United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA453/N-94-008
July 1994
4>EPA Control Technology Center
NEWS
Volume 6, No. 3
A JOINT EPA/STAPPA /ALAPCO PROJECT
July 1994
EVALUATION OF
EMISSIONS FROM
PAVING ASPHALT
By Bobby E. Daniel
CTC, AEERL
The CTC has completed a study to
identify specific pollutants emitted from
paving asphalt. A significant environ-
mental impact associated with asphalt
paving is the air emissions of contami-
nants such as polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs), as well as volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and particu-
lates. Some of these pollutants have
been identified as contributors to the
photochemical smog problems in parts
of the U.S. Testing included two types of
asphalt used in the paving process: an
AC10 grade asphalt hot mix and an
AC10 grade asphalt hot mix with a
crumb rubber additive. The U.S.
Intermodal Surface Transporta-
tion Efficiency Act (ISTEA)
requires States to use
crumb rubber from re-
cycled tires as an ad-
ditive forpaving as-
phalt. Crumb rub-
ber is defined as
"scrap tire rubber that
has been processed to
particle sizes usually less
than 9.5 mm in diameter." It
has been estimated that approxi-
mately 240 million waste passen-
ger car and truck tires accumulate an-
nually in the U.S. The need to dispose of
these tires provides a strong incentive
for the use of rubber additives in paving
asphalt.
Emissions were measured from a
static layer of asphalt maintained for
several hours nearthe temperature that
would likely be encountered during an
actual paving operation. Specific
volatile, semi-volatile, and par-
ticulate bound organic
samples (including PAHs
in Table 1) were tar-
geted for analysis.
These compounds
were chosen due to
their demonstrated
carcinogenicity in ani-
mals. In addition, Continu-
ous Emission Monitors (CEMs)
were used to analyze for carbon
monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide
(CO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), sulfur diox-
ide (SO2), and total hydrocarbons
(THCs). Samples were also analyzed for
total particulate matter (PM), PM10, and
particulate-phased lead.
Thesamples of paving asphalt were
heated in a specially designed vessel in
(continued page 2)
AIRWA VES
By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-Chair, OAQPS
What's in a name? Well, most of us seem very comfortable
with the name "Control Technology Center" (CTC), but our
friends in Pollution Prevention (P2) have raised an issue. It
seems that "control technology" is not an "in" or "politically
correct" term. The CTC has never differentiated between
controlling air pollution (or preventing it) at its source and
treating a gas stream prior to emission. We strive to provide
information on all feasible options, whether they're P2 methods
or add-on controls. Today, however, the "in" term is P2. Since
the CTC has embarked on an effort to better emphasize its P2
capacity, especially with respect to small businesses, those
that are sensitive to the "correctness" issue are encouraging
the CTC to change its name. So, if you have any ideas for a
new name for the CTC, please let us know. My preference
would be to retain CTC in the new name for continuity and to
sustain our current level of recognition, but we are open to all
suggestions. Send your idea(s) to me on the CTC BBS or just
call the HOTLINE.
It's not to soon to start thinking about your 1995 CTC
project needs. Fiscal year 1995 begins for us in October.
That's when we'll again have funds available to assist you.
Budgets are very iffy things in times of reform and deficit
reduction. You would be wise to get your requests in early.
(HINT: Co-sponsored projects that share responsibility and
resources were looked on very favorably by the Steering
Committeelastyear. lexpectthesamesituationin 1995.) So,
get your request in early! The September 14, 1994, CTC
Steering Committee meeting will be our first opportunity to
discuss 1995 projects. If you want your proposal discussed at
that meeting, you need to submit it as soon as possible. You
can do that by writing the CTC or putting a detailed project
suggestion on the CTC BBS. Call the HOTLINE and ask for
Chuck Darvin or me if you would like to discuss a possible
project.
It is a typical hot and humid summer in the Carolinas. To
keep cool and enjoy some of the water sports in the area, I
finally broke down and bought a used boat. The boat is a lot like
(continued page 3)
Recycled/Recyclable • Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on 100% Recycled Paper (50% Postconsumer)
-------
PAVING ASPHALT
(continued from page 1)
AEERL's Open Burning Simulation Test
Facility at EPA's Environmental Re-
search Center (ERC) in Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. The temperature of the
asphalt was controlled at between 157
and 162°C (314 and 323°F) with a maxi-
mum temperature of 177°C (350°F). The
analysis of these samples revealed sta-
tistically significant emissions of seven
of the targeted PAHs (asterisked in
Table 1). Six VOC compounds were
detected: benzene, ethyl benzene, m,p,-
xylene, o-xylene, toluene, and ethyl ac-
etate. CO, CO2, NO, and SO2 monitors
did not reveal any emissions of these
compounds. The THC concentrations
appeared to increase and decrease in
response to the slight variations of as-
phalttemperatures.
A comparison of the total particu-
lates and PfVL results indicates that the
majority of PM produced was less than
10/um in diameter. Only one test showed
a particulate-phase lead concentration
Table 1 Targeted Polycydic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo(a)anthracene*
Benzo(a)pyrene*
Benzo(b)fluoranlhene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(k)fluoroanthene"
Chrysene"
Dlbenzo(a,h)anthracene
Fluorene
Fluoroanthene*
lndeno(1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Naphthalene*
Phenanthrene
Pyrene"
* Statistically significant emissions detected.
greaterthan three times the facility blank
samples. Although some statistically
significant differences were found be-
tween the emissions from the asphalt
materials tested with and without rubber
(Table 2), these differences were not in
general dramatic.
This study did not attempt to
simulate the physical agitation
undergone during the course of
its application by automated
road construction equipment. In
addition, pilot scale studies are
never perfect simulations of full
scale processes. Despite these
limitations, the estimated emis-
sions values appear to be one of
the best available starting points
for modeling exposures to as-
phalt air emissions. The reader is
cautioned not to use the esti-
mated emissions data provided
to model exposure since the re-
ported air concentrations may
not be directly applicable to all situa-
tions. A report on this study should be
available from the CTC in August, 1994.
Table 2 Summary of Levels of Significance and Estimated Emission Values
Compound
Benzene
2-Methyl Phenol
Dlettiyl Phttialate
bls(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Naphthalene
Fluorathane
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Indenod ,2,3-c,d)pyrene
Lead
PM10 Partlculate (organic train)
Total Partlculate (organic XAD
train)
PM10 Partlculate (metals train)
AC10 Without Rubber vs. Facility
Blank
Level of
Significance"
0.002
NS
O.l
NS
0.1
0.1
0.1
NS
0.02
0,01
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Estimated
Emissions"*
<=57
<=7.2
•£=32.7
<=5.1
<=0.103
<= 1.648
<«= 1.469
<=0.786
<=4.420
<=1.106
<=0.660
<=0.141
<=0.542
26850
27700
37710
AC10 with Rubber vs. Facility
Blank
Level of
Significance*
0.002
0.05
0.1
0.1
NS
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
NS
0.1
NS
NS
0.05
0.05
0.1
Estimated
Emissions"
<=1 10
<=23.7
<=34.37
<=5.3
<=0.063
<=1.178
<=1.6]2
<=0.653
<= 1.957
<=0.306
<=0.204
<=0.065
<=1.10
12710
12950
19810.
NS = Not statistically significant at >90% confidence level.
* = Level of significance is defined as the probability of making a type 1 error (i.e.
this case the tested hypothesis is that the means are equal).
** = Estimated Emission units are /^/(m^min)
of falsely rejecting the tested hypothesis, in
CTC News page 2
-------
MACT, CTG, NSPS, ACT AND TITLE I RULE SCHEDULES*
MACTSTANDARD
Aerospace (coatings)
Asbestos MACT/G ACT
Asbestos Litigation
Benzene Waste NESHAP Lit.
Chromium Electroplating
Coke Ovens
Commercial Sterilizers
Degreasing (Hal. Sol. Clean.)
Dry Cleaning
Haz. Organic NESHAP (HON)
Haz.WasteTSDFPhasell
Haz. Waste TSDF Phase III
Ind. Cooling Towers
Magnetic Tape Coating
Marine Vessel (load/unload)
Off-site Waste Operations
Petroleum Refineries
Polymers & Resins I
Polymers & Resins II
Polymers & Resins III
Polymers & Resins IV
Pulp & Paper (combustion)
Pulp & Paper (non-comb.)
Secondary Lead Smelters
Shipbuilding (coatings)
Stage I Gasoline Distr.
Wood Furniture Coating
Aerospace Coatings
Industrial Wastewater
Offset Lithography
Plastic Parts Coating
Shipbuilding (coating)
Batch Processes
SOCMI Dist. & Reactors
VOL Storage
Wood Furniture Coating
Proposal Final
* 7/31/94 7/31/95
1/95***" 11/95*****
*1/01/93
* 3/05/92 * 1/07/93
*11/30/93 11/23/94
*12/04/92 *10/27/93
* 2/28/94 11/23/94
*11/29/93 11/15/94
* 12/09/91 *9/22/93
*12/31/92 *2/28/94
* 7/22/91 10/04/94
Schedule under revision
* 8/12/93 7/22/94
* 2/28/94 11/23/94
* 5/13/94 4/30/95
10/01/94 10/15/94
*6/30/94 6/30/95
Schedule under revision
*5/16/94 2/28/95
Schedule under revision
3/15/95
2/27/95
*10/29/93
*5/31/94
1/15/95
*2/08/94
3/15/96
4/29/96
3/01/96
5/31/95
11/15/95
11/23/94
Under Regulatory Neg.
Proposal
11/15/94
* 12/29/93
*11/08/93
*1/31/94
Final
7/31/95
on Hold
on Hold
on Hold
Schedule Under Review
*12/27/93 on Hold
*12/12/91 *8/15/93
*12/02/93 on Hold
Under Regulatory Neg.
ACT Final
Bakeries (VOC/O-H APS) *12/31/92
Carbon Regeneration (VOC/O-HAPS) *12/31/92
Gas Turbines (NOx) *11/20/92
Cement Manufacturing (NOx) *1/28/94
Glass Manufacturing (NOx) 4/29/94
1C Engines (NOx) *7/28/93
Industrial Boilers (NOx) *3/30/94
Industrial Clean-up Solvents *2/22/94
Iron & Steel (NOx) 9/94
Nitric/Adipic Acid (NOx) *11/18/91
Pesticide Application *3/31/93
Plywood/Particle Board (PM10) Schedule under
Development
Process Heaters (NOx) *2/26/93
Utility Boilers (NOx) *3/25/94
NSPS
DegreaserNSPS
Elec. Utility Gen. Rev. (NOx)
Landfill NSPS &111(d)
Med. Waste Inc. NSPS & 111 (d)
Mun. Waste Comb. II & III
NOx NSPS Revision (407(c))
SO2 NSPS Revision
SOCMI Reactor NSPS
SOCMI Sec. Sources NSPS
Starch Mfg. Industry NSPS
Proposal
8/31/94
*5/30/94
*5/30/91
2/01/95
5/94
"8/30/94
Final
8/31/95
4/30/95
10/15/94
4/15/96
ON HOLD
Canceled
*6/29/90 *8/31/93
8/31/94 8/31/95
8/31/94 8/31/95
Title I Rules (Sec. 183(e))
Arch./lnd. Coatings
Auto Refinishing
Consumer Products List
Proposal Final
Under regulatory Neg.
Schedule under Development
8/31/94 9/30/95
NOTE: * Indicates date completed; ** All schedules are
tentative and subject to change without notice; *** Schedule to
be determined by litigation/negotiation; ****ACT's will be is-
sued for most CTG categories by April 1994; ***** Indicates
on a court ordered deadline.
AIRWA VES
(continued from page 1)
me - a little olderthan I care to admit and
rough around the edges, but still func-
tional with enough get up and go when
needed. It helps me keep cool, espe-
cially after wrestling with proposed bud-
get cuts, reorganization, and EPA
streamlining. ThecurrentturmoilatEPA
is a lot like riding the inner
tube I tow behind my
boat. There are a lot of
rumors bouncing you
around, and you just try to
hang on; however, in the
Federal bureaucracy,
the goal is to ride the
wave called "stream-
lining government" or
drown in its wake.
Riding and flipping the tube in the wake
of my boat is a lot more fun and refresh-
ing. The buy out and early retirement
plans being offered to reduce the
Federal work force are sounding
better every day.
Enjoy the NEWS and keep cool.
See you in October!
C3
CTC News page 3
-------
BUS ODDS AND ENDS
By Jo Ann Kerrick
VfGYAN
1994 Compilation Update
The 1994 supplement to the RBLC
Compilation of Control Technology
Determinations has just gone to press,
but the electronic version of this year's
supplement is available now on the BLIS
BBS in the Downloading section. The
BBS gives you timely access to this
volume and lets you download just the
sections that you are interested in.
Choose from Appendix F and G sum-
mary information, or select the detailed
Appendix H, with complete listings on
133 new determinations added to the
data base this year.
What Else Is New?
The 1994 RBLC Compilation is not
the only thing that's new on the BBS.
There is on-going effort to update the
electronic documents on the BBS. The
Informational Flyer and User's Guide are
updated semiannually. And each quar-
ter, BLIS articles from the CTC NEWS
are added to the BBS. Just browse
through the list of
files in the
Downloading
section, and
look for any
new files that
you might be
to use.
(New or
revised files
are added to the bottom of the list. Just
check the dates).
Another addition is the BLIS Road
Map, a menu-driven guide to using the
BBS and the BLIS data base. Select
from a brief list of topics, and then view a
one- or two-screen description of how
that feature works in BLIS. We hope the
Road Map helps new users learn their
way around BLIS quickly and alerts old
pros to features that they may have
missed.
Lastly, BLIS now supports five si-
multaneous users. Hopefully, this up-
grade will make it easier to get the infor-
mation you need from BLIS, when you
need it.
Setting the Standard
The control technology information
in BLIS comes from permits issued all
across the country. State and local regu-
lations often specify emission limits in
different units. These permitted limits
are the primary emission limits found in
BLIS and may be entered in whatever
units the permit specifies. To allow users
to compare the effectiveness of different
control technologies, BLIS also has
standard emission limits. These limits
must be entered in the standard units for
that process and pollutant. The RBLC
staff has established standard units for
internal and external combustion pro-
cesses and other processes. As appli-
cable federal regulations are reviewed,
standardized emission units will be es-
tablished for more processes.
When you are adding a determina-
tion to BLIS, only use the standard emis-
sion limits if standard units have been
established for that particular process.
Feel free to use the alternate emission
limits, but please only put standard units
in the standard units field. The standard
units are used in the Ranking Report,
which presents a rank order listing of
pollutant emissions. Incorrect standard
units exclude determinations from the
Ranking Report. Missing standard
emissions make the Ranking Report
less complete.
Preview of Coming Attractions
Beginning thissummerand continu-
ing into early 1995, the RBLC staff will be
reevaluating the BLIS data base.
Prompted by recommendations of the
New Source Review Reform subcom-
mittee, the goal of this effort is to elimi-
nate extraneous information, making the
system more efficient and data entry less
burdensome. The staff also plans to
revise the BLIS screens and, where pos-
sible, incorporate help lists or other op-
tions to make the system easier to use.
Watch the BBS for more details as this
taskprogresses.
LITHOGRAPHIC
PRINTING ACT
DOCUMENT
& WOOD FURNITURE
MODEL RULE
NOW AVAILABLE
THROUGH THE CTC
The "Alternative Control Technique
Document: Offset Lithographic Print-
ing," EPA-453/R-94-054, is now avail-
able through the CTC. This document
supplements the draft control tech-
niques guideline (CTG) announced in
the Federal Register on November 8,
1993. The CTG should not be used
alone, but rather in conjunction with this
ACT document. The ACT provides addi-
tional information that States can use in
developing rules based on reasonably
available control technology (PACT).
"APPENDIX B: PRELIMINARY
DRAFT MODEL RULE FOR WOOD
FURNITURE FINISHING AND CLEAN-
ING OPERATIONS" is now available
through the CTC. This appendix is to be
part of the CTG now being prepared by
EPA (NOTE: the CTG is not available!!.
It presents a model rule for limiting VOC
emissions from wood furniture manufac-
turing facilities located in ozone nonat-
tainment areas or in the ozone transport
region. The model rule is a product of
negotiations among representatives of
the wood furniture industry, environmen-
tal groups, States, and the EPA. It ad-
dresses various factors, including appli-
cability, definitions, emission and work
practice standards, compliance and
monitoring, test methods, and record
keeping and reporting requirements that
need to be addressed in writing an en-
forceable rule. It also provides informa-
tion on how to incorporate an emission
averaging program to meet the require-
ments of the model rule. The model rule
is for illustrative purposes only. States
may use alternative approaches that are
consistent with basic program require-
ments.
You can order these documents
through the CTC BBS or by calling the
CTC HOTLINE.
CTC News page 4
-------
SMALL BUSINESS UPDATE
Deborah Elmore
Federal SBAP Coordinator, CTC/OAQPS
*** COMING SOON TO A PC
NEAR YOU ***
The Small Business Bulletin Board
(SBAP BBS) will be available on the
OAQPS TIN in early September, 1994.
This system will provide an opportunity
to share information on small business
assistance materials and activities. For
additional information, please contact
Deborah Elmore at (919)541 -5437.
STAY TUNED FOR MORE
INFORMATION!
DRY CLEANER
BROCHURE
A brochure en-
titled "New Regula-
tion Controlling
Emissions From Dry
Cleaners" has re-
cently been pub-
lished to provide a
plain-English guide
to the requirements of
the dry cleaning air
toxics regulation. This
information will not only be helpful to dry
cleaners themselves, but to the general
public as well. Although this brochure
has been widely distributed, a limited
number of copies are still
available. For further in-
formation, please contact
Deborah Elmore at
(919)541-5437.
NEW SBAP FEATURE
Welcome to a new feature of the CTCNEWS Small Business Update! For each
issue, we will invite one or more of our Sta te Small Business Assistance Programs
to discuss successful and innovative activities that may be of interest to their
colleagues across the country. If you would like to be one of our "guest writers",
please contact Deborah Elmore at (919)541-5437
PENNSYLVANIA'S AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FUND
By Richard Segrave-Daly
Pennsylvania Small Business Ombudsman
In amending Pennsylvania's Air Pol-
lution Control Act to reflect elements of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
the Pennsylvania legislature estab-
lished the Air Quality Improvement Fund
(AQIF). This program will provide low
interest, direct loans to eligible small
businesses (as defined by the CAAA) to
reduce or eliminate air pollution by pur-
chasing control equipment or changing
existing processes. Three million dollars
have been transferred to the AQIF from
the Hazardous Site Clean-Up Fund.
The application is in two parts. Part
I, the Determination of Eligibility, is used
to compute emissions and describe
what is to be purchased if the loan is
approved. Eligibility is determined by
the Department of Environmental Re-
sources, and is based upon whetherthe
applicant company is emitting a con-
trolled pollutant orairtoxic, and whether
the company's intended actions are
likely to solve the problem. Once a
company is determined as eligible, Part
II of the AQIF application, (the financial
information) is forwarded to the Depart-
ment of Commerce for analysis of credit
worthiness and repayment ability.
The AQIF loans may be as much as
$100,000 and are limited to 75percent of
the cost of the control equipment or pro-
cess change. Repayment may be ex-
tended to seven years, and the interest
rate on the loan is a very favorable two
percent.
To date, 17 completed applications
have been received for review; nine
have been approved for a total of ap-
proximately $339,000. Most loans to
date have been made to dry cleaners
and a few gas stations in the Philadel-
phia severe nonattainment area.
We're making every effort possible
to promote the program to individual
companies, trade associations, cham-
bers of commerce, and local economic
development organizations. Over 200
AQIFapplications have been mailedand
we expect the pace of completed appli-
cations and approvals to increase sub-
stantially in the near future.
For additional information, please
contact Richard Segrave-Daly, Small
Business Ombudsman, Pennsylvania
Department of Commerce at (717) 772-
2889. E9
CTC News page 5
-------
CTC COMPLETES
TIRE-DERIVED FUEL
COMBUSTION STUDY
By Paul M. Lemieux
AEERL
Based on numerous requests to the
CTC from State and local agencies,
EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Laboratory recently completed a
pilot-scale study to examine emissions
of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from
combustion of tire-derived fuel (TDF).
The experiments were performed in a
rotary kiln incinerator simulator located
in Research Triangle Park, NC. In these
experiments, TDF (with the wire re-
moved) sized smaller than 1/4 in. was
co-fired with natural gas, in amounts up
to 20% of the total fuel input at a variety
of feed and combustion conditions.
Samples were taken to measure volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), semi-vola-
tile organic compounds (SVOCs), met-
als, and polychlorinated dibenzo p-diox-
ins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
(PCDD/PCDF). Emissions of carbon
monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons
(THCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAHs) were continuously
measured.
Results indicate that TDF fired in a
steady-state mode will result in very low
emissions of CO, THCs, VOCs, SVOCs,
and PCDD/ PCDF. Metal emissions
were also very low, with the exception of
arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).
Uncontrolled stack concentrations of As
and Pb were 37.16 and 65.96 yug/Nm3,
respectively. Uncontrolled Zn emis-
sions were considerably higher, at
35,465 /4g/Nm3. Results also indicate
that organic emissions can increase sig-
nificantly when TDF is fired in a non-
steady mode. The continuous PAH ana-
lyzer appeared to track transient opera-
tion well, and gave concentration results
in the same range as those derived using
EPA standard SVOC sampling method-
ologies. The PAH analyzer appeared to
be much more sensitive than the CO
analyzer in distinguishing between dif-
ferent degrees of what would be termed
"good" combustion, and may be very
useful forcombustion process control or
optimization.
Emissions were compared to those
from combustion of conventional fossil
fuels (e.g., coal, oil) in utility boilers.
Overall, it appears that, with the excep-
tion of Zn, potential emissions from TDF
combustion are not significantly different
from emissionsfrom combustion of con-
ventional fossil fuels when the TDF is
burned in a well-designed and well-oper-
ated combustion device. „_
OIL SUPPRESSION
OF PM AT GRAIN
ELEVATORS
The CTC Report "Oil Suppression of
Particulate Matter at Grain Elevators,"
EPA-453/R-94-049 is now available.
This report provides summary informa-
tion on oil suppression technology
based on existing data. This technology
appears to be very promising and attrac-
tivef rom both an environmental and cost
perspective. Its relatively low capital
cost and simplicity make it especially
attractive to small country elevator op-
erators. However, available test data
are inadequate to determine emission
factors or overall system effectiveness.
You can orderor download a copy of this
report from the CTC BBS, oryou can call
the CTC HOTLINE.
Because many country elevators
are small businesses, the Federal Small
Business Assistance Program (SBAP)
has made funding available to test oil
suppression at grain elevators. The
SBAP, CTC, Emission Measurement
Technical Information Center (EMTIC)
and the Clearinghouse for Inventory and
Emission Factor Information (CHIEF)
are working with the National Feed and
Grain Association and the State of Ne-
braska to identify test sites and develop
a test protocol. We expect that definitive
emission factor and efficiency informa-
tion for oil suppression technology at
grain elevators will be available in early
1995. Read the CTC NEWS for updates
on status and availability.
oa
CTC EXPERT:
ELAINE MANNING
By Lisa Florer
Acurex Environmental Corporation
What's the Estee Lauder makeup
representative doing at OAQPS? No,
she's nottrying to make over the Chemi-
cals and Petroleum Branch group; in-
stead, she's developing and writing
wastewater control technology regula-
tions. Elaine Manning, a member of the
Petroleum Section of the branch, is the
CTC's expert in wastewater.
Elaine, a native of Raleigh, earned a
bachelor's of science in Clothing Design
and Merchandising from the University
of North Carolina atGreensboro in 1976.
She took a job with Miller & Rhodes
department stores and embarked on a
retail career that lasted for 10 years.
Elaine started as a Department Supervi-
sor and quickly worked her way up to a
Personnel Manager, then to a Merchan-
dise Manager, and finally to an Opera-
tions Manager for two stores. Although
she was successful in her career, Elaine
says she became somewhat discour-
aged with the retail industry and began
attending courses at North Carolina
State Uni-
versity. At
the same
time she
was taking
classes,
she worked
as an Estee
Lauder
Training
and Pro-
motional Representative. By 1990,
Elaine had earned a bachelor's of sci-
ence degree in Civil Engineering. She
interviewed with Susan Wyatt (Chemi-
cals and Petroleum Branch Chief) on
campus in the summer of 1990 then
visited the Mutual Building and inter-
viewed with K.C. Hustvedt the section
Chief for the Petroleum Section. Im-
pressed by the people in the group and
the potential work, she accepted a posi-
tion as an environmental engineer with
EPA
(continuedpage 7)
CTC News page 6
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CTC EXPERT:
(continued from page 6)
The demands of the 1990 Clean Air
Act Amendments (CAAA) led to an in-
crease in the workload for OAQPS.
Elaine was one of the first hired to help
with the increased responsibilities re-
sulting from the CAAAs. Her first project
was to help develop the Industrial
WastewaterControl Techniques Guide-
line (CTG). The CTG, along with a later
project—the Industrial Wastewater Al-
ternative Control Technology document
(ACT)—provide guidance to States and
industry for airemissions from wastewa-
ter control. In addition, she helped com-
plete the wastewater portion of the Haz-
ardous Organic NESHAP (HON), which
was published in final form in April.
Because of her involvement with the
CTG/ACT and the recent release of the
HON, Elaine's involvement with the CTC
Hotline has dramatically increased. The
new regulations set forth in the HON
have forced people to find out how they
can comply, and as a result, she says
that CTC calls about the wastewater
regulations alone have increased three
times in numbers in the last six months.
Elaine's work with air emission fac-
tors for wastewater for the pulp and pa-
per industry has allowed her to do some
traveling. She represented the Petro-
leum Section Pulp and Paperteam at on-
site testing locations in North Carolina
(continued page 8)
<• >
Control Technology Center NEWS
The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of the
U.S.EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC). The
CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no cost, technical
assistance service for all State and local (S/l) air
pollution control agency and EPA Regional Office
staffs. For others, some services may be on a cost
reimbursable basis. The CTC offers quick access to
EPA experts and expertise via the CTC HOTLIN E and
the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-depth technical sup-
port through source specific Engineering Assistance
Projects or more generic Technical Guidance
Projects. The CTC is operated by the Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, and the Emission Standards Divi-
sion, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
If you have any air pollution emission or control
questions, or would like more information about the
CTC and the types of technical assistance available,
CALL THE CTC HOTLINE!
(919)541-0800
Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S.EPA, nor does the mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.
EPA HOTLINES
Acid Rain Hotline:
Air Risk Information Support Center Hotline:
Alternative Treatment Technology Information Center: voice:
BBS:
Asbestos Ombudsman Clearinghouse/Hotline:
Clean-up Information Bulletin Board System: voice:
BBS:
Clean Lakes Clearinghouse:
Control Technology Center:
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Information Hotline:
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Environmental Financing Information Network:
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EPA Model Clearinghouse:
Green Lights Program (energy efficient lighting)
Hazardous Waste Ombudsman Program:
Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse:
Info Chief (Emission Factor Clearinghouse):
INFOTERR|A"~(sharing international environmental information):
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International Cleaner Production Information Clearinghouse-voice:
Methods Information Communication Exchange (hazardous
waste test methods information):
National Response Center (hazardous mat'l releases):
National Small Flows Clearinghouse (information on
small alternative wastewater technology):
National AirToxics Information Clearinghouse:
National Radon Hotline:
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System:
National Lead Information Center Hotline:
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (BBS)
voice:
BBS:
Office of Public Liaison EPA Activities Update Hotline:
Office of Research and Development Electronic BBS:BBS:
OzonAction: (programmatic and technical information on
alternative for ozone depleting substances):
Pollution Prevention Information Exchange System:
voice:
BBS:
voice:
BBS:
Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse:
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse:
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act/Superfund/UndergroundStorageTankHotline:
Risk Communication Hotline:
Safe Drinking Water Hotline:
Small Business Ombudsman Clearinghouse/Hotline:
Solid Waste Assistance Program:
Storm Water Hotline:
Stratospheric Ozone Hotline:
Toxic Substances Control Act Assistance Information Service:
Toxic Release Inventory User Support:
WastewaterTreatment Information Exchange:
Wetlands Protection Hotline:
(617)764-7377
(919)541-0888
(301)670-6294
(301)670-3808
(800)368-5888
(301)589-8368
(301)589-8366
(800)726-5257
(919)541-0800
(800)535-0202
(800)962-6215
(202)260-0420
(202)260-2080
(919)541-5683
(202)775-6650
(800)262-7937
(800)438-4318
(919)541-5285
(202)260-5917
(800)424-4000
(703)821-4800
(703)821-4789
(800)424-8802
(800)624-8301
(919)541-0850
(800)767-7236
(317)494-6614
(800)532-3394
(919)541-5384
(919)541-5742
(202)260-9001
(800)258-9605
(703)821-4800
(703)506-1025
(703)821-4800
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(202)260-1023
(919)541-0800
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(202)260-5606
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(703)821-4823
(800)296-1996
(202)554-1404
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(800)544-1936
(800) 832-7823
CTC News page 7
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CTC EXPERT:
(continued from page 7)
and the West Coast. Her most memo-
rable experience was the three weeks
she spent atseveral pulp and paper mills
in Washington state. Elaine says that
believe it or not, she and the team she
was with got used to the overwhelming
plant odor, it was the black, gunky paper
pulpthat dripped on them throughout the
day that took some getting used to.
When she's not working on waste-
water control guidelines, Elaine is in-
volved with computer modeling. Elaine
is working with models that are used to
estimate air emissions from wastewater
in collection and treatment systems.
Elaine beams when she talks about
her drastic career switch from retail to
engineering. She says thatalthough her
job is very rewarding, it's the people she
works with that make the difference.
Elaine still finds time to read and often
takes off for the beach on weekends—
anything to avoid having to go to the mall!
arc ASSISTANCE
fte cost assistance to staff of £&te st
ageBcfesanirf EPA ftegfo&a) Offices eoatr polttt-
tjan confrd tecfenofogy isaaes.
CTC MfitliSEr CALL <9?9). 641 -6800 is> access
EPA expert staff forconsfcitattossv tsJerew&s to
pertinent Bteta&ira, ot access to EPA technical
data ^rf analyses. Fax' ^91 9)541-0245
ASSISTANCE PROJECTS: If
yen need jtKfepSt assistaoee concerning a spe-
cifift coftttfcf teeanotogy pfobfem,. caS Ins WOT-
L)N£orwrtfelheCTC. The EPAstaffansicoBfrae-
{ors are available for short-term pfojeols $acft as
review t>1 ptoposed of extsSng eonfral techBoJogy
, Projecfeare subject (D CTC Steering
QtttfJAtiJGe PROJfiCtSl Jl ttH?
CTC mosfves a wmfcer af stoiiat HOTUNE ealt$
of a jraftt request from a grouji of agencies, the
CTC Steering Cammfttee: mgy iflidertak« broaqf,
The tesultrnay be acontrd f eehiTO)CHgy document
fgr 4 partieoiar 1yp& ot soared, rrteroeorRpufer
aafiware, or seminars and wotkshops,
CTC BBSiGHB ($19) 54V5742 for modems up to
14 ,400 bps Soaccess fh&CTC SuBetin Board. Set
paratnefers to $ ^dta Wte, N
fiaftfy,:and 1 stop bit and use a tefmtnal emulation
LIME requests, ardef rfacUWfefrts, suggest
projects, and download software The Bfc& ia pajt
of tbfe OAQPS
FEDERAL SMALL BUSJNESS ASSISTANCE
CKJardinatfoa of efforts aroon^ the four EPA cen-
lets parfcipattng in the program, Tne fedsrat
proaraw fe jsteo
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