United Slates
Environmental Protection
Agency
Grants Administration
Division (PM-2161
Washington DC 20460
EPA-GAD'1-78-03
October-March Fy 1978
Research,
Demonstration
Training, and
Fellowship
Awards
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DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED
Federal law prohibits discrimination
on the basis of race, color, religion, sex,
age, or national origin, in all programs and
activities receiving assistance from the
Environmental Protection Agency,
-------
INTRODUCTION
This publication provides information about the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) research, demonstration, training, and
fellowship awards during the period October 1977 - March 1978.
It is a companion publication to State and Local Grant Awards
which lists awards to State and Local agencies.
The data is organized into two sections:
Section One - Geographic listing by State and program.
Section Two - Grant Number Index and brief project
descriptions arranged in ascending
order of the Grant Identification
Number.
Project descriptions were, for the most part, prepared by the
grantees and are provided only for those grants administered by the
EPA Headquarters office. The inclusion of this information has
proven to be very useful from a management aspect as well as in
meeting and fulfilling requirements for providing information to
the public.
The Grant Number Index is provided as an aid for cross-
referencing information between the two sections. Locating a grant
number in this index, the reader will find the name of the applicant
and the State location. By referring to that State's listing(s) in
Section One, information on that particular grant will be found.
Any comments or criticisms should be directed to Lynn Szedon,
Grants Operations Branch (PM-216), Grants Administration Division,
on (202) 755-3370.
i.
-------
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON EPA GRANTS AWARDED, REPORTS
GENERATED BY GRANTS AND OTHER GRANT-RELATED MATERIALS
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellowship Awards
Section I lists research, demonstration, training, and
fellowship awards by State, program, and grantee name.
Each record provides applicant name, municipality, program
element, title, project director, grant identification
number, type of grant award, date and dollar amount of
award. Section II contains brief project descriptions for
research and demonstration projects administered by Head-
quarters and is arranged in ascending order by the grant
identification number. An index is provided for cross-
referencing the information between Sections I and II.
1st Half of FY 1977 (October 1976 - March 1977)
EPA-GAD/1-78-01, NTIS Number PB278942, price $7.25
2nd Half of FY 1977 (April 1977 - September 1977)
EPA-GAD/1-78-02, NTIS Number PB283959, price $21.50
State and Local Grant Awards
Lists all State and Local Assistance Awards by State,
by program and by grantee name. Format the same
as for Research, Demonstration, Training, and
Fellowship Awards listed above.
1st Half of FY 1977 (October 1976 - March 1977)
EPA-GAD/2-78-01, NTIS Number PB279888, price $11.75
2nd Half of FY 1977 (April 1977 - September 1977)
EPA-GAD/2-78-02, NTIS Number PB282687, price $15.25
ii.
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AWARDS REGISTER, GRANTS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF EPA
Volume I. Section I lists research, demonstration, training
and fellowship awards by State, program, and grantee
name. Each record provides applicant name, munici-
pality, program element, title, project director,
Grant Identification Number, type of grant award,
date and dollar amount of award. Section II contains
brief project descriptions for research and demonstra-
tion projects administered by Headquarters and is
arranged in ascending order by the Grant Identification
Number. An index is provided for cross-referencing the
information between Sections I and II. Section III is
a cross-walk for use in identifying the program/subprogram
area of a grant in accordance with classifications of
our Office of Research and Development.
1st Half of FY 1976 (July 1975 - December 1975)
EPA-GAD/1-76-001, NTIS Number PB252893, price $5.25
2nd Half of FY 1976 (January 1976 - June 1976)
EPA-GAD/1-76-003, NTIS Number PB260742, price $9.00
Transition Quarter of FY 1976 (July 1976 - September 1976)
EPA-GAD/1-76-005, NTIS Number PB275407/AS, price $8.00
1st Half of FY 1975 (July 1974 - December 1974)
EPA-GAD/1-75-001, NTIS Number PB241476, price $5.25
2nd Half of FY 1975 (January 1975 - June 1975)
EPA-GAD/1-75-003, NTIS Number PB245575, price $10.75,
Microfiche $3.00
Volume II. Lists all State and Local Assistance Awards by State,
by program, and by grantee name. Contents and format
the same as for Volume I, Section I.
1st Half of FY 1976 (July 1975 - December 1975)
EPA-GAD/1-76-002, NTIS Number PB253091, price $11.00
2nd Half of FY 1976 (January 1976 - June 1976)
EPA-GAD/1-76-004, NTIS Number PB261980, price $11.00
Transition Quarter of FY 1976 (July 1976 - September 1976)
EPA-GAD/1-76-006, NTIS Number PB275408/AS, price $9.00
iii.
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AWARDS REGISTER, VOLUME II. CONTINUED
1st Half of FY 1975 (July 1974 - December 1974)
EPA-GAD/1-75-002, NTIS Number PB241400, price $9.00
Microfiche, $3.00
2nd Half of FY 1975 (January 1975 - June 1975)
EPA-GAD/1-75-004, NTIS Number PB245576, price $11.75,
Microfiche, $3.00
Volume I.
AWARDS REGISTER. GRANTS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF EPA
Fiscal Year 1974 (July 1973 - June 1974)
Lists all awards in Fiscal Year 1974 except Waste
Water Treatment Construction and Waste Water Treatment
Reimbursement Awards. NTIS Number PB238370, price
$8.00, microfiche, $3.00
Volune II. Lists only Waste Water Treatment Construction Awards
in Fiscal Year 1974. NTIS Number PB238371, price
$9.25, microfiche, $3.00
Voluae III.
Lists only Waste Water Treatment Reimbursement Awards
in Fiscal Year 1974. NTIS Number PB238372, price
$9.00, microfiche, $3.00
AWARDS REGISTER, GRANTS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF EPA
Fiscal Year 1973 (July 1972 - June 1973)
The format of this publication has the Initial sort
by State. Each entry includes grantee, identification
number, program area, grant title, award date, and
dollar amount. NTIS Number PB229827, price $15.25,
microfiche, $3.00
The above publications can be purchased from:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 557-4650
iv.
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AWARDS REGISTER, GRANTS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF EPA
Fiscal Year 1972 (July 1971 - June 1972)
This publication is currently out of print. It is
available for reference at all EPA libraries and
at EPA Headquarters, Grants Administration Division,
401 M Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20460
MONTHLY LISTING OF AWARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION GRANTS FOR
WASTEWATER TREATMENT WORKS
Awards for the wastewater treatment facilities construction
grants under Public Law 92-500 made during a particular
month are listed in a monthly publication entitled
"Monthly Listing of Awards for Construction Grants for
Wastewater Treatment Works." This publication is prepared
by the Grants Administration Division and distributed and
sold by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
The March 1974 issue (PB23130) provides a base listing of
all grants awarded under Public Law 92-500. Beginning
with the April 1974 issue (PB231300-01), the listings
contain awards for one month only and are numbered in
sequence. Microfiche (24X) of each copy is also available.
The subscription price is $120.00 for 12 issues plus one
issue of the yearly "State Priority Lists for Construction
Grants for Wastewater Treatment Works." Previous issues
can be purchased at $10.50 per copy.
The publication is distributed to subscribers approximately
six weeks after the close of the awards-listed month. It
may be obtained through:
National Technical Information Service
Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 557-4650
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FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
This publication includes descriptive information about
Environmental Protection Agency assistance programs
reprinted from the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance,
which was prepared for the Office of Management and Budget.
Similar information on programs of all Federal agencies is
included in the Catalog which is available from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20420 for $18.00 and includes changes as
issued. It is also available for public use in Federal
Depository Libraries.
Copies of this publication may be obtained from the
Environmental Protection Agency, Grants Operations Branch,
Grants Administration Division (PM-216), 401 M Street SW,
Washington, D.C. 20460.
NOTE: All of the proceeding publications are available for
examination at the Grants Administration Division
and Library of EPA Headquarters and each Regional
Office.
vi.
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OTHER GRANT-RELATED INFORMATION
A brief summary of a grant project is available on the majority
of research and demonstration grants.
These summaries are available for projects that have received
Federal funding. In rare instances, a grant application may contain
privileged information and is so designated. For these, only the
award data, such as grant number, applicant name, organization,
location, grant title, amount awarded, and award date is available.
Other information may be available depending on the particular
circumstances.
The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE), room
300, 1730 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, receives a
copy of the summary of a grant and makes it available to the
public on a fee basis. The cost of a print-out, if the Agency
is identified and the grant or contract number is provided,
costs $2.00 per grant number with a $10.00 minimum fee. A
search on a subject (topic) is $60.00 per search service for
1 to 50 titles, and an additional charge of 25C per title.
A search on the investigator's name can also be performed. All
inquiries and requests for this service should be addressed to
SSIE or phone (202) 381-4211.
vii.
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REPORTS GENERATED BY GRANT SUPPORTED PROJECTS
Final reports and other program reports generated by grant supported
projects are published and made available if merited. Final report
information is available from the following program offices:
Solid Waste Management & Resource Recovery:
Publication and Distribution Unit
Office of Solid Waste Management
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Air Pollution Control:
Library MD-35
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Pesticide Publications:
Information Section WH-569
Office of Pesticide Programs
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
Other Research & Demonstration Projects:
Technology Transfer Staff
Office of Research & Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
viii.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY QUARTERLY SUPPLEMENT
(Sponsored by Library Systems Branch)
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 published in December
1976 (NTIS Number PB265920, price quote obtained from NTIS)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstracts for reports
generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies and entered into
the NTIS collection through 1976. Access points to this infor-
mation are by Report Title, Subject (keyword), Corporate or
Personal Author, Contract Number, and Accession/Report Number.
Beginning in March 1977, quarterly update supplements will be
published listing and indexing EPA technical reports and journal
articles entered into the NTIS collection during the preceding
quarter. An additional index titled "Sponsoring EPA Office" is
included as well. The fourth quarterly issue will cumulate and
become the annual index for the year.
To order documents or subscriptions, contact the National Technical
Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia
22161. Do not order from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
If what you have ordered is in stock on hand, you should receive
your order within two weeks after it arrives at NTIS. If what
you have ordered must be reproduced from a microform, or if all
the paper copies have been sold and reprints are in process, you
should receive your order within four to six weeks. Infrequently,
orders may be further delayed by a contractor's inability to
deliver to NTIS. You will be notified if such a delay is expected.
The EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly Supplement series is available
on annual subscription from NTIS at a cost of $45.00 for North
American Continent users (single copies, when available, are $12.50
each). For those outside the North American Continent, please
write NTIS for prices.
ix.
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The following EPA Libraries maintain for reference purposes completed
sets of EPA reports on microfiche.
Region I Library
Room 2211-B, JFK Federal Bldg.
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
National Marine Water Quality Lab
P. 0. Box 277
West Kingston, Rhode Island 02892
Region II Library
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10007
Region II Field Office Library
Edison, New Jersey 08817
Region III Library
Curtis Bldg., 6th & Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Headquarters Library, Room 2404 WSM
401 M Street, SW
Washington, B.C. 20460
Region IV Library
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Library Services MD-35
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
Southeast Environmental Research Lab
College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Gulf Breeze Laboratory
Sabine Island, Bldg. 29
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
Region V Library
230 Dearborn Street, Rm. 1455-A
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Environmental Research Center Library
26 West St. Clair Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Environmental Research Lab-Duluth
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
Region VI Library
First International Bldg.
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75270
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory
P. 0. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Region VII Library
1735 Baltimore Avenue, Room 249
Kansas City, Missouri 64108
Region VIII Library 8M-ASL
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80225
National Field Investigation Center
Room A-1209, Bldg. 53
Box 25227, Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
Region IX Library
100 California Street
San Francisco, California
94111
National Environmental Research Center
P. 0. Box 15027
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
Region X Library
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington
98101
National Environmental Research Center
200 S.W. 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
x.
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SECTION I
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MUNICIPALITY
TITLt
PROJECT DIRECTOR / GRANT NO TY« OF DATE OF
FELLO* GRANT AWARD
GRANT AMARU
ALABAMA
** RESEARCH *•
ALABAMA A.M. UNIV.
ALABAMA, UNIV. OF
UNIVERSITY
ALABAMA, UNIV. OF
UNIVERSITY
SAVAGE, J,
SU393J02
MICRUB1AL DEGRADATION UP ChLORlNAUO HYDROCARBON
PESTlClOt IN FHESHNATCH tCOSYSTEMS
BEHTSCH, M.
ASSESSMENT Of HYDROCARBONS IN THfc
HELMS, B,P,
Of DRINKING MATER DEMAND *NO
THE ECONUMICS UF SUPPLY SYSTEM CONSOLIDATION
8u«7«flOi
80561701
CONT 78/03/27
CONT 78/01/J9
Nt« 76/03/09
152.316
f»A«fc
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
IITLfc
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
ALASKA
*• RESEARCH **
EMMONAK, CITY OF
REOFOX, D,
ALASKA VILLAGE RE3EAHCH PROJECT
80566001 INCR 77/11/81
l«,000
CITY OF
NAYAKIK, C.
ALASKA VILLAGE RESEARCH PROJECT
80566101 INCH 77/11/21
$120*700
«»«01-7tt
PACE
-------
MUNICIPALITY
TITLE
MOJtCT DIHICTOH /
FELLOW
OHANT NO TV« Of DAH Of
CHANT AWARD
6RANT AMARU
A H i / 0 N A
** KESEARCM **
ARIZONA, UNIV. OF
TUCSON
ARIZONA, UNIV, UF
TUCSON
J. 0. 80J71bO
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
TITLE
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
PILLOW
CHANT NO TYPE or DATE of
GRANT AWARD
AMOUNT or
GRANT
CALIFORNIA
** RESEARCH **
ATMOSPHERIC RES. GROUP
ALTAOENA
CALIFORNIA, UNIV, or
RIVERSIDE
CALIFORNIA, UNIV, OF
HIVERSIOE
EN50H, 0, 60565001
INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF ELECTROSTATIC
PREClPlTATORS, SCRUBBERS, BAGHOUSE8 ON IN-3TACK
PITTS, J, 8006491B
MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN
URBAN »IH
FUKUTO, T. 60454503
CHEMICAL » HOOt OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES
NEW 78/02/17
INCR 77/11/16
CONT 78/01/16
I7J,JOZ
•59i670
1112.000
CALIFORNIA, UNIV, OF
rtlVEHSlDE
CALIFURNIA, UNIV, OF
IRVINE
CALIFUR'NlA, UNIV. OF
SANTA dARBARA
CONTRA COSTA CNTY, HEALTH OEPT,
1AKTINEZ
JOHN MUIR INST. FOR ENVHN, STUDIES
NAPA
TAYLOR, 0.
IMPACT or OXIDANT *IR POLLUTANTS ON WESTER
CONlFENOuS FORbST ECOSYSTEM
OLSON, B.
ASSESSMENT i IMPLICATIONS BACTERIAL REGROWTH
AND MAlER DISTKlriUTION SYSTEM
OFFEN,MENRY
OIL SPILL AND UlL POLLUTION REPORTS & OIL
SPILL LOMAINMtNT, CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
80541001
60568001
80560301
80555101
INCR 78/01/20
NEW 78/02/27
NEW 78/03/15
WOOD, 0,
EPIOtMiOLOGJCAL STUDY INCIDENCE CANCER
RELATED INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS HEAVILY INDUSTRIALIZED PART CNTY
INCH 78/02/24
MALM, W,
REGIONAL VISIBILITY! THE COLORADO PLATEAU
80578001
NEW 78/02/14
8130,640
860,876
185,104
81,500
LAFAYETTE, CITY OF
LAMYEITE
MOULTUN MIGUEL WATER DIST,
LAGUNA
MARRINER, C, 80567201
EVALUATION OF LAFAYETTE RESERVOIR
REST, KRwGRAM
80527901
O'CONNOR, J,
RESEARLH STUDY FOR CONTINUING DOCUMENTATION
OF PURIFYING DUMESTIC SEwAUE BY USING AQUATIC PLANTS
NEW 78/01/09
INCR 78/02/07
8125,960
136,434
06-OJ-7B
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MUNICIPALITY
TITL6
PKOJtCT OlRtCTOR /
PCLLDW
OIUNT NO rm or DATE or *«oui»t IP
GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
CALIFORNIA
** RESEARCH *•
OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE
LOS ANGELES
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA METNO WATER DIST,
L08 AN6ELES
STANFORD RES. INST,
MENLO PARK
MOHTUN, M,
SEASONAL CYCLES IN BODY COMPOSITION ORGAN
SYSTEM FUNCTION I ENERGETICS OF GRASSLAND BIRDS
PEARSON, H. E. 80«T0901
UUALITY bFFCCTS RELATED TO BLENDING
NATEK8 Of DIFFERENT ORIGIN IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
SINGH, H, B.
ATM05P«E*IC FATES OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS
80380203
INCH 78/OZ/Z2
INCH 78/OZ/13
CONT 76/03/13
»9,U31
$5,659
»Bb»UOO
STANFORD UNIV,
STANFORD
** OEMONSTRATION *•
EAST BAY MUN. UTIL. DIST.
OAKLAND
MOUNTAIN VIE*, CITY OF
MOUNTAIN VIEh
PARKS, G. 60501001
APPLICATION OF ADSORPTION THEORY TOWARDS
VIRUS DECONTAMINATION
LARKIN, U, 80«b9b01
PROCES&ING, ECONOMICS t SALE OF MEAT DRIED
SLUDGE
CARLSON, JOHN A. 80339601
SHURtLJNc REGIONAL PARK GAS RECOVER? PROGRAM
INCH 77/12/14
INCH 78/01/30
INCH 76/01/30
)«,297
*70,000
** TRAINING **
ASSOCIATION OF HAY AREA UOVTS.
dEHKtLEY
CALIFORNIA STATt UNIV.
SACRAMENTO
SIERRA CLUB
FRANCISCO
HAGEVIK, G.
PROPOSAL TO DEMONSTRATE PROCEDURES FOR
PRgPARjNl* AIR UUALITY PLANS
KEKRI, K,
REVISION AND EXPANSION OF OPERATION OF
WASTt WAIER TREATMENT PLANTS
POHE, C.
CIU2EN eOUCAUON ON THE CLEAN AIR ACT
AMENDHtN'lS
900B1001
76/03/2S
90069U01 INCH 77/11/15
90078401 NE" 78/02/1J
»80,913
*U7,bOO
S200,uOO
08-03-7«
PAGE
-------
MUNICIPALITY
PRUJfcCT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
TITLt
CHANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARD BRANT AMARU
CALIFORNIA
** TRAINING **
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, UNIV. OF
LOS ANGELES
•• FELLOWSHIPS **
CALIFORNIA, UNIV. OF
IRVINE
MC6INTV, R,
RESEARtH AND DtVELOPMENT OF HETRO APEX
WATEK I*L*NNING~ANO GAMINC SIMULATION
PH.D./tNtaR,
HUNGER,
90059302 INCR 77/U/23
91079101 INCR 77/11/16
S2»2B5
CONTROL DATA IN3T.
L08 ANGELES
tLVIN, »,
COMPuTtR PROGRAMMING/AIR POLLUTION
91106801 INCR 77/11/02
S«00
SOUTHERN CALIFONNIA, UN1V, OF
LOS ANGELES
JONES, J, NIKKI
H,8«/PUBLIC ADHIN./ENVRN. MGHT,
91099001 NEW 77/11/10
0»-0l-7b
PAOC
-------
MUNICIPALITY
rirut
PROJtCT
FELLOW
6* A NT NO TYPf Of DATf Of
GRANT AWARD
GRANT AMARU
COLORADO
*• RESEARCH **
COLORADO 3Ch. OF MJNE3 RES. INST,
UOLOtN
COLORADO STATE UNIV.
FONT COLLINS
COLOHA0U STATE UNIV.
FOHT COLLINS
KLOEPPER, DEAN L. 60416(201
MINERALOGY OF OVERBURDEN RELATED TO GROUND-WATER
DEGRADATION IN STRIP MINING OP COAL
8oJ68«Od
D. b,
UUALITY MYOROLOGY AFFECTED BY OIL
SHALt
CROSS
MlbLtR, CHARLES P.
OF GIARDIA
INCH 76/02/06
INCH 78/01/19
INCH 76/03/09
138,365
COUOHAOU STATE UNIV.
FOHT
COLORAOU STATE UNJ
FONT CULLINS
COLORADO, UNIV. UF
UOuLUEH
H, 60575901
EVALUATION Of STATISTICAL « ECONOMIC FACTORS
IN DESIGN OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORKS
SKOGtRbOt, G.
EVALUAII^G FURHOw IkRIGATION EFFICIENCY
FOR HEbluNAL WATER QUALITY PLANS
CHAPPELL/ w, R,
HEAL1H EfFfcCtS OF CONSUMPTION OF RENOVATED
WATEK-LH6MISTRY ANU CYTOTOXICITY
80561101
6U396B03
6U396603
NEW 76/02/13
NEW 76/03/20
INCH 78/02/06
77/10/25
112,V96
$177,b«2
$2,000
DENVER, uinv, OF
UENVEft
OENVEK,
. OF
** TRAINING **
AMERICAN nAIEH ftOKKS ASSOL.
UENVER
vENOJTTI, F, 60572501
TRANSFtR AND UflLlZATlON OF PAHTICULATE
CONTHQL IECMNOLOGY
HINAHD, G, 8U573301
HIGH VULIAGE CONTROL & ELECTROSTATIC FIELD
INVESTIGATIONS
HASKINS, B, D, 90063201
WA1EH IRCATMENI PLANT OPEKATIONS AND LABORATORY
ANALYSES
NEW 77/11/16
Nfcw 78/02/22
INCH 78/03/13
$193,600
$29,736
08-y3"7d
PAGE
-------
MUNICIPALITY
PROJtCT DIRECTOR
FILLUN
GRANT NU
TYPE UF
SRANT
DATE OF
AMARU
AMOUNT UF
GRANT AMARU
Tlllt
COLORADO
**
COLORADO OEPT.
UENVt"
GEOH66 A PHINCE. SUPER
UONSISIS OF OBTAINING TRAINING
MANUALS * TEACHING A T>*U DAY SEMINAR.
NEW 7S/03/3U
J8,300
PAGE
-------
MflW«f OIMCTO* / WANT MO *W Of DAtf OT
FELLOU 6HANT *M»MO 6«»HT AMftNU
MUNICIPALITY TIlLt
•• RESEARCH ••
VALE UNIV. CHANG, R, B05«5»01 NtM 76/03/15 H»,»»8
CA»tM MAlAN MONltONlNC OF »UlFUftIC »C10,
»uirAie», SULFUR T*OXIDI t IULFUR DIOXIDE IN STACK EMISSION
08«03-7S
-------
APPLICANT PftOJeCT DJNECTOR / OKANT NO TYPE OF DAT! Of AMOUNT OF
FELLOW 6RANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
rtUNIClPAHTY TITLt
OECAHARE
•• RESEARCH **
DEUANARfc* UNIV. OF HEN80N, 0, 60510202 CONT 78/03/22 SUliltO
OF COlIFORM «6COV£«r 8Y TU«8IUITY
•* TRAINING **
DELAWARt OEPT OF N»l HES I tNV CONTHOL AUSTIN P. OLNEY OUJ12702 COMT 77/10/05 JBiOOO
UOVEH WASU**TlR TREATMENT OPEHATOR8 THAININ6
PAGfc t 0
-------
MUNICIPALITY
H»OJICT PIRICTOR
TJTU
GRANT NO TYU Of DATE OF AWOUN
BRANT AWARD 5R4NT
irw
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
•* RESEARCH **
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW INST,
WASHINGTON
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW I
WASHINGTON
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
WASHINGTON
ANDERSON, ROBEHT C,
EVALUAIIUN Of ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RESQUftCE
CONSERVAIION THROUGH RECYCLING
BU368001
TARLOCK, A. 0. BOUU6901
MANAGEMENT OF tNVRN, OUALITYIPHEPAHING
FOH lH»-LtMENTAilUN OF INTEGRATED REGIONAL PROGRAMS
ANOEHSON, R, 8U5799Q1
ANALYSIS OF SC«AH MATEHIAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND
INCR 77/J2/l«
INCR 78/02/27
NEW 77/12/29
IJ.9U7
PUBLIC TECHNOLOUYi INC,
WASHINGTON
SMITHSONIAN INST,
WASHINGTON
«* OEMONSTRATION »*
PUBLIC INTEMEST ECONOMICS CENTER
WASHINGTON
G, WADE 8U438501
STATUS Or OZONATION I CHLORINE DIOXIDE
TECHNOLOGIES FUR TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES
COHRELLi DAVID L, B04SJ601
NON-P01NI POLLUTION STUDIES ON AGRICULTURAL
LAND UBE'TYPES PREVALENT IN COASTAL PLAIN ZONE OF HD,
FEHGUSUN, ALLEN H,
CHARGING SOLID WASTE COSTS AT THE POINT
OF PNOUUtTION
8U4H1901
INCH 78/01/05
INCR 76/OS/31
INCH 77/12/29
I157»067
*« TRAINING **
AMERICAN INST HUN HtS, EDUC I TRAINING
WASHINGTON
AMERICAN PUdLIC HEALTH ASSOt,
CONSEHVATION
WASHINGTON
rLETCHtRf J. 9007«90l
8THENGIHENING LOCAL GOVT, CAPACITY TO PROVIDE
SAFE DKlNKlNG MATER
S.
HESUURtE CONSENVATION & HECOVEHY ACT Op
1976 FUR HEALTH i ENV, PERSONNEL
DAVltS.J.C.
TRAINING CONFE«ENCtS FOR THE OFFICE OF
TOXIC bUBSTANCt
90076801
9006290^
INCR 78/02/02
NEW 77/12/23
CONT 76/03/02
$19,575
1129,091
08-03-78
PAGE
11
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PRUJfcCr DIRECTOR /
mu
NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT Uf
CHANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
D.C..UEPT OF ENV SVCS
WASHINGTON
CHARLES E, ANDREWS
wASTtWATtR OPEHAIIONS SAFETY PROGRAM
OQJ1S001 NEW 77/10/05
17,000
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION FON,
WASHINGTON
WCNTWORTH, M,
CITIZENS NATE" COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
90077701
77/12/08
S«9,V79
ENVRN, ACTION FON,
WASHINGTON
INTERNATIONAL CITY HGMT. Assot,
WASHINGTON
LEAGUE OF CITIES-CONFERENCE OF MAYORS
WASHINGTON
or RCRA
MUNSON, R, 90072:01 INCH 7b/ui/io
ASSISTANCE TO STATE IMPLEMENTATION
HAKT, C.
SOLID KAbTE TELH. ASST, FON LOCAL GOV'T,
MGHS.
"ILLIAMS, LI A.
SOuIU ^AsTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
9u07d«01 NEW 78/03/10
90060701 INCH 78/01/05
176.758
$20,000
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS EOUC. FUND
WASHINGTON
O'MAHA, C,
208 *AIE* QUALITY MANAGEMENT PHOJECT
900*8502 CONT 77/U/23 *I2«»67|
LEAGUE uF WOMEN VOTERS EDUCATION FUND
WASHINGTON
NATIONAL ASSOC. OF CONSERVATION DI8TS,
WASHINGTON
NATIONAL ASSOC. OF COUNflES
WASHINGTON
NATIONAL ASSOC, OF COUNTIES RES. FON,
WASHINGTON
VALOES-COGLlANO, SALLY 90071501
PUBLIC EDUCATION TO SUPPORT HAZARDOUS I
SOLID »A»TE MGMT
UNGEH,DAVID G. 90074101
EVALUAiluN I TtCHNICAL TRANSFER TO IMPLEMENT
NPS PHASt OF 206 (208 NPS IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT)
MASLIN, W,
PROJECl 10 ASSIST LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO
IMPLEMtNi wASTfcWATER CONSTHUCTION PROJECTS
BULGER, THOMAS J.
TECHNJtAL ASSISTANCE FOR COUNTIES IN SOLID
WASTE
INCR 78/03/09
INCR 77/10/27
90057001 INCR 77/11/22
90065701 INCR 76/01/10
$9,933
$133.575
S2U9,95<»
$7»07«
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OUANT AWARD WfT^^WMD
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** TRAILING *•
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ASSOC, OF KEG. COUNCILS
WASHINGTON
NATIONAL ASSOC. OF Ht&IONAL COUNCILS
WASHINGTON
"EAV6.H, K,
PROPOSAL TO ASSIST WITH JMKL£M£^TA TION
OF CLE*N AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1977
*E8SUK, ft.
IMPLEMENTING wATEH QUALTIfY MANAGEMENT
PLANS
NEBSTEH, «.
REGIONAL COUNCILS AND SOLID HASTE
9U075701 INCH 7B/o2/l«
90077801 NEW 77/12/12
90078501
76/01/50
$60,MS
NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
WASHINGTON
NATIONAL "ILDLIFE FEU.
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NATIONAL
FfcDER,
FLETCHtR, J, 90074901 NEW 77/12/09
LOCAL UOVT, CAPACITY TO PROVIDE SAFE DRINKING
WATEH
HAMPTON, K, R,
RUWAL bOLlD *»ASTE MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
HAMPTON, K,
HCHA SlAlE PUBLIC EDUCATION
9U064101 INCH 78/01/10
90077301 NEW 77/12/23
»199,400
S59,00b
$66,000
PUBLIC TECHNOLOGV, INC.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION PHUJECT
G. 90076001
SfcMINARS-BEOUCTION Qf THlHALQMETHANt
IN UKINKJNG
PUHCfcLL, A,
PUBLIC A»AWENESS Of MUNICIPAL
LAND DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
90077001 NEW 77/12/19
J«9,707
08-U3-7B
PAGE U
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APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
met
6RANT NO TYPE OF
6HANT
DATE OP
AWARO
F L 0 R I 0 A
AMOUNT OF
CHANT ANAftU
*• KESEAKCH **
si,
TALLAHASSEE
FLORIDA SIAIE EPIDEMIOLOGY H£S. CTR.
GEOKC.E C, LEVY
HIGH StNSlTIVltY F! NMH STUDIES Of ENV,
TOXIC "AlEHIALS
"ELLINGS,
FOR PATHOGENIC NAEOLERIA
CUNT 70/01/}6
78/03/31
*36,B36
FLQHIJA STATE
TALLAHASSEt
MIAMI, UNIV. UF
CUHAL U
FLUHIOA, UUIV. UF
FLORIDA, UNIV, OF
PEN3ACOLA
** DEMONSTRATION **
. OF ENVWN, REGULATION
TALLAHASSEE
FLORIUA GAME & FRESH *AIEK FISH CUMM,
TAtLAHASSEt
LIVINCSTUN, H, J,
OF STATISTICAL METHODS
TO IDENTIFY TRUPHO-OYNAMIC INVOLVEMENT
BU52BB01
H, BOU3530S
STUHAGfc AND EXLH&TION OF HALOGENATED AND
NON HALOt»ENATEi» 0»G ANOPHOSHHQRUS PESTICIDES IN
O'ASARU, CHARLES
CYCLINU uF XENUBIOTICS THROUGH E8TUASIME
AND MAKINE SEDIMENTS
INCH T8/03/1U
CONT 76/01/27
CONT 76/03/lS
;, G, 80536601
WATER DUALITY * EUTROPHICATION STUDIES
IN SAN1A ROSA SOUND IN THE PROXIMITY OF ESCAMBIA t 3ANTAROSA
INCH 77/iZ/l«
FAHLtY, DAN
LAKE JACKSON NON. POINT SOURCE ABATEMENT
0. E.
LAKE AHQKKA RESTORATION PROJECT
B0«19101
INCK 78/01/10
7B/UI/06
I81»JOO
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AP
TITlt
Ftt'10*
UIRCCTOH /
CHANT NO TVff OF 0AT1 Of A*
GRANT AWARD (RANT AWARD
C E U H 5 I A
**
*»
GEORGIA INSl. OF TECH.
ATLANTA
GEUHG1A, UNIV. OF
GtOHGJA, UNIV. UF
SAPElO, ISLAND
POHLANP, F. 80195302 INCH 78/02/H
CONTKOLLtD UANUFILL STABILIZATION BY UEACHATE
KECYCLt
CONT 77/12/21
NEW 78/03/20
L.
CluUlD CHRUM»TUGHAMHIC OtTECTIUN
OETHjTuS DYNAMICS OF FOOD MEBS IN
I ADJACENT ESTUAHINt SYSTEM
>25rOOO
06.0J-7U
PAGt
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APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
TITLE
PROJECT DIRECTOR I
FELLOW
6NANT NO
TYPE OF
CHANT
DATE OF
AWARD
AMOUNT UF
GRANT AWARD
HAWAII
*• RESEARCH *•
UNIV. OF
KANEOHE
SMITH, 3.
HE8PON5E8 OF A TROPICAL ESTUARY TO RELAXATION
UF 3t»*Gt STRESS
•OJ9830J
CONT 7fl/0l/t»
•30,000
60J9830J
INCR 78/OJ/lO
1150,000
-------
MUNICIPALITY
DlftCCTO* /
TITLE
0RANT NO TYM OF BAH OK
GRANT ANARO
GRANT
ILLINOIS
** RESEARCH **
CHICAGO METRO. SAN. DIST.
CHICAGO
IIT RESEARCH 1NST.
CHICAGO
ILLINOIS' UNIV. OF
URBANA
BRAXTON, J. S, 805*2901
ENVRN CHANGES AGRICULTURAL BENEFITS FROM
USING «U
-------
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT UF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AWARD
TITLt
I N U I A N A
** RESEARCH **
EVAN8V1LLE, CITY OF
fcVANSylLLE
INDIANA UNIV,
INDIANAPOLIS
"ILLS, D. 8. 80490201 INCR
PREVfcNIluN QF FORMATION AND REMOVAL OF
HALOGENAIED ORGANIC USING CMLOHINE DIOXIDE AND GRANULAR CARON
RANDOLPH, J,
OHIO RiVeR BASiN ENERGY STUDY PHASE
80560901
INCR 77/U/lfc
*15,BOO
PURDUE KES.
"(E8T LAFAYETTE
BAILEY, H,
OHIO RIVtR BA31N STUDY PHASE tl
80560101 INCR 77/11/16
*30,UOO
PURDUE UNIV.
N, LAFAYETTE
30MHEBS, L.
CHARACTEKIZATIUN OF METAL COMPLEXES IN
SE-AI.E SLUDGE
B04S4702 INCR 78/01/06
I30»000
PACE
-------
..AMUfl
MUNICIPALITY
0"*CTOH
TITLE
6HANT NO TYPE OF
GRANT
o ATI or
AMARD
GRANT AWARD
I 0 w A
*• RESEARCH **
AMES, CITY OF
AMES
IOMA STATE UNIV
AMfS
IOMA STATE UNIV.
AMES
IOMA STATE UNIV,
CHANTLAND, A,
EVALUAlIUN OF AMES SOLID *A8TE RESOURCES
I ENERtoY RECOVERY SYSTEM
HALL, C.
METHUOS fOR DISPOSAL OF EXCESS PESTICIDES
USED BY rARMERS
60390303
80053302
80410202
CONT 78/03/03
INCR 78/01/05
JOHNSON,,H.
OEVEL, ( TESTING OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS
AS MUM I, TOOLS FOR AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT POLLUTION CONTROL
INCR 77/11/22
DAVIS, C.
MARSHES AS NUTRIENTS SINKS FQH
SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL *UN-OFr
80582601
NEW 78/03/27
1900,000
»16,U87
IZ4.825
•23,032
IOWA STATt CONSERVATION CQMM,
l)ES MOiNES
ALBRIGHT, T .
KESTURATION PROJECT
8U556B01
NEW 77/U/10
1372,900
PAGE
-------
PRUjtCT DIHECTQM /
FELLO*
TITLt
CHANT NQ TYPl OF DATE UF AMOUNT OF
5RANT AMARU GRANT AMARU
KENTUCKY
INTERSTATE MINING COMPACT CUMM,
LEXINGTON
KENTUCKY* UNIV. OF
LEXINGTON
OF
80«UING» K.
AUDIO-VISUAL INSTRUCTIONAL counst
ON SURFACE MINING i THE
ROBERT a,
CHARbEu wEMBHANE UF & SULFIOE P»tCIPITATION
TO TW£AT NONFEKR'JUS METAL PRODUCTION BASTES
UCxlNGTON
OHIO
t)LOMfc> 0,
BASIN ENERGY STUOYI PHASE li
80497202 CONT 78/02/17
INCH 77/ll/tO
INCR 77/11/21
LOUISVULt. UNIV. OF
LOUISVILLE
E,
IMPACT ASSESSMtNT OF ENERGY CONVERSION
FACILIIUS IN THE OHIO RIVER BASINl PMASt II
INCR 77/11/16
IJUfOOO
-------
P«H1€T OIHICTOK
fl«*NT NO T¥»« Of 0»tf W
GRANT AWARD
MUNICIPALITY
TITUt
LOUISIANA
GRANT AMARU
** RESEARCH **
PARISH
JEhFfcRSON
aROOTMANN, NOEL V.
CRANULAR ACTIVATED CARbON STUDIES
80457101 INCR 77/10/25
130(061
LOUISIANA STATE UNIV. & Akh CULLEUE
t^UUGE
PELQN, WILLIAM 60016603
CAHCiNuGtN DETtCTION IN HUbLJC w*TER SUPPLIES
& SOURuEa WITH'MAMMALIAN CELL MONITOHS
INCR 76/01/20
S<|2|059
08-OJ-7B
-------
APPLICANT PROJECT DIRECTOR / GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
FCLLOM GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
MUNICIPALITY TITLE
MARYLAND
** RESEARCH **
JOHN HOPKINS UNIV. LAK3MMANAN, T. 80580001 NEW 78/03/1J S11.J07
bALTIMUHfc PROPOSAL TO PRtPARE A HOOK ON 3EA3 MODEL
AND POLKY APPLICATIONS
** TRAINING **
MARYLAND OEPT OF HEALTH t MENTAL HYG JACK w. KEHNS oo3U2oi NEW 77/10/05 no/ooo
TREATMtNl PLANI OPERATOR TRAINING
-------
MUNICIPALITY
PHQJICT DIKICTOK /
TITLt
GRANT NO TYPI OF
GRANT
OATI QP
AWARD
AH9UNT «f
GRANT AWARU
** RESEARCH **
ARTHUK 0. LITTLE* INC.
CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD COLLEGE
CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD COLLEGE
CAMBRIDGE
OE FIL1PPI, R. P, 80455401
PROCESS i-OR ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION
t FOR «CiOVERY~OF HARZAROOUS PESTICIDE WASTE
HERRMANN* JOHN 60336003
iDENTirH.ATION AND DETECTION OF HATER-BORNE
VIRUSES bY IMMONQENZYMATIC METHODS
FIRST, M, 8047000*;
HIGH VtLwCITY f-AaRK FILTRATION
INCR 78/02/07
CONT 77/11/21
INCH 7S/Q2/21
$108,666
$50,000
$29,349
HARVARD UNIV.
CAMBRIDGE
MARLBOROUGH, CITY OF
MAKLBOROUGH
BRAIN, J,
EFFECTS OF 302 AND SULFATES ON RESPIRATORY
SHARON, P,
HIGH OHUNE ZONt DISINFECTION STUDY
80509102 CONT 78/02/16
60494601
INCR 77/11/10
$eo,uoo
$62,iOO
MASSACHUSETTS UNIV. MEDICAL SCHOOL
N, HURCHtSTER
blACKLOw, N,
DETECTION OF VIRAL GASTRQENTERITIES AGtNTS
80516902
CONT 78/03/27
149,083
MASSACHUSETTS, UNIV, OF
AMHERST
MASSACHUSETTS, UNIV. OF
AMMEHST
M.ETA SYSTEMS INC,
CAMBRIDGE
ENGLAND AUUARIUM
dOSTUN
DEGIANO, FRANCIS
SHORT UOURSE ON APPLICATION OF STORMWATEK
MANAGEMENT MODtLS
TUTHILL Rtw.
HUMAN M£»LTH EFFECTS OF ELEVATED DRINKING
MATEH SOulUM LEVELS
60306901
80561201
BURDEN, R( P. 8U503601
HATER UU«LITY IMPACT l> SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
OF RtOuCiNG NONPOINT SOURCfc POLLUTION FROM AGRI .
MCLEOD, G,
OCEAN UI8P, TEST PROGRAM FOR TREATED FGD
MATERIALS
80565401
INCR 78/01/06
78/02/13
INCR 76/02/24
NEW 77/11/16
$112*339
$9,858
$29,960
08-01-7B
PAGt
23
-------
APPLICANT
rr
TITLt
PROJtCT DIRECTOR /
FELLOw
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
MASSACHUSETTS
•* RESEARCH *»
ENGLAND FISHERIES STEERING CQMM.
NORTHEASTERN UNIV.
BOSTON
8ALEM t BEVERLY NATES SUPPLY BOASO
6EVERLY
** DEMONSTRATION **
BOSTON, CITY OF
IJOSTUN
MASSACHUSETTS METROPOLITAN DIST. COMM.
BOSTON
NlCKfcRSON, M,
ELECFRuCnEMICAL COAGULATION STUDY FOR FISH
MAS1E«ATER
BLANC, F, C. 8U457B01
CHARAC IE*IZATIUN OF SOL IDS" BEHA' VIOR IN
ANO VAKIA8ILITY TESTING OF SELECTED CONTROL TECHNIQUES
J,K,
EFFECTS UF TU«OIOITY ON BACTERIAL COUNTS
AND COLUORM ENUMERATION IN WATER OISTHUJUTION SYSTEM
SCALES, CHARLES 80579501
UF S*IHL * H6LICAL BEND REGULATORS
AS STOKM SEWER CONTROL DEVICES
FERULLO, A, F.
"YSTIC LAKE SALT WATER REMOVAL
60SOZ901
INCH 76/01/19
INCH 78/01/05
CONT 77/10/25
NEW 78/03/27
NEW 77/11/21
SISO,<»66
IJUiOOO
$320,900
W.H, GRACE I CO.
LEXINGTON
** TRAINING **
CHILDERN'S MUSEUM
BOSTON
PECEVICH, JOHN 604)5001
TREATMtNl OF WASTE»ATERS FRQM ADHESIVE3
I SEALANiS MANUFACTURE 9Y ULTRAFILTRATION
GUHIAN, E, 90077601
MA9IE GENERATION (DISPOSAL
1NCR 78/OJ/1U
78/01/05
-------
I rr
TITLE
FELLO*
DlRICTQft / flIUNT NO T»»f Or 0»T« Of *«Ot)«ff*W;
GRANT AMARD GRANT AMARU
MICHIGAN
** «ES£A«C* **
CRANBrtOu* I'lST, OF SCI.
HILLS
CRANHHOu* I^ST. OF SCIENCE
dLUOMFlELO MILLS
HAZAHUOuS MATERIAL tONTHOL *ES.
SOjTMFIELU
, UNIV.
MQuGhTUM
UNIV. OF"
Of' NUT"iE-«TS &
IN SAGjNAW BAY /Ml
, VAN ELLIOT
MATERIALS
SUNVtY Q^
SMITH, VAN ELLIOT
HA^AHOOUS MATERIALS
HAY
AN.x
USHEK, o.
THt 1<»;8 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL
UF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
KENT, JAMES A,
UTILITY OF UET OXIDATION IN THE TREATMENT
UF HAZARDOUS OKGANIC WASTES
BAMTMAN, F. t.
PATn Alk POLLUTION MONITUH EVALUATION
ao«<»«203
80522301
80556&01
CONT 78/03/30
INCH 78/U2/13
INCH 78/03/27
NEW 78/03/22
INCH 78/01/06
$15,000
S40/UOO
(JOfOQO
MICHIGAN, UNIV. UF
ANN ARbOR
. OF
ANN
N, UNIV. OF
ANN
ANN
UNIV. OF
, UF
MANCY, K, 8U4B3402
DEVELOKMtNT & APPLICATION UF AN OZONE VOLTAMtTWIC
80512502
60514602
80533J01
80572101
ANN
8EAUDOIN, A.
OEVELOl-MtNT OF VITHO TEST SYSTEM EVALUATION
OF TtRATuGENS
SICKU'UOAO, L
HEAVY «EIAL ACLU^ULATIUN IN BENTHIC ALCAL
COMH.
MOZLEY, S,
ASSESSMENT OF int PRESENT STATUS OF
MICRU-1NVEHTEBHATES IN LAKE
5TEUMAN, D,
CHEMICAL AMPLIFIERS AS ODD HYUKOGEN HAUICAL
UEFELTUH6
CONT 77/11/22
CONT 76/03/02
CONT 78/01/30
INCR 78/03/10
NEW 76/03/22
150,<60
133,532
J7/S69
Ofl-03"7«
PAGE
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT DIRECTOR X
FELLOW
TITLt
GKANT NO TYPE OF DATE Of AMOUNT (if
GRANT AMARU 6SANT AWARD
H I C H I G A N
MICHIGAN, UNlV, OF
ANN
30UTHt«N MISSISSIPPI, UNIV, OF
HATTIESdURU
** DEMONSIRATION **
PORO M010H CO,
6,
CHARACTERIZATION UF CHEAT
LAKES KH?TOP|_AMKTON POPULATIONS
FISHtS
MAHTIN, HIlLY J,
UF PtTHOLIiUM COMPOUNDS ON ESTUARlNfc
QEALtH, H,
TKEATMENT OF UltY
60579601
80«52701 INCH 77/U/30 Ife0>000
6U417U02 INCH ll/\\tZi S84,UOO
**
MICHIGAN,
ENV. ACT, ED, FUN.
CONNtR, R,
CITUEN tDUCATlON H ACTIVITY
90077201 NEW 78/01/09
** FELUUWSHIPS **
MICHIGAN recn, UN
CIVIL
WILLIAMS, 0.
91116101 NEW 78/03/15
96,000
-------
0!RECTOR X
rmt
e»»NT NO TYPE OF
GRANT
DATE tfF
AWARD
A'MOUNT "Of
GRANT AMARU
** RESEARCH **
MJNNE301A STATE 0£PT OF HEALTH
MINNEAPOLIS
MINNESOTA, UNIV, UF
ST. PAUL
LAWSON, «,
HEALTH InPACT STUDIES OF MINERAL FIBERS
IN TM£ OuLUTH nun, WATER SuPPLv
WHITbY, K.
FOLIATION OF AIMijSPHERK AtROSOLS
80542801
8U365103
INCR 78/03/02
INCH 78/U2/22
199,000
MINNESOTA, ONIV. OF
MINNEAPOLIS
MINNESOTA, JNIV. UF
ST. PAUL
SMITH, LLOYO L, 80«50101
EFFECT Of TEMPtWATURt ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL
OF WHHE SUCKEK
HARRISS, 0. 80499602
WATER yu«LITY CRITERIA USING CHEMICAL MODELS
INCR 76/01/16
INCR 77/12/19
136,243
MINNESOTA, UNIV, OF
ST. PAUL
, UNIV. OF
ST. PAUL
RAMSEY CNTY,
ST. PAUL
ROME, R. G.
KEYE'S STNOROMb V TISSUE ORGANOCHLORIDE3/
UTHEK CHtMlCAL'RESIOUES
80512601
STEFAN, H, 80567B01
OXYGEN PKQDUCTiON, LOSS, EXCHANGE & TRANSPORT
KATES iN MERS HELO CHANNELS
ANKLAN, U,
UETAILtO EVALUATION OF LONC. LAKE
80568101
INCR 78/02/13
78/02/06
NEW 78/01/06
133,145
$33,064
1225,000
** DEMONSTRATION *•
CNTY. PAkK RESERVE DIST.
MAPLE PLAINS
COCHRAN, D, K,
RESTURATiON OF HYLANO LAKE
60470701
76/01/06
** FELLOWSHIPS *•
MINNESOTA, UNIV, OF
MINNEAPOLIS
MACK6Y, 3,
HEALTH-FULL TIME
91104001
INCR 78/02/06
1216
08-03-76
PACE
27
-------
MUNICIPALITY
TITLE
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT UF
CHANT AWARD GRANt AWARU
i 8 8 1 S 3 I P P I
** RESEARCH **
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,
MISSISSIPPI STAT
M»I KUO, C, 60525101 NEW 78/03/32
KEACTIUN OF DISSOLVED POLLUTANTS IN AQUEOUS
SOLUTluNB
ISOiOOO
06-0J-7tt
PAGE
-------
MUNICIPALITY
TITLt
F6LLOM
MANT NO TWt OF
GRANT
0«Tt OF
AMARU
GRANT AMARU
MISSOURI
** RESEARCH **
MIDME8T HE8. IN3T,
KANSAS CITY
MISSOURI, UNJV, OF
COLUMBIA
WASHINGTON UNIV,
ST. LOUIS
LIU* B. 80559601
SOCIUELOwOMIC * ENVN. IMPACTS OF LAKt IMPROVEMENT
PROJtCjS
O'CONNOR, J, S044440J
BIOLOGICALLY MtOlATED CORROSION I DETERIORATION
OP WATtR OUALITV IN WATER OIST. SYS.
MUSAN, R. a.
SULfUH BUDGET IN LARGE PLUMES
60109602
NEW 78/02/m
CONT T8/03/15
INCR
151.060
144,000
** DEMONSTRATION »*
MISSOURI UEPT. OF NATURAL HESOUHCES
JEFFtRSON CITY
KAKCH, K.
L**ES "tSTORATION PROJECT
80528401
NEW 76/01/10
150.000
MOBERLY, CITY OF
CALVIN, J,
LAKE KEHABILITATIUN
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APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT DIRECTOR / GRANT NO TYPE Of DATE Of AMOUNT Of
FELLOW GRANT AWARD GRANT
TITLt
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MONTANA STATE UNIV.
BOIEHAN
MONTANA, UNIV, uf
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POLSON
MCFETERS, GORDON 6US36301
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PETEKSON, DONALD
LAKE MART RONAN RESTORATION
80491401
INCH 78/05/37
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NE« 77/11/15
150,000
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CREIGHTJN UNIV. rteLL3» I, C, 8o«58b<^ CONT 78/03/09
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PAGE 33
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
TITLE
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
NEW YORK
*« RESEARCH **
NATIONAL STANDARDS IN3T,
YORK
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGKS.
CORNELL UNIV.
ITHACA
CORNELL UNIV.
JTrtACA
AN AEROSPACE CORP.
ME IHHA»iE
MANHATTAN COLLEGE
dHONX
STATfc UEPT, OF HE<M
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NEW YORK UNIV. MEDICAL CTK.
YOKK
KESNICK, I
SECRETARIAT ACIIVITIES OP INTERNATIONAL
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60570601
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ANALYSIS OF NU1RIENT I TOXIC CHEMICAL FLUXES
IN GREAT LAKES SEDIMENTS
HARMAM, T. 6U468902
COMPARIIVE KINtTlC STUDIES OF NUTRIENT
UPTAKE & GROWTH IN THE GREAT LAKtS PHYTOPLANKTUN
HEMATOLOUC
GOLDSTEIN, 8,
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF ARSlNE
60571101
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80163602 CQNT 77/11/21
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CONT 78/03/27
INCH 78/01/30
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H POLYTECHNIC
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NE* YORK
** RESEARCH **
ST, LA««e7
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08-03-78
PAGE
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
TITLt
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OP AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AWARD
NORTH CAROLINA
•* RESEARCH **
DUKE UNJV,
OUWHAM
DUKE
aEAUFOHT
OUKE UNIV.
DURHAM
OUKE UNIV,
OUKHAM
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV,
RALEIGH
NORTH CAROLINA STATt
4ALEIGH
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
RALEIGH
BUZZ*RU, G. H, 8010180J
DEVELOPMENT OF A TwO STAGE PARTICLE FRACTIONATOR
«V FIL1RATION IMROUGH NUCLtPORE SURFACES
SUTHtRLANO, JOHN P,
EFFECTS UF THERMAL ADDITIONS ON DYNAMICS
UF FUUUlNG COMMUNITIES AT ttEAUFORT, NC
LOCHMULER, CHARLES
STUDIES "ELATED TO THE ORGANIC CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SAMPLES
RIMER, A.
UTILIZATION OF WRAP MODEL TO EVALUATE SOURCE
SEPARATION
FERREL. JAMES K,
TEST t EVALUATION OF A PILOT PLANT COAL
GAS CLEANING FACILITY
CYTOLOGK.AL EFFECTS OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO
POTENTiACLY HUTAGENIC ENVIRONHENTALPOLLUTANT8
HUMENJK, P. J,
POLLUTION FROM RURAL LAND RUNOFF
8UJ85603
605U9U01
8U581J01
80081 101
6U57J901
60JJZ603
INCR 78/oa/u
CONT 77/J2/05
INCR 78/OJ/ZO
NEW 78/02/H
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NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OP
CHAPEL HILL
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
RALEIGH
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
CHARLOITE
SOBSEY, H, 80421803
EVALUATE TENTATIVE STANDARD METHODS FOR
ENTERIC VIRUS CONCENTRATION i DETECTION IN DRINKING MATER
HEBEM, A,
ANALYSIS OF TOWER MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENCE
FOR NONUNIFQRM FETCHES
00427601
WILLIAM M,
STUDY UF CONVEHTER MATERIALS t ORGANIC
INTERFERENCE IN NO-NO* MONITORS
CONT 77/12/05
INCR 77/11/16
INCR 78/OJ/20
11.700
-------
MUNICIPAL!rr
__JCJ OIMCTOH /
TITLE
NORTH CAROLINA
AMARU GRANT
** HESEARCH **
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
CHAPEL
NOHTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
HILL
NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV, OF
CHAPEL
FOX, D,
PHOTUC*E«ICAL STUDY OF NQX
STACK i*A«ES
60«7«002 CONT 77/11X23
SINGER, PHILIP C, 60491702
ASSESSMENT I CONTROL Of wASTEWATtR CONTAMINANTS
U«UIN»T1NG FflUM PHOOUCTION OF SYNTHETIC FUELS
CAH8UN MONOXIDt AND ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS
INCR 78/03/31 »U9»«29
60495902 CONT T7/U/21 $102,030
NORTH CAROLINA, Uulv, OF
CHAPCL HILL
JEFFtHIES, H.
UUTOUOK 6IMOLAUON OF AlH POLLUTION
80572601 NE* 78/01/30
$90,000
06-03-78
PAGE 37
-------
APPLICANT
TITL6
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
GKANT NO TYPE Of DATE Of AMOUNT OF
GRANT AWARO GRANT ANARU
NORTH DAKOTA
** TRAINING **
NORTH DAKOTA STATS 0EPT OF HEA
NORMAN PETERSON* OIREC 00620601 NEM 78/01/03
|RtATM£N( PLANT OPERATOR TRAINING
SB,400
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8U567501
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BATTELLE
COLUMBUS
INST,
CASE «ESftRN RESEKVE UNIV.
CLEVELAND
CHRIST HOSPITAL INST.
CINCINNATI, CITY OF
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HEALTH RiSK UF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO WASTE*A
CINCINNATI, UNIV. OF
CINCINNATI
CINCINNATI, UNJV, OF
CINCINNATI
OAYTON, UNIV. OF
DA*TUN
NATIONAL WATER WELL ASSOC.
WOKTHINGTON
GARRETT, P. 6u575b01
HHUCtSS AUTOMATION INVtSTIGATIONS FOR tNVIHONMtN1AL
LOPEH, J. 80557601
ANU cAHCiNoOENtsis CHARATEKZATION
JF OKGANiCS IN OKI^^ING WATtK
HECHT, NORMAN Li 80442101
INVESTIGATION UF CONCEPTS FOR IMPROVING
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LEHR, J. 80574701
FOURtH NATIONAL GROUNDwATEH QUALITY SYMPOSIUM
NEW 78/02/14
NEW 77/12/2J
INCR 77/12/12
NEW 78/01/16
$66,595
$42,822
0«-03-7t>
PAGE
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
TITLE
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE OP AMOUNT OP
GRANT AWARD GRANT AWARD
OHIO
*• RESEARCH **
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RES.
OHIO STATE UNIV.
COtUHBUS
OHIO STATE UNIV.
COLUMBUS
OHIO STATt UNIV.
COLUMBUS
LINDUUIST, R, 80557101
INTEURATtO PESI MGMT ON SELECTED GREENHOUSE
I FLURICULTUHAL CROPS
GALVEST, J, 60434803
KINETK STUDY UF SIMULATED 802 NOX, RH.PULLUTEO
ATMOSPHERES
COURI, 0,
BIOLOGICAL ADEUUACY AND TOXKITY OP
COMPOUND FROM FOOD AND
80548701
GORDAN, S.
OHIO RlVtK BASJN ENGERY STUDY PHASE 11
NEW 78/OS/J1
CONT
77/il/lO
S0558901 IMCH 77/11/15
110,000
190,000
176,TSO
130,000
OHIO STATE UNIV. RES. FDN.
COLUMBUS
** OEiONSTRATION **
FARM BUKEAU DEVELOPMENT CU«P.
COLUMBUS
»* TRAINING **
OHIO ENVIKONMENTAL COUNCIL
OHIO STATt UNIV, RES, FDN,
COLU43US
SPROUL, 0, 8U577101
CRITICAL REVIEW OF VIRUS REMOVAL BY COAGULATION
AND PH
HILL, J. «. 8u5J»V01
DEMONSTRATE TO MUNICIPALITIES I OHIO LANDOWNERS
ACCEPTABLE SYSTEMS FOR APPLYING SLUDGE ON LAND
SATT6RTHWAITE, 8,
CONFERtNUEl HAZARDOUS "ASTE MGMT, IN TrtE
STATfc UF"OHIO
HOME, N. 9U071U01
INFOKMATiON COLLECTION, ANALYSIS i DISbEMIN ATIUN
78/02/17
INCH 78/02/37
90078701 NEW 76/03/37
INCH 77/11/acJ
$4,000
111,381
** FELLOWSHIPS **
CINCINNATI, UNIV, Of
CINCINNATI
M,S,/ENVHN.
SHOEMAKEH, JtRNY L,
FULLTIME
INCH 78/02/06
-------
MUNICIPALITY
nut
FELLOW
GKANT NO
TYPE OF
GRANT
DATE Of
AWARD
AHUUNI ur
GRANT AMARU
OKLAHOMA
»* RESEARCH *»
EA8T CENTRAL OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV.
ADA
LANGS10N UNIV.
LANGSTON
OKLAHOMA STATE UEPT, OF HEALTH
OKLAHOMA CITY
«0we» H, 80515102
oi39tMiNATiQN UF INFORMATION CONCERNING
ANIMAL PHODUCUON 6FFECT8 ON ENVIRONMESTA QUALITY
FRANKS, w. 0U432302
RECLAMATION OF HEAVY-METAL "CONTAMINATED
SOILS
HALLi OEMPSEt 80170101
AOVANCtD BIOLOUICAL TREATMENT (AQUACULTUKE)
Of MUNICIPAL «A8rE«ATEHS
CONT 70/02/06
CONT
INCH 78/03/15
JU7/U02
155/^00
IBOrUOO
PAGE
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
PROJECT OIHECTQH /
TITLt
GKANT NO TYPfc OF DATE OF AMOUNT UF
GRANT ArtARD GRANT AMARU
OREGON
** RESEARCH «•
STATE UNIV,
COKVALLIS
OREGOU STATE UNIV.
COHVALLIS
OREGON STATfc UNIV.
COHVALLIS
HOGG, T,
LAKE VANCOUVER WASHINGTON SOCI*L IMPLICATION
UF L*Ke HESTOKATlOM PRUGKAM
bUMLE«. 0,
AVAILABILITY Oe C»OMIUH TO RATS FROM CHOPS
uN CADMIUM ENRICnEl) SOILS
GIBBS, K.
ECONOMIC IMPACf OF LAKt RESTORATION
BU577401
6USt)6t01
INCR 78/01/05
Ntw 78/03/06
Nt« 78/U3/09
$5,639
$100*000
PORTLANU STATE UNIV.
POHTLAND
O'BRIEN, R,
INVESTIGATION UF AHOMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN PMOIOLHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION
60476402
CONT 77/11/15
$50,000
oft— u *\— T rt
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FELLOW
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GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
TI rLt
PENNSYLVANIA
** RESEARCH **
DHEXEL UNIV.
PHILADELPHIA
FRANKLIN
PHILADELPHIA
STATE UNIV.
iv PAKK
PENNSYLVANIA STATE
Y PARK
KOERNEH, ft. M,
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PREPARATION OF HTE INDUSTRAIL TECHNOLOGY
dULLtTiN VOL 5 & INPUT TO WHSJC DATA StVICE
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PANOhSKY
ASPECTS uF MOOtLING URBAN AIH QUALITY
BuSbOOOl NEW 77/12/05
80J65102 INCH 78/01/19
80St»«UOJ
78/01/JO
150,900
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV.
V PAHl*.
ATHES, R, 8U565901 NEW 77/12/29 >87»088
:IEUHULUGICAL MODELS FOH AIH OUALITY STUDIES
PlTTSbUKGH, UdIV, Of
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OHIO RjVtR BASIN ENEHGY STUUY PHASE II
8U560801 INCH 77/11/23
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Pll TSUUHC,h
SYKQHA, J,
* ANALYSIS & TOXICMY OF ALGAL
«, BACTtSlAL ENJOTOXlNS
80575«Ql NEW 78/01/10
J7B,160
** DEMONSTRATION **
PENNSYLVANIA UEHT. ENV. WES.
FRIEDRICH, A,
1IUGA Klv£R DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
6U578U01 INCH 77/12/29
*M£HICAN uA« INST,/AMERICAN BAR AS30C,
PHILADELPHIA
MACLAY, D.
3UPPOR1 uF PUBLIC INTEREST ENVHN. L*«*YE»3
ING IN ENV«N, LAM
90078101 NEW 78/02/01
S25rOOO
08-03-7U
PAGE
-------
APPLICANT PROJECT DIRECTOR / CHANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT OF
FELLOW GRANT AWARD URANT AMARU
MUNICIPALITY TITLt
PENNSYLVANIA
** TRAINING **
PENNSYLVANIA DEPT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS HILLIAM M, WILCOX OOJIOBOJ CONT 77/10/05 110,000
HAHftlSBUKG MATEK POLLUTION CONTROL TRAINING
-------
APPLICANT
IV
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
TITUt
GRANT NO TYPi OF DATE OF AMOUNT UF
CHANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
SOUTH CAROLINA
** RESEARCH **
CLEMSUN UNIV.
** FELLUnSHIPS **
SOUTH CAROLINA, UNtV, OF
GAUDI3, J,
(RATION FOR SEPARATION OF TOXICS
IN TtXIUE PROCESS
PEARSON, OTTO E,
80^77701 NtH 78/01/09 $6
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
rlTLt
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
FELLOW
CHANT NO TYPE OF DATE OF AMOUNT UF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AwARU
50UTH DAKOTA
«* RESEARCH **
80UTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV.
tJRUOKlNGS
DORNBUSH, J, 80300402 INCH 78/03/15
IION LAND TREATMENT OF STABILIZATION
POND EcFtUENT
-------
*PPt JC*IVT
HUMCIPALITY
TITLE
PROJECT OIRECTOH
FELLOW
BHANT NO
TYPt OF
GRANT
DATE UP
AWARD
AMUUNT UF
CHANT AMARU
** RESEARCH **
VANOCK8IU ONIV,
NA3HVIULE
HAYE8, H,
SOUK ON IOX1COLOGY OF PESTICIDES
8U«66502
CONT 77/10/35
170*000
** TRAINING **
VANDEHBILT UNIV.
NASHVILLE
HOTM, J. A, 90063001
INSTR * PHACTICAL EXEHCISES PERSONAL
SAFETY I ON.SCtNE COORDINATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL
INCH 78/01/25
08-03-7B
PACE
-------
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
TITLt
PROJECT DIRECTOR /
fELLUW
CHANT NO TYPE OF
URANT
DATE OF
AMARU
T t X A 5
AMOUNT UF
GRANT AMARU
** RESEARCH **
NORTH TfcXAS STATE UNIV.
OENTQN
TEXAS AIM nes FUN,
COLLEGE STATION
GLA/fc, W, 80547201
AN OPTIMIZATION OF THE UE METHOD fO« TH£
ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE HALIDES IN DRINKING MATER
1RGOLIC, K, 804771402
8PEC1ATIUN OF AH8ENIC IN WATER SUPPLIES
Ntw 77/10/25
CUNT 77/10/H7
153,113
TEXAS AIM RES, FON,
COLLEGE STATJON
TEXAS AIM RES, FDN.
COLLEGE STATION
TEXAS SOUTHERN UNIV.
HOUSTON
BRIGHT, T,
EFFECTS uF DRILLING FLUIOS AND OIL IN C.OHALS
OCCUPYANU HARD flANH COMMUNITIES
TEXAS, UNIV, OF
AUSTIN
SUMMERS, M,
bACULOVlRUS PESTIC1DESI IDENTIFICATION
OF MA«HE«S FOR GENETIC STUDIES
WILSON, K,
LOW T£"P, CONOtNSERS IN DETERMINATION OF
HIMMELBLAU, D,
OF SULFUH oioxioe IN AEROSOLS
8o5«410l
80594701
B05T7201
INCH 77/10/27
78/02/2a
NEW 78/03/27
CONT 78/02/07
12,007
IBS,000
J30.717
150,000
TEXAS, UNIV, OF
AUSTIN
GIBSON, o,
BIOOtGKAwATION OF CHLORINATED OI8EN20FU«AN8
80452502
CONT 77/12/05
$28,000
** DEMONSTRATION *•
GUADALUPE BLANCU RIVER AUTH.
SECiUIN
SPECHT, J,
LAKE MUQUEENEY LAKE RESTORATION PROJECT
80550401
NEW 77/11/15
1120,000
** TRAINING **
Rice UNIV.
HOUSTON
WARD, C. H. 90017507
TRAINING IN MATCR SUPPLY t POLLUTION CONTROL
INCK 78/Ot/lO
9211,537
PAGE.
-------
•1UNICIPALI TV
PROJECT DT H EC
rELLOW
G~RTOTT NTO TYPE OF DATE OF
GRANT AWARD
TITLt
VIRGINIA
AMOUNT OF
GRANT AMARU
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NORFOLK STATE COLLEGE
NOWFOL*
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC
dLACKSaURG
VIRGINIA, MEOICAL COLLEGE OF
GEORGE, A, 811376502
PHOTON CuRRELAlION LASfcH OOPPLtR SPECTH03COPY
IN-SITU u£TE»HiNAT10N SIZE SOUHCE EMISSION
UNIV. HQEHN, R, C,
PAHAMEffUC ASSESSMENT I OPTIMISATION OF
VOLATILE ORGANIC ANALYSIS METHODS
UQflZELLECA, J.
OF PESTICIDES IN SALIVA
1NCR 78/02/06
80486401 INCH
804J1S03 CONT 77/12/30
WILLIAM i, MARY COLLEGE
•* TRAINING •*
IZAAK WALTON LEAGUE UF AMERICA
ARLING10N
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TYHEfc, S, Y.
STANUANDB FOR t, METHODS OF ANALYSIS
HAJN*AI£X FOH ACIDITY
LOHENZ, J,
SLUDOE & HESOUHCt CONSERVATION
ACT"
THOMAS M PETTY
TNG NM KLANT UPt«ATORS
INCH 77/U/30 IU»470
90075401 NEW 77/12/29
0011100J CONT 77/10/05 »10,UOO
** FtLLUrtSHJPS **
VIRGINIA COMMQNwEALIH UNIV,
d.
SCIENCE
"ACE, K,
INCH 78/U1/19
VIRGINIA CO'1MON»*EAL1H UNIV.
f-OHTNEH, LIMON E.
CERTIFICATION IN INFO, SYS.
INC«
OB-03-7H
PAGE 49
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APPLICANT
ir
TITLt
PROJECT DIR6CTOR t
FELLOW
WASHINGTON
GRANT NO TYPE OF DATE Of AMOUNT UF
GRANT AWARD GRANT AMARU
** RESEARCH **
VIRGINIA MASON RESEARCH CTR.
SEAT fLE
O'AOUST, BRIAN G.
CONUNUUS MONITORING OF TOTAL DISSOLVED
GAS
8U417502 INCH 78/02/27
136,012
WASHINGION STATt UNIV,
PULLMAN
iTATE
WASHINGTON STATE
PULLMAi
, OF
SEATTLE
WASHINGTON, UMV, OF
SEATTLE
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WASHINGTON, UNIV, OF
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WISCONSIN, UNIV, OF
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NORTH CAROLINA, UNIV. OF
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PUBLIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
ILLINOIS, UNIV. DF
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LAKE COUNTY PLANNING BD
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APPLICANT
N£w ENGLAND FISHERIES STEEPING
DUKE UNIV.
GUADALUPE BLANCO RIVER AUTH,
OREGON STATE UNIV.
CONTRA COSTA CNTY. HEALTH DEPT.
MICHIGAM TECH, UNIV.
I3WA STATE CONSERVATIUN COMM.
LOUISVILLE, UNIV. OF
OHIO AGRICULTURAL RES,
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OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE
WISCONSIN, UNIV. OF
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ILLINOIS. UNIV. OF
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PITTSBURGH, UNJV. OF
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PUBLIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC.'
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NATIONAL "ILOLIFE FEOER,
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GRANT
9o077b«01 0
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800188
The objective is to detect the presence of carcinogens in municipal
water supplies and sources, utilizing bacterial and mammalian cell monitors.
Pilot investigations were conducted with dilute concentrations of carcinogens
using the genetic markers of enhanced streptomycin resistance, and histidine
dependence with mutant strains of Salmonella typhirnurium. Parallel studies
are being conducted with the mouse embryo cell R616 U infected with the AKR
mouse leukemia virus, the rat embryo cell S1193 h, and the human diploid cell
WI-38. In addition to known carcinogens, the indicator systems were tested
with samples of finished and Mississippi River water.
The streptomycin resistance marker was not suitable for our purposes.
Significant reversion rates were obtained from active carcinogens with
histidine-dependent mutants alone, but not with compounds requiring
metabolic activation. The use of liver homogenates to activate such
compounds resulted in significant reversion rates being obtained. A
finished water sample from New Orleans and a river water sample collected
at Plaquemine produced significant reversion rates in the absence of liver
homogenates. Infected R616 U cells were transformed by carbon tetra-
chloride at concentrations as low as 0.1 ug/ml. One New Orleans finished
water sample and two river water samples have produced altered patterns
of SI 193 h cell growth.
-------
800649
Our smog chamber and laboratory studies continue to provide data necessary for the
development of experimentally validated kinetic computer models of chemical and
physical transformations in polluted atmospheres, which can be incorporated into urban
airshed models. The latter are used in developing and evaluating emission control
strategies and health warning systems for photochemical air pollution.
Specifically, the SAPRC smog chamber facility continues to be used in an experimental
program designed to provide accurate and extensive data for computer model validation.
Thus, the photochemistry program conducted in the 5800-liter evacuable chamber includes
irradiations, under simulated atmospheric conditions, of N0x-hydrocarbon systems in the
ppb-ppm concentration range beginning with a single hydrocarbon and building through
systems of six-component hydrocarbon mixtures of alkenes, alkanes, and aromatics.
Studies of the effects on these systems of aldehydes and species such as HONO are
included. In addition to extensive gas chromatographic analyses of hydrocarbons at the
ppb detection level, a Fourier interferometer long-path infrared (LPIR) system and an
off-line combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system will be used for the
characterization of additional trace products.
The laboratory program will continue to provide detailed product, mechanistic, and
kinetic data that will support the chamber experiments and lead to the development of
more accurate computer models. The laboratory studies this year will be (a) a quanti-
tative investigation of the products formed in the reactions of OH radicals with
benzene, toluene and possibly other selected aromatics in the presence of oxygen, and
at atmospheric pressure, and (b) the determination of relative quantum yields for the
formation of H atoms from formaldehyde over the wavelength region 270-350 nm.
803018
A significant contribution to current air quality sampling tech-
nology would be the development of a simple air sampling system capable
of determining particulate loading along with size distribution over a
broad range of particle size. Current research is aimed at developing
a two stage particle fractionator employing series filters which are
selective with respect to particle size.
The Nuclepore surface appears to be a logical choice for such a
filter. The simple geometry is readily modeled as a bundle of parallel
circular capillary tubes which greatly facilitates the development of a
theory for filteration characteristics.
Work is near completion on a first principles ir.odel of the inertia!
impaction characteristics of a large pore (12 ym) Nuclepore surface.
Preliminary experimental data support the validity of the model and it
is planned to have a validated model for filtration efficiency along
with theoretical performance curves by mid 1976.
With these performance curves as a guide it is planned to conduct
an experimental study to explore the feasibility of using series Nucle-
pore surfaces as a particle fractionator for air borne aerosols in the
environment.
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803069
This Short Course is a follow-up to the Short Course "Applications of
Stormwater Management Models", sponsored by the EPA and held August 19-23,
1974 at the University of Massachusetts. The objective of the 1975 Short
Course is to present the practitioner with concepts and modeling techniques
used for prediction, control and management of urban Stormwater problems.
Emphasis will be placed on the EPA Stormwater Management Model; workshops
are designed to acquaint attendees with the preparation of data input for
the computer model. Participants are expected to be from consulting firms
and government agencies specializing in design and management of water
quality.
The Short Course is scheduled for five days in late July 1975 at the
University of Massachusetts. A presentation of the common components of
Stormwater management models will be followed by detailed description of
the EPA SWMM. Three workshops on data preparation for the Rainfall-Runoff,
Transport, and Storage and Treatment Blocks as applied to a Case Study will
then focus on needs of the practitioners. Lectures on field data collections
for model calibration and the impact of Stormwater on receiving water quality
will also be included. The Short Course will end with the presentation of
comparative case studies on use of the EPA SWMM for design and the WRE STORM
for planning decisions. A Short Course Notebook will be prepared with the
aim of providing an instructional lecture rather than seminar format.
803328
The ultimate objective of this feasibility study is to design and characterize a
survey plan to make the desired measurements and to estimate the precision to be
expected from a survey along with the cost of the operation. Precision is not always
linear to cost and usually it is desirable to know the precision to be expected over
a range of costs.
The objectives of the third year of this three-year study are:
To develop and evaluate a sampling survey design and field techniques
required for rural runoff evaluation involving small drainage sub-basins,
with compatible emphasis on:
a. Evaluating cost of various sampling precision levels including a
comparison of grab techniques with instrumental methods.
b. Determining relationships between land use, physiography, physical
and chemical values, rainfall-runoff, and the impact of these factors
on receiving streams.
c.
Evaluating modeling techniques for determining input from rural
runoff and effect on the chemical and biological characteristics
of receiving streams.
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803360
There are approximately 100 enteric viruses of human origin which have been
isolated from sewage, rivers, sea water, and water supplies. Despite concern for
the presence of these viruses, there is as yet no rapid practical assay for their
identification and detection. We propose to apply imtnunoenzymatic methods
currently under development in our laboratories which will satisfy this need. These
methods will increase the reliability of and decrease the time required for
identification of these viruses. In addition, the methods we propose may also be
applicable for virus detection.
The proposal consists of two phases of methodology: 1) identification of
enteric viruses by intnunochemical staining of virus-infected cells with enzyme-
labeled antibodies and 2) identification and quantitation of enteric viruses by
enzyme iimunoassay. The first phase has been developed by us for use in identifying
selected enterovirus types; this will be extended to include identification of all
enteric viruses that can be readily cultivated. The second phase will be de-
velopment of methods for identifying and quantitating cellular or extracellular
virus. This method involves reaction of enzyme-labeled antibodies with viral
particles; virus is identified and/or quantitated by assaying bound enzyme.
803396
1. Objective - Determine production and Marketability of
•ethane gas froa an existing sanitary landfill
2. Approach - Construct wells within an existing sanitary
landfill and withdraw gases at different
rates to determine optimum withdrawal rate
and radius of influence. Investigate current
facilities and methods of processing methane
gas from an existing sanitary landfill.
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803399
The objective of the study is to evaluate long path laser
monitoring of ambient level air pollution. The lasers that have
been considered are semi-conductor diode tuned lasers and
sequentially step tuned carbon dioxide lasers. Systems employing
both techniques were tested during the summer of 1974 in St. Louis
in connection with the Regional Air Pollution Study (R.A.P.S.).
However, only the diode tuned laser system will continue to be
tested during the summer of 1975.
The present plan is to use the laser system to make pollution
variability measurements around two one kilometer square areas
-.in the St. Louis area as a part of RAPS. One site will be urban
and the other rural. A concurrent study will be made of the same
area using portable monitors and bag samples. The results of the
two methods will be compared.
Assuming favorable results from the comparison, it is planned
to use the system during the summer of 1976 to make several
pollutant variability studies for carbon monoxide, nitric oxide
and ozone.
803510
The overall objectives of this project are, A. to further develop and refine
efficient rapid and inexpensive monitoring methods for the detection and quantitative
assay of low levels of viruses in large volumes of water and wastewater, and to evaluat
various promising virus monitoring and detection methods by standardized and controlled
procedures. B. To develop effective and economical procedures for the inactivation
of enteric viruses in wastewater, renovated water and other forms of polluted water
by ozone and to establish reliable methods for the control and evaluation of the
process.
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803643
The proposed work involves the fourth and final year of an on-going prospective
serologic-epidemiologic study of persons occupationally exposed to municipal wastewater.
The initial objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the methodology
for appraising the health effects of human exposure to wastewater. Volunteers for the
study were municipal employees in Cincinnati, Oh. engaged in sewer maintenance and high-
way maintenance work.
During the second year of the study the project was expanded with the added objec-
tive of determining the health effects associated with occupational exposure to viable
aerosols generated by activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Volunteers for this
aspect of the study have been recruited from Cincinnati, Chicago, 111. and Memphis, Tenn.
The control groups are water treatment plant employees in Chicago, electrical distri-
bution systems workers in Memphis, and the previously recruited highway maintenance
workers in Cincinnati. A total of over 400 volunteers are currently active in the study,
over 100 of whom were recruited at the time of initial employment at activated sludge
wastewater treatment plants.
The protocol involves: quarterly collection of sera for immunologic, virologic and
bacteriologic examinations, pharyngeal swabs and rectal swabs; yearly multiphasic and
physical examinations; health diaries; evaluation of sickness and absenteeism reports;
work observations; selected follow-up of worker families; and environmental monitoring.
The monitoring program includes airborne-bacterial analyses and viral and bacterial
analyses of wastewater. Workers are maintained in the study for a minimum of 12 months
if possible. About 35 tests are included in the viral serologic survey. Results are
statistically evaluated.
803651
This proposal describes a continuation of research in progress on the
investiqation of chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of
organic and organometallic compounds. Methods will be developed for the
trace level quantitative determination of mixtures of metals as their
volatile chelates using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer under
computer control. The'mixture spectra will be analyzed by comparing
them with calculated spectra for the pure chelates. The ligands to be
used are substituted B-diketonates related to acetylacetonate. Either
positive or negative ions can be analyzed. A reference file of spectra
of pure organic compounds suspected to be present in polluted atmospheres
will be generated. It will be used to analyze spectra taken from mixtures
of organics. Studies will be carried out of a series of carbpnyls as
well Finally, real mixture samples will be provided by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency for analysis of participates which will contain
organics, organometallics, and inorganic compounds.
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803684
Oil shale deposits in the Upper Colorado River Basin are located in the states of
Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. The large fraction of potential commercial deposits are
contained in the Green River formation in the Piceance Basin of Colorado, however. The
Green River formation is an Early Tertiary geologic unit, formed in a depositional basir
during Eocene time. Topographic and structural highs surround the Piceance Basin on the
South, East, and West sides. Both surface and subsurface drainage are toward the North
to the White River. The White River is tributary to the Colorado.
The specific objectives of the proposed project are:
A) To gather all available data pertinent to the present and future assessment of the
water quality hydrology in the oil shale regions of the Upper Basin. These data will
be sought from universities, federal and state agencies, and private companies.
B) To summarize and analyze these data toward the identification of data deficiencies,
needs for additional data, and procedures for the assessment of the impact on water
quality hydrology.
C) To develop procedures for the quantitative assessment of the quantity and quality
of surface and subsurface runoff from processed shale residue and mine spoils, and to
verify these procedures using large volumetric lysimeters at the Anvil Points, Colorado
field site and by means of a mathematical model.
803703
OBJECTIVES
(!) To assess the potential of the aquaculture method of wastewater treatment as
a suitable means of treating municipal sewage waters in a mid-temperate
latitude on an annual basis.
(2) To provide a set of design criteria for implementation of the aquaculture
wastewater treatment method.
(3) To achieve an effluent quality amenable to P.L. 92-500 and the 1977, 1983, and
1985 standards.
APPROACH
To evaluate differences between series operation of conventional lagoon treat-
ment and an aquacultur* system. Fish growth/unit time will be compared to
effluent quality and certain ecological water parameters to determine the con-
tribution of nutrient binding by the animals. Effluent quality of tne conven-
tional retention series will be compared to effluent quality of the aquaculture
series.
PROGRESS
Studies conducted during the years 1971 - 1973 indicate high effluent quality
may be obtained through fish culture operation in a series of conventional
Ugoons? The design and approach of the proposed project are patterned after
this pilot study.
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803715
The objectives of this project are to determine the extent and nature of interactions
between fuel sulfur and NO formation mechanisms in combustion processes. Work completed
to date includes an examination of the effect of fuel sulfur on thermal NO from gaseous
turbulent diffusion flames. It was found that about 3,000 ppm SOa in the exhaust could
result in thermal NO reductions of between ten and twenty percent, but that the greatest
effect was present when SOa concentrations were high on the fuel lean side of the flame
front. It was also concluded that results were dependent on aerodynamic factors caused
by changes in swirl and injector type. The results give new impetus to our objective of
attempting to relate premixed flat flame data to turbulent diffusion flame phenomena.
This report also describes preliminary results on the effect of fuel sulfur on thermal
and fuel NO from distillate oil flames. It was found that fuel sulfur did inhibit
thermal NO but that its effect on fuel NO was negligible.
Work completed on the more fundamental aspects of this project include the design fabri-
cation and shakedown testing of a versatile flat flame combustor and the conceptual
design of the diffusion flame combustor. In addition a simplied set of reactions that
adequately describe NO formation from methane/air flames was developed as a prelude to
investigation of the effect of sulfur dioxide on both prompt and thermal NO. These re-
sults lead to new insight into the role of superequilibrium atoms on prompt NO. Mech-
anisms of NO reduction were also investigated, as a prelude to determining mechanisms of
fuel nitrogen conversion, and the effect of S02 thereon.
803765
The main objective of the Research is to evolve an efficient,
simple and practical method for the in-situ determination of particulate
size in source emission.
The method of measurement adopted is the Digital Photo-electron
Auto correlation technique in Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. Experiments
will be done on hydrosols, aerosols and also opaque particles of smoke
plumes in the laboratory with a view to applying the technique to in-situ
determinations from smoke stacks.
The experimental set up has been completed. The light-scattered
at an angle from the particles generated by an aerosol generator is
received by a suitable photomultiplier and let in to an auto correlator
interfaced with a PDF - 11 minicomputer for real-time measurements.
The programming is done and calibration experiments with standard poly-
styrene latex spheres have been tried and found encouraging.
8
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803774
The study is designed to identify elements in activated sludge solids and anaerobic
digester sludge which remove or kill viruses during waste treatment. Efforts are
made to improve the technology for recovering and assaying sludge-adsorbed viruses.
Present work employed viable poliovirus 1 (Sabin) labelled with '25| as a tracer
and demonstrated the following: (I) 95 to 99-93 of virus label was removed by cell
floes and cell-free exopolymers of four Zoogloea ramigera strains which had been
isolated at treatment plants. (2) Metal cations mediated poliovirus adsorption,
including Al, Fe3+, Mg, Hg and Pb, but not Ca or In. (3) Virus was eluted instantly
from Zoogloea cells and exopolymers by 0.05 M glycine, pH 11.5 and mere slowly by
fetal calf serum, pH 9-0. (4) Virus was adsorbed by mixed exopolymers extracted
from the zoogleal floes in activated sludge and from anaercbic sludge microbes.
(5) CoIpid?urn sp., Paramecium caudatum and mixed ciliates from activated sludge
became radioactive after grazing on _Z. ramigera strains which had adsorbed '25|-
poliovirus; the label was shed within 6 hrs after feeding. (6) Sucrose gradients
of activated sludge solids showed that most of the virus adsorbed by sludge was
associated with the microbial fractions. (7) Polyhydroxybutyrate granules (which
are trapped normally within .Z. ramigera floes) adsorbed virus avidly but evidence
suggested these were not responsible for significant removal of viruses from acti-
vated sludge.
803802
The atmospheric fates of many of the halogenated and nonhalogenated pollutants
proposed here for investigative study are poorly understood. Significant quantities of
these chemicals are emitted into the atmosphere, and the sources of these chemicals are
primarily anthropogenic. The possibility of stratospheric ozone destruction by stable
halocarbons and the toxicity and carcinogenicity of many other halocarbons make con-
tinued research urgent. The amount of these chemical pollutants in the atmosphere is
rapidly increasing and is a cause for concern. Halocarbons have also been used as
.tracers that provide an opportunity to understand pollutant transport from urban cen-
ters. More recently, reacting halocarbons have provided important information on the
.chemistry of the natural troposphere.
The overall objective of our three-year research effort has been to determine the
Distribution, sources, and sinks of important halogenated and nonhalogenated pollutants
that have an effect on the stratospheric ozone. During the first two years of research
we have developed the urban-nonurban relationships of halocarbon pollutants based on a
number of field studies on the west coast. Extensive southern hemispheric data has also
been collected. In the third year our emphasis will be on collecting additional data
from a number of both clean and contaminated sites. The entire data base collected to
date will be analyzed and a comprehensive final report will be prepared. The growth
Patterns of atmospheric halocarbons will be quantitatively determined. Global emissions
data for halocarbons will be used to determine halocarbon atmospheric lifetimes. Methyl
.chloroform data will be analyzed to determine hydroxyl radical concentrations in the
itroposphere.
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803804
Three pilot infiltration-percolation basins of about 1/6 acre
each have been constructed with underdrains at a depth of 2^ feet in
silty loam soil. The normal ground water depth is about 4 feet.
Stabilization pond effluent is applied at weekly intervals in quan-
tities equivalent to a depth of 18 or 24 inches. Samples collected
from the influent and effluent drain of each basin are analysed for
BODr, suspended solids; ammonia, nitrate and kjeldahl nitrogen; ortho
and total phosphorus, specific conductance and fecal coliforms.
Infiltration rates are determined using automatic float recorders in
each basin. Groundwater levels and quality are also monitored for the
area. Specific project objectives are:
1. Demonstrate the use of infiltration-percolation land
disposal as a means of up-grading existing secondary
treatment to meet new effluent standards...
2. Determine acceptable loading rates for both a scarified
and undisturbed soil for climatic conditions similar to
those at Brookings, South Dakota.
3. Identify winter operating constraints imposed by the
climatic conditions of the site.
Data has been collected since June 1975 and a technical progress
report has been prepared describing the construction and operation
of the unit into the summer of 1976.
803814
The objective of this study is to determine the rate and extent
of reaction of sulfur dioxide and other air pollutants at ppm
concentrations with aerosol droplets of the order of size of one
micron. In the initial experiments radioactive 35S02 will be
transferred to aerosols, and the total radioactive sulfur trans-
ferred counted. Models of the mass transfer and reaction will be
fit by the experimental data, and used to elucidate the extent
of reaction and oxidation to sulfate.
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803851
Aerosol size distributions have been measured in the St. Louis area as part of
EPA's Project MISST using aircraft and ground based self contained mobile labora-
tories. These measurements were made with a group of collaborators such that a com-
plete array of chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements were obtained on
a coal fired power plant plume. The University of Minnesota's portion of the pro-
ject included aerosol measurements aboard an aircraft and the operation of a mobile
van on the ground under the plumes.
This mobile van was also operated on freeways in the Los Angeles area during
October 1976 as part of an EPA sponsored project to study sulfur aerosols on road-
ways .
Much of the work during the next project year will be analysis and reporting of
the large amount of data obtained during the past several years. Analysis is being
directed toward obtaining aerosol growth rates in the plumes, aerosol nucleation
rates in the plumes and surrounding atmosphere,and toward better descriptions of the
aerosol size distributions. Laboratory work toward the development of a continuous
instrument for the measurement of aerosol sulfur is also being partially supported
by this project.
803856
Funds are requested for the construction of a laboratory system which will
provide running seawater at ambient temperature and at 2°C, 4°C, and 8°C above
ambient. Fouling development and changes in fouling community structure will be
followed at each temperature for several years on clay tile plates (232 cm)
submerged in October 1975 and April 1976. Larval recruitment at each temperature
will also be monitored. Parallel experiments will be conducted simultaneously
on plates submerged under the Duke Marine Lab dock. Data will be used to
determine the effect of heated effluents on community structure and function.
l i
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803880
The proposed research wotild attempt to develop a theoretical framework for
the economic evaluation of the social benefits of non-renewable resource con-
servation through recycling. Present market prices for non-renewable resources
may not be indicative of intergenerational social benefits because of (1) a
divergence between private and social rates of discount, (2) irreversibilities
in natural environments, and (3) the neglect of the welfare of future generations
by members of the present generation. The research would also attempt to derive
rules for approximating the value of resources conserved through present
recycling efforts. The study should provide the framework by which the other
principal non-market benefits of recycling (lowered disposal costs and lessened
environmental disruption) can be assessed, and thus contribute substantially
to the development of an optimal materials policy for recyclable resources.
803896
The objective of this program as a part of project MISTT
(Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transformation and Transport) is the
quantitative determination of the fate of atmospheric sulfur, i.e.
the rate of sulfate formation and the rate of SO removal to the
ground.
Large plumes emitted from the elevated (power plant) and low
level sources (urban) were studied on the regional scale. Airborne
measurements in the plumes and background air outside the plume
were carried out for S0_ 0~ NO , b ., aerosol charge, particulate
sulfur concentration ana supported By extensive meteorological
measurements.
Sulfur budgets of well defined plumes were assessed.
Transport of pollutants in plumes was characterized in terms of
horizontal "long range transport" and vertical transport. The
importance of dry removal for different types of plumes and
meteorological conditions was assessed. SO to particulate sulfate
conversion rates were determined for the coal-fired Labadie power
plant plume and the diurnal variability (1-4% per hour for noon hours
and 0.5% per hour for night hours) was determined.
1 2
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803897
The objective of the proposed reseach is to continue work on improving the
relationship between instrumental!,/ measured in-stack light transmittance and
the aerosol properties. The research approach calls for simultaneous measurements
to be taken of particle size distribution, particle mass concentration and
in-stack light transmittance. A novel approach is suggested for obtaining
cascade impactor samples suitable for X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Results
of the past year have served to validate a theoretical expression relating
in-stack transmittance to particle mass concentration for a pulverized coal-
fired boiler and with only partial success for an oil-fired boiler.
Specific objectives for the proposed project include testing of coal and oil-
fired boilers and other industrial sources.
803903
Program Objectives: This research grant application renewal, prepared by the City of
Ames and its sub-contractors, is for a third year continuation of a three-year
program to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the environmental, economic, and
technical aspects of a full-scale on-line solid waste recovery system. This system
is producing refuse-derived-fuel to supplement firing in coal-fired steam generators
and' is providing for valuable metal recovery. The program has the following principal
objectives: (1) Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of the facilities
and equipment, individually and as a system, including both the processing plant and
associated power plant operations; (2) Characterization of the refuse fuel and bypro-
duct materials produced by the system; (3) Determination of the environmental impact
of firing MSW as a supplementary fuel in a utility boiler, including air, water and
solids effects. Laboratory analysis and measurement instrumentation is being
conducted by E.R.D.A. Ames" Laboratory (Iowa State University) personnel.
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803933
This project is a study of the microbial degradation of chlorodane,
toxaphene and lindane by isolates obtained from freshwater or its
sediments. The interaction of these pesticides with microorganisms
will be investigated employing an aerobic system (shake flask co-
metabolite enrichment) and an anerobic (trickling filter) system.
Parameters to be studied are metabolites, degradation notes, and
the effects of pH, temperature and oxygen supply.
803953
Objectives. The objectives of the proposed work are to confirm laboratory
studies of the leachate recycle concept with larger, prototype test cells
and to elucidate information on mass flux of gas and leachate components,
with particular attention to the effect of evapotranspiration on the rates
and quantities of leachate.
Approach. Two doubly-lined test cells, 12x12x10 feet high, one completely
closed for quantitative gas measurement and the other covered with soil as
is the usual practice at landfills, will receive identical volumes of water
and weight of shredded solid waste. The moisture content will be brought
to 60 percent (wet weight) by adding digested sewage sludge during construc-
tion. Gas will be monitored for COo CH^, and other constituents and total
volume; leachate will be monitored for BOD, COD, TOC, total and individual
volatile acids, alkalinity, acidity, PH, nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorides,
sulfides or sulfates, and pertinent heavy and alkaline earth metals. The
solid waste of each cell will be sampled at the start and completion of the
tests for visual and quantitative characterization.
Output. Mass flux will be determined for the contaminant monitored and
"analyses made to interpret and control the stabilization process. Modifi-
cations to the basic systems operation will be made as required. The energy
generation potential, methane production, will be assessed. Recommended
design and control procedures for leachate containment and recycle will be
developed. A rigorous assessment of the cost/benefits of the recycle concept,
in context of daily operation/implementation, including economic and tech-
nical feasibility, and the extant of potential application will be prepared.
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803968
The objectives of this work are to continue a study of the
occurrence and toxicity of various contaminants and groups of contaminants
found in renovated wastewaters. The study will involve the use of
mammalian cells (platelets and neutrophils) to study the toxicity of
concentrates and various fractions of the concentrates when added to
cell cultures in vitro. The testing of cytotoxicity of the concentrates
will serve as primary toxicity screens, furthermore by separating the
concentrate into various chemical classes such as polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc., the various chemical groups
can be tested as groups for toxicity. Thus the cytotoxicity tests will
serve as indicators of the most important chemical groups and compounds.
The work will consist of the use of various techniques to concentrate
contaminants in renovated wastewater. These concentrates will then be
tested for toxicity to the cell cultures (both in terms of functional
effects and effects on energy metabolism). The concentrates will be
further fractionated and tested again for toxicity. The cells to be
used will be obtained from both animals and human volunteers.
303983
1. Objectives. To ascertain the biological and chemical responses of a tropical
coral reef/estuary ecosystem to the termination of sewage stress. To what
extent and at what rate does the ecosystem return to pre-stress conditions.
2. Approach. Field monitoring and field and laboratory experiments are being
performed.
We have 1+ years of time-series pre-diversion v..
collecting 1+ years of post diversion recovery data. We will then be able to
document ?he recovery characteristics of the ecosystem and derive predictive
abimy therefrom. We have published several papers and have prepared two
annual reports to date.
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803986
The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the quantity of enterovirus which
must be ingested with drinking water to produce an infection, the "Oral Infectious
Dose" (OID), and (2) to determine how many OID's must be ingested with drinking
water to produce disease, the "Oral Pathogenic Dose" (OPD). Swine have been chosen
as the best available representatives of man for"such a study; they and their homo-
logous enteroviruses comprise our model system. Early-weaned pigs (3-4 weeks old,
15-20 Ib.) are tested to determine that they are neither infected nor immune to the
virus with which they are challenged. They are housed in individual isolators and
challenged with measured doses of virus in drinking water. Starting with one tissue
culture dose (plaque-forming unit)'per animal, challenge doses are being increased
//ith each successive cycle of experimental animals until the OID and the OPD have
been reached. The OID seems significantly to exceed one plaque-forming unit; path-
ogenesis has yet to occur. Once experiments with one virus serotype have been com-
pleted, a second challenge virus will be used in a. second series to confirm the initial
findings.
804033
A study to obtain experimental evidence that defines and explains the
ability of biological surfaces, specifically soil, to scavenge air
pollutant gases from the atmosphere. The aim of the first phase of the
project is to determine through systematic laboratory experiments the
quantitative removal rate for light hydrocarbons and other selected
air pollutant gases by different candidate soil ecosystem types. In
addition, the development of ATP measurements for indexing the flux in the
microbial biomass in the soil will be further investigated. The second
year's objective extends the research into an area of more sophisticated
interest as it regards determining the threshold concentrations at which
biological and/or biochemical effects can be measured. The overall goal
of the project is to determine the microbial biomass response to air
pollutant gases at levels equal to or greater than the National Ambient
Air Quality Standard. These data are needed in order to design an
appropriate field monitoring package for determining biological effects
of air pollutant gases for aiding in the compliance with ambient air
standards.
16
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804102
The overall objective of this project is the modification, calibration and verifica-
tion of mathematical models that use input information (e.g. nutrient, pesticide, and
soil properties; management practices; watershed characteristics; and climatic factors)
and predict concentrations and losses of nutrient and pesticides in surface runoff.
Over a thirty month period, numerous samples of surface runoff will be collected and
nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pesticide concentrations in both the sediment
and water fractions wi11 be determined. Soil profiles of watersheds (~20 acres) in
corn and soybeans (fertilized and treated with pesticides) and in grass (fertilized 2
out of 3 years) will be sampled periodically and the samples analyzed for nutrients
and pesticides to provide source data. In the case of pesticides this data will be
used to calibrate and verify the pesticide transport and runoff model (PTR) already
developed. The data for nutrients will be used to develop, calibrate and verifv the
(.oMi^etnion nutrient transport and runoff model. Sediment transport models will be
developed and tested as a part of the transport system.
In addition, flow, sediment, nutrient, and pesticide levels will be monitored at
a stream controlling a 19-5 mi^ watershed which includes the three field-size water-
sheds of interest. Four intra-basin stations upstream from the main station will also
be located and monitored during selected runoff events. This data along with inventory
data of farm management practices within the large watershed will be used to evaluate
the effect of overland flow and channel processes on the transport of agricultural
chemicals.
As of April, 1976 the field installations are nearly complete. Flow measurements and
sampling were initiated between January 1 and April 15. The intra-basin stations will
be completed in May.
804155
Overall goals of this program have been to demonstrate the feasibility of using coherent
anti-Stakes Raman spectroscopy to identify pollutants in dilute (micromolar) aqueous solutions
and to automate its use in conjunction with a liquid chromatographu At the present time, efforts
are divided almost equally among three aspects: automation, chromatography and spectroscopy.
With regard to automation, construction of the hardware for interfacing is preceding well and is
expected to be finished early in 1978. Then, writing and debugging of software will be started.
Because programming will be done in real-time BASIC, for which many of the assembly-language
service routines are already available, it should be possible to develop and test modules of the
overall operating program relatively easily. The other major aspects, the chromatography and
me spectroicopy, will concentrate upon one or two typical polychlorinoted biphenyls for use as
test solutes. If time remains, a typical polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, nitrosamine, and
carbamate will be included.
17
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804161
The basic objectives of the proposed study are: (1) to determine the minimum
human oral infective dose of Sabin type 1 poliovirus strain in infants, (2) define
the age specific rate of acquisition of antibodies to a number of important entero-
viruses in young children with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who have different
drinking water sources, (3) determine by serologic testing the incidence of entero-
virus infections in children who participate in swimming classes at urban beaches
and pools and compare to a control group engaged in non-swimming team sports, and
(4) determine the frequency of recent exposure to recreational waters by children
seeking medical attention with confirmed enteroviral illness and compare to a control
group being seen for non-infectious problems. Data obtained from this study will
indicate whether: (1) infants can be experimentally infected with very low oral
doses of enterovirus, (2) children with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who are
exposed to different types of drinking and recreational water sources acquire
enterovirus infections at different rates, (3) children who swim frequently at
beaches or pools acquire more infections than children who participate in non-
swimming team sports, and (4) children with enteroviral illnesses have recently
had greater frequency of swimming than children who did not acquire enteroviral
illness during this time.
804162
The objective is to develop a method of predicting potential ground-water
degradation in strip coal mining on the basis of the mineralogy of the
overburden. The mineralogy of overburden core samples will be determined
and compared with the mineralogy of similar material that has undergone
extensive chemical weathering in old spoil piles. The ground-water
degradation that has resulted from leaching through the old spoils will
also be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. This field-oriented,
cause-and-effect approach will help to establish the relationship between
the mineralogy of overburden and potential ground-water degradation.
18
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804174
Objective; To establish the feasibility of a continuous electrolytic treatment process
to reduce the oil content of oily emulsion wastewater from machining operations to
acceptable levels for discharge, without generating the large quantities of watery
sludge requiring disposal which are common to conventional chemical treatment processes,
Approach: Demulsification will be accomplished by passing the oily wastewater through
permeable electrodes. Bench scale experiments have shown that the oil content of
waters containing several thousand ppm of emulsified oil can be reduced to a few ppm
in a flow system at practical rates and at very low power cost. The floating oily
sludge produced is high in oil content and low in water content, so that compared to
chemically produced sludges the sludge volume to be handled and disposed of is small,
it can be separated from the water phase by flotation and skimming rather than by
sedimentation, and recovery of the oil resource is more practical.
Current Plans: In the first year, it is planned to construct, develop, evaluate,
and demonstrate a. pilot unit (1500 gpd) to treat actual oily wastewater from the
machining operations at a manufacturing plant.
804175
Supersaturation of air in natural waters either by hydroelectric
plants or thermal effluents is becoming an increasing environmental
problem and has already accounted for large mortalities of anandromous
fish in the northwestern United States. Increasing development of
hydroelectric and/or nuclear plants as a result of increased energy
needs can be expected to increase this problem, definition of which
requires less specialized, easily available analytical techniques.
The methods currently available for measuring and/or monitoring
total dissolved gas pressure in liquids, while accurate and reliable,
are expensive, require specialists for operation, and are not suitable
for continuous unattended monitoring.
The objective of the project is the design and development of
simple, inexpensive instrumentation using the existing principle of
a diffusion membrane and electronic pressure transducer to measure
and record total dissolved gas pressures. Alternatives for membrane
materials, configurations and mechanical interfaces and signal analysis
will be explored, constructed and field tested.
19
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804179
The objective of this project is to apply ion exchange to the determination of trace
metal ions at submicromolar concentration levels. Two methods are being investigate
(1) Trace ions in a sample donor solution are concentrated by loading upon a pellicu
lar ion exchanger, and these are eluted or stripped into an acceptor solution at an
enhanced concentration level so that they can be more easily measured. In studies
with Cu(II), enhancements over 100-fold have been obtained that are in accord with
the theoretical Donnen enhancement.0 In another phase of this project, the kinetic
and equilibrium properties of the copper ion-selective electrode are being investi-
gated in the submicromolar concentration region. When they have become elucidated
and measurable, these properties may serve to characterize the electrode, or they
may have analytical usefulness.
Keywords: Ion exchange, trace metal ions, copper ion, ion-selective electrode,
speciation.
804191
The long-range objective of the Lake Apopka, Florida, restoration program
is to restore the quality of the lake for recreational use.
804218
The objective of this study is to critically evaluate the tentative Standard
Methods procedures for concentrating and detecting enteric viruses in large
volumes of drinking water and other finished waters. The evaluation of the
procedures is being done with a total of nine different viruses representing
the four major enteric virus groups. These viruses are: poliovirus type 1,
coxsackieviruses A9 and B3, echovirus 7, bovine enterovirus type 1, reovirus
type 3, adenovirus type 1, simian virus 11 and Minute Virus of Mice. In a
later phase of the evaluation, mixtures of naturally occurring enteric
viruses obtained from wastewater will also be utilized. The four different
types of microporous filters that are currently recommended as virus adsorbents
are being simultaneously evaluated using 100 gallon volumes of tapwater
experimentally contaminated with low levels of the test viruses. All
aspects of the tentative Standard Methods procedure are being investigated,
including primary virus adsorption, primary virus elution and reconcentration.
If the presently recommended tentative Standard Methods procedures for
concentrating and detecting enteric viruses in finished waters are found to
be incapable of efficiently recovering certain enteric viruses, then modifi-
cations of the methodology will be investigated and evaluated.
20
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804278
The objective of this grant is to obtain a better understanding of atmos-
pheric turbulence from analyses of tower data collected in the layer
up to 300 meters above the surface in complex terrain and boundary layer
data and also to update and to extend techniques for predicting atmos-
pheric dispersion in the planetary boundary layer.
34318
e proposed research will continue to investigate the relationship between dose and
ration of exposure to levels of pesticide in blood and saliva. The mechanism of
transport into saliva will be established using _i_n \nv_o_ and in vitro methods, son's of
"•ich have been developed in this laboratory. Human samples will be evaluated utili-
' g the services of the Departmants of Agriculture and Pathology.
4323
A soil is contaminated when foreign substances are introduced into
tie plow layer which adversly affect plant growth. Such soil exists in
Hciryetta, Oklahoma near a zinc roaster and smelter which was in
Oferation there for the last 50 years. The plant was shut down in 1969.
Tie emissions from the smelter have destroyed vegetation and polluted
tie soil in surrounding areas for approximately two (2) square miles.
TIfe purpose of this study is to determine if reclamation of the soil can
bc| accomplished through the use of dry sludge, municipal effluent, and
fertilizers. This study will be conducted by faculty members of the
Physical Science Department, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma.
Abortion of the work, plot studies at the site in Henryetta, Oklahoma,
W|U be subcontracted to the Okmulgee County Conservation District. The
P*jpject will cover a three year period starting in 1976 and terminating
in|1979. A request of $65,375.00 to carry out the project was made to
thfe Environmental Protection Agency for the first year. A total of
*lf2,810.00 was requested for the three year period.
21
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304331
Grumman will conduct a twelve (12) month study to investigate the viability
of utilizing, on a production basis, the new reduced-pollution, corrosion-
protection paint systems in lieu of the currently used organic paint systems
and cyanide plating solution.
804345
Research will be continued in areas concerned with the chemistry, metabolism,
environmental alteration, and mode of action of insecticides in mammals, plants,
insects, and soil. Emphasis will be placed on the fundamental intoxication and detoxi-
cation processes which take place in biological systems and in the environment. The
following ongoing projects will be continued: (1) Studies on the isolation, identifi-
cation, and assessment of the toxicological properties of impurities present in
technical organophosphorus insecticides. Technical insecticides currently under
investigation include malathion, phenthoate and fenthion. Studies on the mode of actic
of the potentiating effects caused by the impurities are included. (2) Studies on the
metabolism, toxicology and environmental fate of promising new insecticides. The com-
pound presently being investigated is dibutylaminosulfenyl-carbofuran. (3) Synthesis
and evaluation of delayed neurotoxic activity of structural analogs of leptophos and
related esters. Included in this study is the resolution of the chiral isomers of
leptophos and evaluation of the isomers for neurotoxicity. (4) Structure-activity
correlation analyses of DDT analogs, carbamate esters, and phosphoramidates. (5)
Studies on the mode of action of selectively toxic derivatized methylcarbamate insecti-
cides. (6) Investigations of surface-modified supports for the gas chromatography of
insecticides with emphasis on the separation and identification of impurities present
in technical materials. (7) Studies on the cause and consequence of insecticidal
action at the neurophysiological level.
22
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804348
Kinetic and mechanistic studies will be made to recognize and to quantitatively
characterize the several reaction pathways which result in the chemical transformation
and removal of SO2, NO, and NO2 in the polluted atmosphere. In one phase of the work
the seemingly important reactions of the alkyl peroxy and hydroperoxy radicals with
S02, NO, and NO2 are being investigated. Kinetic flash spectroscopy, steady state
photochemical systems, and studies in flow systems are employed to follow the kinetics
of the RO2 reactions The identification and kinetic characterization of the initial
reactive products of these reactions will be attempted using infrared, visible,
ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and more conventional chemical methods.
In other phases of this work we plan to study the reaction pathways which involve
the reactions of the electronically excited SO2 with atmospheric components and the
reactions of the HO-radical with SO2, NO, NO2, and other atmospheric pollutants of
special interest.
The mechanism and kinetic information obtained in the study will be applied
directly to the development of a more realistic computer simulation scheme for the
prediction of rates of SO2 and NOX removal reactions and the nature of the initial
"sulfate" and other unidentified and recognized products of the sunlight-irradiated,
NOX, SO2, RH-polluted atmospheres.
1804350
fThe principal objective of this project is to conduct an extensive evaluation of ultra-
filtration for wastewater treatment at the San Leandro plant of the Dewey and Almy
fhemtcal Division of W. R. Grace. Treatment of this waste by uItrafiItration is an
.application of novel technology to a serious wastewater problem, and provides an economi
f:ally feasible means of meeting effluent standards for hexane extractables and other con
taminants.
This test program will be supplemented by feasibility experiments on the treatment of
|roduct waters from ultrafiItration by reverse osmosis and carbon adsorption.
The technical and economic feasibilities of full-scale treatment systems will be assesse
At the San Leandro plant, ultrafiItration tests will be conducted concurrently with wasl
Characterization tests of the in-feed, concentrate and permeate. A sampler will be usec
to obtain daily composite effluent samples.
Operating paramenters to be routinely monitored include processing temperature and pres-
sure, the ultrafiltration unit circulation rate and pressure drop, and the uitrafiItrati
Permeate flow rate. The UF unit will be operated continuously for twelve weeks.
in addition to the above, reverse osmosis and carbon adsorption tests will be conducted
Qn the permeate to assess technical and economic feasibilites for +reatment of the UF
product water to meet the effluent limitations guidelines for the industry.
23
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804351
The purpose of this study is to obtain information concerning the mode of
action, excretion, and metabolism of the cyclodiene insecticides.
A mortality study employing mice was conducted with combinations of toxaphene
(T) and methyl parathion (P) to determine possible potentiation between these
insecticides. One-half LD50 doses (T:P, 56:16 mg/kg) were employed as well as a
2:1 combination (T:P, 32:16 mg/kg). Mortality occurred in only combinations contain!
P; however, there was a lack of potentiation between these two insecticides.
Mice were dosed with combinations of 25 mg/kg 36ci-toxaphene (T), 3.2 mg/kg
l^C-chlordimeform (C), and 12.5 mg/kg methyl parathion (P), i.e., T, P, C, TP, TC,
PC, TPC. There were no statistical differences among the various treatment com-
binations for 36ci-excretion in the urine. There were differences for feces, but
no definite pattern was apparent. The other significant differences were between
a single dose and a second dose. Mean separations for these significant differences
are in the process of being performed.
A study is being conducted consisting of two parts: effects of toxaphene in-
gestion on neo-natal development, as determined by certain behavioral criteria and
the effects on post-natal maze learning in rats. Results for the maze learning
experiments are still in progress. The following tests were used to assess neo-
natal development: swimming, grasp-hold reflex, righting reflex, and startle response
Treated pups showed a suppression in the development of swimming ability on days 7-
9; treated pups showed a stronger grasp-hold reflex on days 15-20 when this response
declined in the control group. There was no significant difference in the developmei
of startle response, and the exposed pups developed the righting reflex two days
later than control pups.
Measurements of ionic fluxes for the ventral nen^ cord in toxaphene-poisoned
P. americana are being made.
804353
(1) Objectives: Compare cholinesterase activities, levels of intact organophosphates
in blood and adipose tissue, and urinary metabolites of rats exposed to halogenated
aryl and aliphatic organophosphorus compounds and non-halogenated aryl and aliphatic
organophosphorus pesticides. Relate symptomatology, cholinesterase depression and
levels of intact pesticides in blood and urinary excretion of metabolites in persons
occupationally exposed to these same chemicals.
(2) Approach: The concentration of intact pesticide in blood and adipose tissue,
quantity of urinary metabolites excreted in 24-hour intervals and effect on cholines-
terase is measured in rats individually exposed to a dozen organophosphorus pesticides.
Human subjects occupationally exposed to the same compounds are monitored for the above
parameters in order to determine the validity of the animal model.
(3) Current Plans and/or Progress: Partition coefficients and hydrolytic half-lives
have been determined for nil pesticides Included in the investigation. Recovery studied
of metabolites in urine and parent compound in blood and tissue have been completed.
A micro-cholinesterase method designed to be used in the animal experiments has been
validated. Animal exposure experiments have been completed for eight of the twelve
compounds under study. Finally, five of twenty-five occupational case studies have
been completed.
24
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804375
The objective of this continuation grant is to define the distribution of pathogenic
Naegleria in the State of Florida. Multiple isolates have been made from freshwater
lakes as well as thermally polluted one. Overwintering appears to be confined to
lake bottom sands and/or sediments. Over the next year this aspect will be or
should be confirmed.
A rapid method for identification has been developed but requires additional testing
of specimens from various areas.
Immunological and physiochemical aspects of pathogenic Naegleria and seropositive
nonpatnogenic ivaegiena will be investigated to determine their reiaLion»uj.p.
804385
Public Technology, foe,, in cooperation with the American Water Works Association
Research Foundation and the National Water Well Association, will conduct a Fact Finding,
|3tate-of-the-Art, survey of municipal water treatment practices involving ozonation overseas,
Canada, and in those few installations that are operating in the United States.
The objectives are to document specific data on the known application of ozone for
Drinking water treatment, including data on engineering design, effectiveness, health and
iafety aspects, effects on materials of construction, reduction and/or elimination of sludge
Disposal problems by use of ozonation in place of chemical treatments, and costs of
ozonation. Specific emphasis will be placed on documenting what is currently known and
practiced on the use of ozone for removing dissolved organic materials prior to the disinfection
Itep, and on identification of oxidation products formed by treatment with ozone.
The project will be one year in duration and will consist of identifying existing
facilities worldwide currently employing ozonation as part of their water treatment process.
tof ormation will be gathered by questionnaire and by site visits to selected facilities in
Europe and Canada.
25
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804403
The investigation is concerned with the nature, distribution, and origin of
the inorganic constituents of coal. This "mineral matter" in coal is, at times,
deleterious and may, among other influences, contribute significantly to problems of
air and water pollution. In order to obtain a relatively unaltered mineral matter
residue as a starting material for our investigations, the technique of electronic
low-temperature ashing is routinely used. After ashing the coal at temperatures belov
150 C, the mineral matter residues are investigated by X-ray diffraction, and optical
and electron microscopy for mineralogical analyses; by X-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, electron
microprobe analyses, neutron activation analyses, and general "wet chemical" methods
for elemental analyses.
The major areas of interest in which investigations are continuing are:
1) The mode of occurrence, distribution of trace elements and minerals in coal, 2) the
mineralogy and genesis of iron and zinc sulfide minerals in coal seams, 3) mineral
and elemental distribution within coals of the Illinois Basin, and 4) the potential
for removal of minerals and their constituent chemical elements by coal washing
techniques. Data from all of the above investigations are then related to the
origin and geochemical history of the coal seams.
804413
This project involves the development of sensitive
chromatographic procedures to analyze low levels of ammonia from atmospheric
samples. GLC column technology will be investigated and the conversion of
NH3 to NO in conjunction with a chemiluminesence NOX monitor will be used to
detect eluted ammonia.
26
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804421
This research proposes to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the various thermal and
Scipll 1* 1mprovin9 the ^Ua11ty of th* *»! fraction of shredded
From this review a selection of the most promising treatments will be made for sub-
sequent laboratory evaluations. Also, the economics of any process to be studied in
the laboratory will be carefully evaluated. »«-uuieu in
804442
The distribution of hazardous substances in Saginaw Bay will be surveyed
uring 12 cruises in 1978. Objectives of the study are to: support the continuing
evelopment and verification of transport models; define the distribution and fate
|f hazardous substances in bay water, sediments, and biota. Sampling and in situ
ionitoring will be conducted at 26 primary stations off-shore and 5 secondary
Stations inshore (i.e., marsh and island littoral zones). Samples of water,
{articulates, sediments and aquatic organisms will be analyzed for metals (zinc,
4opper, lead) and organic contaminants (chlorinated hydrocarbons) will be used
to develop a description of mass balance for Saginaw Bay.
This work is part of a continuing EPA study of water quality dynamics in
Saginaw Bay, begun in 1973.
2 7
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804444
The objectives of the research project are to:
1. Determine the extent and nature of water quality problems originating in water dis-
tribution systems in the U.S.
2. Conduct laboratory studies to assess the potential for a treated water to promote
sediment deposition and microbial growth in distribution systems.
3. Determine the role of microorganisms in mediating chemical changes observed in dis-
tribution systems.
4. Determine remedial measures for controlling sediment deposition, organism growth
and quality deterioration.
5. Prepare a guidelines document for use by water utilities for assessing and control-
ling water quality problems in distribution systems.
A nation-wide mail survey, followed by selected site visits, will be made to determine
the extent and nature of water quality problems in distribution systems. Laboratory
studies will be conducted using pipe loops to determine the water quality changes under
varied conditions of input water quality. Alternate methods to control the water
quality deterioration in laboratory pipe loops will also be tested.
JAt the present time, the national survey of water quality problems in distribution sys-
items has been completed. Laboratory pipe manifold studies showed that chlorine dose
of 1.0 mg/L was quite effective in controlling microbial growth and dissolved methane
!oromoted n
804457
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
1. To study design and operational problems of commercially-constructed digesters
and to develop creative and practical alternatives or modifications.
2. To develop methods of optimizing all products of the digestion process.
3. To develop optimization criteria for the integration of anaerobic digesters
into rural and aquaculturally based environments.
4. To look at the legal, social, and political problems which may be created
by large-scale digesters,
5. To conauct a systems analysis of environmental issues related to the processing
of agricultural waste through anaerobic digesters.
6. To study the feasibility of oroducina alcohol to meet mobile fuel needs as part
of the energy system on farms and in rural areas.
28
-------
804458
,
are designed to determine, (a) how lugworms move xenob ot cs into
w ™ * ?K?UKStra« Wh'n thC C°mPOUndS are introduced into the over y nq
water column; (b) how effectively lugworms move sorbed xenobiotics from
vanous depths ,n the sediment to the surface and (c) what volume of sediment
could be exposed to xenobiotics due to reworking by ugworms ^d.ment
804469
A large body of research exists on intergrated regional environmental
management systems. Yet the management approach discussed in this research
does not go far enough in preparing implementation strategies for them. The
Environmental Law Institute proposes to expand this research and to prepare a
set of materials which would assist state and regional and local governments in
developing sound implementation strategies for their environmental management
'• programs.
The Institute would: extend the residuals management framework suggested
in the existing research by developing components relevant to implementation; would
analyze in much greater detail than heretofore the governmental and social dynamics
of the actual implementation of regional environmental management programs; would
organize and interpret existing research according to the perceptions and needs
of regional and local implementing entities; would update implementation research
in light of additional experience; would develop the relationship between these
approaches and the variety of federal and state environmental protection statutes
and regulations already in effect; and would analyze EPA's existing authority in
this area. As the vehicle for its research, the Institute proposes to prepare
four published reports, each consisting of a short descriptive booklet and a longer
technical companion monograph fully treating each topic.
29
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804501
The first objective of the project is to determine the growth rate
of Catostomus commersoni under different temperature regimes and
to construct response curves that can be related to food consumption.
Subordinate objectives are (1) to determine the influence of size
on growth response at different temperatures and (2) to determine
the relationship of optimum temperature to incipient lethal tempera-
tures. A second objective is to determine the influence of reduced
rations as compared to ad libitum rations on the optimum temperature
for growth in three sizeTgroups of fish. Data will be gathered and
analysed in a form which will provide input to ecosystem modeling.
804525
To determine the reaction sequences used by bacteria and fungi to degrade dibenzofuran,
dibenzodioxin and their chlorinated derivatives. Organisms that can degrade unsubstit-
uted dibenzofuran and dibenzodioxin have been isolated from soil and marine environments
These organisms are being used to identify each metabolic intermediate in the degradativ
pathways. Once the metabolites have been identified the effect of chlorine substitution
on the metabolism of these compounds will be investigated. Current plans and progress
have elucidated the initial reactions used by Beijerinckia, Pseudomonas and the fungus
Cunninghamella elegans for the degradation of dibenzofuran. The initial reactions in
the bacterial degradation of dibenzodioxin have also been elucidated. These studies
are continuing.
30
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804527
The purpose of this project is to study chemically induced
tumors in teleost fishes. Both marine and freshwater species
will be exposed to low levels of a known carcinogen for 300
days. Fish developing tumors or other pathologies during this
period will be sacrificed and tissue from the liver, kidney,
intestine, and gills will be studied histologically. Tissues
from all the fish with no grossly apparent pathologies at the
time the experiment is terminated will be studied in the same
manner in order to detect any neoplasias or preneoplastic
conditions.
804533
(1) Objectives: 1. Evaluate overall effectiveness of the disposal pits currently in use
based on materials previously deposited in each. 2. Determine presence or absence of
environmentally hazardous compounds in each. 3. Continue to sample each pit during
tenure of study. 4. Establish experimental systems for studying the fate of selected
pesticides in isolated micro-pits under controlled conditions. 5. Evaluate biological
activity in present systems. 6. Develop plans and specifications for disposal system
construction and management.
(2) Approach: Conduct a 5 yr. chemical and biological study of 2 existing pesticide
disposal systems used at the Agronomy-Ag. Engineering and Horticulture Stations which
have been in use 10 and 5 years respectively. Additional controlled micro-disposal
systems will be established to determine the fate and biological consequences of known
quantities of selected disposed compounds. Accurate data will be collected on identity,
Duality and concentration of unusual dilute insecticides, fungicides and herbicides
Deposited in existing and two new disposal pits. Reliable recommendations for disposal
systems for farms and commercial application should be developed as a result of the
study.
(3) Current plans: Preliminary analyses of the contents in the existing pesticide
Disposal systems were initiated in May 1976 to identify their bacterial and chemical
Composition. With the award of the grant in October 1976 plans and construction of
the experimental micro and macro pits could be completed. Regular sampling and
analysis of both existing and experimental pits are in progress.
3 1
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304535
Objectives - - (1) Conduct a field sampling program designed to statistically
test whether shading and/or agricultural herbicide factors are related to
submerged aquatic vascular plant die-offs in Chesapeake Bay. (2) Conduct
microcosm bioassays of herbicides under unstressed and stressed conditions.
(3) Directly test for adverse effects of runoff from farm fields on plants
in large tanks.
Approach - Field data would be collected at a series of stations on tidal
Rhode River (on the western shore), tidal Choptank River (on the eastern
shore) and near the Poplar Islands (open bay) at a series of times in order
to measure species composition and populations of plants; shading factors
in the water column, herbicide factors in bottom sediments, suspended
sediments and surface water, and other habitat factors. One species would
also be intensively bioassayed in microcosms with atrazine and linuron to
test for individual and synergetic effects under unstressed and stressed
(low light, high salinity, high temperature) conditions. Estuarine par-
tition coefficients would be approximated. Storm water runoff from a corn-
field watershed would be diverted into a large tank containing plants and
compared to a control tank.
Current Progress - Two years of data has been collected toward objectives
(1) and (JT)7 Several publications are in press.
804547
The objectives of this research are to characterize the forms and amounts
of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb in sewage sludges and to determine the fate of these
metals in soils incubated with sewage sludge under laboratory conditions.
Specific objectives are: (1) to utilize non-aqueous and specific metal ex-
tractants to characterize the mechanisms of metal retention in sewage sludges
and to determine the components in sewage sludge responsible for metal retention,
and (2) to elucidate the fate of metals added to soils in sewage sludges utilizing
radiosotopic, extraction, and equilibration techniques.
Several approaches will be employed to characterize the forms of metals in
sewage sludges, including solvent extraction techniques, heavy liquid separation
of the inorganic and organic phases of sludge, and studies on sorption of metals
by sludges, calcium carbonate, and other inorganic sludge constituents. The fate
of metals added to soils in sewage sludges will be determined in laboratory in-
cubation experiments. Sludge fractions obtained by non-aqueous extractions and
heavy liquid separation will be added to soils and incubated for varying time periods
Metal release, CO evolution, and N transformations will be determined at selected
time intervals. Isotopically exchangeable Zn, Cd, and Ni will be measured to
evaluate the reversion process of metals in soil.
32
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804568
The overall objective of this project continues to be the bench-scale investiga-
tion of sulfide (combination lime-sulfide) precipitation with soluble and sparingly-
soluble sulfide salts and of charged membrane ultrafiltration with commercially-
available, negatively-charged, non-cellulosic membranes for treating specific waste
streams from the copper and zinc industries. The specific waste streams (containing As
Se, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, etc) include acid plant waste-scrubber waste and the overflow from
lime-settling operations.
Continuous flow, bench-scale sulfide precipitation studies will include the use
of Na2S and Fe S (or pyrites)0 The sulfide dosage requirements and predictions with
varying waste compositions and optimum precipitate settling conditions will be
established. Charged membrane ultrafiltration will be evaluated in terms of high
water recovery, maximum extent of metals removal with single to multiple-pass water
recycle, and the possibility of obtaining 98% water recovery by an intermediate
settling step.
The studies conducted during the first budget period show very promising heavy
metals separation in terms of meeting BATEA standards and/or for in-plant water
reuse.
804571
Because of growing public concern over the occurrence of trace amounts of var-
ious organic chemicals in the area potable water supply, the Jefferson Parish Water
Department has recognized the need for a more efficient and reliable treatment pro-
cess designed to remove such contaminants.
The Mississippi River is the sole raw water source available to the Jefferson
Parish Water System. Therefore, since the use of another less polluted source is
impossible, the Department is faced only with seeking out new methods for removal
of trace levels of organic contaminants .
One such method offers the most promise of effuting trace organic compound
removal. It is the use of granular activated carbon (GAG) filtration. GAC filtration
will be thoroughly studied in quantitative terms and in terms of cost effectiveness
during the course of this study.
33
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804578
Of aH muni ci pa I-related pollution abatement proDlems, the most significant in
terms of cost and technical complexity is storm and combined sewerage system over-
flow loadings. According to recent estimates, the costs of implementing measures to
control storm water runoff and combined sewer overlows are approximately $261 billion.
Application of management concepts to sewer systems can enhance the usefulness of
existing combined sewerage systems, particularly during wet weather conditions, and
thus reduce the level of required expensive structural controls. One aspect of sewer
system management is a vigorous troubleshooting and maintenance program utilizing
conventional means to cleanse troublesome deposition locations.
The concept of depositing-sol ids control in sewer lines, although widely used
around the turn of the century as a maintenance practice, is still only occasionally
viewed as a viable pollution control alternative for combined sewer systems. Much
theoretical but little applied research has been performed to develop an understanding
of the mechanisms of solids deposition. Even less work has been performed to develop
and quantify uniform criteria for flushing sewers.
804585
Ozone is a common contaminant of urban atmospheres, developing with photochemical
smogs, and at present, occurring at a maximum concentration in the range of 0.5 - 1.0
ppm. At this concentration, some humans develop symptoms which resemble those of an
asthmatic attack though they have no previous history of respiratory disease. The
symptoms of asthma are generally considered to result from the degranulation of
pulmonary mast cells and the sequential release of a mixture of vasoactive mediators
consisting of histamine, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), prostaglandins
£2 and F2a , and other substances depending on the animal species. Young, adult male
rats (18Q-200g) will be exposed, under controlled conditions, to graded concentrations
of ozone for various periods of time in order to find the minimal concentration
(ppm ozone and hours of exposure) which will produce quantitative changes in the
following parameters: histamine forming capacity; release of histamine, SRS-A,
prostaglandins £2 and F2a ; the ability of the lung to take up serotonin and/or
norepinephrine, to convert angiotension I to angiotensin II, to inactivate bradykinin>
and to convert cortisone to cortisol. If changes in these parameters are observed,
it is proposed to treat the experimental animals with suitable drugs to prevent the
release of specific mediators.
34
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804614
1) Objectives: Evaluate soil and sewage sludge factors which affect plant uptake
of heavy metals (cadmium, 2inc, copper and nickel), elucidate mechanisms of
sorption and release of these metals in sludge-amended soils and develop
laboratory methods of determining heavy metal bioavailability.
2) Approach: Greenhouse and field trials are being conducted to evaluate plant
uptake of metals. Laboratory research using chelating resins and isotopes are
being conducted to evaluate retention mechanisms and develop laboratory tests.
3) Progress: Results of an extensive greenhouse experiment indicate commonly
determined soil properties do not relate to heavy metal availability. Further,
the often suggested DTPA extraction on a soil test appears to offer little
promise as a method for predicting metal bioavailability. A method using
chelating and weak cation exchange resins has been developed to provide sorp-
tion isotherms under controlled pH and solution metal concentrations. Neutron
activation analysis indicated that commonly used digestion procedures for
sludges give incomplete digestion. The field data indicate that at recommended
sludge loading rates, little Cd accumulates in corn tissue or grain.
804636
The federal water pollution control laws encourage the application of sewage sludge to
agricultural land and for other beneficial uses as the preferred solution to this
ultimate disposal problem. Because of the high capital and energy costs of reliable
sludge treatment and disinfection, less costly and simpler treatment alternatives are
Aeing sought. Thermophilic aerobic digestion of sewage sludge offers promise of
improving sludge management at a low cost. The possibilities of using the heat release
during microbial oxidation of the sewage sludge to autoheat the waste liquid sludge
has been considered by a number of investigators. The heat of oxidation of organics
appears to be capable of autoheating sewage sludge at 95 to 97% water content to the
thermophilic range only if the aeration system can achieve an oxygen transfer
efficiency greater than 15%. Since most conventional aerators achieve transfer
efficiencies less than 5%, it has been suggested that aeration with oxygen enriched
£ir or pure oxygen wouldbe necessary to support the concept of autoheating. Presently,
a full scale commercially available unit being operated by Cornell University has been
shown to be able to achieve thermophilic temperatures with a simple air aeration
system using autoheating with a mixture of a primary and secondary sewage sludge.
Continuation of this study will document the limitations of the process and effective-
ness of pathogen kill obtained with the autoheated temperatures.
35
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804641
This work is intended to evaluate various factors influencing the
effect of environmental pollutants with particular emphasis on trace
elements.
Special attention will be paid to differences in absorption, di-
stribution and retention in relation to age, to the estimation of cri-
tical organ in the immature, to differences in toxicity due to age, to
late effects caused by infant exposure and to nutritional factors and
deficiencies as influencing trace element metabolism and effects.
Most of the experimental work is going to be performed on rats
using radioactive isotopes of trace elements for studying various meta-
bolic parameters (i.e. 115Cd, 203Hg, 203Pb, 59Mn etc.). Stable trace
elements are going to be used as additives to different diets to evalu-
ate the effect of chronic exposure and interaction of essential and
toxic trace elements. The experiments on humans are envisaged for a
later stage.
These investigations are expected to provide a better basis for
evaluating the effects of environmental pollutants in the young.
804660
The goal of the proposed effort is to develop a hydrophobia substance to
mitigate pavement ice adhesion which will be cost-effective as compared to
conventional methods. Specific objectives are: a) the traffic paint
employed as a binder in one of the formulations from the initial effort
will be improved, b) the concentrations of the active ingredients in two
coatings involving multiple components will be optimized, c) while the
basic goal of a coating to be applied to existing roadways will be retained,
the fundamental concepts of an ice release material will be further
investigated by a brief study of the incorporation of otherwise unsuit-
able materials into 2.5 cm (one inch) asphalt overlays, d) the functionally
superior coatings resulting from the technical work here described will
be tested on a full scale traffic simulator under varying monitored
conditions of tire-surface interface.
36
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804684
The puroose of the proposed research is to measure the capacity of selected clay
minerals.and waste coal chars to adsorb hazardous organic compounds from pure aqueous
solutions' of the compounds and from manufacturing wastes that contain the compounds.
The adsorption will be measured as a function of pH, concentration of adsorbate and
adsorbent, and time. The adsorption of families of compounds will be measured to
systematically determine the mechanisms responsible for adsorption. To aid in a
systematic evaluation of mechanisms responsible for attenuation, a comprehensive
critical review of literature will be undertaken. The various adsorbents tested
will be evaluated as to their potential usefulness as liners for landfills accepting
hazardous organic-bearing wastes.
The results of this study should allow predictive models to be developed that will aid
researchers and regulatory agencies in prediction of adsorption behavior and the rela-
tive pollution hazards of untested compounds with similar structures.
804689
Eutrophication is the problem of excessive biological production as
* result of increased input of limiting nutrients and dominance of un-
desirable species. In order to control eutrophication, therefore, it is
essential to understand the relationship between nutrient concentrations
and phytoplankton growth. This study will investigate comparative kins-
tics of nutrient limited growth and nutrient uptake (phosphate & nitrate;
in 9 predominant species of phytoplankters in the Great Lakes using con-
tinuous culture methods. Emphasis will be on the control of growth rate
hv intrarp.llular nutrient oools and the effects of pools on nutrient up-
take. Also investigated will be all relevant kinetic constants. In
Addition, the effects of light and temperature on the kinetics will be
studied. Since eutrophication process frequently involves the transition
Between P & N limitations, N-P interaction on growth rate and nutrient
uptake and optimal cellular N/P ratio will be investigated. Sinking is
* major factor in determining the dominance of a certain species. Rela-
tive sinking rates of the major phytoplankters, therefore, will also be
Determined as a function of nutrient limitation, light intensities and
temperature.
37
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804700
If fabric filters can be made to operate at higher than conven-
tional velocity, a proportional reduction in filter size and initial
cost will be possible, making these efficient collectors attractive
for many applications where they are not currently used. For example,
a high velocity filter operating at a superficial filtration velocity
of 25 cm/s (air to cloth ratio of 50 cfm/ft2) need be only 10 to 25
per cent as large as a unit operating at conventional velocities.
The objectives of this project are: (1) to study the practicality
of high velocity fabric filtration, (2) to investigate the phenomena
which limit effective high velocity operation, and (3) to develop
mathematical models to interpret and predict fabric filter performance.
These objectives will be met using experimental work with a three bag
pilot scale filter cleaned by the pulse-jet principle, and theoretical
work to describe filter performance mathematically.
804707
Restoration consists of construction of an outlet to lower the lake level
after large storms. Topsoil and less permeable soils will be removed
to allow improved recirculation into the groundwater system. The lake
will be drawndown to allow desiccation and consolidation of nutrient
laden sediment. Settling ponds are to be constructed so runoff from
the watershed can be collected and treated. Recirculation and aeration
is proposed for re-establishing a fish population.
38
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304709
Objectives
1. To evaluate the effects of blending two or more waters of different origin
and inorganic chemical content in public water systems as related to consumer
acceptance and consumer costs directly attributable to water quality.
2. To quantify corrosion rates and calcium carbonate deposition tendency in
dynamic water systems before and after blending in order to develop control measures
to minimize deterioration of water system facilities and household plumbing.
Approach
Data will be gathered on eighteen water quality parameters to measure
changes in chemical composition related to corrosion and stability, dissolution of
metals from water system facilities and household plumbing, and deterioration in
quality with respect to turbidity, color, and esthetic acceptability at the consumer
tap.
Current Plans
The EPA Mobile Water Quality Research Laboratory will be deployed at selected
sites within the service area of The Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California where imported waters from the Colorado River and California Aqueducts
are blended within its distribution system or mixed with local groundwater sources
of its member agencies. Chemical and physical testing will be performed continuously
for periods of 48 hours or longer with an on-board computer to take and store data
which will be transferred to MWD's computer center for statistical analysis and
xy (concentration vs. time) plotting.
804710
A one year study for the removal and recovery of fluoborates
from electroplating waste streams using ion flotation is being
carried out. The basis for this study are the results of a pre-
liminary investigation where it was shown that over 90 percent of
the fluobcrate nay be removed from a plating waste stream sample
"sing the acetate salts of n-alkyl amine surfactants as the flo-
The goals of the investigation will be to optimize the ion
flotation process for removal of the fluoborate, breaking of the
resulting foam, process development for recovery of the surfactant
and the fluoborate and a pilot plant design for on-line evaluation
39
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804724
The two distribution systems of Salem and Beverly would be studied
along with their common source by measuring various microbiological, chemical-
and physical parameters to help determine if certain criteria should be used
in measuring water quality. The information obtained would be cross matched
to determine if thefe was a significant correlation between the data gathered.
The microbiological tests performed would be the standard plate count, coli-
form enumeration and identification The chemical tests would consist of pH
and chlorine measurements while the physical parameters of turbidity and temper-
ature would be measured. Special attention would be paid to the relationships
between the level of turbidity vs the standard plate count and the standard
plate count vs coliform count Also, care would be taken to identify organisms
that are able to grow on the media of the standard plate cound and coliform
test so that it could be determined what organisms are competing for the same
nutrients on the plates and in the distribution system With all the tests and
identifications performed it could then be determined, one, how effectively
the coliform test is performing; two xjhether the trubidity levels affect
the general microbial and coliform populations; three, whethsr the new identi-
fication procedures could be used effectively by water laboratories This basic
information could be used to determine whether or not standards should be set
and if they should be, then what level should the standards be set at
804728
"Restoration Analysis and Rehabilitation of Medical Lake"
Monthly and semi-monthly physical, chemical and biological parameters
will be determined at two-meter intervals from the surface to the
•• • T w « rf i i VMI uii\_ J u I I U.\_C Uw LIlC
a H*tprnn ,: deeP"t portion of the lake. With this information,
a determination will be made of the concentration of aluminum sulfate
needed to precipitate the available phosphorus in the lake The
aluminum sulfate applications will be made soon after the ice melts
in the spring and again at the height of the water stratification
in ear ly tall.
40
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804734
The algal-meander system utilizes shallow stream algal growth to treat lead-
zinc mining and milling wastes. The first year of the project has been spent
in developing very rapid screening techniques to determine which algal forms
remove metals and under what physical conditions. Principal objectives in the
second phase are a) to scale up algal-meander models from microculture to labora-
tory pilot plant; b) to determine feasibility of continuous removal of metal
and organometallic compounds from wastewater; c) to develop kinetic equations
for heavy metal and organometallic removal by algae; and d) to examine the
feasibility of replacing living algae in the meander systems with dried algae,
natural products or synthetic materials.
The approach will be to use continuous flow laboratory models with defined
algal population and feedstock containing known concentrations of heavy metals
and/or organometallics. From analyses of the effluents, the adsorption kinetics
can be calculated and developed into design criteria for full size systems.
Factorial combinations of metal type, algal type, time of exposure, temperature,
presence of organic pollutants, etc., can be evaluated. This information can
be used to improve the design of algal-meander systems, to extend their use
for industrial wastewater treatment, and to achieve recovery of useful materials
from waste.
304740
Photochemical oxidation of nitric oxide followed by aqueous scrubbing of the
reaction products is considered an attractive near term control technique for coal
field utility and industrial boilers. The technical and economic limits of the
brocess will be evaluated in this study. The work is particularly important due
(to the increasing reliance on coal and the inherent limitations of combustion
Codification techniques for NOX control.
» The specific objectives include the determination of the product quantum yield
fn both the far ultraviolet band of 1800-2000A and in the middle ultraviolet band
if 2000-3000A These parameters will serve as a meaningful indication of the
Oxidation efficiency of the mechanisms under various physical conditions. The
product quantum yield values can be easily translated into energy cost estimates.
A nested continuous stirred tank reactor system (CSTR) has been selected as
In optimal design for accurately determining product quantum yield. A simulated
ftack effluent is irradiated in a cotrmercial quartz 1 liter CSTR which is mounted
ithin a much larger CSTR.
Product analysis is done using a chemiluminescent NO analyzer (TECO Model
OA) and a Pulse Fluorescent SCL Analyzer (TECO Model 40)? The possible presence
tf aerosol is indicated by a Condensation Nuclei Counter (Environment One). A
iillipore filter will be used to collect any aerosol formed for subsequent
malysis. Nitrogen and sulfur balances will be attempted.
4 1
-------
804748
!• Objectives; Organics in water and sediment will be analyzed. Empha-
sis will be placed on the development of techniques to fingerprint oil
spills in water and other bodies (marine life, sediments) which have been
exposed to crude oil and petroleum products. A general method will be
developed to distinguish between indigenous hydrocarbons and organics
which have been introduced artificially.
2. Approach. High resolution gas chromatography with glass capillary
colums and multiple detectors will be used. At least 3 sets of character-
istic patterns will be developed for each sample. These will include a
general profile (FID) and chromatograms which are produced by a nitrogen
sensitive AFID and a sulfur sensitive FPD. The chromatograms will be
treated by pattern recognition techniques. Complete separation of criti-
cal areas will be accomplished using a dual oven/two dimensional gc with
two capillary columns.
3. Current Plans and Progress. A two dimensional gc has been success-
fully tested. Selected components or groups of substances are switched
from the first gc into the second instrument for further resolution.
Switching is effected by Dean's switches with off-line solenoid valves.
An electrical heating device is presently installed which will allow the
temperature of the intermediate trap to be raised from -100°C to +280°C
in 20 msec or less.
804763
The detection and location of water levels, water pockets,
voids and various other discontinuities between different layers
of earth or rock is critical in insuring the performance and
safety of earth dams. Such underground anomalies are particu-
larly undersirable in the earth dams and dikes that contain
hazardous materials since these relatively small embankments
are generally not engineered or constructed in a rigorous and
professional manner.
Che possible technique for detecting and monitoring such
^Of»l +** *W»/J *.-»OoV *n'^3'2C* i «" th""* T1 *". ^ C"^ ***** ""' •*•*••* t*+irv+<~ T>»- I* *~. *•»« 4 ** ~ ~.~~*
tinuous or pulsed microwaves at the dike and recording the re-
turn signal as it is reflected from the anomaly, the location,
type and depth of faults can be determined. A literature search
(technical, equipment, legal and safety) will be undertaken and
a number of laboratory experiments will be performed to assess
the practicality of using microwaves for the non-destructive
assessment of dike stability. Basic soil properties such as
dielectric constant, conductivity, attenuation, phase shift,
and velocity, will also be determined.
The final result of this project will be the detailed
specification for a inexpensive, mobile, microwave unit (with
known limitations) to determine underground water, irregularities,
and discontinuities in small earthen dikes.
42
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804764
The primary goal of the study is to identify the intermediate
and final products formed when aromatic hydrocarbons are irra-
diated with oxides of nitrogen under simulated atmospheric
conditions.
804765
Project is threefold; increase water depth, reduce sedimentation and reduce
nutrient inflow. This will be accomplished by dredging, implementing "best"
land use management practices to include stream bank protection and sta-
bilization program.
804768
Restoration Plan: Selectively dredging 300,000 cubic yards from those areas
where sufficient organic sediment exists to promote growth of water milfoil.
Diversion of the inflowing stream in the upper northwestern part of the lake,
Finally, application of an herbicide to control the growth of water milfoil
to favor more desirable native plants.
43
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804774
The objectives of the proposed investigations are the identification and
quantitative determination of the organic and inorganic arsenic compounds
which might be present in drinking water supplies. The samples will be
selected and collected by EPA and shipped to Texas A&M University. In
addition, all other substances dissolved and suspended in the water samples
are to be determined. Special attention is to be given to the differences
between the chemical composition of the various water samples to elucidate
possible synergistic interactions between compounds as they might relate to
cancer or other illnesses.
Standard methods of water analyses will be employed for the determination of
dissolved and suspended solids. Arsenite and arsenate will be quantified by
polarography, reduction to arsine and determination of the volatile compounds
by plasma arc emission or conventional GC-detectors. Organic arsenic compounds
will be reduced to volatile organic arsines and/or organyliodoarsines and
detected by GC-techniques and mass spectrometry. Neutron activation, atomic
absorption and X-ray fluorescence will be used to determine the total arsenic
content. ESCA techniques will be evaluated as a tool for speciation of arsenic
compounds.
Thus far five water samples have been analyzed. The arsenic content ranged
from 0.7 to 7 ppm. The arsenic is present in most of the water samples
mainly as arsenite and arsenate. The analyses are now being repeated with
carefully collected and preserved samples with special attention to organic
arsenic compounds which might be present in low concentrations.
804311
The Environmental Protection Agency has contracted for the construction of a
pilot plant coal gasification-gas cleaning test facility at North Carolina State
University, to be operated by faculty and staff of the Department of Chemical
Enqineering. The facility consists of a continuous fluidized bed gasifier, de-
vices for removing particulates, condensables, and soluble matter from the raw
synthesis gas, and an acid gas removal system. The gasifier operates at pres-
sures up to 100 psig, has a capacity of 50 Ib coal/hr, and can run with either
steam -0? or steam-air feed mixtures to produce roughly 25 SCFM of make gas. ne
AGRS is modular in design, so that alternative absorption processes may be evalu-
ated with a minimal amount of system modification being required.
The overall objective of the project is to characterize completely the gaseous
and condensed phase emissions from typical coal gasification-gas cleaning pro-
cesses and to determine how emissions depend upon various process parameters.
Initially, this will require the determination of the fate of selected trace ele
mentis and hazardous substances and the development of the necessary sampling and
analytical strategies.
44
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80A813
The objective of the three year study is to assess jin vitro mutagenic/carcinogenic
potential of organic substances in renovated wastewaters and attempt to identify the
fractions/chemicals responsible for the action. Wastewater renovation plants repre-
senting a wide variety of treatment methods - natural sand beds, physical-chemical,
and biological, are selected to enable correlation of the data on mutagenicity/
carcinogenicity to the treatment technology. The study will provide information on
health hazards from reclaimed wastewater for potable use and assist in setting
priorities for in-depth toxicological testing.
First year was devoted to assessment of the mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of
unconcentrated secondary effluent- and advanced wastewater treatment effluents
utilizing Salmonella and yeast mutagenesis assays. Secondary effluent, and lysimeter
samples collected from different depths of the sand beds at Lake George AWT Plant
showed no mutagenicity. Wastewaters spiked with known mutagens revealed that mutagens
can be detected in wastewaters without significant interference from the components of
wastewaters with the bioassay system and/or with the activity of mutagens. Secondary
and AWT effluent samples collected from Bay Park Water Reclaimation Plant exhibited
weak mutagenicity in Salmonella strain TA-1535.
In the second year, concentration of organics from secondary- and AWT effluents
and analysis of the concentrates for mutagenicity/carcinogenicity using in vitro
bioassay procedures shall be undertaken. Since no single concentration device can
be used to remove all organics of concern, a variety of concentration techniques -
polyurethane foam plugs, XAD-2, liquid-liquid extraction, and thermal extraction
for low-molecular weight volatile organics, shall be used. To determine if
nutagens/carcinogens are present in the form of conjugates, crncentrates will be
.tested after acid- and enzyme hydrolysis.
804815
The obiective of the proposed project is as follows: To reduce the impact of
rapid urbanization on'the water quality of Jackson Lake ^ restoration of
Jackson Lake includes the utilization of a combination of sett! ng ba=,,n>
some of which are already in existance but have not been mainta ined or otner-
wise may have to be modified, channel modifications, and the establishment
of a final high water biof iltration marsh.
45
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804819
Objective. Evaluation of overall cost-benefit impacts of charging solid
waste costs at the point of production.
Approach. (1) gathering the relevant materials and preparing a draft
summary (2) discussion and evaluation of the summary with we-11-informed
representatives of the various potential user categories, and (3)
preparation of a revised final report taking into account user comments
and critisims.
804834
The purpose of this project is the development and application of a membrane
electrode system capable of in situ measurement of dissolved ozone. There is a
pressing need for such a sensor system, especially in view of recent interest in the
utilization of ozone as an alternative to chlorine in water and wastewater disinfection
and treatment processes.
An inherent part of this study is the development of a process controlled ozonator
for water treatment applications in which the rate of ozone generation is controlled
by membrane electrode measurement. This system will be tested on a pilot plant scale
and in water supply and waste treatment plants.
Furthermore, the membrane electrode under investigation is inherently capable of
measurement of ozone in gaseous and nonaqueous media. The feasibility of these
particular applications will also be investigated.
Previous work by the principal investigator resulted in the development of steady
state and pulse voltammetric membrane electrodes for dissolved oxygen measurement.
Preliminary investigations on the development of an ozone membrane electrode
resulted in a prototype capable of detecting aqueous ozone in the part per billion
range, in the presence of oxygen. This electrode system has unique design character-
istics and membrane material different from the oxygen membrane electrode.
Further work is needed for the (a) optimization of the electrode design and
testing different types of membranes, (b) development of compact, portable, circuitry
package for signal processing, (c) determine the electrode performance characteristics
in the field, and (d) develop and field-test the process controlled ozonator.
46
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804836
A program to investigate the pyrolysis of agricultural residues and feediot
wastes in a steam atmosphere is to be done. The program is motivated by the evident
need to upgrade the energy value of organic wastes for them to become a nationally
significant fuel resource. Hydrogen produced from solid wastes by steam pyrolysis
could be used to meet a portion of the Nation's natural gas demand. Experimental
work on the kinetics of steam pyrolysis is needed to design a practical reactor
system and to establish the regimes where minimum levels of environmental pollutants
are produced.
The research program outlined in this effort will complete the investigation of
the effects of diverse parameters, e.g., heating rate and ultimate temperature, parti-
cle size, reactor residence time and pressure on steam pyrolysis. In addition,
catalysis of the pyrolysis reactions and effects of trace constituents of the waste
on catalysis will also be studied. Mathematical models based on differential
equations describing the rate processes will be developed when appropriate. The
research program is aimed at determining the optimal conditions for the production
of a synthesis gas (composed primarily of H2, CO, and C02) from organic wastes by
steam pyrolysis. In order to achieve this goal, yields of char and liquid products
will be minimized. Ultimate pyrolysis temperatures will also be kept as low as
possible, but other conditions will be treated as true variables in the optimization
process.
Results from this research will facilitate the design of a continuous, small-
scale chemical reactor primarily for waste gasification, though some waste lique-
faction information will also result.
47
-------
804854
The primary objectives of this investigation are:
1. To establish the feasibility of upgrading existing primary sedimentation plants to
meet the secondary treatment requirements of PL 92-500 through the installation of
rotating biological contactors (RBC's) in the upper half of existing primary clari-
fiers and a false floor at mid-depth to form a lower secondary clarification zone.
2. To establish the degree of pretreatraent and supplemental oxygen supply (if any)
necessary to successfully operate an RBC system in this mode.
3. To evaluate the effects of climatic, diurnal flow, and total daily load variations
on process emciency.
4. To establish design parameters and capital and operating costs for the application
of this upgrading technique to maximize the use of existing tankage and facilities
at other existing primary sedimentation plants.
Operation of Edgewater's converted primary clarifier test module (0.5 ngd+) over the
past 2 years has demonstrated to the Borough the potential of the RBC/false floor
concept to upgrade performance to secondary treatment levels. However, the existing
installation lacks certain control refinements which are necessary to determine lir.it-
ing conditions of the process as related to hydraulic and organic loadings and diurnal
flow variations. It is the intent of this project to provide for the installation of
equipment to accurately monitor and control flow and to efficiently remove grit and
trash, to provide for the collection and analysis of flow proportional 24-hour compos-
ite samples, and to establish and carry out a systematic procedure for evaluating the
primary clarifier/RBC test system over a meaningful range of loading conditions and
for optimizing process results. The concept will be analyzed on a cost effective and
treatment efficiency basis, especially as to its applicability to similar primary
plants throughout the country.
48
-------
804864
The objectives of this project are: 1) to determine the applicability of the Bellar-
Lichtenberg methods for volatile organics analysis (VGA) in water to a variety of types
of compounds and 2) to investigate the variations in analytical precision that are in-
duced by modifications in the hardware, software, and sample-handling procedures.
Variables to be investigated include: 1) sample size, container type, and the presence
of head space; 2) temperatures and times of storage; 3) methods of sparging sanples,
trapping efficiencies, and desorption methods; and 4) instrumentation variables such as
column packing, column geometry, heating rate, and gas flow rate. Once an optimum
procedure for sampling, handling, and analysis has been devised, its applicability to a
variety of types of organic compounds will be investigated. Groups of compounds to be
studied include ethers, alcohols, mercaptans, amines, esters, nitriles, and a variety
of aromatics, including simple, complex, halogenated, and conjugated types.
The project is to be developmental in nature and is designed for a one-year period.
The work will be entirely bench-scale experimentation, and the results will be statis-
tically analyzed in an attempt to identify those variables that significantly affect
the results of the VGA. This work will identify areas requiring additional research,
and hopefully be instrumental in devising a standard method for the sampling, handling
and analysis of volatile organic compounds that may possible be in drinking water.
804885
This project is to write the second of two volumes on the toxicology of pesti-
cides. The first of these volumes, published in 1975 by Williams and Wilkins, deals
with the general principles of toxicology and with what might be called the epidemi-
ology of pesticides poisoning in man and animals. The second volume will deal with
groups of pesticides and with individual compounds within these groups,. The two
volumes were planned from the beginning as separate parts of a single unified work.
This work may be viewed as an expansion of my Clinical Handbook on Economic Poisons.
Although the Handbook enjoyed extensive use in this country and abroad, it contained
almost nothing to orient the reader to general toxicology or to the overall picture
of pesticide toxicity and storage. Hopefully, that need has been filled by my book,
Toxicology of Pesticides, now published., It remains to present that part of subject
to which nearly all of the Handbook was devoted. Attention will still be given al-
roost entirely to compounds that have been studied in man, mainly in connection with
occupational exposure or accidental or intentional poisoning, but surprisingly often
in connection with planned experiments or therapeutic uses. Special attention will
be given to clinically useful information including minimal dosages that have proved
dangerous and maximal dosages that were tolerated. No attempt will be made to cover
animal studies completely, but those that might contribute to an understanding of
Poisoning or to its treatment will be reported.
49
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804895
This project would determine the feasibility of using hypolimnetic
aeration and nutrient inactivation as a combined treatment to arrest
and mitigate the effects of eutrophication in a reservoir.
Lafayette Reservoir is a 126 acre, 4200 acre-foot reservoir in the
San Francisco Bay metropolitan area. The reservoir is currently used
for recreation and as a standby domestic water supply.
Aeration of the hypolimnion would occur for seven months in each of
two consecutive summers. Aluminum sulfate would be applied to the
reservoir twice during the first summer - first to the surface layer
and then through the aerator to the hypolimnion. The treatments are
expected to remove nutrients from the water and sequester them in
the benthic sediments.
804902
The project will use pilot plant studies of chTori nation disinfection with
chlorine dioxide and adsorption of organics by granular activated carbon
to determine their efficacy in removing specific organics from drinking
water.
50
-------
804914
The project is designed to improve the water quality of Lake Mary
Ronan by restricting nutrient loading to the lake by fencing the
cattle in the watershed away from tributary streams and the lake.
Reducing lake nutrient levels is expected to reduce algal growth
and improve oxygen levels in the hypolimnion.
804916
A program is underway to develop a new FT nmr spectrometer system of unprece-
dented sensitivity for a large class of applications dealing with biomolecular
structure and function. The spectrometer uses a wide base 3.5 Tesla superconducting
solenoid and is based on 3 rf synthesizers. Essentially all magnetic nuclides will
,;be observable in 15 to >30 mm sample tubes.
Several new applications are being investigated for the new instrumentation;
studying environmental toxic materials with emphasis on elucidation of toxin-induced
changes in biomolecule structure and function. One project will utilize variable
frequency 13C relaxation measurements to elucidate the form of interaction between
organic toxins and model membrane systems. Another project involves specialized
synthesis of short "native" DNA's and subsequent nmr studies of heavy metal toxin
binding and intercalation into the DMA structure. A third application utilizes 31P
nmr and ultralarge sample tubes to speciate organophosphorus pollutants in natural
waters. The largest (35-50mm) sample tubes will also be used in an attempt to
directly observe t&xin metabolism/degradation by living cells, using 31p nmr and C
and N nmr (with isotopic enrichment).
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804917
The purpose of this project is to assess the environmental impact of
wastewater contaminants originating from the production of synthetic fuels
from coal, and to evaluate alternative wastewater treatment technologies
for the control of these contaminants. The project is carried out in
several phases over a 5-year period consisting of (a) a literature review
and survey of pilot- and full-scale coal conversion facilities to identify
specific contaminants which might be found in coal processing wastewaters,
(b) a. study of the biodegradability of selected organic constituents from
such wastewaters including an assessment of the aquatic Impact of these
constituents and biodegradation products, (c) biological and physical-
chemical treatability studies of selected organic constituents and
identification of the residuals following treatment, (d) animal toxicology
studies to evaluate the potential health effects of those wastewater
components for which sufficient information is not available in the
literature, (e) treatability studies of composite synthetic and real coal-
processing waters including analytical characterization and aquatic impact
assessment of the treated waters, and (f) development of design criteria
for continuous treatment of wastewaters from coal-conversion facilities.
804920
Special terrestrial compartmentalized microcosms are used for the study of the
ecological and biological effects as well as the interaction of pesticides in a soil-
plant and animal ecosystem. The major objectives are to investigate
1. The biological effects and interactions of pesticides on plants grown in these
microcosms as affected by a number of environmental conditions such as rain, tem-
perature, air humidities, plant pathogens, soil types, and the presence of residues
of different groups of pesticides in the soil.
2. The fate of a ^C-insecticide in the soil of the terrestrial part of the micro-
cosm as affected by various environmental conditions.
3. The qualitative and quantitative composition of run-off water from the soil.
4, The effect of pesticide contaminated run-off soil water on biological systems
in water as affected by various environmental conditions.
52
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804925
Classical erosion control methods used for non-irrigated agriculture
will be evaluated for their cost-effectiveness in nonpoint source
pollution control. The project will include a conference entitled
Best Management Practices for Agriculture and Silviculture.
804926
Improvements in fabric filter performance obtained by control of
'lemental fiber geometry, fabric construction, or applied electric
:ields are believed to depend on differences in the structure of the
leposited dust layer or cake. The object of the proposed research
|LS to identify those features of the different dust cakes which can
Account for differences in filter performance. This will be accom-
plished by scanning electron microscopical studies using known
itechniques and possibly new techniques to be developed in the
(Course of the project. On the basis of the information so acquired,
[inproved fabric constructions will be developed in which the
(tendency to deposit dust cakes with desirable features will be
maximized.
5 3
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804946
A current trend in coastal states is to impose stringent disinfection standards on
treated wastewater for the protection of shellfish areas. Several states have also
imposed very stringent disinfection requirements to protect inland waters that are
utilized for water recreation. Ozone has surfaced as the most promising alternative
disinfectant to chlorination; however, research to date has focused on achieving
disinfection standards well above those proposed/imposed for specific receiving streams
This project will be capable of ozonating a side stream from a conventional activated
sludge treatment facility to determine ozone requirements for achieving high levels of
disinfection. Facilities are also available for evaluating ozone requirements on a
tertiary treated effluent. The research plan will evaluate the effect of diumal
variation of raw water on performance and disinfection reliability. Goals on
disinfection are total coliforms below 230, 70 and 3 per 100 ml.
804959
In order to study the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) as an atmospheric
pollutant on the development of and the physiologic responses to atherosclerosis,
two models in swine will be used. In one model, coronary atherosclerosis will be
induced by balloon denudation of coronary endothelium and a high fat, high choles-
terol diet. The effect of carbon monoxide and platelet function on the develop-
ment of the atherosclerotic lesion will be assessed a) by exposing swine to CO
to attain elevated HbCO levels and b) by comparing the atherosclerotic response in
normal and von Willebrand's disease swine. The response of atherosclerotic
swine to stress (aortic cross clamping, anesthesia) and CO exposure will be
assessed. In the other model, the effect of carbon monoxide alone in inducing pre-
atherosclerotic lesions will be determined. A new procedure for studying the
effect of platelet-associated von Willebrand factor in such early lesions of
atherosclerosis will be applied.
54
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804972
'The project objective is to prepare a comprehensive training package, consisting of a
number of audiovisual presentations and an accompanying instructional manual, which can
be used by government and industry to: (1) upgrade and improve the techniques and
procedures for enforcing state and Federal environmental regulations related to
surface mining; (2) acquaint regulatory and production personnel with the environ-
mental sciences, the nature, extent and relationship of surface mining environmental
problems, and the basic environmental control principles and practices; and (3)
explain and illustrate different uses and applications of best available and cost-
effective environmental control techniques.
A format which is generic in nature will be utilized in developing the course. The
use of such a format is desirable in order to facilitate course utilization throughout
the varied and extensive geographic area covered by the IMCC member states. In pre-
paring those portions of the course dealing with the control basis, emphasis will be
given to basic control philosophy, principles, and practices rather than a detailed
coverage of specific laws and regulations within particular states.
The Draft instructional manual is scheduled for completed in December, 1977.
804996
The final goal for this project is the correlation of toxicity in a particular
ecosystem with chemical speciation and use of these correlations to determine realistic
water standards. Biological activity most commonly correlates best with specific
forms or species of contaminants and water quality standards would be most soundly
structured on the probability of an offending species being present or available.
Three areas of activity are involved in meeting project goals:
A. Predictive computer modeling utilizing speciation and toxicity data .
B. Assembling a data base on speciation from literature, experiment, and estimatic
C. Collection and interpretation of toxicity data from literature and experimen-
tation.
date, substantial progress has been made on parts A and B.
55
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804998
Standards and methods of concentration of precipitation components and
analysis will be investigated with routine implementation as the
objective.
805016
Fundamental adsorption and colloid stability theory, physico-chemical
and mass transport concepts, and economic considerations will be
employed to select optimum solids and conditions for an adsorption-
denaturation virus removal process to be used in water treatment or
wastewaier treatment operations. Apparent free energies of adsorption
of 3n, I4C labeled poliovirus type 1 will be measured by batch
experiments on solid phases expected to have high total adsorption
potentials. These values will be compared to those previously measured
on low reactivity solids such as SiOp. Denaturation will be evaluated
by looking at ratios of infectivity to count per minute in unadsorbed
and desorbed virus preparations and by using rate zonal sedimentation
analysis to check for viral degradation products.
A bench scale adsorption-filtration process will be designed to
accommodate solid phases which appear to have the best overall
applicability. This process will be tested with poliovirus type 1
using dechlorinated tap water and secondary effluent, under sterile
and non-sterile conditions.
56
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805029
The Lower Cystic Lake is a deep lake located in Arlington and Medford at the up-
stream end of the J^rstic River. Until 1908 when a dam was constructed, the water level
of the Lower Mystic Lake fluctuated with the tide. The denser salt water has been
trapped in the lower depths of this lake since that time. The stratified bottom waters
are anoxic, containing large concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas, and other
decomposition products. During extremely low river flows, hydrogen sulfide is released
into the atmosphere. The purpose of the project is the removal of the salt water,
thereby eliminating the source of the high concentrations of the hydrogen sulfide and
creating a fresh water lake with much greater recreational potential. For a period of
time thereafter, the lake will be aerated to stabilize the sediments aerobically.
The MDC has considerable background information on water quality throughout the
water column. Sulfides have been measured as high as 350 mg per liter, ammonia 50 mgA
and phosphorous 20 mgA.
The project involves precipitation of hydrogen sulfide with ferric chloride
prior to pumping to a nearby HDC sewer
805031
This two year study will evaluate the adequacy of clean-up procedures
used following the June 23, 1976, "NEPCO 140" oil spill in the St.
Lawrence River near Alenandria Bay, New York. During this budget
period, the economic impact of the spill will be analyzed and the
effect of the spill on mammals, waterfowl, and other aquatic resources
will be determined. A final report will also be prepared describing
the details of the entire study.
57
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805036
A study will be conducted to determine the feasibility of developing
a general methodology to assess the socio-economic impacts of imple-
menting alternative nonpoint source pollution abatement controls.
The study will investigate physical transfer functions; benefits of
and beneficiaries from improved water quality; loading, costs, and
distribution of costs; and methods of identifying and dealing with
conflicts.
805047
The lake ecosystem model CLEANER will be improved for use as an environmental-
planning and management tool. Mathematical representations of biologic processes
will be improved, and representations of physical-limnologic processes will be
incorporated. Capability for simulating stratification and horizontal heterogeneit;
will be greatly expanded. The model will be calibrated and validated for diverse,
intensively-studied American and European lakes. It will be coupled to an existing
hydrologic-hydrodynamic modeling package and will be tested for application to data-
poor basins of interest to the EPA.
58
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105091
The overall objective of this research program is to evaluate the
alveolar macrophage response in several species of animals consequent
to the inhalation of standardized sulfate participates, sulfuric
acid, and sulfur dioxide (with and without ferric oxide particles).
The optimum concentration of particles, particle size, and time of
sacrifice of the test animals are being determined in preliminary
studies. A number of measurements of the response of free cells to
these particulates will be made, such as the total number and size
bf free cells available, viability of free cells, phagocytic capa-
bility, and other physiological and biochemical responses.
During the first year of this study, the techniques of aerosol genera-
tion were developed to generate metal sulfate and iron oxide aerosols
in sulfur dioxide atmospheres. Using this methodology, groups of
hamsters were exposed for four hours to sulfur dioxide gas alone and
iron oxide (Fe^C^) aerosols alone, as well as the combination of the
two. Interestingly, when hamsters were exposed to concentrations of
both SOo and Fe20^ at 50 ppm and 10 mg/m^, respectively, a marked
reduction in alveolar macrophage endocytosis of radiocolloidal gold was
pbserved in animals exposed to Fe203 aerosols containing small particles
[MMAD=0.15 um) with large surface areas. This depression in phagocytic
function remained for more than 24 hours and did not appear to return
o normal, control levels until 48 hours following SO;? and Fe^O^
xposure. During the next budget period, we plan to further investigate
he possible additive and cynergistic effects of the interaction of
02 gas and Fe^O-, aerosols and also to investigate three sulfate
pecies.
59
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805102
The principal objective of this project is to evaluate the
recoverability of coliforms from waters which havei a) high
populations of non-coliform organisms; and b) high levels of
turbidity due to natural mineral turbidity, hydrated oxides and
organic debris. An attempt will be made to distinguish the physical
interference effects of turbidity from those effects caused by the
growth of competing organisms. This may be accomplished by:
a) selecting turbidities which vary in their microbial content,
b) selectively reducing the microbial content of a turbidity, and
c) separating the turbidity from its source water and totally
removing the microbjal content by sterilization. The extent of
inhibition of coliform recovery and the interaction of these various
factors will also be considered.
A secondary objective is to determine the mechanism of
inhibition. The most likely possibilities aret a) competition
for nutrients, b) liberation of an inhibitory substance by the
non-coliforms, and c) overgrowth of the coliforms by non-coliforms
on laboratory media.
805125
The objective of this research project is to perfect an in vitro technique
for the rapid screening of teratogens. The plan of approach is to analyze the
effects of organ specific teratogens on the development of the embryo in vitro
Teratogens will be administered to rats on selected days of gestation and the
embryos recovered 24 hours later. These embryos will be cultured for periods up
to 48 hours after recovery. At the end of the incubation period the organ
systems will be studied macroscopically and microscopically for signs of abnormal
development.
60
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805126
(1) Objectives: To determine if bioaccumulated organochlorides or other chemical
residues play an etiological role in Reye's Syndrome by comparing levels of such
toxicants in the adipose tissue, liver, brain, and possibly other tissues of victims
who die of the disease to levels in a control group of children who die of other
causes. Another objective is to obtain baseline data regarding the load of such
persistent toxicants being carried by children in the Great Lakes area.
(2) Approach: A case-control autopsy study will be designed and a gas chromatograph
mass spectrometer/computer used to identify and quantify for chemical residues
including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides.
(3) Current Plans: Analytical techniques will be worked out. Sources of cases
and paired controls found, either by pre-designating certain medical centers in
the Great Lakes region or by waiting for Reye's Syndrome to occur and then arrang-
ing with pathologistsin the area to provide specimens. Specimens will be shipped
on dry ice to the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth where facilities
for the project have been provided. If good data is generated, the results will
be published.
805144
1. Objectives -
Attempt to propagate hepatitis A virus (HAV) in all cell culture and/or
animals.
2. Approach -
Unique tissue culture cell systems (spinner, ferret, gerbil) will be used
and subtle effects of viral growth assayed.
3. Current Plans
(a) Human Amnion cells in spinner culture will be infected with positive HAV
material and the cells assayed for cell count, viability, nucleic acid
biosynthesis, F.A. antigen and radioimmune assay activity.
(b) New cell lines from ferrets and gerbils will be established and inoculated
with HAV. After 4-5 days of incubation the inoculated cells will be
superinfected with a RNA or DNA virus and viral interference documented.
(c) Newborn ferrets will be inoculated with HAV materials and followed for
evidence of infection.
61
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805146
The basic problem to be approached is a continued assessment of the degree to
which specific site binding mechanism operate in species which occupy habitats subject
to heavy metal contamination in the Great Lakes. Studies are also proposed to evaluate
toxic symptoms and stress levels of heavy metals on species collected from these sites
and incubated in the laboratory with additional heavy metals. A cellular approach will
again be used to assess these problems in order to mitigate the problems associated wit*
bulk analysis and extraction procedures. In particular, x-ray microanalysis will be
utilized to locate intracellular binding sites and morphometric techniques will be used
quantitatively measure cellular changes occurring with heavy metal exposure.
Research conducted to date has demonstrated that heavy metal binding with poly-
phosphate occurs in the field and in laboratory cultures of some diatoms. It also
appears that heavy metal exposure may cause a proliferation of cellular membranes at
minimal doses.
805151
This proposal outlines a project aimed at facilitating the dissemination of informa-
tion pertaining to animal production's impact on environmental quality. This will be
accomplished by searching the literature, abstracting pertinent publications, pub-
lishing water-related abstracts in Water Resources Information Abstracts, and submit-
ting a cumulative bibliography of abstracts to the Environmental Protection Agency
for publication at the end of each budget period. The publications to be abstracted
will be examined for the following topics: (1) The environmental impact of animal
production activities on water, ground water, air, soil systems, health, and aesthet-
ics. (2) Feedlot, confinement pen, rangeland, and pasture land management, including
animal waste management; the use of chemical fertilizers, manures, green manures, and
sewage sludge in conjunction with animal production areas; the use of pesticides in
conjunction with animal production areas or animal production-related areas; and pollu-
tion effects of crop residues, soil losses and sediments production from animal pro-
duction areas to animal production-related areas. (3) Legal, economic, and social
constraints. (4) Research and development. The project staff will maintain a file
copy of all articles which appear in the bibliography. Upon request to the project
staff, users will be supplied a copy of individual articles at cost.
62
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805169
Acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteristis is characteristically an epidemic
disease but it also persists in an endemic form that is responsible for sporadic
cases or localized outbreaks, posing a major recurring problem in public health.
The major objective of this project is to assess the contribution of parvo-
virus- like agents to environmentally transmitted enteritis. We plan a two-fold
approach to the problem. One is to design, develop and test a sensitive assay
method for the detection of these agents in stool and water specimens without the
necessity of propagating the viruses. The second approach is to cultivate the
viruses in question in vitro utilizing methodologies that have proven successful for
optimal growth of other known parvoviruses.
Successful completion of this project will result in 1) a reliable method for
the rapid diagnosis of this type of viral enteritis and 2) a rapid way of testing
environmental samples (e.g. large quantities of water) for the presence of enteritis
agents.
805174
(1) Objectives -
a) To determine the degree of added risk of communicable disease incidence
among residents of agricultural communities (kibbutzim) practicing wastewater
utilization as compared to those not utilizing wastewater.
b) To determine whether the added risk is associated with sprinkler irrigation
with wastewater and influenced by proximity of irrigated areas to residential zones
and dominant wind directions.
c) To determine whether the degree of added risk is associated with the
degree of wastewater purification and can be reduced as a result of improved
treatment including disinfection of effluent.
(2) Approach -
Retrospective disease data from some 80 kibbutzim (collective agricultural
settlements) practicing sprinkler irrigation with partially treated non-disinfected
oxidation pond effluent will be collected and compared with disease data from
130 control kibbutzim not practicing any form of sewage utilization. Environmental
factors such as distance from sewage irrigated field, wind direction and degree
of wastewater treatment will be studied.
63
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805185
The basic overlying goal of the Alluvial Valley Floors project is to define which
physical and biological features of alluvial valley floors are of critical
importance in the hydrologic cycle and to discover the interrelationships which
would help define potential impacts of mining on that cycle. The specific objec-
tives of this study are: (a) investigate and describe those hydrologic and
geologic characteristics of alluvial valley floors which are most critical in
the hydrologic cycle including the hydrologic interactions among the surface
waters, the ground waters, soil moisture, infiltration and water quality;
(b) investigate the stratigraphic relations of stream deposits within alluvial
valley floors; (c) identify the soils in the alluvial valley floors, assess the
salinity of each soil, appraise each soil for its effectiveness for subirrigation,
and use soil data to help assess the present land productivity determining where
productivity is dependent on subirrigation or surface irrigation, determine if
soil and alluvium disturbance will affect the salinity or productivity of the soil
and water quality, and determine if disturbance of soils and overburden may alter
infiltration and other physical properties of the alluvial valley; (d) define
a concept for alluvial valley floors; and (e) provide information to help state
regulatory agencies in formulating recommendations and/or guidelines.
805189
The objective is to demonstrate safe beneficial use of wastewater sludge as a
soil amendment on agricultural land. Institutional arrangements to permit objective
evaluations and decisions by both rural and urban residents will be demonstrated.
The effect of proper application and management of a land application of sludge on
public health and the environment will be determined.
Four communities in Ohio that already dispose of sludge by spreading it on farm
land will supply sludge for application to selected farms in a carefully planned and
managed system. In addition to sludge application on fields, sludge will be applied
to carefully selected plots for measurement of its effect on yield and composition
of crop, composition soil, and composition of ground and surface water. An
epidemiological study of livestock and people who come in contact with sludges will
measure the health effects of sludge spreading.
64
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805215
In several instances the source of acute giardiosis in man has been traced to
water supplies, but the source of the water contaminations is rarely discovered.
Wild or domestic animals often have been suspected of contaminating the water.
Giardia has been found in several free-ranging mammals but it is not known if these
will cause infection in man. Therefore, isolates of human 'Giardia lamblia will be
given to as many species of wild and domestic animals as possible (at least 22
species and possibly as many as 33). Additional cross transmission studies will be
done by infecting as many of the 33 species as possible with Giardia recovered from
any free-ranging or domestic animal. As human Giardia will infect dogs, Specific
Pathogen Free (SPF) beagle puppies will be used to screen all positive species.
If the puppies become positive for Giardia, it will be assumed that animals Giardia
will infect humans. Subsequent proof (human infections) must be undertaken by a
medical school or the National Center for Disease Control or the Environmental
Protection Agency.
805223
A conference will be convened In March 1978 on control and prevention of
hazardous material spills. The topics to be presented include:
Legislation and Regulations
Clean-Up Systems
International Programs
Contingency Planning
Prevention
Government Policies and Programs
Personnel Safety
Spill Retrieval Data Systems
Ultimate Disposal
Detection-Monitoring-Report!ng
Response Capabilities
Risk Analysis
Case Histories
Effects and Impacts
Spill Movement
Research and Development
Training
65
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805228
We propose to continue the previous years effort in the areas of:
I. Development of improved apparatus for the control of industrial dust and fume
with charged water fog.
2. Investigate the mechanisms of dust charging including the effects of heating,
impurities, absorption of gases, i.e., SCL, etc.
3. Write a handbook on the Application of Charged Fog for the Control of Industrial
Dust.
4. Continue to work with a variety of industries to demonstrate the application of
charged fog to the control of dust, smoke, etc.
5. Expand the testing of the charged fog system for use on mixtures of fly ash and
SO-. Here we plan to make use of on-campus facilities provided by industrial
supporters and to go in-the-field for tests on small scale dust or fly ash/SCL,
sources.
6. We expect to continue the development of dust controlled hand grinders and work
with industry to bring them on the market.
7. Tests of the charged fog system for control of dust from moving sources, i.e.,
sweepers, front loaders, etc. are scheduled.
66
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805229
(1) This research project is directed at the development of methods for the quantita-
tive analysis and prediction of nutrient and toxic chemical fluxes to and from Great
Lake sediments. The general problem contexts are (A) Nutrient regeneration and fluxes
of ammonia, phosphorus, silica from aerobic and anaerobic sediments. (B) Toxic chem-
ical fluxes and their adsorption/desorption from sediments. (C) Long term analysis of
phosphorus fluxes to the sediments. (D) The sediment oxygen demand of central Lake
Erie sediments.
(2) The calculation of depth distributions of chemical species within a sediment and
their fluxes across the sediment-water interface is based on the solution of a mass
balance equation for each species of interest. For the simple and unrealistic case of
species independent transport the equations can be solved in a straightforward way.
However the realistic case of species dependent transport requires numerical methods.
(3) Important progress has been made in the formulation and execution of sediment
calculations as part of the Lake Erie dissolved oxygen analysis. The current calcu-
,lation includes a one segment sediment model for each basin, representing the top
5 cm. Sediment interstitial water concentrations of ammonia and dissolved oxygen de-
manding material are computed dynamically and respond to the influx of settling algal
and detrital carbon.
A basic requirement for any quantitative analysis of the effect of sediments
on the behavior of toxic chemicals requires a rather detailed analysis of the adsorp-
tion/desorption mechanisms. A projected analysis of PCB distributions in Saginaw Bay
provides a specific setting for an evaluation of this problem. A review of the liter-
ature on PCB adsorption/desorption for natural sediments indicates that the available
data are sketchy and variable. Therefore in order to proceed with this component of
the research it will be necessary to perform a series of experiments designed to
obtain the necessary information using Saginaw Bay sediments.
67
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805253
(1) Objectives. The objectives of the proposed research are to determine
mechanisms and rate of sulfuric acid and sulfates formation from
catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide, to investigate the effects of
catalytic iron salts and organic compounds on conversion of sulfur
dioxide in aqueous solutions and to assess the role of liquid phase
oxidation in the formation of sulfates aerosols in ambient and
polluted atmosphere.
(2) Approach. Kinetic experiments will be carried out in liquid phase
using stopped-flow technique. Mechanisms and rate of oxidation of
sulfur dioxide by oxygen and ozone in aqueous solutions will be
determined utilizing the kinetic data. Catalytic effects of iron
salts and influences of organic compounds on the reactions will be
investigated.
(3) Current Plans. The proposed research will be divided into several
subsystems to study the kinetics of oxidation with or without
catalytic agents and organic compounds. The experiments will be
conducted at temperatures ranging from 10 to 30°C in aqueous
solutions with pH ranging from 2 to 11. Absorbances and, in turn,
concentrations of the solutions during reactions will be measured
and analyzed to determine the reaction kinetics.
68
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805264
"Lake Sacajawea Rehabilitation"
(a) To divert nutrient and sediment laden waters from the lake by
dilution and displacement, and
(b) to remove nutrients from within the lake by dredging organic
rich sediment from its bottom
69
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805284
"Finger Lakes Restoration Project"
(a) To connect twelve small acidic lakes to form one long narrow
lake, and
(b) to construct five small dams, and
(c) to remove two plugs of mine spoil.
805288
This project is to evaluate the use of tropho-dynamic analysis of food web relation-
ships in the determination of the recovery of a polluted coastal system follevying the in-
itiation of a pollution control program for the processing of bleached kraft mill efflu-
snt. This project is to develop methods of quantitative sampling and statistical analy-
sis of field collections with an emphasis on the interrelationships of habitat recovery.
trophic response of dominant population, and succession of coastal assemblages within a
predetermined spatial and temporal context.
By using an extensive (existing) data base togetner witn comprenensive stati'sucd!
analysis of the distribution of benthic rnacrophytes, fishes, and invertebrates (infanna,
epifauna) in formerly polluted and unpolluted (control) areas of Apalachee Bay (Fig. "i},
the feasibility cf utilizing tropho-dynamic responses of fishes will be studiea to deter-
mine the mechanism of recovery in a shallow coastal system. Various hypotheses will oe
tested which associate habitat destruction to community structure, with an emphasis on
testing the feasioility of relating feeding relationships to recovery of damaged aquatic
systems. It is anticipated that such methods will then be applied to related problems
:oncerning impact analysis and recovery problems in other coastal systems. Past studies
lave shown that the impact of organic pollutants such as kraft mill effluents cause
serious disruptions in natural energy transfer mechanisms (Livingston, 1977). This
7ttidy is designed to analyze such relationships so that recovery rates can be establishec
in a comprehensive fashion. By applying statistical tests of significance to stomach
pontent data in a spatially-oriented and time-related series of collections, this pro-
ject will provide a basis of comparison for other such field projects in the future.
thus, the proposed project based on extensive studies carried out over the past 6 years
Jin the area of study, will approach certain important questions concerning population
'and community trophic response while estimating the effectiveness of a pollution control
program and the recovery potential of a shallow coastal system.
70
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805295
"Prevention of Pollution in Municipal Water Supply Reservior"
The objective of the project is to reduce sediment and nutrient
loading to Vandalia Reservoir by constructing sediment catchment
basins in the watershed and implementing best land management practice.
The Reservoir will be dredged to restore the original volume of the
impoundment and to remove an in-lake nutrient source.
71
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805310
The City of Moberly, Missouri proposes the rehabilitation, upgrading
and the mitigation of existing environmental degradation of Bothwell
Lake, a 25 acre public access lake, located in Rothwell Park a 330
acre public recreation area on the west central edge of the city.
The lake, approximately 25 acres in size, is undergoing rapid eutro-
phication due largely to siltation combined with both point and non-
point pollution. This process is resulting in the lowering of the
lake's recreation potentioal by rapidly decreasing the water depth, poor
oxygenation, excessive growth of aquatic plants and accompanying
problems which affect the maintenance of a manageable fish population.
While anumber of alternatives are possible to slow the eutrophication
process and to provide for a manageable lake environment, the most
beneficial long-term solution would be to dredge the mud and silt from
the northern end of the lake bottom and deposit it in an acceptable
holding basin.
805312
The objective of the proposed research is to develop, by means of a
laboratory investigation, a less cumbersome and more accurate means of deter-
mining discharge over a 90° V-notch weir by taking direct measurements
at the weir plate. Compliance monitoring in connection with NPDES permits
requires a procedure that can be easily applied in the field with a minimum
of tools or instrumentation. Weir head, the level pool head above the
weir crest, is a difficult measurement to make since it must be made some
distance upstream of the crest. Therefore, the main thrust of the invest-
igation will be to select a new paramenter that can be measured in the
vicinity of the weir plate. The new parameter is to be related to discharge
by defining an empirical relationship by means of calibration tests to be
conducted over the discharge range of approximately 0 to 5 cubic feet
per second. Drawdown of the water surface in the vicinity of the weir
plate will require careful definition of the new measurement parameter.
7 2
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805333
The objective of this project is to construct a thorough description of the
composition, distribution and correspondence to prominent environmental features
(e.g., sediment texture, concentrations of toxic chemicals) of benthic animals in
Lake Michigan. A set of 302 samples arrayed over the entire lake was collected by
the Canada Centre for Inland Waters in 1975. These samples will be processed under
the present contract and supplemented by an additional 252 samples concentrated
in the nearshore areas (less than 60 m deep) of the main basin in July 1977. Data
from both sets of samples will be 'analyzed particularly for information about indi-
cator species, so that a benchmark for future comparisons and assessments of relative
improvement or deterioration of the benthic environment will be available. Des-
criptions of other basic characteristics of the benthos, such as arrangements of
species into assemblages, and geographical gradients in assemblages which are related
to climate or circulation patterns in the lake will also be undertaken.
805366
The proposed project is intended to monitor water quality parameters over
a period of two yearsthat will give detailed information concerning the present
water quality status of Santa Rosa Sound, Escambia-Santa Rosa Counties, Florida.
From bi-weekly field samples, water quality parameters will be measured against
a background of physico-chemical data. These parameters include B.O.D.,
inorganic and organic carbon, algal cell counts and types, and bacterial
numbers and sizes. The major types of phosphate and nitrogenous species
will be determined and correlated with algal population composition and
primary production rates (to be measured in situ by the C techniqu^.
The effects of nitrogen-phosphorus enrichment on algal productivity will be
determined by employing the primary productivity measurement technique on
in situ cultures on a seasonal basis. In addition to the regular sampling
Tigimen, diel studies will be conducted to delineate daily trends in water
quality parameters. Pilot investigations will be conducted periodically
to indicate areas needing further investigation. It is anticipated that the
information obtained from the proposed study will aid in the establishment
of recommendations for the improvement of water quality in Santa Rosa Sound.
73
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805371
The objectives of this project will be to evaluate both the cost and performance of a carbon
regeneration system utilizing fluid bed principles, the cost and capabilities of a semiautomatic system
for carbon handling, and the adsorptive effectiveness of virgin carbon and regenerated carbon for
removal of chlorinated organic substances from drinking water. It has recently been established that
the combination of chlorine plus natural precursor substances results in the formation of suspected
human carcinogens known as trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromoform, etc0) Granular activated carbon
is recognized as being an effective means of removing both trihalomethanes and precursors, but little
is known about the cost and removal performance under actual operating conditions.
The general approach will be to utilize one of the four carbon filters at the Treatment Plant
as a test filter,to fill one-half of the filter with virgin carbon, the remaining half with once-
regenerated carbon, and then to compare the rate of trihalomethane removal between the filters over
a repeated number of regeneration cycles .
Construction of the facility is scheduled to begin in April, 1978 and to be completed in the
fall of 1978. The carbon will then be regenerated on a near continuous basis over a two-year
monitoring and evaluation period beginning in January, 1979. Investigative work is to be carried out
by the water supply staff of the Manchester Water Works working in conjunction with the Water Supply
Research Staff of EPA.
805374
The objective is to present a two-day conference entitled
"Coal Cleaninp7An-0^ion for Increased Coal Utilization?' , xn Arlington,
Virginia on May 24, 1°77 and May 25, 1977. The conference will 1 i>»lir^
the institutional, regulatory and economic problems associated vxtn the
use of coal cleaning technology.
The approach is for Sattelle's Colunbus Laboratories, workinp
closely with EPA7"Eo~handle all pre-conference and post-conference
administrative and propra^natic activities for PlannlnR and uoldinp the
conference. A 10
-------
805383
Two recently developed algal bioassays for toxic chemicals in water will be
coopered with the standard Algal Assay procedure: Bottle Test. Test chet.iica.Is
WJ^T; -•r,«i.,j~ ••
—0— .«J*J,..-7 ^tw^cviute. oui-cie lesc. lest cir;
will include ccnrr.only used herbicides, pesticides r.nd some heavy metals, ihe
results from the three tests will bfe evaluated in terms of oase of performance,
comparability cf resulcs, expense and the tiae required to carry out the proce-
dures. The three tast procedures are as follows:
1. The Algal Assay Procedure: Bottle Test; commonly usad at present and
recommended by the USEPA.
2. A test that uses the intensity of bacterial luminescence as r.n index
of algal oxygen evolution and hence photosyrthesis when these two
organises are mixed in the presence of test chemicals.
3. A procedure that employs a polarographic oxygen electrode to determine
the rate of algal o:rygen production as in #2.
805410
The proposed work is the continuation of a study, previously funded by EPA contracts,
to determine the effect of long term exposure to oxidant air pollutants on a western
coniferous forest ecosystem and to develop predictive models for the system. Nineteen
major plots were established along a 35 mile long transect with an oxidant pollutant
gradient. Several other smaller satellite plots have also been established for special
studies and one large plot is used to study tree mortality, A monitoring network is
established to record climate and pollutant conditions. Other subprojects designed to
evaluate pollutant effects include: tree growth, rating of visible pollutant injury on
major tree species; population dynamics study with bark beetle; measure rate of accumu-
lation and decomposition of litter; measure precipitation, soil moisture, and soil
temperature; measure reproduction (cone and seed production) of major pine species
known to be affected by the pollutants; evaluate the response of pathogenic organisms
to air pollutants; determine rate of new seedling establishment and identify organisms
responsible for damping-off; evaluate mortality of tree species and describe succes-
sional patterns. Data collected will be stored in an established data management systeir
and will be used in the development and testing of predictive models,
75
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805428
This research effort is to help evaluate the human health risk of
prolonged exposures to mineral fibers. The project will employ four
different research methodologies to obtain information on the carcin-
ogenicity of mineral fibers as found in the Duluth, Minnesota water
supply prior to mineral fiber removal.
Two major classes of investigation will be undertaken:
1. A retrospective epidemiological evaluation of the incidence of
cancers from all sites occurring within the target population.
a. comparative analysis of age and sex
b. A case-by-case review of all cancers found within the pop-
ulation and evaluation of cancers by site relative to mor-
bidity rates from the Third National Cancer Survey and the
SEEK program of the N.C.I.
These comparisons will be analyzed with consideration given to the
environmental monitoring data compiled from the fourth part of the
project (Environmental Surveillance).
2. The second overall method of risk assessment will be an in-vitro
study employing the so-called Ames screening method for deter-
mination of carcinogenicity followed up by use of mammalian cell
cultures in an attempt to develop a dose-response relationship
between the level of mineral fibers and degree of mutagenicity.
76
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805441
An
1 ' u«,yi, 1S proposed in which the behavioral and
in the
t u - The corals sha11
offshore of Panama City. Cent, s h L 7 °? "" ' "'"^ **"'
exposed to Uncont«naL sea r ""
805445
This three part study is intended to be the first phase of a long terra effort to
prepare guidelines to minimize the health effects from the land application of
municipal wastewater and sludges and from other treatment processes. Population groups
to be considered are those occupationally exposed to all aspects of the waste-handling
operations, those exposed by way of their living, working or having recreational
pursuits nearby and those who consume or otherwise come into contact with any crops
or other products of the treatment system. The first part consists of an evaluation
of current information on the health risks utilizing existing reviews and assessments
as well as a supplemental literature search. This evaluation will also result in de-
tailed plans for additional studies that are needed.
A pilot study of workers exposed to heat dried municipal sewage sludge that is
ultimately applied to the land comprises the second part of the project. Included in
the pilot study is a determination of the chemical and biological properties of the
sludge and examination of the workers for possible effects of the sludge constituents.
The third part is a. cause of death study of former employess of a large ^astewater
treatment system to determine if any causes of death occur more frequently than expectec
The results of this mortality study will be used to help define the need for additional
research.
77
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805458
The goals of the research are to demonstrate that sulfur-containing emissions
from oil-fired and/or coal-fired stacks can be chemically specified and that their
individual concentrations can be monitored by laser Raman scattering. Chemical
speciation and concentration monitoring in real time of the sulfur dioxide emissions
will advance the state of the art of pollution abatement. In particular, such
measurements will further our knowledge of the effects of catalysts (such as
vanadium), the total content in oil or coal, and boiler operating conditions (such
as temperature and oxygen content) on the generation of these individual sulfur-
containing emissions.
We will investigate the Raman shifts and linewidth of i^SO^, SO^, and SC>2 in the
gaseous phase and sulfates in the solid phase (particulates). The Raman shifts and
linewidth will be used as unique signatures of the chemical compounds and their
phases. We will also measure the absolute Raman cross sections of these gaseous
and solid sulfur-containing molecules. The combination of the Raman shift, the
linewidth, and the cross section will enable us to estimate the sensitivity (in terms
of ppm or yg/m3) and the number of different pollutants (in terms of chemical specie
and phase) which can be simultaneously monitored and distinguished in a stack emission
when the laser Raman technique is applied.
805472
The purpose of this investigation will be to determine under what conditions
the hydrocarbon liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE) may be conveniently and
accurately used to determine the concentrations of nine selected volatile organic
halides (VOX) in dilute aqueous solutions which typify U.S. drinking waters.
The nine VOX compounds are: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane,
bromoform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloro-
ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
The following parameters will be varied so as to optimize the LLE method:
(1) nature of the hydrocarbon extraction solvent (n-pentane, n-hexadecane, and
methylcyclohexane will be evaluated);
(2) effect of various sample and solvent volumes at three different solute concen-
trations (see below for details);
(3) effect of added salt (e.g. sodium chloride) and pH on the extraction process;
(4) effect of added methyl alcohol;
(5) effect of added internal standard for GC analysis.
The optimized LLE method will be compared with the purge/trap method of Bellar
and Lichtenberg (JAWWA 66_ (1974) 738} and other VOA methods which appear promising.
78
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805487
The present drinking water standard for selenium is 10 ug/L (10 ppb). This
value is purposefully set at a very low level since it was suggested that selenium
may be carcinogenic. The value is restrictive, yet selenium is nutritionally essential
to animals and humans. In addition, regionally high seleniferous soils yield food-
stuffs containing high selenium in the diet. Recent studies in our laboratory have
shown that 0.1 and 1.0 ppm selenium as sodium selenite in drinking water produced an
adequate selenium status in rats. Experiments are proposed to determine the effects
of various levels of selenium as selenite in water in combination with various levels
of selenium present in food (selenomethionine, Se-methylselenocteine, selenocystathion-
ine, and selenite) on selenium adequacy and/or toxicity. These different forms of
selenium available in foodstuffs will be compared with respect to potency, toxicity,
and their occurrence in the environment. In addition, studies will be conducted to
determine whether selenium has an effect on protein synthesis, either to protect the
liver from toxicity or to potentiate a toxic phenomenon; and on the metabolism of
selenium, to determine its role in detoxification or enhancement of toxicity.
79
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805493
"Electrochemical Coagulation Study for Fish Processing Wastewater"
A mobile pilot plant consisting of electrochemical coagulation/
and onpStP? ? 5y ?and filtration «"1 be designed? constructed
and operated at several seafood processing plants to determine the
technical and economic feasibility of the processes. The sludqe
will be evaluated for possible utilization.
805494
The objective of these studies is to provide a firmer understanding of the
behavior of porous polymer sorbents in source sampling efforts. Previous work has
dealt with the effects of reaction with acids and acid gases on the sorption
capacity and selectivity of these materials. Results to date indicate that
sulfonation and nitration can indeed effect both the amount and the relative
distribution of representative organic compounds on these sorbents. This effect will
be especially significant if the sampling effort is carried out past "breakthrough;"
that is, if the sorbent trap capacity is exceeded by the challenge concentration.
Porous polymer sorbents have been used to sample ambient air and sources at
temperatures in which the principle sorption mechanism is gas-solid adsorption.
More recently, these sorbents have been used in source sampling at temperatures which
cause the condensation of significant amounts of water. This reduces the
probability of acid-polymer reaction but also changes the nature of the sorption
process to a liquid-solid mechanism. In the work proposed both dynamic (liquid
chromatography) and static methods will be examined as methods for the laboratory
measurement of sorption capacity and selectivity as a function of pH and temperature.
In addition, the relation betx^een water-benzene distribution and water-styrene
polymer (XAD-2) adsorption will be examined. Information obtained from literature
values for benzene-water-solute systems and laboratory-measured polymer studies
will be used to attempt to develop a predictive model for sampling purposes.
-------
805504
"Lake McQueeney Restoration Project"
The project consists of the removal of decayed organic matter and silt
by the dredging or excavation of an area of Lake McQueeney to a minimum
depth of 5 feet. Removal of approximately 100,000 cubic yards of
material will be necessary.
805510
Lake Vancouver is a eutrophic urban lake in Clark County, Washington which is
presently undergoing restoration. The objectives of this restoration are the
control of non-point pollution improvements in its aesthetic qualities and the
provision of recreational benefits. The social implications of restoring Lake
Vancouver have not been determined. The objective of this research is to wholistically
examine the range and type of social impacts that may be generated by or associated
with the restoration process. In addition, the research effort will test and refine
a research model previously designed by the principle investigators for the
Environmental Protection Agency. The research approach is adapted from this model
and employs participant observation as well as social survey as methods of data
collection. An integral portion of the research design is a cultural-ecological
framework which illustrates the ability of human populations to adapt to the
presence of resource developments.
KEY WORDS: Social Impacts/Implications
Participant Observation
Cultural-Ecological
Adaptation
81
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805551
Statement of Major Objectives: Phase I: Establish the sites £ types of cancer for which
the rates differ between predominantly industrial £ predominantly residential parts of
Contra Costa County. Phase II: Establish the relationship, if any, between site & type of
cancer as related to occupation from mortality £ morbidity data for the years 197^ thru
1976 in the heavily industrialized & the residential parts of the county. Phase III: Pro-
vide supportive evidence of the relationship between the incidence of selected cancer
sites vs. designed variables & controls, thru the comprehensive interviewing of a case
population of 1000 patients. Phase IV: Final conclusion £ write-up of the study. Major Ac
tivities towards achievement of Objectives: Phase I: Collection of 1969~7^ data of cancer
incidence from the Calif. Tumor Registry (CTR) for Contra Costa Co.; collection of data £
results of interviews of the 3rd Nat'1 Cancer Survey for Contra Costa Co.; analysis 6 pro
cessing of data correlating it to county census tract, age, sex, race 6 other demographic
census parameters as related to cancer site & type; write-up of Phase I report. Phase II:
Collection £ analysis of hospital records £ death certificates for cancer cases for the
years 197^-76; correlating cancer type £ site with occupation £ other variables. Analyze
£ process the data available to correlate site £ type of cancer against census tract, oc-
cupation, birth place £ other variables; write up a field report clarifying the findings
£ conclusions of this phase of activity. Phase III: The field workers will interview 1000
cases with specific selected sites based on findings of previous phase; the comprehensive
questionnaire will be addressed to cases diagnosed during the years 1975~76; the data col
lected will be processed & related to the variables available in the questionnaire form;
air pollution emission patterns will be analyzed; a final report will be submitted at the
end of this phase achieving the objectives stated earlier. Phase IV: The Project Director
in coordination with the project staff, the Technical Advisory Comm. £ other consulting
agencies or individuals, will prepare the final £ comprehensive write-up of the study;
submit same to all concerned agencies; prepare summaries of the study for distribution
and _Dubl Lcatioji,,
805565
n-c * .Ih^.mai1? obJectlve of the proposed research is to determine the utility
of wet oxidation in the destruction of certain hazardous chemicals and to develoo
engineering data which will facilitate the estimation of costs of wet oxidation
a stuHv J^Jf "* Of.1nd"str1a1 o'-ganlc^wastes. This will be accomplished through
a study of the effects of operating variables (temperature, oxygen oressure
agitation intensity, catalysts, pH, retention time) on the wet oxidation of'typical
hazardous_chemicals using both a conventional batch autoclave and a continuous
flow multi-stage autoclave. Major emphasis will be placed on the identification
of intermediate and final reaction products.
_ Practical applicability will be assessed by subjecting sainoles of
actual industrial wastes to wet oxidation. Finally, information gathered in this
study will be used to prepare process flow sheets and cost estimates for a
commercial unit to treat an industrial waste stream
82
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805568
"Blue Lake Restoration Project"
(a) To dredge the northern portion of Blue Lake, and
(b) to conduct a water quality investigation, and
(c) to provide supplementary water source and supply.
805569
1. Objectives: The Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES) was initiated to
assess changes that may occur in the various sectors of society, industry,
and environment as a result of future increases in number of energy con-
version facilities. During the second year of this study each participating
research group will address itself to one of the areas thought to be
affected. The group from the University "of Louisville will address aspects
of water quality, water quantity, and special aquatic habitats.
2. Approach: The assessments will be made by compilation and analysis of
existing data possibly supported by Special Studies of specific areas
where existing data is weak or lacking.
3. Current Plans and/or Progress: Participants from nine midwestern
universities divided into three assessment teams have submitted independent
preliminary first cut assessments of the changes which may occur as a
result of these developments. These assessments will be condensed into one
major document which is to be submitted to Congress in December 1979.
83
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1. Objective; To develop practical pest management procedures for U.S. greenhouses
utilizing Encarsia formosa, Phytoselulus perslmilis > selective pesticides and/or
application techniques for insect and mite control, combined with composted
hardwood bark for control of soil borne diseases.
2. Approach: Initially, this project will involve greenhouse tomatoes, cucumbers,
and poinsettias. Other crops will be added as information is developed. Trials
will be conducted in research as well as commercial greenhouses, as appropriate
to crop - pest combination.
3. Current Plans:
A. Develop parasite and predator rearing and distribution techniques.
B. Conduct demonstration trials in commercial greenhouses throughout Ohio for
insect, mite, and disease suppression.
C. Gather data for registration of selective pesticides and/or application
methods through the IR-4 program.
D. Determine the anti-fungal spectrum of a natural fungicide in composted
hardwood bark.
84
-------
805576
The objectives are:
1. Conduct of a comparative survey of organic residues of drinking water using both bacterial and
tissue culture systems for in vitro detection of active mutagens and carcinogens.
2. To study the metabolic effect of mutagens/carcinogens upon the detector systems.
3. Test organics from drinking water for presence of promutagens.
4. Develop an intestinal epithelial cell system responsive to chemical carcinogens.
5. Fractionation of organics from drinking water by standard means according to their properties
of bacterial toxicity and mutagenesis.
The Salmonella/microsome system will be used with TA98 and TA100 being applied in initial
surveys, followed by other of the major and ancillary testers. Clone 3T3-113 of mouse embryo
fibroblast will be studied for transformation and for mutation. A mouse intestinal epithelial cell sys-
tem will be developed using culture conditions to favor the desired cell type. Liver microsomes wil
be prepared from animals induced by conventional and experimental compounds.
Both with and without added microsomal activation, the mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcino-
genesis will be examined in terms of cell metabolism. Bacterial testers will be studied relative to
the growth phase of the inoculum. Mammalian cell studies will include co-carcinogen and cyclic
nucleotide effects, and a monitoring for viral induction during chemically induced transformation.
Fractionation of chemicals from drinking water will be by methods based upon solubility parameters,
and by high pressure liquid chromarography techniques, according to the activity of fractions in the
Salmonella/microsome system.
85
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S05581
In 197^ the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began a long-term study of air
pollution effects on the grassland ecosystem near coal-fired power plants at Colstrip,
Montana. This study is broad in scope but one particular aspect, of concern here, has
been on the potential of birds as bioindicators of pollution. In the three year period,
197^-76, many avian specimens were collected in the Colstrip area by EPA personnel and
large quantities of data were gathered on seasonal cycles in body composition, organ
system function, and bioenergetics. Since the power plants did not become functional
until 1975 and 1976, these data have the potential of providing a solid base of
information that can be used to quantify pollution effects which may accrue in the
future. At this time, however, many of the collected bird specimens have not undergone
laboratory processing nor has existing data been pulled together in useful form. It
is the purpose of the study proposed herein to complete the necessary laboratory pro-
cedures on stored specimens, make additional collections, if necessary, to fill infor-
mational gaps, compile and evaluate all pertinent data, and construct a final report of
sufficient scope and detail that will constitute an effective documentation of biologies
function in grassland birds of the Colstrip area.
805583
7. ObjictiveA: To deJ:eAmine. the. tkeAmaJL pAe.fjeAe.nce, o{, each ofi thAe.e. AtockA
0& LaAgemoathe.d ba&A (MicAopteAuA AolmiodeA) . Stock* oAe,
OA: NoAtheAn - Aienn. oA U^A'. faiAh, MidAtateA - Tern?.
and SoutheAn - LouiAana
2. Young o^ the. y&aA baAA Mitt be obtained ft/torn tint -idnnti^^d OSLHOA and
condi£i.one.d to tut tankt> faon a, one. weefe. pe/u.od puLon. to a. &VJLAJL
fUsk wJJL be p£ace.cf /en tejmpeAatuA.& p/te^eAence appa/uttuA ( a 4£^t
Akutttz 6oxe4 -en wh4.dn a fc-i&h contsio&> itA own
by cnco4-uig a 4/ede o^ the. divtde.d expeuwenta^ tank. Vi.vi.deA kaA photo-
ztzctsiic c&tlA which monitor, the. paAAing o£ the. faiAh and tuAn o^ on. on t
tank h&ateAA to incAzoAe. oft de.cAe.aAe, the. tank tmpeAatWie,. } Two
witi be. Ann on e.ach
3. TempeAotusie. p/te^eie.nce fiox. each Atock loiJUL be. deteAmine.d and data teAte,d
-iee i£ significant di^eAe.nceA zxiAt between
86
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805585
This proposal is part of a series of institutional grants which comprise
the Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Phase II, Year II. The broad objectives
of this study are to engage in a comprehensive policy oriented technology
assessment that addresses the environmental, public health, economic,
institutional, and social effects of locating various combinations of
energy conversion and related support facilities in the Ohio River Region.
Phase II of this study is being carried out by an interdisciplinary
group of researchers from various universities. This application sets
forth the participation, of researchers from West Virginia University rep-
resenting the disciplines of law and economics.
805587
"Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Phase II: Illinois Core Team
Participation"
This study is part of a technology assessment of the social, economic
and environmental consequences to be expected from an increased
concentration of energy facilities within the Ohio River Basin.
87
-------
805588
1. Objectives. The Experimental Management Plan for the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), Phase II: An Impact Assessment of the
effect of Energy Conversion Facilities on the Ohio River Basin is a
continuation of the management of a comprehensive, policy-oriented
technology assessment addressing the broad-scale environmental, public
health, economic, institutional, and social effects of locating
various combinations of energy conversion and support facilities in
the Ohio River Basin.
2. Approach. The integrated technology assessment is being conducted
by an inter-disciplinary, interinstitutional (eight state universities
in the six study-region states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) team, with support research performed
by other personnel on a schedule to best fit the research needs of
the technology assessment team. The management of this research will
involve a complex arrangement to best coordinate efforts and further
the achievement of research goals. A four-person Project Office will
perform day-to-day coordination, while a seven-person Management Team
consisting of the Experimental Management Plan co-principal investi-
gators and five U.S. Environmental Protection Agency representatives
will provide long-term and policy guidance.
88
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805589
This project is the second phase of a technology assessment of energy
development in the Ohio River Basin. A core team composed of members from
nine different university campuses in six states will direct and delineate
research activities in this phase of the program. First, reports from Phase
I of the project will be reviewed and key issues for further research
identified. The baseline data for the study will be refined and a new set
of energy facility siting criteria developed. The core team will then
review basic technological, sociological, and demographic assumptions and
create a set of energy development scenarios relative to coal mining,
transportation, and conversion facilities, and to other types of energy
facilities in the study region.
Given these scenarios the impacts of the energy facilities on the
physical environment, socio-economic conditions, ecological factors, public
health, institutions, land use, and the quality of life will be assessed.
The Phase II impact analysis will emphasize the tracing of second and
higher-order impacts and the interrelationships among them. Based upon
the impact assessment, a range of possible options under each scenario will
ibe determined.
The primary roles of Dr. Gordon will be to assist in the analysis of
social and economic impacts of alternative policies, to continue to lead the
overall impact assessment, and to help to integrate the impact analysis into
a comprehensive report.
89
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805590
The objective of the QRBES project IB to conduct an Integrated Technology
Assessment of energy conversion facilities in the Ohio River Basin Region. The
past year has seen over one hundred researchers at eight campuses in the Region
collecting and analyzing baseline data in relevant areas in order to conduct a
first-cut or "mini"-assessment. The second year of the project (Phase II) is to
be devoted to identifying, requesting and supervising research in areas deemed
inadequately covered in the first year. The project has been reconstructed so that
there is a Core Team of thirteen researchers fron ten institutions (the OBBES region)
has been expanded to include West Virginia and Western Pennsylvania in addition to
last year's Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky areas) who will perform the
Integrated Technology Assessment. The Core Team represents a variety of relevant
disciplines capable of taking on the assessment task.
The University of Kentucky's two Gore Team members represent the disciplines
of sociology and economic geography. In addition, the anthropologist is helping
conduct the social Impact assessment of increased power production in the QRHES
area. Contributions to be expected include a study of the impact of service areas
on electric power generation and transmission and further refinement of the social
Impact assessment analysis. The latter study includes an operationalization of an
environmental orientation paradigm, preparation of demographic profiles of counties
by environmental orientation and an impact assessment. This work will be used
cooperatively and integratively by the Core Team to perform the Technology Assessment,
805596
Under P.L. 92-500, EPA is embarking on a major program of cost-shar-
ing grants to implement lake rehabilitation or water quality improvement
projects. While limnological evaluation has developed and will be used
in conjunction with these projects, improvement (maintenance) of water
quality impacts the lives of people and organizations as well as the eu-
tropRical condition of the lake itself. However, the methodology to
measure the impact of water quality improvement (protection) projects on
the socioeconomic well-being of people and on the viability of organiza-
tions and communities in the region is rudimentary in general and virtual
ly nonexistent with respect to this new financial assistance program.
Such methodology and measures are needed not only to fulfill the require-
ments for the federal and state environmental impact statements but also
to help select lake communities as recipients of state and federal grants
and to evaluate the effectiveness of various project techniques.
90
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805600
The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories, Science Information Services
Department, proposes to provide key technical and administrative personnel, both gov-
ernment and non-government, with a current-awareness bulletin emphasizing advancements
in the field of industrial waste treatment as related to pollution control. A monthly
publication containing approximately 25 abstracts of articles and additional annotated
citations pertinent to industrial technology will be prepared for and distributed to
these recipients. In addition, abstracts related to water resources will be input to
the Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) to become part of their
machine-retrievable data base. The full text of the abstracted documents will also
be provided to WRSIC. Annual subject and author indexes, a journal list, and a com-
pilation of each of the monthly bulletins will be included as the camera-ready copy
of the Final Report.
805603
The overall purposes of the Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES) are (1) to Identify
and evaluate the potential consequences of various levels, rates, and patterns of future
energy development In the Ohio River Basin, (2) to formulate policy alternatives that
could mitigate the undesirable consequences or reinforce the desirable consequences, am
(3) to sunmaHze this Information and present the results 1n a usable final report and
1n public meetings throughout the ORBES region.
Thus ORBES 1s an Interdisciplinary, polIcy-oriented technology assessment that seeks
to Inform the public, Industry, and all levels of government about the probable environ-
mental, public health, economic, Institutional, and social consequences of ^"tlng
various combinations of new energy conversion and related support facilities In the
Ohio River region.
91
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805604
Liberty Lake is located in the middle eastern section of Spokane County approx-
imately 24 km directly east of the city of Spokane. The lake occupies a basin of 316 hi
in a watershed of approximately 3445 ha. The watershed is relatively undisturbed but
the immediate area around the lake has been extensively manipulated since 1880. The
shoreline is now 831 developed and the lake receives heavy recreation useage. Since
the 1960's massive blue-green algal blooms have occurred in the lake during late
summer and fall with the exception of 1974-76 when an aluminum sulfate treatment was
credited with reducing excessive algal growth.
In 1976 the lake residents and their consultants successfully proposed a lake
restoration plan to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The plan includes lake
draw down, limited dredging, stream channel and dike improvements and repair. The
proposed study will attempt to measure the effects of lake restoration by observing
selected biological, chemical, and physical parameters for one year prior to restoratior
and for two years following rehabilitation.
Specific research objectives for purposes of evaluating the effectiveness of res-
toration measures include:
1. Monitoring of 25 chemical and physical water quality parameters.
2. Recalculation of prime nutrient (N § P) budgets.
3. Attempt to quantify nutrient contribution by septic tank seepage.
4. Determination of sediment nutrient content above and below proposed dredging
activities.
5. Estimation of primary productivity and algal speciation before and after
restoration.
6. Monitoring of aquatic weed growth.
805608
The objectives of this proposal is to develop an information and data base for
the detailed consideration of potential impacts of future energy requirements and con-
version activities in the Ohio River Basin. Phase I includes: demography, energy
use by source and by sector; electricity exported and imported; energy reserves,
electrical generation capability by facility and fuel type; plant ownership; and social
and economic data on region residents. In Phase II the baseline data will be completed
by additional information on migration, land use projections, induced industry, public
health, water and air quality, coal mining, social services, recreational facilities
and economics.
The approach will include: 1. collection of available baseline data; 2. Extensive
literature search; 3. Data and information analysis; 4. Participation in Core Team
and public meetings. The results will be compiled into a complete and comprehensive
documents.
Current plans include collection and evaluation of baseline data identical to
those already obtained for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio and parallel those to
be obtained by all states involved. This includes also participation on Development
of Phase II Work Plan, Energy Conversion Configurations, Impact assessment and De-
finition of Policy Options.
92
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805609
This set of studies represents a portion of a multi-institutional policy-
oriented technology assessment of the socioeconomic and environmental
impacts which might result from a proposed increased concentration of
energy conversion facilities within the Ohio River Basin.
Utilizing the best available data bases, these studies will attempt to
address the broad-scale environmental, institutional, economic and social
effects of various future combinations of energy conversion facilities
(i.e., coal-based plants producing synthetic fuels, as well as nuclear
and coal-fired electric power generating plants) and their required
support facilities (i.e., coal mining, processing and transportation;
ash and sludge disposal facilities; nuclear fuel and reactor waste
transportation facilities; and energy transportation systems, including
electric power transmission systems] that might be built and operated
in this region in the future.
The principal objectives of this assessment are (1) to assist in outlining
the full range of policy options for dealing with selected kinds of
development, alternative levels of development and their possible unde-
sirable effects, and alternative technological levels of environmental
controls; and (2) to analyze the probable impacts that would result
from implementing each option in its total framework, with special
emphasis on the natural environment and its inter-relationship with
public health and welfare. The full range of primary, secondary, and
higher order effects will be considered.
93
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805610
One series of objectives is to carry out studies to ascertain if, how, and when the
gaseous and particulate emissions of coal-fired power plants accumulate in and on
domestic and indigenous species of flora and fauna and cause an impact upon these
species. Another series of objectives is to carry out studies on indigenous species
of a cool season, short-grass ecosystem fumigated continuously with various concen-
trations of sulfur dioxide for five months per year to ascertain changes in sulfur
accumulation, phenology of grass species, mycorrhizal populations, and fungal and
insect decomposer populations.
805612
A prior study by the investigators comparing 300 high school sophomores in a high
sodium (108 ppm)with those in a low sodium (8 ppra) drinking water community indicated
a medically and statistically significant upshift in the population blood pressure
(B.P.) distribution in both males and females for both systolic and diastolic B.P.'s.
A subsequent analysis of home first morning tap water samples for nine heavy metals
potentially related to circulatory system disease is currently underway along with an
analysis of the circulatory system mortality experience of the two communities over
the past decade.
The phased research program being proposed for this grant is designed to provide
further human population data on the health effects of sodium in the drinking water.
The specific studies are: a replication of the original study in a second grade
population; replication in two different watched communities with only half the
difference in sodium levels; a bottled water study to differentiate the sodium effect
on B.P. distributions from other water factors; a before and after community change-
over to low sodium water study of B.P. distributions of sixth graders and early
middle-aged adults; a before and after study of hospitalized incidence of circulatory
system morbidity.
-------
805617
Phase 1 of the subject proposal Is devoted to conducting a detailed stud)'
of the demand for water and to developing a data base for the estimation
of individual residential water demand curves. A statistically selected
sample of houses will be visited by interviewers to obtain information
concerning water using devices within the home. Corresponding water demand
data will be obtained from the water utility and county tax rolls will be
used to estimate the economic status of the household visited. Regression
techniques will be applied to these data to establish demand equations.
Phase 2 will study the efficiency of water system consolidation. The study
will be conceptual in nature and will apply some of the insights that have
been obtained from research into the feasibility and effectiveness of consoli-
dation and regionalization of electrical systems. Some of the sources of
economies of large power systems are (a) traditional economies of scale and
generation given in particular technology and input prices; (b) economies of
scale and distribution; and (c) economies of size. The applicability of these
principles to water supply systems will be examined.
805628
The research to be conducted under this grant will examine the potential use of
o
ra
95
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805629
Objective: me general objectives are to collect information needed to develop methods
for preventing or minimizing adverse effects on soils, crops, water, and animals,
and maximizing benefits from using sewage sludge as a fertilizer and soil conditione:
Approach: Field plots and lysimeter plots with three soil types and strip-mined soil
will receive liquid digested sludge applications at varying rates (0, 1/4, 1/2 and
maximum). Some plots have received annual sludge applications for nine (9) years.
Maximum rate is equivalent to one inch per week for about six to nine weeks. The
effect of sludge components on soil, water, and crops will be determined by regular
sampling and analysis. Corn and soybeans produced on sludge treated soils will be
fed to laying heans. The effect on the health, composition and production of the
hens will be measured over a period of 80 weeks. Cadmium accumulation in the hens
and eggs will be determined. A single application of dewatered sludge at high rate
on field plots on strip-rained soils will be compared to incremental liquid sludge
applications annually.
805635
The Garbage Project has been conducting research on household-level discards
since 1973 and to date has analyzed more than 2000 garbage samples. The
purpose of the Project's research is to relate consumption and discard patterns,
as represented in household residuals, to socioeconomic variables. In 1977-78
the Project will focus upon the discard of newspapers and soft drink containers
in an effort to monitor any changes in the frequency or volume of these
discards during a time period in which the City of Tucson will "be conducting
mass media campaigns designed to encourage source separation of newspapers
and source reduction of soft drink containers. The results of this monitoring
process should yield information about the feasibility of using media
campaigns to promote reduction of residential solid wastes. In addition,
the Project will continue its longitudinal sample of both food and non-food
discards and a study of hazardous wastes in the residential solid waste stream
will be conducted.
96
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805640
This proposal consists of 3 parts; all are aimed at air-
quality modeling dealing with urban problems and are to be verified
with observations of T-6 St. Louis experiment (RAPS). In Part I,
a simple vertical 2-dimensional atmosphere model will be applied
and tested using various formulations of heat flux and mixing
coefficients in the boundary layer. Part II will concentrate on
the development of the proper lower boundary conditions in urban
situations, particularly St. Louis and Los Angeles. A new method
will be tested for deriving the correct ground parameters necessary
to yield the proper surface energy balance using satellite infrared
measurements for these two cities. Surface heat fluxes will be computed
and compared with independent estimates. In Part III, the observed
distribution of NOx and perhaps CO will be used to test an air-
quality model developed for Los Angeles, making use of observed
temperatures, mixing depths and heat fluxes as well as estimates
of these quantities by a quaisi-2D horizontal by drodynamic model.
805650
The interaction of the control device and resulting in-stack plume opacity
will be systematically analyzed. Computer models for electrostatic precipitators,
baghouses, and scrubbers will be coupled with Mie light scattering programs to
allow the desired calculations of in-stack plume opacity. Existing field data
will be analyzed and used to compare to the model. Additional particle properties
such as refractive index density and porosity will need to be determined from
samples of particulate matter in order to provide accurate inputs to the model.
c
The expected results of this study will be the ability to design control devices
to meet an opacity limit and select the optimum control device for coal-fired
utility boilers.
97
-------
805654
The objective of this testing program is to measure the environmental
impact potential of the ocean disposal of treated FGD materials.
I. Chemical Testing. Because of the possibility that treated FGD
materials may be used in the construction of artificial reefs, it is
necessary to expose 4 or 5 different materials (with a control material)
to variations in such basic parameters as temperature, salinity and
pressure (depth). It is also important to vary the oxvgen content of
the surrounding environment. The testing will focus on quantification
of the leaching characteristics of the different materials, specifically
with regard to major constituents of concern (e.g., sulfite) and the
following trace contaminants: mercury, cadmium, selenium, zinc, nickel
and lead.
II. Long-Term Exposure Study. These tests will study the ecological
impacts of the long-term exposure of representative marine organisms
to a subset (probably three) of the treated FGD materials previously
subjected to the chemical testing described above. These tests will
be.designed to satisfy chronic bicassay requirements of the ocean
disposal test program, and in all probability \rill also satisfy the
acute testing requirements because of the nature of the material
involved. In addition, these tests will provide a mechanism for
studying the structural integrity of the brick-like treated materials
under simulated disposal (or reef) area conditions. As in tests of
untreated material, water column levels of sulfite and dissolved
oxygen will be monitored, along with selected metallic trace
contaminants. The test organisms will be representative of three
trophic levels of the marine food v/eb, including vascular plants,
primary consumers and secondary consumers. Uptake of the trace
contaminants of concern will be monitored in these test organisms.
It will be important to select species for this test based upon
the tendencies to colonize artificial reef substrates; lobsters,
crabs and starfish would be suitable.
Ill, Disposal or Reef Site Simulation. Based in part upon the
results of the "two program elements described above, a controlled
marine system will be structured in order to observe simulated
disposal site ecosystem dynamics. An example of such a system
is the pond to be used by the New England Aquarium for the imple-
mentation of a similar test program for a selected, untreated
FGD sludge. As in that work, the emphasis in this effort will
be to establish an extensive qualitative history of the ecological
implications of the simulated reef building or disposal effort.
This effort will provide an opportunity for the observation of a
relatively natural pattern of reef colonization and utilization/-
and in turn, a valuable source of information concerning the
viability'of treated, brick-like FGD materials as reef substrate.
98
-------
805659
A general three-dimensional mesoscale model has been developed which
is applicable for a wide variety of purposes. Emphasis during the next three
years will be on developing more efficient initialization techniques and /on
verifying the model. The verification will include real data cases on the
regional scale utilizing regular and special meteorological data and on small
scale situations utilizing intermodel comparisons and comparisons with clima-
tological data representative of small-scale circulations. If possible,
some oc the real data cases will be selected to coincide with field experiments
relevant to air pollution studies.
805660
"Alaska Village Research Project"
To provide for technical assistance and operations and maintenance
support to this small community for the operation of a central-
utility type facility (including water supply and waste treatment
systems) for EPA's evaluation of engineering performance and insti-
tutional management.
805661
"Alaska Village Research Project"
To provide technical assistance and operation and maintenance support to
this small community for the operations of a central utility type facility
(including water and waste treatment systems) for EPA's evaluation of
engineering performance and institutional management.
99
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805672
"Evaluation of Lafayette Reservoir Restoration Program"
This project involves a limnological evaluation of the effectiveness
of hypolimnetic aeration and nutrient inactivation with particular
attention to the improvement of water quality in the reservoir for
public water supply use and for maintenance of a year-round rainbow
trout fishery.
805675
{/} OBJECTIVES: To hold the. FIFTH national Conference on Energy and the
Environment cut Stouter* Cincinnati. Inn, Cincinnati,Ohio
on October 31 ,Novwber 1,2,and3,1977
(2) APPROACH:
(3) PROGRESS:
Through technical &ocietieA in the greater Dayton and
Cincinnati areaA plan and execute an aggrc&&ive walk plan
which wWL gzneAate. maxxjnum i-ntzneAt in cuwiznt topic*
and technical oppoitunLtieA in utilizing zneAgy in an
znvito mentally acceptable, manner. Technical papeAA and
di&cuAAionA by lead&u in induAtsiy and government will be
invited to participate.
ninety technical papeu have been accepted £01 presentation
at the convenience. FouA WQHkAhop& and two evening *c&4iont>
have been iowulated, A PUBLIC INTEREST FORUM and a REGIONAL
EA/ERGV PEfELOPMEA/T FORUM which will include public participation.
A bound volume, PROCEEDINGS o£ the FIFTH National Conference
on Energy and the Environment it> expected to be pubtL&hed
shortly afitcr the conference.
100
-------
805678
Rates of disolved oxygen uptake by respiration, benthic demand and BOD, oxygen
production by photosynthesis and surface reaeration rates as a function of wind will
be measured and correlated with controlling parameters. The results will be in-
corporated in a D.O. routing model, the purpose of which is to determine whether
a diel curve of D.O. can be used to give an accurate indication of primary
planktonic productivity in a set of field channels which are used to study effects
of toxicants on ecosystems. A second objective is to relate reaeration rates
measured in the channels to wind velocities and channel flow characteristics. A
third and minor objective is to explore a new stream-modeling concept. Experimental
work will be combined with analytical (numerical) modeling.
Dr. Heinz Stefan, Professor (Principal Investigator)
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory
Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering
John S. Gulliver, B.S. Chemical Engineering, M.S. Civil Engineering, Research
Assistant
Dr. Walter Combs, Jr., Research Fellow
101
-------
805680
This project will delineate the conditions under which'bacterial
regrowth and coliform suppression occur in water distribution systems.
This project will examine two distribution systems which have on-
going problems with high standard plate counts or high noncoliform counts
on membrane filters. One system will be of ground water origin with
chlorination as the only water treatment and the other will be from a
treated surface water source. Both systems will receive raw water that
is of good quality.
The systems will be monitored as the finished water leaves the plant
and at various locations in the distribution system including any speci-
fic problem areas. The identified systems will be characterized physi-
cally and chemically. Parameters within the distribution system as tem-
perature, turbidity/ color, dissolved oxygen, pH, residual chlorine,
trace elements, and organic content will be monitored. Simultaneously,
standard plate counts will be performed throughout the distribution sys-
tem. The total number of bacteria appearing on the standard plate count
will be identified at least four times during the first year of the pro-
ject. Physical, chemical, and microbiological factors affecting the
occurrence of bacterial regrowth will be identified. Coliform suppress-
ion will be evaluated in terms of microbial population densities, types
of bacterial genera present, and possible chemical and physical factors.
Alterations in the distribution systems to eliminate bacterial regrowth
will be evaluated through field trials.
102
-------
805681
"Detailed Evaluation of Long Lake1
|Tonn ,Pr?JeCM-1S t0.deterTe the de9ree of water quality improvement in
Long Lake, Minnesota resulting from various manipulations in the water-
805706
Support for conducting the Secretariat of the International Standards Organization
(ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 147 on Water Quality which is developing international
standards. The TC 147 Scope is "Standardization in the field of water quality,
including definition of terms, sampling of waters, measurement and reporting of water
characteristics. Limits of acceptability for water quality are excluded." Activitiei
include standardization in chemical, physical, radiological, microbiological, bio-
logical and biochemical methods. Forty-five countries are members of ISO/TC 147
which was organized in 1972. Fourteen drafts of proposed standards have been
developed and 42 working groups which are preparing drafts of international standards
have been established.
103
-------
805711
The objective of this study is to investigate the hematologic and mutagenic effects
of arsine gas. Hematological investigations will be performed on rats, mice and rabbits
inhaling various levels of arsine gas. Dose-response data and no effect levels will be
obtained. Specific areas to be investigated are:
1. Arsine levels which induce hemolysis
2. Effect on acetylcholinesterase activity
3. Glycerol lysis time
4. Native protein fluorescence
5. Intracellular sulfhydryl levels
6. IMa-K ATPase activity
7. Alteration of membrane proteins as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis.
Mutagenesis studies will be performed on E.coli strain WWP^- The goal of these
studies will be to evaluate the possibility that arsine interferes with DRA repair mechanism.
Also to be investigated are arsine gas effects on growth rate, and survival of bacteria after
UV exposure (using exrA mutant). A dose curve will be obtained for any arsine effects
observed in each of the studies listed above.
805715
"The International Commission on Radiological Protection Conference"
The International Commission on Radiological Protection is comprised
of experts from all over the world. Through the vast knowledge of
its membership, the commission periodically publishes recommendations
for national radiation protection, laws, and codes of practice.
104
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805716
The general purpose of the proposed work is to understand more
thoroughly the fate of contaminants in large lakes, especially during
stratification. More specifically, we propose to study in detail the
fate of nutrients and trace metals as affected by dispersion in the
lake and by biochemical transformations in the sediments. The main
emphasis is on mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments, but
field measurements will also be made for additional information and
verification. The study involves analyses of physical, chemical, and
biological processes and is meant to analyze not only these processes
but the interactions between these processes.
805721
"Chemical Amplifiers as Odd Hydrogen Radical Detectors"
This proposal is for the continued study of HO radicals in smog chambers
and in the atmosphere. HO molecules will be reacted with NO and CO
and will be regenerated after reaction. Amplification factors of 103 are
expected with the use of chemical amplifiers.
105
-------
805725
The objective of the proposed project is to plan, organize, publicize,
and conduct a series of annual symposia on the transfer and utilization of
technology for the control of particulate emissions. The symposia will be
conducted late in July of each year at appropriate locations subject to ap-
proval by the Project Officer of the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory at Research Triangle Park of EPA. The three major technologies
used for controlling particulate emissions scrubbers, electrostatic preci-
pitators, and fabric filters would be discussed. Other technologies would
be included as they become more fully developed. As part of the total ef-
fort, proper documentation would be provided in the form of written periodic
reports, a final report and, most important of all, publication and distribu-
tion of the proceedings. A corollary objective is to conduct a series of
tutorial sessions and/or workshops in the design of electrostatic precipitators,
fabric filters, and scrubbers, with special attention to theory, modeling and
instrumentation.
This is a continuation of Grant R805725-01, which provided funding for
the first symposium held in Denver, Colorado during 2^-28 July 1978.
805726
Smog chamber data from the Bureau of Mines have been sonevhat successfully
modeled by Dodge of EPA. This model was then further used to test the effects of di-
urnal light, dilution, initial percentage NOp, and the relative reactivity of the hydro-
carbon mix on ozone production. However, it is not clearly understood how to represent
day old materials in the model. Since there is a growing need to know how much influenc<
spent smog systems have on oxidant formation the next day as well as how this would
e ffect control requirements predicted from CU isopleth control diagrams, research for
this project will be focused on:
1. Routine static experiments starting with day old material from various systems
for the purpose of comparison with our current data base which does not
systematically include day material.
2. A series of experiments to demonstrate the effects of adding various materials
thought to partially account for the effects of day old smog, to include
injection of 0^, NC^, aldehydes, and various nitrogen-acids.
3. A series of multiday irradiation experiments in which the fraction of"reactive-
to-unreactive" hydrocarbons is varied so as to gain insight into the role of
"unreactive" components on second day irradiation.
106
-------
805731
In simulating trace and heavy metal movement through soil, we have quantitatively
measured both the broad soil and leachate properties which most influence metal migra-
tion rates. The general plan is to match theoretical curves approximately describing
metal (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Hg, Se, V, Zn) movement in soil columns under satu-
rated steady state flow conditions with actual data. The patterns for each soil are ther
correlated with measurable soil-leachate properties. In turn, these parameters can be
translated directly into a migration rate of the metals. We are at a position now, of
having a predictive program only for cadmium with municipal solid waste leachates under
anaerobic condition as will be found under sanitary landfills in humid and subhumid
climates. To make results readily available to the layman, we represent the velocities
as simple functions of the soil-leachate system properties. The rate of movement of
netals through soil can then be easily calculated from a wide range of disposal site
situations without use of the sophisticated computer.
805733
The goal of the proposed project is to generate, search out and otherwise obtain,
organize and disseminate knowledge which will contribute significantly to an increase
in the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators, (ESP). This goal is divided into
four objectives, each directed at some aspect of the relationship between electric
field, dust particles and current, as affected by the dimensional characteristics of
trie precipitacor.
The first objective is to determine means for improving the data processing
bHity of the existing circuits in the ESP system of the Control Engineering
Laboratory at RTP. The second objective is to improve the voltage and current control
systems used in ESP power sources. The third objective is to investigate the extent
of improvement of efficiency that might be realized in ESP's by means of dimensiooal
jnd spatial variations in discharge wires in relation to the position of the given
wire array in the sequence of sections. The fourth objective would be the improvement
of the AC power configurations used in ESP's.
107
-------
805739
The studies proposed here are to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of a variety
of potentially mutagenic agents presently found in worrisome concentrations in
certain human environmental situations. These blood studies, done in parallel with
exposure studies conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Clinical Studies Division, will focus both upon the determination of mutagenic
potential as well as the nature of the cytogenetic damage incurred. We will not be
conducting human exposures, but rather be a part of the EPA team using blood from EPA
exposed subjects. The initial study proposed calls for 30 subjects to be exposed to
0.4 ppm ozone for 4 hours each of 4 consecutive days; blood samples will be collected
prior to and subsequent to each day's exposure and 7 days, 17 days, and 31 days
following the initial experimental exposure. Blood samples will be transported to our
laboratory, set in culture medium, incubated, microscopic slides prepared and
evaluated cytogenetically. Subsequently, modified in vivo ozone exposure experiments
will be conducted as well as in vitro exposure experiments involving herbicides
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T and nitrofuran derivatives used as food preservatives.
108
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805747
The main objective of this symposium is to bring together a group of prominent ground
water hydrologists capable of synthesizing ground water protection policy which will
insure the protection of our ground water resources, whose development is experiencing
a dramatic increase in this decade. It is intended that the published transaction of
the symposium will serve as a state-of-the-art report on available strategies for deal-
ing with the significant ground water quality issues of our time. The speakers and
attendance will represent a broad spectrum of institutions whose needs, activities,
products, and interest are impacted by issues and policies, related to ground water
protection.
Subject matter to be covered
The symposium will present a series of papers and discussions focused on the following
issues relating to ground water pollution.
A. Ground Water Pollution - An Imminent Disaster or Limited Problem?
B. Ground Water Quality Standards - Necessary or Irrelevant?
C. Land Application of Waste - An Important Future Alternative or an Accident
Waiting to Happen?
0. The Federal Ground Water Protection Program - Today's Hope or Tomorrow's Undoin
E. State Ground Water Protection Programs - Adequate or Inadequate?
F. The 208 Planning Approach to Ground Water Protection - A Terrible Joke or a
Foot in the Door?
G. Controlled Degradation and/or Protection Zones - Sense or Nonsense?
H. Ground Water Models - Practical Tools or Intellectual Toys?
I. Water Borne Disease - A Current Threat or a Thing of the Past?
805/53
It is the purpose of the proposed research to evaluate thirty or more physical and
chemical methods for their applicability in analyses of contaminated municipal and
industrial leachate streams. This research is necessary since existing analytical
methods were primarily developed for analyses of water and waste water and their
direct application to leachate analyses was found to lead to erroneous results. The
accuracy of the methods will be tested with the standard addition technique, the
precision will be evaluated by fifty or more participating laboratories. Analyses
of variance will determine the between laboratory and within laboratory error.
109
-------
805754
The objectives of the project are based on the lack of information
concerning the origin of endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharides) in drinking
water, their composition and possible health effects. The problems
requiring solution are the production, quantitative and qualitative
composition of algal endotoxins, as compared with lipopolysaccharides
derived from gramnegative bacteria. Another important aspect to be
elucidated and studied is the toxicity of different endotoxins and their
constituents as related to drinking water supplies and human health.
The approach includes (1) endotoxin isolation from axenic clones of
algae and bacteria, (2) algal endotoxin composition as compared with
bacterial lipopolysaccharides and (3) toxicity of algal endotoxins as
compared with those of bacteria.
The benefits derived from this study will include possible solution to
waterborne gastroenteritis of unknown origin which represents a major
segment of reported gastrointestinal diseases in the United States.
Further, the results of this study will provide better understanding
concerning the origin of endotoxins in the environment. On this basis
prevention and control of these compounds in drinking water supplies
may be developed.
805758
Investigation and application of process automation methods to environmental
control processes such as coal cleaning, scrubbers, precipitators, and combustion
modification to achieve increased throughput, reduced variance of the controlled
process variables, and economic and raw material savings. Subordinate tasks in-
clude instrumentation optimization studies which address the performance assurance
of sensor data to a known confidence level--an acknowledged problem with data
acquisition and process automation. Includes the pursuit of recent knowledge
to the solution of these tasks.
110
-------
805759
Improved procedures for incorporating statistics and economics into the design
of regulatory water quality monitoring networks are being developed. The statistical
design criterion chosen is to achieve "reasonably" small confidence intervals for the
annual mean estimates while maximizing the degree of uniformity in information content
supplied by the stations in the network. Since some stations (due to distance from
laboratory, access, etc.) are more expensive to sample than others, it is often econom-
ically and informationally better to have unequal amounts of information from the
stations. A linear programming (LP) formulation of this optimization problem is to be
developed and demonstrated. LP is chosen to assist in the practical application of
the results.
805771
*NOTE: This is not a new project. It is a continuation of a project which
l\°hi°.State ^v^sity, wnere Dr. Sp^ul will
^ ""*"** * "" "™**^Y <* Maine under EPA
111
-------
805772
The primary purpose of this study is to carry out COD
determinations on selected synthetic samples containing both
volatile and non-volatile compounds using Dewar and Friedrick
Condensers for the purpose of attempting to differentiate be-
tween the two classes of compounds by direct analyses and/or
low temperature vapor traps. From the data obtained in these
studies, a revised procedure will be proposed, standardized,
and its validity will be tested on real samples and spiked
real samples.
The successful completion of this project should give rise
to a proposed technique for the systematic and continuous moni-
toring of water systems which contain both volatile and non-
volatile components.
805774
We plan to determine the availability of cadmium by rats from edible plants
grown on cadmium enriched soils. Specifically we will measure the absorp-
tion and tissue distribution of ^Cd in weanling rats fed semisynthetic
diets containing spinach, carrots, lettuce, soybeans, tomatoes and wheat
grown on soil treated with CdCl2 and compare the relative uptake of
metal with that found from similar nonradioactive diets spiked with
identical concentrations of CdClo. We will also determine the influ-
ence of cooking on the uptake of 10"cd by rats fed a vegetable diet and
investigate the distribution and nature of 109CM binding in the various
crops.
11.
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805776
"Lake Ballinger Restoration Project"
Restore the lake by construction of sedimentation basins, Hall Creek
rehabilitation, Hall Creek hypolimnetic diversion.
805777
The objective is to produce a preliminary evaluation of
hyperfiltration as a technology for separating toxic substances
found in textile process water.
Hyperfiltration of discharges from two textile processes,
scouring and dyeing, will be accomplished using three types of
membranes. The performance characteristics of the membranes
and the toxicity and chemical analyses of all feeds, concentrates,
and permeates will provide the data for the evaluation.
113
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805784
"The Tioga River Demonstration Project"
The project is intended to demonstrate the abatement of deep mine
drainage by restoring strip mines located above and infiltrating water
into the underground mines. It is intended to demonstrate deep mine
drainage abatement by monitoring deep mine discharges before and
after restoration of associated strip mines.
805788
This project proposes to measure (and collect from others) back-
ground visibility data necessary for (1) the setting of visibility
standards and (2) the validation of operational models. The measurement
program relies on a recently developed instrument, the multiwavelength
contrast photometer. Calculations and measurements indicate that while
multiwavelength contrast measurements in the blue portion of the visible
spectrum are primarily sensitive to aerosol within the mixing layer,
contrast measurements in the red portion of the spectrum are sensitive
to aerosol above the mixing layer. The relationship between wavelength
dependence on contrast measurements to vertical aerosol distributions is
quite dependent on observation angle. Since contrast measurements are
related to both tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol concentrations,
the instrument is well suited to measure/monitor contrast changes due to
spatial variations in aerosol concentrations that take place over hun-
dreds of kilometers. Subject contrast is directly related to visibility
and consequently the contrast telephotometer is also a direct measure of
visibility as a function of spatially varying aerosol loads.
114
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805795
Scope: The envisioned project is divided into three separate phases. The first phase
deals with detailed site inspections, low level flow monitoring efforts and detailed
computer modeling to ascertain typical runoff flows for the design and construction
phase. In the second phase of work, a swirl and helical bend regulator will be designed.
fabricated and installed near the outlet of a separate storm sewered urbanized area.
The flow at the outlet will be divided and inputted into a swirl and a helical bend
regulator constructed side by side. In the third phase of work, the two treatment units
will be monitored during a 6 month period for approximately 15 separate storm events,
covering a wide range of antecedent dry conditions, rainfall intensity and duration. A
comparative assessment of the two units will be made from these results. It is envis-
ioned that the project duration would be 18 months permitting submission of the final
report three months prior to the contract deadline.
Objectives: The objectives of the proposed project are as follows:
HIDesign, construct, & install a swirl and helical bend regulator to operate on storm
sewer discharges from a residential area for a 6 month period (^ 15 storm events).
(2) Test the operational pollutant reduction performance of a swirl & helical bend
regulator on a storm drainage discharge from a 100 acre residential area.
(3) Assess the hydraulic influent and effluent/foul sewer waste stream characteristics
for various meterological events of the two treatment devices.
(4) Assess the influent, effluent and foul stream characteristics from both devices witf
respect to BOD, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus, solids, several metals and bacteria.
(5) Test the feasibility of foul sewer discharge to an adjacent sanitary sewer for re-
moval of waste stream effluents over an extended period.
(6) Assess the particle distribution of the foul sewer discharge with respect to grit,
sand, and organics.
805796
The primary objective of this project is to provide a complete characterization
of certain ecologically important phytoplankton populations occurring in the Laurentian
Great Lakes. The main topics which will be addressed include:
1. The range in size and morphological plasticity of quantitatively important
phytoplankton populations occurring in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
2. The presently documented distribution of these populations within the Great Lakes
system.
3. Quantitative analysis of external form and internal cellular constituents and
modifications which occur during during the organisms normal life cycle.
4. The specific effects of external environmental factors in modifying cellular
morphology.
The work is designed to support both classical population distribution based
water quality assessment and the development of more realistic multiple physiological
compartment models of phytoplankton dynamics.
The problem will be approached primarily through the application of quantitative
light and electron microscopy (stereology) of both naturally occurring populations and
populations exposed to controlled environmental perturbation.
115
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805799
This study will provide policy makers with a more complete un-
derstanding of how scrap markets function, that is what determines
supply and demand for scrap materials. There are four major objec-
tives of the study. (1) To update and extend previous econometric
studies of scrap material demand and supply. (2) To assess the
feasibility and desirability of cross sectional econometric models
across countries to obtain long-run supply and demand parameters for
scrap materials. (3) A study of the feasibility of a cost analysis
of scrap material generators to infer the long-run supply curve for
scrap materials. (4) To study the costs of obtaining data on scrap
dealer inventories and costs of capital.
The information provided by this study should aid policy makers
in: (1) determining how new legislative initiatives should be de-
signed, (2) determining how existing statutes should be implemented,
and (3) defining the correct parameters which should be used to
monitor the performance of statutes once they have been implemented.
805800
The Strategic Environmental Assessment System (SEAS) Model has been developed by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to improve our knowledge of the impacts of
environmental issues and policies on the national and regional economies and environ-
mental quality. Over the last few years, the SEAS Model, developed as a system of
interrelated economic-environmental models (or modules) has been used effectively in a
variety of policy contexts - assessing the economic and environmental consequences of
U.S. population growth, national and regional energy development programs and clean air
and transportation energy conservation programs.
However, current knowledge of the structure of SEAS and its many policy application;
can be obtained only from "fugitive" documents, not easily accessible to the broader
academic and policy community. The purpose of the work proposed here is to prepare a
book that will bring together a) a review of the theoretical and policy context of SEAS;
b) a technical description of the SEAS Model; and c) a set of examples of policy appli-
cation of SEAS.
Professor T.R. Lakshmanan, the principal investigator, will write Part I, which wiU
. provide a survey of the theoretical context and a technical description of the SEAS
(Model. He will also edit Part II, which will cover four or five major policy applica-
tions as reported by different individuals from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Commerce and Resources for the Future,
who developed these policy applications.
116
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805803
The specific objective
805811
1. Objectives: Definition of "Best Management Practices" for pollution control
in Irrigated agriculture requires that the individual factors contributing to the
return flow quality be identified. At present, the most difficult segment of an
irrigation return flow system to delineate is the on-farm water use and efficiency
characteristics. Existing techniques are too expensive for genera] planning
utilization. The principal objective of this research is to develop and verify a
field evaluation procedure for planners attempting to delineate the on-farm factors
affecting irrigation return flows.
2. Approach: Utilizing existing field data and some collected at three locations
in Colorado, a furrow irrigation efficiency model will be developed and tested. Model
reliability and accuracy will be defined with field observations and comparisons with
more complex furrow models expected to be available in the near future. Field data
collection procedures will involve initial testing to calibrate the simulation para-
meters and a subsequent test of the predictive capability under altered and more
efficient water management practices. The results of the project will be a technical
report, field planning manual, and a prototype slide-rule calculation design.
117
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805813
The objective of this effort is to develop and implement a source seperation-
option for The Waste Resources Allocation Program (WRAP) model to guide decision
makers who are examining alternative regional solid waste management strategies.
The approach to this project will be to:
To modify the input data structure of the WRAP model in order to
simulate source separation of municipal solid waste.
To test and verify modifications of the model utilizing real field
data from one city and regional configurations.
To evaluate various source separation techniques with the modified
model and compare source separation techniques.
Prepare a concise documentation of the modifications to be utilized
as a user's guide which will supplement existing WRAP publications.
Work will begin in January 1977 and be completed within six months.
805826
The objectives of this project are to develop a nutrient budget and a
nutrient flow model for a typical freshwater prairie glacial (pothole) marsh
receiving agricultural runoff as its major input of water. This model will
be useful in: (1) determining the efficiency of this and similar marshes at
removing nitrogen and phosphorus from non-point sources of agricultural runoff,
and (b) developing installation and management guidelines for marshes used as
nutrient sinks for non-point sources of agricultural runoff.
Field work will be carried out at Eagle Lake, a typical prairie glacial
marsh, in Hancock County, Iowa. Water, plant, and soil samples will be collected
at frequent and regular intervals during the spring, summer, and fall. These
samples will be analyzed for total nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon. This
project will be part of an ongoing study of production, decomposition, and
nutrient cycling in prairie glacial marshes. This study has been under way
at Eagle Lake since 1974
118
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805833
A short distance south of Sapelo Island, Georgia, the numerous channels of the
Altamaha River terminate at the sea. Although there have been a few studies of this
freshwater to brackish water wetland system, processes within these wetlands and
their relationship to the more intensively studied saline zones are poorly understood.
Since October, 1976, several investigators at the University of Georgia Marine Insti-
tute, Sapelo Island, have been conducting studies which focus on the detrital and
microfloral processes in three types of wetlands (swamp, natural freshwater marshes
and brackish water marshes) and examine some of their relationships to the saline
wetlands which have been studied for more than two decades by researchers based at
the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island. Data on potential
detritus production, rates of detrital decay, and transport of detritus indicate a
need for further studies in these areas before a quantitative assessment can be made
concerning the interaction of the freshwater, brackish water and saline systems. We
propose to continue our studies on detritaL dynamics through February 1979, thus
providing us with more than two years of data for these systems. In the proposed
study we will continue to monitor detrital productivity and conduct more intensive
work on detrital decay rates. The completion of this proposed work will enable us
to compare the processes in the several systems. We will then be in a better
position to predict if impacts on one system are likely to produce similar or
different effects on processes in the other types of systems.
805861
Objectives:
2. Estimate the economic impact of lake restoration to adjacent property owners
3. Identify and evaluate costs of lake restoration.
Approach:
points-
value to reactionists using the ui l de^ed rK^tim' ""«- <*
^
119
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805864
The objectives of this proposed project are to review available methodologies
and to develop and evaluate instrumentation which will enhance existing
capabilities for quantitative detection of viable microorganisms in ambient
air.
The proposed work will be accomplished in three distinct phases. Premature
selection of an arbitrary ambient viable microbial air sampler design has been
avoided in this proposal. Instead, this selection will be performed in
phase I, after review of existing designs and development of alternatives
which are most compatable with the objectives of this project. These objectives
will be met by a new design or by modification of existing instrumentation.
Based upon the design selected, plans will be drawn and a prototype sampler
will be constructed in phase II. In phase III this prototype instrument will
be evaluated, utilizing microbial aerosols, to determine its collection
efficiency, collected organism viability maintenance, sensitivity, and, if
applicable to the final design, particle size discrimination.
805868
ASCE has established a voluntary Subcommittee on Oxygen Transfer to develop a
tentative standard for the evaluation of oxygen transfer equipment in water and
wastewater. Through the utilization of workshops, internal discussions, and
selected laboratory research studies, the Subcommittee will comprehensively assess
the major factors affecting and the areas of agreement and disagreement in evaluating
oxygen transfer. Well-known experts in the field will be retained by ASCE as part
of the grant project to review the output of these activities, condense the work
of the Subcommittee into a draft tentative standard, and recommend procedures for
verification of the tentative standard which if carried out and data incorporated
would result in a consensus standard. The draft standard will be thoroughly
critiqued by the Subcommittee prior to finalization of the EPA report and presentation
of the tentative standard to the Society.
120
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805947
The development and application of identification and detection tech-
nology is proposed for evaluating the genetics of baculoviruses
pesticides for recombination and mutation. This is being accomplished
by use of restriction endonuclease fragment analysis, SDS-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. With such techniques the
ability to identify and monitor for baculovirus-host interaction and
potential to undergo genetic change can be accomplished.
1 21
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
1. Report No.
EPA-GAD/1-78-03
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Research, Demonstration, Training, & Fellowship Awards
Listing awards during October 1977 - March 1978
5. Report Date
1st Half FY 1978
6.
7. Author(s) Special Projects & Control Section
Grants Operations Branch
8. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Grants Administration Division
Office of Resources Management
Office of Planning & Management
. Environmental Protection Agency
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
Same as Item 9
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
1st Half FY 1978
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
This is an addition to the series of Awards Registers
16. Abstracts
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA during the
period of October 1977 - March 1978, Fiscal Year 1978, for research,
demonstration, training, and fellowship programs.
A brief project description for most of the research and demon-
stration grants administered by Headquarters is contained in
Section Two, arranged in ascending order of the Grant Identification
Number. A Grant Number Index is included to assist cross-
referencing into Section One material.
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. I7o. Descriptors
Water
Awards
Air
Solid Waste
Hazardous Materials
Pesticides
Grants
Radiation
Water Supply
Training
Fellowships
17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
EPA Awards for research, demonstration, training, & fellowship programs
17c. COSATI Field/Group
18, Availability Statement
Release unlimited
19. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. Securiry Class (This
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
22. Price
FORM NTis-35 (REV. to-73) ENDORSED BY ANSI AND UNESCO.
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4. Title and Subtitle. Title should indicate clearly and briefly the subject coverage of the report, subordinate subtitle to the
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If the repor; contains a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.
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