Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
               HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                     Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                         Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                (312) 263-2500
                RESEARCH RESULTS
                    1993 REPORT

     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             LAKE GUARDIAN PROGRAM
                     Prepared For
             U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY
                         by
                 Elaine Falk Katz, Ed. D.
                        with
                  Susan Schuler, Ph.D.
                     January 1994

-------
                       CONTENTS
     SECTION                                 PAGE
I     INTRODUCTION                             3
     Test  Phase
     Comparability:  1992/1993

I I    TELEPHONE SURVEY

     A. Key  Findings                             6
     B.  Recommendations                       1 2
     C. Survey Methodology                     1 4
     D. Survey Findings: Results by  Question     1 6

III   TEACHER/STUDENT SURVEY

     A.  Introduction                            4 6
     B. Key  Findings                            4 7
     C.  Recommendations                       4 9
     C.  Survey  Findings:Teachers                5 1
                       Students                5 9

I V   SURVEY  Forms and Tables                  6 3

     A. Telephone Survey Forms
     B.  Teacher/Student Forms
     C. Telephone  Survey Tables
     D.  Teacher/Student Survey Tables

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—3
I      INTRODUCTION

A.  General  Background

The research ship, Lake Guardian, has attracted increasing interest since the
inception, in  1991, of the Lake Guardian cities tour.  The public information
office of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has developed
outreach programs to allow  publics access to the ship and scientists, and to
give the publics information and educational materials explaining the mission
of the Lake Guardian, the scientists' work aboard the Lake Guardian, and the
results of that work.

Targeted publics are the general public, and specifically teachers and students
in public schools.  Using a variety of communication methods, the public
information office reached these  publics to  alert them to visits by  the  Lake
Guardian and the availability of the ship at  specific ports for tours by
educators and their students and by the general public.  Communication tools
include: special educational  materials developed for school use at various
educational  levels  and programs; public media information using local
newspapers,  radio and television; informational materials for persons touring
the Lake Guardian.

As  the program of public information gained momentum, the  U.S.  EPA public
information office recognized that as a public agency it was important to
evaluate the program to determine the type  and extent of impact upon the
public. A research program  was designed by Health Education Research, Inc. to
determine whether, and how, the publics:

      •Understand the EPA's Great Lakes conservation program
      •Appreciate the Lake  Guardian mission and the work of the scientists
      •Learn from  their experience with the Lake Guardian program
      •Are satisfied  with Lake Guardian outreach materials and tours.

The research was also designed  to determine how public information and
educational programs reached the publics and how  programs  can  be improved.

-------
Wealth  Education Research,  Inc.—4
B. 1992 -  The Test Phase

During the  1992 visits of the Lake Guardian to various Great Lakes port cities,
a log book  was kept with the adult visitors' names and phone numbers.  All log
book entries were voluntary on the part of the general public and educator
visitors.  For the 1992 test survey, 100 log book names were selected from a
port visited in  each of the Great Lakes.  A random sample of 100 members of
the general public was drawn to match each of the sites visited  by the log book
visitors.

A telephone survey to both the log book and random sample visitors was
conducted  in late November and December of 1992. The shipboard visits,
however, had taken  place during the summer and early fall months; a time
hiatus that  did not take place for the subsequent, 1993 survey.

Thirty-eight teachers' names were available from the log books. Teachers
came  from  the U.S. and Canada, with their students, to tour the  Lake Guardian.
a mail survey was designed and conducted for the educators and their students.
As with the telephone survey,  there was a  long time lag between the initial
visit to the Lake Guardian and the actual survey; a time hiatus that did not take
place for the 1993 survey.

Appropriate clearances from OMB to conduct the survey in the public interest
were obtained; proper wording  for OMB notification to the public on the
educators'  survey was included on the forms.  Information was  obtained from
the U.S. EPA staff to be sure that the questions were relevant for the outcomes
expected; that the concepts and technical information were correct.
C. Test Phase Results

A detailed report of the test phase results was developed in January, 1993 for
the U.S. EPA. There were many findings that were put into immediate use to
improve programs,  such as the educators' and  student materials and methods of
contacting educators and providing them with  the survey materials. However,
the test phase  was conducted principally to determine whether the survey
methodology and instruments developed for the publics were useful and
how these should be refined for the 1993 survey.

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—5
D.  Comparability:   The  1993  Survey  As a  Baseline

Throughout this report of the 1993 survey, reference will be made to the
findings of the 1992 survey.  There will be comparisons drawn between the two
surveys' findings even though these two surveys are not comparable:  The 1992
survey was a limited test; the 1993  survey was a full scale research effort
with greatly increased data bases.
•
Although it was  interesting to use the comparability factor for  this report, it
is important for the U.S. EPA to recognize that now, with the 1993 survey,
there is a baseline document from which future surveys can be developed to
test various aspects of the program:
      •To see where there are improvements needed
      •To determine the publics'  attitudes and knowledge of the Great Lakes
programs  and issues pertinent to water  quality
      •To understand and act upon the needs and wants of the educators and
student publics, and the general public.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—6

II  TELEPHONE SURVEY:  1993 Results


A.  HIGHLIGHTS and KEY  FINDINGS

1. Who are the publics of the U.S. EPA Great Lakes programs?

   There are distinctively different  publics for Great Lakes environmental
programs:
   THE  LAKE  GUARDIAN  VISITOR PUBLIC: General  Profile
   One public is profiled by the persons who visited the Lake  Guardian research
ship.  This is a self-selected group of persons who upon understanding public
information  communications from the  U.S.  EPA, were energized sufficiently to
find the ship, tour it, and understand the messages given aboard ship.  The Lake
Guardian visitors are significantly younger  than the general public; their
median age is 38.  These younger persons are more concerned with and perceive
more  environmental problems.  The Lake Guardian visitors come from all sizes
of community; they have significantly larger households, with  a mean of 3.1;
and there is a mean of 3.1 children under the  age of 18 in almost half the
households. The greatest number of four-person households are in large cities.
      Lake Guardian  visitors are twice  as likely as the  randomly called
respondents, to indicate membership in an  environmental organization, and they
are most likely to belong to local activist groups.   The  logic and findings here
are that the more problems perceived  in the environment, the larger the
proportion of persons who belong to an environmental organization.  Lake
Guardian visitors are more likely to have some college,  to have completed
college,  or have some graduate  education, than the general public.
      Since the Lake Guardian visitors are young, they are not retired, but
actively working and they are likely to be  professionals: scientists, engineers,
etc. Just a little over half the log book entries for Lake  Guardian visitors were
male.  It is noteworthy that males are more likely to state that they see
environmental problems than are females.
     THE  GENERAL  PUBLIC:  Random  Respondent  Profile
     In general, the public represented by the random respondents is less
tuned in to environmental problems, less aware of what problems there might
be, and less likely to take action to become informed.  These are the people who
stayed home.   Even though some of them received the EPA public information
messages in their local newspapers or on radio or TV,  they did not actually do

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—7

 something about it.  From whatever medium random respondents heard of the
 Lake Guardian, they did not come aboard to tour. But there is currently no way
 to know how many random respondents "tuned out" EPA messages for some
 reason.
      The public group matched by community to the log book group, are older,
 with a median age of 43.  They are mostly two person households; the mean for
 those called randomly is 2.9 persons per household. And two person  families in
 this survey  primarily were found in smaller communities. The random
 respondents are less likely to have children under the age of 18; the
 mean is 2.1  children  per household.  Most of the random respondents did  not
 know whether anyone in their household belongs to an environmental
 organization, and of those who did know, only about half as many as the  Lake
 Guardian visitors were said to belong to local, activist groups.  The educational
 level of the random  respondents is lower in general than for persons  who
 signed the log book.  The random respondents mostly stopped at high  school,
 whereas few Lake Guardian visitors did so. But there are college graduates
 among this group.
      There  was a high (22%) percentage of retirees in the random  respondent
 ranks.  Homemaker was a greater response in the random respondent group to
 the question of their profession/occupation.  Homemakers and retirees are the
 largest groups who see no problems with their lake's  water  quality.  Part of
 the answer to the response of "homemaker" and the greater number of females
 in the random respondent group, is that women are generally the ones in the
 household who answer the phone and are willing to answer questions.
2. Do the publics "own" and use a Great Lake?

      Lake Guardian visitors name a lake as "their own" more often than do
those called randomly.  It is the lake they live closest to, or the one they grew
up near,  that causes them to select it. People who live  in small and medium
sized communities view the lake closest to them as "theirs", far more often
than do big city respondents.
      That the Lake Guardian visitor group are younger and more active is seen
in their activities at "their" lake, which more often than for  the random group
includes  fishing, jogging,  walking, swimming.  Almost  one-quarter of the
random respondents said they never go to the lake at all.  An even larger group,
mostly the random respondents,  one-third, don't go to the lake, and also don't
see any problems with lake water quality.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—8

     The shoreline is the favorite place to go to spend time at the lake. More
beach activities are reported from  large city residents; more swimming and
fishing reported from smaller communities.
     That much remains to be found out about why the publics feel as they do
about the lakes and their activities  there, can be seen in just one small puzzle:
about half of all respondents who consider it a major  problem that lake fish
are unsafe to eat,  are as likely to say they go fishing as are people who don't
consider it a problem.  Fishing may  be simply an activity not engaged in for the
food; or the connections between unsafe fish and water quality and safe eating
habits have just not been communicated and/or understood.
3. What do the publics think about Great Lakes water quality?

      Lake Guardian visitors rate water quality in their lake higher than do
those called randomly.  Lake Guardian visitors are also more aware of lake
water problems, yet they believe water quality is improving..  The random
respondents may not know exactly what the problems are, but they tend to rate
water quality lower, and they  tend to believe water quality is getting worse.
      Lake Superior gets the highest rating for good water quality from
everyone; and even though Lake Michigan was not officially part  of the  1993
survey, there were respondents  who said they "owned" it and rate its water
quality and beauty very highly.  Lake Guardian visitors rank Lakes Erie,  Huron
and Ontario fair.  Lake Erie gets high marks from Lake Guardian visitors who
believe the water quality is improving; whereas they tend to think Lake Huron
water quality is worsening. The  general public does not have a good picture of
the improvements in lake water  quality; they only rate Lake  Erie as showing
improvements; the others are  seen as worsening.

4. What do the publics think are the Great Lakes water quality problems?

      It appears that the less  specifics the publics know about what might
pollute lake water, the more they are Hkely to think the lakes generally
contaminated.  The majority of  respondents, both Lake Guardian visitor and
random, simply name  "contaminants" unspecifically as the greatest problem.
Lake Guardian visitors give more specifics, such as zebra mussels, industrial
wastes and  ship traffic as pollution factors. Lake Guardian visitors were  much
more  likely to see major problems—acid rain, chemical run-off,  etc., than were
random respondents.  There are differences in how the publics view lake water
quality problems, by lake, and  there are differences by size of community.

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.-9

These differences are discussed  in detail under question  10.  In general,
chemicals washing into the lakes are  great worries for persons from Lake Erie
and Lake Huron; acid rain and pollution in sediments are  the major problems
seen  in Lakes Ontario and Superior. There are differences in how persons
residing in small, medium and large communities view lake water quality
problems. For just one example:  Small community respondents from both
groups see fewer major  problems  in all but one-zebra mussels-of  the ten
potential problems in the lakes asked about during the survey.  But there are
many distinctive differences  discussed in question  10.

5. How do the publics view their own and governmental responsibility for lake
water quality?

      There is a connection between going to the lake for activities and a
feeling of responsibility to do something about lake water quality, and
belonging to  an environmental group.  There is also  a strong relationship
between persons who perceive that there is something that they can do to help
lake  water quality and those  who are aware of major problems either real or
potential.  Not surprisingly, the group willing  to take responsibility for
improving lake water quality  are the Lake Guardian visitors, who generally are
more active in using the lake facilities and who, when they think there is
something positive to be done, in addition to proper waste disposal and
increasing public awareness,  will take actions such as recycling, beach clean-
ups,  writing to their congressmen, and joining environmental groups.
      The Lake Guardian visitors  are far more aware of the  U.S. EPA than are
random respondents. More than one-third of Lake Guardian visitors volunteered
the information that monitoring water quality is what the U.S.  EPA does.  There
are many differences between the Lake Guardian visitors and the general  public
in terms of how many problems they perceive and the size of community in
which they live, correlated to their perception of what government agency is
responsible for monitoring lake water quality.  These are discussed  in  question
9. The U.S. EPA has the  highest  percentage of respondents from Lakes Erie and
Ontario who believe that  it is the responsible agency; the U.S. Federal
Government is named by  respondents from Lake Superior; and the DNR has a high
percentage of respondents from  Lake Huron who believe that agency is
responsible for water quality.
      Rule enforcement,  restricting industry and chemicals, fining  polluters
and providing more education, are what the government agencies can do in the
perceptions of both Lake  Guardian and random respondents. Respondents who

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—10

believe that there are four or more major lake water quality problems are the
persons, principally Lake Guardian visitors, who believe most strongly  that
they personally can do something to improve matters, and that government
should  take action to improve water quality.  Almost no respondents were
inclined to have current effort levels continue or to have fewer restrictions or
enforcement; it was only persons who see no major problems with lake water
quality who feel they personally and the government have no role to play.

6. The Lake Guardian Tour

      Visitors to the  Lake Guardian principally read about it in a local
newspaper or saw it in the area and were drawn to it.  Of the random
respondents, it was principally persons  from small  communities who had read
about the Lake Guardian in a  local newspaper, who said they heard about the
ship, but they had not come to tour.
      The ship itself is still  the  major attraction, but interest in conservation
and the environment, and taking children to the ship as an educational
experience are also major reasons for touring the Lake Guardian.  More  than
half the Lake Guardian visitors had other family members who also toured the
ship.
      What visitors  to the Lake Guardian liked most was the labs and their
equipment; next was the scientists and the work they are doing; the captain and
crew also rank highly with visitors.  There is a very high preference for
scientific,  experimental information  as part of the tour.
     The  high recall of the elements  of the tour and the unusually low  "don't
know" response indicates the excellence of the impression made on visitors.
What  they recall most are: measurement of water pollution,  conducting
experiments, measuring pollution in sediments, and operating as a  non-
polluting ship.
     The  tour of Lake Guardian  is a positive experience for visitors.  They
came  away with their questions  answered, with brochures and fact sheets that
were helpful, and no dislikes, except for a few who would have  liked more time
and more  information.
     Week-end afternoons were  the most popular times to be aboard Lake
Guardian.
7. The Role of the U.S. EPA

      Visitors to the Lake Guardian were given the clear message that the U.S.

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.--! 1

EPA owns and operates the Lake Guardian. There was an important increase in
the percentage who remembered ownership; and a decrease in the "don't know"
category.
      That the U.S. EPA has a mandate to emphasize environmental work with
the Great  Lakes can be seen from the responses of the visitors to the Lake
Guardian.  More than half believe that the U.S. EPA is putting about the right
amount of emphasis on Great Lakes environmental activities; but in addition, a
high percentage also said U.S. EPA is now doing too little.  The random
respondents were surprisingly high in their responses to the question  of what
the U.S. EPA role  should be: They were even higher in saying the U.S. EPA is  now
putting too little  emphasis on Great Lakes environmental activities, but a good
percentage think  it's  currently about right.
      Only the respondents who think there are no lake water quality problems
think the  U.S. EPA is  putting too much emphasis on environmental activities.
As  the perception of lake  water quality problems  increases, there is a dramatic
increase in the percentage  of respondents who wish the EPA would do  more, and
a dramatic decrease in the numbers who think there is too much emphasis on
lake water quality activities.
      The  size of the community in which the Lake Guardian visitors live does
not affect the response: They are  significantly higher than random respondents
in believing the emphasis is about right by the U.S. EPA in terms of Great Lakes
environmental  activities.
8. Differences by Great Lake

      In the 1993 survey, significant differences in  awareness and perceptions
of lake water quality and many other questions show up, depending upon which
of the Great Lakes the respondent chose as "theirs"  or the nearest lake. Each
of these differences is discussed in detail  in the question summaries.  In
general, the responses show that Lake Erie residents tend to see  their lake
water quality improving, Ontario and Superior residents  are also fairly positive
about improvements in  lake water quality,  but Lake  Huron residents are far
less sure about it.  Lake Superior residents are most inclined to think that
current  water quality is excellent or good; Lake Michigan respondents also rate
water quality high.  But residents near Lakes  Huron, Erie  and Ontario overall
rate their lake water  quality as fair or poor.    However, Lake Guardian visitors
are far more positive about the high  level of  lake water quality,  regardless of
what lake they come  from.  And they are also far more inclined to think their

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.--! 2

 lake is improving generally, rather than staying the same or getting worse.
      Residents  from small and medium sized communities view the lake
 closest to them as "their" lake far  more often tnan residents of large cities.
 Respondents also  "own" a Great Lake because they grew up there.
      Lake Huron outdoes the others in terms of the percentage who swim, or
 fish; Lake Superior residents are highest on boating activities and  walking or
jogging at the beach  All the lakes get a variety of activities, with Superior,
 Huron and Michigan highest for shoreline or beach activities;  Erie and Ontario
 much higher on  boating or deep-water activities.
      Residents near Lakes Erie and Ontario are most inclined to think the U.S.
 EPA is responsible for monitoring the water quality of their lake; Lake Superior
 residents are highest in  believing it's the U.S. Federal Government ; Lake Huron
 residents were most likely to think it was the Department of Natural
 Resources.
B.  Recommendations

The following recommendations focus  on  the  publics  and  research
and what  may be done to  generate  awareness  and actions:
      •Use the 1993 survey as a baseline from  which to repeat this study to
determine changes or movements in public perceptions of problems and issues
important to the Great Lakes environmental program.
      •Lake Guardian is clearly a fine public service  program.  It attracts a
public group that can be counted on to support U.S. EPA programs and to
understand them. These, the visitors to the Lake Guardian, are a key public of
the U.S. EPA.
      A program of communications to all log book persons is recommended.
They could receive a newsletter, or up-dates on the Lake Guardian and on the
issues revolving around water quality.  They can be used as a test public for
many issues and new programs.
      From the log book lists, EPA can and should derive further data from
focus groups, and mini-surveys.  These are  also key persons to provide input to
EPA.  Therefore, any communications directed to them should  include a return
postal-reply card, pre-paid, to allow for comments, suggestions, inquiries. The
reply cards can be coded so that anonymous responses can still be followed as
to city/state; the cards can contain questions of the yes/no variety for quick
answers.

-------
Health Education  Research,  lnc.--13

      EPA needs more in-depth understanding of how their principal public
feels  about issues and what their level of awareness is. Focus groups can be
planned, using the demographic outlines  of the Lake Guardian visitor public
from  which to structure such  research.
      •The general public represented in  this study by random respondents are
a critical mass that must  be seen in finer detail  in terms of their demographic
profiles, and how they respond to issues and communications important for
Great Lakes water quality  and for U.S.EPA programs generally.  If they are
avoiding listening to or understanding  communications  about environmental
issues, finding and focusing on the groups that are most likely to become more
aware should be a priority for public information programs. For example,
environmental "clubs" need not be reserved as a good idea only for student
groups; possibly retirees,  homemakers, small community residents, could be
interested in such projects and thereby become more aware of messages from
the U.S. EPA.  Literature and  television programs  as well as  public service
programs are all potential methods of  communicating with the public.  But
what  is important is to find out which groups-by age,  profession, economic
status, etc-are  most  likely to listen positively rather than negatively.  These
persons, like  the  visitors to Lake Guardian, are most likely to absorb
information, retain it,  and feel positive about receiving it.
      •Much of what has been found out  about the publics' perception of water
quality and problems in the Great Lakes can be dealt with in the public
information program.  Residents of each of the Great Lakes can be profiled in
terms of this report  and further research.  Such research, for example, as how
the residents who do not  live  close to  a  lake understand environmental
problems,  and what they are willing to do about  water  quality issues.
      •For special programs, such as  restricting chemical run-off from
industry or farms, the Lake Guardian  visitor type of individual and other
similar groups are most likely  to understand  and support special programs, and
they should  be the focus of public information programs.
      •The publics want more information about conservation and  the
environment.  Scientifically oriented articles and  information should be
prepared for widespread public distribution.
      •EPA can do something for the groups wanting more detail.  By
changing the hours or  by alerting the public that scientists and/or the  ship
captain will be available in the non-crowded hours and days  (Mon-Fri—
a.m. and p.m.) they may be able to draw  attention of persons currently not
satisfied with the shipboard tour.
      •If Lake Guardian continues to visit ports where the public can be
invited aboard, there are many techniques the  public information program

-------
 Health Education  Research,  Inc.—14

 may be able to use to draw the attention of persons not now self-
 motivating enough to come to the ship.
      •Broaden the base of public media coverage, but at the same time
 continue to use local newspapers and television to send messages
 important to  environmental programs. Sending messages  to the public
 requires not just  use of public media, but development of special  media,
 such as newsletters, pamphlets,  books, science stories. It may be
 possible to commission writers,  or hold  a  contest for science writers, or
 university research persons who can contribute to the information flow on
 issues important to the U.S. EPA and for the environment.
      •Revise the current video about Lake  Guardian to make it more
 appealing  and appropriate for all  age groups. To do this, it is
 recommended that animation  be used, together with the personality found
 most likable by all publics, the Lake Guardian's Captain.  The Walt Disney
 studios might be  interested in such a project as  a public service.  Short,
 modern videos on a variety of environmental subjects could be produced
 for showings  on TV and cable, in schools  and special group showings.
C..   TELEPHONE  SURVEY:   METHODOLOGY -  1993


•Surveys were completed with visitors who signed the log book of the
Lake Guardian, as follows:

     Sault St. Marie                                   15
     Alpena                                          69
     Detroit                                          65
     Buffalo                                          37
     Oswego                                          41
     Duluth                                           84
     Erie                                             78
     Cleveland                                        60

Total                                                 449

•Surveys were completed from random-digit dial samples,  as  follows:

     Sault St. Marie                                   100

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—15

      Alpena                                         100
      Detroit                                         100
      Buffalo                                         100
      Oswego                                          32
      Erie                                             51

Total                                                483

(See Port Location table, Survey Tables, Log Book vs. Random, Results by
Lake)                       :;

The general tables showing findings of the survey have the Lake Guardian
visitor (log book) and random respondent replies categorized in total, and
by the four lakes: Erie, Huron, Ontario, and Superior, included in the 1993
survey.
•Statistical  comparisons were made as follows:

• 1992 Test  versus 1993 Survey (1992 vs. 1993)
• 1993 Survey Random sample versus Log Book sample (Random vs. Log)
•Significance testing was done on all statistical comparisons  to
determine:
      NS   No significant differences
      *    Significant differences at the .05 level = significant
      **  Significant differences at the .01 level = highly  significant
      *** Significant differences at the .001 level =  very highly
                                                      significant
In reporting  findings, each question  will show, by the  number
of asterisks, at  what  level  of significance,  if any, there  are
differences.

•For the 1993 survey, a number of statistical tests were undertaken that
were not possible to do for the  1992 survey results.  These include:

Special  Tables  "a "--Perceptions of the intensity with which people
regard problems  as major (question 10), to determine whether there are
differences in how people feel about lake  problems and  how that may

-------
Health  Education Research,  Inc.—16

affect the outcome of the data.
Special  Tables  "b "-Deriving data on the differences between persons
from small, medium and large communities. This test was done to
determine whether residence, by size of the community, affected the
outcome of the data.  The three categories of community that were used
are based on the actual  community sizes from which the Lake Guardian and
the random respondents were surveyed. The population of these
communities: l)small-under 50,000 ; 2)medium-50,000 to 100,000; and
3)large—300,000 or more.   There were no communities with a population
between 100,000 and 300,000. All of the  large communities are from Lake
Erie.
Special  Table  "c"-Differences,  by lake chosen as "my lake" to see
whether ownership of Lake Erie, Huron, Ontario and Superior affect the
outcome of data in questions relating to environmental issues.
                                              *
Special Tables "d"  - Differences by both "my lake" and "nearest
lake" to determine how the perception of ownership and closeness affects
the data in specific questions; this set of tables includes all five Great
Lakes.
D. SURVEY FINDINGS:  Final  Results  by  Question

NOTE: Instructions to the telephone survey personnel are included with
the questions so that it is easy to see whether the questions have
prompted a free response, or have been part of a structured format.
     The visitors to the Lake Guardian are referred to as such in the
explanations of each question, or as "log book" respondents.  The control
group are referred to as random respondents or randomly called members
of the public..

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—17

Question 1: Do  you consider one of the Great  Lakes to  be your
Lake? (IF YES)  Which  one?

The question of possible feelings of "ownership" in a Great Lake, and the
possibility of the visit of the Lake  Guardian enhancing such "ownership"
feelings,  prompted question 1.

Visitors to Lake Guardian named a lake as "their own" more (86.2%) than
those chosen at random (79.7%)

There  is a statistically significant  (*) difference  between persons who
had visited the Lake Guardian and those called at random for both the 1992
and 1993 surveys.

In the test results the random respondents said either "no" or "don't
know" 26% when asked if they consider one of the Great Lakes to be
"their" lake;  whereas in  the 1993  results, 20% responded either "no" or
"don't know".  Lake Guardian respondents in the 1992 results said "no"
only 10%, but in the 1993 results, 14% said no or don't know.
When looked at by  choice of lake, the Lake Guardian visitors from Lake
Erie are highest in saying "no" or "don't know"  which is their lake (17.1%)
and are lowest (69.2%)  on claiming Erie is "theirs" (***).

 A  factor that changed the responses to the final survey results is the
large proportion of  persons from the log book living in the Lake Erie
region.  This factor in the 1993 survey  shows up in the questions directly
relating to where the individual lives in relation to  a specific  Great Lake.
In both the random  and log book responses, 37% of respondents are in the
Lake Erie area; only 21%  of the log book and 15% of the random calls
elicited Lake Superior as  "home" lake; 16% Lake Huron; and much smaller
responses from Lake Ontario.

Lake Guardian did not visit Lake Michigan ports  during the 1993  tour;
therefore, Lake Michigan  responses  were not intended for either the Lake
Guardian  visitors or the random respondents. Nevertheless, there are Lake
Michigan  responses.  To account for this unexpected outcome and to look at
other outcomes of the data  in terms of the individual lakes, a series of
special tables were  developed (tables d). looking at all of the Great Lakes
in terms  of  two questions in the survey-Q. 1 -which Great Lake is "your"
lake? and Q. 3 -which Great Lake do you live nearest to?

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—18
To see what happened statistically in terms of Lake Michigan and the
other Lakes, by analyzing the results of Tables d, it is important to know
how the survey data were derived.  Q.I  asked which is "your" lake; then
Q. 2 asked why do you feel it is your lake?  Among the answers to Q. 2 was
one often given, with no prompting, "because it is closest to us".  When
this  answer was given, the surveyor by-passed Q. 3, which lake is
"nearest",  and went directly Q. 4., what activities do you and your family
do at "your" lake, actually naming "their" lake as given in Q. 1,  from  this
question onwards.

Table 1-d looks at the results of both questions: — 1  "your" lake and 3
"nearest"  lake.  Looking  at these two  questions together shows that there
are respondents for each lake, who name lakes other than  "their own" as
being "nearest" to them.  Lake Superior respondents chose Huron, Erie,
and Michigan as nearest (2%); Lake Huron respondents chose Superior,
Michigan, and Erie (6.9%); Lake Michigan respondents thought they lived
nearest to Superior, or Erie (7.3%);  Lake Erie respondents thought Lake
Michigan was nearest  (3.5%)  but also chose Huron, Superior, and Ontario
(3%).  Lake Ontario respondents thought they were nearest to Erie or
Superior (3.7%).

Lake Michigan:  It can be seen in table 1 -d that 49 persons said  Lake
Michigan is "their" lake. In Table 1 the data show that almost 74% of
these 49 persons are  from the random respondents; the other 26% are from
the Lake Guardian visitors. In Table 1-d it is possible to see that in
question 3, only 41 respondents said  Lake Michigan was  "nearest".  The
reason is that in Q. 2, there were 22  respondents who volunteered that
Lake Michigan was  "their" lake because  it was  "nearest".  Another 19
persons, when asked in question 3 which lake is "nearest", answered Lake
Michigan.  For question 4 and thereafter, the total used for Lake Michigan
is 62 respondents (6.66% of all respondents) which includes the original
49 who said it was "their" lake plus the 19 who named  it  as their nearest.
The "mystery" of obtaining responses regarding Lake Michigan in the 1993
survey, even though the ship did not visit ports in that lake, appears to be
related to a variety of perceptions of ownership and nearness to one of the
Great Lakes. Some of these issues are  explained in the next question.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—19
Question 1 was the lead-in to the following questions about knowledge of
EPA environmental work with water and the Great Lakes generally.
Question  2. Why do you  feel  that  Lake	is  your Lake?
(DO NOT READ) (MARK ALL RESPONSES)

As in the test results, the Great Lake closest to the respondents was
clearly their choice of "ownership" in a  Lake (87%). Both the persons who
had visited the Lake  Guardian and those called at random state that it is
the lake closest to where they live,  or grew up, that causes them to select
it. The numbers of persons selecting the 25 other reasons are  too small to
make a significant impact on results, however, it does appear that beauty
and the use of the lake and facilities such  as the beach, boating,
swimming and fishing make up most of the remaining 10%.  Multiple
responses were generally given by the respondents.

The residents of larger cities, primarily on  Lake Erie for the 1993 survey,
were  less  likely to say they "own" a lake;  instead they responded
principally with  lists of recreational activities.   There is  a statistically
significant difference (*) for both the random respondents and those who
visited Lake Guardian in terms of their perception of "ownership" in a
lake - persons who  come from small and  medium communities view the
lake closest to where they live  as "their"  lake,  far more often than
residents of large cities. (See table  2b)

Table 2-d shows in detail for each of the Great Lakes, the  feelings
respondents expressed as to why they chose "their" lake  specifically.  It
is interesting to note that while  all  the lakes  are chosen because they are
either closest or the  respondent  grew up there, Lake Michigan has a higher
than expected response for these factors: grew up there (20.4%); beauty
(16.3%), family outings and boating (10.2% each).
Question  3.  Which  one of  the Great Lakes do  you live nearest to?
(Read  List)

Since the ports visited by the Lake Guardian in the  1993 survey were all

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—20

different from those in the 1992 test phase, there is  no comparability of
result.  Further, because of the preponderance of respondents living in
cities near Lake Erie, the response is overwhelmingly  for that Lake,
whereas in the test phase, it was  fairly evenly divided between all five
Lakes. There was no significant difference between answers from those
chosen at random and those selected from the log books.

The distribution of respondents by  size of community  is shown in table 3b.
Question  4. What activities do you  or your family do at the lake?
(Lake  #__)  (DO  NOT  READ LIST) (PROBE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES)

Clean water is the factor on which depends most of the activities
important to the respondents. These include: swimming, fishing, beach
activities, etc.  Respondents gave multiple responses.  There is  no
significant difference between 1992 and 1993 survey results.  There are
significant differences (*), however, for three responses in the  1993
survey results: 1) 34% of log book respondents report they go fishing,
whereas only 27%  of random respondents fish*; 2) 15% of log book
respondents walk or jog, whereas only 10% of randomly called respondents
do so;  and 3) while 24% of those called randomly say they never go to the
lake for activities, only 9% of the log book respondents report no
activities at  their  lake.

To see what connections there might be between respondents' perceptions
of the  major problems with the Great Lakes (question 10) and the
activities they engage in, statistical tests (chi-square) were performed
with  the responses of all respondents-log book and random (see table 4a)
There is a significant difference (*) between persons who  perceive no
problems with the lakes (34.3%), and those who see 1  or more problems
(13.1%; 15.3%; 13.4%). One-third, (34%) of people who perceive no
problems never go to the lake—these are  primarily the persons  who were
called randomly.  In contrast, 14% of people who see 1  or more  problems
say they never go to the lake.  Also, people who see no problems with the
lakes are less inclined to go swimming, fishing, boating, camping, or to
have family outings at the lake, but they do walk or jog and engage in
shore activities.  There  appears  to be little difference in the activities
engaged in by people who perceive 1  or 2 major problems; 4 to 7 major
problems or 8 to 10 major problems.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—21
 *The  following analysis  was  done  to show  the detail possible
 with  the  statistical  tables gleaned from the  survey.

There are 413 persons  (log and random) who consider it  a major problem
that lake fish are unsafe to eat, yet they are  as likely to name fishing as
an activity they do at the lake, as are persons who do not feel this is a
problem.  This is somewhat puzzling, unless fishing is simply an activity
and not done for the sake of eating the fish. Persons who have "no opinion"
about the safety of lake fish,  do hot tend to fish as an activity at the lake;
a less puzzling statistic.

There are significant differences (*) in the responses from  small and
large  communities;  more swimming  and fishing is reported  in small
communities; more beach activities are engaged in by respondents from
large communities.  For both the Lake Guardian visitors and  the random
respondents, more persons from the large communities never go to the
lake. (See table 4b)
Question  5.   Where  do you  spend most of your time  when  you are at
Lake	?  Would you be,,.. (Read list:  1) In deep water-boating,
sailing or  fishing;  2) At the shoreline or  on the  beaches; 3)  Away
from  the shoreline in  a  park or on  jogging trails; 4) other.

No significant differences emerge between 1992 and 1993 survey results.  The
shoreline remains the favored place at which both log book and random
respondents state they spend most of their time. Second in choice is deep
water boating, sailing  or fishing.
     There were no significant differences between the persons who perceive
ten major problems  or even no major problems with the lakes, in terms of
where they spend time at a lake-the shoreline is favored over both deep water
activities  or park activities.
     By lake, there is a significant difference (*) in the log book respondents'
choice of place for activities: Superior (74.5%) and Huron (68.7%) respondents
are highest on  shoreline preference; Erie (30.8%) and Ontario (40.6%)  highest on

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—22

deep water preference.  There were no significant differences in the random
respondents answers.
Question 6. How  would you rate the  water  quality  in  Lake	?
(Near  shoreline)  (See  #5)

There is a significant difference (*) between those who visited Lake Guardian
and those phoned at random concerning their opinion on water quality-but no
significant difference between 1992 and  1993 survey results.  Those who
visited Lake Guardian rate water .quality in their lake higher than those  called
randomly. Lake Guardian visitors rate water quality excellent or good 61%,
whereas those called randomly give a 47% excellent  or good  rating to water
quality.

There is a significant (***),  strong relationship, and a very logical one
between the opinions held by all respondents (visitors and random)  in terms of
their perception of water quality and the numbers of major problems they see
in the lakes. The correlation is this: the  highest ratings  about water quality--
excellent or  good-are held by the respondents who see no major problems or
few (fewer than 8)  major problems. Conversely, those who see 8 to 10  major
problems with the lakes, believe that  water quality is only fair or poor. (See
table 6a)

There is a significant (***) relationship between the size of  community and
perceptions  about water quality. These perceptions may be related to the lake
on which the community is located.  The small communities  were primarily on
Lakes Huron and Superior, with some Erie  and Ontario-they tended to believe
the water quality was excellent or good.   The medium communities  differed
from log book to random response, with far more excellent perceptions  of lake
water quality from the log book respondents who were from both Lake Superior
and Lake Erie.  The  random respondents in medium sized communities gave very
low excellent ratings; over half rated water quality in their lake, principally
Lake Erie, as fair or poor and good water quality received  a 41% rating..   In
general, the large, Lake Erie communities rated water quality good,  fair  or
poor. (See table 6b)

A critical issue is how Lake Guardian visitors and the  general public called at
random  rank current water quality for "their" lake. Lake  Superior clearly has

-------
 Health  Education  Research, Inc.—23

 the top ranking for both sets of respondents (***), with  Lake Guardian visitor
 ratings of excellent (30.3%) and good (51.5%), and random respondent ratings of
 excellent (26%) and  good (45%).  Lake Guardian visitors from  Ontario give far
 lower ratings of excellent (4.9%) and good (39%); random respondents give
 Ontario excellent (9.4%) and good (25%). It should be noted that Ontario had far
 fewer  respondents in both categories which may have affected the results.

 Looked at on a scase of excellent=4, good=3, fair=2, poor=1, it is clear that
 Lake Superior residents give "their" lake the best marks: Lake Guardian
 visitors rank Lake Superior good+, at 3.2; random respondents rank Lake
 Superior  3—good.  Lake Guardian respondents rank Lakes  Erie, Huron and
 Ontario, fair+ -- Erie  gets a surprising 2.6; Huron 2.5 and Ontario 2.4.    The
 general public random respondents also see their lakes as fair+, and  like  Lake
 Guardian visitors, give Lake Huron a 2.5; but rank Lake Erie as a 2.3 and Lake
 Ontario 2.2  (See table 6c). When looked at by the four lakes "officially"  part of
 the survey, that is without Lake Michigan, there is no change in the ratings for
 either  the Lake Guardian or random respondents. (See table  6cc)
Rating water quality by "your" lake for all respondents shows a significant
(**) difference in perceptions, with Lakes Superior and Michigan rated
excellent and good, while Lakes Huron, Erie and Ontario are rated fair to poor.
(See table 6d)
Question  7.  Over the past  ten years, would you say that  the water
quality of  Lake	is  improving,  is it getting worse,  or is it
staying about  the same?

As in question 6, visitors to  Lake Guardian have a positive and significant (**)
difference in perception of improvements in water quality from those chosen
at random: 47.2% of Lake Guardian visitors believe it is improving, vs. only
25.7% of those called randomly.  On the other hand, those called randomly tend
to believe water quality is getting worse, 27%, vs. only 14.7% of visitors to
Lake Guardian.

There are significant (***) differences in both the Lake Guardian and random
respondents perceptions of water quality, by "their" lake. Lake Erie  is highest
on "improving" for both groups (62.9%) log book; (36.3%)  random respondents.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—24

Huron is rated by both groups as highest in "getting worse" (33.3%) log book;
(37%) random respondents; whereas Erie is lowest (8.3%) log book and (22.7%)
random respondents.

There is  a significant (***), strong and logical relationship between
respondents' ideas about how many major problems there are in the lakes and
whether the quality of the water is improving.  People who see few problems,
tend to see water quality improving, whereas those who see many problems,
tend to believe water quality is getting worse. (See table 7a)

There is a significant (***) relationship between the size of community,  and
the respondents' perceptions of whether water quality is improving. This is
probably due to the fact that  large cities were principally on Lake Erie.
Respondents from both the Lake Guardian and those chosen randomly from large
and medium sized communities,  are very much more inclined to believe their
lake  water quality is improving,  than  are respondents from small communities.
(See table 7b) This may mean  that there is a perception that Lake Erie water
quality has been worked on and has as a result, improved.

To check  the perceptions of respondents regarding whether water quality is or
is not improving  -the direction  of change in water quality- by lake,  was
determined on a scale of: Improving =+1,  staying the same =0, worsening =-1.
Lake Guardian visitors perceptions of "their" lake  is that Lake  Erie is  indeed
improving, with a score of +.6, Lake Ontario ranks  next for improvement, +.5,
and Lake Superior also ranks as improving, +.1.   Lake  Huron is the only one with
a negative score, meaning residents who visited Lake Guardian  believe Lake
Huron is worsening, -.1.   Much work needs to be done to improve the general
public perceptions of whether the lakes are improving, or not.   The randomly
called respondents said  only Lake Erie is showing  improvement in water
quality, with a score of +.1.   Seen as worsening  are Lake Superior and  Lake
Huron, both have a score of -.2.   Lake Ontario ranks .0; staying  the same.
(See table 7c)  Looked at through the prism  of the four official lakes in the
study, there is a change in the Lake Guardian visitor perceptions: Huron goes
down to -.2 and Ontario goes down to  .4.  The random respondents' answers
remained the same except for Erie which improved  to .2. (See table 7cc).
Looking at water quality perceptions by all respondents, in terms of "their"
lake, both Lakes Erie and Ontario are significantly (**) higher on  the
"improving" opinion;  Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior are generally seen as

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—25

"about the same". (See table 7d)
Question 8.  What  do you  think  are the  biggest problems concerning
Lake	water quality?  (DO  NOT  READ LIST)  (MARK  ALL
RESPONSES)

Both the Lake Guardian visitors and those called randomly gave multiple
responses.  While  contaminants/pollution remain highest on the list, this
response dropped a significant^), 10% in the 1993 survey from the test
results.  In the test results 70% of Lake Guardian  visitors cited
contaminants/pollution; in the 1993 results  it was 60.1%.  Persons called
randomly in the test focused on contaminants 67%, in the 1993 survey, it
dropped to 56.3%.  A probable reason for the higher percentage of Lake Guardian
visitors noting  contaminant/pollution emerges from the significant  difference
(*) in the "don't know" response, with Lake  Guardian visitors at only  13.6% and
those called randomly at 22.4%. In other words, Lake Guardian visitors believe
they know what lake water quality problems are; random  respondents tend not
to know and state "no opinion".  Zebra mussels remain highest  on the list of
contaminants specified by all respondents in the I993 results,  but paper mills,
industrial wastes and  ship traffic are  much  higher than the test results, which
had  pesticides second as a pollution factor.
Respondents who think there are many major problems in the lakes (4 to 10)
believe the biggest problem in their lake is  contaminants/pollution.  The
correlation is: the more problems, the higher the percentage of respondents
who chose contaminants/pollution  rather than a specific  problem such as zebra
mussels or paper mills, etc.  It appears that the less specifics one knows, the
more likely to consider the lakes generally very contaminated.   Conversely, the
very high percentage of respondents who said, in responding to question 8,
there are no problems or they do not know what problems there might be, are
significantly (*) more inclined  to perceive in responding to question  10,  that
there are no, or perhaps just 1 or 2, major problems.

Another interesting response is in regard to  pesticides:  persons who responded
to question 10 by saying they perceived 8 to 10 major problems with the lakes,
were those most inclined to think  pesticides were the biggest problem;
conversely, those who saw no major problems, did not mention  pesticides at all

-------
Health  Education  Research,  lnc.--26

as a problem. (See table 8a)

Problems perceived by individual lake also show some  interesting responses:
Lakes Erie and Ontario have the most respondents who think Zebra Mussels are
a big problem;  Lake Superior has the highest percentage of respondents who
think ship traffic is a big problem;  Lake Michigan respondents  have by far a
higher percentage who name pesticides as the big  problem with their lake;
while Lakes Superior and Huron have  the highest percentages of respondents
who say there are no problems with their lakes. (See table 8d)
Question 9.  Who  do you feel is responsible for monitoring  the water
quality of Lake	? (DO  NOT READ LIST)  (MARK ALL RESPONSES)

For the 1993 survey, the list of possible agencies was not read to respondents.
(During the  test,  respondents were divided into those to whom the list was
read and those who gave their own responses.) There are significant
differences (*) in the responses  from Lake Guardian visitors and random
respondents.  The US Environmental Protection Agency is still most often
"delegated"  the task of monitoring water quality  (33.6%) by visitors to the
Lake Guardian, whereas random respondents attributed to the state government
(15.9%) and  Department of Natural Resources (15.7%), the task of monitoring
water quality, and only 13% to the US/EPA.  Another significant  difference (*)
is in the perception of those who think the US Federal Government is in charge
of water quality monitoring, with  15.1% of Lake Guardian visitors, but only
8.3% of random respondents who believe that.  And finally, there is a
significant difference (*) in the rate  of "don't know"  responses, with only
21.1% of Lake Guardian visitors claiming not to know, while 32.3% of random
respondents don't know who is responsible for monitoring water quality.

There is a correlation between the percentage of  respondents  who believe that
there are major problems in the lakes, and the percentage who believe that the
US/EPA or the State government are responsible  for monitoring  water quality.
Conversely, those respondents who don't know who is responsible for
monitoring water  quality see no major problems or few major  problems. (See
table 9a )

There are a  number of significant differences (*)  between perceptions of who
is responsible for monitoring the water quality of the lakes, in terms of size of
community from  which the  respondents came: Lake Guardian visitors are twice

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—27

as likely to attribute monitoring to the US/EPA in all three sizes of
community, than are random respondents; Lake Guardian visitors from large
communities are far  more likely to believe the US/EPA  is responsible,  than are
Lake Guardian visitors from small communities; those from large communities
are more likely to attribute responsibility to state government than are those
from medium communities; and Lake Guardian respondents from small
communities said they didn't  know who was responsible significantly (*)  more
than persons from medium or large communities.   In both the Lake Guardian
visitor and random respondent groups, the small community residents see the
Department of Natural Resources as responsible, far more than persons from
large communities. (See  table 9b)

The US/EPA has the highest percentage of respondents from Lakes Erie and
Ontario who believe that is the responsible agency for  monitoring water
quality.  The US Federal Government is named by respondents from Lake
Superior; the DNR has a very high percentage of respondents from Lake Huron
who believe that agency is responsible for water quality. (See table 9d)
Question  10. Now I'm going to  read you  a  few things that  some
people  believe  are  problems.   Other people believe these  are not
problems.  As I read  each one,  please  tell  me  whether  you consider  it
to be a major  problem, a minor problem, or  not a problem at  all.
(ROTATE  FROM MARKED ITEM)

Responses to this question were quite different  in  the  1993 survey from the
test  results, in terms of how Lake  Guardian visitors and random respondents
answered.  In the test  results, there were few differences between the two
groups.  In the 1993 result, Lake Guardian visitors are  more conscious  of the
potential major threat of many problems than the random respondents, and they
are less likely to have a "no opinion" response.

Lake Guardian visitors  were significantly different (*) in their assessment of
all 10 environmental problems  tested.  For all 10  problems, visitors  rated the
problem more seriously than random respondents rated them. For 8 problems,
Lake Guardian visitors were significantly (*) more likely  to  rate them  as
"major".  For the other 2 problems,  Lake Guardian visitors were significantly
more likely to rate them "minor".    The 8 major problems  were: acid rain,
pollution in the  bottom mud, chemicals washing into the lake  from farms,

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—28

chemicals washing into the lake from cities, industries dumping chemicals in
th« lake, PCBs in the lake,  DDT in the lake, lake fish unsafe for swimming.  Lake
Guardian visitors found these problems to be more of a major threat than did
the random respondents.  For the other 2 problems,  Lake Guardian visitors
were   significantly (*) more likely to  rate them as  minor, and less likely to say
they were not a problem.  This was  the  case for safety of fish to eat and zebra
mussels.

As in the test results, Lake Guardian  visitors and those called at random place
chemicals at the top of the potential pollution  list.  Industries dumping
chemicals in the lake is first, (74.6% for log book; 69.4% for random) and
chemicals washing into the lake from cities  was second highest with both
groups (72.4% for log book; 64.2%  for random) —this was exactly the same
ranking as  in the test results. The only  major change was a significant drop  in
the tendency of random respondents  to think of industries dumping chemicals
in the lake  as a major problem (69.4%) in the  1993 survey vs. (83%) for the test
results.

Lake Guardian visitors were less likely in general to say they  had "no opinion"
than random respondents.  But as in the test results, there is a  high "no
opinion" by both groups for PCBs and  DDT in the lake as pollutants.

Looked at for differences by lake, there is an interesting pattern that emerges
in the  two sets of respondents.  The  Lake Guardian visitors responses show
significant  differences in all but the issues of PCBs,  DDT, and Zebra Mussels,
which apparently are such  global issues that they affect all lakes and all
respondents equally. The random respondents show significant differences by
lake for each of the  issues.

For the more local issues, the Lake Guardian  visitors from Lake  Huron rate acid
rain the lowest (27.5%) of major problems; it is lowest on pollution in bottom
mud (37.7%); lowest on chemicals washing into the lake from farms (34.8%);
but goes almost as high as Erie  on  chemicals washing into the lake from cities
(72.5%) and industries dumping chemicals into the lake (78.3%)  The random
respondents follow about the same pattern for Lake Huron.   Chemicals
washing into the lake are rated  highest  from both groups for Lake Erie and
pollution  in the bottom mud also worries Lake Erie residents.  For  both groups
of respondents from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior,  acid rain and pollution in
the bottom mud are major problems,  as are chemicals washing into the lake,

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—29

but somewhat lower in ratings.

The random respondents/general public from Lake Ontario are concerned about
PCBs, DDT  and exotic species, seeing these as a major problems; residents
from Lake Erie also rank these three factors high as major problems.

Small community respondents from both Lake Guardian visitor and random
calls, see fewer major problems in all but one-zebra mussels- of the ten
potential problems in the lakes.  The differences  between small and large
communities is generally statistically significant (*) and often very highly
significant (***) in how they perceive lake problems.  Respondents from the
medium communities sometimes resemble or are similar  to the opinion of the
small community respondents; sometimes the larger community responses.

Some of the more interesting  and significant differences are:
•I) Acid rain is principally seen as a  major problem in both log and random by
the medium and large community residents;
•2) Pollution in the bottom mud below the water is considered a major problem
significantly (*) more by large community residents for both log and randomly
called;
•3) For all 3 items — chemicals washing into the lake from farms,  from  cities
and from industries- Lake  Guardian visitors separate into small and medium
vs. large communities; random respondents separate into small vs. medium and
large. Chemicals are considered by both groups of respondents to be major
problems (***).
•4) PCBs, DDT and zebra mussels in the lake are considered major problems by
random  respondents from large cities significantly (**)  more than small and
medium community residents;
• 5) Lake fish are considered unsafe to eat significantly (***) more by
randomly called residents from medium and large communities than from small
communities;
•6) Lake Guardian visitors and randomly called respondents from small and
medium communities do not consider the lake unsafe for swimming
significantly (**) more than do residents of large communities and  conversely,
large city residents consider this to be a major problem.  (See table 10b)

Lake Guardian visitors are more aware of major lake water problems than the
general public represented by randomly called respondents.  Of the 10 issues
cited in this question, just  looking at  "major" problems shows  that  Lake
Guardian visitors see Lake Erie as having 5.5 major problems, Lake Ontario,  4.9,

-------
l-lealth Education  Research,  Inc.—30

Lake Huron, 4.7, and Lake Superior, 4.2 major problems. The randomly called
respondents see the major problems on the same type  of sliding scale, but at
lower numbers of major problems: Lake Erie, 5, Lake Ontario, 4.7,  Lake Huron,
3.5 and Lake Superior,  3.3. (See table 10c) Changes based on the four "official"
lakes are virtually imperceptible. (See Table lOcc)

When looked at from the point of view of responses by lake ownership, there
are differences: Lake Huron has the lowest (27.5%) rating for acid rain as a
major  problem for Lake Guardian  visitors; farm run-off is considered a  major
problem for Lake  Erie (64.2%) by  Lake Guardian visitors, they also rate urban
run-off and industry dumping more of a major problem  than Lake  Guardian
visitors from other lakes;  PCBs  are considered more of a major problem for
random respondents  from  Lake Ontario than other lakes or Lake Guardian
visitors; DDT as  a problem has low ratings over-all, but lowest from random
respondents for Lake Superior; exotic  species as a major problem has  moderate
ratings from  Lake Guardian visitors, but  is  increasingly troublesome to random
respondents from a low (26%) for Superior to a high (62.5%) for Ontario.  Lake
Guardian visitors from both Superior (12.1%) and Huron (13%)  consider their
lake has no major problem with safety for swimming, while  those from Erie
(35.4%) and Ontario (36.6%) perceive their lakes' water quality less safe for
swimming.  Random respondents from Superior (7%), Huron (11%)  and Ontario
(12.5%) do not consider their lakes have a major problem for swimming; only
respondents from Lake  Erie rate their lake (34.7%) to have a major problem.
(See table 10d)
Question  11.  Do you feel there is anything you can do to help
improve Lake	water quality?   What  is that? (DO NOT READ  LIST)

Lake Guardian visitors are more likely  than random respondents to feel that
there are things they can do to help improve water quality in their lake.
Especially significant (*) are the positive responses  about proper waste
disposal (28.3% ) for Lake Guardian visitors vs. (21.7%) random respondents;
and positive responses about increasing public awareness (16.5%) for Lake
Guardian visitors vs. (10.4%) random respondents. On the other hand,  Lake
Guardian visitors only said "no" (20%)  there was  nothing they could do to  help
improve water quality, whereas  random respondents were more likely to be
negative (31.7%)  about being able to  help improve water quality. There was,

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—31

however, in the  1993 survey, a significant (*) increase in Lake Guardian
visitors who said "no" they did not feel there was something they could do to
improve water quality in their lake. There had been only an 8% "no" response in
the test results.

When Lake Guardian visitors do think there is something positive to be  done
about  lake water quality, other than proper  waste disposal  and increasing
public  awareness, it includes personal actions, such as recycling (9.1%), beach
clean ups  (7.6%), writing to their  congressmen (7.3%), and joining
environmental groups (7.3%). More and better government  controls were lower
on the list (4.2%) in the 1993 survey, than in the test (7%).

There is a strong relationship between the perception of respondents that they
can do something to help improve their lake's water  quality and their
perceptions of the numbers of major problems they perceived in question 10.
The higher the number of problems, the more the  respondents were inclined to
feel there should be proper waste disposal,  an increase in public awareness,
and recycling, etc. Conversely, respondents who saw  nothing they could do to
help improve water quality in their lake, or did not know what to do, either saw
no problems in question 10, or a smaller number of problems.  Only on the
question of more and better government controls  is there a very small but
almost uniform response from all  respondents, across the entire  range  of
perceived  major problems However, government controls are not high on any
list about 4% average. (See table 1 la).

There are some  significant differences (*) between how Lake Guardian visitors
and random respondents from varying size  communities view their ability to
improve water quality.   Large city residents are far more positive  about
recycling as a step they can take.  But random respondents from both large and
medium sized communities, state that they don't know what they can do; the
large city  random respondents are significantly  (*) more unsure or say  "no"
there's nothing they can do far more than the Lake Guardian visitors. (See table
lib)
 Question  12.  Do you feel there is anything the  government can  do to
help improve Lake	water quality?   What  is  that? (DO  NOT
READ  LIST)

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—32

Better rule enforcement by government agencies had a significant (**) rise  in
the 1993 survey from the test results.  The Lake Guardian visitors think rule
enforcement is the government's job (47.2%); randomly called persons also
believe government must enforce rules (42.2%).  Restrictions on chemicals also
had a significant (*)  increase in the 1993 survey; it is third highest in the
beliefs about what government agencies must do for both Lake Guardian
visitors (19.2%) and  persons called randomly (16.1%).  Second highest, and
probably closely tied to both rule enforcement and restrictions on chemicals,
is the belief by both  Lake Guardian visitors (28.5%) and random groups (30.2%)
that industry must have more restrictions placed on it by government.

These answers fit with the responses from question 10, in which the severity
of problems indicates how much people  feel that chemicals from any source are
a major contribution to  pollution in the  lakes,  but  especially point up their
belief that industries dumping chemicals into the lakes are a problem.  An idea
favored in exactly the same degree  (12.2%) by both Lake Guardian and random
groups, is government action on fines for polluters.

On the positive action side, Lake Guardian visitors  are more inclined (10.5%)
than randomly called respondents (5.8%) to believe in  more education; both
groups call for more  more laws, more clean up, more research.  All of the
programs—punitive or positive—require more funds, and both groups included
programs  requiring funding in their beliefs about government actions.

When the question of what government can do to help improve lake water
quality is looked at in terms of question 10, how many problems did
respondents perceive in the lakes — the results are very strong and  positive.
Two-thirds of the respondents feel that  4 or more problems are major, and of
these persons, two conclusions can be drawn: I) 2/3  are willing to personally
do something about it, and 2) 88%  of these persons feel government can (and
should) take action to improve water quality.   Almost no respondents were
inclined to have current effort levels continue or to have fewer restrictions or
enforcement. Persons who responded that the government can't do anything or
that they did not know what government could do, were primarily the
respondents who saw no major problems in the lakes.  (See table 12a).

Better rule enforcement and more restrictions on industry are the principle
methods  all respondents, from small, medium and large communities  see  as  the
governmental role in improving water quality in the Great Lakes.  There are a

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—33

few significant differences between the respondents.  Lake Guardian visitors
from large communities want fines for polluters significantly (*) more than do
others.  Lake Guardian visitors from medium sized communities  want more
laws significantly (*) more than  visitors from small  communities.  From the
random  respondents in large communities there is a very low percentage (2.5%)
who believe there is nothing the government can do to help improve the lakes;
it  is significantly (*) different from the random respondents in small
communities, who say "no" (12.1%) to government actions to improve lake
water quality. (See table 12b)
Question  13.  Have you  heard or read  anything about an environmental
research  ship named  Lake  Guardian?

This question was, of course, asked only of random respondents.  Almost 15% of
respondents had heard of Lake Guardian; but a slightly higher percentage than in
the test results, (81.8%) said they had not.  None of the respondents who had
heard of the ship volunteered the statement that they had toured it.

Small community  residents  were significantly (***) the majority (24.1%) of
persons called randomly who had heard or read about the Lake Guardian.  Only
4.5% from large communities and 11.8% from medium communities had heard
about the ship. (See table 13b)  This, of course, ties neatly to the fact that (see
question  14) local newspapers are a major source of information especially in
small communities.
Question  14. Can  you  recall where  you  heard about  the research  ship
Lake  Guardian?  Was it in a local  newspaper, on the  radio, or TV, or
from  someone else?

Evidently Lake Guardian attracts attention when it is in a port that provides
visibility, or where the residents make it a habit to drive by or somehow  find
out what's happening at the ports. The two highest ranking recall items for
learning about Lake  Guardian, are local newspapers (32.3%)  for Lake Guardian
visitors and (38%) for random respondents, and "saw it in area".  There  is a
significant difference (*)  between responses to "saw in  area" from Lake
Guardian visitors (32.3%)  and random respondents (21.1%).

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—34

Although local newspapers still greatly outrank all other media,  TV is  a  high
second as a public information resource.  There is a significantly (*) higher
proportion of random respondents (19.7%) who saw it on TV than did Lake
Guardian respondents (8.5%).  Word of mouth is third highest in both groups'
responses.

The only change in responses  in the 1993 survey were  the  miscellaneous lists
of how one or two individuals  heard of Lake Guardian, including  this time, three
persons who heard of it through the Sierra Club.

Local newspapers  outrank all other media in all sizes of community, for their
ability to attract attention to  the Lake  Guardian visit.   However, it is
significantly  (*) higher for the small  community resident to have seen it in
the local newspaper; but significantly (*) higher for  medium to  large
community residents to have found out about Lake Guardian  by seeing it in the
area.  (See table 14b)

Lake  Guardian visitors from Superior  and Ontario  were significantly higher
(***)  in responding that they read about the ship in  their local newspaper.
Lake  Erie residents were highest (***) on having seen it in the area.

Question  15.  Are you aware that public tours  are available  on  the
Lake   Guardian?

Of the 15% random respondents who had heard of Lake Guardian,  over half (55%)
knew  there were public tours  available.   This is a slightly lower response rate
from the test results, but not significantly so.

Small  community residents from the randomly called respondents  were
significantly  (*) more aware that public tours  are available  on Lake Guardian,
than were either the medium or large size community residents.  (See table I5b)

Lake Superior and  Lake Huron residents were significantly (*)  higher in
responding that they were aware of public tours on Lake Guardian.

Question  16.  Have  you  personally  toured the  Lake Guardian?

Fewer random respondents in the 1993 survey were aware of public tours and
only one person responded that they had toured the Lake Guardian.  The number

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—35

of persons responding positively in the test  results was also small.  This may
indicate a need to have some type of publicity and promotional effort, such as
distribution of "mock" tickets for a tour, to  encourage visitors. Of all the
visitors who signed the log book, only one  person did not actually  tour after
signing in. (See table 16b)
Question  17.  What was the main  reason you  toured the ship? (DO NOT
READ  LIST)   (IF  CURIOSITY, ABOUT WHAT?)

The ship, Lake Guardian, is clearly the big draw in the results of the 1993
survey (56%) as it was in the test results (59%).  And similarly,  interest  in
conservation  and the environment is the second most important reason people
toured the ship (42.9%).  Very much the same results in the 1993 survey as in
the test show that touring the ship is considered desirable as an educational
experience  for themselves and as a learning experience for children.

Residents of  all sizes of community toured  Lake  Guardian because of interest
in the  ship itself, but there is a  significantly (*) higher response in this regard
from medium to large size communities.  There is an odd response to touring
the ship as an educational experience, with residents of medium  sized
communities  significantly  (*) lower (4.9%) in this regard than small (22%) and
large (18%) community residents. (See table I7b)
Question  18.  Have any  other members  of your family toured  the Lake
Guardian?

More than half the Lake Guardian visitors (53.3%) said that other family
members also toured the ship; this is the same result as in the test. Of the few
random respondents who knew about the tours, only 25.6% indicated a family
member had toured.

Lake Guardian visitors from Superior and Huron were most  likely (***) to have
answered that other  members of their families toured the  Lake Guardian.

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



6. How would you rate the water quality in Lake 	?



 Log Book

Base
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Total
449 100.0%
57 12.7%
213 47.4%
122 27.2%
38 8.5%
19 4.2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
30 30.3%
51 51.5%
12 12.1%
1 1.0%
5 5.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
9 13.0%
26 37.7%
24 34.8%
10 14.5%
Erie
240 100.0%
16 6.7%
120 50.0%
70 29.2%
23 9.6%
11 4.6%
Ontario
41 100.0%
2 4.9%
16 39.0%
16 39.0%
4 9.8%
3 7.3%
 Random Sample

Base
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Total
483 100.0%
56 11.6%
172 35.6%
154 31.9%
68 14.1%
33 6.8%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
26 26.0%
45 45.0%
17 17.0%
5 5.0%
7 7.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
12 12.0%
34 34.0%
33 33.0%
17 17.0%
4 4.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
15 6.0%
85 33.9%
90 35.9%
42 16.7%
19 7.6%
Ontario
32 100.0%
3 9.4%
8 25.0%
14 43.8%
4 12.5%
3 9.4%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



5.  Where do you spend most of your time when you are at Lake 	?



 Log Book

Base: Spend time at a lake
In deep water-boating, sailing
or fishing
At the shoreline or on the
beaches
Away from the shoreline in a
park or on jogging trails
Total
404 100.0%
115 28.5%
255 63.1%
34 8.4%
Lake
Superior
94 100.0%
18 19.1%
70 74.5%
6 6.4%
Huron
67 100.0%
19 28.4%
46 68.7%
2 3.0%
Erie
211 100.0%
65 30.8%
124 58.8%
22 10.4%
Ontario
32 100.0%
13 40.6%
15 46.9%
4 12.5%
 Random Sample

Baset Spend time at a lake
In deep water-boating, sailing
or fishing
At the shoreline or on the
beaches
Away from the shoreline in a
park or on jogging trails
Total
368 100.0%
91 24.7%
245 66.6%
32 8.7%
Lake
Superior
84 100.0%
18 21.4%
60 71.4%
6 7.1%
Huron
74 100.0%
19 25.7%
51 68.9%
4 5.4%
Erie
187 100.0%
49 26.2%
117 62.6%
21 11.2%
Ontario
23 100.0%
5 21.7%
17 73.9%
1 4.3%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



4. What activities do you or your family do at the lake?



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Swimming
Pishing
Boating
Beach activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Water sports
Shore activities
None, never go there
Total
449 100.0%
184 41.0%
152 33.9%
138 30.7%
71 15.8%
75 16.7%
68 15.1%
27 6.0%
27 6.0%
16 3.6%
17 3.8%
7 1.6%
40 8.9%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
36 36.4%
30 30.3%
28 28.3%
9 9.1%
16 16.2%
36 36.4%
7 7.1%
12 12.1%
3 3.0%
3 3.0%
3 3.0%
5 5.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
44 63.8%
33 47.8%
26 37.7%
6 8.7%
6 8.7%
9 13.0%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
3 4.3%
1 1.4%
2 2.9%
Erie
240 100.0%
93 38.8%
76 31.7%
71 29.6%
53 22.1%
42 17.5%
22 9.2%
16 6.7%
12 5.0%
10 4.2%
12 5.0%
4 1.7%
24 10.0%
Ontario
41 100.0%
11 26.8%
13 31.7%
13 31.7%
3 7.3%
11 26.8%
1 2.4%
2 4.9%
2 4.9%
1 2.4%
9 22.0%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Swimming
Fishing
Boating
Beach activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Water sports
Shorr. - «-ivities
None, never go there
Total
483 100.0%
179 37.1%
129 26.7%
130 26.9%
64 13.3%
54 11.2%
48 9.9%
22 4.6%
6 1.2%
15 3.1%
10 2.1%
8 1.7%
115 23.8%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
50 50.0%
38 38.0%
33 33.0%
7 7.0%
13 13.0%
14 14.0%
6 6.0%
2 2.0%
4 4.0%
1 1.0%

16 16.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
43 43.0%
33 33.0%
27 27.0%
11 11.0%
5 5.0%
12 12.0%
5 5.0%

2 2.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
26 26.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
74 29.5%
52 20.7%
63 25.1%
41 16.3%
33 13.1%
20 8.0%
9 3.6%
2 .8%
9 3.6%
6 2.4%
7 2.8%
64 25.5%
Ontario
32 100.0%
12 37.5%
6 18.8%
7 21.9%
5 15.6%
3 9.4%
2 6.3%
2 6.3%
2 6.3%

2 6.3%

9 28.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
3. Which one of the Great Lakes do you live nearest to?



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Total
449 100.0%
102 22.7%
86 19.2%
8 1.8%
208 46.3%
45 10.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
96 97.0%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
1 1.4%
66 95.7%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
Erie
240 100.0%
5 2.1%
20 8.3%
5 2.1%
206 85.8%
4 1.7%
Ontario
41 100.0%
41 100.0%
 Random Sample

Bases All respondents
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Total
483 100.0%
87 18.0%
101 20.9%
33 6.8%
226 46.8%
36 7.5%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
82 82.0%
11 11.0%
6 6.0%
1 1.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
1 1.0%
79 79.0%
20 20.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
4 1.6%
11 4.4%
27 10.8%
202 80.5%
7 2.8%
Ontario
32 100.0%
3 9.4%
29 90.6%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
2. Why do you feel that Lake 	 is your lake?



 Log Book

Bases All respondents
Closest to us
Grew up there
Beauty
Pishing
Family outings
Boating
Recreation
Quality of water, shore areas
Swimming
Drinking water
Economic factor
No response
Total
388 100.0%
303 78.1%
34 8.8%
15 3.9%
11 2.8%
14 3.6%
9 2.3%
8 2.1%
6 1.5%
6 1.5%
8 2.1%
1 .3%
1 .3%
Lake
Superior
89 100.0%
67 75.3%
12 13.5%
5 5.6%
6 6.7%
2 2.2%

2 2.2%
2 2.2%
1 1.1%
3 3.4%


Huron
62 100.0%
55 88.7%
2 3.2%
3 4.8%
1 1.6%

2 3.2%
2 3.2%
2 3.2%
1 1.6%



Erie
200 100.0%
149 74.5%
18 9.0%
7 3.5%
3 1.5%
11 5.5%
7 3.5%
4 2.0%
2 1.0%
3 1.5%
4 2.0%
1 .5%
1 .5%
Ontario
37 100.0%
32 86.5%
2 5.4%

1 2.7%
1 2.7%



1 2.7%
1 2.7%


 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Closest to us
Grew up there
Beauty
Fishing
Family outings
Boating
Recreation
Quality of water, shore areas
Swimming
Prinking water
f ;omic factor
No response
Total
385 100.0%
299 77.7%
37 9.6%
19 4.9%
14 3.6%
9 2.3%
12 3.1%
6 1.6%
6 1.6%
5 1.3%
3 .8%
1 .3%

Lake
Superior
78 100.0%
56 71.8%
12 15.4%
4 5.1%
4 5.1%
2 2.6%
1 1.3%
2 2.6%
2 2.6%
2 2.6%

Huron
89 100.0%
79 88.8%
7 7.9%
1 1.1%
2 2.2%
1 1.1%
1 1.1%

Erie
196 100.0%
145 74.0%
15 7.7%
13 6.6%
7 3.6%
6 3.1%
11 5.6%
5 2.6%
3 1.5%
3 1.5%
1 .5%

Ontario
22 100.0%
19 86.4%
3 13.6%
1 4.5%
1 4.5%
1 4.5%
1 4.5%


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
1. Do you consider one of the Great Lakes to be



 Log Book
your lake?

Base> All respondents
No Don't know
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Total
449 100.0%
62 13.8%
97 21.6%
72 16.0%
13 2.9%
166 37.0%
39 8.7%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
10 10.1%
85 85.9%
2 2.0%
2 2.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
7 10.1%
3 4.3%
57 82.6%
2 2.9%
Erie
240 100.0%
41 17.1%
8 3.3%
13 5.4%
9 3.8%
166 69.2%
3 1.3%
Ontario
41 100.0%
4 9.8%
1 2.4%
36 87.8%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No Don't know
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Total
483 100.0%
98 20.3%
74 15.3%
76 15.7%
36 7.5%
176 36.4%
23 4.8%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
22 22.0%
66 66.0%
3 3.0%
6 6.0%
3 3.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
11 11.0%
4 4.0%
63 63.0%
3 3.0%
19 19.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
55 21.9%
3 1.2%
10 4.0%
27 10.8%
151 60.2%
5 2.0%
Ontario
32 100.0%
10 31.3%
1 3.1%
3 9.4%
18 56.3%

-------
                           1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
Port Location
 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Sault St. Marie
Duluth
Alpena
Detroit
Buffalo
Erie PA
Cleveland
Oswego
Total
449 100.0%
15 3.3%
84 18.7%
69 15.4%
65 14.5%
37 8.2%
78 17.4%
60 13.4%
41 9.1%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
15 15.2%
84 84.8%






Huron
69 100.0%


69 100.0%





Erie
240 100.0%



65 27.1%
37 15.4%
78 32.5%
60 25.0%

Ontario
41 100.0%







41 100.0%
 Random Sample

Bases All respondents
Sault St. Marie
Alpena
Detroit
Buffalo
Erie PA
Oswego
Total
483 100.0%
100 20.7%
100 20.7%
100 20.7%
100 20.7%
51 10.6%
32 6.6%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
100 100.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
100 100.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
100 39.8%
100 39.8%
51 20.3%
Ontario
32 100.0%
32 100.0%

-------
1.  Basic Tables:  Totals  and by  Lake

-------
C. Telephone  Survey Tables


   1. Basic Tables:Totals and by  Lake


   2.  Special Tables:

   A  - Perceived Major Problems
   B  - Community  Size
   C  - "Owned  Lake"  Differences
   D  » "Owned" by "Nearest"  Lake

-------
2. Special  Table



B  -- Community  Size

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
Ib.  Do you consider one of the Great Lakes to be your lake?



    Log Book

Base: All respondents
No Don't know
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Small
125
8.8%
12.0%
47.2%
3.2%

28.8%
Medium
162
8.6%
45.7%


45.7%

Large
162
22.8%
4.9%
8.0%
5.6%
56.8%
1.9%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No Don't know
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Small
232
18.5%
30.6%
28.4%
3.9%
10.8%
7.8%
Medium
51
3.9%

2.0%
92.2%
2.0%
Large
200
26.5%
1.5%
4.5%
13.5%
52.0%
2.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
2b. Why do you feel that Lake



    Log Book
is your lake?

Base: All respondents
Closest to us
Grew up there
Beauty
Fishing
Family outings
Boating
Recreation
Quality of water, shore areas
Swimming
Drinking water
Economic factor
No response
Small
114
86.0%
6.1%
3.5%
2.6%
.9%
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
.9%


Medium
149
80.5%
10.7%
3.4%
4.0%
2.7%
2.0%
1.3%
1.3%
1.3%
2.0%


Large
125
68.0%
8.8%
4.8%
1.6%
7.2%
3.2%
3.2%
1.6%
1.6%
3.2%
.8%
.8%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Closest to us
Grew up there
Beauty
Fishing
Family outings
Boating
Recreation
Quality of water, shore areas
Swimming
Drinking water
Economic factor
No response
Small
189
81.5%
11.6%
3.2%
3.7%
1.6%
.5%
.5%
1.6%
1.1%
1.1%
.5%

Medium
49
83.7%
4.1%

4.1%
2.0%

4.1%
2.0%
4.1%



Large
147
70.7%
8.8%
8.8%
3.4%
3.4%
7.5%
2.0%
1.4%
.7%
.7%



-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
3b. Which one of the Great Lakes do you live nearest to?
    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Small
125
10.4%
52.8%
2.4%
1.6%
32.8%
Medium
162
51.9%


48.1%

Large
162
3.1%
12.3%
3.1%
79.0%
2.5%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Small
232
35.8%
38.8%
2.6%
10.3%
12.5%
Medium
51

2.0%

96.1%
2.0%
Large
200
2.0%
5.0%
13.5%
76.5%
3.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
4b. What activities do you or your family do at the lake?



    Log Book

Base: All Respondents
Swimming
Fishing
Boating
Beach activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Water sports
Shore activities
None, never go there
Small
125
51.2%
40.8%
33.6%
9.6%
15.2%
10.4%
4.0%
2.4%
3.2%
1.6%

8.8%
Medium
162
39.5%
38.3%
34.0%
14.8%
17.9%
23.5%
5.6%
9.3%
3.1%
2.5%
1.9%
5.6%
Large
162
34.6%
24.1%
25.3%
21.6%
16.7%
10.5%
8.0%
5.6%
4.3%
6.8%
2.5%
12.3%
    Random Sample

Base: All Respondents
Swimming
Fishing
Boating
Beach activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Water sports
Shore activities
None, never go there
Small
232
45.3%
33.2%
28.9%
9.9%
9.1%
12.1%
5.6%
1.7%
2.6%
1.7%
.4%
22.0%
Medium
51
39.2%
21.6%
25.5%
9.8%
7.8%
11.8%
2.0%

3.9%
2.0%
3.9%
21.6%
Large
200
27.0%
20.5%
25.0%
18.0%
14.5%
7.0%
4.0%
1.0%
3.5%
2.5%
2.5%
26.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
5b. Where do you spend most  of your time when you are at Lake
    Log Book

Base: Spend time at a lake
In deep water-boating, sailing
or fishing
At the shoreline or on the
beaches
Away from the shoreline in a
park or on jogging trails
Small
114
31.6%
61.4%
7.0%
Medium
153
29.4%
62.7%
7.8%
Large
137
24.8%
65.0%
10.2%
    Random Sample

Base: Spend time at a lake
In deep water-boating, sailing
or fishing
At the shoreline or on the
beaches
Away from the shoreline in a
park or on jogging trails
Small
181
23.2%
70.7%
6.1%
Medium
40
27.5%
57.5%
15.0%
Large
147
25.9%
63.9%
10.2%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
6b. How would you rate the water quality in Lake 	?



    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Small
125
12.0%
39.2%
32.8%
12.0%
4.0%
Medium
162
21.6%
50.6%
17.3%
6.2%
4.3%
Large
162
4.3%
50.6%
32.7%
8.0%
4.3%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Small
232
17.7%
37.5%
27.6%
11.2%
6.0%
Medium
51
2.0%
41.2%
31.4%
21.6%
3.9%
Large
200
7.0%
32.0%
37.0%
15.5%
8.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
7b.  Over the past ten years, would you say that the water quality
    of Lake 	 is improving, is it getting worse, or is it
    staying about the same?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Small
125
33.6%
24.8%
24.8%
16.8%
Medium
162
42.0%
32.7%
13.0%
12.3%
Large
162
63.0%
20.44
8.6%
8.0%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Small
232
14.2%
43.1%
31.5%
11.2%
Medium
51
37.3%
29.4%
27.5%
5.9%
Large
200
36.0%
25.5%
21.5%
17.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
8b. What do you think are the biggest problems concerning Lake
    water quality?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Contaminants pollution
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
Pesticides
People's behavior, attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological effects
Harm to wildlife, fish
Managing lake quality
There are no problems
Don't know
Small
125
67.2%
6.4%
4.8%
3.2%
6.4%
1.6%
1.6%
.8%
1.6%

2.4%
2.4%
2.4%
.8%

2.4%
15.2%
Medium
162
60.5%
11.7%
6.8%
4.9%
7.4%
2.5%
1.9%
1.9%
3.1%
1.9%
.6%
1.2%
3.7%
.6%
1.2%
3.1%
13.0%
Large
162
54.3%
10.5%
3.7%
8.0%
3il%
4.3%
7.4%
2.5%
3.7%
4.9%
1.9%
1.2%
.6%
2.5%
1.9%

13.0%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Contaminants pollution
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
Pesticides
People's behavior, attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological effects
Harm to wildlife, fish
Managing lake quality
There are no problems
Don't know
Small
232
55.2%
3.9%
6.0%
4.3%
2.2%
5.6%
.9%
3.0%
.9%
2.6%
1.3%
.9%
.9%
.4%

7.8%
20.7%
Medium
51
56.9%
9.8%
7.8%
9.8%
2.0%





2.0%

2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
19.6%
Large
200
57.5%
5.0%
3.0%
3.5%
3.5%
4.5%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%

2.5%
2.5%
.5%

1.0%
2.5%
25.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
9b. Who do you feel is responsible for monitoring the water
    quality of Lake 	

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
US Environmental Protection
Agency
State government
US Federal Government
Department of Natural
Resources
Local government
All of us
Industry
Environment Canada
Other government group
Non-government group
Don't know
Small
125

24.0%
14.4%
12.0%
13.6%
6.4%
12.8%
4.0%
2.4%
2.4%
1.6%
28.8%
Medium
162

36.4%
8.0%
19.8%
5.6%
5.6%
9.9%
6.8%
4.3%
4.3%
.6%
19.8%
Large
162

38.3%
17.9%
13.0%
2.5%
11.7%
7.4%
4.9%
3.7%
3.7%
.6%
16.7%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
US Environmental Protection
Agency
State government
US Federal Government
Department of Natural
Resources
Local government
All of us
Industry
Environment Canada
Other government group
Non-government group
Don't know
Small
232

12.1%
11.6%
6.0%

22.4%
10.8%
9.1%
2.6%
3.0%
3.0%
.4%
31.9%
Medium
51

15.7%
17.6%
3.9%

2.0%
5.9%
3.9%
7.8%
2.0%
3.9%

43.1%
Large
200

13.5%
20.5%
12.0%

11.5%
12.0%
7.0%
2.0%
4.0%
3.5%

30.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb.  How much of a problem is:



    Log Book
A. Acid Rain

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
36.0%
28.8%
12.8%
22.4%
Medium
162
41.4%
33.3%
13.6%
11.7%
Large
162
44.4%
37.0%
9.3%
9.3%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
26.3%
30.2%
24.6%
19.0%
Medium
51
35.3%
31.4%
11.8%
21.6%
Large
200
33.0%
38.0%
10.5%
18.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:
     below the water

    Log Book
B. Pollution in the bottom mud

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
40.8%
31.2%
4.8%
23.2%
Medium
162
48.8%
28.4%
9.3%
13.6%
Large
162
58.6%
27.8%
3.1%
10.5%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
34.9%
26.3%
15.1%
23.7%
Medium
51
39.2%
45.1%
2.0%
13.7%
Large
200
54.5%
24.5%
4.0%
17.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
10b. How much of a problem is:
     from farms

    Log Book
C. Chemicals washing into the lake

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
40.8%
37.6%
11.2%
10.4%
Medium
162
43.2%
38.9%
8.6%
9.3%
Large
162
68.5%
22.8%
3.1%
5;6%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
33.6%
32.3%
22.8%
11.2%
Medium
51
49.0%
31.4%
5.9%
13.7%
Large
200
50.0%
23.5%
10.0%
16.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:
     from cities

    Log Book
D. Chemicals washing into the lake

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
68.0%
19.2%
6.4%
6.4%
Medium
162
65.4%
25.3%
3.7%
5.6%
Large
162
82.7%
12.3%
.6%
4.3%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
58.2%
23.7%
10.3%
7.8%
Medium
51
72.5%
15.7%

11.8%
Large
200
69.0%
19.0%
2.0%
10.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb.  How much of a problem is:
     in the lake
E. Industries dumping chemicals
    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
74.4%
15.2%
3.2%
7.2%
Medium
162
67.3%
23.5%
4.3%
4.9%
Large
162
82.1%
13.6%
.6%
3.7%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
63.4%
14.7%
9.5%
12.5%
Medium
51
78.4%
13.7%

7.8%
Large
200
74.0%
14.5%
2.5%
9.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:
    Log Book
F. PCBs in the lake

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
54.4%
16.8%
5.6%
23.2%
Medium
162
46.9%
23.5%
6.8%
22.8%
Large
162
54.9%
21.0%
3.7%
20.4%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
38.4%
20.7%
9.9%
31.0%
Medium
51
39.2%
13.7%

47.1%
Large
200
51.5%
19.5%
5.0%
24.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:



    Log Book
G. DDT in the lake

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
32.8%
28.0%
12.8%
26.4%
Medium
162
34.0%
26.5%
13.0%
26.5%
Large
162
42.0%
28.4%
6.8%
22.8%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
25.4%
20.3%
17.7%
36.6%
Medium
51
23.5%
27.5%
3.9%
45.1%
Large
200
42.0%
23.0%
7.5%
27.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:
     mussels

    Log Book
H. Exotic species like the Zebra

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
50.4%
30.4%
7.2%
12.0%
Medium
162
46.9%
32.1%
9.9%
11.1%
Large
162
49.4%
35.8%
6.2%
8.6%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
37.1%
28.4%
17.7%
16.8%
Medium
51
62.7%
19.6%
2.0%
15.7%
Large
200
53.0%
24.0%
7.0%
16.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb.  How much of a problem is:
    Log Book
I.  Lake fish unsafe to eat

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
44.8%
32.0%
13.6%
9.6%
Medium
162
42.0%
36.4%
16.0%
5.6%
Large
162
53.1%
30.9%
8.6%
7.4%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
31.9%
28.0%
33.2%
6.9%
Medium
51
54.9%
27.5%
7.8%
9.8%
Large
200
50.5%
24.0%
18.5%
7.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lOb. How much of a problem is:  J. Lake unsafe for swimming
    Log Book

Basel All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
125
20.8%
35.2%
37.6%
6.4%
Medium
Ifi?.
21.6%
34.0%
38.9%
5.6%
Large
162
37,0%
35.8%
20.4%
6.8%
    Random Sample

Baset All respondents
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Small
232
9.5%
31.5%
54.7%
4.3%
Medium
51
31.4%
45.1%
13.7%
9.8%
Large
200
35.5%
28.5%
28.0%
8.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lib.  Do you feel there is anything you can do to help improve
     Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
No
Don't know
Proper waste disposal
Increase public awareness
Recycle
Beach clean ups
Write to congressman
Join environmental group
More /better government
controls
Other personal action
More tax funds
Small
125
23.2%
20.8%
29.6%
16.8%
3.2%
3.2%
4.0%
5.6%

4.0%
3.2%

Medium
162
21.0%
18.5%
29.6%
16.7%
10.5%
10.5%
5.6%
4.9%

1.9%
3.1%
.6%
Large
162
16.7%
14.8%
25.9%
16.0%
12.3%
8.0%
11.7%
11.1%

6.8%
3.1%
.6%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No
Don't know
Proper waste disposal
Increase public awareness
Recycle
Beach clean ups
Write to congressman
Join environmental group
More /better government
controls
Other personal action
More tax funds
Small
232
38.8%
10.3%
25.0%
8.2%
2.6%
9.1%
6.0%
6.0%

3.0%
3.4%
.9%
Medium
51
21.6%
33.3%
13.7%
17.6%
5.9%
5.9%
5.9%


5.9%


Large
200
26.0%
24.5%
20.0%
11.0%
11.0%
6.0%
9.0%
2.5%

5.0%
5.5%


-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
12b.  Do you feel there is anything the government can do to help
     improve Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
No
Don't know
Better rule enforcement
More restrictions on industry
More restrictions on chemicals
Fines for polluters
More laws
More education
Provide more funds
More clean up
More research
Continue current efforts
Less restrictions, enforcement
Economic incentives
International cooperation
Small
125
4.8%
13.6%
47.2%
24.0%
16.0%
5.6%
2.4%
12.8%
7.2%
1.6%
3.2%
1.6%


Medium
162
6.2%
10.5%
42.0%
25.3%
16.0%
12.3%
13.0%
12.3%
11.7%
3.7%
4.9%
.6%
.6%
Large
162
4.3%
8.0%
52.5%
35.2%
24.7%
17.3%
6.8%
6.8%
6.8%
2.5%
1.9%
1.9%
.6%
.6%
.6%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No
Don't know
Better rule enforcement
More restrictions on industry
More restrictions on chemicals
Fines for polluters
More laws
More education
Provide more funds
More clean up
More research
Continue current efforts
Less restrictions, enforcement
Economic incentives
International cooperation
Small
232
12.1%
10.8%
38.4%
34.1%
15.1%
10.3%
4.7%
6.5%
5.2%
3.8%
.4%
1.3%
.9%

.4%
Medium
51
3.9%
25.5%
41.2%
19.6%
7.8%
11.8%
9.8%
2.0%
9.8%

2.0%




Large
200
2.5%
15.0%
47.0%
28.5%
19.5%
14.5%
12.0%
6.0%
6.5%
4.0%
1.5%

1.0%
1.5%


-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
13b. Have you heard or read anything about an environmental
     research ship named the Lake Guardian?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Yes
No
Log book visitor
Don't know
Small
125
100.0%
Medium
162
100.0%
Large
162
100.0%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Yes
No
Log book visitor
Don't know
Small
232
24.1%
72.4%
3.4%
Medium
51
11.8%
82.4%
5.9%
Large
200
4.5%
92.5%
3.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
14b. Can you recall where you heard about the research ship
     Lake Guardian?

    Log Book

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Local newspaper
Radio
Television
Word of mouth
Saw in area
School
Sault St. Marie Information
Booth
Personal Invitation
Through Sierra Club
Flyer in grocery store
Coast Guard
Mailer
Ohio Coastal Reserve Advisory
Council
County water district
Can't recall
Small
125
40.0%
9.6%
4.0%
20.8%
20.0%
2.4%

.8%
.8%
1.6%







Medium
162
32.7%
1.9%
10.5%
11.7%
40.1%
.6%










2.5%
Large
162
25.9%

9.9%
18.5%
34.0%
6.2%


.6%
.6%
.6%
.6%
.6%

.6%
.6%
1.2%
    Random Sample

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Local newspaper
Radio
Television
Word of mouth
Saw in area
School
Through Sierra Club
Can't recall
Small
56
42.9%
1.8%
14.3%
8.9%
26.8%
1.8%
3.6%

Medium
6


66.7%
33.3%




Large
9
33.3%
11.1%
22.2%
22.2%



11.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
7. Over the past ten years, would you say that the water quality in Lake
   is it improving, is it getting worse, or is it staying about the same?'

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Total
449 100.0%
212 47.2%
117 26.1%
66 14.7%
54 12.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
25 25.3%
37 37.4%
17 17.2%
20 20.2%
Huron
69 100.0%
14 20.3%
20 29.0%
23 33.3%
12 17.4%
Erie
240 100.0%
151 62.9%
52 21.7%
20 8.3%
17 7.1%
Ontario
41 100.0%
22 53.7%
8 19.5%
6 14.6%
5 12.2%
 Random Sample

Basei All respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Total
483 100.0%
124 25.7%
166 34.4%
130 26.9%
63 13.0%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
9 9.0%
53 53.0%
27 27.0%
11 11.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
16 16.0%
36 36.0%
37 37.0%
11 11.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
91 36.3%
66 26.3%
57 22.7%
37 14.7%
Ontario
32 100.0%
8 25.0%
11 34.4%
9 28.1%
4 12.5%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS

8. What do you think are the biggest problems concerning Lake 	 water
   quality?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Contaminants pollution
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
Pesticides
People's behavior, attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological effects
Harm to wildlife, fish
Managing lake quality
There are no problems
Don't know
Total
449 100.0%
270 60.1%
44 9.8%
23 5.1%
25 5.6%
25 5.6%
13 2.9%
17 3.8%
8 1.8%
13 2.9%
11 2.4%
7 1.6%
7 1.6%
10 2.2%
6 1.3%
5 1.1%
8 1.8%
61 13.6%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
57 57.6%
10 10.1%
6 6.1%
4 4.0%
13 13.1%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
5 5.1%
2 2.0%
3 3.0%
3 3.0%
1 1.0%
3 3.0%
14 14.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
48 69.6%
3 4.3%
6 8.7%
3 4.3%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
3 4.3%
8 11.6%
Erie
240 100.0%
138 57.5%
26 10.8%
11 4.6%
17 7.1%
7 2.9%
10 4.2%
14 5.8%
7 2.9%
7 2.9%
9 3.8%
4 1.7%
2 .8%
4 1.7%
5 2.1%
4 1.7%
2 .8%
30 12.5%
Ontario
41 100.0%
27 65.9%
5 12.2%
1 2.4%
3 7.3%
2 4.9%

1 2.4%
1 2.4%
2 4.9%
9 22.0%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS

8. What do you think are the biggest problems concerning Lake 	 water
   quality?

 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Contaminants pollution
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
Pesticides
People's behavior, attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological effects
Harm to wildlife, fish
Managing lake quality
There are no problems
Don ' t know
Total
483 100.0%
272 56.3%
24 5.0%
24 5.0%
22 4.6%
13 2.7%
22 4.6%
10 2.1%
13 2.7%
6 1.2%
6 1.2%
9 1.9%
7 1.4%
4 .8%
2 .4%
3 .6%
24 5.0%
108 22.4%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
53 53.0%
1 1.0%
.5 5.0%
4 4.0%
4 4.0%
4 4.0%
2 2.0%
4 4.0%
1 1.0%
2 2.0%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
11 11.0%
22 22.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
60 60.0%
3 3.0%
7 7.0%
5 5.0%
1 1.0%
8 8.0%
2 2.O%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
6 6.0%
19 19.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
144 57.4%
15 6.0%
10 4.0%
12 4.8%
8 3.2%
9 3.6%
8 3.2%
6 2.4%
4 1.6%
6 2.4%
5 2.0%
2 .8%
1 .4%
3 1.2%
6 2.4%
60 23.9%
Ontario
32 100.0%
15 46.9%
5 15.6%
2 6.3%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%
5 15.6%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%
7 21.9%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



9. Who do you feel La responsible for monitoring the water quality of Lake



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
US Environmental Protection
Agency
State government
US Federal Government
Department of Natural
Resources
Local government
All of us
Industry
Environment Canada
Other government group
Non-government group
Don't know
Total
449 100.0%

151 33.6%
60 13.4%
68 15.1%

30 6.7%
36 8.0%
44 9.8%
24 5.3%
16 3.6%
16 3.6%
4 .9%
95 21.2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%

27 27.3%
5 5.1%
22 22.2%

10 10.1%
3 3.0%
8 8.1%
8 8.1%
5 5.1%
4 4.0%
2 2.0%
24 24.2%
Huron
69 100.0%

18 26.1%
9 13.0%
6 8.7%

12 17.4%
3 4.3%
8 11.6%
4 5.8%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
20 29.0%
Erie
240 100.0%

96 40.0%
39 16.3%
31 12.9%

6 2.5%
26 10.8%
21 8.8%
11 4.6%
10 4.2%
11 4.6%
1 .4%
39 16.3%
Ontario
41 100.0%

10 24.4%
7 17.1%
9 22.0%

2 4.9%
4 9.8%
7 17.1%
1 2.4%



12 29.3%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
US Environmental Protection
Agency
State government
US Federal Government
Department of Natural
Resources
Local government
All of us
Industry
Environment Canada
Other government group
Non-government group
Don ' t know
Total
483 100.0%

63 13.0%
77 15.9%
40 8.3%

76 15.7%
52 10.8%
37 7.7%
14 2.9%
16 3.3%
16 3.3%
1 .2%
156 32.3%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%

10 10.0%
13 13.0%
12 12.0%

18 18.0%
13 13.0%
9 9.0%
1 1.0%
6 6.0%
3 3.0%

31 31.0%
Huron
100 100.0%

10 10.0%
8 8.0%
1 1.0%

33 33.0%
10 10.0%
9 9.0%
5 5.0%

2 2.0%
1 1.0%
32 32.0%
Erie
251 100.0%

35 13.9%
50 19.9%
26 10.4%

24 9.6%
27 10.8%
16 6.4%
8 3.2%
9 3.6%
9 3.6%

82 32.7%
Ontario
32 100.0%

8 25.0%
6 18.8%
1 3.1%

1 3.1%
2 6.3%
3 9.4%

1 3.1%
2 6.3%

11 34.4%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
10. How much of a problem is each of the following?



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Acid Rain
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Pollution in the bottom mud
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Chemicals washina into the
lake from farms
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Chemicals washina into the
lake from cities
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Industries dumoina chemicals
in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Total
449 100.0%
184 41.0%
150 33.4%
53 11.8%
62 13.8%
225 50.1%
130 29.0%
26 5.8%
68 15.1%
232 51.7%
147 32.7%
33 7.3%
37 8.2%
325 72.4%
85 18.9%
15 3.3%
24 5.3%
335 74.6%
79 17.6%
12 2.7%
23 5.1%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
46 46.5%
30 30.3%
15 15.2%
8 8.1%
41 41.4%
37 37.4%
11 11.1%
10 10.1%
37 37.4%
42 42.4%
12 12.1%
8 8.1%
62 62.6%
28 28.3%
5 5.1%
4 4.0%
61 61.6%
27 27.3%
5 5.1%
6 6.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
19 27.5%
18 26.1%
13 18.8%
19 27.5%
26 37.7%
24 34.8%
4 5.8%
15 21.7%
24 34.8%
27 39.1%
11 15.9%
7 10.1%
50 72.5%
11 15.9%
6 8.7%
2 2.9%
54 78.3%
10 14.5%
3 4.3%
2 2.9%
Erie
240 100.0%
102 42.5%
88 36.7%
23 9.6%
27 11.3%
139 57.9%
62 25.8%
9 3.8%
30 12.5%
154 64.2%
62 25.8%
8 3.3%
16 6.7%
190 79.2%
36 15.0%
2 .8%
12 5.0%
194 80.8%
34 14.2%
3 1.3%
9 3.8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
17 41.5%
14 34.1%
2 4.9%
8 19.5%
19 46.3%
7 17.1%
2 4.9%
13 31.7%
17 41.5%
16 39.0%
2 4.9%
6 14.6%
23 56.1%
10 24.4%
2 4.9%
6 14.6%
26 63.4%
8 19.5%
1 2.4%
6 14.6%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
10. How much of a problem La each of the following?
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Acid Rain
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Pollution in the bottom mud
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Chemicals washina into the
lake from farms
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Chemicals washina into the
lake from cities
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Industries dumoina chemicals
in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Total
463 100.0%
145 30.0%
162 33.5%
84 17.4%
92 19.0%
210 43.5%
133 27.5%
44 9.1%
96 19.9%
203 42.0%
138 28.6%
76 15.7%
66 13.7%
310 64.2%
101 20.9%
28 5.8%
44 9.1%
335 69.4%
70 14.5%
27 5.6%
51 10.6%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
26 26.0%
27 27.0%
25 25.0%
22 22.0%
30 30.0%
25 25.0%
16 16.0%
29 29.0%
30 30.0%
35 35.0%
23 23.0%
12 12.0%
52 52.0%
28 28.0%
12 12.0%
8 8.0%
63 63.0%
12 12.0%
10 10.0%
15 15.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
26 26.0%
33 33.0%
23 23.0%
18 18.0%
36 36.0%
27 27.0%
16 16.0%
21 21.0%
35 35.0%
30 30.0%
23 23.0%
12 12.0%
60 60.0%
21 21.0%
12 12.0%
7 7.0%
63 63.0%
14 14.0%
10 10.0%
13 13.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
84 33.5%
92 36.7%
27 10.8%
48 19.1%
129 51.4%
72 28.7%
9 3.6%
41 16.3%
125 49.8%
63 25.1%
23 9.2%
40 15.9%
175 69.7%
46 18.3%
4 1.6%
26 10.4%
188 74.9%
36 14.3%
5 2.0%
22 8.8%
Ontario
32 100.0%
9 28.1%
10 31.3%
9 28.1%
4 12.5%
15 46.9%
9 28.1%
3 9.4%
5 15.6%
13 40.6%
10 31.3%
7 21.9%
2 6.3%
23 71.9%
6 18.8%
3 9.4%
21 65.6%
8 25.0%
2 6.3%
1 3.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
10.  How much of a problem LB each of the following?
 Log Book

Base: All respondents
PCBs in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
DDT in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Exotic species like the Zebra
Mussels
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Lake fish unsafe to eat
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Lake unsafe for swimming
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Total
449 100.0%
233 51.9%
93 20.7%
24 5.3%
99 22.0%
164 36.5%
124 27.6%
48 10.7%
113 25.2%
219 48.8%
148 33.0%
35 7.8%
47 10.5%
210 46.8%
149 33.2%
57 12.7%
33 7.3%
121 26.9%
157 35.0%
143 31.8%
28 6.2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
46 46.5%
20 20.2%
11 11.1%
22 22.2%
31 31.3%
24 24.2%
16 16.2%
28 28.3%
45 45.5%
33 33.3%
13 13.1%
8 8.1%
32 32.3%
42 42.4%
23 23.2%
2 2.0%
12 12.1%
26 26.3%
58 58.6%
3 3.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
33 47.8%
16 23.2%
4 5.8%
16 23.2%
23 33.3%
23 33.3%
8 11.6%
15 21.7%
37 53.6%
22 31.9%
4 5.8%
6 8.7%
32 46.4%
18 26.1%
14 20.3%
5 7.2%
9 13.0%
26 37.7%
33 47.8%
1 1.4%
Erie
240 100.0%
130 54.2%
52 21.7%
7 2.9%
51 21.3%
97 40.4%
66 27.5%
19 7.9%
58 24.2%
117 48.8%
83 34.6%
15 6.3%
25 10.4%
125 52.1%
77 32.1%
19 7.9%
19 7.9%
85 35.4%
91 37.9%
47 19.6%
17 7.1%
Ontario
41 100.0%
24 58.5%
5 12.2%
2 4.9%
10 24.4%
13 31.7%
11 26.8%
5 12.2%
12 29.3%
20 48.8%
10 24.4%
3 7.3%
8 19.5%
21 51.2%
12 29.3%
1 2.4%
7 17.1%
15 36.6%
14 34.1%
5 12.2%
7 17.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
10.  How much of a problem is each of the following?
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
PCBs in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
DDT in the lake
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Exotic species like the Zebra
Mussels
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Lake fish unsafe to eat
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Lake unsafe for swimmina
Major
Minor
Not at all
No opinion
Total
483 100.0%
212 43.9%
94 19.5%
33 6.8%
144 29.8%
155 32.1%
107 22.2%
58 12.0%
163 33.7%
224 46.4%
124 25.7%
56 11.6%
79 16.4%
203 42.0%
127 26.3%
118 24.4%
35 7.2%
109 22.6%
153 31.7%
190 39.3%
31 6.4%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
34 34.0%
22 22.0%
11 11.0%
33 33.0%
19 19.0%
29 29.0%
16 16.0%
36 36.0%
26 26.0%
25 25.0%
25 25.0%
24 24.0%
23 23.0%
21 21.0%
45 45.0%
11 11.0%
7 7.0%
18 18.0%
67 67.0%
8 8.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
37 37.0%
19 19.0%
11 11.0%
33 33.0%
30 30.0%
12 12.0%
17 17.0%
41 41.0%
40 40.0%
35 35.0%
11 11.0%
14 14 fJl
33 33.0%
36 36.0%
27 27.0%
4 4.0%
11 11.0%
38 38.0%
50 50.0%
1 1.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
123 49.0%
46 18.3%
10 4.0%
72 28.7%
96 38.2%
60 23.9%
17 6.8%
78 31.1%
138 55.0%
58 23.1%
15 6.0%
40 15.9%
129 51.4%
62 24.7%
41 16.3%
19 7.6%
87 34.7%
80 31.9%
63 25.1%
21 8.4%
Ontario
32 100.0%
18 56.3%
7 21.9%
1 3.1%
6 18.8%
10 31.3%
6 18.8%
8 25.0%
8 25.0%
20 62.5%
6 18.8%
5 15.6%
1 3.1%
18 56.3%
8 25.0%
5 15.6%
1 3.1%
4 12.5%
17 53.1%
10 31.3%
1 3.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
11.  Do you feel there Le anything you can do to help improve
    Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
No
Don't Know
Proper waste disposal
Increase public awareness
Recycle
Beach clean ups
Write to congressman
Join environmental group
More/better government
controls
Other personal action
More tax funds
Total
449 100.0%
90 20.0%
80 17.8%
127 28.3%
74 16.5%
41 9.1%
34 7.6%
33 7.3%
33 7.3%

19 4.2%
14 3.1%
2 .4%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
22 22.2%
11 11.1%
37 37.4%
16 16.2%
4 4.0%
9 9.1%
6 6.1%
8 8.1%

2 2.0%
4 4.0%
1 1.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
22 31.9%
9 13.0%
24 34.8%
10 14.5%
1 1.4%
3 4.3%
2 2 .9%
5 7.2%

2 2.9%
3 4.3%

Erie
240 100.0%
43 17.9%
44 18.3%
57 23.8%
39 16.3%
34 14.2%
22 9.2%
22 9.2%
20 8.3%

13 5.4%
6 2.5%
1 .4%
Ontario
41 100.0%
3 7.3%
16 39.0%
9 22.0%
9 22.0%
2 4.9%

3 7.3%


2 4.9%
1 2.4%

 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No
Don't Know
Proper waste disposal
Increase public awareness
Recycle
Beach clean ups
Write to congressman
Join environmental group
More/better government
controls
Other personal action
More tax funds
Total
483 100.0%
153 31.7%
90 18.6%
105 21.7%
50 10.4%
31 6.4%
36 7.5%
35 7.2%
19 3.9%

20 4.1%
19 3.9%
2 .4%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
45 45.0%
7 7.0%
18 18.0%
11 11.0%
1 1.0%
11 11.0%
7 7.0%
3 3.0%

3 3.0%
4 4.0%

Huron
100 100.0%
37 37.0%
14 14.0%
24 24.0%
5 5.0%
3 3.0%
7 7.0%
6 6.0%
10 10.0%

2 2.0%
3 3.0%
2 2.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
63 25.1%
66 26.3%
47 18.7%
31 12.4%
25 10.0%
15 6.0%
21 8.4%
5 2.0%

13 5.2%
11 4.4%

Ontario
32 100.0%
8 25.0%
3 9.4%
16 50.0%
3 9.4%
2 6.3%
3 9.4%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%

2 6.3%
1 3.1%


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
12. Do you feel there is anything the government can do to help
    improve Lake 	 water quality?  what is that?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
No
Better rule enforcement
More restrictions on industry
More restrictions on chemicals
Pines for polluters
More laws
More education
Provide more funds
More clean up
More research
Continue current efforts
Less restrictions, enforcement
Economic incentives
International cooperation
Stock it better
Tax Canadians for poll"*-. ion
Don ' t know
Total
449 100.0%
23 5.1%
212 47.2%
128 28.5%
86 19.2%
55 12.2%
35 7.8%
47 10.5%
38 8.5%
6 1.3%
13 2.9%
13 2.9%
1 .2%
2 .4%
2 .4%

1 .2%
47 10.5%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
7 7.1%
28 28.3%
26 26.3%
15 15.2%
13 13.1%
12 12.1%
19 19.2%
13 13.1%
1 1.0%
5 5.1%
8 8.1%


1 1.0%


10 10.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
5 7.2%
34 49.3%
20 29.0%
11 15.9%
3 4.3%
1 1.4%
5 7.2%
4 5.8%
1 1.4%
3 4.3%
2 2.9%





4 5.8%
Erie
240 100.0%
10 4.2%
130 54.2%
76 31.7%
54 22.5%
38 15.8%
21 8.8%
17 7.1%
17 7.1%
4 1.7%
5 2.1%
3 1.3%
1 .4%
2 .8%
1 .4%

1 .4%
21 8.8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
1 2.4%
20 48.8%
6 14.6%
6 14.6%
1 2.4%
1 2.4%
6 14.6%
4 9.8%








12 29.3%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
12.  Do you feel there La anything the government can do to help
    improve Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No
Better rule enforcement
More restrictions on industry
More restrictions on chemicals
Fines for polluters
More laws
More education
Provide more funds
More clean up
More research
Continue current efforts
Less restrictions, enforcement
Economic incentives
International cooperation
Stock it better
Tax Canadians for pollution
Don ' t know
Total
483 100.0%
35 7.2%
204 42.2%
146 30.2%
78 16.1%
59 12.2%
40 8.3%
28 5.8%
30 6.2%
16 3.3%
5 1.0%
3 .6%
4 .8%
3 .6%
1 .2%
1 .2%

68 14.1%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
11 11.0%
41 41.0%
35 35.0%
18 18.0%
9 9.0%
3 3.0%
11 11.0%
3 3.0%
1 1.0%


2 2.0%

1 1.0%
1 1.0%

11 11.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
12 12.0%
34 34.0%
36 36.0%
11 11.0%
12 12.0%
5 5.0%
3 3 .0%
7 7.0%
4 4.0%

3 3.0%





11 11.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
7 2.8%
115 45.8%
67 26.7%
43 17.1%
35 13.9%
29 11.6%
13 5.2%
18 7.2%
8 3.2%
4 1.6%

2 .8%
3 1.2%



43 17.1%
Ontario
32 100.0%
5 15.6%
14 43.8%
8 25.0%
6 18.8%
3 9.4%
3 9.4%
1 3.1%
2 6.3%
3 9.4%
1 3.1%






3 9.4%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
13. Have you heard or read anything about an environmental research ship named
    the Lake Guardian?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Log book visitor
Total
449 100.0%
449 100.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
99 100.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
69 100.0%
Erie
240 100.0%
240 100.0%
Ontario
41 100.0%
41 100.0%
 Random Sample

Bases All respondents
Yes
No
Don't know
Total
483 100.0%
71 14.7%
395 81.8%
17 3.5%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
23 23.0%
72 72.0%
5 5.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
33 33.0%
65 65.0%
2 2.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
15 6.0%
227 90.4%
9 3.6%
Ontario
32 100.0%
31 96.9%
1 3.1%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



14. Can you recall where you heard about the research ship Lake Guardian?



 Log Book

Baset Heard of Lake Guardian
Local newspaper
Radio
Television
Word of mouth
Saw in area
School
Sault St. Marie Information
Booth
Personal Invitation
Through Sierra Club
Flyer in grocery store
Coast Guard
Mailer
Ohio Coastal Reserve Advisory
Council
County water district
Can't recall
Total
449 100.0%
145 32.3%
15 3.3%
38 8.5%
75 16.7%
145 32.3%
14 3.1%

1 .2%
2 .4%
3 .7%
1 .2%
1 .2%
1 .2%
1 .2%
1 .2%
6 1.3%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
46 46.5%
2 2.0%
8 8.1%
15 15.2%
25 25.3%
1 1.0%

1 1.0%

1 1.0%



Huron
69 100.0%
16 23.2%
10 14.5%
4 5.8%
16 23.2%
18 26.1%
3 4.3%


1 1.4%
1 1.4%



Erie
240 100.0%
56 23.3%
1 .4%
25 10.4%
38 15.8%
97 40.4%
10 4.2%


1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
6 2.5%
Ontario
41 100.0%
27 65.9%
2 4.9%
1 2.4%
6 14.6%
5 12.2%









-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
14. Can you recall where you heard about the research ship  Lake Guardian?
 Random Sample

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Local newspaper
Radio
Television
Word of mouth
Saw in area
School
Sault St. Marie Information
Booth
Personal Invitation
Through Sierra Club
Flyer in grocery store
Coast Guard
Mailer
Ohio Coastal Reserve Advisory
Council
County water district
Can't recall
Total
71 100.0%
27 38.0%
2 2.8%
14 19.7%
9 12.7%
15 21.1%
1 1.4%



2 2.8%






1 1.4%
Lake
Superior
23 100.0%
12 52.2%
1 4.3%
3 13.0%
2 8.7%
4 17.4%
1 4.3%











Huron
33 100.0%
12 36.4%

5 15.2%
3 9.1%
11 33.3%


•.

2 6.1%







Erie
15 100.0%
3 20.0%
1 6.7%
6 40.0%
4 26.7%












1 6.7%
Ontario



















-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



15. Are you aware that public tours are available on the Lake Guardian?



 Log Book

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Yes
Total
449 100.0%
449 100.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
99 100.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
69 100.0%
Erie
240 100.0%
240 100.0%
Ontario
41 100.0%
41 100.0%
 Random Sample

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Don't know
Total
71 100.0%
39 54.9%
30 42.3%
2 2.8%
Lake
Superior
23 100.0%
15 65.2%
7 30.4%
1 4.3%
Huron •
33 100.0%
21 63.6%
12 36.4%
Erie
15 100.0%
3 20.0%
11 73.3%
1 6.7%
Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



16. Have you,  personally, toured the Lake Guardian?



 Log Book

Baset Aware of public tours
No
Log book visitor
Total
445 100.0%
1 .2%
444 99.8%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
99 100.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
69 100.0%
Erie
238 100.0%
1 .4%
237 99.6%
Ontario
39 100.0%
39 100.0%
 Random Sample

Base: Aware of public tours
Yes
No
Total
39 100.0%
2 5.1%
37 94.9%
Lake
Superior
15 100.0%
1 6.7%
14 93.3%
Huron
21 100.0%
1 4.8
20 95.2%
Erie
3 100.0%
3 100.0%
Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



17. What was the main reason you toured the ship?



 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Interest in the ship itself
Interest in conservation,
environment
Educational experience
Curiosity
To take children
Went with family member
Went with a group
School field trip
Business related
No response
Total
448 100.0%
251 56.0%

192 42.9%
65 14.5%
40 8.9%
36 8.0%
21 4.7%
11 2.5%
7 1.6%
4 .9%
2 .4%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
56 56.6%

48 48.5%
6 6.1%
12 12.1%
9 9.1%
9 9.1%

2 2.0%


Huron
69 100.0%
36 52.2%

28 40.6%
6 8.7%
14 20.3%
9 13.0%
3 4.3%
5 7.2%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%

Erie
239 100.0%
146 61.1%

103 43.1%
33 13.8%
14 5.9%
16 6.7%
9 3.8%
5 2.1%
2 .8%
2 .8%
2 .8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
13 31.7%

13 31.7%
20 48.8%

2 4.9%

1 2.4%
2 4.9%
1 2.4%

 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Interest in the ship itself
Curiosity
Total
2 100.0%
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



18. Have any other members of your family toured the Lake Guardian?



 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Not sure
Total
448 100.0%
239 53.3%
208 46.4%
1 .2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
73 73.7%
26 26.3%
Huron
69 100.0%
51 73.9%
18 26.1%
Erie
239 100.0%
100 41.8%
139 58.2%
Ontario
41 100.0%
15 36.6%
25 61.0%
1 2.4%
 Random Sample

Baset Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Not sure
Total
39 100.0%
10 25.6%
28 71.8%
1 2.6%
Lake
Superior
15 100.0%
4 26.7%
11 73.3%
Huron
21 100.0%
5 23.8%
15 71.4%
1 4.8%
Erie
3 100.0%
1 33.3%
2 66.7%
Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



19.  What was the main reason your family member toured the ship?



 Log Book

Base: Family member toured
Lake Guardian
Interest in the ship itself
Went with family member
Interest in
conservation/environment
Educational experience
Curiosity
To take children
School field trip
Went with a group
Don't know
Total
239 100.0%
86 36.0%
76 31.8%
76 31.8%
25 10.5%
19 7.9%
15 6.3%
10 4.2%
9 3.8%
3 1.3%
Lake
Superior
73 100.0%
22 30.1%
31 42.5%
30 41.1%
5 6.8%
6 8.2%
4 5.5%
2 2.7%
1 1.4%
Huron
51 100.0%
15 29.4%
19 37.3%
4 7.8%
5 9.8%
6 11.8%
2 3.9%
5 9.8%
7 13.7%
1 2.0%
Erie
100 100.0%
45 45.0%
21 21.0%
39 39.0%
13 13.0%
7 7.0%
7 7.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
Ontario
15 100.0%
4 26.7%
5 33.3%
3 20.0%
2 13.3%
2 13.3%
2 13.3%
1 6.7%
 Random Sample

Base: Family member toured
Lake Guardian
School field trip
Educational experience
Went with family member
Total
10 100.0%
7 70.0%
2 20.0%
1 10.0%
Lake
Superior
4 100.0%
3 75.0%
1 25.0%
Huron
5 100.0%
4 80.0%
1 20.0%
Erie
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Ontario



-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
20. What impressed you most about the Lake Guardian tour?
 Log Book

Bae^; Toured Lake Guardian
The labs and their equipment
The work they are doing
The captain and crew
Other equipment on deck
The scientists on board
The size of the ship
The Rosette water sampler
Lakes coming back
Ship is non-polluting
Other
Base: Other
Living quarters
Knowledgeable guide
Hell organized, informative
Ship design, features
Total
448 100.0%
206 46.0%
163 36.4%
109 24.3%
62 13.8%
38 8.5%
22 4.9%
18 4.0%
14 3.1%
11 2.5%
49 10.9%
49 100.0%
18 36.7%
16 32.7%
9 18.4%
6 12.2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
49 49.5%
43 43.4%
28 28.3%
22 22.2%
5 5.1%
6 6.1%
1 1.0%
3 3.0%
12 12.1%
12 1CO.O%
2 16.7%
5 41.7%
4 33.3%
1 8.3%
Huron
69 100 0%
32 46.4%
23 33.3%
14 20.3%
8 11.6%
6 8.7%
4 5.8%
4 5.8%
1 1.4%
7 10.1%
7 100.0%
4 57.1%
2 28.6%
1 14.3%
Erie
239 100.0%
107 44.8%
85 35.6%
50 20.9%
28 11.7%
24 10.0%
12 5.0%
11 4.6%
9 3.8%
7 2.9%
28 11.7%
28 100.0%
11 39.3%
8 28.6%
5 17.9%
4 14.3%
Ontario
41 100.0%
18 43.9%
12 29.3%
17 41.5%
4 9.8%
3 7.3%
2 4.9%
5 12.2%
2 4.9%
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
20. What impressed you most about the Lake Guardian tour?



 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
The labs and their equipment
Lakes coming back
Total
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
21. Please tell me which of these activities  you recall  being presented during your tour?
 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Measuring water pollution
Conducting experiments
Measuring pollution in
sediments
Operating as a non-polluting
ship
Monitoring pollution hot spots
Training young scientists
Measuring pollution in fish
Measuring air pollution
Don't know
Total
448 100.0%
373 83.3%
344 76.8%

320 71.4%

301 67.2%
291 65.0%
240 53.6%
213 47.5%
124 27.7%
3 .7%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
87 87.9%
80 80.8%

73 73.7%

89 89.9%
65 65.7%
56 56.6%
48 48.5%
30 30.3%

Huron
69 100.0%
61 88.4%
60 87.0%

51 73.9%

52 75.4%
45 65.2%
48 69.6%
31 44.9%
12 17.4%

Erie
239 100.0%
205 85.8%
189 79.1%

180 75.3%

142 59.4%
165 69.0%
123 51.5%
122 51.0%
75 31.4%
1 .4%
Ontario
41 100.0%
20 48.8%
15 36.6%

16 39.0%

18 43.9%
16 39.0%
13 31.7%
12 29.3%
7 17.1%
2 4.9%
 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Monitoring pollution hot spots
Measuring water pollution
Measuring pollution in
sediments
Measuring pollution in fish
Measuring air pollution
Conducting experiments
Operating as a non-polluting
ship
Don't know
Total
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%

1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie



Ontario




-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
22. Did you have any questions that were not answered to your
    satisfaction during the tour?  What was your question?

 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No unaswered questions
How often in area
What did you find in the Lake,
Bay?
What can you do for Thunder
Bay?
Is ship non-polluting
What do you do with the
information?
How serious IS pollution,
cont aroinat ion?
More about boom on ship
Did not release test results
Is there a mystery corner on
lower corner of lake?
How is the water quality of
Lake Ontario?
Did not answer Data Program
How cope with long stays on
board
Total
448 100.0%
433 96.7%
2 .4%

2 .4%

2 .4%
1 .2%

1 .2%

1 .2%
1 .2%
1 .2%

1 .2%

1 .2%
1 .2%

1 .2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
98 99.0%







1 1.0%











Huron
69 100.0%
64 92.8%
1 1.4%

1 1.4%

2 2. .9%
1 1.4%













Erie
239 100.0%
233 97.5%
1 .4%

1 .4%






1 .4%
1 .4%





1 .4%

1 .4%
Ontario
41 100.0%
38 92.7%











1 2.4%

1 2.4%

1 2.4%



 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No unaswered questions
Total
2 100.0%
2 100.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
23. Did you receive a generai fact sheet and a self-guided tour
    brochure when you were aboard the Lake Guardian?

 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Not sure
Total
448 100.0%
398 88.8%
40 8.9%
10 2.2%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
90 90.9%
8 8.1%
1 1.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
58 84.1%
10 14.5%
1 1.4%
Erie
239 100.0%
214 89.5%
20 8.4%
5 2.1%
Ontario
41 100.0%
36 87.8%
2 4.9%
3 7.3%
 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Total
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
24. Here these helpful to you



 Log Book

Base: Received materials
Yes
No
Not sure
Total
399 100.0%
375 94.0%
11 2.8%
13 3.3%
Lake
Superior
90 100.0%
86 95.6%
4 4.4%
Huron
58 100.0%
55 94.8%
1 1.7%
2 3.4%
Erie
215 100.0%
202 94.0%
8 3.7%
5 2.3%
Ontario
36 100.0%
32 88.9%
2 5.6%
2 5.6%
 Random Sample

Base: Received materials
Yes
Total
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Lake
Superior

Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
25. What would have improved the fact sheet and self-guided tour
    brochures?

 Log Book

Base: Materials not helpful
Nothing
Don't know
Use laymen's terminology
Explaining hot spots
Too juvenile for adults
Total
28 100.0%
3 10.7%
21 75.0%
2 7.1%
1 3.6%
1 3.6%
Lake
Superior
4 100.0%
3 75.0%
1 25.0%
Huron
3 100.0%
2 66.7%
1 33.3%
Erie
16 100.0%
1 6.3%
14 87.5%
1 6.3%
Ontario
5 100.0%
2 40.0%
2 40.0%
1 20.0%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
26. Was there anything you did not like about your tour of
    the Lake Guardian?

Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No dislikes about tour
Wanted more time, information
Facilities inadequate for
group
Didn't see enough of ship
Ship staff
Long lines
Could not hear
No personal tour
Tour disorganized
Other
Total
448 100.0%
386 86.2%
18 4.0%

9 2.0%
6 1.3%
6 1.3%
6 1.3%
5 1.1%
5 1.1%
4 .9%
3 .7%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
81 81.8%
5 5.1%

1 1.0%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
4 4.0%
4 4.0%
1 1.0%


Huron
69 100.0%
53 76.8%
5 7.2%

5 7.2%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
2 2 .9%


1 1.4%

Erie
239 100.0%
219 91.6%
5 2.1%

3 1.3%
1 .4%
3 1.3%

1 .4%
2 .8%
3 1.3%
2 .8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
33 80.5%
3 7.3%


1 2.4%
1 2.4%


2 4.9%

1 2.4%
 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No dislikes about tour
Wanted more time, information
Total
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS



27. What day of the week and time were you aboard?



 Log Book

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Sunday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Monday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Tuesday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Don't recall
Wednesday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Thursday
Afternoon
Evening
Don't recall
Friday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Saturday
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Don't recall

Total
448 100.0%
23 5.1%
56 12.5%
3 .7%
1 .2%
22 4.9%
11 2.5%
2 .4%
32 7.1%
19 4.2%
1 .2%
2 .4%
41 9.2%
37 8.3%
17 3.8%
12 2.7%
1 .2%
4 .9%
11 2.5%
5 1.1%
38 8.5%
72 16.1%
2 .4%
36 8.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
20 20.2%
44 44.4%
1 1.0%
7 7.1%
1 1.0%
3 3.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%
8 8.1%
11 11.1%
2 2.0%
Huron
69 100.0%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
22 31.9%
19 27.5%
3 4.3%
3 4.3%
3 4.3%
2 2.9%
2 2.9%
2 2.9%
8 11.6%
Erie
239 100.0%
2 .8%
12 5.0%
1 .4%
1 .4%
12 5.0%
8 3.3%
2 .8%
9 3.8%
1 .4%
1 .4%
20 8.4%
20 8.4%
12 5.0%
8 3.3%
1 .4%
4 1.7%
7 2.9%
3 1.3%
30 12.6%
59 24.7%
2 .8%
24 10.0%
Ontario
41 100.0%
1 2.4%
2 4.9%
1 2.4%
15 36.6%
14 34.1%
1 2.4%
2 4.9%
1 2.4%
2 4.9%
2 4.9%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
27. What day of the week and time were you aboard?



 Random Sample

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Tuesday
Afternoon
Saturday
Afternoon
Total
2 100.0%
1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Lake
Superior
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Huron
1 100.0%
1 100.0%
Erie

Ontario


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
28. Can you recall who owns and operates the Lake Guardian?
 Log Book


Base: Aware of Lake Guardian
US EPA
Federal Government
Other government agencies
Private Industry
Other private groups
Coast Guard
Colleges Universities
Don't know
Total

448 100.0%
224 50.0%
42 9.4%
10 2.2%
7 1.6%
4 .9%
3 .7%
1 .2%
157 35.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
53 53.5%
8 8.1%
4 4.0%

3 3.0%
2 2.0%

29 29.3%
Huron
68 100.0%
26 38.2%
8 11.8%
3 4.4%




31 45/6%
Erie
240 100.0%
124 51.7%
22 9.2%
3 1.3%
7 2.9%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
81 33.8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
21 51.2%
4 9.8%





16 39.0%
 Random Sample

Base: Aware of Lake Guardian
US EPA
Federal Government
Other government agencies
Greenpeace
Colleges Universities
Don ' t know
Total
71 100.0%
5 7.0%
2 2.8%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
61 85.9%
Lake
Superior
23 100.0%
3 13.0%

1 4.3%
19 82.6%
Huron
33 100.0%
2 6.1%
2 6.1%
1 3.0%
1 3.0%
27 81.8%
Erie
15 100.0%


15 100.0%
Ontario





-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
29. Is it your impression that the Environmental Protection
    Agency is putting too much emphasis on Great Lakes
    environmental activities,  too little,  or about the right
    amount?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Too much emphasis
About right
Too little emphasis
No opinion
Total
449 100.0%
10 2.2%
240 53.5%
170 37.9%
29 6.5%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
4 4.0%
55 55.6%
35 35.4%
5 5.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
1 1.4%
32 46.4%
27 39.1%
9 13.0%
Erie
240 100.0%
5 2.1%
130 54.2%
93 38.8%
12 5.0%
Ontario
41 100.0%
23 56.1%
15 36.6%
3 7.3%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Too much emphasis
About right
Too little emphasis
No opinion
Total
483 100.0%
22 4.6%
171 35.4%
224 46.4%
66 13.7%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
8 8.0%
32 32.0%
46 46.0%
14 14.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
7 7.0%
40 40.0%
43 43.0%
10 10.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
7 2.8%
90 35.9%
116 46.2%
38 15.1%
Ontario
32 100.0%
9 28.1%
19 59.4%
4 12.5%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
30. IB your age.



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
25 & under
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 to 55
56 to 65
66 to 75
76 & over
Refused
Total
449 100.0%
60 13.4%
116 25.8%
120 26.7%
67 14.9%
43 9.6%
31 6.9%
5 1.1%
7 1.6%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
14 14.1%
26 26.3%
27 27.3%
15 15.2%
9 9.1%
7 7.1%
1 1.0%

Huron
69 100.0%
15 21.7%
20 29.0%
14 20.3%
10 14.5%
5 7.2%
3 4.3%
1 1.4%
1 1.4%
Erie
240 100.0%
29 12.1%
57 23.8%
69 28.8%
38 15.8%
22 9.2%
16 6.7%
3 1.3%
6 2.5%
Ontario
41 100.0%
2 4.9%
13 31.7%
10 24.4%
4 9.8%
7 17.1%
5 12.2%


 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
25 & under
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 to 55
56 to 65
66 to 75
76 & over
Refused
Total
483 100.0%
60 12.4%
110 22.8%
105 21.7%
56 11.6%
66 13.7%
55 11.4%
27 5.6%
4 .8%
Lai:-
Superior
100 100.0%
7 7.0%
18 18.0%
23 23.0%
10 10.0%
19 19.0%
17 17.0%
5 5.0%
1 1.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
10 10.0%
18 18.0%
11 11.0%
18 18.0%
18 18.0%
14 14.0%
11 11.0%

Erie
251 100.0%
36 14.3%
63 25.1%
62 24.7%
27 10.8%
27 10.8%
23 9.2%
10 4.0%
3 ' ".'.
Ontario
32 100.0%
7 21.9%
11 34.4%
9 28.1%
1 3.1%
2 6.3%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
31.  Including yourself, how many people currently live in your
     household?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more
Refused
Total
449 100.0%
66 14.7%
119 26.5%
87 19.4%
105 23.4%
40 8.9%
18 4.0%
1 .2%
5 1.1%
2 .4%
6 1.3%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
13 13.1%
32 32.3%
16 16.2%
23 23.2%
9 9.1%
5 5.1%

1 1.0%


Huron
69 100.0%
6 8.7%
18 26.1%
16 23.2%
17 24.6%
8 11.6%
3 4.3%
1 1.4%



Erie
240 100.0%
38 15.8%
59 24.6%
47 19.6%
60 25.0%
16 6.7%
9 3.8%

4 1.7%
2 .8%
5 2.1%
Ontario
41 100.0%
9 22.0%
10 24.4%
8 19.5%
5 12.2%
7 17.1%
1 2.4%



1 2.4%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more
Refused
Total
483 100.0%
83 17.2%
172 35.6%
68 14.1%
88 18.2%
39 8.1%
22 4.6%
5 1.0%
2 .4%
1 .2%
1 .2%
2 .4%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
13 13.0%
47 47.0%
13 13.0%
15 15.0%
8 8.0%
3 3.0%
1 1.0%




Huron
100 100.0%
21 21.0%
47 47.0%
10 10.0%
11 11.0%
7 7.0%
2 2.0%
1 1.0%
1 1.0%



Erie
251 100.0%
46 18.3%
66 26.3%
42 16.7%
56 22.3%
21 8.4%
13 5.2%
2 .8%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
2 .8%
Ontario
32 100.0%
3 9.4%
12 37.5%
3 9.4%
6 18.8%
3 9.4%
4 12.5%
1 3.1%





-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
32. How many are children under the age of 18?
 Log Book

Base: All respondents
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Refused
Total
449 100.0%
225 50.1%
80 17.8%
81 18.0%
40 8.9%
12 2.7%
1 .2%
2 .4%
1 .2%
7 1.6%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
54 54.5%
16 16.2%
19 19.2%
8 8.1%
1 1.0%

1 1.0%


Huron
69 100.0%
26 37.7%
19 27.5%
11 15.9%
12 17.4%
1 1.4%




Erie
240 100.0%
122 50.8%
41 17.1%
45 18.8%
14 5.8%
9 3.8%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
6 2.5%
Ontario
41 100.0%
23 56.1%
4 9.8%
6 14.6%
6 14.6%
1 2.4%



1 2.4%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Refused
Total
483 100.0%
292 60.5%
61 12.6%
70 14.5%
40 8.3%
13 2.7%
3 .6%
1 .2%

1 .2%
2 .4%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
64 64.0%
11 11.0%
13 13.0%
8 8.0%
4 4.0%





Huron
100 100.0%
71 71.0%
12 12.0%
8 8.0%
6 6.0%
3 3.0%





Erie
251 100.0%
140 55.8%
36 14.3%
43 17.1%
21 8.4%
5 2.0%
2 .8%
1 .4%

1 .4%
2 .8%
Ontario
32 100.0%
17 53.1%
2 6.3%
6 18.8%
5 15.6%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%





-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
33. IB anyone in your household a member of an environmental
    organization?   Which ones?

 Log Book

Base: All respondents
No, Don't know
Yes
Base: Named a group
Sierra Club
National Wildlife Federation
Audubon Society
Nature Conservancy
Greenpeace
Huron Environmental Activist
League
National Environmental Group
Local activist group
Other group
Total
449 100.0%
376 83.7%
73 16.3%
70 100.0%
14 20.0%
9 12.9%
12 17.1%
7 10.0%
8 11.4%
5 7.1%
13 18.6%
16 22.9%
6 8.6%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
88 88.9%
11 11.1%
11 100.0%
4 36.4%
1 9.1%
2 18.2%
1 9.1%
1 9.1%
1 9.1%
3 27.3%
2 18.2%
Huron
69 100.0%
57 82.6%
12 17.4%
11 100.0%

1 9.1%
3 27.3%
1 9.1%
5 45.5%
1 9.1%
1 9.1%
Erie
240 100.0%
197 82.1%
43 17.9%
41 100.0%
8 19.5%
6 14.6%
6 14.6%
4 9.8%
4 9.8%
8 19.5%
12 29.3%
4 9.8%
Ontario
41 100.0%
34 82.9%
7 17.1%
7 10O.O%
2 28.6%
1 14.3%
1 14.3%
2 28.6%
2 28.6%
3 42.9%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
33. IB anyone in your household a member of an environmental
    organization?   Which ones?

 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No, Don't know
Yes
Baset Named a group
Sierra Club
National Wildlife Federation
Audubon Society
Nature Conservancy
Greenpeace
Huron Environmental Activist
League
National Environmental Group
Local activist group
Other group
Total
483 100.0%
447 92.5%
36 7.5%
28 100.0%
3 10.7%
4 14.3%
3 10.7%
2 7.1%
6 21.4%
3 10.7%
5 17.9%
4 14.3%
1 3.6%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
97 97.0%
3 3.0%
2 100.0%



1 50.0%
1 50.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
88 88.0%
12 12.0%
11 100.0%
2 18.2%
3 27.3%
1 9.1%
2 18.2%
3 27.3%
2 18.2%
1 9.1%
Erie
251 100.0%
233 92.8%
18 7.2%
13 100.0%
1 7.7%
1 7.7%
2 15.4%
2 15.4%
3 23.1%
2 15.4%
1 7.7%
1 7.7%
Ontario
32 100.0%
29 90.6%
3 9.4%
2 100.0%


1 50.0%
1 50.0%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
34. What is the highest level of school you completed?
 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Up to llth grade
High school
Trade school
Some college
Four year degree
Graduate school
Refused
Total
449 100.0%
34 7.6%
114 25.4%
13 2.9%
100 22.3%
117 26.1%
62 13.8%
9 2.0%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
5 5.1%
22 22.2%
3 3.0%
22 22.2%
34 34.3%
13 13.1%
Huron
69 100.0%
7 10.1%
21 30.4%
2 2.9%
18 26.1%
6 8.7%
15 21.7%
Erie
240 100.0%
20 8.3%
59 24.6%
8 3.3%
52 21.7%
67 27.9%
28 11.7%
6 2.5%
Ontario
41 100.0%
2 4.9%
12 29.3%
8 19.5%
10 24.4%
6 14.6%
3 7.3%
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Up to llth grade
High school
Trade school
Some college
Four year degree
Graduate school
Refused
Total
483 100.0%
54 11.2%
194 40.2%
9 1.9%
103 21.3%
85 17.6%
33 6.8%
5 1.0%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
9 9.0%
38 38.0%
2 2.0%
16 16.0%
20 20.0%
14 14.0%
1 1.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
20 20.0%
43 43.0%
20 20.0%
15 15.0%
2 2.0%

Erie
251 100.0%
22 8.8%
100 39.8%
6 2.4%
58 23.1%
46 18.3%
15 6.0%
4 1.6%
Ontario
32 100.0%
3 9.4%
13 40.6%
1 3.1%
9 28.1%
4 12.5%
2 6.3%


-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
35. What is your occupation (Previous occupation if retired)



 Log Book

Base: All respondents
Not retired
Retired
Refused
Base: All respondents
Owner Manager
Service Hospitality
Clerical
Skilled trade
Unskilled trade
Professional sales
Military
Retail sales
Middle manager
Teacher
Farmer
Mining
Civil Service
Homemaker
Health care
Unemployed
Transportation
Student
Author Journalist Arts Music
Environmental job
Engineer
Scientist
Lawyer
Health Care Professional
City employed
Other Professional
No responds
Total
449 100.0%
375 83.5%
66 14.7%
6 1.8%
449 100.0%
20 4.5%
25 5.6%
27 6.0%
47 10.5%
32 7.1%
6 1.3%
2 .4%
18 4.0%
22 4.9%
35 7.8%
2 .4%
30 6.7%
45 10.0%
33 7.3%
9 2.0%
3 .7%
24 5.3%
12 2.7%
5 1.1%
20 4.5%
6 1.3%
2 .4%
4 .9%
2 .4%
4 .9%
14 3.1%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
87 87.9%
12 12.1%

99 100.0%
3 3.0%
6 6.1%
5 5.1%
14 14.1%
7 7.1%
1 1.0%
7 7.1%
5 5.1%
12 12.1%

6 6.1%
7 7.1%
9 9.1%
3 3.0%
1 1.0%
5 5.1%
1 1.0%
3 3.0%
3 3.0%

1 1.0%

Huron
69 100.0%
61 88.4%
8 11.6%

69 100.0%
3 4.3%
6 8.7%
4 5.8%
6 8.7%
5 7.2%
1 1.4%
4 5.8%
1 1.4%
4 5.8%
1 1.4%
6 8.7%
9 13.0%
8 11.6%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
2 2.9%
1 1.4%
2 2.9%
3 4.3%


Erie
240 100.0%
198 82.5%
36 15.0%
6 2.5%
240 100.0%
13 5.4%
12 5.0%
17 7.1%
21 8.8%
16 6.7%
4 1.7%
2 .8%
5 2.1%
14 5.8%
13 5.4%
1 .4%
17 7.1%
24 10.0%
15 6.3%
4 1.7%
1 .4%
14 5.8%
10 4.2%
4 1.7%
14 5.8%
3 1.3%
2 .8%
1 .4%
3 1.3%
10 4.2%
Ontario
41 100.0%
29 70.7%
10 24.4%
2 4.9%
41 100.0%
1 2.4%
1 2.4%
1 2.4%
6 14.6%
4 9.8%

2 4.9%
2 4.9%
6 14.6%

1 2.4%
5 12.2%
1 2.4%
3 7.3%

1 2.4%
1 2.4%
1 2.4%
1 2.4%
4 9.8%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
35. What La your occupation (Previous occupation if retired)
 Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Not retired
Retired
Refused
Base: All respondents
Owner Manager
Service Hospitality
Clerical
Skilled trade
Unskilled trade
Professional sales
Military
Retail sales
Middle manager
Teacher
Farmer
Mining
Civil Service
Homemaker
Health care
Unemployed
Transportation
Student
Author Journalist Arts Music
Engineer
Scientist
Lawyer
Health Care Professional
Other Professional
No response
Total
483 100.0%
375 77.6%
104 21.5%
4 .8%
483 100.0%
23 4.8%
28 5.8%
47 9.7%
53 11.0%
30 6.2%
8 1.7%
1 .2%
24 5.0%
21 4.3%
21 4.3%
4 .8%
1 .2%
28 5.8%
84 17.4%
38 7.9%
10 2.1%
3 .6%
20 4.1%
7 1.4%
9 1.9%
1 .2%
2 .4%
1 .2%
2 .4%
17 3.5%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
65 65.0%
33 33.0%
2 2.0%
100 100.0%
3 3.0%
4 4.0%
8 8.0%
9 9.0%
5 5.0%
3 3.0%
6 6.0%
5 5.0%
5 5.0%

1 1.0%
16 16.0%
14 14.0%
7 7.0%
1 1.0%
2 2.0%
3 3.0%
2 2.0%
2 2.0%

1 1.0%
3 3.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
75 75.0%
25 25.0%

100 100.0%
7 7.0%
8 8.0%
15 15.0%
8 8.0%
6 6.0%

1 1.0%
6 6.0%
1 1.0%
3 3.0%
27 27.0%
9 9.0%
1 1.0%
6 6.0%

1 1.0%
1 1.0%


Erie
251 100.0%
205 81.7%
44 17.5%
2 .8%
251 100.0%
9 3.6%
15 6.0%
21 8.4%
36 14.3%
15 6.0%
4 1.6%
16 6.4%
10 4.0%
14 5.6%
3 1.2%
9 3.6%
40 15.9%
22 8.8%
5 2.0%
1 .4%
7 2.8%
4 1.6%
5 2.0%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
1 .4%
11 4.4%
Ontario
32 100.0%
30 93.8%
2 6.3%

32 100.0%
4 12.5%
1 3.1%
3 9.4%

4 12.5%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%
2 6.3%


3 9.4%

3 9.4%
4 12.5%
1 3.1%
1 3.1%


3 9.4%

-------
                            1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
36.  Gender



 Log Book

Baset All respondents
Male
Female
Total
449 100.0%
227 50.6%
222 49.4%
Lake
Superior
99 100.0%
40 40.4%
59 59.6%
Huron
69 100.0%
29 42.0%
40 58.0%
Erie
240 100.0%
133 55.4%
107 44.6%
Ontario
41 100.0%
25 61.0%
16 39.0%
 Random Sample

Baset All respondents
Male
Female
Total
483 100.0%
j '1 35.4%
312 64.6%
Lake
Superior
100 100.0%
47 47.0%
53 53.0%
Huron
100 100.0%
29 29.0%
71 71.0%
Erie
251 100.0%
79 31.5%
172 68.5%
Ontario
32 100.0%
16 50.0%
16 50.0%

-------
2.  Special  Table



A  -  Perceived  Major  Problems

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
4a. What activities do you or your family do at the lake?

Base: All Respondents
Swimming
Fishing
Boating
Beach activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Water sports
Shore activities
None, never go there
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
29.6%
19.4%
19.4%
13.9%
10.2%
11.1%
2.8%
5.6%
3.7%
2.8%
1.9%
34.3%
1 to 2
213
42.3%
32.4%
38.5%
13.6%
14.6%
10.8%
7.5%
2.8%
1.9%
2.3%
.9%
13.1%
4 to 7
439
39.6%
32.3%
27.1%
14.6%
12.8%
13.7%
4.1%
3.6%
4.1%
3.4%
2.1%
15.3%
8 to 10
172
39.0%
28.5%
26.7%
15.7%
18.0%
12.2%
7.0%
2.9%
2.9%
2.3%
1.2%
13.4%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
5a. Where do you spend most of your time when you are at Lake 	?

Base: Spend time at a lake
In deep water-boating, sailing
or fishing
At the shoreline or on the
beaches
Away from the shoreline in a
park or on jogging trails
Perceived Major Problems
None
70
20.0%
70.0%
10.0%
1 to 2
185
28.1%
65.4%
6.5%
4 to 7
369
28.7%
63.7%
7.6%
8 to 10
148
23.0%
64.2%
12.8%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
6a. How would you rate the water quality in Lake

Base: All respondents
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
20.4%
49.1%
18.5%
2.8%
9.3%
1 to 2
213
17.8%
52.1%
21.1%
4.7%
4.2%
4 to 7
439
10.0%
39.9%
31.2%
13.9%
5.0%
8 to 10
172
5.2%
26.7%
43.0%
18.6%
6.4%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
7a. Over the past 10 years, would you say that the water quality
    of Lake 	 is improving, is it getting worse, or is it
    staying about the same?

Base: All respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
25.9%
44.4%
9.3%
20.4%
1 to 2
213
40.4%
34.3%
13.1%
12.2%
4 to 7
439
36.2%
28.0%
23.7%
12.1%
8 to 10
172
36.6%
22.7%
31.4%
9.3%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
8a. What do you think are the biggest problems concerning Lake
    water quality?

Base: All respondents
Contaminants pollution
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
Pesticides
People's behavior, attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological effects
Harm to wildlife, fish
Managing lake quality
There are no problems
Don't know
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
28.7%
.9%
2.8%
.9%
3.7%
5.6%

2.8%
1.9%

.9%

.9%


17.6%
44.4%
1 to 2
213
54.9%
8.9%
4.7%
4.2%
7.0%
4.2%
1.9%
2.8%
1.4%
.9%
.5%
1.9%
.9%
.5%
.9%
4.2%
20.7%
4 to 7
439
62.0%
8.4%
6.2%
5.9%
3.2%
3.2%
2.5%
1.4%
2.1%
2.3%
2.5%
1.8%
1.6%
1.4%
1.1%
.7%
14.8%
8 to 10
172
70.9%
6.4%
4.1%
6.4%
2.9%
3.5%
7.0%
3.5%
2.9%
2.9%
1.7%
1.2%
2.3%
.6%
.6%
.6%
7.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
9a. Who do you feel is responsible for monitoring the water
    quality of Lake 	

Base: All respondents
US Environmental Protection
Agency
State government
US Federal Government
Department of Natural
Resources
Local government
All of us
Industry
Environment Canada
Other government group
Non-government group
Don't know
Perceived Major Problems
None
108

15.7%
7.4%
9.3%
7.4%
11.1%
7.4%
1.9%
4.6%
2.8%
45.4%
1 to 2
213

17.8%
13.6%
10.3%
13.1%
7.0%
6.6%
2.3%
1.9%
3.3%
.9%
36.2%
4 to 7
439

26.0%
15.7%
12.3%
12.1%
8.9%
9.6%
4.8%
3.6%
3.6%
.5%
21.9%
8 to 10
172

26.2%
18.0%
12.8%
9.9%
12.8%
c-9%
:-.8%
4.1%
3.5%
.6%
16.9%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
lla. Do you feel there is anything you can do to help improve
     Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

Base: All respondents
No
Don't Know
Proper waste disposal
Increase public awareness
Recycle
Beach clean ups
Write to congressman
Join environmental group
More /better government
controls
Other personal action
More tax funds
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
42.6%
23.1%
17.6%
10.2%
5.6%
2.8%
1.9%
1.9%

5.6%


1 to 2
213
32.4%
17.4%
24.4%
12.7%
3.3%
8.0%
7.5%
.9%

2.3%
4.2%
.5%
4 to 7
439
23.0%
18.5%
24.4%
13.2%
8.4%
8.4%
7.3%
8.4%

4.6%
3.6%
.7%
8 to 10
172
15.7%
15.7%
31.4%
16.3%
12.8%
7.6%
10.5%
6.4%

4.7%
4.7%


-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
12a. Do you feel there is anything the government can do to help
     improve Lake 	 water quality?  What is that?

Base: All respondents
No
Don't know
Better rule enforcement
More restrictions on industry
More restrictions on chemicals
Fines for polluters
More laws
More education
Provide more funds
More clean up
More research
Continue current efforts
Less restrictions, enforcement
Economic incentives
International cooperation
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
16.7%
25.9%
26.9%
14.8%
2.8%
6.5%
.1.9%
7.4%
4.6%
1.9%

6.5%
2.8%

.9%
1 to 2
213
9.4%
14.1%
46.5%
24.4%
20.2%
8.5%
7.0%
4.7%
5.2%
3.3%
3.3%
2.3%
.9%
.5%

4 to 7
439
3.6%
9.3%
47.4%
32.6%
18.5%
15.0%
8.2%
9.1%
7.9%
2.3%
1.8%
.5%

.9%
.5%
8 to 10
172
2.3%
9.3%
46.5%
36.6%
21.5%
13.4%
12.8%
9.9%
10.5%
2.3%
1.7%
1.2%




-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
29a. Is it your impression that the Environmental Protection
     Agency is putting too much emphasis on Great Lakes
     environmental activities, too little,  or about the right
     amount?

Base: All respondents
Too much emphasis
About right
Too little emphasis
No opinion
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
15.7%
48.1%
16.7%
19.4%
1 to 2
213
2.8%
51.2%
33.8%
12.2%
4 to 7
439
1.8%
43.5%
46.7%
8.0%
8 to 10
172
.6%
34.3%
57.6%
7.6%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
30a. Is your age,

Base: All respondents
25 & under
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 to 55
56 to 65
66 to 75
76 & over
Refused
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
11.1%
16.7%
13.0%
17.6%
12.0%
14.8%
13.0%
1.9%
1 to 2
213
8.5%
25.4%
23.5%
11.7%
16.9%
8.9%
4.2%
.9%
4 to 7
439
15.9%
24.1%
26.9%
12.8%
9.3%
8.4%
1.6%
.9%
8 to 10
172
11.6%
27.9%
25.0%
13.4%
11.0%
8.1%
1.2%
1.7%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
3la.  Including yourself, how many people currently live in your
      household?

Base: All respondents
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more
Refused
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
26.9%
34.3%
15.7%
12.0%
3.7%
2.8%
1.9%
.9%

1.9%
1 to 2
213
13.6%
36.2%
16.0%
17.8%
8.9%
5.2%
.9%
.5%

.9%
4 to 7
439
13.9%
28.7%
17.3%
23.9%
8.9%
4.6%
.5%
1.1%
.2%
.7%
.2%
8 to 10
172
17.4%
29.7%
16.3%
21.5%
9.9%
3.5%



1.7%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
32a. How many are children under the age of 18?

Base: All respondents
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Refused
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
68.5%
12.0%
11.1%
2.8%
2.8%
.9%



1.9%
1 to 2
213
57.7%
13.6%
14.1%
9.4%
3.3%
.5%
.5%


.9%
4 to 7
439
52.6%
16.4%
18.0%
9.1%
2.5%
.5%
.5%
.2%

.2%
8 to 10
172
51.7%
15.7%
17.4%
9.9%
2.3%



.6%
2.3%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
33a.  Is anyone in your household a member of an environmental
     organization?  Which ones?

Base: All respondents
No, Don't know
Yes
Base: Member
Sierra Club
National Wildlife Federation
Audubon Society
Nature Conservancy
Greenpeace
Huron Environmental Activist
League
National Environmental Group
Local activist group
Other group
Can't recall name of group
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
96.3%
3.7%
4

50 . 0%

25.0%
25.0%
1 to 2
213
91.5%
8.5%
18

27.8%
22.2%
5.6%
11.1%
5.6%
11.1%
11.1%
5.6%
16.7%
4 to 7
439
87.9%
12.1%
53
15.1%
7.5%
13.2%
7.5%
13.2%
9.4%
13.2%
20.7%
9.4%
9.4%
8 to 10
172
80.2%
19.8%
34
26.5%
5.9%
11.8%
11.8%
14.7%
5.9%
23.5%
17.6%
2.9%
8.8%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
34a. What is the highest level of school you completed?


Base: All respondents
Up to llth grade
High school
Trade school
Some college
Four year degree
Graduate school
Refused
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
13.9%
34.3%
2.8%
13.0%
20.4%
11.1%
4.6%
1 to 2
213
8.0%
34.3%
.9%
23.0%
19.2%
12.7%
1.9%
4 to 7
439
9.3%
31.9%
3.0%
22.8%
23.7%
8.9%
.5%
8 to 10
172
8.7%
33.7%
2.3%
23.3%
20.3%
9.9%
1.7%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
35a. What is your occupation (Previous occupation if retired)

Base: All respondents
Not retired
Retired
Refused
Base: All respondents
Owner Manager
Service Hospitality
Clerical
Skilled trade
Unskilled trade
Professional sales
Military
Retail sales
Middle manager
Teacher
Fanner
Mining
Civil Service
Homemaker
Health care
Unemployed
Transport at ion
Student
Author Journalist Arts Music
Environmental job
Engineer
City employed
Scientist
Lawyer
Health Care Professional
Other Professional
No response
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
69.4%
27.8%
2.8%
108
1.9%
6.5%
4.6%
6.5%
6.5%
.9%

.9%
6.5%
4.6%


8.3%
26.9%
6.5%
2.8%

3.7%
.9%

7.4%

.9%



3.7%
1 to 2
213
77.9%
20.7%
1.4%
213
3.3%
5.2%
10.3%
12.2%
3.8%
1.9%
.5%
7.0%
4.7%
6.1%
.5%
.5%
4.7%
16.0%
8.5%
1.4%
.9%
1.9%
.9%
1.4%
2.3%
.5%

.9%
.5%
.9%
3.3%
4 to 7
439
82.7%
16.6%
.7%
439
5.5%
4.8%
7.1%
11.8%
8.9%
1.6%
.5%
4.6%
4.6%
5.5%
1.1%

6.6%
9.1%
7.3%
2.7%
.7%
5.9%
3.2%
.5%
2.1%
.2%
.9%
.2%
.2%
.9%
3.6%
8 to 10
172
84.9%
13.4%
1.7%
172
5.8%
8.1%
9.3%
8.7%
4.7%
1.2%

3.5%
3.5%
8.1%


5.8%
15.1%
8.1%
.6%
.6%
5.8%
1.2%

4.1%

1.2%
.6%
1.7%

2.3%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
36a.  Gender

Base: All respondents
Male
Female
Perceived Major Problems
None
108
29.6%
70.4%
1 to 2
213
45.5%
54.5%
4 to 7
439
44.0%
56.0%
8 to 10
172
44.2%
55.8%

-------
Health  Education Research,  Inc.—36

Question  19.  What  was the  main  reason your  family  member  toured
the ship?  (DO NOT READ LIST)

The ship itself remains the single most important reason that family members
toured Lake Guardian, according to log book visitors (36%). Interest in
environmental issues (31.8%),  and an expectation of educational experience are
also high on the list (10.5%).  The few random respondents indicate most of
their family members went aboard with a school  field trip (70%), or for the
educational experience (20%).

Interest in the ship itself and  interest in conservation/environment is
significantly (*) higher  for all respondents from  medium and  large
communities; school field  trips and other group  trips  are significantly (*)
higher for small community respondents (See  table 19b)
Question  20. What impressed you most about  the Lake Guardian tour?
(DO NOT  READ LIST)

Just as in the test results, the labs and their equipment are highest on the list
of things that made an impression on visitors to Lake Guardian. For the 1993
survey, based on responses from the test, "the work the scientists are doing"
was added to the pre-coded list of possible answers,  and that is second most
popular as an impressive aspect of the tour.  The captain and  crew rank third,
but the scientists on board  and the Rosette water sampler, again in the 1993
survey, were  much less impressive to visitors.  The Lake Guardian  being a non-
polluting ship was seldom mentioned.

Of the 10% who answered "other", when prompted to think about what might
have been interesting, the responses were highest for the crews'  living
quarters and  a knowledgeable guide;  also mentioned  favorably was the well
organized, informative nature of the tour and the  interesting features  of the
ship design.   There were fewer "don't knows" or refusals to answer in  the 1993
survey.

Visitors to Lake Guardian express in this  question, and  in the following one,
a clear preference for scientific, experimental  information  as  part of the tour.
This is true whether they come from small, medium  or large communities.  And
the size of the community  shows no differentiation  in the priority of what  is
most impressive about the Lake Guardian  tour:  It's the labs and equipment, the

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—37

 work being done, the captain and crew and other equipment on deck. (See table
 20b).
 Question  21.  Please  tell me  which  of  these  activities you recall
 being  presented during  your tour?  (READ  LIST)

 The excellent impression made on visitors to Lake Guardian can be seen in the
 very low "don't know" response (.7%) which is 9% lower than in the test
 results, and involves only 3 persons out of the hundreds questioned.

 Visitors' highest  recall (83.3%) is the measurement of water pollution; this is
 slightly higher than in the test results. Conducting experiments is almost as
 well remembered (76.8%),  as is measuring pollution  in sediments (71.4%) The
 next most remembered  activities  are operating  as a non-polluting ship (67.2%),
 and monitoring pollution hot spots (65%).

 Again, in the 1993 survey, as in the test results, there is a very low recall of
 measuring  air pollution (27.7%).

 The priority list  of activities recalled by all respondents, whether they live in
 small,  medium or large  communities,  is exactly as stated about visitors
 generally; however, there are significant (*) differences  in appreciation of two
 activities: I) small and medium size community residents ranked operating the
 Lake Guardian as a non-polluting  ship significantly higher than persons  from
 large communities;  2) residents of large and medium communities were
 significantly more impressed with the operation of measuring air pollution.
 (See table 2 Ib.)
Question  22. Did  you have any  questions that were not  answered to
your  satisfaction  during  the  tour?   What  was that  question?

An outstanding response again in the  1993 survey,  as in the test results, with
responses almost completely (97%) positive; the tour hosts and accompanying
informative materials are evidently doing the job.

The few questions unanswered were specific pollution  or general interest
queries  about the individual's "home" lake; i.e., "what can you do for Thunder

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—38

Bay?" or "how is the water quality of Lake Ontario"?
Question  23. Did you receive a  general  fact sheet  and a  self-guided
tour brochure when you  were aboard the  Lake  Guardian?

Although almost everyone (89%) says they did receive a fact sheet and tour
brochure, there remains in the  1993 survey, as in the test results, a small
group, about 10%, of persons who don't recall or say they did not receive
these materials.

That the materials were helpful is shown in the  next two  questions.
Question  24.  Were these  helpful to you?

Almost identical to the test results, the 1993 survey shows an outstandingly
positive (94%) response to the fact sheet and tour brochure.
Question  25. What would have  improved  the fact sheet and  self-
guided  tour  brochure?

For the few persons who thought there could be an improvement, most (85%)
did not know how to improve the materials, or thought nothing could be done.
The individuals who had a suggestion for improvement, differed from those in
the test results (explain testing better; use pictures) by asking for either use
of laymen's  terminology, or making it less juvenile, and explaining "hot spots".
Question  26.   Was there anything you did not  like  about your tour of
Lake  Guardian?   (IF YES)  What was  that?

Most responses (86.2%) were positive; they found nothing to dislike about the
tour, just as in the test results. For the persons who found something to
dislike, it was  principally a lack of time  and information  and these were
primarily persons from small  and medium sized communities. It may be
appropriate to consider some way to offer  persons  with a desire for detailed
information a less crowded time to tour the ship.

-------
 Health Education  Research,  Inc.—39
Question 27.  What day  of the week and time  were you aboard?

Week-ends are the most popular days; afternoon is the time most persons were
aboard.  Monday and Wednesday were the only days  in which evenings show
some attendance.
Question 28.  Can you  recall  who  owns  and operates the Lake
Guardian?  (DO NOT  READ)

A significantly (*) better job of conveying messages was shown in the 1993
survey.  Half (50%) of the visitors to Lake Guardian knew it was owned by the
US/EPA,  whereas in the test results only 32% could recall  this  fact.  There was
also a  significantly (*) improved drop in the "don't know" category, (35%),
from the test results (54%).  That the message was imparted to Lake Guardian
visitors can also be seen as a contrast to the responses given by random
respondents who for the most part (86%) did not know about ownership.
Question 29.   Is  it  your impression  that the  Environmental
Protection Agency  is  putting  too  much  emphasis on  Great Lakes
environmental activities,  too  little,  or  about  the  right  amount?

There is  a significant (*) difference between  Lake Guardian visitors  and
random respondents in almost all answers to this question, with a positive
effect on public opinion shown by those who signed the log book.  More than half
(53.5%)  of the Lake Guardian visitors think the emphasis is about right; a
surprisingly high (35.4%) response  in this regard was obtained from  random
respondents.

That the US/EPA  could increase  its Great Lakes environmental activities is
shown in the  response  about too little emphasis:  Lake Guardian visitors said it
was too little  (37.9%) as did random respondents (46.4%).  The  significantly (*)
lower percentage  of positive response from Lake Guardian visitors probably
indicates their satisfaction with the course of actions heard about during their
visit  aboard; they  may feel a great  deal is already being done.

Very few Lake Guardian visitors (6.5%) had no opinion about this subject,

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—40

whereas random respondents were significantly (*) higher (13.7%) in not
knowing where US/EPA might change its course of actions.

A very strong mandate for EPA to pursue environmental activities can be seen
in the significant (***) result when this question is looked at in terms of
respondents' perception of major problems (question 10).   When the question is
asked "is there too much  emphasis?" only persons who see no problems with
the lakes respond positively, (15.7%). There  is a dramatically dec-easing
positive response (down to .6%) to this question for persons whc .,ae from 1 up
to 10 major problems with the lakes.  There  is also a high  percentage  of
respondents who feel that the EPA emphasis  on Great Lakes environmental
activities is about right.   But for. respondents who said there is "too little
emphasis", there is a dramatic increase  in the percentage of those who wish
the EPA would to do more, as they perceive more (from 1 to 10) problems with
the lakes.   (See table 29a)

Lake Guardian visitors in small, medium and  large communities, are
significantly (*)  higher than random respondents  in believing that  the  emphasis
is about right on Great Lakes environmental activities.  None of the respondents
show a significant difference in their beliefs  that there is too much emphasis,
or too little, or have no opinion. But there are high percentages in  both the
Lake Guardian and random respondents, in all size communities,  for "too little
emphasis". (See table 29b)
Question   30.   These  final  questions  are  for classification  purposes
only.ls  your age	

Because the test results indicated that the visitors to Lake Guardian were
younger than expected, the age groupings were revised to give better detail.  As
a result, it can be shown  that the visitors to Lake Guardian are significantly
(**) younger, with a median age of 38, than random respondents, whose median
age is 43.

The younger population coming aboard Lake Guardian may be accounted for in
the next questions that focus on the size of the family, ages of children, etc.

There is a significant  (***) correlation  between age range and the perception
of respondents  about  the numbers of problems they see with the lakes
(question 10). The younger persons, principally those in the 26 to 45 years of

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—41

 age range are apparently more concerned about and perceive more
 environmental problems  The over-66 years-of-age group are inclined to think
 there are no problems or few problems. Respondents in the 46 to 65 years of
 age group are evenly represented in their perceptions  of the numbers of
 problems in the lakes-that is, they see all the categories from  none to 10 at
 about the same rate. (See table 30a)

 The Lake Guardian visitors came from all sized communities in about the same
 proportions,  with no significant differences in ages between small, medium or
 large towns and cities. (See table 30b)  There are few differences  between
 persons  called randomly, in terms of the size of community in which they live,
 from the Lake  Guardian visitors; the research was carefully structured to
 achieve such balance in the calling patterns.
 Question  31. Including yourself,  how many  people  currently live  in
 your  household?

 There  is a significant (*) difference between the  size of households, with
 visitors to Lake Guardian having larger families than those called randomly.
 The mean for Lake Guardian visitors is 3.1 persons per household; the mean for
 those called randomly is 2.9 persons  per household.

 A related significant difference shows up in the numbers of persons in the
 household: In the randomly called families, there are an unusually high (45.7%)
 percentage of two-person families in small communities, whereas in the
 medium and large communities and in all the Lake Guardian visitor samples
 there are just about half that number, approximately 25%.  There is a
 difference  in  the  numbers of four-person families (presumably two adults, two
 children) in the Lake Guardian visitor statistics, with many  more (29%) in large
 cities than in small communities (20.8%). (See table 31b)
Question  32. How many  are children  under the age  of 18?

There are children under the age of 18 in  almost half (49.9%) of the households
of Lake Guardian visitors; the mean is 3.1 children per household for households
that have children.

-------
Health  Education Research,  Inc.—42

The random respondents are less likely to have children under the age of 18
(39.5%); the mean is 2.1 children per household with children.

The presence of young children in their households may account for the
preponderance of younger persons visiting the Lake Guardian.
Question  33.  Is anyone  in your household a  member  of  an
environmental organization?  (IF YES) Which  ones?

There is a significant (*) difference between the Lake Guardian and random
respondents when it comes to membership in environmental organizations. The
Lake Guardian visitors were twice (16.3%) as like;y to indicate membership in
an environmental  organization than random respondents (7.5%). There is also a
significant (*) difference between Lake Guardian visitors  (83.7%) and random
respondents (92.5%) who said "no, don't know" whether someone  in the
household belongs to an environmental organization

Another difference to note is that Lake Guardian  visitors' memberships
indicate more personal involvement in environmental  activities:  for local
activist groups there are about twice  the memberships for Lake Guardian
visitors (22%) vs. (11.1%) for random respondents.  In addition, Lake Guardian
visitors indicate more membership in the Sierra Club (19.2%) than in such
groups as National Wildlife Federation (12.3%) or Greenpeace (11%).

The results overall are similar to those in the test survey, but there is a highly
significant difference in the response to the  question of  who in the household
belongs to an environmental organization, in  terms of how respondents see the
number of problems in their lake (question 10).  The more Droblems perceived
the larger the proportion who were members of an environ mental organization.

Only 3.7% of respondents who see no  problems indicate membership in an
environmental organization, but  19.8% of those who see  8 to 10 major problems
indicate membership in an  environmental organization. It may be that
perceptions of problems in the  lake leads to membership in special
organizations devoted to some  type of environmental subjects; conversely it
may be that membership in the organization leads to higher awareness of
problems in the lakes; these may be  reinforcing activities.

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—43

 were most likely to perceive problems with the lakes. The responses to this
 question point to members of national or local environmental groups.as a major
 public for the EPA's environmental activities with the Great Lakes.  (See table
 33a)

 The Lake Guardian visitor local activists  live in medium (31.6%) to large
 (27.2%) communities; those called randomly principally live in small
 communities (22.2%)  These are not statistically significant numbers, however,
 and a much larger sample of individuals would have to be queried to make valid
 comparisons about where activists live. (See table 33b)
Question  34.   What  is the highest level  of school you  completed?  Is
it (READ  LIST)

A significant  difference appears in the 1993 survey as it did in the test
results, with  visitors to  Lake Guardian much more  likely to  have  some college,
to have completed college, or to have been to graduate school (62.2%), vs.
random respondents (45.7%).  Additionally, more  random respondents stopped at
high school (40.2%), whereas few Lake Guardian visitors (25.4%)  did so.

College graduates among the Lake Guardian visitors are significantly (**) more
likely to live in medium (31.5%) to large communities (29.6%)  than in small
towns  (14.4%); but there is a larger group of graduate school respondents
(19.2%) in small towns, than in medium to large (11.7%) communities.  The
random respondents show a significant (**) difference  in terms  of college
graduates and those with some college education living in large cities (46.5%)
rather  than in small communities (36.2%). (See table 34b)

There  are significant differences in education by lake: Lake Guardian visitors
and random respondents from Superior are more  likely to  have  a college degree,
Erie ranks next.  The Lake Guardian visitors from  Huron  are highest on graduate
school; the random respondents from Superior have that ranking.
Question   35.   What is your occupation? (IF RETIRED) Retired from
doing  what?

As might be expected from the difference in ages between the Lake Guardian

-------
ftealth  Education  Research,  Inc.—44

visitors  and the  random respondents, there are significantly (*) fewer persons
not retired (83.5%) in the Lake Guardian visitors group, than in the random
respondents group (77.6%). There is a significant  difference (**) in the random
respondents in terms of retirement, with the highest (33%) from Superior, and
the lowest (6.3%) from Ontario.  There is  a significant (*) difference between
the two groups in terms of their  employment as scientists, engineers or in
environmental jobs: Lake Guardian visitors (6.9%) vs. random respondents
(2.1%).

That random respondents  have a  significantly (*) higher rate of "homemaker"
response (17.4%) vs. Lake Guardian visitors (10%) can be attributed to either
chance and/or the known effect that women are more likely to answer the
telephone and be willing to respond to a survey—plus the fact  that more males
were included in the Lake Guardian survey (see question 36.)

"Homemakers" were  the largest group to see "no problems" with their  lake
(question  10).  There is a significant (*) difference between persons who said
they are retired and those who are working:  Respondents who are working are
more  likely to see increasing numbers  of problems in their lake; retirees are
more  inclined to see no problems and fewer major problems in all categories.
(See table 35a )

The significant (*) difference between  the Lake Guardian retired persons who
live in small communities (16.8%) and those who live in large cities (9.9%) may
be accounted for by the fact that the largest number of persons who refused to
answer this question (3.7%) are in large cities. (See table 35b/log book).
Question  36. Gender

More males than females appear on the log book of visitors to Lake Guardian,
but slightly less (50.6%) than for the test results (54%).  There is a significant
difference between the number of male Lake Guardian visitors (50.6%) and the
random respondents (35.4%). As noted in question 35, women are more likely  to
answer the phone and to agree to be interviewed; therefore in future studies,  a
quota on male/female random respondents can be instituted  to  correct for this
phenomenon.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—45

There is a significant difference by lake for both log book and random
respondents for male/female response. The  Lake  Guardian visitors have the
highest female responses from Superior and Huron; the highest male response
from Ontario and Erie (*).  The random respondents have the highest female
response from Huron and Erie; the highest male response from Ontario and
Superior  (**).

A statistically significant difference (**) occurs between how male and
female respondents view the numbers of problems (question  10) in the  lakes.
Especially striking is the response that says  "no problems"  are perceived.
Females said they saw no problems (70.4%), far more than males (29.6%).
However, females are higher in  all categories of numbers of problems
perceived. There were more women interviewed overall. Therefore,  all  problem
groups are expected to have more women.  Women are,  however, under-
 represented in the log book interviews for large cities.  (See tables  36a and
36b)

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—46
    TEACHER/STUDENT SURVEY
A.   Introduction

A major target audience of the EPA's Lake Guardian program are teachers and
students.  For school children, a  24-page book, "Great Minds? Great Lakes," was
developed to supplement a school's curriculum.  The activities  are purposefully
multi-disciplinary so they can be used during various studies - science, social
studies, geography, history.  There is a section in the book about Lake Guardian
and its relevance to water quality of the Great Lakes. Also, a 15-minute
videotape on the scientific  activities aboard  the Lake Guardian was produced to
be used as an introduction to the ship.  All of the materials were produced to
help educate children  as well as  their teachers The materials are part of an
extensive  EPA-produced educational program.

Educators are contacted by the Office  of Public Affairs, to alert them to the
possibility of a tour of the  ship when  it is near their location.   The Public
Affairs officer schedules tours for educators on a first-come, first-served
basis, space and time permitting.
The 1993 educator and student survey brought responses from 52 teachers in
the United States,  and 1089 students from first grade through college.
The I992 survey included a  mailing to 38 educators in Canada and the U.S  -'ight
teachers and 140 students responded.

The packets for both 1992  and 1993 included a letter directed to educators
regarding a  three-part survey:
      1. A Teacher's Evaluation Form— in which teachers tell EPA whether  the
materials and tour were appropriate learning experiences;
      2. A Student Review-handout quizzes for students who toured  the Lake
Guardian.  The quiz was described to teachers as an opportunity for them to
find out whether students learned, what they retained, what more the teacher
might be able to impart to  students, and whether it was an enjoyable
experience;
      3  Return materials—consisting of a Student Summary and a postpaid
return envelope. The  return mailing was designed so that teachers could hand
out the student quizzes, grade them and after filling out the summary form,

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—47

 out the summary, they could place all the student quizzes in the envelope,
 together with their own evaluation form and the final tally would be done by
 the research firm.

 Based on findings from the 1992 study, the 1993 survey was designed so that
 teachers received  their research packets personally from the Public
 Information Officer.  Each teacher's name was on the packet; these were
 distributed to the teachers as they signed in aboard the Lake Guardian.  The
 packets were opened at that time, each item discussed with the teacher, and
 then the tour began.

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Several sets of tables are provided for analysis of teacher and student
 responses by grade level and  by grade groupings. These tables might be needed
 in future. Throughout the findings and the report on teacher/student responses
 to the U.S. EPA  program,  the level of significance will be shown  as in the
 telephone survey responses.  These special tables are helpful  in perceiving how
 teachers and students in various grade levels accepted  the materials and the
 tour.  Should the EPA decide in future to develop new classroom materials and
 projects, these tables will be helpful in analyzing grade level needs  and wants.
B.  KEY FINDINGS

EDUCATORS
1. Who are the educators; what class levels were there?

Most of the teachers were from the elementary grades; principally from fourth
to sixth grades.  However, there were class grade levels ranging from first
grade through college.  The size of the classes ranged from 21  to 30 students.
A special set of tables is included showing analysis of teacher responses by
grade levels.  These will be useful in analyzing grade level programs and
materials for the future.

2. How did they get to the Lake Guardian?

Teachers credited the EPA as the contact for the tour. Actually,  the public

-------
Kfealth Education  Research,  Inc.—48

information office contacted  the curriculum directors initially to  obtain
teacher's  names.
More than half of the teachers had never before been on an environmental trip.

3. How did they grade the "pre-visit" materials?

Grades were  excellent, with an "A "for "Great  Minds?  Great  Lakes" from the
majority of teachers.  Very few had the videotape pre-visit.  The lower  grade
level teachers were most responsive to "Great Minds"; the higher grade
teachers were less likely to give it a high mark.   For those who  received the
materials  in time for pre-visit use, class work was done using the materials,
and teachers plan to use the  materials in future lessons.  Low grades were
given primarily for not receiving the materials in time, problems viewing the
videotape, or a  perception that the  materials are not  age-level appropriate.

4. How educational materials  will be used; what else is needed?

Science classes  of all types are where  the materials will  be used.  Almost all
teachers want more  materials from the U.S. EPA: lists  of things to do to clean
up the Great Lakes,  telephone numbers to call for information; materials for
parents, and  more scientific projects.  A great variety of suggestions
are included in the tables and write-in comments.  There is a need for upper
grade level materials;  even college level materials.
     Teachers are in need of materials about environmental issues; they have
many types of classes in which to teach about the Great Lakes and other
environmental subjects.
     Teachers  want  more classroom materials, environmental clubs,  a  summer
camp,  visits from scientists or persons who can talk knowledgeably to
students;  charts, maps, etc.

5. What did teachers like or not like about the  Lake Guardian tour?

Teachers were very pleased with the tour,  the captain and crew,  the handout
materials, presentation of the deck  equipment, explanation of the laboratories
and presentation of the living  quarters.  But the videotape is a problem; it does
not arrive pre-visit; it  is hard  to see at ship-side, it is too mature for young
students.
     Teachers gave  "A" grades for much of the presentation of facts; but there
were some lower grades in the 1993 survey. The presentation on surface
runoff  received the best scores from higher grade teachers—above seventh.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—49

runoff received the best scores from higher grade teachers-above seventh.
Importance of proper disposal of trash was also better received at higher
grades;  and how students  and  their families can help is scored low by teachers
in third  grade and below,
     Low grades for the tour were very different in the 1993 survey.  The
teachers want more about  the mission of Lake Guardian.  They had some
complaints about subjects not being covered (how students and their families
can help, importance of Great Lakes),  But in general they seemed pleased with
the materials  and  visit.
Key findings:  STUDENTS

1 .Who are the students?

All students were from the U.S. They were from twice the number of school
locations asl 992. There was a tenfold increase in numbers of students
responding-108 9 toured the Lake Guardian with a teacher, They were from
first grade to college students.

2. What did they like or not like about their Lake Guardian trip?

"Great!" ratings went up to over 50% in the 1993 survey.  The "boring"
response dropped, as did the "no response". The largest group of students,
from first to ninth grade were  most enthusiastic.  The higher the grade, the
less enthusiasm.  Students rated the pilot house, the captain and crew and the
laboratories highest.

Telling their families about the trip was a major event for elementary grade
students; some 80% said they  took this information home. Even the higher
grade students  scored 50% on telling others about the trip, thus  extending the
public  information program significantly.

3. Did  they learn and retain information from  the trip?

The students again did very well on the true-false questions. Of the 12
questions, they  scored 80% or better on seven questions; they gave 60% to 79%
correct answers to four questions, and were "stumped" by the question  on
industry discharging  more pollution today-a false answer, which they gave as
true.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.--50

      A set of tables shows how the students did on these questions by grade
level.


C.  RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Teachers give U.S. EPA credit for contacting them for the trip; they are
grateful for the opportunity to tour and use new materials. The tone of
comments written by educators  to evaluate and offer suggestions for the
program's improvement appears  to  place teachers in a special category of
important publics for U.S. EPA and for environmental programs.   Teachers are
generally very much like the  profile  of visitors  to Lake Guardian, which makes
them a  special group for public information communications.

2. Special materials can be developed for teachers, to keep them in touch with
the Great Lakes program and to give them up-to-date information to use in
their  classes.   Newsletters, scientific bulletins, special programs for teachers
in  science teaching are particularly  likely to be used.  But even English classes
can be a focus of new materials to  be developed for writing contests.  There
are endless numbers of ideas to be developed for the schools, including
bibliographies  and computer information for college level  students.  Advisory
panels of educators can be helpful in devising new ideas and programs for the
U.S. EPA in whatever future developments they may undertake.

3 Provide special teaching materials for: industry's role in cleaning up the
Great Lakes; acid rain; the food chain as a system.  These were the questions
least  likely to  be answered correctly on the true/false quiz.  But all the
questions could use special teaching materials.

4. Contact teachers not only  through the curriculum director, but also through
their  professional journals and newsletters; hold meetings and  seminars  for
teachers at  all levels and for their special interests.

5. Provide more field trips, and  inservice training programs for  teachers.
Whatever U.S.  EPA can do to bolster the teacher's understanding of
environmental  issues and facts together with methods for teaching these to
students,  will  have immediate and far-reaching impact as students so trained
become the potential enlightened Lake  Guardian  visitor public for tomorrow. •

6. Provide as much take-home material as possible for students.  Not only does

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—51

 this give more activity for teachers and students, but greatly expands the
 impact of the U.S. EPA information programs.

 7. Re-do the videotape.  See the general recommendations section, page 14.
 Recommendation is to use the Captain of the Lake Guardian as host of the video;
 with cartoon-style educational materials. Verbatim comment from teacher,
 typical of  opinions about the Captain of the  Lake Guardian: He was SUPER: Has a
 great smile and  is wonderful  with  children.
SURVEY FINDINGS - Educator and  Student  Test  Results

TEACHER'S  EVALUATION


School Location

Responses were received from  52 teachers in schools in 16 cities.  No
Canadian schools were involved in the I993 survey.  The greatest numbers of
teachers came from Alpena; Sault St. Marie; Erie, Pa; and Oswego.  (See Table I)


Class  Grade  Level

In the  1993 survey, as in 1992, the grade levels ranged from first  grade
through college; however in 1993 there were 63.5% teachers reporting from
fourth  to sixth grades. Two teachers responded that they had multiple class
grades. (See Table 2)

Number  of Students in  Class

Class sizes in 1993 as in 1992, ranged from 15 to more than 30; more than half
the classes were in the 21-to-30 students range. (See Table 3 )  The teachers'
responses were tested to determine whether class size caused differences, but
apparently, class size, unlike grade levels which were also tested, did not
create  significant differences in  responses  from teachers.

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—52

How did you hear about the  opportunity to  visit Lake Guardian?

Responses in  1993 were similar to 1992  Over 40% received a letter from EPA;
another 28,8% heard about it from another teacher; and 23.1%  read about the
Lake Guardian in a newspaper article or some other publication,  Other sources
of information for teachers were: the school Principal,  Science Coordinator,  or
Elementary Curriculum Facilitator,  and EPA representative. (See Table 4)
The actual method of contacting teachers was for the US/EPA Public
Information Office- :o notify curriculum directors of the opportunity  to  visit
Lake Guardian; tr- curriculum directors in  turn notified  their teachers who, if
interested, could contact the Public Information Officer to set up an
appointment for a visit to Lake  Guardian.
Was  this  your  first environmental  field  trip?

The 1993 response showed that over half (51%) of the teachers had never before
taken an environmental field trip, unlike  the  1992 survey response, in which
75% of the teachers had  already participated in some previous experience of a
field trip.  (See Table 5 )
Please  grade  the pre-visit  materials you received from the US/EPA

The pre-visit materials in 1993 were primarily the books, "Great Minds? Great
Lakes" and the Atlas/Resource Book; the video was shown principally at the
tent where the Lake Guardian was docked

The grades from the teachers  in 1993  were excellent, just a bit lower overall
than in the previous survey,  "Great Minds? Great Lakes" an 'A1  (44.2%); a 'B*
grade (23.1%). Th- "Alias/Resource Book" was graded 'A' (15.4%) and 'B1
(11.5%); a very large "no response" (67.3%),  The videotape similarly had grades
of 'A1 (17.3%) and 4B' (13.5%), for the few who had the tape to preview. (See
Table 6 )

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—53


When looked at by grade level, the teacher responses show a significant
difference (***), with more than  half the lower grade level  teachers  giving
"Great Minds?" an 'A' while teachers at the tenth and upper grade levels rate
it an 'A* just 28.6%.  A grade of 'B* was given by the fourth through ninth grade
teachers.  The largest "no response"  was given the by the highest grade
teachers. (See Table 6-A)


Please tell  us the  reason for  any low grade

The low grades for 1992 were solely because the materials had not been
received  pre-visit.  The  1993 low grade explanations were also from not having
seen the materials (17.3%); and low grades for a problem with  viewing the
videotape (5.8%); not age-level appropriate (5.8%) and a variety of minor
problems. (See Table 7)


Concerning  the  pre-visit  materials

The responses to all of the questions were similar in 1993 to those received in
the 1992 survey:
•Materials were received in time for the tour, 78.8% yes
•Class work was done using the materials before the tour, 76.9%
•Only 38.5% said they could have used the materials earlier
•The grade level was said to be appropriate, 65.4%
•Teachers do plan to use the materials in future lessons, 75%.
(See Table 8)


In  which subject  area  will  you  use  these  materials?

Science classes are the big  winner in  1993. Whereas geography had been the
principal response in 1992,  only one teacher of the 1993 group  plans to use the
materials in  a future geography class, but it, too is linked with  science.  Other
science classes planned using EPA materials:   science and social  studies
(23.1%);  science (19.2%); science reading (3.8%); environmental  science (9.6%)
biology (3.8%) and science and history, chemistry, earth-space  science,
environmental unit on water, (1.9% each). (See Table 9)

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—54
The 1993 response is very similar to 1992:
•Almost all teachers want lists of things to do to help clean up the Great Lakes
(87%);
•Information for parents is next highest on teachers' agenda (63%)
•Telephone numbers to call for information is still high (56.5%)
•Government agency program explanation is somewhat lower (23.9%) than in
I992 (42.9%)
•Additional materials suggested  by teachers focus on scientific projects such
as samples of dead zebra mussels, a chart of the life-cycle of the mayfly, and
maps  of specific hot spots (1.9% each).
(See Table 10)


Do you have suggestions  for additional  or improved classroom
materials?

The suggestions were quite different in 1993, but the level of "no response"
remained high  (69.2%). The teachers suggested: grade-level appropriate
materials (11.5%); and hands-on  activities (5.8%).  A variety of other
suggestions from teachers are also listed (See Table  11).
Please  grade the  Lake  Guardian tour as  a learning experience for
your  class

There are significant (*) differences between 1993 and the previous survey in
the grades teachers gave various of the elements.
•There is a significant difference (*) between the  ratings from 1992 and  1993
about the amount of time spent on the Lake Guardian.  Shipboard time pleased
the 1993 teachers-56.5% gave it an 'A1 rating and 21.7% rated it 'B', whereas
the 1992 teachers gave the ship tour their biggest 'D' rating (40%).
•The 'A' rating for the presentation by the captain  went up to 84.1% in 1993; it
had been one of the highest scores in 1992 at 40%, but this jump in 'A' ratings
caused a significant difference (**) between the two surveys.
•The handout materials improved dramatically in 1993 with a 45.5% 'A'
whereas  there had been no 'A'  ratings in 1992; this is a significant difference
(***) between the two surveys.   No "not received" ratings showed up in 1992
only when 25% of the teachers indicated there had  been no on-board hand outs.

-------
 Health Education  Research,  Inc.—55


 Many elements of the tour show differences between 1992 and 1993:
 •The videotape shown on board is rated 'A' only 31.7% but gets a 'C' rating
 34.1% by the 1993 teachers; it had a 50% 'A1 rating in 1992;
 •The explanation  of the mission of the Lake Guardian is almost the same for
 both years, 'A' rating 67.4% for 1993 and 60% for 1992;
 •Presentation of the deck equipment is rated higher in  1993 with an 'A1 56.5%
 while it was only 20% in  1992.
 •Explanation of the laboratories was given a 45.7% 'A' rating in 1993, it had no
 'A' rating at all in 1992.
 •Presentation of living quarters was much higher on the 'A1 rating, 62.2% in
 1993 against 25% for 1992.
 (See Table  12)


 Please  grade  the presentation  of facts  about (six  items)

 Differences show  up throughout the responses to these presentations:
 • The sampling program was a 44.4% 'A' and 33.3%  'B' in 1993; it had only 'B'
 grades in 1992;
 •Surface runoff is rated 25% each  for 'A' and 'B'; 22.7% 'C' for 1993; it had
 only a 'B' rating in 1992;*
 •Industrial discharge is almost identical in ratings to "surface runoff";
 •Importance of proper disposal of trash and waste went down slightly  in 'A'
 ratings for  1993 (29.5%) from 1992 (33.3%) and down in 'B' ratings as well,
 from 67.7% in 1992 to 27.3% in 1993.*
 •Importance of the Great Lakes picked up higher ratings in the 'A' category
 46.7% in 1993, from 25% in 1992; but fewer 'B' ratings in 1993 (22.2%) vs.
 1992(75%).
 •How students and their families can help the Great Lakes environment
 received an 'A' rating of 26.2% in 1993 and not at all in 1992.*

 All of the facts presentations in 1993 received some low scores of 'C', 'D' and
 even 'F' whereas there had been nothing lower than 'B'  in 1992.  Lowest scores,
 'D' and 'F' ratings, went to surface  runoff, industrial discharge and how
 students and their families can help the Great Lakes environment.
 (See Table  13)

The three facts presentations marked with an * above all have significant
differences (***) when viewed  by grade level.  The differences are:

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—56
•The presentation on surface runoff received best scores from the higher
grade teachers: Seventh to ninth grade teachers gave it an 'A' 25%, and a 'B'
50%. Tenth grade and above teachers scored it an 'A' 28.6%, 'B' 14.3% and 'C'
57.1%.
First to third grade teachers also gave this presentation an 'A' 28.6%, but they
scored it an 'F' 57.1% (See Table 13-A).
•Importance of proper disposal of trash was clearly better for the higher
grades.  Seventh through ninth grades scored it an 'A' 50% and 'B' and 'C' 25%
each. Tenth grade and above scored it 'A' and 'B' 42.9%.  (See Table 13-B)
•How students and their families  can  help is also  more suited to grades from
four on up~'A' and 'B' and  'C' ratings  predominate in the fourth through sixth,
seventh to ninth, and tenth through college.  Teachers in first to third grades
score it low, even giving it an 'F' of 57.1%.
(See Table 13 -C)
Please  tell us  the reason  for any  low grades

The reasons given for low grades in 1993  by the teachers are quite different
from the 1992 reasons, which had focused on a poorly organized tour, with too
long a wait to get on board, followed by no guided tour and a need for more
post-visit  materials  and more time on  content.

The 1993 survey shows a great (76.9%) wish for a tour that tells of the
mission  rather than  the equipment  on board. The videotape is still a problem in
content and showing times. It is too mature for younger students (19.2%) and
it was hard to see and hear (9.6%) and  should be shown indoors on cold days
(7.7%); and there were several complaints that subjects  10-14 (surface runoff,
industrial discharge, proper disposal of waste,  importance of Great Lakes, and
how students and families can help Great Lakes) were not covered. There were
many reasons given  (See Table 14), all of which can be seen as good
suggestions, rather than criticisms, for future  improvements.
Should  EPA  provide any of the  following  for your  students  to learn
more about  the  Great  Lakes and pollution  control?

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—57

 Suggestions for science projects heads the wish list (61.5%) for the 1993
 survey of teachers, and like the 1992 survey, it is followed by additional
 classroom materials (48.1%) and then information  on how to form
 environmental clubs (46.2%). The "no response" was only half (25%) the size in
 1993 that it was in 1992 (50%); a further indication of the interest of teachers
 in EPA  materials.

 A dozen "other" interesting suggestions offered by the  teachers, provide
 further  potential for the EPA's educational programs in future.  These include:
 a summer camp dealing with EPA issues  for interested students; visits by
 science staff to individual classrooms; samples of biological pollutants;  and
 maritime charts  for social studies enrichment. (See Table 15)
VERBATIM  WRITE-IN  COMMENTS

Most of the verbatim write-in comments have been coded and appear in the
tables.  However, some of the verbatim comments are excerpted here as being
particularly helpful to educator-consultants who may be expected in future to
provide further curricular developments for EPA educational programming.

•Great! Well done! Thank you! Hope the program continues! (From many teachers)
•The  National Geographic video coordinates well with the booklet "Great
Lakes" (several teachers mentioned this)
•It would be interesting to know where the "hot spot" locations are
•Would like to have flash cards or posters  of plants and animals in the Great
Lakes food chain
•The lower grades need much more by way of materials designed for them;
perhaps you need an elementary grade teacher/consultant
•We did  the quiz right after the trip and students did well; for some of them
this was  the third or fourth time aboard Lake Guardian (4th grade teacher)
•My class really enjoyed the tour. We have talked about our pollution problems.
this tour really helped.  Most of my class thought it was great!
•Presentation of facts about the program were not dealt with enough on the
tour. We need to know more about how we  can help.  And what waste disposal is
happening in industry and elsewhere.
•A biology teacher requested that he be put on an EPA information mailing list;
also wishes to receive further notice of Lake Guardian visits,  especially a
working tour. (The name and address are being given to the Public Information
Officer)

-------
H'ealth Education  Research,  Inc.—58

•A 9th grade science teacher (whose name and address are being given to the
PIO at EPA) requests the video and other booklets and resource materials which
they did not receive. Had  some difficulty in scheduling the tour; it was  "last
minute" but interesting and informative.
•Tour  directors were pleasant, but apparently not knowledgeable of ongoing
research.
•Apparently my students (5/6 grade) missed the point about industry
discharging  less pollution today than in  the past.
•First  grade teachers' comments: Make  it more simple and understandable for
children.
•The Captain was SUPER—had a great smile and  was wonderful  with the
children.
•Be sure to include  activities and information about a few things children can
do in school and at home to keep water clean.  A booklet similar to "Great
Minds, Great Lakes"  with environmental activities would be SUPER!
•Would help to include actual testing so students could see the reality of what
the equipment is  in the ship for.
•Forming environmental clubs is a great idea!
•The environmental section of "Great Minds"  could be geared to upper grade
levels.
•Try not to schedule tours  at the beginning of the semester; no time to prepare.
•Workshops for teachers so they are familiar with the materials and how to
use them  effectively
•Have classroom presentations  live; and  audio-visual
•Giving the handout  materials at the beginning of the tour distracted the
students; they made  planes and balls out of them.
•It was great to show the students the video first.
•Will the ship tour again? We toured the wastewater treatment plant, the
water plant and the  ship.
•Needed: A follow-up video with role playing ideas for lower grade students; a
follow-up study packet for  students and teachers; more activities
•Needed: Access to  computer network information for articles and papers about
environmental subjects.
•If the boat could be in port longer, perhaps the students could get involved
with labs and kitchen
•Students generally  liked the visit very much.  We were the last  school group of
the day and only had  about  ten minutes aboard ship because we had to return to
school for bus dismissal. Information was limited for us and therefore the
program's effectiveness is  not  reflected in our summaries.

-------
 Health Education  Research,  Inc.—59

 •A college professor notes: If possible some hands-on work would have been
 nice. Let students punch a few computer keys, etc. so many of my students did
 similar work in the lab it would have been a good experience. Too bad it was a
 short trip since my older students could have helped to do the sampling.etc.
 •A fifth grade teacher with three grade-5 classes provided an opportunity for
 all 71  students to write in on their answer sheets what impressed them most
 about their ship-board tour.  There is a wide range of sophistication  in the
 writing, but essentially the students followed the lists on their answer sheets.
 (Student comments available to EPA if needed)
STUDENT ANSWER  SUMMARY -  VISITING THE LAKE  GUARDIAN
School  Location

There were more than twice the number of school locations (11) in 1993 than
in 1992 (5).  But even more important was the tenfold increase in students
participating.  In 1993, there were over one thousand (1089) students, whereas
in the 1992 survey there had been just 140 students. (Table 1-S)
Class  Grade  Level

First through sixth graders comprised 78.4% of the students; 12.9% were in
seventh to ninth grades; and 4% in tenth through college. There is a significant
increase(***) in the  fourth to sixth grade students in 1993 (65.6%) from 1992
(7.9%) (Table 2-S)
How did you like  your visit  to the  Lake Guardian  research ship?

Students gave higher ratings to their visit in  1993: Great! ratings went up

-------
Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—60

significantly (**) from 37.9% in 1992 to 50.4% in  1993  The mid-level ratings
were about the same in both years, but the "boring" response dropped in 1993
to just 2.8% and the "no response" also dropped to  .6%. (See Table 3-S)

The largest group of students, in first to ninth grades, (521), were
significantly (***) the most enthusiastic about their visit to Lake Guardian,
rating it Great!  The tenth grade and above students gave the visit a "Good"
rating (59.2%), far more than "Great" (18.4%) or "Okay" (16.3%) (See Table 3-
Sa)

It was the students in first through fifth grades that gave the tour the highest
ratings; a drop-off occurs in fifth grade and above. (See Table 3-Saa)
What parts  of  the tour did you enjoy?

Students in the 1993 survey enjoyed the tour of Lake Guardian, giving several
aspects of the tour higher ratings than did the 1992 students.  In 1993, the
pilot house received the highest  rating  (68.4%) closely followed by just being
on a ship (64.5%). Talking to the captain and crew (51.7%), seeing the sleeping
quarters (40.8%), the equipment on deck (40.1%) and the laboratories (40.1%)
were also  popular.  Meeting the scientists (17.2%) and seeing the videotape
(15.2%) were lowest ranked, along  with the hand-out materials  (19.5%).  The
1992 students gave no ratings higher than 56.8%, for the equipment on deck.
They ranked lowest seeing the galley, sleeping quarters and the hand-out
materials.  (See Table 4-S)


Did you  tell your family about  what  you learned on the Lake
Guardian?

A higher percentage (80.7%) in 1993 said they told their families about the
Lake Guardian trip; it had been  70.7% in 1992. There was a very low "no
response"  in 1993 (.8%). (See Table  5-S)

It was the students in the elementary grades, 1  through 8, who told their
families about their trip and what they learned.  There is a big (**) drop-off
from the 80% levels down to the 50% levels, which is still very good, for the
9th grades and above. (See Table 5-Saa)

-------
 Health  Education  Research,  Inc.—61

 True or  False  Questions

 Of the 12 questions to be  answered true or false, eight are true, four are false.
 In comparing the results from both surveys, it appears that the 1992 students
 in general did just a bit better at getting correct answers. But with the
 exception of the question about "Lake Guardian shows that ships do not have to
 pollute", there are  no significant differences.

 Looked at by grade level, however, there are differences.
 Q.4. The Great Lakes are the largest supply of fresh water on earth, shows the
 highest scores (85.7%) at tenth grade and above (**) (See Table 6-Sa). While
 there is a fairly steady high rate of correct answers throughout the grade
 levels (80%) third, fourth and eighth grades are much lower (See Table 6-Saa).
 0.5. The Lake Guardian shows that ships do not have to pollute the water.
 Seventh to ninth grades (90.7%) and tenth and above (91.8%) are correct much
 more often  (**)  than the lower grade levels. (See Table 6-Sb and 6-Saa)
 Q. 6. The Great Lakes can clean themselves UP. The fourth to sixth and seventh
 to ninth graders did best (**) on correct  answers, but this seems to have  been
 a "stumper" with more incorrect answers (21.3%) than some other questions.
 (See Table 6-Sc) There is  a significant difference (*) between the two survey
 groups. The 1993 group had correct answers (81.1%) and incorrect (18.9%) vs.
 the 1992 group (10.7%) incorrect and (89.3%) correct. (See Table 6-S)
 Q.7. Trash thrown into the  lakes does not harm the fish. Oddly enough, the
 higher grade level students didn't get the fact this  was a  false question and
 they missed (***) it far more (20.4%) than did the  lower grade students, who
 did  quite well scoring upwards of 90%. (See Table 6-Sd and 6-Saa)
 Q. 8. The more  alaae there is in the  water, the better it is for the fish.
 This question, like Q.7, has as its correct answer a "false", and it,  too
 "stumped" the students (***) who gave a high rate of incorrect answers
 (35.9%).  First to third graders were most likely to  be incorrect (51.1%).
 Highest correct  answers were at the seventh to ninth (70%) and tenth grade and
 above (75.5%). (See Table  6-Se) The high score for  the lower grades appears to
 be due to the first grade, where most likely one teacher did a good job of
 explaining the correct answer; without that first grade the scores are about
even throughout (See Table 6-Saa)
 0.9. Acid rain comes from  burning  fossil fuels.  The correct, "true" answer to
this question came  principally from the higher grades(***): fourth  to sixth
 (71.8%),  seventh to ninth (70%) and tenth and above (85.7%).(See Table 6-Sf) As
in Q.8, the first and second grade teachers, with small numbers of students,

-------
Health Education  Research,  Inc.—62

appear to have done a special job of teaching the correct answers (See Table 6-
Saa)
Q. 10 Acid rain travels in the air for hundreds of miles. The tenth graders and
above answered this correctly (93.9%)(***).  The other grade levels fell to the
70% levels in  knowing the correct answer. (See Table 6-Sg and 6-Saa).
Q. 11. Toxic chemicals that got into the lakes years ago can be found today
when scientists study samples of lake bottom (sediment).  This question
stumped the older students for some reason.  They gave correct answers
(67.3%) for tenth grade and above,  (65%) for seventh to ninth(***).  The first to
third graders knew the right answer (93.5%) as did the fourth to sixth graders
(84.5%). (See Table 6-Sh and Table  6-Saa)
0.12. Fish in the Great Lakes do not suffer any ill  effects  from toxic chemicals
This false  question did not prove as difficult for the students as the others.
There was a lower overall  wrong answer score (12.1%).  Again, the lower grades
were the most likely to have the higher correct scores(***) in the over-80%
range, while the tenth grade and above scored much lower (69.4%). (See Table
6-Si and 6-Saa)
Q. 13. It is the job of the Lake Guardian to find out how much pollution is in
the waters of the Great Lakes. While all the students scored high on this
question, the tenth grade and above again had a lower correct rate (87.8%.) All
the other students scored in the 90% range correct.(**) (See Table  6-Sj and  6-
Saa)
Q. 14. Canada  and the United States of America are working together to protect
the Great  Lakes from pollution. On this question, tenth grade and above  had no
incorrect answers at all (*), scoring highest in correct answers (95.9%). But ail
of the students did well on this question. (See Table 6-Sk and 6-Saa)
Q. 15. Today,  industry discharges much more pollution into the Great Lakes
than it did in the oast.  The highest (49.4%) wrong answer rating (***) of all
the questions  was for this false answer "stumper". Correct scores were
highest (67.3%) for the tenth grade and above.  Lowest scoring (33.8%) were the
first to third graders. (See Table 6-SI and 6-Saa)

-------
IV  SURVEY FORMS AND TABLES

-------
A.Telephone  Survey  Forms

-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
Telephone  Survey -  Lake  Guardian

•LOG BOOK

-------
                             TELEPHONE SURVEY - LAKE GUARDIAN
TELEPHONE NUMBER:
                                                             TIME BEGUN:
                                                             TIME ENDED:
Sample    1[  ]  Random     2[X]  Log book

Port     3[ ] Detroit   4[ ] Buffalo   5 [ JOswego
                                                  7[  ]Erie, PA
Hello, my name is
                           from Health Education Research.  We are  conducting a survey
of people who have visited the research ship, Lake Guardian, and would like to include
your opinions. It will take only a few minutes.  First a few questions about Great Lakes
environmental issues.
5.
     Do you consider one of the Great
     Lakes to be your lake?  [IF YES]
     Which one?
     Why do you feel that Laxe f#l} is
     your lake?  [DO NOT READ]
     [MARK ALL RESPONSES]
     Which one of the Great Lakes do you
     live nearest to?  [READ LIST]
     What activities do you or your family
     do at the lake [LAKE #1]? [DO NOT
     READ LIST] [PROBE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES]
Where do you spend most of your time
when you are at Lake  fill?  Would you
be...  [READ LIST]
No/Don' t know [ SKIP TO #3 ]	1
Yes:
    Lake Superior	2
    Lake Huron	3
    Lake Michigan	4
    Lake Erie	5
    Lake Ontario	6

Closest to us [ SKIP TO #4 ]	1
Grew up there	2
Fishing	3
Swimming	4
Boating	5
Family Outings	6
Beauty	7
Drinking water	9
Other	

Lake Superior	1
Lake Huron	2
Lake Michigan	3
Lake Erie	4
Lake Ontario	5

Walking/Jogging	1
Fishing	2
Swimming	3
Boating	4
Camping	5
Skiing	6
Beach activities	7
Family Outings	8
Other	
None, never go there [SKIP TO #6B]..9

In deep water - boating, sailing or
 fishing	1
At the shoreline or on the beaches..2
Away from the shoreline in a park
 or on jogging trails	3
Other	

-------
6A.
6B.
10.
From what you have seen at Lake \#1\
when you are f see £51. how would you
rate the water quality in Lake f£11?
Would you say it is Excellent, Good,
Fair or Poor? [NOW GO TO #7]

From what you have heard about Lake
f fi_\, how would you rate the water
quality near the shoreline?  Would
you say it is Excellent, Good, Fair
or Poor?

Over the past ten years, would you
say that the water quality of Lake
f/11 is improving, is it getting
worse, or is it staying about the
same?

What do you think are the biggest  ..
problems concerning Lake [£11 water
quality?  [DO NOT READ LIST] [MARK
ALL RESPONSES]
f Answers for 6A and 6B1
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
                                                                               1
                                                                               2
                                                                               3
                                                                               4
                                           [No Opinion, Don't Know] ............ 0
                                                Improving ........................... 1
                                                About the same ...................... 2
                                                Getting worse ....................... 3
                                                [Don't know] ....................... 0
     Who do you feel is responsible for
     monitoring the water quality of Lake
     l£ll?[DO NOT READ LIST]
          [MARK ALL RESPONSES]
                                           Contaminants/pollution	1
                                           Zebra Mussels	2
                                           Dirty beaches	3
                                           Acid Rain	4
                                           Paper mills	5
                                           Pesticides	6
                                           Oil Spills	7
                                           Ship traffic	8
                                           There are no problems	9
                                           Other	
                                           [ Don' t know ]	0

                                           Local government	1
                                           State government	2
                                           US Environmental Protection Agency..3
                                           Department of Natural Resources	4
                                           US Federal government	5
                                           Environment Canada	6
                                           Other	. 7
                                           [ Don' t know ]	0

Now I'm going to read you a few things that some people believe are problems.  Other
people believe these are not problems.  As I read each one, please tell me whether
you consider it to be a major problem, a minor problem, or not a problem at all.
[ROTATE FROM MARKED ITEM]
     [  ]A.  Acid rain

     [  ]B.  Prol-Jtion in the bottom mud below the water

     [  ]C.  Chemicals washing into the lake from farms

     [  ]D.  Chemicals washing into the lake from cities

     [  ]E.  Industries dumping chemicals in Lake r*n

     [  ]F.  PCBs in Lake

     [  ]G.  DDT in Lake

     [  ]H.  Exotic species like the Zebra Mussels

     [  ]I.  Lake f/11 fish unsafe to eat

     [  ]J.  Lake f/11 unsafe for swimming
MAJOR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
MINOR
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NOT
AT ALL
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
DO1
KM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-------
11.
12.
Do you feel there is anything you can
do to help improve Lake [#\\ water
quality?  [IF YES]  What is that? [DO
NOT READ LIST]
Do you feel there is anything the
government can do to help improve
Lake fill water quality?  [IF YES]
What is that? [DO NOT READ LIST]
13.  [NO QUESTION 13]

14.  Can you recall where you heard about
     the research ship Lake Guardian?  Was
     it in a local newspaper, on the
     radio, or TV, or from someone else?
15.   [NO QUESTION 15]
No	1
Don' t know	2
Yes:
  Proper waste disposal	3
  Join environmental group	4
  Write to congressman	5
  Increase public awareness	6
  Beach clean ups	7
  Recycle	8
  More/better government controls...9
  Other	;	
  Don' t know	0

No	1
Don' t know	2
Yes:
  More restrictions on industry	3
  More restrictions on chemicals.... 4
  Better rule enforcement	5
  More laws	6
  Fines for polluters	7
  Provide more funds	8
  More education	9
  Other	
  Don' t know	0

[TOURED SHIP]	4

Local newspaper	1
Radio	2
Television	3
Word of mouth	4
Saw in area	5
Other	
[Don't know]	0

[TOURED SHIP]	3
16.   [NO QUESTION 16]
                                           [TOURED SHIP]	3
17.   What was the main reason you toured
     the ship? [DO NOT READ LIST]

     [IF CURIOSITY] About what?
                                           School field trip	1
                                           Went with a group	2
                                           Went with family member	3
                                           To take children	4
                                           Interest in conservation/environmnt.5
                                           Interest in the ship itself	6
                                           Educational experience	7
                                           Curiosity [PROBE]	8
                                           Other	
                                           Don't know/refused	0

-------
18.  Have any other members of your family      Yes	1
     toured the Lake Guardian?                  No [SKIP TO #20]	2
                                                Not sure [SKIP TO #20]	3

19.  What was the main reason your family       School field trip	1
     member toured the ship? [DO NOT READ       Went with a group	2
     LIST]                                      Went with family member	3
                                                To take children	4
                                                Interest in conservation/environmnt.5
                                                Interest in the ship itself	6
                                                Educational experience.	7
                                                Curiosity	8
                                                Other	
                                                Don't know/refused	0

[CHECK #16 - IF RESPONDENT TOURED SHIP, CONTINUE - IF NOT,  SKIP TO #28]

20.  What impressed you most about the          The size of the ship	[ ]
     Lake Guardian tour [DO NOT READ LIST]      The work they are doing	[ ]
                                                Ship is non-polluting	[ ]
                                                The Rosette water sampler	[ ]
                                                Other equipment on deck	[ ]
                                                The labs and their equipment	[ ]
                                                The captain and crew	[ ]
                                                The scientists on board	[ ]
                                                Other	
                                                [Refused, don't know]	0

21.  I'm going to read a list of                Monitoring pollution hot spots....
     activities conducted on the Lake           Measuring water pollution	
     Guardian.  Please tell me which of         Measuring pollution in sediments..
     them you recall being presented            Measuring pollution in fish	
     during your tour. [READ LIST]              Measuring air pollution	
                                                Conducting experiments	
                                                Training young scientists	  ]
                                                Operating as a non-polluting ship..  ]
                                                [Refused, don't know]	0

22.  Did you have any questions that were not answered to your satisfaction during the
     tour?  Can you tell me what your question was?

                                                No unanswered questions	1
23.  Did you receive a general fact sheet
     and a aeIf-guided tour brochure when
     you were aboard the Lake Guardian?

24.  Were these helpful to you?
Yes	1
No [SKIP TO #26]	2
Not sure [SKIP TO #26]	3

Yes [SKIP TO #26]	1
No	2
Not sure	3
25.  What would have improved the fact sheet and self-guided tour brochures?

     Nothing	1           Don't know	2
26.  Was there anything you did not like
     about your tour of the Lake Guardian?
     [IF YES] What was that?
No dislikes about tour	1
Long lines	2
Could not hear	3
Video tape too long	4
No personal tour	5
Other	

-------
 27.
 28.
What day  of  the  week and time of day
were you  aboard?
Can you  recall who  owns  and operates
the Lake Guardian?  [DO NOT READ]
 29.
 IB  it your  impression that the
 Environmental  Protection Agency  is
 putting too much emphasis on Great
 Lakes environmental  activities,  top.
 little, or  about the right amount?
 30.
These  final  questions  are  for
classification  purposes only.
your age  [READ  CHOICES]
                                     is
 31.
 32.
 33.
Including yourself, how many people
currently live  in your household?

How many are children under the age
of 18?

Is anyone in your household a member
of an environmental organization [IF
YES]  Which ones?
34.
What is the highest level of school
you completed?  Is it  [READ LIST]
35.
What is your occupation? [IF RETIRED]
Retired from doing what?
36.  Sex of respondent
Thank you for your help with this study.
make?
S
1
M
2
T
3
W
4
T
5
F
6
S
7
1[ ]Morning  2[ ]Afternoon   3[  ]Evening

US EPA	1
Environment Canada	2
Federal government	3
Coast Guard	4
Greenpeace	5
Colleges/Universities.	6
Private Industry	7
Other	
Don' t know	0

Too much emphasis	1
About right	2
Too little emphasis	3
[Don't know/Refused]	0


25 and under	1
26 to 35	2
36 to 45	3
46 to 55	4
56 to 65	5
66 to 75	6
76 and over	7
[Refused]	0
Number in household is:
Number of children is:
                                                                                    .1
                                                                                    .2
No/Don't know	
Yes	
Belong to/support:
   Sierra club	
   National Wildlife Federation..
   Audubon Society	
   Nature Conservancy	
   Greenpeace	
   Cousteau Society	
   World Wildlife Fund	
   Other	
   Can't recall	[  ]

Up to llth grade	1
High school	2
Trade school	3
Some college	4
Four year college degree	5
Graduate school	6
[Refused]	3
1[ ]Not retired
Type of work	
                                                                     2[  ]Retired
                                           Male	1
                                           Female	2

                                     Do you have any other comments you would  like to

-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
Telephone  Survey  -  Lake  Guardian

•RANDOM

-------
                             TELEPHONE SURVEY - LAKE GUARDIAN
TELEPHONE NUMBER:
                                                                  TIME BEGUN:
                                                                  TIME ENDED:
Sample    1[X] Random     2[ ]  Log book

Port     1[  ] Sault St Marie   2[  ] Alpena   3[ ] Detroit   4[  ] Buffalo    5  [  JOawego
Hello, my name is
                               from Health Education Research.  We are conducting a public
opinion survey concerning Great Lakes Environmental Issues, and would like to include the
opinions of your household.  It will take only a few minutes.
1.   Do you consider one of the Great
     Lakes to be vour lake?  [IF YES]
     Which one?
2.   Why do you feel that Lake
     your lake?  [DO NOT READ]
     [MARK ALL RESPONSES]
                                    is
3.
4.
     Which  one of the Great Lakes do you
     live nearest to?  [READ LIST]
    What  activities do you or your  family
    do at the  lake [LAKE #1]? (DO NOT
    READ  LIST]  [PROBE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES]
5.
    where do you  spend most  of your time
    when you are  at Lake  fill?  Would you
    be...   [READ  LIST]
No/Don't know  [SKIP TO #3]	1
Yes:
    Lake Superior	2
    Lake Huron	3
    Lake Michigan	4
    Lake Erie	5
    Lake Ontario	6

Closest to us  [SKIP TO #4]	1
Grew up there	2
Fishing	3
Swimming	4
Boating	5
Family Outings	6
Beauty	7
Drinking water	9
Other	

Lake Superior	1
Lake Huron	2
Lake Michigan	3
Lake Erie	4
Lake Ontario	5

Walking/Jogging	1
Fishing	2
Swimming	3
Boating	4
Camping	5
Skiing	6
Beach activities	7
Family Outings	8
Other	
None, never go there [SKIP TO *6B]..9

In deep water - boating, sailing or
 fishing	1
At the shoreline or on the beaches..2
Away from the shoreline in a park
 or on jogging trails	3
Other	

-------
6A.
6B.
10.
From what you have seen at Lake f*l.
when you are fsee £51. how would you
rate the water quality in Lake f^ll?
Would you say it is Excellent, Good,
Fair or Poor? [NOW GO TO #7]

From what you have heard about Lake
i£il, now would you rate the water
quality near the shoreline?  Would
you say it is Excellent, Good, Fair
or Poor?

Over the past ten years, would you
say that the water quality of Lake
f£ll is improving, is it getting
worse, or is it staying about the
same?

What do you think are the biggest.
problems concerning Lake f£11 water
quality?  [DO NOT READ LIST] [MARK
ALL RESPONSES]
                                           rAnswers for 6A and 6B1
                                           Excellent	1
                                           Good	2
                                           Fair	3
                                           Poor	 .4
                                           [No Opinion, Don't Know]	0
                                                Improving ........................... 1
                                                About the same ...................... 2
                                                Getting worse ....................... 3
                                                [Don't know] ....................... 0
                                           Contaminants /pollution .............. 1
                                           Zebra Mussels ....................... 2
                                           Dirty beaches ....................... 3
                                           Acid Rain ........................... 4
                                           Paper mills ......................... 5
                                           Pesticides .......................... 6
                                           Oil Spills .......................... 7
                                           Ship traffic ........................ 8
                                           There are no problems ........... .... 9
                                           Other _
                                           [Don ' t know] ......... . .............. 0

                                           Local government .................... 1
                                           State government .................... 2
                                           US Environmental Protection Agency.. 3
                                           Department of Natural Resources ..... 4
                                           US Federal government ............... 5
                                           Environment Canada .................. 6
                                           Other _ . 7
                                           [Don't know] ........................ 0

Now I'm going to read you a few things that some people believe are problems.  Other
people believe these are not problems.  As I read each one, please tell me whether
you consider it to be a major problem, a minor problem, or not a problem at all.
[ROTATE FROM MARKED ITEM]
                                                                           DON'T
                                                                           KNOW
     Who do you feel is responsible for
     monitoring the water quality of Lake
     1£H?[DO NOT READ LIST]
          [MARK ALL RESPONSES]
                                                                         NOT
                                                          MAJOR  MINOR  AT ALL
     [  ]A. Acid rain

     [  }&. Pollution in the bottom mud below the water

     I  ".,'   x«t,?als washing into the lake from farms

     [  ]£. Chemicals washing into the lake from cities

     [  ]E. Industries dumping chemicals in Lake

     [  ]F. PCBs in Lake

     [  ]G. DDT in Lake

     (  ]H. Exotic species like the Zebra Mussels

     [  ]I. Lake f/11 fish unsafe to eat

     [  ]<7. Lake f/11 unsafe for swimming
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-------
 11.
12.
13.
14.
Do you feel there is anything you can
do to help improve Lake f#11 water
quality?  [IF YES]  What is that? [DO
NOT READ LIST]
Do you feel there is anything the
government can do to help improve
Lake f#11 water quality?  [IF YES]
What is that? [DO NOT READ LIST]
Have you heard or read anything about
an environmental research ship named
the Lake Guardian?
Can you recall where you heard about
the research ship Lake Guardian?  Was
it in a local newspaper, on the
radio, or TV, or from someone else?
15.  Are you aware that public tours are
     available on the Lake Guardian?
16.  Have you, personally, toured the
     Lake Guardian?
17.   What was the main reason you toured
     the ship? [DO NOT READ LIST]

     [IF CURIOSITY]  About what?
 No	1
 Don' t  know	2
 Yes:
  Proper waste  disposal	3
  Join environmental  group	4
  Write to  congressman	5
  Increase  public  awareness	6
  Beach clean ups	7
  Recycle	8
  More/better government  controls...9
  Other	',	
  Don' t know	0

 No	1
 Don' t  know	2
 Yes:
  More restrictions on industry	3
  More restrictions on chemicals....4
  Better rule enforcement	5
  More laws	6
  Fines for polluters	7
  Provide more  funds	8
  More education	9
  Other	
  Don' t know	0

 Yes	1
 Yes, I toured it  [ASK  #14 THEN SKIP
                   TO #17]	2
 No [SKIP TO #29]	3
 Don't  know  [SKIP TO #29]	0

 Local  newspaper	1
 Radio	2
 Television	3
 Word of mouth	4
 Saw in area	S
 Other	
 [Don't know]	0

 Yes	1
 No [SKIP TO #28]	2
 Don't  know  [SKIP TO #28]	0

 Yes	1
 NO [SKIP TO #18]	2
 Don't  know  (SKIP TO #18]	0

 School field trip	1
 Went with a group	2
 Went with family member	3
 To take children	4
 Interest in conservation/environmnt.5
 Interest in the ship itself	6
Educational experience	7
Curiosity [PROBE]	8
Other	
Don't know/refused	0

-------
18.  Have any other members of your family      Yes	1
     toured the Lake Guardian?                  No [SKIP TO #20 ]	2
                                                Not sure (SKIP TO #20 ]	3

19.  What was the main reason your family       School field trip	1
     member toured the ship? [ DO NOT READ       Went with a group	2
     LIST]                                      Went with family member	3
                                                To take children	4
                                                Interest in conservation/environmnt.5
                                                Interest in the ship itself	6
                                                Educational experience	7
                                                Curiosity	8
                                                Other	
                                                Don't know/refused	0

[CHECK #16 - IF RESPONDENT TOURED SHIP, CONTINUE - IF NOT,  SKIP TO #28]

20.  What impressed you most about the          The size of the ship	  ]
     Lake Guardian tour [DO NOT READ LIST]      The work they are doing	  ]
                                                Ship is non-polluting	  j
                                                The Rosette water sampler	  ]
                                                Other equipment on deck	  ]
                                                The labs and their equipment	  ]
                                                The captain and crew	  j
                                                The scientists on board	  j
                                                Other	
                                                [Refused, don't know]	0

21.  I'm going to read a list of                Monitoring pollution hot spots....
     activities conducted on the Lake           Measuring water pollution	
     Guardian.  Please tell me which of         Measuring pollution in sediments..
     them you recall being presented            Measuring pollution in fish	
     during your tour. [READ LIST]              Measuring air pollution	
                                                Conducting experiments	
                                                Training young scientists	
                                                Operating as a non-polluting ship.
                                                [Refused, don't know]	0

22.  Did you have any questions that were not answered to your satisfaction during the
     tour?  Can you tell me what your question was?

                                                No unanswered questions	1
23.  Did you receive a general fact sheet
     and a self-guided tour brochure when
     you wera aboard the Lake Guardian?

24.  Wer? -rb,;..tG= helpful to you?
Yes	1
No (SKIP TO #26]	2
Not sure [SKIP TO #26]	3

Yes [SKIP TO #26]	1
No	2
Not sure	3
25.  What would have improved the fact sheet and self-guided tour brochures?

     Nothing	1           Don' t know	2
26.  Was there anything you did not like
     about your tour of the Lake Guardian?
     [IF YES] What was that?
No dislikes about tour	1
Long lines	2
Could not hear	3
Video tape too long	4
No personal tour	5
Other	

-------
 27.
 28.
 What day of the week and time of day
 were you aboard?
 Can you recall who owns and operates
 the Lake Guardian? [DO NOT READ]
 29.
 Is  it your impression that the
 Environmental Protection Agency is
 putting too much emphasis on Great
 Lakes environmental activities,  too
 little,  or about the right amount?
 30.
 These  final questions are for
 classification purposes only.
 your age [READ CHOICES]
                                     Is
 31.
32.
Including yourself,  how many people
currently live  in your  household?

How many  are  children under the age
of 18?
S
1
M
2
T
3
W
4
T
5
F
6
S
7
1[  ]Morning  2[  ]Afternoon    3[  ]Evening

US EPA	1
Environment Canada	2
Federal government	3
Coast Guard	4
Greenpeace	5
Colleges/Universities.	6
Private Industry	7
Other	
Don' t know	0

Too much emphasis	1
About right	2
Too little emphasis	3
[Don't know/Refused]	0


25 and under	1
26 to 35	2
36 to 45	3
46 to 55	4
56 to 65	5
66 to 75	6
76 and over	7
[Refused]	0
Number in household is:
Number of children is:
33.
Is anyone  in your  household a member
of an environmental  organization  [IF
YES]  Which ones?
34.
What is the highest level of school
you completed?  Is it  [READ LIST]
35.
What is your occupation? [IF RETIRED]
Retired from doing what?
36.  Sex of respondent
Thank you for your help with this study.
make?
No/Don't know	1
Yes	2
Belong to/support:
   Sierra club	[
   National Wildlife Federation....[
   Audubon Society	[
   Nature Conservancy	[
   Greenpeace	[
   Cousteau Society	[
   world Wildlife Fund	[
   Other	
                                                   Can't recall.
                                                                               I  I
                                                Up to llth grade	1
                                                High school	2
                                                Trade school	3
                                                Some college	4
                                                Four year college degree	5
                                                Graduate school	6
                                                [Refused]	0
                                                1[ ]Not retired
                                                Type of work	
                     2[ ]Retired
                                           Male	1
                                           Female	2

                                     Do you have any other comments you would like to

-------
B. Teacher/Student Survey  Forms

-------
                           Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                     HEALTH  EDUCATION  RESEARCH,  INC.

        101 S. Franklin St.                           Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
        Tampa, FL 33602                                Chicago, IL 60601
        (813) 251-3200  (fax/phone)                        (312) 263-2500
Dear Educator:

You and your class recently toured the Lake Guardian, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's  (EPA) largest research vessel.  EPA is glad you came
aboard.  EPA wants to be sure the materials you received/ and the tour of the
Lake Guardian were appropriately educational and useful.

That is why we are conducting a survey on behalf of the EPA.  This is a
confidential survey.  That is, all responses will be tabulated as a group, and
no individual responses will be shown at any time.

If there are things that need to be fixed or added to the teacher and student
materials, or on the tour, we will find out through this survey.  Your own
future class tours will benefit from your help, as will other teachers and
their students.

This survey has three parts:

1.  Teacher's Evaluation Form — This is where you tell us how and whether the
    materials and the tour were useful, and if it was an appropriate learning
    experience for your class.

2.  Student Review — These are hand-out quizzes for the students who toured
    the Lake Guardian with you.  It's actually a chance for you to see whether
    students retain what they learned; what more you might be able to teach
    them about Great Lakes and water quality; and whether it was an enjoyable
    experience for them.

3.  Return Materials — Consisting of a Student Summary and postpaid return
    envelope.  Here's how the return mailing works:

        * You may keep the student quizzes, grade them if you wish, and hand
        them back to the students.  If that's what you decide to do, please
        total the student's responses, fill out the Student Summary form and
        mail the Summary together with your Teacher's Evaluation form in the
        postpaid return envelope.

        * You may place all of the student quizzes, the Student Summary form
        and your Teacher's Evaluation form in the postpaid envelope.  The
        tally of student responses will be done by us.

We all appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you soon.

Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D.
Director, Health Education Research, Inc.

-------
                                                                  Expiia an 07/31/9S

     TEACHER'S EVALUATION — VISITING THE LAKE GUARDIAN


School location (City):	

Class grade level:	            Number of students in the class:	

How did you hear about the opportunity to visit the Lake Guardian?

    1   Q Received a letter from the Environmental Protection Agency
   2   Q Saw a newspaper article or other publication
   3   Q Heard about it from another teacher
   4   Q Other


Was this your first environmental field trip?          1  Q Yes       2  Q  No


Please grade the pre-visit materials you received from the US/EPA:

                                         A      fi      £      n       E
1 . Great Minds? Great Lakes 4
2. Great Lakes Atlas/Resource Book 4
3. Videotape 4
Please tell us the reasons for any low grades:




3
3
3





2
2
2

1
1
1





0
0
0


Did you receive these materials in time for your tour?
Did you do any class work with them before your tour?
Could you have used the materials earlier?
Are they appropriate for your grade level students?
Will you use the materials in future lessons?
In which subject area will you use these materials?
1
1
1
1
1

Q
Q
a
Q
Q

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

2
2
2
2
2

a
O
a
Q
Q

No
No
No
No
No







Should EPA provid? any additional take-home materials for your students? (PLEASE CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

   1  C  inJbnwuyjn for parents on environmental problems
   2  Q  Lssis of things to do to help clean up the Great Lakes
   3  Q  Lists of telephone numbers to call for information
   4  Q  Government agency program explanations
   5  Q  Other
Do you have any suggestions for additional or improved classroom materials?
                                            (OVER)

-------
 STUDENT REVIEW - VISITING THE LAKE GUARDIAN


  1.     How did you like your visit to the Lake Guardian research ship?

       1   Q  It was great!           3  Q It was okay
       2   Q  It was good           4  Q It was boring

 2.     What parts of the tour did you enjoy?

       I   Q  Being on a ship            6  Q   The sleeping quarters
       2   Q  The equipment on deck      7  Q   The Pilot House
       3   Q  The laboratories            8  Q   Talking to the captain and crew
       4   Q  The videotape              9  Q   Meeting the scientists
       5   Q  The galley and eating area    10  Q   The hand-out materials
 3.    Did you tell your family about what you learned on the Lake Guardian?

       1  Q  Yes                 2   Q  No

Please circle T for True or F for False:

 4.    The Great Lakes are the largest supply of fresh water on earth.                T     F

 5.    The Lake Guardian shows that ships do not have to pollute the water.          T     F

 6.    The Great Lakes can clean themselves up, especially if people stop adding      T     F
       new pollution to the water.

 7.    Trash thrown into the lakes does not harm the fish because it quickly           T     F
       breaks down into atoms.

 8.    The more algae there is in the water, the better it is for the fish.               T     F

 9.    Acid Rain comes from burning fossil fuels.                               T     F

10.    Add Rain travels inthe air for hundreds of miles before falling               T     F
       as rain or snow.

11.    Toxic chemicals that got into the lakes years ago can be found today when      T     F
       scientists study samples of lake bottom (sediment).

12.    Fish in the Great Lakes do not suffer any ill effects from toxic chemicals        T     F
       because they are at the bottom of the food chain.

13.    It is the job of the Lake Guardian to find out how much pollution is            T     F
       in the waters of the Great Lakes.

14.    Canada and the United States of America are working together to protect       T     F
       the Great Lakes from pollution.

IS.    Today, industry discharges much more pollution into the Great Lakes          T     F
       than it did  in the past

-------
STUDENT ANSWER SUMMARY — VISITING THE LAKE GUARDIAN


     1.     How did you like your visit to the Lake Guardian research ship?

          1  	   It was great!            3  	 It was okay
          2  	   It was good             4  	 It was boring

     2.     What parts of the tour did you enjoy?

          1  	   Being on a ship            6  	   The sleeping quarters
          2  	   The equipment on deck     7  	   The Pilot House
          3  	   The laboratories           8  	   Talking to the captain and crew
          4  	   The videotape             9  	   Meeting the scientists
          5  	   The galley and eating area    10  	   The hand-out materials
    3.    Did you tell your family about what you learned on the Lake Guardian?

          1  _  Yes                   2  _  No

   Please circle T for True or F for False:

    4.    The Great Lakes are the largest supply of fresh water on earth.

    5.    The Lake Guardian shows that ships do not have to pollute the water.

    6.    The Great Lakes can clean themselves up, especially if people stop adding
          new pollution to the water.

    7.    Trash thrown into the lakes does not harm the fish because it quickly
          breaks down into atoms.

    8.    The more algae there is in the water, the better it is for the fish.

    9.    Acid Rain comes from burning fossil fuels.

   10.    Acid Rain travels in the air for hundreds of miles before falling
          as rain or snow.

   11.    Toxic chemicals that got into the lakes years ago can be found today when
          scientists study samples of lake bottom (sediment).

   12.    Fish in the Great Lakes do not suffer any ill effects from toxic chemicals
          because they are at the bottom of the food chain.

   13.    It is the job of the Lake Guardian to find out how much pollution is
          in the waters of the Great Lakes.

   14.    Canada and the United States of America are working together to protect
          the Great Lakes from pollution.

   IS.    Today, industry discharges much more pollution into the Great Lakes
          than it did in the past.

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
15b. Are you aware that public tours are available on the Lake
     Guardian?

    Log Book

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Don't know
Small
125
100.0%
Medium
162
100.0%
Large
162
100.0%
    Random Sample

Base: Heard of Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Don't know
Small
56
64.3%
33.9%
1.8%
Medium
6
33.3%
50.0%
16.7%
Large
9
11.1%
88.9%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
16b.  Have you, personally, toured the Lake Guardian?
    Log Book

Base: Aware of public tours
Yes
No
Log book visitor
Small
123


100.0%
Medium
160


100.0%
Large
162

.6%
99.4%
    Random Sample

Base: Aware of public tours
Yes
No
Log book visitor
Small
36
2.8%
94.4%
2.8%
Medium
2

100.0%

Large
1

100.0%


-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
17b.  What was the main reason you toured the ship?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Interest in the ship itself
Interest in conservation,
environment
Educational experience
Curiosity
To take children
Went with family member
Went with a group
School field trip
Business related
No response
Small
127
44.9%
39.4%
22.0%
12.6%
8.7%
3.9%
4.7%
3.1%
1.6%

Medium
162
64.2%
44.4%
4.9%
9.3%
10.5%
6.8%
1.2%
1.2%

Large
161
57.1%
43.5%
18.0%
6.2%
5.0%
3.1%
3.1%
.6%
1.2%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
18b.  Have any other members of your family toured the Lake
     Guardian?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Not sure
Small
161
53.4%
45.3%
1.2%
Medium
164
55.5%
44.5%
Large
162
44.4%
55.6%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
19b.  What was the main reason your family member toured the ship?

Base: Family member toured
Lake Guardian
Interest in the ship itself
Went with family member
Interest in
conservation/ environment
Educational experience
Curiosity
School field trip
To take children
Went with a group
Don't know
Small
86
25.6%
31.4%
16.3%
10.5%
7.0%
17.4%
4.7%
9.3%
1.2%
Medium
91
37.4%
36.3%
40.7%
8.8%
6.6%
1.1%
7.7%
1.1%
1.1%
Large
72
41.7%
23.6%
34.7%
13.9%
9.7%
1.4%
5.6%
1.4%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
2Ob. What impressed you most about the Lake Guardian tour?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
The size of the ship
The work they are doing
Ship is non-polluting
The Rosette water sampler
Other equipment on deck
The labs and their equipment
The captain and crew
The scientists on board
Don't know, refused
Other
Base: Other
Well organized, informative
Knowledgeable guide
Living quarters
Ship design, features
Small
127
3.9%
34.6%
.8%
5.5%
10.2%
42.5%
26.8%
8.7%
4.7%
7.9%
10

30.0%
60.0%
10.0%
Medium
162
5.6%
37.0%
3.7%
2.5%
17.9%
48.1%
28.4%
4.3%
4.3%
12.3%
20
30.0%
35.0%
30.0%
5.0%
Large
161
5.0%
36.6%
2.5%
4.3%
12.4%
4.6.6%
18.0%
12.4%
1.2%
11.8%
19
15.8%
31.6%
31.6%
21.1%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
21b. Please tell me which of these activities you recall being
     presented during your tour?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Monitoring pollution hot spots
Measuring water pollution
Measuring pollution in
sediments
Measuring pollution in fish
Measuring air pollution "
Conducting experiments
Training young scientists
Operating as a non-polluting
ship
Don't know
Small
126
58.7%
77.0%

65.9%
38.9%
18.3%
71.4%
54.0%

66.7%
1.6%
Medium
162
65.4%
84.6%

72.8%
56.2%
32.1%
75.3%
52.5%

79.0%

Large
161
69.6%
87.0%

74.5%
46.0%
31.1%
82.6%
54.0%

55.9%
.6%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
22b. Did you have any questions that were not answered to your
     satisfaction during the tour?  What, was your question?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No unanswered questions
How often in area
Is ship non-polluting
What did you find in the Lake,
Bay?
What can you do for Thunder
Bay?
What do you do with the
information?
How serious IS pollution,
contamination?
More about boom on ship
Did not release test results
Is there a mystery corner on
lower corner of lake?
How is the water quality of
Lake Ontario?
Did not answer Data Program
How cope with long stays on
board
Small
127
93.7%
.8%
.8%

.8%

1.6%





.8%

.8%

.8%



Medium
162
98.1%



.6%



.6%








.6%


Large
161
97.5%
.6%








.6%
.6%







.6%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
23b. Did you receive a general fact sheet and a self-guided tour
     brochure when you were aboard the Lake Guardian?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
Yes
No
Not sure
Small
127
86.6%
10.2%
3.1%
Medium
162
90.7%
8.6%
.6%
Large
161
88.2%
8.7%
3.1%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
24b. Were these helpful to you

Base: Received materials
Yes
No
Not sure
Small
110
92.7%
2.7%
4.5%
Medium
148
95.9%
1.4%
2.7%
Large
142
93.0%
4.2%
2.8%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
25b. What would have improved the fact sheet and self-guided tour
     brochures?

Base: Materials not helpful
Nothing
Don't know
Explaining hot spots
Too juvenile for adults
Use laymen's terminology
Small
9
22.2%
44.4%
11.1%
11.1%
11.1%
Medium
8

100.0%



Large
11
9.1%
81.8%


9.1%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
26b. Was there anything you did not like about your tour of
     the Lake Guardian?

Base: Toured Lake Guardian
No dislikes about tour
Long lines
Could not hear
No personal tour
Tour disorganized
Facilities inadequate for
group
Wanted more time, information
Didn't see enough of ship
Ship staff
Other
Small
127
80.3%
1.6%

1.6%
.8%

3.9%
7.1%
2.4%
1.6%
.8%
Medium
162
86.4%
2.5%
2.5%
1.2%


.6%
4.3%
1.2%
.6%
.6%
Large
161
90.1%

.6%
.6%
1.9%

1.9%
1.9%
.6%
1.9%
.6%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
28b.  Can you recall who owns and operates the Lake Guardian?
    Log Book

Base: Aware of Lake Guardian
US EPA
Federal Government
Coast Guard
Greenpeace
Colleges Universities
Private Industry
Other government agencies
Other private groups
Don't know
Small
124
43.5%
9.7%
.8%



2.4%
.8%
42.7%
Medium
162
50.0%
9.3%
1.2%

.6%
.6%
3.1%
1.2%
34.0%
Large
162
54.9%
9.3%



3.7%
1.2%
.6%
30.2%
    Random Sample

Base: Aware of Lake Guardian
US EPA
Federal Government
Coast Guard
Greenpeace
Colleges Universities
Private Industry
Other government agencies
Other private groups
Don't know
Small
56
8.9%
3.6%

1.8%
1.8%

1.8%

82.1%
Medium
6








100.0%
Large
9








100.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
29b. Is it your impression that the Environmental Protection
     Agency is putting too much emphasis on Great Lakes
     environmental activities, too little,  or about the right
     amount?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Too much emphasis
About right
Too little emphasis
No opinion
Small
125
.8%
51.2%
38.4%
9.6%
Medium
162
2.5%
58.6%
35.2%
3.7%
Large
162
3.1%
50.0%
40.1%
6.8%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Too much emphasis
About right
Too little emphasis
No opinion
Small
232
6.5%
34.9%
46.6%
12.1%
Medium
51
3.9%
31.4%
43.1%
21.6%
Large
200
2.5%
37.0%
47.0%
13.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
30b. Is your age...



    Log Book

Base: All respondents
25 & under
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 to 55
56 to 65
66 to 75
76 & over
Refused
Small
125
14.4%
28.0%
24.0%
13.6%
10.4%
8.0%
.8%
.8%
Medium
162
11.7%
29.6%
24.7%
14.2%
10.5%
7.4%
1.9%

Large
162
14.2%
20.4%
30.9%
16.7%
8.0%
5.6%
.6%
3.7%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
25 & under
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 to 55
56 to 65
66 to 75
76 & over
Refused
Small
232
10.3%
20.3%
18.5%
12.5%
16.8%
13.8%
7.3%
.4%
Medium
51
13.7%
17.6%
33.3%
13.7%
9.8%
7.8%
3.9%

Large
200
14.5%
27.0%
22.5%
10.0%
11.0%
9.5%
4.0%
1.5%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
31b.  Including yourself, how many people currently live in your
      household?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more
Refused
Small
125
12.8%
27.2%
20.0%
20.8%
12.8%
4.8%
.8%



.8%
Medium
162
17.3%
29.6%
21.0%
19.8%
8.0%
2.5%

1.2%

.6%

Large
162
13.6%
22.8%
17.3%
29.0%
6.8%
4.9%

1.9%

.6%
3.1%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more
Refused
Small
232
15.9%
45.7%
11.2%
13.8%
7.8%
3.9%
1.3%
.4%



Medium
51
21.6%
25.5%
15.7%
21.6%
7.8%
5.9%


2.0%


Large
200
17.5%
26.5%
17.0%
22.5%
8.5%
5.0%
1.0%
.5%

.5%
1.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
32b. How many are children under the age of 18?
    Log Book

Base: All respondents
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Refused
Small
125
45.6%
20.0%
17.6%
14.4%
1.6%




.8%
Medium
162
54.9%
18.5%
16.7%
7.4%
.6%
.6%
.6%
.6%


Large
162
48.8%
15.4%
19.8%
6.2%
5.6%

.6%


3.7%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Refused
Small
232
65.5%
10.8%
11.6%
8.2%
3.4%
.4%




Medium
51
54.9%
17.6%
13.7%
7.8%
3.9%

2.0%



Large
200
56.0%
13.5%
18.0%
8.5%
1.5%
1.0%


.5%
1.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
33b. Is anyone in your household a member of an environmental
     organization?  Which ones?

    Log Book

Base: All respondents
No, Don't know
Yes
Base : Member
Sierra Club
National Wildlife Federation
Audubon Society
Nature Conservancy
Greenpeace
Huron Environmental Activist
League
National Environmental Group
Local activist group
Other group
Can't recall name of group
Small
125
83.2%
16.8%
21
9.5%
9.5%
19.0%
14.3%
14.3%
23.8%
19.0%
4.8%
9.5%
4.8%
Medium
162
88.3%
11.7%
19
31.6%
5.3%
21.1%
5.3%
10.5%
15.8%
31.6%
5.3%
5.3%
Large
162
79.6%
20.4%
33
18.2%
18.2%
12.1%
9.1%
9.1%
18.2%
27.2%
9.1%
3.0%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
No, Don't know
Yes
Base: All respondents
Sierra Club
National Wildlife Federation
Audubon Society
Nature Conservancy
Greenpeace
Huron Environmental Activist
League
National Environmental Group
Local activist group
Other group
Can't recall name of group
Small
232
92.2%
7.8%
18
11.1%
22.2%
5.6%

22.2%

22.2%
22.2%
22.2%

16.7%
Medium
51
96.1%
3.9%
2


50.0%




50.0%


5.3%
Large
200
92.0%
8.0%
16
6.2%
6.2%
6.2%
12.5%
18.8%


6.2%
6.2%
6.2%
31.2%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
34b. What is the highest level of school you completed?



    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Up to llth grade
High school
Trade school
Some college
Four year degree
Graduate school
Refused
Small
125
8.0%
30.4%
1.6%
24.0%
14.4%
19.2%
2.4%
Medium
162
4.3%
29.0%
3.7%
19.1%
31.5%
11.7%
.6%
Large
162
10.5%
17.9%
3.1%
24.1%
29.6%
11.7%
3.1%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Up to llth grade
High school
Trade school
Some college
Four year degree
Graduate school
Refused
Small
232
13.8%
40.5%
1.3%
19.4%
16.8%
7.8%
.4%
Medium
51
13.7%
60.8%
2.0%
7.8%
13.7%
2.0%

Large
200
7.5%
34.5%
2.5%
27.0%
19.5%
7.0%
2.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
35b.  What is your occupation (Previous occupation if retired)
    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Not retired
Retired
Refused
Base: All respondents
Owner Manager
Service Hospitality
Clerical
Skilled trade
Unskilled trade
Professional sales
Military
Retail sales
Middle manager
Teacher
Fanner
Mining
Civil Service
Honemaker
Health care
Unemployed
Transport at i on
Student
Author Journalist Arts Music
Environmental job
Engineer
City employed
Scientist
Lawyer
Health Care Professional
Other Professional
No response
Small
125
81.6%
16.8%
1.6%
125
3.2%
5.6%
4.8%
12.8%
7.2%
1.6%

7.2%
2.4%
8.8%
.8%

6.4%
12.0%
8.0%
1.6%
.8%
4.8%
.8%
.8%
3.2%
.8%


3.2%

3.2%
Medium
162
82.1%
17.9%

162
3.7%
7.4%
4.3%
11.7%
9.3%
.6%
.6%
3.1%
5.6%
10.5%
.6%

4.9%
8.0%
9.3%
3.1%
.6%
3.1%
2.5%
2.5%
3.1%
.6%
2.5%


1.2%
1.2%
Large
162
86.4%
9.9%
3.7%
162
6.2%
3.7%
8.6%
7.4%
4.9%
1.9%
.6%
2.5%
6.2%
4.3%


8.6%
10.5%
4.9%
1.2%
.6%
8.0%
4.3%

6.8%

1.2%
1.2%

1.2%
4.9%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
35b. What is your occupation (Previous occupation if retired)
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Not retired
Retired
Refused
Base: All respondents
Owner Manager
Service Hospitality
Clerical
Skilled trade
Unskilled trade
Professional sales
Military
Retail sales
Middle manager
Teacher
Farmer
Mining
Civil Service
Homemaker
Health care
Unemployed
Transportation
Student
Author Journalist Arts Music
Environmental job
Engineer
City employed
Scientist
Lawyer
Health Care Professional
Other Professional
No response
Small
232
73.3%
25.9%
.9%
232
6.0%
5.6%
11.2%
7.3%
6.5%
1.7%
.4%
3.4%
4.7%
3.0%
.4%
.4%
8.2%
19.0%
6.9%
2.2%
.9%
5.6%
1.3%

1.7%


.4%

.4%
2.6%
Medium
51
86.3%
13.7%

51
2.0%
3.9%
2.0%
9.8%
11.8%
2.0%

2.0%
2.0%
3.9%
3.9%


25.5%
7.8%
2.0%
2.0%
3.9%
3.9%

2.0%





9.8%
Large
200
80.5%
18.5%
1.0%
200
4.0%
6.5%
10.0%
15.5%
4.5%
1.5%

7.5%
4.5%
6.0%
.5%

4.5%
13.5%
9.0%
2.0%

2.5%
1.0%

2.0%

.5%
.5%
.5%
.5%
3.0%

-------
          1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
36b.  Gender
    Log Book

Base: All respondents
Male
Female
Small
125
48.0%
52.0%
Medium
162
43.2%
56.8%
Large
162
59.9%
40.1%
    Random Sample

Base: All respondents
Male
Female
Small
232
39.7%
60.3%
Medium
51
33.3%
66.7%
Large
200
31.0%
69.0%

-------
2. Special  Table




C  - "Owned  Lake"  Differences

-------
   PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR NEAREST/"OWNED" LAKE
Log Book
                            Table 6c
                      Current Water Quality

Index
n
Lake
Superior
3.2
98
Lake
Huron
2.5
86
Lake
Michigan
2.6
8
Lake Erie
2.6
196
Lake
Ontario
2.4
42
Random Sample

Index
n
Lake
Superior
3.0
83
Lake
Huron
2.5
95
Lake
Michigan
2.7
28
Lake Erie
2.3
212
Lake
Ontario
2.2
32
               Excellent=4, Good=3, Fair=2, Poor=l
                            Table 7c
              Direction of Change in Water Quality
Log Book

Index
n
Lake
Superior
.1
81
Lake
Huron
-.1
73
Lake
Michigan
.5
8
Lake Erie
.6
194
Lake
Ontario
.5
39
Random Sample


Index
n
Lake
Superior
-.2
77
Lake
Huron
-.2
86
Lake
Michigan
-.1
23
Lake Erie

.1
203
Lake
Ontario
.0
31
           Improving=+l, Staying the Same=0, Worsening=-l

-------
   PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR NEAREST/"OWNED" LAKE
                            Table  lOc
             Number of Environmental 'Major Problems'
Log Book

Index
Sample
Lake
Superior
4.2
102
Lake
Huron
4.7
86
Lake
Michigan
6.0
8
Lake Erie
5.5
208
Lake
Ontario
4.9
45
Random Sample

Index
Sample
Lake
Superior
3.3
87
Lake
Huron
3.5
101
Lake
Michigan
5.1
33
Lake Erie
5.0
226
Lake
Ontario
4.7
36
     Base= 10 issues rated 'major', 'minor', or 'not a problem'

-------
                PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Log Book
                           Table 6cc
                     Current Water Quality

Index
n
Total
2.7
430
Lake
Superior
3.2
94
Huron
2.5
69
Erie
2.6
229
Ontario
2.4
38
Random Sample

Index
n
Total
2.5
450
Lake
Superior
3.0
93
Huron
2.4
96
Erie
2.3
232
Ontario
2.3
29
              Excellent=4, Good=3, Fair=2, Poor=l
Log Book
                           Table 7cc
             Direction of Change in Water Quality

Index
n
Total
.4
395
Lake
Superior
.1
79
Huron
-.2
57
Erie
.6
223
Ontario
.4
36
Random Sample

Index
n
Total
-.0
420
Lake
Superior
-.2
89
Huron
-.2
89
Erie
.2
214
Ontario
-.0
28
         Improving=-H, Staying the Same=0, Worsening=-l

-------
               PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
                          Table lOcc
             Number of Environmental 'Major Problems'
Log Book

Index
Sample
Total
5.0
449
Lake
Superior
4.2
99
Huron
4.4
69
Erie
5.6
240
Ontario
4.8
41
Random Sample

Index
Sample
Total
4.4
483
Lake
Superior
3.1
100
Huron
3.7
100
Erie
5.1
251
Ontario
4.7
32
    Base= 10 issues rated 'major', 'minor', or 'not a problem'

-------
2. Special  Table



D - "Owned"  by "Nearest"  Lake

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES  SURVEY RESULTS
Id.  Do you consider one of the Great Lakes to be your  lake?



Base
No Don't know
Lake Superior
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
Total
Number

932
160
171
148
49
342
62
Percent

100.0%
17.2%
18.3%
15.9%
5.3%
36.7%
6.7%
Nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number
189
26
159
1
2
1

Percent
100.0%
13.8%
84.1%
.5%
1.1%
.5%

Lake Huron
Number
187
34
4
140
7
2

Percent
100.0%
18.2%
2.1%
74.9%
3.7%
1.1%

Lake Michigan
Number
41
13
1

25
2

Percent
100.0%
31.7%
2.4%

61.0%
4.9%

Lake Erie
Number
434
70
5
7
15
336
1
Percent
100.0%
16.1%
1.2%
1.6%
3.5%
77.4%
.2%
Lake Ontario
Number
81
17
2


1
61
Percent
100.0%
21.0%
2.5%


1.2%
75.3%

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
2d. Why do you feel that Lake
La your lake?



Base: Consider
one lake their
lake
Closest to us
Grew up there
Beauty
Fishing
Family outings
Boating
Recreation
Quality of
water, shore
areas
Swimming
Drinking water
Economic factor
No response
Total
Number



772
602
71
34
25
23
20
14


12
11
11
2
1
Percent



100.0%
78.0%
9.2%
4.4%
3.2%
3.0%
2.6%
1.8%


1.6%
1.4%
1.4%
.3%
.1%
Name of "your lake"
Lake Superior
Number


171
120
21
11
11
5
1
3


6
3
5

1
Percent


100.0%
70.2%
12.3%
6.4%
6.4%
2.9%
.6%
1.8%


3.5%
1.8%
2.9%

.6%
Lake Huron
Number


148
119
13
5
5
3
2
6


1
2

2

Percent


100.0%
80.4%
8.8%
3.4%
3.4%
2.0%
1.4%
4.1%


.7%
1.4%

1.4%

Lake Michigan
Number


49
22
10
8
1
5
5



2




Percent


100.0%
44.9%
20.4%
16.3%
2.0%
10. 2%
10.2%



4.1%




Lake Erie
Number


342
288
22
10
6
9
10
4


2
5
5


Percent


100.0%
84.2%
6.4%
2.9%
1.8%
2.6%
2.9%
1.2%


.6%
1.5%
1.5%


Lake Ontario
Number


62
53
5

2
1
2
1


1
1
1


Percent


100.0%
85.5%
8.1%

3.2%
1.6%
3.2%
1.6%


1.6%
1.6%
1.6%



-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
4d. What activities do you or your family do at the lake?



Base: All
respondents
Swimming
Fishing
Boating
None, never go
there
Beach
activities
Family outings
Walking jogging
Camping
Enjoy scenery
Skiing
Hater sports
Shore
activities
Total
Number


932
363
281
268

155

135
129
116
49
33
31
27

15
Percent


100.0%
38.9%
30.2%
28.8%

16.6%

14.5%
13.8%
12.4%
5.3%
3.5%
3.3%
2.9%

1.6%
Name of 'your lake' /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number

197
80
64
66

20

18
28
52
15
14
9
4

5
Percent

100.0%
40.6%
32.5%
33.5%

10.2%

9.1%
14.2%
26.4%
7.6%
7.1%
4.6%
2.0%

2.5%
Lake Huron
Number

182
97
68
52

28

22
20
20
10
1
4
3


Percent

100.0%
53.3%
37.4%
28.6%

15.4%

12.1%
11.0%
11.0%
5.5%
.5%
2.2%
1.6%


Lake Michigan
Number

62
22
16
12

15

11
5
5
7
1
2
2

1
Percent

100.0%
35.5%
25.8%
19.4%

24.2%

17.7%
8.1%
8.1%
11.3%
1.6%
3.2%
3.2%

1.6%
Lake Erie
Number

412
139
114
115

74

75
61
34
12
13
16
14

8
Percent

100.0%
33.7%
27.7%
27.9%

18.0%

18.2%
14.8%
8.3%
2.9%
3.2%
3.9%
3.4%

1.9%
Lake Ontario
Number

79
25
19
23

18

9
15
5
5
4

4

1
Percent

100.0%
31.6%
24.1%
29.1%

22.8%

11.4%
19.0%
6.3%
6.3%
5.1%

5.1%

1.3%

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES  SURVEY RESULTS





5d. Where do you spend most of your time when you are at Lake 	?



Base: Spend
time at a lake
In deep
water-boat ing ,
sailing or
fishing
At the
shoreline or
on the beaches
Away from the
shoreline in a
park or on
jogging trails
Total
Number


772



206


500



66
Percent


100.0%



26.7%


64.8%



8.5%
Name of 'your lake' /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number

177



33


130



14
Percent

100.0%



18.6%


73.4%



7.9%
Lake Huron
Number

154



35


111



8
Percent

100.0%



22.7%


72.1%



5.2%
Lake Michigan
Number

47



9


34



4
Percent

100.0%



19.1%


72.3%



8.5%
Lake Erie
Number

333



109


189



35
Percent

100.0%



32.7%


56.8%



10.5%
Lake Ontario
Number

61



20


36



5
Percent

100.0%



32.8%


59.0%



8.2%

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
6d. How would you rate the water quality in Lake 	?

Base
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
No opinion
Total
Number
932
113
385
276
106
52
Percent
100.0%
12.1%
41.3%
29.6%
11.4%
5.6%
Name of 'your lake* /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number
197
59
95
30
6
7
Percent
100.0%
29.9%
48.2%
15.2%
3.0%
3.6%
Lake Huron
Number
182
18
71
62
24
7
Percent
100.0%
9.9%
39.0%
34.1%
13.2%
3.8%
Lake Michigan
Number
62
9
31
10
4
8
Percent
100.0%
14.5%
50.0%
16.1%
6.5%
12.9%
Lake Erie
Number
412
22
162
143
61
24
Percent
100.0%
5.3%
39.3%
34.7%
14.8%
5.8%
Lake Ontario
Number
79
5
26
31
11
6
Percent
100.0%
6.3%
32.9%
39.2%
13.9%
7.6%

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
7d. Over the past ten years,  would you say  that  the water quality  in Lake
    is it staying about the same?
is improving, is it getting worse, or

Base: All
respondents
Improving
About the same
Getting worse
No opinion
Total
Number
932
336
283
196
117
Percent
100.0%
36.1%
30.4%
21.0%
12.6%
Name of 'your lake* /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number
197
35
89
42
31
Percent
100.0%
17.8%
45.2%
21.3%
15.7%
Lake Huron
Number
182
38
65
53
26
Percent
100.0%
20.9%
35.7%
29.1%
14.3%
Lake Michigan
Number
62
12
21
12
17
Percent
100.0%
19.4%
33.9%
19.4%
27.4%
Lake Erie
Number
412
218
88
74
32
Percent
100.0%
52.9%
21.4%
18.0%
7.8%
Lake Ontario
Number
79
33
20
15
11
Percent
100.0%
41.8%
25.3%
19.0%
13.9%

-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES  SURVEY  RESULTS





8d. What do you think are the biggest problems concerning Lake 	  water quality?

Baeet All
respondents
Contaminants
pollution
Don ' t know
Zebra Mussels
Paper mills
Industrial
waste
Ship traffic
Dirty beaches
There are no
problems
Pesticides
People ' s
behavior,
attitudes
Chemical waste
Public utility
waste
Oil spills
Acid rain
Biological
effects
Harm to
wildlife, fish
Managing lake
quality
Total
Number

932

542
169
68
47

47
38
35

32
27


21
19

17
16
14

14

8

8
Percent

100.0%

58.2%
18.1%
7.3%
5.0%

5.0%
4.1%
3.8%

3.4%
2.9%


2.3%
2.0%

1.8%
1.7%
1.5%

1.5%

.9%

.9%
Name of 'your lake' /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number

197

112
30
11
14

9
17
5

14
3


6
5

3
3
5

4



1
Percent

100.0%

56.9%
15.2%
5.6%
7.1%

4.6%
8.6%
2.5%

7.1%
1.5%


3.0%
2.5%

1.5%
1.5%
2.5%

2.0%



.5%
Lake Huron
Number

182

105
30
8
11

11
7
7

10
2


4
5


5
2

1

3

1
Percent

100.0%

57.7%
16.5%
4.4%
6.0%

6.0%
3.8%
3.8%

5.5%
1.1%


2.2%
2.7%


2.7%
1.1%

.5%

1.6%

.5%
Lake Michigan
Number

62

32
16
4
1

4
2
3

2
7



2


1




1


Percent

100.0%

51.6%
25.8%
6.5%
1.6%

6.5%
3.2%
4.8%

3.2%
11.3%



3.2%


1.6%




1.6%


Lake Erie
Number

412

247
75
35
19

18
9
19

6
13


10
7

9
6
6

6

3

6
Percent

100.0%

60.0%
18.2%
8.5%
4.6%

4.4%
2.2%
4.6%

1.5%
3.2%


2.4%
1.7%

2.2%
1.5%
1.5%

1.5%

.7%

1.5%
Lake Ontario
Number

79

46
18
10
2

5
3
1


2


1


5
1
1

3

1


Percent

100.0%

58.2%
22.8%
12.7%
2.5%

6.3%
3.8%
1.3%


2.5%


1.3%


6.3%
1.3%
1.3%

3.8%

1.3%



-------
                                    1993 LAKE GUARDIAN/GREAT LAKES SURVEY RESULTS
9d. Who do you feel is responsible for monitoring the water quality of Lake

Base: All
respondents
US EPA
State
government
US Federal
Government
Department of
Natural
Resources
Local
government
All of us
Industry
Environment
Canada
Other
government
group
Non-government
group
Don ' t know
Total
Number

932
214

137
108

106

88
81
38
32

32
5
251
Percent

100.0%
23.0%

14.7%
11.6%

11.4%

9.4%
8.7%
4.1%
3.4%

3.4%
.5%
26.9%
Name of 'your lake' /nearest lake
Lake Superior
Number

197
45

24
35

23

16
17
9
11

7
2
47
Percent

100.0%
22.8%

12.2%
17.8%

11.7%

8.1%
8.6%
4.6%
5.6%

3.6%
1.0%
23.9%
Lake Huron
Number

182
29

21
10

52

14
17
8
4

3
2
53
Percent

100.0%
15.9%

11.5%
5.5%

28.6%

7.7%
9.3%
4.4%
2.2%

1.6%
1.1%
29.1%
Lake Michigan
Number

62
11

15
7

5

8
6
1
1

3
19
Percent

100.0%
17.7%

24.2%
1.1.3%

8.1%

12.9%
9.7%
1.6%
1.6%

4.8%
30.6%
Lake Erie
Number

412
107

64
45

23

44
30
18
13

16
1
111
Percent

100.0%
26.0%

15.5%
10.9%

5.6%

10.7%
7.3%
4.4%
3.2%

3.9%
.2%
26.9%
Lake Ontario
Number

79
22

13
11

3

6
11
2
3

3
21
Percent

100.0%
27.8%

16.5%
13.9%

3.8%

7.6%
13.9%
2.5%
3.8%

3.8%
26.6%

-------
              PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
                          Table lOd
Proportion That Rate each Environmental Issue a Major Problem

Log Book

Acid Rain
Polluted
Sediments
Farm Run-off
Urban Run-off
Industry
Dumping
PCBs
DDT
Exotic Species
Contaminated
Fish
Unsafe for
Swimming
Total
41.0%

50.1%
51.7%
72.4%
74.6%
51.9%
36.5%
48.8%
46.8%

26.9%
Lake
Superior
46.5%

41.4%
37.4%
62.6%
61.6%
46.5%
31.3%
45.5%
32.3%

12.1%
Huron
27.5%

37.7%
34.8%
72.5%
78.3%
47.8%
33.3%
53.6%
46.4%

13.0%
Erie
42.5%

57.9%
64.2%
79.2%
80.8%
54.2%
40.4%
48.8%
52.1%

35.4%
Ontario
41.5%

46.3%
41.5%
56.1%
63.4%
58.5%
31.7%
48.8%
51.2%

36.6%
Random Sample

Acid Rain
Polluted
Sediments
Farm Run-off
Urban Run-off
Industry
Dumping
PCBs
DDT
Exotic Species
Contaminated
Fish
Unsafe for
Swimming
Total
30.0%

43.5%
42.0%
64.2%

69.4%
43.9%
32.1%
46.4%

42.0%

22.6%
Lake
Superior
26.0%

30.0%
30.0%
52.0%

63.0%
34.0%
19.0%
26.0%

23.0%

7.0%
Huron
26.0%

36.0%
35.0%
60.0%

63.0%
37.0%
30.0%
40.0%

33.0%

11.0%
Erie
33.5%

51.4%
49.8%
69.7%

74.9%
49.0%
38.2%
55.0%

51.4%

34.7%
Ontario
28.1%

46.9%
40.6%
71.9%

65.6%
56.3%
31.3%
62.5%

56.3%

12.5%

-------
D.  Teacher/Student  Survey  Tables
1.  Teacher  Basic Tables:  Totals 1992 and  1993
   Teacher  Special  Tables:
   la-Teacher responses  by  grade groups
   1aa-Teacher  responses by  grades

2.  Student  Basic Tables:  Totals 1992 and  1993
   1sa-Students by  grade groups
   1saa-Students  bygrade  level

-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
1.  Teacher Basic Tables: Totals 1992 and  1993

-------
    Table 1
School Location

BASE
Alpena , MI
Buffalo, NY
Duluth, MN
East Amherst, NY
East Aurora, NY
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego, NY
Port Huron, MI
Ransenville, NY
Redcreek, NY
Rochester , NY
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Scarborough, Ontario
Toledo, OH
Not stated
1992
8

12.5%






25.0%


37.5%

12.5%
12.5%

1993
52
25.0%
1.9%
9.6%
1.9%
1.9%
15.4%
7.7%
7.7%
1.9%
3.8%
1.9%
3.8%
13.5%
3.8%

3.8%

-------
            Table 2
       Class Grade Level

BASE
First Grade
Second Grade
Third Grade
Fourth Grade
Fifth Grade
Sixth Grade
Eighth Grade
Ninth Grade
Eleventh Grade
Twelfth Grade
High School
Adult Education
College
Eleventh & Twelfth Grades
Grades Three to Eight
1992
8


25.0%


25.0%
12.5%



25.0%
12.5%



1993
52
3.8%
1.9%
9.6%
19.2%
23.1%
19.2%
5.8%
1.9%
1.9%
7.7%


1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
            Table 3
Number of Students in the Class

BASE
1 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 25
26 to 30
More than 30
1992
8
25.0%
12.5%
37.5%

25.0%
1993
52
11.5%
15.4%
32.7%
23.1%
17.3%

-------
                   Table 4
    How did you hear about the opportunity
         To visit the Lake Guardian?

BASE
Letter from the Environmental
Protection Agency
Newspaper article or other
publication
Heard about it from another
teacher
No response
OTHER RESPONSE:
BASE
From Principal
From Science Coordinator
Friend
Letter from Elementary
Curriculum Facilitator
From EPA representative
Genesee River Valley Proj
Coordinator
Bulletin through mail system
Meeting with Michael Raab
1992
8

37.5%
25.0%
37.5%
12.5%

4



2
1
1
1993
52

40.4%
23.1%
28.8%
15.4%

14
6
5
1
1
1

                   Table 5
Was this your first environmental field trip?

BASE
Yes
No
1992
8
25.0%
75.0%
1993
51
51.0%
49.0%

-------
                   Table 6
     Please grade the pre-visit materials
        You received from the US/EPA:

BASE
Great Minds?Great Lakes
A
B
C
D
No response
Great Lakes
Atlas/Resource Book
A
B
F
No response
Videotape
A
B
C
D
F
No response
1992
8

50.0%
25.0%


25.0%


25.0%
25.0%

50.0%

37.5%
12.5%
12.5%

12.5%
25.0%
1993
52

44.2%
23.1%
1.9%
3.8%
26.9%


15.4%
11.5%
5.8%
67.3%

17.3%
13.5%
5.8%
5.8%
1.9%
55.8%
                   Table 7
Please tell us the reasons for any low grades

BASE
Videotape hard to see in
sunlight
Reading level too high
Took test with class as a
learning tool-No valid
results
Activities too lengthy
So-so video tape a downer
Not age-level appropriate
Have not viewed any yet
Some of my students are
not in tune with school
No response
1992
8



100.0%
1993
52
5.8%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
5.8%
17.3%
1.9%
61.5%

-------
      Table 8
Pre-visit materials:

BASE
Received in time for your
tour?
Yes
No
No response
Any class work with them
before tour?
Yes
No
No response
Could you have used the
materials earlier?
Yes
No
No response
Appropriate for your
grade level students?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
Will you use the
materials in future
lessons?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
1992
8


75.0%
12.5%
12.5%


75.0%

25.0%


50.0%
25.0%
25.0%


62.5%
12.5%

25.0%



87.5%


12.5%
1993
52


78.8%
19.2%
1.9%


76.9%
17.3%
5.8%


38.5%
53.8%
7.7%


65.4%
13.5%
3.8%
17.3%



75.0%
9.6%
1.9%
13.5%

-------
                       Table 9
 In which subject area will you use these materials?

BASE
Geography
Science & Social Studies
Science
Science/Reading
Environmental Science
Science & Michigan
History
Biology/Advanced Biology
Science/ Social
Studies/Reading
Social Studies
Geography / Sc i ence
Reading
Chemistry
Earth-Space Science
Environmental unit on
water
No response
1992
8
37.5%
25.0%
12.5%




25.0%
1993
52
23.1%
19.2%
:. . 8%
& . 6%
1.9%
3.8%
3.8%
5.8%
3.8%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
17.3%
                       Table 10
Should EPA provide any additional take-home materials
                  For your students?

BASE
Information for parents on environmental
problems
Lists of things to do to help clean up
the Great Lakes
Lists of telephone numbers to call for
information
Government agency program explanations
OTHER RESPONSE:
BASE
Maps of specific hot spots
Samples of dead zebra mussels
Chart of life-cycle of mayfly
No response
1992
7
57.1%
100.0%
85.7%
42.9%

8
100.0%
1993
46
63.0%
87.0%
56.5%
23.9%

52
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
94.2%

-------
                         Table 11
        Do you have any suggestions for additional
             Or improved classroom materials?
                                          1992
       1993
BASE

Materials grade-level appropriate
National Geographic film on Great Lakes
 an enhancement
Chart/flash cards Plants/animals of
 Great Lakes food chain
More hands-on activities
Workshops for teachers
Skip ancient history-Focus on
 application of Ships functions
Environmental section not geared to
 upper grade levels
Reports how lakes are improving
Explain charts, provide handouts of them
   8
12.5%
12.5%
75.0%
  52

11.5%

 3.8%

 1.9%
 5.8%
 1.9%

 1.9%

 1.9%
 1.9%
69.2%

-------
                Table 12
  Please grade the Lake Guardian tour
As a learning experience for your class

BASE
The amount of time on the ship
A
B
C
D
The videotape shown on board
A
B
C
D
F
Explanation of the mission of
the Lake Guardian
A
B
C
D
Presentation of the deck
equipment
A
B
C
D
1992
5

20.0%
20.0%
20.0%
40.0%

50.0%
25.0%

25.0%



60.0%
20.0%

20.0%


20.0%
40.0%
20.0%
20.0%
1993
46

56.5%
21.7%
17.4%
4.3%

31.7%
19.5%
34.1%
7.3%
7.3%


67.4%
26.1%
4.3%
2.2%


56.5%
26.1%
10.9%
6.5%

-------
          Table 12 (Continued)
  Please grade the Lake Guardian tour
As a learning experience for your class

BASE
Explanation of the
laboratories
A
B
C
D
Presentation of living
quarters
A
B
C
D
Presentation by the captain
A
B
C
F
The handout materials
A
B
C
D
Not received
1992
5


60.0%
20.0%
20.0%

25.0%
75.0%


40.0%
40.0%

20.0%


25.0%

50.0%
25.0%
1993
46

45.7%
34.8%
15.2%
4.3%

62.2%
17.8%
15.6%
4.4%
84.1%
11.4%
4.5%


45.5%
34.1%
13.6%
6.8%


-------
                   Table 13
Please grade the Presentation of facts about:

BASE
The sampling program
A
B
C
D
F
Surface runoff from urban and
agricultural areas
A
B
C
D
F
Industrial discharge
A
B
C
D
F
Importance of proper disposal
of trash and wastes
A
B
C
D
F
Importance of the Great Lakes
A
B
C
D
F
How students and their
families can help the G L
environment
A
B
C
D
F
1992
4


100.0%






100.0%





100.0%





33.3%
66.7%




25.0%
75.0%







100.0%



1993
45

44.4%
33.3%
17.8%
2.2%
2.2%


25.0%
25.0%
22.7%
15.9%
11.4%

25.6%
25.6%
20.9%
16.3%
11.6%


29.5%
27.3%
22.7%
11.4%
9.1%

46.7%
22.2%
17.8%
4.4%
8.9%



26.2%
28.6%
21.4%
11.9%
11.9%

-------
                         Table 14
      Please tell us the reason for any low grades:
                                          1992
       1993
BASE

Tell of mission rather than equipment
Technician could demonstrate sampling
Videotape too mature for younger
 students
Glare on videotape hard to see/hear
Video indoors on cold days
Less scientific talk—more demonstration
Did not emphasize points 10-14
Long wait
A clean empty lab is boring
Pilot House good with working equipment
Too many "technical" words
Unloading sewage during visit unpleasant
 distraction
Some areas not presented or viewed
Too rushed-need more explanation
Would like longer visit
Students missed point re less industrial
 discharge currently
Give us specifics for keeping waters
 clean
Too early in school year/student focus
 on living quarters
Hand out materials at end of tour
Too many distractions
Did not discuss #s 10 & 11
Hands-on tour for older (college)
 students
Hard to situate students to see & hear
 topic of discussion
Poorly organized
Questionnaire 3 months late
No guided tour offered
No response
   8

75.0%


25.0%
25.0%
37.5%
25.0%
12.5%
50.0%
  52

76.9%
13.5%

19.2%
 9.6%
 7.7%
 3.8%
15.4%
 1.9%
 5.8%
 1.9%
 3.8%

 5.8%
 5.8%
 5.8%
 1.9%

 1.9%

 1.9%

 3.8%
 3.8%
 1.9%
 5.8%

 3.8%

 3.8%
34.6%

-------
                  Table 15
  Should EPA provide any of the following
      For your students to learn more
About the Great Lakes and pollution control?

BASE
Information on how to form environmental
clubs
Suggestions for science projects
Directions for scouting projects
Additional classroom materials
No response
OTHER SUGGESTIONS
Hands-on samples of biological
pollutants
Maritime charts for Social Studies
enrichment
Location/ cause of hot spots
Would like longer (45 Minute?) visit
Wants EPA info and a working tour of
Lake Guardian
Classroom visit by science staff
Activities for home & school to keep
water clean
Would have liked video tape to show at
school before trip
Please send pre-visit Resource books &
tapes mentioned
Good hands-on stuff
More take-home materials
Summer camp dealing with EPA issues for
interested students
Monroe Co Envir Health Lab trip
highlight
No response
1992
8

25.0%
37.5%
12.5%
37.5%
50.0%





















2
6
1993
52

46.2%
61.5%
25.0%
48.1%
25.0%


1

1
1
2

1
2

1

1

1
2
2

1


36

-------
                  Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
Teacher  Special  Tables:

la-Teacher  responses  by  grade groups

-------
            Table la
        School Location

BASE
Alpena , MI
Buffalo, NY
Duluth, MN
East Amherst, NY
East Aurora, NY
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego , NY
Port Huron, MI
Ransenville, NY
Redcreek, NY
Rochester , NY
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Not stated
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8
50%











38%
13%
4th-6th
32
28%

16%

3%
3%
13%
13%
3%
6%

3%
9%
3%
7th-9th
4





75%





25%


10th +
7

14%

14%

43%




14%

14%

            Table 3a
Number of Students in the Class

BASE
1 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 25
26 to 30
More than 30
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8
13%
13%
75%


4th-6th
32
3%
13%
25%
38%
22%
7th- 9th
4
25%

25%

50%
10th +
7
43%
43%
14%



-------
                             Table 4a
How did you hear about the opportunity to visit the Lake Guardian?

ii'i .„",..
Letter from the EPA
Newspaper article or
other publication
Heard about it from
another teacher
OTHER RESPONSE:
BASE
From Principal
From Science Coordinator
Friend
Letter from Elementary
Curriculum Facilitator
From EPA representative
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8
83%
17%


3
67%
33%


4th-6th
32
50%
12%
46%

11
36%
45%

9%
9%
7th-9th
4
50%
75%
25%






10th +
7
14%
57%
29%






                             Table 5a
          Was this your first environmental field trip?

BASE
Yes
No
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
7
86%
14%
4th-6th
32
44%
56%
7th-9th
4
50%
50%
10th +
7
43%
57%

-------
                             Table 6a
Please grade the pre-visit materials you received from the US/EPA:

BASE
Great Minds?Great Lakes
A
B
C
D
No response
Great Lakes Atlas/
Resource Book
A
B
F
No response
Videotape
A
B
C
D
F
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8

50%

13%
25%
13%


13%


88%


13%
13%


75%
4th-6th
32

53%
31%


16%


16%
19%
6%
59%

22%
19%
6%
9%

44%
7th-9th
4


50%


50%




25%
75%

25%



25%
50%
10th +
7

29%



71%


14%


86%

14%




86%
                             Table 7a
          Please tell us the reasons for any low grades

BASE
Videotape hard to see in
sunlight
Reading level too high
Took test with class as a
learning tool-No valid
results
Activities too lengthy
So-so video tape a downer
Not age-level appropriate
Have not viewed any yet
Some of my students are
not in tune with school
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8

13%
13%


13%


13%



50%
4th-6th
32

6%




3%

3%
13%


75%
7th-9th
4








25%
50%


25%
10th +
7







14%

43%

14%
29%

-------
      Table 8a
Pre-visit materials:

BASE
Received in time for your
tour?
Yes
No
No response
Any class work with them
before tour?
Yes
No
No response
Could you have used the
materials earlier?
Yes
No
No response
Appropriate for your
grade level students?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
Will you use the
materials in future
lessons?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
100%

88%
13%


75%
25%


25%
75%

25%
50%

25%


63%
25%

13%
4th-6th
100%

91%
6%
3%

84%
9%
6%

34%
59%
6%
84%
9%

6%


81%
9%

9%
7th-9th
100%

25%
75%


50%
50%


75%
25%

25%

25%
50%


100%



10th +
100%

43%
57%


57%
29%
14%

57%
14%
29%
43%

14%
43%


43%

14%
43%

-------
                        Table 9a
  In which subject area will you use these materials?

BASE
Science & Social Studies
Science
Science/Reading
Environmental Science
Science & Michigan
History
Biology/Advanced Biology
Science/Social
Studies/Reading
Social Studies
Geography / Science
Reading
Chemistry
Earth-Space Science
Environmental unit on
water
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8
13%
25%
13%
25%





13%






13%
4th-6th
32
31%
19%
3%
9%

3%


6%
3%
6%
3%




16%
7th-9th
4
25%
50%











25%



10th +
7






29%





14%


14%
43%
                       Table lOa
Should EPA provide any additional take-home materials
                  For your students?

BASE
Information for parents
on environmental
problems
Lists of things to do to
help clean up the Great
Lakes
Lists of telephone
numbers to call for
information
Government agency program
explanations
Other
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
6


50%


83%


50%

17%

4th-6th
28


61%


86%


54%

11%
4%
7th-9th
4


75%


100%


50%

50%

10th +
7


71%


86%


71%

57%


-------
                      Table lla
Do you have any suggestions for additional or improved
                 classroom materials?

BASE
Materials grade-level
appropriate
National Geographic film
on Great Lakes an
enhancement
Chart /flash cards
Plants /animals of Great
Lakes food chain
More hands-on activities
Workshops for teachers
Skip ancient
history-Focus on
application of Ships
functions
Environmental section not
geared to upper grade
levels
Reports how lakes are
improving
Explain charts, provide
handouts of them
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8

63%


















38%
4th-6th
32

3%


6%


3%
6%
7th-9th
4









3%



3%






75%





25%



75%
10th +
7








14%









14%

71%

-------
                         Table 12a
Please grade the Lake Guardian tour as a learning experience
                      for your class:

BASE
The amount of time on the
ship
A
B
C
D
The videotape shown on
board
A
B
C
D
F
Explanation of the
mission of the Lake
Guardian
A
B
C
D
Presentation of the deck
equipment
A
B
C
D
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
100%


50%
25%
13%
13%



43%
14%
29%
14%



38%
50%

13%


25%
50%

25%
4th-6th
100%


63%
15%
19%
4%


35%
15%
42%
4%
4%



70%
22%
7%



59%
22%
15%
4%
7th-9th
100%


50%
50%




50%

50%





75%
25%




100%



10th +
100%


43%
29%
29%



50%
17%
17%

17%



86%
14%




57%
29%
14%


-------
                   Table 12a (Continued)
Please grade the Lake Guardian tour as a learning experience
                      for your class:

BASE
Explanation of the
laboratories
A
B
C
D
Presentation of living
quarters
A
B
C
D
Presentation by the
captain
A
B
C
The handout materials
A
B
C
D
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
100%

25%
50%
13%
13%


57%
14%

29%


88%
13%


38%
38%
13%
13%
4th-6th
100%

48%
26%
22%
4%


63%
15%
22%



84%
16%


52%
33%
7%
7%
7th-9th
100%

50%
50%




50%
50%




75%

25%

33%

67%

10th +
100%

57%
43%




71%
14%
14%



86%

14%

33%
50%
17%


-------
                  Table 13a
Please grade the presentation of facts about:

BASE
The sampling program
A
B
C
D
F
Surface runoff from urban
and agricultural areas
A
B
C
D
F
Industrial discharge
A
B
C
D
F
Importance of proper
disposal of trash and
wastes
A
B
C
D
F
Importance of Great Lakes
A
B
C
D
F
How students and their
families can help the G
L environment
A
B
C
D
F
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
100%
29%
29%
29%
14%


29%
14%


57%
29%
14%


57%

29%
14%


57%
29%
14%
14%

43%


14%
29%


57%
4th-6th
100%
44%
33%
19%

4%

23%
27%
23%
23%
4%
24%
24%
24%
24%
4%

23%
27%
31%
19%

44%
22%
26%
4%
4%


28%
20%
28%
20%
4%
7th-9th
100%
50%
50%




25%
50%

25%

25%
50%
25%



50%
25%
25%


75%
25%






50%
50%


10th +
100%
57%
29%
14%



29%
14%
57%


29%
29%
29%
14%


43%
43%
14%


57%
29%

14%



50%
50%




-------
                  Table 14a
Please tell us the reason for any low grades:

BASE
Tell of mission rather
than equipment
Technician could
demonstrate sampling
Videotape too mature for
younger students
Glare on videotape hard
to see/hear
Video indoors on cold
days
Less scientific
talk — more demonstration
Did not emphasize points
10-14
Long wait
A clean empty lab is
boring
Pilot House good with
working equipment
Too many technical words
Unloading sewage during
visit unpleasant
distraction
Some areas not presented
or viewed
Too rushed-need more
explanation
Would like longer visit
Students missed point re
less industrial
discharge currently
Give us specifics for
keeping waters clean
Too early in school year/
student focus on living
quarters
Hand out materials at end
of tour
Too many distractions
Did not discuss #10 & 11
Hands-on tour for older
(college) students
Hard to situate students
to see & hear topic of
discussion
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8

88%

25%

38%







25%





13%







13%




13%












25%
4th-6th
32

69%

13%

22%

16%

13%

6%

16%
3%

9%

3%
3%


9%

6%

3%



3%




6%

6%
3%
3%




3%
38%
7th-9th
4

100%











25%












25%












25%





25%
10th +
7

86%

14%




















14%

14%












14%

29%


14%
29%

-------
                            Table 15a
Should EPA provide any of the following for your students to learn
        more about the Great Lakes and pollution control?

BASE

Information on how to
form environmental clubs
Suggestions for science
projects
Directions for scouting
projects
Additional classroom
materials
No response
OTHER SUGGESTIONS:
BASE
Hands-on samples of
biological pollutants
Maritime charts for
Social Studies
enrichment
Location/ cause of hot
spots
Would like longer (45
Minute?) visit
Wants EPA info and a
working tour of Lake
Guardian
Classroom visit by
science staff
Activities for home &
school to keep water
clean
Would have liked video
tape to show at school
before trip
Please send pre-visit
Resource books & tapes
mentioned
Good hands-on stuff
More take-home materials
Summer camp dealing with
EPA issues for
interested students
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
8
100%

25%

50%



50%
38%

8
















13%











88%
4th-6th
32
100%

44%

53%

19%

38%
28%

32

3%


3%

3%

6%




6%





3%




6%



69%
7th-9th
4
100%

75%

100%

50%

50%


4






















25%
25%




50%
10th +
7
100%

71%

100%

71%

100%


7











14%











14%



14%
57%

-------
     Table laa
School Location
1 1
1 ' 1

. 1

Grade Level of Class

•
| ' ' | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 8th | 9th | llth
12th |Coll |
i i i i i
ii ' '
(BASE | 2| 1| 5|
1| 4| 1|
1 , 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
i i i
10 1 12 1 10 1 3| 1|

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
|Alpena, MI III 80% | 30% | 17% | 40% | | |
1 1
(Buffalo. NY 1 1 1 1
25% | |
(Duluth, MN 1 1 1 1
1 1
(East Amherst, NY 1 1 1 1
25% | |
(East Aurora, NY 1 1 1 1
I I
(Erie, PA 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

| 33% | 10% | | |

1 1 1 1 1

1 8% | | | |

| 8% | 1 67% 1 100% (100%
|100%
(Grosse Point, MI 1 1 1 1 40% | | | | |
(Oswego, NY 1 1 1 1
(Port Huron, MI 1 1 1 1
1 1
(Ransenville, NY 1 1 1 1
| 17% | 20% | | |
1 8% | | | |

1 1 20% 1 1 1

-------
                  Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
Teacher  Special  Tables:

laa-Teacher  responses  by  grades

-------
     Table laa
School Location

BASE
Alpena, MI
Buffalo. NY
Duluth, MN
East Amherst, NY
East Aurora, NY
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego, NY
Port Huron, MI
Ransenville, NY
Redcreek, NY
Rochester, N.Y.
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Not Stated
Grade Level of Class
1st
2












100%

2nd
1













100%
3rd
5
80%











20%

4th
10
30%





40%





20%
10%
5th
12
17%

33%

8%
8%

17%
8%



8%

6th
10
40%

10%




20%

20%

10%


8th
3





67%





33%


9th
1





100%








llth
1





100%








12th
4

25%

25%






25%

25%

Coll
1





100%









-------
           Table 3aa
Number of Students in the Class

BASE
1 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 25
26 to 30
More than 30
Grade Level of Class
1st
2


100%


2nd
1
100%




3rd
5

20%
80%


4th
10

20%
20%
50%
10%
5th
12

8%
25%
33%
33%
6th
10
10%
10%
30%
30%
20%
8th
3
33%



67%
9th
1


100%


llth
1

100%



12th
4
50%
25%
25%


Coll
1
100%





-------
                            Table 4aa
How did you hear about the opportunity to visit the Lake Guardian?

BASE
Letter from the EPA
Newspaper article or
other publication
Heard about it from
another teacher
BASE
Other
From Principal
From Science Coordinator
Friend
Letter from Elementary
Curriculum Facilitator
From EPA representative
Grade Level of Class
1st
2
100%


100%

100%



2nd
1



100%


100%


3rd
5
80%
20%

100%

100%



4th
10
44%

56%
100%

50%
50%



5th
12
44%
11%
56%
100%

50%
33%

17%

6th
10
63%
25%
25%
100%

67%


33%
8th
3
33%
100%
33%






9th
1
100%








llth
1


100%






12th
4
25%
50%
25%






Coll
1

100%








-------
                  Table Baa
Has this your first environmental field trip?

BASE
Yes
No
Grade Level of Class
1st
2
50%
50%
2nd
1
100%
3rd
4
100%
4th
10
70%
30%
5th
12
42%
58%
6th
10
20%
80%
8th
3
33%
67%
9th
1
100%
llth
1
100%
12th
4
50%
50%
Coll
1
100%

-------
                            Table 6aa
Please grade the pre-visit materials you received from the US/EPA:

BASE
Great Minds?Great Lakes
A
B
C
D
No response
Great Lakes
Atlas/Resource Book
A
B
F
No response
Videotape
A
B
C
D
F
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2




50%
50%





100%






100%
2nd
1

100%









100%






100%
3rd
5

60%

20%
20%



20%


80%


20%
20%


60%
4th
10

60%
10%


30%


20%
40%

40%

10%
10%

20%

60%
5th
12

50%
33%


17%


8%
8%

83%

33%
8%
17%


42%
6th
10

50%
50%





20%
10%
20%
50%

20%
40%

10%

30%
8th
3


67%


33%




33%
67%

33%



33%
33%
9th
1





100%





100%






100%
llth
1





100%





100%






100%
12th
4

25%



75%


25%


75%

25%




75%
Coll
1





100%





100%






100%

-------
                  Table 7aa
Please tell us the reasons for any low grades

BASE
Videotape hard to see in
sunlight
Reading level a little
high
Took test with class as a
learning tool-No valid
results
Activities too lengthy
So-so video tape watched
on ship-a downer
Not age-level appropriate
Have not viewed any yet
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2






50%



50%


2nd
1












100%
3rd
5

20%

20%








60%
4th
10

20%








10%

70%
5th
12











8%
92%
6th
10







10%



30%
60%
8th
3










33%
33%
33%
9th
1











100%

llth
1











100%

12th
4









25%

25%
50%
Coll
1











100%


-------
     Table 8aa
Pre-visit materials:

BASE
Received in time for your
tour?
Yes
No
No response
Any class work with them
before tour?
Yes
No
No response
Could you have used the
materials earlier?
Yes
No
No response
Appropriate for your
grade level students?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
Will you use the
materials in future
lessons?
Yes
No
Not received
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2

50%
50%


50%
50%


100%



50%

50%


50%
50%


2nd
1

100%



100%




100%


100%




100%



3rd
5

100%



80%
20%



100%

40%
40%

20%


60%
20%

20%
4th
10

90%
10%


70%
20%
10%

50%
40%
10%
70%
30%




80%
10%

10%
5th
12

83%
8%
8%

83%
8%
8%

33%
58%
8%
83%


17%


75%
8%

17%
6th
10

100%



100%



20%
80%

100%





90%
10%


8th
3

33%
67%


67%
33%


67%
33%

33%


67%


100%



9th
1


100%



100%


100%




100%



100%



llth
1

100%




100%


100%


100%





100%



12th
4

25%
75%


75%

25%

25%
25%
50%
25%


75%


25%


75%
Coll
1


100%



100%


100%




100%





100%


-------
                     Table 9aa
In which subject area will you use these materials?

BASE
Science & Social Studies
Science
Science/Reading
Environmental Science
Science 6 Michigan
History
Biology/Advanced Biology
Science/Social
Studies/Reading
Social Studies
Geography/Science
Reading
Chemistry
Earth-Space Science
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2



100%











2nd
1

100%













3rd
5
20%
20%
20%






20%




20%
4th
10
10%
10%
10%


10%



10%
20%
10%


20%
5th
12
50%
17%

8%




8%





17%
6th
10
30%
30%

20%




10%





10%
8th
3
33%
67%













9th
1













100%

llth
1












100%


12th
4






50%







50%
Coll
1














100%

-------
                               Table lOaa
Should EPA provide any additional take-home materials for your students?

BASE
Information for parents
on environmental
problems
Lists of things to do to
help clean up the Great
Lakes
Lists of telephone
numbers to call for
information
Government agency program
explanations
Other
Grade Level of Class
1st
2


100%


100%


100%

50%

2nd
1





100%






3rd
3


33%


67%


33%



4th
9


44%


89%


56%

11%

5th
11


73%


82%


45%

18%
9%
6th
8


63%


88%


63%



8th
3


67%


100%


33%

33%

9th
1


100%


100%


100%

100%

llth
1


100%


100%


100%

100%

12th
4


75%


100%


50%

50%

Coll
1


100%


100%


100%




-------
                                 Table llaa
Do you have any suggestions for additional or improved classroom materials?

BASE
Materials grade-level
appropriate
National Geographic film
on Great Lakes an
enhancement
Chart/flash cards
Plants/animals of Great
Lakes food chain
More hands-on activities
Workshops for teachers
Skip ancient
history-Focus on
application of Ships
functions
Environmental section not
geared to upper grade
levels
Reports how lakes are
improving
Explain charts, provide
handouts of them
Grade Level of Class
If:
2

100%



















2nd
1

100%



















3rd
5

40%


















60%
4th
10

10%











10%






80%
5th
12




17%















83%
6th
10







10%
20%
10%










60%
8th
3
















33%



67%
9th
1




















100%
llth
1




















100%
12th
4








25%









25%

50%
Coll
1




















100%

-------
                                 Table 12aa
Please grade the Lake Guardian tour as a learning experience for your class:

BASE
The amount of time on the
ship
A
B
C
D
The videotape shown on
board
A
B
C
D
F
Explanation of the
mission of the Lake
Guardian
A
B
C
D
Presentation of the deck
equipment
A
B
C
D
Grade Level of Class
1st
2


50%
50%





50%
50%



50%

50%




100%
2nd
1

100%





100%





100%




100%



3rd
5

60%
20%

20%


50%
25%
25%



40%
60%



20%
80%


4th
10

63%
25%
13%


14%
29%
43%

14%


75%
25%



88%


13%
5th
12

73%

18%
9%

45%
9%
36%
9%



73%
27%



45%
36%
18%

6th
10

50%
25%
25%


38%
13%
50%




63%
13%
25%


50%
25%
25%

8th
3

67%
33%



50%

50%




100%




100%



9th
1


100%











100%



100%



llth
1



100%









100%




100%



12th
4

50%
25%
25%


25%
25%
25%

25%


75%
25%



75%

25%

Coll
1

100%




100%






100%





100%



-------
                           Table 12aa (Continued)
Please grade the Lake Guardian tour as a learning experience for your class:

BASE
Explanation of the
laboratories
A
B
C
D
Presentation of living
quarters
A
B
C
D
Presentation by the
captain
A
B
C
The handout materials
A
B
C
D
Grade Level of Class
1st
2




50%
50%





100%


100%





50%
50%
2nd
1


100%





100%





100%



100%



3rd
5


20%
80%




75%
25%




80%
20%


40%
60%


4th
10


63%
38%




75%
13%
13%



88%
13%


50%
25%
13%
13%
5th
12


36%
27%
27%
9%


55%
27%
18%



78%
22%


55%
36%

9%
6th
10


50%
13%
38%



63%

38%



88%
13%


50%
38%
13%

8th
3


67%
33»




67%
33%




100%



50%

50%

9th
1



100%





100%






100%



100%

llth
1


100%





100%





100%





100%

12th
4


50%
50%




75%

25%



75%

25%

50%
50%


Coll
1


100%





100%





100%








-------
                  Table 13aa
Please grade the presentation of facts about:

BASE
The sampling program
A
B
C
D
F
Surface runoff from urban
and agricultural areas
A
B
C
D
F
Industrial discharge
A
B
C
D
F
Importance of proper
disposal of trash and
wastes
A
B
C
D
F
Grade Level of Class
1st
2



50%
50%







100%





100%







100%
2nd
1

100%






100%





100%







100%




3rd
5

25%
50%
25%




25%
25%


50%

25%
25%


50%



25%
25%


50%
4th
10

50%
38%
13%





57%
43%




57%
29%
14%





43%
29%
29%

5th
12

45%
27%
27%




36%
18%
9%
36%


36%
9%
18%
36%




36%
18%
27%
18%

6th
10

38%
38%
13%

13%


25%
13%
25%
25%
13%

29%
14%
29%
14%
14%



25%
25%
38%
13%

8th
3

67%
33%





33%
67%




33%
67%






67%
33%



9th
1


100%








100%




100%







100%


llth
1

100%








100%





100%






100%



12th
4

50%
25%
25%




50%

50%



50%

25%
25%




50%
25%
25%


Coll
1

100%








100%




100%






100%





-------
                  Table 13aa
Please grade the presentation of facts about:
                  (Continued)

BASE
Importance of the Great
Lakes
A
B
C
D
P
How students and their
families can help the G
L environment
A
B
C
D
F
Grade Level of Class
1st
2




50%

50%







100%
2nd
1


100%








100%



3rd
5


25%
25%


50%



25%
25%


50%
4th
10


25%
50%
25%






43%
43%
14%

5th
12


55%

36%
9%




45%

27%
27%

6th
10


50%
25%
13%

13%



29%
29%
14%
14%
14%
8th
3


100%








67%
33%


9th
1



100%








100%


llth
1



100%







100%



12th
4


75%


25%




67%
33%



Coll
1


100%







100%





-------
                  Table 14aa
Please tell us the reason for any low grades:

BASE
Tell of mission rather
than equipment
Technician could
demonstrate sampling
Videotape too mature for
younger students
Glare on videotape hard
to see/hear
Video indoors on cold
days
Less scientific
talk — more demonstration
Did not emphasize points
10-14
Long wait
A clean empty lab is
boring
Pilot House good with
working equipment
Too many "technical"
words
Unloading sewage during
visit unpleasant
distraction
Some areas not presented
or viewed
Too ru shed-need more
explanation
Would like longer visit
Students missed point re
less industrial
discharge currently
Grade Level of Class
1st
2

100%











50%






50%











2nd
1



100%

100%


























3rd
5

100%

20%

40%







20%














20%



4th
10

90%

10%









30%






10%











5th
12

50%

25%

33%

17%

17%

17%

8%
8%

17%

8%




17%







8%
6th
10

70%



30%

30%

20%



10%


10%






10%

20%

10%




8th
3

100%











33%













33%




9th
1

100%






























llth
1

100%






























12th
4

100%























25%






Coll
1

100%































-------
                  Table 14aa
Please tell us the reason for any low grades:
                  (Continued)

BASE
Give us specifics for
keeping waters clean
Too early in school
year/student focus on
living quarters
Hand out materials at end
of tour
Too many distractions
Did not discuss #s 10 &
11
Hands-on tour for older
(college) students
Hard to situate students
to see & hear topic of
discussion
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2
















2nd
1

100%














3rd
5















40%
4th
10




10%

20%
10%







30%
5th
12




8%




8%




8%
33%
6th
10















50%
8th
3















33%
9th
1









100%






llth
1









100%






12th
4











25%



50%
Coll
1











100%





-------
                            Table 15aa
Should EPA provide any of the following for your students to learn
        more about the Great Lakes and pollution control?

BASE
Information on how to
form environmental clubs
Suggestions for science
projects
Directions for scouting
projects
Additional classroom
materials
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2

50%
100%
100%

2nd
1


100%
100%

3rd
5

20%
20%
20%
60%
4th
10

50%
40%
10%
50%
30%
5th
12

50%
67%
33%
25%
25%
6th
10

30%
50%
10%
40%
30%
8th
3

67%
100%
67%
33%

9th
1

100%
100%
100%

llth
1

100%
100%
100%
100%

12th
4

75%
100%
75%
100%

Coll
1

100%
100%
100%
100%


-------
                             Table 15aa
 Should EPA provide any of the following for your students to learn
More about the Great Lakes and pollution control?  Other Suggestions.

BASE
Hands-on samples of
biological pollutants
Maritime charts for
Social Studies
enrichment
Location/cause of hot
spots
Would like longer (45
Minute?) visit
Wants EPA info and a
working tour of Lake
Guardian
Classroom visit by
science staff
Activities for home &
school to keep water
clean
Would have liked video
tape to show at school
before trip
Please send pre-visit
Resource books & tapes
mentioned
Good hands-on stuff
More take-home materials
Summer camp dealing with
EPA issues for
interested students
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
2




























100%
2nd
1
















100%












3rd
5




























100%
4th
10








10%










10%








80%
5th
12

8%


8%



















17%



67%
6th
10






10%

10%




20%














60%
8th
3























33%




67%
9th
1






















100%






llth
1




























100%
12th
4











25%















25%
50%
Coll
1























100%






-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                  (312) 263-2500
2.  Student Basic Tables: Totals 1992 and  1993

-------
    Table 1-S
 School Location

BASE
Alpena , MI
Buffalo, NY
Duluth, MN
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego , NY
Port Huron, MI
Rochester , NY
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Scarborough, Ontario
Toledo, OH
Not Stated
Survey Year
1992
140

26.4%




20.0%
20.0%

15.7%
17.9%

1993
1089
27.6%
3.5%
11.5%
18.5%
3.7%
9.2%


8.4%


17.7%
    Table 2-S
Class Grade Level

BASE
First grade
Second grade
Third grade
Fourth grade
Fifth grade
Sixth grade
Seventh grade
Eighth grade
Ninth grade
Twelfth grade
High School
Adult Education
College
Eleventh & Twelfth grades
Seventh & Eighth grades
Not stated
Survey Year
1992
140


30.0%


7.9%

26.4%


25.0%
10.7%




1993
1089
1.8%
.9%
10.0%
14.1%
29.9%
21.5%
.3%
3.8%
2.3%
1.9%


1.1%
1.5%
6.5%
4.3%

-------
                 Table 3-S
        How did you like your visit
    To the Lake Guardian research ship?

BASE
Great
Good
Okay
Boring
No response
Survey Year
1992
140
37.9%
31.4%
23.6%
4.3%
2.9%
1993
1089
50.4%
29.2%
16.9%
2.8%
.6%
                 Table 4-S
   What parts of the tour did you enjoy?

BASE
Being on a ship
The equipment on deck
The laboratories
The videotape
The galley and eating area
The sleeping quarters
The Pilot House
Talking to the captain & crew
Meeting the scientists
The hand-out materials
Survey Year
1992
118
55.9%
56.8%
43.2%
31.4%
30.5%
28.0%
46.6%
45.8%
37.3%
16.9%
1993
983
72.0%
44.4%
44.8%
16.8%
39.7%
45.2%
75.4%
57.3%
19.1%
21.6%
                 Table 5-S
          Did you tell your family
About what you learned on the Lake Guardian?

BASE
Yes
No
No response
Survey Year
1992
140
70.7%
22.1%
7.1%
1993
1089
80.7%
18.5%
.8%

-------
                  Table 6-S
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

The Great Lakes are the largest supply of fresh
water on earth.
Correct
Incorrect
The Lake Guardian shows that ships do not have to
pollute the water.
Correct
Incorrect
The Great Lakes can clean themselves up,
especially if people stop adding new pollution
to the water.
Correct
Incorrect
Trash thrown into the lakes does not harm the fish
because it quickly breaks down into atoms.
Incorrect
Correct
The more algae there is in the water, the better
it is for the fish.
Incorrect
Correct
Acid Rain comes from burning fossil fuels.
Incorrect
Correct
Survey Year
1992
81.4%
18.6%
89.3%
10.7%
76.4%
23.6%
8.6%
91.4%
37.. 9%
62.1%
24.3%
75.7%
1993
77.0%
23.0%
81.1%
18.9%
79.2%
20.8%
7.7%
92.3%
38.8%
61.2%
30.1%
69.9%

-------
            Table 6-S (Continued)
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

Acid Rain travels in the air for hundreds of miles
before falling as rain or snow.
Incorrect
Correct
Toxic chemicals that got into the lakes years ago
can be found today when scientists study samples
of lake bottom.
Incorrect
Correct
Fish in the Great Lakes do not suffer any ill
effects from toxic chemicals because they are
at the bottom of the food chain.
Incorrect
Correct
It is the job of the Lake Guardian to find out how
much pollution is in the waters of the Great
Lakes .
Incorrect
Correct
Canada and the Unites States of America are
working together to protect the Great Lakes
from pollution.
Incorrect
Correct
Today, industry discharges much more pollution
into the Great Lakes than it did in the past.
Incorrect
Correct
Survey Year
1992


27.9%
72.1%



13.6%
86.4%



8.6%
91.4%



6.4%
93.6%



12.9%
87.1%


50.7%
49.3%
1993


27.0%
73.0%



17.3%
82.7%



15.1%
84.9%



9.8%
90.2%



9.9%
90.1%


52.2%
47.8%

-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                   (312) 263-2500
Student  Special  Tables:

1sa -  Students  by  grade  groups

-------
             Table 1-Sa
          School Location

BASE
Alpena , MI
Buffalo, NY
Duluth, MN
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego, NY
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Not stated
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
139
60%


2%


30%
7%
4th-6th
714
30%
3%
18%
13%
6%
14%
6%
11%
7th-9th
69



100%




10th +
49

31%

57%


12%

             Table 2-Sa
         Class Grade Level

BASE
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
4th-6th
7th-9th
10th +
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
139
100.0%
4th-6th
714
100.0%
7th-9th
69
100.0%
10th +
49
100.0%
             Table 3-Sa
    How did you like your visit
To the Lake Guardian research ship?

BASE
Great
Good
Okay
Boring
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
139
74.8%
15.1%
7.9%
.7%
1.4%
4th-6th
714
49.0%
28.4%
19.0%
2.9%
.6%
7th-9th
69
34.8%
47.8%
17.4%
10th +
49
18.4%
59.2%
16.3%
6.1%

-------
                 Table 4-Sa
   What parts of the tour did you enjoy?

BASE
Being on a ship
The equipment on deck
The laboratories
The videotape
The galley and eating
area
The sleeping quarters
The Pilot House
Talking to the captain
and crew
Meeting the scientists
The hand-out materials
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
121
70.2%
54.5%
69.4%
17.4%
54.5%
33.1%
90.9%
72.7%
7.4%
47.1%
4th-6th
646
69.7%
43.2%
40.6%
17.0%
37.3%
48.9%
72.3%
50.8%
20.7%
20.9%
7th-9th
63
85.7%
63.5%
55.6%
15.9%
36.5%
52.4%
65.1%
63.5%
38.1%
14.3%
10th +
44
75.0%
59.1%
56.8%
4.5%
43.2%
43.2%
59.1%
59.1%
29.5%
13.6%
                 Table 5-Sa
          Did you tell your family
About what you learned on the Lake Guardian?

BASE
Yes
No
No response
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
139
77.7%
21.6%
.7%
4th-6th
714
81.2%
17.9%
.8%
7th-9th
69
73.9%
24.6%
1.4%
10th +
49
65.3%
32.7%
2.0%

-------
                  Table 6-Sa
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

Fresh water supply
Incorrect
Correct
Ships need not pollute
Incorrect
Correct
Lakes clean themselves
Incorrect
Correct
Trash not harmful
Incorrect
Correct
Algae not harmful
Incorrect
Correct
Acid Rain source
Incorrect
Correct
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
25.2%
74.8%
18.0%
82.0%
25.2%
74.8%
7.9%
92.1%
51.1%
48.9%
44.6%
55.4%
4th-6th
21.1%
78.9%
21.6%
78.4%
19.3%
80.7%
7.1%
92.9%
39.2%
60.8%
28.2%
71.8%
7th-9th
36.2%
63.8%
18.8%
81.2%
40.6%
59.4%
1.4%
98.6%
47.8%
52.2%
26.1%
73.9%
10th +
14.3%
85.7%
8.2%
91.8%
26.5%
73.5%
20.4%
79.6%
24.5%
75.5%
14.3%
85.7%

-------
            Table 6-Sa (Continued)
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

Acid Rain travels far
Incorrect
Correct
Toxic chemicals
Incorrect
Correct
Fish and toxic chemicals
Incorrect
Correct
Lake Guardian's job
Incorrect
Correct
Canada USA cooperation
Incorrect
Correct
Industry pollution
Incorrect
Correct
Grade Level Groups
lst-3rd
21.6%
78.4%
6.5%
93.5%
14.4%
85.6%
8.6%
91.4%
6.5%
93.5%
66.2%
33.8%
4th-6th
28.7%
71.3%
15.5%
84.5%
15.5%
84.5%
10.5%
89.5%
11.1%
88.9%
48.5%
51.5%
7th-9th
27.5%
72.5%
8.7%
91.3%
4.3%
95.7%
8.7%
91.3%
11.6%
88.4%
75.4%
24.6%
10th +
6.1%
93.9%
32.7%
67.3%
30.6%
69.4%
12.2%
87.8%
4.1%
95.9%
32.7%
67.3%

-------
                   Elaine Falk Katz, Ed.D., APR
                 HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, INC.
2611 Bayshore Bl                       Ste. 850, 35 E. Wacker
Tampa, Fl. 33629                            Chicago, II. 60601
(813) 251-3200 (fax/phone)                   (312) 263-2500
Student  Special  Tables:

Isaa  -  Students by  grade level

-------
  Table 1-Saa
School Location


BASE
Alpena, MI
Buffalo, NY
Duluth, MN
Erie, PA
Grosse Point, MI
Oswego, NY
Sault Ste. Marie, MI
Not stated
Grade Level of Class
1st
20






100%

2nd
10







100%
3rd
109
77%


3%


20%

4th
154
50%


10%
26%

14%

5th
326
17%

27%
23%

12%
6%
15%
6th
234
36%
10%
15%
2%

26%

11%
7th
3



100%




8th
41



100%




9th
25



100%




12th
21

71%




29%

Coll
12



100%





-------
   Table 2-Saa
Class Grade Level

BASE
Grade Level of Class
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
12th
Coll
Grade Level of Class
1st
20

100%










2nd
10


100%









3rd
109



100%








4th
154




100%







5th
326





100%






6th
234






100%





7th
3







100%




8th
41








100%



9th
25









100%


12th
21










100%

Coll
12











100%

-------
                          Table 3-Saa
How did you like your visit to the Lake Guardian research ship?


BASE
Great
Good
Okay
Boring
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
20
80.0%
15.0%

5.0%

2nd
10
60.0%
20.0%
20.0%


3rd
109
75.2%
14.7%
8.3%

1.8%
4th
154
64.3%
18.2%
16.2%
.6%
.6%
5th
326
55.2%
27.0%
14.4%
2.5%
.9%
6th
234
30.3%
37.2%
27.4%
5.1%

7th
3
33.3%
66.7%



8th
41
48.8%
46.3%
4.9%


9th
25
12.0%
48.0%
40.0%


12th
21
14.3%
47.6%
23.8%
14.3%

Coll
12
8.3%
91.7%




-------
             Table 4-Saa
What parts of the tour did you enjoy?

BASE
Being on a ship
The equipment on deck
The laboratories
The videotape
The galley and eating
area
The sleeping quarters
The Pilot House
Talking to the captain
and crew
Meeting the scientists
The hand-out materials
Grade Level of Class
1st
20
85.0%
60.0%
90.0%
25.0%
80.0%
10.0%
95.0%
75.0%
5.0%
40.0%
2nd
7
42.9%
42.9%
42.9%
28.6%
28.6%
14.3%
71.4%
100%
28.6%
42.9%
3rd
94
69.1%
54.3%
67.0%
14.9%
51.1%
39.4%
91.5%
70.2%
6.4%
48.9%
4th
139
77.0%
36.7%
33.1%
12.2%
29.5%
47.5%
80.6%
41.7%
10.8%
18.0%
5th
307
67.1%
48.5%
43.3%
23.1%
38.4%
45.3%
71.3%
52.8%
28.0%
26.7%
6th
200
68.5%
39.5%
41.5%
11.0%
41.0%
55.5%
68.0%
54.0%
16.5%
14.0%
7th
3
100%
66.7%
66.7%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
100%
66.7%
33.3%
8th
41
78.0%
73.2%
63.4%
22.0%
36.6%
48.8%
75.6%
73.2%
41.5%
17.1%
9th
19
100%
42.1%
36.8%
26.3%
52.6%
36.8%
36.8%
26.3%
5.3%
12th
19
68.4%
57.9%
73.7%
5.3%
31.6%
26.3%
42.1%
57.9%
42.1%
5.3%
Coll
12
58.3%
58.3%
50.0%
8.3%
16.7%
41.7%
50.0%
41.7%
41.7%

-------
                             Table 5-Saa
Did you tell your family about what you learned on the Lake Guardian?

BASE
Yes
No
No response
Grade Level of Class
1st
20
70.0%
30.0%
2nd
10
80.0%
20.0%
3rd
109
78.9%
20.2%
.9%
4th
154
86.4%
12.3%
1.3%
5th
326
84.7%
14.4%
.9%
6th
234
73.1%
26.5%
.4%
7th
3
100%
8th
41
82.9%
14.6%
2.4%
9th
25
56.0%
44.0%
12th
21
52.4%
47.6%
Coll
12
58.3%
33.3%
8.3%

-------
                 Table 6-Saa
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

Fresh water supply
Correct
Incorrect
Ships need not pollute
Correct
Incorrect
Lake clean themselves
Correct
Incorrect
Trash not harmful
Correct
Incorrect
Algae not harmful
Correct
Incorrect
Acid Rain source
Correct
Incorrect
Grade Level of Class
1st
80.0%
20.0%
75.0%
25.0%
65.0%
35.0%
90.0%
10.0%
15.0%
65.0%
90.0%
10.0%
2nd
80.0%
20.0%
70.0%
30.0%
80.0%
20.0%
80.0%
20.0%
70.0%
30.0%
90.0%
10.0%
3rd
73.4%
26.6%
84.4%
15.6%
76.1%
23.9%
93.6%
6.4%
53.2%
46.8%
45.9%
54.1%
4th
64.3%
35.7%
74.7%
25.3%
73.4%
26.6%
81.2%
18.8%
43.5%
56.5%
53.2%
46.8%
5th
82.8%
17.2%
85.9%
14.1%
85.0%
15.0%
95.7%
4.3%
66.6%
33.4%
78.2%
21.8%
6th
82.9%
17.1%
70.5%
29.5%
79.5%
20.5%
96.6%
3.4%
64.1%
35.9%
75.2%
24.8%
7th
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
66.7%
33.3%
8th
51.2%
48.8%
78.0%
22.0%
61.0%
39.0%
97.6%
2.4%
48.8%
51.2%
73.2%
26.8%
9th
80.0%
20.0%
84.0%
16.0%
52.0%
48.0%
100%
64.0%
36.0%
76.0%
24.0%
12th
90.5%
9.5%
85.7%
14.3%
71.4%
28.6%
100%
95.2%
4.8%
95.2%
4.8%
Coll
75.0%
25.0%
91.7%
8.3%
75.0%
25.0%
100%
100%
83.3%
16.7%

-------
           Table 6-Saa (Continued)
   Please circle T for True or F for False:
Percent of students who gave correct response

Acid Rain travels
Correct
Incorrect
Toxic chemicals
Correct
Incorrect
Fish and toxic chemicals
Correct
Incorrect
Lake Guardian's job
Correct
Incorrect
Canada USA cooperation
Correct
Incorrect
Industry pollution
Correct
Incorrect
Grade Level of Class
1st
75.0%
25.0%
95.0%
5.0%
65.0%
35.0%
100%
90.0%
10.0%
25.0%
75.0%
2nd
90.0%
10.0%
90.0%
10.0%
80. 0%
20.0%
90.0%
10.0%
90.0%
10.0%
80.0%
20.0%
3rd
78.0%
22.0%
93.6%
6.4%
89.9%
10.1%
89.9%
10.1%
94.5%
5.5%
31.2%
68.8%
4th
64.9%
35.1%
59.7%
40.3%
58.4%
41.6%
77.9%
22.1%
78.6%
21.4%
44.8%
55.2%
5th
69.6%
30.4%
93.3%
6.7%
90.8%
9.2%
96.0%
4.0%
91.7%
8.3%
53.1%
46.9%
6th
77.8%
22.2%
88.5%
11.5%
92.7%
7.3%
88.0%
12.0%
91.9%
8.1%
53.8%
46.2%
7th
66.7%
33.3%
100%
100%
66.7%
33.3%
100%
33.3%
66.7%
8th
75.6%
24.4%
87.8%
12.2%
95.1%
4.9%
92.7%
7.3%
87.8%
12.2%
31.7%
68.3%
9th
68.0%
32.0%
96.0%
4.0%
96.0%
4.0%
92.0%
8.0%
88.0%
12.0%
12.0%
88.0%
12th
85.7%
14.3%
100%
100%
76.2%
23.8%
100%
76.2%
23.8%
Coll
100%
100%
100%
91.7%
8.3%
83.3%
16.7%
75.0%
25.0%

-------