Report on Water Pollution
in the
JT
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
HURON RIVER
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
GREAT LAKES REGION
APRIL 1967
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REPORT ON
WATER POLLUTION IN THE LAKE ERIE BASIN
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
HURON RIVER .
APRIL 1967
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Great Lakes Region
Detroit Program Office
U.S. Naval Air Station
Grosse lie, Michigan
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PREFACE
The southeastern Michigan area draining into Lake Erie has "been
recognized as one of the major vater pollution areas of the Lake Erie
system. Extending across the natural watershed "boundaries of south-
eastern Michigan's tributaries is the metropolitan area of Detroit
and its suburbs. The water quality problems of Lake Erie, Detroit River,
Lake St. Clair, St. Clair River, and the individual tributaries are
interrelated and compounded by the urbanization and industrialization
of the area.
The complexity of the problem requires a comprehensive plan for
"CLEAN WATER" that takes into account the cause and effect relationships
of water resource utilization from the headwaters of the smallest
tributary to the large water reservoirs that constitute the Great Lakes*.
This document was assembled by the Detroit Program Office, Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, with the intention that it be used
together with information from other sources to develop a comprehensive
plan for water pollution control in the southeast Michigan tributaries
of the Lake Erie Basin. The intended purpose of the plan would be to
restore the usefulness of these waters for recreational purposes, provide
a more suitable environment for fish and aquatic life, and enhance the
value of this resource. It would Improve the quality of the area's waters
for municipal and industrial purposes, aesthetic enjoyment, and other
beneficial uses.
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LEGEND
LAKE SUPERIOR
Southeost Michigan Drainage Area
Interstate Water
Huron River
SCALE IN MILES
80
180
too
DETROIT PROGRAM OFFICE .
GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN PROJECT
LOCATION MAP
LAKE ERIE BASIN
HURON RIVER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
9REAT LAKES REGION OROSSE ILE, MICHIGAN
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LAKE ERIE BASIN
SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AREA
a«. of'A*T>iiT or TNI i«Tiinoit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------ 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ------------------- ' ------ - ------------------ 5
Climate ----- ---------- --- ...... ----- .. 6
Hydrology - - --- ----- ---- ..... ......... 6
Drought Flow .-- ---- ... ------- ............ ........ 7
WATER USE ------------------------------------------------------ 10
Municipal - -------- --- - ................ -. 10
Industrial ----- .--- --- ... ---- --- .............. 10
Recreational --- - ---------- - - ----- - 10
SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES -------------------------- 15
Municipal --------------------------------- - --------- : ------ 15
Industrial ------------------------------------------------ 18
POPULATION AND WASTE LOAD PROJECTIONS -------------------------- 26"
WATER QUALITY -------------------------------------------------- 31
Chemical ---- ------ - ----------------- - ------- ............ 31
Microbiology --- - -------- .......... ---------- ... ...... ... 34
Tributaries ---- - ------- -- -------- - ------------ .... ---- .... 3!*
Summary of Water Quality ------ - . ............ 36
Examination of Stream Effluents of Two Sewage
Treatment Plants ? located on the Lower Huron River 72
SUMMARY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1. Basin Map - Huron River --- 8
2. Flow Duration Curve ................. 9
3. Municipal and Industrial Outfall Locations - 25
k. Population and Municipal Waste Flow Projections - 29
5. DO - 1966 Annual Values 51
6. BOD - 1966 Annual Values 52
T. COD - 1966 Annual Values 53
8. Total Phosphate - 1966 Annual Values 5^
9. Total Soluble Phosphate - 1966 Annual Values 55
10. Nitrate - 1966 Annual Values 56
11. Nitrite - 1966 Annual Values 57
12. Ammonia Nitrogen - 1966 Annual Values .......... 58
13« Organic Nitrogen - 1966 Annual Values -- 59
Ik. Total Solids - 1966 Annual Values : 60
15. Dissolved Solids - 1966 Annual Values 6l
16. Suspended Solids - 1966 Annual Values ......... 62
17. Chlorides - 1966 Annual Values -- 63
18. Conductivity - 1966 Annual Values - 6k
19. Phenols - 1966 Annual Values 65
20. Iron - 1966 Annual Values 66
21. Calcium - 1966 Annual Values -..... 67
22. Total Hardness - 1966 Annual Values 68
,23. pH - 1966 Annual Values 69
ii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2k. Total Coliform Seasonal Values - 1966 70
25. Total Coliform Median Seasonal Values - 1966 - 71
26. Distribution of Salmonella 73
27. Location of Sampling Stations ................ 8l
iii
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1. Municipal Water Supplies 11, 12
2. Projected Water Use 14
3. Municipal Wastes - 1965 Yearly Averages 22
4. Industrial Waste Inventory ; 23, 24
5. Population and Waste Plow Projections 28
6. BOD5 Projections « 30
7. Sampling Station Locations ---------- 38
8. Huron-River Quality :^~«»i 39 -
9. Water Quality - Annual Bacteriological Densities 1*7 - ^
10. Water Quality - Tributaries - Annual Bacteriologi-
cal Densities --.----.-. 50.
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INTRODUCTION
AUTHORITY
Comprehensive water pollution control studies were authorized by
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956, as amended (33 USC 466
et seq.).
Sec. 3.(a) "The Secretary shall, after careful investigation,
and in cooperation with other Federal agencies, with State water
pollution control agencies and interstate agencies, and with the
municipalities and industries involved, prepare or develop compre-
hensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of
interstate waters and tributaries thereof and improving the
sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. In the
development of such comprehensive programs due regard shall be
given to the improvements which are necessary to conserve such
waters for public water supplies, propagation of fish and aquatic
life and wildlife, recreational purposes, and agricultural,
industrial, and other legitimate uses. For the purpose of this
section, the Secretary is authorized to make joint investigations
with any such agencies of the condition of any waters in any State
or States, and of the discharges of any sewage, industrial wastes,
or substance which may adversely affect such waters."
Sec. 5.(f) "The Secretary shall conduct research and
technical development work, and make studies, with respect
to the quality of the waters of the Great Lakes, including
an analysis of the present and projected future water quality
of the Great Lakes under varying conditions of waste treat-
ment and disposal, an evaluation of the water quality needs
of those to be served by such waters, an evaluation of muni-
cipal, industrial, and vessel waste treatment and disposal
practices with respect to such waters, and a study of alternate
means of solving water pollution problems (including additional
waste treatment measures with respect to such waters."
Initiation of the Great Lakes-Illinois River Comprehensive Program
Activity followed an appropriation of funds by the 86th Congress late in
1960. In accordance with the provisions of the Act, the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare delegated the responsibility for the study
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to the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control of the Public Health
Service. Passage of the "Water Quality Act of 1965" gave the responsi-
bility for these studies to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion (FWFCA). As a result of Reorganization Flan No. 2 of 1966, the FWPCA
vas transferred from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to
the Department of the Interior effective May 10, 1966.
PURPOSE
This report presents the water quality of the Huron River, Michigan
as it exists today, and includes predictions of population, water use,
and waste load trends for future years. Its purpose is to present informa-
tion that can "be used as a basis for developing a basin wide water pollution
control program. The objectives of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration are to enhance the quality and value of the Nation's water
resources, and to prevent, control, and abate water pollution through
cooperative municipal, State, and Federal pollution control programs.
SCOPE
The area covered by this report is the Huron River Drainage Basin,
Michigan, which is part of the Southeastern Michigan area tributary to
Lake Erie. While some data from the entire Huron River Basin are pre-
sented herein, most of the water quality data collected by FWFCA are
in the main river between Ann Arbor and the mouth of the Huron River at
Lake Erie.
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ORGANIZATION
The Detroit Program Office, located at the Naval Air Station, Grosse
lie, Michigan, "began collecting water quality data oh the Huron River
in 1966. Its staff includes specialists in several professional skills,
such as sanitary engineers, hydrologists, chemists, "biologists, and
"bacteriologists. The resources of the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engi-
neering Center at Cincinnati, Ohio have "been utilized, and assistance
and guidance have "been obtained from the Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins Project, Chicago.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Detroit Program Office has received the cooperation and
assistance of local, State, and Federal agencies, as well as interested
individuals. The principal agencies taking an active part in providing
assistance in the preparation of the report are as follows:
State Agencies -
\
Michigan Water Resources Commission
Michigan Department of Public Health
Federal Agencies -
U.S. Department of Commerce
Weather Bureau
Office of Business Economics
Bureau of Census
U.S. Department of the Interior
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Geological Survey
.U.S. Department of Defense
Detroit District, Corps of Engineers
Lake Survey, Corps of Engineers
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Area Description
The Huron River, located in the southeastern portion of Michigan,
discharges to the western end of Lake Erie near the mouth of the Detroit
River. The Huron River has its source at Big Lake in Oakland County and
flows in a southwesterly direction for 55 miles through an inland lake
region. The river then, flows southeasterly approximately 65 miles to its
mouth at Pointe Mouillee on Lake Erie. Pointe Mouillee is a large marshy
area extending into Lake Erie at the mouth of the Detroit River area.
The Huron River enters Lake Erie through a distributary system in the
Mouillee Marsh.
The Huron River falls about hkO feet from its headwaters to its mouth.
The main stem of the Huron River below Base Line Lake has a series of
hydroelectric dams, some of which are not producing power. Two of the
major impoundments are Ford and Belleville Lakes below Ypsilanti.
The Huron River Basin has a drainage area of 890 square miles comprising
parts of Oakland, Livingston, Washtenaw, Wayne, and Monroe Counties. The
major population center is the Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti area. (See Figure 1.)
The two major tributaries to the Huron River are the Portage River in
the northwestern portion of the basin and Mill Creek in the southwestern
portion of the basin near Dexter, .Michigan. The Portage River has a drain-
age area of approximately 80 square miles and Mill Creek has a drainage
area of approximately 135 square miles.
The Huron River Basin is shaped like a mallet with the upper basin
comprising the head. For approximately 50 miles from the mouth of the
Huron River to Ann Arbor, the basin is narrow and averages 5 miles in width.
5 -
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Above Ann Arobr, the "basin widens and contains some 3^0 lakes and im-
poundments.
The upper basin topography consists of rolling hills, flatlands, and
lakes, and contains extensive deposits of sand and gravel. The topography
below Ann Arbor is relatively flat, containing primarily clay and silt
deposits of an ancient lake bed.
Climate
The Huron River Basin, lying in the southeast corner of Michigan, has
a climate that is greatly affected by the Great Lakes. These large masses
of water tend to raise the temperature of the air in winter and lower it
during the summer. This action results in a climate that is more moderate
than is experienced in the areas to the west and southwest of Michigan.
This climate can be described as one having a wide seasonal temperature
variation, many storms,.and a relatively constant yearly precipitation
distribution. In the winter, this precipitation is usually in the form
of snow.
At Ann Arbor, the average yearly temperature is ^9, with average sum-
mer and winter temperatures of 69° and 28°, respectively. The normal .year-
ly precipitation at Ann Arbor is 31 inches, with roughly 50% falling during
the months of May through September, inclusive. The growing season averages
163 days.
Hydrology
Location of U.S. Geological Survey Gages
There are nine U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations in the Huron
River Basin. One of these, Huron River at Ann Arbor, was utilized by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration in this report. It has a
6
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drainage area of 711 square miles and is located 100 feet upstream froia
the Wall Street "bridge in Ann Arbor. It has "been in operation since February
190U. At this station, the maximum and minimum discharges are 5840 and
If cubic feet per second (cfs), respectively. For the period of record, the
discharge has averaged 1*3^ cfs.
Drought Flow
The flow of the Huron River is regulated "by the many dams along its
length. This regulation tends to make meaningless any value of short-term.
drought flow calculated. It is "believed, however, that the thirty-day
drought flow is a reliable value. The one and seven-day values are in-
cluded "below to show the wide variance between the three flows. These
flows were calculated for the U.S. Geological Survey gage at Ann Arbor
for the 191*8-1961* period. They are as follows:
One-day ( once- in-t en-years) - 35 cfs
Seven-day (once- in- ten-years) - 70 cfs
Thirty-day (once- in- ten-years) ~ 97 cfs
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LAKE HURON PROGRAM OFFICE
HURON RIVER BASIN
LAKE
ERIE
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FIGURE
FLOW DURATION CURVE
HURON RIVER AT ANN ARBOR
1915-1947, 1949-1964
10,000
1,000
0
z
o
o
UJ
V)
UJ
Q.
100
CD
O
O
UJ
i
o
10
I
0.01 O.OS O.I 0.2 0.9
\
\
t 8 IO ZO SO 4O 90 60 7O 10 9O 99 96 99
TIME IN PERCENT OF TOTAL PERIOD
99.8 99.9 99.99
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WATER USE
Municipal Water Supply
The Huron River Basin has a 1965 population served "by public water
supplies of about 150,000 people. This number is expected to increase
to 360,000 by 1990 and to 510,000 by 2020. Municipal water use in 1965
was estimated to be approximately 20 million gallons per day (MOD) and
projected to be U8 and 73 MGD in 1990 and 2020, respectively. Approxi-
mately one-half of the present water supply comes from the Huron River.
The remainder is from ground water supplies.
Table 1 lists the present water supplies and the source. In Table 2
the projected municipal water uses for 199° and 2020 are shown.
Industrial Water Supply
Many of the small industries in the basin obtain their water from the
municipal supply. The industrial water use shown in Table 2 is the quan-
tity of water obtained directly from other sources. This table also shows
projected industrial water use.
Water-related Recreation
The Huron River Basin is dotted with lakes and parks that offer out-
door facilities of all types. One of the major recreational areas in the
basin is the Lower Huron Metropolitan Park. Fishing, boating, swimming,
and skiing, are popular water uses in the basin. Recreation inventory and
analyses are contained in the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation report. "Water
Oriented-Outdoor Recreation Lake Erie Basins." August 1966.
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TABLE 1 . MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES*
Huron River Basin
Town
Brighton
1960
Pop.
2,300
Brighton Twp. 450
Green Oak Twp. 1,000
Boys Vocational 100
School
Commerce Twp. 3,100
Owner**
M
T
T
Milford
South Lyon
4,300
1,800
M
M
Walled Lake 700 M
Wixom 350 C
Wolverine Lake 300 M
Belleville 1,900 M
Flat Rock 4,700 M
Rockwood 2,000 M
Ann Arbor 67,300 M
Source Treatment**
Wells in drift 94' to 97' 4, 5 & 6
deep
Wells in drift 105' deep
Wells in drift 116' to 126'
deep
Wells in drift 81' to 90' 4 & 5
deep
Wells in drift 112' to 140'
deep
Wells in drift 118' deep
Wells in drift 104' to 118'
deep
Wells in drift 160' to 206'
deep
Wells in drift 64' deep
Wells in drift 254' to 257'
deep
Detroit
Intake Huron River 1
Water from Flat Rock
Wells in drift 30' to 56' deep 2 & 6
and 178' deep plus Huron
River water
* Taken from "Data on Public Water Supplies in Michigan," Engineering
Bulletin No. 4 by the Michigan Department of Public Health.
** See Owner and Treatment Code, page 13
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TABLE 1 . MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES*
Huron River Basin
1960
Town Pop.
Ann Arbor Twp. 500
Chelsea
3,400
Dexter 1,700
Lyndon Twp. 250
Brookside Sub. 200
Walden Woods 200
Scio & Webster 200
Twp.
Superior Twp.
400
Ypsilanti 21,000
Ypsilanti Twp. 20,000
Ypsilanti State 5,000
Hospital
Owner** Source
P Wells in drift 58' to 142'
deep
M Wells in drift 34' to 40'
deep
M Wells in rock 280' deep
S Wellar in.drift 74' deep
T Wells in drift 75' deep
P Wells in drift 101' deep
D Wells in drift 51' deep
T Wells in drift 113' to 120'
deep
M Wells in drift 87' to 102'
deep
T Wells in drift 81' to 87'
deep
S Wells in drift 217' to 226'
deep
Treatment**
4 & 6
5
5
2 & 6
2 & 6
* Taken from "Data on Public Water Supplies in Michigan," Engineering
Bulletin No. 4 by the Michigan Department of Public Health.
** See Owner and Treatment Code, page 13.
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OWNER AND TREATMENT CODES
Owner Code;
M = City or Village
T «" Township
P = Private
D = District
C « County
S = State
U.S. a Federal
Treatment Code;
1. Std. Filtration*
2. Lime softening**
3. Zeolite softening
4. Iron removal
5. Chlorination
6. Fluoridation
* Implies at least chlorina.tion, chemical coagulation, and rapid sand
filtration.
**Lime softening includes filtration.
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TABLE 2 . PROJECTED WATER USE (MGD)
1965 1990 2020
Municipal* 20 48 73
Industrial _£ IP. JL4.
Total 26 58 87
*Includes water for small industries.
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SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE
Municipal
Eleven communities discharge treated wastes to watercourses in the
Huron River Basin. Secondary treatment is provided for an estimated
132,550 people, primary treatment for an estimated 86,000 people, and
private septic tank or no treatment at all for an estimated 16,000 people.
All of the municipal sewage treatment plants chlorinate the final effluent.
Municipal sewage treatment plants discharge about 19 million gallons
per day (MOD). The Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti area contributes Bf% of the muni-
cipal waste to the Huron River. Table 3 lists the 1965 population
served, the flow, and the waste constituents. Figure 3 gives the location
of the municipal sewage treatment plants in the Huron River Basin.
Ann Arbor - 1965
The Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant serves a population of ?U,000 and
discharges 10.3 MGD to the Huron River. Ninety-five percent of the occupied
properties in Ann Arbor are served with a separate sewer system. Utilizing
the activated sludge process, the plant removes an average of 95$ of the
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD,.) from the incoming sewage. BOD,, in the
effluent varied from 7 to 30 milligrams/liter (mg/l), with an average of
12 mg/1 during 1965.
Brighton - 1965
The community of Brighton has 98$ of the population connected to a
separate sewer system. A trickling filter plant with an average flow of
6.5 MGD serves a population of 2300. The average BOD,, removal was
15
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during 1965. The BOD ' in the effluent varied from 15 to 30 mg/1 with an
average of 21 mg/1. The Brighton sewage treatment plant discharges to
Ore Creek, a tributary of the Huron River.
Chelsea - 1965
The Chelsea sewage treatment plant serves a population of 3500. Virtu-
ally »IT occupied properties are connected to a separate sewer system.
Treatment consists of an activated sludge plant with an average removal of
93% of the BOD5. The concentration of BOD5 in the effluent varied from 6
to 27 mg/1 with an average of 13 mg/1. The average discharge for 19^5 was
0.3 MOD.
Dexter - 1965
The Village of Dexter provides primary treatment for a population of
2000. Approximately 95$ of the community is served with a separate sewer
* ' '.. ' '
system. The average discharge to Mill Creek was 0.12 MGD with an effluent
BOD_ range of 123 to 305 mg/1. The average BOD5 in the effluent was 207 mg/1.
| | !
Hat Rock - 1965
The Flat Rock primary sewage treatment plant serves a population of
h60Q. Ninety-five percent of the community is sewered. Approximately 30$
of the occupied properties are connected to a combined sever and the re-
mainder to a separate sewer system. The BOD,- in the effluent ranged from
63 to 173 mg/1 with an average of 135 mg/1, a removal of 50$« The average
flow was 0.34 MGD.
Milford - 1965
The City of Milford has virtually all occupied properties connected to
16
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a separate sewer system. Treatment consists of a trickling filter with
664 removal of BOD... The average BOD^ discharged was 73 mg/1 during 1965.
r 5 5
The total population served "by the Milford plant was 5000. Average flow
was 0.53 MGD.
Rockwood - 1965
The Rockwood primary sewage treatment plant serves a population of
8000. The average discharge during 1965 was 0.32 MOD. The BOD- removal
averaged about 40$ with a concentration range of 49 to 139 mg/1 and an
average of 96 mg/1. Virtually «.*n occupied properties are connected to a
combined sewer system.
City of Ypsilanti - 1965
The City of Ypsilanti with a population served of 22,000 has an acti-
vated sludge type sewage treatment plant. Virtually »13 occupied prop-
erties are connected to a separate sewer system. BOD removals average
about 86$ with an average concentration in the effluent of 21 mg/1. av-
erage flow was 2.28 MGD.
Ypsilanti Township - 1965
Ypsilanti Township has approximately 80$ of its occupied properties
connected to a separate sanitary sewer system. Treatment consists of an
activated sludge- type plant with an average flow of 3.65 MGD. The effluent
aas an average concentration of 25 mg/1. The population served was 23,000.
Ypsilanti State Hospital,- 1965
Ypsilanti State Hospital sewage treatment plant: has an average flow of
approximately 0.5 MGD. This is a trickling filter plant. The effluent
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BOD,, for the 1965 records available averaged 33 mg/1. The BOD,, removal
efficiency of this plant is about 87%.
South Lyon - 1965
South Lyon has 98% of the occupied properties connected to a separate
sewer system. Treatment consists of an activated sludge type plant. This
plant serves a population of 1,900 and has an average flow of 0.18 MGD.
BOD_ removal of 95% provides an effluent with an average concentration of 12
mg/1.
Industrial - 1966
Thirteen industries discharge wastes to the Huron River or the tribu-
taries. Waste originating from plating operations,.automotive parts, and
assembly plants, steel plants, a paper company, and manufacturing plants
total approximately 6 MGD. Waste constituents include toxic metals, oil,
grease, solids, BOD,., iron, chrome, fiber, dye, and cooling water, shown
on Table 4. Figure 3 shows the location of the industrial waste outfalls
in the Huron River Basin.
Nine industries provide adequate treatment or control of their indus-
trial wastes as determined by the Michigan Water Resources Commission. Two
industries provide inadequate treatment and are under order by the State.
Surveys to determine the adequacy of treatment for the two remaining
industries are being conducted by the State.
Belleville Plating Company in Belleville discharges 0.02 MGD to the
Huron River from electroplating operations. Waste constituents include
f
copper, cyanide, nickel, cadmium, zinc, acids, and alkali. Treatment
consists of CN oxidation with chlorine, precipitation of metals with a lime
18
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equalizing lagoon, and two sedimentation tanks. Treatment is rated as
adequate by the State of Michigan. Sanitary wastes are discharged to a
septic tank and the tile field.
Detroit. Toledo, and Ironton Railroad Company operates a railroad
repair yard and repair shops in Flat Rock. Wastes originate during the
repair and fueling of diesel engines, and are discharged to Silver Creek,
a tributary of the Huron River. The principal waste constituents contained
in a flow of 0.003 MGD are oils. Treatment consists of oil skimming and
is rated as adequate by the State. Sanitary wastes are discharged to a
septic tank and tile field.
Federal Screw Products Corporation is located in the City of Chelsea.
The products are metal-threaded parts and bolts. A waste discharge of 0.02
MGD consists of soluble oils, wastewater, and cooling water. The oils
are collected and disposed of by commercial waste oil contractors. Waste-
waters are discharged to a 10,000-gallon holding tank for washer water.
Cooling waters are discharged to a city-owned storm drain connected to
Letts Creek, a tributary to the Huron River. Control of wastes are rated
as adequate by the State. Sanitary wastes are treated by the City of Chelsea.
Ford Motor Company-Lincoln Division, located in the City of Wixom,
discharges wastes originating from automobile assembly operations, and are
discharged to Norton Creek, a tributary to the Huron River. The flow from
this plant is 1.2 MGD, and the main waste constituents are paint, sludge,
solids, and chromate. Waste treatment consists of the breaking up of sludges
by chemical agents, bisulfite for chromate, and 3 settling lagoons. Treat-
ment, is considered adequate by the State. Sanitary wastes are treated in
a company plant with a biofilter and chlorination.
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Ford Motor Company-Ypsilauti Plant discharges 0.03 MGD of wastes to
the Huron River. Cooling water and cyanides are the main waste constituents
produced in the manufacture of automotive parts and accessories. The
cooling water is discharged to. the Huron River and the cyanide is taken to
Monroe for treatment. Treatment is considered as adequate by the State.
Sanitary wastes are discharged to Ypsilanti for treatment.
General Motors Corporation-Fisher Body Division, Ypsilanti Township,
discharges 0.66 MGD of wastes originating from automobile body assembly
operations. The major waste constituents are chromate, paint, sludge, BOD,.,
and solids. Industrial waste treatment or control consists of removal with
coagulants in clarifier-equalizing lagoons. Additional treatment has been
provided to remove excess BOD,.. Adequacy has not been determined. Sanitary
sewage is discharged to the Ypsilanti Township.
Hoover Ball & Bearing Company-Reynolds Chemical Products Division,
Northfield Township, discharges wastes from the manufacture of plastic
products to Horseshoe Lake outlet drain, a tributary of the Huron River.
The waste discharge is 0.07 MGD of cooling water. Control is rated as
adequate by the State. Sanitary wastes are discharged to a septic tank and
tile field.
Huron Valley Steel Corporation in Belleville discharges wastes from
the production of pig iron to the Huron River. The .flow from the plant is 1.1
MGD, and the wastes constituents are iron and solids. Waste treatment or
control consists of a lagoon. Present treatment is inadequate. Plans and
construction are underway to provide additional treatment facilities.
Sanitary wastes are discharged to a septic tank and tile field.
King-Seeley Corporation - Scio Plant in Ann Arbor discharges 0.276 MGD
20
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of wastes originating from electroplating operations to the Huron River.
Waste constituents include .alkali, acids, chromate, copper, nickel, and
cyanide. Waste treatment is considered adequate by the State. Sanitary
wastes are treated in a plant biofilter and Imhoff tank with chlorination.
Longworth Plating Company is located in the City of Chelsea. Wastes
in amounts of 0.04 MGD originate from electroplating operations, and are
discharged to a city-owned storm sewer tributary to Letts Creek and the
Huron River. The principal waste constituents consist of cyanide and
metalic ions. New waste treatment facilities have been added. Adequacy has
not been determined. Sanitary wastes are discharged to the City of Chelsea
for treatment.
Michigan Seamless Tube Company is located in the City of South Lyons.
The waste discharge is 0.91 MGD. The cooling water is discharged to the
Huron River, and is insignificant. The pickling liquor is lagooned and
discharged to the ground. Treatment or control is rated as adequate by the
State. Sanitary wastes are discharged to the City of South Lyons for
treatment.
Peninsular Paper Company in Ypsilanti discharges wastes from the
manufacture of paper, using purchased pulp as raw material to the Huron River.
Principal waste constituents are paper fiber and dyes. No industrial waste
treatment is provided. Control is rated as inadequate by the State. Sanitary
wastes are treated by the City of Ypsilanti.
Rockwell-Standard Corporation - Chelsea Spring Division, located in
Chelsea, discharges 0.1 MGD of uncontaminated cooling water to Letts Creek,
a tributary to the Huron River. Sanitary wastes are discharged to the City
of Chelsea for treatment. Treatment or control is rated as adequate, by the
State.
21
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TABLE 3. HURON RIVER MUNICIPAL WASTES
':.' Yearly Averages for 1965
Community
Ann. Arbor
Brighton
Chelsea
Dexter
Flat Rock
Mllford
Rockwood
South Lyon
Stockbridge
Ypsilanti
Yfcsilanti Twp.
Ypsilanti State
Population
Served
74,000
2,300
3,500
2.000
4,600
5,000
2,000
1,900
,.::,' ' -850.';
22,000
; 23,000
.: "'' '' "'v-..'' '":..' ,. ''-.'-'
Flow
(MGD)
10.31
0.49
0.27
0.12
0.34
0.53
0.32
0.18
0.13
2.28
3.65
.54
Temp.
°F
62
58
60
57
58
59
6b
59
65
81
pH
7.5
7.4
7.9
7.5
7.4
7.7
7.8
No
7.7
7.6
.
5-Day
(mg/1)
12 ^ ':
21
13
207
135
' 73 :::
Sb
12
BOD
(#/d)
1030
86
29
207
383
323
256
18
Suspended
(mg/D
18
38
17
127
63
.- AS '':'\'-
60
14
Solids
<#/d)
1550
155
38
127
179
200
160
"' 21
information available
..-;: '21 ':,;.
' ' 25 . .:
/' ''33-'. "":':
400
760
149
52
33
30
990
7'
1000
135
Hospital.
-------
TABLE Af HURON RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY
LO
Industry
Belleville Plating Co.
DT&IRR Yards
Federal Screw Products
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co. - Lincoln
General Motors Corp. -
Fisher Body Div.
Hoover Ball & Bearing Co.
Chemical Prod . Div.
Huron Valley Steel Corp.
King- See ley Thermos Corp.
Location
Belleville
Flat Rock
Chelsea
Ypsilanti
Wixom
Willow Run
Whltmore Lake
Belleville
' /'*"*
Scio
Receiving
Stream
Huron River
Silver Creek
Letts Creek
Huron River
Norton Drain
Willow Run Creek
Horseshoe Lake
outlet drain
Huron River
Huron River
Waste
Constituents
Acids, toxic
metals, alkali
Oil V
Cooling water
Cooling water
Paint sludge,
solids, chromate
Paint sludge, BOD
.solids j chromate .
Cooling water
Solids
Acids, alkali,
toxic metals
Waste
Flow
(MGD) Treatment Provided
MWRC
Rati
1966'
0.02 CNg oxid.w/chlorine, A
Cr red w/bisulfite,
ppt. of metals w/lime
equalizing, lagoons
0.003 Oil skimmer
0.02 Holding tank
0.03 None
1.2 Precipitation,
lagoons
0.66 Coagulation, lagoon
f '
0.07 None
I.I Lagoon
0.276 Cr6 red w/bisulfite,
CN oxid.w/chlorine,
ppt. of Cr3 w/lime,
settling lagoon
. >
' 'A
". A
A
'.*
... -A.
'"-.'. 'E
A
Note: * A - Control adequate.
B - Control provided - adequacy not established.
E - Control inadequate.
-------
TABLE 4. HURON RIVER INDUSTRIAL WASTE INVENTORY (cont.)
Industry
Longworth Plating Co.
Michigan Seamless Tube Co.
Peninsular Paper Co.
Rockwell- Standard Corp.
Spring Diy.
Location
Chelsea
South Lyon
^f
Ypsilanti
Chelsea
Receiving
Stream
Letts Creek
Huron River
Huron River
Letts Creek
Waste
Constituents
Acids, alkali,
toxic metals, oil
Cooling water,
pickling liquor
Fiber, dye
Cooling water
Waste
Flow
(MGD)
0.04
0.91
1.6
0.1
MWRC;
Ratlr
Treatment Provided 1966'-
CN oxid.w/hypochlor- B
ite, 2 settling
lagoons
Pickling liquor A
lagooned, cooling .
water to river
Save- alls S
None A
Note: * A - Control adequate.
B - Control provided - adequacy not established.
E - Control inadequate.
-------
MUNICIPAL 6 INDUSTRIAL WASTE OUTFALLS
HURON RIVER BASIN
-------
POPULATION AND WASTE LOAD PROJECTIONS
Demographic studies were conducted Toy the Great Lakes-Illinois River
Basins Project, Chicago, for the southeastern Michigan portion of the Lake
Erie drainage basin, of which the Huron River is a part. Population trends,
on a national, regional, and county "basis were analyzed and population
projections were developed for the Huron River Basin.
The population centers in the Huron River Basin are Ann Arbor (6f, 340),
Ypsilanti (20,957), Ypsilanti Township (25,950), Flat Rock (4,696), and
Milford (4,323), according to the I960 census figures.
The total I960 population in.the Huron River Basin, including the
population of incorporated and unincorporated areas, was estimated to "be
218,000. By the year 1990, the total population was estimated to increase
to 380,000, of which 360,000 would "be municipal and served by sewerage
systems. In 2020, the total population was estimated to be 590,000, of
which 510,000 would be municipal population. In the Huron River Basin,
each area was analyzed and it was determined that these areas would be
urbanized by 1990 and 2020, and served by sewerage systems.
Table 5 shows the estimated populations and waste flow projections
for the Huron River Basin in 1990 and 2020. (See Figure 4.)
For the Huron River Basin, the 1965 population served by municipal
sewage systems was 142,000. This population served was used to determine
the 1965 BOD- loading to the Huron River. BOD^ projections were based on
present day inventory information obtained from the Michigan Water Resources
Commission, the Michigan Department of Public Health, and the U.S. Public
Health Service.
26
-------
The results of the BOD^ projections are shown in Table 6. Total
BOD5 to the Huron River, with removal of 90% for municipal wastes, and an
assumed removal of 50% for industrial wastes, was determined to be 5500
pounds per day. In 1990 and 2020, this is projected to increase to 11,600
and 17,400 pounds per day, respectively.
27
-------
5 .. POPULATION AND WASTE FLOW PROJECTIONS
1965 1990 2020
Population Served 142,000 360,000 510,000
Water Usage (GPCD) 100 . 110 120
Waste Flows (MGD) , .
Municipal ..
Residential 14.2 40 61
Industrial 5.0 8 12
Subtotal 19.2 48 73
Industrial 6.0 10 14
(direct to river) '
Total to Huron River (MGD) 25.2 58 87
28
-------
FIGURE 4
POPULATION AND MUNICIPAL
WASTE FLOW PROJECTIONS FOR THE
HURON RIVER BASIN
1.000,000
o
Ul
u
v>
100,000
Q.
o
o.
10,000
I I I I I I I I
ill I I I I I I
I I I I I I
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I960 1070 1980 1090 2000
YEARS
_l_l I
100
IO
>
<
o:
LJ
a.
z
o
2010
2020
2030
-------
TABLE 6. BODs PROJECTIONS (#/day)
1965 1990 2020
Untreated BOD
Municipal
Residential 25,000 65,000 102,000
Industrial 10,000 17,000 24,000
Subtotal 35,000 82,000 126,000
Industrial 4,000 6,800 9,600
(direct to river)
Total Untreated BOD 39,000 88,800 135,600
Treated BOD to Huron River . 1965 1990 2020
Municipal
With present 907. removal 3,500 8,200 12,600
With 95% removal 1,750 4,100 6,300
With 997. removal 350 820 1,260
Industrial (direct to river)
With present 507. removal 2,000 3,400 4,800
With 907» removal 400 680 960
With 957. removal 200 340 480
With 997. removal 40 68 96
Total BOD to Huron River
With present removal 5,500 11,600 17,400
With 907. removal 3,900 8,880 13,560
With 957. removal 1,950 4,440 6,780
With 997. removal 390 888 1,356
30
-------
WATER QUALITY
The water quality data of the Huron River Basin is divided into tvo
sections: l) the Huron River, and 2) tributaries of the Huron River
which include Mill Creek and Willow Run Creek, shown on Figure 1. The
station locations for the Huron River and its tributaries are shown on
Ta"ble 7 and were sampled on a "biweekly "basis in 1966 and January 4, 1967*
These sampling stations included the following parameters and are shown
on Ta"ble 8: coliform, dissolved oxygen (3DO), 5-day "biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD-), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (total and total .
' ""x..
soluble), nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and organic nitrogen), solids'
' V _
(total, dissolved and suspended), phenol, chloride, conductivity, pH, iron,
calcium, and total hardness.
Chemical
DO, as shown on Figure 5> averaged 9-5 to 12.9 Eig/l> and BOD- as
shown on Figure 6, averaged 2 to 11 mg/1, from Station T270 to T055. The
range of BOD values was from 3 to 52 mg/1 (average 11 mg/l) at T230, "be-
low the Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant (STP). However, at Station T235,
which is also "below the STP, the range was from 2 to 11 mg/1, and the
average was 6 mg/1.
COD data at Station T230 showed an average value of 65 mg/1 and maxi-
mum value of 665 mg/1. The COD values shown on,Figure 7 for the rest of
the river stations averaged from 23 to 36 mg/1.
Total phosphate average values, Figure 8, ranged from .10 to 3.12 mg/1
"between T270 and T055. Stations T270 to 12*10 showed averages were .10 to
31
-------
.26 mg/1, and Station T210 had an average of 3.12 mg/1. From T235, below
the Ann Arbor STP to Station T055, the averages were at or above 1.00 mg/1.
The greatest concentrations were found below the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti
STP's. Total soluble phosphate values, Figure 9, follow the pattern set
by the total phosphates with the averages between T270 and T240 ranging
from .06 to .21 mg/1. Between T235 and T055, averages ranged from .83 and
2.51 mg/1, with Station T210 average value being 2.51 mg/1.
Nitrate concentration averages, Figure 10, ranged from .2 to .8 mg/1
on the river. Nitrate concentrations were greater than .5 mg/1 below the
Ann Arbor STP (T235 to T055). At T220, T056, and T055, averages were at
.8 mg/1. All maximum values, except for T270 (.5 mg/1) were above 1.0 mg/1.
Nitrite concentrations, Figure 11, averaged .01 mg/1 above the Ann
Arbor STP, while below the STP, concentrations increased to .07 mg/1 and
then decreased below T215 with the range being .02 to .03 mg/1.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations, Figure 12, above the Ann Arbor STP,
Stations T270 to T245 averaged from .22 to .34 mg/1, then increased drama-
tically at T235 below the STP to 1.68 mg/1. Between Stations T220 and T055,
the averages ranged from .88 to .56 mg/1. An increase was noted from T056
to T055. (Rockwood STP is located between these sampling points.)
Organic nitrogen concentration averages, Figure 13, ranged from .11
to .19 mg/1 over all sampling points. The only noticeable concentration
increases were found from T215 to T055 below where Willow Run Creek enters
the Huron River.
Solids concentrations, Figures 14, 15 and 16, were generally high in
the Huron River. Total solid averages increased steadily from T270 to T056,
32
-------
348 to 452 mg/1, and then increased dramatically at T055 to 536 mg/1.
Suspended solids averaged from 12 to 36 mg/1, with the greatest concen-
trations being found at T056 and T055, 36 and 35 mg/1, respectively.
These sampling points were influenced by the Flat Rock and Rockwood areas.
Chloride concentrations, Figure 17, showed a general increase from
T270 to T055 (23 to 45 mg/1). A similar trend was noticed by conductivity
between T270 and T056 (481 to 595 micromhos); however, below the Rockwood
STP at T055, conductivity, Figure 18, increased to 675 micromhos.
Phenolic concentrations, Figure 19, averaged from 3 to 12i
-------
Microbiology
Five sampling points - T240, T235, T230, T056, and T055 had coliform
densities above 2400 organisms/100ml. At Station T240, the coliform den-
sities did reduce to below 1000 organisms/100ml during the chlorinating
season. At Stations T235 and T230, both below the Ann Arbor STP and
Station T056 below the Flat Rock STP, and Station T055 below the Rockwood
STP, coliform medians during chlorination ranged from 2000 to 3700 organ-
isms/lOOml, while during non-chlorination seasons, the range was from
34,000 to 620,000 organisms/100ml (Table 9).
i
Coliform data, Figure 24, is divided into three1 seasons - January 1
to May 14, 1966 (non-chlorination period), May 15 td September 15, 1966
(chlorination period), and September 16 to January 4, 1967 (non-chlorination),
Tributaries
Mill Creek
Station T266 is located on the Mill Creek above Dexter STP. Water
quality measurements are found in Table 8. Except fdr higher values for
nitrates - 1.00 ong/1, total solids - 518 mg/1, conductivity - 657 micromhos/
cm, iron - .71 mg/1, hardness - 345 mg/1, and calcium - 100 mg/1, the water
quality measurements for Mill Creek are in the same range as water quality
.measurements in the Huron River for sampling points T270 to T255.-
At Station T266 coliform medians, Table 10, ranged from 530 organisms/
100ml (chlorination season) to 8900 organisms/100ml (post-chlorination
season). Average values shoto: DO - 10.3 mg/1, BODs - 2 mg/1, COD - 25 mg/1,
total phosphate - .34 mg/1, total soluble phosphate - .21 .mg/1, nitrogen-
-------
nitrate - 1.0 mg/1, nitrite - .02 mg/1, ammonia - .37 mg/1, and organic -
.11 mg/1, suspended solids - 18 mg/1, phenol - 8jjg/l, and chloride - 29 mg/1,
Mill Creek does not have a great effect on the Huron River though phosphates
and phenols do show relatively high averages as shown on Table 3.
Willow Run Creek
Willow Run Creek receives the Ypsilanti Township STP and General Motors
Corporation wastes above Station T216, the sampling point on Willow Run
Creek. Except for nitrates - .8 mg/1 average value which is consistent
with the Huron River data, all of the other water quality measurements are
extremely high.
Coliform medians ranged from 38,000 to 1,270,000 organisms/100ml for
the 3 seasons - pre-chlorination, chlorination, and post-chlorination -
at Station T216. The average values for the following parameters indicate
that the water of Willow Run Creek is of extremely poor quality and grossly
polluted: DO - 7.4 mg/1, BODs - 20 mg/1, COD - 142 mg/1, phosphate -
(total - 15.41 mg/1 and total soluble - 8.59 mg/1), nitrogen - (nitrite -
.30 mg/1, ammonia - 8.8 mg/1, and organic - .65 mg/1), solids - (total -
640 mg/1 and suspended - 57 mg/1), phenol - le^ug/l, chloride - 110 mg/1,
conductivity - 868 micromhos, and iron--""2v31 mg/1 (Tables 8 and 10).
35
-------
Summary of Water Quality
Except for a few isolated instances, water quality measurements show
that the main pollution problems are located below the Ann Arbor sewage
treatment (STP), Station T235. Co1iform medians were 3300 to 620,000
organisms/lOOml for the chlorination and non-chlorination seasons; total
phosphate concentrations - average 2.1 mg/1 and total soluble - 1.75 mg/1,
nitrate - average .7 mg/1, ammonia nitrogen - 1.68 mg/1, organic nitrogen -
.16 mg/1, and total solids - 510 mg/1 are increases which occur at Station
T235. At T056, below the Flat Rock STP, and T055, below the Rockwood STP,
show increases in coliform densities, nitrates, total solids, conductivity,
and iron concentrations, which are serious enough to influence the water
quality of the Huron River» Various parameters such as total.'phosphate -
.10 to 3.12 mg/1, total soluble - .06 - 2.5 mg/1, nitrate nitrogen - .2 -
.8 mg/1, ammonia .22 - 1.68 mg/1, total solids - 348 - 536 mg/1, and
suspended solids - 12-36 mg/1, and iron - .36 - ..77 mg/1 are present in
concentrations which effect the overall quality of the Huron River.
The Huron River is divided, generally, into two water quality sections;
one above the Ann Arbor STP where parameter concentrations are low; and the
section below the Ann Arbor STP where parameter concentrations are high.
Tributaries
Mill Creek and Willow Run Creek are two tributaries to the Huron River '
which were sampled.
Mill Creek water quality measures on a level comparable with the Huron
River area above the Ann Arbor STP, except for higher nitrate, total solids,
conductivity, iron, hardness, and calcium concentrations.
36.
-------
Willow Run Creek, except for nitrate concentrations which are consis-
tent with the Huron River data, contains extremely high levels of pollut-
ants. Coliform densities range from 38,000 organisms/lOQml during the
chlorination period, to 1,270,000 organisms/lOCtal during the post-chlo-
rination period;. total phosphate - 15.^1 Kg/1, and total soluble phosphate
8.59 EJg/1; nitrogen - ammonia 8.8 mg/1, and organic .65 mg/1; total solids
640 mg/1 and suspended - 57 rag/1; phenol - 16 ug/1, chloride - 110 mg/1,
conductivity - 860 micromhos, and iron - 2.31 mg/1 are averages which in-,
dicate the extremely' poor quality of the Willow Run Creek water.
37
-------
TABLE 7. HURON RIVER SAMPLING STATIONS
MAINSTREAM STATIONS
\
Station
T055
T056 :
T200
T205
T210
T215
T220
T225
T230
T235
T240
T245
T255
T265
T270
TRIBUTARY
Station
T216
T266
Mile Point
1.65
4.60
9.00
19.75
25.30
28.80
32.00
37.50
38.90
39.80
42.60
46.80
54.10
58.50
62.60
STATIONS
Mile Point
1.90
0.50
Location
River Rd. bridge near Pointe Mouillee (MWRC
Fort St. bridge in Rockwood
Telegraph Rd bridge in Flat Rock
Waltz Rd. bridge in New Boston
Huron Rd. bridge below Belleville Lake dam
Belleville Rd. crossing of Belleville Lake
station)
Rawsonville Rd. crossing at the head of Belleville
Lake
Michigan Ave. bridge in Ypsilanti
LeForge Rd. bridge below Peninsular Dam
Superior Rd. bridge downstream from the Ann
sewage treatment plant
Dixboro Rd. bridge
Wall St. bridge in Ann Arbor (USGS gage)
Delhi Rd. bridge
Mast Rd. bridge near Dexter
No. Territorial Rd. bridge (USGS gage)
Confluence
On Tributary Mile Point Location
Willow Run Cr. 30.80 Downstream from
Twp. STP below
Mill Creek 58.80 Island Lake bri<
Arbor
Ypsilanti
Spillv/ay
dge at
Dexter
38 .
-------
TABLE 8 HUROH RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T055
T056 .
T20Q*
T205
T2io
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
y
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
pH
8^2
8.8
.7-7
25-
8.4
8.9
8.0
25.
8.2
8.3
8.0
5
8.5
9.0
8.0
21
8.4
9.0
7.8
25
Cond,
-680
820
570
24
600
690
500
25
630
670
580
5
580
660
510
21
580
660
510
25
Cl
45
57
34
25
46
62
34
25
43
48
38
-5
43
52
34
21
56
32
25
Phenol
5
10
0
25
.'. 9
43
1
25
7
15
1
4
12
59
2
21
8
15
0
25
DO
10.6
13-8
6.0
25
10.4
14.2
7-3
25
12.8
14.1
10.6
5
10.9
14.4
7-7
21
1,0.7
14.3
7.6
25
BODj
6
11
2
24
6
12
3
24
6
10
3
5
5
25
2
20
I
1
24
COD
34
48
23
24
32
50
19
24
25
28
20
4 .,
36
22
21
8
16
24
Tot.
P04
1.15
1.70
0.4o
25
1.00
1.80
o.4o
25
0.80
1.30
o.4o
5
1.02
1.60
. 0.50
21
3.12
52.00
0.50
25
Sol.
P01>
0.90
i.4o
0.3
25
0.83
1.50
0.20
25
0.64
1.10
0.20
5
0.91
1.30-
0.40
21
2.51
4i.oo
0.50
25
N03-N
0.8
2.4
0.1
.25
0.8
2.2
0.1
25
1.5
2.6
0.6
5
0.6
1.7
0.1
21
0.5
2.0
0.0
25
N02-N
0.03
0.06
0.00
25
0.02
0.07
0.00
25
0.03
0.04
0.03
5
0.03
0.06
o.oo
21
0.02
0.05
0.00
25
NH3-N
0.76
4.64
0.03
24
0.56
1.18
0.06
25
0.77
1.09
0.47
5
0.74
1.73
0.22
21
0.82
1.79
0.30
23
Org-N
0.17
0.39
0.02
24
0.18
0.44
0.02
24
0.31
0.60
0.14
5 .
0.16
0.56
o.o4
21
' 8:4?
0.04
22
*Limited sampling - 2/2 - 4/13/66.
ev? PHosDhates reported as
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T055 Avg
. Max
Min
NS
T056 Avg
Max
Min
g- NS
T200* Avg
Max
Min
NS .
T205 Avg
Max
Min
NS
T210 Avg
Max
Min
NS
Total
Solids
536
658
1*31
25
1*52
^97
1*00
25.
1)66
505
1*1*0
5
1*36
71*6
372
21
. 1*22
5^3
371
25
Dissolved
Solids
1*89
6li*
1*10
25
1*15
1*80
370
25
1*3^
1*81
380
5
M3
570
359
21
397
1*70
350
25
Suspended
Solids
35
61
7
25
36
72
8
25
. 32
62
6
5
21*
181
0
21
26
196
2
25
Sodium
25
33
21
10
28
33
23
10
26
28
23
1*
28
3'*
25
8
27
36
21
10
Potassium
8
11
6
10
8
10
6
10
8
9
6
1*
9
12
7
8
8
10
6
10
Iron
1.1*1
2.30
0.51
11
1-25
2.90
0.50
11
0.80
1.60
0.1*0
1*
0.73
1.1*0
0.20
9
.0.55
1.3
0.10
11
Calcium
81*
103
61
10
75
90
62
10
-82
-86
-76
1*
68
83
58
8
71
89
56
10
Hardness
315
361*
2l*8
. 10
276
328
230
10
291* .
308
278
1*
260
3Ql*
226
8
258
292
22l*
10
CN
.000
.000
.000
5
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
.003
.01
.00
1*
sou
138
170
100
10
98
130
80
10
100
110
90
1*
90
100
80
8
81*
100
70
10
Mg
27
38
20
10
21*
32
18
10
26
31
21*
1*
23
21*
20
8
21*
30
19
10
x-Limited sampling - 2/2 - l*/13/66
-------
TABLE 8- HURDN RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T215
T216
T220
T225*
T230
Avg
Max
Mia
NS
Avg
Max
Mia
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
PH
8.6
9.3
8.0
21 -
7.6
8.6
7.2
12
8.4
8.8
8.0
18
8.0
8,0
8.0
1
8.1
8.7
7-6
25
Cond
570
640
500
21
870
1070
720
12
580
650
520
18
590
590
590
1
590
700
500
25
. Cl
49
33
21
110
208
78
12
40
48
29
18
32
32
32
1
4l
92
24
25
Phenol DO
8
15
_ 1
20
16
29
5
12
9
16
0
18.
5
5
5
1
11
48
4
25
11.2
15-7
5.5
21
7-5
9.0
4.1
11
9-7
12.8
4.3
18
12.2
12.2
12.2
1
10.1
14.3
5.0
25
BOI>5 COD
8
3
20
20
135
6
9
4
8
2
17
5
5
5
1
11
52
3
23
34
45
24
21
142
> 488
. 51
11
29
39
19
18
25
25
25
1
65
655
20
25
Tot.
P04
1.16
. 1.80
0.50
21
15.4l
20.00
9.00
12
1.22
1.70
0.60
18
1.50
1.50
1.50
1
1.66
3-40
0.50
25
Sol.
POlj. NO^-N N02-N NH^-N
1.05
1.50
0.50
21
8.59 .
l4.6o
6.30
12 .
1.07
1.4o
0.50
18
1-30
1.30
1.30
1
1.28
2.80
0.30
24
0.5
. 1-9
0.1
21
0.7
1.6
0.3
12
0.8
1-9
0.1
I8
0.7
0.7
0.7
1
0.7
1.4
0.2
25
0.02
0.06
0.00
21
0.30
0.70
0.09
12
0.05
0.30
0.01
18
0.01
0.01
0.01
1
0.07
0.26
0.01
25
0.82
1.62
0.26
20
8.86
12.96
6.40
10
0.88
1.86
0.28
16
1.6o.
1.60
1.60
l
1.27
2.96
0.46
25
Org-N
0.18
0.49
0.09
20
0.64
2.08
0.03
9
0.15
0.26
0.02
17..
0.14
0.14
0.14
1
0.16
. 0.32
0.02
25
*Llniited sampling - 2/2/66
rp-norted as
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T215
T216
.T220
T225*
T230
Avg
Max
Min
NS.
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Total
Solids
1*08
1*55
350
21
61*0
918
1*51
12
1*06
l*6o
370
18
1*20:
1*20
1*20
1
. 1*32 .
510
371
25
Dissolved
Solids
389
1*50
299
21
587
800
1*32
12
389
1*21
357
18
1*10
1*10 -
1*10
1 .
1*01*
1*90
351
25
Suspended
Solids
16
30
5
21
57
.236'
19
12
. 18
1*3
5
18
8
: 8
8
'-1
29
90 .
6
25
Sodium
28
35
22
9
96
ll*0
59
10
26
3!*
20
'8
'
.26
26
:. 26
1
29
50
18
10
Potassium
8
10
7
9
20
25
10
10
8
9
,7
8
8
8
8
1
8
12
6
10
Iron.
0.1*5
0.80
0.21*
9
2.31
l*.9l
0.50
11
0.59'
1.70
0.16
. 8
/
0.80
0.80
o'.8o
1
0.96
1*.03
0.39
H
Calcium
69
87
52
9
57
72
1*1*
9
68
81*
51*
;8
'
82 .
82
82
1
72
89
60
10
Hardness CN
260
306
226
9
216 0.093
270 0.1*00
170 o.ooo
9 5
263
308
226
...8
296
296
296
1
260
292
228
10
SOI;
81*
110
70
9
133
2l*0
80
10
79
100
60
8
90
90
90
1
95
170
60
10
Kg
23
27
20
9
18
26
10
10
21*
27
20
/8
28
28
28
1
2U
32
19
10
^Limited campling - 2/2/66
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
0.10
..> 0.10
''.'> 0.10
1
0.11
. 0.29
< 0.01
23
*Limited sampling - 2/2/66.
~iW-t ^ . v,rr«C^4-^ vn-nni-f.^fl'
ns POK
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER' QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T235 Avg
. Max
Min
NS
T240 Avg
Max
Min
NS
T245 Avg
Max
Min
NS
T250* Avg
Max
Min
NS
T255 Avg
Max
Miu
NS
Total
Solids
1*13
500
376
a
l*Ht
1*59
370
20
387
1*55
3l*9
25
391*
39k
39k
I
385
it 50
332
25
Dissolved
Solids
393
It87
294
21
386
1*50
370
20
371.
1*30
338
25
390
390.
390
1
373
1*30
320
25
Suspended ' .
Solids
17
37
5
21
29
73
3
20
17
53
3
25
7
7
7
1
ll*
63
0
25
Sodium
28 -
1*3
21
8
22
32
17
7
19
. 21*
15
10
19
19
19
- 1
16
18
11*
10
Potassium
8
12
6
8
66
9
5
7
6
8
1*
10
6
6
6
1
5
6
It
10
Iron
0.79
1.1*0
0.29
8
1.77
2.78
0.30
7
0.76
l.6o
0.11
11
0.1*0
0.1*0
0.1*0
i
0.55
1.70
0.16
11
Calcium
69
81
58
8
6l
82
39
7
66
81
31
10
81
81
8l
1
63
78
18
10
Hardness
259
286
221*
8
250
300
200
7
262
290
22l*
1°
291*
29!*
29!*
1
262
288
2l*2
10
CN S0l|
73
90
60
8
-' 61*
90
50
7
-'*" 68
90
-. 50
10
- ' 90
90
:- 90
i
.001 71
.001* 90
.000 50
1* 10
Mg
23
27
20
8
23
30
17
7
25
30
19
10
30
30
30
1
25
30
20
10 >
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966 Values
Station
T2oO*
T265**
T266
T270
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS -
Avg
Max
Min
NS
s
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
PH
8.1
8.1,
8.1
1-
8.2
8.1*
8.0
; 5.
8.3
8.6
8.0
.21*
-8.3
8.7
8.1
2k
Cond.
520
520
520
1
520
550
1*80
5.
660
770
1*60
2k
1*80
690
1*10
23
Cl
23
23
23
1
22
2k
20
5
29
39
2k
2k
23
26
17
2k
Phenol DO
3
3
3
1
3
10
0
5
8
26
0
2k
8
21
0
2k
12.5
12.5
12.5
1
12.9
ll*«5
8.6
5
10.3
13-2
7.8
2k
10.5
ll*.l*
7.0
2k
'
Tot,
Sol.
BODtj COD POlj. P01|. NOg-N
3
3
3
1
2
3
2
5
2
k
0
20
2 .
5
1
19
17
17
17
1
22
27
18
5
25.
lf3
11
22
23
3k
15
23
< 0.03
< 0.03
< 0.03
1
0.15
0.30
0.02
k
0.3l*
0.60
O.Ql*
2k
0.10
0.30
< 0.02
23
< 0.03
< 0.03
< 0.03
i
0.09
0.10
0.02
3
0.21
0.1*0
< 0.02
23
0.06
0.10
0.02
20
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
1.3 .
0.3.
5
1.0
2.2
0.1
21*
0.2
0.5
0.1
21*
N02-N
0.01
0.01
0.01
1
0.01
0.01
0.01
5
0.02
0.05
0.00
' 21*
o.bi
0.01
0.01
21*
3"
0.33
0.33
0.33
1
0.29
0.52
0.10
5
0.37
0.71
< 0.01
22
0.30
0.86
0.01
22
Org-N
0.13
0.13
0.13
1
0.12
0.20
0.06
5 -.-
0.11
0.31*
0.01
23
0.12
0.26
< 0.01
23
^Limited Bampling - 2/2/ - 5/26/66
swrPnospaates reported" as POl^.
All resxilts in mg/1, except phenol - Mg/1.
*One (1) sample only - 2/2/66
-------
TABLE 8 HURON RIVER WATER QUALITY
1966. Values
Station
T260*'
T26.5**
T266
T270
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg
Max
Min
NS
Avg .
Max
Min
NS
Total
Solids
368
368
368
1
366
It 01
3*5
5,
518
656
386
2k
3lt8
k29
307
' 2k
Dissolved
Solids
360
360 .
360
1
35*t '
388
330
5
500
650
380
2k
326
380
290
2k .
Suspended
Solids
10
10
10
1
12
23
5
5
18
117
0
2k
22
90
7
2k
Sodium
17
17
17
1
15
17
lit
5
18
22
lit
9
15
17
12
9
Potassium
6
6
6
1
6
6
5
5
6
7
5
9
5
6
3
9
Iron
O.ltO
O.lfO
O.ltO
1
0.36
0.50.
0.20
5
0.71 '
1.50
O.ltO
10
0.39
0.90
0.10
9
Calcium
7lt
7*
Tit
l
71
75
6lt
5
100
125
63
-9
63
71
53
9
Hardness
27lt
27k
27k
1
268
276
2oO
5
#5
ItOS
2itO
9
239
25!*
221
9
CN
.001
.001
.001
.1
.000
.000
.000
2
_
_
.000
.001
.000
5
sou
70
70
70
1
70
80
60
5 ,
137
300
70
9
63
80
50
9
Mg
30
30
30
1
25
29
33
5
29
ito
18
9
25
31
20
9
*0ne sample only - 2/2/66
**Limited sampling - 2/2 - 5/26/66
-------
TABLE 9 HURON RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
T055
T056 '
T200
T205
T210
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS;
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Pre -Chlorination (Jan
Total
Fecal
Coliform Coliform
54,000
95,000
5,800
8
35,000
60,000
12,000
8
1,140
3,200
220
If
54o
600
500
3
190
730
80
7
*1^6^ values - Membrane
3,900
17,000
190
8
2,600
15,000
1,600
8
225
250
30
4
200
200
30
3
10
330
if
7
1-May 14)
Fecal
Strep
730
1>300
120
8
410
1,100
200
8
^
25
<5
*
60
100
10
3
15
150
<4
7
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
2/500
36,000
700
9
3,700
18,000
320
9
Fecal
Coliform
280
960
84
8
430
910
220
8
15 -Sept 14)
Fecal
Strep
300
2,500
30
9
330,
1,200
16
9
.
290
660
160
9
250 '
730
ho
9
5U
260
35
8
70
370
1
7
280
1,100
50
8
140
260
12
8
Post -Chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliform
Il6,000
81-, 000
3,^00
8
38,000
80,000
T,6oo
8
Fecal
Coliform
2,700
8,300
210
8
2,200
9,100
4io
8
15 -Jan li
Fecal
Strep
490
2,200
100
6
350
7,300
90
6
-
3*fO
2,200
130
8
220
2,000
24
8
64
210
10
8
30
800
10
7
90
1,600
20
6
20
1,800
6
6
Illter Technique IMF/ 100ml)
-------
TABLE 9 HURON RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
T215
T220
T230
>
T235
T2l*0
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
NS
Meet
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Pre -Chlorination (Jan
Total
Fecal
Coliform Coliform
600
870
1*20
3
1,000
2,600
820
3 -
46o,ooo
960,000
1*7,000
8
620,000
1,500,000
1*60,000
k
6,000
9,000
3.300
3
*l966 values - Membrane
100
210
10
3
600
1,200
10
3
1*9,000
83,000
5,700.
8
180,000
21*0,000
no, ooo
i*
300
750
170
3
1-May 14)
Fecal
Strep
1*
< 10
3
20
30
10
2
7,1*00
9,900
600
8
17,000
33,ooo
3,ooo
i*
100
no
100
2
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
230
1,100
5
9
200
1*60
22
7
2,000
36,000
550
9
3,300
76,000
370
9
600
i*,8oo
200
9
Fecal
Coliform
13
80
2
6
25
66
ll*
6
220
1,100
32
9.
300
1,200
1*8
8
98
800
18
9
15 -Sept 14)
Fecal
Strep
100
300
18
6
150,
1,300
10
6
1*00
2,100
10
8
90
1,800
10
8
70
3,800
10
8
Post -Chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliform
180
1,200
12
8
120
1,000
20
8 .
1*0,000
31*0,000
3,500
7
54,000
420,000
22,000
8
3,300
190,000
1,700
8
Fecal
Coliform
18
48
2
8
38
130
8
8
5,900
84,000
210
, 7
20,000
60,000
6,200
8
840
10
8
15 -Jan 11
Fecal
Strej?
15
1,400
6
6
1*3
260
22
6
44
8,100
10
5
1,100
6,600
120
6
l4o
2,200
Filter Technique IMF/ 100ml )
-------
TABLE 9 HURON RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
STATION
T245
T255
T265
T270
i
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Mln
NS
Med
Max
Mln
NS
Pre-chlorination (Jan
Total
Coliform
660
3,000
140
7
680
3,4oo
130
8 .
2,000
3,900
4oo
4
23
200
10
6
Fecal
Coliform
100
210
10
7
no
570
10
T
44o
660
150
4
7
10
< 5
6
l-May 14)
Fecal
Strep
10
140
< 5
7
10
500
5
7
' 200
4oo
30
4 -:.
5
40
5
3
Chlorination (May
Total
Coliform
740
4,400
200
9
370
3,600
95
9
90 -
90
90
1
300
l,4oo
26 .
9
Fecal
Coliform
92
470
58
7
64
870
44
8 . .
50
50
50
1
4l
70
l4
8
15 -Sept 14)
Fecal
Strep
120
850
62
8
- 160
1,300
48
8
10
10
10
1
210
2,500
28
7
Post -Chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliform
420
- 2; 800
160
8
670
17,000
320
8 .'
Fecal
Coliform
55
150
14
8
75
3,000
14
8
15 -Jan 11
Fecal
Strep
30
350
. 20
6
39
1,900
18
6
.... _ .
34
630
14
7
5
250
2
7
30
86
1C
L
J
*1966 values - Membrane Filter Technique (MF/lOOmlj
-------
TABLE 10. TRIBUTARIES TO HURON RIVER - WATER QUALITY
ANNUAL BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES*
Station
T216
Willow
Run
Creek
T266
Mill
Creek
' - -
Med
Max
Min
NS
Med
Max
Min
NS
Pre-chlorination (Jan
Total
Coliform
360,000
1,800,000
190,000
6
7,300
28,000
500
8.
Fecal
Coliform
37,000
120,000
7,800
6
2,200
2,700
70
8
1-May U)
Fecal
Strep
4,800
20,000
1,000
6
230
1,200
30
: 8
(Jhlorination (May 15- Sept
Total
Coliform
38,000
450,000
3,000
4
530
17,000
230
9
Fecal t F
14)
ecal
Coliform Strep
1,200
150,000 2
90
4
160
3,300 4
54
7
120
,500
50
4
340
,600
130
8
Post-chlorination (Sept
Total
Coliform
1,300,000
2,400,000
140,000
2
8,900
37,000
630
7
Fecal
Coliform
114,000
186,000
42,000
2
1,900
8,000
58
7
15- Jan 4
Fecal
Strep
12,000
22,000
1,400
2
700
13,000
100
5
\J\
o
*1966 Values - Membrane Filter Technique (MF/lOOml)
-------
HURON RIVER
DISSOLVED OXYGEN ANNUAL VALUES
1966
tu
1 6
1 9
1 c
o
<
1
/'
f ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
s
4
4
\
\
\
N
»
^^ ^
K*
U
J
_
X
|0. | | I t J I I I
^^.^
1
-..^
^
K
OE
0
5
X
X
4
II - 1 1 1 IDI 1
/
1
r- __ ^
^^ ^^(
X
c
a o
3
1" ^"
' X %
J O
. » ^
a -
> 9
L l-ioi 1 1 1 1 |o
LEGEND
_
L- .
1
j
s
«
^^;
i
L t 1 1. 1 t 1 I
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
'
-
- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
'
* " ~
«
»
t
»
h;
a a a
1- ». W
O (
* o ii
0 o t
0 0 j
« *
< U
j 0
k ac
i q i i i- p i i.i
n
70 60 90 40 JO , 20 10 0 o
e
Onn n o n O « O n o ** O
* m
N A* N CM M CM (M CM NCSJCM OJ . N OO
>-»-»- K H 1- »- »- t-l-t- 1- *-'*.*.<*
z
Ul
X
o
o
IU
o
(0
CO
STATION
NOS.
RIVER MiLES
-------
HURON RIVER
BOD5 ANNUAL VALUES
1966
z" BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND-mg/l
2*
' o . .
-co w * < o
^0 O Op 0 0. C
I-
1 1 I I 1 1 1* 1 1
LEGEND
-i-
r
T
-^--i
i°. i 1 i i A i i i
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
*.
«
a
o
J- >'
~T-fe
i i i. i i i i^> i i
f
S. a. o
X» »
N T '
\ ^L
1 T :
. 1 .|0| 1 | | 1 |0
1
L-
L 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 1
.
. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
kl
s 1> T^
a
2
_§ .S <
* *
t- X
< JL «
J o i
k. C
1 q 1 1 1- P 1 I.I
n
0 "60 90 40 30 20 10 0 o
. c
Onn nonon O n a « ° « a»
* > 10 H t- V-.Kt->->- HK.K >- |- ». >. 0>
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
COD ANNUAL VALUES
1966
IUU
A ft
O V
x.
o»
E
1
O
2 A A
O w
u
0
U)
>
X
° 40
_l
O
2
U
x.
0
9 O
cu
0
-
1
t i i i i i i.
ro
*
t
1 1
LEGEND
4-
T
1
4
,
K
U
-J
_
a
i°_ i i i i _
60
**"*
jiii
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
j
^-
4
'
^~m *
t
11 - 1 I I I
90
r
i^ ^1H
t
W .
K
O
0
a
*
g
z
4
PI 1
I
1
1
1
I
1
.
663
r
^
\
V
\
\
\ 1
\
&
\
a
a.
to
^
i_
z
_)
(0
a
>
1 . 1 o i i | | j
40
y
b a
o
*
'
c
k
o
J
%
|0
i
i
i.
30
^
»
«
.
iir.
>
^^-"*
»
i i i r i
141
f
"""""* - .
^
t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
^^
4
>- t-
4ft CO
* 0
« 0
0 o
t- X
< 0
J 0
k. K
1 "^ 1 1 1 - P 1 1.
20 10
a
kl
U
j
( 1
n
0 o
c
STATION S £ * « 0 m 0 « 0 m 0 in Oo.nS
f- ~ « _ O O n « m
N O S . ~ M N IM N N N N CM eg N CVJ . N OO
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
TOTAL PHOSPHATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
a. v v
4 00
0>
E
1
*
O
°" s.oo
CB
e
l-
X
0-
(O
O 2.00
X
0.
-J
h-
O
1.00
O 00
l~
1 1 1 1 1 1 frfc 1 1
LEGEND
T
~~ 1 ~~
1
r
.U-
i°JLi i i I j I I 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
\
<
1 1 * I i 1 <
1
' f
' '
fj
,
/
1.
^
**/
o
ao
QC
<
Z
Z
4
ft 1
'
,
^
^N
a
to
- <
- Z
w
a
- L 1 . 1 o | i | I J
70 60 SO 40
STATION ? £ S "
NOS . M M N M
fc_i
ac
u
Z
i C
r
[B WILLOW
1
^
1
30
o « o « o «
^ (O rO fy N
JB2.OO
,;
l\
1
1
i
1
1
1
\l
1
1
\
\
\
\
»
\
\
JL
III, 1 | 1 1
'
-
1
^_ _
. 1 1 1 t 1 1 t 1 1
*
«
1C
u
o
ft
1
1 q 1 1 1
.^^
a
H
W
O
o
^ROCKWO
20 10
)0 n " 0 <£> «
_ O O O
1
Ul
U
IU
X
n
0 O
) Z)
> m
MNtsjN
-------
HURON RIVER
TOTAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
v.wv
V,
O> A nn
^ H *U V
1
*
O
0.
co
t» \
LJ * nn
" 9.w\J
1-
I '
Q.
to
0
X
Q.
W 2.00
m
o
to
k- i on
* 1 .W W
0
L.
~
0.00
...
,,,,,', Sr-i-
LEGEND
_
_J_
I
\ '
.
''
«'
u
- Sp "i
rffl I 1 I * 1 1 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
-
I
-rr-tr.-r:
70 60 50
STATION ° S 2 "
NOS. CM CM CM CM
»->->- »-
'.
y
.
o» /
o
ID
a;
|
V
I
1
»
1 -«*,
a
^>
h-
X «
^
0>
a
1 . (0 t 1 I 1 J
40
1
^e «
K
O
z
3
K
, ^
O
J
41.00
^
. . \
i
30
/
/"
1
* m
N
>
'
^
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
'
~~ .
«
a.
K)CM CM _ O O«
K
*H
C8
O
O
o
fe
[OROCKV
kJ
U
1C
^
»
*
0 0
c
> O 3)
> .O in
CMCMNCM CMCMCM CM . -CM- OO
!-»-»-» >
»
t- t- »- t-
1-
«
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
NITRATE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
e
i
z
Ul
(D
O
or
i-
z
UJ
STATION
NOS.
C.3
2o
0.0
(A
K
O
0
or
^
_
V
^
ill J>l 1
1
^.^--
0.
CD
-
Z
<
CO
\
a
u
z
K
^
O
.
! _
> k
L 1 - 1 o I i I I . |0
^
J
-
U
i- i i i.
^^
\ i i i i
-» """
^
.tit
a
i-
o
o
IT
' k-
^
j J
»
0.
a
o
0
o
K
u
o J
-
Ill
K
U
w
X
K. 1
1H 1 1 1- K> 1 l-l
^1
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 o
n
n
n o n
10 10 iv
M
»-
M
K
O
(V
N
t- I- t- >-
R IVER MILES
N
>-
O
N
l-
o
o
N
K
«
in
O
« i
o n
»- _
o
-------
0.30
HURON RIVER
NITRITE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
i i i I 1 1 1. L L
\.
tc m
U
J
|0. 1 1 1 1 .
0 60
1
MB ^MM M*
, | 1 1
.--
1 I 1
90
f1 /
a /
Jo/
\
?' '
1
1
^^
I-
_
z
5
* i *
.l.|0| 1 1 1 j
B
^z
^
7 WILLOW
LEGEND
,
I
4
- '.
«
N
40 30
i i i
O r> a *> Onon O « c
K (0 t
N N N
<
* n 10
,1
It
0 0
C
, o o « o a
0 O 1
>
N (MNNN NNN N N O O "
0.29
o>
E
I
UJ
o
. cc
i-
z
UJ
0.20
0.19
0.10
0.0 o
0.00
STATION
NOS.
I- H
RIVER MILES
-------
o>
E
r
u
o
O
z
o
9.00
4.00
J.OO
HURON RIVER
AMMONIA NITROGEN ANNUAL VALUES
1966
«
1
L_l LI I. I. i
MM
,J 1
*1
O
x
-&
LE
«
4 , 1 I1"
GEND
1-
\
»
!_._l__L_l._
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
I '
" r
i i rri t i
/
/
0. '
"/
o
o
f.1,1
'
\
,
«
"^^
* 1
CO
p
X
_l
CO
a
I.IOI 1 1 1 j
K
Z
«
O
1°
-^
1
1.
.
III,
,
~~"~~~
k
l l i l l
'
i .
~~~
, l i i i i i l l l
a
CO
~ u - _ _ J
o
K
1-
J
i q III,
a
'o
o
1
X
u
o
1P l r
-------
HURON RIVER
ORGANIC NITROGEN ANNUAL VALUES
1966
0.80
0.60
O>
E
I
z
UJ
(9
O
or
o
z
<
(9
a:
O
0.40
0.20
0.00
STATION
NOS.
^
^^B
ii it i i * 1 |
LEGEND
4-
«
^HM
a
o
r
a
|0
0 60
1
1 1 1 1
\
"ill
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
,.
> '
"^
»
^v
diS JIOGSV
c
z
><«
i i iT"i i i I.PI I
1
'
! J
a ^^ ^
»- ^^<
m
Z
<
-I
CO
a
1
of
/o
X
»
o
J'
u > ^ *
L 1 - |o | i | I 1 |0
^
1
»
^^^^
1
1
t. 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 1
»
,
i i i i t i i i i
a
>
a
X
o
o
a;
t-
^
j
^
1
KWOOO 8TP 1
1
o
o
t Q; J
i
Ul
K
U
u
t
1 q 1 1 f. P 1 1. 1
90 40 30 20 10 0
One ttOnom O « o m O cp «i
(-(->- t-
RIVER M ILES
o
(M
»-
O
(M
K
C
X
-------
HURON RIVER
TOTAL SOLIDS ANNUAL VALUES
1966
800
700
«
|
L_J L_l 1 L_U
1
^-
, 1 1
LEGEND
-i-
H
u
J
i
1°. i i i I .
>
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
«
M aaBM^M
1
1 1 L
»
>
i
*^» «
a.
o ANN ARBOR S'
4
f
* «
»
-^. ^^
a
0 VP8ILANTI ST
M*
K
U
p WILLOW RUN
-
«
«d
«
»
^-^
^.-~
»
.ill. i i i i
m
m
M ^^^* ^ ^
a
O'L&r ROCK S
i
»
u
K
a M
B ROCKWOOO 8
LAKE
600
E
I
CO
o
o
CO
3OO
400
900
200
70
60
50
STATION
NOS.
in
(f.
40
«i O «
ft m fy
Cst CJ CVJ
O
N
N
20
O
N
10
o
o
M
ID
m
o
0 o
c
f>
n
O
RIVER M ILES
-------
HURON RIVER
DISSOLVED SOLIDS ANNUAL VALUES
1966
E
i
OT
Q
_l
O
0.
. ' *
«)
a
O
D
at
<
.
E
t
«
1 1 1 \f\ 1
r"~ ^
m
&
»-
0)
£
>
41
J
09
a.
V
L 1 .10 1 1 1 1 j
C
U
z
3
f
*
0
J
J
>
to
-
«
«
^ ,^^
I* ' ' ' 1
»
p.
1 1 1 1 1
t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
-
I/
t
-*
a a K
- K U
a a
0 S
o o J
s ? j
I- X
< « .
J 0
k. K
1 q 1 1 1 t P 1 ,1
70
60
30
ST AT ION
NOS.
n
-------
HURON RIVER
SUSPENDED SOLIDS ANNUAL VALUES
1966
£ V V
1 A ft
1 O U
X.
9
E
1
en 120
0
o
en
0
bl
o
ZflO
o v
bl
Q.
en
0
"
)
t
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LEGEND
-i-
-»
v
«T
Z^
|0. 1 1 1 1 .
^^* ^^^** *
1 1 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
'
J
/
i i r*i i i
1
K
<
*
X.
4
PI 1
\
ll
»
a
*-
^-
»-^^
; ^**.
j
w
a
> J
- 1. 1 - 1 0 | | | | J
TO 60 90 40
a:
u
z
3
C
O
J
J
. »
|0
i
30
STATION £ J £ J ? S £ S S -
S
i 1 O | 1 I L
---'
i i i i i i i i i
-T
UJ
* ^ d .0. - *
^^1- * ^ K "^ U
W «o
s
0 0 <
0 0 j
ee $ J
»- ac
< u
J ° i
k. oc
14 1 1 1. P 1 1. 1
20 10 O
, 0 n 0 * »
NOS. ~ N.N N M CM - 1- K H HHKH 1-
h
t- »- >->-»-
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
CHLORIDE ANNUAL VALUES
1966
100
h
> i i i i i i( i i
0 6
0
'
-*--"'
c
o
J
s
f>9 1 i i i
0
n n
1C (1
. \
»
piit
5
1
I !
0
K
q
>
S
-
, 1 L 1 1
> C
r <
»
X
1
I
K
»
K
O
»
X
a
E
E
(
pi I
4(
> «
r f
,
1
>
> c
1 t*
>_ _
»
a
t-
o>
^X
!;
to
a
>
1 , 1° 1 L 1 1 J
> *> C
> .
j
^-'
i
0
It
>
1 1 1
0
LEGEND
_
-L
1
i i * i i
2
MAXIMUM
AVERAOE
MINIMUM
' '
. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1
o
3
.
a.
i-
(D
O
0
K
^
j
t.
1 q i i i
3
O tl
o «
» «
&
o
o
o
X
o
o
(C
f p 1 1,
> <
1 *
1
0
>
i
m
o
c
at
m
80
60
0>
E
i
UJ
o
o:
o
_j
x
o
20
S T ftTION
NOS.
M
-------
HURON RIVER
CONDUCTIVITY ANNUAL VALUES
1966
900
...'.
»
i i i i i t I- j L
LE
GEND
4-
4
>
>MILL CH.
»
a
V
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
<
^.^
m
. (
p
»
L
n
K
0
e
' «
X
1 1 1. 1- I 1 if 1 1
1
&
^M
1
»
<
[
1
''
111.
I
.
. t 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1
t
f
I
k
k
s
» - a
* O M
i 1 3
K K
< 0
-1 0
k. OC
i q i i i. p i .1
0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q
Onto « O r> O m Onn n O » 0 j.
»- w.n .» - t- t- t- t- * »-»->- >-.-'>- >->-
800
700
600
a
z
o
u
900
400
'BOO
STATION
NOS.
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
PHENOL ANNUAL VALUES
1966
60
,, .
' ' 1 1 1 1 \-
I
V
N
.1 i
LEGEND
T
_.-L_
1
\
a:
^j
X
f>
0 60
s
1 1 1 1
.111
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
4
f ^m^ *^^
l I l
>
«
-lm 1_rm -^
i i i
so
[
? ;
:H»
o
m
X
«
z
I
fl 1
J
'
"~«"0.~_
~OI " ^
I
CO
L *
- 1- 1 - 1 0 | | | |
X
u
«.z
3'
O
s
I8
4
»,
I
40 SO
>
f^m vi^
,1.1 1.
S*'
^^
J 1 t 1 1
.
"" ^^
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a.
^!_ *-
X
u
o
tt
4
J
h.
kl
a
a kl
£ s
IN.3
v
u
0
K
1 «» i 1 1- P 1 L J__
'
20 10 0 o
C
SO
40
I
_J
O
Z
UJ
I
a.
30
20
10
S T fit ION
NOS .
n
v>
n
N
non
IO |O
-------
o
tr.
HURON RIVER
IRON ANNUAL VALUES
1966
4 0 O 0
IOOO
0
1
(
1 1 1 1 1 1 1.
70
^ j
*
-K
t
^^*.
a
1°. 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1
---
/
/
i
f
\
\
\
\
L I
M
ec
o
a
fc^
Z
a
a.
t
o
2
ILLOW
> *
L 1 . 1 o | | | | i |0
LEGEND
-
_-L_
1
"N
«
I
60 50 40 30
4
1
-~
,111,
ON ° S ' S »SS«N N * C
*^
i i i 1 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
T
L
i
. 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
«
MM
«
20 10
S
~
a.*
(0
X
0
J
^
IH
a. K
1- u
0)
o x
o -
o o "* j
I- K
4 U
J O
«. . K
<4 1 1 1 t f> 1 IT 1
0
_ _
O O O O
STAT
NOS.
N (M rg N
-
M
*-
O
»-
-------
HURON RIVER
CALCIUM ANNUAL VALUES
1966
X. 75
0>
E
O
^ BO
u
0
«
(
t
/
-
1 1 1 1 1 1 1-
70
1 1
LEGEND
.
__i-_
i
i
H
K
U
^
i
-..
*
»
|0. 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1
\
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
1
_ "
m
k
s^
*
[
i
f
»
«n
tt
O
0
k
c
X
1 1 1. 1 1 1 1*1 1
"""
U
t
»
»
60 SO 40
a
t-
o>
*-
X
<
J
o>
(L
>
1,101 III,
WILLOW RUN CR.
1°
«
«
i
-"
«
*
»
^^
»
'
.III.
JO
11-11
'
^^
^
i
.111111111
f 1
«
/
i
\
»
a
>-
CO
K
u
o
or
»-
k.
i q i i t.
20 10
ROCKWOOO 8TP
LAKE ERI
P 1 1, 1
0 o
C
STATION One (> O « 0 m ° *> Q *> O ->- >
t- r- t- V- ^
t- io
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
TOTAL HARDNESS ANNUAL VALUES
1966
i V u
'
X.
o>
E
1
SO A
co 30°
to
UJ
z
0
a:
JO K O
j i
LEGEND
4-
"«
/r^^
'
.
c
o
J
J
s
1°. 1 1 1 1
60
J 1 1 1
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
1 1 L
50
i
-
^\
i
.
s
K
' *>
IK
a
at
^
m
x
4
1 L 1 tf\ I
*
i
i
40
-
1 :
i
c .
o
; c
o
j
0) J
a. -
> >
i , i° i i i i ^ i°
x .
5 . -
4
*
\
f
1
""~""""
»
r ^
^
^
^
L^
>» ~"ii^
1. 1 t 1 .1 1 1 1 1
L
t i i i i i i i i
s
i
90 20 10
s,
^^
^
1
y
«
/
»
.JIA
a a K
* t- lu
> a
_ u
X O w
" ° <
° 0 J
* *
«t u
J 0
k. ' E
4 1 1 1, P | 1,1
11
0 o
STATION O »> «J nonon o t, o "° O » « n « « -»-»- i- t.
»- * M
RIVER MILES
-------
HURON RIVER
pH ANNUAL VALUES
1966
9. a
9rt
V*
8 5
8rt
.u
Tit
, o
7.0
<
^
i i i i i i i. i i
7°
LEGEND
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1
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u
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s
|0
60
_4
^*
.
Ill 1 J 1 1 J
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE
MINIMUM
»
m
1 «
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N
0.
«
£
0
a
QC
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*
X
4
1 1 1- 1 1 1 I.PI 1
s
1
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/
/X
^
-
cc
a o
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^ K
X M
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r ^
a j
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1- 1 . 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1°
/
-
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14 1 1 1. P 1 I. 1
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STftT ION
NOS.
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CM
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-------
10,000,000
1,000,000
_ 100,000
E
o
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5
10,000
or
o
u.
_l
o 1,000
u
o
I-
100
10
HURON RIVER
TOTAL COLIFORM SEASONAL VALUES
1966
-
-
_
5
-
_
-
-
^
-
i
-
s
;
w
-
'
F
-
F
W
S
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F
W
S
w
F
.
B
w
li
y
F
W
S
F
W
" S
JL
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u
F
S
n
y
i
n
I
r
W
J
II
LEGEND
w
s
F
"
W S
B
F
MAXIMUM
MEAN
MINIMUM
JAN. I-M
MAY 19-
SEPT. 16
ONLY ON
"
W S
F
i
AY M-PR
SEPT. 15-
- JAN. 4,
E SAMPL
F
si
ii
1
E CHLORi
CHLORIN
1967 POS
E TAKEN
W
NATION
ITION
T CHLORI
F
W
=
-
^
^
-
NATION ~
_
W F
-
s : I
. -
^
y -
y ~
-
-
v>
-
-
-n (
i
o
c
y>
m
T270 T266 TZ65 T255 TZ48 T240 T235 T230 T22O T2I6
STAT IONS
T2I5 T2IO T2O5 T2 OO T056 T055
-------
10,000,000
1,000,000
HURON RIVER
TOTAL COLIFORM SEASONAL MEDIAN VALUES
1966
-TE-GEND-
JAN. I-MAY 14-PRE CHLORINAT10N
MAY 10-SEPT. IS-CHLORINATION
SEPT. 16-JAN. 4.I9I67-P03T CHLORINA
TION
RIVER MILES
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EXAMINATION OF STREAM EFFLUENTS OF TWO SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANTS LOCATED ON THE LOWER HURON RIVER
During the early phase of a salmonella survey that was being
conducted on the Raisin River early in 1966, a number of salmonella
s
serotypes were isolated from the stream effluent of the Monroe sewage
treatment plant. These isolations raised the question whether salmon-
ellae could be isolated from other sewage treatment plants in the
general area. The two plants on the lower Huron River were selected.
These two plants were at Flat Rock and Rockwbod.
Sampling for, salmonella was carried out via a modified Moore gauze
swab over a. 3-day period in both instances. The Flat Rock sewage treat-
ment plant effluent (Figure 26 ) was sampled about 5 feet downstream of
r-
the submerged waste outlet from February ll to February 14, 1966. No
attempt was made to determine bacterial parameters at this time, other
than salmonella. Two salmonella serotypes, S. minnesota and S. heidelberg
were isolated.
On February 18, 1966, a modified Moore gauze swab was positioned in
the Huron River for a 3-day period, approximately 25 feet downstream of
the submerged waste effluent outlet (Figure 25 ) of the sewage treatment
plant at Rockwood. One salmonella serotype, S. minnesota was isolated.
The two samplings were carried out prior to the chlorination season,
May 15-September 15, 1966.
72
-------
FLATl
ROCK
24-S. heidelberg
S.minnesota
DISTRIBUTION OF SALMONELLA
IN THE LOWER HURON RIVER
SOUTH
ROCKWOOD
23 - S. mihnesota
LEGEND
STP Outfall or Stream Effluent
23 Sampling Site Number
LAKE
ERIE
SCALE IN MILES
o
c
31
PI
10
8>
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SUMMARY; AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS
The population centers in the Huron River Basin are Ann Arbor (67,3^0),
Ypsilanti (20,957), Ypsilanti Township (25,950), ELat Rock (4,696), 'and
Milfbrd (4,323) according to the 1960 census figures. The Huron River Basin
has a 1965 population served by public water supplies of about 150,000 people.
This number is expected to increase to 360,000 by 1990, and 510,000 "by 2020.
Municipal water use in 1965 was estimated to "be approximately 20 million
gallons per day and projected to "be 48 and 73 million gallons per day in
1990 and 2020, respectively. Approximately one-half of the present water
supply comes from the Huron River; the remainder is from groundwater supplies.
Many of the small industries in the "basin obtain their water from the
municipal supply.
Eleven communities discharge treated wastes to watercourses in the
Huron River Basin. "Secondary treatment is provided for an estimated 132,550
people, primary treatment for an estimated 86,000 people, and private septic
tanks or 'no treatment at all for an estimated 16,000 people. All of the.
municipal sewage treatment plants chlorinate the final effluent. Municipal
sewage treatment plants discharge about 19 million gallons per day. The
Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti area contributes 87 percent of the municipal waste to
the Huron River. , .;
Thirteen industries discharge wastes to the Huron River or the trib-
utaries. Wastes originating from plating operations, automotive parts and
assembly plants, steel plants, a paper company, and manufacturing plants
total approximately 6 million gallons per day. Waste constituents include
«.
toxic metals, oil, grease, solids, BOD,., iron, chrome, fiber, dye, and
cooling water.
-------
The Huron River rises in the lake country of Oakland and Livingstone
Counties. There are numerous park and parkway areas in the upper reaches
of both'the main stem and the tributaries. These include State, regional,
and local areas. State areas include Pontiac Lake, Highland, Island Lake,
Brighton, and Pinckney State Recreation Areas, and Gregory and Chelsea
State Game Areas. Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority (HCMA) areas include
Marshbank, Kensington, Hudson Mills, Dexter-Huron, and Delhi Metropolitan
Parks, a"n above Ann Arbor. Lower Huron Metropolitan Park of HCMA begins
at the outlet of Belleville Lake andv extends to New Boston. Willow-Bell
Metropolitan Park, which extends from New Boston to KLat Rock, is presently
being developed. Many of the cities and villages which are on the Huron . .
River have also developed smaller parks. Pointe Mouillee marsh is a State
game area and important stopping point for migratory waterfowl.
The 4,300 acre Kensington Park includes Kent Lake, a 1,200 acre arti-
ficial lake with numerous oriented and water\ related :activites. This In-
cludes swimming at two beaches, facilities for launching and dockage of
private boats, boat rental, a sixty-passenger excursion boat, canoeing
(part of the Huron River canoe route), fishing, camping, and picnicking.
Similar, though not as extensive, facilities are provided at the other parks.
Dissolved oxygen concentration averages in the, Huron River ranged from
9«5 mg/1 at MP 62.6, the- most upstream station (abqye Dexter) to 12.9 mg/1
at MP !.?> the most downstream station (below South Rockwood). Low DO
values of 5-0> ^«7> 5-0> ^«3> and 5-5 mg/1 were recorded 4.5 miles downstream
from Dexter, 2.5 and 3-5 miles below Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant, 4.5
- miles below Ypsilanti sewage treatment plant, and 2.. miles below the con-
fluence of Willow Run Creek which receives the effluent from Ypsilanti
Township sewage treatment plant.
75
-------
BOD- concentrations averaged 2 to 11 mg/1 from above Dexter to below
South Rockwood, with a maximum BOD,, value of 52 mg/1 below Peninsular Paper
Company. A maximum BOD_ value of 135 mg/1 was recorded below Ypsilanti
Township sewage treatment plant on Willow Run Creek.
Total phosphate, as phosphate, average values 'ranged from .10 to 3-12
mg/1 from upstream to downstream terminal stations. The greatest concen-
trations of phosphate were found below the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti sewage
treatment plants. Total soluble phosphates followed the pattern of total
phosphate with average concentration values of .06 to .21 mg/1 above Ann
Arbor, and .83 and 2.51 mg/1 below Ann Arbor to South Rockwood. The maxi-
mum phosphate concentration in the Huron River was recorded below Willow
Run Creek (Ypsilanti Township sewage treatment plant::effluent) with a value
of 52 mg/1 total phosphate, and 4l mg/1 soluble phosphate.
Nitrate -concentration averages ranged from .2 to .8 mg/1 on the river.
Nitrate concentrations were greatest below Ann Arbor.
Nitrite Concentrations in the river above Ann ,Arbor averaged .01 mg/1,
while below Ann Arbor concentrations increased to .07 mg/1. Ammonia nitro-
gen average values above Ann Arbor ranged from .22 to .$k mg/1, and below
Ann Arbor at a station 2.5 miles downstream - 1.68 img/1.
Organic nitrogen values ranged from .11 to .19. mg/1 over all sampling
points. The only noticeable concentration increases were found below Willow
Run Creek.
Concentrations of solid materials carried by the river were generally
high. Total solids averages increased steadily from,above Dexter, downstream
- to Rockwood, 348 to 452 mg/1, then increased sharply, to' 536 mg/1 below
South Rockwood. Suspended solids averages in the Huron River ranged from 12
-------
to 36 mg/1, with the greatest concentrations "being found "below Hat Rock
and Bockwood sewage treatment plants. These average -concentrations were 36
and 35 mg/1, respectively. Maximum suspended solids concentrations of 196
and l8l mg/1 were found below Willow Run Creek.
Chloride average concentrations increased from 23 to 1*5 rig/1 in the
. Huron River from Dexter to the mouth. A maximum chloride value of 86 mg/1
was recorded just "below the Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant.
Median total coliform densities for the survey period exceeded 2,^00
organisms/100 ml at five stations on the main stem of the Huron River and
at the two tributary stations. Two were downstream of the Ann Arbor sewage
..treatment plant * one "below the Plat Rock sewage treatment plant, and one
"below the Rockwood sewage treatment plant. The tributary stations were on
Willow Run Creek below the Ypsilanti Township sewage treatment plant, and
on Mill Creek near Dexter.
The following table is based on the formerly required disinfection
season (May 15-September 15) and indicates seasonal .differences at the
above mentioned stations. , .
Seasonal Medians - Total Coliform
(organisms/100 ml)
Station (miles Predisin- Post- ;
downstream) fection - Disinfection Disinfection Survey
Ann Arbor (0) 6,000
Ann Arbor (2.5) 620,000
Ann Arbor (3-5) ^0,000
Flat Rock (3-5) 35,000
Rockwood (2) 5k, 000
Willow Run Creek 360,000
Mill Creek 7,300
600
3,300
2,000
3,700
2,500
38,000
530
3,300
5lt,000
^0,000
38,000
1*6,000
1,300,000
8,900
2,650 .
in, ooo
38,000
19,000
36,000
280,000
5,150
77
-------
These seasonal differences in coliform density will "be affected'by
the State requirement for continuous year-round disinfection as of January
1967. ' .;
A salmonella survey was conducted at two sampling sites on the Huron
River during 1966. The Flat Rock sewage treatment plant outfall was
sampled about five feet downstream of the submerged waste outlet via a
modified Moore gauze pad technique. Two salmonella serotypes were isolated:
S. minnesota and S. heidelberg.
A gauze pad was planted similarly in the Rockwood sewage treatment
plant outfall, and one salmonella serotype was isolated - S. minnesota.
These samples were taken in February 1966 prior to the chlorination season.
Health hazards are indicated in this section of the Huron River.
Previous studies in the Ann Arbor area have indicated the bacteriolpg-
\.
ical degradation possible from stormwater overflows; of even separate sewer "x
systems. An analysis of the survey data collected fpr this report was made,
and correlation "between rainfall immediately prior .to sampling and increased
coliform densities was established. In view of the use of surface waters
for recreation, it is desirable to maintain;, suitable bacteriological ijuality
in the waters at all times by treatment of stormwater overflows.
Studies (by others) have shown a diurnal fluctuation and also a strat-
ification in the deeper impoundments. Levels <5f dissolved oxygen were
extremely low in the waters below the thermocline. ; :
Fluctuations of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand were
noted on certain main stem stations, below major sources of pollution. In
particular, the organic loading of Willow Run Creek, ,was extremely high. A
significant increase in nitriet-nitrogen concentration occurred at two points
78
-------
"below the Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant during the summer months. Ammonia
nitrogen concentration also increased substantially below Ann Arbor. At
one station "below Peninsular Paper Company, the BOD-, COD, and suspended
solids varied erratically. The ratio of the maximum value to the average
value was greater than at any other station. No corresponding pattern was
found at the station above the Peninsular Paper Company. The occurrence
of these peaks was.not observed at the next downstream station.
Nutrient concentrations at all stations were sufficient for the forma-
tion of nuisance algal "blooms. Phosphate levels increased eightfold "below
the Ann Arbor sewage treatment plant. A gradual reduction in level occurred
to a relatively constant 1 mg/1 average for the remainder of the stream.
Nitrate levels did change, although not as dramatically, in the Ann Arbor
area. Seasonal fluctuation was evident throughout, with a much higher
concentration of nitrate/observed in the cooler months.
A number of industries discharge cooling water to the surface waters
of the basin. A significant factor in the heat balance in the river is
the number of impoundments which present a large surface area to solar radi-
ation. Studies have shown that thermal stratification exists in the deeper
parts of the impoundments. Destratification of the, impoundment or with-
drawal of flow from the cboler layers of water would maintain a lower river
temperature.
Suspended materials of an inorganic nature also affect the water
quality, but in secondary effects. Silt and sand, when settled, destroys
the bottom habitat. The food chain and life cycle of organisms dependent
on the bottom habitat is broken. Suspended materials, particularly in the
impoundments, will settle out, decreasing the volume of the reservoir.
79
-------
Esthetic values of the stream are also lessened Toy the presence of turbidity.
A significant factor affecting the vater quality of the main stem of
the Huron River is the series of impoundments in the Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti
area, and also in the Flat Rock-Rockwood area.' These impoundments act in
effect as a settling pond or final -oxidation pond, especially during .the
periods of summer drought flow when the water flows very slowly through
the backwaters.
80
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LOCATION OP SAMPLING STATIONS
HURON RIVER BASIN
A USOS STREAM 6AQES
LAKE
ERIE
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