-------
part of the south side of Chicago in Illinois. The area is highly industrial-
ized. There are ten major steel mills including the United, States Steel
Corporation's Gary Works, Gary Sheet and Tin Mill, Youngstown Sheet and Tube
Company, and Inland Steel Company in Indiana and United States Steel's South
Works, the Wisconsin Steel Company, the Interlace Iron Corporation, the
Republic Steel Corporation and the Acme Steel Company in Illinois. There
are five petroleum refineries including the American Oil Company, the Cities
Service Petroleum Company, the IfcTbil Oil Company, and the Sinclair Refining
Company, in Indiana and the Clark Oil and Refining Co. in Illinois. Other
industries include Lever Brothers, Union Carbide Chemical, I.E. Du Pont,
M. & T. Chemicals, American Maize and a large number of smaller concerns.
These industries are located in three major groups. One group is
concentrated along the Calumet River in Illinois. Another is along the In-
diana Harbor Canal and the third is in Gary, Indiana and discharges to the
headwaters of the Grand Calumet River. These three groups make the Calumet
Area one of the most important industrial centers in the nation.
-------
CHICAGO SOUTH DIST
SCALE IN MILES
LOCATION MAP
CALUMET AREA
US.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AOMIN,
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
-------
DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS
Stream and Harbor Sampling Programs
During the period July to December 1966 seventeen stream, harbor
and water intake stations were sampled on a weekly basis for chemical and
microbiological quality. Thirteen of these were sampled during the entire
period. The remaining four are lake stations that require a boat for samp-
ling. These were not sampled after October 27, 1966 due to ice and inclement
weather on the lake. The results of this program are the basis for this
report.
Beach Sampling Program
Sampling on seven beaches in the area was initiated on May 31> 1966
and continued on a twice weekly basis until September 15, 1966. Six of
these beaches are located on Lake Michigan and one on Wolf Lake. Five of
the beaches were sampled at their mid-points in water approximately four
feet deep. Two beaches, Rainbow Beach and Calumet Inner Beach, were sampled
at two points each at the one third points. Samples were collected on Tues-
day and Thursday of each week and analyzed for total coliforms, fecal coli-
forms and fecal streptococci. This program was coordinated with the beach
sampling programs of the Chicago Park District and the Indiana State Board
of Health and data was distributed freely among the agencies. The results
of the beach sampling program for the 1966 season were presented in the pro-
gress report covering the period January to June 1966.
Hydraulic Measurements Program
No gaging stations are maintained by the U. S. Geological Survey in
the Grand Calumet-Indiana Harbor Canal drainage system. Therefore, six
continuous water level recorders have been installed on these streams. The
streams are being gaged at these stations so that rating curves can be
developed for each station. The stage vs discharge relationship in the
Indiana Harbor Canal and eastern portion of the Grand Calumet River is
seriously distorted by fluctuations in the level of Lake Michigan. Special
flow area, velocity and stream slope studies are being made in order to de-
velop flow data for these streams.
Information provided by the U. S. Geological Survey and the Metropoli-
tan Sanitary District will be used as the basis for flow calculations on
the Little Calumet River, the Calumet River and Wolf Lake Outlet.
The purpose of this program is to develop flow data for all of the
sampling stations in the surveillance area except for those located in Lake
Michigan.
Automatic Monitoring Program
Many operations of the industries in the basin require discharge of
wastes on a batch basis, and wastes from these tanks may be dumped at any
-------
time of the day, 'week, or month depending on the needs of the industry. These
discharges and accidental spills of oil or other pollutants could pass into
Lake Michigan or down the Illinois River unobserved by a once-a-week sampling
program.
During November 1965 an automatic water quality monitoring station was
installed in Indiana Harbor at the East Breakwall Inner Light. This installa-
tion continuously records the dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and
temperature of the water flowing past this point into Lake Michigan. A
complete report on this installation was given in report covering the period
June through November 1965.
A second monitor was installed during August 1966 to measure the same
parameters at the mouth of the Calumet River. This monitor replaces the semi-
portable, temporary monitor that had been located there during 1965. A
complete report on this new installation is included as an appendix to this
report. It is planned to mount the semi-portable monitor in a boat and use
it for profile studies of the various streams in the area. This procedure
should be of value in pinpointing specific sources of wastes in the area.
An automatic sampling device will be installed on each monitor as soon
as it becomes available. This device will automatically collect a sample
when one or more of the parameters being monitored exceed certain limits.
This year it is planned to install two additional monitors and a
central control station to which all the data .will be continuously telemetered.
One monitor will be located at Wentworth Avenue on the Little Calumet River
and will monitor the quality of the water flowing across the state line at
this point. The other will be located on the Grand Calumet River below
the industrial complex at Gary, Indiana. This will monitor pollutants dis-
charged to the headwaters of the stream and may enable warnings to be given
to downstream uses of the approaching pollution. Eventually a network of
six monitors is planned for the area.
Biological Surveying Program
The kinds and numbers of aquatic plants and animals inhabiting a
particular body of water and the stream or lake bottom beneath it, reflect
the quality of the water that prevails in the area. Some organisms are
capable of withstanding polluted conditions and will multiply rapidly when
competition from other less tolerant organisms is eliminated. These pollu-
tion tolerant organisms include sludgewormsy bloodworms, leaches, blue green
algae and pulmonate snails. In an unpolluted environment the number of these
organisms is restricted by competition from other species but when the other
species are killed off by pollution they multiply rapidly. Therefore, the
continuous or sudden introduction of toxic wastes, settleable solids or
oxygen consuming materials alters the composition of the benthic population.
A balanced population is not restored Immediately upon the return of opti-
mum water quality because of the lengths of ^bhe life cycles of those organ-
isms which vary from weeks to years. This fact makes it possible to detect
-------
slugs of pollution that have passed through a sampling station.
Fifteen substrate samples of the Dendy type -were made and used in
the waters of the Calumet area during October through November 1965 on an
experimental basis. The results obtained from these samples have been com-
pared with the more standard dredge samples that were taken at the same
time. The results of this experiment are not conclusive. Further experi-
mentation with this sampling method is planned next spring.
During July 1966 a biological survey was made of the Calumet and
portions of the Little Calumet River and bottom muds were sampled in the
Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Canal to determine the quality of the
material dredged from these streams. The results of these surveys are pre-
sented as a part of this report.
8
-------
CONCLUSIONS
1. The water quality in the Little Calumet River at the state line
has greatly improved since 1963 and progress on domestic pollution is still
being made. The stream is still polluted and does not meet the recommended
criteria.
2. The vater quality in the Grand Calumet River at the state line
improved considerably before December 1966 but deteriorated badly in Decem-
ber.
3. The microbiological quality of the Grand Calumet-Indiana Harbor
Canal system has improved considerably since 1965 due to the sewer separa-
tion program of the industries, but industrial pollution has become more
severe.
k. Wolf Lake is a clean body of water which meets most of the recom-
mended criteria. Occasional detergent spills are the only significant pollu-
tion problem.
5. The water at intakes in the inner harbor basins meets some of
the recommended criteria but is affected by wastes from Indiana Harbor.
6. The water at municipal intakes in open Lake Michigan substantially
meets the recommended criteria.
7. The water of Wolf Lake, and open waters of Lake Michigan, do not
meet the recommended criteria for pH or for maximum acceptable ammonia
nitrogen concentration.
-------
SPECIAL ADDENDUM
On January IT, 1967 the superintendent of the East Chicago Water
Filtration Plant (Station 15) reported that his plant experienced a severe
taste and odor problem on the previous weekend. He further stated that
taste and odor problems have occurred on several weekends in the past.
This was confirmed by the superintendent of the Hammond Water Filtration
Plant who stated that he always has taste and odor problems but that they
are more severe on weekends.
In order to investigate this problem special sampling runs were
made on Friday, Januaiy 20, 1967, Saturday, January 21 and Sunday, January
22. The Indiana Harbor Canal was sampled at 151st St. (Sta. 2) and Dickey
Road (Sta. 3). Indiana Harbor was sampled at the monitor (Sta.6) and the
East Chicago and Hammond water intakes (Stations 15 and l£) were sampled
for phenols and cyanides. The following tables are the results of this
sampling:
Friday, Januaiy 20, 1967
Station Water Temp.°C Wind Direction
2
6
15
16
10
9
14
0
0
south
Saturday, Januaiy 21, 1967
2
6
15
16
10
10
9
1
1
Sunday, January 22, 1967
2
6
15
16
11
11
9
1
1
southwest
calm
south
Cyanide
mg/1
0.22
0.21
0.29
0.01
none found
0.15
0.20
0.32
none found
0.02
0.23
0.12
0.3^
none found
0.02
Phenol
135
183
216
3
2
161
192
138
2
29
135
60
185
1
16
It is evident that wind induced currents directed the pollution
away from the East Chicago intake toward the Hammond intake. The Saturday
and Sunday phenols at the Hammond intake were far higher than we had found
10
-------
during almost six mouths of sampling on week days.
Phenols at l^lst Street and Dickey Road were high but not higher
than weekly values during the winter months. The phenols at the monitor
in Indiana Harbor were higher than normal.
Cyanides were not higher than the weekly samples but were consider-
ably above tolerable limits.
In addition to these data a very large amount of floating oil was
observed at all stations on Sunday.
These data indicate that large amounts of phenol were discharged
into Indiana Harbor or the Indiana Harbor Canal below Dickey Road during
Friday or early on Saturday morning. This fact, and the reported weekend
problems with taste and odors, strongly suggest that the Inland Steel
Company or the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, or both, are the source
or sources.
11
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
Stations 1,233
U.S.DEPARTMENT OFTHE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINi
Great Lakes Region Chicago.lllinois
STA. 3-DICKEY ROAD BRIDGE
(IHC 334.6)
M i c h i g a n
STA. i -PENNA. R.R. BRJDGE
(GC 336.4)
-------
WATER QUALITY
Stream, Harbor and Water Intake Sampling
Thirteen stream and harbor stations were sampled for bacteriological
and chemical quality during the last six months of 1966. Four water intakes
located in Lake Michigan and designated as control points by the technical
committee, have been sampled since August 3, 1966. Samples were collected
once each week except that stations requiring a boat -could not be sampled
during severe weather. All stream stations were sampled at mid-stream
except for the monitor stations, Nos. 6 and 11, which were sampled at the
water quality monitor intake. The samples for bacteriological analysis were
taken at a depth of 6 inches to 1 foot. 'The samples for chemical analysis
were taken at mid-depth or 10 feet in the case of navigable channels. All
water intake samples were taken from the raw water tap at the filtration
plant.
All samples were immediately preserved and/or iced where required
in accordance with procedures established in "Standard Methods for Examina-
tion of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, 1965." Laboratory analysis on
samples subject to deterioration was initiated on the same day they were
collected.
Bacteriological analyses were performed in accordance with "Standard
Methods." Total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci counts
were made on each sample. The results of these analyses are presented in
bar graphs for each station. All values on these bar graphs and in the
following discussion are the number of organisms per 100 ml.
Chemical analyses were performed in accordance with methods agreed
upon at the Calumet Area Enforcement Laboratory Directors' Meeting held on
April 29, 1965.
Station 1 - Grand Calumet River at Pennsylvania R. R. Bridge
This station is located upstream of the Gary Sewage Treatment Plant
where the bulk of the flow is from the United States Steel Company's complex
at Gary, Indiana, located approximately two miles upstream.
The data (Table l) indicate that the trends reported in the January
to June 1966 report have continued. Progress has been made toward abating
the domestic pollution problem but the industrial waste problem is becoming
more severe.
The Microbiological Water Quality graphs on page Ik indicate that
the average and median coliforms were higher during the last half of 1966
than during the first half, probably because the average water temperature
Lwas l5°C during the first -six months and 22o4°C during the last six months.
"This was also true for all of the other stations.
13
-------
CHICAGO
•17
(monitor)
J.\12
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station f
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
1.
( )No. of samples
-Max.
I06_
101
101.
•
10!
I02
<
c
(2
*
2,ioo,oodO_
)
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c
5)
6)
12
' C
)
6, '°4-,
) loL
-
101
10'
JULY-DEC. '65 JAM-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I05_
—
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;
5.'
101
-
]
.
c
6) ~
(2
>
) <
5)
loi
-
-
10!
10'
JULY-DEC. %5 JAN.-JUNE66 JULY-DEC.«6
FECAL STREP.
(26)
1
(
C
z
cc
o
z
1-
co
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K-
>)
' 1
6
)
JULY-DEt '65 JAN.-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC.'66
FECAL COLIFORMS
111
-------
TABUS 1
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 1 - GRAND CALUMET RIVER AT PENNSYLVANIA R.R. BRIDGE-GO 336.6
Parameter
Water Temp.
pH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
NOg+N03-N
Org. N
SOI POlj:
Total POij.
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
July 1965-Dec. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
°C 29 12 21.8 21
7.5 4.1 - 6.9
untiio/cm - - - -
mg/1 -
" 8.7 1.1 4.6 4.3
17.0 5.7 9.98 8.4
152 7.9 42.2 31
186 32 60 52
. - .
» _
3-70 0.87 1.53 1.45
3.65 0.32 0.897 0.68
3.71 0.06 1.48 0.65
0.33 0.00 0.10 0.08
1.2 0.10 0.36 0.29
29.0 2.2 8.78 6.15
" 0.80 0.00 0.32 0.02
130 26 46.55 42
364 170 225.77 225
ug/1 392 10.0 79.14 30.0
Data based on 19 samples
Jan. 1966- June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
28 10 16 16
8.0 3.6 - 6.9
765 308 399 380
>
9.00 2.50 5.83 5.80
16 2.4 8.6 8.6
43 21 28 27
200 37 66 56
40 14 20 18
0.28 0.07 0.14 0.32
4.4 1.5 2.4 2.4
11.3 0.18 0.89 0.55
1.2 0.0 0.40 0.40
0.41 0.02 0.19 0.17
0.58 0.11 0.26 0.23
48 3-2 9»7 5.8
0.63 0.00 0.32 0.39
125 30 67 68
380 205 247 235
320 18 126 329
Data based on 26 samp3jes
July 1966-Dec. 1966'
Max Min Mean Median
32 10 22.4 24
7.1 6.5 - 6.8
580 345 392 375
122 80 100 101
8.85 2.10 4.83 4.80
15 3.0 8.03 7.9
55 14 33 33
71 39 53.8 54
27 10 14.8 17
.22 .08 .136 .13
4.20 .88 2.08 1.7
0.90 0.09 0.52 0.55
1.1 0.1 0.5 0.4
0.40 0.01 0.05 0.03
0.86 0.13 0.32 0.27
40 2.6 16.5 14
0.58 0.01 0.22 0.20
195 29 74 62
294 109 226 230
254 7.6 53.2 43
Data, based on 26 samples
-------
Median and average total coliform and fecal streptococci counts from
July-December 1966 were approximately one tenth of their levels during the
same period in 1965. This, combined with the fact that the water temperatures
were slightly higher in 1966, indicates that the improvement noted in our
previous report has been continued.
On July 28, 1966 there was one very high total coliform count of
2.,100,000 per 100 ml. The maximum fecal coliform count also occurred on
that date. The high counts must have resulted from an accidental spill or
overflow to the stream because they do not represent the general quality of
the stream.
Although an improvement has been made, the microbiological pollution
of the stream is still too great to meet any reasonable criteria that may
be established for the stream.
Data in Table 1 "Chemical Quality of Water" clearly indicate the in-
creased levels of industrial waste pollution. The rise iiTwater temperature
since 1965 is attributable to the use of more cooling water. Other water
quality indices affected by wastes from steel mills show considerable in-
creases. Total iron increased from an average of 8.78 mg/1 in 1965 to
16.5 mg/l in 1966. Cyanides rose from 0.12 mg/1 to 0.22 mg/1 and the median
phenol value rose from 30.0 ug/1 to 4 3 ug/1. It should be noted in the
July-December 1965 data the mean phenol value was affected by one unusually
high value. Suspended and dissolved solids also increased. Oil has been
reported on the surface at every sampling.
Sulphates, which is an indicator of spent pickle liquor, did not in-
crease. This may be the result of the deep well injection system that has
been built by the steel companies for the disposal of this waste. No large
slugs of spent pickling liquor such as the one reported on June 3, 1966
were detected during the last half of 1966.
Station 2 - Indiana Harbor Canal at l^lst St.
This station was established in order to determine the quality of
the water in the canal where it is formed by the two portions of the Grand
Calumet River. The stream at this point is affected by effluent from the
Gary, Hammond and East Chicago sewage treatment plants as well as effluents
from a number of industries on the Grand Calumet River. The Gary and East
Chicago sewage treatment plants are chlorinating their effluent at present.
The trends noted in the report on January-June 1966 and at Station 1
continue to be evident at this station. A comparison of the microbiological
bar graphs for Stations 1 and 2 shows that the patterns are the same but
the level of pollution is higher. Once again the increase over the first
half of 1966 is attributed to the temperature differential and a consider-
able improvement in quality over January-June 1965 is evident. The higher
16
-------
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 2
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
L
^(monitor)
.^Lofce Michigan
151s1 ST. BRIDGE
loL
JOl
tot
•
101
in3
lot
t.
f ~
r «>«-.
b j
C
C
•
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)
Is'
J> ioL
-
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I01
JULY-DEC. '65 JAM-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
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!)
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JULY - DEC. '65 JAN.- JUNE '66 JULY - DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
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JULY-DEC '65 JAM-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
FECAL COLIFORMS
IT
-------
TABLE 2
CHEMICAL QUALITr OP WATER
STATION 2 - INDIANA HARBOR CANAL - 151ST ST.-3EC 331.9
Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol PO^
Total POj^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
July 1965-Dec.
Max Min Mean
°C
umho/cm
mg/1
»
"
"
it
11
"
11
TI
II
II
II
II
II
II
"
US/1
27
7.3
-
-
7.7
13.0
148
128
-
-
4.0
2.20
4.30
0.84
4.60
15.0
0.53
136
640
308.0
Data
"11 T Q *•»
L 1, 'f* ^ <
6.3 -
-
-
2.1 4.4
4.4 9.0
7-7 41.7
50 70
-
_
0.77 2.45
0.23 1.13
0.30 1.17
0.11 0.49
0.52 1.26
0.78 4.55
0.00 0.11
10 41.3
24o 297
9.0 71.2
based on 15
1965
Median
18.5
7.0
-
-
4.6
11.0
39.5
66
-
-
2.8
1.10
0.90
0.46
1.15
1.50
0.20
34
270
25
samples
Jan. 1966-June
Max Min Mean
26
7-9
530
-
8.1
22
60
138
70
0.61
4.7
1-5
1.3
1.32
2.0
17
0.44
110
375
228
Data
5
6.5
430
-
0.20
4.9
18
74
29
0.16
2.4
0.21
0.00
0.19
0.32
1.8
0.00
23
250
23
based
15
-
473
-
5.07
8.9
29
88
36
0.29
3.4
0.80
0.6
0.58
0.82
5-5
0.19
61
295
107
1966
Median
15
7.0
480
-
5.60
7.6
28
87
32
0.29
3-3
0.80
0.7
0.50
0.75
4.4
0.16
59
295
111
on 26 samples
July 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
31 10
7.2 6.3
550 385
156 84
7.15 0.85
14 5.2
59 17
99 50
40 16
0.30 0.13
5.1 1.6
1.70 0.08
5.0 0.1
0.8l 0.10
2.8 0.56
29 2.8
0.20 0.04
l£2 7
300 160
263 15
Data based
22.0
-
456
1966
Median
22.0
6.9
450
111.7 105
3.69
8.94
34.6
72.8
25
0.21
3.6
0.73
0.87
0.42
1.44
12.3
0.10
60.8
256.
3.65
8.7
33
73
25
0.22
3.1
0.65
0.6
0.40
1.3
12
0.09
55
8 260
47.0 32
on 26
samples
-------
level of microbiological pollution is due to the sewage treatment plants that
affect Station 2.
The pattern of increasing industrial pollution is also the same with
one exception. Cyanides originating upstream of Station 1 would be expected
to degrade considerably before reaching Station 2. This was not the case in
1965. It is likely that there was a source of cyanide between the two
stations. In 1966, however, the cyanides at Station 2 were considerably
lower than at Station 1 which may indicate that cyanide from that source has
been abated.
Samples from this station were composited on a monthly basis sad
analyzed for heavy metals. The following are average values for the last six
months of 1966:
Cadmium less than 0.005 mg/1
Copper 0.07 "
Chromium 0.07 "
Potassium 4.6 "
Manganese 0.27 "
Lead 0.14 "
Kiclsel 0.03 "
Arsenic less than 0.001 "
Zinc 1.17 "
Sodium 18
Station 3 - Indiana Harbor Canal at Dickey Road
This station is located two and a half miles downstream from 151st
St, (Station 2) and is the last highway bridge across the canal before it
discharges into Indiana Harbor.
The trends in water quality noted at the two upstream stations also
occurred at this station. The bacterial counts were lower in 1966, the
dissolved oxygen higher and industrial pollution more evident.
The decline in sewage pollution reported in the January-June 1966
report is confirmed by the July-December data. DO increased despite the
fact that the median temperature increased from 21.5°C to 25°C. The graph
"Microbiological Water Quality-Station 3" on page 20 reveals lower coliform
counts in 1966 but this reduction is not as sharp as the reduction at the
two upstream stations.
Although some improvement has been made; DO was often zero during
July, August and September 1966 and gassing was noted on several occasions.
19
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 3
FIT
(monitor)
U.& DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
_6(monitor)
.~Loke Michigan
DICKEY RD. BRIDGE
No. of Samples
Max.
,oL
lOl
I05_
lOl
in3
10!
(2
(
(
?' (26)
> (2
) (
(
ll
d
)
> c
'o5-.
3
-
"
L to!
I02
JULY-DEC. "65 JAM- JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I06_
I05_
(2
<
(
0) ro
>
f
P
d
s>
11
<
> c
y I0l-
-
>
\ 10
P :
I02
JULY-DEC. '65 JAN.-JUNE'66 JULY-DEC.B6
FECAL STREP.
(26)
o
o
>
) 1
JULY-DEC fcS JAN.-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
FECAL COLIFORMS
20
-------
TABLE
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 3 - INDIANA HARBOR CANAL A3? DICKET ROAD-3HC 334.6
Parameter
Water Temp.
pH
Conductivity
AUsalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
Org. N
Sol,PO]j.
Total PO^
Iron
Cyanide
Sue. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
July
Max
°C 29
7.3
TXQlElO/ CI& **
mg/i
6.40
" 11.0
147.00
96.00
I
3.40
3.50
" 5.40
0.86
1.10
4.90
0.29
11 4i.o
360.0
ug/i 232.0
1965-Dec. 1965
Min Mean Median
11
6.3
0.00
3.5
0.00
45.60
—
1.10
0.31
0.08
o.o4
0.24
0.88
0.00
6.5
240.0
1.2
Data based on
20
-
1.82
6.25
33-95
70.64
mm
2.48
1.15
1.68
0.29
0.59
2.35
0.03
15.94
291.4
39.0
21.5
7.0
0.25
5-7
27-3
74
—
2.65
1.05
1.05
0.285
0.55
2.05
0.00
15.0
290
20.0
26 samples
Jan. 1966- June
Max Min Mean
27
8*0
615
6.70
9.0
33
122
44
0.35
6.7
2.8
2.4
0.54
0.73
9.0
0*56
84
385
483
Data
9
6.4
400
0.00
2.2
12
59
22
0.17
2.6
0.15
0.3
0.11
0.26
0.99
0.00
6
220
16
based
15
-
501
3.10
5.1
22
80
29
0.24
3.7
0.84
0.7
0.32
0.47
3.16
Oil3
25
314
102
on 26
1966
Median
14
7.0
505
4.10
5-3
22
78
29
0.24
3.6
0.75
0.6
0.29
0.46
2.3
0*13
19
310
61
samples
July 1966-Dee.
Max Min Mean
31 8
7.1 6.7
800 410
122 65
7.20 0.00
18 2,5
47 15
100 6l
47 22
0.55 0.17
5.8 1.5
2.40 0.20
4.5 0.2
0.50 0.08
1.3 0.05
7-7 1.6
0.27 0.01
64 4
336 141
235 10
Data based
21.1
--
495
104
2.04
5-9
24.6
75
30.6
0.34
3.4
0.71
0.9
0.22
.75
3.1
0.07
23
1966
Median
25
6.9
470
111
1.55
5.0
24
81
30
0.30
3-2
0.65
0.7
0.22
0.73
2.9
0.04
21
272.7 280
35
on 26
24
samples
-------
The industrial waste parameters follow the pattern established at
the upstream stations; significantly higher total iron, cyanide, suspended
solids and phenols. The sulphates also increased from a median of 74 in
July-December 1965 to a median of 8l in July-December 1966.
Samples for this station were composited on a monthly basis and
analyzed for heavy metals. The following are average values for the last
six months of 1966:
Cadmium less than 0.005 mg/1
Copper 0.08 "
Chromium 0.04 "
Potassium 4.5 "
Nknganese 0.22 "
Lead 0.06
Nickel 0.03
Arsenic less than 0*001 "
Zinc 0.63
Sodium 21
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
Stations 4,586
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
M i c h i g an
Lake
Calumet
TA. 6 -INDIAN A HARBOR MONITOR
(IHC 336.25)
STA. 5-INDIANA HARBOR OUTER
LIGHTS (IHC 336,2)
TA. 4-CANAL MOUTH PIERHEAD
LIGHTS (IHC 335,7)
HAMMOND
-------
Stations k, 5 and 6 - Indiana Harbor
Indiana Harbor was sampled at three points during 1966. Station k
is located at the mouth of the Indiana Harbor Canal, upstream of the Inland
Steel and Youngstown Sheet and Tube turning basins. Station 5 is located
immediately downstream of the turning basins and downstream from all indus-
trial outfalls to the harbor. The average dry weather flow to Lake Michi-
gan past this station is 2700 cfs, but under certain wind and lake level
conditions lake water is backed up into the harbor for short periods of
time. Station 6 is located at the east breakwall inner light which is about
150 feet from Station 5 and contains a water quality monitoring station.
Station 6 was established to correlate the monitoring program with tfoe
sampling program.
Stations k and 5 are boat stations and cannot be sampled in rough
weather. During 1966 they were sampled between March 31* 1966 and October
27, 1966, therefore the data at these stations is less affected by the
colder months.
The trends observed at the upstream stations were also apparent at
these stations. At Station k, the coliform counts, graphed on page 25, were
higher during the last six months of 1966, probably because of the higher
average temperature. The average temperature during January-June 1966 was
18°C, and 2ii-.5°C during the July-December period. The counts for all three
bacterial parameters were lower in the last half of 1966 than in the last
half of 1965.
At Stations 5 and. 6 the microbiological quality improved since the
f irst^ half of 1966. The graphs on pages 26 and 27 show lower counts in spite
of the higher water temperatures during the last half of the year. It
appears that discharges of sewage directly to Indiana Harbor have been re-
duced.
Industrial wastes did not follow a like pattern. As they have in
all the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal stations, these parameters
have shown a steady increase. Tables 1* and jf show increased concentrations
of ammonia nitrogen, total and soluble phosphates, iron, cyanide, suspended
solids and phenols. December 1966 values for phenols and cyanide were very
high at Station 6. Higher water temperatures in 1966 than in 1965 may be
the result of more cooling water being discharged to the streams* This in
itself is not serious but the higher temperatures should result in lower
phenols, cyanides and ammonia concentrations because high temperature speeds
the decomposition of these compounds. The fact that the concentrations went
up when they should have gone down indicates increased discharges to the
canal and harbor.
-------
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 4
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
^(monitor)
^Lake Michigan
PIERHEAD LIGHTS (CANAL MOUTH)
(J No. of Samples
r Max.
10S_
wl
lOt
rod
I02
£
<
5
i
>
f |
<
J
I06_
i
i8' (!
>
r
•
$
> I0~
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_
-
1
10
AUG; -DEC. '65 APR- JUNE fee JULY-OCI/66 j
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I06_
ioL
L
(6)
T r'
•
1
p c
V
I04-
-
>
b
1
. I02
AUG. -DEC. '65 APR-JUNE '66 JULY-OCT/66
FECAL STREP.
(.
z
i *
O
©
(O
Ul
1-
^k
5)
j
JULY-DEC 165 APR.-JUNE '66 JULY-OCT.B6
FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 5
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region ChioggcvIIJinois
Sfrnonitor)
Lake Michigan
INDIANA HARBOR OUTER LIGHTS
I06_
wi
101
10!
I02
(6)
c
}
; «
lot
0 (
* t
3)
I04_
) -
ID!
101
10
AUG. -DEC. '65 APR- JUNE '66 JULY- OCT. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
(.
c
C
i)
p
(I
)
I05_
lOt.
2)
t
' (
ioi
r' :
) loi
10
AUG. -DEC. '65 APR.-JUN£'66 JULY-OST.'66
FECAL
STREP.
1(12)
1
•-
AUG. -DEC. '65 APRrJUNE '66 JULY-OCl'66
FECAL COLIFORMS
26
-------
CHICAGO
Fir—
(monitor)
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 6
U.a DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
"1.
^(monitor)
>l5«--"te Michigan
INDIANA HARBOR MONITOR
( >No. of Samples
"Max.
K£_
K>L
101
•
10!
I02
lol
T ¥' "
<
o
UJ
_J /
* 1
<
CO
H
O
z
)
<
)
(
10%
> ]
) .oL
-
• loL.
10
JULY-DEC. '65 JAN- JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I05_
;
10%
Q
UJ
si
^
< a
CO
(--
o
Z (
t
-1 (25) I0l
)
<
:> t
-^
p
) <
10
JULY-DEC.'eS JAN.-JUNE'66 JULY-DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
l?
126)
SAMPLED
K-
O
Z
i c
5)
i
JULY-DEC %5 JAN.-JUNE '&6 JUUY-DEC.fee
FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
TABLE
CHEMICAL QUALUr OF WATER
STATION 4 - INDIANA HARBOR CANAL AT PIERHEAD LIGHTS-3HC 335.7
Parameter
Water Terap.
pH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol POj^.
Total PO^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Bis. Solids
phenol
Turbidity
Aug
Max
°C 26
7.3
utnho/cni -
mg/1
6.6
9.1
126
62
"
11
" 1.90
0.74
1.74
" 0.10
0.29
" 5-00
0.01
107
253
ug/1 42
units
Data
, 1965-Dec.
Min Mean
11
6.8
-
-
2.36
2.8
0
&
-
-
0.75
0.29
0.30
0.03
6.08
2.00
0.00
11
215
5-55
:
based
20.8
_
-
-
3.81
4.7
37.5
52
-
-
1.21
0.42
0.94
0.06
0.18
2.92
1965
Median
23
7.1
-
-
3-50
3-9
9-3
55
-
-
1.14
0.38
0.50
0.06
0.17
2.55
0.001 0.00
30.8
238
16.4
13
235
13
-
on 7 samples
Apr. 1966-June
Max Min. Mean
24
8.0
460
-
5.2
5.0
18
84
30
0.25
5.6
0.55
0.9
0.19
0.27
4.9
0.25
81
305
26
-
Data
12
6.8
385
-
2.05
2.4
n
23
21
0.07
2.2
0.11
0.0
0.06
0.09
1.5
0.00
11
230
n
-
based on
18
-
419
-
3.74
3.8
13
65
25
0.17
3.2
0.31
0.4
0.14
0.18
3.0
0.07
21
263
18
-
1966
Median
19
7.0
420
-
3.60
4.J.
15
70
25
0.17
3.0
0.30
0.4
0.15
0.20
3.0
0.07
16
265
IB
-
12 samples
July 1966-Oct,
Max Min Mean
29 15
7.4 6.8
430 301
109 51
7.20 0.90
7.0 2.8
58 6
75 36
23 10
0.25 o.io
3.8 0.8
0.80 0.17
1.4 0.2
0.11 0.04
0.45 0.19
44 1.2
0.09 0.02
37 7
268 130
84 5
3.*- 2.5
Data based
24.5
-
370
90.5
3.43
4.06
19.9
52.8
19.9
1966
Median
26
7.1
370
98.0
3-15
3-7
16
50
22
0.176 0.18
2.17
0.43
0.53
0.07
0.27
5.49
o.o4
16.9
207
2.1
0.39
0.5 *
0.07
0.23
2.5
0.03
15
210
18.4 9
-
on 15
-
samples
-------
TABLE 5
CHEMICAL QUALEK op WATER
STATION 5 - INDIANA HARBOR AT INNER BREAKWALL LIGHTS-IHC 336.2
Parameter
Water Temp.
pH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
NOg+N03-N
Org. N
Sol POli
Total POj^
Iron
Cyanide.
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
Aug. '1965-Dec. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
°C 26.0 10 20.4 21
7-3 6.8 - 7.1
umho/cm - -
mg/1 -
6.8 1.85 4.58 5.45
13.0 2.3 4.4 3.0
121.0 8.4 37.0 8.6
56 32 47 50
it
" -
" 1.90 0.38 1.04 0.88
" 0.59 0.26 0.42 Ov44
1.38 o.io 0.69 0.61
" 0.12 0.03 0.07 0.07
0.31 0.06 0.17 0.16
11 2.96 1.25 1.93 1.80
" 6.19 o.oo 0.03 o.oi
" 13 3.0 7.9 8.0
254 230 237 240
ug/1 23 0 6.4 4.9
units - -
Data based on 7 samples
APE, 1966- June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
23 12 17 17
7.9 6.8 .- 7.0
420 350 384 385
_
6.65 3.05 4.63 4.80
5.5 2.0 3-3 3-5
27 8 13.3 13
81 45 62 62
26 l£ 22 23
0.21 0.10 0.14 0.14
4.4 1.5 2.4 2.4
0.45 0.12 0.29 0.32
0.8 0.00 0.2 0.2
o.u o.oo 0.07 0.08
0.19 0.08 0.12 0.14
5,6 1.3 3.0 3-1
0.19 0.01 0.05 0.02
3.7 9.0 14.8 13
280 205 24o 235
19 5.4 10.4 10.0
11.2 1.8 6.3 6.2
Data based on 12 samples
July 1966-Qa*. 1966
Max Min Mean Median
29 17 24.2 26
r7.3 6.6 - 7.0
400 330 364 365
94 72 87 89
6.00 0.85 3.17 3.10
4.4 2.2 3.0 2.9
28 6 15-2 13
76 41 50.5 48
25 16 21.4 21
0.21 0.09 0.15 0.14
2.9 1.2 1.88 1.8
5.0 0.14 0.68 0.35
1.5 0.0 0.37 0.3
o.io 0.03 0.055 0.05
0.37 0.09 0.18 0*20
3.8 1.3 2.37 2.2
0.14 0.01 0.043 0.03
210 1 41 13
379 175 228 208
41 3 10.4 7
13.0 1.6 5.0 4.2
Data based on 15 samples
-------
TABLE 6
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 6 - INDIANA HARBOR AT EAST BREAKMALL INNER LIGHT
(WATER QUALrTY MONITOR STATION)-DIG 336.25
July 1965-Dec. 1965
Parameter Max Min Mean Median
Water Temp. °C
pH
Conductivity uraho/cm
Alkalinity mg/1
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates "
Chlorides "
co MBAS "
NH3-N " NOT SAMPLED IN 1965
NCg+NOg-N
Org. N
Sol POj^ "
Total POj^ "
Iron "
Cyanide
Sus. Solids "
Dis. Solids "
Phenol ug/1
Turbidity units
Jan. 1966- June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
19 6 12 12
8.0 6.6 - 7.0
460 320 372 385
.
8.0 2.80 '6.50 7.1
5.6 1.7 3.b 3.6
37 4.0 12.0 11.0
77 34 59 66
32 10 21 22
.35 .08 .15 .15
2.8 0.19 1.9 1.9
0.70 0.12 0.42 0.40
2.1 0.2 0.6 0.5
0.30 0.03 0.09 0.08
0.34 0.08 0.14 0.13
8.1 1.3 3.1 3.0
0.20 0.00 0. 08 0.07
46 8 17 15
265 200 239 240
45 1.4 15.6 14
_
Data "based on 26 samples
July 1966-Dec. 1966
Max Min Mean Median
29 9 19.9 21
7-7 6.7 - 7-0
470 310 372 360
111 79 93 93
8.05 1.15 5.32 5.90
13.0 1.2 4.09 3-3
72 5 19.8 15
70 22 43.6 45
33 9 20.8 21
0.30 0.05 0.15 o.i4
2.5 .6 1.5 1.4
.80 .10 .47 .45
2.70 .0 .57 .40
0.10 0.01 0.05 0.06
1.40 .08 0.25 0.19
15.0 1.1 3-72 2.5
0.35 o.oo 0.07 0.03
119 .7 26.2 16
266 128 211 215
422. 2. 27.0 7
55.0 1.6 17.8 16.5
Data based on 25 samples
-------
CHICAGO
Lake
[Calumet
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
Stations 788
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
Lake
M i c h i g a a
CHICAGO
HAMMOND
STA. 7 - INDIANA HARBOR BELT R.R.
BRIDGE (QC 328,5)
•STA. 8 - WENTWORTH AVE. BRIDGE
ILC 332.2)
1 River
-------
Station 7 - Grand Calumet River at Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. Bridge
This station is located in Illinois near the Illinois-Indiana state
line and was established to measure the amount of pollution crossing the
state line. This is one of the water quality control points established by
the Calumet Area Technical Committee.
Most of the dry weather flow in this stream is effluent from the
Hammond Sewage Treatment Plant and industrial effluent from one steel mill
and several smaller industries.
Between July and November 1966 the microbiological quality of the
stream was improved. Total coliforms averaged 258,000 per 100 ml. Fecal
streptococci averaged 2400 per 100 ml and fecal coliforms averaged 48,000
per 100 ml. The graph"Microbiological Water Quality Station 7" shows that
these counts are far lower than they were during 1965 or January-December
1966. During December 1966, however, the bacterial counts were much higher.
Total coliforms averaged 1,440,000 per 100 ml, fecal streptococci averaged
46,700 per 100 ml and fecal coliform. averaged 410,000 per 100 ml. The
graph shows that these averages are equal to or higher than the averages of
1965 and January to June 1966. This improvement followed by a regression
back to previous pollution levels was probably due to chlorination which
was discontinued in December.
Table 7 on page 3^- indicates that there has been some improvement
for some of the chemical parameters; however, organic nitrogen, total
iron, phenols, suspended solids and dissolved solids all increased sharply
in December.
Although some progress was made since, ,1965 most of the recommended
criteria were not met. The median BOD of 6.2 mg/1 remained the same as in
1965 but the maximum of 89 mg/1 was far above the criteria which calls for
a maximum of 10 mg/1.
Dissolved oxygen did not change substantially since 1965 but many
readings were below the minimum of 1.0 mg/1.
COD was reduced from a median of 52 mg/1 in 1965 to 4l mg/1 in
1966 and sulphates from 190 mg/1 to 174 mg/1.
The average chlorides content of 77 mg/1 was only slightly above the
permitted 75 mg/1 and the maximum of 125 mg/1 was violated only once in
the last six months of 1966.
MBAS was far above the criteria. The minimum value of 0.54 mg/1 is
above the recommended maximum, of 0.5 mg/1.
Ammonia nitrogen improved since 1965 > dropping from an average of
4.6 mg/1 to 3.7 mg/1, but the maximum limit of 5.0 mg/1 was exceeded several
32
-------
CHICAGO
Fir
(monitor)
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 7
U.& DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
£(monitor)
.-Lake Michigan
•INDIANA HARBOR ,
BELT R.R. BRIDGED
< ' No. of Samples
Max.
Mean
)Median
Min.
io7_
•ol
<
iol
I03
U
(
C
» (26, '°6-
)
> ;
c
Dec. O
(
July-NovO
(
•
5)
IOS_
> ~_
)
iol.
__
-
loL
•
ID2
SEM-DEC. '65 JAM-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
loL
(2
(>
(
(
£)
<
)
C
i
si '.
ti
) Dec. O
)
<
July-NovO
(
loL
ii -_
lOi
-
)
iol
k
I03
EPT.-DEC. '65 JAM-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
e.
I C
H
z
K-
LU
I—
3)
12
Dec. O
)
. July^Nov.Q
d
*i
)
)
JULY-DEC. 165 JAN.-JUNE 156 JULY-DEC.6G
FECAL COLIFORMS
33
-------
TABLE 7
CHEMICAL QUALETC OF WATER
STATION 7 - GRAND CALUMET RIVER AT INDIANA HARBOR BELT R.R. BRIDGE GC 328.5
, Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NHg-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol POij.
Total POij.
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
Sep. 1965-Dec. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
°C 21 5 13.4 16
7.4 6.5 - 7.2
umho/cm - - _
mg/1 -
8.0 0.0 4.32 4.7
24.0 3.5 8.3 6.1
155 15 56.4 52
" 282 52 174 190
" -
" -
11.0 1.2 4.6 3.2
13.00 1.2 5.0 3.8
4.60 .05 1.70 1.60
n.o 1.25 5.9 5.9
14.0 3.3 8.2 7.9
17.00 .27 2.01 0.80
" .32 0.0 .01 0.0
155 7 27.4 18
" 750 185 606 660
ug/1 45.5 4. 15.4 13
units ... _
Data based on 18 samples
Jan. 1966-June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
23 3 n 9
8.2 6.8 - 7.2
1150 410 922 1020
.
6.4 o.oo 4.oo 4.2
104 3.2 26 J* 21
224 25 67 56
280 76 187 192
180 22 87 85
1.8 .15 .70 .63
12 0.55 ^.72 3.9
15 1.1 6.3 6.4
6.6 0.6 2.4 1.9
10.1 0.3 2.9 2.0
16.0 0.90 7.67 7.0
7.9 0.6 2.13 1-3
0.05 o.o .0096 .01
110 5 38 28
770 270 668 700
90 3.1 24.4 19
19.5 1.8 6.2 5.1
Data based on 26 samples
July 1966-Dec. 1966
Max Min • Mean Median
28 5 17.0 17
7.3 7.0 - 7.2
1500 690 975 940
253 321 181 170
9.6 .5 4.32 3.65
89.0 2.6 13.3 6.2
114 13 47.6 41
205 115 169 174
150 52 77 78
1.14 0.54 0.74 0.70
13.0 0.3 3-7 2.4
14.0 1.6 6.4 5.0
11.9 0.5 2.1 1.1
16.0 0.7 8.9 8.4
17.0 4.3 10.9 11.0
3.10 0.26 0.73 0.49
0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01
51 4 15.8 13
740 90 560 590
66.0 3.0 32.3 8.0
30.0 1.0 4.74 2.2
Data based on 25 samples
-------
times, especially in December.
Total and soluble phosphates both increased since 1965. Soluble
phosphate from an average of 5.9 mg/1 to 8.9 mg/1 and total phosphate from
an average of 8.2 mg/1 to 10.9 mg/1. A criterion for phosphate has not yet
been recommended.
Total iron decreased substantially but cyanide was detected more
often in 1966 than in 1965.
Suspended and dissolved solids both decreased but dissolved solids
were above the recommended maximum of $00 mg/1.
The phenolic content decreased to an average of 12 .~3 ug/1 in 1966,
but the maximum allowable of 20 ug/1 was exceeded in all three December
1966 samples.
Floating oil, sludge banks and gas bubbles were frequently reported
at this station.
The water quality of the stream had shown considerable improvement
during 1966 and several parameters were approaching their criteria levels
until December when concentrations rose sharply.
The samples for this station were composited on a monthly basis and
analyzed for heavy metals. The following are average values for the last
six months of 1966:
Cadmium less than 0.005 mg/1
Copper 0.03 "
Potassium 9.3 "
Chrome less than 0.005 "
Manganese 0.09 "
Lead less than 0.005
Nickel 0.01
Arsenic less than 0.001 "
Zinc 0.04
Sodium 79 "
Station 8 - Little Calumet River at Wentworth Avenue
The Wentworth Avenue Station was established to monitor the wastes
in the Little Calumet Biver flowing from Indiana to Illinois. The station
is located approximately one half mile downstream from the state line and
is one of the control points established by the Calumet Area Technical
Committee.
Improvement in microbiological quality reported in the January-June
1966 report has continued. The graph on page 36 shows that the coliform
35
-------
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 8
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
"L
g(monitor)
.~Loke Michigan
( ) No.of Samples
~ Max.
Mean
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~|- VWENTWORTH AVE. !
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TOTAL COLIFORMS
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JULY-DEC '65 JAN.-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. fes
FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
TABLE 8
CHEMICAL QUALITY- OF WATER
STATION 8 - LITTLE CALUMET RIVER AT WENTWORTH AVE.-LC 332.3
Parameter
Water Temp.
pH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
MH^-N
NOg+NO^-N
Org. N
Sol PO^
Total POij.
Iron
Cyanide
SUB. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
July 1965-Dec. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
°C 24
8.8
umno/cm -
mg/1
* 9.80
35.0
151.0
310
"
it _
3-70
" 5.40
" 6.23
" 9-71
14.28
3-80
.18
" 704
770
tig/1 59.0
unit
Bafts.
0
7.1
-
-
0.00
3.9
5.9
57
-
-
.30
.04
.13
,26
1.10
0.45
0.0
10
109
0.0
-
based
13-3
-
-
-
3-32
10.9
50.9
175
-
-
1.96
1.68
2.58
3-07
4.60
1.26
0.012
105.5
565
10.9
-
17
7.4
-
-
3.10
8.1
51
175
-
-
2.05
1.40
1.60
2.90
4.30
0.91
0.0
30
637
7-9
-
on 25 samples
Jan. 1966-June
Max Min Mean
23
8.0
1220
-
11.0
16
89
300
55
.76
3.1
4.3
2.95
3.1
6.9
3.1
.02
980
860
39
103
Data
0
7.0
425
-
0.2
3.9
20
101
17
.15
•35
.12
0.8
0.0
.22
.44
.00
13
255
.24
1.2
based
8
«•
808
-
6.4
8.2
45
187
41
.28
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
3.5
1.0
.005
89
595
12.4
15.6
1966
Median
7
7.5
765
-
7.3
7.8
39
l£o
44
.25
1.4
1.8
1.4
1.1
3.0
.91
.00
32
570
9-3
9.0
on 25 samples
July 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
3P
8.1
1300
307
9.60
17.0
72
325
80
0.86
6.0
9.3
7.2
9-9
11.0
2.30
0,66
320
907
65.0
80.0
Data
1 13-9
6.9 -
430 1025
65 220
0.10 3.49
5.0 9.5
19 45.7
100 216
18 52.3
0.28 0.45
0.3 2.57
0.10 1.62
0.3 1.78
0.6 5.5
1.8 6,3
0.38 0.75
0.00 0.3
1966
Median
1A
7.5
1100
242
2.50
8.5
50
205
54
0.42
2.4
0.60
1.5
5.7
6.4
0.63
0.00
5 38.1 IB
194 652
1.0 9.6
1.0 8.7
based on 25
74l
6.1
4.0
samples
-------
and fecal streptococci counts ware slightly lover during the last half of
1966. This slight decrease is significant because an increase would nor-
mally be expected due to the higher temperatures. The average temperature
during January-June 1966 was 8°C and during July-December 1966 it was
13.9°C. There were still several total coULform counts over 1,000,000 per
100 ml, however, and all the counts were higher than the maximum bacterial
criteria. Overflows from combined sewers are still a severe problem.
The chemical data reveal no clear trend. Some are higher, some are
lower than in the proceeding six months; most do not meet the recommended
criteria. The criteria for water temperature and pH were met. The dissolved
oxygen is far below the minimum level called for by the criteria. The
average BOD and COD both decreased slightly since 1965, as did suspended sol-
ids, iron and phenols. Sulphates, ammonia, phosphates, cyanide and dissolved
solids all increased appreciably, however.
The recommended criterion for BOD calls for a maximum of 10.0 mg/1.
This was exceeded on several occasions especially during July and August.
The maximum of 0.5 mg/1 for MBAS was also exceeded several times.
The criterion for ammonia nitrogen (maximum 1.5 mg/l) was exceeded
on most of the samples.
The criterion for cyanides (maximum 0.025 mg/l) "was generally met,
except for one occasion when 0.66 mg/1 was found.
The criterion for phenolic compounds (maximum 20 ug/l) was also
generally met, except for one sample.
The criteria call for the stream to be substantially free of floating
solids, sludge banks and visibly floating oil. Floating oil and eolids have
been frequently observed and gas bubbles indicate the presence of sludge banks.
Samples for this station were composited on a monthly basis and anal-
yzed for heavy metals. The following are average values for the last six
months of 1966:
Cadmium less than 0.005
Copper 0.07
Potassium 6.8
Chrome 0.06
Manganese 0.23
Lead 0.02
Nickel 0.20
Arsenic less than 0.001
Zinc 0.03
Sodium 68
38
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
Stations 9 a 10
alumet
Harbor
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.lllinois
/ c h i g a n
STA. 10 - CARONDALET AVE. BRIDGE
(IRS 328.9)
STA. 9 - CULVERT IN CAUSWAY
(IRS 330.2)
Lake
Calumet
Lake \ i
HAMMOND
-------
Stations 9 and 1XT- Wolf Late and Outlet
Wolf Lake, which is located on the Indiana-Illinois state line, has
"been sampled at two points. Station 9 is directly on the state line which
runs along a causeway that bisects the lake. This station monitors the
quality of the water crossing the state line and has been established as a
control point by the Calumet Area Technical Committee. Station 10 is loca-
ted on the Wolf Lake outlet at Carondolet Avenue about 3000 feet downstream
from Wolf Lake and monitors the quality of the water leaving the lake.
The quality of the water in Wolf Lake and its outlet is good. At
Station 9 the recommended criteria for total dolif onus and fecal strepto-
cocci were met approximately 95$ of the time during 1966. Runoff is the
probable cause of the higher counts. On two of the three occasions they
were not met it was either raining at or shortly before the time of sampling.
The microbiological water quality graph for Station 9 on page 4l shows that
there was no change in the counts last year. The lower coliform counts in
January-June 1966 can be attributed to lower water temperatures during this
period. Dissolved oxygen in the lake was more than sufficient and the BOD
was low.
Floating suds were observed periodically on Wolf Lake. On two
occasions the problem was so severe as to prevent recreational use of the
lake. Probable cause of these conditions is discharges of detergent from
Lever Brothers Company. Concentrations of MBAS and phosphates were consider-
ably above the recommended levels and reflect this problem. A maximum of
0.05 mg/1 MBAS and an average of not more than 0.02 mg/1 are recommended.
Table 9 shows that the values were several times higher and appear to
have increased. The increase in average MBAS concentration from 0.12
mg/1 in January-June 1966 to 0.1^ mg/1 in July-December 1966 is significant
because the higher temperatures in the July-December period should have
caused more biological breakdown of MBAS and therefore lower counts. A
similar comment can be made on the phosphate levels which rose from an average
of 0.11 mg/1 in the first half of 1966 to an average of 0.20 mg/1 in the
second half. In addition, the July-December 1966 phosphates were higher than
for the corresponding period in 1965.
Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the lake were also above the
recommended criteria. These concentrations have not changed since 1965.
The ammonia may be due to runoff from the area around the lake. This high
nitrogen content, when combined with the phosphates from the detergents dis-
charged to the lake, could cause algal blooms and accelerate the process of
eutrophication in the lake.
There has been no repetition of the cyanide contamination discussed
in the previous report but traces are still found occasionally in both the
lake and its outlet.
802-302-8
-------
CHICAGO
• M7
\ «ll (monitor)
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 9
U.& DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
-CULVERT ON CAUSWAY
h
.J
( iNo.of Samples
~Ma/.
Mean
I Median
Min.
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QCT.-DEC. '65 JAN.-JUNE'66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
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OCT.- DEC. '65 JAN.- JUNE '66 JULY-DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
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JULY-DEC.'65 JAN.- JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. fee
FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
CARONDALET AVE. BRIDGE
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 10
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
^(monitor}
.~Lake Michigan
( ) No. of Samples
~ Wax.
Mean
I04_
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OCTl-DEC. '65 JAN.-JUNE '66 JULY-DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
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FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
TABLE 9
CHEMICAL QUALITY OP WATER
STATION 9 - WOLF LAKE AT CULVERT ON INDIANA-ILLINOIS STATE LHJE-IRS 330.2
Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02+NO_-N
Org. N
Sol PO^
Total PO^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
Oct
Max
°C 15
8.2
iirri?m/f»m -
mg/1
15.0
5.5
134
60
" -
"
0.38
0.86
1.00
0.29
" 0.30
0.97
0.01
51
" 285
ug/1 20
units
Data
. 1965-Dec. 1965
Min Mean Median
0
7-7
-
-
10.0
1.2
6,4
46
-
_
0.07
0.38
0.45
o.oe
0.06
0.08
0.00
2
255
0.00
-
based
4.1
-
-
-
12.6
3.2
42
50
_
_
0.24
0.58
0.69
0.10
0.13
0.28
0.00
n
264
4.2
-
on 11
1
7-9
-
-
13.0
3.4
23
50
-
_
0.22
0.55
0.68
0.09
0.12
0.23
0.00
9
265
4
-
samples
Jan. 1966-June
Max Min Mean
24
9.8
460
-
15
7.8
26
69
38
.19
.56
1.2
1.19
.07
.34
.56
.35
48
320
^
«*i
Data
0
7.5
350
-
7.70
1.9
10
45
27
.10
.02
.OS
•51
.00
.04
.04
.00
4
180
.14
m
based
8
-
414
-
1966
Median
5
8.0
400
-
11.04 11.2
3.9
IB
55
31
.12
.28
.38
.76
.02
.11
.24
.01
13
268
3-7
18
55
30
.11
.30
.30
•71
.02
.08
.22
.00
9
265
3.05 2
w
on 26
t*l>
samples
July 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
29 0
8.9 7.4
500 335
450 92
14.20 7.10
11.0 1.6
55 15
61 37
34 20
0.19 0.09
0.54 0.03
0.99 O.K)
2.00 0.55
0.29 0.05
0.48 0.08
0.74 0.05
0.03 o.oo
31 4
275 3B4
18 0
32 .0 1.3
Data based
13
-
391
156
1966
Median
12
8.1
385
111
10.53 10.52
5.6
32.5
46.6
26.8
0.14
0.22
0.34
1.20
O.lA
0.20
0.25
6.0
30
46
27
0.14
0.20
0.26
1.10
O.lJi
0.19
0.24
0.001 0.00
15.3
230
3.4
4.2
on 26
14
225
3
4.0
samples
-------
TABLE 10
CHEMICAL QUALITY OP WATER
STATION ID - WOLF LAKE CHANNEL AT CARONDOLET AYE.-IRS 328.9
Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH -N
NO +NO--N
Org. N
Sol POlj.
Total PO^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Oct
Max
°C 16
8.6
umho/cm -
mg/1
13
" 2.6
138
72
"
n _
0.33
0.60
0.83
0.24
0.49
0.37
. 1965-Dec.
Min Mean
1
8.1
-
_
8.0
1.7
0.8
45
-
-
0.06
0.12
0.44
0.02
0.05
0.04
4.6
-
-
_
11.4
2.2
31.6
63.6
-
-
0.20
0.30
0.58
0.09
0.13
0.20
1965
Median
3
8.4
-
_
12.0
2.1
20
66
-
-
0.21
0.26
0.55
0.05
0.08
0.22
" None found
24
305
ug/1 8
Data
2
245
0
based
13
281
3.6
on 11
15
280
3
samples
Jan. 1966- June
Max Min Mean
25
8.8
5^5
-
14.0
5.0
26
92
37
.24
0.67
0.67
1.11
Oo24
0.27
0.77
0.02
65
315
15
Data
0
7.9
370
-
5-9
1.9
12
69
30
.09
0.10
0.10
0.35
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.00
2
220
1.4
based
8
-
463
-
10 06
3.1
18
77
34
.13
0.27
0.37
0.70
0.03
0.07
0.23
1966
Median
5
8.5
460
-
11.4
3-3
18
77
35
.12
0.28
0.34
0.62
0.02
0.06
0.23
0.002 0.00
25
289
6.8
24
295
8.0
on 26 samples
July 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
28 0
8.7 8.0
520 350
121 83
13-30 5-95
7.6 2.0
38 11
82 52
42 26
0.20 0.08
0.41 0.01
0.63 o.oi
1.05 0.28
o.n 0.03
0.15 0.06
0.27 0.04
0.01 0.00
58 3
343 172
20.0 1.0
Data based
14
-
440
104
9.35
3.0
25.6
68.4
33-7
0.13
0,18
0.23
0.69
0.07
0.09
0.15
0.00
l£.2
258
5A
1966
Median
13
8.4
445
102
9.70
2.8
27
68
32
0.13
O.lB
0.21
0.74
0.07
0.09
0.15
0.00
14
260
3.5
on 26 samples
-------
In the lake outlet stream at Station 10, concentrations of DO, BOD,
COD, ammonia, and phosphates were lower than in the lake - probably due to
stabilization reactions in the lake and the stream.
Both the phenols and the sulphates were consistently higher in the
outlet than in the lake. The reason for this is not understood since there
is no known source of waste between the two stations. The microbiological
quality of the water at Station 10 was good but the total coliforms increased
since 1965. Further investigations of these findings are planned.
-------
[Lftt/e
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
Stations II, 12 8 13
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
Great Lakes Region Chicago,lllinois
M i c h i g a n
STA. 13-CALUMET HARBOR
(CR 334.0)
STA. II -CALUMET HARBOR MONITOR
(CR 333.45)
STA. 12-CALUMET RIVER MOUTH
(CR 333.4)
-------
Stations 3.1, 12 and 13 - Calumet Harbor
There are three sampling stations located at Calumet Harbor. Station
11 is located at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River immediately adjacent to
the north pierhead light. The purpose of this station is to correlate the
sampling program with a water quality monitor which is located in the pier-
head light structure.
Station 12 is located at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River at mid-
stream. The purpose of this station is to monitor the quality of the water
entering the river from the harbor.
Station 13 is located in mid-harbor approximately 3500 feet from the
mouth of the river. This station monitors the quality of the water flowing
in from Lalse Michigan to the river. Stations 12 and 13 require a boat for
sampling and therefore can be sampled only when weather permits.
Operation of the O'Brien Lock tends to isolate the area by reversing the
natural flow of the river, so that water flows from the lake to the river
most of the time. For this reason most of'the pollution in the harbor and
at the river mouth originates in the immediate area.
The graphs on "pages IfS* k$ and 50 show that the level of microbiolo-
gical pollution was slightly less than in 1965. The higher counts in the
last half of 1966 were due to the higher temperatures during the period.
This area was not designated as a control point by the Technical Committee
but the criteria for inner harbor basins could reasonably be applied.
The criteria for total coliform (maximum 5000 per 100 ml and average
2000 per 100 ml) were generally met at all three stations.
The criterion for fecal streptococci (maximum 100 per 100 ml) was
not met approximately one third of the tJone at each station. High fecal
coliform counts also occurred. On several occasions there were high fecal
coliform to total coliform ratios. This indicates that the pollution is
fresh, of animal origin and local in nature. A large number of ships and
boats use the harbor.
Since flow is usually from the harbor to the river, industrial pollu-
tion in the harbor is not severe. At Station 13, which is out in the harbor,
all of the chemical criteria except pH and ammonia nitrogen •were met.
The criteria for phosphates and iron were not met at the two stations
in the river mouth; as Table 11 on page 51 indicates, there were high con-
centrations of iron at Station 11. Iron from U. S. Steel outfalls to the
harbor often discolored the entire area. This also created high turbidity.
A comparison of the 1965 data with the July-December 1966 data reveals no
Significant changes except that ammonia nitrogen concentrations were higher
in 1966 and phosphate concentrations were lower.
Except for the severe discoloration of the water around Station 11
by iron, pollution is less severe in Calumet Harbor than in Indiana Harbor.
-------
CALUMET HARBOR MONITOR
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station II
U-S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
<3(monitor)
.g L oke Michigan
( ) No. of Samples
Mean
io5_
K)l
'0!i
*:
I01
lot.
4/29/66
10 L
i
is
SAMPLED
H
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10°
JULY-DEC. '65 JAN.- JUNE '66 JULY-DEC. '66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I05_
ioi.
(2
(<
SAMPLED
i-
O
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a
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GPO 802—302—5
-------
CALUMET RIVER MOUTH
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 12
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great La.kes Region Chicogo.lllinois
(monitor)
.-Loke Michigan
()No. of Samples
Max.
Meon
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-------
CALUMET HARBOR
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 13
U.S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region ChicagoJIIinois
(monitor)
.JLake Michigan
()No. of Samples
- Max.
Mean
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Min.
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FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
TABLE
CHEMICAL QUALITY OP WATER
STATION 11 - CALUMET RIVER AT NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT-CR 333^5
(WATER QUALM MONITORING STATION)
Parameter
^ Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol POjj.
Total POij.
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
July 1965-Dec. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
°C
liooho/cm
ms/l
n
if
n
II
n NOT SAMPLED IN 1965
"
n
it
n
n
it
11
n
"
n
ug/1
units
Jan. 1966-June 1966
Max Min Mean, Median
19 0 7 6
8.3 7.4 - 7.8
330 203 298 300
_
14.1 4.2 10,1 10.4
4.9 0.9 2.5 2.2
36 0.7 9.5 8.8
35 21 27 27
16 10 12 12
.22 .03 .07 .05
0.72 0.21 0.49 0.46
0.32 0.09 0.20 0.22
0.70 0.05 0.34 0.31
0.78 o.oo o.n o.o4
0.90 o.o4 0.17 0.09
8.6 0.09 2.1 1.1
0.13 0.00 0.02 0.01
85 8 29 23
210 160 182 185
15 0.6 2.9 2.7
_
Data based on 25 samples
July 1966-Dec. 1966
Max Min Mean Median
26 1 15.3 15
8.1 7.3 - 7.9
410 250 313 300
133 88 106 106
12.65 ^.85 8.10 7.70
5.6 1.1 2.6 2.5
42 5 16 15
38 16 26.4 2fc
25 9 11.8 10
0.14 0.02 0.08 0.08
1.10 0.12 0.35 0.29
.70 .09 .24 .19
0.64 0.03 0.31 0.29
0.79 0.01 0.07 0.04
1.10 0.04 O.lB 0.10
97.00 .69 13.2 2.1
0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
191 3 ^1 20
211 80 172 177
19-0 0.0 4.0 2
90.0 .6 35.0 12.5
Data based on 26 samples
-------
TABLE 12
CHEMICAL. QUALITST OF WATER
STATION 12 - CALUMET RIVER AT MOUTH - PIERHEAD LIO3TS-CR 333.4
Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
HH3-N
Org. N
Sol PO^
Total P0]^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Aug.
Max
°C 22
8.0
umho/cm
mg/1
6.78
3-7
" 120
26
" _
0.39
11 0.41
11 0.60
0.23
0.25
" 2.30
0.01
" 76
280
ug/1. 8.2
Data
1965-Dec. 1965
Min Mean Median
3
7.5
-
13.00
1.0
0.9
17
—
0.15
0.17
o.o4
0.02
0.02
0.24
0.00
2.0
140
0.00
based
13-6
-
-
8.80
1.92
28.7
23
—
0.20
0.23
0.24
0.07
0.11
0.84
0.00
19.6
180
2.31
on 15
14
7-9
-
8.50
2.2
12
23
:
0.22
0.27
0.29
0.07
0.09
0.72
0.00
18
170
2.0
samples
Jan. 1966-June
Max Min Mean
19
8.1
330
117
H.l
5-5
18
30
l£
.10
0.68
0.35
3.23
0.09
0.13
1.8
0.12
53
235
12
Data
4
7-5
285
110
5.40
1.0
1.6
IB
9
.03
0.35
0.09
0.07
0.01
0.05
0.55
0.00
4
175
0.0
based
11
-
300
113
8.46
2.8
10.4
25
12
.06
0.50
0.20
0.56
o.o4
0.08
1.10
0.01
20
192
1.9
1966
Median
11
7.9
295
115
7.85
2.2
10
25
12
.05
0.50
0.21
0.33
0.04
0.08
1.1X)
0.01
17
185
0.6
on 13 samples
July 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
24 2
8.0 7.2
330 285
211 93
32.40 1.60
28 0.4
39 32
32 16
18 9
0.32 0.03
0.55 0.08
0.50 0.09
0.52 o.oi
0.05 o.oi
0.23 0.04
7.1 0.44
0.01 0.00
88 6
200 155
5 0
Data based
17.7
-
304
113
7-55
3.87
3^.4
24.2
10.7
0.07
0.30
0.27
0.27
0.04
0.09
1.72
0.00
21.8
179
2.1
on 20
1966
Median
21
7.8
300
109
7.30
2.1
6
25
10
0.07
0.31
0.26
0.28
o.o4
0.07
1.2
0.00
32
170
2
samples
-------
TABLE 13
CHEMICAL QUALETC OP WATER
STATION 13 - CALUMET HARBOR AT MID-CHAMEL-CR 334.0
Parameter
Water Temp.
PH
Conductivity
Alkalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
Ttnr T\T
.LiXii o ™ • •
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol PO],.
Total POj^
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Phenol
Turbidity
Aug
Max
°C 22
8.0
tunho/cm -
mg/1
11.0
2.1
120
37.0
"
"
0.27
0.53
0.51
0.29
0.78
1.82
" 0.01
19.0
195
ug/1 8.0
units
Data
. 1965-Hov. 1965
Min Mean Median
7 15
7.7
_ _
-
6.95 8.84
1.0 1.5
0.0 18.6
19 24.8
-
-
o.io 0.19
0.17 0.26
0.03 0.25
0.02 0.07
0.02 0.14
0.09 0.46
15
7-9
M
-
9.00
1.6
7.6
24
-
-
0.20
0.24
0.22
0.05
0.09
0.21
0.0 0.001 0.00
i.o 9.3
150 170
0.0 1.35
-
based on 12
8.0
170
0.9
-
samples
Apr. 1966 -June
Max Min Mean
18
8.1
31Q
121
12.2
4.8
16
26
14
.09
0.48
0.35
0.56
0.05
0.16
2.1
0.01
46
210
5.3
8.8
Data
5
7.4
270
107
7-3
1.3
3.0
18
8
.03
0.24
0.08
0.10
0.00
0.04
0.29
0.00
3
170
0.0
1.3
12
_
293
113
9.2
2.6
9.2
24
11
.05
0.33
0.18
0.37
0.02
0.06
0.66
.002
12
190
1.3
2,6
1966
Median
14
7.8
300
111
9.3
2.3
10
25
11
.04
0.33
0.16
0.39
0.02
0.06
0.48
0.00
9
185
0.0
3.4
based on 12 samples
July 1966-Nov. 1966
Max Min Mean Median
24
8.0
315
212
n.4o
3.4
22
33
12
0.11
0.47
0.38
0.37
0.07
0.08
1.80
0.01
23
185
11
19.9
7
7.6
275
96
6.20
1.0
2
16
9
0.02
o.o4
O.o4
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.12
0.00
2
126
0
0.6
19.1
-
298
115
8.11
2.1
12.7
23.7
10
0.06
0.25
0.19
0.22
0.03
0.06
0.50
0.00
9
167
2.4
2.8
22
7.8
295
111
7.6$
2.0
14
25
10
0.06
0.24
0.19
0.23
0.03
0.06
0.47
0.00
7
167
2
1.6
Data based on 17 samples
VI
u>
-------
vn
f
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
STA. 17- DUNNE. CRIB _WATER
INTAKE (LM 536.4)
LOCATION MAP
Stations 14,15 ,16 a 17
STA.I6-HAMMOND WATER
INTAKE (LM 527.2)
alumet
arbor
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
M i c h i g a n
STA. 15-EAST CHICAGO WATER
INTAKE (LM 516.9)
Lake
Ca/umfft
STA.14-GARY WEST WATER
INTAKE (LM 512.2)
HAMMOND
-------
Station l*t- - Gary West Water Intake
The Gary West water intake is one of the control points designated
by the Calumet Area Technical Committee for open Lake Michigan water. It
was originally intended that the water filtration plant at which the samples
are collected should perform the analyses at the raw water intakes. It
became evident that these plants did not have the capacity for this underta-
king and therefore the Calumet Area Post Action Surveillance Project began
sampling these points during August 1966 in order to determine whether or
not the recommended criteria are being met.
The recommended criteria for microbiological parameters have been
plotted on the graph "Microbiological Water Quality Station IV, page 56.
The maximum for total coliforms was not exceeded but the average of 258 per
100 ml was higher than the criteria permit (200 per 100 ml). The criteria
for fecal streptococci were met on all but one occasion.
Table Ik compares the recommended criteria for other parameters with
the results of the sampling program. The criteria for water temperature,
dissolved oxygen, sulphates, chlorides, MBAS, cyanide and fluorides were
met.
The water at this point had a pH which was considerably below the
range of the criteria. The water was of a high quality and the intake is
remote from major sources of pollution so that it should reflect the basic
characteristics of "natural" lake waters. The low alkalinity at this point
indicates that the recommended range of pH recommended by the criteria
cannot be met. It is believed the pH criteria should be reviewed for possi-
ble revision.
The results indicate that there was considerably more ammonia nitrogen
and total nitrogen present than the tentatively recommended criteria permit.
This was also true at Wolf Lake which is another high quality body of water.
Ammonia in water is commonly regarded as an indication of local pollution
since it is reduced to nitrate and nitrite nitrogen in a relatively short
time. But Gary West water intake is too remote from man-made pollution for
this to be the cause. It is believed that the Gary water intake - as well
as Chicago's Dunne Crib intake, to be discussed later - normally receive
water whose quality is essentially that of the main body of southern Lake
Michigan. This in no way alleviates the problem created at water supply
intakes when adverse wind and current conditions bring periodic slugs of
water containing high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. It is understood
that the Calumet Area Technical Committee is presenting a report which will
help to clarify the ammonia nitrogen picture.
There is also considerably more total phosphate than the tentatively
recommended criteria permit. The mean concentration of 0.073 mg/1 is
approximately 2.5 times the tentative criterion of 0.03 mg/1. Data for the
four water intake stations reveals that the maximums are usually twice or
several times the means.
55
-------
CHICAGO
"I.
«ll (monitor)
V
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 14
U.& DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago.lllinois
£§ (monitor)
•ct-O/ce Michigan
GARY WEST
WATER INTAKE
No. of Sar.iples
Max.
Mean
Median
Min.
J
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101
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;
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JULY-DEC. '65 JAN.- JUNE '66 AUG.-DEC/66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
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FECAL COLIFORMS
GPO 602-302-4
-------
STATION
TABIE 14
CHEMICAL QUALITY OP WATER
- GARY WEST WATER FILTRATION INTAKE-LM 5;12.2
Parameter
Water Temp. °C
PH
Conductivity ufflho/cm
Alkalinity mg/1
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates "
Chlorides "
MBAS
NH3-N )
N02+N03-N)tot.N "
Org. N )
Sol PO^ "
Total PO^
Iron "
Cyanide
Sus. Solids "
Dis. Solids "
Fluorides "
Oil & Grease
Phenol ug/1
Turbidity units
Color "
Threshold Odor "
Recommended Criteria
Max Min Mfean Median
29.4
9.0 7.7 8.1-8.4
_
>
80$ sat. 905& sat; -
_
_
50 23
15 8
0.20 0.05
0.05* 0.02*
0.4*
_
o.o4* 0.03*
0.30 0.15
0.025
_
200 162
1.3 1.0
Free from floating oil
3.0* 1.0*
No contrast with
natural appearance
15 5
8 4
*tentative
Aug. 1966-Dec.
Max Min Mean
22
8.1
325
113
14.80
2.0
21
37
11
0.13
0.28
0.54
0.46
.05
0.24
3-9
0.01
149
215
0.40
4.8
5.0
49
20
60
Data
1 13.1
7.1
260 295
90 103-7
4.9 9-55
0.1 1.4
2 10.5
16 22.9
8 9.6
0.02 0.06
0.01 .07
0.05 0.24
0.01 0.21
.01 .035
0.02 .073
0.05 0.63
0.00 0.00
3 21.5
112 168
0.12 0.21
0.0 1.0
0.00 1.45
.6 9.7
0 4.45
1.5 5-86
based on 22
1966
Median
13
7-7
295
107
9.60
1.3
10
21
10
0.05
0.06
0.22
0.21
0.04
0.05
0.44
0.00
9
170
0.20
0.5
1.0
2.0
5.0
2.5
samples
57
-------
A severe storm occurred on November 29, 1966. The effect of such a
storm on the quality of the water in the lake can "be assessed from the re-
sults of the November 30, 1966 sampling run. Many of the maximums at this
and other water intake stations occurred on this date. Suspended solids
and turbidity were very high in comparison to their normal levels. The
other maximums give an indication of the composition of the bottom muds
which were undoubtedly stirred up. These were organic nitrogen, total
phosphate, soluble phosphate and total iron. It is interesting to note
that on this date no phenols were found at any of the water intake stations.
Station 15 - East Chicago Water Intake
The East Chicago Water Intake is one of the control points designated
by the Calumet Area Technical Committee for inner harbor basins. This intake
is located just east of Indiana Harbor and can be severely affected by
pollutants from the harbor when the wind is from a westerly direction.
The recommended criteria for inner harbor basins are compared with the
actual water quality on pages 5? and 6l . The criteria for water tempera-
ture, dissolved oxygen, sulphates, chlorides, MBAS, dissolved solids and
fluorides were met during July-December 1966.
The pH of the water was outside the range of the criteria; being
considerably lower than the minimum limit set (see previous discussion of
pH criteria). A similar situation exists at all four water intake stations.
This station was most severely affected by the storm that took place
on November 29, 1966. November 30, 1966 was one of the two days on which
the criteria for total coliforms was not met. The fecal streptococci count
was 5^0 per 100 ml, much higher than the next highest count of 100 per 100 ml,
which occurred during the next week. The normal fecal streptococci count
at this station was less than 5 per 100 ml; This suggests that the lake
bottom in this area contained a considerable amount of man-made sediment.
Many of the maximums at this station were a result of the storm. Concentra-
tion of BOD, COD, organic nitrogen, total phosphate, total iron, turbidity,
and suspended solids were highest on November 30. Total iron, turbidity
and suspended solids were far above their normal levels and the data for sub-
sequent weeks indicate that the lake did not return to normal for more than
a month. This indicates that there is a considerable "bank" of material
at the bottom of the lake which can be stirred up by violent weather.
Station 16 - Hammond Water Intake
The Hammond water intake is the other control point designated by
the Calumet Area Technical Committee for inner harbor basins. This intake
is located west of Indiana Harbor and is often affected by wastes from the
harbor, especially when the wind is from the south or the east.
-------
CHICAGO
Pff—
(monitor)
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 15
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region ChicagoJIIinois
L.
EAST CHICAGO
WATER INTAKE
No. of Samples
Max.
Mean
Medk>n
Min.
flL
10!
lOi
loL
•
10°
lot
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JAM-JUNE '66 «UG.-DEC.'E6
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I04_
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JULY -DEC. '65 JAN.-JUNE'66 AUS. -DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
(Z
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LJ LU
1 1
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)
o & 6
2 2
JULY-DEC 165 JAN.-JUNE '65 *US.-DEC.'6S
FECAL COLIFORMS
-------
CHICAGO
HAMMOND WATER INTAKE
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 16
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
* 1.
£ (monitor)
.cLoke Michigan
No. of Samples
Max.
Mean
Medkm
Win.
104_
K>L
loL
10!
10°
-+-
I
1
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•Q
E
£
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SAMPLED
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0
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JULY-DEC. '65 JAN.- JUNE '66 *US.-DEC.'66
TOTAL COLIFORMS
SAMPLED
|
JULY -DEC. '65
I04_
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SAMPLED
1 c
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10!
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10°
JAN.- JUNE '66 AUS. -DEC/66
FECAL STREP.
V1
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UJ UJ
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)
JULY-DEC 'eS JAN.-JUNE '66 *U6,-DEC.'6S
FECAL COLIFORMS
60
-------
TABLE 15
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 15 - EAST CHICAGO WATER FILTRATION INTAKE-LM 516.9
Parameter
Water Temp. °C
PH
Conductivity umho/cm
Alkalinity mg/1
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates "
Chlorides "
MBAS
NH3-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol PO]^
Total PO^ "
Iron "
Cyanide "
Sus. Solids "
Dis. Solids "
Fluorides "
Oil & Grease "
Phenol ug/1
Turbidity units
Color "
Threshold Odor "
Recommended Criteria
Max Min Mean Median
29.4
9.0
-
-
-
-
75
30
0.30
0.12*
-
-
-
0.10*
0.30
0.1
-
230
1.3
7-5 8.0-8.5
_
_
5$ sat. 80$ sat. -
_
-
35
16
0.10
0.05*
-
-
-
0.05*
0.15
_
187
1.0
Free from floating oil
5.0*
2.0*
No contrast with
natural appearance
15
20*
5
8*
*tentative
Aug. 1966 -Dec.
Max Min Mean
21 0 12.6
8.1 7.4
360 275 307
132 86 103
17.05 8.30 12.69
5.5 0.2 1.62
62 3 13
36 16 24.9
13 8 10
0.13 0.04 0.07
0.40 0.02 0.14
0.60 o.oo 0.25
1.19 0.05 0.29
0.07 0.01 0.04
1.00 0.03 0.12
22 0.05 1.48
0.2 0.00 0.00
464 2 37
211 77 164
0.28 0.14 0.20
4.2 0.0 0.9
7 0 1.5
160 0.6 15
50 0 7.9
100 1.5 14.7
Data based on 22
1966
Median
13
7.7
300
105
13.00
1.6
11
24
10
0.06
0.14
0.27
0.21
0.04
0.06
0.35
0.00
12
165
0.19
0.5
1
2.0
5.0
5
samples
61
-------
TABLE 16
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 16 - HAMMOND WATER FILTRATION INTAKE-LM 527-2
Parameter
Water Teaip.
pH
Conductivity
AUsalinity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NHg-N
N02+N03-N
Org. N
Sol POjj.
Total POi,.
Iron
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Fluorides
Oil & Grease
Phenol
Turbidity
Color
°C
umho/cm
mg/1
it
11
ir
ti
n
"
M
n
n
n
n
M
n
n
M
II
II
ug/1
units
11
Threshold Odor "
Recommended Criteria
Max Min Mean Median
29.4
9.0 7-5
-
-
65$ sat
-
_
75
30
0.30
0.12*
_
-
— -
0.10*
0.30
0.1
-
230
1.3
8.0-8.5
-
-
.80$ sat. -
_
_
35
16
0.10
0.05*
-
-
_ _
0.05*
0.15
_
187
1.0
Free from floating oil
5.0*
No contrast
2.0*
with
natural appearance
15 5
20*
8*
•^tentative
Aug.
Max
22
7.9
320
119
13-35
3.6
32
38
13
0.12
0.38
0.76
0.73
0.06
0.32
5-9
0.01
202
275
0.24
5.4
6
180
15
150
Data
1966-Dec. 1966
Min Mean Median
0
7.2
275
88
5.70
0.9
4
13
9
0.03
0.04
0.05
O.Oo
0,01
0.03
0.04
0.00
2
87
0.16
0.0
0
0.6
0
3.5
based
13-0
-
303
102.7
9.48
1.72
13-4
24.9
10.3
0.07
0.18
0.32
0.29
0.04
0.10
0.85
0.00
30.6
167
0.20
0.8
2.1
17.6
4.6
34
on 22
13
7-7
300
103
9-30
1.6
12
25
10
0.07
0.16
0.26
0.26
0.04
0.07
0.52
0.00
13
170
0.20
0.4
2
2.8
4
16
samples
62
-------
This is the only water intake station where the microbiological
criteria were seriously violated. The total coliform count was considerably
above the maximum of 5000 per 100 ml on two occasions and the fecal strepto-
cocci count was above 100 per 100 ml on three occasions.
The criteria for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, sulphates,
chlorides, MBAS, cyanide, fluorides and color were met. As at the other
water intake stations the criteria for pH and ammonia were not met. The
criteria for total phosphate, iron, dissolved solids, phenols and threshold
odor were not met.
The affect of a major storm stirring up the lake bottom is reflected
by the data for November 30, 1966. Organic nitrogen, total phosphate, total
iron, turbidity and suspended solids were all highest on this date.
Station 17 - Dunne Crib Water Intake
The Dunne Crib water intake, which supplies lake water to the city
of Chicago's South District Water Filtration Plant^ is the second control
point designated by the Calumet Area Technical Committee for open lake water.
This intake is well isolated from man-made sources of pollution. Its loca-
tion outside of the Calumet Harbor breakwater shields it from pollution
originating in Indiana Harbor. The water quality at this point is better
than it is at any of the other water intake stations.
The criteria for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, sulphates,
chlorides, MBAS, cyanide, dissolved solids, fluorides, phenol and color were,
met at this station. The criteria for pH, ammonia nitrogen and threshold
odor were not met.
The criteria for total phosphate and total iron were met except during
and after the storm that took place on November 29, 1966. Before this storm
the levels of both parameters were low enough to satisfy the criteria.
The microbiological quality of the water was very good. The counts
for total coliform and fecal streptococci were well within the recommended
criteria.
63
-------
DUNNE CRIB WATER INTAKE
CHICAGO
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
Station 17
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN
Great Lakes Region Chicago,Illinois
L
.6(monitor)
12Lake Michigan
No. of Samples
Max.
Mean
'Median
Win,
ICC_
lOi
lOi
loL
-
•
-
10°
I04_
•e
1
E • _
6-C
o w
tt 'C
(E O
toL
*.
A
Q O""
UJ UJ
a! Q-
2 2
co to
1 I j
•r
loL
™
—
-
'
loL
•
•
-
10°
JULY-DEC. 'S5 JAN.- JUNE ' •" «UG.-DEC.'6S
TOTAL COLIFORMS
I04_
raL
.g
,t
0 « Q |OL
a I Q. -
2 1 2
< 1 <
CO 1! CO
cr
T
»- 1 I-
Zf ,
ZT /%
i •
1
1
1 r\
? '
I ,0°
JULY-DEC. '65 JAN.-JUNE'SS AUS. -DEC.'SS
FECAL STREP.
'
Q Q
UJ UJ
0. Q-
2 2
CO CO
(20)
t- (-
2 ~Z
O
e
JULY -DEC "65 JAN.-JUNE '66 AUC.-OEC.'66
FECAL COLIFORMS
GPO 802—302—3
-------
TABLE IT
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER
STATION 17 - SOUTH DISTRICT DUNNE CRIB WATER FILTRATION INTAKE-LM 536.4
Parameter
Water Temp. °C
PH
Conductivity umho/cm
Alkalinity mg/1
DO "
BOD
COD
Sulphates "
Chlorides "
MBAS "
NH3-N ) "
N02+N03-N)tot.N "
Qrg. N
Sol POl). "
Total PO^ "
Iron "
Cyanide "
Sus. Solids "
Dis. Solids "
Fluorides "
Oil & Grease "
Phenol ug/1
Turbidity units
Color "
Threshold Odor "
Recommended Criteria
Max Min Mean Median
29.4
9.0 7.7
-
-
8.1-8.4
-
_
80$ sat. 90$ sat. -
-
-
50
15
0.20
0.05*
0.4*
-
o.o4*
0.30
0.025
-
200
1.3
-
-
23
8
0.05
0.02*
-
0.03*
0.15
_
162
1.0
Free from floating oil
3.0*
No contrast
1.0*
with
natural appearance
15
8
^tentative
5
4
Aug.
Max
23
8.1
330
114
16.30
1.6
18
32
32
0.12
0.23
0.67
0.33
0.06
0.21
3-9
0.01
135
196
0.30
6.7
3
160
10
35
Data
1966-Dec. 1966
Min Mean Median
3
7.6
260
88
6.05
0.2
2-
13
8
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
1
37
0.16
0.0
0
0.6
0
2.5
based
14.7
_
292
103
22.17
0.91
9.6
22
9-3
0.05
0.07
0.22
0.19
0.03
0.06
0.47
0.00
17.3
157
0.20
0.9
0.6
13.0
3.6
8.3
on 22
15
7.8
290
104
13.20
1.0
8
23
9
0.05
0.05
0.20
0.20
0.03
0.05
0.19
0.00
7
160
0.20
0.7
0
2.7
3
6
samples
65
-------
BIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Biological field surveys have been made in the Calumat Area to.assess
any biological changes that may take place. Surveys were made during
May 17-19, 1965 and during July 20-25, 1966.
The biological condition of the Calumet area was severely degraded.
Pollution-intolerant organisms were not found at any location in 1966,
whereas previously some did populate Mile Point LC 33^«9 (Station 8) on"the
Little Calumet River.
The Calumet River from its confluence with the Grand Calumet River
to the Calumet Harbor was severely degraded. Sludgeworms were the only
organisms present. Calumet Harbor bottom sediments contained nail clams,
but only a few were living. Sludgeworms were the only organisms .found in
the Grand Calumet River.
The bottom sediments of the Indiana Harbor Canal consisted of rock,
rubble, petroleum wastes, and a black oily organic ooze. Sludgeworms were
the only benthic*fauna observed. Oil slicks covered the surface.
The attached table is a comparison of field observations. The first
line of data for each station represents the 1965 data and the second line
the 1966 data. The major differences in water conditions between the two
surveys were temperature and pH. The benthic fauna were similar,with only
the very pollution-tolerant organisms being found. The differences noticed
could be attributed to the later season at which the samples were taken.
There was no significant improvement in water quality indicated by
the biological field observations.
66
-------
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJESj
LOCATION MAP
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN!
Great Lakes Region Chicago.IIIinois
Michigan
REGULAR SAMPLING
STATIONS
v. OTHER OBSERVED
LC 337.2 POINTS
LC 351.1
-------
TABLE 18 - CALUMET AREA BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
Station
Number
1
2
3
Seechi
Depth
El
.25
•-.10
.25
<-.25
.3
j
i 1.5
80 5
8
13
°75
1-5
.2
^.25
2.5
1.0
Temp .
C° "
21.3
32
22
32.0
21.5
31.0
17.0
29.0
19.0
20.0
16.0
23.0
W A T E
D.Oo
mg/1
5.4
2.0
3.0
1.6
3.0
3-5
5.4
4.2
8.8
4.2
8.9
8.0
R
Sat.
62
25
36
21
34
45
58
53
100
46
93
94
Depth
M
1.5
1.1
1.0
2.0
7.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
• 30
<.25
10.5
8.0
Odor pH
Petro 7.30
Petro 6.9
Sewage 7.05
Petro 7.0
Petro 8.65
Petro 6.9
Sewage 8 , 0
Petro
Normal 7 . 0
Sewage 8.20
Sewage 7 - 6
Normal 8.2
Normal 7.4
Time
12:00
12:00
13:15
13:05
11:15
12:30
15:00
10:50
14:00
Type
Ooze
Silt
Sand
Ooze
Silt
Rock
Gravel
Ooze
Ooze
Silt
Ooze
Clay
Sand
Detri.
Sand
Gravel
Silt
Gravel
Sand
B
Odor
Sewage
Petro
Sewage
Petro
Petro
Sewage
Petro
Petro
Sewage
Petro
Normal
Sewage
Normal
Normal
0 T T 0 M
Temp.
C°
21.3
32
22.0
32.0
21.5
24.0
17.0
19.0
20
13-0
22.0
Predom.
Org.
None noticed
M II
II II
Sludgeworms
None noticed
II M
Sludgeworms
Sludgeworms
Bloodworms
Mayflies
Sludgeworms
Snails
Bloodworms
Fingernail clams
11
Sludgeworms
-------
ADDENDUM
REPORT ON CALUMET HARBOR MONITOR INSTALLATION
On September 2, 1966 an automatic water quality monitoring station
was installed in the north pierhead light structure at the mouth of the
Calumet River. The purpose of this station is to monitor the quality of
water entering the Calumet River from Calumet Harbor. At present the
parameters being monitored are pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and
conductivity. In the future it is planned to monitor sulphates,and ferric
iron in order to determine more directly the effect of wastes from the
United States Steel Corporation, South -Works, which are discharged to the
harbor. Parametric systems for these parameters, along with an automatic
sample taker, are being developed and will be installed when they become
available. The automatic water sampler will collect a sample when a
parameter exceeds a preset limit. These samples will be returned to the
laboratory for a more complete analysis.
The installation and operation of this facility presented several
unique problems. The only power available was 4^-0 volt, 25 cycle furnished
by the United States Steel Corporation. This was converted to 120 volt,
60 cycle by a motor generator set which was installed in the structure. The
motor generator also provides heat which eliminates the need for a heater
during the winter but overheats the structure during the summer. The summer
temperature is controlled by a forced air fan operated by a thermostat set
to turn the fan on when the inside temperature reaches 80°F. The fan entirely
replaces the air every two minutes. This system has kept the ambient tempera-
ture within the range specified for operation of the monitor.
In order to get a representative sample it was necessary to locate
the intake some distance out in the channel. The Calumet River at this point
is heavily used by shipping of all types. It was recognized that any intake
not located on the bottom would be struck by vessels. Since sampling on the
bottom is not satisfactory, the normal submersible pump installation could
not be used. The intake consists of a screen supported by floats on the end
of a flexible hose which is anchored to the bottom. The floats keep the
screen approximately 10 feet off the bottom and 15 feet below the surface.
If a vessel hits the screen it will simply push it down and do little or no
damage. The pump is a 1/2 HP centrifugal suction pump which is located in
the structure with the monitor.
During the winter large piles of ice form against the side of the light
structure along which the intake hose runs. In order to protect the hose a
heavy steel member consisting of two 6" x 6" x 3A" angles welded to a 10"
channel was bolted to the wall and encloses the hose where it is exposed to
the ice. In order to keep ice from forming inside the steel an air line with
a 1/3 HP compressor continuously bubbles air inside the steel during the
winter months. All ezpocod portions of the intake line are encased in redwood
and insulated with styrofoain.
The monitor drains into a well located beneath the light structure.
The discharge from the monitor was sufficient to cause the well to fill up
and eventually flood the structure. Therefore, a sump pump was installed
in the well which drains it when the water reaches a certain level.
69
-------
s\r^\j~^/\r>s\rvv\s\^'\r*s\/^sv\r*/\s\^
js 15 i^. ^15 i_7qli|
LOCATION OF
MONITOR
016
.-,
Lighthouse-
Steel Ice Shield
CALUMET RIVER
Intake Hose
Monitor
Pump
Approximate
RiverBottom
-------
CALUMET HARBOR
Steel Ice Shield
bolted to wall
Plumbing
hydraulic
Redwood Case with
Styrofoam Insulation
Lighthouse Wall
Backflow Valve
i|-P Compresser
Air Bubbler
_£__. To Intake Screen
INTAKE LINE
1' Suction Hose
Fan mounted on door
SCALE: l"= 3'-0"
GPO ao2—302—z
Tl
rr
UJ
UJ
O
CALUMET AREA SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
PLAN OF CALUMET
MONITOR INSTALLATION
US/DEPARTMENT OF TH'E INTERIOR.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN;
Great Lakes Region Chicago.Illinois
-------