EMERGENCY
iSPONSE PLAN
STATE AND LOCAL ASPECTS
WILEY & WILSON, INC.
ENGINEERS - ARCHITECTS - PLANNERS
LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAMS FOR MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
STATE - LOCAL ASPECTS
by
R. L. GREEN, PE
G. L. PAGE, JR., PE
W. M. JOHNSON, PE, CP
WILEY & WILSON, INC.
ENGINEERS . ARCHITECTS . PLANNERS
LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA 24501
FOR THE
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS OPERATIONS
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
UNDER CONTRACT NO. 68-01-0341
11572
AUGUST 1973
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NOTICE
This document is a preliminary draft.
It has not been formally released by EPA and
should not at this stage be construed to
represent Agency policy. It is being circu-
lated for comment on its technical accuracy
and policy implications.
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ABSTRACT
This document provides information to assist in the development of State
and local emergency programs in responding to spills of raw or inadequate-
ly treated municipal wastewater0 This report emphasizes the legal aspects
of spill reporting, the definition of a reportable spill, State and local
aspects of emergency response planning, and a model State emergency re-
sponse program.,
Preliminary steps in this work included a review of existing and proposed
Federal statutes and current State water pollution control laws and regu-
lations. Input from the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan, the U0 S0 Office of Emergency Preparedness, the American
Water Works Association's Emergency Planning Handbook, the Office of
Civil Defense's Publication, Civil Defense Aspects of Waterworks Opera-
tion, and Virginia's Natural Disaster Assistance Plan has been incorpo-
rated in this report,, Over 55 State and interstate agencies were asked
to provide information on existing or future water pollution contingency
plans, and over two hundred wastewater treatment facilities were asked
to provide information on local emergency plans0
This manual includes a separate section on State emergency response plans
and another separate section on local aspects of emergency planning. The
guidelines presented are not intended as rigid formats; each State and
local response plan must be modified to the individual situation.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No0 68-01-0341,
under the sponsorship of the Office of Water Programs Operations,
Environmental Protection Agency <,
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
I CONCLUSIONS 1
II RECOMMENDATIONS 3
III INTRODUCTION 5
IV REPORTABLE SPILL DEFINITION 7
INTRODUCTION 7
SAMPLE DEFINITION 7
EXISTING DEFINITIONS 8
SUMMARY 9
V STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM 10
INTRODUCTION 10
GENERAL
Responsibility 10
Regions 10
Plant Inventory 11
Stream Modeling 11
Local Emergency Response Programs 12
Emergency Stream Sampling 13
Spill Classification 14
Emergency Response Drills 14
Evaluation Team 15
REPORTING SYSTEM 15
Introduction 15
Telephone Reporting 16
Regional Reporting 16
Reporting Format 19
STRIKE FORCES 19
Introduction 19
Composition and Mission 19
State Emergency Response Team 20
PUBLIC INFORMATION 22
Introduction 22
News Releases 22
State News Office 23
Regional News Office 23
COST RECOVERY 24
Sample State Cost Recovery Laws 24
Cost Recovery Recommendations 27
SYSTEM OF FINES 27
Sample State Systems 27
Recommendations For A System of Fines 28
RESPONSE CENTERS 28
State Response Center 28
Regional Response Center 30
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Section Page
VI LOCAL ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING 31
INTRODUCTION 31
GENERAL 31
Objectives 31
Natural Disaster and Civil Disorder 32
Vulnerability Analysis 32
Methods to Reduce System Vulnerability 33
LOCAL PLANS 38
Emergency Planning Responsibilities 38
Mutual Aid Agreements 39
Emergency Inventory 39
Treatment Facility Records 45
Industrial Waste Inventory 45
Coordination with Police and Fire Departments 46
Emergency Response Cards 47
Emergency Response Center 48
Auxiliary Personnel 49
Process Diagrams 50
Emergency Response Critique 50
Emergency Operating and Response Program -
Operation and Maintenance Manual Chapter 50
VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 55
VIII REFERENCES 56
IX APPENDICES 68
A - MODEL STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 70
B - PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES 103
C - STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION 116
D * SAMPLE FORMAT: WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PAMPHLET 125
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 SAMPLE DYE STUDY FLOW DATA PRESENTATION 12
2 SAMPLE STATE MAP SHOWING REGIONAL BREAKDOWN
FOR SPILL REPORTING 17
3 SAMPLE SPILL REPORT FORMS 18
4 SAMPLE: FLOOR PLAN - STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
CENTER 29
5 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 34
6 SAMPLE MUTUAL-AID AGREEMENT FORM 40
7 SAMPLE MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS/CONTRACTS SHEET 41
8 SAMPLE INVENTORY WORKSHEET 42
9 SAMPLE EMERGENCY INVENTORY SHEET 44
10 SAMPLE: INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY 45
11 SAMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE CARD 47
12 SAMPLE TELEPHONE CALL LIST FOR A MUNICIPALITY 48
13 SAMPLE SPILL REPORT FLOW DIAGRAM 49
vt
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. Very few States have written into their State laws a requirement
that municipal wastewater treatment system owners report spills of
raw or inadequately treated sewage. However, many State water pol-
lution control agencies have adopted regulations,.under authority
of State law, that require that such a spill be reported.
2, Because of the many conditions that must be evaluated when investi-
gating a municipal wastewater spill (waste characteristics to in-
clude strength and volume, receiving stream assimilation capacity,
and downstream water uses), the States do not place the burden of
estimating incident severity on the individual treatment system
owner,, The States require reporting of any discharge of inadequate-
ly treated wastewater, and the State water pollution control agen«y
collects the information necessary to determine the environmental
impact of the spill.
3o Few States currently have formal contingency plans specifically for
spills of municipal wastewater. However, several States have oil
and hazardous materials spill plans, and several States provide
stream sampling teams to respond to water pollution emergencies.
General information on the philosophy of emergency response planning
is available from the National and Regional Oil and Hazardous Sub-
stance Pollution Contingency Plans, the U0S0 Office of Emergency
Preparedness, the Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense,
and State Civil Defense Plans,,
4. With little effort, the existing water pollution control agencies in
most States could be organized to provide a more efficient response
to municipal wastewater spills. All State water pollution control
agencies now respond to water pollution emergencies. In most cases,
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the agencies have sufficient personnel and communication capability
to respond in an acceptable manner. A well thought-out plan, simi-
lar to the Oil and Hazardous Materials Plans now existing in sev-
eral States, would minimize the environmental, public health and
public welfare impact of municipal wastewater spills.
Very few municipal treatment systems have formal emergency response
plans. Most owners rely on adequate staffing and sufficient equip-
ment to cope with emergencies.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
All States should review their existing Water Pollution Control Laws and
Regulations and, if necessary, provide a requirement for reporting spills
of raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater.
All States should develop a plan for receiving spill reports on a 24-hour--
a-day basis and set up a mechanism for responding in a prompt and efficient
manner,, Coordination of emergency plans between adjacent States that have
a common river basin should be encouraged,,
All municipal wastewater treatment system owners should develop local
emergency response plans and provide training for local personnel in-
volved in emergency planning,,
Receiving waters in each State should be studied and flow models develop-
ed,, These models will help provide a rapid severity estimate for a given
spillo
State water pollution control agencies should develop a preliminary spill
classification procedure. This procedure will enable a State represent-
ative to classify a given spill as major or minor using preliminary spill
report information,. This classification will insure early and appropriate
responses to spill reports.
State water pollution control agencies should investigate the use of a
computerized stream monitoring system in critical areas. This system
could be similar to the one now employed by the Ohio River Valley Water
Sanitation Commissiono
Municipal wastewater treatment system owners should analyze the vulner-
ability of their systems, data which can aid them in developing local
emergency programs.
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All municipal wastewater treatment facilities should develop an acceptable
breakdown of treatment capabilities during periods of equipment or treat-
ment process failure,, Such a breakdown will aid in estimating the degree
of treatment that the wastewater is receiving for any given failure
condition,,
Emergency equipment and personnel inventories should be established by
all municipal wastewater treatment facilities,,
Professional, technical, and service organizations (Water Pollution Con-
trol Federations, American Society of Civil Engineers, etc0) should pro-
vide opportunities for personnel involved in emergency planning to re-
ceive up-to-date training in this area,,
All States, either through existing organizations (Council of State
Governments, etc,,) or new groups, should exchange ideas, techniques,
and philosophy concerning emergency response plans,,
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
Scope and Purpose
The primary function of municipal wastewater treatment facilities is to
collect and treat municipal wastewaters so as to attain an interim
national ".00goal of water quality which provides for-the protection
and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and provides for recre-
ation in and on the water0" The Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 stipulate that this to be accomplished by publicly
owned treatment works in a consistent and reliable manner; treatment works
must meet effluent limitations based upon secondary treatment, or any
more stringent applicable limitations, by July 1, 1977, and must employ
the best practicable waste treatment technology by July 1, 19830 The
specific conditions and limitations will be identified in a permit issued
to each point source discharge under the "National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System" as established by the Act0
Since the discharge of pollutants in excess of the effluent limitations
of discharge permits is prohibited by the Act, it is essential that
municipal wastewater plants, from the day of initial operation, effec-
tively treat wastewater in compliance with those limitations. This
manual has been prepared to assist in the accomplishment of this objec-
tive.
This manual provides information to assist in the development of State
and local emergency response programs to detect, respond to, and mini-
mize the environmental and public health and welfare impact of spills
of raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater.
Project Phases
The development of this manual began with a thorough review of the
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan,, The
literature survey was expanded to include Regional Oil and Hazardous
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Substances Pollution Contingency Plans, Interstate Water Pollution Con-
tingency Plans, various EPA publications dealing with control and spill
prevention techniques for hazardous polluting substances, various State
techniques for response to water pollution emergencies, civil defense
planning, and the emergency planning philosophy of various organizations
in water related fields.
Federal statutes, both existing and proposed, related to water pollution
were reviewed and a tabulation of pertinent features from applicable
statutes was prepared. All State water pollution control agencies were
contacted and requests for current water pollution control laws and
agency regulations were made.
Surveys of organizations with expertise in emergency planning and con-
ferences with individuals working in this field were conducted. A re-
quest for information on existing or proposed contingency plans was
made to all States and major interstate agencies. A questionnaire was
prepared, approved by the Office of Management and Budget, and mailed
to over 200 municipal treatment facilities across the county.
The results of the literature survey, the review of Federal and State
statutes, the field trips, the responses to the questionnaire, and in-
put from Wiley & Wilson's sanitary engineering conceptural design team
are included in this manual.
Manual Format
Users of this manual should become familiar with its Table of Contents.
A principal section discusses State emergency response programs and
another section deals with the local aspects of emergency planning.
The Appendix of this manual contains a model State emergency response
plan and tabulations of pertinent Federal and State laws related to
water pollution control„
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SECTION IV
REPORTABLE SPILL DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION
Prior to initiating any statewide program for responding to municipal
wastewater treatment plant emergencies, the criteria for defining a
reportable spill must be selected. This section contains a sample def-
inition for municipal wastewater spills. Also several reportable spill
definitions from existing State water pollution control agency regu-
lations are given0
SAMPLE DEFINITION:
Any discharge from a municipal wastewater system which may
not be in compliance with the effluent limitations established
for that system,. In the absence of a certificate/ permit system,
any discharge of a quality lower than the normal effluent
quality should be classified as a reportable spill „
the purpose of the above definition, a wastewater system includes,
but is not limited to, the wastewater treatment plant, sewer lines,
and sewage pumping stations. A discharge includes, but is not limited
to, any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, dump-
ing, overflowing or bypassing.
The intent of the reportable spill definition given above is to provide
maximum protection. to the downstream water users and to give the respon-
sibility for the incident severity analysis to the State water pollution
control agency,
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EXISTING DEFINITIONS
FLORIDA
In the event the permittee is temporarily unable to comply with any of the conditions of
the permit due to breakdown of equipment or destruction by hazard of fire, wind or other
cause, the permittee is to immediately notify this Department. Notification shall include
pertinent information as to cause, and what steps are being taken to correct the problem
and prevent its recurrence and the owner's intent toward reconstruction of destroyed
facilities where applicable. (Rules of the Department of Pollution Control, Chapter
17-4.13)
GEORGIA
Whenever, because of an accident or otherwise, any toxic or taste-and-color producing sub-
stance, or any other substance which would endanger downstream users of the waters of the
State or would damage property, is discharged into these waters, or is so placed that it
might flow, be washed, or fall into them, it shall be the duty of the person at the time
in charge of such substance to forthwith notify the Division for Georgia Water Quality
Control in person or by telephone of the location and nature of the danger, and it shall
be such person's further duty to immediately take all reasonable and necessary steps to
prevent injury to property and downstream users of said waters, (Rules of State Water
Quality Control Board, Chapter 730-5-„03)
INDIANA
Any unusual change in volume and characteristics of the effluent, either planned or acci-
dental, shall be reported immediately to the Office of the Technical Secretary. (Stream
Pollution Control Board of the State of Indiana, Regulation SPC 11, March 3, 1971)
KENTUCKY
Whenever by reason of emergency, accident, or otherwise excessive spills or discharges of
sewage, industrial, or other wastes, shall have occured from impoundments, treatment works,
disposal system or outlet, storage basins or otherwise, the responsible person, persons,
corporation, or others shall immediately by phone or telegram notify the office of the
Water Pollution Control Commission, giving all information concerning the point of dis-
charge, characteristics of the effluent being discharged and whether or not such discharge
is continuing or has been stopped. (Water Pollution Control Commission Regulation, WP-3,
Paragraph 2)
OREGON
Approval shall be obtained from the State Sanitary Authority before bypassing any sewage
or industrial waste treatment plant or unit thereof except in case of emergency. If an
emergency occurs and bypassing for more than 24 hours is necessary, the authority shall
be notified immediately. A record of the date and duration of all bypassing shall be
maintained, (Oregon Administrative Rules Chapter 340, 42-020, April 15, 1972)
8
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VIRGINIA
Every owner certified under the State Water Control Law shall immediately advise the Board
by telephone or telegram, to be confirmed by letter, giving all available details, includ-
ing known adverse effects on aquatic life and the known number of fish killed, should any
unusual or extraordinary discharge of wastes to State water occurs.
Unusual or extraordinary discharges are defined as any discharges of waste resulting from:
1. Unusual spillage of materials resulting directly or indirectly from the
owner's processing operations.
2. Breakdown of processing or accessory equipment.
3. Failure of or taking out of service sewage or industrial waste treatment
plant or auxiliary facilities (such as sewer lines or sewage or indus-
trial waste pump station).
4. Flooding or other acts of nature,
(Regulation No, 4, State Hater Control Board)
.OKLAHOMA
When a lift station or the water pollution control plant, or any part of such facilities
are bypassed, the operating reports shall include the time such units were bypassed, the
volume of waste bypassed, and the reason for such bypassing. (Sec, 3-D State Board of
Health Rules and Regulations Governing the Operation of Water Pollution Control Facilities)
KANSAS
...emergency or accidental discharge of sewage or other materials detrimental to the
quality of waters of the State shall be immediately reported to the State Department of
Health by the owner of the Treatment Plant or his representative... (State Board of
Health Regulation 28-16-27)
SUMMARY
The sample definition for a reportable spill and the existing State spill
definitions have been provided to assist in developing a new definition,
to help in the revision of an existing definition, or to permit comparisons
between existing State definitions.
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SECTION V
STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM
INTRODUCTION
A statewide plan for responding to municipal wastewater treatment plant
emergencies can serve to minimize the damage caused by spills of raw or
inadequately treated municipal wastewater„ Even during emergencies
that affect large portions of a State, such as floods and hurricanes, an
existing plan will help ensure that wastewater treatment capabilities
are maintained or are returned to service in an efficient manner.
This section contains information and considerations for developing
State, emergency response programs for spills of municipal wastewater.
(Appendix A is a Model State Emergency Response Plan.)
GENERAL
Responsibility
The responsibility for a State's emergency response program should be
given to a single State agency. This does not eliminate other State
agencies from participation in the program but simply establishes a pro-
cedure to improve coordination and avoid duplication of effort,,
Regions
The emergency planning agency should divide the State into regions. The
regions might be river basins, political jurisdictions, planning dis-
tricts, or might be defined according to population density. Each State
can best determine how the regions within its boundaries are defined.
However, these regions should not be chosen arbitrarily and, once selected,
a periodic review should be made to insure that they remain consistent
with overall emergency program objectives.
10
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Plant Inventory
An inventory of all municipal wastewater treatment plants within the
State should be made with the plants grouped according to the region
in which they are located, A map showing the boundaries of the regions
and the location of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities
should be produced and kept up-to-date,,
Stream Modeling
The receiving streams in the State should be studied and modeled. These
models will provide an initial estimate of the effect a given spill will
have for a specific stream flow condition. The models should be updated
periodically to ensure reliability of their predictions. The type and
location of downstream water users also should be determined for each
municipal wastewater treatment facility discharge. A priority list and
a procedure for alerting these downstream water users should be estab-
lished and updated continuously.
Dye studies can be used to estimate the travel time for water-soluble
wastes being transported by a river. The dye is injected into the
river and travel time measured at downstream locations,. The studies
should be made during various flow conditions in order to minimize the
errors resulting from extrapolating data from only one or two river
flow conditions. All limitations built into such a study should be
clearly defined. This will enable the personnel preparing and using
the tables containing this date to apply proper engineering judgment
in their work.
Figure No0 1 is a typical presentation of the data that can be obtained
from a dye study. It can be used by the State water pollution control
agency personnel and downstream water users to estimate when a spill at
a known river mile/station will arrive at a given downstream location.
This travel time information should be given for various receiving
stream flow conditions.
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Water Intake for Capital City RM 30.5
(DOWNSTREAM WATER USER) (RIVER MILE/STATION)
TABLE GIVES TIME IN HOURS FOR A SPILL TO ARRIVE AT
RM 30.5 IN THE Black Water River FROM SPILLS
(RIVER MILE/STATION)(RECEIVING STREAM)
UPSTREAM.
o
fc RECEIVING STREAM FLOW RATE* IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND (CFS)
^ MILE/STATION 2000 CFS 3000 CFS 5000 CFS 8000 CFS
s:
0£
5 RM 32.0 HR. HR. HR. HR.
0£
~ RM 33.0 HR. HR. HR. HR.
_i
S; RM 34.0 HR. HR. HR. L_HR-
° RM 35.0 HR. HR. HR. HR.
z
£ RM 36.0 HR. HR. HR. HR.
^ '
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Each plant's Operations and Maintenance Manual should include a list of
all parts, components, lubricants, tools and chemicals to be kept on
hand and in what quantities. The plant owners should provide the State
with a breakdown of their maintenance forces and their maintenance
capabilities. The owners should maintain a complete and current list
of equipment manufacturers and their local representatives. The State
should obtain each plant's in-house laboratory capability and a list
of private laboratories within the State. The location of emergency
equipment, such as generators, radio communication equipment, and port-
able sampling equipment, should be inventoried by the owner. Detailed
information on local aspects of emergency planning are found in Sec-
tion VI of this manual.
Emergency Stream Sampling
For each municipal wastewater discharge and other potential spill loca-
tion, such as a pump station, the State should select sampling points
along receiving streams below these locations,, This will enable sampling
to be done promptly and efficiently to determine the effects of a spill
from a given source. The State should organize and provide personnel
for emergency stream sampling teams,, The teams may consist of members
of the State water pollution control agency staff. The teams should
have a team chief and be tailored to handle expected duties at the site
of any given spill„ The team members could be on call during a period
of one week and then be relieved by a second team at the end of .the week.
Team personnel would continue to perform their normal jobs within the
agency during the day and be available during the evenings of the week
they are on call. The teams should be provided with transportation and
also a boat if required. These teams are to be used strictly for initial
response action, and if prolonged sampling is required, this work should
be turned over to the State's regular stream sampling staff. (See
Appendix A - Model State Emergency Response Plan, Page 70 for additional
information.)
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Spill Classification
The State water pollution control agency should provide a representative
for each region within the State,, These personnel would follow-up on
spill reports, estimate spill severity, and coordinate State and local
response actions,, Criteria should be established for each treatment
facility so that the State's personnel can classify a given spill as major
or minor using preliminary spill report information.. The spill classi-
fication may be changed after an on-scene inspection of the spill site,,
A preliminary classification will allow appropriate response action to
be initiated, particularly if the response requires providing physical
assistance,, For example, a bypass condition where unchlorinated raw
sewage is entering a receiving stream above a domestic water supply
intake might require portable chlorination units to be moved to the
spill site and an extensive river sampling program initiated to monitor
water quality, (See Appendix A - Model State Emergency Response Plan,
Page 77 for a sample classification system.)
/
Emergency Response Drills
After the State has developed an emergency response program, it should
conduct emergency response exercises for simulated emergencies. These
exercises should be critiqued and improvements made to the emergency
response plan. All responses to actual emergencies should also be
critiqued.
Note to manual users: Most State and local civil defense organizations
conduct periodic drills to test their prepared-
ness. These organizations can be a valuable
source of information on the methods and tech-
niques used for conducting emergency response
drills.
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Evaluation Team
In the judgment of the State water pollution control agency, it may be
advisable to activate an evaluation team0 The purpose of the team
should be to:
1. Evaluate the techniques, equipment, and materials used in
response to the spill.
2. Assess damage to aquatic life and public health,
3. Assess damage to wildlife.
The evaluation team should consist of representatives from the follow-
ing State agencies:
1. State Water Pollution Control Agency
2o State Health Department
30 State Department of Natural Resources
40 State Game and Fish Commission
Any state agency that has the necessary expertise, including the attor-
ney general's office, may be designated as a member of the evaluation
team for a particular incident,,
REPORTING SYSTEM
Introduction
A legal requirement for reporting spills of raw or inadequately treated
municipal wastewater will ensure that spills are reported promptly. To
aid the personnel responsible for this reporting, the State's emergency
response program should be widely publicized. All State employees should
be made aware of the program, especially game wardens, marine police,
fishery biologists and State police.
15
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Telephone Reporting
All municipal treatment facilities should be provided with the names
and telephone numbers of the State water pollution control agency
regional representatives and a number that can be called 24-hours-a«day,
7-days-a-week, to report emergencies. The initial call for reporting
a spill should be made to the State water pollution control agency
regional representative. Figure No. 2 is a sample State map showing
the regions within the State and listing the State water pollution
control agency representative for each region. If persons reporting
spills are unable to contact their regional representative, the 24-hour
number at the State headquarters should be called. The operator who
receives the call should have a checklist to use in obtaining the basic
information required for followup by a qualified member of the emer-
gency response staff.. Figure No. 3 shows samples of forms used for
receipt of spill reports,, Responsibilities and time lag for reporting
spill conditions should be clearly defined.
Regional Reporting
The regional response staff in the area where the emergency occurs
should have a working knowledge of the characteristics of all treatment
systems for which it is responsible. This staff should have a good
working arrangement with the key personnel from each of these systems.
Flow charts complete with names, titles, telephone numbers, and alter-
nates should be produced, widely circulated and continually updated to
assist in the reporting of an emergency. (See Page 49, Figure No. 13,
for a sample spill report flow diagram.)
Any regional staff member at a spill site must ensure that his report
on the severity of the emergency is relayed promptly and accurately to
the regional center. (See Appendix A - Model State Emergency Response
Plan, page 87, for a sample on-scene spill report.)
16
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S*V*A*3"P* tf.*A"e"?°"i?^ F^-5*^', 8 S » "•<" 8 -^s f- 3 •"*<• *S £• ? V ?**
I s\\ E, wAi tirC • PGsuLu » sON oOs^s \ rf
STATE MAP SHOWING REGIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR SPILL REPORTING
i I
TYPICAL COUNTY
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COUMTY BOUNDARY
-ST^TE
BOUNDARY
AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE
NAME : ADDRESS
PHONE
OFFICE HOME
REGIOii tiO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
* Similar to map used in Kansas
FIGURE NO 2 SAMPLE STATE. MAP. SHOWING REGIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR SPILL REPORTING
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00
MUNICIPAL WASTEUATER SPILL REPORT1
NAME OF FACILITY .
LOCATION (CITY) .
OWNER
. (RIVER BASIN)
TELEPHONE
(AREA CODE)
PERSON REPORTING SPILL .
DATE REPORTED
(DAY)
SPILL STARTED (DATE) .
SPILL STOPPED (DATE)
TIHE REPORTED
(MONTH) (YEAR)
(DAY) (MONTH) (YEAR)
(DAY) (MONTH) (YEAR)
. ("HE) .
SPILL VOLUME
SPILL RATE'
. GALLONS IF SPILL STOPPED
MGD IF SPILL CONTINUING
IF SPILL CONTINUING. ESTIMATED DURATION
ESTIMATE TREATMENT AS PERCENT OF NORMAL
IS CHLORINATION BEING PROVIDED
.HOURS
I
YES
DESCRIBE CONDITIONS SURROUNDING SPILL (POWER FAILURE. EQUIPMENT BREAKDOWN. BROKEN LINE.
ACTION TAKEN TO STOP SPILL AND PREVENT REOCCURENCE
ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
OWNER'S PLAN FOR SAMPLING AT SPILL SITE
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE TAKING REPORT
(SIGNATURE)
•Similar to fora used In West Virginia
FILE REFERENCE:
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SPILL REPORT* •
DATE:
MUNICIPALITY
COUNTY
SANITATION DISTRICT
TREATMENT FACILITY
REPORTED BY:
NATURE OF PROBLEM:
SPILL LOCATION:
CORRECTIVE ACTION:
TIME INITIATED:
REMARKS:
REPORT RECEIVED BY:
•Similar to form used In Colorado
FIGURE NO. 3 SAMPLE SPILL REPORT FORMS
TIME:
.A.M.
P.M.
COLLECTION SYSTEM
PHONE NO.
ESTIMATED COMPLETION:
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Reporting Format
To avoid confusion, the emergency response plan should call for all
reports from the spill site to follow a specific format,, The SITREP
(Situation Report) format follows:
10 Situation - Should include location, what happened,
strength and volume of wastewater spilled, extent of
emergency, success of emergency response actions„
2, Action - Summary of all actions taken by the munici-
pality, State, or by others.
30 Plans - All planned actions by municipality, State,
or any others,
4, Recommendations - Any recommendations pertaining to
the response that the State-On-Scene Coordinator has.
50 Status «•» Should indicate whether emergency condition
has ended or, tf continuing, should give details of
conditions existing,
STRIKE FORCES
Introduction
The State emergency response plan should provide for immediate reaction
to spill reports by properly trained and equipped teams and/or indivi-
duals. These strike forces should be tailored to respond to the specific
emergency condition.
Composition and Mission
As a minimum, the strike force will consist of a State-On-Scene Coordi-
nator, The State-On-Scene Coordinator is charged with the responsibil-
ity and delegated the authority for directing the overall operations
19
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of all forces engaged in combating a discharge of raw or inadequately
treated municipal wastewater. This individual may be dispatched from
a State regional response center for regional incidents or may be from
the State water pollution control agency headquarters if the emergency
involves a multi-region or interstate incident. The strike force might
be expanded to include a team to conduct a stream sampling program and/
or sanitary engineering consultants.,
Equipment and personnel solicited by the State to assist a municipality
experiencing an emergency should come under the control of the State-
On-Scene Coordinator, It is possible the State police or highway depart-
ment would be requested to assist during an emergency,
A State may decide to maintain personnel and equipment to respond to
emergencies at municipal wastewater treatment facilities. However, it
is anticipated that most municipalities will be able to provide the
physical necessities through their tn*house capability or through mutual
aid agreementso
The strike forces (in most cases, the State-On-Scene Coordinator) will
be responsible for making the severity analysis. The severity analysis
will determine the degree to which the region and State will respond
to the incident,
State Emergency Response Team*
A State's strike force might take the form of a two-man emergency team.
The personnel on this team should have completed a junior college pro-
gram in sanitary/environmental technology. This team should be under
the direct control of the State water pollution control agency.
The emergency response team members should receive training from sani-
tary engineers, aquatic biologists, and water resource planners. The
* Similar to the "Spill Response Team" proposed by the Ohio Department
of Health,
20
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personnel should also be familiar with municipal wastewater treatment
systems, State water quality standards, and the characteristics of the
State's river basinso Additional training should be given in civil
defense concepts, first aid, and operation of emergency equipment,,
Rehearsals of responses to simulated emergencies should be conducted
with emphasis on actions at the spill site and legal aspects of the
incidento
The head of the State water pollution control agency should place the
emergency response team under the control of the stream monitoring
section of the Agency0 The team's responsibility should include:
lo When so directed, responding to spills of raw or inade-
quately treated municipal wastewater„
20 Conducting a stream sampling program to monitor receiving
stream water quality,, The test results from any sam-
pling program should be recorded in the team's log book.
30 Maintaining a record of all the response actions taken,,
40 Coordinating with owner of municipal facility on emergency
response actions,
50 Ensuring downstream water users are kept informed of
situation,,
60 Providing technical assistance during cleanup.
The following is a partial list of equipment that should be furnished
to the emergency response team:
1. Four-wheel-drive van type vehicle
2. Two way radio communications
3, Small boat with outboard motor and trailer
21
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40 Gasoline driven generator with tools and light sets
50 Breathing apparatus for chlorine gas incidents and
working in sewers
60 Camera
70 Field laboratory with the following testing capability:
Dissolved Oxygen (DU)
Temperature
Residual chlorine
pH
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Solids tests
Color and turbidity
Other
PUBLIC INFORMATION
Introduction
When an emergency response action is initiated, the public must be promptly
and accurately informed about the nature of the emergency and about what
actions are being taken to minimize the environmental impact of the
incident,, To accomplish this goal, a good working relationship must be
established with the news media0 Out of this relationship should come
a mutual understanding of the problems involved and agreements on pro-
cedures to be followed during emergencies„
News Releases
News releases cannot be written in advance, but they should be planned
in advance for water pollution emergencies that may occur0 A planned
format for a news release will facilitate the quick and accurate release
of information to the media during emergencies. A thorough news release
should include at least the following data:
10 Location of incident
20 Extent of spill (volume and strength of waste)
30 Areas and/or facilities that have been affected by the incident
22
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4. Whether or not chlorination is being provided
50 Resources that are being committed to the emergency
6, An estimate of the time required before the emergency
condition will be over
State News Office
A public information officer should be appointed within the State water
pollution control agency to handle emergencies related to spills of raw
or inadequately treated municipal wastewater0 This individual should
provide support to the regional public information officers in his State.
He also will serve as the primary news media contact when an emergency
condition exists which directly involves two or more of the regions of
his State. The State public information officer should assist the
regional officers in preparing a statewide list of the news media to
be contacted during an emergency„ This list should be broken down by
regions within the State,,
The State public information officer should ensure that news conferences
are held at appropriate intervals and that at least two written status
reports are given to the news media each day until the emergency con-
dition is over. Personal or telephone requests from the general public
should be anticipated and provisions made to provide these requests
with the information contained in the latest status report. When the
emergency condition is over, a form letter should be drafted including
all facts related to the incident. This form letter can be sent in
reply to mailed inquiries about the incident. Liaison with adjacent
States is also an important function of the State public information
officer.
Regional News Office
A public information officer should be appointed within the State water
pollution control agency for each region within the State,, This individ-
ual will work closely with the State-On-Scene-Coordinator and the State
public information officer. His duties will be similar to that of the
23
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State officer except that he will function on the regional level„ He
should establish a good working relationship with the local news media
representatives0 It is important that the regional information officer
coordinate with his counterparts in adjacent regions of the State. The
regional officer should look to the State news office for support during
an emergency,, The support might take the form of additional personnel
to handle incoming telephone calls or radio communications with a remote
spill site0
COST RECOVERY
Sample State Cost Recovery Laws
A revolving fund to reimburse the State for money expended in containing
and removing pollution from State waters has been established by several
States. Portions of several State's laws concerning these funds follow:
INDIANA
(Special Fund) All moneys collected pursuant to Section 1 of this chapter shall be
remitted by the officials collecting the same to the Treasurer of the State of Indiana.
and credited to a special account of the State to be established by the Auditor of State
and to be known as the "Environmental Management Special Fund". It is hereby declared
to be the policy of the State of Indiana that the moneys on deposit in the Environmental
Management Special Fund shall be used exclusively for the purposes of the Board and the
Agencies. (Section 1, 1C 1971, Title 13, Chapter 12, Section 2)
OREGON
449.167 Oil Spillage Control Fund; sources; uses.
1. All penalties recovered under ORS 449.995 shall be paid Into an Oil Spillage
Control Fund, which account Is hereby established within the General Fund,
to be administered by the department for the advancement of costs incurred
1n carrying out cleanup activities as outlined in subsections (1), (2) and
(3) of ORS 449.163 and for the rehabilitation of affected fish and wild-
life as provided under ORS 449.103.
2. With the approval of the Commission, the moneys 1n the 011 Spillage Control
Fund may be Invested as provided by ORS 293.701 to 293.776 and earnings from
such Investment shall be credited to the fund.
3. The 011 Spillage Control Fund shall not be used for any purpose other than
that for which the fund was created.
(Oregon Statutes, Ch. 449, 1971 Replacement Part)
24
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CONNECTICUT
Any person, firm or corporation which directly or indirectly causes pollution and
contamination of any waters of the State through the discharge, spillage, seepage, fil-
tration or otherwise of oil or any petroleum or chemical liquid or product shall be
liable for all costs and expenses incurred by said (commission) Commissioner in contain-
ing and removing such pollution and contamination. Upon request of the (chairman of the
water resources commission) Commissioner, the attorney general shall bring a civil action
to recover all such costs and expenses. All costs and expenses so recovered shall be
applied
1. To reimburse the State for all sums of money advanced or expended by 1t
under sections 25-54bb to 25-54hh, inclusive, AS HEREIN AMENDED, in con-
taining and removing any such pollution and contamination.
2. For the general purposes of said sections without further appropriation.
(H.B. No. 9254, Sec. 104)
MASSACHUSETTS
It shall be the duty and responsibility of the division to enhanse the quality and value
of water resources and to establish a program for the prevention, control and abatement
of water pollution. Said division will:
(10) Undertake Immediately, whenever there 1s spillage, seepage or other
discharge of oil Into any of the waters of the commonwealth or into
any offshore waters which may result in damage to the waters, shores
or natural resources utilized or enjoyed by citizens of the common-
wealth to cause said spillage, seepage or discharge to be contained
and removed by whatever method it considers best....
The division shall determine the person responsible for causing such spillage, seepage
or discharge and the names of all persons who owned or controlled the oil or who owned
or controlled or leased the vessel, tank, pipe, hose or other container in which the
oil was located when the spillage, seepage or discharge occurred. Said persons shall
be jointly and severally liable to the commonwealth for all costs and expenses incurred
by the division in making such investigation, and in containing and removing the oil,
and shall be jointly and severally liable to the commonwealth for all damages done to
natural and recreational resources, including all costs of restoring damaged areas to
their original condition, and to any other person for any damages to his reap and per-
sonal property...
Upon request of the director, the attorney general shall bring an action to recover all
costs and expenses Incurred for such investigation, containment, removal and restoration.
Such costs and expenses shall be recovered in an action of tort, and shall be credited
to the account from which said sums of money had been advanced and may, subject to appro-
priation, be expended by the division for the purposes set forth in this clause. In any
such action the commonwealth may also seek recovery for all lost and damage to the natural
and recreational resources of the commonwealth. (Ch. 21, Sec. 27, Clean Waters Act as
amended through the Acts of 1970)
25
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CALIFORNIA
Article 3. State Water Pollution Cleanup and Abatement Account
13440. There is in the State Water Quality Control Fund the State Water
Pollution Cleanup and Abatement Account (hereinafter called the
"account"), to be administered by the State board.
13441. There is to be paid into the account all moneys from.the following
sources:
(a) All moneys appropriated by the legislature for the account.
(b) All moneys contributed to the account by any person and
accepted by the State board.
(c) One-half of all moneys collected by way of criminal penalty
and all moneys collected civilly under any proceeding brought
pursuant to any provision of this division.
i •
(d) All moneys'collected by the State board for the account
under Section 13304.
All moneys paid into the account are available without regard to fiscal
years, for expenditure by the State board in accordance with the pro-
visions of this article.
13441.5 The State Treasurer, when requested by the State board and approved by
the Director of Finance, shall transfer moneys in the nature of a
loan from the State Water Quality Control Fund to the account created
pursuant to Section 13440, which shall be repayable from the account
to such fund; provided, that the moneys transferred from the fund
to the account shall not exceed the sum of twenty-five thousand
dollars ($25,000) at any one time.
(Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 918)
13442. Upon application by a public agency with authority to clean up a
waste or abate the effects thereof, the State board may order moneys
to be paid from the account to the agency to assist it in cleaning
up the waste or abating its effects on waters of the State. The
agency shall not become liable to the State board for repayment
of such moneys, but this shall not be any defense to an action
brought pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 13304 for'the
recovery of moneys paid, hereunder.
(Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act)
26
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Cost Recovery Recommendations
All States have a system of fines to be imposed on owners of municipal
wastewater treatment facilities for violations of State water quality
standards. Treatment system owners should also be liable to the State
for the reasonable cost of cleanup. Revenues from these two sources
should be placed in a revolving fund to provide public agencies with
money to pay for cleanup activities. Reimbursable costs include travel
expenses and the cost of supplies procured specifically for response to
an incident. Funds should not be used for costs which would have been
incurred during normal operations and functions performed in support of
any enforcement actions.
SYSTEM OF FINES
Sample State Systems
All States have a system of penalties and fines for violations of water
pollution control laws and regulations. These existing systems can be
used to help enforce the requirements for reporting spills or raw or
inadequately treated municipal wastewater. Fines collected can be placed
in a revolving fund for use in cleaning up spills,, Portions of several
State's laws dealing with penalties and fines follow:
CONNECTICUT
Any person or municipality which knowingly violates any provision of this chater shall
forfeit to the State a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars, to be fixed by the court,
for each offense. Each violation shall be a separate and distinct offense, and, in case
of a continuing violation, each day's continuance thereof shall be deemed to be a separate
and distinct offense. (Public Act 872, House Bill No. 9254, Sec. 93)
FLORIDA
Violation is punishable by a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for the first offense
and of not more than $5,000 for each offense thereafter. Each day during any portion of
which such violation occurs constitutes a separate offense. (Air and Water Pollution
Control Act, Chapter 403.161)
GEORGIA
....Any person violating any provision of this Act or failing, neglecting, or refusing to
comply with any final order of the Board issued as herein provided, shall be liable to a
penalty not to exceed $1,000 for said violation and an additional penalty not to exceed
$500 for each day during which such violation continues, and, in addition thereto, such
person may be enjoined from continuing such violation as hereinbefore provided....
(Georgia Water Quality Control Act, as amended through 1971, Section 22A)
27
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INDIANA
Sect. 1 (C1v1l Penalties) (a) Any person who violates any provision of this article,
or any regulation or standard adopted pursuant to this article, or who violates any
determination or order of the board or an agency made pursuant to this article, shall
be liable to a penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for the first day
of any violation and an additional penalty not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000)
for each additional day of continuing violation.... (Section 1, 1C 1971, Title 13,
Chapter 13)
Recommendations For A System of Fines
The systems of fines and penalties used by different States vary
widely as illustrated by the four States cited above. The concept of
using each day of continued violation as a separate offense is used by
most States. Placing an upper limit on fines is a just method to enable
an owner to estimate his maximum fine0 The minimum fine, if used,
should be low enough to achieve maximum flexibility in the system. The
exact monetary values for the maximum and minimum fines should be estab-
lished by each State based on their individual experiences with pollu-
tion incidents.
RESPONSE CENTERS
State Response Center
The purpose of the State response center is to provide facilities for
coordination and control of response actions that involve a multiregion
or interstate incident. The facilities should include necessary office
space, adequate communications, access to a technical library, infor-
mation on water quality and water uses of streams within the State,
access to a computer capability for stream modeling, and maps showing
all waste discharges, river intakes, and recreation areas along the
streams of the State. A room should be available for use as a "Situa-
tion Room" where maps and communications equipment can be installed.,
From this room the response actions can be monitored and plotted. The
facilities and technical, administrative, and clerical staff of the
State response center should be available to support request for assis-
tance from any regional center within the State0 Figure No» 4 shows a
sample floor plan for a State emergency response center.
28
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REGIONAL
MAP
0
STATE
MAP
0
FACILITY FLOW
DIAGRAM
DIRECTOR
STATE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCY
ON-DUTY
OFFICER
JPERATION/
1AINTENANCE
iPECIALISTS
SEVERITY
ANALYSIS
STREAM
POLLUTION
SPECIALISTS
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
STATUS BOARD
CHALK
BOARD
D
BULLETIN
BOARD
D
RECEIVING STREAM
MAP
i ii ii
Figure No. 4 Sample: Floor Plan - State Emergency Response Center
*S1milar to floor plan in Virginia's "Natural Disaster Assistance Relief Plan"
The logical location for the State response center would be the head- .
quarters offices of the State water pollution control agency,, This
agency generally possesses most of the desired capabilities as part of
their normal operations. In most cases minor augmentation to existing
facilities will be sufficient. The keys to an efficiently operated
response center are adequate communications and staffing. Key personnel
at the State response center should have alternates that have been pre-
selected and trainedo The State public information officer should
operate from the center during an emergency„
29
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Regional Response Center
The regional response centers should be selected by the group developing
the State emergency response plan. These regional centers will form the
network that will determine whether or not the State plan will function
properly.
The basic needs of these centers will be adequate communications and up-
to-date maps of the streams within their respective regions. These
regional centers will be used to relay situation reports and support
requests from the State-On-Scene Coordinator to the State response cen-
ter. The critiques of actual emergency responses should tell whether
or not the location and/or facilities of the regional centers are proper.
The State-On-Scene Coordinator should be in continuous contact with the
regional center. This will ensure prompt and efficient response actions.
The regional centers could be located at the State water pollution con-
trol agencies' regional offices as these locations are generally selected
for communication capability and proximity to area of responsibility.
The regional centers could be staffed by the agencies' personnel in that
region or by personnel from the State headquarters.
30
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SECTION VI
LOCAL ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
If a State is to have an effective program for responding to municipal
wastewater treatment plant emergencies, all the individual treatment
systems within the State must have emergency plans of their own. This
section contains information on the local aspects of emergency planning
and should assist persons at both the State and local level in preparing
and evaluating a treatment system's emergency plans. The EPA has devel-
oped a manual entitled "Emergency Operating Procedures For Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Facilities", under Contract No. 68-01-0341 to pro-
vide detailed information on emergency planning for individual treatment
systernso
GENERAL
Objectives
The objectives of an emergency response program are to:
1. Eliminate or minimize adverse effects from emergency
situations affecting the treatment system,,
20 Develop procedures for properly responding to emer-
gencieso
3. Provide instruction for system personnel to ensure that
they understand their responsibilities during emer-
gency situations,
40 Provide inventories of available emergency equipment
and outline existing mutual aid agreements and contracts
with outside organizations for specialized assistance.
31
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Natural Disaster and Civil Disorder
A study should, be performed to determine the potential for natural dis-
aster and civil disorder in the area where the municipal wastewater
treatment system is located., The following natural disasters should
be investigated:
1. Floods
20 Tornadoes and Windstorms
30 Hurricanes and Storm Surges
40 Forest and Grass Fires
5. Earthquakes
60 Landslides
7. Tsunami (Tidal Wave)
8. Volcanoes
9. Snow and Ice Storms
10. Droughts
This study will result in a priority list to use in performing the
various system vulnerability analyses0 For example, in areas that
have a history of frequent hurricanes, the treatment system should be
prepared to continue operation under the emergency conditions imposed
on that system by a hurricane.
Vulnerability Analysis
A vulnerability analysis of a treatment system is an estimation of the
degree to which that system is adversely affected, in relation to the
function it must perform, by an emergency condition. Such an analysis
is necessary if an effective emergency plan is to be prepared„
The following steps should be followed in making a vulnerability analysis:
!„ List components of treatment system„
2. Select emergency condition to be investigated.
32
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3. Estimate effects of emergency condition on each component
of system; use vulnerability worksheet.
40 Estimate treatment system's ability to perform its intended
function during the emergency.
5, If system fails to perform, identify key system components
responsible for the failure.
A sample vulnerability analysis can be found in the EPA manual entitled
"Emergency Operating Procedures For Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Facilities", under Contract No. 68-01-0341, Figure No. 5 is a sample
vulnerability analysis worksheet,
Methods to Reduce System Vulnerability
The emergency response program should indicate priorities for repair
of the system and alternate provisions in case of light or severe damage(
The following methods can be employed to reduce the system's vulner-
ability o
1, An optimum preventive maintenance and testing program,,
20 Duplication and separation of vital works0
30 Minimizing dependence on power and pumping„
40 Flexibility in operation of treatment works.
5, Maintenance of adequate chemical supplies.
6» Provision of dual power sources, on-site storage of
fuel and auxiliary power units, remote and/or automated
controls, and ready conversion of automatic controls
to manual operation,
33
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VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
TREATMENT SYSTEM:
ASSUMED EMERGENCY:
DESCRIPTION OF EMERGENCY:
SYSTEM
COMPONENT
EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY
TYPE AND EXTENT
PREVENTION
RECOMMENDATIONS
Collection Lines
Pumping Stations
FIGURE NO. 5. VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
34
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VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
SYSTEM
COMPONENT
EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY
TYPE AND EXTENT
PREVENTION
RECOMMENDATIONS
PRETREATMENT
CLARIFICATION
SECONDARY UNITS
FIGURE NO. 5 CONTINUED
35
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VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
SYSTEM
COMPONENT
EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY
TYPE & EXTENT
PREVENTION
RECOMMENDATIONS
SLUDGE HANDLING
ADVANCED TREATMENT
POWER SUPPLY
FIGURE NO. 5 CONTINUED
36
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VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
SYSTEM
COMPONENT
EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY
TYPE AND EXTENT
PREVENTION
RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS
PERSONNEL
DATE:
ANALYST:
FIGURE NO. 5 CONTINUED
37
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70 Provision of portable pumps with fuel-operated
units.,
8. Provision at major pumping stations of more than
one incoming and discharge pipeline,,
9. Training of regular and auxiliary personnel- in
emergency operations and procedures. Training
should be a combination of classroom instruction
and on-the-job training.
10. Conducting emergency operations exercises period-
ically.
11. Provide proper tools in adequate supply and in the
proper location,, A tool and work room or shop is a
necessity and should be in proportion to the plant
size,
LOCAL PLANS
Emergency Planning Responsibilities
The municipal wastewater treatment system director should have overall
responsibility for the emergency response program. The wastewater
treatment superintendent and the collection system superintendent are
responsible for implementing the emergency program within their respec-
tive areas and they report directly to the treatment system director.
If the treatment system is organized so that a single individual is in
charge of the treatment facilities arid the collection system, then this
facility superintendent has overall responsibility for the emergency
operations plans»
38
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The wastewater treatment system management should be familiar with the
Disaster Relief Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-606)0 Management also should
be familiar with the Office of Emergency Preparedness Circular 400005C,
Manual for Applications, Federal Disaster Assistance Program0 If
management is familiar with the procedures described in these docu-
ments, it will ensure that Federal assistance is received in a prompt
and efficient manner0
Mutual Aid Agreements
A list of mutual aid agreement alternatives should be prepared. The
following is a partial list of organizations to be considered:
lo Other community divisions
2, Consulting engineers for the facility
3. Industrial firms
4. Construction companies
50 Electric, gas and telephone utilities
60 Fire and police departments
70 Civil defense organization
80 Health department
90 Local ham radio station operators
A sample mutual aid agreement form is shown in Figure No. 6 and Figure
No. 7 is a sample mutual aid agreements/contracts sheet.
Emergency Inventory
An inventory should be made of equipment, materials and chemicals that
are available within the treatment system, A sample wastewater treat-
ment system emergency inventory worksheet is shown in Figure No, 80
Using this inventory and the results of the system vulnerability analy-
sis, any additional emergency equipment/supplies required may be pur-
chased and stockpiled and/or arrangements made to obtain these items
through mutual aid agreements or outside contracts, A sample emergency
inventory sheet is shown in Figure No. 9.
39
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SAMPLE
MUTUAL-AID AGREEMENT*
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS COULD ARISE IN A MUNICIPALITY'S WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEM THAT WOULD REQUIRE ASSISTANCE FROM AN ADJOINING
MUNICIPALITY TO RESTORE NORMAL OPERATION.
IF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION ARISES IN OR
(City)
THE OFFICIALS IN BOTH MUNICIPALITIES AGREE
(City)
TO SUPPORT EACH OTHER DURING THE EMERGENCY.
EACH CITY HAS A CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES AFFECTING
ITS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM. THE AGREES TO
SUPPORT _______ _ IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: __
(City) TFirefighting,'
Rescue Crews, Communications, Portable Ch Tori nation, Operational/
Maintenance, Personnel, etc.)
TO
THE EXTENT POSSIBLE UPON REQUEST INITIATED BY:
Name Name
Title Title
City City
PERSONNEL RESPONDING TO THE REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT
WILL REMAIN UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE CITY PROVIDING THEM.
Signed Signed
Name Name
Title Title
City City
*Similar to format suggested by Planning Section, Virginia Office of Civil
Defense.
FIQURE NO. 6 SAMPLE MUTUALW\JD AGREEMENT FORM
40
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SAMPLE MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS/CONTRACTS SHEET
NAME
Public Works Department
City Water Department
DESCRIPTION OF ASSISTANCE
Department of Parks maintains 1,000 feet of
6 inch quick coupling aluminum pipe that is
available to assist treatment system during
emergencies.
Water Department maintains 2 portable chlorinat-
ors which can be used for emergencies within
the wastewater treatment system.
COORDINATION INFORMATION
To obtain pipe contact Dept. of
Parks (Phone) during normal
working hours or call city
switchboard (Phone) after normal
working hours.
Contact Water Department Supt.
(Phone) or operator on duty at
main filter plant (Phone).
ABC Construction Company
ACME Welding Co.
4 tractor mounted back-hoes are available
on a 24-hour basis.
Machine shop facilities and a portable
welding machine are available on a 24-hour
basis.
Contact company main office
(Phone) or after hours call
John Doe, Equipment foreman (Phone)
Call: (Phone) Office
(Phone) Home
(Phone) Home
FIGURE NO. 7. SAMPLE MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS/CONTRACTS SHEET
-------
WASTEUATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
EMERGENCY INVENTORY
SYSTEM:
PREPARED BY:
DATE:
(Signature)
DUPLICATE EQUIPMENT IN STOCK
DESCRIPTION
MAKE
SIZE
TYPE
VOLTAGE
HP
CAPACITY
NO.
PARTS & COMPONENTS IN STOCK
DESCRIPTION
SIZE
NO.
APPLICATION IN SYSTEM
]
FIGURE NO. 8 SAMPLE INVENTORY WORKSHEET
42
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EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT & REPAIR TOOLS
DESCRIPTION
^
NO.
APPLICATION IN SYSTEM
PIPE
SIZE
TYPE
LENGTH
AVERAGE
CHEMICAL
STOCK
TYPE
FORM
QUANTITY
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
MAPS AND'FACILITY LAYOUT DETAILS
FIGURE 110. 8 CONTINUED
OFFICIAL /AUTHORIZING
INVENTORY
43
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EMERGENCY INVENTORY
LOCATION
PUMPS
PIPE
CHLORINATORS
EQUIPMENT
GENERATORS HEAVY EQUIPMENT COMMUNICATIONS
MISC.
CHEMICALS
PERSONNEL
(NAME OF
MUNICIPALITY:
SANITARY OIST.
OR INDUSTRY)
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
TWO PORTABLE
GASOLINE-
POWERED
6" PUMPS
600' OF 4"
LIGHTWEIGHT
QUICK-COUPLINfi
ALUMINUM PIPE
ONE MOBILE
CHLORINATOR,
300 LBS.
PER 24-HR.
CAPACITY
TWO-40 KW,
110/208 VOLT
GASOLINE DRIVEN
ELECTRIC GEN-
ERATOR SETS
TWO DUMP
TRUCKS 5 CU. YD,
CAPACITY
ONE 35-TON
CAPACITY MOBILE
CRANE
ONE, AIR
COMPRESSOR,
125 CFM,
100 PSI
ONE,
PORTABLE
ARC WELD 1 MO
MACH 1 NE
FIFTY 100 LB.
BAGS OF LIME
TWO
EXPERIENCED
LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS
ONE
EXPERIENCED
INSTRUMENT
TECHNICIAN
FIGURE NO. 9 SAMPLE EMERGENCY INVENTORY SHEET
-------
Treatment Fadltty Records
A program should be developed for the protection of essential records,
maps and inventories. It is especially important that maintenance crews
and service vehicles be provided with maps and current records showing
location and condition of collection lines. Full size copies of maps
and other detail sheets should be reviewed, updated each year, and kept
in a vault that is not subject to flooding. Copies of the layouts of
important pumping installations can also be kept here. These items are
available for immediate use and can be reproduced as required. These
records are readable and do not have to be processed by any further
mechanical steps.
Industrial Waste Inventory
An inventory should be made of all industrial contributors to the munic-
ipal treatment system. Each industry should be located on a collection
system map and a list of the potential hazardous spill materials pre-
sent prepared. The names and phone numbers of key personnel with each
industry should also be listed. Consideration should be given to in-
stalling industrial waste monitoring equipment in the sewer network at
critical locations. A sample industrial waste inventory form is shown
in Figure No. 10.
INDUSTRIAL HASTE INVENTORY*
Industrial Waste Description/
Name 4 Location Pretreatment Provided Key Personnel
Industries should be List waste by comon name, chemical Give names, titles
In alphabetical order. nomenclature, and trade name If and phone numbers
Location should 1n- applicable. Also list any other of all key personnel.
elude manhole where hazardous materials on hand that At least one number
Industrial waste can potentially enter municipal should be designated
enters municipal treatment system and give neutrt- as a 24 hour a day
system. I1z1ng agents If applicable. number.
Describe pretreatment system.
SAMPLE
Acme Mfg. Co. • Waste 1s acidic, pH below 4.0 due John Doe
Industrial waste to presence of sulfurlc acid, Plant Manager
Is discharged Into H-SO.. There exists potential (Phone)
manhole at Inter- for 3 spill of concentrated sul-
section of Main ' ferlc add which can be neutral- Bill Smith
St. and Church St. Ized with strong basic materials Maintenance Supt.
such as lime. No pretreatment (Phone)
Is provided.
Plant Security
Office
(Phone)"
••24-hour number
•Inventory should be cross-referenced using common names of chemicals/materials found under
Industrial Waste Description.
FIGURE NO. 10 SAMPLE: INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY
45
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Coordination with Police and Fire Departments
The treatment system's emergency response program should be coordinated
with the local police and fire departments. Consideration should be
given to the items in the following checklists:
Police Department Checklist:
1. Critique existing treatment system security measures.
20 Make routine checks of treatment facility and pumping
stations.
3. Notify treatment plant in the event of a street spill
of hazardous materials.
4. Be prepared to assist during emergencies within the
treatment system.
Fire Department Checklist:
1. Routinely check fire fighting equipment within the
facility and inspect facility for potential fire
hazardso
20 Provide first aid instruction to treatment system
personnel.
3. Coordinate with treatment system personnel on safety
precautions to be used with chlorine gas.
40 Check representative sewer manholes for explosive
gases or liquids such as leakage from filling station
gasoline tanks.
46
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Emergency Response Cards
All regular and auxiliary wastewater treatment system's personnel should
be issued an emergency response card. The cards are prepared by the
group developing the treatment system's overall emergency program,, Each
individual should familiarize himself with the data contained on his
card. This information outlines what tasks and responsibilities he has
for given emergency situations. Figure No, 11 is a sample emergency
response card.
Treatment system personnel should also be given identification cards
with their pictures attached. These cards will permit personnel to
gain access to areas that may be restricted during an emergency.
SAMPLE
EMERGENCY RESPONSE CARD*
( NAME OF CITY ) WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
EMERGENCY RESPONSE CARD
NAME: Oohn . J. Jones
(FIRST )( MIDDLE )( LAST )
NORMAL DUTY ASSIGNMENT: Mechanics Helper
EMERGENCY EMERGENCY
SITUATION: ASSIGNMENT:
Pump Station Report to Maintenance Shop
Power Failure and stand by to serve on
emergency crew for portable'
pumps. (Give Name of. Crew Chief)
Mechanical Equipment Report to maintenance foreman (Give
Failure Name) in treatment plant main
control building for assignment.
Chlorine Gas Leak Assist senior mechanic to correct
problem. Pick up air packs and
chlorine cylinder repair kit
located in main control building.
Natural Disaster or Try to contact Emergency Response
Civil Disorder Center to determine if conditions
require you to report to maintenance
shop. If you are told to report
for duty, your supervisor is (Give
Name).
* Similar to cards 1n Virginia's "NATURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE RELIEF PLAN".
FIGURE NO. 11 SAMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE CARD
47
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Emergency Response Center
A study should be made to determine the location, facilities, and
staffing of the treatment system's emergency response center and
alternate center. In most cases, the emergency response center
will be located in the main building of the treatment facility.
The senior operator on duty should be responsible for the center
and all individuals who perform this function must be adequately
trained and thoroughly familiar with the emergency response program.
A main control panel at the emergency response center should contain
the pumping station high water/power failure alarms and the high
water alarms for critical manhole locations,, Upon receipt of an
alarm, the operator on duty should dispatch the on-call maintenance
crew to the scene of the alarm. A current telephone call list
should be maintained at the emergency center as well as collection
system maps and treatment facility piping and wiring diagrams,, Figure
No, 12 is a sample telephone call list for a municipality.
TELEPHONE CALL LIST FOR A MUNICIPALITY
OPERATOR
ON
DUTY
STATE WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL
A;ENCY
1
MAINTENANCE
SUPERVISOR
PUBLIC
WORKS
DEPT.
1
FACILIT
SUPERISTEf
1
CHIEF
OPERATOR
; 1 __ OB-SCENE
CITY
MASAGER
1
CHIEF
CXEKIST
•
POLICE
FIRE
"T"
COMBUST18LE OR TOH1C MATERIAL SPILL
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY HAKE • EMERGENCY PHOflE
1.
2.
).
4.
5.
FIGURE «0. 12 SAMPLE TELEPHONE CALL LIST FOR A MUNICIPALITY
48
-------
When emergency condition notices are received by telephone at the
emergency response center, the operator on duty should have a procedure
to ensure all pertinent information surrounding the emergency is
accurately recorded and forwarded to the proper agency. Figure No0 13
is a sample spill report flow diagram.
SPILL REPORT FLOW DIAGRAM
INDUSTRIAL •
SPILL
^-
PUMP STATION
OVERFLOW
TREATMENT COLLECTION LINE STREET
SPILL PROBLEM SPILL
^^^
ALERT WATER USERS
IMMEDIATELY BELOW
SPILL SITE
S
^
^^^
ALERT FACILITY
OWNER
\
ALERT
MUNICIPALITIES,
INDUSTRIES, ETC.
DOWNSTREAM
xl/
^
^
^ INITIATE
Am ON
/
STATE EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS CENTER
\
^ \
REGIONAL
EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS
CENTER
INITIATE RESPONSE
/
/ •• \|/ x|/
DISPATCH OTHER
SAMPLING STATE
TEAM AGENCIES
INTERSTATE FEDERAL
AGENCIES AGENCIES
I s I
DISPATCH
ON-SCENE
COORDINATOR
TO SPILL
PREPARE
PRESS
RELEASES
1 S_ \
ESTIMATE
SEVERITY
OF
SPILL
REQUEST
ASSISTANCE
AS
REQUIRED
FIGURE HO. 13 SAMPLE SPILL REPORT FLOW DIAGRAM
Auxi1i ary Personnel
Based on the results of the system vulnerability analysis, the person
preparing the emergency plan can make recommendations on auxiliary
personnel needs0
49
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Conditions can occur for which the treatment system is not adequately
staffed or during which staff members are not able to reach their assigned
emergency positionso Auxiliary personnel obtained from other departments
within the local government or through mutual aid agreements should be
trained as backups for the regular staffo Procedures for alerting these
auxiliary personnel should be clearly outlined and drills should be con-
ducted to keep these personnel up-to-date on emergency operating pro-
cedures.
Process Diagrams
Process diagrams should be developed to show how treatment units may
be bypassed during emergencies or to help pinpoint problem areas when
emergencies arise,, These diagrams would show all treatment units within
the facility, valve arrangements and settings for various conditions
and splitter box locations with their function described,,
Emergency Response Critique
A procedure should be established to let the treatment system owner
critique responses to emergency situations. The areas that should be
critiqued include:
1. Performance of automatic alarm system
20 Performance of emergency standby equipment
3, Response time reasonable
40 Personnel training adequate
50 Mutual aid agreements and/or contracted assistance adequate
6. Emergency equipment/supplies adequate
70 Treatment process flexibility
8, Adequacy of emergency procedures
Emergency Operating and Response Program - Operation and Maintenance
Manual Chapter
The following are general considerations for preparing the Emergency
Operating and Response Program Chapter of an operation and maintenance
manual:
50
-------
1, Recommend a sewer ordinance for the protection of the
collection system, treatment facility, receiving waters,
and the public,,
2. Recommend a system for maintaining adequate engineering
drawings of the wastewater treatment system.
30 Provide facilities for chlorination during emergencies
affecting the system,,
40 Outline procedure for notifying Federal/State Regulatory
Agencies of discharges of raw or inadequately treated
wastes.
5. Suggest a program to eliminate storm flows and illegal
connections to the sanitary sewers.
60 Recommend staffing of the system with sufficient, numbers
of trained personnel„
7, Suggest an inspection program for remote pumping stations,
80 Provide an alarm system for all remote pumping stations
and at critical manholes for flood flows and gas.
9» Provide recommendations on accepting discharges from
septic tank trucks„
10o Outline State monthly reporting requirements for pump
station failures,,
11o Ensure adequate laboratory facilities and personnel
are provided to detect and monitor emergencies affect-
ing effluent characteristics.
51
-------
120 List required emergency equipment for response to
emergencies involving chlorine gas,.
130 Recommend a system for recording on-the-job injuries
with emphasis on prevention measures.
140 List all safety equipment required (safety harness,
devices to measure flammability of an atmosphere, and
devices to measure oxygen in an atmosphere)„
15. Set up a first aid training program for facility per-
sonnel and recommend type and number of industrial first
aid kits to be maintained.
16, Recommend a procedure to ensure all personnel receive
tetanus toxoid inoculations and typhoid vaccine inocu-
lations on a regular basis.
170 Outline a drill schedule for proper use of emergency
breathing equipment.
180 Give preventive maintenance schedule for all emergency
alarm systerns„
19. Develop a list of industrial process chemicals that
might enter the treatment system.
20. Recommend that a list of downstream and upstream water
users be prepared. (Water intakes, recreation areas,
shellfish beds, etca)
21. Discuss problems that will exist upon failure or shutdown
of major treatment system components with respect to
effluent quality, effect on receiving stream and potential
health hazard.
52
-------
220 Outline corrective maintenance procedures to be employed
to eliminate or minimize bypassing of treatment units,,
23„ Recommend coordination between the treatment system emer-
gency response program and local civil defense activities.
24. State the potential for various natural disasters in the
area where the treatment system is located„
25. Suggest mutual aid agreement alternatives and recommend
a standard mutual aid agreement form.
26. Prepare an emergency equipment inventory for the treat-
ment system,,
27. Suggest that the treatment system prepare a list of key
personnel at local utility companies and request the local
telephone company give treatment system calls priority
during a disaster.,
28. Outline auxiliary personnel requirements,
29. Recommend a system for receipt of emergency reports on
a 24-hour-a-day, 7-day-a~week basis,
30. Develop an emergency response program organization chart.
31. Provide guidelines for an emergency response center
(location, facilities, and staffing),
32. Prepare treatment process flow diagrams for use in
emergencies.
53
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33. Prepare diagrams showing how emergency reports are
received and relayed to appropriate personnel,,
34. Provide owner with sample vulnerability worksheets so
he may continually upgrade his emergency response
program.
NOTE: For additional information on emergency plan preparation,
the EPA manual entitled "Considerations For Preparation of
Operation and Maintenance Manuals", Contract No0 68-01-0341
should be consulted,,
54
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SECTION VII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The support of the project by the Office of Water Programs Operations,
received from the Water Quality Office, U0 S0 Environmental Protection
Agency, and the help provided by Mr. Lehn J. Potter, the Project Officer,
is acknowledged with appreciation,.
55
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SECTION VIII
REFERENCES
1. Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, PL 91-224.
2. Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, 33 USC 1151.
3. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, Report of
the Committee on Public Works of the House of Representatives, MR
11896 (Report 92-911).
4. Senate Bill to Amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, S.
2770 (Report No. 92-414).
5. Refuse Act of 1899 (33 USC 407 et seq.).
6. Oil Pollution and Hazardous Substances Control Act of 1968.
7. EPA, National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
Plan, August 1971.
8. EPA Region III Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
Plan for Inland Navigable Waters, Philadelphia, October 1971.
9. Ohio Basin Region Multiagency Oil and Hazardous Materials Contingency
Plan, Preliminary (May 1970).
10. Oil and Hazardous Materials Contingency Plan for Prevention, Con-
tainment and Cleanup for the State of Maine (January 1970).
11. Port of Los Angeles Oil Spill Contingency Plan, City of Los Angeles,
California (1970).
12. Lazarchik, D. A., "Pennsylvania's Pollution Incident Prevention
Program," Paper presented at the 25th annual Purdue Industrial
Waste Conference, May 5-7, 1970.
56
-------
13. Preventing Stream Pollution from Oil Pipeline Breaks, Ohio River
Valley Water Sanitation Commission, Cincinnati, Ohio (Sept; 1950).
14. Program for Reporting Accidental Spills in the Potomac River Basin
(Jan. 1972).
15. U. S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division,
Guideline for Regional Plans.
16. U. S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division,
Agenda for Disaster Planning Session.
17. U. S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division,
National Guidelines for Disaster Assistance Planning and Procedures.
18. U. S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division,
Local Government Disaster Assistance Checklists.
19. Pollutional Effects of Stormwater and overflows from Combined Sewer
Systems, PHS Publication No. 1246, November 1964.
20. D. Shirt 1 and E. F. Gloyna, "Transport of Dissolved Wastes in Rivers,"
J. San. Eng. Div. Proc. ASCE 95, SA6, 995 (1969).
21. R. L. Michel, A. L. Pelmoter and R. C. Palange, "Operation and mainte-
nance of Municipal Waste Treatment Plants," 0. WPCF 41, 3, Part 1,
335-54 (March 1969).
22. Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 3, 1, 15 (Jan. 1969).
23. Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 4, 1, 10 (Jan. 1970).
24. Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 4, 9, 716 (Sept. 1970).
25. R. B. Robie, "Water Pollution: An Affirmative Response by the
California Legislature," Published in Environmental Law Review -
1970, H. F. Sherrod, Jr., (Ed.), Sage Hill Publishers, Inc., Albany,
New York.
57
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26. Emergency Plan, Department of Transportation AC No: 150/5200-17;
Date: 5 Feb. '72.
27. Dawson, G. W., et al., "Control of Spillage of Hazardous Polluting
Substances." FWQA, U. S. Dept. of the Int., 15090 FOZ 10/70 (1970).
28. Nedved, T. K., Fochtman, E. G., Langdon, W. M., and Sullivan, F. 0.,
"Instrumentation for Measurement of Wastewater Flow". Journal Hater
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 44, 820 (1972).
29. King. P. V., Betz, J. M., "Earthquake Damage to a Sewer System."
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation. Vol. 44, 820 (1972).
30. "West Virginia Industrial Spills and Hazard Alerts Plan," (1972).
31. Proceedings of the 1972 National Conference on Control of Hazardous
Materials Spills.
32. "National Water Emergency Plan," Journal ANNA, p. 132, Feb. 1965.
33. "Spill Prevention Techniques for Hazardous Polluting Substances."
EPA, Water Quality Office, Division of Oil and Hazardous Materials,
Feb. 1971.
34. Klein, W. L., Dunsmore, P. A. and Horton, R. K., "An Integrated
Monitoring System for Water Quality Management in the Ohio Valley."
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 2, P. 764-771, Oct. 1968.
35. "Rules for the Operation of HATS", Memorandum, December 23, 1971,
Virginia State Water Control Board.
36. Civil Defense Aspects of Waterworks Operations, Office of Civil
Defense, Department of Defense, FG-F 3.6, June 1966.
37. Lacy, W. J., "Civil Defense Planning". Journal AWWA, Vol. 55, No. 10,
Oct. '63.
58
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38. Commonwealth of Virginia, Emergency Management of Water Resources.
39. Commonwealth of Virginia Stage II Test Emergency Resource Management
Plan.
40. "Emergency Planning for Water Utility Management Handbook", Journal
AWWA. Jan. 1972.
41. Wedeman, J. D., "Establishing Emergency Operating Procedures for
Water Systems." Journal AWWA, Vol. 46, 6, 514 (1954).
42. Wade, J. A. Jr., "Organization of a Master Disaster Plan." Journal
AWWA, Vol. 51, No. 2, 163 (1959).
43. Fisher, L. M., et al, "Meeting Major Emergencies in Water Supply."
Journal AWHA. Vol. 40. No. 11, 1141 (1948).
44. "Sub-State District Systems". Report of the National Governor's Con-
ference Committee on Executive Management and Financial Affairs Ad-
visory Task Force. Council of State Governments, RM-468, September
1971.
45. Haskell, E. H., et al, "Managing the Environment: Nine States Look
for New Answers", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
Smithsonian Institute, April 1971.
46. Wright, James F., Executive Director, Delaware River Basin Commission,
Personal Communication (1972).
47. Moore, Glenn E., Assistant Director, Technical Services Division,
Virginia State Water Control Board, Personal Communication (1972).
48. Campbell, Richard D., Chief of Operations, Water and Wastewater
Distribution and Collection, Charlotte, North Carolina, Personal
Communication (1972).
59
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.49. Lohmeyer, George, .U.ti.l-ities Director, Fort Lauderdale, Florida,
Personal Communication (1972).
50. "California Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan" (Draft - 1972).
51. Colorado Department of Health, Water Pollution Control Division,
Report of Waste Discharge Form and Spill Report Form.
52. "Procedure and Directory for Reporting Spills of Oil and Hazardous
Materials", Colorado Department of Health.
53. Vasuki, N. C., Manager, Water Resources Section, Division of Environ-
mental Control, State of Delaware, Personal Communication (1972).
54. Soneda, Shinji, Chief, Environmental Health Division, Department of
Health, State of Hawaii, Personal Communication (1972).
55. Stokes, L. W., Ph.D., Chief, Water Pollution Control Section,
Environmental Protection Division, Department of Health, State of
Idaho, Personal Communication (1972).
56. "Contingency Plan for the Control of Oil and Hazardous Materials",
State of Indiana.
57. Hert, 0. H., Director, Division of Water Pollution Control, State
Board of Health, State of Indiana, Personal Communication (1972).
50. Burn's, N. J., Chief, Water Quality Control, Kansas State Department
of Health, Personal Communication (1972).
59. Regan, H. D., Jr., Chief Sanitary Engineer, Division of Water
Pollution Control, Kentucky Water Pollution Control Commission,
Personal Communication (1972).
60. "Waterworks Warning Network Plan, Lower Mississippi River", January,
1972.
60
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61. Gormley, G. C., Chief, Bureau of Hater Pollution Control, Environ-
mental Improvement Commission, State of Maine, Personal Communication
(1972).
62. Bingley, W. M., P.E., Chief, Division of Water and Sewerage, Environ-
mental Health Administration, State of Maryland, Personal Communica-
tion (1972).
63. State of Maryland, Department of Water Resources, "Procedures for
Complaint Investigation", June 29, 1972.
64. Cuffe, D. G., Assistant Sanitary Engineer, Water Quality Surveillance,
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Personal
Communication (1972).
65. Coburn, D. L., Chief, Water Quality Division, Department of Natural
and Economic Resources, State of North Carolina, Personal Communica-
tion (1972).
66. "Pollution Control Contingency Plan for Oil and Hazardous Materials,"
January 1, 1971, State Department of Health, North Dakota.
67. "Preliminary Plan for the Control of Accidental Spills and Hazardous
Material Release into Waters of the State", State of Ohio Department
of Health.
68. Shea, W. J., Assistant Director, Department of Health, State of Rhode
Island, Personal Communication (1972).
69. Tinsley, R. K., Chief, Water Pollution Control Division, South
Carolina Pollution Control Authority, Personal Communication (1972).
70. Barker, B. B., Chief, Water Pollution Control Section, South Dakota
State Department of Health, Personal Communication (1972).
61
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71. Martin, W. H., Assistant Director, Division of Water Quality Control,
State of Tennessee Department of Public Health, Personal Communication
(1972).
72. Fleming, R. G., P.E., Director, Central Operations, Texas Water
Quality Board, Personal Communication (1972).
73. "Contingency Plan for Spills of Oil and Other Hazardous Substances",
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
74. "Oil Spill Action Plan", January 1972, State of Washington, Depart-
ment of Ecology.
75. "Laws and Oil Spill Emergency Procedures", January 1972, State of
Washington, Department of Ecology.
76. Wagner, J. F., M.S., Water Biologist, Sanitary Engineering Services,
Department of Health and Social Services, State of Wyoming, Personal
Communication (1972).
77. "Hurricane Information", Utilities Department, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida.
78. Adams, W. W., Chairman, California Water Resources Control Board,
Personal Communication (1972).
79. "Natural Disaster Assistance Relief Plan", March 1972, Virginia
Office of Civil Defense.
80. "(Prototype) - Local Emergency Operations Plan", May 1972, Planning
Section, Virginia Office of Civil Defense.
81. "Manual for Applications", February 1971, Federal Disaster Assistance
Program, Office of Emergency Preparedness.
62
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82. Shell, J. R., Assistant Chief, Water Division Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology, State of Arkansas, Personal Communication (1972).
83. Giovannitti, E. F., Acting Chief, Division of Industrial Wastes,
Department of Environmental Resources, State of Pennsylvania, Per-
sonal Communication (1972).
84. Betz, G. M., "Emergency Reporting System Prints Out Trouble", Plant
Engineering. October 14, 1971, p. 104.
85. Orlando Utilities Commission, "Emeraency Plan Manual", Orlando,
Florida.
86. Campbell, P. P., Public Education Officer, California State Water
Resources Control Board, Personal Communication (1972).
87. Warr, J. W., Actinn Chief Administrative Officer, State of Alabama
Water Improvement Commission, Personal Communication (1972).
88. State of Missouri, "Emergency Pollution Plan".
89. McCurry, W. D., Assistant Chief, Bureau of Environmental Health, State
of Nevada, Personal Communication (1972).
90. Page, G. L. PE, Senior Sanitary Engineer, State of New Hampshire,
Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, Personal Communication
(1972).
91. Herwig, R. A., PE, Program Manager, Water Quality Surveys Service,
Environmental Protection Division, Georgia State Department of Natural
Resources, Personal Communication (1972).
92. Williams, W. A., Sanitary Engineer, State of Connecticut Department
of Environmental Protection, Personal Communication (1972).
63
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93. Willems, D. G. PE, Chief, Water Quality Bureau, Environmental Sciences
Division, State of Montana Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences, Personal Communication (1972).
94. Vincent, R. L., Chief, Bureau of Water Pollution Control, Division
of Water Resources, State of New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection, Personal Communication (1972).
950 Pierce, R0 Wos Chief, 0 & M, Maryland Environmental Service, Annapolis,
Maryland (1972).
96. Lewis, J0 U, Chief, Disaster Assistance Division, U. S. Office of
Emergency Preparedness, Washington, D. C0 (1972).
970 Swatta, F0 A0, Disaster Assistance Division, U0 S. Office of Emergency
Preparedness, Washington, D0 C. (1972).
980 Perry, Robert, D0 C. Water Pollution Control Division, Blue Plains
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Washington, D. C. (1972).
99. Atkins, R. B., Director, Office of Waste Management, Fairfax County
Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).
100. Paull, J. K., Plant Manger, Lower Potomac Treatment Plant, Fairfax
County Department of Public VJorks, Fairfax, Virginia (1972),,
101. Fry, Otto, AWT Coordinator, Project Administration Division, Fairfax
County Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).
1020 McMath, R0 P., Director, Line Maintenance Division, Fairfax County
Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972),,
1030 Gozikowski, R. Jo, Director, Wastewater Treatment, Fairfax County
Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972)0
64
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1040 Haney, C. G0, Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, City of Charlottes-
vilie, Charlottesville, Virginia (1972).
105= Zimmerman, H. S0, Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, City of Roanoke,
Roanoke, Virginia (1972).
106. Bain, J. M0, Civil Engineer, Hampton Roads Sanitary District, Norfolk,
Virginia (1972)
1070 McMillan, William, Assistant Superintendent of Sewers, City of Virginia
Beach, Virginia Beach, Virginia (1972).
108. Musgrove, T. T0, Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, City of Peters-
burg, Petersburg, Virginia (1972).
109o Gregory, Ben E. Sr0, Maintenance Supervisor, Richmond Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant, City of Richmond Wastewater Treatment Plant, Richmond,
Virginia (1972).
110. Hardee, James.C., Planning Officer, Virginia Office of Civil Defense.,
Richmond, Virginia (1972).
lllo Novak, Dr0 John T., Department of Civil Engineers, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (1972).
1120 Dunnslager, William A0, Water Superintendent, City of Pensacola, Fla,,,
Pensacola, Florida (1972).
113. Pope, T. C., Manager, Water Operations, Orlando, Florida Utilities
Commission, Orlando, Florida (1972),
1140 Grey, George, Chief Engineer, Allegheny County Sanitary Authority,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1972)0
1150 Henry, Edgar, Chief, Division of Water Resources, West Virginia Division
of Water Resources, Charleston, West Virginia (1972),
65
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116. Moore, G0 E0, Assistant Director, Technical Services Division, Virginia
State Water Control Board, Richmond, Virginia (1972)0
1170 Kizer, Bob, Oil & Hazardous Substances Division, EPA Region III Office,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1972).
118o Sutherland, J. R., Assistant Director, Sanitary Engineering Bureau,
Virginia State Health Department, Richmond, Virginia (1972).
119o Wiley, Cloyd, Director, Bureau of Shellfish Sanitation, Virginia State
Health Department, Richmond, Virginia (1972).
120» Paleski, Richard, Assistant Director, Education, American Water Works
Association, New York, New York (1972).
121. Headquarters Staff. Ohio River Valley, Water Sanitation Commission,
Cincinnati, Ohio (1972).
122. Headquarters Staff, Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin,
Washington, D. C0 (1972).
1230 Cuffe, Dave, Assistant Sanitary Engineer, Water Quality Surveillance
Section, Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York
(1972).
124e Ryan, James E0 Jr», Pollution Control Engineer, Enforcement Division,
Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond, Virginia (1972).
1250 Barganz, Ron, Environmental Protection Engineer, Surveillance Section,
Water Pollution Control, State of Illinois, Environmental Protection
Agency, Springfield, Illinois (1972).
1260 Fleming, Robert G», PE, Director, Central Operations, Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, Texas (1972),
66
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127. Winters, John, Stream Biologist, Surveys Section, State Board of
Health, Division of Water Pollution Control, Indianapolis, Indiana
(1972).
128. Tinsley, R0 Kenneth, Chief, Water Pollution Control Division, Pollution
Control Authority, Columbia, South Carolina (1972),
1290 Heal, Ernest C.f Public Health Scientist, Sewage & Industrial Waste
Unit, Division of Engineering, Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
(1972).
130. Jones, George L., Assistant Coordinator for Administration, Office of
Civil Defense, Virginia Office of Civil Defense, Richmond, Virginia
(1972).
131. Duckhardt, Jim, Executive Secretary, Virginia Branch, Association of
General Contractors, Richmond, Virginia (1972).
1320 Agan, James, Water Supply & Pollution Control, State of Vermont, Dept0
of Water Resources, Montpelier, Vermont (1972)0
67
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SECTION IX
APPENDICES
PAGE
A MODEL STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 70
B PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES 103
C STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION 116
D SAMPLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PAMPHLET 125
68
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APPENDIX A
Note to Manual User; The model State Emergency Response
Plan presented in this Appendix is intended to be a
flexible guide for the development of a State program
for responding to spills of raw or inadequately treated
municipal wastewater. To avoid unnecessary duplication
the model plan contains several references, where appli-
cable, to discussions and figures located in the text of
this manual,,
69
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MODEL PLAN
STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
FOR
SPILLS OF RAW OR INADEQUATELY TREATED
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
STREET
CITY/STATE ZIP CODE
DATE
APPENDIX A
70
-------
MODEL PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 72
PURPOSE 72
OBJECTIVES 73
STATE POLICY 74
STATE AUTHORITY 74
DEFINITIONS 75
AGENCIES CONCERNED 75
State/Interstate Agencies 75
Federal Agencies 76
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ABBREVIATIONS 76
FUNDING 76
PRELIMINARY SPILL CLASSIFICATION 77
General 77
Spill Classification Parameters 77
Spill Classification Procedures 78
ALERT PROCEDURE FOR SPILLS 80
DUTIES OF THE RECIPIENT OF SPILL REPORTS 82
SPILL REPORT PROCESSING 82
STATE ORGANIZATION 84
Regions 84
State-On-Scene Coordinator 85
State Reseponse Center 86
Regional Response Center 88
Public Information 89
Strike Forces 90
Hazard Alert Team (Stream Sampling) 91
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS 93
General 93
Local Emergency Response Plan Checklist 94
INDEX 101
71
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MODEL PLAN
STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
FOR SPILLS OF RAW OR INADEQUATELY TREATED
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
INTRODUCTION
A spill of raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater calls for
positive coordinated response actions to minimize health hazards and
adverse effects on the environment. Lack or organization and delays
in response have increased the damaging effects of past spills. To
minimize the adverse effects from these spills, the Governor,, the
Honorable ( name ), has requested that the State Water Pollu-
tion Control Agency (SWPCA) develop a contingency plan which provides
a mechanism for coordinating response actions,.
This plan was developed in accordance with guidelines established by
the head of the SWPCA, Although this response plan is based on inter-
agency cooperation, the SWPCA hereby assumes primary responsibility
on behalf of the State for municipal wastewater spill prevention and
control in waters of the State.
PURPOSE
The best method to deal with spills is to prevent their occurrence
through planning, adequate equipment, proper maintenance, and safe
operating procedures„ If spills do occur, rapid response actions are
necessary to minimize damage. The purpose of this State Emergency
Response Plan is to provide guidelines for a coordinated and inte-
grated response by the SWPCA and other State agencies to municipal
wastewater spill emergencies in any waters of the State, The overall
goal of this plan is prevention of spills.
72 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this State emergency response plan are to:
1. Define a simple and effective procedure to facilitate spill reporting.
2. Protect the public health and welfare from the hazards of spilled municipal
wastewater.
3» Encourage municipalities to eliminate spills.
4o Initiate a prompt and rapid response to spill emergencies by trained
personnel with the necessary equipment and materials.
5. Designate State-On-Scene Coordinators (SOSC) and response teams in all
regions of the State with the abilities to alert and coordinate the
resources of manpower, equipment and materials to monitor, abate, and
cleanup spills.
6. Encourage the development of local emergency planning and mutual assis-
tance groups so that municipalities themselves can take prompt and
effective response actions to minimize adverse spill effects.
7o Coordinate emergency response activities with local, State and Federal
government agencies.
8. Provide an inventory of emergency equipment and materials available with-
in the State.
9. Provide a means to supply timely and accurate spill information to the
public.
10. Institute actions for the recovery of damages and cleanup costs, and
effect enforcement of existing State laws and regulations with regard
to municipal wastewater spills in the waters of the State.
73 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
STATE POLICY
Pursuant to (Reference State Law), it is declared to be against public
policy for any municipal wastewater treatment system owner to discharge
into State waters inadequately treated municipal wastewater or other-
wise to alter the properties of such. State waters and make them detri-
mental to the public health, to the propogation and protection of wild-
life, or to domestic or industrial consumption, or to recreation.
It is further the policy of the State to combat municipal wastewater
spills through prevention and preparedness. This Emergency Response
Plan has been developed by the SWPCA as a preparatory measure to coor-
dinate the efforts of the State and local governments thereby provid-
ing an organized effort for combating spills in all waters within and
bordering the State, both inter- and intrastate waters„
STATE AUTHORITY
(Reference State Law) charges the State Water Pollution Control Agency
with the authority to adopt such regulations as it deems necessary to
enforce the general water quality management program of the State.
(Referrjnce SWPCA Regulation) states that any discharge from a municipal
wastewater system which is not in compliance with the effluent limi-
tations established by the SWPCA for that system shall be immediately
reported to the SWPCA by telephone by the treatment system owner.
74 APPENDIX A
-------
DEFINITIONS
MODEL PLAN
Municipal Wastewater
Spill
Any discharge from a municipal waste-
water system which may not be in com-
pliance with the effluent limitations
established for that system0
State-On-Scene
Coordinator
Individual designated by State Water
Pollution Control Agency to be in
charge of emergency response activities
at the site of a spill of raw or inade-
quately treated municipal wastewater„
Vulnerability
Analysis
An estimation of the degree to which
a specific wastewater treatment system
is adversely affected, in relation to
the function it must perform; by an
emergency condition.
Wastewater Treatment
System
Includes but not limited to wastewater
treatment plant, sewer lines, and
sewage pump stations.
AGENCIES CONCERNED
State/Interstate Agencies
The following State and/or interstate agencies have direct responsi-
bilities related to water pollution control:
lo State Water Pollution Control Agency (SWPCA)
2. State Department of Health (SDH)
30 State Department of Natural Resources (SDNR)
40 Interstate Agencies (List)
75
APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL PLAN
The following State agencies have certain responsibilities related to
State waters and are listed because they may be in a position to help
abate any spill emergency:
1. State Game and Fish Commission (SGFC)
2. State Police (SP)
3. State National Guard (SNG)
Federal Agencies
The following Federal agencies have certain direct responsibilities
relative to interstate waters under Federal law:
1. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
20 U. S. Coast Guard (USCG)
3. U, So Army Corps of Engineers (CE)
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ABBREVIATIONS
SOSC State-On-Scene Coordinator
SRRC State Regional Response Center
SRRT State Regional Response Team
SITREP Situation Report
SRC State Response Center
SPIO State Public Information Officer
HAT Hazard Alert Team (Stream Sampling)
FUNDING
Anyone discharging municipal wastewater, which is in violation of certi-
fied emission rates established for the treatment system whether inten-
tionally, negligently, or accidently, is required to abate and cleanup
the waste. If the waste is cleaned up or abated by a State government
agency, the discharger is liable to the agency for the reasonable costs
APPENDIX A
76
-------
MODEL PLAN
of cleanup or abatement. In the event the identity of the spiller is
unknown, or he is unable to fund the abatement costs, the cost will
be paid from the State Water Pollution Cleanup and Abatement Fund
within its capability. Reimbursement of costs relating to municipal
wastewater spill emergencies incurred by State agencies when the vio-
lator cannot be identified or is unable to pay the cleanup costs will
be determined by the State Fiscal Management Office.
PRELIMINARY SPILL CLASSIFICATION*
General
The spill classification procedure presented herein was developed to
provide a consistent method of rapidly classifying a reportable spill
of municipal wastewater as Major or Minor. The preliminary classifi-
cation will serve as an alert mechanism for the Emergency Response
Plan. The method is not intended to provide the final spill classifi-
cation since the severity of a given spill is dependent upon many param-
eters, most of which must be developed as the on-scene investigation
progresses. The spill classification is weighed to evaluate the
response requirements in terms of manpower and equipment with respect
to the spill location, character of waste spilled, quantity of spill,
and potential for ecological damage,
Spill Classification Parameters
The five spill classification parameters employed in the preliminary
classification procedure are:
1, Location of the municipal wastewater spill
2, Character of the waste
* Similar to Department of Ecology, State of Washington, Oil Spill
Classification Procedure.
77 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
30 Quantity
40 Potential for ecological damage
5. Estimated response effort required
Spill Classification Procedures
To classify a spill as Major or Minor, select one of the statements
beneath each of the classification parameters that most clearly des-
cribes the existing spill situation,, The numerical values assigned
to each statement chosen are then added together. If their total is
less than 75, the preliminary classification of the spill would be
Minor; if their total is greater than 75, the preliminary spill class-
ification would be Major.
78 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
Parameter
Value
Location
Character
Quantity
Ecological Damage
Response Effort
(5) On land with potential for entering State waters
(10) Offshore ocean waters
(20) Streams, lakes and estuaries
(50) Endangers public health; into stream above and in
close proximity to domestic water supply intakes,
recreation areas, shellfish beds
(5) Partially treated with chlorination
(10) Partially treated without chlorination
(20) Raw sewage with chlorination
(50) Raw sewage
(5) 'Equal to or less than 1% of facility design flow
(10) Between 1% and 25% of facility design flow
(20) Between 25% and 50% of facility design flow
(50) 100% of facility design
(5) Minimum potential; on land, offshore, inland salt
waters
(10) High potential; streams, lakes, estuaries
(50) Critical potential; shellfish beds, spawning grounds,
game reserves, public water supply
(0) Notification received and no State assistance
necessary
(5) State-On-Scene Coordinator (SOSC) only State repre-
sentative at scene.
(10) SOSC plus Hazard Alert Team (HAT)
(50) SOSC, HAT, plus mobile chlorinators and other emer-
gency equipment
PARAMETERS
SPILL CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE II EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
LOCATION
CHARACTER
QUANTITY
ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE
RESPONSE EFFORT
TOTAL
EXAMPLE
«
12
13
VALUE
50
SO
50
50
50
250
DESCRIPTION
. MAXIMUM POINT VALUE
SPILL TO RECEIVING
STREAM, RAW SEWAGE,
100* OF DESIGN FLOW,
HIGH POTENTIAL FOR
ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE,
SOSC ONLY
MINIMUM POINT VALUE
79
VALUE
20
50
50
10
;s
135
CLASSIFICATION
75 OR GREATER - MAJOR
' 75 OR GREATER - MAJOR
LESS THAN 75 - MINOR
VALUE
5
5
5
5
0
20
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MODEL PLAN
ALERT PROCEDURE FOR SPILLS
A municipality responsible for any discharge from a wastewater system
which is not in compliance with the effluent limitations established
by the State Regulatory Agencies shall immediately notify the State
Water Pollution Control Agency by calling the agency's regional office
on the 24-hour telephone number, ( NUMBER ) and give as much
of the following information as is available:
Name and owner of facility
Telephone number of owner/facility
Time/date spill started
Spill volume and strength
Provisions for chlorination
Conditions surrounding spill
Action taken to abate spill
Assistance required
Stream sampling plan
Note to Manual User: A sample form for receipt of spill reports is
shown in Figure No« 3, page 18, of this manual.
A sample telephone call list has been outlined and is shown in Figure
No. 1. The telephone call list gives a breakdown of the regions with-
in the State and the SWPCA representatives that are responsible for
each region. The 24-hour telephone number for emergency reporting is
also given on this call list.
The SWPCA will maintain current rosters of staff and on-duty officers
and the means of contacting each at all hours of the day or nighto
So that all members of the public as well as State employees will be
cognizant of the alert procedures, the SWPCA 24-hour telephone number
80 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
TELEPHONE CALL LIST *
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
NAME
CITY
OFFICE
RESID.
MUNICIPALITY
REGION I
COUNTY
NAME
NOTIFY
~- -.
•
REGION II
COUNTY
NAME
NOTIFY
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
AGENCY
24 HR. NUMBER:
CITY:
REGION III
COUNTY
NAME '
NOTIFY
•
I
• KEY PERSONNEL RESIDENCE
1.
2.
3.
* Format similar to that used by West Virginia
FIGURE NO. 1 TELEPHONE CALL LIST
81
APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
will be published on wall posters with proper instructions and distrib-
uted to all police and fire stations, post offices, Government agencies,
and municipal wastewater treatment facilities,, Telephone companies
will be urged to publish the SWPCA 24-hour number with other emergency
numbers in all new telephone directories. A copy of the wall poster
is shown in Figure No. 20
DUTIES OF THE RECIPIENT OF SPILL REPORTS
The importance of obtaining clearly written, correct information that
is properly documented cannot be overemphasized. It all cases SWPCA
personnel who receive incoming spill reports will:
1. Obtain as much information as possible regarding the
spill incident from the reporting party,
2. Ensure all blocks oh the spill report form that can
be completed are correctly filled in«
3. Make certain that the name and home number of the
reporting party are recorded.
4. Include a brief description of the conditions surround-
ing the spill.
5. A copy of the complete spill report form should be for-
warded to the SOSC.
SPILL REPORT PROCESSING
Three possibilities exist within the SWPCA regarding the office that
initially receives a spill complaint and the office that has the respon-
sibility for processing the reporto To provide explicit guidelines
which will be followed in processing these reports, it is hereby stip-
ulated that:
82 APPENDIX A
-------
IN CASE OF SPILLS OF RAW OR
INADEQUATELY TREATED MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER IN THE STATE.
CALL THE STATE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCY;
NUMBER
AND GIVE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE OF
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION;
NAME OF FACILITY :
TIME/DATE SPILL STARTED
SPILL VOLUME AND STRENGTH
PROVISIONS FOR CHLORINATION
CONDITIONS SURROUNDING SPILL
ABATEMENT ACTIONS
ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
STREAM SAMPLING PLAN
THE STATE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCY WILL ACCEPT
COLLECT CALLS IF YOU INFORM
OPERATOR THAT YOU WISH TO
REPORT A SPILL. THE STATE WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
MAINTAINS 24 HOUR SERVICE.
FIGURE NO. 2 SAMPLE WALL POSTER
(SIMILAR TO POSTER USED BY STATE OF WISCONSIN)
83 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL PLAN
10 If a spill report is received at the SWPCA regional
office of the region in which the spill occurred, the
SWPCA regional manager or his designee will record the
information and dispatch the State-On-Scene Coordinator.
20 If a spill report is received at the SWPCA headquarters,
the on-duty officer or his designee will receive the
report and record the information which will be immedi-
ately forwarded to the appropriate regional manager or
his designee who will dispatch the State-On-Scene
Coordinator.
3. If a spill report is received by a SWPCA regional
office in a region other than the one in which the
spill occurred, the SWPCA regional manager or his
designee will record the information and immediately
forward it to the regional manager of the region in
which the spill occurred. The regional manager in
that region will then dispatch the State-On-Scene
Coordinator.
STATE ORGANIZATION
Regions
The SWPCA has divided the State into three regions. The three regions
correspond to the State's three major river basins. A periodic review
of the regional boundaries is made to ensure the regions remain con-
sistent with overall emergency program objectives.
The SWPCA provides each region with a regional office and a represent-
ative from that office follows up on spill reports, estimates spill
severity and coordinates State and local response actions within that
84 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
region. Criteria has been established for all wastewater treatment
facilities to permit a SWPCA regional representative to classify a
given spill as Major or Minor with the preliminary information pro-
vided when the spill is first reported,, The spill classification
may be changed after the on-scene inspection of the spill site is
completed,, However, a preliminary spill classification will allow
appropriate response action to be initiated, particularly if the
response requires providing physical assistance. For example, a by-
pass condition where unchlorinated raw wastewater is entering a
receiving stream above a domestic raw water supply intake might re-
quire portable chlorination units to be moved to the spill site and
an extensive river sampling program initiated to monitor water quality.
State-On-Scene Coordinator
The regional director in each SHPCA region has designated the SOSCs and
alternates for that region,, Individuals chosen as SOSCs have been
selected for their ability to:
1. Function effectively under stress.
2» Work well with personnel of municipalities.
30 Remain informed about activities in their area of
responsibility.
The State-On-Scene Coordinators possess the following:
1. Working knowledge of the characteristics of all
municipal wastewater treatment facilities for which
he is responsible.
2. Good working arrangement with the key personnel at
each treatment facility.
85 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
30 Current flow charts complete with names, titles,
telephone numbers, and alternates to assist in the
reporting of an emergency.
40 Mechanism to ensure that his report on the severity
of the emergency is relayed promptly and accurately
to the regional center.
The SOSCs and alternates are trained in all phases of emergency response
to wastewater spills. The SWPCA staff responsible for the SOSC train-
ing program ensures all new developments in spill response techniques
are promptly incorporated in SOSC training programs.
The SOSC is kept informed of the availability of resources in his own
region and in adjoining regions. He is also familiar with the emer-
gency equipment inventories maintained by the State,
To avoid confusion, all messages from the SOSC follow the SITREP
(Situation Report) format. (Note to Manual User: The SITREP format
is discussed on page 19 of this manual„)
A sample on-scene spill report form is shown in Figure No. 30
State Response Center
The.purpose of the State Response Center (SRC) is to provide physical
facilities for coordination and control of emergency response actions.
The "Situation Room" complete with maps and communication equipment is
located in the SWPCA headquarters. The State Response Center facilities
include the following:
1. Communication equipment to include telephone and radio
equipment.
Q, APPENDIX A
OO
-------
MODEL PLAN
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
ON-SCENE SPILL REPORT*
NAME OF FACILITY
OWNER ' TELEPHONE
(AREA CODE)
PLANT CAPACITY (MGD) SPILL DURATION (HOURS)
ESTIMATE OF
SPILL VOLUME (GALLONS) SPILL STRENGTH (5-DAY BOD)
NAME OF RECEIVING STREAM
SPILL LOCATION
RECEIVING STREAM STREAM
WATER TEMPERATURE FLOW ESTIMATE (CFS)
RESULTS OF ANY STREAM SAMPLING
ESTIMATE OF DEGREE OF TREATMENT SPILL RECEIVED
RESULTS OF ANY WASTEWATER SAMPLING
NORMAL TREATMENT EXPECTED FOR CONDITIONS OF WASTEWATER FLOW & STRENGTH SIMILAR TO
CONDITIONS DURING SPILL DURATION
COMMENTS ON EFFECTS OF SPILL FROM INTERVIEWS WITH DOWNSTREAM OWNERS
CRITIQUE OF OWNER & STATE RESPONSE TO THE EMERGENCY
ATTACH ANY CORRESPONDENCE, REPORTS, LABORATORY DATA, OR OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION.
(SIGNATURE)
(NAMEPRIIJTED)
(SIGNATURE)
iSlwlATDREJ
* Similar to form used in West Virginia
FIGURE NO. 3 ON-SCEHE SPILL REPORT FORM
87 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
2. Maps showing all waste discharges, raw water intakes,
recreation areas, and spawning grounds and/or shellfish
beds in the State.
3. Computer facilities with programs that model all receiv-
ing streams in the State.
4. Technical library with up-to-date sanitary engineering
literature and reference works.
5. Water quality information on waters of the State.
The technical administrative and clerical staff for the State Response
Center will come from the regular SWPCA staff„ Personnel will be on
call to man the Response Center and a duty roster system will rotate
these personnel. The on-duty officer will take charge of the Response
Center when a spill report is received that requires the center to be
activated.
Regional Response Center
The Regional Response Centers are located in the SWPCA regional offices;,
Each Regional Center is staffed by SWPCA personnel assigned to that
region and backed up by personnel from the State headquarters. The
SWPCA Regional Director will be in charge of the center during emer-
gency response actions. The basic characteristics of the center are:
1. Adequate communications
20 Up-to-date maps of the receiving waters within the region
3. Up-to-date inventories of emergency equipment within the
region
The SOSC will be in continuous contact with the Regional Response
Center during emergencies to ensure prompt and efficient response
actions. The Regional Response Center performs the following tasks:
88 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
1. Relay SITREPs and support request from the State-On-Scene
Coordinator to the State Response Center.
2. Establish a network throughout the State that ensures
the State Emergency Response Plan functions properly.
Public Information
The director of the SWPCA has directed the agency's information officer to
be the State Public Information Officer to handle emergencies related
to spills of raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater. The
duties of the State Public Information Officer (SPIO) are as follows:
1. Establish a good working relationship, mutual understanding
of problems involved and agreements on procedures to be
followed during emergencies with the news media.
2. Prepare news releases in advance of water pollution
emergencies. These performatted news releases should
include:
a. Location of incident
b. Whether or not chlorination is being provided
Co Time required before emergency condition is
over
3. Prepare statewide list of news media to be contacted
during emergency.
4. Hold news conferences at appropriate intervals during
and after emergency.
89 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
5» Issue at least two written status reports on the emergency
daily.
6. Provide for information contained in latest status report
to be given to personnel and telephone requests from the
general public.
7. Draft a form letter after the emergency condition is over
that contains all facts related to the incident. This
letter can be sent to mailed inquiries about the incident.
The SWPCA Regional Director or his designee will act as the Regional
Public Information Officer. The Regional Information Officer's duties
are as follows:
1. Establish good working relationship with the local news
media representatives.
20 Coordination with counterparts in adjacent regions of
the State.
3. Work closely with the SOSC and SPIO.
Strike Forces
When emergencies arise resulting from the spillage of raw or partially
treated municipal wastewater, the Strike Force will consist of the SOSC
plus any other SWPCA personnel that the SOSC deems necessary in carrying
out his assignment. The SOSC may be dispatched from the Regional Re-
sponse Center for regional incidents or may be dispatched from the
SWPCA headquarters if the emergency involves a multi-region or inter-
state incident. The Strike Force might include the State's Hazard
Alert Team to conduct a stream sampling program and/or sanitary engi-
neering consultants.
90 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
Under the direction of the SOSC, the Strike Force will:
1. Establish a command center with, adequate communication
capability,,
20 Set up a log book and a record keeping of costs and
expenses related to the emergency response.
30 Collect information for completing the on-scene spill
report form, including:
a. Spill location
b. Receiving stream parameters, (temperature, flow,
dissolved oxygen level, etc.)
c. Wastewater sampling results
4. Assess effect on environment.
5. Monitor municipalities emergency response performance.
6. Control activities of equipment and personnel solicited
by the State to assist the municipality experiencing
the emergency.
7. Keep Regional and State Response Centers advised of
developments.
Hazard Alert Team (Stream Sampling)*
For each municipal wastewater discharge or potential spill location,
such as a pump station, the State has selected sampling points along
* Similar to the Hazard Alert Team Standby "HATS" teams, currently
used by the Virginia State Water Control Board.
91
APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
the receiving stream. These predetermined sampling points will enable
sampling to be done promptly and efficiently to determine the effects
of a spill from a given source.
The SWPCA has created several six-man sampling teams known as Hazard
Alert Teams (HAT). The teams consist of SWPCA headquarters personnel.
The team members are on call during a one week period and are relieved
at the end of that period by a second team. A duty roster system is
employed to rotate teams in an equitable manner.
The teams have a team chief and an assistant team chief„ The team
rosters, complete with telephone numbers, are available to the On-Duty
Officer at the SWPCA headquarters,, The teams are tailored to handle
expected duties at the site of any given spill. The teams are provided
with transportation, boats, and other equipment (such as dissolved oxygen
sampling kits, pH meters, etc0) to insure prompt and effective response
to an alert.
The teams are strictly used for initial response action. If prolonged
stream sampling is required, this work should be turned over to the
SWPCA regular stream sampling staff. Team personnel will continue to
perform their normal jobs within the SWPCA during the day and will be
available during the evenings and weekend of the week they are on duty.
Figure No, 4 is a sample Hazard Alert Team Roster,
92 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
Team Ho.
(Name), Team Chief (Phone)
(Name), Asst. Team Chief (Phone)
(Name), Sanitary Engineer (Phone)
(Name), Chemist (Phone)
(Name), Laboratory Technician (Phone)
(Name), Vehicle and Boat Operator (Phone)
Vehicle
Make
Model
Year
Motor Pool No.
License No.
Boat
Type
Length
Motor
Motor Pool No.
License No.
Gas Masks Two-Way Radio
First Aid Kit Maps
D. 0. Kit Ice Chests
pH Meter Camera
Sample Containers Chlorine Residual Test Equipment
Thermometers
Flashlights
FIGURE NO. 4 SAMPLE: HAZARD ALERT TEAM ROSTER
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS
General
Prior to receiving a discharge permit, the owner of every municipal
wastewater treatment system must submit a Local Emergency Response
Plan to the SWPCA. Each plan should have provisions to detect, respond
to, and minimize the effects from spills of raw or inadequately treated
wastewater0 Each plan should also have contingencies for spills from
upstream sources and provide for coordination or mutual assistance as
required. Also, as a requirement to be met prior to receiving a dis<-
charge permit, the treatment system owner must provide the SWPCA with
an acceptable breakdown of treatment capabilities during periods of
equipment or process failures. These treatment capability descriptions
93 APPENDIX A
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MODEL PLAN
will aid the State in estimating the degree of treatment the wastewater
is receiving for any given emergency condition,,
Emergency response plans all have a common base. This common base con-
sists of assessment of severity and response to the emergency so as to
minimize environmental impact of the incident. This is due largely to
the fact that many of these different type emergencies create similar
effects on the wastewater treatment system0 Each system has its own
characteristics and problems. The specifics of an emergency response
plan must therefore be tailored to allow for the peculiarities of the
specific system. The purpose of an emergency response plan is to
minimize damage and to provide the most efficient utilization of re-
sources available to the system owner. The objects of any emergency
response plan can only be achieved with trained personnel and sufficient
emergency equipment and material. Figure No. 5 is a personnel require-
ment matriz for local emergency response plans.
LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN CHECKLIST
Form Emergency Organ i zati on
I, Appoint responsible personnel for development, training, and
research.
20 Appoint advisory committee to these personnel.
3. Designate emergency organization staff and teams.
a. Designate alternates.
b. Define responsibilities, and channels of command.
4. Designate and equip stations for post emergency operations.
a» Response center and alternate
APPENDIX A
94
-------
MODEL PLAN
. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENT MATRIX*
10
en
VULNERABILITY
ANALYSIS
MUTUAL AID
AGREEMENTS
SEVERITY
ASSESMENT
EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS
EMERGENCY
REPAIRS.
MANAGEMENT
X
X
SANITARY
ENGINEERING
PERSONNEL
X
X
X
X
FACILITY
OPERATORS
X
X
CHEMISTS A
LABORATORY
PERSONNEL
X
X
SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE
CREWS
X
.X
-a
T3
m
o
*Similar tp requirements outlined in American Water Works Association Handbook "Emergency Planning
for Water Utility Management".
FIGURE NO. 5 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENT MATRIX FOR LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS
-------
MODEL PLAN
b. Control points and alternate
c. Assembly areas and reporting centers
Initiate Mutual Aid Agreements and Other Cooperative Arrangements
I, Provide agreements with related utility, service and civil defense
agencies.
20 Define and assign responsibilities,,
30 Provide for exchange or assignment of personnel, equipment and
materials.
4. Provide for coordination of communication, training, assessment,
inventorying, standardization, etc.
5. Consider legal problems.
6. Plan and provide interconnections with adjacent systems.
Establish Security Protective Measures
lo Determine degree of physical security protection needed.
2. Provide security procedures,
Develop Inventories and Records
1. Stockpile essential equipment, materials and supplies for recovery.
2. Provide records which will facilitate recovery:
a0 Maps and engineering plans
b. Personnel, regular and auxiliary
96 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL PLAN
c. Emergency sources of supply, availability and means of using
d. Stockpile items
e. Emergency operating methods and procedures
3. Keep records readily available at all levels of operation.
4o Keep mutual aid parties informed of content and location of records,
50 Keep records up to date.
60 Protect all essential records.
Study Collection/Treatment System and Initiate Action to Correct Weak-
ness Measures
1. Develop procedures for analyzing system to determine weaknesses.
2. Analyze the following:
a. Collection, treatment and disposal facilities
bo Equipment, material and supplies
Co Personnel
d. Power supply
e0 Communications
f. Emergency procedures
3. Using results of system analysis determine:
a. Probable post-emergency condition of system for various
emergency conditions
b. Repair methods and equipment, materials, and personnel
needed to initate recovery and restoration
c. Priorities
d. Alternate courses of action
97 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL PLAN
40 Formulate program for strengthening system with reasonable achieve-
ment dates.
Establish Treatment Requirements
1. For normal and emergency conditions:
a. Monitor effluent for chemical and biological quality.
20 For emergency conditions:
a. Determine treatment capabilities.
bo Prepare guidelines for recovery priorities, and time-
phasing of estimated treatment requirements.
Co Determine guidelines for minimum supplies, equipment,
manpower and organization to meet treatment requirements.
d. Establish procedures and prepare for emergency treatment,
pumping and disposal.
(1) Provide for both fixed and mobile equipment.
(2) Establish improvised operation within system.
(3) Provide for stations for service of emergency water,
Provide Communications
10 Study and coordinate all possible means of communication.
2. Bring existing facilities up to an acceptable level.
a. Provide fixed and mobile units»
b. Provide communication between all critical locations.
Co Provide standby power and on-site storage of fuel and
generators at response centers and control points„
3. Provide trained communications personnel.
98 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL PLAN
4. Prepare procedures for release of information to the public.
a. Designate personnel to be in charge of release of information,
bo Establish relations with press and radio0
c. Prepare releases in advance for emergency conditions likely
to develop.
Plan Post Emergency Operation
Provide for time-phased procedures to:
10 Activate emergency organization.
2o Mobilize available emergency staff.
3. Initiate liaison with other utility units and mutual aid organi-
zations.
4, Make assessment of severity.
50 Determine priority of actions.
6. Initiate procedures for operation of facilities to ensure optimum
treatment.
7. Keep work challenging to help employees cope with psychological
letdown following a disaster.
Federal Assistance
Obtain copies and review the following documents:
1. Disaster Relief Act of 1970 (PL 91-606).
2. Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP) Circular 4000.5C, Manual
for Applications, Federal Disaster Assistance Program.
99 APPENDIX A
-------
Emergency Response Planning Funds
Ensure budget contains money for following items related to the Emer-
gency Plan:
10 Periodic updating of plan.
2f Personnel training.
3e Emergency equipment and supplies purchased.
100 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL
STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
SUBJECT INDEX*
Page
Abbreviations
Agencies 76
Emergency Response Plan 76
Abatement Fund 77
Agencies
Federal 76
State/Interstate 75
Alert Procedures for Spills 80
Authority, State 74
Aid, Mutual 96
Cleanup and Abatement Fund 77
Cost Recovery 76
Classification Procedure, Spill 77
Example, Spill 79
Center, State Response 86
Regional Response 88
Checklist, Local Emergency Response Plan 94
Communications 98
Call List, Telephone 81
Definitions 75
Duties of Spill Report Recipient 82
Duty Officer 88
Director, State Water Pollution Control Agency 89
Regional 88
Ecological Damage 78
Effluent Limitations . 74
Funding 76
Hazard Alert Team 91
Information, Public ... 89
Inventory 96
Local Emergency Response Plan 93
*NOTE TO MANUAL USER: A subject index helps make formal emergency planning documents
usable tools.
101 APPENDIX A
-------
MODEL
STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM
SUBJECT INDEX
(Continued)
Page
Local Emergency Response Plan Checklist 94
Matrix, Personnel Requirement 95
Mutual Aid Agreements 96
Objectives, State Emergency Response Plan 73
On-Scene Spill Report Form 87
Officer, State Information 89
Officer, Regional Information 90
Post Emergency Operation 99
Poster, Wall 83
Public Information 89
Purpose State Emergency Response Plan 72
Records 96
Regional,
Response Center 88
Information Officer 90
Water Pollution Control Agency Director 89
Situation Report (SITREP) . . 86
Spill,
Classification Examples 79
Classification Parameters 77
Classification Procedure 78
Report Processing 82
Alert Procedures 80
State,
Policy 74
Authority 74
Organization 84
Response Center 86
State-On-Scene Coordinator . 85
Strike Forces 90
Telephone Call List, State 8.1
Treatment Requirements 98
Wall Poster 83
.102 APPENDIX A
-------
APPENDIX B
PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES
INTRODUCTION
This Appendix contains excerpts from several Federal statutes related
to water pollution control. These excerpts provide background infor-
mation on the Federal Government's attempt to minimize the environ-
mental, public health and public welfare impact of spills in the
nation's waters. The excerpts in this section are from the following
statutes:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972:
Pertinent features cited under Section 311, Oil and Hazardous
Substance Liability, primarily deal with granting the President
the authority to prepare and publish a National Contingency
Plan for removal of oil discharges and hazardous substance
from waters of the United States. Other features tabulated
include: requirement to notify appropriate U. S. agency in
the event of a discharge, definition of "owner or operator"
and "offshore or onshore facility", and granting of authority
to the President to designate hazardous materials.
Section 301, Effluent Limitations, establishes the concept
of effluent standards for municipal wastewater treatment
facilities. Section 402, National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System, outlines the National Discharge Permit
concepto System 304 (h) gives the Environmental Protection
Agency the responsibility for establishing guidelines for
owners applying for permits and for States setting up permit
programs.
APPENDIX B
103
-------
Executive Order 11548; This order delegates to the Secretary
of the Interior the responsibility and authority to carry out
provisions of various subsections of Section 311 of the
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Formerly
Sections 11 and 12 of original act),
Reorganization Plan No0 3 of 1970; This plan -establishes the
Environmental Protection Agency and transfers to EPA all
functions formerly administered by the Federal Water Quality
Administration,,
Designation of Hazardous Substances EPA Notice of Proposed
Rule Making; The pertinent feature cited from this document
is the fact that digested sewage sludge and raw undigested
sewage sludge are designated as hazardous substances,
FEDERAL STATUTE TABULATION
The following is a tabulation of the excerpts from Federal Statutes
pertinent to the emergency response planning aspects of water pollution
control:
1Q4 APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution TITLE III STANDARDS AND
Control Act Amendments ENFORCEMENT
of 1972.
OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LIABILITY
Sec. 311. (a) For the purpose of this section, the terrn—
(2) discharge includes, but is not limited to, any
spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying
or dumping;
(6) owner or operator means (A) is the case of a
vessel, any person owning, operating, or chartering
by demise, such vessel, and (B) in the case of an onshore
facility, and an offshore facility, any person owning or
operating such onshore facility or offshore facility, and
(C) in the case of any abandoned offshore facility,
the person who owned or operated such facility immediately
prior to such abandonment;
(7) person includes an individual, firm, corporation,
association and a partnership;
(8) remove or removal refers to removal of the oil
or hazardous substances from the water and shorelines
or the taking of sifch other actions as may be necessary
to minimize or mitigate damage to the public health
or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shell-
fish, wildlife, and public and private property, shore-
lines, and beaches;
(10) onshore facility means any facility (including
but not limited to, motor vehicles and rolling stock)
of any kind located in, on, or under, any land within
the United States other than submerged land;
(11) offshore facility means any facility of any
kind located in, on, or under, any of the navigable
waters of the United States other than a vessel or a public
vessel;
(14) hazardous substance means any substance designated
pursuant to subsection (b) (2) of this section.
(b) (1) The Congress hereby declares that" it is the policy
of the United States that there should be no discharges of
oil or hazardous substances into or upon the navigable
waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, or
into or upon the waters of the contiguous zone.
(2) (A) The Administrator shall develop, promulgate,
and revise as may be appropriate, regulations designating
as hazardous substances, other than oil as defined in this
section, such elements and compounds which, when discharged
in any quantity into or upon the navigable waters of the
United States or adjoining shorelines or the waters of
the contiguous zone, present an imminent and substantial
danger to the public health or welfare, including, but
not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shorelines, and
beaches.
TABLE I. FEDERAL STATUTES
105 APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
(5) Any person in charge of a vessel or of an onshore
facility or an offshore facility shall, as soon as he
has knowledge of any discharge of oil or a hazardous
substance from such vessel or facility in violation of
paragraph (3) of this subsection, immediately notify the
appropriate agency of the United States Government of
such discharge. Any such person who fails to notify
immediately such agency of such discharae shall, upon
conviction, be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned
for not more than one year, or both. Notification
received pursuant to this paragraph or information
obtained by the exploitation of such notification shall
not be used against any such person in any criminal case,
except a prosecution for perjury or for giving a false
statement.
(c) (1) Whenever any oil or a hazardous substance is
discharged, into or upon the navigable waters of the
United States, adjoining shorelines, or into or upon
the waters of the contiguous zone, the President is
authorized to act to remove or arrange for the removal
of such oil or substance at any time, unless he
determines such removal will be done properly by the
owner or operator of the vessel, onshore facility, or
offshore facility from which the discharge occurs.
(2) Within sixty days after the effective date of
this section, the President shall prepare and publish
a National Contingency Plan for removal of oil and
hazardous substances, pursuant to this subsection.
Such National Contingency Plan shall provide for
efficient, coordinated, and effective action to
minimize damage from oil and hazardous substance
discharges including containment, dispersal, and removal
of oil and hazardous substances, and shall include, but
not be limited to--
(A) assignment of duties and responsibilities
among Federal departments and agencies in coordination
with State and local agencies, including, but not
limited to, water pollution control, conservation,
and port authorities;
(B) identification, procurement, maintenance, and
storage of equipment and supplies;
(C) establishment or designation of a strike force
consisting of personnel who shall be trained, prepared,
and available to provide necessary services to carry out
the Plan, including the establishment at major ports, to
be determined by the President, of emergency task forces
of trained personnel, adequate oil and hazardous substance
pollution control equipment and material, and a detailed
oil and hazardous substance pollution prevention and
removal plan;
(E) establishment of a national center to provide
coordination and direction for operations in carrying
out the Plan;
(F) procedures and techniques to be employed in
identifying, containing, dispersing, and removing
oil and hazardous substances.
106
APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
AUTHORIZED ACTION
(G) a schedule, prepared in cooperation with the
States, identifying (i) dispersants and other chemicals,
if any, that may be used in carrying out the Plan,
(ii) the waters in which such dispersants and chemicals
may be used, and (iii) the quantities of such dispersant
or chemical which can be used safely in such waters,
which schedule shall provide in the case of any
dispersant, chemical, or waters not specifically
identified in such schedule that the President, or his
delegate, may, on a case-by-case basis, identify the
dispersants and other chemicals which may be used, the
waters in which they may be used, and the quantities
which can be used safely in such waters; and
(H) a system whereby the State or States affected by
a discharge of oil or hazardous substance may act
where necessary to remove such discharge and such State
or States may be reimbursed from the fund established
under subsection (k) of this section for the reasonable
costs incurred in such removal.
(2) Any owner or operator of a vessel or an onshore'
facility or an offshore facility and any other person
subject to any regulation issued under paragraph (1) of
this subsection who fails or refuses to comply with
the provisions of any such regulation, shall be liable
to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each such
violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense.
The President may assess and compromise such penalty.
No penalty shall be assessed until the owner, operator
or other person charged shall have been given notice
and on opportunity for a hearing on such charge. In
determining the amount of the penalty, or the amount
agreed upon in compromise, the gravity of the violation,
and the demonstrated good faith of the owner, operator,
or other person charged in attempting to achieve rapid
compliance, after notification of a violation, shall be
considered by the President.
(k) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to
a revolving fund to be established-in the Treasury
not to exceed $35,000,000 to carry out the provisions of
subsections (c), (d), (i), and (1) of this section.
Any other funds received by the United States under this
section shall also be deposited in said fund for such
purposes. All sums appropriated to or deposited in, said
fund shall remain available until expended.
107
APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution TITLE III - STANDARDS AND ENVORCEMENT
Control Act Ammendments
of 1972 (continued)
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Sec. 301. (a) Except as in compliance with this section
and sections 302, 306, 307, 318, 402, and 404 of this
Act, the discharge of any pollutant by any person shall
be unlawful.
(b) In order to carry out the objective of this Act
there shall be achieved —
(1) (B) for publicly owned treatment works in existence
on July 1, 1977, or approved pursuant to section 203 of
this Act prior to June 30, 1974 (for which construction
must be completed within four years of approval), effluent
limitations based upon secondary treatment as defined by
the Administrator pursuant to section 304(d) (1) of this
Act; or,
(2) (B) not later than July 1, 1983, compliance by all
publicly owned treatment works with the requirements
set forth in section 201 (g) (2) (A) of this Act.
(d) Any effluent limitation required by paragraph (2)
of subsection (b) of this section shall be reviewed at
least every five years and if appropriate, revised
pursuant to the procedure established under such
paragraph.
(e) Effluent limitations established pursuant to this
section or section 302 of this Act shall be applied to
all point sources of discharge of pollutants in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES
Sec. 304. (h) The Administrator shall (1) within sixty
days after the enactment of this title promulgate guide-
lines for the purpose of establishing uniform application
forms and other minimum requirements for the acquisition
of information from owners and operators of point sources
of discharge subject to any State program under section
402 of this Act, and (2) within sixty days from the
date of enactment of this title promulgate guidelines
establishing the minimum procedural and other elements
of any State program under section 402 of this Act which
shall .include:
(A) monitoring requirements;
(B) reporting requirements (including procedures to
make information available to the public);
(C) enforcement provisions; and
(D) funding, personnel qualifications, and manpower
requirements (including a requirements that no board
or body which approves permit applications or portions
thereof shall include, as a member, any person who
receives, or has during the previous two years received,
... a. significant portion of his Income directly or .
indirectly from permit holders or applicants for a
permit.
1Q8 • APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (continued)
INSPECTIONS, MONITORING AND ENTRY
Sec. 308. (a) Whenever required to carry out the objective
of this Act, including but not limited to (1) developing
or assisting in the development of any effluent limitation,
or other limitation, prohibition, or effluent standard,
pretreatment standard, or standard of performance under
this Act; (2) determining whether any person is in violation
of any such effluent limitation, or other limitation,
prohibition or effluent standard, pretreatment standard,,
or standard of performance; (3) any requirement established
under this section; or (4) carrying out sections 305, 311,
402 and .5.04 of thi s Act ~
(A) the Administrator shall require the owner or
operator of any point source to (i) establish and
maintain such records, (ii) make such reports,
(iii) install, use and maintain such monitoring
equipment or methods (including where appropriate, bio-
logical monitoring methods), (iv) sample such effluents
(in accordance with such methods, at such locations,
at such intervals, and in such manner as the Administrator
shall prescribe), and (v) provide such other information
as he may reasonably require; and
FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT
Sec. 309. (a) (3) Whenever on the basis of any information
available to him the Administrator finds that any person
is in violation of section 301, 302, 306, 307. or 308
of this Act, or is in violation of any permit condition
or limitation implementing any of such sections in a
permit issued under section 402 of this Act by him or
by a State, he shall issue an order requiring such
person to comply with such section or requirement, or he
shall bring a civil action in accordance with subsection
(b) of this section.
TITLE IV - PERMITS AND LICENSES
CERTIFICATION
Sec. 401. (a) (1) Any applicant for a Federal license
or permit to conduct any activity including, but not
limited to, the construction or operation of facilities,
which may result in any discharge into the navigable
waters, shall provide the licensing or permitting agency
a certification from the State in which the discharge
originates or will originate, or, if appropriate, from
the interstate water pollution control agency haying
jurisdiction over the navigable waters at the point
where the discharge originates or will originate, that
any such discharge will comply with the applicable
provisions of sections 301, 302, 306, 307 of this Act.
109
APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
Sec. 402. (a) (1) Except as provided in sections 318 and
404 of this Act, the Administrator may, after opportunity
for public hearing, issue a permit for the discharge of
any pollutant, or combination of pollutants, notwithstanding
section 301(a), upon condition that such discharge will
meet either all applicable requirements under sections
301, 302, 306, 307, 308, and 403 of this Act, or prior
to the taking of necessary implementing actions relating
to all such requirements, such conditions as the Adminis-
trator determines are necessary to carry out the provisions
of this Act.
(2) The Administrator shall prescribe conditions for such
permits to assure compliance with the requirements of
paragraph (1) of this subsection, including conditions
on data and information collection, reporting, and such
other requirements as he deems appropriate.
(3) The perr.it program of the Administrator under
paragraph (1) of this subsection, and permits issued
thereunder, shall be subject to the same terms, conditions,
and requirements as apply to a State permit program and
permits issued thereunder under subsection (b) of this
section
(b) At any time after the promulgation of the guidelines
required by subsection (h) (2) of section 304 of this Act,
the Governor of each State desiring to administer its
own permit program for discharges into navigable waters
within its jurisdiction may submit to the Administrator
a full and complete description of the program it pro-
poses to establish and administer under State law or under
an interstate compact. In addition, such State shall
submit a statement from the attorney general (or the
attorney for those State water pollution control agencies
which have independent legal counsel), or from the
chief legal officer in the case of an interstate agency,
that the laws of such State, or the interstate compact,
as the case may be, provide adequate authority to
carry out the described program.
PERMITS FOR DREDGED OR FILL MATERIAL
Sec. 404. (a) The Secretary of the Army, acting through
the Chief of Engineers, may issue permits, after notice
and opportunity for public hearings for the discharge
of dredged or fill material into the navigable waters
at specified disposal sites.
110
APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal Water Pollution DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
Control Act. Amendments
of 1972 (Continued) Sec. 405. (b) The Administrator shall issue regulations
governing the issuance of permits for the disposal of
sewage sludge subject to this section. Such regulations
shall require the application to such disposal of each
criterion, factor, procedure, and requirement applicable
to a permit issued under section 402 of this title, as
the Administrator determines necessary to carry out
the objective of this Act.
(c) Each State desiring to administer its own permit
program for disposal of sewage sludge within its
jurisdiction may do so if upon submission of such
program the Administrator determines such program is
adequate tc carry out the objective of this Act.
ln APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Executive Order 11548
Delegating functions of the
President under the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act,
as amended (Continued)
Section 1. Delegations to the Secretary of the
Interior. There is hereby delegated to the Secretary
of the Interior responsibility and authority
f) to carry out the provisions of subsection (a)
1) of section 12, of the Act, relating to the
designation of hazardous substances, other than
oil, which when discharged into or upon the navi-
gable waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines of the continguous zone, present an
imminent and substantial danger to public health
or welfare;
(g) in consultation with the Secretary of Transpor-
tation, to carry out the provisions of subsection (a)
(2) of section 12 of the Act, relating to the esta-
blishment of recommended methods for the removal of
hazardous substances within the meaning of subsection
(a) (1) of section 12 of the Act.
Section 2. Delegations to the Secretary of Transpor-
tation responsibility and authority.
(c) to administer the revolving fund established pur-
suant to subsection (k) of section 11 of the Act;
(e) in consultation with the Secretary of the Inter-
ior, to carry out the provisions of subsection (g)
of section 12 of the Act, including the preparation
of a report for submission by the President to the
Congress.
Section 4. Delegation to the Council on Environ-
mental Quality, (a) There is hereby delegated to the
Council of Environmental Quality the responsibility
and authority to carry out the provisions of sub-
section (c) (2) of section 11 of the Act, providing
for the preparation, publication, revision or amend-
ment of a National Contingency Plan for the removal
of oil (hereinafter referred to as the National Con-
tingency Plan).
Section 5. Other delegations, (a) There is hereby
delegated to the Secretary of the Interior and to
the Secretary of Transportation, respectively, in
and for the waters and areas assigned to each in
section 306.2 of the National Contingency Plan
(35 F.R. 8511) responsibility and authority.
(5) to carry out the provisions of subsection (d)
of section 12 of the Act, relating to the removal
of discharged hazardous substances.
112
APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE AUTHORIZED ACTION
Executive Order 11548 Section 6. Agency to Receive Notices of Discharges
(Continued) of Oil or Hazardous Substances. The Coast Guard is
hereby designated the "appropriate agency" for the
purpose of receiving the notice of discharge of oil
required by subsection (b) (4) of section 11 of the
Act and for the purpose of receiving the notice of
discharge of any hazardous substance required by sub-
section (c) of section 12 of the Act. The Commandant
of the Coast Guard shall issue regulations implement-
ing this designation.
Section 9. Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970. Upon
the taking effect of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of
1970, the responsibility and authority conferred
upon the Secretary of Interior by this order, includ-
ing the authority conferred by reason of his designa-
tion in the National Contingency Plan, and including
the responsibility to consult with other officers,
shall vest in the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency: Provided, that the Administrator
shall thereafter consult with the Secretary of the
Interior regarding the responsibility and authority
delegated by section 1 (a) of this order and officers
who by this order are required to consult with the
Secretary of Interior shall consult with the Admin-
istrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
113 APPENDIX B
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Reorganization Plan No. 3 of
1970'
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Section 1. Establishment of Agency, (a) There is
hereby established the Environmental Protection
Agency, hereinafter referred to as the "Agency".
Section 2. Transfers to Environmental Protection
Agency, (a) There are hereby transferred to the
Administrator:
(1) All functions vested by law in the Secretary of
the Interior and the Department of the Interior which
are administered through the Federal Water Quality
Administration, all functions which were transferred
to the Secretary of the Interior by Reorganization
Plan No. 2 of 1966 (80 Stat. 1608), and all functions
vested in the Secretary of the Interior or the Depart-
ment of the Interior by the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act or by provisions of law amendatory or
supplementary thereof.
114
APPENDIX 13
-------
STATUTE
AUTHORIZED ACTION
Environmental Protection Agency,
Designation of Hazardous Sub-
stances Notice of Proposed Rule
Making (40 CFR Part 118)
Notice is hereby given that the Administrator,
Environmental Protection Agency, pursuant to the
authority contained in section 12(a) (1) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act {33 U.S.C.
1162(a) (1)] which was delegated to the Secretary
of the Interior by the President in Executive Order
No.11548 (Section 9) dated July 20, 1970 (35 F.R.
11677) and transferred to the Administrator by Re-
organization Plan No. 3, 1970, proposes to adopt a
new Part 118. The term "discharge" is defined by
the statute as including "any spilling, leaking,
pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping".
While this definition covers continuous as well as
noncontiguous, spill-type discharges, this proposed
regulation would only require notification or non-
continuous, spill-type discharges. Notification of
the discharge of a designated hazardous polluting
substance is required regardless of the quantity
discharged or the expected harm.
Section 2 Definitions
(g) "Mixture" means mixtures of any kind or in any
form, including, but not limited to, mixtures in
containers and vessels and waste water effluents.
Section 3 Designation of Hazardous Substances
(3)...Sludge, Digested Sewage
Sludge, Raw, Undigested Sewage
For the purposes of section 12(c) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, all of the elements,
compounds or their isomers, ions or mixtures included
within the provisions of section 3 above are hazard-
ous substances.
115
APPENDIX B
-------
APPENDIX C
STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION
INTRODUCTION
For each State, the following items have been tabulated: Statutory
(State law) requirement to report discharges of raw or partially
treated municipal wastewater; State Water Pollution Control Agency
regulation requiring reporting of municipal wastewater spills; State
certification/permit program for municipal discharges; and a system
of penalties and/or fines for water pollution incidents. A listing
of State Water Pollution Control Laws used to develop these tables is
included in this Appendix„
PURPOSE
The purpose of the State Law/Regulation tabulation is to illustrate a
legal requirement for reporting a spill of raw or inadequately treated
municipal wastewater to an appropriate State Water Pollution Control
Agency. Table 3 - State Law Tabulation shows majority of State Legis-
latures have not deemed it necessary to include reporting requirements
in their water pollution control law. However, most laws do give the
State Water Pollution Control Agencies the oower to make such regula-
tions as they feel are necessary to maintain the water quality standards
of the State. The table also shows that most State Water Pollution
Control Agencies have adopted regulations that require spill reporting.
The permit systems now employed by many of the States and now required
by EPA can provide a valuable mechanism for helping to establish spill
reporting criteria,, The system can also be used to ensure municipal
wastewater treatment system owners develop acceptable local emergency
operating and response programs.
116 APPENDIX C
-------
NOTE: All State Water Pollution Control Agencies were contacted and
asked for copies of their current water pollution control laws
and agency regulations. Water pollution control legislation
is constantly changing at both the State and Federal levels.
The information contained in this Appendix reflects each State's
status at the time of this manual's development.
117 APPENDIX C
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TABLE 3 - STATE LAM TABULATION
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawai 1
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
WATER POLLUTION
STATUTORY REQUIREMENT CONTROL AGENCY STATE HAS A
TO REPORT DISCHARGES REGULATION REQUIRES CERTIFICATION/
OF RAW OR PARTIALLY REPORTING OF PERMIT SYSTEM
TREATED MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL WASTE- FOR MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER WATER SPILLS DISCHARGES
X
X
X
X
X
X X
f ' . ' .•'•'" ; v , - ' \"
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
x x
X
X X
X
X X x
X X
X X
x x
x x
x x
X
SYSTEM OF FINES
AND/OR PENALTIES
FOR MUNICIPAL
WATER POLLUTION
INCIDENTS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
• '• ' ' ;
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
118
APPENDIX C
-------
STATE
Alabama
LAW
Water Pollution Control
Act
REFERENCE
Act No. 1260, S.79, Laws of
1971 Regular Session, Sec.
4 (h) and Sec. 4(0).
ADMINISTERING AGENCY
Water Improvement Commission
State Office Building
Montgomery, Alabama 36104
Alaska
Water Pollution Control
Act
Senate Bill 75, Chapter 120,
Laws 1971 (Sec. 46.03.100 and
Sec. 46.03.760).
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Pouch 0
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Arizona
Arkansas
Water Quality Control
Act
Water & Air Pollution
Control Act
Revised Statutes Ch. 16, Article 1,
36-1851 et seq.
(Amended Law 1971)
Act 472 of 1949 as amended
by Act 183 of 1965 (Section
82-901 et seq., Ark. Stats.)
Water Quality Control Council
State Board of Health
Environmental Health Services
1624 West Adams Street
Phoenix, Arizona 85007
Department of Pollution Control
& Ecology
1100 Harrington Avenue
Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
California
Porter-Cologne Water
Quality Control Act
Division 7, Ch. 4, Art. 4, Sec.
13260 and Ch. 5, Art. 5, Sec.
13350 (as amended through 1971)
Water Resources Control Board
Room 1015 Resources Building
1416 Ninth Street
Sacramento, California 95814
Colorado
Water Pollution Control
Act
Chapter 66 - Article 28 (1970 Amend-
ment - Senate Bills No. 35 and 45)
(1971 Amendment - Senate Bill No.
298)
Department of Health
Water Pollution Control Division
4210 East 11th Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80220
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Clean Water Act
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Water Pollution Control
Law
Public Act 872, Laws 1971
H.B. 9254, Approved June
25, 1971
Department of Environmental
Protection
State Office Bldg., Room 539
Hartford, Connecticut 06115
Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Control
Water and Air Resources Comm.
P. 0. Box 916
Dover, Delaware 19901
Department of Environmental Ser.
Environmental Health Adminis.
Water Resources Management Adm.
Presidential Building, 415
12th Street, N.W.
Washington, D. C. 20004
Florida
Air and Water Pollution
Control Act
Chapter 403, Florida Statues
1967 (As amended through 1971)
Pollution Control Board
Department of Pollution Control
Tallahassee Bank Bldg. Suite 300
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Georgia
Water Quality Control
Act
Act. No. 870 (H.B. 730)
(As amended through 1971)
Water Quality Control Board
47 Trinity Avenue, S.W. Room (>09
Atlanta, Georgia 30334
Hawaii
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Hawaii, Revised Statutes'as
amended by Act 100, 1972
Department of Health (Environmental
Health Division)
Board of Health
P. 0. Box 3378
Honolulu, Hawaii 96801
119
APPENDIX C
-------
STATE
Idaho
LAW
Environmental Protection and
Health Act of 1972
REFERENCE
House Bill No. 610, as
amended In the Senate by
State Affairs Committee"
ADMINISTERING AGENCY
Board of Environmental
Protection and Health
State House,
Boise, Idaho 83707
Illinois
Environmental Protection
Act
Title 4, Section 12b; Title
12, Section 42 (as amended through
1971)
Environmental Protection Agency
Pollution Control Board
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, Illinois 62706
Indiana
Iowa
Stream Pollution Control
Law
Water Pollution Control
Law
Ch. 214, Acts of 1943, as
amended by Ch. 132, Acts of
1945, Ch. 64, Acts of 1957,
as amended; Senate Enrolled Act
No. 100, An Act to Amend 1C 1971,
Title 13.
Stream Pollution Control Board
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46206
Water Pollution Control Comm.
Department of Health
Lucas State Office Bldg.
Des Molnes, Iowa 50319
Kansas
Water Pollution Control
Law
K.S.A. 65-161 et. seq., (1967)
Department of Health
Board of Health
Topeka, Kansas 66612
Kentucky
Water Pollution Control
Ch. 224 (KRS 224.010 to 224.130 and
224.990), 1950 as emended by H.B.
370 (3/30/70)
Water Pollution Control Comm.
275 East Maine Street
Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
Louisiana
Maine
Stream Control Commission
Acts
Water Pollution Control
Law
title 56, Ch. 3, Part 1,
Section 1431 et. seq. (As
amended through 1971.)
Title 38, Ch. 3, Revised Statutes
of 1964. As amended 1971
Stream Control Commission
Wildlife 8 Fisheries Conn.
Department of Health
P. 0. Drawer FC, University Sta.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Environmental Improvement Comm.
State House
Augusta, Maine 04330
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Water Pollution
Control Laws
Clean Water Act
Water Pollution Control
Law
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Article 43 (Sec. 387 to 427)
Annotated Code of Maryland as
amended by Laws 1970,
Ch. 21, General Laws as amended
through the Acts of 1970
Act 245, Public Acts of 1929 as
amended by Act 117, P.A. 1949;
Act 165, P.A. 1963; Act 405, P.A.
1965; Act. 167, P.A. 1968; Act
209, P.A. 1968; Act 200, P.A. 1970
*Department of Natural Resources
*Department of Water Resources
Department of Health & Mental Hygiene
2305 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218
*State Office Building
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
Water Resources Commission
Division of Water Pollution Control
Leverett Saltonstall Bldg.
Government Center
Boston, Massachusetts 02202
Water Resources Commission
Stevens T. Mason Bldg., Sta.
Lansin, Michigan 48926
Pollution Control Agency
717 Delaware Street S.E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
Mississippi
Mater Pollution Control
Law
Air & Water Pollution Control Comm.
P. 0. Box 827
Jackson, Mississippi 39205
Missouri
Clean Water Law
Senate Bill No. 424
Ch. 204.026 Para. 13 and
Ch. 204.076 Para. 1 (1972).
Water Pollution Board
P. 0. Box 154
Jefferson City, Missouri
65101
120
APPENDIX C
-------
STATE
LAU
REFERENCE
ADMINISTERING AGENCY
Montana
Water Pollution
Control Act
Title 69, Ch. 48, RCM, 1947,
Section 69 - 4806 and 69-4823
(As amended through 1971)
State Department of
Health and Environmental
Sciences
Helena, Montana 59601
Nebraska
Nevada
Environmental
Protection Act
Water Pollution
Control Law
New Hampshire Water Pollution
Control Lav/
Sections 81-1501 to 81-1532 (1971)
As amended by L.B. 1435 (1972)
NRS 445.130 to 445.385
(1971)
Revised Statutes Annotated,
Ch. 149 as amended. (1971)
Department of Environmental
Control
Environmental Control Council •
State House Station
Lincoln, Nebraska
Commission of Environmental
Protection
Department of Health, Welfare
and Rehabilitation
Environmental Protection
Hearing Board
Carson City, Nevada 89701
Water Supply and Pollution
Control Commission
105 Loudon Road, Prescott Park
Concord, New Hampshire 03301
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Environmental
Protection Act
Water Quality Act
State Environmental
Conservation Law
North Carolina Water & Air Resources
Act
Water Pollution
Control Law
R.S. 58: 11-12, 12-3 as amended
by Chapter 91, N. J. Laws of
1970.
Ch. 190, Laws of 1967 (As amended
by Ch. 64, Laws of 1970 and by
Ch. 277, Laws of 1971) 75-39-1
through 75-39-12 NMSA
Public Health Law Art. 12
as amended (1972)
Ch. 143 Art. 21 as amended
Ch. 479, Sections 61-28-01
through 61-28-08 (1967)
Department of Environmental
Protection
P. 0. Box 1390
Trenton, New Jersey 08625
Water Quality Control Comm.
Environmental Improvement
Agency
P. 0. Box 2348
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Department of Environmental
Conservation
State Environmental Broad
Albany, New York
Board of Water & Air Resources
P. 0. Box 9392
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Water Pollution Control Board
Department of Health
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Ohio
Water Pollution
Control Act
Sections 6111.01 et. seq.
as amended (1967)
Water Pollution Control Board
P. 0. Box 118
Columbus, Ohio 43216
Oklahoma
Oregon
Water Pollution
Control Statutes
Water & Air
Pollution Control
Laws
Title 63 Oklahoma Statutes 1971
Oregon Revised Statutes, Ch. 449
(1971 Replacement Part)
Department of Pollution Control
Water Resources Board
Department of Health
3400 North Eastern
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105
Department of Environmental
Quality
Environmental Quality Comm.
P. 0. Box 231
Portland, Oregon 97201
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
The Clean Streams
Law
Water Pollution
Control Law
Department of Environmental
Resources
Environmental Quality Board
Environmental Hearing Board
P. 0. Box 2351
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105
Environmental Quality Board
P. 0. Box 11785
Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910
121
APPENDIX C
-------
STATE
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
LAW
Water Pollution
Control Law
Pollution Control Act
Water Pollution
Control Law
Water Quality Control
Act of 1971
Water Quality Act
REFERENCE
General Laws of 1956, Title 46
Ch. 12 as amended by PL 170,
1958, PL 89, 1963, PL 261, 1966
PL 198, 1967, PL 88, 1970. PL
289, 1970, PL 103, 1971, PL 236,
1971
Act 1157-1971 as amended by the
1971-1972 General Appropriation
Act for the fiscal year 1971-1972
Ch. 164 Public Acts of 1971 as
amended by Ch. 386 Public Acts
of 1971, Ch. 444 Public Acts of
1972, Ch. 631 Public Acts of 1972
Chapter 21, Subchapter C
Section 21.079 and 21.091;
Subchapter E, Section 21.252
A8HINISTERING AGENCY
Department of Health
335 State Office Building
Providence, Rhode Island 02903
South Carolina Pollution
Control Authority
1321 Lady Street
Owen Building
Columbia, S.C.
Committee on Water Pollution
State Department of Health
(Division of Sanitary
Engineering & Environmental
Protection)
Pierre, S.D. 57501
Water Quality Board
Department of Public Health
6th Avenue North
Nashville, Tennessee 37219
Texas Water Quality Board
314 W. llth Street
Austin, Texas 78701
Utah
Water Pollution Control
Act
Title 73, Ch. 14, Utah Code
Annotated, 1953 as amended
1967.
Water Pollution Committee
44 Medical Drive
Salt Lake City, Utah 84113
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Control Law
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Pollution Control
Law
Protection of Public
Water Supply Act
Title 10, Vermont Statutes
Annotated, Ch. 33 as amended
(1972)
Ch. 3.1, Title 62.1 Code of
Va., 1950, as amended (1970)
Chapter 90.48 RCW (1970)
Section 90.48.140 and 90.48.160.
Ch. 20, Article 5A, Code of
West Virginia as amended (1969).
Ch. 144, Wisconsin Statutes
(1967)
Article 2, Section 35-184
et seq., as amended Laws 1957
Department of Water Resources
Water Resources Board
5 Court Street
Montpelier, Vermont 05602
State Water Control Board
P. 0. Box 11143
Richmond, Virginia 23230
Department of Ecology
Ecological Commission
Pollution Control Hearings
Board
P. 0. Box 829
Olympia, Washington 9850'!
Department of Natural Resources
Water Resources Board
State Department of Health
(Division of Sanitary Eng.
1201 Greenvrier Street
Charleston, West Virginia
Department of Natural Resources
Natural Resources Board
P. 0. Box 450
Madison, Wisconsin 53701
Sanitary Engineering Services
Stream Pollution Control
Advisory Council
State Office Building
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
122
APPENDIX C
-------
STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS, SPRINGFIELD
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND, BALTIMORE
MARYLAND, ANNAPOLIS
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
*Emergency plan may be for oil
or in the planning stage.
REPLY
RECEIVED
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
and/or hazardous materials.
HAVE
EMERGENCY
PLAN*
X
X
X
X
X
X '
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Plans may be existing, tentati*
C-l. Results of request for contingency plan information from State agencies.
123
APPENDIX C
-------
HAVE
REPLY EMERGENCY
INTERSTAGE AGENCY RECEIVED PLAN
BI-STATE DEVELOPMENT
AGENCY X
INTERSTATE SANITATION
COMMISSION
OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER
SANITATION COMMISSION X X
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN
COMMISSION X X
KLAMATH RIVER COMPACT
COMMISSION X
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION
INTERSTATE COMMISSION ON THE
POTOMAC RIVER BASIN X
NEW ENGLAND INTERSTATE WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL COMM.
* Emergency plan may be for oil and/or hazardous materials. Plans may be existing,
tentative or in planning stage.
C-2. Results of request for contingency plan information from interstate agencies.
124
APPENDIX C
-------
SAMPLE
(NAME OF CITY)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PAMPHLET*
GENERAL BACKGROUND
Our section of the country experiences
natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes,
etc.) on a recurring basis. This pam-
phlet has been prepared to serve as a
guideline to prepare for and respond
to this type of disaster.
The goal of this document is to dissem-
inate information to all personnel
within the treatment system. An inform-
ed and organized staff is essential
in responding efficiently to emer-
gency situations.
GENERAL INFORMATION
' All supervisors will meet with System
Superintendent when watch alert is
issued.
' Supervisor's responsibilities:
' Report emergency conditions.
0 Maintain a log of all emer-
gency activities.
° Provide list of personnel
to be on duty. (Provide
time for these men to return
home and arrange for pro-
tection of their familities.)
* Standby power equipment to be used
only after power failure occurs.
• Off duty personnel monitor local
radio/television stations for work
schedule information.
' Superintendent will provide for welfare
of men on duty during disaster (food,
bedding, etc.)
DETAILED PROCEDURES (Hurricane/Severe Weather
Watch Alert)
" Superintendent
* Organize staff.
" Maintain continuous monitoring of
weather condition,
' Check out communications equipment.
DETAILED PROCEDURES (Hurricane/Severe
Weather Warning Alert)
" Superintendent
' Initiate emergency response plan.
0 Maintenance crews
° Check emergency generators and
fuel supply.
* Secure pump stations as directed.
' Treatment Plant Operators
* Check all emergency equipment.
' Check chemical inventories.
* Coordinate with maintenance
personnel to secure equipment.
POST DISASTER ACTIONS
' Perform severity analysis
' Organize crews as personnel report
for work to repair priority items.
' Submit assistance requests immedi-
ately to expedite and coordinate
acquisition of supplies and parts.
FACILTIIES
Treatment Plants
and Pumping Phone
Stations Number
Main Control Building
Maintenance Shop
Chlorine Building
Digester Building
Pump Station #1
Pump Station §2
COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION
Phone
Number
Radio Call
Sign
Dept. of Public Works
Police
Fire
PERSONNEL
Home
Phone
Title/Name
System Supt.
Asst. System Supt.
Maintenance Supvr.
Chief Operator
EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS
Emergency
Duty
Assignment
Main Control
Bldg.
Main Control
Bldg.
Maintenance
Shop
Main Control
Bldg.
Installation
(Permanent/
HP KW Location Portable)
450 250 Pump Sta. Portable
#1
450 250 Main Plant Permanent
Function
Pump
Station
Half of
Treat.
Plant
* Similar to Pamphlet used in Ft.
Lauderdale, Florida
APPENDIX D
-------
SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
!. fieij
No.
w
4. Title
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAMS FOR MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
STATE-LOCAL ASPECTS
> R> u.
Johnson, W. M.
>j and
9. Organization
Wiley & Wilson, Inc.
Engineers . Architects . Planners
Lynchburg, Virginia
1 ?. Spon<-oriog 0rgani zs;inn
15. Supplementary Notes
.V. R
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