United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA 456/N-97-001
January 1997
«»Efir\ Control Technology Center
N E W S
Volume 9, No. 1
A JOINT EPA / STAPPA / ALAPCO PROJECT
January 1997
FRACTIONAL
PENETRATION OF
PAINT OVERSPRAY
ARRESTORS
MEASURED BYAPPCD
By Charles Darvin, NRMRL/APPCD
and Lyndon Cox, NRMRL/APPCD
Paint overspray arrestors are "air
cleaners" that remove most paint
overspray droplets from the air ex-
hausted from a paint spray booth. They
can be designed as fibrous filters, as
separators, or as a combination of both.
When paint is sprayed, 10-50% of
the paint sprayed becomes droplets
that are carried away by airflow. These
droplets are defined as overspray.
Spray booth operators use a paint
overspray arrestor to collectthese drop-
lets. An arrestor may collect 90% or
more of the mass of the overspray drop-
lets from the air stream. The remaining
droplets pass through (penetrate) the
arrestor and are discharged to the envi-
ronment.
In 1995, the City of Philadelphia
requested thatthe CTC conduct a study
to determine whether paint droplets de-
posited on rooftops down-
wind of some spray
booths were caused by a)
inefficient paint overspray
arrestors, b) poor mainte-
nance of paint overspray
arrestors, ore) some other
cause.
Manufacturers of ar-
restors typically advertise
the efficiency of their sys-
tems based on the per-
centage of paint aerosol
by weight that the arrestor
system captures (or col-
lects, or arrests). This
value, however, does not
define the characteristics
of droplets that penetrate Figure 1. Su
the arrestor.Therefore,
the research done by the
CTC concentrated on determining the
fractional penetration of aerosol drop-
lets, i.e., the percentage of droplets in
each aerosol droplet diameter range
that penetrate the arrestors.
The small droplet sizes comprise
<—•
mmary of Clean Fractional Penetration
(continued page 2)
A I R W A V E S
By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-Chair, OAQPS
All of us here at the CTC hope that all of you have had a
pleasant holiday season and wish you a happy, healthy and
prosperous new year.
By now you probably are well into meeting (or deleting)
your New Year's resolutions and loosing those extra pounds
we tend to put on during the holidays. We at the CTC have
resolved to figure out what our new mission is given our
reduced resources and changes in your need for information
and how you access it. To survive in some form, the CTC
needs to focus on those activities that best serve you and shed
those that have become ineffective or inefficient. It's my guess
that the CTC and the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
(RBLC) will evolve into a new and more focused technology
transfer activity in FY97. Given the dramatic drop in HOT-
LINE calls and requests for CTC products in FY96 (no funds
= very limited directtechnical assistance and no new products
= reduced requests), significant cuts in these areas are likely.
(NOTE: See the table for a comparison of FY95/FY96 CTC
performance.) A more compact, electronic information trans-
fer (bulletin board system(BBS)/World Wide Web (WWW))
Home Page, pollution prevention/control clean air technology
information transfer center is likely to emerge from remnants
of the CTC and RBLC. If you have an opinion about the CTC,
RBLC, or any of the related services the CTC offers, now is
the time to speak up. We prefer that you send your thoughts
through the CTC BBS or WWW Home Page, E-Mail or FAX.
(See the back page for addresses and phone numbers).
The CTC did manage to complete a couple of old projects
(continued page 2)
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AIRWAVES
(continued from page 1)
dealing with emissions from open burn-
ing land clearing debris (page 3) andthe
effectiveness of paint spray booth fil-
ters/baffles (lead article). The first four
chapters of the revised OAQPS Control
Cost Manual are also on the CTC BBS/
WWWand we hope to have the remain-
ing chapters available in February '97.
When completed, this will be a new fifth
edition of the OAQPS Control Cost
Manual with updated cost information
and some minor text changes. Once
the electronic version is ready, a new
hard copy fifth edition will be issued.
I'm not absolutely sure, but there is
a good chance that this may be the last
edition of the CTC NEWS. With limited
resources and less or no new products
to tell you about, the reasons for pub-
lishing the NEWS have all but evapo-
rated. If we don't publish the NEWS in
this format again, we will mail a notice to
all CTC NEWS subscribers to inform
them about that decision and any in- future is made, but please be patient.
terim or final decision on the CTC's
future. You can also keep in touch
through the CTC BBS/WWW. We will
do our best to maintain all existing CTC
services until a decision on the CTC's
There is a lot less to work with now.
It has been a pleasure serving you.
Enjoy this edition of the NEWS and have
a good year.
ACCESS TO CTC SERVICES
Fourth Quarter FY96
Total YTD Total YTD
FY96
Hotline:
Govt. Agencies 1002 571
Non-Govt. 2659 1806
Total Hotline Calls 3681 2377
Requests/CTC Products 10078 1511
CTC BBS 12327 13952
RBLC 16574 12559
Total Access 42660 30699
FSBAP BBS (New Service) 0 3753
Total Accesses 42660 34452
Change for
FY95
- 44%
- 32%
- 35%
- 85%
+13%
- 22%
- 28%
NA
NA
PAINT
(continued from page 1)
onlyasmall part of the total massenter-
ing the arrestor since the mass of a
droplet varies as the cube of its diam-
eter. Thus, their passage was not
readily detected when filtration effi-
ciency was defined by weight. All five of
the arrestors tested captured above
90% of weight of the paint droplets. As
shown in Figures 1 & 2, the small drop-
lets (<3 urn) tended to penetrate the
arrestor much more readily than the
largerdroplets (>8u.m). Between 3and
8 urn droplet diameters, the fractional
penetration of different arrestorswasin
transition through the cutoff diameter
(50% fractional penetration) forthe vari-
ous arrestors. The small difference
between the figures results from a small
loading of the arrestor with high solids
baking enamel.
It was found that the paper mesh
and the polyester bag types of arrestors
exhibited the greatest efficiencies when
tested over the droplet size range of 0.3
to 10 urn. Surprisingly, the pressure
drop in the arrestor had
no correlation with the
fractional penetration.
All of the arrestors tested
indicated little capture of
droplets of less than 3
mm diameter.
The report, "Frac-
tional Penetration of
Paint Overspray Arres-
tors" is available to gov-
ernment agencies
through the CTC." Also,
it is being made available
to the public through the
National Technical Infor-
mation Service (NTIS) at
(703) 487-4650. A
downloadable version
will be available on the
CTC BBS/WWW by
March 1997. You may
contact Charles H.
Darvin, the EPA Project
Officer, at (919) 541-
7633 or by e-mail at
cdarvin@engineer.aeerl.
epa.gov. ^
Figure 2. Summary of Loaded
Fractional Penetration
CTCNewspage 2
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MACT, CTG, NSPS,ACTAND TITLE I RULE SCHEDULES*
MACT STANDARD
Asbestos Litigation
Ferroalloys
Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Gasoline Distribution
Haz. Waste Inc.
Mineral Wool
Off-site Waste & Recovery
Oil & Gas Production
Pharmaceutical Production
Polymers & Resins I
Polymers & Resins III
Polymers & Resins IV
Portland Cement
Primary Aluminum Prod.
Primary Copper Smelting
Printing/Publishing
Pulp & Paper (combustion)
Pulp & Paper (non-comb.)
Secondary Aluminum Prod.
Steel Pickling-HC1 Process
Wool Fiberglass Mfg.
CTG ****
Aerospace Coati ngs
Industrial Wastewater
Shipbuilding (coating)
Offset Lithography
Plastic Parts Coating
VOL Storage
Wood Furniture Coating
Proposal
•10/8/96
•12/29/93
*12/6/94
•11/93
•12/93
•9/7/95
Final
•6/15/94
3/98
9/97
1/97
4/97
12/97
•7/1/96
9/97
4/98
•9/12/96
11/97
•8/29/96
1/98
9/97
11/97
•5/17/96
8/97
5/97
11/97
12/97
2/98
Final
4/97
•8/27/96
5/00
ACT
Proposal
Final
Plywood/Particle Board (PM10)
Asbestos Processing Delisting
NSPS
Cold Cleaning
DegreaserNSPS
Elec. Utility Gen. Rev. (NOx)
Med. Waste Inc. NSPS & lll(d)
NOx NSPS Revision (407(c))
SOCMI Sec. Sources Suppl.
Starch Mfg. Industry NSPS
Schedule Under Dev.
•1/24/95 '11/30/95
Proposal
Withdrew
•8/31/94
•5/30/94
•2/27/95
•11/31/95
•10/11/95
•8/31/94
Final
*10/18/96
on Hold
7/97
•6/17/96
7/97
12/97
on Hold
Other Rules Proposal Final
Arch./Ind. Coatings ('183e) *6/25/96 1/98
AutoRefinishing('183e) '4/30/96 4/97
Household Consumer Products "3/26/96 3/97
Haz. Waste TSDF, Phase II
(RCRA) '7/22/91 '12/6/94
Haz. Waste TSDF Phase III
(RCRA) Schedule under revision
NOTE:
* Indicates date completed.
" All schedules are tentative and subject to change without
notice. Only those rules with proposal or promulgation dates
within one year are included. Completed rules are removed
from list after six months.
'"Schedule to be determined by litigation/negotiation
""ACT's were issued for most CTG categories in April 1995
'""Final CTG cancelled or no plans to finalize.
LAND CLEARING
DEBRIS COMBUSTION
STUDY COMPLETED
By Dr. Paul Lemieux
NRMRL/APPCD
Acurex Environmental recently
completed a small-scale study for the
CTC to evaluate the emissions from
open burning of land clearing debris.
Two different samples of debris, one
from Florida and one from Tennessee,
were combusted in the EPA's Open
Burning Test Facility located in Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Some tests
were run using a forced air fan to simu-
late a crude trench burning air curtain
incineration system.
Several gas-phase measurements
were made: fixed
combustion gases
such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, car-
bon monoxide, nitric
oxide, and total hy-
drocarbon; particu-
late matter including
PM10andPM25; and
trace air toxics, including volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs) and semi-
volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).
Results from the particulate testing
showed thata majority of the parti culate
matter had diameters of <2.5 mm,
which is of concern from a respirability
standpoint. VOC and SVOC results
report emission factors for many of
those compounds. Comparison be-
tween emissions with and with-
out the simulated trench burner
does not show any significant
improvement in total emissions,
although burn times were short-
ened by the addition of theforced
air.
The report, EPA-600/R-96-128
entitled "Evaluation Of Emis-
sions from the Open Burning of Land-
Clearing Debris" is available from the
CTC and on the OAQPS Technology
Transfer Network. For additional infor-
mation, please contact Dr. Paul
Lemieux at 919-541-0962.
CTCNewspage 3
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WANTED:
SOFTWARE REVIEWS
FORTHEAIR
COMPLIANCE ADVISOR
(ACA) SOFTWARE
PROGRAM
By Dan Maloney
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
The Air Compliance Advisor (ACA)
is a software package designed to ad-
dress air pollution compliance manage-
ment issues. The ACAcanestimatethe
cost and applicability of control devices
and estimate the cost of ancillary con-
trol equipment, estimate emission
rates, and provide guidance with the
applicability of federal regulations.
In order to optimize the usefulness
of the ACA, beta testers are needed to
review the software and provide feed-
back. While the ACA is designed to be
user-friendly, it is not a simple piece of
software. The ACA considers a wide
range of issues related to the develop-
ment of air pollution compliance strate-
gies, and a thorough review of the ACA
will require 2-3 days to complete. Re-
sponses obtained during the review
period will be used to plan the produc-
tion version of the ACA. Any and all
comments will be useful in this en-
deavor.
The current version of the ACA
(beta test version 5.3) is available
through the EPA's Control Technology
Center (CTC) electronic bulletin board,
and through the world wide web
(WWW) at http://quattro.me.uiuc.edu/
-acad/. Those interested in reviewing
the software should contact Dan
Maloney at:
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
1206 West Green Street
Urbana, IL 61801
email: dan@solace.me.uiuc.edu
phone: 217-244-6808
fax: 217-244-4416
Completed reviews should be received
by February 28,1997.
The ACA is part of an on-going
project at Argonne National Laboratory.
Development of the ACA is sponsored
by the US Army Corps of Engineers
Construction Engineering Research
Laboratory (USACERL), the US Air
Force Environics Directorate of
Armstrong Laboratory (AL/EQS), the
Strategic Environmental Research and
Development Program (SERDP), the
US Army Center for Public Works
(CPW), and the US Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA). Thank you, and
we look forward to your participation.
ENGINEERING
SOLUTIONS TO INDOOR
AIR QUALITY
PROBLEMS
By Kelly W. Leovic
NRMRL/APPCD
The second biennial Engineering
Solutions to Indoor Air Quality Problems
Symposium, an international sympo-
sium cosponsored by the Air & Waste
Management Association and EPA's
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, will be held July 21-23,
1997, atthe Sheraton Imperial Hotel and
Conference Center in Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Papers are invited on
the following topics:
• Managing the Risk of Indoor Air
Pollution
• Indoor Air Source Characterization
Methods
• Indoor Air Source Management
• Low Emitting/Low Impact Materials
• Development (Pollution Preven-
tion)
• Biocontaminant Prevention and
Control
• Indoor Air Cleaning Methods
• Ventilation for Indoor Air Quality
• HVAC Systems as Sources of
Indoor Air Pollution
• Air Duct Cleaning
• Particles in Indoor Air
• Indoor Air Quality Modeling
• Costs of Managing Indoor Air
Quality
The two-and-a-half-day sympo-
sium will consist of one general session
so that participants will be able to at-
tend all sessions. A poster session,
continuing education courses, and an
exhibition of related products and ser-
vices are also planned.
For further information contact:
Kelly W. Leovic, U.S. EPA, MD-54,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
Telephone (919) 541 -7717; Fax (919)
541-2157.
CTCNewspage 4
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RBLCMOVES ONTO THE
IN FORM A TION HIGHWA Y
By Jo Ann Kerrick,
INDUSCorpo ration
Anyone who gets information elec-
tronically can only be amazed by the
growth of the Internet and the World
WideWeb(VWVW). It seems like every-
where you look, organizations are
trumpeting the nifty graphics and up-to-
the-minute content of their Web sites.
While we may not have animated car-
toons zipping across our Web page, the
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
(RBLC) has been working diligently to
streamline Internet access to our site on
the Technology Transfer Network
(TTN)Web. The RBLC Web page lets
users access most of the information
from the TTN with the "point and
click' ease of a Web browser in-
stead of the character-based
menu of the TTN bulletin board
system (BBS).
We've recently enhanced the
RBLC road map, one of our most popu-
lar selections, to make better use of the
Web's ability to link one piece of infor-
mation with other related topics. Lookat
the RBLC road map to learn about the
general capabilities offered on-line on
the RBLC. The short topic list should
quickly point you to areas you are inter-
ested in. If you are accessing the road
map from our Web page, you can use
your browser to follow links from one
subject area to another. We hope this
update helps both new and long-time
users learn about and use the full func-
tionality of the RBLC.
Searching the RBLC on the Web is
a little more complicated than just click-
ing on a link in your browser. The
searches are actually performed on the
BBS. You need a Telnet application
installed on your PC, and you need to
configure your Web browser to use it.
(You can download a Telnet application
from various sitesonthe Internet.) After
you've set up both Telnet and your
browser, getting to the searchable
RBLC database is easy. The informa-
tion screen that appears when you se-
lect to search the RBLC from our Web
page explains everything. After you
successfully Telnet to the TTN BBS,
your session looks just like any other
BBS session. You'll log inwithyouruser
ID and password or select one if you are
a first time user. Then, access the 11st of
Technical Areas and choose the RBLC
BBS. From the RBLC BBS, choose
to search the database. Choose < T>to
search the regulations database for
summaries of Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (M ACT) standards
and other rules enacted in support of the
RBLC
Clean Air Act.
When you are searching on the
RBLC and wantto save your results in a
file on your local PC, be sure to select
for the Internet download option.
When you use the Internet download
option, the system saves your download
report in a file on the FTP server. It does
not automatically invoke the BBS down-
load function. Perform as many
searches as you like; choose any num-
ber of download formats. The system
tells you when it has successfully cre-
ated each file. Be sure to make a note
of the file names you create. When you
have finished searching, quitthe search
program, exitfromthe BBS and return to
the RBLC Web page. Then from the
RBLCWeb page, select FTP files from
RBLC User Generated file areato
transfer your search results. Be sure to
retrieve your files fairly soon after you
create them because all download files
are erased each Monday morning.
One of our primary goals for 1997 is
to enhancethe RBLC so that it is directly
searchable from the RBLC Web page.
The graphical environment of the
(WWW) should allow us to simplify the
search procedure. Users would select
from drop-down lists of searchable
properties and fill in text boxes with the
valuetheyaretryingtomatch. Thistype
of interface will be familiar to anyone
who has used a search engine to find
information on the Web. Similarly,
search results would be viewable from
your Web browser. Our objective is to
maintain the search and reporting
functionality of the current RBLC as we
make this transition. Stay tuned on-line
for more details as this project moves
forward.
Control Technology Center NEWS
The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication
of the U.S. EPA's Control Technology Center
(CTC). The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no
cost, technical assistance service for all State
and local (S/l) air pollution control agency and
EPA Regional Office staffs. For others, some
services may be on a cost reimbursable basis.
The CTC offers quick access to EPA experts
and expertise via the CTC HOTLINE, CTC
World Wide Web Home Page and the CTC
Bulletin Board, and in-depth technical support
through source specific Engineering Assistance
Projects or more generic Technical Guidance
Projects. The CTC is operated by the Air
Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Na-
tional Risk Management Research Laboratory
and the Information Transfer and Program Inte-
gration Division, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards in ResearchTriangle Park, North
Carolina.
If you have any air pollution emission or
control questions orwould like more information
about the CTC and the types of technical assis-
tance available, CALL THE CTC HOTLINE!
(919)541-0800
Publication of the CTC NEWS does not sig-
nify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. EPA, nor does the
mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
CTCNewspage 5
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CTC ASSISTANCE
No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies, EPA Regional Offices, and others on air pollution control technology issues.
CTC HOTLINE CALL (919) 541-0800 to access EPA expert staff for consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to EPA technical data and
analyses. Noquestionistoosimple!
CTC FAX: You can send arequestforanyCTCservicelisted hereby FAX. OurFaxnumbersare: (919)541-0242or(919)541-0361.
CTC BBS: Call (919) 541-5742forup to 14400baud modem to accessthe CTC Bulletin Board. Set communicationsparametersto 8 databits,N parity, and
1 stop bit, and useaterminal emulation of VT100 orVT/ANSI. You may leave HOTLINE requests, order documents, suggest projects, and download documents
and software. The BBS is part of the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN). In addition, the TTN may be accessed via the Internet at
'ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov' orthrough the EPA Home Page on the World Wide Web. TheTTN also has an FTP sitefor downloading filesat 'ttnftp.rtpnc.epa.gov'.
FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (FSBAPJThe FSBAP is availablethrough the SBAP BBS on the TTN (see CTC BBS for
connection information), or the CTC HOTLINE or FAX. The FSBAP provides supportto State Small Business Assistance Programs.
US-MEXICOINFORMATIONCENTERON AIR POLLUTION (CICACenfrade/nformac/6nsoJbreConfam/nac/6nde^/r^: CalltheCICAInformation
line(919)541-1800 (Spanish )orthe CTC HOTLINE (English) to access technical support and assistancein evaluating airpollutionproblemsalong the Mexico-
US Border.
INTERNET/WORLD-WIDEWEB ACCESS Send E-Mail to'blaszczak.bob@ep am ail.epa.gov'. In addition, you may access ourservices through the following
sites:
ForCTC-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/ctcy
ForFSBAP-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/sbap/'
For CICA-'http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/cica/'
RACT/BACT/LAERCLEARINGHOUSE(RBLC):TheRBLCdatabaseisavailableontheOAQPS TTN BBSfseeCTCBBSforconnecti on information (.The
Clearinghouse provides summary information on control technology and pollution prevention (P2)determinationsmadeby permitting agencies, and on EPA
emission standards and control techniques guidelines.
ENGINEERINGASSISTANCEPROJECTS If you need in-depth assistanceconcemingaspecificcontrol technology orpollution prevention problem, contact
the CTC. EPAstaff and contractoreareavailablefor short-term projectssuchasreview of proposed orexisting control orprevention measures. Projectsare
subjectto CTC Steering Committee approval.
TECHNICALGUIDANCE PROJECTS The CTCmay also respond to a numberofsimilarrequests on issues of national or regional interest by undertak-
ing broad, long-term projects. The result may be a control technology document, PC software, seminar, orworkshop.
INTERNATIONALTECHNOLOGYTRANSFERCENTERFOR GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES (ITTCGGGjCalltheCTCHOTLINEtoaccess
ITTCGGG information on greenhousegasemissions, prevent!on, mitigation, and control strategies.
MAIL: Address conventional mail inquiries to: CTC(MD-12), U.S. EPA, RTF, NC27711.
&ER&
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
CTC, ITPID, OAQPS (MD-12)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Official Business
Penalty For Private Use,
$300
An EqualOpportunity Employer
CTCNewspage 6
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