SEPA v UIJ^Q 07 £ ivironmentai Protection o.—... a—-_ "" o » f. i Agency «»»nington. DC 20460 February 1991 DESCRIPTIONB OF 6 SITES PLACED CM THE FINAL NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST IN FEBRUARY 1991 This document consists of descriptions of the 6 sites placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in February 1991. Also included as an addendum are descriptions of 14 sites being dropped from the proposed NPL at this time. The size of the site is generally indicated, based on information available at the time the site was scored using the Hazard Ranking System. The size may change as additional information is gathered on the sources and extent of contamination. Sites are arranged alphabetically by State (two-letter abbreviations) and by site name. Remedial Actions Under Superfund The Superfund program is managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), enacted on December 11, 1980, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), enacted on October 17, 1986. Under SARA, the "Hazardous Substances Superfund" pays the costs not assumed by responsible parties for cleaning up hazardous waste sites or emergencies that threaten public health, welfare, or the environment. In October 1990, SARA was extended to September 30, 1994. Two types of responses may be taken when a hazardous substance is released (or threatens to be released) into the environment: o Removal actions, emergency-type responses to imminent threats. SARA limits these actions to 1 year and/or $2 million, with a waiver possible if the actions are consistent with remedial actions. Removal actions can be undertaken by the private parties responsible for the releases or by the Federal Government using the Superfund. o Remedial responses, actions intended to provide permanent solutions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Remedial responses are generally longer-term and more expensive than removals. A Superfund remedial response can be taken only if a site is on the NPL. After publishing two preliminary lists and proposing a formal list, EPA published the first NPL in September 1983. The list must be updated at least annually. The money for conducting a remedial response or removal action at a hazardous waste site can come from several sources: o The individuals or companies responsible for the problems can clean up voluntarily with EPA or State supervision. o The responsible party or parties can be forced to clean up by Federal or State legal action. ------- o A State or local government can choose to assume the responsibility to clean up without Federal dollars. o Superfund can pay for the cleanup., then seek to recover the costs from the responsible party or parties. A remedial response financed by Superfund is an orderly process that generally involves the following steps: o Take any measures needed to stabilize conditions, which might involve, for example, fencing the site or removing above-ground drums or bulk tanks. o Undertake initial planning activities to scope out a strategy for collecting information and analyzing alternative cleanup approaches. o Conduct a remedial investigation to characterize the type and extent of contamination at the site and to assess the risks posed by that contamination . o Conduct a feasibility study to analyze various cleanup alternatives. The feasibility study is often conducted concurrently with the remedial investigation as one project. Typically, the two together take from 18 to 24 months to complete and cost approximately $1.3 million. o Select the cleanup alternative, after a period of public comment, that: — Protects human health and the environment. — Complies with Federal and State requirements that are applicable or relevant and appropriate — Is "cost effective" — that is, affords results proportional to the costs of the remedy — Uses permanent solutions and alternative treatment technologies or resource recovery technology to the maximum extent practicable o Design the remedy. Typically, the design phase takes 6 to 12 months to conplete and costs approximately $1.5 million. o Implement the remedy, which might involve, for example, constructing facilities to treat ground water or removing contaminants to a safe area away from the site. EPA expects the iitplementation (remedial action) phase to average out at about $25 million (plus any costs to operate and maintain the action) per site and to take 6 to 12 months. The State government can participate in a remedial response under Superfund in one of two ways: ------- The State cam take the lead role under a cooperative agreement, which is much like a grant in that Federal dollars are transferred to the State. The State then develops a workplan, schedule, and budget, contracts for any services it needs, and is responsible for making sure that all the conditions in the cooperative agreement are met. in contrast to a grant, EPA continues to be substantially involved and monitors the State's progress throughout the project. EPA can take the lead under a Super-fund State Contract, with the State having an advisory role. EPA, generally using contractor support, manages work early in the planning process. In the later design and implementation phases, contractors do the work under the supervision of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Under both arrangements, the State must share in the cost of the implementation phase of cleanup. ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous watte sits listed under trie Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1 986 EMROOLD SaCODNDUCICR CORP. (M3UNEADJ VIEW PLANT) Mountain View, California Conditions at J^ff^j" (October 19841; Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. manufactures semiconductors in Mountain View, Santa Clara county, California. The facility occupies approximately 56 acres and is surrounded by residential and industrial areas. This site was originally proposed under the name "Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp. (Mountain View Plant) . " Tne company took the new name in 1986. Monitoring walls on the site are contaminated with trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trlchloroethane, 1,1- and trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, according to analyses conducted by a consultant to Fairchild. Contamination is believed to have resulted from leaking underground tanks. About 270,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water. Since early 1982, Fairchild has been investigating the site geology and hydrogeology and attempting to define the lateral and vertical extent of solvents underlying the site. Fairchild has installed two wells to punp and treat the contaminated ground water plume. Tne company is working with the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) to further define the extent of contamination and outline various cleanup strategies. Tne plant received Interim Status under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) when the company filed Part A of a permit application. This is one of 19 sites in the South Bay Area of San Francisco. Facilities at these sites have used a variety of toxic chemicals, primarily chlorinated organic solvents, which contaminate a coiuun ground water basin. Although these sites are listed separately, EPA intends to apply an araawide approach to the problem as well as take specific action as necessary. fFebr"?ry 1,??^) ; Continuing to determine the extent of ground water contamination, Fairchild has installed more than 100 monitoring wells. On August 15, 1985, EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent under CERCLA Section 106 (a) to Fairchild 's Mountain View Plant, as well as to Intel Corp. 's and Raytheon Corp. 's Mountain View Plants. The order calls for the companies to conduct a joint remedial investigation/feasibility study of the area to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. Status (June 1988 > ; EPA is proposing to drop Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. 's Mountain View Plant from the proposed NFL. Because the site is a treatment and storage facility, it is subject to the corrective action authorities of RCRA Subtitle C. Fairchild now has 25 wells in operation that pump and treat contaminated ground water and has installed three underground slurry walls to control migration of contaminated ground water. EPA has sealed two abandoned agricultural wells that were carrying contamination to the deeper aquifers. EPA may also pursue cleanup under RCRA authorities and will ensure that the cleanup protects public health and the environment. EPA can later i ••TIL i JHJUII the site for the NPL if it determines that the owner or operator is unable or unwilling to clean up the site effectively. Status (^Vyrjffiry 1991 ) ; EPA is adding this site to the NPL because, although it is subject to RCRA Subtitle C, the transfer of primary responsibility from CERCLA to RORA would delay the overall cleanup of the site. United State* Environmental Protection Agency / RwwdW fteponM Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 SPECTRA-PHYSICS, INC. Mountain View, California Conditions at listing (June 1988) ; Spectra-Physics, Inc. (SP) has manufactured electronic equipment and gas lasers on Terra Bella Boulevard and Middlefield Roads in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, since 1961. The 11.5-acre site consists of nine buildings in a light industrial complex. SP uses a variety of cleansers, degreasers, and lubricants in its manufacturing processes, including isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl alcohol, trichloroethylene (TCE) , Freon, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) , and Solvasol Solvent 360. In an inspection conducted in 1981, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) found that areas where hazardous wastes were stored had no dikes or systems to collect leachate; rusty barrels were also found on-site. Ground water investigations began at the SP facility in September 1984 after tests at Teledyne Semiconductor (adjacent and downgradient of SP) indicated possible upgradient sources of contamination. (The Teledyne site was placed on the NPL in July 1987.) Soil and ground water collected at SP contained TCE, TCA, and 1,2-dichloroethylene. SP's plume of contaminated ground water has merged with Teledyne 's and •migrated off -site. More than 200 private drinking water wells had been drilled into the 1-square-mile plume. Most wells have been closed; 47 were found contaminated above State Action Levels. The owners now obtain water from municipal water supplies. An estimated 189,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. Teledyne is operating two extraction wells on-site — one in the shallow zone and one in the intermediate zone. The wells pump the water to the surface and discharge it to the sanitary sewer; the ground water is not treated before discharge. SP will evaluate the effectiveness of this system in preventing its on-site plume from migrating off -site. Both companies are jointly designing an off -site extraction system. San Francisco Bay (2.5. miles downstream of the site) is used for recreational activities. Permanente Creek is tidally influenced within 1 mile of the site. Several species of birds designated as endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are found within the area of tidal influence. 1991) : In February 1990, SP installed a vapor extraction system to reduce concentrations of contaminants in soil. Under an order issued by CRWQCB, SP conducted a remedial investigation/ feasibility study (RI/FS) to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and identify alternatives for remedial action. The RI/FS was completed in December 1990. In February 1991, CPWQCB will adopt a final cleanup and abatement order requiring SP to implement the best remedial alternative evaluated in the RI/FS. This alternative will include expanding the existing soil vapor extraction system and the ground water extraction system. In April 1991, EPA will complete a Record of Decision describing the selected remedy. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA1 as amended in 1986 KERR-MoGEE (KRESS CREEK/WEST BRANCH OF DUPAGE RIVER) DuPage County, Illinois Conditions at listing (October 1984): The Kerr-McGee (Kress Creek/ West Branch of DuPage River) Site includes about 1.5 miles of Kress Creek and 0.5 mile of the West Branch of the DuPage River in DuPage County, Illinois. About 20,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. In 1931, Lindsay Light & Chemical Co. established a mill in West Chicago for the extraction of thorium and nonradioactive elements from monazite and other ores. Later, the site was used for the manufacture of gaslight mantles (which contain thorium), mesothorium, and, during World War II, hydrofluoric acid. Ownership of the facility changed from Lindsay to American Potash & Chemical in 1958 and to Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. in 1967. Operations at the site continued until 1973, when Kerr-McGee, the current owner, closed the plant. Over the years, a portion of the wastes from the plant was discharged into Kress Creek, a tributary of the DuPage River, either via a storm sewer or drainage ditch. Radiation contamination, which is found to a depth of several feet along the stream, decreases with distance from the creek. Many of the highest levels are found near the storm sewer outfall. Water in the area is obtained from municipal and private wells within 3 miles of the site. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued an Order to Show Cause, dated March 21, 1984, requiring Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. to either prepare and implement a cleanup plan, or show it should not be required to do so. Status (January 1986); Because of an administrative error during the public comment period, EPA is extending the comment period on this site for an additional 60 days, Status (February 1991); In September 1988, Kerr McGee won a court hearing against NRC, allowing Kerr McGee to disregard NRC's order to clean up the creek. In October 1990, NRC ceded its regulatory authority over the site to the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 ANNE AHDNDEL COUNTY LANDFILL Glen Burnie, Maryland Conditions at: listing (June 1988): The Anne Arundel County Landfill covers 130 acres on East End Dover Street at Route 10 in Glen Burnie, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. An industrial park, homes, and a commercial area are nearby. From the late 1950s until 1970, 30 acres that were once a gravel pit served as a privately owned open dump. When the county took over daily operations in 1970, it capped the old dump with 1-2 feet of clay, planted vegetation, and installed 50 vents to release methane gas. Operations continued elsewhere on the site until 1982. According to a 1978 survey of waste disposal sites by the U.S. Congress (the "Ekhardt Report"), approximately 100 tons of inorganic salts and solids from Diamond Shamrock Corp. 's plant in Baltimore were deposited at the landfill during 1977-79. In August 1983, EPA detected trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, and chromium in monitoring wells at the site. The landfill overlies a recharge area of the Patapsco Formation, which supplies drinking water to municipal and private wells within 3 miles of the site. Tfle wells serve an estimated 93,000 people. The EPA tests also detected cadmium in Furnace Creek downstream of the site. The creek is tidally influenced as far as 1.5 miles upstream of the site. Status (February 1991); On September 7, 1990, the State signed a Consent Agreement with Anne Arundel County to (1) conduct a remedial investi- gation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and identify alternatives for remedial action and (2) design the remedy selected. In December 1990, the county, with State oversight, started field work on the remedial investigation. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 MIDVALE SLAG Midvale, Utah Conditions at listing (June 1986): Ihe Midvale Slag Site covers 300 acres in Midvale, Salt laJce County, Utah. Midvale (population 10,000) is part of the Salt Lake City Metropolitan area (population 936,000). Between 1902 and 1971, United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Co. smelted ores on the site to produce copper, gold, lead, and silver. The site consists of piles of slag estimated at 2 million tons that remain from the smelting operations. The smelter no longer exists. In 1971, Valley Materials, Inc., acquired the site and processes the slag into materials for railroad beds and asphalt highways. Testing by the Utah Department of Health indicated that the slag contaijis high concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals. The slag is found on the surface and down to a depth of 20 feet. Hence there is a potential for ground water contamination. Several municipal wells serving an estimated 440,000 people are within 3 miles of the site. The Jordan River, which forms the western boundary of the site, is not contaminated to date, according to tests conducted by EPA in May 1985. However, slag piles are as close as 50 feet to the river, causing concern that the river can become contaminated. Status (February 1991); EPA emergency staff is fencing the site to prevent people and animals from coming into direct contact with hazardous materials. In mid-1991, EPA plans to start a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and identify alternatives for remedial action. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WASATCH CHEMICAL CO. (LOT 6) Salt Lake City, Utah Conditions at listing (January 1987) ; The Wasatch Chemical Co. (Lot 6) Site covers 3.7 acres in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah. Wasatch began formulating various organic chemical products, including pesticides, on 15 acres in the early 1960s. Subsequently, the site was subdivided into parcels of 6 and 9 acres, which are now owned by two separate entities. Lot 6 has not been used since before 1980. The Utah Department of Health estimates that approximately 2,300 cubic yards of wastes have been disposed in a concrete pond and in drums on Lot 6. During an inspection in June 1985, the State found 48 drums holding ignitable and reactive liquids and 13 pressurized gas cylinders in poor condition; several of the drums were leaking. Residential and commercial industrial areas are within a few hundred yards of the drum storage area. Approximately 85,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Additional wastes from the operation were discharged into the 700 West Stream, a ditch that drains ir.to the Jordan River. Tests conducted by the State in June 1§85 detected several chemicals, including pesticides and methyl isobutyl ketone, in ground water. 700 West Stream also has elevated levels of some of these compounds. About 60,000 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site. The nearest well is within 2,000 feet. No alternative source of water is available in the area. The Jordan River/Surplus can^l is used primarily for industrial, irrigation (3 square miles) , and recreational purposes. In January 1986, the State requested the owner of Lot 6 and a number of other parties potentially responsible for wastes associated with the site to remove drums and other materials from Lot 6. When they refused, the State filed an action in Federal Court seeking the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to remove the drums and compensate the State for its costs. In February 1986, the State and EPA negotiated a Consent Order under CERCLA Section 106 for the drums. In April 1986, during a CERCLA emergency removal action, EPA detected dioxin in drums, standing water, and soil on the site. In the removal action, EPA (1) excavated contaminated soil, (2) transported non-dioxin drums and soil and the cylinders to a hazardous waste landfill regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and (3) placed dioxin-contaminated materials in a temporary storage unit adjacent to Lot 6. EPA has reached a partial agreement with several PRPs to pay for a portion of the emergency action. The PRPs have also agreed to provide and maintain a storage facility for the dioxin materials pending final disposal. 1991) ; Under a pay-Mai consent narrpg^ issued by the State on September 30, 1988, the PRPs have conducted a remedial investigation/ feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and identify alternatives for remedial action. The remedy planned will cover contaminated ground water, soils, sludges, and other wastes, as well is proper disposal of the dioxin materials stored on-site. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 MESA AREA GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION Mesa, Arizona Conditions at listing (June 1986); Volatile organic solvents contam- inate four wells in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and Freon- 113 were detected in tests conducted by the Arizona Department of Health Services and the City of Tempe. One well is owned by the City of Mesa and operated by Motorola, Inc., to provide water for industrial purposes at its nearby plant. The other three are owned by the Salt River Project and pump into the Tenpe Canal, a source of irrigation water for about 20,000 acres and a source of raw water for the South Tenpe Municipal Water Treatment Plant. The area is highly urbanized, and the Tenpe well punps into a municipal supply system serving an estimated 126,000 people. EPA is in the process of identifying potential sources of the contamination. Status (February 1991); EPA has dropped this site from the proposed NPL because the Motorola, Inc., plant, the only« source of contamination EPA has identified, is subject to the corrective action authorities of Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 KUNIA WELLS I County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii Conditions at listing fOctober 1984); The Kunia Wells I Site consists of four drinking water wells that are owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. Ihe wells are located on the Schofield Plateau in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. They are contaminated with trichloropropane (TCP), according to analyses conducted by the Hawaii Department of Health and other government agencies. Kunia Wells I are part of a distribution system that provides drinking water to 21,000 people. There are several well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. Status (January 1986): EPA received numerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites proposed for the NPL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FIFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. Status (February 1991): EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Cpmpensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 KUNIA WELLS II County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii Conditions at listing (October 1984); The Kunia Wells II Site consists of two drinking water wells that are owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. The wells are located on the Schofield Plateau in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. They are contaminated with dibromo- chloropropane (DBCP) and trichloropropane (TCP), according to analyses conducted by the Hawaii Department of Health and other government agencies. They have been closed since July 1983. The wells are part of the Wjnia distribution system that provides drinking water to about 13,700 people. There are severed, well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing DBCP and TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. Status (January 1986): EPA received numerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites proposed for the NFL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FIFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. A contract was awarded by a private developer to build a carbon treatment plant at Kunia II. Construction is complete, and the plant is scheduled to be operational in March 1986. Status (February 1991); The treatment plant has been operating since May 1986. EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 MTT.TTANI WELLS County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii Conditions at listing (October 1984): The Milliard. Wells Site consists of six drinking water wells that are owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. The wells are located on the lower Schofield Plateau in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. They are contaminated with dibromochloropropane (DBCP) and trichloropropane (TCP), according to tests conducted by the Hawaii Department of Health and other government agencies. Three of the wells are presently not being used. The Milliard wells are part of a distribution system that provides drinking water to about 19,500 people. There are several well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing DBCP and TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. Status (January 1986); EPA received numerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites proposed for the NPL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rcdenticide Act (FIFRA). EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FIFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. The developer of Mililani Town has awarded a contract to build a carton treatment plant at the wells. The plant will be designed to remove the pesticides from the water prior to distribution. The plant is complete and is scheduled to be operational in March 1986. Status f February 1991); The treatment plant has been operating since March 1986. EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WAIAWA SHAFT County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii Conditions at listing (October 1984) : The Waiawa Shaft is located on the Ewa Plain in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii, and is owned and operated by the U.S. Navy. The well is part of a distribution system which provides drinking water to 64,000 people in the area of MoGrew Point, Pearl Harbor, and part of Hickam Air Force Base. The well is contaminated with dibromochloropropane (DBCP) and trichloropropane (TCP) , according to analyses conducted by the U.S. Navy and other government agencies. There are several well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing DBCP and TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. The Navy is currently reviewing alternative treatment methods for DBCP removal. Status (JanuaTy 1986) ; EPA received numerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites proposed for the NPL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) . EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FTFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. Status (February 1991) ; The Navy continues to sample the well. No treatment system has been installed due to the low levels of DBCP and TCP found at the site. EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Super-fund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WAIPAHU WELLS County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii Conditions at listing (October 1984) ; The Waipahu Wells Site consists of four drinking water wells that are owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. The wells are located on the Ewa Plain in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. They are contaminated with ethylene dibromide (EDB) and trichloropropane (TCP) , according to analyses conducted by the Hawaii Department of Health and other government agencies. Ihe Waipahu Wells are part of a distribution system which serves 13,700 people in Waipahu, Ewa, and Waianae. All the wells have been closed. There are several well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. However, because of continuing contamination, the people served by the Waipahu Wells are being provided with an alternative supply of drinking water. Status (January 1986) : EPA received ncBnerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites proposed for the NPL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) . EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FIFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. The Board of Water Supply is building a carbon treatment plant at the Waipahu well field. The treatment plant will be designed to remove the pesticides from the water prior to distribution. Status rFgbTnary 1991) ; The treatment plant has been operating since July 1987. EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WAIPIO HEIGHTS WELLS II County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii o->ndi ti,ons at listing (October 1984) : The Waipio Heights Vfells II Site consists of two drinking water wells that are owned and operated by the City and County of Honolulu. The wells are located in Waipio on the lower Schofield Plateau in the County of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. One well is contaminated with trichloropropane (TCP) , according to analyses conducted by the Hawaii Department of Health and other government agencies. The other well has been shut down for repairs and has not been tested for contamination. The wells are part of a distribution system that provides drinking water to 3,400 people in the Waipio Heights area. There are several well sites with similar contamination problems located in the Schofield Plateau/Ewa Plain area of Oahu. The City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply has conducted pilot tests on methods for decontaminating the water in the area and has had success in removing TCP with granulated activated carbon and with aeration towers. (Jair^ry 1986) : EPA received numerous comments on the six sites in Hawaii, which were the first sites propqsed for the NPL on the basis of contamination that appears to originate entirely from the application of pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodent icide Act (FIFRA) . EPA is continuing to evaluate these sites in the context of an overall policy with respect to sites at which contamination results from the application of FIFRA-registered pesticides. Hence, EPA is continuing to propose the sites for the NPL. Status fFPbrtiary 1991) ; EPA has decided not to place this site on the NPL at this time because it is in the process of developing a general strategy for addressing contamination from agricultural chemicals in ground water under FIFRA. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 CHEMPLEX CD. Clinton/Camanche, Iowa (October 1984) ; The Chemplex Co. facility is on the western edge of Clinton and Camanche, Clinton County, Iowa. The facility has manufactured high- and low-density polyethylene since 1963. Wastes generated by this facility include peroxides, mineral spirits, vinyl acetate, and various organic hazardous substances such as styrene, benzene, toluene, and polyarcmatic hydrocarbons. Unknown quantities of these wastes were of in an unlined landfill on the site, which has been covered and is no longer used. Waste water containing some of these constituents was also stored in a 2-acre lined impoundment on the site. During dredging of the sediments fron the bottom of the impoundment, the liner was ruptured, releasing hazardous substances. The facility received Interim Status under Subtitle c of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) when the company filed Part A of a permit application. Ground water downgradient of the landfill and the impoundment is contam- inated with polyaronatic hydrocarbons and the other organic chemicals identified above, according to tests conducted by the company and its consul- tants. The company has recovered previously released hazardous substances and taJcen measures to prevent the release of additional hazardous substances. The company is conducting additional investigations to completely characterize releases from the landfill. About 5,000 people depend on wells within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. status f7^nii^^Y ipflfi) : Effective December 31, 1984, Northern Petro Chemical Co. , now USI Co. , purchased substantially all assets of the company. The facility has installed a system for recovering contaminated ground water and treating it prior to disposal. In February 1985, the facility submitted Part B of its RCRA permit application. EPA is reviewing the application. Status (June 1988) ; EPA is proposing to drop Chemplex Co. from the proposed NFL. Because the site is a treatment, storage, and disposal facility, it is subject to the corrective action authorities of Subtitle C of RCRA. On September 19, 1987, EPA and the past and present owners/operators of the Chenplex plant signed an Administrative Order on Consent under CERCLA Section 106. The order calls for those potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to characterize an on-site landfill, sample Rock Creek, which is downgradient, and inprove the ground water recovery system. EPA may also pursue cleanup under RCRA authorities and will ensure that the cleanup protects public health and the environment. EPA can later repropose the site for the NPL if it determines that the owner or operator is unable or unwilling to clean up the site effectively. Status fFflfrrvwy 19911 : EPA has dropped this site from the proposed NFL. The present operator is conducting a RCRA facility investigation for the RCRA solid waste management units on the site. For the landfill and debut - anized aromatic concentrate units on the site, the PRPs are conducting a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination. The work is under a CERCLA Section 104 order issued in December 1989. On September 28, 1990, EPA and the PRPs signed a Consent Decree under CERCLA Section 104 requiring the PRPs to construct a system to pump and treat contaminated ground water. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- Super-fund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 t INUt'lT CORP. St. Charles, Missouri Conditions at listing (October 1984) : Findett Corp. operates on a site near the St. Louis suburb of St. Charles, St. Charles County/ Missouri, in the floodplain of the Mississippi River., The Findett facility covers about 2.2 acres; however, contamination originating at the facility may cover a much greater area. A municipal well field is 1,800 feet northeast of the site. Among its activities, Findett reprocessed fluids containing PCBs during 1963-74. some wastes from the reprocessing were disposed of in a small pond on the Findett property. In 1977, after significant levels of PCBs were detected in the pond, Findett excavated and backfilled a portion of the pond. In further investigations in 1979, EPA found that the pond area was still contaminated with PCBs. As a result, EPA issued an Administrative Order under the Clean Water Act in 1980 requiring further excavation of the pond area. Additional sampling after the excavation indicated PCBs had migrated beyond the immediate pond area and into subsurface areas. The facility received Interim Status under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) when the company filed Part A of a permit application for treating and storing hazardous waste. EPA iygiicri an Administrative order on Consent under Section 3013 of RCRA in September 1982. The order required Findett to design and implement a monitoring, sampling, and analysis plan to characterize the nature and extent of PCS soil contamination, as well as the potential for ground water contamination in the immediate vicinity gf the Findett facility. Findett installed monitoring wells and analyzed ground water for PCBs. Status fi7an'"Ty 1986) ; In July 1985, EPA identified volatile organic compounds in shallow on-site monitoring wells, and developed a workplan for a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. Status (April 1988 ) : EPA is proposing to drop Findett Corp. from the proposed NPL. As the site is a treatment, storage, and disposal facility, it is subject to the corrective action authorities of RCRA Subtitle C. EPA began the RI/FS in August 1987 after Findett declined to do the work. EPA may also pursue cleanup under RCRA authorities and will ensure that the cleanup protects public health and the environment. EPA can later repropose the site for the NPL if it determines that the owner or operator is unable or unwilling to clean up the site effectively. Status ^February EPA has dropped this site from the proposed NPL. In January 1990, EPA sampled surficial soil on the Findett property, as as adjacent properties, and is evaluating the analytical data to determine if additional cleanup measures are necessary. On May 14, 1990, EPA and Findett signed a Consent Decree under CERCLA Sections 106 and 107 calling for Findett to (1) pump and treat shallow contaminated ground water prior to disposal into the sewer system and (2) PCB-contaminated soil off-site for treatment or disposal. Ground water treatment under the May 1990 Consent Decree is scheduled to begin in early 1991, and soil treatment later in the year. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLAI as amended in 1 986 QUAIL RUN MOBILE MANCR Gray Summit, Missouri Copri'ttions at lifting (September 19831 ; Quail Run Mobile leaner is a trailer park located 2 miles east of Gray Summit, Franklin County, Missouri. In the early 1970s, the road through the park was sprayed with an unknown quantity of dioxin-contaminated waste oil. In 1974, sane of the soil was excavated from the road and deposited in the area between the road and a lagoon and also on two nearby properties which are also part of the site. Early in 1983, EPA identified dioxin in soil samples from numerous locations on the site, one as high as 1,100 parts per billion. As a result, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued a health advisory warning that the more than 100 residents were at risk of developing adverse health effects from dioxin if they remained in their hones. Sane of the residents had ofno to the trailer park from Tines Beach, Missouri. In May 1983, EPA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , and the State briefed the residents on the findings and explained FEMA's offer of temporary relocation. Of 33 families, 29 applied for relocation. Status (July 19841 ; A few families are still residing at Quail Run. The site is scheduled to be cleaned up using CERCLA emergency funds. The project involves excavating and restoring several on-site areas contaminated with dioxin. The contaminated soil will be stored temporarily on the site. EPA is not taking final action on this site because it does not meet the criteria currently specified to place a site on the NFL. EPA is considering revising the National Contingency Plan (NCP) , the Federal regulation by which CERCLA is implemented, to permit Quail Ri^n and similar sites where OX has issued a health advisory to qualify for the NFL. status f-,Tannary 1986l : Removal actions are currently underway. All families have been temporarily relocated, and all of the mobile homes have been decontaminated and sent off-site for rehabilitation. The tasks remaining under the removal action include construction of one remaining steel structure of a total of 11 for temporary storage of contaminated soil; excavation and storage of remaining contaminated soil; and site restoration. On September 16, 1985, EPA revised the NCP to allow placing Quail Run and similar sites on the NFL. Status (February 1991) : EPA has dropped this site from the proposed NFL because it no longer meets the health advisory. As part of the removal action, EPA excavated soils containing more than 1 part per billion dioxin to a maximum depth of 4 feet or to bedrock. Excavated areas were filled in with clean material to the original grade. Pending final disposition, the excavated soils are temporarily stored in on- site, fully enclosed steel structures surrounded by a secured 6-foot chain link fence. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources maintains the temporary facility. During the cleanup, 28 mobile hones were decontaminated. For verification, interior surf aces of the homes were sampled according to OX Decontamination of exterior samples was also verified. The mobile home park is now restored and recocupied. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLAI as amended in 1986 BURLINGTON NCKBffiRN RAUHDAD (SOMERS TIE-TREATING PLANT) Soners, Montana Conditiora at listing (Octcfayf 1?94) ? Burlington Northern Railroad has treated ties en a 4.5-acre sits in Sonars, Flathead County, Montana, since around 1900. The plant's current operations are regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) . An old waste disposal lagoon downgradient of the RCRA-regulated facility has not been used since 1974. the old lagoon was used to ^gp-«e«> of creosote wastes from the wood- treatment process. The wastes were discharged from the pond via a ditch to a marshy area on the shore of Flathead lake, the largest fresh water lake west of the Mississippi River. The lake is extensively used for camping and fishing, and towns along the lake such as Sonars use it for drinking water. On February 28, 1984, the State dug several shallow holes along the lake shore and took samples of creosote-saturated sand below the ditch outfall. Sludge/sediment samples were collected from the bottom of a 0.5-acre swairp pond located along the shore adjacent to the waste ditch. The material was silty-sand and stained with oil. Early in March 1984, consultants to Burlington Northern drilled approxi- mately 60 test borings in the vicinity of the swamp pond, in the waste ditch, and below the seasonal high water beach of Flathead Lake. About 46 percent of the test holes showed visual evidence of creosote contamination. The holes encompassed an area of approximately 3.5 acres, including the pond. Soil samples were collected from the test borings. Monitoring wells were installed at 10 sites around the pond. Status f.7ajT"flry IW?) ; In May andtfune 1985, Burlington Northern removed contaminated sludge, soil, and water from the swamp pond under a CERC1A Section 106 Consent Order for an immediate removal. The materials were placed in two existing RCRA lagoons on the plant site which were reconstructed to meet RCRA standards. The company is moving the sludges and soils to another of its facilities at Paradise, Montana, where they are being placed in a waste pile that meets RCRA standards. Swamp pond water was processed through the plant's waste water recycling system. In "** *•'* «"• 1984, Burlington Northern voluntarily submitted to EPA a study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site and identify alternatives for remedial action. On October 9, 1985, EPA and Burlington Northern sidled a Consent Order under CFRCTA Section 106 for a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) covering the old lagoon. The RI/FS activities are scheduled to be completed in approximately January 1987. fftfltVB (June 1988) : EPA is proposing to drop Burlington Northern Railroad's Somers Tie-Treating Plant from the proposed NFL. Because the site is a storage and ^ epical facility, it is subject to the corrective action authorities of RCRA Subtitle C. Burlington Northern is closing the two existing RCRA lagoons according to a RCRA closure plan approved by the State. The company has submitted a draft RI/FS and Endangerment A*""**"""""* naxnt to EPA for the old lagoon. EPA may also pursue cleanup under RCRA authorities and will ensure that ths cleanup protects public health and the environment. EPA can later repropose the site for the NFL if it determines that the owner or operator is unable or unwilling to clean up the sits effectively. Q< EPA has dropped this site from the proposed NFL. Burlington Northern and the U.S. Government have signed a Consent Decree requiring the company to implement the cleanup alternative in the Record of Decision signed in 1989 and to reimburse the Government for 100 percent of M^^^VW^^^ response The selected alternative calls for land treatment of contaminated soils in a 10-acre plot and hot water flushing of contaminated ground water, with ozone/ultraviolet or peroxide/ultraviolet treatment at the surface. In-situ biological treatment will be used for residual ground water and soil contamination. Field activities began late in 1990. United States Environmental Protection Agency / RemedW Response Program ------- National Priorities List Super-fund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 CXMLT OIL GO. Billings, Montana Conditions at listing (June 1988): The Comet oil Co. site covers approximately 10 acres on Frontage Road in a residential/industrial part of Billings, Yellowstone County, Montana. The facility opened approximately 25 years ago and functioned as a one-person waste oil re-refinery operation until Bair's, Inc. (also known as Mountain States Petroleum Corp.) purchased it in 1974. In 1979, Bair's ceased operation for economic reasons. A large number of storage tanks and empty 55-gallon drums are on-site, as well as several waste oil lagoons and a large sludge pile. In 1985, 100,000 gallons of contaminated waste oil spilled when vandals opened valves on one tank. Under the supervision of the Montana Department of Health and Environ- mental Sciences, Comet collected 75,000 gallons of waste oil from the site and a neighboring property; the other 25,000 gallons were lost to the environment. Comet also covered parts of the site with 3-5 feet of soil. Organic compounds, including benzene, phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, naphthalene, and trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, are present in an off-site downgradient monitoring well, according to MPA tests conducted in 1985. Petroleum products and solvents are in soils throughout the site, to a depth of 34 feet in some parts, according to EPA. Within 3 miles of the site are four municipal wells and one private well that supply drinking water to at least 5,500 people. Contaminants at the site threaten the Yellowstone River, which is used for recreational activities. The river is 0.6 mile downstream from the site. Status (February 1991); In response to public comments, EPA re- evaluated the site documentation and the site's score on the Hazard Ranking System used to assess sites for the NFL. Because the score is now below the cutoff point EPA has established to include a site on the NFL, this site is being dropped from consideration for the NFL at this time. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 KERR-MOGEE CORP. (GUSHING PLANT) Gushing, Oklahoma Conditions at listing fOctofogr 1989); Kerr-MoGee Corp. 's Gushing Plant cavers 116 acres in Gushing, in a rural area of Payne County, Oklahoma. Since 1915, numerous oil and pipeline caipanies have occupied various portions of the site. In 1956, Kerr-MoGee acquired a refinery on the site and operated it until 1972. During 1963-65, Kerr-MoGee processed uranium in a plant on the site for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEG). From early 1965 until February 1966, Kerr-MoGee produced thorium metal from thorium nitrate provided by AEG. After operations ceased in 1966, the plant was demolished. In 1972, soil and wash water containing thorium were placed in an on-site surface impoundment known as Pit 4. A number of other impoundments (Pits 1, 2, 3, and 5) contain acid sludges and oily wastes from the oil operations; the pits were filled prior to 1956. In 1986, EPA detected uranium, radium, chromium, nickel, zinc, and arsenic in on-site monitoring wells. An estimated 7,800 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. A private well is 1,000 feet from the site. « Status (February 1991): In response to public comments, EPA re- evaluated the site documentation and the site's score on the Hazard Ranking System used to assess sites for the NFL. Because the score is now below the cutoff point EPA has established to include a site on the NPL, this site is being dropped from consideration for the NPL at this time. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 RICHARDSON FLAT TAILINGS Summit County, Utah Conditions at "H sting (June 1988); The Richardson Flat Tailings cover approximately 160 acres in a valley 1.5 miles from most recent development in the town of Park City, Summit County, Utah. At least 2 million tons of tailings are on-site. They came from the Keetley Ontario Mine and other metal mining operations currently owned by United Park City Mines (UPCM) . The most recent use of the area for tailings disposal was during 1975-81, when UPCM leased its mining properties to either Park City Ventures or Noranda Mining, Inc. The two companies constructed and operated milling facilities on UPCM properties. Both the Utah Department of Environmental Health and EPA have investigated the site in the past 3 years. The results show that the heavy metals and arsenic present in the tailings have migrated into the soil below the tailings, ground water, surface water, and air. Continued migration is likely because the piles are unlined and uncovered. Elevated concentrations of arsenic, copper, and lead were detected in Silver Creek downgradient of the tailings. Water diverted from Silver Creek is used to irrigate pastureland and hay fields within 3 stream miles of the»site. High-volume air sampling at Richardson Flat Tailings documented that arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc were released to the air. An estimated 4,500 people live year-round within 4 miles of the tailings. Motorcyclists commonly ride on the site. In addition, airborne tailings material blows across Highway 40 on a daily basis during the summer months. This mining site is potentially eligible for cleanup funds from the state of Utah's approved program under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1979 (SMCRA) . EPA is developing a policy for listing such sites. This site is being proposed for the NPL at this time to avoid delay in starting CERCLA activities. Status (F*ab'r|iaT"y iQQi)? In response to public comments, EPA re- evaluated the site documentation and the site's score on the Hazard Ranking System used to assess sites for the NPL. Because the score is now below the cutoff point EPA has established to include a site on the NPL, this site is being dropped from consideration for the NPL at this time. United States Environmental Protection Agency / Remedial Response Program ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency For further information, call the Superfund Hotline, toll-free at 1-800-424-9346 or 703-920-9810 in Washington. DC. metropolitan area, or the U. S. EPA Superfund Offices listed below For publications, contact Public Information Center, PM-211B 401 M Street SW. Washington DC 20460 CML:(202) 382-2080 FTS: 382-2080 Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, OS-230 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 CML: (202) 475-8103 FTS: 475-8103 Region 1 Superfund Branch. HSL-CAN 2 John F. Kennedy Building Boston, MA 02203 CML: (617) 573-9610 FTS: 833-1610 Region 2 Emergency & Remedial Response Division 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278 CML: (212) 264-8672 FTS: 264-8672 Region 3 Site Assessment Section, 3HW13 841 Chestnut Building Philadelphia, PA 19107 CML: (215) 597-3437 FTS: 597-3437 Region 4 Waste Management Division 345 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30365 CML: (404) 347-3454 FTS: 257-3454 Region 5 Remedial Response Branch, 5HS-11 230 South Dearborn Street, 12th Floor Chicago. IL 60604 CML: (312) 886-5877 FTS: 886-5877 Region 6 Superfund Management Branch Division. 6H-M 1445 Ross Avenue Dallas. TX 75202-2733 CML: (214) 655-6740 FTS: 255-6740 Region 7 Superfund Branch 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS66101 CML: (913) 551-7052 FTS: 276-7052 Region 8 Superfund Remedial Branch. 8HWM-SR 999 18th Street. Suite 500 Denver, CO 80202-2405 CML: (303) 294-7630 FTS: 330-7630 Region 9 Waste Management Division. H-1 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 CML: (415) 744-1730 FTS: 484-1730 Region 10 Superfund Branch, HW-113 1200 6th Avenue Seattle, WA98101 CML: (206)442-1987 FTS: 399-1987 ------- |