SEPA
          United States
          Environmental Protection
          Agency
            Office of Air Quality
            Planning and Standards
            Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 83-ASP-4
May 1934
          Air
Asphalt Concrete
industry

Emission Test
Report
T.J. Campbell
Company
Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma
          Volume 1

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DCN 222-078-03-15
                             EMISSION TEST REPORT
                      T.J. CAMPBELL ASPHALT CONCRETE PLANT
                             OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
                            Final Report 83-ASP-4
                                  Volume 1
                                Prepared for:

                            Mr. Clyde E. Riley
                               Task Manager
                       Emissions Measurement Branch
               Office  of Air Quality Planning and  Standards
                   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
               Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711

                       EPA  Contract No. 68-02-3850
                             Work  Assignment 03
                            ESED Project No. 83-05
                                 Prepared by:

                                 M.R.  Fuchs
                                 E.P. Anderson
                                 L.-A. Rohlack
                                 A.E.  Behl

                              Radian  Corporation
                                Revised May 84

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This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards
and Engineering Division, Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards, Office of Air, Noise and Radiation,
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for pub-
lication.  Mention of company or product names does not
constitute endorsement by EPA.   Copies are available
free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors
and grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies
permit - from the Library Services Office, MD-35, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Order:  EMB Report 83-ASP-4,  Volume 1

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                                 PREFACE
     The work reported herein was performed by personnel from Radian
Corporation, Midwest Research Institute (MRI), and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA).

     Radian's Project Director,  Michael Fuchs, directed the field sampling
and analytical effort and was responsible for summarizing the test and
analytical data presented in this report.   Sample analysis was performed
by Radian Corporation in Austin, Texas.  The test work was performed under
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3850, Work Assignment No.  3.

     MRI Project Monitor, William Terry, was responsible for monitoring
process operations during the emissions testing program, and for reporting
those data to EPA.  Radian was  responsible for incorporating the process
data into report form (Section 3.0).  The assistance of T.J. Campbell Company
personnel contributed substantially to the success of this emission test
program.  T.J. Campbell Construction Company personnel included Mr.  Ted
Campbell, President, and Mr. O'Flynn Sewell, Plant Manager.

     Mr. Jeffrey Telander, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Industrial Studies Branch, EPA,  served as Project Lead Engineer and was
responsible for coordinating the process operations monitoring.

     Mr. Clyde E. Riley,  Office  of the Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Emission Measurements Branch, EPA, served as Task Manager and was responsible
for overall test program coordination.
                                    iii

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section                                                                Page

1.0           INTRODUCTION	   1-1

              1.1  Background	-.-	   1-1
              1.2  Ob j ectives	   1-2
              1.3  Brief Process Description	   1-2
              1.4  Emissions Measurement Program	   1-4
              1.5  Description of Report Sections	   1-7

2.0           SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS	   2-1

              2.1  Particulate Emission Results	   2-2
              2.2  Total Organic Carbon Results. . .	   2-13
              2.3  Extractable Organics Emission Results	   2-14
              2.4  Comparison of TOC and Extractable Organics
                   Emission Results	   2-18
              2.5  Trace Metal Emission Results	   2-22
              2.6  Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emission
                   Test Results	   2-25
              2.7  Particle Size Distribution Results	   2-27
              2.8  Visible Emissions Results	   2-32
              2.9  Scrubber Water Grab Sample Measurements	   2-38
              2.10 Scrubber Water Analytical Results	   2-41
              2.11 Process Sampling Results	   2-46

3.0           PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION	   3-1

              3.1  Process Description..	   3-1
              3.2  Process Operation	   3-6
              3.3  Process Monitoring During the Emission
                   Test Program	   3-8
              3.4  Emission Control System Monitoring During  the
                   Emission Test Program/
              3.5  Summary of Pertinent Plant Operation Information
                   During the Emission Test Program	   3-12

4.0           SAMPLING LOCATIONS	   4-1

              4.1  Venturi Scrubber Inlet Sampling Locations	„.   4-1
              4.2  Venturi Scrubber Outlet  Sampling Locations.......   4-5
              4.3  Visible Emission Observation Locations	   4-9
              4.4  Venturi Scrubber Water SAmpling Locations	„.   4-9
              4.5  Venturi Scrubber Process Monitoring Locations....   4-9
              4.6  Asphalt Concrete Process Sampling Locations	   4-13

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                      TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Section                                                               PajL£

5.0            SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS			   5-1

               5 . 1  Sampling Procedures	 .   5-1
               5.2  Analytical Methodology	   5-19
               5.3  Data Reduction	   5-31

6. 0            QUALITY ASSURANCE		   6-1

               6.1  Standard Quality Assurance Procedures..	   6-1
               6.2  Test Program Specific  Quality Control/
                    Quality Assurance Procedures	   6-9
                                   vi

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                               LIST OF TABLES

Table                                                                 Page

2-1       Summary of Particulate and Total Organic Carbon
            Emissions during Conventional Operation
            (English Units) 	    2-3

2-2       Summary of Particulate and Total Organic Carbon
            Emissions during Conventional Operation
            (Metric Units)	    2-4

2-3       Summary of Particulate and Total Organic Carbon
            Emissions during Recycle Operation
            (English Units) 	    2-5

2-4       Summary of Particulate and Total Organic Carbon
            Emissions during Recycle Operation
            (Metric Units)	'	    2-6

2-5       Comparison of Particulate Emissions Calculated by
            the Concentration Method vs. Area-Ratio Method	    2-10

2-6       Aggregate Additions for Typical Mixes at
            T.J. Campbell Construction Company, Oklahoma City,
            Oklahoma 	    2-12

2-7       Summary of Uncontrolled Particulate and Extractable
            Organics Emissions 	    2-15

2-8       Summary of Controlled Particulate and Extractable
            Organics Emissions	    2-16

2-9       Comparison of Uncontrolled TOC and Extractable
            Organics Emissions 	    2-19

2-10      Comparison of Controlled TOC and Extractable
            Organics Emissions	    2-21

2-11      Summary of Trace Metal Emissions during Conventional
            Operation	    2-23

2-12      Summary of Trace Metal Emissions during Recycle
            Operation	    2-24

2-13      Summary of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions
            during Conventional Operation	    2-26

2-14      Summary of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions
            during Recycle Operation	    2-28
                                    VII

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                          LIST OF TABLES  (continued)

Table                                                                 Page

2-15      Summary of Uncontrolled Particle Size Distribution
            Tests . „	    2-31

2-16      Summary of Visible Emission Observations during
            Conventional Operation	    2-33

2-17      Summary of Visible Emission Observations during
            Recycle Operation	    2-35

2-18      Summary of Scrubber Water pH and Temperature
            Measurements for Conventional Operation.....	    2-39

2-19      Summary of Scrubber Water pH and Temperature
            Measurements during Recycle Operation	    2-40

2-20      Summary of Scrubber Water Analytical Results during
            Conventional Operation		 .    2-42

2-21      Summary of Scrubber Water Analytical Results during
            Recycle Operation	    2-44

2-22      Summary of Process Sample Measurements for
            Conventional Operation.	    2-47

2-23      Summary of Process Sample Measurements for  Recycle
            Operation	    2-47

3-1       Technical Data on the Asphalt Concrete Plant Operated
            by the T.J.  Campbell Construction Company,
            Oklahoma City,  Oklahoma	    3-2

3-2       Technical Data on the Wet Venturi Scrubber  at the
            T.J.  Campbell Construction Company, Oklahoma
            City, Oklahoma	    3-5

3-3       Aggregate Additions for Typical Conventional Mixes
            Produced at  the T.J. Campbell Construction Company,
            Oklahoma City,  Oklahoma.	    3-7

3-4       Aggregate Additions for Typical RAP Mixes Produced at
            the T.J. Campbell Construction Company, Oklahoma
            City, Oklahoma	    3-7
                                   viii

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                          LIST OF TABLES (continued)

Table                                                                 Page
3-5       Process Information during Emission Testing,
            T.J. Campbell Construction Company, Oklahoma
            City, Oklahoma 	   3-9

3-6       Summary of Venturi Scrubber Operating Data Collected
            during Conventional Operation at T.J. Campbell
            Construction Company, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	   3-13

3-7       Summary of Venturi Scrubber Operating Data Collected
            during Recycle Operation at T.J. Campbell
            Construction Company, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	   3-14

3-8       Average Production and Mix Type during Testing
            Period—T.J. Campbell Construction Company,
            Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	   3-15

5-1       Summary of Source Sampling Parameters and Methodology....   5-2

5-2       Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determined by GC-MS	   5-28

5-3       GC-MS Conditions	   5-28

6-1       Summary of Calibrated Equipment Used in Performing
            Source Sampling	   6-2

6-2       Summary of Total Organic Carbon Audit Sample
            Measurements	   6-15

6-3       Summary of Cleanup Results	   6-16
                                    ix

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                            LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                                                                Page

1-1       Schematic of asphalt concrete plant process and
            emission control equipment	   1-3

2-1       Particle size distribution curves of uncontrolled
            emissions collected during recycle and
            conventional operation	   2-30

2-2       Six-minute averages of November 12, 1983.   Opacity
            readings on the venturi scrubber stack during
            conventional operation	   2-34

2-3       Six-minute averages of November 10, 1983.   Opacity
            readings on venturi scrubber stack during
            recycle operation	   2-36

2-4       Six-minute averages of November 11, 1983.   Opacity
            readings on venturi scrubber stack during
            recycle operation	   2-37

3-1       Wet venturi emissions control scrubber operated by the
            T.J. Campbell Construction Company, Oklahoma City, OK..
                                                                      3-4
4-1       Schematic of asphalt concrete process including
            sampling point locations and sampling matrix	    4-2

4-2A      Side View of Inlet Duct Sampling Ports	    4-3

4-2B      Top View of Inlet Duct Sampling Ports	    4-3

4-3       Venturi scrubber inlet sampling location for gas
            flow rate, particulate mass, condensible
            hydrocarbons, trace metals, and polyaromatic
            hydrocarbons emissions sampling	    4-4

4-4       Venturi scrubber inlet sampling location for the
            collection of particle size distribution samples	    4-6

4-5       Venturi scrubber outlet sampling location for
            particle size distribution sampling	    4-7

4-6       Venturi scrubber outlet sampling location for gas
            flow, particulate mass, condensible hydrocarbons,
            trace metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons
            emission sampling	    4-8
                                   xi

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                          LIST OF FIGURES (continued)

Figure

4-7       Locations of visible emission observations at the
            T.J.  Campbell asphalt plant,  Oklahoma City.
            Oklahoma	• •		.   4-10

4-8       Layout  of effluent and influent scrubber ponds
            including sampling locations	•	•	•   4-11

4-9       Venturi scrubber pressure drop  monitoring location........   4-12

4-10      Location of Flosensors® used to monitor the flow
            rate  of water to the T.J.  Campbell  wet venturi
            scrubber 	   4-14

5-1       Modified EPA Method 5E sampling train designed to
            collect particulate and condensible hydrocarbon
            samples at the venturi scrubber inlet and outlet	   5-7

5-2       Sampling train designed to collect trace metals
            samples at the venturi scrubber inlet and
            outlet		   5-9

5-3       Sampling train designed to collect polynuclear Aromatic
            hydrocarbon samples at venturi scrubber inlet
            and outlet	   5-11

5-4       In-stack Andersen high capacity stack sampler sampling
            train used to determine the particle size distribution
            at the venturi scrubber inlet		   5-13

5-5       In-stack Andersen Mark III Cascade impactor sampling
            train used to determine the particle size distribution
            at the venturi scrubber outlet	   5-14

5-6       Schematic of the Andersen Model HCSS  high grain-loading
            impactor	   5-15

5-7       Particulate and condensible hydrocarbons sample
            recovery analytical matrix	   5-21

5-8       Particulate, extractable hydrocarbons, and trace
            metals sample recovery analytical matrix................   5-22

5-9       Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons sample recovery
            analytical matrix	   5-23

5-10      Scrubber water samples analytical matrix	   5-24

5-11      Gas flow rate at stack conditions and stack
            temperature.		   5-35

                                    xii

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                                 SECTION  1
                             1.0   INTRODUCTION

     Section 111 of the Clean Air Act of  1970 charges the Administrator of
the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the responsibility for
establishing Federal standards of performance for new stationary sources
which may significantly contribute to  air pollution.  When promulgated,
these new source performance standards (NSPS's)  are to reflect the degree of
emission limitation achievable through application  of the best demonstrated
emission control technology.  Emission data, obtained from selected indus-
trial sources, are used in  the development and/or review of NSPS regula-
tions.  Information is  presently  being collected and analyzed for the NSPS
review of the asphalt concrete industry.

1.1  BACKGROUND

     An NSPS for asphalt concrete plants  was promulgated March 8, 1974 and
established a particulate limit of 0.04 grains per dry standard cubic foot
and a visible emission limit of 20 percent opacity.  Following a review of
this NSPS in 1979,  no revisions to the  standard were proposed;  however, a
second review of the asphalt concrete NSPS was initiated in November of
1982. As part of this  review, particulate and opacity limits are being
evaluated for plants utilizing recycle asphalt  pavement (RAP).  The review
of the NSPS  was  requested by the National Asphalt Pavement Association
(NAPA).   The request was made  from the  concern that possible higher emis-
sions (particulate  and  visible) were being generated during asphalt concrete
production utilizing RAP.   Increased hydrocarbon emissions during RAP utili-
zation are considered to result in greater plume opacity due to the genera-
tion of a "blue haze" created by condensed hydrocarbons.
                                    1-1

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coofKMurrtOM

     EPA's  Office  of  Air  Quality Planning and  Standards  selected  the T. J.
Campbell Construction Co. asphalt concrete plant  in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,
as an emission test program site.   Selection was  based upon (1) utilization
of RAP, (2) prior  results obtained  during NSPS compliance testing, and  (3)
suitability for testing.

1.2  OBJECTIVES

     The purpose of the test program was  to  obtain and evaluate emission
data (particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and  visible emissions) from an
asphalt concrete plant processing RAP.  The  plant was tested during conven-
tional and recycle operations to provide  a basis  for comparison of the two
operational modes to the  promulgated NSPS.

1.3  BRIEF PROCESS DESCRIPTION

     Figure 1-1 presents  a schematic of the  asphalt  concrete  process.
Following  are descriptions of conventional and recycle  operations at the  T.
J. Campbell plant.

1.3.1  Conventional Operation

     Conventional operation is the term used to denote process operation
when feeding only virgin aggregate, i.e.,  unused  aggregate material, to the
drum mixer.  The virgin aggregate is  loaded  into  the natural gas-fired
rotary drum mixer  via a belt conveyor.  The  quantity and mix of virgin
aggregate is fed from four bins  and controlled by a computer  located in the
control room.  Liquid asphalt is injected  into the drum  about three-fourths
of the distance of the drum from the burner  end.  The asphalt concrete falls
from the  drum onto a  conveyor and is transported  to any  of three  storage
silos for truck load-out.

     Gaseous emissions from the  drum enter a knockout box which reduces the
gas velocity to allow further reduction of particulate matter by  settling.
                                   1-2

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U)
AGGREGATE
 FEED BINS
                                    BURNER
                                                             RAP
                                                           FEED PORT"
                                                                                               VENTURI
                                                                                             PRESPRAYS
                                                                                                   STACK
       Figure 1-1.   Schematic of  asphalt concrete  plant process and  emission control  equipment.

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RAOSAH

From the knockout box,  the emissions are  ducted  to a wet venturi scrubber.
In the duct work  between  the knockout box and venturi are water sprays to
cool the emission gases.   Water is  also  injected  at the venturi throat.
Additional water is flushed through a collection  box below the venturi.
Scrubber water is contained in  two  earthen ponds  totaling about 120 feet by
24 feet with an effective depth of  3 to 6 feet.   Scrubber  effluent  flows
into the end of  one pond  while  scrubber supply water  is pumped from the end
of the other pond.   The ponds are divided by a dike which serves as a weir
to reduce the suspended particulate matter in the scrubber water supply
pond.

1.3.2  Recycle Operation

     Recycle oepration differs  from conventional  operation in that RAP
replaces a portion of the virgin aggregate  in the rotary drum mixture.  The
remainder of the RAP or  recycle process  is as described in Section 13.1.
The advantages of recycle operation include use of less virgin aggregate,
usually  in areas with a  limited supply of virgin aggregate, and the use of
less asphalt cement due to the  inclusion  of asphalt material in the RAP.

1.4  EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

     The measurement program was conducted at the T.  J.  Campbell Construc-
tion Co.  asphalt  concrete plant in  Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, November  7-15,
1983.   The emission tests were  designed to characterize and quantify uncon-
trolled (venturi scrubber inlet) and controlled  (venturi scrubber outlet)
emissions from the conventional and recycle asphalt operations.

     Radian personnel were responsible for sampling and analyzing process
emissions.   Midwest Research Institute (MRI) was responsible for coordina-
ting the test program with plant officials and for assuring that operating
conditions for process and control  equipment were suitable for the test
program.  MRI was also responsible  for monitoring and  recording all neces-
sary process and control  equipment  operating parameters.
                                   1-4

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CORPORATION
1.4.1  Test Parameters of Interest

1.4.1.1  Particulate Mass Loading—
     Total particulate loading measurements were performed simultaneously at
the scrubber inlet (uncontrolled) and outlet  (controlled) using a modified
version of EPA Method 5E.  Three particulate mass  test runs were conducted
during conventional operation and three were  conducted during recycle
operation.

1.4.1.2  Total Organic Carbon and Extractable Organics—
     Total organic carbon (TOC) and  extractable organics  samples were col-
lected at the scrubber inlet and outlet simultaneously during the EPA Method
5E determinations described in Section 1.4.1.1.  Each  sample consisted of
organics that condensed on the glassware  downstream of the filter holder and
in the first two impingers containing  0.1N  NaOH.   TOC impinger  samples  (0.1N
NaOH impinger solutions) were analyzed to determine the total organic carbon
and the extractable organics content.  Three  test  runs were conducted during
both conventional and recycle operation.

1.4.1.3  Trace Metals—
     During one recycle and one conventional  particulate and TOC/extractable
organics test run, a pair of nitric acid  (HNOo) impingers were  incorporated
in the sampling train to  collect volatile trace metals samples.  Particulate
matter collected during the respective runs was also analyzed for trace
metals.  Both uncontrolled and controlled emissions were characterized for
trace metals.

1.4.1.4  Gas Stream Analysis—
     The COo and Oo  concentrations  of  the inlet and outlet flue gases were
determined during recycle and  conventional  operations using an Orsat 02/C02
apparatus as specified in EPA Method 3.
                                    1-5

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1.4.1.5  Particle Size Distribution—
     Three particle size distribution (PSD) test runs were performed for uncon-
trolled emissions during conventional operation, and one inlet PSD run was
performed during recycle operation.  The presence of a water mist in the
scrubber outlet gas stream prevented the collection of acceptable PSD data
for controlled  emissions.

1.4.1.6  Polynuclear Aromatic  Hydrocarbons—
     One inlet sample and one  outlet sample were collected during conven-
tional and recycle operations  for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

1.4.1.7  Scrubber Water Samples  and Operations Monitoring—
     The two process  waters sampled were scrubber water to the venturi and
scrubber water from the venturi.   Grab samples of process waters were col-
lected during each recycle  and conventional particulate/TOC and PAH run.
All  samples  were composited and analyzed for total  dissolved solids, total
suspended solids, and total  organic carbon.  Selected samples  were analyzed
for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and  trace metals.

     The temperature and pH  of water entering and exiting the scrubber were
measured at the respective  sampling  locations coincident with the conven-
tional and recycle process  sampling.

     Scrubber water flow rates to the  venturi were monitored at two loca-
tions:  total flow to the venturi and flow to the venturi throat.  Flow rate
data were recorded during each emission  test  run.

1.4.1.8  Process Samples and Production Monitoring—
     Grab samples of the three process solids streams virgin  aggregate, RAP,
and asphalt cement were obtained  during  the test program.  Virgin aggregate
and RAP were analyzed for moisture content.  No analyses were performed on
the asphalt cement samples.
                                   1-6

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  MRI monitored and recorded the  process  operations data presented in
this report.

1.5  DESCRIPTION OF REPORT SECTIONS

     The remaining sections of this report present the Summary and Discus-
sion of Results (Section 2), Process Description  and  Operation  (Section 3),
Location of Sampling Points (Section 4), Sampling  and  Analytical Methodology
(Section 5),  and Quality Assurance  Procedures  (Section 6).   Detailed des-
criptions of methods and procedures, field and laboratory data,  and calcula-
tions are presented in  the  various  appendices, as indicated in the Table of
Contents.
                                    1-7

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coRooajmow
                                  SECTION 2
                   2.0  SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

     This section includes a presentation and discussion of the results of
emission and process characterization tests  conducted at the T. J. Campbell
asphalt concrete plant in Oklahoma City,  Oklahoma.  Uncontrolled  and con-
trolled emission streams were tested.  Process  characterization included
testing of scrubber waters and feed materials.   Testing was conducted during
both conventional and recycle operation.

     Particulate mass, total organic carbon, and extractable organics test
results are presented  in  Sections  2.1, 2.2,  and 2.3, respectively.  A com-
parison of total organic carbon emissions and extractable organics emissions
during conventional and recycle operation is presented in Section 2.4.
Sections 2.5 and 2.6 present trace metal and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bon results, respectively.  Particle size  distribution data and visible
emission results are presented  in  Sections  2.7 and 2.8.  Scrubber character-
ization results and process sampling results are presented  in  Sections  2.9
through 2.11.

     Difficulties encountered in either sample  collection or process con-
trol during testing are discussed  as applicable to data interpretation.
The test results are also discussed and comparisons made, when applicable,
to help explain variabilities or discrepancies within  the test  results.

     Additional field data may be found in Appendices  A and C.  Additional
analytical data may be found in Appendix E.
                                    2-1

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2.1  PARTICULATE EMISSION RESULTS

     A modified version of EPA Method  5E was used to collect particulate
mass samples during conventional and recycle operation.  Particulate emis-
sion results, identified in the data tables as the "front-half  catch," are
presented and discussed in this section.

2.1.1  Conventional Operation Particulate  Emission Results

     Table 2-1 (English units) and  Table  2-2 (metric units) present results
of the uncontrolled and controlled particulate emission tests performed
during conventional operation.  Three uncontrolled and controlled particu-
late emission sampling runs were conducted simultaneously during conven-
tional operation.  The  three conventional  operation runs are designated as
C-l, C-2, and C-3.

     Uncontrolled particulate  loadings were 7.60, 8.49,  and  5.58 grains per
dry standard cubic feet (gr/DSCF) for Runs C-l, C-2,  and C-3, respectively.
The corresponding controlled particulate emiss-ions were 0.0550, 0.0814, and
0.0332  gr/DSCF  for Runs C-l, C-2, and C-3, respectively.  The average con-
trolled particulate mass  loading was 0.0565  gr/DSCF, which is above the
present NSPS standard  of  0.04 gr/DSCF.  The particulate  (front-half catch)
collection  efficiency  of  the  wet venturi  scrubber was 993,  99.1,  and  99.4
percent for Runs C-l,  C-2,  and C-3,  respectively.

2.1.2  Recycle Operation  Particulate Emission  Results

     Table 2-3 (English units) and  Table  2-4 (metric units) present results
of the  uncontrolled and controlled particulate emission tests performed
during  recycle oepration.  Three uncontrolled and controlled particulate
emission sampling runs  were conducted simultaneously during recycle opera-
tion.   The three recycle  operation  runs are  designated  as R-l,  R-2, and  R-3,
                                    2-2

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                      TABLE 2-1.   SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE AND TOTAL  ORGANIC CARBON  EMISSIONS
                                     DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION (ENGLISH UNITS)
NJ
I
Date 11/12 11/13
Run Number C_l C-2
Type Emissions Uncontrolled Controlled Uncontrolled Controlled
Scrubber Pressure Drop (in. H,0) 13.5 13.4
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (GPM) 219 219
Production Rate (ton/hr) 244 235
Process Mix Type B-Mix B/C Mix
Average Opacity (Percent) Mean ,
Range 0 (0-1.5) 0 (-0-)
Particulate and Total Organic Carbon (TOO Results
Front Half Catch - Particulate
(probe, cyclone, and filter)
mg-mass 9360 172 10,800 244
gr/DSCF 7.60 0.0550 8.49 0.0814
Ibs/hr* 762 5.53 9101 8.29
Ibs/ton production 3.12 0.0226 3.87 0.0353
Collection Efficiency Percent** 99.3 99.1
Back Half Catch - TOC
(impinger solutions and rinses)
mg-mass 253 166 553 417
gr/DSCF 0.205 0.0532 0.434 0.139
Ibs/hr* 20.5 5.34 43.6 14.2
Ibs/ton production 0.0840 0.0219 0.186 0.0604
Collection Efficiency Percent** 73.9 67.5
Total Catch
mg-mass 9610 338 11,400 661
gr/DSCF 7.80 0.108 8.92 0.220
Ibs/hr* 782 10.9 954 22.5
Ibs/ton production 3.20 0.0445 4.06 0.0957
Collection Efficiency Percent** 98.6 97.6

11/14
r-1 Averaee
Uncontrolled Controlled Uncontrolled Controlled
13.5 13.5
215 218
213 231
M-Hix 	

N/A 0



6950 104 9040 173
5.58 0.0332 7.22 0.0565
599 3.45 757 5.76
2.81 0.0162 3.27 0.0247
99.4 99.2


370 405 392 329
0.297 0.129 0.312 0.107
31.8 13.4 32.0 11.0
0.149 0.0629 0.139 0.0476
57.8 65.7

7320 509 9430 502
5.88 0.162 7.53 0.164
631 16.8 789 16.7
2.96 0.0791 3.41 0.0731
97.3 97.9

           N/A - not available
           *lbs/hr controlled emission rate based on gas flow rate using saturation volume for the moisture content of  the gas
           **Collection efficiency percent determined using Ibs/hr values

-------
ho
-P-
                        TABLE  2-2.   SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE AND TOTAL  ORGANIC  CARBON EMISSIONS
                                       DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION   (METRIC  UNITS)
Date 11/12
Run Number C-l
Type Em i an ion e Uncontrolled Controlled
Scrubber Pressure Drop (in. H,0) 34.3
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (GPH) (3.8
Production Rate (ton/hr) 61.5
Process Mix Type B-Mix
Average Opacity (Percent) Mean,
Range 0 (0-1.5)
Particulate and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Results
Front Half Catch - Particulate
(probe, cyclone, and filter)
mg-masa 9360 172
mg/DSCH 17, AGO 126
g/8* 96.1 0.697
g/kg production 1.56 0.0)13
Collection Efficiency Percent** 99.3
Back Half Catch - TOC
(impinger solutions and rinses)
mg-mass 253 166
mg/DSCH 470 122
g/s* 2.59 0.673
g/kg production 0.0420 0.0109
Collection Efficiency Percent** 73.9
Total Catch
ing-mass 9610 338
mg/DSCH 17,900 248
g/s* 98.7 1.37
g/kg production 1.60 0.0222
Collection Efficiency Percent** 98.6
11/13 H/14
C-2 C-3 AveraRe
Uncontrolled Controlled Uncontrolled Controlled Uncontrolled Controlled
34.0 34.3 J4.3
13.8 13.6 13.7
59.2 53.7 58.1
B/C Mix M-Mix 	

0 (-0-) N/A 0



10,800 244 6950 104 9040 173
19,400 186 12,800 76.0 16,500 179
1151 1.05 75.5 0.435 95.5 0.726
1.94 0.0177 1.41 0.00810 1.64 0.0125
99.1 99.4 99.2


553 417 370. 405 392 329
995 319 681 296 715 245
5.50 1.79 4.01 1-69 4.03 1.39
0.0931 0.0302 0.0746 0.0315 0.0694 0.0239
67.5 57.8 65.6

11,400 661 7320 509 9430 502
20.400 505 13,500 372 17,200 374
120 2.84 79.5 2.12 99.5 2.12
2.03 0.0479 1.48 0.0396 1.7! 0.0364
97.6 97.3 97.9
            fAverage emi.flei.on rate of concentration and  area-ratio methods (Table 2-10)
            N/A = not available
            *gS controlled emIBS ion rate based on gas flow rate using saturation volume for the moisture content of the gas
            **Collection efficiency percent determined using  g/s values

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                      TABLE 2-3.   SUMMARY  OF  PARTICULATE  AND TOTAL  ORGANIC  CARBON  EMISSIONS
                                      DURING RECYCLE  OPERATION  (ENGLISH UNITS)
N>
 I
Date H/ll
Run Number R-l
Type Emissions Uncontrolled Controlled
Scrubber Pressure Drop (in. H-0) 13.8
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (GPM7 223
Production Rate (ton/hr) 229
Process Mix Type Recycle-A
Average Opacity (Percent) Mean,
Range 1.4 (0-5.8)
Particulate and Total Oreanic Carbon (TOC) Results
Front Half Catch - Particulate
(probe, cyclone, and filter)
rag-mass • 4380 84.0
gr/DSCF 3.24 0.0227
Ibs/hr 411 2.72
Ibs/ton production 1.79 0.0119
Back Half Catch - TOC
(impinger solutions and rinses)
rag-mass 605 219
gr/DSCF 0.448 0.0592
Ibs/hr 56.8 7.09
Ibs/ton production 0.248 0.0310
Collection Efficiency Percent** 87.5
Total Catch
ing-mass 4980 303
gr/DSCF 3.69 0.0819
Ibs/hr 468 9.81
Ibs/ton production 2.04 0.0430
Collection Efficiency Percent** 97.9
11/11 11/12
R-2 R-3 Averaee
Uncontrolled Controlled* Uncontrolled Controlled Uncontrolled Controlled
13.8 13.9 13.8
220 219 221
250 236 238
Recycle-A Recycle-A —

0.3 (0-1.7) N/A 0.85



5,260 88.2 5570 111 5070 94.5
4.37 0.0229 3.75 0.0286 3.79 0.0247
499t 2.761 474t 3.42 461 2.97
2.00 0.0110 2.01 0.0145 1.94 0.0125
99.4 99.3 99.4

788 375 748 618 714 404
0.655 0.0975 0.504 0.159 0.536 0.105
69.1 11.1 60.5 19.0 62.1 12.4
0.276 0.0445 0.256 0.0805 0.261 0.0520
83.9 68.6 80.4

6050 463 6320 729 5780 498
5.02 0.120 4.25 0.188 4.33 0.130
568 13.8 534 22.4 523 15.3
2.28 0.0555 2.27 0.095 2.20 0.0645
97.6 95.8 97.1
           (•Average emission rate of concentration and area-ratio methods  (Table 2-10)
           N/A - not available
           *lbs/hr controlled emission  rate based on gas flow rate using saturation volume  for the moisture content of  the gas
           **Collect ion efficiency percent determined us ing Ibs/hr values

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                        TABLE 2-4.   SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE  AND TOTAL  ORGANIC CARBON
                                       EMISSION  DURING RECYCLE OPERATION (METRIC  UNITS)
K)
 I
Date 11/11
Run Number R-l
Type Emissions Uncontrolled Controlled
Scrubber Pressure Drop (in. H,0) 5.43
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (CPH) 14.1
Production Rate (ton/hr) 57.8
Process Mix Type Recycle-A
Average Opacity (Percent) Mean,
Range 1 .4 (0-5. B)
Particulate and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Results
front Half Catch - Particulate
(probe, cyclone, and filter)
mg-mase 4380 84.0
mg/DSCM 7420 51.9
g/» 51.8 0.343
g/kg production 0.896 0.00593
Collection Efficiency Percent** 99.3
Back Half Catch - TOC
(impinger solutions and rinses)
mg-mass 605 219
mg/DSCM 1030 136
g/s . 7.16 0.894
g/kg production 0.124 0.0155
Collection Efficiency Percent** 87.5
Total Catch
mg-mass 4980 303
mg/DSCM 8450 188
g/s 59.0 1.24
g/kg production 1.02 0.0215
Collection Efficiency Percent** 97.9

11/11 11/12
R-2 K-3
Uncontrolled Controlled* Uncontrolled Controlled
5.43 5.47
13.9 13.8
63.1 59.6
Recycle-A Recycle-A

0.3 (0-1.7) N/A



5260 88.2 5570 111
10,000 52.5 8590 65.4
62. 9t 0.348t 59.81 0.431
0.919 0.00550 1.01 0.00726
99.4 99.3


788 375 748 618
1500 224 1160 365
8.71 1.40 7.63 2.40
0.138 0.0222 0.128 0.0402
83.9 68.6

6050 463 6320 729
11,500 276 9750 430
71.6 1.74 67.4 2.83
1.06 0.0276 1.14 0.0475
97.6 95.8
(Table 2-10)
Averaee
Uncontrolled Controlled
5.44
13.9
60.2
	

0.85



5070 94.5
8670 56.6
58.2 0.374
0.942 0.00622
99.4


714 401
1230 242
7.83 1.54
0.130 0.0254
80.4

5780 498
9900 299
66.0 1.93
1.07 0.0320
97.1

           N/A • not available
           *gS controlled emission rate baaed on gas flow rate using saturation volume for the moisture content of the gas
           **Collection efficiency percent determined using g/s values

-------
RADIAN
CORPORWrtOM
     Uncontrolled particulate  loadings were 3.24, 4.37,  and 3.75 gr/DSCF for
Runs R-l, R-2,  and R-3,  respectively.   The corresponding controlled particu-
late  emissions were  0.0227, 0.0229,  and 0.0286 gr/DSCF for  Runs R-l, R-2,
and R-3, respectively.   The average controlled particulate mass loading was
0.0247 gr/DSCF  which is below the present NSPS standard of 0.04 gr/DSCF.
The particulate (front-half catch) collection efficiency of the wet venturi
scrubber was 99.3,  99.4,  and  993, for  Tests  R-l, R-2, and R-3, respectively.

2.1.3  Discussion of Particulate Emission Test Results

     Three topics are discussed in this section.  They include:

     o    difficulties encountered in collecting  particulate mass
          samples,

     o    anisokinetic effect on particulate mass emission  calcu-
          lations, and

     o    conventional versus recycle particulate mass emissions.

2.1.3.1  Particulate Mass Sampling Difficulties—
     Problems encountered during particulate mass sampling  included:

     o    source sampling equipment  malfunctions, and

     o    fluctuations in the moisture content of the process
          gas streams.

     Glassware broke twice during controlled emission sampling Run C-l.
When this occurred,  sampling was stopped, the broken glassware was  replaced,
a new leak check was performed, and  sampling was  resumed.  The probe liner
heater also shorted out during the same run (C-l).  After the liner heater
shorted out,  the  probe  was  disconnected from the  sampling train, the liner
end and the nozzle were capped,  and the probe was taken to the mobile  lab
                                    2-7

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RADIAN
COBOCMUmOM

for cleanup using the procedures outlined in Section 5.  The shorted-out liner
was then removed and a clean glass  liner inserted in the probe.  The samp-
ling  train was reassembled and after a leak check, sampling was  resumed.  It
is felt that the equipment malfunctions  encountered  during  Run C-l did not
adversely affect or bias the data obtained during the sampling run.

      It is believed that fluctuations in the moisture content of the virgin
aggregate and recycle asphalt pavement feed caused the moisture  content of
the uncontrolled emissions gas stream to  fluctuate.  Two uncontrolled sam-
pling runs conducted on November 11, 1983 using the same mix (Recycle A),
had flue gas moisture  values  that varied  by over 7%.  To help alleviate this
problem,  a wet bulb/dry bulb reading was taken prior to and during uncon-
trolled  sampling runs conducted in  the latter  stages of the testing  effort.
This  procedure provided more accurate data, but the uncontrolled gas mois-
ture  content was still observed -to  fluctuate.   In  the case  of Run C-2, the
measured moisture content was 8% higher than the wet bulb/dry bulb value
measured  immediately prior to the run.

      During four of the six  controlled particulate emission runs, the mois-
ture  values determined from the impinger  weight gains exceeded the tempera-
ture  dependent saturation volume as determined by a psychrometric  chart.
Sampling runs with  impinger moisture values exceeding the saturation volume
indicate the presence of water mist.  The saturation volume for  those four
runs was used as the moisture value for all further  calculations.

2.1.3.2  Discussion of Anisokinetic  Test  Results—
     Fluctuations in the moisture content of the uncontrolled emissions gas
stream and the presence of water mist  in  the controlled emissions gas stream
resulted in anisokinetic sampling rates  during four particulate  mass runs.
These included:

     o    Controlled Particulate Emissions Run R-2.

     o    Uncontrolled  Particulate Emissions Run C-2.
                                   2-8

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RADIAN
COBPCMUmOM
     o    Uncontrolled Particulate Emissions Run R-2.

     o    Uncontrolled Particulate Emissions Run R-3.

     In order to allow a review of possible effects  introduced by anisokine-
tic sampling into the normal mass emission rate calculations, two methods
were used to calculate mass emission rates for the particulate mass emission
runs.  The method normally used to calculate particulate mass emission rates
is the concentration method.  This method involves multiplying the particu-
late  loading (sample mass divided by gas sample volume) by the volumetric
gas flow rate.   The second  particulate mass emission rate  calculation method
is the area-ratio method.  Based on the  area-ratio method, the sample mass
is divided by the sampling time and then multiplied  by the ratio of the
stack area to nozzle area to obtain the particulate mass  flow rate.

     The difference between the emission rates calculated by these two
methods is an estimate of the maximum bias in  the measured emission rate due
to anisokinetic sampling.  Table 2-5 includes particulate emission rates
calculated  using  the concentration method and the area-ratio  method.  The
average particulate emission rate listed in Table 2-5 was used as the true
value for the particulate  emission runs that  were outside of the isokinetic
sampling limit of 100 +10 percent

2.1.3.3  Discussion of Particulate Emissions During  Conventional and
         Recycle Operation—
     A major objective of this program  is to evaluate how the particulate
emissions change during conventional asphalt concrete production and produc-
tion using recycle asphalt pavement.   Based on the particulate emissions
data presented  in Tables 2-1  through 2-4, four general observations were
made.  These include:

   •  o    The NSPS particulate  emission standard (0.04 grains/DSCF)
          was met during all particulate emission runs except for Runs-
          C-l and C-2.
                                    2-9

-------
                  TABLE  2-5.  COMPARISON OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS CALCULATED  BY THE CONCENTRATION
                              METHOD VS. AREA-RAT10 METHOD
N>
Emission Rate Ibs/hr
Date
Time
Sample Description
Percent
Isokinetic
Concentration
Method
Area-Ratio
Method
Average
Uncontrolled Emissions
11/12
11/13
11/14

11/12
11/13
11/14
1151-1243
0956-1050
0827-0936

1129-1319
0853-1112
0813-1003
Run
Run
Run
Controlled
Run
Run
Run
C-l
C-2
C-3
Emissions
C-l
C-2
C-3
110
113
104

102
96
99
762
853
599

5.53
8.29
3.45
837
967
622

5.65
8.01
3.43
800
910
610

5.59
8.15
3.44
Uncontrolled Emissions
11/11
11/11
11/12

11/11
11/11
11/12
0843-0937
1645-1730
0748-0846

0839-1433
1515-1704
0713-0900
Run
Run
Run
Controlled
Run
Run
Run
R-l
R-2
R-3
Emissions
R-l
R-2
R-3
95
117
111

104
111
107
411
460
451

2.72
2.61
3.42
391
538
498

2.85
2.90
3.66
415
499
474

2.78
2.76
3.54
Uncontrolled Emissions3
11/11
11/12
11/14
11/15
1253-1330
1418-1520
1014-1143
1225-1440
PSD
PSD
PSD
PSD
R-l
C-l
C-2
C-3
108
103
103
112
486
1080
685
1040
528
1117
710
1170
507
1098
698
1105
         Calculated particlate size distribution sampling mass emission rate results may not  be  representa-
          tive  of  actual stack mass emission rate.

-------
RADIAN
connogjrrtOM
     o    The particulate collection efficiency of the venturi scrubber
          varied from only 99.1 to 99.4 percent.

     o    The data indicate that the type of mix material  fed to the
          drum dur.ing each run  has  a direct effect on the uncontrolled and
          control led particulate mass rates, and

     o    Over the range tested, the production rate of  either
          conventional mix or recycle mix does not appear  to
          significantly affect  the uncontrolled or controlled
          particulate mass loading.

     The controlled particulate mass  loadings  rates were 0.0550 and
0.0814 gr/DSCF for Runs C-l and C-2, respectively, which is above the pre-
sent NSPS standard.  Achievement of the NSPS  limit during  Runs C-3, R-l, R-
2, and R-3 was not due to improved performance  of  the venturi scrubber, but
instead due to a decrease in  the  level of uncontrolled  emissions.  A major
difference between Runs C-l and C-2 and the rest of the  runs is the type of
raw materials  feed to the drum during each run.

     Table 2-6 includes a summary of the asphalt concrete mixes  typically
produced by the T. J,  Campbell  Construction Company.  During Run C-l, Type B
mix was being produced.   Type B mix was  also produced during most of Run
C-2, with some production of  Type C mix near the end of  Run C-2.  Type M mix
was produced during Run C-3 and Type A recycled asphalt  mix was produced
during Runs R-l, R-2, and R-3.

     Type B, C, and M mixes are top mixes that  contain about 20 to 24 per-
cent sand.  The Type M mix uses washed  sand while  Type B and C mixes use
unwashed sand.  The washed sand  is  believed to contain  less fines and ad-
hered dissolved salts.  Type  A  recycled asphalt mix is a base mix and con-
tains about 9.8 percent  sand.  Run results indicate that the type (washed/
                                   2-11

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RAOiAN
COOPOBjmOM
    TABLE 2-6.  AGGREGATE ADDITIONS FOR TYPICAL MIXES AT T.  J.  CAMPBELL

               CONSTRUCTION COMPANY,  OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
Type Asphalt
Mix Cement Added
(Percent)
Type B 4.9
(virgin)


Type C 5.0



Type M 5.0



Type A 3.9
(recycle) (4.6)a



Hot Sand 4.5
(recycle) (4.6)a



Bin No.
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
RAP
1
2
3
4
RAP
Percent
of Aggregate
45
22
8
25
43
24
33
0
53
20
0
27
18
9.8
0
47.2
25
15
60
—
—
25
Bin Contents
Screenings
Sand
3/4 in. rock
5/8 in. rock
Screenings
Sand
3/8 in. rock
—
Screenings
Sand (washed)
—
5/8 in. rock
Screenings
Sand
—
1.5 in. rock
RAP
Screenings
Sand
—
__
RAP
Moisture
Content
Estimated
By Plant
Personnel
(Percent)
2.5
12.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
12.0
1.5
— —
2.0
11.0
	
2.0
2.5
12.0
— _
2.0
2.0
2.0
11.0


2.0
aAsphalt cement in the RAP.
                                   2-12

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RADIAN
CORPORATION
unwashed) and quantity (9.8%/20-24%) of sand  in the mix  feed materials
affect the concentration of particulate matter entrained in the emission
gases .

2.2  TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON RESULTS

     Controlled  and uncontrolled total organic carbon (TOC) mass
samples were collected simultaneously with particulate mass samples
using the modified EPA Method 5E sampling  train.  The TOC content of  the
0.1 N NaOH impinger and rinse  solutions were  analyzed directly using  an
instrumental  technique.  TOC results, identified in the  data
tables as  the "back-half catch," are presented and discussed  in this
section.

2.2.1  Conventional Operation TOC Emission Results

     Uncontrolled and controlled TOC results for conventional operation  are
presented  in  Table 2-1 (English units) and Table  2-2 (metric units).  Uncon-
trolled  TOC  loadings  were  0.205, 0.434, and 0.297  gr/DSCF for  Runs C-l,  C-2,
and C-3,  respectively.  The controlled TOC loadings  were 0.0532, 0.139,  and
0.129 gr/DSCF for Runs C-l,  C-2, and C-3,  respectively.   The TOC (back-half
catch) collection efficiency  of the wet venturi  scrubber was  73.9, 67.5,  and
57.8 percent  for  Runs  C-l,  C-2,  and C-3,  respectively.

2.2.2  Recycle Operation TOC Emission Results

     Table 2-3 (English units) and Table 2-4 (metric  units) present results
of the uncontrolled and controlled  TOC measurements performed during  recycle
operation.  Uncontrolled TOC  loadings  were 0.448, 0.655, and  0.504 gr/DSCF
for Runs  R-l, R-2, and R-3,  respectively.   The controlled TOC  loadings were
0.0592, 0.0975, and 0.159 gr/DSCF for Runs  R-l, R-2,  and R-3,  respectively.
The TOC collection efficiency of the wet  venturi scrubber was 87.5,   83.9,
and 68.6  percent  for Runs R-l,  R-2,  and R-3,  respectively.
                                   2-13

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RADIAN
2.2.3  Discussion of TOC Test  Results

     The uncontrolled TOC loadings varied from 0.205 to 0.434 gr/DSCF during
conventional operation and from 0.448  to  0.655 gr/DSCF during recycle opera-
tion.  The controlled TOC loadings varied from 0.0532 to 0.139 gr/DSCF
during conventional operation and from 0.0592 to  0.159 gr/DSCF during re-
cycle operation.  Based  on the limited data available,  it is difficult to
develop  any correlations between process  operation and the degree of varia-
bility in the uncontrolled and controlled TOC emissions during conventional
and  recycle operation.

     The average uncontrolled TOC loading was approximately  72 percent
greater during recycle operation (0.0536 gr/DSCF)  as  compared to conven-
tional operation (0.0312  gr/DSCF).  But the average controlled TOC loading
during recycle operation (0.105 gr/DSCF) approximated the average controlled
TOC  loading during  conventional  operation (0.107  gr/DSCF).  These data
indicate that although the average uncontrolled TOC  emissions increased
during recycle operation, they did not result in  an  increase in controlled
TOC  emissions when compared to conventional TOC data.  The average removal
efficiency of the venturi scrubber increased from 65.7 percent during con-
ventional operation to 80.4  percent  during  recycle operation.

2.3  EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS EMISSION RESULTS

     Extractable organics analysis  was performed  on  the same 0.1  N NaOH
impinger solutions and rinses  that  TOC analysis was  performed on (modified
EPA Method 5E samples) with the addition of the inclusion of results of a
trichloroethane rinse. An aliquot of  the 0.1N NaOH  samples were  extracted
with chloroform and diethyl ether.  After evaporation at room temperature,
the mass  of  extractable organics  was determined gravimetrical ly.  The tri-
chloroethane rinses were also  evaporated  at  room  temperature to determine
the mass  of  extractable  organics  gravimetrical ly. Tables 2-7  and 2-8 con-
tain a summary of uncontrolled and controlled extractable organics and
particulate emission results.  Extractable organics  are identified as the
                                  2-14

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                      TABLE 2-7.   SUMMARY  OF  UNCONTROLLED PARTICULATE AND EXTRACTABLE  ORGANICS EMISSIONS
NJ
 I
DATE
RUN NO.
11/12
C-l
PROCESS OPERATION CONVENTIONAL
VOLUME GAS SAMPLED (DSCF)
STACK GAS FLOW RATE (DSCFM)
STACK TEMPERATURE (°F)
PERCENT MOISTURE BY VOLUME
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PRODUCTION RATE (tons/hr)
PARTICULATE - EXTRACTABLE
ORGANICS RESULTS
19.0
11,700
298
38.0
110
244

11/11
R-l
RECYCLE
20.8
14,800
296
24.4
95
229

11/13
C-2
CONVENTIONAL
19.6
11,700
289
39.6
113
235

11/11
R-2
RECYCLE
18.6
12,300
314
31.5
117
250

11/14
C-3
CONVENTIONAL
19.2
12,500
304
36.7
104
213

11/12
R-3
RECYCLE
22.9
14,000
317
27.7
111
236


CONVENTIONAL
19.3
12,000
297
38.1
109
231


RECYCLE
20.8
13,700
309
27.9
108
238

FRONT HALF CATCH - PARTICULATE
(probe, cyclone, and filter)
mg-mass
gr/DSCF
Ibs/hr
Ibs/ton production
BACK HALF CATCH - EXTRACT-
ABLE ORGANICS
(implnger solutions & rinses]
mg-mass
gr/DSCF
Ibs/hr
Ibs/ton production
PERCENT EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS*

9360
7.60
762
3.12

217
0.176
17.6
0.0721
2.26

4380
3.24
411
1.79

208
0.154
19.5
0.0852
4.54

10,800
8.49
910t
3.87

72.3
0.0568
5.70
0.0243
0.62

5260
4.37
499f
2.00

169
0.140
14.7
0.0588
2.86

6950
5.58
599
2.81

163
0.131
14.0
0.0657
2.28

5570
3.75
474f
2.01

113
0.076
9.12
0.0386
1.88

9040
7.22
757
3.28

151
0.121
12.4
0.0537
1.61

5070
3.79
461
1.94

163
0.123
14.4
0.0605
3.02
              t,
              Average emission rate of concentration and area-ratio methods (Table 2-10).

              Percent Extractable Organics determined using Ibs/hr values and le the percentage of extractable organics of the total catch.
                                                                                                                                                    0
                                                                                                                                                    5

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                       TABLE  2-8.    SUMMARY OF CONTROLLED PARTICULATE  AND EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS EMISSIONS
 I
M
CT>
DATE
RUN NO.
11/12
C-l
PROCESS OPERATION CONVENTIONAL
VOLUME GAS SAMPLED (DSCF)
STACK GAS FLOW RATE (DSCFM)

STACK TEMPERATURE (°F)
PERCENT MOISTURE BY VOLUME

PERCENT ISOKINETIC

PRODUCTION RATE (tons/hr)
PARTICULATE - EXTRACTABLE
ORGANICS RESULTS
18.2
11,700*
(11.400)
159
32.0
(32.3)
102
(105)
244


11/11
R-l
RECYCLE
57.1
14,000

147
21.3

104

229


11/13
02
CONVENTIONAL
46.2
11.900
(11,400)
155
29.0
(32.3)
96
(100)
235


11/11
R-2
RECYCLE
,59.3
13,300
(12,700)
152
26.6
(30.6)
111
(116)
250


11/14
C-3
CONVENTIONAL
48.5
12,100
(11,800)
153
27.5
(29.7)
99
(102)
213


11/12
R-3
RECYCLE
60.1
14,000

143
20.7

107

236



CONVENTIONAL
47.6
11,900
(11.500)
156
29.5
(32.1)
99
(102)
231



RECYCLE
58.8
13.800
(13,600)
147
22.9
(24.2)
107
(109)
238


FRONT HALF CATCH - PARTICULATE
(probet, cycloneB and filter)
tug-mass
gr/DSCF
Ibs/hr

Ibs/ton production

BACK HALF CATCH - EXTRACT-
ABLE ORGANICS

172
0.0550
5.53
(5.36)
0.0227
(0.0220)



84.0
0.0227
2.72

0.0119




244
0.0814
8.29
(7.95)
0.0353
(0.0338)



88.2
0.0229
2.76f
(2.49)
0.0110
(0.0100)



104
0.0332
3.45
(3.36)
0.0162
(0.0158)



111
0.0286
3.42

0.0145




173
0.0565
5.76
(5.56)
0.0247
(0.0239)



94.5
0.0247
2.97
(2.88)
0.0125
(0.0123)


(Implnger solutions & rinses)
tug-mass
gr/DSCF
Ibs/hr

Ibs/ton production

PERCENT EXTRACTABLE ORCANICSt

245
0.0786
7.88
(7.65)
0.0323
(0.0314)
58.8
(58.8)
86.8
0.0235
2.81

0.0123

50.8

81.1
0.0271
2.71
(2.65)
0.0115
(0.0113)
24.6
(25.0)
229
0.0596
6.79
(6.46)
0.0272
(0.0258)
71.1
(72.2)
87.7
0.0279
2.89
(2.82)
0.0136
(0.0132)
45.6
(45.6)
130
0.0334
4.00

0.0169

53.9

138
0.0445
4.49
(4.37)
0.0191
(0.0186)
43.8
(44.0)
149
0.0388
4.53
(4.42)
0.0188
(0.0183)
60.4
(60.5)
             NOTE:  Top number based on saturation volume for moisture content of gas:   (bottom number)  Is moisture content calculated using Implnger

                   catch indicating the presence of water mist.

             Average emission rate of concentration and area-ratio methods (Table 2-10).

             ^Percent Extractable Organlca determined using Ibs/hr values and is the percentage of extractable organlcs of the total catch.
m
i&

-------
RADIAN
"back-half catch" in Tables 2-7 and 2-8.  The extractable organics results
are presented and discussed in this section.

2.3.1  Conventional Operation Extractable Organics  Emission Results

     Uncontrolled extractable  organics  loadings were 0.176,  0.0568, and
0.131 gr/DSCF for Runs C-l, C-2,  and C-3, respectively.  The controlled
extractable  organics  loadings  were 0.0786, 0.0271,  and  0.0279 gr/DSCF for
Runs C-l, C-2, and C-3, respectively.

2.3.2  Recycle Operation Extractable Organics  Emission  Results

     Uncontrolled extractable  organics  loadings were 0.154,  0.140, and
0.076 gr/DSCF for Runs R-l, R-2,  and R-3, respectively.  Controlled
extractable  organics  loadings  were 0.0235, 0.0596,  and  0.0334 gr/DSCF for
Runs R-l, R-2, and R-3, respectively.

2.3.3  Discussion of Extractable Organics Emission  Test Results

     The uncontrolled  extractable  organics loadings varied from 0.0568 to
0.176 gr/DSCF during conventional  operation and from 0.076 to 0.154
gr/DSCF during recycle operation.  The controlled extractable organics
loadings varied  from  0.0271 to 0.0786 gr/DSCF during conventional
operation and from 0.0235 to 0.0596 gr/DSCF  during  recycle operation.
Based on the limited data available, it is difficult to develop  any
correlations between process operation  and the degree of variability in
the uncontrolled and controlled  extractable organics emissions during
conventional and recycle operation.

     The average uncontrolled extractable organics  loading during
conventional operation (0.121  gr/DSCF)  approximated  the  average
uncontrolled extractable  organics  loading during recycle operation (0.123
gr/DSCF).  The average controlled extractable  organics  loading was
approximately 15 percent greater during conventional operation  (0.0445
                                   2-17

-------
gr/DSCF) as compared to recycle operation (0.0388 gr/DSCF),   It is
believed that the variability between the controlled extractable organics
loadings is within the variability of the sampling and analytical techniques.

2.4  COMPARISON OF TOC AND  EXTRACTABLE ORGANICS EMISSION RESULTS

     Two analytical procedures were used during this program to quantify the
concentration of uncontrolled and controlled organic emissions generated
during conventional and recycle operation.  An instrumental technique was
used to determine the concentration of TOC present in the 0.1N NaOH impinger
and rinse solutions generated during  EPA  Method  5E testing.  The same
samples were also analyzed using a gravimetric technique to determine
the concentration of extractable organics.  The main objective of performing
both analyses on the same samples  was to  provide  data that could be used to
help assess the utility of  both procedures in characterizing organic
emissions from asphalt concrete plants.

2.4.1  Comparison of Uncontrolled TOC and Extractable Organic
        Emissions Results

     Table 2-9 presents a comparison of uncontrolled TOC and extractable
organics emissions during conventional and recycle operation.  The average
uncontrolled TOC loadings indicate that the uncontrolled organic emissions
were about 72 percent greater during  recycle operation  (0.536 gr/DSCF) as
compared to conventional operation (0.312 gr/DSCF).  On the other hand the
average uncontrolled extractable organics loadings indicate that the
uncontrolled organic emissions were essentially  the same during both recycle
(0.123 gr/DSCF) and conventional (0.121 gr/DSCF) operations.
                                  2-18

-------
         TABLE 2-9.   COMPARISON OF UNCONTROLLED TOC AND EXTRACTABLE  ORGANICS  EMISSIONS
RUN NUMBER
PROCESS OPERATION
DATE
VOLUME GAS SAMPLES (DSCF)
STACK CAS FLOW RATE
(DSCFM)
STACK TEMPERATURE (°F)
PERCENT MOISTURE BY VOLUME
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PRODUCTION RATE (TONS/HR)
BACK HALF CATCH -
ORGAN ICS RESULTS
(Impinger solutions & rinses)
mg-masfl
gr/DSCF
Ibs/hr
C-l
CONVENTIONAL
11/12
19.0
11,700
298
38.0
110
244
EXT**
TOC* ORG .
253 217
0.205 0.176
20.5 17.6
Ibs/ton production 0.0840 0.0721
C-2
CONVENTIONAL
11/13
19.6
11,700
289
39-6
113
235
EXT.
TOC ORC .
553 72.3
0.434 0.0568
41.6 5.70
0.186 0.0243
C-3
CONVENTIONAL
11/14
19.2
1 2 , 500
304
36.7
104
213
EXT.
TOC ORG.
370 163
0.297 0.131
31.8 14.0
0.149 0.0657
R-l
RECYCLE
11/11
20.8
14,800
296
24.4
95
229
EXT.
TOC ORC .
605 208
0.448 0.154
56.8 19.5
0.248 0.0852
R~2
RECYCLE
11/11
18.6
1 2 , 300
314
31.5
117
250
EXT.
TOC 	 ORG.
788 169
0.655 0.140
59.1 14.7
0.276 0.0588
R-3
RECYCLE
11/12
22.9
14,000
317
27.7
111
236
EXT.
TOC 	 ORG,
748 113
0.504 0.076
60.5 9.12
0.256 0.0386
AVERAGE
CONVENTIONAL

19.3
12,000
297
38.1
109
231
EXT.
TOC ORC.
392 151
0.312 0.121
32.0 12.4
0.139 0.0537
RECYCLE

20.8
13,700
309
27.9
108
238
EXT.
_TQG__ ORQ,.
714 163
0.536 0.12J
62.1 14.4
0.261 0.0605
1"
it>

12
 »
 *TOC - Total Organic Carbon



**EXT. ORG. - Extractable Organics

-------
&ADIAN
2.4.2   Comparison of Controlled  TOC  and  Extractable  Orsanics
       Emissions Results

    Table 2-10 presents a comparison of  controlled TOC  and extractable
organics emissions  during conventional and  recycle operation.  The average
controlled TOC  loadings  indicate that the controlled organic  emissions were
essentially  the same during conventional (0.107 gr/DSCF)  and  recycle (0.105
gr/DSCF) operations.  The average controlled extractable  organics loadings
indicated that the  controlled organic emissions were about 15 percent
greater during conventional  operation (0.0445  gr/DSCF)  as compared to
recycle operations  (0.0388 gr/DSCF).

2.4.3  Discussion of TOC and Extractable Organics  Emissions Results

     Because of the limited quantity-of  available  data, it is difficult to
develop  an accurate'comparison between the  TOC and extractable organics
analytical procedures.  In formulating an opinion  about the two  procedures,
it  is  important that several factors be kept in mind.   First, the TOC
analysis results are indicative of the mass of carbon present in all of the
organic species in a sample. The extractable organics analyis results are
indicative of the mass of organic compounds (not just carbon) having a
boiling point greater than 300°C. Also, the TOC analysis procedure  is a
direct instrumental technique requiring  a minimal  amount of sample
preparation (refer  to Section 5.2).  On  the other  hand,  the extractable
organics analysis procedure does require sample preparation (refer to
Section 5.2)  by  means of  extraction  with chloroform  and diethyl  ether.  The
remaining extract is  then evaporated to  dryness  at room temperature before
weighing.

     It is  believed that the TOC analysis procedure  is  more suitable than
the extractable organics  procedure  for characterizing organic emissions from
asphalt concrete plants.
                                   2-20

-------
                          TABLE  2-10.   COMPARISON  OF CONTROLLED  TOC  AND EXTRACTABLE  ORGANICS  EMISSIONS
NJ
I
r-o
RUN NUMBER
PROCESS OPERATION
DATE
VOLUME GAS SAMPLES (DSCF)
STACK GAS FLOW RATE
(DSCFM)
STACK TEMPERATURE '(°F)
PERCENT MOISTURE BY VOLUME
PERCENT 1 SDK I NET 1C
PRODUCTION RATE (TONS/IIR)
BACK HALF CATCH -
ORGANICS RESULTS
C-l
CONVENTIONAL
11/12
48.2
11,700*
(11,400)
159
32.0
(34.3)
102
(105)
244
C-2
CONVENTIONAL
11/13
46.2
11,900
(11,400)
155
29.0
(32.3)
96
(100)
235
EXT.*** EXT.
TOC** ORG. TOC ORG.
C-3
CONVENTIONAL
11/14
48.5
12,100
(11,800)
153
•27.5
(29.7)
99
(102)
213
EXT.
TOC ORG.
R-l
RECYCLE
11/11
57.1
14,000
147
21.3
104
229
EXT.
TOC ORG .
R-2
RECYCLE
11/11
59.3
13,300
(12,700)
152
26.6
(30.6)
111
(116)
250
EXT.
TOC ORG .
R-3
RECYCLE
11/12
60.1
14,000
143
20.7
107
236
EXT.
TOC ORG .
AVERAGE
CONVENTIONAL

47.6
11,900
(11,500)
156
29.5
(32.1)
99
(102)
231
EXT.
TOC ORG.
RECYCLE

58.8
1 3 , 800
(13,600)
147
22.9
(24.2)
107
(109)
238
EXT .
TOC ORG .
(jmpfnger solutions & rinses)
mg-mass
gr/DSCF
Ibs/lir
Ibs/ton production
166 245
0.0532 0.0786
5.34 7.88
0.0219 0.0323
417 81.1
0.139 0.0271
14.2 2.71
0.0604 O.OH5
405 87.7
0. 129 0.0279
13.4 2.89
0.0629 0.0136
219 86.8
0.0592 0.0235
7.09 2.81
0.0310 0.0123
375 229
0.0975 0.0596
tl.l 6.79
0.0445 0.0272
618 130
0,159 0.0334
19.0 4 . 00
0.0805 0.0169
329 138
0.107 0.0445
11.0 4.49
0.0476 0.0191
404 |/,9
0.105 0.0388
12.4 4.53
0.052 0.0188
              *NOTE:  Top number based on  saturat ion volume for moisture content of gas:  (bottom number) Is moisture content calculated using impinger

                    catch  results indicating the presence of water mist.


              ** TOC -  Total Organic  Carbon

              *** EXT.  ORG.  - Extractable Organics

-------
RADBAN
2.5  TRACE METAL EMISSION RESULTS

     During this program the concentration of uncontrolled and controlled
trace metals were derived from the analysis of "front-half" and "back-half"
catches of the trace metal sampling train described  in  Section 5.1.  The
front-half catch is the sum of the analytical results of the acetone and
trichloroethane probe and glassware washes,  the cyclone solids  (if
applicable), and the filter  solids.  The back-half catch is the sum of the
analytical  results of  the NaOH impingers and HNO.J impingers.  One set of
trace metal samples (uncontrolled/controlled) was collected during
conventional and recycle operation.

2.5.1  Conventional Operation  Trace  Metals  Emission Results

     Table 2-11  includes a summary of uncontrolled and controlled trace
metals emissions during conventional operation.  The collection efficiency
of the wet venturi scrubber  for each element during conventional operation,
is presented in Table 2-11.

2.5.2  Recycle Operation Trace Metals JSmission Results

     Table 2-12 includes a summary of uncontrolled and controlled trace
metals emissions during recycle operation.  The collection efficiency of the
wet venturi scrubber for each  elementduring recycle operation is also
presented in Table 2-12.

2,5.3  Discussion of Trace Metals  Emission  Results

     During both conventional  and  recycle operations, the uncontrolled and
controlled concentrations of calcium,  iron, magnesium and aluminum comprised
greater than 99 percent  of the trace metals analyzed in the samples.  Each
of these  elements are non-volatile,  according  to their elemental boiling
point,  and  are predominantly associated with the particulate ("Front-half
Catch").  The wet venturi scrubber removed  greater than 99 percent of the
                                  2-22

-------
TABLE 2-11.  SUMMARY OF TRACE METAL EMISSIONS DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION





to
1
to







Date
Sampled Emissions
Production Rate (Ton/llr)
Trace Metal Results
Element
Aluminum
Beryllium
Calcium
Cadmium
Chromium
Iron
Mercury
Magnesium
Manganese
Nickel
Lead
Vanadium
Zinc
H/12
Uncontrol led
Mass
Front Half
(HE)
29,500
2.33
2,654,000
14.7
138
57,700
<273
42,900
911
104
118
<540
194
Mass
Back Half
(HE)
66
0.90
1260
5.4
<1.47
53
<20
50
1.8
<4.4
<118
<88
13
Maes
Total
(HE)
29,600
3.23
2,660,000
20.1
138
57,800
<293
43,000
913
104
118
<628
207
Concentration
( ug/DSCM )
55,000
6.0
4,930,000
37
255
107,000
<544
79,600
1700
193
219
<1170
385
Mass
Front llalf
n>gi
453
0.187
41,000
28
7.2
650
<90
1234
42.7
16.4
4.7

-------
TABLE 2-12.  SUMMARY OF TRACE METAL EMISSIONS DURING RECYCLE OPERATION
Date
Sampled Emissions
Production Rate (Ton/Hr)
Mass
Trace Metal Results Front Half
(Me)
Element
Aluminum
Beryllium
Calcium
Cadmium
Chromium
NJ
1 Iron
ho
4^ Mercury
Magnesium
Manganese
Nickel
Lead
Vanadium
Zinc
13,300
0.91
1,154,000
13.7
111
24,600
22,600
362.3
63.6
89
<141
230
11/11
Uncont rol 1 ed
Mass Mass
Back Half Total
(PR) (Kg)
69
1.37
751
6.6
6.25
64
<40
121
3.2
2.8
<113
'82
14
13,300
2.28
1,150,000
20.3
117
24,600
<176
22,700
366
66
89
<223
244
Concentrat Ion
(ug/DSCM)
22,500
3.9
1,960,000
34
199
41,800
<298
38,500
620
112
150
<378
414
11/11
Control led
250
Masa Mass Mass
Front Half Bark Half Total
lV&) 
-------
RADIAN
calcium, iron, and aluminum during both conventional  and recycle operation.
Magnesium was removed at an efficiency  of  about 98.7.

     Several "more volatile" elements were also detected in the trace metal
samples.  These elements included beryllium,  cadmium, and zinc.  Because of
the greater volatility  of these elements,  a greater percentage of the
volatile elements  were  found in the "back-half" portion of  the trace  metal
sample than the above mentioned nonvolatile elements.

2.6  POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS  EMISSION TEST RESULTS

     Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were collected in the
uncontrolled and controlled air emissions, during this program, using an
adaption of EPA Method  5E.  The technique, described in Section 5,  includes
the use of Method  5E front-half (filter) and  back-half  (XAD-2 resin)  for
adsorption of organic compounds.   One set  of PAH samples
(uncontrolled/controlled) was collected during conventional and recycle
operation.   The PAH emission results  are presented and discussed in the
following section.

2.6.1  Conventional Operation PAH Emission Results

     A summary of  the uncontrolled and  controlled PAH emissions during
conventional operation are presented  in Table 2-13.  Included in Table  2-13
are the front-  and  back-half concentrations of both active  and nonactive
carcinogenic PAH species.   The  activity of the PAH species  was determined
using a reference book entitled "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in  Water
Systems."   The removal  efficiency of the wet venturi scrubber for each of
the PAH compounds  is  included in Table  2-13.  The  removal efficiency  of the
venturi scrubber ranged from 1  percent for benzo(b)f luoranthene to 100
percent for benzo(a)pyrene during  conventional operation.
                                   2-25

-------
TABLE 2-13.  SUMMARY OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS

             DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION
Sampled Emissions Uncontrolled '
Date 11/14
Volume Gas Sampled- USCF (DSCM) 12.3 (0.3472)
Stack Gas Flow Rate - DSCFM (M'/MIn) 10,200 (289)
Stack Temperature (°F) 313
Scrubber Pressure Drop ( in. H20) 13.4
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (GPM) 221)
Percent Moisture by Volume 42.2
Percent Isokinetic "I
Production Rate (tons/hr) '96
Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbon Results
Active Carcinogenic a
Species
Benz( a) anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b) f luoranthcne
Benzo(J)fluoranthene
Benzo(e)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene
lndeno(l,2,3-c,d)-
py rene
Nonactive Carcino-
genic Species
Pbenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(k) f luoranthene
Perylene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
ND = not detected.
'Futoma, David, et al.

Front Half
(ug/DSCHlfrng/hr)
I.I
6.2
0.58
ND
2.6
1.4
1.4


20
2.1,
5.4
16
0.58
0.29
ND

Pojjrc

19
110
10

45
24
24


350
45
94
280
10
5.0


Controlled
11/14
42.2 (1.1963)
11,700 ( )3I)
158
13.4
220
32.2
103
196
CONCENTRATIONS AND MASS EMISSION RATES
Back Half Total Kronl Half Back
(UB/DSCH) (mp,/hr) (
0.28 4.9
I.I 19
<0.10 <1.7
ND
0.86 15
ND
0.29 5.0


120 2100
17 290
7.4 1 30
20 350
ND
0.29 5.0
ND

ycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1
If PNA spe

'nK/DSCM
1 .4
7.3
0.58
Nl)
3.5
1 .4
1.7


140
20
13
16
0.58
0.58
111)
\ i '
24
130
10

61
24
29


2400
350
230
620
10
10

11 Water Systems.

1 (ug/nscM) i

-------
RADIAN
2.6.2  Recycle Operation PAH Emission  Test  Results

    Table 2-14 includes a summary of uncontrolled and controlled PAH
emissions during recycle operations.   The controlled concentrations of
benzo(b)f luoranthene,  indeno(l,2,3-c,d)-pyrene,  anthracene,  and
benzo(K)f luoranthene was greater than  the uncontrolled concentrations for
these compounds.   The removal efficiency of the wet venturi scrubber for the
remaining PAH compounds ranged from 31 percent  for pyrene to 73 percent for
benzo(e)pyrene and 41 percent for benzo(a)pyrene.

2.6.3  Discussion of PAH Emission Test Results

     Based on the limited amount of available data, it is difficult to
develop  correlations between PAH concentrations and conventional or recycle
operations.  For most of the PAH compounds  analyzed, the concentrations of
the controlled emissions were less than the concentrations of the
uncontrolled  emissions.  However, during recycle  operation, there were
several  PAH compounds  for which the controlled  emissions were greater than
the uncontrolled  emissions.  It  is believed that  these results are most
probably caused by sampling and  analytical  error.

2.7  PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION RESULTS

     An Andersen High Capacity Stack  Sampler (AHCSS) was used during this
program to determine the particle size distribution (PSD)  of  uncontrolled
emissions.  The AHCSS sizes particles  aerodynamical ly  and is designed to
determine the PSD of gas streams with  high grain  loadings without over-
loading  or using  short  sampling periods.
^Futoma, David, et al. Polvcyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water  Systems.
Roca Raton, FL, CRC Press, Inc.,  1981.
                                   2-27

-------
                           TABLE  2-14.   SUMMARY OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS

                                          DURING RECYCLE OPERATION
ho

M
Sampled Emissions
Date
Volume Gas Sampled - DSCF (OSCM)
Stack Cas Flow Rate - DSCFM (M3/Mln)
Stack Temperature ( °F)
Scrubber Pressure Drop (in,H20)
Scrubber Water Flow Rate (GPM)
Percent Moisture by Volume
Percent Isokinetlc
Production Rate (tona/hr)
Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbon Results
Active Carcinogenic n
Spec les
Benz (a) anthracene
Chryaene
Benzo(b) f luoranthene
Benzo(J) [luoranthene
Benzo(e)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)-
pyrene
Nonactlve Carcino-
genic Species
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(k) f luoranthene
Perylene
Benzo(g,h, i)perylene
ND - not detected
Futoma, David, et al
Front Half
(ug/DSCM) (ITR.
0.64 11
3.6 64
ND
ND
1.3 23
0.41 7.2
ND


8.3 150
1.5 26
1.9 34
3.4 60
ND
Nl)
ND

Polycycllc
Uncon t ro 1 led
11/15
16.2 (0.4590)
10,400 (294)
299
12.7
214
48.0
105
166
Control led
11/15
45.2 (1.2789)
9.900 (280)
171
12. 7
214
43.4
113
166
CONCKNTRATIONS AND MASS EMISSION RA1F.S
Back Hall Total Front Hall Back
/hrj (HJS/DSCM)
1. 1
4.8
0.087
ND
0.57
0.087
0.15


(mp/tir )
19
85
1.5

10
1.5
2.6


210 3700
15
18
33
0.11
0.33
ND

Aromatic Hydro
260
320
580
1.9
5.8

carbons
(ug/DSCM
1 .8
8.4
0.087
Nl)
1.9
0.50
0. 15


220
16
20
36
0. II
0. 13
ND
In Water
) .(mR/hr)
32
150
1.5

34
8.8
2.6


3900
280
350
640
1.9
5.8
,.„..,.,,
Systems 0
0.75 13
0.15 2.5
ND
ND
0.078 1.3
ND
ND


1.0 17
ND
0.30 5.0
0.83 14
ND
0.078 1. )
ND
Boca Rnton, Fl,.
'hr)( UK/DSCM
0.0010
2.4
0.24
ND
0.47
0.31
0.31


86
18
13
25
0.24
0.078
Nl)
CRC PreRS,
Half
)imK/hr)(
0.02
40
4.0

7.9
5.2
5.2


1400
300
220
420
4.0
1.3
- - ---,.,
Inc., 1981
Total
.PB/DSCI
0.75
2.6
0.24
ND
0.55
0.31
0.31


87
18
13
26
0.24
0.16
Nl)

Remova 1
Ef f Idem y
H) (mj>/hr ) (Percent!
13
44
4.0

9.2
5.2
5.2


1500
300
220
440
4.0
2.7


59
71
-170

73
41
-100


62
-7
37
31
-no
53
„, - ^, - -

                                                                                                                                     l> ww
                                                                                                                                      ft
                 Reference used to determine if  PNA species were active or nonactlve carcinogens.

-------
RADIAN
CORPOCUmOM
     Attempts were made at determining  the PSD of the controlled emissins
using an Andersen Mark III cascade impactor.  The attempts were unsuccessful
because of the presence of water mist in  the controlled  emissions stream.
As a result, no controlled PSD data are present.

2.7.1  Conventional Operation Uncontrolled Emissions PSD Results

     Three uncontrolled PSD sampling runs were performed during conventional
operation.  The results of these runs are presented graphically in Figure 2-
1 and tabularly  in Table 2-15.  During  Run G-l  aggregate mix B was produced.
During Run C-2 aggregate mix B and C were produced while  aggregate mix M was
produced during Run C-3.   It  should  be noted that mix M contains washed
sand.

2.7.2  Recycle Operation Uncontrolled Emissions PSD Results

     A total of three PSD samples were scheduled for collection during
recycle operation, but only one uncontrolled PSD sampling run was performed
during recycle operation.  The results of the single PSD  recycle run (R-l)
are presented graphically in Figure 2-1 and tabularly  in  Table 2-15.  RAP
mix A was produced during the sampling  period.

2.7.3  Discussion of Uncontrolled Emissions PSD Results

     The three PSD  curves of uncontrolled emissions during conventional opera-
tion (Figure 2-1) are similar in shape.   The mass mean diameter for Runs C-
1, C-2, and C-3 are 10.5 ym,  6.0 ym, and 8.0 ym respectively.

     The mass mean diameter for the single PSD test performed during recycle
operation is approximately 16 ym.
                                  2-29

-------
K)
I
                   999

                   998


                   995

                    99

                    98



                    95


                    90


                iij
                fci   80-

                Q
                "J   70
<

t-
Ifi
50

40-

30
                w   on
                w   20-
    10


    5


    2-

    1

   05

   0.2-

   0.1
                     0
                               a  RUNG i
                               A.  RUNG 2
                               •  RUNG 3
                               a  RUN R 1
                                                                                                             100
                                                       PARTICLE SIZE MICRONS
                            Figure 2-1.   Particle  size distribution curves  of uncontrolled emissions
                                          collected during recycle and conventional operation.

-------
                                    TABLE  2-15.   SUMMARY OF UNCONTROLLED PARTICLE SIZE
                                                   DISTRIBUTION TESTS
NJ
I
Date Time

1H1 .1253-1330




1112 1418-1520



1114 1014-1143



1115 1225-1440



Flow
Run Rate
In (ACFM1)
RECYCLE
1 0.
0.
0.
0.
CONVENTIONAL
C-l 0.
0.
0.
0.
C-2 0.
0.
0.
0.
C-3 0.
0.
0.
0.

439
439
439
439

430
430
430
430
442
442
442
442
456
456
456
456
Stage

1
2
Cyclone
Filter

1
2
Cyclone
Filter
1
2
Cyclone
Filter
1
2
Cyclone
Filter
Mass
Collected
(8)

1.
0.
0.
0.

2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
0.
2.
3.
2.
1.
3.

.1838
2831
4340
1581

9926
.2359
.0506
0152
5725
.0991
.8769
.2131
.2178
3035
3990
0625
% in Size
Range

57.5
13.8
21.1
7.7

41.0
16.9
14.4
27.6
27.3
19.1
15.2
38.4
32.2
23.1
14.0
30.7
Cumulacive
% less than
Size Range

42.
28.
7.
0

58.
42.
27.
0
72.
53.
38.
0
67.
44.
30.
0

6
8
7


9
0
6

7
6
4

8
7
7

Size
Range
(pni)

>13.3
7.2-13.3
2.1-7.2
>0-2.1

>13.3
7.2-13.3
2.2-7.2
>0-2.2
'13.3
7.2-13.3
2.1-7.2
>0-2.1
>13.0
6.9-13.0
1.9-6.9
>0-1.9
1H>50 *
(|im) Isokinetic

13.
7.
2.
-

13.
7.
2.
0
13.
7.
2.
-
13.
6.
1.
-

3 108
2
1


3 103
2
2

3 103
2
1

0 1122
9
9

J)
u
o
                ACFM = actual cubic  feet per minute
                Wet bulb/dry bulb indicated 35% moisture;  42.5% moisture measured which caused super isoklnetic  run

-------
RADIAN
2.8  VISIBLE EMISSIONS RESULTS

     Visible  emissions were measured by a certified reader during most
testing periods when a clear,  blue  sky was available.  The blue sky back-
ground was required for detection of emissions  caused by condensed hydro-
carbons in the plume.  Opacity readings  taken during emission tests are
presented and discussed in this section.  Additional measurements were
performed and are included in Appendix G.

2.8.1  Conventional Operation Visible Emissions  Results

     Opacity readings performed during conventional operation are presented
in Table 2-16.  The opacity readings are graphically represented in Figure
2-2.  The average measured  opacity  reading during conventional operation test periods
was 0  percent.

2.8.2  Recycle Operation Visible  Emissions Results

     Table 2-17 presents opacity  measurements performed during recycle
tests.   These  results are graphically represented in Figures 2-3 and  2-4.
The average opacity measurement was 1.4  and  0.3 percent during Runs R-l and
R-2.  The maximum six minute opacity measurement was 5.8 and 1.7 percent
during Runs R-l and R-2  respectively.  During the recycle PAH sample collec-
tion period the average opacity measurement was zero percent.

2.8.3  Discussion of Visible Emission Results

     One objective of this program was to investigate  the  "blue haze" plume
caused by condensible hydrocarbons.  On the afternoon of November 10, 1983
the water flow to the presprays was turned  off  for over an hour  in an effort
to generate "blue haze"  by  eliminating the prespray cooling. No "blue  haze"
was observed during this period.  With concurrence  of the EPA Industrial
Studies Branch (ISB)  and Emission Measurements  Branch  (EMB)  representatives,
testing under reduced water flow conditions  was cancelled.
                                   2-32

-------
                  TABLE 2-16.   SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATIONS  DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION
KJ
U)
Average
Opacity for
Date Run No. Time 6 Minutes Date Run No.
11/12/83 T.M.Part/ 1130-1135
Cond.Hyd. 1136-1141
(C-l) 1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1200-1205
1206-1211
1212-1217
1218-1223
1224-1229
1230-1235
1236-1241
1242-1247
1248-1253
1254-1259
1300-1305
1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1318-1323


11/12/83 N/A* 1324-1329
1330-1335
1336-1341
1342-1347
1348-1353
1354-1359
1400-1405
1406-1411
1412-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429

0 11/13/83 Part/
0 Cond./
0 llyd .
0 (C-2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 (ave.)

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
1.5
0.2
0
0.21 (ave.)
Average
Opacity for
Time 6 Minutes
0848-0853
0854-0859
0900-0905
0906-0911
0912-0917
0918-0923
0924-0929
0930-0935
0936-0941
0942-0947
0948-0953
0954-0959
1000-1005
1006-1011
1012-1017
1018-1023
1024-1029
1030-1035
1036-1041
1042-1047
1048-1053
1103-1108
1109-1114











0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 (ave.)










       *No source sampling performed during this visible emissions measurement period.

-------
                            4-
                         P

                         ui
                         O
                         DC
                         til
                         a
   3-
1
LO
•JN
O
<
a.
O
iij
O
<
DC
UJ
                            2-
                            1-
                            1100
                                         I
                                        1200
                           1300
 I
1400
                                                                            1500
                            Figure 2-2.  Six-minute averages  of  November 12,  1983.   Opacity

                                          readings on the venturi scrubber stack  during

                                          conventional operation.

-------
RADIAN
             TABLE 2-17-  SUMMARY OF VISIBLE  EMISSION  OBSERVATIONS
                          DURING RECYCLE OPERATION
Average
Opacity for
Dace Run No. Time 6 Minutes Date Run No.
11/11/83 T.M.Part/ 0837-0842
Cond.Hyd. 0843-0848
(R-l) 0849-0854
0855-0900
0901-0906
0907-0912
0913-0918
0919-0924
0925-0930
0931-0936
0937-0942
0943-0948
0949-0954
0955-1000

1009-1014

1104-1109
1110-1115
1116-1121
1122-1127
1128-1133
1308-1313
1314-1319
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1400-1405
1406-1411
1412-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429
1430-1435
1436-1441
Average
11/11/83 Part/Cond. 1530-1535
Hyd.(R-2) 1536-1541
1545-1550
1551-1556
1557-1602
1603-1608
1609-1614
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1645-1650
1651-1656
1657-1702
1703-1708
1709-1714
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0





0

0
0
5 .
2.
2^
4.
4.
1.
2.
5.
3.
2.
2.
5.

0
0
1.

0
1.
1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11/15/83 PAH R-l


2









8

8

4

6


3
3
3
6
0
5
3
0
5
3
1
2
1.4


7
4

3
0










Average
Opacity for
Time 6 Minutes
0855-0900
0901-0906
0907-0912
0913-0918
0919-0924
0925-0930
0931-0936
0937-0942
0943-0948
0949-0954
0955-1000
1001-1006
1007-1012
1013-1018
1019-1024
1025-1030
1031-1036
1037-1042
1043-1048
1049-1054

Average






























0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0






























                       Average
                                      0.3
                                      2-35

-------
KJ
             P

             LU
             O
             OC
             LU
             a
O
<
a.
O
UJ
O
<
OC
UJ
    3-
                     (I
                 2-
                        TJ1
                                                                           (I
                                                                                      r
                  1000
                             1100
                                          I
                                         1200
                                        I
                                       1300
                                                  1400
                                                              1500
                                                                                      1600
                  Figure 2-3.   Six-minute averages of November 10,  1983.   Opacity readings

                                on  venturi scrubber stack during recycle  operation.

-------
KJ
I
5-
P
UJ 4-
0
DC
UJ
(L
i 3~
a
O
UJ
O
< i

-------
2.9  SCRUBBER WATER GRAB SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS

     Periodically during each sampling run,  grab  samples were taken of the
venturi scrubber water influent (pond  water) and venturi scrubber water
effluent.  The pE and temperature were measured for all grab samples (see
Section 2.11 for analytical results).  This section presents results of pH
and temperature measurements performed on scrubber water samples.

2.9.1  Conventional Operation Scrubber Water pH and Temperature Results

     Scrubber water pH and  temperature results during conventional operation
are presented in Table 2-18.  Average  pH results for the venturi scrubber
influent were  7.30, 7.30, and 7.36 for Runs C-l, C-2, and C-3,  respectively.
Average venturi  scrubber effluent pH's were  7.17, 7.18 and 7.17  for Runs C-
1, C-2, and C-3, respectively.

     The average venturi scrubber water influent  temperatures for Runs C-l,
C-2, and C-3 were 132°F,  126°F  and 118°F,  respectively.  Two main factors
affect pond temperature,  ambient  temperature and length of scrubber opera-
tion for each  day.

     The average venturi effluent temperature is  a direct function of the
flue gas temperature.  Since  water has a much higher capacity for heat
transfer than air the flue  gas can be cooled substantially with a relatively
small  increase in the scrubber  water temperature.  The average scrubber
water effluent temperatures for Runs C-l,  C-2, and C-3 were 156°F, 151°F,
and 152°F,  respectively.  The average  venturi inlet flue gas temperatures
corresponding to the above  sampling  runs were 298°F,  289°F, and  304°F,
respectively.

2.9.2  Recycle Operation  Scrubber Water pH and Temperature Results

     Results of pH and temperature measurements during recycle operation are
presented in Table 2-19.  The average  pH measurements for the venturi scrub-
                                  2-38

-------
KJ
I
Lo
VD
                           TABLE 2-18.   SUMMARY OF SCRUBBER WATER pH AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS  FOR
                                        CONVENTIONAL OPERATION
Run No.
Part/Cl

Part/C2

Part/C3

PAH/C1

Date Time
11/12 1140
1240
1340
Average
11/13 0920
1020
Average
11/14 0850
0945
1230
1400
Average
11/14 0850
0945
1230
1400
Average
Water to
Venturi
pH Temperature, °F
7.28
7.30
7.31
7.30
7.31
7.29
7.30
7.43
7.36
7.31
7.34
7.36
7.43
7.36
7.31
7.34
7.36
127
133
136
132
124
129
126
99
115
127
129
118
99
115
127
129
118
Venturi Exit Water
pH Temperature, °F
7.18
7.15
7.18
7.17
7.24
7.12
7.18
7.12
7.18
7.15
7.22
7.17
7.12
7.18
7.15
7.22
7.17
153
154
160
156
149
153
151
145
147
156
160
152
145
147
156
160
152
Time
1130
1230
1430

0929
1030

0830
0900
0930
1000

0830
0900
0930
1000

Pond Water1
0
Temperature, °F
134
137
139

130
134

104
114
121
128

104
114
121
128

142
143
145

139
143

110
124
130
136

110
124
130
136

                                                                                                                          JO
                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                          5
       *Data collected by MRI personnel
       2Temperatures expressed as inlet  temperature  -  outlet  temperature

-------
                               TABLE  2-19.   SUMMARY OF  SCRUBBER WATER pH AND TEMPERATURE
                                             MEASUREMENTS DURING RECYCLE OPERATION
Run No. Date Time
Part/Rl 11/11 0900
0945
1440
Average
Part/R2 11/11 1605
1650
Average
KJ
g Part/R3 11/12 0830
0900
Average
PAH/R1 11/15 0915
1000
1050
Average
Water to
Venturi
pH Temperature, °F
7.46
7.32
7.25
7.34
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.46
7.40
7.43
7.44
7.46
7.49
7.46
91
108
129
109
131
131
131
109
111
110
118
129
135
127
Venturi Exit Water
pH Temperature, °F
7.18
7.10
7.22
7.17
7.20
7.22
7.21
7.22
7.11
7.16
7.11
7.10
7.15
7.12
131
131
149
137
153
154
154
142
145
144
176
171
174
174
Time
0901
0930
1430

1602
1700
0830
0900

0903
0957
1055

Pond Water1
o
Temperature, °F
99
107
132

136
137
114
118

124
136
143

110
114
138

140
142
121
128

132
145
151

      collected by MRI personnel
2Values expressed as inlet temperature - outlet temperature
                                                                                                                   z

-------
RADIAN
ber water  influent  were  7.34, 7.28,  7.43, and 7.46  for particulate sampling
Runs R-l, R-2, R-3,  and PAH sampling Run R-l, respectively.  The average
venturi scrubber water effluent pH readings  corresponding to the above
sampling runs were  7.17, 7.21,  7.16, and 7.12, respectively.

     The average venturi scrubber water influent temperatures were 109°F,
131°F, 110°F, and 127°F for Method 5E Runs R-l,  R-2,  R-3, and PAH Run R-l,
respectively.  The average corresponding water effluent temperatures were
137°F, 154°F, 144°F, and 174°F.  The average venturi scrubber inlet gas
temperatures for those sampling runs were  296°F, 314°F, 317°F,  and 299°F.

2.9.3  Discussion of Scrubber Water  Grab Sample  Measurement Results

     The scrubber water influent and effluent temperature and pH values did
not vary significantly during conventional and recycle operations.

2.10  SCRUBBER WATER ANALYTICAL  RESULTS

     During each sampling run at least  two venturi scrubber water influent
and effluent samples were collected.  The grab samples during each run were
composited and then filtered to  determine total  suspended solids.  An ali-
quot of the filtrate was  then analyzed for dissolved solids.  The remaining
filtrate was analyzed for TOC, trace metals, and/or polynuclear hydrocar-
bons .

2.10.1  Conventional Operation Scrubber  Water Analytical Results

     Table 2-20 presents  the  scrubber water analytical results during
conventional operation.  Total  suspended solids  (TSS) concentrations for the
venturi scrubber water influent  samples  were 161 mg/1, 23.9 mg/1, and 23.5
mg/1 for sampling Runs C-l,  C-2, and C-3.  The corresponding total dissolved
solids (IDS) concentrations were 1860 mg/1,  1780 mg/1, and 1770 mg/1.  TSS
concentrations for the venturi scrubber water effluent samples were 6710
                                   2-41

-------
M
4>
              Run  No.
Tot^aj^ Or&anj.c Carbon _R_£'sul_ts
H1R/1   ('IS C)

Trace Metals^ JjtejmJ ts
   Kl cment  (|ig/rol.)
   A Iumlnum
   Beryl 1 linn
   C.-i I r f urn
   Cadmlurn
   Chromlurn
   I ron
   Mercury

   Manganese
   Nickel
   Lead -
   Vanadi nm
   Zinc

Polyaromatlc Hydrocarbon
Kc.suUs ___	
   Active Carcinogenic

   Benz(n) anthracene
   Chrysene
   llenzci(l)) f luor ant hone
   Benzo(J)fluoranthene
   Benzo(e)pyrene
   Benzo(a)pyrene
   IndenofI,2t3-c,d)pyrene

   Nonactive CarcinopenJc
                      ._.
                 Phenanthrene
                 Anthracene
                 Fluor.-inlhene
                 Pyrene
                 flenzo(k ) f 1 norantliene
                 Pcry lone
                 Bcnzo(g, h, i Jpery lene

              Total SoJUIs Itesiilts
                 Sospended So lids
                l)i_sso_lyed Sol ids
                                          TABLE  2-20.    SUMMARY  OF  SCRUBBER  WATER ANALYTICAL  RESULTS
                                                             DURING CONVENTIONAL  OPERATION
Water t
Venturl
7.10
112
160
0.05
0.001
290
0.007
0.004
0.026
•0.03
54
0.047
<0.003
'0.08
0.069
•0.001














11/12
o Venturl
Ex| t Water
7. 1 7
156
160
0.05
-0.005
)00
• 0.002
' 0 . 00 1
• 0.008
•0.01
54
0.053
0.005
•0.084
'0.001
• 0.001














1 1 / 11 1 1 / 1'. 1
Water lo Ventur) Water to Venturl Water to
Venturl Exit Water Venturl Kxll Water Venturl
7.10 7.18 7.16 7.17 7.16
126 151 118 152 118
180 250 186 210 180













<0. 1
0. 1
Nl)
Nl)
Nil
Nil
Nl)
10
0.4
0.6
1.4
Nl)
Nl)
Nl)
I/I'.
Venturl Water to Venturl
Exit Water Venturl Exit Water
7.17 7.11 7.17
152 124 15)
200 176 210













'0. 1
0. 1
Nl)
Nl)
Nl)
ND
Nl)
6.8
Nl)
0.1
0.6
Nil
Nl)
Nl)
                                                                                                                                                        JO
                                           161
                                          I860
                                                       6710
                                                        IH50
                                                                 21.9
                                                                  1780
                                                                             6510
                                                                                        21.5
                                                                                        1770
                                                                                                                         5240
                                                                                                                                    69.5

-------
RADIAN
mg/l, 6530 mg/1, and 5180 mg/1 for sampling Runs C-l, C-2, and C-3.  The
corresponding IDS concentrations  were  1850  mg/1,  1760 mg/1, and 1770 mg/1.

     There are no significant differences between the venturi  scrubber
influent and effluent trace metals concentrations.  Calcium and magnesium
were the only species found in excess  of 100 ppb. The concentrations were
290 mg/1 and 54 mg/1 for the influent  and 300 mg/1 and 54 mg/1 for the
effluent for calcium and magnesium respectively.

     Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were found in trace amounts in the
scrubber water during conventional operation.  Phenathrene and pyrene were
found in levels in excess of 1 ppb.  Three  other  species anthracene,  fluor-
anthrene, and chrysene were detected in  levels of less than 1 ppb.   Benz(a)
anthracene was detected,  but not  at a  quantifiable level.

2.10.2  Recycle Operation Scrubber Water Analytical Results

     Table 2-21 presents the scrubber  water analytical results during recy-
cle operation.  TSS concentrations for the  venturi scrubber water influent
were 77.8 mg/1,  144 mg/1 and 179  mg/1  for Runs R-l,  R-2, and R-3, respec-
tively.  The corresponding TDS  concentrations were 1960 mg/1, 1970 mg/1, and
1890 mg/1.  TSS concentrations  for the venturi scrubber water effluent were
3090 mg/1, 4690 mg/1, and 3010 mg/1 for Runs R-l, R-2, and R-3, respective-
ly.  The corresponding TDS contents were 1950 mg/1, 1970 mg/1, and 1900
mg/1.

     No significant differences were seen between the venturi  scrubber
influent and effluent trace metals concentrations.  As with conventional
operation calcium and magnesium were the only  soluble  species  found  in
excess of 100 ppb.  Their  concentrations were 300 mg/1 and 54 mg/1 for the
influent and 300 mg/1 and 53 mg/1 for  the effluent for calcium and magnesium
respectively.
                                  2-43

-------
           TABLE  2-21.   SUMMARY  OF  SCRUBBER WATER  ANALYTICAL RESULTS  DURING RECYCLE  OPERATION
Run No.
llnte

Sample Type
Temperalure ,  F

Tutn 1 _(^rj5an 1 c Carbqn Ucaul tg
  RJ
11/11
 K)
if/12
PAH Rl
11/15"
later to
'entiirl
7.34
109
Venturl
Exit Water
7.17
137
W.itrr to
Vcntnrl
7.28
131
VenLur 1
Kx 1 1 WaJ^er
7.21
154
W.itcr to
Venturl
7.43
1 10
Venlurl
Exit Wnter
7. 16
144
Water to
VeuUirl
7.46
127
Ventiirl
Exit Winer
7.12
174
Water to
Venlurl
7.3B
119
Venl ur 1
Exit Water
7.16
152
Results _ __
   Active Carcinogenic
      -—
   Benz(a)anthracene
   Chry scne
   Ben zo ( b) f liio rant hone
   Kcnzo( J) f lunranthcne
   Benco(e)py rene
   Renzo(a)py rene
   Indeno(lp2,3-c,d)|)yrene

   NonactLve CarcinoRcnlc
    ._._.
   Phen.mthrene
   Antlirnccnc
   PI uoranthene
   I'y rene
   Bcnzo(k) f luorantheno
   Pery 1 cnc
   Ben 7,0 (K , h, I )pery lene















NJ
-P-
.p-
niR/l (as C)
Trace Metals Renults
Element (iiK/ml.)
A liinil nitm
llery 1 1 him
Calcium
Cadm 1 urn
Clirom 1 urn
1 ron
Mercury
Halites ( Jim
Manganese
Nickel
Lead
Vanad 1 um
7.1nc

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon
170


•0.05
• 0.005
)00
-0.002
• 0.001
-0.008
•0.03
54
0.060
0.003
•0.084
. 0.003
.0.003


170


0.05
•0.005
300
•0.002
• o.ooi
0.008
• 0.03
53
0.061
•0.003
• 0.084
• 0.003
0.003


                                                                                                190
                                                           '0. 1
                                                            0. 1
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                            7.0
                                                            Nl)
                                                            0.7
                                                            I .3
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                            Nl)
                                                                                                            190
                           •0. I
                            0. 1
                            ND
                            Nl)
                            Nl)
                            0.4
                            Nl)
                             5.0
                             Nl)
                             0.5
                             0.8
                             Nl)
                             0.5
                             Nl)
                                                                                                                      I7B
                              77.8
                                          3090
                                                                4690
                                                                          179
                                                                                      3010
                                                                                                  60
   Dissolved
                                          1950      1970
                                                                1970      1890
                                                                                                I860
                                                                                                            1820
                                                                                                                        1920

-------
RADIAN
     Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were found in trace amounts in the
scrubber water during recycle operation.  Phenanthrene and f luoranthrene
were the only species found in excess of  1  ppb.   Four other species anthra-
cene, perylene,  chrysene, and benzo(a)pyrene were  detected in  levels  less
than 1 ppb.  The presence of benz(a)anthracene was detected but not quanti-
fied.

2.10.3  Discussion of Scrubber Water  Analytical Results

     Fluctuations in the TSS  concentrations of influent scrubber water
samples occurred during both conventional and recycle operations.  The exact
cause for the TSS fluctuations  is not known at this time.  Floculant  was
added to the ponds  to help reduce TSS after dredging operations on November
7 and 14, 1984.   It  is believed that  the fluctuations in TSS concentrations
of the influent scrubber water samples were not  caused by the addition of
floculant on November 7 and 14, 1983.

     The average TSS concentration of scrubber water effluent samples was
approximately 70 percent greater during conventional operation  (5920 mg/L)
as compared to recycle  operation (2980 mg/L).  The higher TSS concentrations
in the scrubber  effluent water  during conventional operation are due  to the
high uncontrolled particulate emissions observed during  conventional
operations as compared  to recycle operation.  The particulate  removal
efficiency of the venturi scrubber was basically the same during both modes
of production.

     The average TDS concentration of influent scrubber water samples was
1800 mg/1 during conventional operation and 1920 mg/1 during recycle opera-
tion.  The average  TDS  concentration  of effluent  scrubber water samples was
1800 mg/1 during conventional operation and 1910 mg/1 during recycle opera-
tion.  Based  on  the  above data,  the average concentration of TDS did  not
vary significantly in the scrubber water influent and effluent  samples.
                                  2-45

-------
     The concentration of trace metals and PAH's present in scrubber water
influent and effluent samples  were essentially the same during conventional
and recycle operation.

2.11  PROCESS SAMPLING RESULTS

     During each conventional and recycle operation  test period, samples of
virgin aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement (during recycle operation) were
collected  and analyzed for percent moisture.  Care was taken  to obtain a
representative sample including collecting very  large samples (approximately
10 pounds) and riffling the  sample  to the 500-700 grams used for analysis.

2.11.1  Conventional Operation Grab  Sampling Results

     Table 2-22 presents  moisture values of the virgin aggregate during
conventional operation.  The percent moisture by weight values  were 2.68%,
2.32%,  and  2.63% for Runs C-l,  C-2,  and C-3.  These moisture values are
slightly lower than the 3-4% estimated by plant personnel.

2.11.2  Recycle Operation Grab Sampling  Results

     Table 2-23 presents  moisture values of the virgin aggregate and recycle
asphalt pavement used during recycle operation.  The percent moisture by
weight values were  1.46%, 1.83%, 1.20%,  and 6.88% for the virgin aggregate
and 1.48%,  1.40%,  2.12%,  and 4.88% for the recycled asphalt pavement, for
particulate Runs R-l, R-2, R-3 and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Run R-
1, respectively.  Plant operators estimated 3-4% moisture for the virgin
aggregate and  2% moisture for the recycled asphalt pavement during  the
particulate runs.   During PAH  Run R-l, plant estimates were 8% for  the
virgin aggregate and 3.5% for  the recycled asphalt pavement.
                                   2-46

-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
              TABLE 2-22.  SUMMARY OF PROCESS SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS
                          FOR CONVENTIONAL OPERATION
Virgin Aggregate
Run No.
Part/Cl
Part/C2
Part/C3
PAH/C1
Date
11/12
11/13
11/14
11/14
Time
1345
0920
0850
1235
0850
1235
Sample amount (g)
666
676
669
717
693 (ave.)
669
717
693 (ave.)
Percent Moisture
2.68
2.32
2.64
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.62
2.63
by Weight


(ave. )
( ave . )
   TABLE 2-23.   SUMMARY  OF  PROCESS  SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS FOR RECYCLE OPERATION
Virgin Aggregate
Run No.
Part/Rl
Part/R2
Part/R3
PAH/R1
Date
11/11
11/11
11/12
11/15
Time
0900
1400
0835
0915
Sample Amounc (g)
607
924
734
638
Z Moiscure
by Weight
1.46
1.83
1.20
6.88
Recycle Asphalt
Sample Amount (g)
456
846
517
573
Pavement
% Moisture
by Weight
1.48
1.40
2.12
4.88
                                     2-47

-------
RAOIAN
CtM»»M
2.11.3  Discussion of Process Sampling Results

     The average moisture content of the virgin aggregate was 2.54%  during
conventional operation and 1.50%  during  recycle Runs R-l,  R-2,  and R-
3.  The moisture content of the virgin aggregate increased to 6.88%  during
PAH Run R-l.  The average moisture content of the RAP  was 1.67% during
recycle Runs R-l, R-2, and R-3.  The moisture content  of  the  RAP increased
to 4.88% during  Run R-l.
                                  2-48

-------
RADIAN
CORPOfUITIOM
                                  SECTION 3
                     PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND  OPERATION

     This section provides a brief description of the asphalt concrete plant
operated by the T. J. Campbell Construction Co. in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
The procedures used to monitor the operation  of the asphalt concrete plant
during both conventional and recycle testing  are also presented in
this  section.

3.1  PROCESS DESCRIPTION

     A description of the T.  J. Campbell asphalt plant (including the emis-
sions control system) is presented in this section.

3.1.1  Process Equipment Description

     T. J. Campbell  Construction Company operates a CMI drum-mix asphalt
plant  in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (refer to Figure  1-1).  Plant operation
began in 1979 and was modified in  March 1983  to include a new, larger
capacity drum which was designed to handle recycled  asphalt  pavement (RAP).
Primary design changes  for utilization of RAP were an injection system for
the RAP in  the center area of the drum  and a heat shield between the RAP
injection point and the burner.  The modifications were designed to reduce
the temperature to which the RAP is exposed.  Table 3-1 presents a summary
of technical data on the asphalt concrete plant.

     The CMI drum at T. J. Campbell  is  36  feet  long and has expanded front
and back ends.  The expanded ends  are 8.5  feet  in diameter, and the mid-
section is  7 feet in diameter.  The expanded front  end allows for greater
heat transfer near the  burner flame,  while the expanded back  end causes the
                                    3-1

-------
RADIAN
  TABLE 3-1.   TECHNICAL DATA ON THE ASPHALT CONCRETE PLANT OPERATED BY THE
              T.  J.  CAMPBELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
          Type:

          Manufacturer:

          Model  Number:

          Dated  Installed:

          Capacity:   rated
                     typical

          Dryer:  fuel
                  capacity
                  firing rate

          Drum Size:   diameter

                      length

          Drum Slope:

          Product Temperature:

          RAP Entry  Position:

          Asphalt Heater:


          Storage Silos  (3):
Drum-mix

CMI

UVM-1200RS-162

March 1983

250-350 tons/h
240 tons/h

Natural gas
109 million BTUs
80-90 million BTUs/h

ends—8.5 ft
middle—7 ft
36 ft

0.75 in. per ft

275° to 325°F

Center feed

Fuel—Natural gas
Storage capacity—35,000 gal

Capacity—235 tons each
Heating—Heat transfer oil
                                    3-2

-------
RADIAN
exhaust gas velocity to decrase to allow the  larger particles to settle out
in this region.  The drum is  natural  gas-fired.  The burner at T.  J.  Camp-
bell  is a  Hauck power flame burner with a 109 million BTU rating.   Virgin
aggregate is stored  in  four cold feed bins and RAP is stored in a separate
cold  feed bin.  The  liquid asphalt is stored  in  a heated 35,000 gallon tank
on site.   The asphalt storage container is maintained at 300°F.  The
finished asphalt concrete mix is stored in one of three heated storage
silos.

3.1.2  Emission Control System Description

     Figure 3-1 illustrates  the emission control system (venturi scrubber)
used by T. J. Campbell.  Process emissions from the drum-mixer exit the
discharge end of  the drum and enter a knockout box to remove some  of  the
larger particles by reducing the air velocity.   After the knockout box, the
emissions are ducted to a wet venturi scrubber.  Specifications for the
venturi scrubber are listed  in Table 3-2.  In the duct work between the
knockout and venturi are water  sprays, two nozzle bars with 13 nozzles per
bar, to cool the emission gases.  Water  is also injected at the venturi
throat through a  12-nozzle spray bar.  Additional water is  flushed through a
collection box below the venturi.

     Scrubber water  is  contained in two  adjacent earthen ponds that are
interconnected by means of a  dike.  One  pond is approximately 55 feet x 24
feet and the other is approximately  65  feet x 24 feet with an effective
depth of 3 to 6 feet.   Scrubber effluent  flows into the end of one pond
while scrubber supply water  is pumped from the other pond.  The dike  di-
viding the two ponds serves as  a weir to  reduce the suspended particulate
matter in the scrubber supply pond.   Silt is cleaned from the ponds weekly
and is landfilled.  Pond make-up water  is supplied from a well.  The  pH of
the ponds  is  controlled by addition of lime; flocculant is  occasionally
added to  the  ponds to aid settling.  The venturi pressure drop is  variable
(12.5  to  18 inches of water column).
                                    3-3

-------
                                                                          STACK
           PRODUCT TO
            STORAGE
                                                             VENTURI
                                                             LOCATION
ORING
ON
Rl
IVYS
)HING
3N
( ^

t
),
                                                                         DRAFT
                                                                         FAN
  VENTURI
RETURN WATER
Figure 3-1.   Wet venturi emissions  control scrubber operated  by the T.J. Campbell
              Construction Company,  Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
    TABLE 3-2.  TECHNICAL DATA ON  THE WET VENTURI SCRUBBER AT THE T. J.
                CAMPBELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
          Type:

          Manufacturer:

          Date Installed:

          Total  Air Flow:

          Water  Circulation Rate:

          Makeup water:

          Pressure Drop:

          Scrubber Inlet  Temperature:

          Scrubber Motor

          Pressure in Venturi Nozzle:

          Fan Motor:

          Ponds  - number
                  sizes  (approx)


                  capacity (approx)

          Scrubber Outlet:


          Scrubber Sludge:   quantity

                            disposal
Venturi scrubber

CMI

Spring 1979

35,000-36,000 acfm

300 gpm (design)

Well water as needed

12.5 to 14.5 inches w.c.

300°F

60 hp

100 Ibs

150 hp
55 ft x 24 ft and 65  ft  x  24
ft; both approx.  3 to 5  ft
deep
70,000 gal and 100,000 gal

Rectangular steel stack  with
sampling ports

2 percent of the  No.  200 and  less
fines run through drum
Fill
                                    3-5

-------
RA01AN
3.2  PROCESS OPERATION

     Operation of the T. J. Campbell plant is typical of other drum-mix
plants.  The T. J. Campbell plant operates about 10 hours per day.  typically
8:00 AM to 6:00 PM,  and does not operate on weekends unless requested by a
customer.  The rate  of asphalt  concrete production  is dependent upon the
temperature of the product and  the  moisture content of the raw feed mate-
rial.  The maximum rated capacity of the T. J.  Campbell plant is 350 tons
per hour at a product temperature of 240°F and 1-2 percent  feed moisture.
The T. J. Campbell plant operates at a product  temperature higher than
normal for  the industry (300°F  as  opposed  to 275  to 285°F) to produce a more
workable mix for  smaller paving jobs.  With a product temperature of 300°F
and a feed moisture content of  5 to 6 percent,  the  rated capacity of the
plant is 250 tons per hour. A  daily production of  2,000 tons is considered
very good.  The T. J. Campbell  plant produces a variety of commercial and
recycle mixes. A brief  description of the process  operating procedures used
during conventional and recycle operation is presented below.

3.2.1  Conventional Process Operation

     During conventional operation, virgin aggregate  is  added to the burner
end of the rotating  drum.  The virgin aggregate is stored in four cold feed
bins.  Aggregate  from each bin  is metered onto  a conveyor according to the
desired commercial mix.  Table 3-3  includes a description of the various
commercial mixes  produced  by T. J.  Campbell  during the  test  program.

     The liquid asphalt  is injected into the dryer  about 2 feet downstream
from the center of the drum.  The liquid asphalt  is stored in a heated
35,000 gallon (gal)  tank on site, maintained at a temperature of 300°F.
The grade of asphalt used  during  the test  period  is designated AC-20, which
has a 60  to  100 penetration grade.   Campbell has two suppliers of liquid
asphalt,  Kerr KcGee (Wynnewood, Oklahoma) and Allied  Chemical  (Stroud,
Oklahoma).   No recycling agents are used by Campbell.  The finished asphalt
concrete  mix drops out the end  of the drum and  is  lifted by bucket conveyor
                                    3-6

-------
RADIAN
 TABLE 3-3.  AGGREGATE ADDITIONS FOR TYPICAL CONVENTIONAL  MIXES PRODUCED AT
             THE T.J. CAMPBELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY,  OKLAHOMA CITY,  OKLAHOMA


Type
Mix

Type B
(virgin)


Type C



Type M



TABLE


Asphalt
Cement Added
(Percent)
4.9



5.0



5.0



3-4. AGGREGATE



Bin No.

1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
ADDITIONS


Percent
of Aggregate
—
45
22
8
25
43
24
33
0
53
20
0
27
FOR TYPICAL RAP
T. J. CAMPBELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY



Type
Mix

Type A
(recycle)



Hot Sand
(recycle)






Asphalt
Cement Added
(Percent)
3.9
(4.6)a



4.5
(4.6)a







Bin No.

1
2
3
4
RAP
1
2
3
4
RAP



Percent
of Aggregate

18
9.8
0
47.2
25
15
60
—
—
25



Bin Contents

Screenings
Sand
3/4 in. rock
5/8 in. rock
Screenings
Sand
3/8 in. rock
—
Screenings
Sand (washed)
—
5/8 in. rock
MIXES PRODUCED
, OKLAHOMA CITY




Bin Contents

Screenings
Sand
	
1.5 in. rock
RAP
Screenings
Sand
—
—
RAP
Moisture
Content
Estimated
By Plant
Personnel
(Percent)
2.5
12.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
12.0
1.5
	
2.0
11.0
	
2.0
AT THE
, OKLAHOMA
Moisture
Content
Estimated
By Plant
Personnel
(Percent)
2.5
12.0
	
2.0
2.0
2.0
11.0


2.0
aAsphalt cement in the RAP
                                    3-7

-------
RADIAN
to one of three storage silos.  These silos are heated with heat transfer
oil and are insulated.  The asphalt concrete is  then loaded onto trucks on a
scale.  The truck used  by Campbell  to haul the product are owned and oper-
ated by  independent truckers.

3.2.2  Recycle Progress Operation

     RAP is predominantly used  in  base  course mixes.  Table 3-4 includes a
description of the  various RAP  mixes produced by  T.  J. Campbell during the
test program.   During  recycle operation, RAP was  added to the center of the
rotating drum and the  quantity  of virgin aggregate added to the rotating
drum was reduced.   Typical RAP  percentages are 25 to 30 percent.  The re-
maining recycle process operating procedures are similar to the conventional
process operating procedures presented in Section 3.2.1.

3.3  PROCESS MONITORING DURING  THE  EMISSION TEST  PROGRAM

     The operation  of  the drum-mix  asphalt plant  was monitored by MRI per-
sonnel during both  the  conventional and recycle test periods.  Table 3-5
contains a summary  of  the process data  collected  during the emissions
testing program.  The  test  period included the company's peak production
week of over 9,000  tons and its peak production day,  November  11, 1983,
when 2,354 tons were sold.

3.4  EMISSION CONTROL  SYSTEM MONITORING DURING THE EMISSION TEST PROGRAM

     The operation  of the venturi scrubber emission  control system was
monitored by MRI personnel during both  the conventional and recycle test
periods.   Emission  control system parameters that were monitored during
testing included:

     o    venturi scrubber pressure drop,
     o    total scrubber water  flow to  the venturi,  and
     o    scrubber  water flow to the venturi throat.
                                   3-8

-------
                                 TABLE  3-5.   PROCESS INFORMATION DURING EMISSION TESTING,

                              T.J. CAMPBELL  CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
U)

I
Production Virgin,
Oale Time rate. tpha Iph
11/10/83 9:30
(a.m.) 10:00
10:33
11:00
11:30
11:50
(p.m.) 2:01
2:31

2:57
3:31
3:52

4:12
4:28
11/11/83 8:37
(a.m.) 9:01
9:30

10:01
10:30
11:00
11:30
(p.m.) 12:10

12:30
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:01
3:31

4:02
4:30
5:00
5:26

201.3
219.2
232.4
228.5
219.2
217.4
209.1
248.3

250.7
262.8
274.3

248. 1
231.2
226.7
208.2
214.6

231.5
245.6
262.2
279.2
213.8

215.4
223 7
212.4
218.3
205.3
238.3
254.2

208.5
265.4
267.8
264.8

191.1
208.3
221.0
217.5
208.7
206.7
150.8
177.3

179.3
192.5
195.5

181.9
167.4
164.1
161 7
157.4

167.1
173.7
191.8
198.3
157.1

153.9
157.6
151.0
157 3
139.9
171.4
180.3

165.3
188.9
189.8
197 0

RAP.
tph4
	
--
52.5
64.1

64.5
62.9
71.4

59 1
57.6
56.4
40 1
51 2

58.2
65.2
63 3
73.4
50.8

55.3
60.2
55.8
55.0
58.9
60.4
67 9

36. 1
69.8
71 7
60.8

A|)ha.lt
tpli
10.2
10.9
11.4
11.0
10 5
10.7
5.8
6.9

6.8
7.4
7.4

7.1
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.0

6.2
6.7
7. 1
7.5
5.9

6.2
5.9
5.6
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.0

7.1
6.7
6.3
7.0

Mix
, temp. ,
°F
270
290
290
310
310
290
290
290

290
285
285

305
290
295
295
290

295
295
290
260
325

295
305
310
290
300
290
285

255
270
285
280

Burner
setting,
%
30
40
40
40
40
40
30
35

40
40
40

45
35
30
30
30

35
40
40
40
30

30
30
30
30
20
35
40

30
45
45
50

Operator estimate Drum
moisture internal
content pressure, Mix
Virgin
5
5
5
5
5
5
4-5
4-5

4-5
4-5
4-5

4-5
4-5
3-4
3-4
3-4

3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
34

3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4

3-4
34
3-4
3-4

RAP
;;

3
2

2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2

AP
-0.25
-0.09
-0. 10
-0.09
-0.10
-0.01
-0 34
-0.30

-0.33
-0.32
-0.17

-0. 16
-0.25
-0. 19
-0 18
-0.15

-0. 12
-0.05
-0.04
-0.04
-0. 13

-0.09
-0 11
-0. 10
-0. 14
-0 14
-0.06
-0.02

-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
0

des ign
C mix
C mix
C mix
C mix
C mix
C mix
Recycle-A
Recycle-A

Recycle-A
Hecyc)e-A
Recycle-A

Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A

Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A

Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Kecycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A
Recycle-A

Recycle-A
Retycle-A
Recyc le-A
Recycle-A

Comment



Turned off prespray water flow
at 2:41 p.m.


Turned on prespray water flow
at 3:44 p.m.




9:45-9:50 RAP bin clog reduced
production rale




Reduced production rale due lo
loader problems






Stopped operation 3:41 lo 3:44;
drag slat clogged



Stopped process al 5:30 lo
switch to C mix (virgin)
                                                                                                                      o
                                                                                                                      5
                                                                                                                      z
                                                                                                           (continued)

-------
                                                TABLE 3-5 (continued)
I
M
O
Date
11/12/83
(a.m.)

1 ine
7: 10
7:30
8:01
Production
rale. tpha
215.6
237 8
238. 1
Virgin. RAP
tph Iph
155.0 55.4
173.5 58.1
174.1 57.4
AphaJt,
Iph
52
62
66
Mix
temp. ,
"F
290
290
295
Burner
selling.
%
40
35
35
Operator estimate
moisture
content
Virgin RAP
3-4 2
3-4 2
3-4 2
Drum
Internal
pressure ,
flP
0 09
0 08
0. 11
Mix
des Ign
Recycle-A
Recycle- A
Recycle-A
Comment


8:05 to B: 10--drum off;



switch-
ing lo load different storage






(p.m.)





8:30
9:00

11:00
11:30
12:00
.12:30
1:01
1:30
2:00

234.1
253.5

256 8
247.6
250.0
248.8
235.0
235.4
222.2

171.6 56 5
183.4 63.6

244.2
235.1
238.5
236.8
223.3
223.6
211 5

60
6.5

12 6
12 5
12.3
12 0
11.7
118
10 7

290
270

275
270
280
290
280
280
285

35
40

60
60
60
55
50
50
50

3-4 2
3-4 2

~3
~3
~3
~3
___ "* 	
3-4
3-4

Oil
0.03

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Recycle-A
Recycle-A

B mix
B alx
8 nix
B mix
B mix
B mix
B nix
silo



At 9:20 stopped adding RAP lo
drum; switching to B mix





11:55 look asphalt cement sample-
Source Allied, Stroud, Oklahoma


Reduced producllon rate;


no I
enough trucks to haul the asphalt



11/13/83
(a.m.)








11/14/83
(a.m.)







2:30
3:01
8:01
8:29
8:58
9:29
9:59
10:30

11:05
11:29

8:03
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
11:08


215.7
209.7
212.8
256.9
236.7
238.3
241. 1
243.4

230. 1
222.8

185.1
209.1
219.9
218.9
224.6
219.3
201.5


205 3
199.4
202.9
244 3
225.1
226.7
229.0
231.7

218.1
211.6

176.2
198.4
208.9
207.9
213.3
208.5
191.2


10 4
10 3
99
12 6
116
11 6
12.1
11.7

114
11 2

89
10.7
11.0
11 0
113
10 8
10 3


290
285
295
275
275
285
285
280

280
255

305
305
290
290
285
275
280


35
35
35
50
60
50
45
45

60
60

40
45
45
50
50
50
50


3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4

34
3-4

3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
34
3-4


0 01
0 02
0 13
0
0
0
0 02
0

0
0

0 01
0
0
0
0
0
0


B mix
B mix
B nix
B nix
B nix
B mix
B mix
B 01 ix

C nix
C mix

H mix
H mix
M mix
H mix
H mix
H mix
C IRIX

concrete







10:54 slopped operation
switch lo C mix

11:52 slopped operalion
switch to H mix






10:55 stopped operation
switch to C Hix








to


to







lo
; 	 r~7 	 ,
                                                                                                                     Z

-------
                                                      TABLE 3-5  (continued)
Production Virgin,
Date Time rate. tpha tph
11:30


(p.m.) 12:00
12:30
1:00

2:06
2:25
11/15/83 7:38
(a.m.) 8:00
8:30

9:03
9:30

9:57
10:30
10:55

(p.m.) 12:07
12:30
1:00
206.8


182.6
199.7
202.5

204.5
190.1
222. 1
215.6
241.5

178.6
157.7

170.7
156.1
166.6

245.6
241.1
237.4
196.5


173.4
189.8
192.4

194.5
180.5
211.0
204.8
229.4

134.2
116.0

126.5
119.8
117.1

233.3
229. 1
225.3
RAP AphaU.
tpha tph
10.3


9.2
9.9
10.1

10 1
9.6
11.1
10.8
12.1

37.9 6.5
36.4 5.3

38.1 6.1
30 8 5.5
43 9 5.6

12.3
12 0
12.1
Mix
temp. ,
°F
295


300
285
300

270
290
255
205
290

285
310

255
255
265

280
285
265
Burner
setting,
%
35


40
40
35

55
50
50
45
50

55
65

60
65
65

60
60
60
Operator estimate Drum
moisture Internal
content pressure. Mix
Virgin
3-4


3-4
3-4
3-4

3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4

8
8

a
8
a

3-4
3-4
3-4
RAP AP
0


0
0
0.03

0
0
0
0
0

3.5 0
3.5 0

3.5 0
3.5 0
3.5 0

0
0
0
design
C mix


H mix
H mix
H mix

C mix
C mix
H mix
H mix
H mix

Recycle-IISd
Recycle- US

Recycle-HS
Recycle-HS
Recycle-HS

H nix
H nix
M mix
Comment

11:43 plant shut off to switch
to H mix


1:18 plant shut down; silo
filled; slow lay down operation




Stopped operation at 6:44 to
switch to hot sand RAP mix
8:56 started recycle mix; hot
hot sand mix typically runs at
lower production rale


11:00 shut off operation to
switch to M mix


1:21 stopped to switch to C

                                                                                                         mix
           1:35   226.7
           1:55   223.8
                           215.5
                           212.8
                                           11.2
                                           11 0
                                                   270
                                                   295
                                                             60
                                                             65
                                                                      3-4
                                                                      3-4
                                                                                            C mix
                                                                                            C mix
1:38 to 1:41  shut off water to
prespray and  venturi throat
.Measured by  weigh bridge on feed conveyors.
 Measured by  flow meter at asphalt storage  tank.
'fiecycle-A =  recylce A mix.
 Hecylce-IIS = recycle hot sand nix.

-------
RADBAN
     Tables 3-6 and 3-7 contain a  summary  of the venturi scrubber operating
data collected during the test program.

3.5. SUMMARY OF PERTINENT PLANT OPERATION  INFORMATION DURING THE EMISSION
     TEST PROGRAM

     This section includes  a summary  of pertinent  information concerning the
operation and monitoring  of  the  asphalt concrete plant and venturi  scrubber.

3.5.1  Asphalt Concrete Production Summary

     Table 3-8 presents a summary of the average asphalt concrete production
and mix type produced during each test period.

3.5.2  Blue Haze Production

     The water flow to the  presprays  was turned off for over an hour on the
afternoon of November 10, 1983  in an effort to  generate blue haze by elimi-
nating the prespray cooling.  No blue haze was observed during this period.
With the concurrence of the  EPA Industrial Studies Branch (ISB)  and Emission
Measurements Branch (EMB) representatives, testing under reduced water flow
conditions was cancelled.
                                   3-12

-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
      TABLE 3-6.   SUMMARY OF VENTURI SCRUBBER OPERATING DATA COLLECTED
                  DURING CONVENTIONAL OPERATION AT T. J. CAMPBELL
                  CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OKLAHOMA  CITY, OKLAHOMA
Pressure Drop Scrubber Water Flow Rates (GPM)
Run No. Date Time (In.
Part Cl 11/12 1100
1200
1230
1301
1330

Part C2 11/13 0801
0829
0858
0929
0959
1030
1105
1129

Part C3 11/14 0803
0830
0900
0930
1000
1030

PAH Cl 11/14 1200
1230
1300
1406

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
H20) Total to System Venturi Throat
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
. 5 ( avg )
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.0
.4 (avg)
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
. 5 ( avg )
.5
.5
.5
.0
.4 (avg)
215
220
220
220
220
219 (avg)
215
220
215
220
220
220
220
220
219 (avg)
215
215
215
215
215
215
215 (avg)
220
220
220
220
220 (avg)
41
41
41
42
42
41 (avg)
41
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42 (avg)
42
42
41
41
42
42
42 (avg)
43
42
42
42
42 (avg)
                                     3-13

-------
RADIAN
      TABLE 3-7.
SUMMARY OF VENTURI SCRUBBER OPERATING DATA COLLECTED
DURING RECYCLE OPERATION AT T. J. CAMPBELL CONSTRUC-
TION COMPANY, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
Pressure Drop Scrubber Water Flow Rates (GPM)
Run No. Date Time
Part Rl 11/11 0837
0901
0930
1001
1030
1100
1130
1210
1230
1300
1332
1400
1430

Part R2 11/11 1501
1531
1602
1630
1700
1726

Part R3 11/12 0700
0730
0801
0830
0900

PAH Rl 11/15 0903
0930
0957
1030
1055

(In. H20) Total to System Venturi Throat
12.5
12.5
12.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.8 (avg)
14.0
13.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.8 (avg)
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.5
13.9 (avg)
13.0
13.0
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.7 (avg)
235
235
225
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
223 (avg)
220
220
220
220
220
220
220 (avg)
215
220
220
220
220
219 (avg)
225
210
215
210
210
214 (avg)
40
40
40
38
41
41
41
41
42
41
42
42
41
41 (avg)
41
41
41
42
41
41
41 (avg)
42
42
41
42
41
42 (avg)
30
30
30
30
30
30 (avg)
                                     3-14

-------
RADIAN
CORPORJCT1OM
        TABLE 3-8.   AVERAGE PRODUCTION AND  MIX TYPE  DURING TESTING PERIOD—
          T.J-.  CAMPBELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY,  OKLAHOMA  CITY, OKLAHOMA
    Date
    11/13/83

    11/14/83
    11/14/83

    11/15/83
  Test period
     time
(beginning-end)
08:53-ll:12a

08:13-10:03a
10:14-11:43b

12:25-14:00b
Average production
   rate, tph
     235.4

     212.8
     209.2

     232.3
Product type
11/11/83
11/11/83
11/12/83
11/12/83
11/12/83
08:39-14:33a
15:15-17:04a
07: 13-09 :00a
11: 39-13: 19a
14: 18-15 :20b
229.3
249.8
235.8
243.5
215.9
Recycle A mix
Recycle A mix
Recycle A mix
Virgin B mix
Virgin B mix
Virgin B&C mix

Virgin M mix
Virgin M&C mix

Virgin M&C mix
     Controlled emission test periods - uncontrolled  emission  tests
     conducted sometime during the indicated time periods.
     Uncontrolled particle size test periods.
                                     3-15

-------
RADIAN
                                  SECTION 4
                             SAMPLING LOCATIONS

     A schematic diagram of the asphalt concrete process is presented
in Figure 4-1.   The general  location  of each sampling point and the parame-
ters measured at each sampling location are also presented in Figure 4-1.
Section 4 contains a brief  description of each of the sampling  locations
used at T. J. Campbell during the emissions testing  program.

4.1  VENTURI SCRUBBER INLET SAMPLING  LOCATIONS

     Uncontrolled emissions samples were collected in the  duct work between
the drum mixer  and the wet  venturi  scrubber.  A side  view and top view of
the duct work immediately upstream and  downstream of the uncontrolled emis-
sions sampling location is  illustrated  in Figure 4-2.  Flue gas exiting the
rotating drum enters the knockout  duct  that carries  the flue gas upward
about 10 to  12  feet where the flue gas then  flows horizontally in a triangu-
lar duct.  The triangular duct funnels  the  gas  to  a  90° downward bend into
the wet venturi scrubber.  Uncontrolled emissions samples were  collected in
the triangular duct.

     Figure  4-3 presents the location of the  four 3-inch ports that were
used to measure the gas flow rate and collect particulate mass, TOG, extrac-
table organics, trace metals,  and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon sam-
ples at the  venturi inlet.   The  four  sampling ports were located about two
feet upstream from the water sprays in  the triangular duct.  These co-
current sprays, used  to cool flue gases prior to venturi entry, did not
interfere with the sampling activities. Figure 4-3  includes a description
of the 16 sampling points used to  characterize the inlet duct.
                                   4-1

-------
I
K)
                                Recycled
                                 Asphalt
                                Pavement
                                          Aspbalt
           Virgin '
          Aggregate
                                                                       Flow Rate
                                                                       Partlrulate (front half)
                                                                       TOC, CondensI hie  Hydrocarbons
                                                                         (back half)
Particle  Size Distribution
PAH
Gas Composition (C0? ,  Oj,
 TOC -  total organic carbon
2T.M. - trace metals
JTSS -  total suspended solids
"TDS -  total dissolved solids
 BaP -  benzo(a)pyrene
6PAH -  polynoclear aromatic hydrocarbons
                                                           Srrubber Pond
                                                                                              Flow Rate
                                                                                              Participate (front half)
                                                                                              TOC, Condenstble llydr*o<;arlions
                                                                                                (back half)
                                                                                              T.H.
                                                                                              Particle Size Distribution
                                                                                              PAH6
                                                                                              Gas Composition (CO?,  0?,
                                                                                                N2,  11,0)
                                                                                              Opacity
                               Figure 4-1.   Schematic of asphalt  concrete process  including
                                               sampling point locations  and  sampling  matrix.

-------
        TOP OF KNOCKOUT
                            /
                                 43-INCH PORTS
    t
   GAS
  FLOW   I
                                        PORT
I    TO   I
  VENTURI
Figure  4-2A.  Side  View of Inlet Duct Sampling Ports
                                    THERMOCOUPLE
      WATER
      'SPRAY
                                    43-INCH PORTS
                                     -18 INCHES ON CENTER
                                     •FIRST AND LAST PORT
                                      9 INCHES FROM WALL

                                   6-INCH PORT
 Figure 4-2B.   Top View of Inlet  Duct Sampling Ports.
                           4-3

-------
                       VERTICAL SAMPLING PORTS
                           (TOP OF DUCT)


1



PORT 1 r
-1 2



~| PORT 2 P
-1 3-



""(PORT 3 (~
-1 4-


«« — 9' — B»
~~| PORT 4
-1 	


1-9 9-9 1-9 A-9















1-1 9-1 1-1 A-1
1
-4 2
-4 3
-4 4-


^* NJ U A
H H -H -(
I I X I
a 3 33 33
C C C C
— rb u i.
^r
o
1'





\
• t

)
n

r



j
CO

1
,

bi

.
i
                                                                    70A3540
Figure 4-3.  Venturi  scrubber inlet sampling location  for  gas flow
             rate, particulate mass, condensible hydrocarbons, trace
             metals,  and  polyaromatic hydrocarbons emissions sampling.
                                  4-4

-------
RADIAN
     Uncontrolled flue gas samples for 02 and  CC^ analysis were collected at
sampling point 2-2 as illustrated in Figure 4-3.

     Particle size distribution (PSD)  samples  were collected through the
single 6-inch port (Port  5  illustrated in Figure 4-4) mounted on the east
side of the triangular duct.  The center of Port  5  is  situated  13.25 inches
from the top of  the duct.  PSD samples were collected 27 inches from the
east duct wall  (Point 5-1).

4.2  VENTURI SCRUBBER OUTLET SAMPLING LOCATIONS

     Controlled emissions samples were collected  at the outlet  of the ven-
turi scrubber.  Flue  gas  exiting  the  venturi scrubber entered the exhaust
fan and then passed through a flow control damper.   The flue gas then exited
through a rectangular stack.  Controlled emissions samples were  collected
from two sets of sampling ports on the stack.

     The first set  of ports  consisted  of three 3-inch ports located about
eight feet downstream of  the control  damper.   The second set of ports con-
sisted of six 3-inch  ports  located about  six feet further downstream from
the first set of ports.

     Particle size distribution tests were unsuccessfully attempted through
the three ports  located immediately downstream of the control damper.  Fig-
ure 4-5 illustrates  the  location  of the port and point  used for the particle
size distribution tests on  controlled emissions.

     Gas flow rate measurements and particulate mass, TOC, extractable
organics, trace  metals, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon samples
were collected using the set of six 3-inch ports.  Figure 4-6 illustrates
the location of  the six ports and  the  locations of the  twenty-four sampling
points used  to collect controlled emissions samples.
                                    4-5

-------
                                    SAMPLING PORTS
                                         •72'-
             .9-.
                        •r 6"-
                                                      • r 6'-
                                               |   [PORT 3
|  |PORT 4
& i
          6-INCH PORT USED
          FOR PARTICLE SIZE
             SAMPLING
    PORTS
                                 5-1
                                                                           S
                                                                           CD
 Figure 4-4.   Venturi scrubber inlet sampling location for the collec-
               tion of particle size distribution samples.
                                  4-6

-------
           -31.25"
O  O  O  O  O  O
 PARTICULATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
        SAMPLE PORT

     O    ©     O
         GAS FLOW
          DAMPER
~1
                                                                     • 35.5"
                                                                             •22.2"
                                                               1-1
                                                                                                SAMPLE POINT 1-1
                                                                                         70A3602
                                                                         cr
                                                                         O
                                                                         Q.
                                                                         O
                                                                                                     a
                                                                                                     2
         Figure 4-5.  Venturi scrubber outlet sampling location for particle  size
                       distribution  sampling.

-------
-P-
oo
              	31.25'	

                PARTICULATE
               SAMPLING PORTS
        Q00000
            O    O     O
                GAS FLOW
                 DAMPER

6
5
4
3-
2
1


4t\



0 0
	 ^
•n *>" , . M
^ 133" ' t*
F4.5"»




















1 4 THRU 6 4
1-3 THRU 6 3
1 2 THRU 6 2
1-1THRU6 1
6

5

4

3

2

1

SAMPLING POINTS
                                                                                              70A3601
                     Figure 4-6.  Venturi scrubber outlet sampling  location for gas flow,
                                  particulate mass, condensible  hydrocarbons, trace metals,
                                  and  polyaromatic hydrocarbons  emission sampling.

-------
RADIAN
4.3  VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATION LOCATIONS

     Visible opacity observations were made of the plume exiting  the stack.
A total of six locations were used to make the opacity observations during
this program.   Figure  4-7 presents the  layout of the T. J. Campbell asphalt
plant and the approximate location of the observer with respect to the  stack
at each position during visible emissions measurements.

4.4  VENTURI SCRUBBER WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

     Samples of water supplied to the venturi scrubber and samples of ven-
turi scrubber effluent water were  collected  during emissions testing.   Sam-
ples of pond water being supplied to the  venturi scrubber spray nozzles were
collected at the floating  pump intake (refer to Figure 4-8).  The intake
line floats out in the pond and access to the intake  is  by means of a wooden
plank.  Water samples were collected near the pump intake by dipping a
sample container into the pond at the intake position.

     Venturi scrubber water drains into a collection box below the venturi.
The scrubber water then drains back  to  the settling pond by means of an 8-
inch diameter plastic pipe.  Samples of the  scrubber effluent water were
collected from the collection  box below the  venturi scrubber.

4.5  VENTURI SCRUBBER PROCESS  MONITORING  LOCATIONS

     The venturi scrubber pressure drop and  venturi scrubber water flow
rates were monitored  during the emissions  test program.

4.5.1  Venturi Scrubber Pressure  Drop Monitorine

     Figure 4-9 illustrates the locations used to monitor the venturi pres-
sure drop.   Swagelok® connectors  were installed in the duct work immediately
upstream and downstream of the venturi  scrubber.  Tygon® tubing was used to
                                   4-9

-------
            ©
                              MAINltNAMCt
                               COKVtNllOHAi. ANO fttCTClt MIX
                                       E &U.DS
                                                      ©
        0
Position
No. Date
1
2
3
4
5
6
11-10-83
11-11-83
11-11-83
11-12-83
11-13-83
11-15-83
Approximate
Distance
Time from Stack (ft)
1000-1625
0819-1126
1308-1718
0722-1429
0800-1150
0815-1054
1000
125
100
200
80-100
250
Direction of Observer Plant
from Discharge Point Mode
SE
NE
SW
E
S-SE
E-SE
R
R
R
C&R
C
R
C - conventional operation
R - recycle operation
     Figure 4-7.  Locations of visible  emission observations at the
                  T.J. Campbell asphalt plant,  Oklahoma City,
                  Oklahoma.
                                   4-10

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                    INFLUENT
                     POND
   TO
SCRUBBER"
                     PUMP
                                          24 FT.-
          RETURN PIPE
                            FLOATING
                           INTAKE LINE
                                       DENOTES
                                       SAMPLING
                                       LOCATIONS
                                        WEIR
EFFLUENT
POND
:TTCD
E I tn
"1

©

Qr.PI IRRPR
__— ~~^^* r-r-i-i iir-M-r


                                                            m
                                                            in
                                                            co
                                                             I
                                                                 n
                                                                 <
                                                                 o
      Figure 4-8.
Layout of effluent  and  influent scrubber
ponds including  sampling locations.
                            4-11

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            FLOW
I
M
to
                                             PRESPRAY
                                              NOZZLES
                                                              VENTURI THROAT
                                                              SPRAY NOZZLES
                                                  MAGNEHELIC
                                                     GAUGE
                                                             ,®
                       Figure 4-9.   Venturi  scrubber pressure drop monitoring location.

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RADIAN
connect the sample taps to a Magnehelic®dif ferential pressure gauge for use
in monitoring the scrubber differential  pressure.

4.5.2  Venturi Scrubber Water Flow Rate Monitoring

     The total water flow rate to the venturi scrubber system and  the flow
rate of water to the venturi spray nozzles were monitored using paddle  wheel
type sensors.  Flosensors® were used to monitor the water flow rate at  the
two locations.  Figure 4-10 depicts  the  locations  of the two Flosensors®in
the scrubber system.   One Flosensoi®was installed in the 4-inch main  line to
monitor the total flow of water to the scrubber system.  A second  Flosensor®
was installed  in the 2-inch line that  supplies water to the venturi spray
nozzles.  Both Flosensors®were installed  in vertical sections of pipe to
ensure full-pipe flow of water during monitoring.

4.6  ASPHALT CONCRETE PROCESS  SAMPLING LOCATIONS

     During emissions testing samples  of the virgin aggregate and  recycled
asphalt pavement were collected from the conveyor  belts that transport the
raw materials to the drum mixer  from the  storage bins.

     Samples of the  liquid asphalt cement were  obtained from a vendor truck
that transported the asphalt cement  to the plant.
                                    4-13

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                      EFFLUENT
                        POND
I-1
4>
                        WEIR
                      INFLUENT
                        POND
                                             FLOSENSOR WATER FLOW
                                            TO VENTURI SPRAY NOZZLES
           FLOSENSOR-TOTAL WATER
              FLOW TO VENTURI
                                                                                                   TO DRAIN
                                                                                                     TRAY
                                                                                              VALVE
                          Figure 4-10.
Location of flosensors used to  monitor the  flow rate
of water to the T.J.  Campbell wet venturi scrubber.

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RADIAN
COBPOfumOM
                                  SECTION 5
                           SAMPLING AND  ANALYSIS

     This section contains general descriptions of sampling equipment, sam-
ple collection techniques, and sample recovery techniques used during the
emissions testing program at the T.J. Campbell asphalt concrete plant.  Also
included are analytical preparation techniques and analytical methodology
used to analyze the samples collected during sampling.  Additional information
is provided  in Appendix J.

5.1  SAMPLING PROCEDURES

     This section provides a description of  the sampling procedures that
were used to collect samples of the flue gas,  scrubber waters, and process
solids for analysis.

5.1.1  Source Sampling Procedures

     Included in Table 5-1 is a list of  the  various parameters that were
measured at the  inlet  and  outlet of  the venturi scrubber and the sampling
methodology that was used during source  sampling.  Each of the sampling
methods listed in Table 5-1 are described in this section.  Whenever possi-
ble, EPA referenced source sampling methods  were  used.  The EPA reference
methods were taken from the Environmental Reporter, Volume I - Federal
Regulations, Section  121,  "Air," Appendix A.  If an EPA reference method did
not exist, a detailed  description of the  methodology  is provided.

5.1.1.1  Gas Phase Composition—
     Following are discussions of the methods which were  used  to measure gas
phase composition.
                                    5-1

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               TABLE  5-1.   SUMMARY OF  SOURCE  SAMPLING PARAMETERS AND  METHODOLOGY

Parameter Measured
Number and location of sampling points,
gas velocity and volumetric gas flow
(ia.s phase romposl t lon/dow point
 'i
3 3
3 3
1 1
1 1
1
2?
                                                                                                                            z
'Number of valid sampling runs performed
^Number of attempted sampling runs

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RADIAN
     Moisture Determination—The moisture content  of the outlet gas stream
was determined using a modified  version of the methodology described in EPA
Method 4.  This method  requires  that  a known volume of particle free gas be
pulled through a chilled impinger train.   The  quantity of condensed water is
determined gravimetrical ly and then related to the volume of gas sampled to
determine the moisture content.

     The moisture content of the gas  stream was determined  simultaneously
during each EPA Method  5E  test and  each particle size distribution determi-
nation.   The absolute filter in  the EPA Method 5E  and particle sizing trains
removed the particulate matter from the gas stream, allowing condensed water
to collect  in  the  impinger train.

     The moisture content  of the gas  stream is required to  calculate the
molecular weight of  the gas (wet) and the isokinetic gas sampling rate.

     Relative Humidity—A wet bulb/dry bulb apparatus was used in conjunc-
tion with a psychrometric chart  to determine the relative humidity of the
scrubber gas streams. The wet bulb/dry bulb apparatus consists of two
thermocouples strapped together. The front end of the first thermocouple
extended out about three inches  further  than the second thermocouple.  A
cloth sock was placed tightly over the  front two inches of the first thermo-
couple (wet bulb).  Prior to  sampling, the cloth sock was saturated with
water.   The thermocouples  were then inserted into  the center of the duct and
the temperature of the  wet bulb  thermocouple monitored.  After the tempera-
ture of  the wet bulb thermocouple stabilized (reached equilibrium), the
temperature of the dry  thermocouple was"measured.  The wet bulb and dry bulb
temperatures were used with a psychrometric chart to determine  the relative
humidity and moisture content of the  gas  stream.   A high temperature psych-
rometric  chart (dry bulb temperature  -500°F) was used during this program
because  of the high temperature  (—300°F)  of the uncontrolled emissions gas
stream.   The wet bulb/dry bulb temperatures were determined at  least once
during  each test run to verify the moisture content  of  the  gas  streams.
                                   5-3

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IZADEAN
     Molecular  Weight Determination—The dry molecular weight of the gas
stream was determined using  the grab sampling technique described in EPA
Method 3.  The dry molecular weight of the gas was calculated  based upon the
02> C02» and N£ concentration.  CC^ and 02  concentrations were determined
using an Orsat  apparatus.  N~ was determined by  difference.

     A small diaphragm pump  with  a stainless steel probe were used to ex-
tract a small volume (—10 liters) of the gas sample which was collected in a
Tedlar®bag.  Collection of  the gas sample  in the Tedlar® bag required 15 to
20 minutes and was performed  immediately following a source sampling run
(ex.  EPA Method 5E).  A  specific volume of  gas is then transferred to the
Orsat.  During analysis, the  gas  sample is  passed through two absorbing
solutions designed to  selectively remove C02 and then ©2-  The decrease in
the gas volume  in  the Orsat container  is proportional to the dry concentra-
tion of the absorbed species.  The balance  of the gas mixture was assumed to
be 1$2'  *f more than six passes were required to obtain a  constant  (0.3%
difference, absolute)  reading for either ©2 or C02» the appropriate absorb-
ing solution was replaced.

5.1.1.2  Volumetric Gas  Flow Rate Determinations—
     Total gas  flow rates at the  scrubber  inlet  and outlet were determined
using procedures described in EPA Method 2.  The volumetric gas flow
rate was determined by measuring  the cross  sectional area of the inlet duct
and the stack  and  the average  velocity of  the gas stream.  The area of the
inlet duct and  the stack was determined by direct measurement.

     The number of sampling points required to statistically measure the
average gas velocity in the stack was  determined using  the procedures out-
lined in EPA Method 1. The number of sampling points and their distance from
the duct wall is a function of the  proximity of  the sampling  location to its
nearest upstream and downstream flow disturbance.  A total of 24 sampling
points (4x6 matrix) were used at  the stack  sampling  location.
                                   5-4

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 RADIAN
      The inlet sampling location (refer to Section  4) did not meet EPA
 Method 1 criteria but represented the best  possible  location available for
 collecting uncontrolled emission samples.   The number of inlet sampling
 points were  limited  to  16  (4x4 matrix) because of the high particulate
 loading and  limited  sample collection time.

      The gas stream velocity was calculated from the average gas velocity
 pressure (AP), the average  flue  gas  temperature, wet molecular weight, and
 absolute pressure.   AP  and  temperature profile data were measured  at each of
 the sampling points  using  an S-type  pitot  tube and  type-K thermocouple.  A
 Magnehelie® gauge was used to measure the  pressure  drop  (AP)  across the S-
 type pitot.

      Barometric  pressure readings were  obtained daily by phoning Tinker Air
 Force Base.  The static pressure was measured by inserting  a stainless steel
 probe into the duct.  A Magnehelic® gauge  attached to the probe was used to
 measure the  static pressure within  the  duct.

 5.1.1.3  Particulate Loading  Determination—
      A modified  version of  the sampling procedure specified in EPA Method
5E was used to  measure the particulate and  condensible hydrocarbon  load-
 ings.  The primary modifications to  the standard procedure include:

      o    impinger train configuration  and impinger contents  depending
           upon the chemical specie(s) of interest,

      o    the  sample recovery procedure(s),

      o    performing an acetone probe rinse prior to the trichloroethane
           probe  rinse,  and

      o    maintaining the  filter temperature  at 250°F +  10°F.
                                    5-5

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RAOBAN
     Figure 5-1 illustrates the EPA Method 5E sampling train.  A sample of
particulate-laden flue gas was collected isokinetica 1 ly through a stainless
steel gooseneck nozzle.  A stainless steel  or glass-lined heat traced probe
transported the flue gas from the duct to the hot  box.  Problems were
encountered with glass liners breaking during the  runs.  To eliminate this
problem a stainless steel probe was used during later  runs.  The trace metal
samples were collected using a glass liner.  The probe temperature was closely moni-
tored and controlled at 250°F  ;+10°F.  After  entering  the hot box, the
particulate matter was removed from the gas stream by  means of a glass
filter housed in a glass  holder.   The  temperature of the sampled gas was
monitored and controlled at the filter using  a  time proportioning tempera-
ture controller to a temperature of 250°F + 10°F.

     The filtered gas stream then entered a series of  impingers immersed in
an ice bath.   The configuration and  contents of the impingers depended on
the type of chemical specie(s) of interest.  The impinger train used during
condensible hydrocarbons and particulate determinations consisted of four
impingers situated in an ice bath.  The first two  impingers were of the
Greenburg-Smith design and contained 250 ml of  0.1 N sodium hydroxide  (NaOH)
for hydrocarbon collection.  The third and  fourth  impingers were of the
modified Greenburg-Smith design.   The  third impinger was dry and the fourth
impinger contained about  250 grams of  silica  gel for final moisture removal.
Section 5.1.1.4 provides a description of the  trace metals impinger train
configuration that was  used  simultaneously with the particulate loading
determination.   All impingers  were weighed before and after sampling using a
top loader balance.  The impinger weight gain data was used to calculate the
moisture content of the flue gas.

     During sampling, the flue gas velocity was monitored by an S-type pitot
tube attached  to a Magnehelic® gauge.   The  isokinetic sampling rate was
maintained through a  system of  valves and a leak less pump.  The sampling
rate was  monitored using a calibrated orifice with a Magnehelic® gauge and
                                    5-6

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                                   HEATED
                                 GLASS LINER
PHOBE LINER
TEMPERATURE
  SENSOR
  DRY
IMPINGER
                                                                                  TEMPERATURE
                                                                                    SENSOR
       TEMPERATURE
         SENSOR
GOOSENECK
  NOZZLE
             GAS FLOW
       TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
        FOR MAINTAINING FILTER
       HOLDER TEMPERATURE |250'F|
                               ORIFICE
                             MAGNAHELIC
                                                                  PUMP
IS
I
                                                                                               70B3477
                Figure 5-1.   Modified EPA  Method  5E sampling train designed  to
                               collect  particulate  and condensible hydrocarbon
                               samples  at the venturi scrubber inlet and  outlet.

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RADIAN
the total sample volume was measured using a calibrated  dry gas meter.  The
gas stream temperature  was monitored using a type-K thermocouple and a
pyrometer.

     When sampling was  completed, the  nozzle, probe, and interconnecting
glass pieces prior to the filter  were  brushed and washed, first with three
volumes of acetone and  then with  a volume of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.  The
dual solvent rinse was  requested  by EPA to relate results to comparative
Method 5 data and collect samples within  the protocol of Method 5E.  The
acetone and trichloroethane "front-half" rinses were stored separately in
individual 500 ml glass bottles with teflon lid inserts.  The filter was
transferred to the filter's original petri dish along with any particles or
loose filter material  in the  holder.

     After weighing,  the  impinger contents were quantitatively transferred
to individual 500 ml  glass bottles with teflon  lid  inserts.  All of the
glassware from the filter to  the  silica gel  impinger was rinsed, first with
two aliquots of 0.1 N NaOH and then with a volume of trichloroethane.  The
trichloroethane "back-half" rinses were stored separately in individual 500
ml glass bottles with teflon  lid  inserts.

     The filters, impinger solutions,  and acetone, trichloroethane, and NaOH
rinses were carefully packaged  for shipment back to Radian for weighing and
other analyses.

5.1.1.4  Trace Metals Sample  Collection—
     Samples of the gas streams were collected  during this program for trace
metals analysis.  Collection  of the volatile trace metals samples was achieved
by incorporating an acid  impinger into the impinger train described in
Section 5.1.1.3.  The  impinger,  containing 250 ml  of 10%  ultrex nitric acid
(HNOo),  was  placed immediately  downstream of  the two 0.1 N NaOH impingers
used for hydrocarbons collection.   Sample collection was similar
to the procedure described  in Section 5.1.1.3.  Figure 5-2 graphically
illustrates the trace metals  sampling  train.
                                   5-8

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Ol
 I
                                                 HEATED
                                               GLASS LINER
                                                                                                           TEMPERATURE
                                                                                                             SENSOR
                      TEMPERATURE
                        SENSOR
                GOOSENECK
                 NOZZLE
                            GAS FLOW
                      TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
                       FOR MAINTAINING FILTER
                      HOLDER TEMPERATURE (250'F)
                                             ORIFICE
                                           MAGNAHELIC
                                                                                                                     70A3604
                       Figure  5-2.   Sampling  train  designed to  collect  trace metals  samples at the
                                       venturi scrubber inlet and  outlet.

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RADIAN
     Upon completion of sampling,  the particulate  and TOC/extractable hydro-
carbon sample recovery procedure described in Section 5.1.1.3 was used.  The
HNOj impinger solution was stored  in a 500 ml Nalgene bottle.  The HNO-j
impinger was rinsed with  an aliquot  of  10% HN03  and  the rinse added to the
sample bottle.

     The filter, acid and base impinger solutions, and the acetone and
trichloroethane rinse solutions were shipped  back  to Radian for trace metals
analysis using procedures described  in  Section  5.2.

5.1.1.5  Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sample  Collection—
     Figure 5-3 illustrates the sampling train that was used to collect
samples of the gas stream for PAH analysis.  The  PAH  sample collection
procedure is similar to the particulate loading  procedure described in
Section 5.1.1.3.  The major differences between the two  systems include
impinger configuration, contents,  and sample  recovery procedures.

     The PAH impinger train consisted of a dry impinger for cooling down the
gas before entering the glass canister containing  ZAD-2 resin  for PAH ad-
sorption.   The temperature of the  gas entering the resin canister was moni-
tored using a thermocouple.   Following the XAD-2 resin canister was a second
dry impinger for  collection of any condensate occurring downstream of the
XAD-2 resin.  The third impinger contained silica  gel for final moisture
removal.  The glassware in the hot box,  the two  dry  impingers, and the XAD-2
resin canister were wrapped  with aluminum foil to  reduce sample exposure to
ultraviolet  radiation, which can cause possible  photodegradation of the
PAH'S.

     Upon completion of sampling,  the sampling train was returned to the
mobile laboratory for sample recovery.  Incandescent  lights were used in the
mobile laboratory during sample recovery to minimize PAH photodegradation.
The nozzle and glass probe liner were brushed and  rinsed with methylene
chloride.   All interconnecting glassware in the hot  box and  impinger train
                                  5-10

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                                                      HEATED
                                                    GLASS LINER
                          TEMPERATURE
                            SENSOR
                   GOOSENECK
                     NOZZLE
Ui
I
                          TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
                           FOR MAINTAINING FILTER
                         HOLDER TEMPERATURE (250°F)
                                            ORIFICE
                                          MAGNAHELIC
                                                                               PUMP
                                                                                                            70B347B
                         Figure 5-3.   Sampling train designed to  collect  polynuclear  aromatic hydrocarbon
                                        samples at venturi  scrubber inlet and outlet.

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RAOBAN
(except the silica gel impinger)  were  also rinsed  with methylene chloride.
The methylene chloride rinses were  stored  in amber glass bottles with teflon
lid inserts.  The filter was transferred to a  glass petri dish and wrapped
with aluminum foil to protect it  from  direct light  during storage and ship-
ment.   The XAD-2  resin was transferred from the canister to  a pint  Ball jar
and wrapped with  aluminum foil for  storage.  Methylene chloride was used to
rinse the resin into the jar.   A  lid with  a  teflon insert was used to seal
the jar.  The  PAH sample  was  analyzed  at Radian using the procedure des-
cribed  in Section 5.2.

5.1.1.6  Particle Size Distribution Determination—
     During this  project  the particle  size distribution at the inlet and
outlet  of  the scrubber was determined  using the sampling trains  illustrated
in Figures 5-4 and 5-5, respectively.  Both sampling trains  were similar in
design and used equipment designed  to  classify particles  present in the gas
stream with respect to their aerodynamic size.

     Because of the high particulate  loading encountered  at the scrubber inlet, an
Andersen High Capacity Stack  Sampler  (AHCSS) was used to determine  the inlet
particle  size distribution.   A cut-away  view of the AHCSS is illustrated in
Figure 5-6. The AHCSS contains two impaction chambers  followed  by  a cyclone
and a backup absolute thimble.  Particles were automatically fractionated
into four size ranges and  the results  were then plotted to represent the
size distribution (see Figure  2-3).

     A right angle probe was used at the scrubber  inlet to allow the AHCSS
to be pointed  into the gas stream.  A  straight-neck sampling nozzle was
attached to the AHCSS to minimize the  impaction of  larger particles that
might otherwise occur using  a gooseneck nozzle at  the  inlet.

     PSD sampling at the scrubber outlet was attempted using an Andersen
Mark III cascade  impactor.  The impactor classifies aerosols aerodynamical ly
into nine size fractions.  Glass  fiber impactor substrates were used to
collect the particles from the gas  stream.   The substrates decrease the
                                    5-12

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                                                 -TEST DUCT
                      ABSOLUTE |
                        FILTER
                                                                                 H2O
                                                                              IMPINGERS
                                                                                         DRY
                                                                                       IMPINGER
                                                                               TEMPERATURE
                                                                              V)   SENSOR
Ul
 I
                   ANDERSEN
                  HIGH CAPACITY
                  STACK SAMPLER
STRAIGHT
 NOZZLE
                               1/2" DIA STEEL
                                PIPE PROBE
                                                                                                        SILICA GEL
                                                                                                       DESSICCANT
                             ICE BATH

                     BYPASS   VACUUM
TEMPERATURE SENSORS  f VALVE     GAUGE
VACCUM
 LINE
                                                    PUMP ORIFICE
                            GAS FLOW
                                                                                                  -i/-
                                                                                                               70A3476
                                                      ORIFICE
                                                      GAUGE
                     Figure  5--4.   In-stack Andersen high capacity stack sampler sampling train
                                   used to determine the particle size  distribution at  the venturi
                                   scrubber inlet.

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I
H
*-
                       TAPERED
                       STRAIGHT!
                        NOZZLE
                               1
                           GAS FLOW
                                                                                            TEMPERATURE
                                                  \_
   1/2" STEEL
  PIPE PROBE
                                             ANDERSEN
                                              MARK III
                                                                                                SILICA GEL
                                                                                                DESSICANT
                                                  PUMP ORIFICE
            TEMPERATURE
              SENSORS
              (%
                                                                           BY PASS
                                                                            VALVE
                                                                                    MAIN
                                                                                    VALVE
MAGNEHELIC
  GAUGE
                                                                                      ICE BATH
VACUUM
 GAUGE
                                                       VACUUM
                                                        LINE
                    Figure 5-5.   In-stack Andersen Mark III  Cascade  impactor sampling train used to
                                  determine the particle size distribution at the  venturi  scrubber outlet,

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RADIAN
        ^
                          FLOW
         ACCELERATION
             JET
       rO
              VENT
              TUBE
       LKDcm
      SCALE
                                ISOKINETIC PROBE
                                  FIRST IMPACTION STAGE
                                  SECOND IMPACTION STAGE

                                  CYCUONE STAGE
                                   GLASS FIBER
                                   THIMBLE  FILTER
        Figure 5-6.  Schematic of the Andersen Model HCSS High
                   Grain-Loading Impactor
                              5-15

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 RADIAN
errors that are encountered  in weighing the large metal plates.  The sub-
strates were pretreated before  use by baking  the  filters  at  500°F for two
hours.  The substrates  were  then desiccated and weighed using a Mettler
AE163 analytical  balance.   Preweighed sets of substrates  were  stored in
polyethylene petri dishes until use in the field.

     The Andersen impactor was  oriented horizontally and  a straight-neck
nozzle used.  Because of the high  moisture content of the outlet flue gas,
an auxiliary heating system (heating  tape  and  insulation) was  required to
elevate the operating temperature  of  the Andersen.  An elevated temperature
was used to try to evaporate water droplets present in the gas stream.  A
discussion of the  problems encountered during  this sampling  is presented in
Section 2.   To  assist in this evaporation process, a ten- to  twelve-inch
heated extension (0.5-inch ID stainless steel  tube) was used  between the
nozzle and impactor.  A thermocouple  mounted  in the  gas stream directly
behind the Andersen was used to  monitor the Andersen operation.  A variac
was used to control  the heating tape, and  thereby the exit gas temperature
of the  impactor.

     Impactor sampling at the inlet and outlet was performed at a point of
average velocity  in  the gas stream.   The isokinetic  flow  rate  through the
nozzle was precalculated based  on  velocity data obtained  during earlier
sampling (modified Method 5E).   Operation of both the AHCSS  and Andersen
Mark III required that the flow rate through the  impactor be kept constant.
This requirement eliminated the  possibility of adjusting the  flow rate if
variations in gas velocity occurred.

     Prior to sampling at the inlet the AHCSS was allowed to preheat in the
duct for at least  45 minutes  to allow ample time  for the unit  to reach the
flue gas temperature.  After sampling, the AHCSS  and the Andersen Mark III
were carefully unloaded and the solids and/or substrates  desiccated and
weighed.  The majority  of  the Andersen Mark III substrates lost weight due
to the moisture droplets wetting the  substrates and making sample recovery
impossible.  The individual weight gains  of the stages  and filters were used
                                   5-16

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   »^*^
along with the impactor operating conditions to calculate the particle size
distribution of the scrubber inlet.   The impingers were weighed before and
after sampling to determine the moisture content of  the gas  stream.

5.1.1.7  Visible Determination of Opacity—
     The visible opacity of the outlet stack plume was determined by visual
observation using the procedure described in  EPA Method 9.  When meteoro-
logical conditions permitted, observations were performed during stack gas
sampling runs for particulate and TOC/extractable hydrocarbons loading,
trace metals, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.  Readings were per-
formed when there was  a clear blue sky background.  The clear blue sky
background was required for detectin of emissions caused by condensed hydro-
carbons in the plume.

5.1.2  Process Water Sampling

     Scrubber water influent and effluent samples were collected during the
field testing program.  Scrubber water was contained in two ponds located
near the venturi scrubber.  Water supplied to  the scrubber was pumped from
the end of one pond through a floating intake  line.  Water from the scrubber
flows by gravity to the opposite end of the second pond.  A dike across the
two ponds  served as  a  weir to facilitate  settling of solids.   Following are
descriptions of sampling methods for the scrubber water streams.

     Scrubber Water Sample Collection—Samples of the process water pumped
to the venturi scrubber were collected at the floating intake pump.  The
venturi scrubber return water  samples were collected at the bottom of the
venturi as the water was gravity fed to the settling pond.  Samples were
collected in 500 ml amber glass bottles with  Teflon® liners.  An attempt was
made to collect at least three samples during  each particulate and IOC/- •
extractable hydrocarbons loading, trace metals, and  polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons run.
                                   5-17

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RADIAN
     Scrubber Water Flow Rate—The  total  flow rate of water to the venturi
and to the venturi throat was monitored using Signet  Scientific paddle-wheel
Flosensors®  The Flosensors© were  installed  in vertical sections of pipe on
the discharge side of the pump.  Installation of the sensors in this manner
was necessary to ensure that  flow of water covers the entire cross-sectional
area of the pipes for an accurate measure of flow rate which is based upon
stream velocity.  The Flosensors® were coupled with analog read-out devices
which include flow accumulators.  Flow rate data was recorded several times
during each particulate and TOC/extractable hydrocarbons loading, trace metals,
and PAH run.  The data was recorded by MRI personnel.

     Scrubber Water Temperature and pH—At the times of collection of ven-
turi scrubber water samples,  the temperature and pH of the stream were
measured.   Temperature was measured by direct insertion of a mercury thermo-
meter into the water stream at  the  collection point.  pH measurements were
performed using an Orion digital hand-held pH meter.  The pH meter was
standardized with pH 7  and pH 10 buffers  just prior to each set of measure-
ments.  The pH of the venturi influent water was measured by direct inser-
tion of the pH probe  into the pond  at the collection point.  Effluent
scrubber water pH was measured  at the sampling location in  a collected
beaker of the water.

     MRI measured the temperature of the  pond water at the  location of the
scrubber water intake pump and  at the scrubber water return location.  These
measurements were taken using a mercury  thermometer.

5.1.3  Process Solids Sampline

     Three process solids streams were sampled;

     o    virgin aggregate,
                                   5-18

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RADIAN
     o    recycled asphalt  pavement, and

     o    asphalt.

     The sampling .and analytical requirements for virgin aggregate and
recycled asphalt pavement were the  same.  The two streams are belt-conveyed
individually from storage hoppers to the drum mixer.  Samples were collected
from the belt  conveyors in  a  large  collection tray.  The samples  were rif-
fled to obtain a representative sample  and taken directly to the  mobile
laboratory for moisture analysis.  At least one sample was  collected and
analyzed for moisture during  each particulate and TOC/extractable hydrocarbons
loading, trace metals, and  polynuclear  aromatic  hydrocarbons run.  Addi-
tional samples of the virgin  aggregate  and recycled asphalt pavement were
collected for storage.

     Samples of the asphalt were collected during the testing program in
one-gallon metal cans.  No  analyses have -as  yet  been performed.

5.1.4  Process Parameters

     MRI was responsible for monitoring the  venturi pressure drop across the
venturi scrubber.  Radian installed connections  in the ductwork just before
and after the  venturi.  Tubes were  fitted to the two locations and connected
to a Magnehelie® differential pressure  gauge.  MRI was also responsible for
monitoring the water flow rate to the venturi throat and total flow to the
venturi scrubber.

5.2  ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY

     The previous section described sampling procedures.  This section des-
cribes the analytical procedures and points out where samples  for analysis
were retrieved from the various sample  streams.
                                   5-19

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RADIAN
     The majority of analyses for this project were performed at Radian's
Austin laboratories.   Samples  for analysis resulted  from the following:

     o    particulate, TOC/extractable hydrocarbons  sampling train
          for controlled and uncontrolled air  emissions;

     o    particulate, TOC/extractable hydrocarbons, and trace metals
          sampling train for controlled and uncontrolled air emissions;

     o    polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons sampling train for controlled and
          uncontrolled air emissions;

     o    scrubber water to and  from the venturi; and

     o    virgin aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement.

     Figures 5-7 through 5-10 present analytical schemes  for the  three samp-
ling trains and scrubber waters.  These  figures indicate where samples were
retrieved from the various systems  and the analyses performed.  The follow-
ing analyses were performed:

     o    gravimetric analysis of solvent rinses,

     o    gravimetric analysis of ether chloroform extract of impingers,

     o    total organic carbon,

     o    major organics and benzo(a)pyrene,

     o    trace metals,

     o    total solids,
                                  5-20

-------
Ui

NJ
                                          I'.n t leulal u Semitic Tula
                                  Krunl Hail  Probe
 Ho. 1
Accloltu
                                        Nu. '2
                          Uiy;
                                     Dry;
                                                                                                  Back lljlf lioplngur Solution/Rinses
                                                                                             lm|tJngur SolutloiiH
                                                                                              (0.1N HaOII) and
                                                                                              O.IN HdOII Ulnae
                                                              A) IqilUt
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AJjust pll to
7 with MCI
CoudLMtslblu Extract
wllll ttlle./
Cli loro form


Dry; UulKh
                                                                                            Dry;
                                                                                                                                                   9
                        Figure 5-7.   Partlculate  and  condensible  hydrocarbons  sample  recovery  analytical  matrix.

-------
Ul
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       K.anllv, (,„,;)
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                                                                                                                                      ( WIIM

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                      Figure  5-8   Particulate,  extractable hydrocarbons,  and trace metals sample

                                     recovery analytical  matrix.

-------
                                Kruut 11,111 Probe H Iniiu/H ) ler
Back Half XAD-2 Resin and Inplnger
          Solution
Ul
 I
N>
                                                                                        Suxlilet txtracclon
                                                                                         ullh He thy Itnn
                                                                                            Chloride
                                                                                                                     Implnger Solut lull
                                                                                                                        (11,0) with
                                                                                                                    Mfthylene ChlorlJi.-
                                                                                                                          Rinse
                           Figure  5-9.   Polynuclear  aromatic  hydrocarbons sample recovery  analytical matrix.

-------
t_n
 I
                                                                        Soxlilet Rxlract
                                                                        with Methylcnu
                                                                           Chturlde
l-'.xlriict wlih
 II^Ss, IIIHI,,
  anil H,l>,,
                                                                                                                                             __
                                    Figure  5-10.  Scrubber water  samples analytical matrix.

-------
 RADIAN
 COgfOitATKMi
     o    pK and temperature, and

     o    moisture.

     Gravimetric Analysis of Solvent  Rinses—The sampling train for particu-
 late and TOC/extractable organics and  the  train which combined trace metals with
 particulate and TOC/extractable organics produced several solvent rinses requiring
 gravimetric analysis.  The solvent rinses  included:

     o    acetone probe rinse,

     o    trichloroethane probe rinse, and

     o    trichloroethane rinse of impingers  and associated glassware.

     The rinse samples were placed in  glass bottles and transported to
 Radian's Austin laboratories for analysis.  The volume of solvent in each
 sample was determined gravimetrical ly and  then the entire sample was evap-
 orated at room temperature.   The sample could not be dried at elevated
 temperatures because of the potential  loss of hydrocarbons.   When dry,
 the sample was desiccated and weighed  to a constant weight.

     The residue in the solvent rinses collected during the trace metals
 runs was dissolved in HC1, HNOo, and IL^  and was analyzed by Inductively
 Coupled Argon Plasma  Emissions  Spectroscopy  (ICAPES).

     Gravimetric Analysis of Extractable Organics—The extractable organics
 sample consisted of the EPA Method 5E  "back-half" trichloroethane rinse and
 0.1N NaOH impinger solution and  rinse described in Section 5.1.1.

     Analysis of the trichloroethane "back-half" rinse consisted of  several
 steps.   First,  the  volume of each rinse sample was determined gravimetric-
ally.  Each rinse sample was then transferred to a clean and preweighed
beaker.   The rinse  samples were then allowed to  evaporate to dryness at room
                                  5-25

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RADIAN
temperature.   The beakers  were  dessicated for 24 hours and then weighed
to a constant weight.   A constant  weight  is defined as two weighings that
agree within 0.5  mg or  1 percent  of  the  residue  mass.

     Each trichloroethane rinse sample was corrected for the solvent blank.
The actual magnitude  of the solvent  blank correction was dependent upon the
volume  of  trichloroethane present in each sample.   To determine the magni-
tude of the trichloroethane blank, a known volume of unused trichloroethane
solvent was  evaporated  using the above procedure.   The mass of residue remain-
ing after evaporation was  then  correlated to the volume of trichloroethane
to generate a blank correction factor  (mg of blank residue/volume of tri-
chloroethane in the sample).

     The extractable  organics content  of  the NaOH impinger samples was
determined using  the  following  procedure.  First, a  400 ml  sample aliquot
was adjusted to pH 7  using HC1  to  improve extraction efficiency.  The
sample was then extracted  with  three portions of a 3:1  mixture of chloroform
and diethyl ether for a total of 200 mis. The solvent was then filtered.
The filtrate was evaporated  to dryness at room  temperature (70-75°) and
weighed to a constant weight  following desiccation.  The trichloroethane
rinse of the  impingers and associated glassware  was  also evaporated to
dryness and weighed and the mass of  residue added to the ether/chloroform
extraction mass.  The summed results were related to the gas sample volume
to determine the gas  phase concentration  of extractable organics.

     The TOC  content of  the EPA Method 5E sodium hydroxide impinger solution
was determined instrumental ly during this program.  A 20 ml aliquot of the
NaOH impinger solution was acidified with HnSO* and then sparged with nitro-
gen gas to remove any inorganic carbon.

     The sample was then analyzed  using a Beckman 915B Total Carbon Analy-
zer.   The  TOC concentration of  the sample was determined by comparing the
                                  5-26

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RADIAN
sample results with the results of standards  prepared  with potassium hydro-
gen phthalate.  Blank TOC corrections were not required  because of insig-
nificant TOC blank values.

     This procedure differed from that proposed in  EPA Reference Method 5E
in that Method 5E specifies  analyzing for  inorganic carbon total carbon and
subtracting inorganic carbon from total carbon to give total organic carbon.

     Maior Organics and Benzo(a)Pvrene—Major organics and  benzo(a)pyrene
were analyzed by gas chromatography-tnass  spectrometry  (GO-MS) in samples
retrieved from the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons sampling train and
scrubber water samples.  The analytical scheme quantifies benzo(a)pyrene
(BaP)  and a group of isomers of BaP, several major polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH),  and several major organic compounds.  The PAHs and major
organic compounds which were analyzed were  selected based upon relative peak
heights of the GC-MS scan.

     The samples produced in the PAH sampling train were the methylene
chloride (MeCI^) probe rinse, the filter,  the condensate, the XAD-2 resin,
and resin trap MeCLo rinse.  The filter and XAD-2 resin  were extracted
individually  in  soxhlet  extractors for 24 hours each with MeCI^.  The MeCI^
rinses of the probe and resin were incorporated in the soxhlet  extractions.

     Scrubber water samples were collected and filtered  on-site and the
filtrate stored in amber glass bottles with Teflon® liners, and kept cold
prior to analysis.

     Organic analyses were  performed  by GC-MS for  both  benzo(a)pyrene  (BaP)
and related polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).  Table 5-2 lists the PAH com-
pounds which were quantified.

     Isotopically labeled benzo(a)pyrene-d^2  was added to all samples prior
to extraction as a check on extraction efficiency.  Table 5-3 summarizes the
analytical conditions which were employed for the GC-MS  analyses.
                                   5-27

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RADIAN
          TABLE 5-2.  POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS DETERMINED BY GC-MS


     Phenanthrenes (178)                 Benzopyrenes (252)

        Phenanthrene                       Benzo(a)pyrene
        Anthracenes                        Benzo(e)pyrene
                                           Perylene
     Pyrenes (202                          Benzo(b)fluoranthrene
                                           Benzo(j)fluoranthrene
        Pyrene                             Benzo(k)fluoranthene
        Fluoranthene
                                        Benzoperylenes (276)
     Chrysenes (278)
                                           Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
        Chrysene                           Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene
        Benz(a)anthracene
        Triphenylene

 Note:   The molecular weight of each group is  shown in parentheses.
                           TABLE 5-3.   GC-MS  CONDITIONS
           Operating Parameter                  Experimental Conditon


           Instrument                           Hewlett Packard 5985A
           lonization voltage                   70eV

           Scan rate                            1 scan/second

           Scan range                           40 •*•  450 amu

           Column                               SE54 fused silica capillary
           H2 flow rate                         30 cm/sec

           Initial temp                         25°

           Initial hold                         2.0 min

           Program rate                         8°/min

           Final temp                           300°C

           Final hold                           20 min

           Injector temp                        25°C

           Injection                            Cool on-column
           Sample size                          1 pL
                                     5-28

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RADIAN
     Trace Metals—The concentrations of the following trace metals were
determined in the controlled and uncontrolled air emissions and influent and
effluent scrubber waters.

     nickel                   lead                     vanadium
     calcium                  manganese                iron
     chromium                 magnesium                zinc
     cadmium                  beryllium                aluminum
     mercury

     The analysis for trace metals was  performed using Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICAPES).  The  technique combines the
multielemental  capabilities of  emission spectroscopy with  a radio-frequency
generated argon plasma source.

     The sample  is aspirated into the argon plasma which may reach tempera-
tures of 10,000°K.   The emission is focused  onto  a grating which diffracts
the light according to the Paschen Runge theory.   The diffracted light
bands are passed through  slits selected for  each  element of interest and
measured by photomu Itip lier tubes.  The system  is  computer-controlled which
allows for simultaneous multielement determinations  by comparing the elec-
trical charge of each photomu Itip lier  tube to the current  measured during
standardization. ICAPES  also provides  automatic  background correction
to adjust for matrix interferences.

     The Radian system is an ARL Model  34000B which  is  capable of analyzing
up to 40 elements simultaneously with detection limit of 1 to  5 ppmv.

     Solid samples were dissolved  into an acidic solution  of HC1, HNO-j, and
H-Ort for analysis.

     Scrubber Water TOG Analysis—The TOC content of scrubber water filtrate
samples was determined  instrumental ly during this program.  A 20 ml sample
                                  5-29

-------
aliquot was acidified with l^SO^  and  then sparged with nitrogen gas to
remove any inorganic carbon.   The sample was  then analyzed using a Beckman
915B Total Carbon Analyzer.  The  TOC concentration of the sample was deter-
mined by comparing the sample results with  the results of standards prepared
using potassium hydrogen phthalate.

     Total Solids—Total solids  in the scrubber waters were determined by
the analysis of total suspended solids  (TSS) and  total dissolved solids(TDS)
on-site.   During each test  run, samples of the influent and effluent venturi
scrubber waters were  collected.   Samples were filtered through one  filter to
determine a composite TSS concentration by measuring the residue  collected
on the filter and relating the mass to the  volume of scrubber water deter-
mined gravimetrically.  The TDS concentration in the resulting composite
sample was determined by measuring a 50 milliliter aliquot of the sample
into a tared 100 milliliter beaker and evaporating  to dryness at 105°C,
desiccating the sample, and weighing.   The concentration of TDS is  the mass
of residue remaining  related  to the volume  of the aliquot.

     pH and Temperature—Samples  of the influent and effluent venturi scrub-
ber waters were collected during  each particulate and TOC/extractable hydro-
carbons loading and PAH runs. pH measurements were performed at the samp-
ling  location during sample collection with a hand-held  pH meter.

     Scrubber water temperatures  were monitored  at  the sampling location
during sample collection using a mercury thermometer.

     Moisture—During each particulate and TOC/extractable hydrocarbons
loading,  trace metals, and/or polynuclear aromatic  hydrocarbon run, at least
one sample of the virgin aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement were col-
lected for moisture analysis. The samples were collected  in a large tray,
riffled to obtain a representative sample and taken directly to the on-site
mobile laboratory for moisture analysis.  In the mobile  lab, approximately
600 grams  of  the material was weighed into  an aluminum pan and dried over-
night at  105°C.  The sample was  then weighed to within +0.1  gram.
                                   5-30

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RADIAN
5.3  DATA REDUCTION

     This section provides a discussion of the data reduction procedures
used to process the raw data generated during  this  sampling program.  EPA
referenced data reduction procedures were used whenever possible.  When an
EPA referenced data reduction procedure was not available, a detailed des-
cription of the data reduction procedure is  provided.   Further information
is given in Appendix B.

5.3.1  Gas Stream Sampling Data Reduction

     Data reduction procedures  and  equations used for gas stream sampling
data reduction were taken from applicable parts of 40 CFR 60, Appendix A.
Raw field data were reduced to engineering units using  Radian's Source
Sampling Data Reduction Computer Program.  Copies of the  data reduction
printouts are presented in Appendix A.   As a verification check of the
computer reduction, several runs were hand calculated using the equations
outlined in Appendix B.  No significant differences were found.

     Farticulate Mass Emission Rate Data Reduction

     In order to allow a review of  possible  effects introduced by anisoki-
netic sampling into the normal mass emission rate calculations, two methods
were used to  calculate mass emission rates for the  particulate mass emission
runs.  The method normally used to  calculate particulate mass emission rates
is the concentration method.  This method involves  multiplying the particu-
late loading (sample mass divided by gas sample volume) by the volumetric
gas flow rate.   The second particulate mass emission rate calculation method
is the area-ratio method.   Based  on the area-ratio  method, the sample mass
is divided by the sampling time and then multiplied by  the ratio of the
stack area to nozzle area to obtain the particulate mass flow rate.
                                   5-31

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RADIAN
     Equation:
          (m/t) x (A/A) = HER
where:   m = mass of particulate matter collected during sampling (pounds)
         t = elapsed sampling time (hours)
        Ag = area of stack (square feet)
        An = area of nozzle (square feet)
         HER = mass emission rate (pounds  per hour)

     The difference between the  emission rates calculated by these two
methods is an estimate of the maximum bias  in the measured emission rate due
to anisokinetic sampling.  Table 2-5  includes particulate emission rates
calculated using the concentration method and the area-ratio method.  The
average particulate emission rate listed in Table 2-5 was used  as the true
value  for the particulate  emission runs that were outside of the isokinetic
sampling limit of 100 i 10 percent.

     Total Organic  Carbon (TOG)  Emissins Data Reduction

     Equation:
                          (TOC(L)  xVt)  -  (TOC(B)  xVT)
                 T
                   '(g)                DGV
     Nomenclature:
                 TOC, .  = Total organic  carbon  in  gas phase, mg/dscm
                    \ QS
                 TOC, .  = Total organic  carbon  in  impinger  catch, mg/1
                 TOC, .  = Total organic  carbon  in  the impinger blank,
                          mg/1
                 V  = Total volume of  impinger  catch, 1
                 DGV = Volume of gas sampled, standard conditions
                       dry standard cubic  meters,  dscm
                                   5-32

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RADIAN
     Trace Metals Emission Data Reduction

     Equation:
            (E)
     Nomenclature:
                  A + T + (CxCT)  + F +  (S  x  ST) + N x N )
TM,
                ~ Total  trace  metal  specie mass concentration, pg/dscm
          A - Total concentration  of trace metal specie in acetone
              probe wash,  ug

          T = Total concentration  of trace metal specie in trichloro-
              ethane probe wash, yg

          C = Concentration of  trace metal in the cyclone catch,  yg/g

          CT = Total weight of  cyclone solids, g

          F = Total concentration  of trace metal specie in the filter,
              Ug

          S = Concentration of  trace metal in the NaOH impinger,  ug/ml

          S  = Total volume of  NaOH impinger catch, ml

          N = Concentration of  trace metal in the nitric acid impinger,
              yg/ml

          N  = Total volume of  the nitric acid impinger, ml

          DGV = Dry gas volume, standard conditions, dry standard
               cubic meters  (dscm)

     Particle Size Distribution Data Reduction  (AHCSSl


     The procedure for calculating the particle size distribution of the

particulate  caught by the AHCSS was taken directly from the operating manual

for the AHCSS.


     Add up the weight gains for the four stages to obtain the total parti-

culate collected.


     Divide  the amount collected  in an individual  stage by the total  amount

collected to determine the percentage of the total collected  in  each stage.
                                   5-33

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RADBAN
     Starting with stage  4  (backup filter) compute the cumulative percent
less than the staged  size range.  The cumulative percent less than stage 3
(the cyclone) is  equal  to the percent caught in stage 4.  The cumulative
percent less than stage 2 is the  sum of the percent caught on stage 3 and
the percent caught on stage 4.  The  cumulative percent  less than stage 1 is
the sum of the percents caught on stages 4, 3, and 2.
                                                  o
     Particle density is  considered  to be  1.0 gm/cnr and the particles are
considered to be  spherical.  Particle sizes are  reported as  equivalent
aerodynamic diameters.

     Using Figure 5-11 with gas flow rate  at stack conditions and stack
temperature,  determine  the  d^Q  (50%  Effective Cut Off Diameter) for each
stage.

     Plot the results on  log probability graph paper with the particle
diameter (den) as the ordinate  and the cumulative percent less than the
stated size range by weight as  the abscissa.

     Polynuclear  Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Emissions Data Reduction

     Equation:
                   P
          PAH
             (G) = Concentrac:i-on °f pAH specie  in  flue gas, yg/dscm
       (G)    DGV
Nomenclature:
     PAH
     P_ = Total  concentration of PAH specie, yg
     B =  Specie  blank, pg
     DGV  =• dry gas volume, standard conditions, dscm
                                  5-34

-------
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                     Figure  5-11.   Gas flow rate at  stack conditions and stack  temperature.

-------
RAOBAN
5.3.2  Process Sampling Data Reduction





       PAH in Scrubber Water Data Reduction
       Equation:



            PAH
             ^(W)    0.4



       Nomenclature:



            PAH.  .  =  Concentration of  PAH in the  scrubber  water,  yg/liter
               \w i


            P/Tx  =  Total concentration of PAH specie,  ug



            0.4 = Volume of  scrubber water extracted,  liter



       PAH  in Scrubber  Solids  Data Reduction



       Equation:



            PAH    = !ill
            PAH(s)    s



       Nomenclature:



            PAH    = Concentration of  PAH specie  in  scrubber  solids,  ug/gram



            PJ.-S  =  Total concentration of PAH specie,  yg



            S = Weight  of scrubber solids extracted, g





       Weight  Percent  Solids  Data Reduction


       Equation:
       Nomenclature:




            S(WT)= Wei§ht  7' solids



            F(p)  = Final filter weight,  g



            F(T-)  = Filter  tare weight, g



            W(T)  = WeiSht  of  scrubber water  filtered,  g



            100 =  conversion  from fraction to percent






                                   5-36

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l--'tal Dissolved Solids Data Reduction




Equation:





     — H^





Nomenclature:



     IDS = Total dissolved solids, mg/1



     W,   = Weight of beaker and residue after evaporation,




     W, . = Beaker tare weight, mg



     0.05 = Volume of solution evaporated, liter
                              5-37

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                                 SECTION 6
                             QUALITY ASSURANCE

     Quality assurance/quality control guidelines outline pertinent steps
during the production of analytical and emission  data to ensure the accept-
ability and reliability of  the data generated.  The measures outlined in
this segment were followed to ensure the  production of quality data from the
sampling and analytical efforts.

6.1  STANDARD QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES

     QA/QC procedures are followed during sampling and analysis to
ensure that the data generated are  of acceptable  quality.  These quality
control and quality assurance procedures are used during EPA reference
method sampling and/or routine analysis.  Additional QA/QC procedures may be
called for  on  a  site—specific basis. This  section describes QA/QC proce-
dures applicable to the methods used, as  well as  specific procedures used
during this test program.

6.1.1  Sampling Equipment Preparation

     The checkout and calibration of source  sampling equipment is vital to
maintaining data quality. Referenced calibration procedures were strictly
adhered to when available, and all results were documented  and  retained.  If
a referenced calibration technique  for  a  particular piece of apparatus is
not available, then a state-of-the-art  technique  was documented and fol-
lowed.  Table 6-1 summarizes the  parameters  of  interest and the types of
sampling equipment that were used to measure each parameter.  The techniques
                    «
used to calibrate the equipment are as  follows:
                                    6-1

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TABLE 6-1  SUMMARY OF CALIBRATED EQUIPMENT USED IN PERFORMING SOURCE SAMPLING

Paramett
Volumetric Gas
Flow Rate
Gas Phase
Composition
Moisture
Molecular
Weight
Particulate
Mass & TOG/
Extractable
Hydrocarbons
Trace Metals
Polynuclear
Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Particle Size
Distribution
Calibrated Equipment Used in Measuring Parameters
Type-S Differential Temperature Gas
Pitot Pressure Measuring Metering Isokinetic
er Tube Gauge Device System Orsat Nozzles
EPA-1, * * *
EPA- 2

EPA-4 * * *
EPA- 3 *
Modified * * * * * *
EPA-5E
Modified * * * * * *
EPA- 5
Modified * * * * * *
EPA- 5
* * * * A *
                                                                                             p

                                                                                             5
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     o    Prior to sampling  all  equipment was cleaned and checked
          to ensure operability.

     o    Equipment requiring  pretest  calibration  (Table 6-1) was
          calibraed in accordance  with "Quality Assurance Handbook
          for Air Pollution  Measurements Systems,  Volume III,
          Stationary Source  Specific Methods," (EPA 600 4-77-027b).

     o    Equipment calibration  forms  were  reviewed for completeness
          to ensure acceptability  of the equipment required for each
          specific application.

     o    The Andersen Mark  III  Impactor and AHCSS were cleaned and
          visually inspected.

     o    Each component of  the  various sampling systems was carefully
          packaged for shipment.

     o    Upon arrival on site—the equipment was  unloaded, inspected
          for possible damage, assembled for use,  and checked for
          operability.

6.1.2  Collection of Samples

     The most important aspect of  sample collection is obtaining a valid
sample.  This section focuses  on measures taken to obtain valid  samples.
Those measures were:

     o    Pretest and posttest leak checks  of the  sampling trains
          were made.

     o    The sampling systems were visually  inspected prior to
          sampling to ensure proper assembly  and operability.
                                   6-3

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     o    The S-type pitot tubes were  leak  checked  before  and  after
          sampling and inspected for damage.

     o    The Magnehelic® gauges were  leveled  and zeroed prior to
          s amp 1 ing .

     o    Temperature measurement systems were visually checked for
          damage and operability by measuring  the ambient  temperature
          prior to each sampling run.

     o    The nozzles were visually inspected  for damage before and
          after each sampling  run.

     o    The Andersen Mark III  Impactor and AHCSS  were preheated
          to minimize condensation  of  water  in the  particle sizing
          device.

     o    Data requirements were reviewed prior to  each sampling run.

     o    Ice was maintained in  the icebaths during all sampling runs.

     o    Number and location  of sampling ports were checked prior to
          each sampling run.

     o    Sampling ports were  sealed to help prevent possible  air
          inleakage.

     The molecular weight of the flue gas  was  determined using EPA Reference
Method 3 (4).  Quality control for  Method 3  focused on the following:

     o    The sampling train was purged prior  to sample collection.

     o    The Orsat analyzer was leveled and the fluid levels  zeroed
          prior to use.
                                    6-4

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   ADIAN
     o    The Orsat analyzer was  leak-checked prior to use.

     o    The Orsat analyzer was  thoroughly purged with sample prior
          to analysis.

     o    Analyses were repeated  until the analysis agreed within
          0.3% absolute.

     o    The Orsat absorbing solutions were changed when more than six
          passes were required to obtain a stable reading of any component.

     The moisture determinations  were made simultaneous with the modified
EPA Reference Method 5E.  Quality control procedures for Method 4 focused on
the following:

     o    Before and after sampl-ing each impinger was carefully weighed
          to the nearest 0.02 g.   Care was taken to see the impingers
          were dry and the stopcock grease was  removed from the ball joints
          prior to each weighing.

     The particulate  loading determinations  were performed using a modified
EPA Reference Method 5E.  Quality control procedures for this method focused
on the following:

     o    Prior to particulate sampling preliminary velocity, temperature,
          and moisture determinations were made.  This aided in calculating
          isokinetic flow rates.

     o    Prior to sampling, particulate filters were baked, desiccated
          and weighed.  They were then placed in clean petri dishes until
          used.

     o    Particulate filters were handled with tweezers.
                                   6-5

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RADIAH
     The visible opacity of  controlled  emissions were observed using EPA
Reference Method 9.  Quality control procedures for this method focused on
the following;

     o    The visible  emissions observer was certified within six months
          of the test  program.

     o    The location of the observer was independently verified„

     o    A clear blue sky was required to ensure valid visible emission
          observations.

6.1.3  Sample Recovery

     To ensure data  integrity careful sample recovery techniques must be
adhered to.   This section outlines quality control procedures followed to
ensure data integrity.   These include:

     o    Particulate  filters were handled out of drafts and transferred
          with treezers.

     o    Sample trains  were disassembled and the samples recovered in
          clean areas  to prevent  contaminatin.

     o    The nozzle was capped prior to and following sampling.

     o    The samples  were transferred to appropriate storage containers
          and clearly  labeled.  Liquid levels were noted.

     o    Field blanks were  included for each method.  These consisted of
          (i.e. unused)  sampling  trains which were assembled, dis-
          assembled, recovered, and analyzed in the same manner as
          actual sampling trains  and samples.
                                   6-6

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     o    Samples were carefully labeled,  logged into the field logbook
          and assigned a unique  identification code immediately after
          collection.

     o    The impingers were rinsed  three  times with aliquots of
          fresh impinger solution.

6.1.4  Preparation of Samples for Analysis

     Prior to sample analysis each sample must be properly prepared.  This
section outlines quality control procedures used to ensure proper sample
preparation.  Included are:

     o    Each sample identification code was crosschecked for
          accuracy against the sample logbook.

     o    The analytical requirements of each sample were reviewed.

     o    The samples were checked for leakage or damage and any
          anomalies were noted.

6.1.5  Sample Analysis,

     The exact quality assurance/quality control procedures taken during
analysis were dependent on the specific analysis.  One or more of the fol-
lowing steps were taken:

     o    Duplicate analyses were performed on 5-15% of the samples.

     o    Internal QC samples were analyzed to verify instrument or
          procedural variance.

     o    Blind QC samples were  submitted  to the analytical lab along
          with the field generated samples.
                                    6-7

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     o    Blanks were analyzed  to  correct for background and/or matrix
          interferences.

     o    The samples were spiked  with known additions of the species
          of interest.

6.1.6  Data Reduction

     Several steps were taken to verify the correctness  of the data reduc-
tion.  Steps routinely used include:
     o
          Alternate procedures were used to reduce the data.  A common
          example is reducing source sampling data by using Radian's
          Source Sampling  Data Reduction Program and comparing selected
          results against  hand calculations.

     o    A certain percentage (approximately 10%) of the results were
          recalculated  from  raw data by someone unassociated with the
          original data reduction.

     o    The data was  carefully  checked for unexplained variance and
          internal consistency, i.e. are the results consistent with
          expected and/or  other results).

6.1.7  Data Documentation  and Verification

     Several measures were taken  to verify  the completeness and accuracy of
the data generated.   These include:

     o    All sampling  data  was recorded on preformated data sheets,

     o    Analytical results and  calculations were recorded in bound
          laboratory notebooks.
                                   6-8

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RADIAN
T* TWIT* Oi
     o    Data tables were made and reviewed for completeness and
          accuracy.

     o    All data that appeared to be outside expected  ranges were
          carefully scrutinized for process upsets  and reanalyzed as
          necessary.

     o    Data generated were compared to process operation and
          system upsets .

6.2  TEST PROGRAM SPECIFIC QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY  ASSURANCE PROCEDURES

     Each sampling site presents its own  individual problems and peculiari-
ties.  Because of this any QA/QC program  must  be  custom  tailored to each
specific site.  This section presents  the procedures  that were specific to
the T.J.  Campbell asphalt concrete sampling program.

6.2.1  Sampling Equipment Preparation

     This section outlines equipment modifications  that  were used during
this program to ensure the sample data produced were  valid.  These measures
are in addition to the standard equipment calibration and checkout proce-
dures outlined in Section 6.1.1.  These include:

     o    Variacs were used to control the probe  heater  temperature.

     o    Inline thermocouples were installed  to  monitor the gas
          stream temperature as it exited the  filter  holder.

     o    A time-proportioning temperature controller was used to control
          the hot box temperature to within +10°F.
                                    6-9

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     o    Particulate filters  used  during polynuclear aromatic
          hydrocarbon sampling were methylene chloride extracted
          prior to use and stored  in  glass petri dishes.

     o    All glassware used during sampling was specially cleaned.

     All particulate mass collection filters were  baked at 500°F prior to
use.  They were then desiccated, weighed, and placed in clean petri dishes.
The particulate filters used during polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon sampling were
extracted with methylene chloride, baked  at  500°F, and stored after weighing
in methylene chloride rinsed glass petri dishes.

     All glassware used during sampling was cleaned as follows:

     o    The glassware was first  washed  thoroughly with laboratory
          soap and water.

     o    The glassware was kiln-fired at 500°C for 18 hours.

     o    After the glassware  cooled, it  was rinsed with methylene
          chloride and all the ball joints were capped with aluminum
          foil.

6.2.2.2  Preliminary Measurements—
     This section outlines QC  checks  and  measurements performed prior to
sampling to assist in the calculation of  anisokinetic sampling rate.  These
include:

     o    A check for cyclonic or  turbulent  flow was performed prior
          to sampling at the uncontrolled emissions sampling 'location.

     o    Preliminary velocity, temperature and moisture determinations
          were performed to aid in conducting isokinetic sampling.
                                   6-11

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RADIAN
     o    Wet bulb/dry  bulb moisture determinations were performed
          prior to individual  sampling runs.

     It was discovered  early into the sampling program that the moisture
content of the scrubber inlet  could vary  drastically from run  to run.  For
this reason preliinary  moisture determinations were performed to calculate
accurate isokinetic sampling rates prior  to each sampling  run.

6.2.2.3  Sampling Procedures—
     This section outlines measures taken to ensure that valid and repre-
sentative samples were  collected.  The measures include:

     o    Approximately 10 pound aggregate samples were taken.   The
          samples were  riffled to produce the 600 gram sample used to
          determine the moisture content.

     o    Two to four scrubber water samples were taken during  each
          sampling run.  The samples were composited and all subsequent
          analyses were performed on the  composite sample.

     o    All glassware except the silica gel impinger was wrapped
          with aluminum foil during the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon
          sampling runs to help prevent photodegradation of the
          organic species.

6.2.3  Sample Recovery

     This section outlines special QA/QC  measures taken during sample re-
covery.  These measures  are in addition to particulate filter handling,
performance of field blanks, labeling  and logging  in of samples and other
steps outlined in Section 6.1.3.   Measures taken to further ensure the
integrity of the samples during recovery  include:

     o    Incandescent  lighting was used  during recovery of the
                                   6-12

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RADIAN
          polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon sampling  trains.  This was to
          reduce the chance of photodegradation  of the organic
          species by ultraviolet light.

     o    Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon samples were stored in amber
          glass bottles with teflon lid  inserts  to prevent photo-
          degradation and/or contamination of  the sample during
          storage and transport.

     o    Particulate filters used during  the  polynuclear aromatic
          hydrocarbon sampling runs were stored  after use in glass
          petri dishes.  The petri dishes  were wrapped in aluminum
          foil to prevent possible photodegradation  of the sample.

6.2.4  Preparation of Samples for Analysis

     Quality control procedures incorporated during  the preparation of the
samples for analysis are outlined  in this section.   These were in addition
to visually checking the samples for damage and  ensuring proper labeling and
other procedures outlined  in  Section 6.1.4.  These measures include:

     o    Sample matrix sheets were developed  as an  aid in analytical
          preparation and as a flow diagram for  the  actual analysis.

     o    Each polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon  sample was spiked with
                                     I 9
          deuterated benzo(a)pyrene-d    prior  to sample extrac-
          tion as a QC check on extraction efficiency.

     o    Particulate filters and impactor substrates were desiccated
          for at least 24 hours prior  to their first weighing.

     o    The particulate filters were weighed at 24-hour intervals
          to a constant weight.
                                   6-13

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RADIAN
6.2.5  Sgrnple Analysis

     This section outlines additional QC procedures  employed  during  the
program to evaluate the quality of the  analytical data.   These  procedures
are in addition to such measures  as duplicate analysis, blank analysis,
internal QC samples, and other measures outlined in Section 6.1.5.   Included
are:
          Immediately prior to sample  analysis  each polynuclear  aromatic
          hydrocarbon sample wa
          internal QC standard.
                                                   i *?
hydrocarbon sample was spiked with benzo(a)pyrene-d   as an
     o    Total organic carbon audit  samples were submitted  to  the
          analytical laboratory prior  to  the  submission of the  field  samples

     o    Field blanks were evaluated  to  determine  species background
          and possible contamination problems.

     The results of the total organic  carbon audit  samples are  presented  in
Table 6-2.  A statistical  evaluation of the audit samples is presented  in
Appendix 1.3.3.3.

     The results of the field blanks  are  presented  in Table  6-3.  The clean-
up results wre used to correct  the  anaytical  results for  background.
                                  6-14

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RADIAN
               TABLE 6-2.   SUMMARY OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
                           AUDIT  SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS
EPA Prepared Sample Results (9/9/83)


Sample No. Date of Analysis
EPA 1 10-28-83
EPA 2 thru
EPA 3 11-02-83
EPA 5
Radian Prepared Sample Results


Sample No. Date of Analysis
Set 1 - Submitted 11-30-83
Radian #1
Radian #2
Radian #3
Radian #4
Radian #5
Radian #6
Set 2 - Submitted 12-12-83
Radian //I1
Radian #2
Radian #3
Radian #4
Radian #5
Radian #6
(A)
Actual
Values
4.1
61.2
61.2
4.1

(A)
Actual
Values

80
40
80
4
4
40

801
202
20 *
802
801
201
(R)
Radian Analysis
Values (mg/L)
4.5
70
69
3

(R)
Radian Analysis
Values (mg/L)

85
45
81
4
3
41

85
21
19
84
77
21

Percent Error
R-A/A x 100
9.76
14.4
12.7
-26.8


Percent Error
R-A/A x 100

6.25
12.5
1.2
0
-25.0
2.5

6.25
5.0
-5.0
5.0
-3.75
5.0
 Sample in 0.1 in NaOH matrix
 2Sample in distilled water
                                     6-15

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                                              TABLE  6-3.   SUMMARY OF  CLEANUP RESULTS
cr>
Participate and Condenslble
Organic Sample Blanks
Front Half (mg)
Probe rinses
Back Half (mg)
Condensible hydrocarbons
Total organic carbon (mg/L)
Trace Metals Sample Blanks
Train 1
Uncontrolled

Element Filter Blank
Al <.5
Be <0.5
Ca <3
Cd <0.2
Cr <0.1
Fe <0.8
llg <3
Mg <3
Mn <0.1
Ni <0.3
Pb <8
V <6
Zn <0.6
Train
1
NaOH Blank
<.05
<0.0005
<0.002
<0.001
<0.008

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