&EFK United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-87-006 Environmental Protection Radiation Facility June 1987 Agency 1890 Federal Drive Office of Radiation Programs Montgomery, AL 36109 Radiation Environmental Radiation Data: Report 47 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA REPORT 47 July - September 1986 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Radiation Programs ------- Preface Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterlyby the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary information on natural background levels and on releases into the environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors, fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants. The radiochemical procedures used by the EERF in processing the ERAMS samples are contained in Eastern Envi ronmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual (EPA 520/5-84-006). ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA CONTENTS DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures - Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels DATA - ERAMS SECTION I. Air Program 1 Airborne Particulates and Precipitation 2. Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitaton 3. Krypton-85 SECTION II. Water Program 1. Surface Water 2. Drinking Water SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program Page vii ix 1 1 17 21 22 22 25 32 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program 34 1. Pasteurized Milk 34 2. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 34 3. Carbon-14 in Milk 43 VI ------- DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures In 1973, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs, established the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System(ERAMS) to provide continuous, accurate, and usable environmental radiation data to the public. For completeness, ERAMS data for all specific radionuclide analyses are reported as the calculated results indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero, or positive. Reporting Rationale Frequently, concentrations of radionuclides in environmental media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in environmental data. When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values. Obviously, a negative activity value has no physical significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken together with other observations which indicate that the true value of a distribution is near zero. When an average of many measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a negative bias in the measurement procedure. (1) Reported Values Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number is negative, zero, or positive. All reported values are corrected for decay to the collection date. Potassium concentrations are determined by specific activity analyses. Gross Analyses - The actual value of gross radioactivity measurementswill be reported, unless the value is below the vn ------- minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level, then < minimum detectable level will be reported. MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A tabulation of typical MDL's is given in the following table. (2) Reported Error Terms Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%) confidence interval. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest contributor to overall error. (3) Significant Figures No more than three significant figures will be reported. If a datum contains more than three figures, it will be rounded off to three figures. (4) Reporting Levels The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in Table 1. Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in averaging. (5) Averages Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual data including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not be included in ERD quarterly reports. VT 1 1 ------- TABLE 1 ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels for Radionuclide Analyses Radionuclide Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium Carbon-14 Krypton-85 Plutonium-238 , 239 Uranium-234, 235,238 Radium-226 Reporting Media Units Water Air Water Precipitation Water Milk Milk Ambient Air Air Milk Water Air Milk Water Water pCi/1 pCi/m3 pCi/1 nCi/m2 nCi/1 nCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/m3 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 aCi/m3 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments .1 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2 .1 nCi/1 .1 nCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/m3 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 aCi/m3 .001 pCi/1 .001 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 2 pCi/1 .01 pCi/m3 1 pCi/1 .01 nCi/m2(a) .2 nCi/1 .2 nCi/1 15 pCi/1 2 pCi/m3 .015 PCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 PCi(b) per sample .015 pCi per sample .015 pCi per sample .1 pCi/1 IX ------- Radionuclide Strontium-90 Strontium-89 Iodine-131 Iodine-129 Cesium-137 Barium-140 Potassium Potassium-40 Media Milk Water Milk Milk Water Water ( specific Milk Milk Water Milk Water Milk Water Water Reporting Units pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 radiochemical fCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 pCi/1 9/1 9/1 pCi/1 Reporting Increments .1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 pCi/1 analysis) .1 fCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 1 pCi/1 .1 g/1 .1 g/1 1 pCi/1 Minimum Detectable Levels 1 PCi/l 1 pCi/1 5 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) .4 pCi/1 .4 fCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/1 10 pCi/l(c) 10 pCi/l(c) .12 g/1 .12 g/1 100 pCi/1 (a) The value in terms of nCi/m , would be dependent on precipitation (mm) (b) This value in terms of pCi/m would be dependent on the air volume. (c) Activity as of the day of counting. ------- DATA - EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS) SECTION I. Air Program Airborne Participates and Precipitation Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation. Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are located throughout the United States. Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter * at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found. The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/m3. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to the decay of naturally occuring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements. Precipitation samples are collected at these field stations collecting air filters. These samples are also sent to EERF where they are composited monthly for gamma scans, tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are performed on samples which exceed 2 pCi/liter gross alpha. * The counts at five hours for the Montgomery, Alabama station are performed on a low background beta counter. ------- Tables 2-4 contain the data in airborne particulate samples for July - September 1986. Tables 5-7 contain the data in precipitation samples for July - September 1986. Data for the tritium in precipitation samples for July - September 1986 at the selected stations are shown in Table 8. A compilation of individual measurements is available from the EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36109. ------- TABLE 2 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JULY 1986 LOCATION AL:ASHFORD AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY IDiBOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA KY:FRANKFORT LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE ME .-AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE EERF LAB MEASUREMENT # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m ) 3 8 9 9 8 9 9 10 9 10 8 4 8 9 8 8 9 6 9 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 2 9 9 6 9 5 8 9 4 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 9 0 9 0 3 9 2 4 1 0 1 2 9 1 0 7 8 1 8 1 3 2 4 4 8 4 1 0 3 3 5 3 2 1 4 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .3 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 .4 .3 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .2 .2 .0 .2 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .5 .4 .8 .0 .1 .6 .1 .2 .1 .0 .1 .1 .4 .1 .0 .2 .4 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .4 .3 .1 .5 .8 .1 .7 .2 .1 .1 .2 .3 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .02 .03 .03 .01 .02 .01 .02 .02 .01 .01 .02 .01 .05 .02 .01 .02 .02 .02 .05 .01 .01 .01 .03 .02 .04 .03 .02 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .03 .01 .02 .02 .01 (pCi/m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 3) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 2 (CONTINUED' AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION JULY 1986 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE EERF LAB MEASUREMENT LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG 9 9 9 9 7 9 9 9 7 9 8 2 8 9 7 9 8 9 6 3 8 9 9 9 5 M T n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 n IT ( .1 .5 .8 .9 .9 .0 .9 .5 .0 .9 .3 .0 .4 .6 .8 .3 .3 .9 .7 .1 .1 .4 .1 .6 .7 f\n pCi/m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O T .0 .0 .1 .1 .3 .0 .1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .3 .0 .0 .2 .2 .1 .2 TTT f*\ 3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T7» (pCi/m .0 .2 .3 .4 .6 .0 .5 .2 .0 .4 .1 .0 .3 .4 .3 .6 .2 .5 .9 .0 .0 .3 .5 .3 .4 c« m T » 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K n m .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .01 ,10 .01 .03 .02 .01 -01 .03 .01 .02 .05 .02 .03 .02 .02 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 rr> r» 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 1 _ 3i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .02 .01 .02 .02 .01 .01 .02 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 , 3 NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:GOLDSBORO PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH PA:THREE MILE ISL RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH WA:OLYMPIA WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT .1 pCi/ltU .01 pCi/m ------- TABLE 3 AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION AUGUST 1986 LOCATION ALrASHFORD 3 AL:MONTGOMERY 9 ARrLITTLE ROCK 8 AZ: PHOENIX 7 CA:BERKELEY 9 CA:LOS ANGELES 9 CO:DENVER 8 CT:HARTFORD 8 DE:WILMINGTON 9 FL:JACKSONVILLE 8 FLrMIAMI 9 GA:ATLANTA 4 HI:HONOLULU 9 IA:IOWA CITY 8 ID:BOISE 9 ID:IDAHO FALLS 9 IL:CHICAGO 8 IN:INDIANAPOLIS 9 KS:TOPEKA 8 KY:FRANKFORT 8 LA:NEW ORLEANS 7 MA:LAWRENCE 8 ME:AUGUSTA 8 MI:LANSING 8 MN:MINNEAPOLIS 8 MO:JEFFERSON CITY 6 MS:JACKSON 9 NC:CHARLOTTE 9 NC:WILMINGTON 7 ND:BISMARCK 9 NE:LINCOLN 1 NH:CONCORD 9 NJ:TRENTON 8 NJ:WILMINGTON 1 NM:SANTA FE 8 NV:LAS VEGAS 8 NY:ALBANY 3 NY:NEW YORK CITY 9 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE EERF LAB MEASUREMENT # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m 0 1 •1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .8 .0 .6 .0 .3 .0 .2 .4 .1 .0 .0 .1 .6 .4 .0 .6 .8 .0 .3 .2 .3 .3 .8 .4 .0 .9 .6 .3 .2 .0 .2 .0 .0 .6 .3 .1 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .3 .2 .0 .0 .1 .5 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .3 .4 .5 .0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .8 .3 .1 .0 .4 .0 .1 .1 .0 .2 .1 .0 .1 3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (pCi/m .0 .8 .5 .3 .0 .2 .8 .1 .2 .1 .0 .0 .1 .3 .2 .0 .2 .6 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .6 .2 .1 .8 .0 .1 .4 .0 .4 .2 .0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .02 .04 .02 .01 .02 .02 .01 .02 .01 .01 .02 .01 .02 .03 .01 .02 .02 .03 .02 .02 .01 .01 .02 .01 .06 .04 .02 .01 .03 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 .01 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .02 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .04 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .01 ------- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) LOCATION NY:SYRACUSE NYrYAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK-.OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:GOLDSBORO PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH PA:THREE MILE ISL RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:OLYMPIA WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION AUGUST 1986 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE # SAM MAX MIN AVG pCi/ni ) EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG (pCi/m3) 2 8 8 9 7 7 9 8 8 9 8 9 2 9 9 7 8 9 5 7 9 8 8 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .1 .2 .5 .3 .6 .1 .0 .6 .3 .0 .5 .2 .2 .5 .6 .4 .1 .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .8 .5 .7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 .0 .1 .0 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .0 .2 .1 .1 .1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 1 3 2 4 6 0 3 2 0 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 3 3 6 1 3 4 3 4 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 01 01 02 03 03 02 01 02 01 02 01 01 01 02 09 02 05 03 02 04 01 05 01 01 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .02 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .02 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m, MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/m ------- TABLE 4 LOCATION AL:ASHFORD AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DErWILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FLrMIAMI GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA KY:FRANKFORT LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION SEPTEMBER 1986 # SAM 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE EERF LAB MEASUREMENT MAX MIN AVG 1 11 12 6 11 11 9 9 10 7 10 4 7 9 8 10 11 7 11 11 6 9 8 9 12 10 10 10 10 10 6 10 9 9 9 5 11 12 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 < .0 .9 .0 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .4 .1 .0 .0 .3 .1 .8 .0 .7 .7 .0 .5 .1 .3 .5 .8 .5 .4 .9 .5 .1 .7 .0 .3 .8 .5 .3 .1 .4 .5 pCi 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. /m 0 2 3 2 0 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 3 4 4 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 ) (pCi/m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .7 .5 .9 .0 .1 .8 .2 .2 .1 .0 .0 .2 .4 .2 .0 .4 .4 .1 .8 .1 .2 .2 .3 .2 .6 .5 .3 .1 .4 .6 .2 .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 01 01 06 02 01 02 03 01 01 01 01 02 02 03 01 01 02 02 05 02 01 02 01 02 02 05 07 04 01 01 02 02 01 01 04 01 02 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .00 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .00 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 3) 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 ------- TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) AIRBORNE PARTICULATES GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION SEPTEMBER 1986 5-HR FIELD ESTIMATE EERF LAB MEASUREMENT LOCATION # SAM MAX MIN AVG MAX MIN AVG NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:GOLDSBORO PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH PA:THREE MILE ISL RI:PROVIDENCE SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:OLYMPIA WA:SPOKANE WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE (pCi/m ) 5 8 9 9 8 6 9 11 9 10 9 10 10 9 7 10 9 9 7 10 10 10 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 .2 .1 .4 .4 .6 .8 .0 .7 .4 .2 .8 .6 .7 .4 .6 .3 .3 .7 .4 .2 .4 .0 .4 .8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .2 .3 .0 .2 .1 .2 .3 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .0 .2 .0 .2 .1 .1 .4 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 0 2 2 4 5 0 5 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 6 1 3 4 3 6 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 01 01 02 01 03 01 01 02 01 02 01 01 04 03 02 05 02 03 02 02 01 02 02 01 (pCi/m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .00 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .01 .02 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT .1 pCi/nu .01 pCi/m o o ------- TABLE 5 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION JULY 1986 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS LA:NEW ORLEANS ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:MIDDLETOWN PA'.PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL DEPTH ( mm) 72 25 1 120 73 118 113 30 10 87 58 112 42 52 99 95 56 48 146 112 100 18 1 77 53 100 34 99 47 104 31 121 152 138 131 35 .4 .6 .2 .0 .0 .5 .0 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .6 .8 .0 .0 .7 .0 .2 .0 .8 .2 .0 .2 .8 .0 .5 .0 .0 .8 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ACT. + 2s (nCi/m ) .28 .09 .01 .30 .43 .40 .06 .14 .17 .07 .06 .08 .26 .07 .06 .08 .20 .07 .08 .45 .23 .01 .01 .14 .11 .16 .04 .25 .18 .10 .04 .44 .47 .27 .35 .08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .05 .02 .01 .07 .06 .07 .05 .02 .02 .04 .03 .05 .03 .02 .04 .04 .04 .03 .06 .08 .06 .01 .01 .04 .03 .05 .02 .06 .03 .05 .02 .08 .09 .07 .08 .02 ------- TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION JULY 1986 LOCATION SC:COLUMBIA TNrKNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VArVIRGINIA BEACH WA:OLYMPIA WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE DEPTH ( mm) ACT. + 2s (nCi/m2) 80 41 19 80 36 55 12 105 68 14 .0 .0 .4 .0 .0 .0 .8 .0 .6 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .26 .06 .04 .05 .41 .31 -01 .08 .11 .05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .05 .02 .01 .04 .04 .04 .01 .05 .04 .01 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 10 ------- TABLE 6 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION AUGUST 1986 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA ID:IDAHO IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS LA:NEW ORLEANS ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA PA:HARRISBURG PA:MIDDLETOWN PA PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE DEPTH ( mm 60. 85. 0. 71. 113. 187. 69. 48. 36. 86. 35. 123. 148. 80. 74. 16. 38. 159. 180. 46. 115. 78. 11. 28. 60. 71. 19. 140. 42. 60. 56. 39. 119. 110. 58. 103. ) 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 0 6 8 0 0 4 8 6 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 ACT. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (nCi/m .06 .14 .02 .29 .24 .25 .06 .14 .25 .09 .04 .21 .56 .09 .05 .01 .04 .19 .13 .08 .33 .08 .06 .08 .04 .05 .03 .41 .07 .09 .04 .06 .43 .24 .18 .30 + 2s 2) 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.07 11 ------- TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION AUGUST 1986 LOCATION SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SDrPIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL VA:LYNCHBURG WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE DEPTH (mm) 61.6 261.2 72.6 50.0 102.4 20.0 40.0 38.6 95.0 35.2 21.4 ACT. + 2s (nCi/m ) 0.04 0.70 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.33 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 12 ------- TABLE 7 GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CT:HARTFORD DErWILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS LA:NEW ORLEANS ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA PITTSBURGH DEPTH ( mm) 48.0 23.6 8.0 39.0 17.0 51.0 84.0 79.0 24.0 55.8 21.4 55.0 40.0 62.0 85.4 50.2 40.0 48.0 29.0 52.0 8.8 58.0 28.2 12.0 22.0 29.2 63.0 34.0 33.0 98.0 19.2 30.0 43.4 58.2 57.6 62.4 ACT. (nCi/m 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.21 0.08 0.01 0.10 0.05 0.36 1.70 0.08 0.07 0.20 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.12 + 2s 2) 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.15 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 13 ------- TABLE 7 (CONTINUED) GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION SC:COLUMBIA SDrPIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX:AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VArLYNCHBURG WArOLYMPIA WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE DEPTH (mm) 16.0 7.9 69.6 69.6 24.0 7.4 92.8 1.4 6.0 39.0 10.8 ACT. + 2s (nCi/m ) 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.13 0.13 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.01 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 14 ------- TABLE 8 PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI GA:ATLANTA ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS LA:NEW ORLEANS ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS:JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND JULY nCi/1 + 2s AUGUST nCi/1 + 2s SEPTEMBER nCi/1 + 2s 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. NS NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 ------- TABLE 8 (CONTINUED) PRECIPITATION TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION PA:HARRISBURG PA:MIDDLETOWN PA:PITTSBURGH RI:PROVIDENCE SCrBARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TNrKNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TXrAUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG VArVIRGINIA BEACH WA:OLYMPIA WI:MADISON WV:CHARLESTON WY:CHEYENNE JULY nCi/1 + 2s AUGUST nCi/1 + 2s SEPTEMBER nCi/1 + 2s 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. NS 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 2 1 3 6 5 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .1 .2 .5 .1 .2 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS NS 0 0 0 .3 ,2 .2 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 0. NS 0. NS NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. NS 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 NS = NO SAMPLE S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR ------- Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analyses of semi-annual composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating airborne particulate samplers. Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, -240, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation. The volume of air represented by the semi-annual composite ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 cubic meters. The plutonium and uranium results for the period January - June 1986 are shown in Table 9. Table 9.1 contains the results of plutonium and uranium analyses on selected precipitation composite samples for 1986. Those ERAMS stations that have the longest history of continuous collection were selected for these analyses. 17 ------- TABLE 9 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JANUARY - JUNE 1986 COMPOSITES LOCATION AL:ASHFORD AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DE:WILMINGTON FL:JACKSONVILLE FL:MIAMI HI:HONOLULU IA:IOWA CITY ID: BOISE' ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:TOPEKA ME:AUGUSTA MI:LANSING MN:MINNEAPOLIS MO:JEFFERSON CITY MS: JACKSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NM: SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:ALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE NY:YAPHANK OH:COLUMBUS OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:GOLDSBORO 238 Pu 239 Pu 234 !i/m3+ 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 •0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 .5 .4 .6 .9 .4 .9 .7 .8 .7 .2 .2 .2 .6 .5 .4 .4 .4 .5 .3 .1 .1 .7 .2 .4 .6 .2 .4 .2 .9 .1 .1 .9 .7 .1 .1 .2 .0 .6 .0 .1 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 1. 2. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 2. 2. 0. 2s 7 4 1 9 7 5 5 4 0 2 4 6 2 3 5 5 0 7 4 8 7 5 3 2 3 4 5 5 9 1 2 9 6 5 4 9 9 8 3 9 aCi/m + 2: 0 0 -0 0 0 4 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .5 .2 .2 .4 .5 .2 .2 .1 .3 .8 .3 .2 .7 .6 .1 .4 .9 .5 .1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .3 .9 .5 .1 .7 .9 .5 .2 .1 .1 .6 .1 .0 .5 .1 .0 .7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .4 .3 .8 .4 .4 .6 .3 .4 .6 .5 .3 .4 .8 .0 .2 .4 .1 .6 .2 .4 .4 .0 .2 .2 .7 .4 .3 .7 .7 .8 .5 .1 .6 .3 .4 .0 .4 .0 .4 .6 U 235. U 238 U aCi/m + 22 15 21 7 19 39 23 13 19 19 6 15 34 62 18 38 20 32 14 18 16 48 19 15 30 25 16 14 104 37 21 41 22 10 27 23 26 29 30 20 .9 .2 .3 .5 .4 .1 .0 .8 .8 .2 .8 .8 .7 .0 .7 .0 .2 .8 .6 .1 .2 .5 .6 .5 .2 .4 .1 .9 .5 .1 .4 .5 .3 .2 .5 .8 .2 .3 .5 .5 3 2 3 2 3 5 4 2 4 3 1 2 5 9 3 5 3 5 2 3 3 8 3 2 4 4 2 3 11 6 4 6 4 1 4 3 4 7 7 4 2s .4 .3 .4 .0 .4 .2 .4 .2 .3 .4 .5 .7 .0 .0 .4 .6 .5 .8 .7 .2 .2 .3 .1 .6 .7 .4 .7 .7 .9 .3 .9 .4 .2 .9 .7 .8 .2 .6 .0 .4 aCi/m + 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 -0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 .7 .2 .4 .1 .9 .5 .6 .8 .3 .6 .1 .2 .4 .8 .0 .0 .2 .9 .1 .2 .2 .3 .8 .9 .7 .7 .1 .8 .6 .5 .5 .7 .2 .8 .3 .5 .0 .0 .3 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 2s .4 .2 .5 .2 .6 .9 .9 .4 .9 .6 .2 .7 .9 .3 .7 .0 .7 .9 .2 .7 .8 .4 .5 .5 .9 .6 .3 .1 .1 .7 .4 .6 .9 .5 .2 .7 .8 .0 .1 .6 aCi/m + 20 12 24 7 23 39 18 13 19 17 6 11 24 60 19 33 21 32 12 17 18 41 16 11 28 27 15 17 69 27 21 43 22 10 27 26 26 27 32 19 .6 .9 .4 .2 .7 .9 .0 .0 .0 .1 .9 .5 .5 .1 .2 .9 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .2 .1 .7 .8 .9 .9 .5 .5 .5 .9 .5 .1 .3 .6 .2 .2 .1 .2 .5 3 2 3 1 3 5 3 2 4 3 1 2 4 8 3 5 3 5 2 3 3 7 2 2 4 4 2 4 8 5 4 6 4 1 4 4 4 6 7 4 2s .1 .1 .7 .9 .8 .3 .5 .1 .2 .1 .5 .2 .0 .7 .4 .2 .5 .5 .3 .1 .4 .4 .6 .1 .5 .5 .7 .1 .8 .1 .9 .7 .2 .9 .7 .0 .2 .9 .2 .1 18 ------- TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES JANUARY - JUNE 1986 COMPOSITES LOCATION PA-.HARRISBURG PA: PITTSBURGH PA:THREE MILE RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SD:PIERRE TN:KNOXVILLE TN:NASHVILLE TX: AUSTIN TX:EL PASO VA:LYNCHBURG WA:OLYMPIA WA: SPOKANE WI:MADISON ISL 238 Pu 239 Pu :i/m3+ 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 .2 .1 .0 .7 .4 .3 .2 .7 .2 .3 .7 .3 .7 .5 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 2s .6 .8 .9 .8 .7 .4 .7 .9 .6 .4 .7 .3 .4 .4 .8 aCi/m + 2i 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 .4 .3 .7 .2 .8 .6 .2 .4 .1 .1 .2 .3 .0 .8 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 .5 .9 .5 .3 .7 .5 .7 .5 .2 .2 .9 .3 .2 .0 .4 234 U 235, U 238 U aCi/m + 17 32 19 37 20 45 17 51 24 8 79 109 3 32 14 .7 .8 .6 .6 .4 .3 .1 .0 .3 .5 .1 .8 .9 .1 .4 3 5 3 7 3 6 3 8 4 1 13 12 1 7 2 2s .4 .6 .5 .0 .8 .6 .4 .4 .6 .3 .4 .6 .0 .4 .7 aCi/m + 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 2 1 .4 .4 .6 .4 .9 .4 .0 .4 .3 .4 .1 .1 .2 .1 .5 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2s .5 .0 .5 .1 .7 .8 .8 .0 .9 .3 .6 .5 .2 .7 .8 aCi/nf 15 30 18 20 22 41 19 25 24 9 70 16 3 26 14 .6 .3 .8 .1 .9 .9 .1 .9 .6 .2 .8 .6 .1 .6 .1 + 2 5 3 4 4 6 3 5 4 1 12 2 0 6 2 2s .6 .3 .4 .3 .1 .2 .6 .2 .6 .4 .4 .5 .8 .8 .6 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 19 ------- LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER FL:MIAMI ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO MN:MINNEAPOLIS ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE VA:LYNCHBURG TABLE 9.1 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES OF SELECTED PRECIPITATION COMPOSITE SAMPLES 1986 238Pu pCi/1 0.007 0.024 0.024 0.011 0.016 0.002 0.015 -.006 0.018 0.021 0.021 0.067 -.008 0.018 0.050 0.032 0.000 + 2s 0.022 0.030 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.018 0.045 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.044 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.032 0.023 239Pu pCi/1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0. -0. -0. 0. 0. -0. 0. 0. 0. -0. 0. 026 007 015 002 003 005 002 049 003 009 003 009 002 007 007 004 023 + 2s 0.022 0.012 0.014 0.005 0.005 0.013 0.005 0.038 0.006 0.010 0.006 0.026 0.025 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.017 234U pCi/1 0.031 0.133 0.088 0.062 0.064 0.018 0.052 0.074 0.038 0.047 0.064 0.024 0.047 0.052 0.069 0.038 0.097 + 2s 0.018 0.053 0.084 0.026 0.045 0.024 0.025 0.038 0.027 0.028 0.027 0.022 0.028 0.028 0.036 0.022 0.032 235u pCi/1 0. 0. 0. 0. -0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0. 0. 0. 001 000 016 016 001 004 009 014 003 013 005 008 009 007 004 031 013 + 2s 0.007 0.001 0.023 0.013 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.022 0.010 0.014 0.008 0.019 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.020 0.012 238u pCi/1 0.019 0.078 0.104 0.034 0.046 0.007 0.036 0.020 0.035 0.032 0.079 0.058 0.053 0.032 0.058 0.032 0.030 + 2s 0.014 0.036 0.063 0.021 0.026 0.010 0.019 0.024 0.020 0.021 0.026 0.031 0.026 0.022 0.033 0.023 0.018 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 20 ------- Krypton-85 Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8 years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel reprocessing, weapons tests, and research and defense related activities. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium. Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends. Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage. Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a liquid scintillation system. The last Kr-85 results were for 1976, 1977, and 1979. They were published in Environmental Radiation Data: Report 30. 21 ------- DATA - EPA ERAMS SECTION II. Water Program The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation's rivers, streams and drinking water supplies. Surface Water Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and weapons production activities. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine levels of gamma emitting radionuclides. Tritium concentrations for July - September 1986 are shown in Table 10. 22 ------- TABLE 10 SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION AL:DECATUR ALtGORDAN AL:SCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA: DIABLO CANYON CA:EUREKA CA:SAN ONOFRE CO:GREELEY CT:EAST HADDAM CT:WATERFORD FL:CRYSTAL RIVER FL:FT. PIERCE FL:HOMESTEAD IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BUHL IL:MORRIS IL:ZION KS:LEROY LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:PLYMOUTH MA:ROWE MDzCONOWINGO MD:LUSBY ME:WISCASSET MI:BRIDGMAN MI:CHARLEVOIX MI:MONROE MI:SO. HAVEN MN:RED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NC:CHARLOTTE NC:SOUTHPORT NE:RULO NJ:BAYSIDE NJ:OYSTER CREEK NV:BOULDER CITY NY:CHELSEA NY:OSSINING NY:OSWEGO SOURCE TENNESSEE RIVER CHATTAHOOCHEE R. TENNESSEE RIVER ARKANSAS RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN HUMBOLDT BAY PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH PLATTE RIVER CONNECTICUT RIVER LONG ISLAND SOUND GULF OF MEXICO ATLANTIC OCEAN BISCAYNE BAY CEDAR RIVER SNAKE RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN NEOSHO RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CAPE COD BAY DEERFIELD RIVER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER CHESAPEAKE BAY MONTSEWAY BAY LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE ERIE LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CATAWBA RIVER ATLANTIC OCEAN MISSOURI RIVER DELAWARE RIVER OYSTER CREEK COLORADO RIVER HUDSON RIVER HUDSON RIVER LAKE ONTARIO DATE COLLECTED 7/ 8/86 7/ 1/86 7/10/86 7/ 3/86 7/30/86 7/ 3/86 9/29/86 9/ 3/86 8/22/86 8/22/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 8/27/86 7/ 2/86 7/21/86 7/23/86 9/30/86 8/15/86 7/11/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 8/86 7/13/86 7/ 5/86 7/14/86 7/13/86 7/ 1/86 7/22/86 7/ 7/86 7/16/86 7/16/86 7/22/86 8/ 7/86 9/ 3/86 7/30/86 7/ 8/86 7/30/86 nCi/1 0, 0. 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 9.4 * 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 .1 .3 .3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0. 0. 0. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 .2 .2 .2 23 ------- LOCATION OH:TOLEDO PA: DANVILLE SC:ALLENDALE SC:BROAD RIVER SC:HARTSVILLE TN: DAISY TN:KINGSTON TX:EL PASO TX:MATAGORDA VA:DOSWELL VA:NEWPORT NEWS WA:NORTHPORT WA:RICHLAND WI:TWO CREEKS WI:VICTORY WV:WHEELING TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) SURFACE WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 SOURCE LAKE ERIE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SAVANNAH RIVER BROAD RIVER LAKE ROBINSON TENNESSEE RIVER CLINCH RIVER RIO GRANDE COLORADO RIVER NORTH ANNA RIVER JAMES RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER COLUMBIA RIVER LAKE MICHIGAN MISSISSIPPI RIVER OHIO RIVER DATE COLLECTED 7/ 2/86 7/16/86 7/31/86 7/31/86 7/14/86 8/27/86 7/21/86 9/25/86 7/23/86 7/ 2/86 7/22/86 7/15/86 7/11/86 7/ 9/86 7/ 7/86 9/ 4/86 nCi/1 0.2 0.3 2.6 0.3 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 3.7 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * According to comments from Rowe, MA., the elevated level is attributable to a discharge from a test tank at the time of sampling. S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 24 ------- Drinking Water This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1. Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or selected nuclear facility environs. The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1 and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1; (d) specific iodine-131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for plutonium-238 and -239 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1. Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples. Gross beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange. The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for July - September 1986 are shown in Table 11. The annual alpha, beta, gamma, radium, and strontium analyses for 1985 annual drinking water samples are shown in Table 12. Plutonium and uranium analyses are similar to procedures given for air particulate samples. Analyses were altered to coincide with revised EPA standards. The results of 1985 composites are shown in Table 13. 25 ------- TABLE 11 LOCATION DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 DATE COLLECTED AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY ALrMUSCLE SHOALS ALrSCOTTSBORO ARiLITTLE ROCK CArBERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CO:PLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD DE:DOVER FLrMIAMI FL:TAMPA GA:SAVANNAH IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BOISE ID-.IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KSrTOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MA:ROWE MD:BALTIMORE MD.-CONOWINGO ME:AUGUSTA MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON MS:PORT GIBSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK 7/15/86 7/ 1/86 7/11/86 7/ 8/86 7/10/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 2/86 9/16/86 8/18/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/10/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 8/86 7/15/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 1/86 7/22/86 7/22/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/16/86 7/ 3/86 nCi/1 + 2s 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0-5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 0.2 0.2 26 ------- LOCATION TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER TRITIUM CONCENTRATION JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 DATE COLLECTED NE:LINCOLN 7/18/86 NJ:TRENTON 9/ 8/86 NJrWARETOWN 8/ 7/86 NM:SANTA FE 7/13/86 NV:LAS VEGAS 7/ 3/86 NY:ALBANY 7/ 2/86 NY:NEW YORK CITY 8/20/86 NY:NIAGARA FALLS 7/ 3/86 NY:SYRACUSE 9/11/86 OH:CINCINNATI 7/ 1/86 OH:COLUMBUS 7/14/86 OH:EAST LIVERPOOL 7/11/86 OH:PAINESVILLE 7/ 1/86 OH:TOLEDO 7/ 2/86 OK:OKLAHOMA CITY 7/ 1/86 OR:PORTLAND 7/ 7/86 PA:COLUMBIA 8/ 7/86 PA:HARRISBURG 7/ 3/86 PA:PITTSBURGH 7/11/86 PC:COROZAL 7/24/86 RI:PROVIDENCE 7/ 1/86 SC:BARNWELL 8/ 4/86 SC:COLUMBIA 7/ 7/86 SC:HARTSVILLE 7/16/86 SC:JENKINSVILLE 8/ 1/86 SC:SENECA 7/28/86 TN:CHATTANOOGA 7/ 3/86 TN:KNOXVILLE 7/ 1/86 TX:AUSTIN 7/28/86 VA:DOSWELL 7/24/86 VA:LYNCHBURG 7/ 1/86 VA:VIRGINIA BEACH 7/ 1/86 VI:ST. THOMAS 7/25/86 WA:RICHLAND 7/11/86 WA:SEATTLE 7/ 3/86 WI:GENOA CITY 7/ 7/86 WI:MADISON 7/ 2/86 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR nCi/1 + 2s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 27 ------- TABLE 12 DRINKING WATER ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION 1985 LOCATION AK:FAIRBANKS AL:DOTHAN AL:MONTGOMERY AL:MUSCLE SHOALS AL:SCOTTSBORO AR:LITTLE ROCK CA:BERKELEY CA:LOS ANGELES CO:DENVER CO:PLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DE:DOVER FL:MIAMI FL:TAMPA GA: SAVANNAH HI:HONOLULU IA:CEDAR RAPIDS ID:BOISE ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO KS:TOPEKA LA:NEW ORLEANS MA:LAWRENCE MA:ROWE MD: BALTIMORE MD:CONOWINGO MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:RED WING MS:JACKSON TOTAL SOLIDS mg/1 168.7 173.3 66.6 110.0 135.6 39.0 43.8 346.0 108.8 880.0 30.8 143.2 288.0 196.7 336.7 75.0 194.3 175.3 97.4 290.5 328.7 339.3 298.5 178.0 98.0 45.0 103.4 192.7 104.6 177.3 114.2 297.3 85.4 GROSS pCi/1 2.9 3.0 1.6 0.7 2.8 1.9 0.7 6.4 1.8 6.7 0.5 2.8 4.1 1.5 4.8 2.7 1.2 3.3 0.8 4.4 17.2 14.9 7.5 3.7 2.1 0.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.8 6.0 3.0 BETA + 2s 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.4 2.6 0.8 3.8 0.4 1.5 2.1 1.1 3.2 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.9 3.4 3.2 2.5 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.0 2.3 1.0 ANNUAL ANALYSES GROSS ALPHA 226, pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s 1.4 0.7 0.4 3.0 0.6 0.1 1.9 4.6 1.1 21.4 0.0 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.6 3.7 11.3 10.9 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 1.6 3.4 0.2 0.9 5.7 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.6 2.2 0.6 7.1 0.0 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.7 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 1.7 3.0 2.8 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6 2.0 0.4 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 NA 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.5 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA NA NA 0.1 NA NA NA 0.1 NA 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 6.0 4.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.1 NA NA 2.3 NA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACTIVITY ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 28 ------- TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) LOCATION MS:PORT GIBSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NC:WILMINGTON ND:BISMARCK NE:LINCOLN NH:CONCORD NJ:TRENTON NJ:WARETOWN NM:SANTA FE NVrLAS VEGAS NYrALBANY NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:NIAGARA FALLS NY:SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI OH:COLUMBUS OH:EAST LIVERPOOL OH:PAINESVILLE OH:TOLEDO OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:COLUMBIA PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH PC:ANCON RI:PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA SC: HARTS VILLE SC:JENKINSVILLE SC:SENECA TN:CHATTANOOGA DRINKING WATER ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION 1985 ANNUAL ANALYSES TOTAL SOLIDS mg/1 303.2 185.2 48.6 100.8 319.5 406.7 63.0 107.6 60.4 155.8 575.0 99.8 57.8 140.8 132.0 250.0 252.7 216.3 203.3 109.0 77.2 23.4 184.0 33.0 183.8 71.2 59.6 25.8 77.0 52.0 170.0 30.2 107.6 GROSS pCi/1 7.0 3.0 1.9 2.2 2.7 11.7 0.2 1.3 1.5 1.9 6.6 1.3 1.0 2.5 1.9 3.1 18.2 3.1 4.1 2.1 2.7 0.9 2.9 1.2 3.4 0.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.2 5.6 -1.2 2.5 BETA + 2s 2.1 1.8 0.9 0.9 2.2 3.7 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.8 10.6 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.7 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 90r 226T GROSS ALPHA "'Sr ""Ra pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s 1.5 1.4 0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.8 4.2 3.8 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.6 -0.9 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.6 18.6 4.2 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.2 4.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 18.0 6.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.3 0.7 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0 NA 0.4 0.9 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 .2 .2 .1 .2 .5 0.0 0.3 0.0 1 1.0 0.1 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.5 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACTIVITY ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 29 ------- TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) DRINKING WATER ALPHA, BETA AND GAMMA CONCENTRATION 1985 LOCATION TN:KNOXVILLE TXrAUSTIN VA:DOSWELL VA:LYNCHBURG VA:VIRGINIA BEACH VI:ST. THOMAS WA:RICHLAND WA:SEATTLE WI:GENOA CITY WI:MADISON ANNUAL ANALYSES TOTAL GROSS BETA GROSS ALPHA gQ SOLIDS Sr mg/1 pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s 226T 155.0 257.6 159.0 58.0 138.0 19.2 84.0 33.8 198.3 212.4 2.7 3.2 6.1 0.6 3.2 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7 2.9 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA NA 0.1 SPECIFIC GAMMA ACTIVITY ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND = NO ACTIVITY DETECTABLE NA = NO ANALYSIS S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 30 ------- LOCATION AL:MUSCLE SHOALS AR:LITTLE ROCK CArLOS ANGELES CO:PLATTEVILLE CT:HARTFORD FL:TAMPA ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:MORRIS IL:W. CHICAGO MI:DETROIT MN:RED WING MS:PORT GIBSON NM: SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS PA:HARRISBURG SC:COLUMBIA SC:JENKINSVILLE SC:SENECA TN:CHATTANOOGA WA:SEATTLE TABLE 13 PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES OF SELECTED DRINKING WATER COMPOSITE SAMPLES 238 pCi/1 0.042 0.100 0.013 0.738 0.840 0.415 0.016 0.003 0.078 0.006 0.008 0.036 0.007 0.005 0.019 -.001 0.017 0.002 0.015 0.014 Pu + 2s 0.024 0.087 0.026 0.169 0.216 0.093 0.013 0.016 0.040 0.013 0.017 0.019 0.008 0.013 0.026 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.011 0.012 239 pCi/1 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 .004 .008 .005 .081 .073 .026 .005 .000 .042 .006 .002 .006 .001 .002 .003 .003 .004 .000 .002 .002 1985 Pu + 2s 0.010 0.034 0.008 0.052 0.060 0.022 0.007 0.011 0.029 0.013 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.031 0.007 0.006 0.003 0.005 234 pCi/1 0.138 0.444 1.858 6.401 0.446 0.214 0.857 0.459 1.292 0.054 0.296 0.310 2.378 2.225 0.018 0.024 15.540 0.039 0.033 0.019 U + 2s 0.039 0.113 0.219 0.622 0.197 0.087 0.109 0.083 0.184 0.020 0.043 0.059 0.209 0.210 0.017 0.026 1.294 0.016 0.014 0.012 235U pCi/1 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 -0 0 0 .005 .026 .036 .119 .047 .018 .025 .010 .031 .000 .000 .009 .032 .058 .004 .002 .096 .002 .012 .001 2s 0.011 0.026 0.021 0.042 0.061 0.023 0.016 0.018 0.023 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.014 0.019 0.008 0.009 0.035 0.003 0.008 0.002 238U pCi/1 + 0.049 0.206 1.605 4.881 0.169 0.333 0.475 0.037 0.186 0.057 0.040 0.158 1.623 1.391 0.029 0.034 3.563 0.027 0.031 0.016 2s 0.022 0.077 0.196 0.491 0.139 0.104 0.074 0.021 0.059 0.022 0.013 0.040 0.151 0.142 0.016 0.022 0.348 0.013 0.013 0.009 THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LEVEL IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE. S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 31 ------- SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October 1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program are used to evaluate fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma levels. The program consists of approximately 22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the country.* Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be indicative of national trends. The monitoring program utilizes CaF_:Mn the rmolumine scent dosimeters(TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group of three TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout approximately every three months. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment. Results from the period July - September 1986 are shown in Table 14. * Some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period and consequently the number of sites listed may vary slightly. 32 ------- TABLE 14 ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION AL:MONTGOMERY CA:BERKELEY CO:DENVER FL:ORLANDO ID:BOISE IL:CHICAGO ND:BISMARCK NJ:TRENTON NM:SANTA FE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:NEW YORK OH:COLUMBUS OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:HARRISBURG PA:PITTSBURGH RI :PROVIDENCE SC:BARNWELL SC:COLUMBIA TN:KNOXVILLE VA:RICHMOND VT:MONTPELIER DATE RANGE 7/03/86- 7/03/86- 7/02/86- 6/30/86- 7/07/86- 7/09/86- 7/16/86- 7/03/86- 7/14/86- 7/01/86- 8/01/86- 7/09/86- 7/08/86- 7/02/86- 7/07/86- 7/03/86- 7/01/86- 7/10/86- 7/07/86- 7/08/86- 6/30/86- 7/10/86- 10/03/86 10/01/86 10/01/86 10/01/86 10/21/86 10/07/86 9/30/86 10/03/86 10/06/86 10/02/86 10/17/86 10/02/86 10/07/86 10/02/86 10/01/86 10/02/86 10/01/86 10/30/86 10/03/86 10/07/86 10/03/86 10/17/86 INTEGRATED EXPOSURE MR 21.7 14.8 34.3 15.5 34.1 21.0 20.3 30.4 31.1 16.9 18.2 9.4 1 .1 19 18 15.9 26.4 29.8 25.1 24.6 24.9 20.1 43.3 EXPOSURE RATE MICRO R/HR + 2 s 9. 6. 15. 7. 13. 9. 11. 13. 15. 7. 9. 4. 8. 8. 7. 12. 13. 9. 11. 11. 8. 18. 8 8 7 0 4 7 1 8 4 6 9 6 8 5 7 1 5 3 6 4 8 2 6 10 4 5 3 2 11 4 5 7 7 8 3 6 4 7 3 5 6 3 2 5 .2 .5 .9 .2 .9 .9 .8 .2 .5 .4 .5 .8 .1 .2 .0 .4 .0 .0 .1 .1 .9 .4 S = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT) 33 ------- SECTION IV. Milk Program Pasteurized Milk This is a cooperative program with the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radionuclides since it is consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the biologically important radionuclides which would result from environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends. Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone. The samples are composited, according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk consumed in a given population center. The samples are analyzed for iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in July for strontium-89, and strontium-90. Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium-89 and strontium-90. Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137 and potassium are determined by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 are determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has been chemically separated by ion-exchange. The values for the pasteurized milk samples for July - September 1986 are shown in Tablas 15 - 17. Strontium values for these locations are shown in Table 18. 34 ------- TABLE 15 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JULY 1986 LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA: SACRAMENTO CArSAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DC:WASHINGTON DE:WILMINGTON FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS .'WICHITA KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE MA:BOSTON MA: BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NH:MANCHESTER DATE COLLECTED 7/ 2/86 7/10/86 7/14/86 7/10/86 7/15/86 7/ 1/86 7/29/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/11/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/29/86 7/ 3/86 7/10/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 9/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 3/86 7/15/86 7/25/86 7/11/86 7/31/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .50 .41 .56 .40 .80 .63 .61 .47 .49 .58 .46 .59 .49 .52 .54 .44 .56 .57 .53 .76 .67 .58 .59 .55 .52 .60 .59 .57 .44 .63 .79 .57 .59 .41 .53 .51 .85 .55 .48 .60 .53 .59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .13 .12 .13 .12 .09 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .09 .12 .12 .12 .08 .12 .12 .08 .13 .25 .13 .12 .08 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .18 .12 .13 .12' .13 .13 .25 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 j. j / Cs pCi/l+2s 7 4 10 0 6 3 -1 12 18 13 11 8 2 6 11 6 4 2 22 4 11 4 2 7 11 9 4 7 11 6 22 5 14 7 8 13 13 1 8 9 14 13 7 9 7 7 6 7 7 9 9 9 6 7 7 7 5 9 7 5 10 18 9 7 5 7 9 7 7 7 7 7 13 7 9 9 9 9 18 7 7 7 7 7 J.1U Ba pCi/l+2s 3 7 7 -2 5 -1 4 1 11 16 2 2 6 4 5 4 1 0 6 5 5 0 2 -1 -1 1 3 -1 2 -2 13 5 4 0 5 5 -1 2 2 1 -2 0 9 9 9 9 6 8 8 9 10 10 6 8 9 8 6 9 8 6 10 19 9 8 6 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 13 8 9 9 9 9 19 8 9 9 9 9 j. jj. I pCi/l+2s 11 -2 5 -2 15 3 3 -3 -4 _2 0 1 1 1 -1 0 -3 3 2 1 3 2 4 4 1 -2 5 4 7 2 10 5 7 1 0 0 11 -6 2 3 7 4 7 7 7 7 10 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 7 14 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 7 8 7 7 7 14 7 7 7 7 7 3S ------- TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK JULY 1986 131, LOCATION NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NVrLAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE NY:SYRACUSE OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PAPITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN PR:SAN JUAN PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN TX:FT. WORTH UT:SALT LAKE CITY UT:SALT LAKE CITY UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON VT:BURLINGTON WV:CHARLESTON WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/15/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 9/86 7/14/86 7/20/86 7/14/86 7/ 7/86 7/11/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/10/86 7/16/86 7/ 9/86 7/16/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/29/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 2/86 7/10/86 7/30/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 7/86 7/28/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 1/86 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .65 .51 .67 .61 .45 .49 .63 .54 .51 .68 .61 .54 .55 .66 .59 .50 .53 .54 .62 .89 .56 .62 .59 .50 .66 .69 .43 .45 .61 .69 .75 .74 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .13 .13 .13 .08 .13 .13 .16 .12 .13 .14 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .09 .12 .25 .13 .12 .08 .13 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .17 .24 .24 X -J / Cs pCi/l+2s 6 9 4 6 8 13 4 2 -1 18 6 9 16 7 6 6 5 6 4 39 -1 11 5 22 19 16 7 14 7 12 3 12 7 7 7 5 9 9 9 7 7 10 7 7 9 7 7 9 7 5 7 19 7 7 5 10 7 7 9 7 7 13 18 18 -L ** V Ba pCi/l+2s 3 0 1 3 18 3 2 2 1 7 1 6 3 -2 3 4 2 -4 -2 11 3 -1 -2 4 -4 7 8 1 -6 3 4 10 9 9 9 6 11 9 11 8 9 10 8 9 9 8 9 9 8 6 8 19 9 8 6 9 8 8 9 9 8 13 19 19 j — ' j. I pCi/l+2s 5 5 6 _2 -3 -2 2 2 7 5 0 5 -1 -4 8 0 0 5 0 18 6 7 5 0 -2 -1 6 5 4 4 8 1 7 7 7 5 7 7 9 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 15 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 14 14 SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 36 ------- TABLE 16 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK AUGUST 1986 LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DC:WASHINGTON DCWASHINGTON DErWILMINGTON FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES ID:IDAHO FALLS IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE DATE COLLECTED 8/15/86 8/ 8/86 8/ 5/86 8/ 7/86 8/11/86 8/21/86 8/ 8/86 8/29/86 8/ 5/86 8/ 8/86 8/15/86 8/22/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 5/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/12/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 6/86 8/ 5/86 8/14/86 8/ 8/86 8/ 4/86 8/11/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 8/86 8/ 6/86 8/ 6/86 8/12/86 8/ 6/86 8/ 4/86 8/22/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 6/86 8/ 4/86 8/11/86 8/ 5/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .67 .44 .57 .61 .51 .52 .63 .47 .51 .64 .58 .62 .69 .43 .52 .70 .66 .47 .60 .58 .57 .53 .50 .62 .92 .49 .62 .52 .51 .61 .62 .52 .66 .50 .59 .60 .58 .49 .60 .47 .60 .65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .13 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .12 .12 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .18 .12 .12 .12 .12 .09 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .12 .09 .12 .12 .08 -L J 1 Cs pCi/l+2s 9 4 7 4 1 0 8 9 3 11 11 12 2 5 7 0 10 7 1 9 5 8 3 6 20 6 11 7 7 8 8 12 4 4 8 7 7 5 -2 11 5 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 13 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 J.1U Ba pCi/l+2s 4 4 2 12 -4 -5 9 -1 -3 1 -2 4 2 4 1 -7 9 2 -1 -5 0 9 6 -2 6 3 -2 -3 1 -2 -2 2 2 8 3 3 6 4 -1 -3 3 1 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 9 9 13 9 8 8 8 6 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 9 8 6 J.OJ LI pCi/l+2s 1 5 5 8 2 6 9 5 -3 6 9 8 1 —4 4 7 6 2 -3 4 -1 4 6 2 15 0 -3 5 0 3 -3 8 -3 -3 3 3 0 10 2 6 -3 -3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 5 37 ------- TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK AUGUST 1986 LOCATION OH:CINCINNATI OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND OR-.PORTLAND PA:PHILADELPHIA PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TX:AUSTIN UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WA:SPOKANE WI:MILWAUKEE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE 131, DATE COLLECTED 8/22/86 8/12/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 6/86 8/25/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/28/86 8/14/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 1/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 2/86 8/ 1/86 8/22/86 8/ 7/86 8/22/86 8/29/86 8/ 4/86 8/ 6/86 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .56 .60 .52 .68 .43 .62 .56 .49 .59 .62 .72 .62 .61 .49 .56 .72 .64 .56 .64 .89 .52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .12 .08 .13 .08 .12 .08 .13 .12 .12 .12 .13 .24 .09 .13 .12 .25 .13 .13 .13 .25 .09 J- J / Cs pCi/l+2s 6 5 -2 14 23 3 3 13 7 8 7 21 7 32 0 34 10 8 5 -6 3 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 18 5 7 7 19 7 7 7 18 5 J.1U Ba pCi/l+2s 1 -2 -6 4 4 4 -6 -1 0 2 8 3 -4 6 9 10 4 -2 -6 -4 -1 8 6 9 6 8 6 9 9 8 8 8 19 6 9 8 19 9 9 9 19 6 j — > - I pCi/l+2s 1 -1 3 -1 0 -2 4 9 -2 5 0 5 3 6 -3 12 -2 1 0 5 4 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 14 5 7 7 14 7 7 7 14 5 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 38 ------- TABLE 17 CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION AK: ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AR:LITTLE ROCK AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CA:SAN FRANCISCO CT:HARTFORD DC:WASHINGTON DC:WASHINGTON DE:WILMINGTON FL: TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE LA:NEW ORLEANS LA:NEW ORLEANS MA: BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE ME:PORTLAND MI:DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MM:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY:BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY NY:SYRACUSE OH CINCINNATI DATE COLLECTED 9/12/86 9/ 5/86 9/ 9/86 9/11/86 9/12/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 5/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 5/86 9/19/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 5/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 3/86 9/16/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 4/86 9/ 2/86 9/11/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 2/86 9/12/86 9/ 3/86 9/ 8/86 9/12/86 9/ 5/86 9/ 5/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 3/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 9/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 8/86 9/ 2/86 9/ 5/86 K g/l+2s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .69 .58 .68 .53 .69 .58 .62 .60 .52 .53 .52 .47 .53 .61 .55 .54 .49 .66 .58 .63 .56 .50 .69 .60 .53 .75 .60 .51 .57 .55 .49 .65 .55 .47 .64 .57 .49 .67 .60 .63 .57 .57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .09 .13 .12 .12 .13 .12 .08 .13 .13 .13 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .08 .12 .13 .12 .12 .09 .25 .13 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .13 .09 .09 .13 .12 .12 .13 .08 .12 .12 A J / Cs pCi/l+2s 4 2 4 -2 2 2 5 7 7 7 4 4 3 3 4 9 11 7 1 7 7 11 3 16 10 13 6 10 8 4 4 5 6 9 7 3 5 12 2 4 1 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 5 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 5 7 7 Ba pCi/l+2s -1 8 0 -4 1 3 4 -5 -3 7 0 -2 4 -1 -4 -2 -2 -4 3 4 3 -1 0 -1 -2 11 3 2 -4 2 3 -2 1 -3 2 4 0 0 2 2 -2 0 6 9 8 8 9 8 6 9 9 9 8 8 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 6 8 9 8 8 6 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 9 6 6 9 9 8 9 6 8 8 pCi/l+2s 4 8 0 -1 9 1 -2 1 5 4 4 0 1 0 *~& 6 -3 2 2 -6 0 10 -1 9 -1 10 1 9 -4 1 3 3 1 8 -1 1 1 3 7 2 2 2 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 39 ------- TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK SEPTEMBER 1986 LOCATION OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA: PHILADELPHIA PA: PITTSBURGH PR:SAN JUAN SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN TX:FT. WORTH UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WA:SEATTLE WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE DATE COLLECTED 9/22/86 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 3/86 5/86 8/86 8/86 9/10/86 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 1/86 8/86 8/86 2/86 2/86 8/86 8/86 4/86 2/86 2/86 8/86 3/86 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K g/l+2s .64 .65 .61 .51 .54 .64 .52 .50 .71 .64 .57 .55 .60 .65 .50 .47 .65 .63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .12 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .12 .24 .09 .13 .13 .12 .13 .13 .12 .24 .13 Cs pCi/l+2s 6 2 15 7 10 -1 0 3 16 5 4 10 10 6 6 19 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 18 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 Ba pCi/l+2s -2 -7 0 7 6 6 6 -3 7 5 0 -1 4 7 2 5 12 3 8 9 8 9 9 8 9 8 9 6 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 131Z pCi/l+2s 8 7 4 5 10 -3 2 -1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 417 4 7 2 5 2 8 -1 8 217 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 S = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR 40 ------- TABLE 18 STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK ANNUAL REPORT EPA LOCATION AK:ANCHORAGE AL:MONTGOMERY AZ:PHOENIX CA:LOS ANGELES CA:SACRAMENTO CArSAN FRANCISCO CO:DENVER CT:HARTFORD DC WASHINGTON DE:WILMINGTON FL:TAMPA GA:ATLANTA HI:HONOLULU IA:DES MOINES IL:CHICAGO IN:INDIANAPOLIS KS:WICHITA KY:LOUISVILLE MA:BOSTON MD:BALTIMORE MI :DETROIT MI:GRAND RAPIDS MN:MINNEAPOLIS MN:ST. PAUL MO:KANSAS CITY MO:ST. LOUIS MS:JACKSON MT:HELENA NC:CHARLOTTE ND:MINOT NE:OMAHA NH:MANCHESTER NJ:TRENTON NM:ALBUQUERQUE NV:LAS VEGAS NY .-BUFFALO NY:NEW YORK CITY JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 90 Sr pCi/1 + 2s 89Sr pCi/1 + 2s* 7/ 2/86 7/10/86 7/10/86 7/15/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/ 3/86 7/10/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 9/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 3/86 7/15/86 7/25/86 7/11/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 8/86 7/15/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 1.3 2.7 -0.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.5 2.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.3 2.8 3.1 5.1 3.3 2.5 2.6 3.2 1.6 2.0 0.4 2.2 2.9 -0.2 1.2 -0.1 3.1 4.3 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.9 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41 ------- TABLE 18 (CONTINUED) STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK ANNUAL REPORT EPA LOCATION NY:SYRACUSE OH:CLEVELAND OK:OKLAHOMA CITY OR:PORTLAND PA:PITTSBURGH PC:CRISTOBAL PR:SAN JUAN SC:CHARLESTON SD:RAPID CITY TN:CHATTANOOGA TN:KNOXVILLE TN:MEMPHIS TX:AUSTIN TX:FT. WORTH UT:SALT LAKE CITY VA:NORFOLK VT:BURLINGTON WV:CHARLESTON WY:LARAMIE JULY - SEPTEMBER 1986 90 Sr pCi/1 + 2s 7/ 9/86 7/20/86 7/14/86 7/ 7/86 7/11/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 9/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 7/86 7/29/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 2/86 7/ 3/86 7/ 7/86 7/ 1/86 7/ 1/86 2.1 0.3 1.7 1.5 3.8 0.2 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.8 1.1 0.6 1.8 2.0 1.2 2.2 2.8 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 89Sr pCi/1 + 2s* 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s = SIGMA COUNTING ERROR s*= ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES THE COUNTING ERROR 42 ------- Carbon-14 in Milk Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-14. These samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain resulting from nuclear testing. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation. The last carbon-14 results were for samples collected during May 1975 and May 1979. They were published in Environmental Radiation Data; Report 29. 43 ------- ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly (January,April, July,October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs. Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to: Charles M. Petko Technical Support Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to: Charles R. Phillips, Chief Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility 1890 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36109 or to: James W. Gunter, Chief Environmental Studies and Statistics Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461) U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Waterside Mall East 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 *** ------- |