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LIGHTING WASTE DISPOSAL
LIGHTING UPGRADE MANUAL
US EPA Office of Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA 430-B-95-003, January 1995
U.S. EPA Green Lights Program
CONTENTS
ACTION CHECKLIST
PCB CONTAINING BALLASTS
MERCURY-CONTAINING LAMPS
DEHP-CONTAINING BALLASTS
EVALUATING DISPOSAL OPTIONS
WORKING WITH CONTRACTORS
DEFINITIONS
INFORMATION RESOURCES
Upgrading a lighting system will likely involve the removal and disposal of lamps and ballasts. Some of this
waste may be hazardous, and you must manage it accordingly. This document provides an overview of issues
relating to the disposal of lamps and ballasts. For project-specific assistance, please refer to the information
resources provided at the end of this document.
Note: The information in this document is believed to be correct as of March 1995. EPA does not provide legal
advice, nor does this document. Generators of lighting wastes should check with local, state and regional
authorities for the most up-to-date information.
ACTION CHECKLIST
DISPOSAL OF PCB-CONTAINING BALLASTS AND MERCURY-CONTAINING LAMPS
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If you have not tested your mercury-containing lamp wastes to show that they are not hazardous, then assume
they are hazardous and dispose of them as hazardous waste.
• Mercury-containing lamps that test hazardous must be handled in compliance with hazardous waste regulations.
• Maintain permanent records of mercury-containing lamps that are disposed as hazardous waste.
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PCB-CONTAINING BALLASTS
The primary concern regarding the disposal of used fluorescent ballasts is the health risk associated with
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Human exposure to these possible carcinogens can cause skin, liver, and
reproductive disorders. Fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) ballasts contain a small capacitor that
may contain high concentrations of PCBs (greater than 90% pure PCBs or 900,000 ppm). These chemical compounds
were widely used as insulators in electrical equipment such as capacitors, switches, and voltage regulators
through the late 1970s.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was enacted in 1976, and subsequently banned the production of PCBs in
the United States. The specific regulations governing the use and disposal of PCBs are found in Volume 40 Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 761.
The proper method for disposing used ballasts depends on several factors, such as the type and condition of the
ballasts and the regulations or recommendations in effect in the state (s) where you remove or discard them. TSCA
specifies the disposal method for ballasts that are leaking PCBs. In addition, generators of PCB-containing
ballast wastes may be subject to notification and liability provisions under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) ( also known as "Superfund." To select the appropriate
disposal method for PCB-containing ballasts, refer to the decision flow chart on the following page.
Because disposal requirements vary from state to state, check with regional, state, or local authorities for all
applicable regulations in your area. For your convenience, information resources are listed at the end of this
document.
Identifying PCB Ballasts
Use the following guidelines to identify ballasts that contain PCBs.
All ballasts manufactured through 1979 contain PCBs.
Ballasts manufactured after 1979 that do not contain PCBs are labeled "No PCBs."
If a ballast is not labeled "No PCBs," assume it contains PCBs.
It is extremely important to find out if a ballast containing PCBs is leaking before you remove it from the
fixture, so that you can handle it properly.
Federal Requirements
Non-Leaking PCB Ballast Disposal
TSCA regulates ballasts that contain PCBs (40 CFR 761.60(b)(2)(ii)). Under TSCA, intact fluorescent and HID
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and sealing the intact ballasts in 55 ga\tf8h//aTOrt^?-®Fe/^ficl/f§n<^/ai^-fe?i1ifeurages its participants to dispose of
PCB-containing ballast wastes responsibly, and recommends high-temperature incineration, recycling, or a
chemical or hazardous waste landfill.
In addition, CERCLA regulates the disposal of non-leaking PCB-containing ballasts. CERCLA requires building
owners and waste generators to notify the National Response Center at (800) 424-8802. They must notify when
disposing a pound or more of PCBs (roughly equivalent to 12-16 fluorescent ballasts) in a 24-hour period.
As a generator of PCB-containing ballast wastes, you could be liable in any subsequent Superfund cleanup at a
municipal, hazardous, or chemical land disposal site, incinerator, or recycling facility.
EPA encouraged proper disposal of PCB-containing ballasts in the preamble to the 1979 PCB Ban Rule (44 FR 31514)
and in the preamble to the final rule on August 25, 1982 (47 FR 37342).
"The EPA encourages commercial and industrial firms that use and dispose of large quantities of small PCB
capacitors to establish voluntarily a collection and disposal program that would result in the waste capacitors
going to chemical or hazardous waste landfills or high-temperature incinerators."
Leaking PCB Ballast Disposal
A puncture or other damage to ballasts in a lighting system exposes an oily tar-like substance. If this
substance contains PCBs, the ballast and all materials it contacts are considered PCB waste, and are subject to
TSCA requirements. Leaking PCB-containing ballasts must be incinerated at an EPA-approved high-temperature
incinerator. (See last section for a list of incinerators).
It is very important that you remove, handle, and dispose PCB-containing ballasts properly. Take precautions to
prevent exposure of the leaking ballast, since all materials that contact the ballast or the leaking substance
are also PCB waste. Use trained personnel or contractors to handle and dispose leaking PCB-containing ballasts.
For proper packing, storage, transportation, and disposal information call the TSCA assistance information
hotline at (202) 554-1404.
State Requirements
Non-Leaking PCB Ballast Disposal
Many states have developed regulations governing the disposal of non-leaking PCB-containing ballasts that are
more stringent than Federal regulations. In addition, some EPA Regional offices published policies specifying
ballast disposal methods adopted by individual states.
State standards can take several forms (e.g., written regulations, regional policies, written and verbal
recommendations, transportation documentation). Some states do not regulate PCB-containing ballasts as toxic
waste, but prohibit their disposal in municipal solid waste landfills. The table on the next page provides a
listing of state regulations and recommendations. The last section of this document lists solid and hazardous
waste agencies for states and EPA Regions.
All generators of PCB-containing ballasts should thoroughly investigate their state's regulations and follow
local requirements.
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Green Lights recommends three methods foIig'ononea-containing ballasts:high-temperature
incineration, recycling, and chemical or hazardous waste landfill.
When upgrading lighting, make sure your contractor removes all disconnected PCB-containing ballasts from the
lighting fixtures. Non-leaking PCB-containing ballasts may still be hazardous if left in upgraded fixtures,
especially in case of fire.
High-Temperature Incineration
High-temperature incineration is the method preferred by many companies because it destroys PCBs, removing them
from the waste stream permanently and removing the potential for future CERCLA liability. Incinerating a
PCB-containing ballast costs more than sending it to a hazardous waste landfill, but this additional cost is one
many organizations are willing to absorb.
Recycling Ballasts
Recyclers remove the PCB-containing materials (i.e., the capacitor and possibly the asphalt potting material
surrounding the capacitor) for incineration or land disposal. Metals, such as copper and steel, can be reclaimed
from the ballasts for use in manufacturing other products. You may recycle used non-leaking ballasts despite
PCBs. The last section of this document contains a list of companies that recycle ballasts.
Chemical or Hazardous Waste Landfill
PCB-containing ballasts may also be disposed in a chemical or hazardous waste landfill. Landfill disposal is
less expensive than high-temperature incineration or recycling, but does not eliminate PCBs from the waste
stream permanently. While chemical or hazardous waste landfill disposal is an acceptable, regulated disposal
method, your organization may be legitimately concerned about potential future CERCLA liability using this
method.
Packing PCB Ballasts for Disposal
Despite the disposal method selected, ballasts are packed ( according to PCB regulations ( in 55-gallon drums
for transportation.
• One drum holds 150 to 300 ballasts depending on how tightly the ballasts are packed.
• Fill void space with an absorbent packing material for safety reasons.
• Label drums according to Department of Transportation regulations.
• Note that tightly packed drums may weigh more than 1,000 pounds, which may present a safety risk,
particularly when moving the drum for loading or unloading.
PCB Ballast Disposal Costs
High-temperature incineration and chemical or hazardous waste landfill costs can vary considerably. Disposal
prices vary according to the following.
• quantity of waste generated
• location of removal site
proximity to an EPA-approved high-temperature incinerator or chemical or hazardous waste landfill
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When shopping for ballast disposal services, request cost estimates in terms of both pounds and number of
ballasts. Typical F40 ballasts weigh about 3.5 Ibs., and F96 ballasts weigh about 8 Ibs. Negotiate with
hazardous waste brokers, transporters, waste management companies, and disposal sites to obtain the lowest fees.
High-Temperature Incineration Costs
Incineration costs are calculated by weight.
• Costs range from $0.55/lb. to $2.10/lb.
• Average cost is $1.50/lb., which equals approximately $5.25 per ballast.
Note: Estimated costs do not include packaging, transportation, or profile fees.
Recycling Costs
When recyclers remove the PCB-containing capacitor, the volume and weight of the ballast are reduced. This
change results in lower packing, transportation, and incineration or disposal costs.
Recycling costs are calculated by weight.
• Costs range from $0.75/lb. to $1.75/lb.
• Average cost is $1.00/lb., which equals approximately $3.50 per ballast.
Note: Recycling cost can range from $1.25 per ballast (if the PCB wastes are sent to a chemical or hazardous
waste landfill) to approximately $3.50 per ballast (if the PCB wastes are high-temperature incinerated).
Estimated costs do not include packaging, transportation, or profile fees.
Chemical or Hazardous Waste Landfill Costs
Chemical or hazardous waste landfill costs are calculated per 55-gallon drum.
• Costs range from $65/drum to $165/drum.
•Average cost is $100/drum, which equals approximately $0.50/ballast.
Note: Estimated costs do not include packaging, transportation, or profile fees.
Transportation Costs
Transportation fees are calculated as cents per pound per mile. They vary according to (1) the number of drums
removed from the site, and (2) the distance from your location to the location of the high-temperature
incinerator, chemical or hazardous waste landfill, or recycler.
Transporters may need to be registered or licensed to move hazardous wastes in certain states. Documentation of
the movement of hazardous waste may be required even if a state does not regulate disposal or Fees require the
use of a licensed transporter.
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Operators of the high-temperature incinerator or chemical or hazardous waste landfill may charge a profile fee
to document incoming hazardous waste. Profile fees vary depending on the volume of waste materials generated.
• Profile fees range from $0 to $300 per delivery.
• Fees may be waived if a certain volume or frequency of deliveries is assured or a working relationship has
been established with a waste management broker, lighting management company, or other contractor.
Record Keeping
To track transported TSCA or hazardous waste, EPA requires generators to prepare a Uniform Hazardous Waste
Manifest. The hazardous waste landfill, incinerator, or recycler that you use can provide this one-page form.
The manifest identifies the type and quantity of waste, the generator, the transporter, and its ultimate
destination.
The manifest must accompany the waste wherever it travels. Each handler of the waste must sign the manifest and
keep one copy. When the waste reaches its destination, the owner of that facility returns a copy of the manifest
to the generator to confirm that the waste arrived. If the waste does not arrive as scheduled, generators must
immediately notify EPA or the authorized state environmental agency (see the last section), so that they can
investigate and act appropriately.
In addition, require your contractor to provide you with documents verifying the disposal method, whether the
PCBs are incinerated at high-temperatures or disposed in a chemical or hazardous waste landfill.
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DEHP-CONTAINING BALLASTS
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phathatlate (DEHP) is a substance that was used to replace PCBs in certain ballast capacitors
beginning in 1979. DEHP in its pure form is listed as a hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). However, once it has been used in a lighting ballast, it is no longer hazardous as defined
by RCRA. (See 40 CFR 261.33, Part 261 Appendix VII, Section 268.34, and Section 268.43.)
DEHP is regulated under CERCLA—the Superfund law. The "Reportable Quantity" (RQ) of DEHP under CERCLA is 100
pounds. (See 40 CFR, Section 302.4.) This means that if you are disposing of 100 pounds or more of the material
in a 24 hour period (approximately 1,600 fluorescent lighting ballasts), you are required to notify the National
Resource Center at (800) 424-8802. It also means that parties involved with the disposal of DEHP ballasts may be
held liable under Superfund if clean up of the DEHP is required.
DEHP has been found in ballasts designed for the following lighting fixtures: four foot fluorescent fixtures
manufactured between 1979 and 1985; eight foot fluorescent fixtures manufactured between 1979 and 1991; and high
intensity discharge (HID) fixtures manufactured between 1979 and 1991. Some ballasts manufactured during these
periods may contain dry capacitors or substances other that DEHP. To make sure your ballasts do not contain
DEHP, contact the manufacturer or send the capacitor to a laboratory for testing.
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MERCURY-CONTAINING LAMPS
Fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps contain a small quantity of mercury that can be harmful to
the environment and to human health when improperly managed. Mercury is regulated under RCRA, which is
administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Under current Federal law, mercury-containing lamps such
as fluorescent and HID lamps may be hazardous waste. In addition, incandescent and HID lamps may contain small
quantities of lead that can also be potentially harmful to human health and the environment. To prevent these
toxic materials from contaminating the environment, dispose of used lamps responsibly.
Federal Regulations
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA requires generators of solid wastes containing toxic constituents (such as mercury) to determine whether or
not the waste is hazardous by using generator knowledge or testing representative samples of that waste.
According to RCRA, generators of used fluorescent and HID lamps are responsible for determining whether their
lamp wastes are hazardous. If you do not test used fluorescent and HID lamps and prove them non-hazardous,
assume they are hazardous waste and dispose them accordingly.
Generator Knowledge
To use generator knowledge in making a hazardous waste determination, the generator must have information on
possible hazardous constituents and their quantities in the waste. Sometimes manufacturers generate solid waste
as part of their manufacturing process, and can use process knowledge to determine whether the waste exhibits a
characteristic of hazardous waste. However, with expired lamp wastes the generator has little process knowledge
on which to make a hazardous waste determination (since he is not the manufacturer). The generator could base a
determination on data obtained from the manufacturer, or he could refer to EPA's study entitled "Analytical
Results of Mercury in Fluorescent Lamps" (dated 5/15/92, available in EPA's RCRA docket).
Testing Lamps To Determine If They Are Hazardous Waste
The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) identifies whether a waste is toxic and must be managed as
hazardous waste. The test attempts to replicate the conditions in a municipal landfill to detect the mercury
concentration of water that would leach from the landfill. If the mercury concentration exceeds 0.2 milligrams
per liter, the lamp fails the toxicity test and is managed as hazardous waste.
When mercury-containing lamps are tested using the TCLP, the test results can vary considerably, depending on
the lamp manufacturer, the age of the lamp, and the laboratory procedures used. These lamps often fail the TCLP.
If you do not use the TCLP to verify that your lamps are non-hazardous, you should (1) assume that they are
hazardous waste, and (2) manage them as hazardous waste. Contact your state hazardous waste agency for
information on laboratories in your state that conduct the TCLP test. The cost to test one lamp is approximately
$140. However, due to variability in TCLP testing for lamps, EPA recommends that more than one lamp be tested to
make a hazardous waste determination.
For more information on RCRA regulations and waste identification, storage, transportation, and disposal,
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Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators
A conditionally exempt small quantity generator, as defined under RCRA, is a generator who disposes 100 kg or
less of hazardous waste per month. Generators must add the weight of all the hazardous waste (lamps plus other
hazardous wastes) that their business generates during a month. For lamp disposal, this quantity of waste
includes the mercury in the lamp along with the glass, phosphors, and other materials (the weight of the entire
lamp).
Conditionally exempt small quantity generators are excused from RCRA identification, storage, treatment and
disposal regulations. To qualify as a conditionally exempt small quantity generator (if the only hazardous waste
is mercury-containing lamps), a generator must dispose of fewer than 300-350 four-foot T12 fluorescent lamps or
400-450 four-foot T8 fluorescent lamps per month, depending upon the approximate weight of each lamp. EPA
encourages all users of fluorescent and HID lamps to dispose of mercury-containing lamps responsibly to limit
the release of mercury into the environment.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
CERCLA also regulates the disposal of mercury-containing lamps. The law requires building owners and waste
generators to notify the National Response Center at (800) 424-8802 under certain conditions. For example, they
must notify if they dispose of a pound or more of mercury (roughly equivalent to 11,000 four-foot T12
fluorescent lamps) in a 24-hour period. All generators of mercury-containing lamp waste (large, small, and
conditionally exempt small generators) could be held liable in any subsequent Superfund cleanup at a land
disposal site, incinerator, storage site, or recycling or other treatment facility.
State Regulations
States may develop regulations that are more stringent than current Federal requirements. Several states are
currently considering regulations that will affect the transportation, storage, and/or disposal of
mercury-containing lamps. Check with your Regional EPA office or state agency to confirm the most current rules
and information on fluorescent and HID lamp waste management in your state.
Disposal of Used Fluorescent and HID Lamps
The following sections outline the storage, packing, transportation and disposal options for used mercury-
containing lamps discarded as hazardous waste.
Used lamps that test hazardous or are determined hazardous by the generator must be disposed of at a hazardous
waste landfill or sent to a lamp recycling facility. Mercury-containing lamps should never be incinerated. Most
municipal incinerators and solid waste combustors lack the necessary control technologies to effectively remove
mercury from the flue gas before it is released into the atmosphere.
Hazardous Waste Landfill
A hazardous waste landfill also known as a RCRA Subtitle C facility is a landfill that is permitted under
Subtitle C of RCRA and is engineered to contain hazardous waste. Incoming wastes are manifested by the facility
and some incoming wastes are subject to treatment standards.
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Recycling Fluorescent and HID Lamps
Any lamp may be recycled at permitted or licensed recycling facilities, regardless of whether the lamp tests
hazardous. However, for lamps that are hazardous waste, generators must follow generation, transport, and
storage requirements under RCRA Subtitle C. Recycling separates the toxic substances (such as mercury) from the
glass, aluminum, and other lamp components, and all materials may be re-used in manufacturing other products.
Some lamp recycling companies recycle HID lamps as well as fluorescent lamps. A list of companies that provide
lamp recycling services is included in the last section.
Lamp Disposal Costs The costs for lamp disposal by recycling or hazardous waste landfill can vary considerably.
Prices vary according to the following.
• quantity of waste generated
• location of disposal site
• proximity to a permitted hazardous waste landfill or recycling facility
• state and local taxes
Negotiate with hazardous waste brokers, transporters, waste management companies, and disposal sites to obtain
lowest fees.
Recycling Costs
Recycling costs for fluorescent lamps are typically calculated by linear foot. HID lamp recycling costs are
typically quoted on a per-lamp basis.
fluorescent recycling costs range from $0.06/ft to $0.15/ft
average cost is $0.10/ft
approximately $0.40 per F40 lamp
HID recycling costs range from $1.25/lamp to $4.50/lamp
average cost is $2.50/lamp
Note: Estimated costs do not include packaging, transportation, or profile fees.
Chemical or Hazardous Waste Landfill Costs
Disposal costs for fluorescent lamps at a hazardous waste landfill range from 25-50 cents per 4-foot tube, not
including costs for packaging, transportation, or profile fees.
Packing- Lamps for Disposal To prevent used fluorescent and HID lamps from breaking, lamps should be properly
packed for storage and transportation. When lamps are removed and replaced with new lamps (e.g., during group
relamping), the used lamps should be packed in the cardboard boxes that contained the replacement lamps. The
boxes containing the hazardous waste must be properly labeled. Pre-printed labels or rubber stamps that meet
Department of Transportation regulations are recommended for high-volume disposal.
Storing- Lamps for Disposal RCRA sets storage requirements for generators depending on how much hazardous waste
they dispose each month.
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Small quantity generators dispose !§&&<£/T&^®Qa.]g$v^<&&<2&^Qfa&sti&d&a.l per month (which roughly corresponds to
350 to 3,600 four foot lamps), and can store hazardous waste up to 180 days.
• Large quantity generators dispose over 1,000 kg of hazardous waste per month (more than 3,600 four foot
lamps), and can store hazardous waste up to 90 days.
• Conditionally exempt small quantity generators dispose 100 kg or less of hazardous waste per month and are
exempt from RCRA storage requirements.
In addition to proper packing, care should be taken when stacking the boxes of used lamps for storage to avoid
crushing the bottom boxes under the weight of the boxes on top. If you work with a contractor to maintain your
lighting system, you may want to specify a safe storage arrangement in your contract. This approach ensures that
your used lamps are not accidentally broken or crushed before they are sent to a disposal facility.
Some organizations crush their used lamps before disposal. This option should be pursued with care. The crushing
equipment should have the approval of state and local authorities, and crushing methods should be evaluated
carefully. The lamp should be crushed entirely inside the drum or storage unit so that no mercury vapor enters
the atmosphere. There should also be adequate ventilation in the space where the crushing occurs. Under current
EPA hazardous waste regulations, crushing lamps before sending them to a hazardous waste landfill may be
considered treatment. Therefore, a RCRA treatment permit may be required.
Transportation Registered haulers and other transporters of hazardous waste calculate transportation fees as
cents per pound per mile. The costs will vary according to the number of lamps, drums, or other containers to be
removed from the site and the distance from your location to the location of the hazardous waste landfill or
recycling facility.
Profile Fees Operators of chemical or hazardous waste landfills may charge a profile fee to document incoming
waste. Profile fees vary depending on the volume of waste materials generated and may be waived if a certain
volume or frequency of deliveries is assured. Establishing a working relationship with a lighting management
company or lighting maintenance contractor who assists with the maintenance of your lighting system can reduce
your disposal costs.
Record Keeping To track transported waste, EPA requires generators to prepare a Uniform Hazardous Waste
Manifest. This one-page form can be provided by the recycler or hazardous waste landfill where you dispose of
your used fluorescent or HID lamps. The manifest identifies the type and quantity of waste, the generator, the
transporter, and the facility to which the waste is being shipped.
The manifest must accompany the waste wherever it travels. Each handler of the waste must sign the manifest and
keep one copy. When the waste reaches its destination, the owner of that facility returns a copy of the manifest
to the generator to confirm that the waste arrived. If the waste does not arrive as scheduled, generators must
immediately notify EPA or the authorized state environmental agency (see the last section), so that they can
investigate and take appropriate action.
In addition, require your contractor to provide you with documentation verifying that the lamps were properly
recycled or disposed in a hazardous waste landfill.
Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Lamp wastes generated in small quantities (see "Conditionally Exempt Small
Quantity Generators" in the previous section) and used fluorescent and HID lamps that do not test hazardous
under RCRA may be disposed in a properly managed municipal solid waste landfill (RCRA Subtitle D facility). The
municipal landfill may impose restrictions or regulate incoming wastes in accordance with local rules or company
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guidelines. Disposal costs for lamps at
per 4 -foot lamp.
landfill are approximately 2-3 cents
Generators may be legitimately concerned about potential future Superfund liability in connection with this
disposal method. All generators of mercury-containing lamp waste, regardless of size, could be held liable in
any subsequent Superfund cleanup at a municipal solid waste landfill.
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EVALUATING DISPOSAL OPTIONS
Liability Issues Under CERCLA, owners and operators of facilities and persons disposing hazardous substances may
be held liable for response costs, if there is a release or threat of a release of a hazardous substance into
the environment. Liability under CERCLA is broad and potentially costly, and can apply retroactively. All
generators may incur Superfund liability for disposing mercury-containing lamps or PCB-containing ballasts in a
dumpster, local landfill, or recycling, storage, or treatment facility. Disposal of mercury wastes or PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner, however, will help to minimize the potential for environmental contamination and
thus also minimize the potential for liability.
Iznpact of Lamp Disposal Cost on Profitability
The overall impact of lamp disposal on the profitability of typical Green Lights lighting upgrade projects is
minimal. The example on the next page shows the impact of various lamp recycling costs on the internal rate of
return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) of a typical lighting upgrade project. The assumed project consists
of upgrading a 4-lamp standard fluorescent system that uses magnetic ballasts and 40-watt lamps with a 4-lamp
TS/electronic system and occupancy sensors. Without considering the cost of lamp disposal, the IRR and NPV were
calculated at 47.1% and $52,242, respectively. Note that even when assuming lamp disposal costs of $1.50 per
lamp three times the average recycling cost the IRR and NPV values decreased only slightly to 44.8% and $51,642,
respectively. These results were obtained using the Green Lights analysis tool Quikalc.
The total cost of disposing of a lamp as a hazardous waste either by recycling or using a hazardous waste
landfill can be put into perspective in three additional ways.
First, the cost of operating a lamp (including ballast losses) for its 20,000-hour life is $64 at the national
average electric rate of 7 cents per kilowatt-hour. The 50-cent disposal cost is quite modest in comparison.
Second, replacing an old fixture with a new one usually costs about $100-$150, including installation. Disposing
of an old fixture's lamps will cost approximately $2, depending on market conditions and disposal services
purchased. If the new fixture uses half the electricity of the old fixture (as is typical with Green Lights
upgrades), then the electric bill savings will pay for the cost of disposing of the old lamps after 310 hours of
operation about one month for most businesses. Essentially, lamp disposal will extend the payback of a project
by approximately one month.
Third, the cost of disposing of a lamp as hazardous waste either by recycling or using a hazardous waste
landfill represents only a small fraction of the total life-cycle operating costs of a lighting system. If
operating a 2-lamp T8 /electronic system, disposal as a hazardous waste represents only about 1 percent of total
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Mercury Emissions and the Environment
The largest man-made sources of mercury in the atmosphere are fossil fuel combustion (58% of total) and
municipal solid waste incineration (37% of total). When the mercury in a fossil fuel is heated in a combustor,
it turns into a vapor. In vapor form, mercury is difficult to remove from the flue gas and easily escapes into
the atmosphere. When moisture vapor in the atmosphere turns to rain, mercury returns to the earth and is
deposited in streams, lakes, and other waterways.
The mercury that is released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels can be substantially minimized using
efficient lighting technologies.
On average, fossil-fueled power plants emit 0.04 milligrams of mercury per kilowatt-hour sold. By maximizing the
efficiency of your lighting system, you can minimize mercury emissions from the power plants that provide your
electricity.
The amount of mercury emitted into the atmosphere through solid waste incineration and resource recovery
facilities (which burn solid waste to produce energy) can be minimized if you adopt a sound lamp disposal
practice. EPA will be proposing mercury emission limits for new and existing municipal solid waste incinerators
in 1994.
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WORKING WITH CONTRACTORS
Your lighting upgrade project specification should include provisions for proper handling and safe disposal of
lamps, ballasts, and other hazardous materials that may be associated with the project.
Here are some general guidelines.
• Investigate your disposal options thoroughly.
• Do not expect your contractor to be well-versed in all disposal requirements and options.
• Ask your lighting or electrical contractor to provide disposal services (either directly or through a
sub-contractor) as part of their contract.
• Be specific in your disposal requests (e.g., request high-temperature incineration of PCB-containing
ballasts at an EPA-approved incinerator).
• Ask for certifications, licenses, and references from all subcontractors providing waste disposal services,
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DEFINITIONS
CERCLA
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The Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980. CERCLA referred to also as
"Superfund" established cleanup and emergency response guidelines for releases of hazardous substances into the
environment. A release of a hazardous substance in an amount equal to or greater than its "reportable quantity"
(one pound for mercury and PCBs) in a 24-hour period triggers CERCLA notification requirements. CERCLA applies
to any size generator.
Chemical Waste Landfill
A TSCA permitted landfill that accepts hazardous substances and extremely hazardous waste. These facilities must
meet different engineering requirements than RCRA Subtitle C (hazardous waste) landfills.
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (SQG) A generator who generates 100 kilograms or less a month of a
hazardous waste. Under RCRA, small quantity generators are exempt from RCRA regulations for the transportation,
storage, treatment, and disposal of that hazardous waste.
Hazardous Waste Landfill See Subtitle C landfill.
RCRA The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act which regulates the management of solid (hazardous and
non-hazardous) wastes. Under RCRA, generators of solid wastes are responsible for determining whether the solid
wastes are hazardous and following RCRA transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal requirements for those
wastes.
RCRA Subtitle C Landfill A landfill containing hazardous wastes that is permitted under Subtitle C of RCRA. Land
disposal of hazardous wastes is restricted to permitted RCRA Subtitle C disposal facilities.
RCRA Subtitle D Landfill A municipal solid waste landfill containing non-hazardous wastes permitted under
Subtitle D of RCRA.
TSCA The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 which regulates the handling, storage, transportation and disposal
of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
INFORMATION RESOURCES
EPA Regional Offices
REGION I (ME, VT, NH, MA, CT, RI)
Environmental Protection Agency
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3420
REGION II (NY, NJ, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS)
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Environmental Protection Agency
Jacob K. Javits Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-2657
REGION III (PA, W, VA, MD, DE, WASHINGTON DC)
Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-9800
REGION IV (TN, KY, NC, SC, GA, AL, MS, FL)
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-4727
REGION V (IL, VII, IN, MI, MN, OH)
Environmental Protection Agency
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
(312) 353-2000
REGION VI (NM, TX, OK, AR, LA)
Environmental Protection Agency
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
12th Floor/Suite 1200
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 665-6444
REGION VII (NE, KS, MO, I A)
Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 551-7000
REGION VIII (MTr W, ND, SD, UT, CO)
Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 500
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999 18th Street http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Denver, CO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1603
REGION IX (CA, NV, AZ, HI, AMERICAN SAMOA, GUAM)
Environmental Protection Agency
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744-1305
REGION X (WA, OR, ID, AK)
Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-4973
State Solid and Hazardous Waste Agencies
ALABAMA
Department of Environmental Management
Land Division ( Solid/Hazardous Waste
1751 Federal Drive
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205) 271-7761/7735
ALASKA
Steve Willingham
Manager, Solid Waste Program
State of Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation
410 Willoughby Avenue
Juneau, Alaska 99801-1795
(907)465-5158
ARIZONA
Anthony Leverock
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Hazardous Waste Permits Unit
3033 North Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85012
(602) 207-4160
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
ARKANSAS
Tom Ezell
Manager, Programs Branch
Department of Pollution Control and Ecology
Hazardous Waste Division
PO Box 8913
Little Rock, AR 72219-8913
(501) 562-7444
Fax (501) 562-6532
CALIFORNIA
Mardis Goers
Department of Toxic Substances Control
PO Box 806
Sacramento, CA 95812-0806
(916) 322-0712
COLORADO
Scott Klarich
Environmental Compliance Officer
Monitoring and Enforcement Section
Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division
Colorado Department of Health and Environment
Mail Code: HMWMD-HWC-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80222-1530
(303) 692-3369
CONNECTICUT
Department of Environmental Protection
Waste Management Bureau
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 566-8476
DELAWARE
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
Division of Environmental Control
Solid Waste/Hazardous Waste Section
Edward Tatnall Building
PO Box 1401
Dover, DE 19901
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
(302) 739-4403
Delaware Solid Waste Authority
PO Box 71
New Castle, DE 19901
(302) 736-5361
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
Environmental Regulation Administration
Pesticides, Hazardous Waste and Underground Storage Tank Division
Hazardous Waste Management Branch (Hazardous Waste Disposal)
2100 Martin Luther King, Jr. Ave. SE, Suite 203
Washington, DC 20020
(202) 404-1167
Department of Public Works
Public Space Maintenance Administration
Bureau of Sanitation Services (Solid Waste Disposal/Recycling)
2750 South Capitol St., SE
(202) 767-8512
FLORIDA
Raoul Clarke, Environmental Administrator
Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste
Department of Environmental Protection
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400
(904) 488-0300
GEORGIA
Vern George
Environmental Protection Agency
Toxics Branch
345 Courtland St., NW
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 347-1033
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Land Protection Branch
205 Butler Street, SE
Suite 1154
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 656-2833
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
HAWAII
State of Hawaii
Department of Health
Environmental Management Division
Clean Air Branch
Asbestos Abatement Office
PO Box 3378
Honolulu, HI 96801-3378
(808) 586-8144
IDAHO
William Fritell
Department of Health and Welfare
Division of Environment
Bureau of Hazardous Materials
450 W. State Street
Boise, ID 83720
(208) 334-5879
ILLINOIS
Clarence L. Smith
State of Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
(217)524-3300
INDIANA
Robert Snodgrass
Solid Waste Permit Section
105 South Meridian Street
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015
(317)232-5976
IOWA
Lavoy Haage
Department of Natural Resources
Solid Waste Section
Land Quality Bureau
Wallace State Office Building
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, IA 50319
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(515) 281 — 4968 http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
KANSAS
Ron Smith
Department of Health and Environment
Solid Waste Management Division
Forbes AFB Bldg. No. 740
Topeka, KS 66620
(913) 296-1500
KENTUCKY
Abby Myer
Department for Environmental Protection
Division of Waste Management
Ft. Boone Plaza
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-6716 x242
LOUISIANA
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste
Solid Waste Division
PO Box 44307
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
(504) 765-0355
MAINE
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Oil & Hazardous Materials Control
State House Station 17
August, ME 04333
(207)287-2651
Waste Management Agency
State House Station 154
August, ME 04333
(207)287-5300
MARYLAND
Ed Hammerburg
Department of Environment
Toxic Operations Program
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2500 Boening Highway http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Baltimore, MD 21224
(410) 631-3345
MASSACHUSETTS
Victoria Phillips, Environmental Analyst
Office of Hazardous Waste
Enforcement Division
1 Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 292-5812
MICHIGAN
Department of Natural Resources
Hazardous Waste -Division
PO Box 30241
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-2730
MINNESOTA
Nancy Ellefson
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Solid or Hazardous Waste Division
520 Lafayette Road North
St. Paul, MN 55155
(612) 296-6300
MISSISSIPPI
Russell Smith
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Pollution Control
PO Box 10358
Jackson, MS 39209
(601) 961-5171
MISSOURI
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Quality
Waste Management Program
Jefferson State Office Building
205 Jefferson Street
PO Box 176
Missouri Boulevard
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Jefferson City, MO 65102 http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
(314) 751-3176
MONTANA
Don Vidrine
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
Environmental Sciences Division
Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau
PO Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
(406) 444-1430
NEBRASKA
Department of Environmental Control
PO Box 94877
State Office Building
Lincoln, NE 68509
(402) 471-2186
NEVADA
Colleen Crips
Bureau of Hazardous Waste
333 West Nye Lane
Carson City, NV 89710
(702) 687-5872
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Robert C. White, Chief
PCB Section
Department of Environmental Services
Air Resources Division/Toxics Management Bureau
64 N. Main St., Caller Box 2033
Concord, NH 03302-2033
(603) 271-1370
Department of Environmental Services
Waste Management Division/Compliance Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03301
(603) 271-2942
NEW JERSEY
Sandor Juhasz
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NJ Department of Environmental ProtectictotantfwBwe^ygov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Hazardous Waste Regulation Program
401 East State Street
CN 421
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-8341
NJ Department of Environmental Protection and Energy
Solid Waste Management Division
840 Bear Tavern Road
CN 44
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-8341
NEW MEXICO
New Mexico Environmental Department
Harold Runnels Building
PO Box 26110
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502
Hazardous and Radioactive Materials Bureau
(505) 827-4308
Solid Waste Bureau
(505) 827-2775
NEW YORK
Sharon Rader
Division of Hazardous Substances Regulation
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, NY 12233
(518) 485-8988
NORTH CAROLINA
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Solid Waste Management/Hazardous Waste Division
PO Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 733-2178
NORTH DAKOTA
Neil M. Knatterud, Director
Health Department
Division of Waste Management
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1200 Missouri Avenue
PO Box 5520
Bismarck, ND 58502-5520
(701) 328-5166
OHIO
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste
PO Box 1049
1800 Watermark Drive
Columbus, OH 43266-0149
(614) 644-2917
OKLAHOMA
Ellen Bussert
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality
Public Information and- Education
1000 Northeast 10th Street
Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1212
(405) 271-7353
OREGON
Gary Galaba
Department of Environmental Quality
Waste Management Clean-up Division
811 S.W. 6th Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 229-5630
PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Environmental Resources
Bureau of Waste Management
PO Box 8471
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8471
PUERTO RICO
Environmental Quality Board
Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau
PO Box 11488
Santurce, PR 00910
(809) 725-5140
RHODE ISLAND
http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Robert Nero
Department of Environmental Management
Air and Hazardous Materials
291 Promenade Street
Providence, RI 02908
(401) 277-2797
SOUTH CAROLINA
Board of Health and Environmental Control
Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 896-4174
SOUTH DAKOTA
Department of Water and Natural Resources
Environmental Health Division
Joe Foss Building
Pierre, SD 57501
(605) 773-3153
TENNESSEE
Wayne Gregory, Technical Coordinator
Department of Environment and Conservation
Division of Solid Waste Management
5th Floor, C Tower
401 Church Street
Nashville, TN 37243-1535
(615) 532-0780
TEXAS
Alice Hamilton Rogers, P.E., Technical Consultant
Texas Water Commission
PO Box 13087
1700 North Congress Avenue
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512) 463-7830
UTAH
Rusty Lundburg
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste
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PO Box 144880
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4880
VERMONT
Stephen Simoes,
Hazardous Materials Coordinator
Department of Environmental Conservation
Hazardous Materials Management Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0404
(802) 241-3888
VIRGINIA
Robert Lincoln, Waste Division
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
Special Solid Waste Program
P.O. Box 10009
Richmond, VA 22240
(804) 527-5357
WASHINGTON
Vern Meinz, Environmental Engineer
Department of Ecology
Solid and Hazardous Waste Program
PO Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504-7600
(206) 407-6753
NEST VIRGINIA
WV Division of Environmental Protection
Office of Waste Management
1356 Hansford Street
Charleston, WV 25301
(304) 558-5929
WISCONSIN
http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Solid Waste Management
101 South Webster Street
Madison, WI 53707
(608) 266-1327
WYOMING
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Department of Environmental Quality
Solid Waste Management Program
122 West 25th Street
(307) 777-7752
TSCA, RCRA, and CERCLA Information Phone Lines
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Assistance Information Hotline
(202) 554-1404
RCRA/CERCLA Hotline
(800) 424-9346
in the Washington, DC Metro Area
(703) 412-9810
CERCLA National Response Center (NRC) Hotline
(800) 424-8802
EPA-Approved Disposal Locations
Commercially permitted PCB INCINERATORS operating as of Junel993
Aptus, Inc.
PO Box 1328
Coffeyville, KS 67337
(316) 251-6380
Aptus, Inc.
Aragonite, UT
(801) 266-7787
Chemical Waste Management
PO Box 2563
Port Arthur, TX 77643
(409) 736-2821
Environmental Energy Group
Denton, TX
(817) 383-3632
Environmental Energy Group
PO Box 50764
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Denton, TX 76206 http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
(817) 898-1291
Rollins
PO Box 609
Deer Park, TX 77536
(713) 930-2300
Commercially permitted HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS operating as of June 1993
Chem-Security Systems Incorporated
Star Route, Box 9
Arlington, OR 98712
(503) 454-2643
Chemical Waste Management
Call 1-800-843-3604 for
information on CWM disposal
facilities nation-wide.
Envirosafe Services Inc. of Idaho
PO Box 16217
Boise, ID 83715-6217
(800) 274-1516
US Ecology, Inc.
Box 578
Beatty, NV 89003
(702) 553-2203
US Pollution Control, Inc.
Grayback Mountain
8960N Hwy 40
Lake Point, UT 84074
(801) 531-4980
Recycling Resources
Lamp Recycling Services
Advanced Environmental Recycling Corp.
2591 Mitchell Avenue
Allentown, PA
(800) 554-2372 or (215) 797-7608
Allied Technology Group
47375 Freemont Boulevard
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Freemont, CA 94538 http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
(510) 490-3008
Alta Resource Management Services
88-B Industry Avenue
Springfield, MA 01104-9926
(800) 730-ALTA or (413) 734-3399
Bethlehem Apparatus
Hellertown, PA
(215) 838-7034
Dynex Environmental, Inc.
6801 Industrial Loop
Milwaukee, WI 53129
(800) 249-3310 or (414) 421-4959
4751 Mustang Circle
St. Paul, MN 55112
(800) 733-9639 or (612) 784-4040
Global Recycling Technologies, Inc.
PO Box 651
Randolph, MA 02368
(617) 341-6080
Light Cycle, Inc.
1222 University Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55104
(612) 641-1309
Lighting Resources, Inc.
386 S. Gordon Street
Pomona, CA
(800) 57-CYCLE
Luminaire Recyclers Inc.
2161 University Avenue, Suite 206
St. Paul, MN 55114
(612) 649-0079
Mercury Recovery Systems
2021 S. Myrtle Street
Monrovia, CA
(818) 301-1372
Mercury Refining Co., Inc.
Albany, NY
(518) 459-0820
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Mercury Technologies International, LP http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Hayward, CA
(800) 628-3675
Los Angeles, CA
(310) 475-4684
West Melbourne, FL
(407) 852-1516
Mercury Technologies of Minnesota
Pine City Industrial Park
Pine City, MN 55063-0013
(612) 629-7888
(800) 864-3821
Nine West Technologies
Nashville, TN
(615) 399-1486
NSSI, Inc.
574 Etheridge Street
Houston, Texas 77087
(713) 641-0391
Recyclights
401 West 86th Street
Bloomington, MN 55420
1-800-831-2852 (This number also serves Recyclights facilities in Tallahasseee, FL and Columbus, OH.)
Salesco Systems USA
5736 West Jefferson
Phoenix, AZ 85043
1-800-368-9095
Braintree, MA
1- 800-368-8878
Arlington Heights, IL
1- 800-881-6811
Dallas, TX
1-214-661-8819
San Diego, CA
1-619-222-5808
Flowery Branch, Georgia
1-770-965-9585
Superior Lamp Recycling, Inc.
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Mineral Springs Facility
1275 Mineral Springs Drive
Port Washington, WI 53074
(800) 556-LAMP (5267)
USA Lamp and Ballast Recyclers
Call John Fortino at 1-800-778-6645
for information on disposal facilities.
USA Lights
2007 County Road, C-2
Roseville, MN 55113
(612) 628-9370
Ballast .Recycling Services
Alta Resource Management Services, Inc.
88-B Industry Avenue
Spingfield, MA 01104-9926
(800) 730-ALTA or (413) 734-3399
Dynex Environmental, Inc.
6801 Industrial Loop
Milwaukee, WI 53129
(800) 249-3310 or (414) 421-4959
4751 Mustang Circle
St. Paul, MN 55112
(800) 733-9639 or (612) 784-4040
Eastern Environmental Technologies
Portchester, NY
(914) 934-2100
Ensquare, Inc.
Newton Upper Falls, MA
(617) 776-7320
FulCircle Ballast Recyclers
168 Brattle Street
Cambridge, MA
(800) 775-1516
Baltimore, MD
(717) 932-1022
New York, NY
(800) 581-0857
http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
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http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
San Francisco, CA
(916) 649-9194
Los Angeles, CA
(800) 775-1516
Atlanta, GA
(800) 775-1516
Chicago, IL
(708) 434-0593
Detroit, MI
(313) 651-6589
Global Recycling Technologies, Inc.
PO Box 651
Randolph, MA 02368
(617) 341-6080
Lighting Resources, Inc.
Pomona, CA
(714) 622-0881
Light Cycle, Inc
1222 University Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55104
(612) 641-1309
Luminaire Recyclers Inc.
2161 University Avenue, Suite 206
St. Paul, MN 55114
(612) 649-0079
S.D. Myers
180 South Avenue
Tallmadge, Ohio 44278
(216) 633-2666
Salesco Systems USA
5736 West Jefferson
Phoenix, AZ 85043
1-800-368-9095
Braintree, MA
1- 800-368-8878
Arlington Heights, IL
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1- 800-881-6811 http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Dallas, TX
1-214-661-8819
San Diego, CA
1-619-222-5808
Flowery Branch, Georgia
1-770-965-9585
Transformer Service, Inc.
Concord, NH 03302
(603) 224-4006
Transtec Environmental
Niagara Falls, NY
(716) 283-6174
USA Lamp and Ballast Recyclers
Call John Fortino at 1-800-778-6645
for information on disposal facilities.
THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE LIST OF COMPANIES WHO PROVIDE RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED
STATES. COMPANIES LISTED IN THIS SECTION ARE NOT ENDORSED BY THE EPA OR THE GREEN LIGHTS PROGRAM. EPA DOES NOT
SCREEN LISTED COMPANIES AND CANNOT CONFIRM THE METHODS THESE COMPANIES MAY USE IN THEIR RECYCLING PROCESS.
Lighting Waste Disposal is one of a series of documents known collectively as the Lighting Upgrade Manual. Click
below to jump to other documents in the series.
Planning
Green Lights Program
Implementation Planning Guidebook
Financial Considerations
Lighting Waste Disposal
Progress Reporting
Communicating Green Lights Success
Technical
• Lighting Fundamentals
Lighting Upgrade Technologies
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Lighting Maintenance http://www.epa.gov/docs/gcdoar/waste.html
Lighting Evaluations
* The Lighting Survey
Appendices
• Green Lights for Federal Participants
GREEN LIGHTS: A Bright Investment in the Environment
For more information or to order other documents or appendices in this series, contact the Green Lights program
office at:
Green Lights Program
US EPA
401 M Street, SW (6202J)
Washington, DC 20460
or call the Green Lights Information Hotline at (202) 775-6650, Fax (202) 775-6680. Look in the monthly Green
Lights & Energy Star UJpdate newsletter for announcements of new publications.
Energy Star Fax-Line System
phone: 202-233-9659
Click HERE to return to the Lighting Upgrade Manual page.
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