Final


             Environmental Statement



         OCEAN OUTFALL EXTENSION PROJECT

                  (WPC-CAL-468)


            Carmel Sanitary District

               Carmel, California
                   prepared by
         Environmental Protection Agency
                    Region IX
              100 California Street
           San Francisco, California

                      and

California State Water Resources Control Board
               1416 Ninth Street
            Sacramento, California
                   March, 1972

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                       Page

Summary of Environmental Impact
  Statement	      1

Background and Description of the Project	      2

Probable Impact of the Project on the
  Environment	      5
Probable Adverse Effects Which Cannot
  be Avoided	     10

Alternatives to the Proposed Action	     11

Short-Term Use vs. Long-Term Productivity	     13

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments
  of Resources	     13

Local Objections to the Project	     14

List of References	     17

Appendix A:  Receiving Water Monitoring
             Program for Carmel Bay	
Appendix B:  Comments Received on the
             Draft EIS	,
Appendix C:  Response to Comments not Covered
             in the Text of the Statement	

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Type of Statement;

Responsible Federal Agency:


Type of Action;

Description of Action;
Summary of Impact and
  Effects:
Alternatives Considered;
 SUMMARY

   Final

:   Environmental  Protection Agency,
   Region  IX

   Administrative

   Carmel  Sanitary  District is
   constructing an  ocean  outfall
   sewer extension  in  Carmel Bay  off
   the  central coast of California in
   Monterey County.  The  project  is
   an interim measure  to  relieve
   existing pollution  problems  and
   is in part being funded  by the
   Environmental  Protection Agency
   Federal Grant  funds (Section 8,
   P. L. 84-660 et  seq.).
   The principal  environmental  impact
   will be  to  lower  existing  conditions
   of pollution near the  shore  line
   in Carmel Bay.  The  principal
   adverse  effect will  be the
   existence of a waste water discharge
   in an  area  that is included  in  a
   proposed enlargement of  the
   Pt. Lobos Underwater Reserve of
   the California State Park  system.

   Other  alternatives considered were
   a longer outfall  sewer extending
   seaward  beyond Carmel  Bay, land
   disposal by irrigation and by
   evaporation-percolation  ponds.
   Additional  long-range  alternate
   solutions are  currently  under study
   by a regional  water  quality  planning
   agency with State and  Federal
   financial support.

   The draft statement  was  made avail-
   able to  the CEQ and  the  public  on
   September 13,  1971.  This  Final
   Statement was  made available to
   the CEQ  and the public on  March 1,
   1972.
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Section 102 (2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act
requires Federal agencies to prepare detailed environomental
statements on major Federal actions significantly affecting
the quality of the human environment.  The Environmental
Protection Agency, Region IX, under Section 8 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, has offered Federal
grant funds to the Carmel Sanitary District to assist in the
construction of this project.

The California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 assigns
similar responsibilities to State agencies.  Since State funds
have also been requested to support this project, the
California State Water Resources Control Board has participated
in the preparation of this joint statement.

An impact statement should assess in detail the potential environ-
mental impact of the action proposed.  Comments on the adequacy
of the assessment contained in the draft statement were solic-
ited from Federal, State, and local agencies; and interested
private organizations and individuals.

The final statements and comments have been submitted to the
Council on Environmental Quality and will be the basis for
future State and Federal actions with respect to this project.

Background and Description of the Project

Waste water collection from the area in and around the City of
Carmel, California, is provided by the Carmel Sanitary District.
The District has also begun to provide service under a recent
agreement to the Pebble Beach Sanitary District located north
of Carmel.  The  collected sanitary waste waters  (the service
area has a separate storm drainage system) are conveyed to
a treatment plant located on the Carmel River about a half-
mile from the Carmel Bay shore where the Carmel River State
Beach, administered by the California Department of Parks and
Recreation, is located  (see Figure 1).  The present waste water
flow of 1.5 m.g.d.  (million gallons per day) is currently
given primary  (sedimentation) treatment.  A portion of the flow
is percolated through sand beds, collected from the sand beds
by underdrains,  mixed with the remainder of the primary
effluent, and discharged to Carmel Bay.  It is discharged
through a 14-inch cast-iron pipe which terminates approximately
200 feet from the shore at one foot below mean lower low water
in a rocky area  between beaches.

For disinfection, chlorine is applied to the waste water just
prior to its entering the outfall line, which has been in
use since 1951.  In 1947 the District began applying some
primary effluent to nearby agricultural lands.  It currently
disposes of approximately 400,000 gallons per day in this


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manner during the six-month irrigation season.  Sludge  from
the treatment plant is dried and used as a soil conditioner.
In the future, if all of the sludge cannot be disposed  of  in
this manner, some other land based disposal method will be
found.  In no case will any sludge be discharged to the ocean.

These treatment and disposal systems have been proven ineffec-
tive in the past in preventing both bacteriological contamination
of offshore waters and effects adverse to the marine biota
in the vicinity of the point of discharge.  Following a period
of excessive bacterial contamination in 1969, the nearby beaches
were closed to swimming by the Monterey County Health Depart-
ment.  In addition to high bacterial densities, the close
proximity of the waste discharge to the beach areas made the
use of these beaches hazardous, since a relatively low  amount
of dilution of the waste by sea water is provided by virtue
of the method and location of the waste discharge.(30)*

The Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a cease and
desist order to the District in December of 1969.  As an
immediate corrective action the District began adding much
higher dosages of chlorine.  Using this method, the District's
effluent ceased contributing to the bacterial pollution of
the receiving waters of Carmel Bay.

Studies carried out at the Hopkins Marine Station in the
spring of 1970 (33) (45) showed damage to marine plants and
animals in the immediate vicinity of the discharge point.

Laboratory studies also showed both heavily chlorinated and
unchlorinated sewage to be lethal to intertidal animals.   A
decrease in photosynthetic activity of various seaweeds was
observed in the laboratory and was attributed to residual
chlorine levels.  A major kelp bed plant (Macrocystis)  was
found to be particularly susceptible to chlorine damage.

In order to eliminate these adverse pollutional effects, the
District adopted a Master Plan in April 1968 to increase the
level of waste water treatment using the activated sludge
(secondary) process and to extend its ocean outfall farther
from shore into deeper waters where improved dispersion and
dilution would be achieved.  This environmental impact  state-
ment is directed to the ocean outfall extension project.

The proposed outfall construction is an extension of 895 feet of
24-inch pipe  (see Figure 1).  Approximately the last 100
feet will be a diffuser section containing ten 4-inch diameter
ports.  The outfall pipe will be a cement-mortar lined  and
coated steel cylinder.  The outfall pipe will be buried and
encased with a minimum cover of 1 and 1/2 feet of concrete.
  Numbers in parentheses refer to List of References.

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The new outfall line will tie into the existing outfall at a
point 330 feet landward from the mean sea level line.  Thus,
the outfall line will extend approximately 600 feet from the
high water line and 400 feet from the low water line and will
discharge in a depth of 40 to 45 feet of water.  The diffuser
nozzles will project 3 feet above the top of the pipe and
end in 90° elbows.  The effluent will discharge horizontally.

In March 1969, the District applied to the California State
Water Resources Control Board for a Federal construction grant
under Section 8, P.L. 84-660, as amended.  The State Board
approved the project and certified the application to the
Environmental Protection Agency in May, 1970.  The District
also applied to the Corps of Engineers for a permit to construct
the project in navigable waters.  In accordance with Section
21b of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the State
Water Resources Control Board certified to the Corps of Engineers
that there was reasonable assurance that the waste water
discharge would comply with State/Federal water quality
standards.  The Corps of Engineers permit was granted subject
to the condition imposed by the Environmental Protection Agency
that only waste waters having received secondary treatment
would be conveyed through the outfall extension.

The effluent from the new secondary treatment faciltiies now
under construction will be discharged through the extended
outfall.  Listed below are the characteristics of the effluent
presently being discharged through the existing nearshore out-
fall and the design characteristics expected for the new
treatment process (as supplied by the District). •

Characteristic            Units     Existing     Projected

Flow 1971                    MGD        1.5           1.5
     1985                    MGD         -            3.0

Biochemical Oxygen Demand   mg/1      188          L 20

Suspended Solids            mg/1       42          L 20

Settleable Solids           ml/1        0.2        4.  0.1

NBAS (detergents)           mg/1        6.3        ^  2

Grease                      mg/1       22          L 20

Pesticides & insecticides
  DDT, Chlorodane, Endrin, ODD, DDE, Heptachlor, Heptachlorepoxide,
  Aldrin, Lindane, Dieldrin  (each)
                            mg/1      £0.02          0.02

Mercury                     mg/1        0.0006        0.0006

Cadmium                     mg/1       £0.05          0.05
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The Environmental Protection Agency made an offer of Federal
grant funds to the District in October, 1970.  As a required
condition for the grant offer the District agreed to initiate
a comprehensive program acceptable to the State for monitoring
the quality of the receiving waters of Carmel Bay to detect
any damage that might occur to the marine environment.   (See
Appendix A)  This monitoring program is currently being  studied
by the State Water Resources Control Board, in cooperation with
the State Department of Fish and Game and the State Department
of Parks and Recreation, and may be revised to provide a better
understanding of the environmental effects of the outfall.  The
District agreed that it would, by February 1, 1974, make one
or more of the following additional improvements if these were
found necessary by the State and Federal pollution control agencies
as a result of the monitoring program:

      (1)  Extend the outfall,

      (2)  Increase the degree of treatment,

      (3)  Implement an alternate method of discharge or
          waste water reclamation.

The California Department of Parks and Recreation, in granting
a temporary use permit to the.District for construction  of
the outfall across Carmel State Beach Park lands, stipulated
that the installation was to represent a short term solution
to a very critical problem and that the ultimate long term
solution will be the complete discontinuance of discharging
effluent into Carmel Bay.

Thus, this project is recognized by the District as an interim
solution to an immediate pollution problem.  Additional
measures will be taken as found necessary to protect the marine
environment.

In April, 1971, the District authorized the award of a
construction contract of $408,400, for extension of the
present outfall.  Completion of construction is expected in
January, 1972.

Because of the controversy that has developed surrounding this
project, the Region IX office of the Environmental Protection
Agency has suspended further Federal action relating to  this
project pending the preparation and review of this environmental
impact statement.  Until this has been completed and a decision
has been reached, payment of Federal grant funds will be with-
held  from the project.

Probable Impact of the Project on the Environment

The principal environmental concern related to this project
is its impact upon the aquatic environment of Carmel Bay.

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Carmel Bay lies between the Monterey Peninsula on the north
and Point Lobos approximately 3 miles to the south.  It is a
little over one mile wide in an east-west direction.  The
bay shoreline contains a mixture of broad, clean sandy beaches,
rocky headlands, and bluffs providing magnificent marine
vistas and water-oriented recreation.  The southern end of
the Bay is formed by Point Lobos, the location of Point Lobos
State Reserve which the National Park Service has designated
a registered national landmark  (see Figure 2).  In addition
to the lands of the Point Lobos Peninsula, the reserve includes
750 acres of surrounding submerged land which formed the first
underwater reserve in the Nation.  These waters were designated
as a reserve because of their wide variety of flora and fauna
(10), unusual topography, outstanding natural beauty, and
favorable diving conditions.  The underwater reserve is
presently used for education, scientific research, underwater
photography, exploration, spearfishing, and general recreational
diving.  It is an outstanding area for skin-diving, as marine
biota can be viewed and studied in an undisturbed natural
environment.  There are two species of sea lions that inhabit
the waters surrounding Point Lobos.  It is the northernmost
breeding place for the California Brown Pelican and the home
of the California Sea Otter.  The California State Department
of Parks and Recreation, which administers this reserve has
proposed to extend the underwater park limits to include all
of Carmel Bay (see Figures 2 and 3).

The California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central
Coastal Region, has recognized the following beneficial
water uses of Carmel Bay as requiring protection:  scenic
attractions and esthetic enjoyment, the marine habitat for
sustenance and propagation of fish, aquatic and wildlife,
fishing, industrial water supply, boating, shipping, and
navigation, scientific study, and general beach recreation
including swimming and other water-contact activities.  State/
Federal water quality standards have been adopted in accordance
with the Water Quality Act of 1965.  These standards were
selected to provide.adequate protection to the recognized
beneficial uses of the waters of Carmel Bay  (9).

The Environmental impact of this project will be felt princi-
pally at the present discharge point, in areas along the
route of the new outfall line, at the proposed discharge
point, and possibly in the Bay as a whole.  At the present
discharge point the existing biological damage, health hazard,
and unesthetic condition can be essentially eliminated.  The
beaches can be allowed to remain open with confidence in the
increased reliability of contamination control provided by
the project.  Full usage of this presently fouled area could
be restored.  Any slightly abnormal Bay water salinity and
temperature conditions, at the present outfall location,
created by the present discharge would be eliminated.

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Biological damage can be expected along the route of the
outfall line during its construction.  In order to anchor
the pipe and to provide protection from storms and sand
movement, it will be placed in a trench cut into the rock
beneath the beach sand, into the exposed rock in the intertidal
and shallow subtidal zones and into the sea floor.  The sea
floor is predominately sandy for a few hundred feet and then
rocky for the remainder of the route.  The proposed trench
will be approximately 5 feet wide and 5 feet deep.  The entire
length of the outfall pipe, with the exception of the upper
portion of the diffuser nozzles, will be covered with a
minimum of 18 inches of concrete.

The major consequence of the outfall construction will be
temporary removal of plant and animal life in the path of
the trench excavation.  Several species of algae cling to
any available rock surfaces.  The most important of these
are found in water depths of over 15 feet and include some
Pterygophora sp., Nereocystis sp., and Macrocystis sp.
Pterygophora sp. include a large brown kelp which provides
a habitat for a variety of benthic invertebrates such as
chiton, snails, and anemones; some Nereocystis sp., the bull
or bulb kelp and some Macrocystis sp., the giant kelp, provide
habitat for a variety of fauna ranging from benthic and
neritic organisms to sea mammals.  Most of these algae are
annual plants and, therefore, should repopulate the damaged
areas within a few years.  The kelp may be expected to gain
a footing on the concrete covering as it did on the rocks.
Excess spoil material from the outfall pipe trench will be
disposed of along the sides of the trench and is expected to
be dissipated by currents in a short time.  Over a period
of a few years, as a result of the deposit of rocks and
sand, a substrate comparable to that originally present should
exist.

One other possible consequence of the construction is damage
to portions of the Carmel Canyon wall as the result of blasting
the outfall trench  The nearly vertical walls, which in some
places overhang, are cut into jointed granodiorite.  They may
be subject to crumbling under excessive stresses.  Blasting
will be controlled so as to meet the requirements of the
Department of Fish and Game.  The permit from Fish and Game
requires a warden to be on site at all times when blasting is
done.  Blasting will also be minimized to avoid damage to the
trestle to be used in laying the outfall pipe.

At the proposed point of discharge of the treated effluent,
the diffuser section will lie in the center of a kelp bed at
a depth of about 45 feet.  Initial dilution will be provided by
the jet action of the port.  This dilution continues as the
jet stream widens during its rise toward the surface.


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Computer modeling techniques were applied under two  sets of
conditions to approximately determine the vertical movement
and initial dilution of the waste water following discharge
to the Bay.  Under March conditions,  (assuming a
homogenous water column at a temperature of 10.5°C)  the
waste plume would reach the surface after being diluted 87 to
1.  Under average conditions for Carmel Bay, based upon four
years of observations in Monterey Bay  (assuming a linear
density gradient with temperatures of 12.0°C at the  surface
and 11.2°C at a depth of 35 feet) the waste plume would
surface after being diluted 78 to 1.

Several studies have been performed in attempts to determine
the current patterns in Carmel Bay.   Individual measurements
have shown currents moving in many different directions, but
not enough data is available to fully characterize the complex
circulation patterns in the Bay.  Therefore, it must be assumed
that during part of the year, currents will carry the waste
plume to the beaches of Carmel Bay.  To determine what effect
this ocurrence will have on water quality, a computer modeling
study was performed for Kennedy Engineers to estimate the
resulting coliform counts on the beaches.  The computer modeling
results given here assumes a flow rate of 1.50 mgd  (the present
flow) and an initial effluent coliform count of 10,000/lOOml.
If onshore currents 0.10 feet per second carry the waste
plume directly back to shore, the coliform count at  the beach,
considering die away, will be approximately 38/100ml.  If
currents carry the waste plume directly onto the Point Lobos
shoreline at 0.10 feet per second, the coliform count at
the beach will be approximately 0.06/100ml.  The water quality
standard established by the California Department of Public
Health for water contact sports is a maximum coliform count
of 1000/lOOml.  The effluent, under March conditions, would
be diluted approximately 400 to 1 if  it was carried  directly
on shore, and approximately 2000 to 1 at the Point Lobos
shoreline.  Under average conditions  in the Bay, the dilution
would be approximately the same as the March figures.

Thus, there should be little impact on the Point Lobos State
Reserve.  Bacterial densities in the Bay and at the  shoreline
should be readily controlled with far lower chlorine dosages
than are presently used because of the improved quality of
effluent and the high degree of dispersion and dilution possible
at the new discharge location.

Among the many forms of marine life presently found  in the
vicinity of the proposed discharge, probably the most
significant one is the giant kelp (Macrocystis perifera).  This
large species of alga provides a forest within which the sea
otter spends much of its time.  It also gives shelter to a
large number of fishes and is the substrate for many of the
marine invertebrates which compose the middle links  of the food
chain.
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Much research effort has been expended in the past to determine
whether the marine discharge of domestic waste waters has any
effect upon this species of kelp  (4, 11, 24, 35, 36, 38, 45,
57).  These studies have been under way since the early 1950's
and seem to indicate that, in southern California at least,
there could be damage occurring to the kelp and to some of
the invertebrates due to the discharge of a mixture of
municipal and industrial wastes following primary treatment.
It is questionable, however, whether these findings could be
transferred from an area of high population density and
industrial development to the colder waters of Carmel Bay which
will be receiving smaller quantities of more highly treated
effluent composed principally of domestic waste waters.

The apparent principal cause for the observed damage to the
southern kelp beds appears to be grazing by three different
species of sea urchins; at least one of which may be stimulated
in its growth and reproductive activities by the particulate
matter in the waste.  Such assistance to the life cycle of
the sea urchins results in larger numbers which, in turn,
over-graze the kelp.  In Carmel Bay there is a herd of about
145 sea otters which actively feed on some major invertebrates.
The order of preference would appear to be:  sea urchins,
abalone, mussels, starfish, crabs, and snails.  As a result
the numbers of sea urchins in the area have remained quite
low.  It is even possible that nutrient stimulation leading to
an increased sea urchin population might be an advantage to the
sea otters.  There also seems to be a geographical distribution
difference, wherein the sea urchin population north of Point
Conception, including Carmel Bay, is smaller and of a slightly
different species composition.

There are other municipal waste discharges in existence which
terminate within kelp beds off the coast of California.  Two
examples are the waste discharges of the cities of Santa
Barbara and Santa Cruz  (11).  Both have terminated in these
locations for over twenty years, and during that period, raw,
partially treated and chlorinated effluents and digested
sludges have, at various times, been discharged with no
apparent obvious detrimental effects on the kelp beds.
Unfortunately, no detailed studies have been made at these
locations to determine the precise effects of these waste
discharges on the entire biotic community.

There is some indication that particulate matter carried by
sewage effluents and, perhaps, other constituents of waste
waters can, under certain conditions, smother the gametes or
other microscopic products of marine plant reproduction and
inhibit algal growth and reproduction.  Also, the reduction of
light penetration due to the turbidity caused by poorly treated
waste water effluents could further contribute to the inhibition

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of marine plant growth.  Because of the degree of treatment
to be provided, the nature of the waste waters, and the
dilution and dispersion that should be achieved by this
project, it is not believed that these effects will be
significant in Carmel Bay as a result of the proposed discharge.

Thus, on the basis of what is known today, it can be concluded
that some damage to the marine environment will be detectable
in the vicinity of the outfall diffuser as a result of the
discharge.  This damage is not expected to be serious, but no
judgment can be made until the information produced by the
monitoring program is complete.

Considering Carmel Bay as a whole, the discharge of more highly
treated and less heavily chlorinated waste waters in a manner
designed to achieve better dilution and more rapid dispersion,
could be expected to have a beneficial effect on the Bay as
compared to its present condition.  Reduced amounts of
pollutants such as bacteria, low-grade toxicants, suspended
solids, and chlorine will be discharged to the Bay.  Concentrat-
ions of these pollutants in the receiving waters will be
further lowered through dilution and dispersion as compared
to present conditions.

Probable Adverse Effects Which Cannot Be Avoided

Damage to marine life that would occur during the construction
of the outfall line, as previously described, represents an
adverse effect which cannot be avoided by the project.  This
damage is expected to be short-lived, and substantially
complete recovery should occur within a reasonably short time
(11, 21, 24, 57).

Some, as yet undetermined amount, of damage will occur as a
result of the treated waste discharge itself.  The State Depart-
ment of Fish and Game has stated that "We believe that this
delicate marine community, which is dependent on a well-buffered
marine environment, may not withstand the lowered salinities,
chlorine, herbicides, and other unidentified constituents
associated with secondary treated domestic wastes."  (See
Appendix B)  The monitoring program should provide a realistic
estimate of the extent of this damage.

The creation of a waste plume approximately 100 feet long on
its main axis would represent an undesirable adverse esthetic
effect.  This would be true even though, as expected, the
plume would not be readily recognized.  Knowledge of its
presence would reduce the esthetic attractiveness of this area
to skin divers and boaters who are aware of its existence.

The presence of an unnatural influence upon the Bay such as
this waste water effluent discharge would impair the value of

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this particular location as a scientific laboratory for the
study of natural phenomena. /While existing development around
the watershed which drains to the Bay already precludes the
preservation of completely natural conditions, the presence
of this waste water discharge causes a further departure  from
the desired natural condition in the isolated area of the
waste discharge.

Alternatives to the Proposed Action

To take no action to correct the existing condition of
bacterial contamination and pollution would be an unacceptable
course of action and is not considered as an alternative
that should be evaluated further.  Other alternatives exist,
and they should be segregated into categories of short-range
or long-range alternatives.  Since the project which is being
discussed in this statement must be considered a short-term
interim solution, it should be compared to appropriate short-
range alternatives.  All long-range alternatives for disposal
of waste waters from the Carmel Valley and adjacent areas will
be studied as part of a recently initiated program to develop
a comprehensive water quality management plan for the central
coastal drainage basins.  This study, having an estimated
total cost of $868,000, has been undertaken by the Association
of Monterey Bay Area Governments, with both State and Federal
financial support.  It is scheduled for completion within two
years.  If found acceptable by the State and Federal governments,
the plan which is developed will be adopted as the officially
recognized plan upon which all subsequent State and Federal
pollution control actions will be based.

Two methods of land disposal of treated waste waters have
been investigated by the District.  Some treated waste water
is presently being used to irrigate a 130-acre artichoke  field
near the treatment plant site.  Under current cropping
conditions, it is possible to dispose of only a fraction of the
present annual flow by this method.  The District investigated
the use of this and adjacent land under changed cropping patterns
which would maximize the amount of waste water that could be
successfully applied.  It found that all of the present flow
could be applied during the six-month irrigation season if the
entire 220 acres of agricultural land available were used for
this purpose.  All of the flow during the wet weather months
would still have to be discharged to the ocean as would future
dry weather flows in excess of 1.7 m.g.d.  Since the current
discharge location is unsatisfactory, an extension of the
outfall would still be necessary if this alternate were selected.

The same agricultural land was considered for use for ponding
and disposal by percolation, but seepage from these ponds
would enter the Carmel River.  This would lead to accelerated
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eutrophication of the Carmel River Lagoon located at the river
mouth as was experienced about 20 years ago when this disposal
method was employed.  Disposal to the ponds would have to be
preceded by nutrient-removal treatment processes to prevent
these undesirable conditions from developing in the Carmel
River Lagoon.

In either of the above land-disposal alternatives the costs
of implementation would exceed $3 million, the approximate
cost of the land.  This was considered too great an invest-
ment to make prior to completion of a study of all long-range
solutions, which, it is hoped, would provide more acceptable
and more beneficial waste water reclamation and possible reuse
options.

The alternative of not extending the outfall and discharging
sewage with secondary treatment at the present outfall site
was considered.  This alternative was dismissed for the
following reasons:  1)  In order to meet water quality standards,
a waste discharge to shallow water would require much higher
degrees of chlorination than a discharge to deeper waters.
It was determined that the resulting chlorination would be more
damaging to the marine environment than would the construction
of an outfall extension to deeper water.  2)  Although the
surf zone would thoroughly mix the effluent, very little
dilution would take place compared to an outfall in deeper
water.  3)  Discharging to deeper water provides a factor of
safety  in the event of plant operation disruptions.  4)  The
County  and State Departments of Public Health found the present
outfall site to be unacceptable.

Alternatives for an outfall of medium length located elsewhere
in the  Bay, were also considered.  However, moving the pipe
from its proposed location would increase the costs, and
maintaining water quality in other parts of the Bay would
probably introduce the same problems as the proposed location.

A longer outfall that would take the effluent to deeper water
and provide even greater dilution and dispersion was considered.
However, the construction costs rapidly became very expensive
for extension beyond the proposed disposal point due to the
changing nature of the bottom.  Beyond this point the bottom
is made up of shifting sands which would require extremely
expensive anchoring to insure the stability of the outfall.  The
cost of an outfall extending seaward, beyond the limits of
Carmel  Bay, is estimated to be approximately $6 million.  This
alternative obviously would not eliminate the waste water from
the aquatic environment and because of the great cost involved
should  be considered only as a permanent disposal method.  Such
a commitment would be undesirable at this time and this
alternative, therefore, was rejected although not precluded
from later consideration.

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Other long-range alternatives that should be considered  include
consolidation with waste waters generated in the Monterey
area in a regional plan for treatment, reclamation, and  reuse.
These alternatives may include application to land  in the
Carmel Valley to replenish falling groundwater tables.   Land
disposal sites in even more remote locations, together with
wet weather storage facilities, should also be considered.
Advanced waste treatment of consolidated wastes from the
Monterey-Carmel areas should also be considered, if direct
reuse for industrial or other purposes can be shown to be
feasible and acceptable.

Short-Term Use vs. Long-Term Productivity

The short-term usage of Carmel Bay for discharge and assimila-
tion of treated waste water effluent is not expected to  affect
the long-term productivity of the Bay  (3, 4, 8, 41, 44,  49,
52, 53).  While no significant adverse effects are  expected,  a
comprehensive receiving water monitoring program will be
carried out.  Should the findings of this program indicate
that detectable damage is occurring, a more appropriate  long-
term solution would be developed and employed without delay.
Upon discontinuance of the use of the extended outfall,  what-
ever damage may have occurred would not be expected to have
permanent lasting effect on long-term productivity.  It  should
be possible to detect undesirable changes in the aquatic
environment before they become significant and before they
become permanent.  The marine environment should in this case
quickly recover and replenish itself when the damage-causing
action is terminated.

During planning studies of long-term solutions, consideration
may be given to the use of the proposed outfall extension as
part of a long-term solution, such as for emergency discharges
or for use during wet weather periods.  Any such decision
would have to be based on a finding of the monitoring program
that no significant effects, either short-term or projected
long-term, would be expected from such use.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

No irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources have
been identified.

The outfall is planned to be used for an interim period. If
it is discontinued natural conditions should be restored in
a relatively short period of time.  No decision on  any long-
term use would be made without an adequate demonstration that
the aquatic resources are unaffected.
                              -  13  -

-------
The outfall pipe trench, being 5 feet wide and  600  feet  long,
would represent a commitment of at least 3,000  square  feet  of
bottom to this purpose.  However, this is not considered an
irreversible commitment, since a relative quick recovery and
re-establishment of near natural conditions should  occur once
the construction of the line has been completed.

Local Objections to the Project

There have been a number of local objections to the ocean
outfall extension project, which represents the primary
reasons for preparation of this environmental impact statement.
The principal objections are listed below together with  a
description of attempts that were made  (if any) to  resolve
them.

An early objection to the outfall project was that, as
originally planned, it would discharge the poor quality
effluent currently being produced by the existing primary
(sedimentation) treatment plant.  This objection may have
contributed to the defeat of the first initiative place  on
the ballot by the District to authorize the sale of bonds to
raise revenues for sewerage improvements.  The  District
subsequently revised its plan to add secondary  treatment to
the existing treatment plant under a separate project.   A
subsequent bond issue passed with an 88 per cent "yes" vote.

Objections were raised that the proposal to extend the outfall
for discharge of secondary effluent would cause damage to a
shoreline property owner.  A lawsuit was filed  requesting a
preliminary injunction against the outfall project.  This
suit was dismissed for lack of evidence that the project would
have a detrimental effect on the plaintiff's property.

Objections were raised on the basis that the discharge of
secondary effluent through the extended outfall would  cause
damage to the marine resources of Carmel Bay.   To allay  these
fears, the District agreed to carry out a comprehensive
monitoring program satisfactory to the State that would  be
designed to detect any damage that might occur.  The District
further agreed that if this monitoring program  were to reveal
that any damage was taking place, or was likely to take  place,
it would take appropriate action by February 1, 1974,  to
eliminate the adverse conditions found.  Such action would
include one or a combination of the following actions:
extension of the outfall, upgrading of treatment beyond
secondary, and implementation of an alternative discharge
location, or waste water reclamation.
                             - 14 -

-------
Some District residents proposed that a nearby artichoke field
be used as a land disposal site so as to prevent any discharge
to the Bay and eliminate the possibility of damage to its
marine resources.  They apparently believed that this would
also serve the purpose of keeping this land in an undeveloped
state and would block proposed plans for development which
they found objectionable.  The District conducted a study of
this alternative and found it to be deficient, since the
land available was inadequate in size to accept all of the
effluent presently being discharged.  As a result, a discharge
to the Bay would be required for the excess dry weather flow
and for all of the flow during wet weather, and an outfall
extension would still be required.

Objections were raised that the proposed project would
permit the District to dispose of a greater quantity of
sewage because of the increased capacity of the outfall line
and thus would encourage population growth and development
in the surrounding area.  No resolution to this objection was
attempted by the District, since it is not within its province
to control development by purposeful underdesign of sewerage
facilities.

Objections were raised that the District should examine more
alternatives 'for long-range solutions that would eliminate
waste discharges to Carmel Bay.  Such studies are now under
way.  The Central Coastal Regional Water Quality Control Board
has adopted an interim plan for water quality management in
the area, following public hearings.  This plan was also the
subject of a public hearing before the California State Water
Resources Control Board, which adopted the plan in June, 1971.
It has been certified by that Board as the official State
water quality management plan for the area in accordance with
Federal regulations (18 CFR 601) governing the P.L. 84-660
construction grant program.  The plan will govern all State
and Federal water pollution control actions until June 30,
1973, when a more detailed, fully developed plan will be produced
by the State.  During the interim period, intensive studies
into long-range solutions for the Carmel Valley and adjacent
areas will be undertaken under the guidance of the State.  A
significant contribution to this effort will be made from a
$868,000 study recently initiated by the association of Monterey
Bay Area Government, with State and Federal financial support.
Also available will be the results of the intensive monitoring
program of the County Public Health Department.  These studies
will include oceanographic investigations related to marine
disposal alternatives and will examine alternatives for land
application, waste water reclamation, and reuse options.
                             -  15  -

-------
Objections have been raised that the discharge of treated
waste waters, through the outfall extension project, will
preclude the maintenance of "natural" conditions in Carmel Bay,
which is in an area that has been proposed for inclusion in
the expanded Point Lobos Underwater Preserve.  The only possible
resolution of this objection would be to discontinue the
discharge of waste water effluent to Carmel Bay and adjacent
coastal waters.  Studies are being undertaken as previously
described which will examine the need and feasibility of
such alternatives.
                             - 16 -

-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
              List of References

Abbott, Donald P. and Richard Albee
  1967.  Summary of thermal conditions and phytqplankton
         volumes measured in Monterey Bay, California.
         1961-1966.Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish Invest.
         Rep. 11, pp. 155-156.

Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments
  1970.  Monterey Bay Region water quality control
         planning program.  An application for
         comprehensive river basin planning grant,
         April 17, 1970, and amendment, January 15, 1971.
         Various pagination.

Aubert, M. and Auber, J.
  1967.  Study on the diffusion of bacterial pollution
         in the sea.Penn. Ar. Bed.6(50):139-149.

Bellamy, D.J., D.J. Jones, and A. Whittick
  1969.  Some ecological aspects of marine pollution.
         Oceanology International 69.  Conference.
         England. 8pp.
Blum, A.
  1968.
               Technical considerations for the construction
               of coastal outfall sewers.
                                     Proceedings, 3d
                                    9:  123-126.  [and
         International Colloquium.
         Revue Internationale D'Oceanographie Medicale]

Bowen,  0.  E.
  1965.  Point Lobos, Crown Jewel of the State Parks.
         A Geologic Guide.Mineral information Service,
         April.

Brooks, Norman H.
  1960.  Diffusion of sewage effluent in an ocean current.
         Pp..246-267.  In "Waste Disposal in the Marine
         Environment," Pergamon Press, N.Y.            '

Bumpus, Dean F., W.R. Wright, and R.F. Vaccaro
  1969.  Considerations on a sewer outfall off Nobska
         Point.   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
         Ref.  69-87, 42pp.

California Regional Water Quality Control Board.
  1967.  Water Quality Control Policy.  Coastal Waters,
         Point Piedras Blancas to Pescadero Point.
                            - 17 -

-------
10.    California Resources Agency
         1970.  Point Lobos State Reserve.  Department of
                Parks and Recreation.

11.    California State Water Quality Control Board
         1964.  An investigation of the effects of discharged
                wastes on kelp"!  Publication No. 26,124 pp.

12.    California State water Quality Control Board
         1965.  An investigation on the fate of organic and
                inorganic wastes discharged into the marine
                environment and their effects on biological
                productivity.  Publication No. 29, 117 pp.

13.    Carmel Sanitary District Sanitary Board
         1969.  Ordinance No. 49.  An ordinance to authorize
                and order the President and Secretary of the
                Sanitary Board of the Carmel Sanitary District
                to execute a contract in the name and on
                behalf of said District with the Pebble Beach
                Sanitary District a public corporation,
                relating to the development and mutual use of
                the sewerage facilities of the Carmel Sanitary
                District.  March 27, 1969.16 pp.

14.    Chartock, Michael Andrew
         1969.  Preliminary efforts at a quantification of
                the benthos between the five to ten fathom
                contours at the head of the Monterey submarine
                California.Unpub.MA thesis,San Jose State
                College, San Jose, California.

15.    Coe, Wesley R.
         1954.  Geographical distribution and means of
                dispersal of the bathypelagic nemerteans
                found in the great submarine canyon at
                Monterey Bay, California.  J. Wash. Acad. Sci.
                44 (10):  324-326.   (Contrib. Scripps Inst.
                Oceanogr. Univ., California 783).

16.    Crowell, J.C.
         1952.  Submarine canyons bordering central and southern
                California.  J. Geol.  60: 58-83.

17.    Dill, Robert T., Robert S. Dietz and Harris Stewart
         1954.  Deep-sea channels and delta of the Monterey
                submarine canyon.  Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 65:
                191-194.   (Contrib. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.
                Univ. Calif. 669.)
                             - 18 -

-------
18,
19,
20
21,
22,
23,
24
25.
26,
27,
Engineering-Science, Inc.
  1968.  Final report oceanographic waste disposal
         studies in Monterey Bay.

Grigg, Richard W. and Robert S. Kiwala
  1970.  Some ecological effects of discharged wastes
         on marine life"!  California Fish and Game,
         56(3):145-155.

Haderlie, E.G.
  1970.  Influence of pesticide run-off in Monterey
         Bay.  Mar. Pollut. Bull., n.s, 1(3):  42-43.

Institite of Marine Resources  (Univ. Calif.)
  1963.  Kelp habitat improvement project.  Final Report.
         IMR Ref. 63-13, Dec.  1, 1963, 123pp.

Johnson, Ralph Gordon
  1970.  Variations in diversity within benthic marine
         communities.Amer. Nature.104(937):285-300.

Keithley, C.L.
  1968.  Bathymetric Survey of Carmel Canyon.  Research
         paper in Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate
         School, Monterey, California.
Leighton, D.L., L.G. Jones and W.J. North
  1966.  Ecological relationships between giant kelp
         and sea urchins in southern California.  Pp.
                                                             141-
         153 in Proc.  5th Internat.  Seaweed Symposium
         (Halifax), August 25-28, 1965.  E. Gordon Young
         and J.L. McLachlan  (editors).  Pergamon Press,
         N.Y.  424pp.

Longhurst, Alan R.
  1969.  Pelagic invertebrate resources of the California
         current.  Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish Invest.
         Rep. 13, 60-62.

Ludwig, Harvey F. and Ben Onodera
  1964.  Scientific parameters of marine waste discharge.
         Pp. 37-49.  In E.A. Pearson,  (ed.) Advances
         in Water Pollution Research, Vol. 3, Pergamon
         Press, N.Y.

McLean, James H.
  1962.  Sublittoral ecology of kelp beds of the open
         coast area near Carmel, California.  Biol. Bull.
         122(1):95-114.
                              -  19  -

-------
28.     McLean, J.H.
         1968.  Biological Exploration at the Head of Carmel
                Submarine Canyon.  Abstract from Annual Reports
                for 1961 of the American Malacological Union,
                p. 43.

29.     McLean, J.H.
         1970.  Biological Exploration at the Head of Carmel
                Submarine Canyon.Unpublished manuscript.

30.     Monterey County Health Dept., Santa Cruz
         1970.  County Health Dept., State Dept. of Public
                Health, and Central Coastal Regional Water
                Quality Control Board.  A Study of the
                Bacteriological Quality of Monterey and Carmel
                Bays, April 1969 through May 1970.
31.    Monterey County Planning Department.
         1967.  Monterey County Facts and Figures.  Prepared
                by the Planning Dept., Jan. 1, 1967.

32.    Moritz, C.A.
         1968.  A Descriptive Survey of the Head of Carmel
                Submarine Canyon.M.S.Thesis,Naval Post-
                graduate School, Monterey, California.

33.    Nakata, Michael M.
         1970.  The distribution and abundance of marine algae
                in the vicinity of a sewage outfall at Carmel
                California.  Unpublished MS on file at Hopkins
                Marine Station Library, Pacific Grove, California,

34.    North, Wheeler J.
         1964.  Ecology of the rocky nearshore environment
                in southern California and possible influences
                of discharged wastes.  Pp. 247-262 in E.A.
                Pearson(ed.)Advances in Water Poll. Research,
                Vol. 3, Pergamon Press, N.Y.

35.    North, Wheeler J. and Carl L. Hubbs  (editors)
         1968.  Utilization of kelp bed resources in southern
                California.  California Department of Fish and
                Game, Fish Bull. 139, 264pp.

36.    North, Wheeler J. and John S. Pearse
         1970.  Sea urchin population explosion in southern
                California coastal waters.Science 167(3915):
                209pp.  (Jan 9, 1970)
                             - 20 -

-------
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Odemar, Melvyn W., Paul W. Wild and Kenneth C. Wilson
  1968.  A survey of the marine environment from
         Fort Ross, Sonoma County, to Point Lobos,
         Monterey County"!  Calif. Dept. of Fish and
         Game, Marine Resources Operations Reference
         No. 68-12, July 1968.  238pp.

Paine, Robert T. and Robert L. Vadas
  1969.  The effects of grazing by sea urchins,
         Strongylocentrotus sp., on benthix algae
         populations.  Limnology and Oceanography
         14(5):  710-719  [Sept. 1969]
                   ^
Peckham, Vern 0. and James H. McLean
  1961.  Biological exploration of the Carmel submarine
         canyon.  Abstract list of species only, on
         p. 43 of 1961 Ann. Dept. Amer. Malacological
         Union.  (McLean now at Los Angeles County Mus.
         Nat. Hist, has only copy of MS.)

Rambow, C.A. and P.V. Hennessy
  1965.  Oceanographic studies for a small wastewater
         outfall.  Water Poll. Control Fed. Jour.
         37(11):  1471-1480.  [Nov. 1965].

Rawn, A.M., F.R. Bowerman and Norman H. Brooks
  1960.  Diffusers for disposal of sewage in sea water.
         J~. Sanitary Engineering, SA 2  (24-24) .  March
         1960, pp. 65-105.
Reish, Donald J.  (editor)
  1969.  Biology of the oceans.
         Belmont,Calif.
                                        Dickenson Publ. Co.,
Russell, Findlay E., and Paul Kotin
  1957.  Squamous papilloma in the white Croaker.  Nat.
         Cancer Inst., Jour., Vol. 18, No.  6, pp.  57-861.

Santini, D.B.
  1965.  Effect of pollution on some surface populations
         of rocky substratum.  Comm. Internat. pour
         I1Exploration Sci. de la Mediterranee, Monaco,
         April, 1964.  Pp. 127-131.

Stanford University
  1970.  Final Papers Biology 175h.  Unpublished MS on
         file at Hopkins Marine Station Library, Pacific
         Grove, Calif.
Shepard, F.P. and Dill, R.F.
  1966.  Submarine Canyons and Other Sea Valleys.
         McNally and Company, 381 pp.
                                                          Rand
                             - 21 -

-------
47
48,
49,
50,
51,
Superior Court of the State of California
  1971.  Order No. 68437 denying injunction and  sustaining
         demurrer in and for the County of Monterey.
         Thomas J. Hudson, Plaintiff vs. Edward  F. Dibble,
         Carmel Sanitary District, et al., Defendants,
         April 19, 1971, 3pp.

Trumbauer, D. S.
  1966.  A coliform bacteria survey of Monterey  Bay off
         Del Monte beach!Unpublished MS thesis, USN
         Postgrad. Sch., Monterey, Calif.

Tsai, C.
  1968.  Effects of chlorinated sewage effluents on
         fishes in upper Patuxent River, Maryland.
         Chesapeake Science 9(2):83-93.[June 1968].

Turner, Charles H., E. E. Ebert, R. R. Given
  1965.  Survey of the marine environment off shore of
         San Elijo Lagoon, San Diego County.  California
         Fish and Game, 51(1):81-112.[Jan. 1965].

Turner, Charles H., E. E. Ebert and R. R. Given
  1966.  The marine environment in the vicinity  of the
         Orange County Sanitation District's ocean
                            ^
                            ill
52
53
         outfall.Calif. Fish and Game 52(1):28-48.
         [Jan. 1966].

Turner, Charles H., Earl E. Ebert and Robert R. Given
  1968.  The marine environment offshore from Point Loma,
         San Diego County.Calif.Fish and Game,Fish
         Bull.  140, 85pp.

Turner, Charles H. and Alec R. Strachan
  1969.  The marine environment in the vicinity of the
         San Gabriel River mouth.  California Fish and
         Game 55(1):53-68 [Jan. 1969].
54
Wallin, S. R.
  1968.  The Sediments
                              in the Head of the Carmel
                Submarine Canyon.  M.S. Thesis, Naval Post-
                graduate School, Monterey, California.
55.
White, Emil (editor)
  1964.  Circle of enchantment:
                                        Big Sur, Carmel, Pebble
                Beach, Monterey, Pacific Grove.
                Big Sur, Calif.
                                          EmilWhite,
                             - 22 -

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56.     Whitmore, Robert
         1966.  Molluscan composition at the Pleasure Point
                sewer outfall.Unpub.stud, rep., Grad.
                Marine Ecology, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss
                Landing, Calif.

57.     W.  M. Rack Laboratory of Environmental Health Engineering
       (Calif. Inst. Tech.)
         1968.  Kelp habitat improvement project.  Annual
J6C'
30,
                Report, July 1, 1967 - June 30, 1968.123 pp.

58.    Young, Parke H.
         1964.  Some effects of sewer effluent on marine life.
                Calif. Fish and Game.50(1):33-41.
                [Jan. 1964].

59.    Zats, V. I.
         1965.  Effect of oceanographic factors on the
                contamination of coastal waters (A brief
                review of Soviet and non-Soviet literature).
                [English edition, May 1966],  5(3) :  T^9~.
                             - 23 -

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                          Appendix A





I  Receiving Water Monitoring Program for Carmel Bay.

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                                                                                  \OSt
STATE Of CALIFORNIA— RESOURCES AGENCY
                                                                             RONAID REAGAN, Co.trnof
CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD-
CENTRAL COAST REGION
.238 BROAD STREET
SAN. IUIS OBISPO, CALIFORNIA 73401
                                                       October 29,  1971
           Mr. David D. Kennedy
           Kennedy Engineers                                       ;
           657 Howard Street
           San Francisco, California

           Dear Mr. Kennedy:

           A copy of the October  Receiving Water Monitoring Report for Carmel Bay
           has been received  in this  office and studied by Tom Bailey and Jay Nighs-
           wonger of our staff.   They agree that some modifications should be in-
           stituted to provide more significant information.  Therefore, please
           incorporate the  following  amendments into the program:

                 1.  Use triangulated compass bearings to locate sampling stations
                     instead  of permanent markers.
                 2.  Macrofauna and macroflora to be identified and counted, but not
                     removed, at a rock formation near the actual sampling station.
                     The rock formation should be identified so it can be used in
                     future surveys.
                 3.  Samples  collected at each station for salinity determination at
                     the surface, mid-depth, and just off the bottom.
                 4.  Total  nitrogen  and total phosphorus determinations made on the
                     sediment at  Cl-A and Cl-C stations.
                 5.  Vertical plankton tows may be performed at your discretion.

                  If you have  any  questions or comments, please contact Jay Nighswonger
            of this office.
                                                                                       •* ^.
                                                       Very^truly yours,
           KRJ
           jfj!n
            o n i u
            cc-Y-T-0,  Monterey
              O.S.I.,  StaBarb.
                                                       KENNETH R. Ji
                                                       Executive Officer

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  STATE OF CALIFORNIA—RESOURCES AGENCY
                              IONAIO REAGAN. Conrnor
  CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY  CONTROL BOARD-
, CENTRAL COAST REGION
V  218 BROAD STREET
  SAN IUIS OBISPO. CALIFORNIA 93401
                                                                                   ^DC-
                                                                19,  1971
           Carmel Sanitary District
           P. 0. Box 83
           Carmel, California  93921

           Gentlemen:

                 Enclosed is a copy of  the  monitoring and reporting program
           for Carmel Sanitary District.  This  program supersedes that
           adopted December 13, 1S68 and  should be attached to the requirements
           for sewage discharge adopted on  that date.

                 If you have any questions,  please write or call this office.
                                           Very truly yeurs,
           KRJ
           JN:h
           Encl.
           cc-Pebble Beach Sanitr.ry Dist.
              Bureau of Sanitary Enginearing
              Dept.  of Water Resources
              Dept.  of Fish & Game
              Dept.  of Parks & Recreation
              Monterey County Health Dept.
              Monterey County Planning Dept.
              Assn of Monterey Bay Area Govti
    ETH R. JONES
Executive Officer

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               CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY  CONTROL  BOARD
                             CENTRAL COAST REGION
                       MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
                                   FOR
                           CARMEL SANITARY DISTRICT
                              EFFLUENT MONITORING
       All effluent samples shall be collected at the locations and frequency
 specified.  Composite samples may be taken by a proportional sampling device
 approved by tha Executive Officer or by grab samples composited in propor-
 tion to the flow.  In compositing grab samples, the sampling interval shall
 not exceed one hour.  The following shall constitute the effluent moni-
 toring program:
   Constituent

-Chlorine residual
^Settleable solids
 Grease
 Coli€orm organisms
-Suspended solids
^pH
 Total hardness
 Sodium & Potassium
 Alkalinity
 Chloride
 Sulphate
 Total Nitrogen
 Phosphate
 Total dissolved solids
 Specific conductance
 Toxicity  Bioassay
 Maximum daily flow
 Mean dnily flow
    Units

    Mg/1
    Ml/1
    MgA
.MPN/100  ml
    Mg/1
   Units
    Mg/1
      it
      n
umhos/cm^
  96-hr TLm
     MGD
   Type of
   Sample

    Grab
     it
8-hr compos
    Grab
8-hr compos
 t>     ti
 it     11
 it     n
 n     i.
 tt     n
 tt     tt
     Location  Sampling
    of Sample  Frequency
Outfall manhole
 Effluent Pump
 Effluent Pump
Outfall manhole
 Effluent Pump
     Daily
       ti
    Monthly
     Weekly
              ti
                    11
    tt
    it
    n
    it
    it
    it
ti
ii
ti
11
tt
it
 it     tt        it       it
 "     "   Unchlorinated
       n
       11
                Annually
                   it
n
n
it
ti
n
it
                            Daily
                              n

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               CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD
                             CENTRAL COAST REGION

                                  ******

                          RECEIVING WATER MONITORING

      The receiving water monitoring program shall be conducted as outlined.
When the current study has been completed, the program may be revised to
take advantage of more significant data.

      Sediment and benthic samples shall be collected from the following
stations:

  Station                                     Description

Transect - Cl           Beginning at present outfall at high water mark and
                        extending on a straight line with outfall into 60
                        feet of water.

Transect - 2            Beginning 500 feet north of present outfall at the
                        high water mark and extending on a line parallel
                        with outfall to the 00 foot depth.

Transect - 3            Beginning 500 feet south of present outfall at the
                        high water mark and extending on a line parallel
                        with outfall to the 60 foot depth.

Transect - CM-           Beginning at Granite Point at the high water mark
                        and extending NW into 60 feet of water.

Current meter
study stations

     C5                 In vicinity of end of proposed outfall.

      Environmental conditions of the water column and ocean floor in the
vicinity of the outfall shall be determined each April,  September and
December by the following monitoring procedures:

      A.  Chemical content of ocean floor.

          1.  Obtain three cores (minimum 6 inches)  of ocean bottom from
              both the 20 foot and l!0 foot  depth on each transect.  (Diver-
              held lij inch plastic tubes)


          2.  Analyze top inch of two cores composited for  C.O.D., sedi-
              ment grain size, and inorganic fraction of substrate.   The
              remaining core should be dried, labeled, and  stored for
              future analysis, if needed.
                                                             21  -U- \*)~\

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      B.  Ecological Conditions of the Benthos.

          1.  Permanent markers shall be established on the bottom along
              each transect at the 20 foot depth, 40 foot depth, and 60
              foot depth.  Each study area shall be defined by attaching
              a 6 foot line to the marker and traversing a circle with
              this line as its radius.

          2.  Within each study area the following shall be accomplished:

              (a)  Record general description of the bottom area.
              (b)  Record water depth.
              (c)  Record water temperature.
              (d)  Estimate water clarity (horizontal distance that
                      objects are visible).
              (e)  Identify and enumerate macrosopic plants and animals
                      (including fish).
              (f)  Skim approximately one liter of sediment from the top
                   1 to 2 inches of bottom into a wide mouth jar.  This
                   material shall be washed through a 1.0 mm screen.  Those
                   organisms retained on the screen shall be preserved in
                   S% formalin in sea water and taken to the lab for micro-
                   scopic analysis.  Identify and enumerate organisms to
                   species where taxonomic keys permit.  Sediment shall be
                   taken from a different area each time sampled.

          3.  The macroscopic plants and animals along the intertidal portion
              of the transect shall be identified and enumerated during a
              time when the tides are low.

          4.  Water columns above the permanent markers shall be measured
              for turbidity just below the surface, at mid-depth, and just
              off the bottom.  Samples shall be taken to the lab and run
              on a candle turbidimeter.

          5.  A current study shall be carried out for a period of one year
              to determine the velocity, direction, and mass transport of
              water in the vicinity of the anticipated outfall.  This shall
              be accomplished by stationing a continuous recording current
              meter in the vicinity of the proposed discharge point with the
              probe at mid-depth.  The meter should be located in an area
              that is readily accessible and will avoid entanglement with
              kelp.

      In conducting the receiving water s-impling, a log should be kept of
the receiving water conditions.  Attention should be given to the presence
or absence of:

   a.  Floating or suspended matter.        b.  Discoloration

-------
                CALIFORNIA  REGIONAL  WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD
                              CENTRAL  COAST REGION

                  GENERAL MONITORING AND  REPORTING PROVISIONS

                                     »*«»•»»*•

                  GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR  SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS


Unless otherwise noted, all sampling,  sample preservation, and analyses shall
be conducted in accordance with the  current edition of "Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Waste Water"  or approved by the Executive Officer.

All analyses shall be performed in a laboratory certified to perform such analyses
by the California State Department of Public Health or a laboratory approved by
the Executive Officer.

All samples shall be representative of the waste discharge under the conditions
of peak load.

                      GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR REPORTING

For every item where the requirements are not met. the discharger shall submit
a statement of the actions undertaken or proposed which will bring the discharge
into full compliance with requirements at the earliest time and submit a time-
table for correction.

By January 30 of each year,  the discharger shall submit an annual report to the
regional board.  The report shall contain both tabular and graphical summaries
of the monitoring data obtained during the previous year.  In addition, the dis-
charger shall discuss the compliance record and the corrective actions taken or
planned which may be needed to bring the discharge into full compliance with the
waste discharge requirements.

The discharger shall file a written report within 90 days after the average dry-
weather flow for any month that equals or exceeds 75$ of the design capacity of
the waste treatment or disposal facilities.  The report shall contain a schedule
for studies, design, and other steps needed to provide additional capacity  or
limit the flow below the design capacity prior to the time  when the waste flow
rate equals the capacity of the present units.

-------
                                REPORTING


      Effluent monitoring reports shall be submitted to the regional
board monthly by the 15th of the following month.  The first report
shall be due October 15, 1071.  Receiving water monitoring reports
shall be submitted to the regional board 45 days from the end of the
month in which the monitoring was accomplished.  The first report shall
be due November 15, 1971.

      In reporting the monitoring data, the discharger shall arrange the
data in tabular form GO the date, the constituents, and the concen-
trations are readily discernible.  The data shall be summarized to
demonstrate compliance with with waste discharge requirements.
                                ORDERED       .	
                                               Executive <&*"ricer
                                                July 19, 1971

-------
            31
          shells and
            gravel
                    21
                               17
     113
                 35
 sand
 179
and mud
60
     40
         1000
               2000
3000
4000
                   FEET

            SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS
                    N
                                      -20-
                                                  TRANSECT5

                                       CARMEL BAY RECEIVING WATER MONITORING
                                             CARMEL SANITARY DISTRICT
                                                   OCTOBER 1971
                                          PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL LABORITORY
                                                   SAN FRANCISCO

-------
                          Appendix B





Comments received on the draft Environmental Impact Statement.

-------
        COUNCIL OF
        MONTEREY BAY, INC
                September  21,  1971
               Mr.  Paul De  Falco,  Jr.
               Acting  Regional Administrator
               Environmental  Protection Agency
               760  Market Street
               San  Francisco, California   94102

               Dear Mr. De  Falco:

                    Your  letter of September  13,  1971 forwarded a copy of the
               Environmental  Statement for the Carmel Sanitary District's Ocean .,
               Outfall Extension Project and solicited our comments.

                    As a  local civic organization concerned with the environ-
               mental  integrity of the Monterey Bay area, v:e have followed the
               subject oroject closely for several years,  v.e apree generally
               with the conclusions reached in your study and support the con-
               tinuation to completion of the present construction.

                    We are  aware of the expressed desire of many of our citizens
               for  advanceJ treatment and/or  land disposal of treatment olant
               effluents.   Vie are also of the opinion that this will eventually
               come to be and do not consider the present outfall construction
               to be inconsistent with longer-range plans.  V,e know that the
               treatment plant must have an ocean outfall for overload and emer-
               gency conditions in any event.  ' e consider the prasent action
               v;ill provide a creat improvement over the existing outfall line.
               We are  further convinced that the oroperly treated effluents of
               the  treatment olant, in the present and projected volumes will
               not  have a significant inpact on the ecolocy of the Cartel Say.
               We further consider that the nrooosed monitor system will -rsvide
               adequate safeguards against any najor adverse effects.
               ml
1321 MONTEKEY/'SAUNAS HIGHWAY  MONTEREY CALIFORNIA 93940  (408) 375-5462
                                                                                                                          DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
                                                                                                                                            REGIONAL OFFICE
                                                                                                                                         September 30, 1971
                                                                                                                                                                            OFFICE OF
Mr. Paul De Falco, Jr.
Acting Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
760 Market Street
San Francisco, California  94102

Dear Mr. De Falco:

This letter will acknowledge receipt of the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement on the ocean outfall extension project of the
Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel,  California.

It does not appear that any problems of health significance
related to this department will result from the project.

We appreciate the opportunity to review the Draft Environmental
Statement.

                             Sincerely yours,
                             Robert Coop
                             Regional Director

-------
STATE OP CAUFOtNIA—tESOUtCCS AOB4OT
 OCT14 fc'C'l
BONAID REAGAN, Go.
CAUFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD-
CENTRAL COAST REGION
m» KOAD SnBT
SAN luis otnro. CAUFOINIA 93401
                                                          October 13, 1971
Mr.  Paul  De  Falco,  Jr.
Regional  Administrator
Environmental Protection  Agency
Region IX
760  Market Street
San  Francisco, California 9U102

Dear Sir:

          Reference is made to your Draft Environmental Statement concerning

the  Ocean Outfall Extension Project (WPC-CAL-t68), Carmel Sanitary District,

Carmel, California.  We have no adverse comments concerning this report.

                                   Very truly yours,

                                 t/—^

                                   KENNETH R. JONES
                                   Executive Officer

KRJ/mls


End.


co:  State Water Resources Control Board
                                                                                                                           DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
                                                                                                                        OFFICE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHER OF THE NAVY
                                                                                                                                 THE MADISON BUILDING
                                                                                                                               732 N. WASHINGTON STREET
                                                                                                                                 ALEXANDRIA. VA. 22314
                                                                                                                                                                                 3 SECT)
                                                                                                                                                                                 Hit
                                                                                                  IN REPLY REFER TO
                                                                                                  1548
                                                                                                  12 October 1971
                                                                                                                Mr. Paul De Falco, Jr.
                                                                                                                Acting Regional Administrator
                                                                                                                Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                                                                Region IX
                                                                                                                760 Market Street
                                                                                                                San Francisco, California  94102

                                                                                                                Dear Mr. De Falco:

                                                                                                                Thank you for your letter of 13 September 1971 requesting comments
                                                                                                                on the draft environmental impact statement on the ocean outfall
                                                                                                                extension project of the Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel, California.

                                                                                                                The draft environmental Impact statement is extremely well-written
                                                                                                                and reflects an orderly, In-depth analysis of the problem of waste
                                                                                                                discharge in the Carmel, California region.  The extended outfall
                                                                                                                project represents a considerable improvement over the existing
                                                                                                                system.

                                                                                                                In reviewing the adequacy of the assessment contained in this draft
                                                                                                                statement the following points are noted:

                                                                                                                     The quality of the effluent to be discharged from the proposed
                                                                                                                extended outfall is not clearly stated.

                                                                                                                     There is Insufficient data presented in,the assessment to
                                                                                                                support the effluent dilution and diffusion estimates presented.

                                                                                                                Estimates of these parameters depend upon both the density of the
                                                                                                                effluent and the circulation dynamics of the receiving waters.  It
                                                                                                                is recommended that background data to support these circulation
                                                                                                                estimates be Included in the environmental Impact statement.
                                                                                                                                                         £rely youra,
                                                                                                                                                     W. F.  REED,
                                                                                                                                                     Captain, U.  S.  Navy
                                                                                                                                                     Assistant  Chief of Staff
                                                                                                                                                     for  Environmental Quality
                                                                                                                                                     By direction of the  Oceanographer
                                                                                                                                                     of the Navy

-------
            United States Department of the Interior
                           GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                         Water Resources Division
                           3>»5 Middlefield Road
                           Menlo Park, CA 94025
                                                 October  5, 1971
Mr. Paul DeFalco, Jr., Director
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IX "
760 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 9H102

Dear Mr. DeFalco:

We have reviewed the draft of the Environmental  Statement by the
Environmental Protection Agency on the  Ocean Outfall Extension
Project for Carmel Bay.  It is fairly comprehensive and adequately
considers most of the possible impacts  on the  environment.  However,
we offer several specific points which  we feel should also be
considered.

1.  Were circulation patterns, density  currents,  and seasonal changes
in water temperatures taken into account in selecting the location of
the outfall?  Discharge of the Carmel effluent to deeper water does
not in itself assure elimination of near-shore pollution problems if
strong landward currents or other circulation  anomalies are present
near the outfall location.

2.  The statement discusses a comprehensive monitoring program for the
area around the outfall to detect environmental  damage.  We think details
of the proposed monitoring program should be included in the statement,
particularly in light of the unique nature of  Carmel Bay and its native
habitat for birds such as the pelican and mammals such as the otter.
Also, there is no mention of the monitoring program planned for the
effluent itself.  Exotic toxicants, including  heavy metals and pesticides,
which are normally not monitored in domestic effluents should be considered
for any effluent monitoring program designed for the Carmel discharge.
3.  Will recent zoning decisions  in the Carmel area, which appear to
make increased residential and  commercial development a certainty,
have appreciable effect on the  quality and quantity of waste waters
discharged to the Carmel plant?  If so, were these anticipated changes
examined during assessment of feasibilities for "other disposal
alternatives?

The foregoing comments are provided informally for technical assistance
and are not intended to represent the position of the Department of the
Interior.

                                    Very truly yours,
                                     W.  W.  Hastings
                                     Regional  Hydrologist
                                     Pacific Coast Region

-------
                        DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION      «"•"..
                       UNITED STATES COAST GUARD    ......
                                                                                    STATE OF CALIFORNIA-HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY
                                                                                                                                                           KONALD REAGAN. Governor
                                                                                     DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
                                                                                    2151 BERKELEY WAY
                                                                                    BERKELEY 94704
                                                                                                                                             October 6, 1971
                                                      :   unr 1971
Mr .  Paul De  Falco ,  Jr .
Acting Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection A^snc/, Ae^ion IX
?60  Market Street
San  Francisco r California   vli1o£

Dear Mr. De  Palco:

Reference  is made  to  your letter of  13 -September 1",71 and
the  draft  environmental impact statement oil  the  ocean
outfall extension project of  the Car-mel 3unitary  District
which was  included  with it.   '.!e have  reviewed  the  statement
and  have no  comment on it.  Thank you for requesting  our
views .
                                  Sincerely yours,
                                  3. K.
                                  Captain,  ". j. Coast Guard
                                  Chief of  otaff
Mr. Paul De Falco, Jr.
Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IX
760 Market Street
San Francisco, CA  91*102

Dear Mr. De Falco:

The environmental impact statement on the ocean outfall extension project
of the Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel, California has been reviewed in
accordance with your September 13, 1971 letter of request.

Die California Department of Public Health concurs in the EPA evaluation
of the environmental Impact of this project.  It is understood that this
project is an interim solution to an immediate pollution problem and that
additional measures will be taken as necessary to protect the marine
environment.
                                                                                                                                  /' John tf. 'Heslep,  Ph.D.
                                                                                                                                 i/  Deputy Director  for
                                                                                                                                    Environmental Health and
                                                                                                                                      Consumer Protection
                                                                                                   Carmel Sanitary District
                                                                                                   Central Coast R.W.Q.C.B.
                                                                                                   Monterey County Health Dept.

-------
                                                                                      3 ia
  K. 8.  PBASBB.M.D.
oincnt or PUBLIC BIALT
        «•«
           434-7627
COUNTY  OF   MONTEREY
       DEPARTMENT  OP PUBLIC HEALTH
             1270 NATIVIDAO BOAD
          SALINAS. CALIFORNIA 63904
                P.O.BOX 2137
BflAHCH OFFICES:

HOKTEBET .  . .
1200 AOUAJ1TO ROAD

KING CITT. . . .
       CITT BALL
                                     October 12, 1971
        Mr. Paul De  Falco, Jr.
        Regional Administrator
        Environmental Protection Agency
        Region IX
        760 Market Street
        San Francisco, California  94102

        Dear Mr. De  Falco:

        He have reviewed the Environmental Statement on the Ocean Outfall
        Extension Project of the Camel Sanitary District, Camel, California
        (WPC-CAL-468).

        He wish to bring to your attention the fact that the public health
        standards are not mentioned at all in this report.  On page 5 it  states,
        "At the present discharge point the existing biological damage, health
        hazard, and  unesthetic condition can be eliminated."  Since health
        hazards are  one of your major reasons for the removal of the outfall at
        the present  location, it should be brought out publlcally that the
        Monterey County Health Department and the State Health Department were
        the agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing water contact sports
        standards for the protection of public health of the people utilizing these
        facilities.  Also, no mention was made of the Health Department's coordinated
        study that brought out the pollution of Monterey and Camel Bays  and
        Initiated all this action.  Enclosed Is a copy of the report. —

        There Is mention of the Regional Water Quality Control Board in relation-
        ship to cease and desist orders; of Hopkins Marine Station's biological
        study; of the State Water Resources Control Board in relationship to grants;
        and the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments in its waste water
        management study.  Therefore, it would only be consistant and uniform In
        your references that whenever water contact sports and health hazards are
        mentioned that public health agencies should be mentioned.

        We are presently monitoring all the Monterey-Camel Bay shore waters twice
        a week.  We  are sampling all the estuaries in Monterey County twice a
        nonth.  Through contract with Hopkins Marine Station, we are collecting
        and analyzing sanples twice a month of waters near outfall lines.  It may
        be of Interest to you that during our one-year study, we sampled  the
        off-shore waters of Camel Bay directly in front of the present outfall
        1000 feet out, and 1000 feet left and right of the outfall.
                                                                                                            Paul L>e Falco, Jr.
                                                                                                            Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                     -  2  -
                                                                                                                                                                   October 12,  1971
                                                                                      Recognizing that water contact sports have changed and that skin diving
                                                                                      and surfing are now using all bay waters way beyond the shore line, we
                                                                                      have started this  program of off-shore sampling.  When the new Camel
                                                                                      outfall is constructed, samples will be collected by members of the
                                                                                      diving club at Point Lobos  twice a week for our department to analyze
                                                                                      from stations directly in front and 1000 feet both directions of the
                                                                                      outfall.  The purpose is to continue the surveillance of water contact
                                                                                      sports and public  health standards.  We are also doing a routine twice
                                                                                      a month sampling of the Carmel River.

                                                                                      We assure you that the public health departments have been involved in
                                                                                      environmental concern since back in the days of the bubonic plague
                                                                                      prevention and will continue to work actively in environmental matters.
                                                                                      Please feel free to contact our office at any time concerning the
                                                                                      problems In our jurisdiction.

                                                                                                                        Sincerely,

                                                                                                                        R. S. Fraser, M.D.
                                                                                                                        Director of Public Health
                                                                                                                        County of Monterey
                                                                                      WW:ra
                                                                                      Encl.
                                                                                                                        Walter Wong
                                                                                                                        Director of Environmental Health

-------
                                                                 OCT .1 4 REC'D
                 Carmel Sanitary District
                   CARMEL RANCHO SHOPPING CENTER
                          POST OFFICE Box 63
                      CARMEL. CALIFORNIA 93921
                           (4OS) 624-1248
                          13  October 1971
Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IX
760 Market Street
San Francisco, California
Subject:
          Ocean Outfall Extension Project
          WPC-CAL-468
Gentlemen:

       We have reviewed the draft of the Environmental  Statement for
the subject project dated September 1971.   The draft  statement appears
to present and summarize a complex situation 'generally  quite well,
although there are several items contained  therein which we wish to
clarify and comment on.  Specific comments  and clarifications are
listed below with references to the page and paragraph  of the draft
statement.  A general comment follows the specific comments and
clarifications.
Page. Paragraph

    2, 1


    2, 3
    2, 5
    3, 3
               Comments

The District has been supplying effluent
for irrigation purposes since 1947.

Bacterial densities adjacent to the  out-
fall have been in full conformance with
Discharge Requirements since December 1969
except during periods of high Carmel River
outflow, and evidence shows these conditions
cannot be attributed to the Sanitary District.

The District's Master Plan, which recom-
mended activated sludge treatment, was
prepared in 1967 and adopted in April 1968.
This took place prior to the problems of
high bacterial levels in the receiving waters.

The comprehensive monitoring program is a
condition of the grant for the new treatment
facilities (WPC-CAL-530), not the outfall
project.  Item (2) of the three additional
improvements does not have "and" at  the e'nd.
                                                                         - 2 -
                                                                         Page. Paragraph

                                                                             4, 2

                                                                             5, 2



                                                                             5, 3




                                                                             6, 2




                                                                             8, 4
                                                                                                         9, 3
                                                                                                         11, 6
               Comments

The construction contract amount is $408,400.

We feel "possibly" should be added to the 4th
line to read, "point, and possibly in the Bay
as a whole."

A comment regarding the installation of the
pipe in the rock formation for anchorage to
assure permanence and protection from storms
and sand movement would be appropriate.

We believe "in the Bay and" should be added
to the 13th line to read, "Bacterial densities
in the Bay and at the shoreline should be
readily...".

Some additional discussion regarding the
effects of Carmel River discharge and the
other minor tributary streams would be appro-
priate at this point.  We feel that additional
emphasis should be given to the effects of
existing and future development and uses
adjacent to the Bay.  In view of the proximity
of the discharge location to the mouth of the
Carmel River, some discussion regarding the
effect of fresh water on marine biological
communities might also be desirable.  The
District's discharge in 1985 has been estimated
to be approximately 5% of the River's natural
yearly discharge.

Based on a recent appraisal by the State of
California, the adjacent land would cost in
excess of $3 million and it is reasonable to
assume that other suitable land would be in
a similar price range.  Necessary pumping,
storage and piping has been estimated to cost
an additional $300,000.

The first bond issue election for $1,500,000
received a 64% affirmative vote, but failed
to obtain the 2/3 vote required for general
obligation bonds.  Plans for a secondary treat-
ment facility were being prepared for the
project to be funded by the $1,500,000, but
the project would have been contingent on
receiving Government grants.  The second bond
election for $2,400,000 would have funded the
improvements regardless of Government grants.

-------
- 3 -
Page, Paragraph                            Comments

    11, 6 (cont'd.)         The District had a flexible Implementation
                            plan contingent on Government grants* and it
                            appeared confusion in the minds of the voters
                            was the result.

       It would be desirable to include a comment in the statement regard-
Ing the flexibility in the District's improvement program.  The instal-
lation of a moderate length outfall in conjunction with a high level of
treatment- does not commit the District to permanent ocean disposal while
a lower level of treatment with a long outfall would be more likely to do
so.  The prompt Installation and use of the new outfall extension will
provide an additional factor of safety for the receiving waters until
sufficient factual data are available for long-term planning decisions.

       Consideration and inclusion of these comments where deemed proper
should help complete a correct and comprehensive Environmental Statement
for this project.  An expeditious and favorable decision regarding release
of grant participation funds will greatly assist the Carmel Sanitary
District in its efforts towards environmental protection and will be
beneficial to both the local taxpayers and the general public.

                                 Very truly yours,

                                 CABMEL SANITARY DISTRICT
                                 Richard R. Kennedy     Q
                                 District Engineer
RRK:pm
cc:  State Hater Resources Control Board

-------
                                U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE  '""*••••-  .-
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,/^

                                Southwest Region
                                300 South Ferry Street
                                Terminal Island, California 90731
 MONTEREY   PE
COLLEGE
                  »0 FREMONT, ModBIREY,' CALIFORNIA 93940
                               75-3821
October 13.  1971
                                                                                        C E o • c E  J.  F A u L
                                                                                        PRESIDENT AND SUPERINTENDENT
Mr.  Paul DeFalco, Jr.
Acting Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
760  Market Street
San  Francisco,  CA    94102

Dear Mr. DeFalco:

We have reviewed your  draft environmental  statement  on the
Ocean Outfall Extension Project  (WPC-CAL-468) ,  Carmel Sanitary
District, Carmel, California.

The  draft statement  indicates  the ocean  outfall sewer exten-
sion is an interim measure to  relieve existing pollution problems
and  that the  principal environmental impact will be  to lower
existing conditions  of pollution near the  shore line in Carmel
Bay.  We note also that long-range alternate solutions to this
problem are currently  under study by a regional water quality
planning agency with State and Federal financial support.

There will be some damage to marine life during construction
of the outfall line.   However, it is expected that reestablish-
ment of near  natural conditions  would occur once construction
of the line is completed.  We  have no serious adverse comments
on the draft  statement.

We appreciate this opportunity to review this statement on  the
proposed project.

Sincerely,
Frederick K.  Cramer
Acting Regional Director

cc:   F34, Bill Newman, NMFS,  Arlington,  VA
                                                      BOAKD OF TRUSTEES
                                                     RALPH ATKINSON, CHAIRMAN
                                                     LEWIS L. FexroN, CLERK
                                                     RUSSEL.HANSEN
                                                     MAJ. SHERMAN Surra
                                                     MRS. RICHARD ELDRED
                                                                                                                                              13 October 1971
 Mr. Paul De Falco, Jr.
 Acting Regional Administrator
 Environmental Protection Agency
 Region IX
 760 Market Street
 San Francisco, California 94102

 Dear Mr. Falco:

 We appreciate the opportunity to review the draft  of the
 environmental impact statement on the outfall extension
 project in Carmel Bay.

 In general, we feel a sincere attempt was made to  record
 and assess most points of view.   However, one prominent
 omission is the alternative of no extension to the outfall.
 We believe there is enough supportive evidence for this to
 have been given some serious consideration.

 We are disappointed by the time  of release of the  document.
 This draft has been circulated long after the pipe construc-
 tion began and,  therefore, for us to spend time writing a
 detailed critique seems to be an unproductive activity.
 The decision to  build the extension has been made  on what
 appears to be flimsy evidence.   The money has been spent.
 The newspaper has told the public that E.P.A.  has approved
 the project on the basis of draft.

We would  be pleased to contribute more detailed, constructive
 criticism of future draft reports if they are  published in
 time to be effective.

                        Sincerely,
                                                                                                WT:nd
                        Winona Trason,  Ph.D.
                        Chairman, Life  Science Division

-------
                                                      ;• r--1 P r.j.
                 MONTEREY COMMITTEE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION


(II)  MONTEREY  PENINSULA COLLEGE  980  FREMONT
V^  ^A.    >/\.    J  MONTEREY,  CALIFORNIA   Cej!3£40iuti[#i0^tu52 7<7f$u
                                                   October 14, 1971.
                                                                                                           UNITED STATES
                                                                                                  DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                                                                         NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
                                                                                                            WESTERN REGION
                                                                                                                                                                OCT1 9
                                                                             IN REPLY REFER TO:
                                                                                        A98
                                                                                        (WR)CPF
                                                                                                            October 15, 1971
Mr. Paul  De Falco,  Jr.
Acting  Regional Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
Region  IX
760 Market Street
San francisco. California 94102.

Dear Mr.  Falco i

Enclosed  is a copy  of the comments made by the members
of this committee of the M. C.E.I, on the  draft of the
environmental impact statement on the outfull extension
project in Carmel Bay.

Attached  as an addendum is the recently received report
from Kennedy Engineers on their cureent study in Carmel
Bay and kome preliminary comments on it.

                                  Sincerely,
                                  Wei ton  Lee, Eh. D.
                                  Winona  Trason. Ph.D.
                                  Co-Chairmen, Water Pollution
                                                 Committee
                                                                                                         Mr.  Paul De Falco, Jr.
                                                                                                         Acting Regional Administrator
                                                                                                         Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                                                         760  Market Street
                                                                                                         San  Francisco, California 94102

                                                                                                         Dear Mr. De Falco:

                                                                                                         The  following comments  are made regarding your Draft Environ-
                                                                                                         mental Impact Statement on the ocean outfall extension project
                                                                                                         of the Carmel Sanitary  District, Carmel, California.

                                                                                                         This statement has been extremely well prepared and you should
                                                                                                         be commended for its completeness, conciseness and objectivity.
                                                                                                         We have no objections or comments to make regarding this
                                                                                                         statement except to express our concern for the possibility
                                                                                                         of pollution to or irreparable damage to a possible future
                                                                                                         State park addition. We, therefore, urge you to continue
                                                                                                         your close cooperation  with the California State Park System
                                                                                                         and  with all pollution  control agencies involved.

                                                                                                         Your proposed program of continued study and improved district-
                                                                                                         wide control, if implemented, will be a model of environmentally
                                                                                                         responsible action for  the rest of the State.

                                                                                                         Thank you for the opportunity to review this statement

                                                                                                                                           Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                                          Dan
                                                                                                                          Acting Direc
                                                                                                                            Western Region

-------
                                                                                                                  -2-
         MONTEREY COMMITTEE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
                 MONTEREY  PENINSULA  COLLEGE  980  FREMONT
                 MONTEREY,  CALIFORNIA    93940    (408) 372-7798

                                          Water Pollution  Study Group
                                          October 12,  1971
 COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

 PREPARED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ON  THE

 OCEAN, OUTFALL EXTENSION PROJECT OF THE CARMEL SANITARY

 DISTRICT.  CARMEL.  CALIFORNIA.


 The Water Pollution Committee of the Monterey Committee  for
 Environmental Information has reviewed the draft of the  Impact
 statement on the ocean outfall extension project at Carmel. It
 Is  clear to us that a sincere effort has been made  to  ascertain
 all the aspects of the problem in a fairly short time.   The mem-
 oers ol this committee appreciate the opportunity to review the
 results of that effort and hope that the following  comments will
 be  accepted as a collective effort from scientists  who have spent
 a good deal of time over a period of years studying the  Carmel-
 Monterey waters.

 Among other concerns about the report as a whole is  that there
 are many unsupported general statements confirming  the assump-
 tion that  the building of the outfall is a desirable event..
 Many of these generalizations may have unjustifiably soothed the
 uninformed residents of the area.   We have requested data from
 Kennedy Engineers  on many occasions  during this  past year with
 complete lack of  success.  (  For new information  see  page ).
 These generalizations have been pointed to in  the detailed section
 oi  this critique.

 The alternative of having  secondary  treatment  and release into
 the surf without the long  and  expensive outfall  was  omitted from
 consideration.  To us,  this  is a glaring omission since  the out-
 tall line  will  be  closer to  Monastery Beach which was closed
 previously because of contamination.   This, with evidence that
 at  certain times of the  year the drift  is  from the outfall area
 towards  Whaler's Cove  and Monastery  Beach fsee detailed critique)
 and  that there  is  no  case  locally where  extended outfalls of even
 greater  length  have  provided  the protection that this one is said
 to provide, causes  this  committee to  question seriously the wis-
 dom  of building the extended outfall  into Carmel Bay.  Is it not
 possible that the  source of  the problem  is merely being moved  off-
 shore at a cost of  $480,000?

The  terms  "interim","long-term","short  tern" are used throughout
 without  any  indication as  to what dimension of time  this might be.
A detailed critique followsi

Page 1. Last sentence.  This statement gives the impression that
the pipe is always under water at its terminal end when, in fact,
it is exposed at low tide.  There the "4 feet" referred to must
mean from high water.  Does the 200'figure also take reference
from high water?

Page 2. Fourth paragraph-last sentence. The major kelp bed
plant is Macrocystis.  This is significant because this is the
predominant alga in the area and if it is damaged, a major change
in the life in the bay would result.
        Fourth and Fifth paragraph.  The position of the paper is
that extending the pipe into deeper water will achieve an"improved
dispersion and dilution".  Can proof for this statement be pro-
duced?  It is our opinion that without knowledge of the character
of the water, this prediction cannot be made.  At other places in
the Monterey area where pipes are 300 to 800 feet off shore, there
is on-shore contamination.  Also, the intercidal surf produces
more aeration and mixing than subtidal waters and intertidal life
is hardier than subtidal.  Where will the sludge go?

Page 3. First paragraph-second sentence.  It appears to us that the
pipe will not be 600* from mean sea level because of the dog-leg in
the 600' pipe.  It would appear to be 300'-400' from shore.
        Second paragraph - last sentence.   Will the E.P.A. guaran-
tee that only secondary treated sewage will pass through the pipe?
If not, who will?  We are concerned because information from one
of our members who had a converaation with Kennedy Engineers says
the present plans for the outfall are uncertain but that hooking
up the primary system in the meantime has not been rejected.

Page 5. Second paragraph- second sentence. Can this statement re-
garding the elimination, of undesirable effects at the existing
discharge be supported with any proof?  We have not been able to
obtain same from the engineers.
        Second paragraph - last sentenceWhat is abnormal about
the Bay water salinity and temperature?  We have been unable to
get supporting data on this. And how would the proposed pipe
eliminate the problem?  Information from Hyperion Plant indica-
tes an anomaly over the outfall (Brown  '71).
        Last paragraph - Macrocvstis and Pterveophora are not
annuals.

Page 6. second paragraph  " Second sentence.  What evidence is
there for the lack of a vertical temperature gradient? We have
been unable to substantiate this.
        Second paragraph - sixth sentence.  The assertion is
made that rapid dispersion will produce a dilution of 2000 to 1.
Have currents and winds been taken into account? What other
evidence is there that this will occur? Don Rich of the Point
Lobos Preserve has observed that each year when the mouth of
the Carmel River is opened to the sea in late November and
December that the debris and sand drifts to Whalers Cove.
Also, drift bottles released by Hopkins Marine Station students
in Carmel Bay drifted on shore.  In the absence of counter evi-
dence, these data are sufficient to cause us concern about the
direction of flow and resulting dilution.

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                          -3-
      Second paragraph - last sentence.  It should be noted that
In case of a breakdown, dilution will be the only factor and in
all Monterey Bay no outfall has provided this kind of safety.
Page 7. FiAt paragraph - second sentence.
in Southern California.
There are no sea otters
        First paragraph - last sentence.  Why "naturally" smaller?

        Second paragraph-last sentence. Some work has been done
in this area (Halstead "70, Young, '64).

Page 8. Second paragraph - first sentence. In our opinion this
'dilution solution' is questionable at best in light of the total
lack of.supporting data.

        Second paragraph - second sentence.  Recent studies at
Hopkins Marine Station at the Monterey Outfall showed that second-
ary treated sewage increased nutrient levels in the effluent rather
than reduced them.
Page 9. First
                            cond sentence.  "Short-term"? "Interim"?
An alternative omitted here is no pipe at all with secondary
treated sewage.

Page 10 Last paragraph-second sentence. There is serious doubt in
the minds of local scientists about the comprehensiveness of the
planned monitoring program. Dr. John Phillips of Hopkins Marine
Station outlined his doubts in a letter dated Sept. 2nd to Ken
Jones of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. Mem-
bers of this committee have observed that of the nine "fixed"
stations put down one month ago, one remains. In this case,"Fixed"
stations were tires filled with cement. The program also calls for
coring and taking samples without distinguishing rocky bottom from
sandy bottom.  It takes no account of the effects other than those
in the immediate region of the outfall. In general, it appears to
fall short of comprehensive.  An example of a comprehensive pro-
gram would be that for the Hyperion Treatment Plant in Southenn
California.

        Last paragraph - fourth sentence. Reference 19 by Griggs
and Kiwalihas evidence that does not support this statement.
Page 11. Second
                       ph. Money is considered by many to be an
irreversible and irretrievable resource.

Page 12. Second paragraph - last sentence.  Should extending ohe
outfall be considered as an alternative since it is said to cost
$6 millian which is more than tertiary treatment?
                           -4-

                       eitations

Brown, Robert B. 1971. Submerged sewage field off Southern Calif.i
                     A preliminary review of recent oceanographic
                     data. A paper given at the IEEE Conference on
                     Engineering in Ocean Environments. Sept 21-24,
                     1971 in San Diego.

Halstead, B.S. 1970. Toxicity of marine organisms caused by
                     pollutants. F.A.O. Technical Conference.
                     December, 1970.

Young, P.H. 1964. Some effects of sewer effluent on marine life
                  Calif.  Fish and Game  50 (l)«33-41.

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HUDSON, PARR, KORAN,
 LLOYD AND DENNIS
                                     October 13, 1971

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region IX
760 Market Street
San Francisco, California 94102

Attention:  Paul De Falco, Jr.
            Acting Regional Administrator

SUBJECT:    OCEAN OUTFALL EXTENSION PROJECT
            WPC CAL 468
            Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel, California
               GENTLEMEN:

                           This is in response to the proposed draft of the

               Environmental  Statement dated September 1971.  For sake of

               convenience I  hereby incorporate by reference that certain

               brief on  file  with your office submitted earlier this year

               covering  my Committee's request for a public hearing on the

               subject,  which request I hereby restate today. Reference is

               also made to the telegraphic appeal on file with your office

               signed and submitted by a large number of concerned citizens

               of  this area,  including but not limited to leading scientists

               of  The United  States Naval Postgraduate School, Hopkins Marine

               Station and representatives of the State of California from

               Moss Landing.

                           My comments and questions follow:

                           1]      Upon what statutory authority did your

                           agency file a joint impact statement with the

                           California State Water Resources Board?
   LAW cmces
HUDSON, PARK, HORAN,
 LLOYD AND DENNIS
               I
Page 2      Response to Draft of Impact Statement     11/13/71



            2]      The statement is false and intentionally    |

            misleading in that the $868,000 study initiated     j

            by the Association of Monterey Bay Area Govern-     ',

            ments does not undertake a comprehensive  study      i

            of Carmel Bay nor does it, as the draft suggests    |

            "include oceanographic investigations related to

            to marine disposal alternatives and will  examine
                                                                !
            alternatives for land applications, waste water     '

            reclamation and reuse options" of Carmel  Bay.

            The Director of the Association of Monterey Bay

            Area Governments has made available the documen-

            tation relating to this work.   Out of some 35

            sampling stations for the program scheduled to

            last for ONE YEAR only,  ONE  sampling station is

            the only investigative unit slated for Carmel Bay .



            3]       The statement is false and intentionally    ;

            misleading wherein it states that the citizen's     ;

            law suit "was dismissed  for lack of evidence that tHe
                                                                I
            project would have a detrimental effect on the      j
                                                                !
            plaintiff's property".   The suit was not dismissed  ;
                                                                I
            for this reason and is now on  appeal to the Calif-  I

            ornia Appeallate Courts  on procedural grounds.       '

            The Sarmel  Sanitary District was  specifically not-  i

            ified of this  error as was  your  office.           *   I

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               Page  3
                            Response to Draft of Impact Statement
11/13/11
    LAVCVTICE3
HUDSON, PARK, HORAN,
 LLOYD AND DENNIS
                            4]       It is stated  in the "SUMMARY"  of the

                            draft statement that ,"The project is an interim

                            measure to relieve existing pollution problems and

                            is  in part being funded by the Environmental

                            Protection Agency."  Until our Citizens Committee

                            became active there was no discussion of the our-

                            fall  line  being an "interim measure". As late as

                            March 23,  1971 the  District's  bond prospectus

                            made  no such  mention.  The communications from the

                            District since 1968 reflected  the  fact  that the

                            outfall line  was the permanant solution.   The

                            stipulations  of Mr.  Mott of Parks  and Recreation

                            have  no legal binding effect on the district; the

                            easement granted by the  State  of California across

                            the Carmel River State  Beach is a  permanant

                            easement.   Mr.  Jerry Gilbert,  Executive Secretary

                            of the  California State  Water  Resources Board is

                            on record  in  his position that the installation is

                            a pennant  structure  and  that the only change is

                            not tertiary  treatment but  a longer outfall.


                            5]       The draft states that  "The creation of a

                            waste plume approximately 100  feet long on  its

                           main axis  would  represent an undesirable  adverse

                            esthetic effect."  A visible plume of this  des-

LAW OmCES
HUDSON, PARR, HORAN,
LLOYD AND DENNIS




















Page 4 Response to Draft of Impact Statement 11/13/71
cription would be a violation of the minimum
acceptable standards established by the Regional
Water Quality Control Board. Obviously such a
discharge is in the very waters frequented by
skin divers and those studying the new area
proposed for an extension of the Point Lobos
underwater reserve .
6] "Two methods of land disposal of treated
waste waters have been investigated by the
District" These so called investigations were done
at the instance of the writer of these comments.
The Board refused to have a public hearing to air
the objections to the validity of these studies.
The State of California promised to provide
assistance in the study of this by the citizen's
committee who raised funds for the purpose of
exploring these very proposals through independent
engineers.
'
CONCLUSION: This "bootstrapping" by the technician'
staff of the two agencies responsible for the
design and approval of its location points up the
apparent futility of attempting corrections by
citizen comments. The project is mow virtually

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                 Page 5   Response to  Draft of  Impact  Statement    11/13/71
IDSON. MRK, HOBAN,
iOYD AND DENNIS
                          completed.  The office,  to which  this  response  is

                          directed consumed some five months of  construction

                          time before it was finally able to come out with

                          a statement that could be made public.  The State

                          of California Water Resources Board failed to

                          comply with its own state laws requiring environ-

                          mental statements to be  filed.  This has inever

                          been made public for public scrutiny.

                                        To compound the matter the United

                          States Army Corps of Engineers was officially

                          put on record by the writer that a public meeting

                          was demanded.   This was promised and subseqnantly

                          ignored.  The content of the Army permit makes it

                          obvious that the issuance of a permit should have

                          been deferred pending their filing an impact

                          statement yet it took four months before their

                          counsel replied to the demand of the writer that

                          the permit be suspended until these issues had

                          been resolved.


                                        The  writer respectfully requests that

                          a  hearing be granted and that all files of the

                          agencies  involved  be made available for public

                          scrutiny.   Bo  do less is to make a farce out of the

                          word democracy.           ^tr" THOMSON JAYHUDSON
\
                                                 W

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                                                                           OCT1  9
STATE OF CALIFORNIA-RESOURCES AGENCY
                                                                           RONALD REAGAN. Gover
DEPARTMENT  OF  PARKS  AND RECREATION
District It, Operations Division
97n Garden Road
Monterey, California 93940
                                                        October 18, 1971
   Mr. Paul DeFalco, Jr.
   Acting Regional Administrator
   Environmental Protection Agency
   Region IX
   760 Market Street
   San Francisco, California 94102

   Dear Mr. DeFalco:

   The following are the comments on the draft environmental impact statement prepared by
   your Agency on the ocean outfall extension project of the Carmel Sanitary District,
   Carmel, California.

   Before commenting on the draft itself, a few general statements seem to be in order:

   1.  The Environmental Impact Statement should have been prepared prior to the
       construction stage of the project.  The fact that the statement came so late
       gave the concerned public the impression that the outfall was going ahead
       regardless of the findings of the Environmental Impact Statement.

   2.  The determination to put the higher treated effluent farther into Carmel Bay
       rather than into the surf zone was made in spite of an overwhelming concensus
       by the scientific community.  This group of scientists, specializing in the
       marine environment, is on record that the least damage to the marine environment
       would be done by putting the treated effluent into the surf zone.

   3.  There is an extremely important question that hasn't been answered in the
       draft.  Where and how is the sludge to be disposed of?  This should be known
       because it is part of the complete process.

   The following are comments on the questions that are unanswered by the draft environ-
   mental statement:

   1.  Keeping the treated effluent in the surf zone was not considered as an
       alternative, (p ii)

   2.  The summary states that The principle environmental impact will be to lower
       existing conditions of pollution near the shoreline in Carmel Bay".  This
       statement seems logical; however, there has been no oceanographic studies
       made to support this prediction.  In other places in the Monterey area where
       pipes are 300' to 600' offshore there is on-shore contamination,  (p ii)

   3.  Will the Environmental Protection Agency guarantee that only secondary treated
       sewage will pass through the pipe?  If not, who will?  What are the penalties
       if lesser treated effluent is passed through the outfall?  (p 3)
Mr. Paul DeFalco, Jr.
                                        -2-
October 18, 1971
4.  The impact of this outfall on Point Lobos State Reserve has been minimized.
    Here again no oceanographic studies have been made to support this prediction.
    Evidence of some kind is needed in the report to support statements,   (p 4)

5.  The report states that the proposed discharged effluent could be expected to
    have a beneficial effect on the Bay as compared to its present condition, (p 8)
    "We know of no instance in which the overall effect of any large-scale waste
    outfall is considered to be beneficial.  Introducing any artificial changes
    into a natural ecosystem which has maintained an ecological balance for eons
    is indeed risky.  Even as proper harvesting of our natural resources must be
    based on considerable scientific data to prevent disastrous results,  even more
    so must the placement of a large ocean outfall be considered only after extensive
    and exhaustive research, and examination of data pertinent to the problem.
    Changes inflicted on the environment can be irreversible".  Odemar, Wild,
    Wilson "A Study of the Marine Environment" July, 1968.

6.  The report states:  "The presence of an unnatural influence upon the Bay such
    as this waste water effluent discharge would impair the value of this particular
    location as a scientific laboratory for the study of natural phenomena.  While
    existing development around" the watershed which drains to the Bay already
    precludes the preservation of completely natural conditions, the presence of
    this waste water discharge causes a further departure from the desired natural
    condition in the isolated area of the waste discharge",  (p 8)

    This conclusion should be sufficient to eliminate an ocean outfall as a means of
    effluent disposal even on an interim basis in this particularly sensitive and
    bountiful area.

7.  The report states that this outfall is a short term, interim solution (p 9).
    What time period is contemplated by the Carmel Sewer District for this
    interim period?
The items enumerated above were of main concern to this office.
asked is obtainable we would appreciate hearing from you.
                                                     Sine
                                                                 If the information
                                                     Assistant Superintendent
                                                     District 4
CM:m

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                                                                   NOV.3   'ii;r
                            DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
                      SOUTH PACIHC DIVISION, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
                          630 Sansome Street Room 1216
                          San Francisco, California 94111
         I MPLV ftCFKR TO
 SPDPD-R
                                                   2 November 1971
 Mr. Paul Do Falco, Jr.
 Regional Administrator
 EnvlromMntal Protection Agency
 Region IX
 760 Market Street
 Sen Francisco, California  94102
 Dear Mr. De Falco:

 This le In response to your 13 September letter requesting our comments  /
 on the draft environmental impact statement on the ocean outfall exten-
 sion project of the Carmel Sanitary District, Camel, California.

 The San Francisco District, Corps of Engineers, issued a permit on 18
 Jane 1970 to the Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel, California, for the
 construction of this project.  The applicant has complied with Special
 Condition 3 of the permit which called for a certification under Section
 21 
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STATE Of CALIFORNIA— RESOURCES AGENCY
                                                                           RONALD REAGAN, Govvr
DEPARTMENT OF  PARKS AND RECREATION
P.O. BOX 2390
SACRAMENTO 99811
                                                                   November 3,  1971
       Mr.  Paul De Falco,  Jr.
       Acting Regional Administrator
       Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX
       760 Market Street
       San Francisco, California 94102

       Dear Mr. De Falco:

       Please refer to your letter of September 13, 1971,  seeking our comments on
       the draft environmental impact statement prepared by your Agency on the ocean
       outfall extension project of the Carmel Sanitary District, Carmel,  California.
       Tour letter requested our comments by October 15, 1971;  it has not  been possible
       for us to meet that date.

       Our preliminary review of the draft statement indicates  that it is  satisfactory
       from our standpoint, and the preparators are to be  complimented on  the objective
       approach which they took to the various problems of the  outfall.  It is our
       initial conclusion  that the statement represents a  fair  analysis of the problems
       which are attendant upon the construction of this outfall.

       The draft statement has been circulated to members  of my staff who  have not had
       an opportunity' to comment at this writing; should further comments  be forthcoming
       from them, those comments will be transmitted to you at  a later date.
                                             Sincerely,
       K-l/11
                                                          /"
                                            'William PeiuyMott,
                                             Director   /

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                                   UNITED STATES
                         DEPARTMENT OF THE  INTERIOR
                              FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
                         BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE
Reference:  RB
                                    730 N. E. PACIFIC STREET
                                       P. O. BOX 3737
                                   PORTLAND, OREGON 97208
                                                               November  8,  1971
         Mr. Paul De Falco, Jr.
         Acting Regional Administrator
         Environmental Protection Agency
         760 Market Street
         San Francisco, California  94102

         Attention:  Mr. Fred Hoffman

         Dear Mr. De Falco:

         This is in response to your letter of September  13  to  our Sacramento
         Area office, Division of River Basin Studies,  requesting the Bureau's
         review of your draft environmental impact  statement on "Ocean Outfall
         Extension Project (WPC-CAL-468), Carmel  Sanitary District, Carinel,
         California."  These comments are for your  consideration in the review
         process and are not intended to constitute this  Bureau's formal  analysis
         under provisions of P. L.  91-190.   We offer our  compliments on your ex-
         cellent presentation; however, we believe  that a few points require
         clarification.

         The last sentence beginning on page 6 and  the  last  paragraph beginning
         on page 7 stress that while environmental  damage could occur at  the
         diffuser site, it would be highly unlikely.  Personnel of this Bureau,
         in formulating our position on this project, did considerable literature
         research on the effects of municipal sewage in the  marine environment
         and discussed the subject with many highly qualified individuals , in'
         eluding personnel of your agency.   We concluded  that most scientists
         believe municipal discharges probably have considerable impact on the
         total marine environment.   Changes of the  marine environment at  sewage
         outfall sites have been documented many  times  over.  The result  often
         is a gain in total biomass, but a reduction in species composition.  It
         is worth noting that those organisms most  noticeably absent from sewage
         discharge areas are often the same organisms that are  most desirable
         fron a sport fisheries standpoint.  Many biologists have recognized
         biological alterations and probable degradation  in  the vicinity  of
         sewage outfalls but, as a result of many uncontrollable parameters
                                                                          1971
and the lack of preproject studies and other problems,  are  unable  to
relate such changes directly to the outfall  in  question.  It  is  even
more difficult to determine to what degree particular constituents of
the discharge are responsible for change or  damage.   We believe  that
there will be some detectable damage to the  marine environment as  a
result of this project and that the extent of that damage will require
both preproject and postproject study.

We suggest that the phrase "less than conclusive"  be  stricken from the
last sentence beginning on page 6 and that the  last paragraph beginning
on page 7 be revised to show that although some damage  probably  will
occur, the extent of that damage will not be known until the  monitoring
studies are completed.

Also, we believe that the third paragraph, page 11., is  contradictory.
The first sentence points out that the outfall  is  an  interim  facility
which will be abandoned.  The second sentence indicates that  the out-
fall could be considered for long-term use.   This  should be clarified.

We again commend you on the general excellence  of  this  statement.

                                 Sincerely yours,
                                  ' JCW) rv. nmuv
                             /   Regional Director

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  ED REINECKE
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
   OFFICE OF
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
  MANAGEMENT

 MOO TENTH STREET
                            jifctte of California
                           LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR'S OFFICE
                                 SACRAMENTO 0B014
                              December 7,  1971
        Mr.  Paul De Falco
        760  Market Street
        San  Francisco,  California 94102

        Dear Mr.. De Falco:

        SUBJECT:  SCH 71092009  -  Carmel Ocean Outfall  Extension

        The  above listed project  was  received in  this  office  and dis-
        seminated to various  State departments for  review.  The
        following comments  were generated by  the  Department of Fish
        and  Game, the Department  of Parks and Recreation, State Lands
        Division, State Water Resources Control Board  and the Office
        of Planning and Research  and  cleared  through the Agency secretary:

             1)Department of  Fish and Game

            "In accordance  with agency guidelines,  here are our comments
             and recommendations  on this subject.

             In summary, this impact  statement does not assess in  adequate
             detail the potential impact of the action proposed.   All
             alternatives have  not been explored.   Clarification is
             needed as  to whether the project is  interim, permanent,
             or indefinite.  In view  of the considerable amount of
             public money and local concern about this project, the
             Environmental  Impact Statement should  be  redrafted taking
             into account our detailed review.

             Our detailed review  lists the page numbers and section of
             the Statement  along  with comments, as  follows:

             Page ii -  The  Description of Action section clearly enun-
             ciates this project  as an "interim measure."  We agree
             with this  concept  and it was part of our  understanding
             when we concurred  with the issuance of the U. S. Army
             Corps of Engineers permit for construction of the outfall.

             In the "Summary  of Impact and Effects" the impact of
             diffused waste of  reduced salinity and other waste com-
             ponents on the marine community  in the vicinity  of
             the diffuser is  ignored.   We view the  placement  of outfall
             locations  in kelp-bed communities as detrimental to areas
Mr. Paul De Falco
Page 2
December 7, 1971
    of biological significance.   We believe that this delicate
    marine community, which is dependent on a well-buffered
    marine environment,  may not withstand the lowered salin-
    ities, chlorine, herbicides, and other unidentified constituents
     associated with secondary treated domestic wastes.  We hold
    this view whether the discharge outfall is located within
    the arbitrary boundaries of an underwater Reserve of the
    California State Park System or not.

    We are not opposed to the strategic placement of outfalls
    in the marine environment to disperse well-treated wastes.
    However, there are locations that contain unique complex
    assemblanges of marine life that should not be used for
    diffusion of even well-treated wastes.  Carmel Bay is an
    example of this.

    Under the Alternatives Considered, an alternative for an
    interim solution not considered was upgrading the waste
    treatment to a level that would protect beneficial uses
    without moving the discharge point location.  Since newly
    constructed outfall  is an interim measure of protection,
    we believe in. future cases such as this one, the concept
    of upgrading treatment with eventual facilities to reclaim
    wastewater for re-injection to ground water reserves
    should be explored prior to extending an outfall.  Further
    examination of groundwater recharge needs in Carmel Valley
    may reveal that wastewater reclamation is the best
    possible alternative for the Carmel Sanitary District's
    waste treatment operation.

    Page 2 - The Statement discusses the programs to eliminate
    pollutional effects  of the present discharge.  However,
    the Statement limits itself to the ocean outfall extension
    project and apparently ignores the improved activated
    sludge (secondary treatment) process.  We understand the
    Statement is limited in this way from a funding standpoint,
    but it is logical to consider both improved treatment
    facilities and the changed outfall location when describ-
    ing the environmental impact of this project.  An examination
    of the improved treatment may reveal, that as an interim
    procedure, the extension of the outfall would not have
    been necessary if the discharge to Carmel Bay is to be
    ultimately terminated as indicated by the Statement and the
    Corps permit for the outfall.

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Mr. Paul De Falco
Page 3
December 7, 1971
     Page 3 - The diffuser nozzles are described as extending
     three feet above the discharge  line and discharging
     horizontally.  Attached to our comments is a survey
     conducted by our Department in 1970 describing the marine
     resources in the immediate area of the proposed diffuser
     line.  The statement fails to discuss the impact of the
     diffusion of the waste upon these resources.  We are espec-
     ially concerned that the intrusion of a low-salinity chlorinated
     effluent into this area will adversely affect these resources.
     This possibility should be discussed in the Statement.
     Based on the organisms listed in our survey, we believe
     there will be an adverse effect on these resources in the
     immediate area of the diffuser.

     Further on page 3, it is indicated that the Corps of Engineers
     permit was granted subject to the Environmental Protection
     Agency condition that only waste with secondary treatment
     would be conveyed through the outfall extension.  Recent
     discussions with other agencies reveal that the District
     now wishes to discharge primary treated wastes through the
     outfall prior to completion of its secondary treatment plant.
     If this exception to the condition of the permit is to be
     allowed, then its implications on environmental impact
     should be discussed in the Statement.  Also, the entire
     project may have to be reviewed by concerned agencies
     through the Corps permit process in order to clarify this
     matter.

     Pages 4-8 - Probable Impact of the Project on the Environment
     The statements on page 5 imply that biological damage created
     by the present discharge would be eliminated.  In our view,
     the project merely transfers the area of damage from a
     surf zone to a more delicate marine ecosystem.  The attached
     list of species from our survey along the proposed diffuser
     line substantiates this.

     On Page 5, it is stated that Macrocystis sp. is an annual
     plant.  It is a perennial and not an annual.

     With regard to protection of beneficial uses along the
     shoreline and in the Point Lobos Reserve (presumably
     including the marine life of the area), the Statement
Mr. De Falco
Page 4
December 7, 1971
     misses the point in that beneficial uses are to be protected
     in all waters of Carmel Bay, including those in the immediate
     area of dispersion.  As stated in the Summary Section, we
     believe that operation of the proposed diffuser line will
     have adverse effects on marine resources in the immediate
     vicinity of the. discharge.  However, even though this
     particular engineering approach has this shortcoming, we
     are agreeable to it on an interim basis in the interest of
     allowing the Carmel Sanitary District to plan for an
     effective permanent long-range solution to the problem.
     On Page 6 of the report, it cites giant kelp (Macrocystis
     pyrifera) as the most significant species of marine life
     found Tn the vicinity of the proposed discharge.  This is
     misleading, since it is the entire assemblage of the kelp
     bed community including the encrusting red algaes, fishes,
     tunicates, and other species that has to be protected from
     the discharge.  While it is true that the large brown
     algae (Macrocystis sp.) may be the dominant feature of
     the community, it is conceivable that the discharge will
     harm other species of the community without affecting this
     algae.

     The Statement implies that adverse effects of sewage discharged
     to colder ocean water is less detrimental than that discharged
     to warmer waters.  Further, it is implied that certain
     benefits to the sea otter food chain may be derived from the
     extra nutrient burden of the domestic sewage causing an
     unnatural abundance of sea urchins.  This conclusion is
     highly questionable.  It is the variety and abundance of
     marine life that is to be protected, along with the direct
     human use of these resources.  We are not in favor of
     manipulating the production of certain marine species through
     the use of waste discharge in this area.

     We agree with the point the Statement makes on page 6 about
     no detailed studies being made to determine precise effects
     of these waste discharges on biotic communities.

     It is implied on page 7 that there are fewer sea otters in
     Southern California to use the abundant urchin populations
     around the large municipal marine outfalls.  According to

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Mr. De Falco
Page 5
December 7, 1971
     our annual census surveys, there are no sea otters in
     Southern California waters.

     Also, on page 7, it is concluded that the degree of treatment
     and dispersion achieved by the project will prevent signif-
     icant effects on marine resources in Carmel Bay.  In view
     of the previous statement limiting consideration of
     environmental impact to the outfall only, we are surprised
     to see the reference to the improved degree of treatment.
     However, with regard to prevention of "significant effects"
     it is our position that there should be no adverse effects
     from this discharge on the marine resources of Carmel Bay.

     The conclusion reported on pages 7 and 8 that no detectable
     effect will occur to marine resources other than from
     construction is not an informed one.  The report has entirely
     ignored consideration of the impact from the diffusion of
     wastes from ten diffuser ports upon a delicate kelp bed
     community in the immediate vicinity of the diffuser port
     line.  Assurance should be given that the monitoring study
     will be designed to take precise measurements of community
     response in the immediate vicinity of the diffuser ports.

     Page 8 - Probable Adverse Effects Which Cannot Be Avoided

     This section states that the waste plume, approximately 100
     feet long on the main axis of the diffuser line, would be
     limited to an indescribable esthetic effect.  This is not
     true.  It is probable that the marine community in this
     area will be damaged by the diffusion of waste in the immed-
     iate area of discharge.  Low salinity, dilute chlorine,
     herbicides and other constituents of the treated waste will
     be causitive factors for these adverse effects.  The last
     paragraph admits that the influence of the waste will impair
     this area as a "scientific laboratory for the study of
     natural phenomena."  This is a polite way of saying the
     waste will upset the natural marine resources community
     by eliminating or reducing marine organisms in the immediate
     vicinity of the discharge.

     We object to the parallel drawn between changes in the
     watershed causing unnatural conditions in the Bay to those
Mr. De Falco
Page 6
December 7, 1971
     caused by the diffusion of waste.   This concept seems to
     imply that the two effects are the same in degree, which
     is not so.  If certain changes in the watershed are causing
     detectable adverse effects on the Bay, we would favor changing
     these practices as much as possible to eliminate these
     adverse effects.

     Pages 8-10 - Alternatives to the Proposed Action

     As pointed out at the beginning of our comment, the alterna-
     tive of upgrading treatment without changing the point of
     discharge was not considered.  Indeed, in view of the
     stated intent of the interim nature of future discharge to
     Carmel Bay, we feel examination of this alternative could
     have saved the project money spent on the outfall.

     We cannot concur with the concept that reclaimed waste water
     has to be directly reused for industrial or other direct
     consumptive purposes in order to be a feasible alternative
     to ocean disposal.  The groundwater table in the Carmel
     Valley is water-short.  Recharge of reclaimed waste water
     would appear to be a suitable alternative to construction
     of more water storage dams in the upper Carmel Valley.
     Much steelhead habitat has been sacrificed in order to
     provide water storage and groundwater recharge to water-
     short areas.  It seems wasteful to continue this practice
     while potentially good reclaimed water is wasted to the
     ocean.  Therefore, the report should state that the alter-
     native of reclaiming the District's wastewater for groundwater
     recharge to potentially water-short areas will be examined.

     Also, the report should note that the ocean floor topography
     in Carmel Bay is very steep and would probably preclude
     extension of the outfall to offshore areas as a feasible
     alternative.

     Page 10-11 - Short-Term Use vs. Long-Term Productivity

     We question the concept that effects must be arbitrarily
     "significant" in order for this interim project to be
     terminated.  We have viewed this project as interim from
     the start.  Our concurrence with the Corps permit was based
     on the premise that the discharge to Carmel Bay through this

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Mr. De Falco
Page 7
December 7, 1971
    outfall was an interim measure.  In our estimation,  there
    was no question of further studies having to provide addi-
    tional information in order to terminate the operation
    of this project.  We are in concurrence with the California
    State Department of Parks and Recreation that the outfall
    project is an interim one and will be abandoned when
    suitable long-range plans for final disposition of the
    District's wastes are formulated and implemented.

    Page 11-13 - Local Objections to the Project

    This section states that a comprehensive monitoring  program
    is to be carried out by the discharger to detect damage
    to marine resources.  Further, the results of the program
    would determine whether the project was interim or would
    be allowed to continue on a permanent basis.

    As stated before, our understanding of the project was that
    it was an interim solution to an immediate problem.   The
    monitoring program was designed to merely detect gross
    pollution problems centering on public health matters during
    the interim period.  Biological data gathering was also
    designed to detect malfunctions of the system during the
    interim period.  There was no question that the entire
    program including use of the outfall was interim and would
    be terminated within two to five years.  Now, it is  proposed
    that the already approved monitoring program be used as a
    basis to allow the discharge to continue indefinitely.

    The proposed monitoring program received only a cursory
    review by most State agencies based on the understanding that
    the entire program was interim only.  Our review of  the pro-
    gram did not receive a required detailed examination.  There
    were no inter-agency meetings between all interested agencies
    to discuss the details of the program or its intent.

    If the project is not interim and the continuance of the
    discharge to Carmel Bay is to be based on the monitoring
    program results, then the program has to be redesigned to
    fit these new conditions.  The present monitoring program is
    inadequate to detect damage to marine resources from the
    chronic discharge of wastes receiving a reliable secondary
Mr. De Falco
Page 8
December 7, 1971
     treatment with chlorination.  Transects and sampling
     locations are now spaced to detect gross pollution effects
     only over a wide area.  There is no provision to detect
     changes in the immediate vicinity of the outfall.  At a
     minimum, part of the monitoring program should contain
     stations on the rocky substrate along the outfall diffuser
     line.  The program should provide for a minimum sampling
     of these stations for one year prior to the discharge of
     effluent through the line.  This will provide a minimum
     of baseline data upon which to base analysis  of future
     sampling after the line is in operation.  Further, the
     monitoring program should be conducted by the best local
     marine biologist experts available in the area.  In our
     view, our Department or Hopkins Marine Station personnel
     are the best qualified to perform this task.

     Therefore, we propose that a detailed review of the mon-
     itoring program be made by concerned State, Federal, and
     local agencies in the interest of designing a program that
     will detect actual effects of the effluent in the vicinity
     of the discharge.

     The following agencies should be included in this review:

          U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
          U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
          California State Water Resources Control Board
          California Central Coastal Regional Water Quality
            Control Board
          California Department of Fish and Game
          California Department of Parks and Recreation
          California Department of Public Health
          Hopkins Marine Station

     In conclusion, the Environmental Impact Statement should
     be redrafted, taking into account our comment on the need
     for expansion and clarification of certain sections of the
     draft.  Also, the monitoring program should be revised,
     keeping within the intent of the overall program.  Also,
     we suggest that a qualified marine biologist familiar with
     the marine resources of the Carmel area by employed to
     rewrite sections of the Statement relating to biological
     aspects of these resources.

     We are available for any questions concerning our comments.

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Mr. De Falco
Page 9
December 7, 1971
For further information regarding these comments, please contact
Mr. E. C. Fullerton, Department of Fish and Game, 1416 Ninth
Street, Sacramento 95814  (916) 445-5250.

     2)State Water Resources Control Board

     "The State Water Resources Control Board is a co-author
     of the subject environmental impact statement.  Therefore,
     it is inappropriate  for this office to comment on the EIS.
     We shall consider comments from other agencies when final-
     izing the above statement."

For further information regarding these comments, please contact
Mr. Paul R. Bonderson, State Water Resources Control Board,
1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento 95814 (916) 445-7971.

     3) Department of Parks and Recreation

     "The granting of an  easement across Carmel River State
     Beach indicates that the Department of Parks and Recreation
     recognizes that an immediate and critical sewage treatment
     problem exists in this area.  The department also recog-
     nizes that a permanent solution for the treatment and
     discharge of sewage  from this district will require research,
     analysis and study over a period of time.  However, it must
     be restated that the easement was granted in good faith
     and under restricting conditions, as an interim solution
     only, to resolve the existing pollution problem.

     With the beach easement the department established two
     conditions which are included in the State and Federal
     grant to the Sanitary District.  These conditions require
     the district to thoroughly monitor the water movements and
     cause and effect of  the effluent being discharged in the
     bay and to reach a satisfactory treatment solution based
     on the monitoring data by February 1, 1974.  In relation
     to these conditions we have reviewed the monitoring program,
     dated July 22, 1971, and prepared by the California Regional
     Water Quality Control Board, Central Coast Region.  We
     also have discussed  the program with a representative of
     the Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control
Mr. De Falco
Page 10
December 7, 1971
     Board.  It is our conclusion that the monitoring program
     as presented will not adequately satisfy the department's
     conditions of the easement.  Major deficiencies in the
     program revolve around the following points:

          1.  The program will not provide adequate water current
              sampling to determine the cause and effect of the
              true underwater change.  This conclusion was
              reached since the program calls for only one
              current meter.  Additional current meters should
              be placed in the bay since limited data on water
              movement in this area is available.

          2.  Core samples, according to the plan are to be
              taken regularly from points along established
              transects.  In place of this a more comprehensive
              ocean bottom sampling program should include a
              random sampling selected from all accessible
              underwater areas of the entire bay.  This would
              result in an overall picture of the effluents
              effect on the entire underwater ecosystem.

     This Department has recently published the California
     Coastline Preservation and Recreation Plan which indicates
     that the Point Lobos State Reserve, Carmel River State
     Beach and all of the underwater area of Carmel Bay incor-
     porate unique and outstanding natural resource values which
     should be preserved and protected.  In accordance with
     these findings we are determined to safeguard the environ-
     mental quality of this area.  There is only one ultimate
     sewage treatment solution which we can support in this area,
     and that is the complete termination of all effluent dis-
     charge in Carmel Bay."

For further information regarding this comment, please contact
Mr. William Penn Mott, Jr.,  Department of Parks and Recreation,
1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento 95814  (916) 445-2358.

     4)State Lands Division

     "1.  The five-foot wide trench will traverse an area of
     sand.  It is possible that the angle of the trench sides
     in sand will be much less than a one-to-one slope; thus,
     the area of temporary disturbance may be larger than 3000
     square feet.
     2.  What will become of the sand and rock excavated while
     pipe laying is in progress?  Assuming there will be some

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Mr. De Falco
Page 11
December 7, 1971
     backfill, what will be done with the material that is
     displaced by the pipe and concrete?  If the trench is to
     be backfilled entirely with concrete the statement should
     be clearer.
     3.  The alternatives of different lengths and locations
     for the outfall line, except that of a longer pipe,  were
     not discussed.  Do current elements within the Bay,  together
     with peak discharge times and quantities, effluent away
     from the beach and the Reserve?
     4.  Under "Irreversible. .  .Commitments" it may be an
     unwarranted assumption, and thus a false assurance,  that
     the regional disposal system ultimately adopted will result
     in abandonment of the use of the proposed outfall.  Similarly
     assurances that the aquatic resources will be unaffected by
     the regional system appear to be premature.

     Thank you for the opportunity to comment."

For further information regarding this comment, please contact
Mr. R. S. Golden, State Lands Division, 1020 12th Street,
Second Floor, Sacramento, 95814  (916)  445-5303.

     5)Office of Planning and Research

     "The Environmental Impact Statement,  as prepared by  the
     Environmental Protection Agency,  does not adequately assess
     the issue of population growth and distribution in the
     Carmel area.  It is the population growth and consequent
     urban development in the area that has created a situation
     which is threatening the quality of the environment.  The
     uniqueness of this environment, which is of statewide
     significance, has brought esthetic popularity and economic
     viability to the residents  of this area.  These residents
     are seeking to establish population and land use policies.

     An example of an action that has  been taken in a nearby
     county is the adoption of "Urban Development Policies"
     by the City of San Jose on  October 19, 1970.  One of the
     recommendations that states City Responsibility to Property
     Owners and Citizens contains the  following:

          'Public facilities shape the physical, social,  and
          economic form of the city.  The ability to extend or
          refuse to extend utilities or services is a proper
          tool to use in guiding urban development.'

     The environmental statement for the Carmel Ocean Outfall
     Extension Project deliberately sidesteps this issue  and
Mr. De Falco
Page 12
December 7, 1971
     does not include a discussion on the topic that would seem
     pertinent to the implementation of this project.

     The quality of the environment in the Carmel area depends,
     in large part, upon the improvement and maintenance of the
     water quality of the drainage system and the receiving
     ocean waters.  The proposed expansion of the Point Lobos
     Underwater Preserve would help to protect the marine
     portion of the environment, but the discharge of treated
     waste waters into the Carmel Bay, even on an interim basis,
     will undoubtedly change the ecology of this area.

     Realizing the need to upgrade the treatment of effluent
     from the Carmel Sanitary District to secondary or tertiary
     quality and realizing the need for complete termination of
     all discharge into Carmel Bay, the following is recommended:

          1.  Some formal guarantee that the outfall extension
              will only be an "interim" solution and that all
              effluent discharge into Carmel Bay will cease by
              1974.

          2.  An effective and continuing monitoring system in
              the Carmel River and Bay, conducted by State Fish
              and Game biologists, to assure the preservation
              of the natural quality of the marine ecology.

          3.  A thorough investigation of all alternative solu-
              tions to assure that the effluent will be completely
              recycled and used for groundwater recharge, ag-
              ricultural irrigation, park use, or some similar
              use that will not endanger the fragile environment
              of this area.

          4.  The development of population and land use policies
              for the Carmel area that are comprehensive in
              their approach and serve to guide the development
              of utilities so that they are consistent with the
              maintenance or enhancement of environmental quality.

     We are in agreement with the statements made by the
     Departments of Fish and Game and Parks and Recreation with
     regard to the  Environmental Impact Statement on the Carmel
     Outfall Extension."

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  Mr. De Falco
  Page 13
  December 7, 1971
  For further information on this comment, please contact Mr.
  John Passerello, Office of Planning and Research, 1400 10th
  Street, Sacramento 95814 (916)  445-4831.

  These comments were aimed at assuring that your project is
  coordinated at all levels of government and to insure a strong
  application to the funding agency.  The State Clearinghouse
  would appreciate Unowledge of any communications that you
  might have with the commenting departments .

  We request that you use the State Clearinghouse number assigned
  to your project on the cover page of your application, since
  this number will be used by the funding agency when the State
  Clearinghouse is notified of the awarding of your grant.
                                Sincerely,
                                MARK E. BRIGGS, Assist
                                Office of Intergovernmental
                                  Management/State Clearinghouse
  MEB:jan
       Leslie L. Dolittle, AMBAG  .
       E. C. Fullerton, Fish and Game
       Paul R. Bonderson, SWRCB
       William Penn Mott, Jr., Parks and Recreation
       R. S. Golden, State Lands Division
       John Passerello, OPR
Attachment

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           SIERRA CLUB   ~  VENTANA CHAPTER

    "W 10  2 1(1 PM '71° BOX S<"6'- CAIIMEK, CALIFORNIA Ol'.l^l
                                    Dece.-.oer 1--,
Mr. Paul OeFalco
760 ilarket Street
San Francisco, Ca.  9^102
                     Subject - WPC - GAL - 463
                              Caru^l Ocean Outfall
Dear Sir,
         Ventana Chapter, Sierra  Club,  is deeply interested in
protection of the natural values possessed by GaK.;el Bay.  '.ve
are interested in preservation of t.ie underwater biota as v.-ell as
protection of shore  line.

         Because of this interest we ha  ve examined Draft En-
vironmental Statement re Camel Outfall jlxtension with ^reat in-
terest.

         It is widely recognized that Car..iel Bay contains spe-
cial and unique attributes wnica deserve  special protection.  It
contains an underwater area alongside Point Lobos Reserve r.m:
classified as an uoaeruater reserve ar*» Car.;el Bay itself is un-
der consideration for classification by the De;t. of par.-:s _; Re-
creation as a Reserve.  The vaters a.-.d biota of t.ie 2ay are as
yet relatively unspoiled.  For tnis reason the ai-es. is valuable
for scientific study as vrell as for Tiewina £.:•& -photo:.raphi.-.j.
Jacques Cousteau has said it is a fragile area and unless ..ro-
tected will be lost.

         •These are  tie reasons ve -.ir^entiy £'^_££t t,-.at t.ie
present and proposed outfalls into the Bay 'OB vie-.:=c :.£. a.-: "s.n
interim solution". ",."e trust t..at the t::o parsers.;.-.s at t.ic.- joc-
toa of page 3 of above .;a.ieu Drafi 'x cor.tai.-.ai i.-. 0..= i'i.L;.i re-
port.

         Tl;e rev: outfall -J.y be .•^ce3j£.r. i£ a -..cr-t til-.: ..ex-
sure or as a Safety  valve for occasional  u;e -_t £.._:..:.£.'.!. i.-.ouli
be cade on the necessity for alwer.u.tive  -'ii,:;£El ..Sw:..'Ji ti "_«
adopted as soo/i as poiiible.
December 21,  1971
                                                                                                                           THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
                                                                                                                           Washington. D.C. 2O23O
                                                                                                                                                          «"
Mr.  Paul DeFalco, Jr.
Acting Regional Administrator
Environmental  Protection Agency
760  Market Street
San  Francisco,  California  94102

Dear Mr. DeFalco:
                                                                                                                                                       ^^  ^. ***
                                                                                                                                                           > m
                                                                                                                                                       00  S8
                                                                                                                                                       z-  55
                                                                                                                                                       _3  =
We have reviewed your draft environmental statement on
the  Ocean Outfall Extension Project (WPC-CAL-468),
Carmel Sanitary District,  Carmel,  California.

The  draft statement indicates the  ocean  outfall sewer
extension is an interim measure  to relieve existing
pollution problems and  that the  principal environmental
impact will be  to lower existing conditions of pollution
near the shore  line in  Carmel Bay.  We note also  that
long-range alternate solutions to  this problem are
currently under study by a regional water quality plan-
ning agency with State  and Federal financial support.

There will be some damage  to marine life during construc-
tion of the outfall line.   However, it is expected  that
reestablishment of near natural  conditions would  occur
once construction of the line is completed.  We have no
serious adverse comments on the  draft statement.

We appreciate this opportunity to  review this statement
on the proposed project.
                                                                                           Sincerely,
                                                                                          -Sidney R.I Gal
                                                                                           Deputy Assistant Secretary
                                                                                           for Environmental Affairs
                                                                                           Enclosure

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                          Appendix C





Response to comments not included in the text of the Statement

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Comments by the U. S. Geological Survey

Comment:   "Will recent zoning decisions in the Carmel area,
           which appear to make increased residential and
           commercial development a certainty, have appreciable
           effect on the quality and quantity of waste waters
           discharged to the Carmel plant?  If so, were these
           anticipated changes examined during assessment of
           feasibilities for other disposal alternatives?"

Response:  See the section entitled Background and Description
           of the Project for anticipated 1985 flows.All
           anticipated changes in quantity and quality of
           waste water will be considered in determining the
           ultimate method of handling Carmel's waste water
           problems.
Comments by the Army Corps of Engineers

Comment:   "The statement does not mention the possibility
           that part of the surfacing sewage field would be
           released to the atmosphere and transported shoreward
           as an aerosol through white caps and breaking waves
           action.  This could result in a significant public
           health problem and should be evaluated in the
           statement."

Response:  There is no known public health problem resulting
           from aerosols from the present outfall which dis-
           charges directly into the surf zone.  Although this
           potential hazard does exist, it should be mitigated
           by the higher degree of treatment and discharge to
           deeper waters.  It is possible that some of the
           surfacing effluent plume may be released to the
           atmosphere as an aerosol and transported shoreward.
           There is no known evidence that aerosols from similar
           outfalls.have ever created a public health problem.

Comment by the California Department of Parks and Recreation.

Comments:  "Will the Environmental Protection Agency guarantee
           that only secondary treated sewage will pass through
           the pipe?  If not, who will?  What are the penalties
           if lesser treated effluent is passed through the
           outfall?"

Response:  The Environmental Protection Agency reaffirms its
           commitment to the condition on the Army Corps of
           Engineers permit that only secondary treated

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           effluent be discharged from the outfall.  If
           lesser treated effluent is discharged, the Corps of
           Engineers may issue a Cease and Desist Order.

Comment:   "The report states that the proposed discharged
           effluent could be expected to have a beneficial
           effect on the Bay as compared to its present
           condition,  (p. 8)  'We know of no instance in which
           the overall effect of any large-scale waste outfall
           is considered to be beneficial.1"

Response:  The present condition referred to here is the
           pollution problem created by the existing outfall.


Comments by the Monterey Committee for Environmental Information

Comment:   "Will the E.P.A. guarantee that only secondary
           treated sewage will pass through the pipe?  If not,
           who will?"

Response:  See Comment and Response of California Department
           of Parks and Recreation.
Comments by Hudson, Farr, Koran, Lloyd and Dennis

Comment:   "Upon what statutory authority did your agency file
           a joint impact statement with the California State
           Water Resources Board?"

Response:  Since the Federal and State Laws require similar
           environmental statements as described on page £(_
           and since there is no legal impediment to Federal-
           State cooperation, it was decided to file a joint
           statement.

Comment:   "The statement is false and intentionally misleading
           in that the $868,000 study initiated by the
           Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments does
           not undertake a comprehensive study of Carmel Bay
           nor does it, as the draft suggests  ' include
           oceanographic investigations related to the marine
           disposal alternatives and will examine alternatives
           for land applications, waste water reclamation
           and reuse options' of Carmel Bay."

Response:  The statement does not claim that the AMBAG study
           will undertake a comprehensive study of Carmel Bay.
           However, the combination of the AMBAG study, the
           District's receiving water monitoring program

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           described in Appendix A, the County Public Health
           Department's ongoing monitoring program, and the
           studies being done by the Hopkins Marine Station
           and by Monterey Peninsula College, will comprise a
           comprehensive study of Carmel Bay.

           The AMBAG study will indeed "include oceanographic
           investigations related to marine disposal alternatives
           and will examine alternatives for land applications,
           waste water reclamation and reuse options."  .

Comment:   "The statement is false and intentionally misleading
           wherein it states,that the citizen's law suit 'was
           dismissed for lack of evidence that the project
           would have a detrimental effect on the plaintiff's
           property.'"

Response:  The Superior Court order in the case of Hudson vs
           Dibble is attached.

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    DISTRICT, at al.,
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 ilOMbON J. HUDSON,                  )
                    Plaintiff,      )            No.  68487
           VS.                      )      ORDER DENYING INJUNCTION
 EDWARD F. DIBBLE,  CARMEL SANITARY  )      AND SUSTAINING DEMURRER
         ,  ,Tne Court finds that plaintiff is not entitled to
 injunctive  relief  in this  case  for the  following reasons:
            1.   That  plaintiff has  been  provided  an  administrative
 forum under  Sections 13263,  13301,  13302,  and 13320 of the Water
 Code.  A judicial  review by  mandate is  ^rovidoa  by  Section 13330.
 It does not  appear that plaintiff  has alleged or proved that he
 has exhausted  his  administrative remedies  and there;ore has failed
 to satisfy this condition precedent for action in the Superior
 Court.  (Triangle  Ranch Inc. vs. Union Oil Co.,  135 Cal. App.
 2d 428, 438).
           2.  Plaintiff has produced no satisfactory evidence
 that the extension of the outflow line for an additional four
 hundred feet into Carmol Bay will have a detrimental effect on
his property lying on the southerly shore of that Bay.   It appears
that the defendants have made a study of currents and are
continuing to make such study and have satisfied themselves that

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      tho  proposed construction is  adequate  to protect the  beneficial
      usos of  the  water  in this aroa.   Finally the  new outfall will
      have the benefit of  a diffuscr.   Tho uncontrovortad testimony
  9   is that  this will  servo to spread the  effluent over a far
10   greater  arc a than  tho present open end pipe and  therefore
11   constitute an improvement over the present condition.  The
12   Court therefore finds that plaintiff has  not established by a
13   preponderance of the  ovidonco that the threatened action of
L4   defendants will injure plaintiffs
15            Injunction  is a harsh remedy and in this case by reason
16   of increase  in costs  of construction if that is held in abeyance
      for a considerable time damages might well run up to four hundred
      thousand dollars.  Whether plaintiff would be benefited or
     donmgud by tha proposed construction ia open to debate; but in
20   any ovunt plaintiff made no effort to sot a monetary value on
21   tho damages he thinks ho wight suffer.
22             For the foregoing reasons the temporary restraining
23   order is dissolved and the application  for preliminary injunction
24   is denied.
P fi
               The general domurror of defendants is  sustained  on
     tho ground that plaintiff  has  failed to exhaust  his administrative
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     remedies .
28             It  is noted that plaintiff has  stricken the  first
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     sentence of paragraph 5  of the complaint  and alii allegations  upon
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which to base a prayer for monetary relief, therefore/  tho
(iomurror for uncertainty has become moot.
          Plaintiff is granted twenty days in which to  amend
his complaint*             ;•
Datedi /April 19, 1971,
                                           STANLEY LAWSON
                                       Judge of the Superior Court

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                                          ERNEST A. MAGGIN1  j^ j IQ 3j $,{27!
                                          PEPUTYfW?/*• /_,          ...««.• .-I
                                                            ERNtbTA. ;;;-;••'   ,t
                                                              bOU&i i  :-."y-rtlS.^c-'
                      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OP CALIFORNIA
                              IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF MONTEREY
             THOMSON J. HUDSON,
                           Plaintiff,
                  vs.
             EDWARD F. DIBBLE, et al.,
                           Defendants
                                            No.  68487
                                     ORDER DISMISSING ACTION
         The application of defendants CARMEL SANITARY DISTRICT
and CARMEL SANITARY DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS for an Order
Dismissing the above entitled action pursuant to Code of Civil
Procedure Section 581.3 came on regularly for hearing before the
Court on June  7  , 1971, and the Court having considered the
declaration and application of JEREMIAH J. LYNCH, Attorney for sai
defendants, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court
that plaintiff THOMSON J. HUDSON has failed to amend his complaint
herein within the time allowed by Order of this Court entered on
April 19, 1971, sustaining defendants' demurrer to said complaint
with leave to amend within 20 days after notice;
         IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the
above entitled action be dismissed and that plaintiff take nothing
by said action.
DATED;_ £L~«~7, 	
       L/                        jz%?%^// * _-_,
                                                    ^&
                                               NOTICE OF ENTRY Of JlJOGMiiNy
                                               MAIU3D BY CLBRX OM \2 J It / /(
                                                                ir GPO W1.190

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                                                                 Jt
      Carmel Bay
    Diffuser   24*
    Section
                            Mean Sea Level
            Connect to
           (existing pipe
            Existing 14
            outfall sewer
                                           I
             CARMEL RIVER
             STATE BEACH
                        PLAN
                2  minimun cover
          =•   TO beginlng of
               diffuser
                        SECTION
           Scenic   / EXISTING
            Pt. ^  CARMEL
                SEWAGE TREATMENT
A  Carmel     \     PLANT
    Bay
       PROPOSED
       OUTFALL
                       EXISTING
                        OUTFALL
                        SEWER
                     LOCATION
                       MAP
                                  HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
       50
                       -MHHW-2A

                       -MLLW-2.5
                                           200   100
                           200
              Scale in Feet
 PROPOSED  OUTFALL SEWER
        IN CARMEL BAY
   SOUTH OF CARMEL RIVER

      COUNTY  of MONTEREY
          CALIFORNIA
     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             REGION IX
        SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA
          Scale in Feet
      (U.S.C8GS Chart  No. 3476)
                     Figure 1.

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  Man iereu    "Bay
PROPOSED PT. L060S MARINE t
RESERVE & UNDERWATER PARKl
                            Figure 3

                MONTEREY BAY REGION & LOCATION
  OF PROPOSED POINT LOBOS MARINE RESERVE AND UNDERWATER PARK
                   f \9in7
           POINT LOIOS STATE RESERVF
PROPOSED MARINE RESERVE ft UNDER WATER PARK
                                                                                                       OtpOu In tfthoau tt HLLHf

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