Report on
fer Pollution
in the
j r
t
\ i
!
J\J
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
RAISIN RIVER
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
GREAT LAKES REGION
MAY 1967
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REPORT ON
WATER POLLUTION IN THE LAKE ERIE BASIN
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
RAISIN RIVER
MAY 1967
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Great Lakes Region
Detroit Program Office
U.S. Naval Air Station
Grosse lie, Michigan
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PREFACE
The southeastern Michigan area draining into Lake Erie has been
recognized as one of the major water pollution areas of the Lake Erie
system. Extending across the natural watershed boundaries of south-
eastern Michigan's major tributaries is the metropolitan area of Detroit
and its suburbs. The vater quality problems of Lake Erie, Detroit River,
Lake St. Clair, St. Clair River, and the individual tributaries are
interrelated and compounded by the urbanization and industrialization
of the area.
The complexity of the problem requires a comprehensive plan for
"CLEAN WATER" that takes into account the cause and effect relationships
of vater resource utilization from the headwaters of the smallest
tributary to the large vater reservoirs that constitute the Great Lakes.
This document was assembled by the Detroit Program Office, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, with the intention that it be used
together with information from other sources to develop a comprehensive
plan for water pollution control in the southeast Michigan tributaries
of the Lake Erie Basin. The intended purpose of the plan would be to
restore the usefulness of these waters for recreational purposes, provide
a more suitable environment for fish and aquatic life, and enhance the
value of this resource. It would improve the quality of the area's waters
for municipal and industrial purposes, aesthetic enjoyment, and other
beneficial uses
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Sout heas t Mich igon Drainage Area
Interstate Water
1 Raisin River
LAKE SUPERIOR
SCALE IN MILES
SO
ISO
200
DETROIT PROGRAM OFFICE-
GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
LAKE ERiEBASIN
RAISIN RIVER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
GREAT LAKES REGION GROSSE ILE, MICHIGAN
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LAKE ERIE BASIN
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
U.». OIPABTMCHT OF TW IKTIMIOM
FEDERkL **»f« fOLLOTIMI CQHTftOL ADHIMIITIATION
N(*T (.«! »f«IO« OIW lt(. MtCMItAI
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TABLE OP CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 5
Climate 7
Hydrology 8
Drought Flow 8
WATER USE . 9
Municipal 9
Industrial 9
Recreation * 9
SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES 13
Municipal 13
Industrial 15
POPULATION AND WASTE LOAD PROJECTIONS 29
WATER QJALITY 37
Chemical 37
Microbiology kO
Tributaries
Saline River kO
Little River Raisin 1*1
South Branch River Raisin 4l
Summary of Water Quality 43
SUMMARY AND WATER QJALITY PROBLEMS 79
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1. Municipal Water Supplies ..» 10
2. Projected Water Use 12
3. Municipal Waste Characteristics 16
U. Industrial Waste Inventory 2k
5. Population and Waste Flow Projections 31
6. BOD^ Projections 32
T. Sampling Stations
Mainstream 3^
Tributaries 35
8. Water Quality - Annual Bacteriological Densities kk
9> Water Quality - Annual Chemical Concentrations ...... Vf
10. Water Quality - Tributaries - Annual
Bacteriological Densities 52
11. Water Quality - Tributaries - Annual
Chemical Concentrations.... 53
12. Summary of Findings of Salmonella Survey ............ 76
ii
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LIST OF FIGURES
1. River Ralaln Basin 6
2. Municipal and Industrial Outfalls 23
3. Population and Municipal Waste Flow Projection 33
k. Location of Sampling Stations 36
5. Total Coliform - Seasonal Median Values 55
6. Dissolved Oxygen - 1966 Annual Values 56
T. BODj - 1966 Annual Values 57
8. COD - 1966 Annual Values 58
9. Nitrate - 1966 Annual Values 59
10. Ammonia Nitrogen - 1966 Annual Values 60
11. Nitrite - 1966 Annual Values 6l
12; Organic Nitrogen - 1966 Annual Values 62
13. Total Phosphate - 1966 Annual Values 63
Ik. Total Soluble Phosphate - 1966 Annual Values 64
15. Total and Dissolved Solids - 1966 Annual Values ...... 65
16. Suspended Solids - 1966 Annual Values 66
17. . Chlorides - 1966 Annual Values 67
18. Phenol - 1966 Annual Values 68
19. Iron - 1966 Annual Values 69
20. Total Coliform Seasonal Values 70
21. Distribution of Salmonella 78
iii
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INTRODUCTION
AUTHORITY
Comprehensive water pollution control studies were authorized by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956, as amended (33 USC U66 et seq.)
Sec. 3*(a) "The Secretary shall, after careful investi-
gation, and in cooperation with other Federal agencies, with
State water pollution control agencies and interstate agencies,
and with the municipalities and industries involved, prepare
or develop comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing
the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries thereof and
improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground
waters. In the development of such comprehensive programs due
regard shall be given to the improvements which are necessary
to conserve such waters for public water supplies, propagation
of fish and aquatic life and wildlife, recreational purposes,
and agricultural, industrial, and other legitimate uses. For
the purpose of this section, the Secretary is authorized to
make Joint investigations with any such agencies of the condi-
tion of any waters in any State or States, and of the discharges
of any sewage, industrial wastes, or substance which may adversely
affect such waters."
Sec. 5(f) "The Secretary shall conduct research and
technical development work, and make studies, with respect
to the quality of the waters of the Great Lakes, including
an analysis of the present and projected future water quality
of the Great Lakes under varying conditions of waste treat-
ment and disposal, an evaluation of the water quality needs
of those to be served by such waters, an evaluation of muni-
cipal, industrial, and vessel waste treatment and disposal
practices with respect to such waters, and a study of alternate
means of solving water pollution problems (including additional.
waste treatment measures) with respect to such waters."
Initiation of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Comprehensive Program
Activity followed an appropriation of funds by the 86th Congress late in
I960. In accordance with the provisions of the Act, the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare delegated the responsibility for the study
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to the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control of the Public Health
Service. Passage of the "Water Quality Act of 1965" gave the responsibility
for these studies to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
(FWPCA). As a result of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1966, the FWPCA was
transferred from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the
Department of the Interior effective May 10, 1966.
PURPOSE
This report presents the -water quality of the River Raisin, Michigan
as it exists today, and includes predictions of population, water use,
and vaste load trends for future years. Its purpose is to present informa-
tion that can be used as a basis for developing a basin-vide -water pollution
control program. The objectives of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration are to enhance the quality and value of the Nation's water
resources, and to prevent, control, and abate vater pollution through
cooperative municipal, State, and Federal pollution control programs.
SCOPE
The area covered by this report is the River Raisin drainage basin -which
is part of the Southeastern Michigan Area tributary to Lake Erie.
While some of the data from the entire River Raisin Basin are presented
herein, most of the -water quality data collected by Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration are in the main river between the Village of Clinton
and the mouth of the river at Monroe, Michigan.
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ORGANIZATION
The Detroit Program Office, located at the Naval Air Station,
Grosse lie, Michigan, began collecting water quality data on the
River Raisin in 1966. Its staff include specialists in several
professional skills, including sanitary engineers, hydrologists,
biologists, chemists and bacteriologists. The resources of the
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center at Cincinnati, Ohio
nave been utilized, and assistance and guidance have been obtained
from the Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project, Chicago.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Detroit Program Office has received the cooperation and
assistance of local, State, and Federal agencies, as veil as
interested individuals. The principal agencies taking an active
part in providing assistance in the preparation of the report are
as follows:
State Agencies -
Michigan Water Resources Commission
Michigan Department of Public Health
Federal Agencies -
U.S* Department of Commerce
Weather Bureau
Office of Business Economics
Bureau of Census
U.S* Department of the Interior
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Bureau of Sports, Fisheries, and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Geological Survey
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Area Description
The River Raisin is the thirteenth largest primary drainage system
in Michigan. The River Raisin drains an area of 1070 square miles and
discharges to Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan. The River Raisin Basin
includes most of Lenawee County and portions of Washtenaw, Monroe, Jackson,
and Hfn«d«3-e in Michigan, and a portion of Fulton County in Northern Ohio*
The river has its headwaters in northwestern Lenawee County approximately
^0 miles west of Monroe, Michigan. The river first flows southeasterly,
then northeasterly to Dundee, and finally easterly to its mouth at Iftke
Erie. The total fall of the river is about 500 feet.
The basin has a shape s1.m1.lAr to that of a frying pan with the last
fifteen miles of the river draining a narrow strip of land approximately
2.5 miles wide. A series of low-head dams are spaced at one-mile intervals
near the mouth of the river. Lake-affected backwater extends approximately
3 miles upstream to the first low-head dam. A dredged channel is maintained
by the Corps of Engineers in the lower 1.5 miles of the River Raisin to serve
the Fort of Monroe.
The River Raisin Basin is sparsely settled. The major population centers
are Monroe in Monroe County and Adrian in Lenawee County. Industrial activity
includes paper and manufacturing plants located in Monroe and electroplating
plants in Adrian.
The River Raisin Basin is bounded on the northwest by the Grand River
Basin, on the north by the Huron River Basin, on the east by Lake Erie, and
State of Ohio to the south, Figure 1.
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Tributaries to the River Raisin include the South Branch River Raisin
which flows through Adrian, Saline River, Black Creek, Swamp Raisin Creek,
and Macon Creek*
The topography of the River Raisin Basin is relatively flat. Exceptions
are the Irish Hills and the lake district in the northwestern part of the
basin. There is a marked difference between the north and vest portions and
the east and south portions of the watershed in soils and natural drainage.
The lighter textured well-drained soils occur in the uplands, while the heavier
textured and more poorly-drained soils occur in the lower lands. The western
section of the basin is characterized by moraines and the eastern section is
primarily glacial lake deposits.
The River Raisin Basin is influenced greatly by its location in the center
of the Great Lakes area which tends to modify the air masses that pass through
the area. The resulting climate can be described as having many storms, vide
seasonal temperature variation, and a relatively constant yearly precipitation
distribution. The precipitation in the winter months is usually in the form
of snow.
At Adrian, located roughly in the center of the Basin, the average
temperature is 50°F , with average summer and winter temperatures of 72°F
and 28°F, respectively. The normal yearly precipitation at Adrian is 32 inches
with ^9 percent falling during the 5 -month period, May through September.
The growing season averages 158 days.
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Hydrology
Location of U.S. Geological Survey Gages
There are three U.S. Geological Survey stream gaging stations in toe
River Raisin Basin. Of these three stations, one was utilized by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA) in this report. This
station is River Raisin near Monroe, Michigan located 0.8 miles downstream
from the Ida Maybee Road on the northeast "bank. It has a drainage area of
103!* square miles and has "been in continuous operation since September 1937*
The maximum and minimum discharges at this station are 12,900 and 2 cubic
feet per second (cfs), respectively. For the period of record, the average
discharge is 66l cfs.
Drought Flov
The one, seven, and thirty-day lov flows (once-in-ten-years) have been
calculated for the U.S. Geological Survey station near Monroe. They are
as follows:
One-day (once-ln-ten-years) 21 cfs
Seven-day (once-in-ten-years) 35 "
Thirty-day (once-in-ten-years) Vf "
8
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FLOW DURATION CURVE
RAISIN RIVER AT MONROE
1938-1964
10,000
Q
Z
o
o
UJ
in
a:
LU
Q.
UJ
u.
UJ
co
o
2
UJ
a:
o
to
1,000
100
10
\
\
\
\
0.01 0.05 O.I 0.2 O.S 12 5 10 20 30 40 SO 60 7O 80 90 93 98 99
TIME IN PERCENT OF TOTAL P.ERIOD
99.8 99.9 99.99
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WATER USE
Municipal Water Use
The River Raisin Basin has a population served by public water supplies
of about 7^,000 people. Except for Monroe, all the towns in the Basin get
their water from either wells or the River Raisin. Monroe takes its water
from Lake Erie*
Total municipal water use in the Basin is approximately 12 million
gallons per day (M3D). The 2020 projected use is expected to be around
J9T M3D.
Table 1 lists the present water supplies and the sources. In Table 2
the projected municipal water use for 1990 and 2020 are shown.
Industrial Water Use
This section will consider only the major Industrial water users in
the River Raisin Basin that obtain their water from other than public supplies.
The volume of this water is about 35 M3D. Projected water use for 2020 is
estimated to be 182 M3D. The projected industrial use is shown in Table 2.
Ford Motor Company plant at Monroe uses about 7 MGD of water for process
and cooling. They also use approximately 120 M3D of water for waste dilution
which will not be included in the present or projected use figures.
Water-Related Recreation
Lakes and streams in the River Raisin Basin are under increasing
pressure for various recreational uses. There are approximately 300 lakes and
ponds in the Basin with the majority located in the morainic headwaters area
adjacent to Irish Hills. These natural lakes and artificial impoundments
vary in size up to 800 acres. The shores of larger lakes are intensively
used for summer homes, with an increasing trend toward year-round residences.
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TABLE 1. MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES
River Raisin Basin
Town
Brooklyn
Bedford Twp.
Carle ton
Dundee
Erie Twp.
La Salle Twp.
Monroe
Petersburg
Add i son
Adrian
Blissfield
Cambridge Twp.
Brit ton
Clinton
Deerfield
Ons ted
Palmyra Twp.
Tecumseh
Manchester
Milan
Saline
1960
Pop.
1,000*
650
1,379
2,377
320
200
23,000
1,000
575
20,347
2,700
600
600
1,500
900
500
200
7,000
1,600
3,600
2,300
Owner**
MMM^HM
M
T
M .
M
P
P
M
M
M
M
M
P
M
M
M
M
P
M
M
M
M
Source
Wells in rock 40' to 131'
deep
Wells in rock 59' to 90'
deep
Wells in rock 98' to 100*
deep
River Raisin 50' of 12"
intake 10' deep
Wells in rock 125' to 200'
deep
Well in rock 101' deep
Lake Erie 5500' of 30" in-
take, 21* deep
Wells in rock 78' to 80'
deep, hydrogen sulfide
removal
Wells in drift 108' deep
Lake Adrian 30" intake
River Raisin
Wells in drift 85' to 90'
deep
Wells in drift 60' deep
Wells in drift 34' to 42'
deep
River Raisin
Wells in drift 154' & 178'
deep
Wells in drift 135' deep
Wells in drift 76' to 146'
deep
Wells in drift 117' deep
Wells in drift 82' to 102'
deep
Wells in drift 116' deep
Treatment
5
5
3 & 5
2
-
_
1 & 6
5
4
2 & 6
1
-
5
-
1
5
-
5 & 6
4
-
5 & 6
* Taken from "Data on Public Water Supplies in Michigan," Engineering Bulletin
No. 4 by the Michigan Department of Public Health.
**See Owner and Treatment Code, page 11.-
10
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OWNER AND TREATMENT CODES
Owner Code;
M => City or Village
T = Township
P = Private
D « District
C = County
S = State
U.S. » Federal
Treatment Code;
1. Std. Filtration*
2. Lime softening**
3. Zeolite softening
4. Iron removal
5. Chlorination
6. Fluoridation
* Implies at least Chlorination, chemical coagulation, and rapid sand
filtration.
**Ltme softening includes filtration.
11
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Recreation facilities include Onsted, Petersburg, and Sharonville State
Game Areas, Walter Hayes and Sterling State Parks, Aliens and Sand Takes
Public Fishing Sites, roadside parks, county and municipal parks and golf
courses. The River Ralaln Basin In 1965 had approximately 9,000 boa to
registered by residents. These boats are used on the numerous lakes and
streams of the basin as veil as on Lake Erie.
Boating, swimming, \ater skiing, and fishing are popular vater-oriented
uses in the basin. The main stem of the River Raisin from Clinton to Deer-
field, a total length of k2. miles, is a recognized canoe trail publized by
the Michigan Tourist Council and the Michigan Department of Conservation.
Recreation, inventory, and analyses are contained in the Bureau of
Outdoor Recreation report "Water-Oriented Outdoor Recreation Lake Erie
Basin" August 1966.
Table 2. PROJECTED WATER USE
(MOD)
Municipal*
Industrial
Total
"Includes water for small industries
1965
12
32-
vr
1222
3V
-H
111
2020
97
182
279
12
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SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OP WASTES
Municipal
The River Raisin has a population served by sewerage systems of
approximately 68,000 people. The total vastevater flow from the nine
plants is about 10.5 million gallons per day (MGD). Table 3 gives a
summary of the treated discharges of these plants and Figure 2 shows
their location.
The Michigan Department of Public Health requires that ^n sewage
treatment plants chlorinate their effluents year-round as of January 196?.
During 1965 and 1966 chlorination was required for all plants for a
minimum period from May 15 to September 15; however, some plants were
required to chlorinate continuously year-round.
All of the data in this section are based on monthly average figures
for 1965 as reported by the plants to the Michigan Department of Public
Health.
Adrian Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
This activated sludge plant is the second largest plant in the basin.
The population served of about 19,800 contributed in 1965 an average flow
of 2.83 MGD. The 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODc) varied during
this period from 7 to 3^ milligrams per liter (mg/l) with an average of
Ik mg/l. The BOD^ removal efficiency of this plant was about 93 percent. The
effluent was chlorinated continuously throughout the year.
13
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Blissfield Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
The Blissfield STP is a primary unit which served about 2600 people.
Average flow for 1965 was O.k9 MGD. Effluent BOD^ during the year varied
from 23 to 150 mg/1 with an average of 53 mg/1. Plant BODe removal was
14-3$. The effluent was chlorinated continuously year-round.
Clinton Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
This primary plant served about 1500 people which contributed an
average flow of 0.08 MGD in 1965. Effluent BODjj values averaged 13k mg/1
with variations between 116 and 152 mg/1. Plant BODj removal was 46$.
The effluent was chlorinated from May 15 to September 14*.
Dundee Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
The Dundee primary plant had an average flow of 0.2 MGD contributed
by a population served of 2300. There was limited information concerning
the effluent BODcj of this plant. BODj removal was about 36% which left
an effluent BODj value of 68 mg/1 in June 1965. The effluent was chlorinated
from May 15 to September 15*.
Manchester Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
This trickling filter plant served about 1600 people which contributed
an average flow in 1965 of 0.53 MGD. Effluent BODj values during the year
varied from 20 to 36 mg/1 with an average of 28 mg/1. Plant BOD5 removal
was 56$. The effluent was chlorinated from May 15 to September5 15*.
Milan Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
In 1965 an average wastewater flow of. 0.8 MGD was treated by this
trickling filter plant. The plant served about 3600 people. The 86$ BOD-
*1965-1966 colorination period was May 15 to September 15.
Ik
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removal held the average effluent BODj to 3^ mg/1 with only variations
between 25 and k$ mg/1. The effluent was chlorinated from May 15 to
September.; 15*.
Monroe Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
This primary plant was the largest in the basin with an average flow
iri 1965 of k.$k MGD. This plant served about 27,000 people in the
Monroe area. Effluent BODjj values varied during the year from 49 to 98 mg/1
with an average value of 75 mg/1. Plant BODc; removal was 59$*** The
effluent was chlorinated from May 15 to September 15*.
Saline Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
The 2300 people served by this trickling filter plant contributed
an average flow of 0.32 MGD in 1965. The average effluent BODc of ^5 mg/1
was'due to the 82$ removal of the plant. The effluent was chlorinated
from May 15 to September 15*.
Tecumseh Sewage Treatment Plant
1965
This trickling filter plant removed about 80$ of the BODc contributed
by its population served of 7300. The 1965 average flow was 0.71 MGD.
Effluent BODe values varied during the year from 33 to 62 mg/1 with an
average of ^5 mg/1. The effluent was chlorinated continuously throughout
the year.
Industrial
Seventeen industries discharged wastes directly to watercourses within
the River Raisin Basin. A total discharge of approximately 156 MGD of
**1963 value from 1965 PHS Report Detroit River-Lake Erie Project.
15
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TABLE 3. MUNICIPAL WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Plant Name
Adrian
Bliesfield
Clinton
Dundee
Manchester
Milan
Monroe
Saline
Tecumseh
Tlt>w
(MGD)
2.83
0.49
0.08
0.20
0.53
0.80
4.54
0.32
0.71
5- Day
BOI^
14
53
134
68
28
34
74
45
45
Temp.
°P
62
57
-
59
54
66
60
56
59
Susp.
Sol id s*
. 35'
57
124
59
23
34
62
50
75
Susp. Vol.
Solids *
27
41
99
36
15
24
46
28
47
pH
7.2
7.4
-
7.4
7.7
7.5
7.4
-
7.7
* Reported as mg/1
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industrial waste originated from electroplating operations, paper mills,
cement production, chemical companies, fabricating and manufacturing
companies, and automative plants. Table k shows the industrial waste
inventory and Figure 2 their outfall locations.
Treatment or control provided by these industries has been rated by
the Michigan Water Resources Commission as adequate for 9 industries,
inadequate for 5 industries, adequacy or control not determined for 2
industries and control provided-protection unreliable for one /industry
as of April 1, 1966.
17
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Avis Indus tries-Kurd Lock Division is located in the City of Adrian
and discharges vastes from electroplating operations to the South Branch
River Raisin. The average flow is 0.28 MGD and the significant vaste
constituents are chromium, copper, and cyanide. Treatment consists of
chemical oxidation of cyanide, chemical reduction and precipitation of
chromium, and neutralization by intermixing acid and alkaline vastes.
Sanitary sevage is discharged to the City of Adrian. Treatment is rated
as adequate by the Michigan Water Resources Commission.
Buckeye Products Corporation is located in the City of Adrian «-pd;
discharges vastes originating from electroplating operations to the South
Branch River Raisin. The average flov is 0.2 MID and contains concentra-
tions of chromium, copper, and cyanide. Treatment consists of chemical oxidation
of cyanide, chemical reduction of chromium, and neutralization by intermixing
of acid and alkaline vastes. Sanitary sevage is discharged to the City of
Adrian for treatment. Adequacy of treatment has not been determined by the
Michigan Water Resources Commission.
Consolidated Packaging Corporation-north Side Division is located vithin
the City of Monroe and discharges to the River Raisin. The average flov
from the manufacture of liner board from vaste paper and corrugating medium
from straw is 7.5 MGD with the main vaste constituents being BOD^, suspended
solids, and coliforms. Treatment includes coagulation and settling. Sanitary
sevage is treated by the City of Monroe. Treatment is rated as inadequate by
the Michigan Water Resources Commission (KvJRC). Plans are being prepared for
construction of new facilities.
18
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Consolidated Packaging Corporation-South Side Division is located in
Monroe and discharges to the River Raisin. The average flow of 7.0 M3D
originates from paper board manufacturing* The principal waste constituents
are suspended solids, BOD^, and conforms. Treatment cdnalata of sedimentation.
Sanitary sewage is treated by the City of Monroe. Treatment is rated as
inadequate by the MWRC. Plans are being made for new facilities.
Dundee Cement Company, located in Dundee Township, Monroe County,
discharges wastes from the production of cement to Mason Creek, a tributary
of the River Raisin. The average flow is l.U M3D with suspended solids and
pH being the major waste constituents. Waste treatment consists of a
clarifier and is rated as inadequate by the State. Action is underway to
improve the degree of treatment.
Gray, Inc. is located in the City of Tecumseh and produces electric
components. The average discharges to the River Raisin is 0.01 KID and
contains no significant pollutants. Treatment consists of a holding *-a«ic
and chlorination. Sanitary wastes are treated by the City of Tecumseh.
Treatment has been rated as adequate by the MWRC.
Ford Motor Company-Metal Stamping Division is located in Monroe and
discharges wastes originating from electroplating operations to the River Raisin,
The average flow is 130 M3D with the principal waste constituents being cyanide,
copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc. Treatment consists of dilution, chemical
coagulation, and alkaline chlorination. Waste treatment is inadequate QT>^
requires a higher degree of cyanide removal. Sanitary wastes are treated
in a primary-type plant with chlorination.
19
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Hoover BaH and Bearing Co.-Universal Die Casting Div. is located in
Saline and discharges vastes from electroplating operations to the Saline
River, a tributary of the River Raisin. The average flow is 0.57 MGD vith
discharges of cyanide, copper, and chromium. Treatment consists of oxidation
of cyanide vith chlorine, and the precipitation and settling of the metal
components. Sanitary sewage is discharged to the Saline municipal treatment
plant. Treatment is rated as adequate by the MWRC.
Monroe Auto Equipment Company is located in Monroe. This company dis-
charges 0.02 MGD containing chromium, soluble and free oils, and cooling
vater. Soluble oils are hauled avay. Sanitary sewage and chromium -wastes
are treated by the City of Monroe. Treatment is rated as adequate by the
MWRC.
Monroe Paper Products Company, located in Monroe, discharges -wastes
from the manufacture of paperboard to the River Raisin. The average discharge
of 2.2 MGD contains solids, BODj, and coliforms. Treatment consists of
chemical coagulation and sedimentation. Treatment is rated as inadequate
by the MWRC. Plans are being prepared f or nev facilities. Sanitary sevage
is treated by the City of Monroe.
RevcOj Inc. is located in Deerfield and discharges from the production
of refrigeration equipment an average of 0.03 MGD to the River Raisin. Waste
constituents consist of vasher vater and bonderite. The bonderite solution
is treated -with sodium bisulfite to reduce the chromate. Sanitary vastes
are treated by a septic tank and tile field.. Treatment is rated as adequate
by the MWRC.
20
-------
Simplex Paper Corporation, located in Palmyra Township, Lenawee County,
discharges 0.25 M3D from the production of building paper to the River Raisin.
The principal waste constituents are solids, clay, coloring materials, and BODc.
Treatment consists of a save-all. The adequacy of the control provided has
not been determined by the MWRC. Sanitary sewage is treated in a septic
tank and tile field.
Stauffer Chemical Company-Anderson Chemical Div. located in Weston, produces
metallic-organic chemicals. An average flow of 0.23 M3D is discharged to
Black Creek, a tributary of the River Raisin. Waste constituents include
acid, alkali, BODij, and chlorides. Treatment consists of a lagoon and HCI
recovery. Sanitary sewage is treated by a company-extended aeration plant
with chlorination. Treatment is rated as adequate by the MWRC.
Tecumseh Products Company, located in the City of Tecumseh, manufactures
refrigeration equipment. Wastes consist of 1.1*4 M3D of cooling -waters vfaich
are discharged to.the River Raisin. Sanitary sewage is discharged to the
City of Tecumseh for treatment. Control is rated as adequate by the MWRC.
Union Bag-gamp Paper Company-River Raisin Paper Company Div. is located
in Monroe. Wastes, averaging 4.57 MGD, originate from the manufacture of
boxboard and are discharged to the River Raisin. The main waste constituents
are suspended solids and BODc;. Treatment consists of chemical coagulation
and settling. Treatment is rated as inadequate by the MWRC. Plans are being
prepared for additional treatment facilities. Sanitary sewage is treated
by the City of Monroe.
21
-------
Wolverine Fabricating and Manufacturing Company is located in Dundee.
Wastes averaging 0.03 KGD and containing solids are discharged to the River
Raisin. No industrial waste treatment is provided. The plant control is
rated as adequate Toy the MWRC. Sanitary sewage is discharged to the City of
Dundee for treatment.
As a result of the enforcement conferences on Detroit River and Lake
Erie pollution, an agreement was reached between the MWRC and various industries
and municipalities to provide remedial action. These agreements were presented
by MWRC at Third Conference, Lake Erie Pollution 3/22/6? The schedule
for completion of treatment facilities is shown below.
River Raisin Time Schedule for Remedial Action
Industrial and Municipal Treatment
Industry Construction Completion
Time Container Corp.
Monroe Paper Products Div. 1/1/69
Consolidated Packaging Corp.
North Plant 1/1/69
South Plant 1/1/69
Union Bag-Camp Corp.
Monroe 1/1/69
Ford Motor Company
Monroe 12/1/68
Municipal
City of Monroe 1/1/69
Prenchtown Township 5/1/69
Monroe Township 5/1/69
22
-------
CONSOLIDATED
PAPER CO.
NORTH SIDE DIV.
OOVER BALL & BEARING
CO. ANN ARBOR PLANT
CONSOLIDATED -
PAPER CO.
WEST SIDE DIV.
IONROE STEEL
CASTING CO.
MONROE AUTO
EQUIPMENT CO
CONSOLIDATED
PAPER CO.
SOUTH SIDE DIV
MONROE STP
JACKSON jgL
HILLSDAI_e~~Co"
__I_!.___*AYME eg
*^ MONROE CO
BTAUFPER
CHEMICAL CO
LEGEND
Municipol ft Industrial Watt* Outfalls
T80 FWPCA Sampling Stations
MUNICIPAL 8 INDUSTRIAL WASTE OUTFALLS
RAISIN RIVER BASIN
-------
TABLE 4. RAISIN RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY
1965
Industry Location
Avis Industries -
Hurd Lock Division Adrian
Buckeye Products Corp. Adrian
'
ro Consolidated Packaging Monroe
**" Corp. - No. Side Plant
Consolidated Packaging Monroe
Corp. - So. Side Plant
Dundee Cement Co. Dundee
./Gray, Inc. Tecumseh
Receiving
Stream
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
Riyer
Macon
Creek
Raisin
River
Waste
Constituents
Chrome
Acid, alkali,
toxic metals
Coliform,BOD,
susp. solids
Coliform,BOD,
susp. Solids
Solids, H2S,
caustic
Toxic metals
Waste Flow Treatment
(MGD) Provided
0.28 Reduction with
bisulfite, ppt
w/lime, sludge
settled & hauled
away
0.20 CN-oxid.w/chlor.
Cr& red w/bisul-
fit«
7.50 Sedimentation
7.00 Sedimentation
1.40 Lagoon- aeration
0.01 Holding tank
batch chlorin.
MWRC Rating
1966*
A
B
E
E
DC
A
Note: *A - Adequate control.
B - Control provided - adequacy not established.
E - Inadequate control.
DC - Control provided - protection unreliable - construction underway.
-------
TABLE A. RAISIN RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY (cont.)
1965
ro
Industry Location
Ford Motor Company Monroe
Hoover Ball & Bearing Saline
Co. - Universal Die
Casting Co. .
Hoover Ball & Bearing Pittsfield
n Co. Township
Monroe Auto Equip. Co. Monroe
Monroe Paper Products Co. Monroe
Receiving
Stream
Raisin
River
Saline
River
Wood
Outlet
Drain
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Waste Waste Flow
Constituents (MGD)
Toxic metals, 130.00
oil, CN
Acids, alkali, 0.57
toxic metals, CN
Cooling water 0.03
None 0.02
Coliform,susp. 2.20
solids, BOD
Treatment
Provided
Dilution, chem.
coagulation,
alkaline chlor.
CNg w/ chlor. ,
Cro red w/bisul-
fite, ppt of Cr3
w/lime, 3 waste
lagoons
None
None
Sedimentation,
chem. coagulation
MWRC Rating
1966*
' Ep
A
A
A
E
Note: * A - Adequate control.
E - Inadequate or treatment.
Ep - Control inadequate - plans being prepared.
-------
TABLE 4. RAISIN RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY (Cont.)
1965
cr\
Industry
Revco, Incorporated
Simplex Paper Corp.
Stauffer Chem. Co. -
Anderson Chem. Div.
Tecumseh Products Co.
Union Bag- Camp Paper
Corp. -River Raisin
Paper Co. Div.
Wolverine Fabricating
& Mfg. Co.
Receiving
Location Stream
Deerfield Raisin
River
Palmyra Raisin
River
We s ton Black
Creek
Tecumseh Raisin
River
Monroe Raisin
River
Dundee Raisin
River
Waste
Constituents
Washer water,
bonderite
Fiber, BOD
Acid, alkali,
organics
Cooling water
only
Susp. Solids,
BOD
Paper, Fiber
Waste Flow
(MOD)
0.03
0.25
0.23
1.44
4.57
0.03
Treatment
Provided
Treat bonderite sol
w/sod. bisulfite to
reduce Cr^
Save-all
Lagoon
None
Sedimentation
None - wet lap
machine
MWRC Rating
1966*
A
B
A
A
E
A
Note: *A - Control adequate.
B - Control provided - adequacy not established.
E - Control inadequate.
-------
TABLE 4. RAISIN RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY (cont.)
(Waste Components - pounds per day)
Industry
Avis Industries -
Hurd' Lock Div.
Buckeye Products
Corp.- Adrian
Consolidated Paper
Co.
North Plant
South Plant
Dundee Cement Co.
(5/18/66)
Gray , Inc .
Ford Motor Co. -
Monroe
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co. -
Univ. Die
Casting
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co. -
Ann Arbor Plant
Flow Susp. Sett. Oil
(MGD) BOD5 Solids Solids (gals) Fe Cu Zn Cr
0.28 -.. _ - ._ _ - Q'.35
0.2 - - - «_-. 8.3 - 2
7.5 17,200 7,800 780 123 - ...
7.0 7,000 10,600 5,300 36 - 15
1.4 480 1,750 - - - .-
0.01 No significant pollutants
130 9,600 - - 1,700 - 700 125 136
0.57 - - - - - 3.3 18.5
0.03 Cooling water
-------
TABLE 4. ' RAISIN RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY (Cont.)
(Waste components - pounds.per day) .
Industry
Monroe Paper Prod.
Co.
Revco, Inc.
Deerfield
Simplex Paper
Corp. - Palmyra
Monroe Auto Equip.
Co.
Flow
(MGD)
2.2
0.03
0.25
0.02
Stauffer Chem. Co.
Anderson Chem. Div.
Weston : 0.23
Tecumseh Prod. Co.
Union Bag- Camp
Cor p. -Monroe
1.44
4.57
Susp. Sett. \ Oil
BOD5 Solids Solids (gals) Fe Cu Zn Cr
1,900 1,480 1,400 5 15 3 93
No significant pollutants
500 - - - -
i
Cooling water
430 15 -
Cooling water
11,770 3,600 320 92 20 ...
Wolverine Fabri-
cating & Mfg. Co.
Dundee 0.03
60
50
-------
POPULATION AND WASTE LOAD PROJECTIONS
Demographic studies vere conducted "by the Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins Project, Chicago for the southeastern Michigan portion of the Lake
Erie drainage basin of vhich the River Raisin is a part. Population trends
on a national, regional, and county basis vere analyzed and population pro-
jections vere developed for the River Raisin Basin. Included in the River
Raisin population projections are the two drainage areas tributary to Lake -
Erie as shown in Figure 1.
The population centers in the River Raisin Basin are Monroe (22,968),
Adrian (20,3Vf), and Tecumseh (7,045) according to I960 census figures.
The total 1960 population in the River Raisin Basin, including the
population of incorporated and unincorporated areas, vas estimated to be
208,000. By the year 1990, the total population vas estimated to increase
to U00,000, of vhich 210,000 would be municipal and served by sewerage
systems. In 2020, the total population vas estimated to be 760,000, of
vhich 590,000 would be municipal population. In the River Raisin Basin,
each municipal area vas analyzed and it vas determined that-these .areas
would be urbanized and served by sewerage systems in 1990. and 2020.
Table 5 shows the estimated populations and waste flow projections for
the River Raisin Basin in 1990 and 2020.
For the River Raisin Basin, 1965 population served by municipal sewage
systems vas 68,000. This population served vas used, to determine the
1965 BODj loading to the River Raisin. BODj projections vere based on present
day inventory information obtained from the Michigan Water Resources Commission,
Michigan Department of Public Health, and U.S. Public Health Service.
29
-------
The results of the BOD^ projections are shown in Table 6. Total
BOI>5 to the River Raisin, vith removal of 63 percent for municipal vastes,
and an assumed removal of 1*3 percent for industrial \tastes, vas determined to
"be 53,190 pounds per day. In 1990 and 2020, those vas tee will amount to
121,500 and 297,000 pounds per day, respectively.
30
-------
TABLE 5. POPULATION AND WASTE FLOW PROJECTIONS
Population Served
Waste Flows (MGD)
; Municipal
Residential
Industrial
1965
68,000
8.5
2.0
1990
210,000
23
4
2020
590,000
70
10
Subtotal 10.5 27 80
Industrial* 40 88 208
(direct to river)
Total to Raisin River 50.5 115 288
(MGD)
*Does not include approximate 120 MOD used by Ford Motor Co. for dilution
water.
31
-------
TABLE 6. BOD5 PROJECTIONS (#/day)
Untreated BOD
Municipal
Residential
Industrial
1965
11,500
2,060
Subtotal 13,560
1990
37,800
4,500
42,300
2020
118,000
10,800
128,800
Industrial 86,200
(direct to river)
190,000
450,000
Total Untreated BOD
99,760
232,300
578,800
Treated BOD to Raisin River 1965
Municipal
With present 68% removal 4,290
With 90% removal 1,356
" With 95% removal 678
With 99% removal 136
Industrial (direct to river)
With present 43% removal 48,900
With 90% removal 8,620
With 95% removal 4,300
With 99% removal 860
Total BOD to River Raisin
With present ]fffi, removal 53,190
With 90% removal 9,680
With 95% removal 4,840
With 99% removal 970
1990
13,500
4,230
2,100
420
108,000
19,000
. 9,500
1,900
121,500
"23,230
11,600
2,300
2020
41,200
1,290
640
130
256,000
45,000
22,500
4,500
297,000
57,900
29,000
5,800
-------
FIGURE 3
POPULATION AND MUNICIPAL
WASTE FLOW PROJECTIONS FOR THE
RAISIN RIVER BASIN
1,000,000
o
UJ
>
a:
Id
CO
100,000
a.
O
a.
10,000
1 1 1 i i i i i i
i i i i i r 1 1
/X
!
i 1 J t I i 1 t I
100
Q
o:
LJ
o.
CO
O
_j
_i
o
z
o
I960
1970
1980
1990 2000
YEARS
2010
£020
203O
-------
TABLE 7. RIVER RAISIN SAMPLING STATIONS
MAINSTREAM STATIONS
Station
T80
T8L
T82
T83
T84
T85
T86
T87
T88
T89
T90
T310
T315
T320
T325
T330
T331
T335
T340
T350
T365
Mile Point
0.00
0.50
1.13
1.56
1.95
3.00
3.40
3.55
4.25
4.95
13.40
22.00
23.75
30.30
39.20
50.00
. 57.30
bl.20
66.95
71.20
79.70
Location
Mouth of River Raisin between buoys 11 and 12
600' below confluence of channel connecting below
Plum Creek Bay and River Raisin
500* below Turning Basin between buoys 15 and 17
Below Monroe sewage treatment plant
Under 1-75 bridge in Monroe
Winchester St. bridge in Monroe
Macomb St. bridge in Monroe
N. Monroe St. bridge in Monroe
Roessler St. bridge in Monroe
US-git - bridge in Monroe
Ida-Maybee Rd. bridge upstream of USGS gage
Railroad bridge in Dundee
*W-23 Bridge in Dundee
Petersburg Rd. bridge
So. County Highway bridge in Deer field
Intersection of Blissfleld and Iffland Rd. below
Blissfield sewage treatment plant
Crockett Rd. bridge
U.S. 223 bridge in Palmyra
Academy Rd. bridge at USGS gage
Sutton Rd. bridge at USGS gage
Stair Rd. bridge downstream from Clinton
-------
TABLE 7. RIVER RAISIN SAMPLING STATIONS (cont.)
TRIBUTARY STATIONS
Confluence
Station Mile Point On Tributary Mile Point
T301
T303
T316
T332
T3VT
O.UO Saline River 17AO
17.30 Saline River 17.to
0.50 Little River Raisin 18.^0
0.60 Swamp Raisin Cr. 2^.50
0.10 Black Creek 55»90
1.85 South Branca 68.95
4.70
South Branch
68.95
Location
Bigelow Rd. bridge
Maple Rd. bridge
Stovell Rd. bridge
Davis Rd. bridge
Crockett Rd. bridge
Howell Hwy. bridge
near Adrian
College St. bridge
in Adrian
35
-------
LCSEND
FWPCA SAMPUNfl STATION
FWPCA STAFF QAQES
A 1)303 STREAK OAOCS
LOCATION OF SiMPLINO STATIONS
RAISIN Riven gisilt
-------
WATER QUALITY
Mainstream River Raisin
Water quality measurements made in 1966 presented in this report are:
total coliform, dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day "biochemical oxygen demand (BODj),
chemical oxygen demand (COD), notrogens (ammonia, organic, nitrate, and
nitrite), phosphates (total and total soluble), solids (total, suspended,
i
and dissolved), total hardness (as Ca3), calcium, conductivity, chlorides,
' g-fo'l
iron, phenol, and pR. Values from these measurements are found in Table4 8-11
Cj 'JfO . I . . '
and Figure^ 5-20.
Samples were collected on a biweekly basis at twelve locations on the
main stem and seven locations On the tributaries. The survey extended from
February 9 > 1966 to January 11 , 1967* A total of 20 sampling runs were
completed for most stations. Temperature determinations were made in the
field and the dissolved oxygen samples acidified with titrations being made
at the laboratory. All other analyses were initiated and completed at the
laboratory.
In 1966 the River Raisin survey consisted of stations from T089, mLlepoint
4.95 (MP 4.95) upstream to 0365, milepoint 79.7 (MP79.7). Station T089 is
located above the polluted Monroe area as stated in the 1965 Detroit River-Lake
Erie Report. A limited number of water quality measurements were made at
station T080, located at the mouth of the River Raisin, to indicate whether
the level of pollution had changed since the 1965 Enforcement Conference on
the Detroit-Lake Erie Project.
Chemical
«.
Dissolved oxygen averages ranged from 8.0 to 11.0 mgl from T365, MP 79 7
below Clinton, to T089, MP 4.95 vithin the City of Monroe and decreased
37
-------
to 3.3 mgl at TOSO, MP 0.0 belov the City of Monroe. At T080 the
value vas 0.2 mgl which vas found during the summer 'months and indicated
that there -was no change since 1962-1964 -when zero DO values were found. The
maximum value at TOSO vas 10.3 »gl found during the fall and vas the lowest
of the maxlimnn values found on all the sampling points as shown on Figure 6.
BODj averaged from 3 to 5 mgl between 5365 and T089. At 1365, MP 79.7
belov Clinton,T335>, MP 6l.2 belov Tecumseh and the South Branch of the
River Raisin which carries wastes for Adrian, and T330, MP 50.0 belov
Blissfield, maximum values of 11 to 13 mgl were found during the summer months
as shown on Figure 7.
COD averaged 22 to 4l mgl from 1365 to T089 vith the greatest averages
found at T335 and T331. The highest value, 98 mgl, was found at T335 as shown
on Figure 8.
High levels of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were found as shown on Figures
9 and 10. The nitrate average at 1365 was .5 mgl and continued to increase in
a downstream direction until 3*5 mgl was found at T089* From TO&9 to TOSO, the
nitrate concentration reduced to 1.2 mgl. The nitrate concentration averages
between T3^0, MP 66.9 belov Tecumseh and the South Branch River Raisin, «mfl
TO&9 were above 1.6 mgl, and the navxtenaw values ranged from 7. It to llt.it mgl.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations averages were .26 to .68 mgl from T365 to
TO&9, with the averages over .50 mgl at T3*tO, T335, and T331. Maximum values
over 1.00 mgl were found bejreeen T350 (MP 71.2 belov Tecumseh but above the
South Branch River Raisin) and T331, MP 57.3 above Black Creek.
From T365 to T089, nitrite averages ranged from .02 to .05 mgl the highest
values at T3UO, and organic nitrogen averages ranged from .12 to ,22 mgl
(Figures 11 and 12).
-------
Total and total soluble phosphates at all sampling points had values
(as FO^) over .0^5 mgl. From T350 to TO80, average total phosphate values
vere over .60 mgl, and average total soluble values were over .Uo mgl. The
highest values vere recorded between T3^0 and T330 with values over 1.00 mgl
(as FO^) as shown on Figures 13 and Ik.
Solids (total, dissolved and suspended) generally showed an increase from
station T365 to station T089. Total solids averages increased from 373 to
553 mgl. Suspended solids averages were from 19 to 65 ngl with the averages
at T331 and T330 being 1*1 and 65 mgl, respectively, as shown on Figures
15 and 16.
Conductivity, calcium, chlorides, and hardness generally showed a gradual
increase from 1365 to T039 (1365 to T080 in case of chlorides - see Figure 17").
The only exception was for total hardness when at T330 the highest average of
mgl was found.
Phenols for all sampling points, T365 to T080, had values of 5 to 12 ug/1,
all above the U.S. Public Health Service drinking water standard of .1 ug/1.
The phenolic concentration average in 1966 at T080 was 8 ug/1 compared with
the average of 7 ug/1 that was reported in the 1965 Detroit River-Lake Erie
Report as shown on Figure 18.
Iron averages were from .9 to 1.9 mgl while maximum values of l.S to
5.7 mgl were found at all of the sampling points (T365 to T089*; as shown
in Figure 19*
pH values were constant with a range of values found from 8.0 to 8.2 mgl.
39
-------
Microbiology
Coliform densities which were divided into three seasons: pre chlorination,
January 1 - May I1*, 1966; chlorination, May 15 - September 15, 1966; post-
chlorination, September 16 -January 11, 1967; are found in Figure 20 and
Table 8. Medians did not fall as expected during the chlorinating season.
Some sampling points such as T3^0, MP 66.9* and T335* MP 6l.2 (influenced
by Adrian and Tecumseh areas), T330, MP 50.0, and T325, MP 39.2 (influenced
by Plissfield STP), and T320, MP 30.3 (influenced by Petersburg - no
treatment), had density medians greater than the non-chlorinating seasons
January 1 - May 14 and September 16 - January 11, 1967. Adrian, Tecumseh,
and Blissfield STP chlorinated year-round in 1966. During the chlorination
season, nine of the twelve sampling points had medians over 2^00 organisms/
100 ml. Overall coliform densities were high and at T080, MP 0.0 mouth of
the River Raisin and below the Monroe STP, the medians were 106,000 and
200,000 organisms/100 ml during the non-chlorinating seasons and a median
of 6kOO organisms/100 ml during chlorination.
Tributaries
Saline River
Sampling points, T303 and T301, are located in the Saline River.
Station T303, MP 17-3 from River Raisin, is located above the Milan STP and
T301, MP O.k from the River Raisin, is located below the STP. Coliform
densities 'for both points were approximately the same with the medians over
2^00 organisms/100 ml. DO, BOD^, COD, pH, and chlorides were not at serious
levels. Phenols and phosphates decreased as water flowed from T303 to T301
- while nitrogen, conductivity, and solids increased.
-------
From T303 to T301, there was a continuous reduction in concentration
averages except for nitrates - 1.0 to 2.2 mg/1, and total solids - 562 to
602 mg/1, and dissolved solids - 5^1 to.580 mg/1. Even with reduction
from T303 to T301, nutrient averages were high; total phosphate - 1.^5
to 0.82 mg/1, total soluble phosphate - 1.15 to 0.68 mg/1, ammonia nitrogen
- .87 to .70 mg/1, and organic nitrogen - .17 to .16 mg/1.
Conductivity, phosphates, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, and ^11 solids
from T301 would affect the water quality in the River Raisin.
Little River Raisin
Station T304, MP O.k from confluence with River Raisin, is located in
the Little River Raisin and receives the effluent discharge from the Dundee
Cement Company located on the Macon River a short distance upstream. There
were extremely high average levels of conductivity - 1096 umhos, nitrate -
5»7 mg/1, and total solids - 1^*80 mg/1, dissolved solids - 1^23 mg/1, and
suspended solids - 56 mg/1. Phosphates, phenols, and ammonia and organic
nitrogen were at levels which could affect the water quality.
Conductivity, nitrates, and solids would be detrimental to the water
use of the River Raisin .."because of their extremely high concentrations.
South Branch River'Raisin
Station T3^7, MP k.f from confluence with River Raisin, is located
above the Adrian STP and station T3^6, MP 1.8 from confluence with River
Raisin, is located below the STP. Water quality was affected by industries
and the Adrian STP.
At station T3Vf, average total phosphates were .63 mg/1, total soluble
phosphates - .29 mg/1, nitrates - 2.6 mg/1, total solids - 566 mg/1,
-------
dissolved solids - ^96 mg/1, suspended solids - 71 mg/l> ammonia nitrogen
- .3^ mg/1, organic nitrogen - .IT mg/l> said, phenols - 8 ug/1. Coliform
medians for all seasons were over 2^00 organisms/100 ml.
At station T3^6, below the Adrian STP, all vater quality measurements
except solids vere approximately the same as T3^7, but coliforms increased
dramatically. The average found at T3^6 were: phenols - 10 ug/1, total
phosphates - 3.40"mg/1, total soluble phosphates - 2.38 mg/1, nitrates -
mg/1, ammonia nitrogen -.97 mg/1/ and organic nitrogen - ,fk mg/1.
-------
Summary of Water Quality
The various water quality measurements made in 1966 indicate that the
upper River Raisin, between stations T365 and T089, is in various stages of
pollution. Coliform densities, before, during* a&d after the chlorination
period at most sampling points, were above 2^00 organisms/100 ml. Nutrient
measurements (phosphates and nitrogen compounds) were at a very high level.
Dissolved oxygen, BODtj, and COD concentrations appeared to be at lov pollution
levels. Phenols, for all sampling ranges, were above the U.S. Public Health
Service drinking water standards of 1 ug/1 and may cause taste and odor
problems. Iron and solid measurements show high levels of these pollutants
which can cause problems for water users.
In 1966, the water quality measurements such as coliforms, DO, nitrates,
phosphates, chlorides, and phenols, made at station T080, mouth of the River
Raisin, showed that the degree of pollution in the River Raisin has not changed
since 1962-1964, the years covered by the 1965 Detroit River-Lake Erie Report.
The significantly lov DO values, high coliform densities>.high nutrient values
(nitrates and phosphates), and high phenolic concentrations show that there
is significant pollution in the River Raisin*
The Little River Raisin adversely affects the River Raisin with its high
conductivity> nitrates, and solids load.
The South Branch River Raisin carries into the River Raisin high coliform
densities, and nutrient concentrations (phosphates and nitrogen).
-------
TABLE 8. RIVER RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL E4CTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
iv"\Rr>
JLvOvJ
T089
£
T090
T310
T320
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
?re -chlorinat ion
(Jan
Total Fecal
Coliform Coliform
106,000
150,000
61,000
2
2,300
9,300
750
7
5,000
32,000
3,500
5
5,500
15,000
2,900
7
5,500
1*0,000
i*,8oo
*
*l^o6 values - Membrane filter
-
- .
-
230
720
60
7
630
1,000
1*00
5
590
2,900
1*60
7
980
3,700
1*60
U
1-May Ik}
Fecal
Strep
-
. -
.
"
32
330
16
5
96
320
90
3
100
560
1*0
6
80
88
72
2
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
6,1*00
7,900
5,700
3
960
1*1*, 000
290
8
2,500
27,000
300
8
31,000
820,000
3,700
8
23,000
1*7,000
i*,6oo
8
Fecal
Coliform
-
-
-
170
610
60
6
170
1,600
Uo
6
1*,1*00
31,000
2l*0
8
3,600
8,900
3^0
7
15 -Sept Ik}
Fecal
Strep
-
-
-
220
950
32
6
130
650
5!*
6
250
2,500
30
7
520
3,500
60
6
Post-chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliform
200,000
980,000
10,000
3
1,900
11,000
660
5
5,600
25,000
1,300
5
62,000
630,000
5,000
5
Fecal
Coliform
.
-
.
380
970
160
5
1*00
1,800
50
5
1,100
ll*,000
>370
5
15 -Jan 11)
Fecal
Strep
.
-
-
170
530
1*0
*
160
1*80
52
1*00
1,1*00
90
u
M *
M « »
Technique (MF/lOOralj
-------
TABLE 8. RIVER RAISIN - WATER QJALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
T325
T330
1
T331
^335
T3^0
*1966
Med
Max
Min
NS
Hed
Max
Min
. NS
-Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
?re-chlorination (Jan
Total Fecal
Coliform Coliform
750
1,300
190
2
2,700
80,000
350
7
2, toO
78,000
2,300
3
27,000
66,000
k,koo
7
l,6oo
6,700
Uoo
6
values - Membrane
80
100
60
2
60
1,200
50
7
200
5,200
20
3
1*00
6,000
ito
7
69
^.100
10
6
1-May U)
Fecal
Strep
>10
1
20
5^0
10
5
1»70
890
50
2
160
1,200
f
13
22
8
U
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
1U,000
73,000
650
6
20,000
^7,000
1,100
7
Fecal
Coliform
280
U,8oo
^100
6
510
3,000
80
7
15 -Sept U)
Fecal
Strep
1*00
2,100
180
5
lUo
1,700
50
7
1,500
1
1^2,000
73,000
5,500
8
57,000
L,900,000
2,300
8
1,900
2,800
100
7
VTO
25,000
> 27
8
130
710
70
7
120
1,1|00
6k
7
Post -Chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliforai
3,700
16,000
1,800
5
Fecal
Coliform
260
59tf
70
5
15 -Jan 11)
Fecal
Strep
180
1*20
58
k
* » .
" ^
26,000
79,000
3,200
5
2,500
15,000
1,000
5
1,100
6,eoo
i-110
5
78
Uoo
50
5
200
480
86
V
73
390
60
V
filter Technique (MF/lOOml)
vn
-------
TABLE 8. RIVER RAISIN - WMBR QUALITY
ANKUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
T350
5365
-p-
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Pre -Chlorination (Jan
Total
Coliform
4,100
7,200
1,100
. 7
21,000
160,000
6,000
6
Fecal
Coliform
100
690
4o
7
2,800
6,500
900
6
l-May 14)
Fecal
Strep
60
280
5
5
720
2,700
300
5
Chlorination (May 15 -Sept 14)
Total Fecal Fecal
Coliform Coliform Strep
1,800 230 210
6,500 490 1,700
690 50 10
866
3,700 4lO 290
13,000 810 610
600 70 28
7 7 6
Post -Chlorination (Sept
Total Fecal
Coliform Coliform
4,900 240
48,000 3,200
1,100 70
5 5
32,000 3,700
190,000 11,000
8,400 2,100
5 5
15 -Jan 11)
Fecal
Strep
170
1,300
88
4
770
8,800
370
4
*1966 values - Membrane Filter Technique (MF/lOOrnl)
-------
TABLE; 9. RIVER RAISIN - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL VALUES 1966
Station
TObO
Avg
Max
Min
NS
T089
Avg
Max
5" Min
NS
T090
Avg
Max
Min
NS
T310 -
Avg
Max
Min
NS
T320
Avg
Max
Min
NS
PH
' -.
8.1
8.6
20
8.2
8.7
7.6
18
8.1
8.5 q.
7.6
20
8.1
8.1*
7.7
12
Cond.
*
680
860
510
18
670
81*0
520
18
630
800
1*90
20
620
700
510
12
Cl
33
39
27
8
21
20
33
51
20
18
32
19
20
31
1*2
19
12
1 Phenol
. .' - '
5
11
1
19
7
18
9
20
1*
.20
9
13
5
12
DO
3.3
10.3
0.2
5
11.0
15.2
5.5
20
10.6
13 .9 .
18
10.1
13-7
5.7
20
8.5
13.0
5-3
11
BODj
w
9
1
20
1*
8
1
18
1*
9
1
20
3
6
1
12
COD
-
26
1*1
7
19
27
1*8
9
17
27
15
19
27
35
17
11
Tot.
P01*
.61
1.00
.1*0
8
.61
1.10
.20
20
.70
1.1*0
.30
17
.70
2.00
.10
20
.90
1.70
.1*0
12
Sol.
.1*0
.70
.20
8
.1*6
.1.00
.d.025
20
1.10
.08
17
55
l.6o
.10
20
.70
1.60
.20
12
N03-N
1.2
3-5
.1
8
3-5
9-5
.1
20
O Ji
Tji k
.1
18
3.6
12.1
.1
20
2.8
9.5
.1
12
NOg-N
-' ..
.03
.09
.00
20
.03
.11
.0
18
.03
.12
.01
. 20
.01*
.11*
.00
12
M3-N
"'-
*85
.02
19
.1*0
99
.03
18
35
.80
.03
20
.1*0
.68
.22
12
Org-N
'
.19
.71
.01
19
.17
.32
.01
18
.17
.1*2
.01
20
.11*
.22
.05
12
Nbte:.-.'; PHOGpluvtes reported as
All results in mg/1, except phenol - ug/1.
-------
TABLE 9. RIVER RAISIN - WATER
Annual Values 1966
Station
T325
Avg
Max
Mia
NS
T330
Avg
Max
§ Min
NS
T331
"" Avg
Max
Mln
NS
T335
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Mln
NS
pH-
8.1
8.6
7.7
12
8.0
8.4
7-7
Ifc.
8.0
8.1
7.8
4
8.1
8.4
7-9
20
8.1
8.4
7.8
19
Cond.
640
760
500
12
630
700
510
Ih
600
570
4
600
760
490
20
600
74o
490
19
Cl
33
39
26
12
30
47
18
14
22
24
19
4
26
48
16
20
26
36
15
19
Phenol
12
25
4
13
8
17
3
14
10
18
6
4
10
18
4
.20
9
23
3
19
DO
8.0
12.7
5.3
13
9.0
13.2
5.8
lk
9.4
11.4.
8.2
4
9.3
13.1
5.8
20
9.0
13.0
4.8
19
BODj
3
5
1
12
4
13
2
14
6
3
4
5
12
2
20
1
1
19
COD
24
31
14
12
29
4o
20
12
33
41
28
4
41
98
16
18
25
38
17
18
Tot.
P04
.99
2.70
.20
13
1.15
3.8o
.20
14
1.15
1.30
90
4
1.56
3.10
.50
20
2.14
5-70
.40
18
Sol.
P0l|
.80
2.00
.03
13
.65
1.60
^.025
14
.80
1.00
.60
4
1.08
2.6o
.30
20
1.65
4.70
.30
19
N03-N
3.1
8.6
.0
13
2.4
8.0
.4
14
1.6
2.9
.9
4
2.4
7.4
.1
20
2.3
8.5
.1
19
N02-N
.04
.12
.00
13
.04
.06
.01
14
.03
.04
.02
4
.04
.10
.01
20
.05
.13
.01
19
NH^-N
.41
1.01
.22
12
.45
74
.20
14
.68 *
1.33
.22
4
51
1.18
.14
20
.61
1.4o
.11
19
Org-N
.22
.97
.02
12
.17
.28
.09
14
.16
.23
.11
4.
.13
.26
.02
20
.17
33
.02
19
NSt'd:,:,: Pb'ocphateB reported as
All results in mg/1, except phenol - xig/1.
-------
9. RIVER RAISIN - WATER
Annual Values 1966
Station pH Cond.
^350 _ ,
Avg 8.2 - 5lfO
Max 8.5 680
Min 7.9 It80
NS 20 . 20
T365
Avg 8.2 H80
Max 8A 600
Min 7.9 370
NS 18 18
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Cl Phenol DO BODj
16 10 9.7 H
33 22 16.3 11
12 3 5.6 1
2 20 20 19
13 10 10.1 3
25 31 15-6 k
9 k 5A 1
18 18 18 17
Tot. Sol.
2k .67 .51 .9 .03
H8 2Ao 1.90 2.6 .05
16 .10 .OH .0 .01
20 20 20 20 20
22 .19 .1H .5 .02
35 .^0 .to lA .05
16 .08 ^.025 .1 .01
18 18 18 18 18
*
NHo-N Org-N
A6 .13
1.70 .S2
.1U .03
19 19
.26 .12 .
Al .22
.12 .02
17 17
Hbtd 8.^ PHosphates reported as
All results in mg/1, except phenol - us/1.
-------
TABLE 9 . RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
Annual Values 1966
Station
T080
T089
T090
T310
T320
* T325
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Mln
NS
Avg
Max
Mln
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
»
Total
Solids
-
553
677
465
20
540
740
450
18
499
604
425
20
499
562
432
12
498
630
41S
Dissolved
Solids
-
525
670
400
20
503
. 710
400
18
470
590
380
20
461
500
400
12
472
620
401
13
Suspended
Solids
.
28
135
4
20
28
65
2
18
28
61
' 3
20
38
85
8
12
26
64
4
13
Sodium
-
19
29
13
9
21
28
15
7
18
28
10
9
20
30
15
5
23
28
16
5
Potassium
-
14
27
5
9
12
23
5
7
7
10
6
9
7
9
5
5
8
9
6
5
Iron
-.
1.35
5.70
.34
. 10
.88
2.10
.40
8
.88
2.20
.20
10
1.10
1.80
.30
6
1.23
1.80
.45
5
Calcium
..
96
115
75
9
91
115
73
7
91
107
70
9
91
107
73
5
85
105
67
5
Hardness CN
-
331
432
258
9
325
426
246
7
307
358
260
9
310
352
264
5
303
370
252
5
-
.00
.00
.00
4
.00
1
.01
V
.00
'- X
1
-
S04
-
133
220
90
9
114
180
80
7
107
150
70
9
92
110
70
5
98
130
70
5
Mg
-
26
33
21
9
26
32
18
7
26
31
21
9
25
30
21
5
26
33
21
5
-------
TABLE 9 . RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
Annual Values 1966
Station
T330
T331
T335
T340
T350
'
"
T365
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
.NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Total
Solids
518
739
462
14
469
499
427
4
466
579
393
20
472
692
390
19
395
544
340
20
373
559
330
18
Dissolved
Solids
455
540
380
14
428
470
392
4
430
530
360
20
449
690
374
19
374
510
320
20
354
547
300
18
Suspended
Solids
65
280
4
14
41
107
7
4
35
88
2
20
25
98
5
19
22
62
6
20
19
81
2
18
Sodium
19
27
15
8
17
19
14
4
19
24
13
9
22
30
16
8
13
18
9
9
10
13
8
7
Potassium
7
9
5
8
7
7
6
4
7
9
5
9
7
9
5
8
\ 5
6
3
:9
4
5
2
7
Iron
1.15
2.70
.20
9
1.91
4.30
.90
4
1.27
4.50
.30
10
1.18
4.60
.10
9
.85
2.00
.10
10
.92
2.60
.06
8
Calcium
90
101
66
8
86
90
78
4
83
94
68
9
84
98
61
8
78
109
61
9
72
81
64
7
Hardness
348
390
242
8
306
332
278
4
295
334
258
9
298
340
232
8
284
376
244
9
263
288
240
7
CN
.01
--
«
1
.00
_
1
.00
. .'-;
. -
1
.00
o
"
1
.02
. «
, *«C
1
.01
.01
.01
3
$04
103
130
70
8
97
110
70
4
91
110
60
9
98
130
70
8
75
90
50
8
60
80
40
7
Mg
27
33
19
8
27
30
25
4
26
32
22
9
25
29
20
8
26
31
23
9
25
27
23
7
-------
TABLE 10. TRIBUTARIES TO RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES *
Station
T301
Saline R.
T303
-Saline R.
T304
Little
Raisin
T346
South
Branch
T347
South
Branch
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
HS>
Pre- chlorination (Jan
Total
Coliform
8,100
18,000
1,900
4
13,000
- "
-- .
1
1,700
26,000
100
4
41,000
360,000
4,500
5
6,000
180,000
1,400
$
Fecal
Coliform
3,200
5,400
1,100
4
11,000
- ' '
. -
1
190
530
40
k _
400
21,000
100
5
1,700
13,000
320
5
1-May 14)
Fecal
Strep
770
2,300
170
3
5,000
. . -
-
1
80
650
20
3
190
6,700
90
4
90
6,600
36
4
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
400
mo
I
5,200
-
-
1
170
,.,-,.;
.;,-.' '
1
4,300
180,000
800
6
15,000
25,000
5,400
2
Fecal
Col if 01 n
_
-
-
460
-
-
1
_
-
95
3,700
10
4
4,500
8,100
870
2
15- Sept 14)
Fecal
i Strep
_
-
-
530
r
>.
1
- '
-
'
850
2,100
110
4
1,400
2,300
480
2
Post- chlorination (Sept 15-Jan 11)
^ ' Total Fecal Fecal
Coliform Coliform Strep
_ ' _
_
_
. _ _
- . -
- .
- -
- ' .
_
5,500 550 140
70,000 2,400 470
3,600 20 20
55 4
_ _ -
_
_ _ _
*1966 values - Membrane Filter Technique (MF/100rnl)
-------
TABLE U. TRIBUTARIES TO RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
Annual Values 1966
Station
T301
Saline
River
". T303
Saline
River
T304
..Little ".
Raisin
T346
South
Branch
T347
South
Branch
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
PH
8.1
8.4
7.7
5
7.8
7.8
7.7
2
7.8
8.2
7.1
5
8.1
8.7
7.7
16
8.1
8.4
7.8
J:
Cond.
770
870
710
5
750
770
720
2
1100
1560
670
5
730
1020
540
16
630
760
500
6
Cl
35
44
30
5
27
27
27
2
74
136
32
5
54
180
27
16
24
43
13
7
Phenol
6
11
3
5
10
13
6
2
7
9
3
5
10
25
5
16
8
16
4
7
DO
10.3
12.0
8.7
5
8.0
12.0
4.0
2
9.1
11.2
5.1
5
9.6
13.3
4.4
16
10.4
13.3
5.5
7
BOD5
4
9
2
5
5
5
5
2
4
7
2
5
4
7
1
15
6
18
2
7
COD
23
32
12
5
22
24
19
2
21
35
13
5
36
57
22
16
36
50
22
7
Tot.
P04
.82
1.30
.10
5
1.45
2.30
.60
2
.34
1.00
<.025
5
3.40
8.20
.70
16
.63
.90
.20
7
Sol.
P04
.68
1.30
.08
5
1.15
2.00
.30
2
.24
.90
<.025
5
2.38
5.20
.50
16
.29
.80
<.025
7
N03-N
2.2
5.2
.5 .
5
1.0
1.3
.7
2
5.7
14.0
1.9'
5
4.4
11.8
.3
16
2.6
7.4
.3
7
N02-N
.03
.05
.02
5
.14
.26
.02
2
.04
.08
.02
5
.06
.10
.02
16
.03
.05
.01
7
NH3-N
.70
1.42
.21
5
.87
1.06
.67
2
.45
.82
.21
5
.97
2.72
.20
16
.34
.50
.22
7
Org-N
.16
.24
.11
5
.17
.24
.10
2
.17
.22
.08
5
.26
.74
.08
16
.17
.23
.04
7
Note: Phosphates reported as PO^.
All results in mg/1, except phenol - ug/1.
-------
JABLE 11. TRIBUTARIES TO RAISIN RIVER - WATER QUALITY
Annual Values 1966
Station
T301
Saline
River
T303
Saline
River
T304
Little
Raisin
T346
South
Branch
T347
South
Branch
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Total
Solids
602
669
551
5
562
614
509
2
1480
2631
619
5
566
800
-338
16
566
759
464
7
Dissolved
Solids
580
660
530
5
541 ~
610
471
2
1423
2580
474
5
527
790
330
16
496
590
399
7
Suspended
Solids
23
38
6
5
22
38
5
2
56
186
10
5
39
142
8
16
71
360
3
7
Sodium
f
25
34
17
5
30
-
.
1
38
70
11
5
33
51
16
.6
18
32
11
5
Potassium
*
9
11
8
5
10
»
«
1
88
274
10
5
10
14
7
6
7
10
5
5
Iron
,
1.10
1.50
.70
5
1.6
-
,
1
12.3
28.4
.6
5 .
2.07
6.00
.30
8
2.96
11.80
.20
5
Calcium
f
115
128
106
5
118
-------
RAISIN RIVER
TOTAL COLIFORM SEASONAL MEDIAN VALUES
1966
1,000,000
LEGEND
100.000
JAN. I- MAY 14-
MAY 15-SEPT. 15
SEPT. 16-JAN. II,
PRE
CHLORINATION
CHLORIN ATION
67-POST CHLORI
NATION
RIVER MILES
-------
RAISIN RIVER
DISSOLVED OXYGEN ANNUAL VALUES
1966
20
16
4
1
V,
0.
K
n
x
tu
V)
z
3
O
w
t-
, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «l
!
^^
1
i
- *
>^
»
*"«:
0)
*-
D ^2
O
»
^^^
i i i i i i i i i
»
j i i i i i i i i .
LEGEND
j
M (&>^
*
X*^
"
P
- «
I
0.
t-
u
u
0
.2
^
0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
t
--""""
»
**'
U
0 -
U J
^
E
I
z
UJ
.0
>
X
o
o
UJ
o
on
t-
RIVER MILES
-------
IS
RAISIN RIVER
BOD5 ANNUAL VALUES
1966
*
-
L--
r
*
z
u
«
1
1 "
t
s
^*
, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 al
'
N
QC _,
*-
3 5
01 .
/
*mm
»,«*-
Pi LI 1 1 1 1 -1
1 1 .
0 70 60
*> o O ft
^\
&
)
O
or *-*
o w
o «
4 _
00 ffi
tl P 1 1 1 1 1 ««
X.^^
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
LEGEND
-
_ J
&
*"
**
UJ
lu
O
2
mm
O
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <*. 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
«
u
2 z
o -
>
s m "-
l°l°l 1 1 I.i 1 1
,
kJ
0. (C
1- kl
tn
tij ^
s <
z J
o
£
1 1 1 1 L 1 1 t 1
n
50 40 30 20 10 OQ
0 <0 0 0 0 * E
o 10 10 10 10 10 o O (» ni
t- t- t- H »
1- t- t- H K *~*~«J
12
X
CD
E
I
O
UJ
o
z
UJ
X
o
<
o
UJ
X
o
o
m
STATION
NOS.
RIVER MILES
-------
RAISIN RIVER
COD ANNUAL VALUES
1966
100
60
e»
E
UJ
o
z
UJ
o
>
X
o
5
UJ
X
o
60
40
20
S TAT ION
NOS.
L-
1
W^
O)
X
U '
M
Z
O
U
*-
1 1 1 1 <* 1 1 1 1 J
'
«
(D
O-1
v> cr
P 1 L
0 70
« o c
/
»
JL-LJ^LJ-^L..
6
» rt
^
\
f
^.^^
i
0.
V)
0
S 2
5 «
< . "
on m
_J_Ul_fLI_l_l_l_Li
0 5
- c
^-^^^
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
^&»
.1 1 11 1 1 111.
LEGEND
~f-
--
-
"
I
^DUNDEE STP.
KB» *
»
MAXIMUM
AVE RACE
MINIMUM
I
.-.__
o -
0 -1
Z 51
1 °l °l 1 1 1.
»
k
i i I
U
o:
u
u X
*L ° <
E .
Z -J
O
z
1 1 1 1 L 1 1 t J _
0 40 30 20 10 0
10 ° 0 ° ?
to
n
«
10
o
o
1 X
' m
RIVER MILES
-------
15
V.
o>
E
I
Z
UJ
e>
o
cc
UJ
I-
o:
H
Z
RAISIN RIVER
NITRATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
O. <
t-
m
X
U
t«
1
_ .ui
t-
. . 1 1 °l 1 1 1 1,
»
/
1
LEGEND
T
-L
1
y
. »
a"
J5
D
Ot
-\
u N
o
a:
z
0
l«l 1 ? 1
S TAT ION
NOS.
60
in
70
60
K)
Kl
SO 40
O »
10 N
IO IO
RIVER MILES
30
O
N
IO
20
10
O
n
o
en
o
o
(B
o
H
°o
-------
E
I
UJ
o
K
K
Z
_u^
. LEGEND
4-
»
**
>
o.
«n
o
X *
0 n
-i 1>
O OD
P 1 1 1 1 1 <>
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
»
»
l 1 1 l 1 1 l I 1
-.
M
J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
\
-*^(
o.
bt
hi
O
Z
O
t 1 5
»
"
_l_^l
u
z z
o -
U -1
S »)
1 0| °l 1 1 1 .
»
1 1 1
'
"^s
i i i i T
»
u
u
MONROE STP
LAKE
0 70 60 50 40 . 30 20 10 0
u" O 0 « - 0 « 9-0 ° U!
STATION v
NOS. *>
N
IO
to
t-
o a
to m
RIVER MILES
-------
RAISIN RIVER
NITRITE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
0.15
'
1 1
L--
k :
\
L z. J
U
V-
,J_LJ_3_L_U-L<
0
« c
l_.
7
>
>
*
£'«
12
Ot
na
_£-L.|,
0
c
' -
i
v
»
J_J_1_LJL<
> if
v
U.
6
)
LEGEND
-i-
«
-L-I-*
0
^.-
-0 BLACK CR.
oBLIS.SPIELD STP
MAXIMUM
AVERACE
MINIMUM
: i i i I i i I i
50 1(
0
i i i i i i i i i.
«*^
a
01
lu
lu
o
.2
O
1 1 1 I 1 1 1 "I
1
;
«
_
o M ACON R.
]pS AL INE R.
f
i
1 1 1
1 1 J_l J
-
MONROE STP
LAKE ERIE
TI
r -so "20 10 6,5
« . o 0 o o> c
0.12
X.
o>
E
I
H
Ul
O
O
cc
Ul
H
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.00
I
STATION
NOS.
O
o
05
o
l-
RIVER MILES
-------
RAISIN RIVER
ORGANIC NITROGEN ANNUAL VALUES
1966
. 1 W W
OaO
«o v
Oe A
v V
OA{\
*? V
0.20
0.00
fl
0.
-
01 ,
! '
U
W
'I
t>
u
- J
»
x
|
- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
LEGEND
» ««^AlMB VM
".
«
^
^^
or
DE
I Z
*~ M
O«<
»
^» ^^^
_ ^^^
T
^^
^^
P 1 L 1 1 1 1 iT
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
^^
«
m
CL
« «i^ «^» W
O
K J
i\ Ul
^ tu
0 . w
< _
-1 J
CD * CD
i i -l P i i i i i o!
i i i i i i i l l
^^ ^^
^^
^^^
j i i i i l l i i .
\
^ »^~^
-^ ""*" 0.
1-
*
U
liJ
0
Z
Q
1111111°
1
"
_ ^
JW
U
z z
o -
U _l
< <
£ Q>
iOi°i i r r
^i i i
-".
_ _ --*
i
bl
tc
(L ***
|_
01 U
U
0 <
z
o
£
i i i i fri i » i
60 70 60 SO 40 30 20 10 0
0 « O 0 0 So
o>
E
UJ
(9
O
or
(9
a:
o
STATION
NOS.
RIVER MILES
<0 PI
K>
-------
RAISIN RIVER
TOTAL PHOSPHATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
O
5
4
3
2
1
0
e
4
0>
I
pr"
Ji i i °
1 1 ? 1
f
1
Tl
0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 OQ
ID « ^- K> K> 1C. N N * * O"X
f> *O ro K> fo to ro K> to o O O) n
o>
E
I
»
O
0-
m
o
Ul
I
0.
(A
O
' NOS. m
RIVER MILES
-------
RAISIN RIVER
TOTAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
O
0.
in
O
UJ
I-
<
X
a.
v>
O
I
(L
(Jj
J
ffi
13
_l
O
in
STATION
NOS.
a.
z
ui ,
w ^ ^
^ V-
LJ-.L^J-I-U!
0
*> c
»
1-
7
>
/
SOUTH BR. "
_ RAISIN R .
, f
0
C
\
^
\
N
»
,..!.. J_LJ_L«
> if
»
s
1
6
)
^^-» CO
1^^* ^^^
o ^j
V t*-
0 «
J _J
o m
_1_1.0I_EJ_1_I_LJJ
0 5
C
t
1 i 1 i 1 1 i I 1
0 4
>
LEGEND
~T~
*^ ^^^^
' LI J .1. J_L LL_:.0
D ?
m 0
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINI M U M
*"^" »V>
LJ
liJ
1
i i i i i i i \
»
>«
1
-
z z
o -
0 _1
1
-------
RAISIN RIVER
TOTAL a DISSOLVED SOLIDS ANNUAL AVERAGES
IS66
o>
E
I
(0
o
_)
o
OT
O
Ul
O
CO
(0
O
O
z
600
400
200
0
0
N
!r -~
a.
T
w
u
k-
«,L.LJ..fLJ...LI 1 .1
0 7
in o
* 10
LEGEND
~
^ ^-
£«
12
O 't
v, n
f'l (5 1 1 1_I_L»1_
TOTAL SOLIDS
DISSOLVED SOLID
A-""""""
0.
K
ei
0
o: -J
o ^j
x *
0 w
-J j
m m
1 1 -1 PI 1 1 1 I"!
S
*- =- ~ «_ ^
1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1
* -A
J 1 1 .1 1 1 1 i i .
' -*e"\
a.
i-
LJ
Ut
O
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <\ I
.----*""
0 J
S m
I °l »i I 1 I . r I l
0 60 50 40 JO 20 1
o « o >n O o O
^tOPlf*) (|J
MMMO' O
kj
K
Ul
a. u
t- 1C
Ul J
o
a:
z
o
.1 II 1 b 1- i T i -,
0 C
oo C
ti
> 0
STATION
NOS.
10
>-
n
K
o
t-
o
I-
R i v F: f; M ILLS
-------
RAISIN RIVER
SUSPENDED SOLIDS ANNUAL VALUES
1966
300
X
o>
E
I
(O
o
_J
o
CO
o
UJ
o
z
111
£L
CO
Z)
to
STATION
NOS.
0
0
0
o
LEGEND
_}--
[
1
-
x
\ "
ia
*~
»
L-
4-1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 .1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
«
to tt
X2
D
O «T
(OCC
»
4
^^ ^^
^
P 1 L t 1 1 1 ij
y*"
\
^
1
>
r
(T "*
o ^
X IL
0 «
C *"
-* J
» m 01
1 1 .1 PI II 1 1 '
»
X
^^
^^
^
Ll 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
'
^^f ^^
^-^ ~^
1 ""*
**
JL
4l 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ! -
<
0.
^*^^
^^*^*^ J
O
Z
3
o
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <5
80 70 60 50 40 30
f> o o x « o m O C
»
1
(t
CE
§?
O _1
4 4
S tn
1 °l °l 1 1 IJ
20
H 1 1
I
111
E
U
u
tL JC
*~ <
W J
til
O
cc
o
i i i i TTi i * i
10 0
> ° *
IO
H-
10
H
10
»-
!>
O
RIVER MIL
-------
RAISIN RIVER
CHLORIDE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
o>
E
I
UJ
Q
CC
O
_J
I
o
STATION
NOS.
'co
O \J
m (\
9 U
£ f\
* V
30
;20
in
IU
o
^
E"""*
J
y
f
'
H
Z
W
s
D
O
III
f-
_l_l 1 «\ J 1 II J
LEGEND
.
««=Lra
1
. j
/
f
,
9
^
.
CD
^ ""
O *t
p)(r
P 1 -UJ LI..! L^l .
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
M 1 N 1 M U M
«
>
/
Y
1
a
m
0
e J
o ^
0 »
-i j
0 0
1 1 -1 P 1 1 1 1 1 c
B
^^^«
1 l 1 i 1 1 1 1 1
*
-J l_l l_l._l 1 J !_
»
»
a
tr>
UJ
U
o
2
O
_L L l_l_l_l_I_9L 1
_.. . <
.
K
U)
z 2
O -
U J
1 <
X «
l«l°l 1 1 I.I 1 1
<
»
»
hi
IE
U
L)
& *
*~ i
Ul
o
a
,- z
o
E
1 1 1 1 L 1 1 ? 1
80 70 CO 50 40 JO 20 10 0
1C
ir>
t-
10
t-
O
O
^-
RIVER MllF.S
o x
CO p)
(- _
-4
-------
RAISIN RIVER
PHENOL ANNUAL VALUES
1966
30
25
on
10
0
(L
z
u
vt
z -J
D
u
u
h-
^L I i <\ i II I .
»
»
<
LEGEND
-JL.
1
SOUTH BR.
_ RAISIN R.
r-
'
1 1 1 1 1 .
M A X 1 M U M
AVER AGE
MINI M U 1.1
1
a.
m
a
o w
v ^
o »
J J
m CD
II- P 1 1 1 1 1 «
x^
s.
"^ v^
J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
^-
*»
u
u
o
2
0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «1 1
4
^->
K *
Zz J
O -
& tn
l°l°l 1 1 1
^
1 1 1
:
1 1 1 1 L
*
S LJ
MONROE STP
L AJ^F
60 70 60 50 40 30 20 10" 0 o
« D o >-> - o «o o 0 ° ' * ^5
t/> lO^rrtK) K> N CM C> m
« 10 r- ^ K> ro ro 10 10 o o c?
o,
^
I
_J
o
z.
UJ
S TAT ION
NOS.
RIVER M I L E S
-------
6000
RAISIN RIVER
IRON ANNUAL VALUES
1966
.
in u " -*
X
bJ
W
Z
D
O
U
H
^
jr
p 1 1 ^ 1 1 M «
s
^
tc
**
D W
O 1
tn (£
»
<
--*
4
Pi LI 1 1 1 1 .1
LEGEND
y
«J»«,
J-
;
f
»
s.
\
^
V-
O O tfl - O « ° O ° °* -. C
tf> tf> c m tO K) CJ OJ G O OX
tO to rn K) >O ro rO KJ K) O O -_
9000
.4000
3000
o
on
2000
1000
STATION
NOS.
RIVER MILES
-------
V;.
RAISIN RIVER
TOTAL COLIFORM SEASONAL VALUES
1966
£
O
O
5
tc
O
u.
_J
O
u
O
I-
Ov.OCC
00,000
10,000
1,000
100
-
.-
1_
-
V
f
-
-
S
-
"
- i
F
1
U
-
-
T360
W
,
la
F
\
'
S
W
1
5
F
a
!
W
i
F
4\\
r
W
E
s
:
i
i
" r
r
\
V
S
V
'
s
W
!
"
s
F
L
*
S
EGEND
n
y
y
W
9
r
s
'
W
F
MAX IM
MEAN
MINIMU
ONLY 0
JAN. 1-
MAY IS-
SEPT. 16
W
S
UM
M
NE SAMP
MAY 14
SEPT. 15
-JAN. II,
W
S
LE TAKE
PRE CHI
-CHLOR
1967-PO
W
S
N
ORINATI
NATION
ST CHL
W
n s
F
ON
ORINATI
S
W
F
I
f
_
-
OK >
W
0
1
-
-
-
*~
__
s -
y =
-
5
-
-
131,0 T347 T346 T340 T35B T33I T330 T32E T320 T3IO T304 T303 T30I T090 T089 T080
STATIONS
-------
DISTRIBUTION OF SALMONELLA IN TEDS LOWER RAISIN RIVER
In January 1966, a salmonella survey of the lover portion of the Raisin
River vas initiated vhich lasted until September of the same year. At the
time the survey vas undertaken, very little information existed regarding the
distribution of this group of pathogens in this stream.
Samples vere collected from sampling sites via a modified Moor gauze
pad technique. The following tabulation shows the coding of these sites,
together vith an explanation of the kind of sample collected and location
(Figure 21).
Code
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
10
ll
12
13
Sample Site
Ida-Maybee Bridge -. \
Time Container Corp.
Time Container Corp.
Time Container Corp.
Dam located above NYCRR bridge
River 10-15 feet HE of
Ben Hellenberg Field
Consolidated Paper Co. - North
Side Division in front of plant
Union-Bag Camp Paper Company
Union-Bag Camp Paper Company
Mason Run at Detroit Avenue-
crossing
Mason Run pumphouse.; road bridge
Water intake pumphouse serving
Consolidated & Union-Bag Camp Co.
Mason Run bridge near Ford Motor Co.
Kind of Water Sampled
Raw river water
River intake water
Clarifier effluents
Effluent discharging at
riverbank
Raw river water
Raw river water
Combined discharge of
and West clarifiers
East clarifier effluent
West clarifier effluent
Combined effluents from
Consolidated Paper North Side
Div. and Union-Bag Camp
Paper Co.
Raw Lake Erie water
Combined discharges of
Consolidate Paper Co.-North Side
Div. & Union-Bag Camp Co.
-------
Code Sample Site Kind of Water Sampled
lU Consolidated Paper Co.-South Side Effluent
Div. vest outfall behind tanks
15 Consolidated Paper Co.-South Side Effluent
Div. east outfall behind tanks
16 Consolidated Paper Co.-South Side Clarifier effluent
Div. Infilco clarifier
17 Consolidated Paper Co.-South Side Combined effluents
Div. cut receiving clarifier
effluents
id Consolidated Paper Co.-South Side Effluent
Div. 36" pipe E. of Monroe STP
19 Monroe sewage treatment plant Treated, but unchlorinated
effluent
20 Consolidated Paper Co.-North Side Effluent
Div. outfall below dam
When time permitted, samples for determination of fecal streptococci,
total and fecal coliform densities by the membrane technique were taken at
the time the gauze pads were retrieved. Final identification of suspected
salmonellae was carried out at the U.S. Public Health Service Communicable
Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
Findings
A total of 3^ modified Moor pads were placed in the water at the various
sampling sites for periods of time ranging from 2-4 days. During the survey
period, a total of 25 samples were collected and examined by the membrane
technique.. ,
A total of 13 salmonella serotypes were isolated from 6 of the 20
sampling sites. These 6 sites yielded samples with total coliform densities
ranging from 3700 - U6o,000 organisms/100 ml; fecal coliform counts ranging
from 700 - 1100 organisms/100 ml; and fecal streptococcal .densities ranging
from 180 - greater than 7000 organisms/100 ml of sample.
73
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The following salmonella serotypes were isolated from the 6 sites
previously mentioned (see Figure 21).
Site Salmonella Serotype Isolated
2 ", new brunswlck
4 infantis
6 san diego
11 derby; typhi murium var. Copenhagen; typhi murium
13 typhi murium; anatum; bredeney; derby
19 derby; cubana; infantis; eimsbuettel; heidelberg;
thompson; montevideo
Through the cooperation of the Michigan Water Resources Commission
and the management of Consolidated Paper Company, Union-Bag Camp Paper Company,
and Time Container Corporation some sampling was carried out at waste clarifiers.
Clarifier sampling was undertaken only after salmonellae had been isolated from
plant effluents discharging into the River Raisin.
In the instance of Time Container Corporation, S .new brunswick had been
isolated at the point of the raw water intake overflow (site 2), and
S.infantis was isolated from the plant outfall to the river (site U). When
a subsequent sampling of the plant clarifier effluents was carried out, no
salmonellae were isolated.
Sampling was conducted at the clarifiers of the Consolidated Paper
Company's North Side Division and the Union-Bag Camp Paper Company clarifiers
after S.typhi murium, S. anatum, and S. bredeney had been isolated from the
waters of Mason Run. The Run originates on the properties of the two companies
" and carries their waste water via the Run which is on their jointly shared
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properties and eventually discharges Into the mouth of the River Raisin.
During the period starting September 8, 1966 and ending September 12, 1966,
gauze pad sampling was carried out at sites 8, 9> 10, 11, 12, and 13- The
following results were obtained:
Salmonella Membrane Filter Technique
Sampling Serotypes (organisms/100 ml)
Site Isolated Total Coli Fecal Coli Fecal Strep
12 none ,
8 none ,
9 none
10 none
11 derby; typhi murium var.
Copenhagen; typhi murium
13 derby
No salmonellae were isolated from samples taken at sites 18, 17,
16, and 20.
Table 12 summarizes the data pertinent to the survey.
200
390,ooo
22,000
570,000
210,000
I
1*60,000
30
«
-
«
A 700
> 800
60
7*0
700
.* lif,6oo
7,000
7,000
75
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TABLE 12. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OF RAISIN RIVER SALMONELLA SURVEY
.January 1966-September 1966
ON
Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Duration of
Sampling Period
From To
9/23
5/13
5/20
8/5
8/5
5/20
5/6
4/22
6/13
7/15
6/16
6/24
6/27
9/8
6/16
6/24
6/27
9/8
9/8
9/26
5/16
5/23
8/8
8/8
5/23
5/9
4/25
6/16
7/19
6/20
6/27
6/30
9/12
6/20
6/27
6/30
9/12
9/12
Membrane Filter Technique
Ojganisms/lOOml
Total Coli Fecal Coli Fecal
400
7,300
550
240
800
3,700
330,000
290,000
8,000
7,000
52,000
390,000
12,000
3,100
24,000
22,000
570,000
80
1,100
120
1
3
'
22
25,000 72
200
< 1,000
>14
Strep
10
360
120
,800
,000
180
.
--
,000
,000
600
40
390
740
500
150
710
700
,600
Salmonella
Serotypes
Isolated
None
new brunswick
*
None
None
infant is
*
san die go
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
*Pad removed by unknown party or parties.
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TABLE 1?. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OF RAISIN RIVER SALMONELLA SURVEY (cont.)
January 1966-September 1966
Code
11
12
13
14
15
16.
17
18
19
20
Duration of
Sampling Period
From TO
9/8
6/27
7/15
9/8
9/13
2/25
4/29
9/8
4/22
4/22
9/13
9/13
2/25
1/24
1/28
5/6
9/12
6/30
7/19
9/12
9/16
2/28
5/2
9712
4/25
4/25
9/16
9/16
2/28
1/26
1/31
5/9
Membrane Filter Technique
Organisms/ 100ml
Total Coli ' Fecal Coli Fecal
210,000 > 700 > 7,
200
2,000 < 10 3,
200 30
170 30
76,000 700 5,
460,000 > 800 7,
._
_> __ ' _
4,000
24,000
__
Strep
000
410
300
60
110
900
000
-
-
80
50
-
-
-
Salmonella
Serotypes
Isolated
derby; typhi murium var.
Copenhagen; typhi murium
None
None
None
None
typhi -murium; ana turn
bredeny
derby
None
None
None
None
None
infantis; eimsbuettel;
cubana
derby; eimsbuettel;
heidelberg; thompson;
montevideo
*
*Pad removed by unknown party or parties.
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DISTRIBUTION OF SALMONELLA
IN THE LOWER RAISIN RIVER
2-S.new
\
E\4-S.infantis
Water Intake
ZEAII-S. derby
S. typhi murium
var. Copenhagen
S. typhi murium
STP Outfall or Stream Effluent
Industrial Effluent
Industrial Clarifier Effluent
River or Lake.Proper
Sampling Site Number
-S. son diego
13-S. typhi mur
S. anotum
S.bredeney
S.derby
19-S.infantis
S.cubano
S. derby
S.heidelberg
S.eimsbuettel
S.thompson
S.montevidoo
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SUMMARY AHD WATER CgJALITY PROBLEMS
The population centers in the River Raisin Basin are Monroe (22,968),
Adrian (20,3^7)> and Tecumseh (7>0^5j, according to I960 census figures.
The total I960 population in the River Raisin Basin, including the popula-
tion of incorporated and unincorporated areas, vas estimated to be 203,000
persons. The population served by sewer systems was approximately 68,000.
There were four primary plants: Blissfield, Clinton, Dundee, and Monroe;
five secondary plants - Adrian, Manchester, Milan, Saline, and Tecumseh;
and one village, Onstead,which provided no treatment for collected sewage.
The total waste water flov from the nine plants is about 10.5 million gallons
per day.
Seventeen industries discharged wastes directly to watercourses within
the River Raisin Basin. A total discharge of approximately 156 million
gallons per day of industrial waste originated from electroplating opera-
tions, paper mills, cement production, chemical companies, facrieating and
manufacturing coirrpanies, and automotive plants. Approximately 120 million
gallons per day of this total discharge is dilution water used by the Ford
Motor Company at Monroe. The principal industries are located at Monroe,
Adrian, Dundee, and Tecumseh. '
In 1966 the River Raisin was routinely sampled at several stations from
Clinton, Michigan - milepoint (MP) 79.7 - downstream to MP 4.95 located above
the Monroe area that vas studied in detail in the 1965 Detroit River-Okake Erie
Report. A nun&er of vater quality measurements were also made at a station
at the mouth of the river, MP 0.0, to determine any change in the level of
pollution from that reported during the 1965 Enforcement Conference on the
Detroit River and Lake Erie. Ho significant changes in water quality were
indicated.
79
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Dissolved oxygen averages ranged from 8.0 to 11.0 mg/1 from MP 79 »7
below Clinton to MP 4.95 within the City of Monroe, and decreased drama ti-
ally to 3.3 mg/1 at MP 0.0 "below the City of Monroe. At MP 0.0, the
minimum value was 0.2 mg/1, which was found during the summer months and
indicated that there was no change since 1962-1964 when zero DO values were
found.
BODj averaged from 3 to 5 mg/1 "between MP 79. 7 and MP 4.95.
values of 11 to 15 mg/1 were found during the summer months below Clinton
(MP 79-7), below Tecumseh (MP 71.2), below the confluence of the South
Branch River Raisin which carries wastes for Adrian (MP 6l.2), and below
Blissfield (MP 50).
High levels of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were found in the River
Raisin. The nitrate average at MP 79 «7 was .5 mg/1 and continued to
increase in a downstream direction until 3»5 Mg/1 was found at MP 4.95»
Prom MP 4.95 to MP 9«9, the nitrate concentration reduced to 1.2 mg/1.
Some dilution effect by lake water may be expected at this station. The
nitrate concentration averages between MP 66.9, below Tecumseh and the
South Branch River Raisin, and MP 4.95 were above 1.6 mg/1, and the maximum
values ranged from 7.4 to 14.4 mg/1. Ammonia nitrogen concentration
averages were .26 to .68 mg/1, from MP 79.7 to MP 4.95, with the averages
7
over .50 mg/1 at HP's 66.9, 62.3, and 57. 3. Maximum values over 1.00 mg/1
were found between MP 71.2 below Tecumseh (but above South Branch River
Raisin) to MP 57.3 above Black Creek.
Prom MP 79.7 to 4.95, nitrite averages ranged from .02 to .05 mg/1
with the highest values at MP 66.9* and organic nitrogen averages ranged
from .12 to .22 mg/1.
80
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Total and total soluble phosphates at all sampling points had values
(as POlj.) over .0^5 mg/1. From MP 71.2 to 0.0, average total phosphate
values vere over .6 mg/1, and average total soluble values were .k mg/1.
The highest values vere recorded between MP 66.9 and MP 50.0, with values over
1 mg/1 (as POl^).
Solids (total, dissolved, and total suspended) generally showed an
increase from MP 79.7 to 4.95. Total solids avererages increased from 373
to 553 mg/1. Suspended solids averages were 19 to 65 mg/1 with the averages
at MP 57.3 and 50.0 being Ul to 65 mg/1, respectively.
Chloride concentrations increased steadily from MP 79.7 to MP 0.0.
The average ranged from 13 mg/1 at MP 79.7 to 33 mg/1 at MP 0.0
Phenols for all sampling points, MP 79.7 to MP 0.0, had values of
5 to 12 ug/1 - all above the U.S. Public Health Service drinking water
standard of 1 ug/1. The phenolic concentration average in 1966 at MP 0.0
was 8 ug/1 compared with the average of 7 ug/1 that was reported in the
1965 Detroit River-Lake Erie Report.
Coliform density data vere grouped into three seasons: pre-disinfection
January 1 - May l^, 1966; disinfection - May 15 - September. 15, 1966; and
post-disinfection - September 16 - January 11, 1967. The data indicated no
significant differences in the seasonal medians except in the lower reaches
of the River Raisin. The disinfection season medians exceeded the nondis-
infection season medians at a number of sampling locations. These included
MP 66.9 and MP 6l.2 below Adrian and Tecumseh, MP 50.0 and MP 39.2 below
Blissfield, and MP 30.3 below Petersburg. During the disinfection season,
median colifona densities exceeded 1,000 organisms per 100 ml at »T\ 12
sampling locations, and exceeded 2,400 organisms per 100 ml at 9 of these
81
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stations. Overall median coliform densities for the entire 1966 survey
period exceeded 1,000 at all stations and exceeded 2,UOO at all tut two
stations. Median coliform densities at the mouth of the River Raisin
(MP 0.0) below the City of Monroe were 106,000, 6UOO, and 200,000 org/
100 ml for pre-disinfection, during, and post disinfection seasons,
respectively. These values are based on limited sampling, not conducted
on the same daily basis as the river sampling program.
A short survey on the recovery of salmonella-type organisms vas
conducted in 1966 on the lower River Raisin. Salmonella organisms were
isolated at the raw water intake at Time Container Corporation and at
the plant outfall. Three serotypes - S. Typhimurium, S. Ana turn, and S_.
Eredeney - were isolated from the waters of Mason Run in the Monroe area.
Several serotypes vere isolated from six of twenty sampling sites. A
health hazard vas thereby shown to exist in the River Raisin between
MP 14-.95 and MP 9-9-
The confluence of the Saline River (SAL) with the River Raisin is at
River Raisin MP 17A. Two sampling points are located in the Saline River.
Station MP 17.3 SAL is located below the Saline STP (MP 19.7), and MP O.U SAL
is located below the Milan STP (MP 9«9)« Coliform densities for both points
were approximately the same with the medians over 2,400 organisms/100 ml.
DO, BOD, COD, pH, and chlorides were not at serious levels. Phenols and
phosphates decreased as water flowed from MP 173 to MP 0.4 while nitrogen,
conductivity, and solids increased. Conductivity, phosphates, nitrates,
ammonia nitrogen, and all solids from MP 0.4 would affect the water quality
in the River Raisin.
82
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The confluence of £he River_of)the Little River Raisin (LRR) with the
River Raisin is at River Raisin MP 18A. Station MP O.U LRR is below the
effluent discharge from the Dundee Cement Company located on the Macon
River a short distance upstream. There were extremely high average levels
of: conductivity - 1096 umhos; nitrates - 5-T mg/1; and total solids -
l,kQQ mg/1; dissolved solids - 1,^23 mg/1; and suspended solids.- 56 mg/1.
Phosphates, phenols, and ammonia and organic nitrogen were at levels which
could adversely affect the water quality in the River Raisin. Conductivity,
nitrates, and solids would be detrimental to the water use of the River
Raisin because of their extremely high concentrations.
The confluence of the South Branch River Raisin (SBR) with the River
Raisin is at Raisin MP 68.95. Station MP k.f SER is located above the
Adrian STP and station MP 1.8(BBR)is located below the STP. Water quality
at MP 1.8 was affected by industries and the Adrian STP.
At MP ^.7, average total phosphates were .63 mg/1; total soluble
phosphates - .29 mg/1; nitrates as N - 2.6 mg/1; ammonia nitrogen - .3^
mg/1; organic nitrogen - 17 mg/1; total solids - 566 mg/1; dissolved solids
^96 mg/1; suspended solids - 71 mg/1; and phenols - 8 ug/1. Coliform median
was over 2,^00 organisms per 100 ml.
At MP 1.8 below the Adrian STP, the averages were: phenols - 10 ug/1;
total phosphates - 3*^0 mg/1; total soluble phosphates - 2.38 mg/1;
nitrates - k.k mg/1; ammonia nitrogen - 97 mg/1; and organic nitrogen - .7^4- mgl.
The various water quality measurements made in 1966 indicate that the
River Raisin between stations MP 797 and MP ^.95 axe in various stages of
. pollution. Coliform densities, before, during, and after the disinfection
period at most sampling points were above 2,400 organisms/100 ml. Nutrient
-------
measurements (phosphates and nitrogen compounds) were at a very high level
which can produce algal blooms. Average DO and BODc concentrations appeared
to be at low pollution levels. DO levels at most stations declined during
the summer months to average values of 5-6 mg/1. Supersaturation levels
occurred in the lower river from MP 22.0 to MP lt-.95. BODj values at a
number of locations below waste sources increased significantly following
periods of rainfall. Phenols, for all sampling ranges, were above the U.S.
Public Health Service drinking water standards. Iron and solid measurements
show high levels of these pollutants which can cause problems for water users.
In 1966 the water quality measurements such as coliforms, DO, nitrates,
phosphates, chlorides, and phenols made at MP 0.0 mouth of the River Raisin,
showed that the degree of pollution in the River Raisin has not changed since
1962-1961*- - the years covered by the 1965 Detroit River-Lake Erie Report.
The significantly low DO values, high coliform densities, high nutrient
values (nitrates and phosphates), and high phenolic concentrations show that
there is significant pollution in the River Raisin.
The Little River Raisin affects the River Raisin with its high conduc-
tivity, nitrates, and solids load.
The South Branch River Raisin carries into the River Raisin high
coliform densities, and nutrient concentrations (phosphates and nitrogen).
The communities of Blissfield, Clinton, Dundee, and Monroe discharge
primary effluent to the river. Consolidated Packaging Corporation, Ford
Motor Company, Monroe Paper Products Company, and Union-Bag Camp Paper
Corporation have treatment rated as inadequate by the MWRC. As a result
of the Enforcement Project, action has already been taken against the City
of Monroe and the industries aforementioned by the MWRC.
-------
Surface vaters of the River Raisin Basin are used for both municipal
and industrial water supplies. The City of Adrian (20,3^7) obtains water
from an impoundment on Wolf Creek, a tributary of the River Raisin. Bliss-
field (2,653), Deerfield (866), and Dundee (2,377),, obtain water from the
River Raisin. Monroe (22,968) obtains vater from an intake on Lake Erie.
Approximately 72 percent of the basin population of 72,000 served by public
vater supplies obtains vater from surface vaters vith 38 percent obtaining
vaters from the River Raisin. Wells in both drift and rock at depths from
^0 to 200 feet are used as a vater source for the remainder of the public
vater supplies. Total municipal water use, residential, commercial, and
industrial, is approximately 12 million gallons per day. Projected
requirements for the year 2020 is 97 million gallons per day.
A number of industries also obtain part or all of their water supply
from private sources. With the exception of two industries in Palmyra using
surface vaters, groundvater is the industrial vater source in the upper River
Raisin and tributaries. These include industries in Adrian, Brooklyn, Milan,
Saline, and Weston. Surface waters are used by industries at Dundee,
principally the Dundee Cement Company (1.5 million gallons per day). In
the Monroe area, surface vaters are used vith the exception of the Ford Motor
Company which obtains about 7 million gallons per day from veils. Other
principal users in this area are the Consolidated Paper Company (l8.7 million
gallons per day), Monroe Paper Products Company (2.2 million gallons per day),
and Union Bag-Camp Corporation-River Raisin Paper Div. - (l*-.5 million gallons
per day). Total volume used is approximately 35 million gallons per day.
. Projected requirements for the year 2020 is 182 million gallons per day.
-------
Not included in these figures is the present use of approximately 120
million gallons per day of water from Sterling State Park canal for
waste dilution by the Ford Motor Company.
A critical factor at present ie tne dissolved oxygen concentration
especially in the lower reach below Monroe. Dissolved oxygen concentrations
of less than 1 mg/1 have been observed during the summer months. Although
yearly average DO levels were sufficient in most stream reaches, summer \
levels were in general from 50-80 percent saturation. Supersaturation
occurred at sampling locations from below Dundee to Monroe. Oxygen demand
in the River Raisin is a function both to the unsatisfied carbonaceous and
nitrogenous wastes for the many sources and the secondary effect of
biolggical growth caused by the nutrient loadings to the river.
Organic material in the stream exists in a number of forms. Direct
addition of material from effluents is presently critical in a number of areas,
especially below Monroe. The resuspension of settled material which accumu-
lated as a sludge creates high oxygen demands during periods of high stream
velocity which occur frequently but of short duration during summer rain-
storms. The dieoff of organisms, especially algae, imposes a demand when the
necessary elements of sunlight and nutrients are no longer sufficient. Another
source of organic material to the system is overland runoff from both urban
and rural areas. This source is an intermittent one occurring during periods
of rainfall. The effect is generally not apparent during the high flow period
but occurs when the flow again returns to normal and the material settles
to form sludge.
Increased temperature causes an increase in the rate of biological
conversion of organic material. This is more pronounced on the nitrogenous
wastes. The major sources of heat to the upper river system are the sewage
86
-------
treatment plants and solar radiation absorption caused by destruction of
shade tree cover along the banks. The industrial complex in the Monroe area
adds a considerable thermal load to the lower River Raisin and Lake Erie.
Temperatures in excess of 25°C have been observed in the lower reaches below
Monroe and at the mouth of the River Raisin.
Suspended materials of an inorganic nature also affect the water quality
but in secondary effects. The silt and sand when settled destroy the
bottom habitat. This change in the environment destroys the plants and
animals which are not tolerant of a silted bottom. The food chain of the
higher fishes is thus broken, and the valuable fishes no longer are present,
even though the water is otherwise of acceptable quality. Mud and silt also
destroy spawning beds necessary for maintenance of fish population. Suspend-
ed materials, especially mud and silt, also destroy the esthetic values of
the waters.
The effluent flow of those industries in the basin with toxic metals
as a waste product is limited. These industries are associated with the
automotive parts industry and are located in the Adrian and Monroe areas.
Spills from plating operations have been assoicated with fish kills.
Another significant source of toxicants is the use of various pesticides
for individual, agricultural, and other uses.
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