Umtea Statef Qff,c8 Qf Snvgencv & HW-8.18 Env.ronmentalProrset.on Remefl.al flesoonse TnlvlQflQ Agency ' Wasn.nqton. oc 20460 Y DESCRIPTIONS OF 52 FEDERAL FACILITY SITES IN PROPOSED UPDATE 19 TO THE NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST This document consists of caseriptons of 52 Federal facility sites proposed in July 1989 as update =9 to the rational Priorities Lisc (N"PL; . Also included (as an addendum) is the description of a final Federal facility site proposed for expansion. Sites are arranged alphabetically. by State and' by site name. . The Superfund program is authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) , enacted on December 11, 1980, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), enacted on October 17, 1986. Under SARA, the Hazardous Substances Superfund pays the costs not assumed by responsible parties for cleaning up hazardous waste sites or emergencies that threaten public health, welfare, or thi environment. The Superfund program is managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Section 120(a) of SARA requires that Federal facilities be subject to and comply with CERCLA in the same manner as any nongovernmental entity. CERCLA Section lll(e)(3), however, generally prohibits use of Superfund dollars for. long-term "remedial action" at Federally-owned facilities. ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1985 EIELSOJ AIR FORCE BASE Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska Eielson Air Force Base covers 19,790 acres in Fairbanks riorth Star Borough, approximately 24 miles southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska. Since its establishment in 1944, its primary mission has been to provide tactical support to the Alaskan Air Command. Within its boundaries, Eielson contains closed and active unlined landfills extending into ground water, shallow trenches where weathered tank sludge was buried, a drum storage area, and other disposal or spill areas. Eielson Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program- (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP tests have found lead, arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc in soil in the drum storage area, as well as trans-1,2- dichloroethylene (trans)- and lead above the Federal primary drinking water standard in shallow on-site monitoring wells. An estimated 9,000 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. . Surface water within 3 miles downs lope of hazardous substances at the base is used for fishing. The base is in the floodplain of the Tanana River. The Air Force is developing a workplan for a remedial investigation/ feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the base and identify alternatives for remedial action. The workplan is scheduled to be completed in the fall of 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 ELMENDORF AIR FORCE BASE Greater Anchorage Area Borough, Alaska Eljmendorf Air Force Base covers 13,100 acres in the Greater Anchorage Area Borough immediately north of Anchorage, Alaska. The base is bounded to the west by Knik Arm of the Ccok Inlet, and to the east by Fort Richardson Arnry Base. Ship Creek flows along the southern perimeter. In operation since 1940, this base now hosts the 21st Tactical Fighter Wing. Elmendorf is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP studies, the Air Force identified 12 areas where hazardous materials had been generated, stored, used, or disposed of. All require further investigation. Initially, the Air Force focused on five areas. In the past, landfills D-5 (now closed) and D-7 (still active) received a variety of hazardous wastes, including lead acid batteries and waste solvents. The landfills, unlined and unbermed, are-in sandy and gravelly soils. Shop wastes, including solvents and paint thinners, were disposed of in a naturally occurring unlined trench designated as Site D-17. Site IS-1 is where fuel in Building 42-400 spilled into floor drains that feed into gravel-bottom dry wells. The last of the five areas included in the initial investigation is site SP5, where approximately 60,000 gallons of aviation fuel JP-4 spilled, of which only 33,000 gallons were recovered. During IRP activities in 1983-87, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,l,2,2-tetrachloroethylene, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and lead were detected in on-site monitoring wells. An estimated 121,000 Elmendorf employees and residents of Anchorage obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. EPA is reviewing the Air Force's workplan for a remedial investigation/ feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the base and identify alternatives for remedial action. The final workplan is expected to be completed in the fall of 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 198G PORT WMNWRIGfl? Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska Fort Wainwright, in Fairbanks North Star Borough near Fairbanks, Alaska, was established in 1947. Its primary mission'is to train soldiers and-test equipment in arctic conditions. Industrial operations primarily involve maintenance of aircraft and vehicles. Fort Wainwright consists of a cantonment area (4,473 acres) on the eastern border of Fairbanks, a range complex (8,825 acres), and two maneuver areas (898,306 acres). Among contaminated areas on^the cantonment area is a 50-acre sanitary landfill that has received waste oil,' waste fuel, spent solvents, paint residues, and fuel tank sludge since the mid-1950s. The landfill is an unlined unbermed area which is built up higher than the surrounding terrain. A second contaminated area is the proposed North Family Housing Area, which is 3,500 feet from the landfill. The Army used the area for storage of petroleum products, solvents, and other chemicals and for disposal of power plant ash and slag, which contain heavy metals such as chromium and mercury. Fort Wainwright is participating in the Installation .Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. In 1985 and 1986, as part of IRP studies, lead and chromium were detected in monitoring wells at the landfill; in 1987, chromium and tetrahydrofuran were detected in monitoring wells at the proposed housing area, and chromium was detected in soil. An estimated 11,000 people, including the entire population at Fort Wainwright (10,900 people), obtain drinking water from wells within 3'miles of hazardous substances on the fort. The Chena River is used for sport fishing within 3 miles downstream. The Army is developing a workplan for a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the fort and identify alternatives for remedial action. The workplan is expected to be completed in the fall of 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 STONDARD STEEL & METAL SALVAGE YARD (USDOT) Anchorage, Alaska The Standard steel & Metal Salvage Yard covers 6.2 acres in a heavily industrialized area of Anchorage, Alaska. The Federal Railroad. Administration, part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USCCT), acquired the land in the.1920s. Since 1972, the land has been leased to several different recyclers whose activities included reclamation of PCB-contaminated electrical transformers, processing of various types of equipment and drums from nearby military bases, and salvaging of assorted batteries. In November 1982, the land was leased to Standard Steel & Metals, which subsequently filed for bankruptcy, although.it is still operating. In May 1987, EPA detected high levels of lead and PCBs and lower levels of tetrachloroethylene in on-site ground water. Over 121,000 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. . In November 1985, EPA detected low levels of PCBs in sediment of nearby Ship Creek, which is used for sport fishing. ' Using CERCLA emergency funds, EPA has conducted removal actions at the site during the summer seasons starting in 1986. EPA removed surface wastes — including an estimated 8,500 batteries, 175 transformers, 1,100 drums, 3 bulk storage tanks, assorted containers, and metal debris—and transported the materials to EPA-regulated disposal facilities. Work during the 1988 season completed the removal action .by securing-the site in preparation for long-term cleanup. EPA's 1988 activities included sealing the soil surface in the most highly contaminated areas, removing the remaining containers of hazardous materials, and reworking and strengthening the security fence. EPA plans to negotiate for further cleanup with parties potentially responsible for wastes associated with the site. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 LUKE AIR FORCE BASE Glendale, Arizona Luke Air Force Base occupies 4,198 acres in Glendale, Maricopa County, Arizona, 13 milas west of downtown Phoenix. The base is located within the Sonovan Desert and rests on a broad alluvium-filled valley within the western portion of Phoenix Basin. Industrial-type operations started in 1941. Until 1946, these operations and related wastes were comparatively small. After a period of deactivation, the base resumed, operations in 1951. During, the 1950s, larger quantities of wastes were generated as a result of.expanded maintenance required for the new jet aircraft assigned to -the base. Luke.Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program .(IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Under IRP, the Air Force has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including five where hazardous wastes were disposed of. At the Waste Treatment Annex (Site No. 2), a small quantity of low-level radioactive electron tubes, believed to be encased in concrete, was buried in a pit 12 feet deep in 1956. The Perimeter Road Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (POL) Waste Application Site (Site No. 4) was used during approximately 1951-70. POL wastes were spread on the dirt'road around the runway at the western portion of the base. The majority of the wastes consisted of contaminated JP-4 fuel, with some diesel fuel, waste engine oils, and waste solvents. Among the substances that may have been included were methyl ethyl ketone, trichloroethane, trichloro- ethylene, toluene, cresylie acid, o-dichlorobenzene, phenolic paint strippers, acetone, and paint residues and thinners. The POL Waste Disposal Trench Site (Site No. 5) was used during about 1970-72. POL wastes were disposed of in numerous trenches approximately 1.5 feet deep and in a shallow lagoon at the northeast corner of the site. The South Fire Department Training Area (Site No. 6) was used during 1941- 46, and again during approximately 1951-63. POL wastes were poured onto old aircraft or simulated aircraft in a cleared, bermed area and then set on fire. The North Fire Department Training Area (Site No. 7) was used during approximately 1963-73. The disposal method was similar to Site No. 6. In November 1983, eight water supply wells on the base were sampled as part of IRP. Analysis indicated that two of the wells had low levels of 2-dichloro- ethane and trans-l,2-dichloroethylene. Soil near one of the wells contained 1,2-dichloroetnane. An estimated 10,400 people obtain drinking water from base and private wells within 3 miles, of hazardous substances on the base. The Air Force has completed an initial assessment of the base, and its contractor is now conducting a remedial investigations/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,.and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WILLIAMS AIR FORCE BASE Chandler, Arizona Williams Air Force Ease (WAFB) covers 4,127 acres approxiinately 30 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona, in Maricopa County, near Chandler. The base is surrounded by irrigated farmland or desert. Since the base was constructed in 1941, it lias served as a training facility, primarily pilot training. Industrial activities at WAFB have included heavy maintenance of aircraft and ground equipment in support of pilot training. WAFB is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Air Force has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including Fire Protection Training Area No.. 2, which covers approximately 8.5 acres near the southern boundary- of the base. Prior to 1948, the area was used as a parking apron. From 1948 until the late 1960s, it was an unlined pit where .large quantities of the combustible liquid waste generated at WAFB were burned as part of fire training. Any flammable materials remaining infiltrated the soil or evaporated. These materials included waste fuels, oils, lubricants, cleaning solvents, and some paint stripper. Starting in 1983, a concrete liner was installed under the burn pits; however, overflow is still allowed to seep into the ground. In September 1986, an Air Force contractor found lead in soil, and in March 1987" found lead in monitoring wells on the base. The Southwest Drainage System (SWDS) has operated since the base was constructed in 1941. It received plating shop rinse water containing chromium, cadmium, and copper; aircraft washing wastes consisting of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, polyurethane, paint thinners, and sludges; fuel; lubricants; hydraulic fluid; and.spills from flight line and maintenance operations. SWDS soil samples taken in October 1984 contained lead, chromium, and cadmium. SWDS drains into a storm water retention pond in the southwest corner of the base. In 1988, the Air Force installed a concrete lining in part of SWDS. WAFB housing is within 100 feet of SWDS. A 34-acre landfill in the southwest corner of the base operated during 1941-76, accepting primarily trash and garbage. However, unknown quantities of hazardous waste were dumped along with the household wastes. In April 1987, lead and cadmium were detected in monitoring wells, including one between the landfill and SWDS and adjacent to the pond that received SWDS wastes. WAFB has four wells that supply drinking water to an estimated 3,400 employees. One of the wells is 1,500 feet from the contaminated well at the landfill. The Air Force has completed an initial assessment of the base and has developed a workplan for a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of'contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. Field investigations are underway. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 BARSTOW MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS BASE Barstow, California The Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base is in San Bernardino County, California. It is in the Kbjave Desert and adjacent to the Mojave River. A portion of the base, the 1,568-acre Nebo Area, is approximately 1 mile east of the City of Barstow. It lias been used for maintenance, repair, and rebuilding of supplies and equipment for the Marine Corps since 1942. Solvent wastes, including trichloroethylene (TCE), were apparently generated in substantial quantities in the Nebo Area facility. Due to the lack of records, the quantities of solvents used, stored and discharged on-site are unknown. Hie same activities were conducted at the 1,681-acre Yermo Area, 6 miles east of Nebo. Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). • Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Monitoring wells at both Nebo and Yerbo are contaminated with TCE, according to tests conducted in 1984-85 as part of IRP studies and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Public wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the base supply drinking water to an estimated- 28,700 residents of the City of Barstow and outlying areas. The Marine Corps has completed an initial assessment/site inspection and is planning a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify-alternatives for remedial action at both the Nebo. and Yermo areas. An activated carbon system for treating contaminated drinking water wells at Yerbo is scheduled to be installed in July 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 CAMP PENDLETCN MARINE CORPS BASE San Diego County, California The Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Ease encompasses approximately 125,000 acres in San Diego County, California. The installation is bordered by the City of San Clemente 'to the north, the City of Oceanside to the south, and the City of Fallbrook to the east. The base has served as a training base since its establishment in 1941. Industrial and other support operations have generated hazardous wastes, including waste oils, contaminated fuels and other petroleum products, cleaning solvents, and pesticide rinsate. Camp Pendleton is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate., and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP studies, the Navy identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including eight areas where wastes containing DDT, heptachlor, 2,4-T, lindane, zinc, lead, trichloroethylene, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and xylene had been deposited. .Ground water is shallow, averaging 7-14 feet deep, and soils are permeable, conditions that facilitate movement of contaminants into ground water. The 40,000 people living and working on the base obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles, of hazardous substances on the base. The nearest well is within 1,320 feet of one of the disposal areas. To date, no contaminants have been detected in the camp's water supply. The San Margarita River, Las Flores Creek, and San Mateo Creek empty into coastal wetlands within 2 miles of Camp Pendleton. Surface waters within 3 miles downstream are used for recreational activities. Critical habitats for three birds designated as endangered by the. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are within 1 mile of the camp. The Marine Corps has completed a site inspection and is about to start planning for a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the base and identify alternatives for remedial action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 EDWARDS AIR FORCE EASE Kern County, California Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) is in Kern, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties, California, occupying approximately 800 square miles in the western portion of the Mojave Desert. The base has been in operation since 1933. Its ' primary mission is to conduct research and development on ne// aircraft. EAFB is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (ISP). Under this program,, established in 1978, the Department, of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Under IRP, the Air Force has identified 21 waste areas at the facility. Of these, 6 are active, and 15 have been cleaned up and require no further action, according to the Air Force. . Investigation has focused on the Main/South Base area, the North Base area, and the Air Force Astronautics Laboratory area. The Main/South Ease area, at the western edge of Rogers Dry Lake, is the primary area for maintenance and refueling of aircraft. On several occasions, large amounts of fuel have been spilled in the area, and poor disposal practices have released organic solvents to the ground. Also in the area are an abandoned sanitary landfill containing pesticides and heavy metals, an area where electroplating wastes were dumped, and the industrial waste pond, which contains sediments rich in heavy metals. On the North Base area, 5 miles to the northeast of the Main Base area, is a drum storage area -at the north end of Rogers Dry Lake, and three unlined surface impoundments into which wastes were poured during the 1960s and 1970s. .Contaminants include waste oils, solvents, and nitric acid generated primarily by the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory. / Trichloroethylene, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane,' tetrachloroethylene, and methylene chloride are present in ground water underlying the Main/South Base area, according to a 1987 IRP report. EAFB's 13,800 employees obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the Main/South Base area. Contaminants at the North Base area could migrate downwards and reach ground water that serves the 1,300 residents of North Edwards. There is no perennial surface water at EAFB. The Air Force has completed an initial assessment of-the base and is now conducting a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FORT ORD Marina, California Fort Ord covers 45 square vniles on Mcr.tarey Bay approximately 5.6 miles north of Monterey, Monterey County, California. The installation is bordered by the City of Marina and the Salinas River to the north, El Toro Creek to the east, Seaside and Del Rey Oaks to the south,' and Monterey Bay to the west. Fort Ord was established in 1917 as a maneuver area and field artillery target range for units then stationed at the Presidio of Monterey. Its. primary mission now is training. Industrial operations at Fort Ord include a battery charging/repair facility, photographic processing laboratories, spray painting operations, a plastics shop, laundry/dry cleaning facilities, vehicle wash racks, and a small 'arms repair shop. The chemicals used in these operations are stored and the wastes generated are disposed of throughout Fort Ord. According to tests conducted by the Army in 1986, ground water off-base is contaminated at significant levels. The contamination is emanating from the base and may be contaminating the. drinking water supplies of the City of Marina; however, the exact location of the source has not yet been identified. The contaminants include carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trans-l,2-dichloroethylene. An estimated 38,600 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the fort. Ground water is also used for irrigation. In addition, soil is contaminated at the Fire Drill Area, where approximately 600 gallons- of petroleum products have been spilled. Fort Ord has identified at least 18 other contamination problems, including lead1 in one landfill area. Fort Ord is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Army is implementing a sampling plan to investigate ground water contamination. A remedial action plan for the contaminated Fire Drill Area is under development. It calls for construction of a system to pump ground water to the surface and treat it to remove contamination. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1988 GEORGE AIR FORCE BASE .Victorville, California George Air Force Base (GAFB) occupies 5,347 acres in the Mojave Desert region near Victorville, San Bernardino County, California. It was established. in 1943 to conduct tactical fighter operations and provide training for aircraft and maintenance personnel. Industrial operations, including maintenance of aircraft and ground support equipment, involved use and disposal of solvents. GAFB is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978-, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. During IRP tests conducted between March and May 1986, the Air Force discovered trichloroethylene (ICE) in ground water on and off -the base. Private wells off-base are contaminated by low levels of chloroform and methylene chloride. Soil also contains chloroform. The northeast section of GAFB, used for disposal of solvents, appears to be one source of the contamination, although several other areas on the base are also suspected of contributing to the contamination. In addition to TCE, benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane were detected in on-base monitoring wells at levels that exceed State and Federal drinking water standards. An estimated 11,000 GAFB residents obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. GAFB has installed additional wells to determine the extent of TCE contamination. Remedial action is planned to recover, treat, and dispose of contaminated ground water. The California Regional Water Quality Control Board is reviewing GAFB's workplan for these activities. GAFB is in the process of. contracting'for the remedial action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the . Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 LAWRENCE LIVERM3RE NATIONAL LABORATORY (SITE 300) (USDOE) Livermore, California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLML) (Site 300) covers approximately 2.75 square miles nortli of Corral Hollow Road near the City of Livermore, California, straddling the Alameda/San Joaquin County line. Tie area is rural. LLNL was first owned by the Atomic Energy Commission, and is'now owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and operated by the University of California. The main LLNL .site, located 15 miles west of Site 300, was placed on the NHL in July 1987. Site 300's primary mission since its inception in 1955 has been to test high explosives. It has also operated a number of solid waste landfills, accepting waste from the LLNL main site, Site 300, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Land disposal ceased at Site 300 in November 1988.- Site 300 also formerly maintained a number of waste lagoons and dry wells for the disposal of liquid wastes and waste waters. The dry wells have been removed from service, and the lagoons have been replaced by two double-lined surface impoundments. The lagoons are scheduled to be capped in the summer of 1989. Tests conducted in 1983 by an LLNL contractor detected trichloroethylene (TCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene in on-site monitoring wells. Soil is also contaminated. These chlorinated hydrocarbons are found in. the vicinity of Buildings 834, 830, and 817 and Pit 5. The highest concentrations are of TCE near Building 834. . TCE is used as a cooling and heating agent to test the stability of'various high explosive compounds and is stored near Building 834 for distribution through aboveground piping. A leak was suspected as the source of soil and ground water contamination. Approximately 350 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of Site 300, most of them on Site 300 itself. . During 1983 and 1984, T.TL observed increases in tritium concentrations in shallow monitoring wells downgradient from experimental and waste disposal areas in the west firing area of Site 300. The shallow aquifer is not a present or potential source of drinking water. The State has issued a draft Cleanup and Abatement Order, and EPA. has issued a corrective action order under Section 3008(h) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In the summer of 1989, USDOE plans to complete a feasibility study identifying alternatives for cleanup at Site 300. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 MARCH AIR FORCE BASE Riverside, California March Mr Force Base (MAFB) covers approximately 7,000 acres near Riverside in the Moreno Valley in Riverside County, California. MAFB is adjacent to light industrial, agricultural, and residential areas. Established in. 1918 as the Alessandro Aviation Field, MAFB has served as a training base and refueling operations base. Industrial operations (including aircraft maintenance and repair) involved use of solvents and disposal of solvent wastes. MAFB is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department-of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous substances. As part of IRP, the Air Force investigated 38 potentially contaminated disposal areas. MAFB Well No. 1 on-base was found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 'and cis-l,2-dichloroethylene at levels that exceed State drinking water standards. It was taken out of service. Soils on the base are contaminated with toluene and benzene. An estimated 11,600 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on MAFB. The Air Force is conducting a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the base and identify alternatives for remedial action.. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 • TRACY DEFENSE DEPOT Tracy, California The Tracy Defense Depot covers 443 acres 1.5 miles southwest of Tracy, San Joaquin County, California. The area around the depot is primarily grassland and agricultural. The site was an Army Supply Depot from when it was activated in 1942 until 1963, when it was turned over to the Defense Logistics Agency. In the course of depot operations, supplies are stored and issued, and several industrial activities are carried out. Special operations include repacking leaking chemical containers, fumigation of shipping materials, vehicle maintenance, painting, storage of chemicals, derusting and preserving of metal parts, operation of chemical and photographic laboratories, storage and mixing of pesticides, and storage and treatment of liquid and solid wastes. Liquid waste treatment/storage areas include two unlined sewage effluent ponds, two abandoned sewage lagoons, two lined industrial waste water ponds,.an abandoned paint spraying/stripping rinse water pond, an abandoned trench where 150 drums of lubricating oil reportedly were buried, an unlined pond for holding storm water, an abandoned pesticide disposal trench, an abandoned area where substantial amounts of formaldehyde were buried, and above-ground and below-ground waste tanks. Also, liquid wastes were formerly stored on-site in an unpaved storage area, and hazardous materials (including solvents, radiological commodities, medical supplies, and solid and liquid chemicals) were disposed of in three burning pits. Former solid waste treatment/storage areas include a fill area where food items were buried, a fill area where construction material was buried, and three impoundments where wastes containing mercury phosphate compounds were stored. Currently, all solid hazardous waste is hauled off-site to facilities regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Tracy Defense Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials; According to IRP tests conducted in 1985, the shallow aquifer below the site, which extends. from 15 feet to 250 feet below the surface, is contaminated with trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. The water in the aquifer, however, is generally too saline for most uses. Municipal, private, and irrigation wells are within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the depot. Water from Tracy's municipal well, which is within 3 miles of the site, is blended with water from other wells and from Delta Mendota Canal to provide drinking water to an estimated 28,600 people. * The Defense Logistics Agency is conducting a remedial investigation/ feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the depot ' and identify alternatives for remedial action. The work is scheduled to be completed in mid-1990. The State is reviewing the depot's proposal to undertake an interim remedial measure involving pumping out contaminated ground water and treating it to remove the contamination. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE Solano County, California Travis Air Force Base covers 5,025 acres in Solano County, California. The base is 3 miles east of the City of Fairfield. The area around the base is primarily agricultural. Established in 1943, the base, is near one of the largest and busiest bases in the Military Airlift Command. It consists largely of runways and related installations. Industrial operations include various shops where aircraft conponents were cleaned with solvents. Travis Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to Identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Air Force has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including three landfills used during 1943-77, of which one (Landfill No. 3) was used for disposal of crushed and rinsed pesticide containers, as well as the rinsate; areas where combustible wastes were burned for fire fighting exercises from 1943 to the mid-1970s; a pit where about 250 pounds of cyanide were buried in about 1967; a solvent spill area where methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether may have been spilled during paint stripping operations; and the storm sewer system, one of the most contaminated portions of the base, where chemical wastes from the various shops were dumped throughout the history of the base. Endrin., benzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1- dichloroethane were detected in monitoring wells in different parts of the base, according to a 1986 IRP report. An estimated 400 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base, the nearest well is .3,400 feet from the base. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, benzene, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene were detected in the storm sewers, according to the 1986 IRP report, and chlorobenzene was detected" in Union Creek, which is routed through the base via the storm drain system. Union Creek flows 1.1 miles to Hill Slough, which is a branch of Suisun Marsh, a major coastal wetland. Because Hill Slough is tidally influenced, any contamination can reach San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. Suisun Marsh is widely used for various recreational activities and is a major stop for migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway. The Air Force has completed an initial assessment of the base and is currently working on a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) to determine the type and extent of contamination and identify alternatives for remedial action. The RI/FS report, scheduled to be released in the summer of 1989, was delayed to permit further investigation into the cause of a "swelling affliction" noted in horses and in humans in contact with horses in a grazing area of the base. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 TREASURE ISLAND NAVAL STAnOShHUNTERS POINT ANNEX San Francisco, California Hunters Point Annex of Treasure Island Naval Station, formerly the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, encoirpasses 936 acres (522 acres dry land and 414 acres submerged in San Francisco Bay) in the southeast corner of San Francisco, California. Established in 1869, the shipyard was the first privately owned dry dock on the Pacific Coast. The Navy first used the installation in 1919 to construct, maintain, and repair ships and in 1941 purchased it from Bethlehem Steel Co. Triple A Machine Shop leased the facility from the Navy during 1976-87, subleasing numerous buildings to private tenants. The Navy regained possession of the shipyard from Triple A in 1987, but continues .the subleasing. Operations of the facility over many decades generated a wide variety of solid and liquid wastes, including paints, solvents, fuels, acids, bases, metals, PCBs, and asbestos. Hunters Point Annex is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. The Navy has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including Industrial Landfill, Bay Fill Area, Pickling and Plating Yard, Battery and Electroplating Shop, Old Transformer Storage Yard, Power Plant, Oil Reclamation Ponds, Tank Farm, numerous spill areas, and areas leased by Triple A. The landfill and spill areas were unlined or undiked to •control migration of contaminants to ground water. Wastes and waste water were directly discharged into San Francisco Bay. • Benzene, PCBs, toluene, and phenols have been detected in on-site ground water in IRP tests conducted in 1987. A bottling company draws ground water from springs within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the annex. The company serves 19,000 people. Sediments contain elevated levels of'heavy metals and polyaromatic hydro- carbons. Area surface waters are used for recreational activities, commercial navigation, and fishing. The Navy is continuing IRP studies and has undertaken some interim cleanup measures. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1285 AIR FORCE PLANT PJKS Waterton, Colorado Air Force Plant PJKS covers 464 acres in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, northwest of Waterton, Jefferson County, Colorado, approximately 20 miles south-southwest of Denver. Since 1957, the plant has assembled missiles (Titan T, II, and III), tested engines, and conducted research and development. Chlorinated organic solvents were frequently used to clean equipment and piping, and fuels containing hydrazine were developed, purified, and tested in support of the Titan III program. The site is surrounded by an approximately 5,200-acre tract of land owned by the Martin Marietta Co., which was proposed for the NPL in September 1985 as Martin Marietta (Denver Aerospace). Since 1956, Martin Marietta has developed missiles and missile components for the Air Force. Its production, testing, and storage facilities are located southeast of and at a lower elevation than the Air Force property. Air Force Plant PJKS is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IMP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Air Force has investigated a number of potentially contaminated areas on the plant, including these five: the Deluge Containment Pond, a 2-million-gallon concrete-lined surface impoundment that receives water potentially contaminated with hydrazine from rocket engine testing; D-l landfill, which accepted construction debris, household wastes, and unspecified chemical wastes until 1974, when it was closed and covered; and three areas where hydrazine-contaminated water and tricnloroethylene (TCE) were spilled. Monitoring wells near the contaminated areas contain TCE, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and Freon 113, according to IRP tests conducted in 1988. Denver's Kassler Water Treatment Plant maintains two shallow wells 1.8 miles from contaminated monitoring wells. Water from the wells was previously blended with other water sources for distribution to the Denver Water Department's more than 1 million customers. Because of the potential for contamination and other reasons, the Kassler plant and the two wells have not been used for routine production of drinking water since 1986, but are maintained on an emergency standby basis. The 1986 tests also identified TCE and cis-l,2-dichloroethylene in Brush Creek, which flows from the plant 1.8 stream miles to the South Platte River. The South Platte is used for recreational activities. * Sludge dredged from the containment pond was piled directly on the ground. Because the piles', which contain chromium, are uncovered, sediment can be washed into Brush Creek. As part, of IRP activities, the Air Force has prepared a draft remedial investigation/feasibility study, which determines the type and extent of contamination at the plant and identifies alternatives for remedial action. EPA is reviewing the draft report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 CECIL FIELD NAVAL AIR STATION! Jacksonville, Florida The Cecil Field Naval Air Station covers 20,099 acres in rural southwest Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida. Established in 1941, the facility is now composed of Cecil Field Proper (9,516 acres), Yellow water Weapons Area (8,091 acres), and the Outlying Landing Field (2,492 acres). Cecil Field's mission is to provide facilities, services, and material support for the operation and maintenance of naval weapons and aircraft for the Sea Based Antisubmarine Warfare Wings, Atlantic. Tasks performed at this facility include operation of fuel depots, maintenance and repair of aircraft and engines, and special weapons support. . Cecil Field is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Navy in July 1985 identified 18 disposal areas located throughout the base, including landfills, lagoons, waste.piles, burn • areas, and spill areas. The majority of them received spent solvents, paint wastes, and wastes containing chromium and lead. Both soil and water in the surface and subsurface were.potentially contaminated. The Navy then set up a program of soil and water sampling for 10 of the disposal areas. During this program, a 19th disposal area was discovered. . . Three aquifers underlie Cecil Field: the surficial, which is used primarily for irrigation and fire fighting; the intermediate or "shallow rock," which supplies water to an estimated 2.,200 people via private wells within 3 miles of the disposal areas; and the Floridan, which is the major water source for Cecil Field. The private wells are threatened because no continuous clay layer has been found above the shallow rock aquifer. The major bodies of surface water on Cecil Field are Yellow Water Creek, and its tributaries, Caldwell Branch, Sal Taylor Creek, and Rowell Creek, which is dammed to form Lake Fretwell. Fresh water wetlands are within 450 feet of one of the disposal areas. The Navy plans to conduct further site investigations of releases and contaminant migration under a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and incorporating corrective action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 HOMESTEAD AIR FORCE BASE Homestead, Florida Homestead Air Force Base is in Bade County, approximately 25 miles southwest of Miami and 7 miles east of Homestead, Florida. The facility encompasses 2,916 acres with additional easements-of 429 acres. The area around the base is agricultural and residential. The base has jurisdiction over several remote annexes, but there is little evidence that hazardous substances have been disposed of at those locations. The base was activated in September 1942 and initially was operated by the Army Air Transport Command. 'After extensive hurricane damage in 1945, the base was turned over to Bade County, which used it for small commercial and indus- trial operations. In 1953, the Mr Force acquired the base and rebuilt it. Wastes have been disposed of on-site since the facility's inception. A landfill was operated in the 1940s, but little is known about this operation. . During Dade County's ownership, electroplating operations were conducted on the site, and plating wastes containing heavy metals and cyanides were allegedly disposed of directly on the ground. After the Air Force assumed control in 1953, hazardous substances were . disposed of in Fire Training Area 3, which was unlined and had no system to collect residual fluids, and the Residual Pesticide Disposal Area. Several spills also occurred, including one of PCBs from an electrical transformer. Homestead Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP studies have detected high concentrations of ethyl ether in ground water throughout and downgradient of Fire Training Area 3. Approximately 5,500 gallons of ethyl ether were disposed of in the area in January 1984. The Biscayne Aquifer, which underlies the site, has been designated as a sole source aquifer under the Safe Drinking Water Act. An estimated 1,600 people obtain drinking water and 18,000 acres of farmland are irrigated from wells into the aquifer and within 3 miles of the hazardous substances on the site. The base is surrounded by a perimeter canal, which discharges into Military Canal and ultimately into Biscayne Bay 2 miles to the west. The Air Force plans further investigations of releases of hazardous substances and their migration under the IRP and a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and incorporating corrective action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 JACKSONVILLE NAVAL AIR STATION • Jacksonville, Florida The Jacksonville Naval Air Station (WAS) is in southwestern Duval County, in Jacksonville, Florida. WAS occupies approximately 6 square miles on the shore of the St. Johns River near the headwaters of the Ortega River. The area around the station is cc-nmercial and residential. Since 1940, NAS's primary mission has been to provide services and materials to support aviation activities. NAS is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Navy used historical records, aerial photographs, field inspections, and personnel interviews to identify at least 40 potentially contaminated areas within the facility boundaries, including landfills, storage areas, lagoons, and spills. Wastes handled include waste solvents, oil and fuel, paint wastes, aqueous wastes containing heavy metals, acids, caustics, cyanide, paint stripper wastes containing chlorinated solvents and phenolics, radium paint wastes, and waste from medical radiological programs. In August and September 1983, a Navy contractor sampled soils and shallow ground water. Contaminants identified included trichloroethylene, 1,1- dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, PCBs, cadmium, chromium, lead, copper, and mercury. The potential exists for contaminated ground water to migrate off-site and endanger local water supplies. Private wells into shallow ground water within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the site provide drinking water to an estimated 300 people. Hazardous waste was deposited directly into the St. Johns River on NAS. A 1986 IRP report indicates that lead, chromium, and cadmium were found in the river, which is used for recreational activities within 3 miles downstream of NAS. Fresh water wetlands and critical habitats for the Florida manatee and the bald eagle, both designated as endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are on NAS. The Navy has taken interim measures to control runoff of oil and solvents from the old main dump into St. Johns River. The Navy also plans further investigation of releases of hazardous substances and their migration under a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and incorporating corrective action. 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 PENSACQLA NAVAL AIR S35VTICN Pensacola, Florida The Pensacola Naval Air Station (MAS) covers approximately 6,500 acres on a peninsula in southern Escanbia County, southwest of the City of Pensacola, Florida. MAS is bounded on the north by Bayou Grande and on the east and south by Pensacola Bay. MAS has been an industrial operations center since the early 1800s. Based at the station are various housing, training, and support activities, as well as the Naval Air Rework Facility (NARF), a large industrial complex for the repair and overhaul of aircraft engines and frames; the Naval Aviation Depot, which maintains and rebuilds aircraft; and the Navy Public WOrks Center Pensacola, which provides overall operational support for NAS. Other activities are essentially training commands. Outlying areas include landing fields, the Naval Reservation, Corry Field, and Saufley Field. NAS Pensacola is participating in the Installation Restoration Program '(IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Under IRP, the Navy has identified 34 areas potentially containing hazardous waste. Some are now inactive and are largely without records. Solid wastes have been disposed of primarily at two landfill areas, one west of a golf course and the other north of Chevalier Field. Liquid wastes from NARF •operations were discharged to storm sewers until 1973., when an industrial sewer system and waste water treatment plant were installed. Other activities involving hazardous substances include .pesticide application, transformer storage, and firefighting training. Spills or releases of plating wastes, organic solvents, waste paints 'and thinners, PCBs, and insecticides have been documented. . Benzene and ethyl benzene are present in monitoring wells near the golf course, according to a 1986 IRP report. An estimated 15,000 people on NAS Pensacola and 30,000 customers of Peoples' Water Co. obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the site. Surface water within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the site is used for recreational activities. As part of IRP, the Navy plans to further investigate releases and contaminant migration under a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and incorporating corrective action. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 198o MARINE CORPS LOGISTICS BASE Albany, Georgia The Marine Corps Logistics Base (MCLB) covers 3,200 acres in Dougherty County, about 5 miles east of Albany, Georgia. The base is surrounded by agricultural, residential, and commercial land. The Marine Corps constructed the facility in the early 1950s and has operated it since that time. The main function of the base is to coordinate distribution of supplies to other facilities on the East Coast. The Central Repair Division rebuilds .vehicles,- radars, and other kinds of equipment; the Facilities and Services Division repairs and maintains the 1XCLB property and equipment. These divisions generate a major portion of the hazardous wastes on-site through electroplating, cleaning, stripping, and painting operations. From 1957 to 1977, a storm sewer received large volumes of metal plating solutions and stripping wastes. This sewer, drains to a ditch that empties into the Flint River 4 miles to the west. Since 1977, these wastes have been piped to an on-site treatment plant or have been shipped off-site for disposal. Solvents, thinners, paints, sludges, and solid wastes reportedly were discarded in four on-site unlined landfills. Munitions, chlorine gas cylinders, acids, . solvents, and soil sterilants were buried in an additional landfill in the eastern section of the site. MCLB is participating in the Installation-Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate,and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. A 1983 IRP report indicates that trichloroetnylene was detected in monitoring wells near sludge drying beds. The 4,200 people living on the base obtain drinking water and 2,200 acres of farmland are irrigated by wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. • In 1986, a Marine Corps contractor detected DDE, DDT, and PCS in sediments from the bottom of a: drainage ditch into which hazardous substances were discharged. The Marine Corps cleaned up the sludge drying beds in accordance with a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The contaminated materials from the drying beds were removed and transported to a RCRA-regulated disposal facility. The beds were covered with a 12-inch concrete cap in October 1988. Part of the closure requires that six test veils be installed to pump ground water to the surface and treat it to remove the contaminants. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 Oahu, Hawaii Schofield Barracks, an installation of the Army Support Command, Hawaii, covers 17,725 acres in central Oahu, Hawaii. 'The area around the barracks is mostly rainforest; the closest municipality is Wahiawa to the north. The facility is divided into two areas: East Range and the Main. Post. Schofield Barracks was established in 1908 to provide a base for the Army's mobile defense of Pearl Harbor and the entire island. Industrial operations involve maintenance, repair, painting, and degreasing, all using various organic solvents. In April 1985 , the Hawaii Department of Health informed the Army that high levels (30 parts per billion) of trichloroethylene (TCE) had been detected in wells supplying drinking water to 25,000 people at Schofield Barracks. An additional 55,000 people in Wahiawa and Miliani obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. An Army investigation in May 1985 confirmed TCE contamination of drinking water wells, and recommended short-, medium-, and long-term measures. In September 1986, the Army started operating an air stripping facility to remove TCE from the contaminated Schofield Barracks wells, making the water safe to drink. Within 3 miles downstream of the base, Wahiawa Reservoir is -used to irrigate 3,000 acres of pineapple fields and is also used for recreational activities. Schofield Barracks is participating in the Installation Restoration Program. Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 IOWA ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT Middletown, Iowa The Iowa Army £mmunition Plant (IAAP) covers 19,127 acres in rural Des Moines County near Middletown, Iowa, approximately 10 miles west of Burlington. lAAP's primary mission since 1941 and intermittently to the present has been to load, assemble, and pack a variety of conventional ammunitions and fusing systems. The current operating contractor is Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. Wastes currently produced at IAPP consist of various explosive-containing sludges, waste water, and solids; lead-containing sludges; ashes from incineration and open burning of explosives; and waste solvent from industrial and laboratory operations. The explosives include trinitrotoluene (INT) , dinitrotoluene (END, and cyclomethylenetrinitramine (RDX). Past operations generated waste pesticides, radioactive wastes that have been removed from the site, and incendiaries. IAAP is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Army has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including "an abandoned 4-acre settling lagoon at.Line 800, which received explosive-containing waste water during 1943-70. It now holds an estimated 37,000 cubic yards of hazardous sludges.. A second area under investigation involves an earthen and concrete dam across Brush Creek, which was used during 1943-57. Waste water from Line 1 flowed through a 3.6-acre sedimentation area . where explosives settled out, and the liquids overflowed the dam into Brush Creek. IRP tests conducted in 1981 and 1983 detected TNT, DDT, and RDX in wells downgradient of the lagoon, and dam. An estimated 100 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the base. In 1984, IRP tests detected RDX and TNT in water from Brush Creek, and RDX, TNT, and lead in creek sediments. Surface water within 3 miles downstream of the site is used for recreational activities. Three incinerator-furnace units and a spray evaporation pond on IAAP are regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as.amended in 1986 IDAHO NATIONAL ENCTSEE3RING LABORATORY (USDOE) Idaho Falls, Idaho The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory' (UNEL), now owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), covers 890 square miles in southeast Idaho near Idaho Falls. ESEL is in parts of Bingham, Butte, Clark, Jefferson, and Bcnneville Counties. The Atomic Energy Commission set up the National Reactor Testing Station on the grounds in 1949 to build, test, and operate various nuclear reactors, fuel processing plants, and support facilities. Earlier, parts of the 890 square miles had been used by the Department of Defense. In 1974, the facility assumed its present name to reflect the broad scope of engineering activities it conducts. USEL consists of a number of major facilities,-including these three: Test Reactor'Area (TRA), Central Facilities Area (CFA), and Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (CPP). Most are operated by one of five contractors. The prime operating contractor is EG&G Idaho, Inc. All three facilities contribute contaminants to the Snake River Plain Aquifer and draw water from the aquifer. Approximately 17,300 tons of hazardous materials were deposited at TRA via a 560-foot injection well extending 100 feet into the Snake River Plain Aquifer and also into numerous unlined ponds and an earthen ditch. The materials included chromium-contaminated cooling tower blowdown water, waste solvents, sulfuric acid, radionuciides, and laboratory wastes. Hexavalent chromium is present in on-site monitoring and drinking water wells on TRA and CFA, according to 1985 and 1986 reports of "the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Snake River Plain Aquifer is the source of all water used at USEL and is an important water resource in southeastern Idaho. Over 3,000 people draw drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at USEL. Recent testing has identified contamination in additional areas of nxEL. Tests conducted in 1987 by DNEL and USGS at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex indicate that carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene (TCE) have migrated from where they were buried to the Snake River Plain Aquifer and that transuranic radionuciides have migrated to ground water. In December 1988, TCE was found in drinking water wells in Test Area North. Workers in the area are now being supplied with bottled water. USDOE has identified 300 areas that require additional investigation at UMEL. In July 1987, EPA, INEL, and the State of Idaho signed a Consent Order and Compliance Agreement under Section 3008(h) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act calling for investigation and cleanup. Negotiations are underway for a three-party Interagency Agreement covering CERCLA actions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1985 MDTJNI&IN HCME AIR FORCE BASE Mountain Home, Idaho Mountain Home Air Force Base covers approximately 9 square miles on a plateau in Elirore County southwest of Mountain Home, Idaho. 'The area around the base is primarily agricultural. The base, established in 1943, has been under the control of the Tactical Air Command since 1965. Mountain Home Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department' of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Under IRP, the Air Force has investigated numerous potentially contaminated areas, including two abandoned landfills, a waste oil disposal area, four abandoned and one active fire training areas, and the entomology shop yard, where pesticides were rinsed from application equipment. Wastes disposed of at these locations include solvents and pesticides. EPA tests conducted in October 1987 found elevated levels of tribromomethane (bromoform) in several on-site wells serving the base. Bromoform is a component of fire extinguishing agents and is also used as a solvent. Over 14,000 people obtain drinking water and land is irrigated from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. • The Air Force is developing a workplan for a remedial investigation/ feasibility study to determine the type and extent of contamination at the base and identify alternatives for remedial action. The workplan is expected to be completed in the fall of 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FORT RILEY Junction City, Kansas Fort Riley is near Junction City, Kansas, north of where the Republican ' and Smoky Hill Rivers meet to form the Kansas River, Most of the 152-square- mile Army base is in Riley County, with the remainder in Geary County. Most of the developed areas are in the southern portion, along the Republican and Kansas Rivers. The area around the fort is predominantly rural and agricultural. Established in 1853, Fort Riley was a major fort in this area during the Civil War. It is currently the headquarters of the U.S. Army First Infantry Division (mechanized) and host to over a dozen other units of the Department of Defense. There are six main centers of activity in Fort Riley. Camp Forsyth is on the floodplain of the Republican River, immediately north of Junction City. Camp Funston is on the floodplain of the Kansas River, immediately west of Ogden. Camp Whitside is on the Kansas River floodplain just west of Camp Funston. The Main Post is on the edge of the Kansas River floodplain across the Kansas River from the Main Post. Custer Hill is in the upland several miles north of the Kansas River. Operations on the facility have been varied, including seven landfills, numerous motor pools, burn and firefighting pit areas, hospitals, dry cleaning, shops, and pesticide storage and mixing areas. Vinyl chloride, pesticides',- waste motor oils, degreasing solvents, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), and mercury were deposited in landfills below the water table and spilled or dumped on the ground adjacent to buildings. The most serious problems are associated with a sanitary landfill at Camp Funston, spills of dry Gleaning solvents at the Main Post, and pesticide residues, also at the Main Post.- Fort Riley is participating in the Installation Restoration Project (IRP). Under this, program, established in 1978,. the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. A 1984 IRP study indicates that vinyl chloride is present in shallow (15-25 foot) monitoring wells downgradient of the Camp Funston landfill. The alluvial aquifer along the Republican and Kansas Rivers is the sole source of drinking water for Fort Riley, Ogden, and Junction City. A Fort Riley water supply well is 0.7 mile from a former dry cleaning building. Municipal and Army wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base provide drinking water to an estimated 46,800 people. Ground water is also used locally for irrigation. The Kansas River along Fort Riley is used for fishing and other recreational activities. Bald eagles, designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an endangered species, are seen regularly on the base. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1386 FORT DEVENS Fort Devens, Massachusetts Fort Devens is 35 miles west of Boston, Massachusetts, at.the intersection of four townships: Ayer and Shirley (in Middlesex County) and Lancaster and Harvard (in Worcester County). -The area is largely rural residential. Founded in 1917, Fort Devens has as its primary mission the training of active duty personnel to support various Army units. Fort Devens Sudbury Training Annex, 12 miles to the southwest, is also being proposed for the NPL at this time. Fort Devens covers 9,416 acres and can be divided into three areas: the 1,013-acre North Post; the 3,247-acre Cold Spring Brook Area, which is in the central part of the fort; and the 5,156-acre South Post. The first two .areas are separated by West Main Street between Shirley and Ayer; the Cold Spring Brook area and South Post are separated by State Route 2. Fort Devens is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978', the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP studies have identified 46 .potential hazardous waste sites, including: the 15-acre Explosive Ordnance Disposal (BOD) range (in the South ' Post), where explosives and unusable munitions have been detonated or burned in open unlined pits since 1979; the 50-acre sanitary landfill (in the North Post), where household wastes, military refuse, asbestos, construction debris, waste oil, and incinerator ash have been dumped since the 1930s; and Building 1650, where battery acids, PCBs, pesticides, and solvents have been stored. Monitoring wells near the sanitary landfill contain cadmium, lead, mercury, iron, and arsenic, according to tests conducted in 1987 by an Army contractor. An estimated 21,700 fort employees and Ayer residents obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the landfill; a Fort Devens well is 1,670 feet from the sanitary landfill. The 1987 tests also found arsenic, chromium, nickel, and lead in surface water near the sanitary landfill. An 8-mile section of the Nashua River lies within the fort's boundaries. The 630-acre Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge is in the east central portion of Fort Devens on land the Army deeded to the Department of the Interior in 1973. An 83-acre wetland is in the refuge northeast of BOD. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FORT DEVENS-SUDBURY TRAINING ANNEX Middlesex County, Massachusetts The Sudbury Training Annex to Fort Devens occupies approximately 4 square miles within Middlesex County, Massachusetts. . The annex includes portions of the towns of Sudbury, Maynard, Hudson, and Stow. The area around 'the base is . mainly agricultural interspersed with residential areas. Established in the early 1940s as the Maynard Ammunition Depot, the . installation became known as the. Maynard Ordnance Test Station after World War II. In the mid-1950s, the facility became known as the U.S. Army Natick Research and Development Command and was used for troop training and disposal of certain wastes from Natick Laboratory. Between 1980-and 1983, custody of the area was transferred to Fort Devens 12 miles to the northeast. The primary mission of both installations is to train active duty personnel to support various Army units. Fort Devens is also being proposed for the NFL at this time. Sudbury Annex is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department.of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. The Army has identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including 11 containing explosive'residues, chemical laboratory wastes, oil lubricants, and other toxic materials. According to a 1986 IRP report, two monitoring wells downgradient of two of the areas are contaminated with 1,1,1-trichloroethane, bis (2-ethylhexylphthalate), and benzene. The two areas, which are separated by an unnamed tributary to the Assabet River, are Waste Area A7 (a 20-acre gravel pit used from the 1940s to 1980s as a laboratory dump, general dump, and burning ground) and Waste Area A9 (a 7-acre area used since the 1950s for fire training by the State of Massachusetts). An estimated 35,700 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the waste areas. A private well is 1,600 feet from the waste areas. White Pond, which provides water to 12,000 residents of Maynard, is within 3 miles downstream of Waste Area A5, a 70-square foot pit where laboratory solvents were buried during 1973-79. A fresh water wetland is within 600 feet of the pond. In June 1985, 100-200 gallons of PCB-containing oil spilled from an out-of-service transformer in a remote abandoned area of Sudbury Training Annex. The Army removed 300 gallons of Aroclor 1260 and about 70 tons of PCB-contaminated soil to a facility regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act. In July 1985, four electrical transformer units were found in a remote section of the annex. .Bullet holes and dents were obvious in one unit, which permitted PCB-containing fluids to escape. The Army removed the transformers and some contaminated soil to a facility regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 OTIS AIR NATIONAL GUARD BASE/CAMP EDWARDS Falmouth, Massachusetts Otis Air National Guard Base (ANGB) and Camp Edwards cover approximately 21,000 acres of what is today known as the-Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) in Falmouth, Barnstable County, Massachusetts. The area is sparsely populated. Although the occupants and property boundaries iiave changed a number of times since M"1R was established in 1935, the primary mission lias always been to provide training and housing to Air Force or Army units. A review of past and present operations and waste disposal practices identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including eight covering 3,900 acres on the southern portion of MMR. Six of the eight are located within Otis ANGB property boundaries; Former Fire Training Area, Current Fire Training Area, Base Landfill, Nondestructive Testing Laboratory Leach Pit, Fly Ash Disposal Area, and a plume of contaminated ground water from a sewage treatment plant. The two remaining waste areas, the unit Training Equipment Site (UTES) and Property Disposal Office Storage Yard, are on Camp Edwards, which is currently leased to the Army. The materials associated with the eight areas are fly ash, bottom ash, waste solvents, waste fuels, herbicides, and transformer oil. While the Nondestructive Testing Laboratory operated (1970-78), waste solvents, emulsifiers, penetrants, and photographic developers -were deposited in the sanitary sewer system. Effluent from the sewage treatment plant was discharged into sand beds, where it seeped into ground water. In 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey detected trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and trans-l,2^dichloroethylene in monitoring wells downgradient of the plant. The plume of contaminated ground water extends 2 miles to the south. In 1983 and 1984, the Air Force detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in on-site monitoring wells near the Base Landfill and Current Fire Training Area. Monitoring by the Air National Guard and the State Department of Environmental Quality has detected VOCs in more than 200 private wells and 1 town. Water lines were installed in 1986-87 to the affected residences. EPA has designated the Cape Cod aquifer underlying MMR as a Sole Source Aquifer under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The municipalities of Bourne and Sandwich, as well as the Air Force, have drinking water wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the site. To date, they are not contaminated. Irrigation.wells are also within 3 miles. The drinking water of 36,000 people is potentially threatened. Ashumet Pond, less than 1 mile downslope of the Former Fire Training Area, is used for recreational activities. A fresh water wetland is 3,600 feet downstream of the area. The Air Force is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense • seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. The Air Force has investigated Air Force property only. A committee that represents all service branches on MMR is coordinating a second investigation that addresses the entire facility. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).as amended in 1986 LQRIM3 AIR FORCE BASE Limestone, Maine Loring Air Force Base covers nearly 9,000 acres in Arostock County in a sparsely populated area of northeastern Maine. Limestone is 2 miles to the east, Caribou 8 miles to the west, and the New Brunswick, Canada, border 3 miles to the east.. The area is sparsely populated. Loring lias .been active since 1952, and has been home to the Strategic Air Command's 42nd Bombardment Wing since 1953. Hazardous wastes generated on-base include waste oils, fuels cleaned from aircraft and vehicles, spent solvents (many of them chlorinated organic chemicals), PCBs, and pesticides. Historically, wastes have been burned or buried in landfills. Loring Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP tests reported in 1986 indicate that monitoring wells on the base are contaminated with methylene chloride, trichloroethylene (TCE), carbon tetrachloride, and barium. ' The wells are on or downgradient of several widely scattered disposal areas. Two are adjacent landfills, both old gravel pits,' covering 190 acres. Landfill 2 was used for disposal of hazardous wastes during 1956-74, and Landfill 3 from 1974 to the early 1980s. In the 0.5-acre Fire Department Training Area, large quantities of hazardous materials were landfilled until 1968 and burned until 1974. The 600-acre Flightline Area, with its industrial shops and maintenance hangars, was .a primary generator of hazardous waste on-base; most wastes were disposed elsewhere, although some probably were disposed of on the ground or concrete or in the storm and sewer drains. . . Soils in the Flightline Area also contain significant amounts of fuel; oil, and various volatile organic chemicals. An estimated 1,200 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base; the nearest well is less than 500 feet from where transformers were buried. Water in the Flightline Drainage Ditch (a 2,500-foot channelized portion . of a tributary to Greenlaw Creek) is contaminated with methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, TCE, and iron, according to the 1986 IRP report. The ditch receives storm water discharges from several sewers draining the Flightline Area and the Nose Dock Area, where fuels were handled. Surface water within 3 miles downstream is used for recreational activities. A fresh water wetland is 500 feet from Landfill 3. The 8,500 people on the base can come in direct contact with hazardous substances at the landfills and burn pit because they are inadequately fenced. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental.Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1985 NAVAL INDUSTRIAL RESERVE ORDNANCE PLANT Fridley, Minnesota The Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP) covers 83 acres in an industrial, commercial, and residential area in Fridley, Anoka County, Minnesota. Over 200,000 people live within 3 miles.of the site. The Mississippi River is 0.3 mile to the west. NIROP has produced advanced weapons systems since it was constructed in 1940. FtC Corp., NIROP's operating contractor, owns a 50-acre site bordering on the south. It was placed on the NPL in September 1983 under the name FM: Corp. (Fridley Plant). Industrial operations at NIROP generate organic-solvent and heavy-metal wastes. According to the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 43 drums of such wastes were buried at the landfill from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. Analyses conducted by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) found that soil and ground water on the site are contaminated with solvents, including acetone, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene (ICE), and methylene chloride. In 1981, three bedrock wells supplying drinking water to NIROP were taken out of service because of TCE contamination. Tests conducted by MPCA in 1982 on Fridley municipal well #13 did not detect TCE. An estimated 29,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. During 1983-84, the Army Corps of Engineers excavated 43 drums and'1,200 cubic yards of soil and transported the materials to EPA-regulated hazardous waste landfills. The actions were conducted as part of the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. On June 26, 1984, MPCA issued a Request for Response Action calling for the Navy and FM3 to determine the extent of surface water and ground water contamination, locate any additional disposal areas, and take cleanup action. In response, a network of monitoring wells was installed to gather information on patterns of ground water flow and contaminant concentrations. In July- August 1988, a remedial investigation/feasibility study was completed. EPA has not yet concurred on the report. An interim remedial measure is being designed involving pumping of ground water to the surface and treating it to remove the contaminants. As of June 1989, NIROP has held three Technical Review Committee meetings with EPA, M3PA, and local representatives, as well as one public meeting. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 WELDON SPRING FORMER ARMY ORDNANCE WORKS St. Charles County, Missouri The Weldon Spring Ordinance Works occupied over 17,000 acres in St. Charles County, 25 miles west of St. Louis, Missouri, during November 1941-January 1944, when it produced trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (EOT) for the Armed Services. A series of land transfers left the Army with. 1,655 acres, which it has operated since 1959 as the Weldon Spring Training Area for the Army Reserve. The land transfers included 220 acres to the Atomic Energy Commission. Some of the transferred land, now owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) , is radioactively contaminated and is on the NFL as Weldon Spring Quarry/Plant/Pits (USDOE/Army). The site covers two small areas of the former Ordnance Works. Other portions of the original Ordnance Works were transferred as follows: 38 acres to what is now the Frances Howell School District; 7,000 acres in the northern portion, which contained the magazine storage areas, to the State of Missouri to establish the August A. Busch Memorial Wildlife Area; 8,000 acres in the southern portion to the University of Missouri for an agricultural research area, a majority of which was later transferred to the State and became the Weldon Spring Wildlife Area; and 131 acres to the Frances Howell School, which was later transferred to the State. The Weldon Spring Army Ordnance Works is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP investigations have identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including seven unlined lagoons where TMT waste water was stored, TNT production lines 5-18, the EOT production line, a drainage ditch below TNT line 14, and nine areas where explosive wastes were buried. The contaminated areas are spread throughout the 17,000 acres of the former Ordnance Works, with the greatest concentration in the 1,655-acre Training Area. In 1987, a contractor to USDOE found TNT and DNT in monitoring wells near the lagoons, and TNT in surface water downstream of the lagoons. An estimated 70,000 people obtain drinking water from St. Charles County wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the site. Surface water in the area flows either to the Mississippi River watershed to the north or the Missouri River watershed to the south. Surface waters within 3 miles are used for recreational activities and to support wildlife. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 PEASE AIR FORCE BASE Portsrrcuth/Newington, New Hampshire Pease Air Force Base occupies 4,365 acres on a peninsula in Portsmouth and Newington, Rockingham County, New Hampshire. The area around the base is commercial-residential. From the 1950s to the present, the Air Force lias maintained aircraft at the base. A 1986 Air Force study identified 18 waste disposal areas on the base, 13 of which received hazardous wastes, including organic solvents, pesticides, paint strippers, and other industrial wastes. The study is part of the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, ' investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. The 13 disposal areas include 7 landfills, 2 areas where waste oil and solvents were burned; for fire fighting exercises, and 4 areas where solvents and other liquid wastes were discharged on the ground. At present, all hazardous wastes generated on the base are disposed of off-site at EPA-regulated facilities. In 1977, a well supplying drinking water to 8,700 people on the base was found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) in tests conducted by an Air.Force contractor. In 1984, the Air Force installed an aeration system to remove TCE from all base water supply wells. The system is no longer in use because TCE dropped below detection levels. An estimated 30,000 people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. According to a 1988 IRP report, heptachlor and lindane are contaminating surface water along the -surface run-off pathway from one of the landfills, and lead and zinc are in sediments of three major drainage ditches on the base. Shellfish are harvested from Great Bay and Little Bay, which are within 3 miles downstream of the base. The bays are also used for recreational activities. Because the bays and Piscataqua River are connected to the Atlantic Ocean, tides can move any contamination to the ocean. The base abuts Great Bay, which is a tidal estuary. Both coastal and fresh water wetlands are along surface water migration pathways from the disposal areas. Some disposal areas in the base are not fenced, making it possible for people and animals to come into direct contact with hazardous substances. The base holds a permit as a hazardous waste generator and storage facility under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as well as a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit to discharge treated waste water into the Piscataqua River. The Air Force plans to close the base and transfer the property to either the State or local government. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FEDERAL AVIATION AIMINISTRATICN TECHNICAL CENTER Atlantic County, New Jersey The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center covers 5,052 acres 8 miles northwest of Atlantic City in Atlantic County. The site borders the Garden State Parkway in southeastern New Jersey. Installations on the site include the Atlantic City International Airport, a New Jersey Air National Guard Station, and extensive FAA facilities. - Activities at the site started in 1942 with construction of a Naval air base". In late 1958, FAA, then known as the Airways Modernization Board, took over the operation and has used the facility as an airport and aviation safety research center. In 1984, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) contracted for an assessment of pollution sources that may impact the then proposed Atlantic City Municipal Well Field, to be located on the north shore of the Upper Atlantic City Reservoir within the FAA Technical Center boundaries. This investigation identified five areas as posing a threat to the proposed well field: the Salvage Area (Area 20A), where scrap materials and drums of hazardous waste oils and solvents were stored; the Fuel Mist Test Facility (Area 27), where jet fuels were sprayed and burned to test the antimisting properties of certain fuel additives; the Fire Training Area (Area 29), where fuel fire testing and fire training exercises were conducted; the Avgas Fuel Farm and Photo Lab (Area 41), where leaks from underground storage tanks, discharge of photographic lab wastes, and spillage of fuels may have occurred; and the Abandoned Navy Landfill (Area 56), an area south of the main runway used as a landfill by the Navy. Hydrogeological studies of the five areas indicated that development of the new well field could proceed. Since then, FAA has informed NJDEP and EPA of additional areas that may have an environmental impact. FAA is conducting a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) under NJDEP and EPA guidance. Tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, benzene, toluene, and 1,1,1- trichloroethane are present in ground water at Areas 20A, 29, and 56, according to a November 1984 report of NJDEP's contractor and initial results of FAA's RI/FS. Elevated levels of cadmium and chromium were found in ground water at Area 56. An estimated 68,000 people obtain drinking water from Atlantic City reservoirs, which are fed primarily by the north and south branches of Doughty's Mill Stream. The upper reservoir is on Technical Center property, as are nine new Atlantic City production wells. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 PICATINNY ARSENAL Rockaway Township, New Jersey Picatinny Arsenal covers 6,491 acres in Morris County, New Jersey. Most of the land is in Rockaway Township; small portions'of the western side are in Jefferson Township. Interstate 80 is about 1 mile southeast of the main entrance. The surrounding areas are suburban as well as summer vacation areas. In operation for over 100 years, the arsenal has been a major source of munitions in wartime throughout much of this century. Currently, its primary mission is research, development, and pilot plant production of explosives and propellants for the Army. Picatinny Arsenal is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP).. Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP studies have established that many areas on the arsenal are contaminated by manufacturing waste and unexploded ordnance. At least 54 potential hazardous waste areas exist on the base, according to a 1987 report of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. They include areas for testing rocket fuels, munitions, and propellants; areas where chemicals and shells were, buried; surface impoundments; landfills; drum storage areas; and a sludge bed. . • Monitoring wells and soils adjacent to unlined lagoons which, until 1981, held waste water from metal plating and etching facilities, are contaminated with trichloroethylene, trans-l,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethylene, according to tests reported to EPA in 1986. Some of these same wells have elevated concentrations of cadmium, lead, and copper. The arsenal's 5,500 employees obtain their drinking water from two wells upgradient from an area of confirmed ground water contamination. The 1986 tests also found PCBs and mirex (a chlorinated organic pesticide) in stream sediments of Green Pond Brook. In 1982, the brook had been dredged and the materials piled up nearby. The materials contain arsenic, cadmium,, and other heavy metals. Lake Denmark and Picatinny Lake, which are on the base, are used for recreational activities. In 1990, the Army is scheduled to clean up the contaminated ground water around the metal plating operations and submit to EPA a plan for cleanup of the entire arsenal. The plan will assign priorities for cleaning up the many contaminated areas. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY (USDOE) Upton, New York Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) covers 5,265 acres in Upton, Brookhaven Township, Suffolk County, New York, approximately at the center of Long Island, about 60 miles east of New York City. Much of the area is wooded, although commercial and residential development is underway. Used by the Amy as Camp Upton during World Wars I and II, BNL has been operated since 1947 by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract first to the Atomic Energy Commission, and now to the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). BNL is involved in design, construction, and operation of large, facilities such as particle accelerators and nuclear reactors used for research in high energy nuclear physics, energy-related life and environmental sciences, and material, chemical, and biological sciences. Most of the principal facilities are near the center of.the site. Outlying facilities occupy about 550 acres. Among them are the Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF), current landfill, former landfill/chemical holes area, sewage treatment plant, and a former ash fill area near an old incinerator. Areas where some accidental contamination has occurred include the Building 650 sump, HWMF, and the Central Steam Facility. Soil in several small areas contains low levels of radioactivity resulting from past landscaping activities, according to BNL. An estimated 3 tons per day of wastes were deposited in the former landfill, of which a small percentage was radioactive (including tritium) or hazardous waste. Among wastes were laboratory debris, unreclaimable partially decontaminated equipment, contaminated clothing, radioactive animal carcasses, and sanitary wastes. Sewage sludge was disposed of periodically.- Since the landfill ceased operating in 1966, chemical wastes have been hauled off-site. The current landfill began operating in 1967, accepting putrescible, nonputrescible, and building materials. Since 1981, putrescible waste has been hauled to a municipal landfill. Limited quantities of low-level radioactive materials were accepted until 1978. At HVMF, drum rinsing and spills of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and other volatile organic compounds resulted in a plume of contaminated ground water that is now being treated with an aeration process. In 1960, approximately 5 curies of radioactive slurry was pumped into a drinking water well near HWMF instead of into the fill pipe of a nearby underground tank. Monitoring indicates that the leading edge of this plume remains well within the site. On-site monitoring wells contain strontium-90, tritium, chloroform, aromatic hydrocarbons, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, according to BNL. An estimated 15,400 people obtain drinking water from BNL wells and Suffolk County Water Authority wells within 3 miles of BNL. The nearest fresh water wetland is the headwaters of the Peconic River, which is on BNL property about 1,500 feet upgradient of the former landfill. Surface water within 3 miles downstream of BNL is used for recreation. Investigations and cleanup projects are included in USDOE"s 5-year plan for Waste Management and Environmental Restoration. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 PtATTSBURTJI AIR FORCE BASE Plattsburgh, New York The Plattsburgh Air Force Base (FAFB) covers 3,440 acres in Clinton County, New York. The base is bordered on the north by the Saranac River and the City of Plattsburgh. Lake Chanplain is to the east and the Salmon River borders the base on the south. The base was activated in 1955 to serve as a tactical wing in the Strategic Air Conrnand. Ever since, the base has generated hazardous and potentially hazardous wastes by industrial shop operations, maintenance of aircraft, painting, fire fighting exercises, discharging of munitions, and spills. Contaminants generated include PCBs, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), trichloroethylene (ICE), dichlorobenzene (DCS), methylene chloride, and other organic solvents. Hazardous wastes were deposited in unlined landfills and burned in unlined pits. Toluene, TCE, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, and 1,2- dichloroethane are present in ditches draining areas where solvents and jet fuels were spilled. Tests conducted in 1987 found MEK, TCE,. and trans-1,2- dichloroethylene in two shallow monitoring wells downgradient of a drum storage area. An estimated 2,000 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of a base landfill. The Air Force is conducting field investigations which include sampling of soil, ground water, and surface water at several areas cited during a 1985 records search of hazardous waste and spill areas. . PAFB is participating, in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 SENECA ARMY DEPOT Romulus, New York The Seneca Army Depot encompasses more than 10,000 acres in Seneca County, New York. It lies between Cayuga and Seneca Lakes in the Finger Lakes region and abuts the town of Romulus. The Army has stored and disposed of military explosives at the facility since its inception in 1941. Seneca Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. During preliminary investigations, the Army identified a number of potentially contaminated areas, including an unlined 13-acre landfill in the west-central portion of the depot, where solid waste and incinerator ash were disposed of intermittently for 30 years during 1941-79; two incinerator pits adjacent to the landfill, where refuse was burned at least once a week during 1941- 74; a 90-acre open burning/detonation area in the northwest portion of the depot, where explosives and related wastes, have been burned and detonated during the past 30 years; and the APE-1236 Deactivation Furnace in the east-central portion of the depot, where small arms are destroyed. Monitoring wells on the depot downgradient of the old landfill contain elevated concentrations of trans-lf2-dichloroethylene- and trichloroethylene, according to tests conducted in 1987 by an Army contractor. An estimated 1,350 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the depot. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FEED MATERIALS FRCOJCTICN CENTER (USDOE) Fernald, Ohio The Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (USEOE), is 20 miles northwest of Cincinnati in the unincorporated town of Fernald, Ohio. The 1,450-acre site is in both Hamilton and Butler Counties. Generally, the area is rural, with a number of farms surrounding the site. The Production Area covers approxiinately 136 acres in the center of FMPC. Waste disposal areas are present at locations surrounding the Production Area within approximately 3,000 feet of the center of FMPC. Since the early 1950s, FMPC has manufactured metallic uranium fuel elements, target cores, and other uranium products for use in production reactors originally operated for the Atomic Energy Commission and now for USDOE. These processes have generated' large quantities of wastes, including low-level radioactive wastes, mixed hazardous and radioactive wastes, waste oils, waste solvents, and significant amounts of fly ash. Among the materials on-site are uranium, mercury, barium, thorium, tetrachloroettiylene, arsenic, and PCBs. Disposal practices and operational deficiencies have resulted in contamination of soil, ground water, surface water, and air. Major sources of contaminants include the Production Area, six waste pits, three waste storage silos, a storm sewer outfall to Paddy's Run (an intermittent stream), and an effluent line discharging into the Great Miami River. Uranium contaminates the. Buried Valley Aquifer, the sole source of drinking water for FMPC workers and most area residents, according to routine monitoring conducted in 1984 by FMPC. The contamination has resulted in closing of a downgradient private well. An estimated 1,100 FMPC employees obtain drinking water and 750 acres of land are irrigated by wells within 3 miles of FMPC. In 1985, FMPC detected high concentrations of uranium, technetium-99, and hexavalent chromium in the effluent line discharging to the Great Miami River, which is used for recreational activities within 3 miles downstream. Radon gas was detected in the atmosphere by on-site monitoring equipment in April 1986. USDOE is investigating FMPC under its Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program. An environmental survey has been completed at FMPC, and a remedial investigation is underway to determine the type and extent of contamination. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 M3UND PLANT (USDOE) Miamisburg, Ohio The Mound Plant encompasses 305 acres within the southern city limits of Miamisburg, Montgomery County, Ohio. Mound is bounded by an urbanized area to the north and east, rural/farmland to the south, and a railroad right-of- way to the west. Mound has operated since 1948 in support of U.S. weapons and energy programs, with an emphasis on small explosive components and nuclear technology. First operated by the Atomic Energy Commission, it is operated now by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). The facility employs 2,200 people, most of whom reside in the nearby Miamisburg and Dayton areas. Mound consists of two elevated areas divided by a small valley which runs in a northeast-southwest direction through the site. The major waste areas are on the south slope and valley of the northwest elevated area and include a landfill in which solvents, paints, and photo-processing and plating bath •solutions were deposited; several leach beds used to dispose of solutions containing radionuclides and/or explosive/pyrotechnic materials; and an area in which a solution contaminated with plutonium was spilled. The landfill operated from 1948 into the mid-1970s, and one or more of the leach beds operated at least 15 'years. The operating life and the quantity of wastes deposited are unknown for the.majority of the other waste areas. The Buried Valley Aquifer (BVA) underlies a portion of the valley area of the plant and is made up of relatively permeable outwash sand and gravel deposits. Miamisburg municipal wells are within 3 miles of the site and serve an estimated-17,000 people. There is some evidence indicating that tritium, Plutonium, and volatile organic compounds contaminate ground water, and that Plutonium contaminates surface water. A system of ditches, canals, and ponds carries surface water from the facility to the Great Miami River approximately 1 mile downstream. The river is used for recreational activities. Mound has a permit to discharge to surface water under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Mound acquired Interim Status under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act when USDOE filed Part A of a permit application. Mound has been evaluated under Phase I (which involves record searches and preliminary assessments) of the USDOE Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program. Phase II studies to confirm contamination are underway. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1936 TCBYHANNA ARMY DEPOT Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania Tobyhanna Army Depot covers 1,408 acres in Tobyhanna, l^fcnroe County, in the Pocono Mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania. Military operations started on the site in 1902. It assumed its present name in August 1962. The depot's primary mission is to provide maintenance and supply support to the Army. The 117 buildings on the depot include metal refinishing, electronic fabrication, electroplating, and degreasing operations, as well as waste water treatment plants, a hazardous waste storage area, and a landfill. All types of depot wastes, including plating wastes, paints* solvents, sewage treatment sludge, and solid wastes, were disposed of on-site prior to 1975. Tobyhanna Army Depot is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (-IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP investigations conducted in 1981 and 1986 found trichloroethylene (TOE) and cis-l,2-dichloroethylene in on-site monitoring wells, and TCE and tetrachloroethylene in on-site and off-site water supply wells. An estimated 5,000 people obtain drinking water from depot and private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the depot. Army tests conducted in 1986 found cadmium in soil in the plating shop area and in sewage treatment sludge. The sludge was in a'swamp that drains -to the south to Cross Keys Run and to the north to an unnamed tributary to Gouldsboro Lake. The lake, which is within 3 miles downstream of the landfill, is used for recreational activities. Oakes Swamp is within 1 mile of the landfill. The Army is conducting a remedial investigation and an endangerment assessment for the portion of the site contaminating the village of Tobyhanna's water supply. Future studies are planned for the remaining waste areas. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 DAVISVILLE NAVAL CXHSTRUdTOSJ BATTALION GUSHER North Kingstown, Rhode Island The Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center (NCBC) is 13 miles south of Providence in North Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island. The area is primarily single-family residential. A military installation since World War II, the site assumed its current name in 1951. Its primary mission is to provide mobilization support to Naval construction forces. NCBC consists of four areas: the Main Center located on Narragansett Bay;.West Davisville Storage area located 3 miles west of the Main Center; Camp Fogarty, a former training center located 4 miles west of the Main Center; and the deconmissioned Naval Air Station Quonset Point to the south of the Main Center, which was given to the Rhode Island Port Authority in 1974. The Navy has disposed of wastes in all four areas. NCBC is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. Under IRP, the Navy has identified at least 24 areas potentially containing hazardous substances. The Navy's investigations are focusing primarily on two areas: the Allen Harbor Landfill in the Main Center, which received solvents, paint thinners, degreasers, PCBs from transformers, sewage sludge, and contaminated fuel oil during 1946-72; and the Calf Pasture Landfill, which received "decontaminating agents" and various other contaminants. . • Several of the 24 potentially contaminated areas are no longer owned by the Navy and are being investigated by the Army Corps of Engineers' former facility program. The primary area the Corps is investigating is the Camp Avenue Landfill, which is part of the decontnissioned Naval Air Station Quonset Point. During 1943- 53, the landfill accepted drums of wastes, battery casings, and other-wastes. Ground water is shallow (2-4 feet in some areas) and soils permeable, conditions that facilitate movement of contaminants into ground water. An estimated 27,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the site. IRP studies conducted in 1986 identified lead,,cadmium, silver, mercury, and chromium in soil from the shoreline and sediments of Allen Harbor, which is a small inlet from Narragansett Bay. Clams are harvested from Allen Harbor. A fresh water wetland is adjacent to the Camp Avenue Landfill. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 NEWPORT NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING CENTER Newport, Rhode Island The Naval Education and Training Center (NETC) is spread along 6 miles of the western shoreline of Aquidneck Island, north of Newport, Newport County, Rhode Island. NETC facilities are also on Gould Island, west of Aquidneck Island. NETC covers 1,439 acres. Prior to 1973, it covered 2,692 acres. The Navy has used Aquidneck Island as a refueling depot since 1900. Additional fuel facilities were built during World War II, as were a supply station, barracks, farms, and a fire fighting training school. After the war, a number of research and development facilities and training centers were set up. NETC is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. IRP studies identified numerous potentially contaminated areas including the following. The 6-acre' McAllister Point Landfill, along the shore of Narragansett Bay, from 1955 to the mid-1970s accepted wastes consisting primarily of domestic refuse, spent acids, solvents, paint, waste oil, and PCB-contaminated oil. Similar wastes were deposited .at the 10-acre Melville North Landfill, located in a low-lying, wetland area along the shore of the bay. It was used from World War II to 1955 and sold to Melville Marine Industries/Hood Enterprises around 1984. Also in the Melville North area are two waste oil disposal areas; a sludge bed at an old sewage treatment plant, where oil was disposed of for 6 months; and two buried fuel tank farms. Another three farms are within 0.25 mile of the bay. Sludge from the farms was dumped on the ground or burned in chambers. On Gould Island is a disposal area on a steep embankment along 200 yards of the west shoreline. Wastes disposed of included domestic trash, scrap metal, wood, pipes, rusted drums, two diesel fuel tanks, and concrete blocks, and possibly electroplating and degreasing wastes. Gould Island Bunker 11 previously contained 10 drums, contents unknown. They were removed in 1982, and the bunker was later demolished. The site is in the southwest portion of the island within 100 feet of Narragansett Bay. This portion of the island is now under State control and is accessible to the public by boat. The Gould Island Electroplating Shop produced wastes similar to those deposited at the disposal area. The wastes probably were dumped directly into the bay. The shop is not accessible to the public. Lead and copper are present in monitoring wells in McAllister Point Landfill, according to a 1986 IRP report. An estimated 4,800 people obtain drinking water and 220 acres of land are irrigated from private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the site. Sediments collected from Narragansett Bay just off the shoreline of McAllister Point Landfill contain lead, copper, and nickel, according to the 1986 report. Surface water and ground water flow from the landfill into the bay, which is used for boating and fishing. Because the bay is an inlet to the Atlantic Ocean, it is influenced by tides. One tank farm is 300 feet from a coastal wetland. The Navy and the Army Corps of Engineers plan to undertake field work by October 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE) Aiken, South Carolina The Savannah River Site (SRS), formerly known as the Savannah River Plant, lias produced nuclear materials for national defense on a 192,000-acre site near Aiken in Aiken, Allendale, and Barnvell Counties, South Carolina, since 1951. First operated by the Atomic Energy Commission, it is now operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). The area around SRS is heavily wooded and ranges from dry hilltops to swampland. SRS operations generate a variety of radioactive, nonradioactive, and mixed (radioactive and nonradioactive) hazardous wastes. Past and present disposal practices include seepage basins for liquids, pits and piles for solids, and landfills for low-level radioactive wastes. •.,.. According to a 1987 USDOE report, shallow ground water on various parts of the site has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds (degreasing solvents), heavy metals (lead, chromium, mercury, and cadmium), radionuclides (tritium, uranium, fission products, and Plutonium), and other miscellaneous chemicals (e.g., nitrates). Contamination has been found in the A-Area Burning/Rubble Pit, where degreasers and solvents were deposited during 1951-73.. In 1985, trichloro-- ethylene (TCE) was detected in nearby monitoring wells. Soil in the A-Area Miscellaneous Chemical Basin, 'which reportedly received drums of waste solvents, also contains TCE. The 3,200 residents of Jackson, South Carolina, receive drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on SRS. A small quantity of depleted uranium was released in January 1984 into Upper Three Runs Creek, according to USDOE. The creek and all other surface water from SRS flow into the Savannah River, which is a major navigable river and forms the southern border between South Carolina and Georgia. Along the banks of the river is a 10,000-acre wetland known as the Savannah River Swamp. A March 1987 USDOE report indicates the swamp is contaminated with chromium, mercury, radium, thorium, and uranium, which overflowed from- an old seepage basin. USDOE is investigating SRS under its Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program. Under the program, USDOE is developing plans for studying several contaminated areas. Also, USDOE will close some areas on SRS and conduct postclosure monitoring under a permit issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 CMC RIDGE RESERVATION (USDOE) Oak Ridge, Tennessee The Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), operated by the U.S. Department of Energy {USDOE), covers about 58,000 acres in Oak Ridge, in Anderson and Roane Counties, Tennessee. The area around the reservation is predominately rural except for the City of Oak Ridge (population 28,000). ORR consists of three major operating facilities: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a research lab that includes nuclear reactors, chemical plants, and radiosotope production labs; Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, a production complex engaged primarily in the enrichment of uranium-235; and the Y-12 Plant, located immediately adjacent to the City of Oak Ridge, which produces nuclear weapon components, processes nuclear materials, and performs other related functions. ORR operations generate a variety of radioactive, nonradioactive, and mixed (radioactive and nonradioactive) hazardous wastes, many of which in the past were disposed of or stored on-site. Leakage from inactive disposal and storage facilities, coupled with spills and other accidental releases, has contaminated many areas in and around ORR. Metals, organics, and radionuclides have been detected in ORR soil, ground water, and surface water. At present, ground water contamination appears confined to ORR. A 1983 study by USDOE estimates that 733,000 pounds of elemental mercury were released to the environment in 'the 1950s and 1960s around the Y-12 Plant. Most of the contamination around Y-12 is confined to the upper 10 feet of soils and fill. Additional studies revealed that some 170,000 pounds of mercury are contained in the sediments and floodplain of about a 15-mile length of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC), which has its headwaters at Y-12, and that some 500 pounds of mercury annually leave this watershed. Mercury and cesium-137 have been detected at higher than background levels in sediments of the Tennessee River near Chattanooga, some 118 miles downstream of ORR. Seven water intakes in this 118-mile stretch provide drinking water to an estimated 43,200 people. Wetlands in the Blyth Ferry Water Fowl Management Area are also near the 118-mile stretch of the river. EFPC flows through the City of Oak Ridge, exposing people to mercury- contaminated soils in the easily accessible areas of the floodplains of the creek. USDOE has removed soil at several locations along the creek where mercury concentrations were particularly high. USDOE is investigating ORR under its Comprehensive Environmental Assessment and Response Program. Under the program, USDOE is conducting studies involving requirements of CERCLA and of permits issued under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The permits call for closing some units on ORR,conducting,postclosure monitoring, and evaluating over 500 solid waste management units under RCRA Sections 3004 (u) and (v). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 lOUGHQRN ARMY AWOSUTICN PLANT Karnack, Taxas Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP) covers 8,490 acres between State Highway 43 and Caddo Lake in Karnack, Harrison County, Taxas. The area is primarily rural. Established in 1941, LAAP has been operated since 1956 by Thiokol Corp. Its primary mission is to load, assemble, and pack solid propellant rocket motors and pyrotechnic and illuminating ammunition. Until about 1984, production wastes were washed into ponds or burned in landfills. At present, explosive residues, waste water treatment sludge from explosives, and brine sludge are burned in an incineration area. Liquid and solid wastes are now placed in drums and stored in separate areas until disposal is arranged. LAAP is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and.clean up contamination from hazardous substances. Under IRP, the Army has identified 11 contaminated or potentially contaminated areas. Among them are the Active Burning Grounds, where flammable wastes have been .burned since the early 1950s; the Uhlined Evaporation Pond (in the Active Burning Grounds), into which an estimated 16,000 gallons per day of waste containing arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, zinc, and organic nitrogen compounds were discharged during 1972-84; the Old Landfill, where trinitrotoluene (TNT) wastes were disposed of during 1942-44; the Former TNT Production Area; and the Ground Signal Test Area and South Test Area, where various rocket motors and ammunition are tested. A 1984 IRP study reports barium, chromium, and lead in sediments from the Uhlined.Evaporation Pond, and barium in soil from the Old Landfill. The study . also found that arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, zinc, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene are present in on-site monitoring wells near the Active Burning Grounds. An estimated 1,900 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on LAPP. The nearest well is 500 feet from LAAP's northern boundary. Dinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrobenzene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene are present in surface waters, according to the 1984 IRP study.. The contaminants originate from at least two areas in LAAP: the Old Landfill and the Former TNT Production Area. Harrison Bayou flows east of the Old Landfill; the Production Area is drained by Goose Prairie Creek and Central Creek. Goose Prairie Creek, Central Creek, and Harrison Bayou drain into Caddo Lake. Caddo Lake, a part of the Big Cypress Bayou, which flows into the Red River, is used for recreational activities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 lynSTnCELLO MILL TAILINGS (USDOE) MDnticello, Utah The Monticello Mill Tailings Site covers 78 acres at the southern edge of Monticello in San Juan County, Utah. The area is. in a sparsely populated part of southeastern Utah. The property to the south is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management. The U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) now owns the site. The mill opened in 1942, recovering vanadium from the uranium/vanadium ores of the Colorado Plateau. The Atomic Energy Commission, predecessor of USDOE, bought the site in 1948,' recovering uranium until the mill closed permanently in January 1960. In subsequent years, the two agencies took various actions to dismantle the mill, stabilize the piles of tailings, clean up the ore-stock pile areas, and demolish and bury the,;mill foundation. Ore processing activities at the mill generated large quantities of mill tailings that now cover approximately 68 acres. These tailings were segregated into four discrete piles on the basis of content and mill process: the carbonate pile, vanadium pile, acid pile, and east pile. The potentially radioactive contaminated materials (mill tailings and contaminated soils) total approximately 1.6 million tons, according to a 1984 USDOE report. In 1961, the tailings piles were covered with soil and revegetated. At least two piles have no liners. " • The site is underlain by a shallow alluvial aquifer; which is contaminated with arsenic (0.19 mg/1), selenium (0.16 mg/1), uranium (12.8 mg/1), and vanadium (4.7 mg/1), according to a 1988 USDOE report. Within 3 miles of the site, municipal and private wells tapping a deeper aquifer provide drinking water to an estimated 1,900 people. A municipal well is less than 1,200 feet from the tailings piles. MDntezuma Creek, which flows through the middle of the tailings piles, .is also contaminated with arsenic, selenium, uranium, and vanadium, according to the 1988 USDOE report. The levels of some contaminants exceed water quality standards. The creek is used for irrigation within 3 miles downstream of the site. Padon was present in the air near the piles in tests conducted in 1983-84 by a USDOE contractor. The nearest residential area is approximately 1,000 feet from the tailings piles, and agricultural land starts at 1,700 feet. USDOE is investigating the site under the Formerly Utilized Site Remedial Action Program. Under a CERCLA Section 120 Federal facility Agreement among EPA, USDOE and the State, USDOE is required to investigate and clean up the site to meet CERCIA standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive. Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 BANGQR NAVAL SUBMARINE BASE Silverdale, Washington The Bangor Naval Submarine Base covers 7,000 acres• on Hood Canal near Silverdale, Kitsap County, Washington. The area around the base is primarily residential. Established in 1946, it now has the primary mission of basing Trident submarines. In July 1987, a 6-acre hazardous waste site on the base known as Site A was placed on the NFL under the name "Bangor Ordnance Disposal." The Bangor Naval Submarine Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Navy has identified 19 additional waste areas within 1.5 miles of each other where industrial wastes and waste water containing explosives were mishandled. The areas include ordnance burn and disposal pits, pesticide storage and disposal areas, a PCB spill area, a portion of Hood Canal with contaminated sediments, and Clear Creek. Cyclonite (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), ammonium picrate, ammonium picramate, and propylene glycol dinitrate are present in numerous wells on the base, according to IRP tests conducted in 1983. An estimated 18,000 people, including base employees and local residents, obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. Ground water is also used for irrigation. The 1983 tests identified most of the same explosives, as well as copper and lead, in surface waters and shellfish in three locations on the base. The waters drain into Hood Canal and Clear Creek. Waste waters containing explosives were routinely discharged to surface waters, and ships in Hood Canal were painted with paints containing heavy metals. The Navy also has found these contaminants in shellfish in Hood Canal, which is used for recreational activities and contains commercially valuable fish and shellfish. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 BCNNEvTLLE POWER AEMI1SIISTRATION ROSS COMPLEX (USDOE) Vancouver, Washington The Eonneville Power Administration (BPA) Ross Complex has occupied approximately 200 acres in a residential area in Clark County north of Vancouver, Washington, since 1939. It became part of the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) when the department was established. Ross Complex serves as the control center for generation and transmission of electricity throughout the Pacific Northwest. According to a preliminary assessment made in 1986 by BPA, a number of storage and disposal areas pose a potential threat, including: DOB-1 Drainfield, where laboratory wastes were deposited; the Cold Creek Fill Area, where soil potentially contaminated with oil, PCBs, and heavy metals was disposed of; and the Fog Chamber Disposal Area, where capacitors containing PCBs were buried in trenches. In 1987 and 1988, BPA sampled an on-site well; analyses detected chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. An estimated 105,000 people in Vancouver obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. Cold Creek is 450 feet downslope of the site. It is fed by shallow ground water that flows under the Ross Complex. -Vancouver Lake, 1.5 miles from Cold Creek, is used for fishing and other recreational activities. In June 19-88, USDOE completed a site inspection of the Ross Complex. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- . National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 FORT LEWIS LOGISTICS CENTER Tillicum, Washington The Fort Lewis Logistics Center has operated on stout 650 acres southeast of Tillicum, Pierce County, Washington, since 1942. The area around the center is military and residential. Its primary mission is to maintain, repair, and store military supplies. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and trans-l,2-dichloroethylene (trans) are used as solvents at several locations and stored inside or adjacent to buildings. Until the 1970s, waste TCE and sludge containing TCE and petroleum were disposed of directly into the ground at three known areas in or adjacent to the center, which is in the northeast portion of the 86,500 acres occupied by Fort Lewis. Fort. Lewis (Landfill No. 5) was placed on the NFL in July 1987. Fort Lewis is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (ERP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. In 1986, IRP studies detected TCE and trans, as well as low levels of 1,1- dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 1,1-dichloroethane, in monitoring wells at the center. A plume of ground water contaminated with TCE extends toward Tillicum approximately 2 miles downgradiefit of the southern edge of the center, measures 2,500 feet wide, and reaches at least 80 feet below -the water table, which is at 5-20 feet below the surface. A plume of trans similar but slightly smaller is also present. The TCE plume passes within 100 feet of a public well serving Tillicum. The lower aquifer is also contaminated with TCE, according to tests conducted in 1988 by the Army. An estimated 46,000 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances at the center. As part of a Memorandum of Agreement signed by Fort Lewis and EPA on May 23, 1987, the Army is conducting a remedial investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the center. It is scheduled to be completed in the sunnier of 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 F.E. WARREN AIR FORCE BASE Cheyenne, Wyoming F.E. Warren Air Force Base is in Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming. The main base covers 5,866 acres and is 10 miles north of the Colorado border and 40 miles west of the Nebraska border.' Agricultural land is to the north, south, and west; undeveloped residential land to the northeast and southwest; Cheyenne to the east; and some industrial development to the southeast. The base began as an Army outpost in 1867 and became a part of the Air Force system in 1947. Since 1963, the 90th Strategic Missile Wing has been the host unit. Warren Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. As part of IRP, the Air Force has identified 18 areas as potentially containing hazardous substances that can migrate. Of the 18, 7 involve spills or leaks, 6 are landfills, 2 are fire training areas, 1 is a battery acid disposal pit, 1 is the firing range, and 1 involves surface water. The hazardous materials or leaks were primarily gasoline, oil, hydraulic fluid, ethylene glycol, battery acid, and trichloroethylene (TCE). The industrial wastes formerly disposed of. on the base consisted primarily of waste . lubricating oils, hydraulic fluid, ethylene glycol, solvents, batteries, battery acid, coal ash, fly ash, and paint. TCE and chloroform, both of which are involved in maintenance operations, are present in monitoring wells on the base, according to tests conducted in May and June 1987 by the U;S. Geological Survey (USGS). An estimated 2,400 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of hazardous substances on the base. USGS also detected lead in soil at the firing range, and TCE in Crow and Diamond Creeks on the base downgradient of spill areas. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- ADDENDUM ------- National Priorities List Superfund hazardous waste site listed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended in 1986 MATHER AIR FORCE BASE (AC&W DISPOSAL SITE) Sacramento, California Conditions at listing (October 1984): Mather Air Force Base is located near Sacramento, Sacramento County, California. Its mission as an air training command base is to train pilots and act as support for the Strategic Air Command. This effort includes maintenance of aircraft and other machinery. A records search of base operations has located a disposal site in the Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) area of the base. This is the current NFL site. It is now occupied by the Strategic Air Command Security Police Headquarters. The Air Force has determined that spent trichloroethylene (TCE) was disposed of in a pit on the site from about 1958 to 1966. A well near the . site was used for drinking water until October 1979, when it was shut down due to TCE contamination. The well now provides water for fire protection. Mather Air Force Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP). Under this program, established in 1978, the Department of Defense seeks to identify, investigate, and clean up contamination from hazardous materials. The Air Force has completed Phase I (records search). Phase II (preliminary survey) is underway. Status (July 1987): Phase II of the IRP for Mather Air Force Base has been divided into stages. The first stage investigated the cause and extent of contamination at three areas on the base, including the AC&W Disposal Site, considered by the Air Force to have high priority. The second stage investigated 15 other areas on the base. The" third stage, currently in pro- gress, continues the ground water investigation of Stage 1, with the drilling of additional monitoring wells and ground water sampling. Status (June 1989); The Mather Air Force Base (AC&W Disposal Site) was placed on the final NPL in July 1987. EPA is now proposing to expand this final site to include the entire base, not just the AC&W Disposal area. The original site had contaminated portions of the large aquifer near some base production wells. Since then, EPA has determined that gcJ.ijiti.onal areas of the base are responsible for further contamination of the aquifer, and may be responsible for contamination off-base. EPA is requesting comment on the proposal. The site would be renamed "Mather Air Force Base." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Remedial Response Program ------- |