&EPA
                               United States
                               Environmental Protection
                               Agency
                             Solid Waste and
                             Emergency Response
                             (5306W)
EPA-530-F-99-022d
October 1999
www.epa.gov/osw
Leisure World                         ^v   A
Laguna  Hills,  California  |f 50
                               50% Waste Reduction Rate
                                                                                                    -*
                                  Thanks to an aggressive program installed, maintained, and
                                  encouraged by property management, the Leisure World residential
                                  community in Laguna Hills, California, has cut its waste stream in
                                  half. One of the keys to Leisure World's success is its composting
                                  program. Landscape trimmings account for 25% of the
                                  community's waste stream, with mixed residential recyclables (newspaper and
                                  commingled containers) accounting for another 25%.
                               Program Description
                                 eisure World is a sprawling residential
                                 icommunity located on more than 700 acres
                                   of land with approximately 18,000
                                     residents. Building types range from
                                         single-family units up to 24-unit
                                         buildings. This poses an unusual
                                        challenge for management who has
                                        devised a combination centralized
                                        collection for commingled materials,
                                       drop-off system for newspapers, and
                                       curbside program for the single-family
                                       units.
                                         Varied building configurations
                                      result in three different trash collection
                                      systems. Residents of three-story
                                     buildings use trash chutes. Residents of
                                     other multi-family units bring their trash
                                    to three-cubic-yard containers in
                                    enclosures located throughout the
                                    premises. Residents of single-family units
                                    put their trash at curbside for collection.
                                    Outside contractors collect trash twice
                                     per week.
                                         While Leisure World has a strong
                                      recycling program of typical home-
                                      generated recyclables, what drives its
                                       recycling rate to 50% is its composting
                                       operation. This program began in
                                        1990. Leisure World's landscaping
                                        staff collect all landscaping debris
                                         and grind, process, and compost it
                                           on site. They use the finished compost as
                                           potting soil in the on-site nursery, and mulch
                                           for landscaping purposes. Staff use several
                                           source reduction techniques, including direct
                                           mulching when cutting grass, and planting
                                           drought resistant species.
                                               Leisure World's residents recycle beverage
                                           containers, magazines, and telephone books at
                                           one centralized drop-off site at the
                                           maintenance service center, driving distance for
                                           most residents. At this site there are nine
                                           recycling collection containers, one or two for
                                           each commodity. The containers are three-
                                           cubic-yard metal bins. The material collected
                                           here accounts for less than 5% of the total
                                           recyclables diverted.
                                               In-house staff collect newspapers curbside
                                           from the single-family units. The remaining
                                           population, who reside in multi-family
                                           structures, place their newspaper in one-cubic-
                                           yard covered metal bins.  Approximately 450 of
                                           these bins, custom designed for Leisure World,
                                           are distributed throughout the complex
                                             Materials Collected
                                             Glass
                                             Aluminum
                                             Newspaper
                                             Magazines
                                             Yard trimmings
                                             White goods
                                             Scrap metal
                                             Laser printer cartridges

                                      This profile is part of the fact sheet Complex Recycling Issues: Strategies for Record-Setting Waste Reduction in Multi-
                                      Family Dwellings (EPA-530-F-99-022).

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alongside trash containers. Private
contractors collect this material.
    Other materials collected for
recycling including white goods, scrap
metal (such as old hot water heaters,
sinks, and other fixtures generated by
the maintenance department), and laser
cartridges. Management also plans to
implement a cardboard collection
program using one four-cubic-yard
container on the premises.
    Staffing needs for the recycling
program are met with existing staff.
Because outside contractors handle the
collection of recyclables (except yard
trimmings), only a small amount of staff
time is devoted to cleaning the
centralized collection location. The
composting program has two
dedicated staff: one for materials
collection, the other for tub grinder
operation.

Outreach Activities
$109,000 for newspaper alone. Savings
are passed on to residents through
lowered operating costs. As of 1996,
nine years after implementing the
recycling program, Leisure World realized
$80,445 savings in operating expenses.
All program costs include equipment
(tub grinder and tractor to turn
windrows), start-up costs (grading of
compost site), and labor (two staff for
composting program).
    The yard trimmings collection
program results in lower hauling and
tipping fees, reduced need for soil
amendment purchases, and reduced
water needs. Careful records of the flow
of materials and costs allow staff to
understand the true cost savings of
recycling. The program coordinator
tracks tonnage by requiring waste slips
from the contractor who has a scale on
its truck. The in-house composting staff
also weigh yard trimmings with an on-
board scale.
    Tips for Replication

    •   Ensure a committed management
    staff is on hand.
    •   Encourage residents to make the
    extra effort to recycle.
    •   Keep careful cost and tonnage
    records in order to recognize true cost
    savings.
    •   Focus on recovering materials with
    high volume and high value.
    Contact:
    Cindy Cramer
    Management Analyst
    Landscape Division
    Professional Community
    Management, Inc.
    Leisure World
    P.O. Box 2220
    Laguna Hills, CA 92654
    (714) 597-4669 fax (714) 470-0148
   The program involves community
   residents through governance
committees that oversee all aspects of
operations on the premises. This direct
involvement gives residents a direct
stake in the success of the program.
Interested residents often bring
contamination issues to the attention of
the program manager.
    All recycling containers are labeled
with stickers indicating which materials
to deposit. Management promotes the
program through  articles in the
community newspaper and bulletins on
the community cable channel.
                    Program Summary, FY96
Costs/Benefits
   The centralized collection program
   minimizes costs. Leisure World also
receives top dollar for its newspaper as it
is clean and uncontaminated. For
instance, in 1996 management spent
$95,000 on newspaper pickup, but
received $123,000 in revenue for this
newspaper and saved $82,000 in tipping
fees, netting an overall savings of

  Start Date
  Type of Buildings


  Households Served
  Total Waste Generated (Tons)
    Disposed
    Diverted
  Total Diverted (%)
  Materials Recovered
    Yard trimmings
    Newspaper
    Other recyclables
  Average Generation (Ibs./HH/day)
    Disposed
    Diverted
  Fees per Year
    Disposal
    Diversion
  Net Costs per HH per Year
    Disposal services
    Diversion services
  Net Costs per Ton
    Disposal services
    Diversion services
1987 (yard trimmings added 1990)
318 single-family buildings and 2,231 multi-
family buildings; multi-family buildings range
from 2 to 24 units and from 1 to 3 stories
12,736
            FY86
         >14,500
           14,500
             NA*
             NA
             NA
               0
             NA*
               0
           >6.24
             6.24
             NA*
       >$815,522
         $815,522
             NA*
         >$64.03
           $64.03
             NA*
         >$56.24
           $56.24
             NA*
    FY96
  15,755
    7,800
    7,955
    50%
   7,955
    4,711
    3,043
     201
    6.77
     3.35
     3.42
$735,077
 $562,077
 $173,000
  $57.71
   $44.13
   $13.58
  $46.66
   $72.06
   $21.75
  FY = fiscal year      HH = household      NA = Not available
  Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
  'Leisure World had a newspaper recycling program before 1986, but did not track tonnage or costs.

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