United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA456/N-95-001
July 1995
4vEPA Control Technology Center
NEWS
Volume 7, No. 3
A JOINT EPA/STAPPA / ALAPCO PROJECT
July 1995
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
LOWCONCENTRA TION
ORGANIC VAPOR GAS
STREAMS
By Bob Blaszczak
CTC/OAQPS
The CTC has completed "Survey of
Control Technologies for Low Concen-
tration Organic Vapor Gas Streams,"
EPA-456/R-95-003. The term organic
vapor (OV), as used in this report, in-
cludes both volatile organic compounds
(VOC) and organic hazardous air pollut-
ants (HAP). The purpose of this study
was to identify permitted control devices
that have been installed and demon-
strated to be effective for treating low
concentration OV gas streams, particu-
larly those with high air flow rates. For
this report, low concentration means
100 ppm or below and high flow rates
means those above 100,000 cfm.
Manufactures were contacted to iden-
tify locations where low concentration
OV control systems have been in-
stalled and tested. Then, State and
local agencies were contacted to ,—
obtain permit and source test infor-
mation. The types of technologies
considered in this report are listed
in TABLE 1.
Technologies ^-
are commercially /^ *•
available to treat low /
OV gas streams,
some with efficien-
cies >99%. As can
be expected, the
lower the concentra-
tion in the gas
stream the higher
the control cost. Ad-
sorption-based technologies are the
most popular control systems for treat-
ing low OV gas streams based
on the number of commercial
installations. The paring of
adsorption and desorption
steps (e.g. rotary carbon
and zeolite beds) that
concentrate OV for a
^ ~~\ separate treatment
\
(continued page 2)
AIRWAVES
By Bob Blaszczak
CTC/OAQPS,Co-Chair
Well it's 1:45 Sunday afternoon, July 9,1995. It'sasunny
day in the mid to upper 80's. A great day to be at the lake or
beach (or down the shore for you folks back home in PA &
NJ). But here I sit at my home computer trying to put together
the last few items for the July CTC NEWS. I hope your
summer has been more relaxing than mine and that this
edition of the CTC NEWS reaches you before Labor Day.
It has been very busy here. We've been trying to put the
final touches on a few overdue CTC reports, finalize the CTC
annual report for FY94 (Yea, I know it's almost FY96, but
what else is new?), establish the new U.S.- Mexico Border Air
Pollution Information Center, put out the annual RACT/
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) update report, and get
the Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP) electronic
bulletin board system (BBS) operational while maintaining all
our regular CTC services - all of this with less resources than
in years past. (Although staff resources look about the same
on paper, most CTC staffers have acquired new non-CTC
duties.) I feel like we are really testing that line about doing
more with less. Remember that story about all the work that
has to get done. It finds an excuse for everyone else in the
world except the storyteller (in this case, me) and the person
he's telling it to. The punch line is that there's no one left but
the other person and me to do all the work, so let's get to it.
Well, I think they laid off the other person!
I am glad to announce that we have completed several
CTC reports that address existing and emerging technologies
for treating low concentration organic vapor emissions (lead
article), prevention and control options for ammonia emis-
sions, and State and local regulations that have gone beyond
VOC CTG RACT requirements. There are articles on each
report in this edition of the CTC NEWS. If you're interested
in the CTC FY94 Annual report, it should be available in
August, just in time for our annual meeting with our STAPPA/
ALAPCO advisory group (it's in final editing).
(continued page 2)
-------
ORGANIC VAPOR GAS
STREAMS
(continued from page 1)
step (usually an incinerator) are in-
creasingly proposed, especially for high
flow OV streams.
Absorption/stripping and ultraviolet
(UV)/ozone catalytic oxidation also are
successfully being used to treat low OV
streams and, based on limited cost in-
formation, may be competitive with the
more widely used adsorption based pro-
cesses in certain cases. In addition,
regenerative incineration units are be-
ing proposed by venders to treat lowOV
gas streams.
There is a trend for venders to col-
laborate to provide "best-of-breed"
combinations of devices to make up a
case specific control system. The de-
velopment of these hybrid systems is
developing at a rapid pace which ap-
pears to be driven by the implementa-
tion of new and existing regulations.
Currently, 25 control systems for
low concentration, high flow OV gas
streams are know to exist in the U.S. All
are either permitted, being permitted, or
installed under a consent order. Docu-
mentation in the form of permits and
TYPE
source test results incineration
was requested for
all these devices
during this study.
Descriptions and
relevant details on
all these systems,
such as process
diagram, inlet con-
centration, flow
rate, industrial ap-
plication, and lo-
cation, are pro-
vided in the report.
Control of low
concentration OV
streams is cur-
rently one of the
most dynamic
segments of the
air pollution control technology industry.
The technologies as well as their appli-
cations are undergoing rapid change
and development. This study offers a
snapshot of low OV technology at a
particular point in time. Anyone using
this report should be prepared to seek
out updates on these technologies, es-
pecially on cost-effectiveness data.
The CTC will consider updating this
report periodically to adequately reflect
Adsorption
(Carbon/Zeolite/Polymer)
Absorption
Other Technologies
Emerging Technologies
DESCRIPTION
Catalytic
Regenerative Thermal
Recuperative Heat Recovery
Flares
Boilers and Process Heaters
Nonregenerable Adsorption
Regenerable Fixed Bed
Modified Adsorption (including
adsorption/incineration combinations)
Various Commercial Scrubber Systems
Enhanced Carbon Adsorption
Condensation
Flameless Thermal Oxidation
Biofiltration
Corona Discharge
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
TABLE 1: CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES EVALUATED
this dynamic segment of technology
development.
This report can be downloaded
from the CTC BBS. Government agen-
cies can request a hard copy by calling
the CTC HOTLINE. Others can pur-
chase a hard copy from the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS)
by calling (800) 553-6847.
AIRWAVES
(continued from page 1)
We actually did get the U.S.-Mexico
Border Information Center on Air Pollu-
tion, CICA (Centre de Informacion
sobre Contaminacion del Aire in Span-
ish) on line on May 1, 1995. It offers a
bilingual (Spanish & English) HOTLINE
(919/541-1800), and many CTC type
services to support efforts to improve air
quality along the border. CICA's pri-
mary target customers are the Federal,
State and local government air pollution
agencies and universities in Mexico and
the U.S. who are working on air pollution
problems along the border. Mr. Jaime
Mendieta, a senior environmental em-
ployee, has joined the CTC and will be
answering the CICA HOTLINE. If
you're working on U.S.-Mexico border
issues and need help, give Jaime a call.
The annual RBLC report is moving
along and should be to the printer by the
end of July. Agency RBLC contacts
should be receiving their copies in Sep-
tember. Remember, all the information
in this years report is available now!
Just turn on your PC, get on-line with the
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network
(TTN) and select the RBLC BBS. All
current and historical data in the Clear-
inghouse will be at your fingertips. By
the way, if you didn't notice, our name is
changing from BLIS (BACT/LAER In-
formation System) to RBLC. We don't
mean to confuse you, but we think its
time to switch to the name actually
established forthe Clearinghouse in the
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. De-
pending when you read this, the change
may or may not have happened yet. So,
if you don't see one of these names look
for the other on the TTN menu.
Joe Steigerwald has suggested
that we change to a quarterly or sea-
sonal designation for the CTC NEWS
rather than the January, April, July, and
October designations that we have his-
torically used. He almost has me
convinced to make the change, but I'm
concerned that a less specific target
date to get out the NEWS may result in
a more lax attitude about getting the job
done. I feel bad enough if I get the
NEWS to you a month ortwo late. I can't
imagine how I would feel if you got the
Winter edition in the Spring or Fall.
I hope you're having a great sum-
mer. See you in October (at least we'll
try)!
CTC News page 2
-------
MACT, CTG, NSPS, ACT AND TITLE I RULE SCHEDULES
**
MACT STANDARD
Aerospace (coatings)
Asbestos MACT/GACT
Asbestos Litigation
Ferroalloys
Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Marine Vessel (load/unload)
Mineral Wool
Off-site Waste & Recovery
Petroleum Refineries
Pharmaceutical Production
Polymers & Resins I
Polymers & Resins II
Polymers & Resins III
Polymers & Resins IV
Portland Cement
Primary Aluminum Prod.
Printing/Publishing
Pulp & Paper (combustion)
Pulp & Paper (non-comb.)
Secondary Aluminum Prod.
Secondary Lead Smelters
Shipbuilding (coatings)
Wood Furniture Coating
Wood Treatment
CTG ****
Aerospace Coatings
Industrial Wastewater
Shipbuilding (coating)
Offset Lithography
Plastic Parts Coating
VOL Storage
Wood Furniture Coating
Proposal
*6/6/94
* 1/24/95*"
*1/1/93
9/95
2/96
*5/13/94
2/96
* 10/1 3/94
*6/30/94
3/96
*6/15/95
*5/16/94
Schedule
*3/15/95
1/96
10/95
*3/1/95
*2/27/95
10/95
11/95
*5/31/94
*1 1/22/94
*1 1/21/94
11/95
Final
8/95
11/95***
***
11/96
1/97
8/95
3/97
11/95
8/95
11/97
5/96
*3/8/95
Under Revision
3/96
1/97
11/96
3/96
12/96
3/96
12/97
*6/23/95
11/95
11/95
11/96
ACT
Proposal Final
*11/15/94 8/95
*12/29/93 on Hold
Schedule Under Review
*11/8/93 on Hold
on Hold on Hold
*12/2/93 on Hold
*11/21/94 11/95
Final
Plywood/Particle Board (PM10)
Batch Processes
NSPS
Degreaser NSPS
Elec. Utility Gen. Rev. (NOx)
Landfill NSPS & 111(d)
Med. Waste Inc. NSPS & 111(d)
NOx NSPS Revision (407(c))
Mun. Waste Combustors II & III
SOCMI Sec. Sources NSPS
Starch Mfg. Industry NSPS
Schedule Under Dev.
*2/7/95
Proposal
*8/31/94
*5/30/94
*5/30/91
*2/1/95
11/95
*9/20/94
*8/31/94
*8/31/94
Final
8/95
12/96
8/95
4/96
12/96
9/95
8/95
8/95
Other Rules Proposal Final
Arch./lnd. Coatings (§183e) *5/5/95 5/96
Auto Refinishing (§183e) Schedule Under Dev.
Consumer Products List (§183e)*8/31/94 9/95
Haz. Waste TSDF, Phase II
(RCRA) *7/22/91 12/95
Haz. Waste TSDF, Phase III
(RCRA) Schedule Under Revision
NOTE:
* Indicates date rule appeared in Federal Register.
** All schedules are tentative and subject to change without
notice. Only those rules with proposal or promulgation
dates within one year are included. Completed rules are
removed from list after six months.
***Schedule to be determined by litigation/negotiation
****ACT's have been issued for most CTG categories.
BEYOND RACT
Mohamed Serageldin, Ph.D.
ESD/OAQPS
The "Beyond VOC RACT CTG Re-
quirements" study is completed. This
study was requested by the Lake Michi-
gan Air Directors Consortium
(LMADCO) and should help states in
their emission reduction efforts to attain
the national ambient air quality stan-
dards (NAAQS) for ozone. The study
identifies State, local, and District regu-
lations that exceed reasonably avail-
able control technology (RACT) re-
quirements that are specified in the
Federal control techniques guidelines
(CTGs). States can use this informa-
tion to tighten requirements for CTG
RACT source categories.
CTG groups I, II, and III are the
focus of this study. A maximum of six
state regulations were considered for
each source category. Regulations
from eight states (Colorado, Connecti-
cut, Maine, New Jersey, New York,
Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah) and
two California control districts were ex-
amined. The two California Districts
evaluated were the Bay Area Air Quality
Management District (AQMD) and the
South Coast AQMD. The more strin-
gent regulations and those that we iden-
tified to have pollution prevention provi-
sions were summarized for quick refer-
ence in a tabular format (see Table 1 for
an example).
The original request from LADCO
was to evaluate the stringency of the
different regulations since more strin-
gent regulations would be aimed to
achieve higher reduction in emissions.
We recognize, however, that a more
stringent requirement in a regulation will
not always directly translate into a re-
duction in emissions. For example,
more stringent emission limits on the
VOC content of coatings (including
inks) do not necessarily result in reduc-
tions in emissions, unless the total
amount of the lower VOC coatings is
also restricted by the regulation in terms
of a production parameter (a material
balance approach). Nevertheless,
(continued page 4)
CTC News page 3
-------
BEYOND RACT
(continued from page 3)
tighter emission limits were marked in
Table 1 as more stringent.
In most cases comparing strin-
gency of emission limits was straightfor-
ward. However, many of the regula-
tions had additional (sometimes more
specific) requirements than those re-
quired by RACT in the CTG. Many of
those proved difficult to evaluate for
stringency; for example the emission
impacts of requirements specifying
general design criteria, equipment
specifications, or work practices are
difficult to determine. If an additional
requirement in a regulation did not ap-
pear to result in a quantifiable extra
reduction in pollution, the regulation
was not termed more stringent than the
CTG RACT.
In this study a distinction is made
between two aspects of a regulation
that affect the emission reduction
achievable: the stringency of the regula-
tion and the applicability of the regula-
tion. In Table 1 an "X" underthe column
labelled "Stringency" identifies those
regulations found to be more stringent
than the CTG. The X under the column
labelled "Applicability" is used to identify
those regulations that provide specific
exemptions or affect different source
TABLE 1: EXAMPLE OF SUMMARY TABLE
CTG CATEGORY
SURFACE COATING OF
FABRICS
STATE/DISTRICT
COLORADO
NEW JERSEY
RHODE ISLAND
UTAH
MAINE
BAY AREA AQMD
SOUTH COAST
AQMD
EMISSION REDUCTION COMPARISlSKl
STRINGENC1,
X
X
X
APPLICABILIT?
X
X
POLLUTION PREVENTION
WORK
OTHER
EMISSION
X
X
X
• Federal CTG and "Blue Book" used as the basis.
• State/District rule provides quantifiable additional reduction relative to CTG.
I State/District rule affects additional sources and may provide additional reductions relative to CTG
populations than indicated in the CTG.
The term applicability was used to high-
light the possibility that the regulation
may result in lower (or higher) reduc-
tions. An X under pollution prevention
meant that the requirement in the regu-
lation would lead to quantifiable reduc-
tions at the source of pollution. The
report also includes detailed tables as-
sessing and comparing each rule by
CTC category
At least one State (or District) regu-
lation had rules which were more strin-
gent than Federal RACT in 24 of the 28
CTG categories considered. Overall,
the Bay Area and South Coast regula-
tions are more stringent than Federal
RACT and State regulations.
The report, EPA-453/R-95-010,
can be downloaded from the CTC BBS.
Government agencies can request a
copy by calling the CTC HOTLINE. Oth-
ers can purchase a copy by calling the
National Technical information Service
(NTIS) at (800) 553-6847.
NEW RBLC FEA TURES SA ME, JUMP, AND MARK
By Jo Ann Kerrick, VfGYAN
The RACT/BACT/LAER Clearing-
house (RBLC) has made several im-
provements to help you work more effi-
ciently. These new features will get you
to your data faster. They're available
now! Try them out.
Save Search Criteria
The Query module in the RBLC
information system allows you to
search any of its data bases using cus-
tomized combinations of search fields,
operators, and values. This capability
gives you tremendous flexibility, but it
can be extremely frustrating when you
have to re-enter the same criteria in
order to search a different data base.
The RBLC now has an option that elimi-
nates this duplicate work. You can save
your search criteria and automatically
reapply it to another data base. When-
ever you're exiting from the query menu
after building a search criteria, the sys-
tem asks if you want to save the search
criteria before returning to the data base
selection menu. If you do save your
criteria and then select another data
base to search, the system automati-
cally searches the new data base with
the saved criteria. It shows the number
of determinations that meet the criteria
and then displays the Query menu. If
the search is successful, you can imme-
diately view or download the data. Just
as with other searches you perform, you
can use the advanced search option to
edit the saved criteria, and you can
reactivate any of the subsets or the
main data base. If you build compli-
cated criteria that you want to use on
several RBLC data bases, try this new
option to save keystrokes and time.
"Jump" to Facility
The Browse module of the regula-
tion data base (REGS) was designed to
let you scan all of the rules in the data
base without doing a potentially time-
consuming search. Two new options let
you move around the complete rule list
and mark information for download in
record time. Browse sorts the regula-
tion list by affected facility name to help
you find rules of interest as you page
through the data base. A new "Jump"
(continued page 5)
CTC News page 4
-------
RBLCFEATURES
(continued from page 4)
option allows you to enter a letter and
move directly to the affected facility
whose name begins with that letter. If
you are looking for the rule for "SULFU-
RIC ACID PLANTS", the jump option
saves you the trouble of paging through
the rules from A to R. If the data base
does not contain any rules that begin
with a particular letter, jump moves
down the rule list to the affected facility
that begins with the next higher letter in
the alphabet (for example, "RUBBER
TIRE MFC" when you try to jump to "Q").
Jump may not help you locate a rule
exactly in all cases, but it is a good way
to move quickly around the entire REGS
data base.
"Mark" for Download
In addition to viewing rules on-line,
Browse allows you to mark selected
rules and download them to your local
PC. The original version required you to
choose a regulation from the list and go
to the regulation data screen in order to
mark the rule for downloading. A new
"Mark" option at the rule list is faster to
get to and lets you mark several rules
with fewer keystrokes. When you se-
lect mark, a pop-up box prompts you to
enter the appropriate mark option (Fig-
ure 1). You can mark or unmark all of
the rules currently displayed on the
screen, or you can mark/unmark a
single rule. For single rules, this option
acts as a toggle, switching the mark on
or off. If you're only interested in one
rule, it doesn't much matter how you
mark your selection. When you want to
download a group of rules, the mark
option is noticeably faster. You can
mark the rules of interest to you while
paging through the rule list.
Try these new options in REGS
Browse, and see for yourself how quick
and easy it is to locate information you
need. i—
REGS BROWSE VIEWREGULATION LIST
REC
NO RULE ID
14 C RUS-0097
15 RUS-0031
16 RUS-0023
17 C RUS-0093
18 C RUS-0095
19 RUS-0010
20 C RUS-0089
21 RUS-0087
22 C RUS-0104
BASIS AFFECTED FACILITY
MACT CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING AND ANODIZING
NSPS COAL PREPARATION PLANTS
ENTER RECORD NUMBER, A, OR U:
YOU MUST MARK ONE OR MORE RULES IF YOU WISH TO
DOWNLOAD INFORMATION TO YOUR PC. TO MARK ONE
RULE, ENTER ITS RECORD NUMBER. ENTER A TO MARK
ALL RULES ON THIS PAGE. ENTER U TO UNMARK ALL.
A "C" MEANS THE TEXT OF A REGULATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE CAAA BBS.
AN "M" MEANS A REGULATION HAS BEEN MARKED FOR INCLUSION IN DOWNLOAD.
ENTER
OPTION
TYPE ONE OF THE RECORD NUMBERS LISTED ON THIS PAGE, OR
TYPE A OR U. THEN PRESS .
TO ABANDON FOR HELP
Figure 1: Example of VIEW REGULATION LIST Screen
AMMONIA CONTROL
AND P2 OPTIONS
By Bob Blaszczak,
CTC/OAQPS
The CTC has completed "Control
and Pollution Prevention Options for
Ammonia Emissions," EPA-456/R95-
002. This report was undertaken to
provide CTC HOTLINE callers who
have expressed concern over the haz-
ards of ammonia with needed pollution
prevention (P2) and control technology
information. Although Congress de-
cided not to include ammonia in the list
of hazardous air pollutants in Section
112(b) of the Clean Air Act, ammonia's
toxicity, explosive nature and odor prob-
lems make it a concern that needs to be
considered by environmental and
health agencies.
The main sources of ammonia
emissions are fertilizer production, coke
manufacturing using the by-product re-
covery method, fossil fuel combustion
through the control of NOx, livestock
management, and refrigeration. This
CTC report focuses on these industries
since they are the only ones that have
been identified as implementing P2 or
control methods to reduce ammonia
emissions. The technologies used by
these industries include wet scrubbers,
condensate strippers, recovery and re-
cycle techniques, reducing agent limita-
tion, capture systems, and good main-
tenance practices. Most of these meth-
ods are feasible and may be applied to
(continued page 6)
SMALL BUSINESS UPDATE
Deborah Elmore, Federal SBAP Coordinator, CTC/OAQPS
If you have received copies of the EPA brochure "New
Regulation Controlling Air Emissions from Chromium Electro-
plating and Anodizing Tanks" (EPA-453/F-95-001), please
stop distribution of
these materials imme-
diately!
The information
concerning the regula-
tion and its require-
ments is correct, however, an error was discovered in the text
due to a copyright issue. A revised version is available for
downloading from the CAAA BBS on the OAQPS TTN. If you
have any questions, or
would like to receive a
hard copy of the re-
vised brochure, please
Handy Dry Cleaners
Clyde's
Copies
call the
HOTLINE.
CTC
CTC News page 5
-------
AMMONIA CONTROL
(continued from page 5)
smaller ammonia sources.
Wet scrubbers are the most com-
mon control technique used for ammo-
nia with demonstrated efficiencies up to
99%. Scrubbers are commonly used by
the fertilizer, livestock management,
and coke by-product manufacturing in-
dustries. Although these industries
tend to be large sources of ammonia,
wet scrubbers are available to treat air
emission streams as low as 1 cfm.
Condensate strippers are the sec-
ond most popular control device; how-
ever, in many cases they are consid-
ered as an intrinsic part of the manufac-
turing process rather than an add-on
control device. Strippers remove am-
monia and return it backto the manufac-
turing process to reduce the need for
raw input materials. This recycling tech-
nique is commonly used in the fertilizer
industry and in refrigeration units.
P2 techniques used to prevent am-
monia emissions include recycle, limit-
ing ammonia/urea use to control NOx
from combustion sources, capture de-
vices, and implementing good mainte-
nance practices. Capture systems play
a critical role in collecting ammonia
emissions for treatment or recycle, as
demonstrated in coke by-product facili-
ties and refrigeration systems. These
same two source categories offer good
examples of good maintenances prac-
tices; that is, they ensure that equip-
ment is maintained at a quality opera-
tional level to minimize leaks and pro-
duction losses.
For the post-combustion NOx con-
trol technologies of selective catalytic
reduction (SCR) and selective non-
catalytic reduction (SNCR), when either
ammonia or urea is used as the reduc-
ing agent, ammonia may be emitted
with effluent steam (often referred to as
ammonia slip). This condition can be
minimized by good equipment opera-
tion practices and by limiting the amount
of reducing agent added to the amount
required to meet permit and operational
requirements.
If you would like to get a copy of this
report, you can download it from the
CTC BBS. Government agencies can
get a hard copy by calling the CTC
HOTLINE. Others can purchase hard
copies through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) by calling
(800) 553-6847. ,—,
TECHNOLOGY
NOTEBOOK:
HAP-PRO Version 2.0,
Transferring Disk Copies
Joe Steigerwald
CTC/OAQPS
The Hazardous Air Pollutant-Pro-
gram (HAP-PRO) is currently available
from the Downloading Area of the CTC
BBS. The downloadable file is very
large (1.77 MB) and some users have
been having problems transferring it
from one PC to another. (A two-disk
version of HAP-PRO Version 2.0 will be
made available through the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS) in
the near future, but it is not available
yet.) One may think that the program
could not be transferred from the com-
puter on which it was downloaded un-
less you were to generate your own
floppy disks from the installed files.
However, there are better ways!
The best way to transfer this or any
large file(s) between computers is to
use PKZIP, the program you use to
expand files you download from the
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network
Bulletin Board System (TTN BBS).
Please remember, the copy of PKZIP
that you downloaded from the TTN BBS
is free as long as you only use it to zip
and unzip files either going to or down-
loaded from the OAQPS TTN BBS.
PKZIP has an option, the "-&" op-
tion, to compress a large, or numerous
small or large files, onto multiple dis-
kettes. The format for the command is:
prompt>PKZIP -& :zipfile
filename"! filename2
where: =the drive letter of the
destination diskette
zipfile =the name you assign
the new compressed file that
you create;
filenamel, etc =the names(s)
of the file(s) you wish to
compress or any 'wildcard'
(If your interested in PKZIP options, you
can get a complete list of PKZIP options
by going into a directory that has
PKZIP.EXE in it and typing:
prompt>PKZIP. This will display the
format of the command options and
indicate ways to see other options, in-
cluding the spanning option discussed
below.)
As an example, if you are transfer-
ring a file called HAPPRO2.EXE, and
you choose to call the zipfile "HP2.ZIP,"
(NOTE: the "ZIP" extender indicates a
compressed file) the PKZIP command
to compress it to the A drive would be:
prompOPKZIP -& A:HP2.ZIP HAPPR02.EXE
When executed, the computer
would prompt you to put a diskette in the
A drive, write as much as would fit,
prompt you for a second diskette, and
so on until the whole file was com-
pressed onto the A drive. Once you
have a copy on diskette, you can put the
program/files on any PC by putting the
first diskette in the A drive (or whatever
drive letter is appropriate) and typing:
prompt>PKUNZIP :zipfile
In our example, this would be:
prompt>PKUNZIP A:PH2.ZIP
The computer will examine the file
and prompt you to swap diskettes. Re-
member, you need to have a copy of
PKZIP and PKUNZIP for this to work
and that the compressed file will expand
into whatever directory you are in when
you issue the command unless you
specify another, with a full path name, in
the PKUNZIP command after the zipfile
name.
If you have multiple files to transfer,
you will also need to know and enter
each file name in the "-&" command or
use wild cards. The simplest way to do
multiple files is to create a directory
containing only the files to be trans-
ferred and PKZIP. Then type:
prompt>PKZIP -& :filename *.*
This will transfer all files in the current
directory to the specified drive.
Another way, if both of the comput-
(continued page 7)
CTC News page 6
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GENECRUMPLER:
OAQPS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEER
As an environmental engineer
within EPA's Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards (OAQPS), Gene
Grumpier is currently leading the devel-
opment of MACT standards for the
wood preserving and the primary cop-
per smelter industries.
Gene joined OAQPS four
years ago, moving from
Washington, D.C. to
Durham, NC in the pro-
cess. He worked for the
EPA for fifteen years in
Washington, first in the Of-
fice of Solid Waste (OSW)
for eight years and then in
the Office of Water for an-
other six.
In OSWs Hazardous
Waste Program, Gene
helped the EPA set up evaluation
methods for chemical, physical, and
biological treatment processes for haz-
ardous wastes. He also authored the
1981 standards for hazardous waste
incineration. During his tenure with
OSW, he contributed to almost 40 pa-
pers and presentations dealing with
hazardous waste.
Following a two-year stint as a
consultant outside of government,
Gene joined EPA's Office of Water.
While there, he concentrated on devel-
oping regulations for incineration of
sewage sludge. He wrote and collabo-
rated on 18 papers and presentations
regarding municipal wastewater
sludge during these years. While in the
Office of Water, he also contributed to
EPA's Ocean Incineration Regulatory
Program.
Upon moving to the Durham office,
Gene began working in different regu-
latory areas. He moved away from
waste incineration and now studies
other areas of air pollution relating to
specific industries. The change in his
work assignments, he admits, was dif-
ficult but exciting. "I find it challenging,"
Gene said, referring to his new industry
areas. "When I came here, I came into
new areas. I felt it was a professional
challenge to get up to speed."
Gene's ability to move to new areas
within EPA comes from his earlier work
as an engineer in the industrial sector.
Between 1963 and 1975 he worked for
three industrial firms. This included
work in the chemical and the synthetic
fiber industries. Also, from 1983 to 1985
he served as a project manager for an
environmental con-
sulting firm in Vir-
ginia. This varied
experience, Gene
explained, is part of
the reason the EPA
hired him in 1975
and again in 1985.
"It gives me a per-
spective on what In-
dustry has to deal
with to meet stan-
dards," he said, "and
it allows me to have
a more rounded viewpoint."
When asked what his lasting contri-
bution to EPA will be, Gene pointed out
that his work is far from over. However,
he does admit that his work with waste
incineration development and regula-
tion during the '80s was an important
project for him. The importance of his
work seems to be a key element in
Gene's decision to first join and then
stay with the EPA. In 1975, he was
looking "to do something of more signifi-
cance, (something with) more of a per-
sonal impact on people." The EPA
afforded him that opportunity.
Outside of the EPA building, Gene
can be found on the golf course, practic-
ing a skill that he is "continually working
on." The Research Triangle Park area
(Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, NC),
he notes, allows him to lead a life-style
that is less stressful than the frantic
pace of Washington, D.C. His other
hobbies include photography. He does
his own darkroom work and is an active
member of the Chapel Hill Camera
Club. Gene also tutors middle school
students in math, giving them personal
attention and one-on-one guidance.
Gene was born and reared in
Roanoke, Va., and attended school at
Virginia Polytechnical Institute, where
he received a B.S. in Chemical Engi-
neering. He has three grown children
and one grandchild.
TECHNOTEBOOK
(continued from page 6)
ers involved have DOS version 5.0, is to
transport HAP-PRO by using the DOS
command "BACKUP" and then use the
DOS command "RESTORE". The easi-
est way is to use the BACKUP com-
mand on the 1.7MB compressed HAP-
PRO file (or any file in the form
filename.ZIP) you download from the
BBS. (You can use the decompressed
files too but you'll need a lot more dis-
kettes.) Checkyour DOS 5.0 documen-
tation for the exact format and use of
this command.
Finally, an individual called to say
that he was having trouble installing a
copy of HAP-PRO Version 1.0 which he
purchased from a commercial firm for
$50.00. We solved his installation prob-
lem and made him aware of the CTC
BBS on the TTN where anyone can get
(for free) the latest versions of all CTC
software. The list of CTC software now
includes the Surface Impoundment
Modeling System (SIMS), the Landfill
Air Emissions Estimation Model (Land-
fill), the Hazardous Air Pollutant Pro-
gram (HAP-PRO), and the Solvent Al-
ternatives GuidE (SAGE). All are avail-
able for download without cost (except
for the telephone call) from the CTC
BBS. The CTC BBS is available via the
OAQPS TTN 24 hours a day (except
Monday from 8 - 12 A.M.). See CTC
BBS on back page for more information.
(PS - Remember to download the user's
manuals for the software, too. Most of
your installation and use questions will
be answered in there!)
CTC News page 7
-------
Control Technology Center NEWS
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The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no cost,
technical assistance service for all State and local
(S/l) air pollution control agency and EPA Regional
Office staffs. For others, some services may be on
a cost reimbursable basis. The CTC offers quick
access to EPAexpertsandexpertise viatheCTC
HOTLINE and the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-depth
technical support through source specific Engi-
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nical Guidance Projects. The CTC is operated by
the Airand Energy Engineering Research Labora-
tory, Office of Research and Development, and the
Information and Program Integration Division, Of-
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search Triangle Park, North Carolina.
If you have any air pollution emission or con-
trol questions, or would like more information about
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available, CALLTHECTC HOTLINE!
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Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify that
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CTC HOTLINE: CALL (919) 541 -OSOOto access EPAexpertstaffforconsultations.referencesto pertinent
literature, oraccess to EPAtechnical data and analyses. Noquestionis too simple! Our Fax numbers are
(919) 541-02 42 or(919) 541-0361.
ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PROJECTS: If you need in-depth assistance concerning a specific
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TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS: If the CTC receivesanumberof similar HOTLINE callsora joint
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of national or regional interest. The result may be a control technology document for a particular type of
source, microcomputer software, or seminars and workshops.
CTC BBS: Call (919) 541-5742 for up to 14400 baud modem to access the CTC Bulletin Board. Set
communications parameters to 8 data bits, N parity, and 1 stop bit, and use a terminal emulation of VT100,
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FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (FSBAP): Callthe CTC HOTLINE to access
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