EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste
Office of Policy, Planning,
and Information
Washington, DC 20460
EPA/530-SW-89-033A
March 1989
Solid Waste
1985 National Biennial Report of
Hazardous Waste Generators
and Treatment, Storage and
Disposal Facilities Regulated
Under RCRA
Volume I: Summary
-------
PREFACE
This report was prepared under the direction of the Office of Solid Waste, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by DPRA Incorporated. The study's
report is divided into two volumes:
"1985 National Biennial Report of Hazardous Waste Generators
and Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities Regulated Under
RCRA" (December 1988)
Volume I: Summary
Volume II: Methodology and Data
The Summary report overviews national, regional and limited state-by-state
analyses of the generator and facility data that were provided by the states (and
territories) in their "State Biennial Program Reports" for 1985 or alternate
reporting formats. The Methodology and Data report provides a more detailed
assessment of the study's survey approach and data, particularly state-by-state
data profiles and relationships among the states. The computer data base
utilized in the study comprises the EPA 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library
located at EPA's National Computing Center, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Although each state's hazardous waste generation and management data are
profiled in this report, it focuses on regional and national level analyses.
Historically, it has been difficult to obtain uniform and consistent data among all
the states; the "1985 Biennial Report" provides more comprehensive and
improved data over earlier 1981 and 1983 studies. Additional needed
improvements are recognized and being addressed in EPA's planning efforts.
Overall, however, the 1985 Biennial Report is regarded by EPA as a benchmark
for future comparative analyses of hazardous waste generation and management
data.
11
-------
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi
SELECTED DEFINITIONS vi
METHODOLOGY 1
NATIONAL SUMMARY RESULTS 5
STATE AND TERRITORY SUMMARY PROFILES 21
APPENDICES 25
iii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Number of Large Hazardous Waste Generators and
Total Hazardous Waste Quantity Generated by EPA
Region, 1985
Table 2. Number of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and
Disposal (TSD) Facilities and Quantity of
Hazardous Waste Managed by EPA Region, 1985
Table 3. Rank Ordering of States Based on the Quantity of
RCRA-Regulated Hazardous Waste Generated and the
Corresponding Number of RCRA and State-Regulated
Generators in 1985
Table 4. Rank Ordering of States Based on the Quantity of
RCRA-Regulated Hazardous Waste Managed,and the
Corresponding Number of RCRA and State-Regulated
TSD Facilities in 1985
Page
11
23
24
IV
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. U.S. EPA Regions and Region-State Designations 3
Figure 2. Schematic of the 1985 Biennial Report Data System 4
Figure 3. Amount of Hazardous Waste Generated by EPA Region,
1985 7
Figure 4. Hazardous Waste Generated in the U.S. by State, 1985 8
Figure 5. Cumulative Percentage of Hazardous Waste Generated in
the U.S., 1985 9
Figure 6. Amount of Hazardous Waste Managed by EPA Region,
1985 12
Figure 7. Hazardous Waste Managed in the U.S. by State, 1985 13
Figure 8. Relative Amount of Hazardous Waste Managed in Onsite
and Off site Facilities, 1985 15
Figure 9. Leading Hazardous Wastes in the U.S. by EPA Waste
Code, 1985 17
Figure 10. Illustration of the Mass Balance Concept for Hazardous
Waste 19
Figure 11. Overview of Data Concerns with the 1985 Biennial
Report 22
Figure 12. Illustration of 1985 Biennial Report State Profile Tables 26
-------
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BR biennial report
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CMA Chemical Manufacturers Association
DL data library
EP extraction procedure (EP toxic waste)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
GAO General Accounting Office
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (of 1984)
HW hazardous waste
HWDMS hazardous waste data management system
LQG large quantity generator
NCC National Computing Center (EPA's North Carolina
facility at Research Triangle Park)
OSW Office of Solid Waste
OTA Office of Technology Assessment
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SAS Statistical Analysis System
SIC Standard Industrial Classification
SQG small quantity generator
TSD treatment, storage, and disposal
TSDR treatment, storage, disposal, and recycle
SELECTED DEFINITIONS
Regulated Waste
RCRA Regulated
Waste Generated:
Waste
Managed:
RCRA Regulated
Waste
Includes hazardous wastes regulated under Federal and state statutes by large quantity
generators and some small quantity generators (SQGs) where states regulate SQGs
Includes RCRA listed and characteristic wastes, exclusive of state regulated hazardous
waste
Includes hazardous wastes managed by all RCRA and state-regulated TSD facilities.
Includes RCRA listed and characteristic wastes managed at on-site and off-site
facilities. Wastes management units included:
• Storage (SOI to S04)
- Containers
-Tanks
-Waste Piles
- Surface Impoundments
Treatment (T01 to T04)
-Tanks
- Surface Impoundments
- Incinerators
-Other
• Disposal (D79 to D84)
- Injection Wells
-Landfills
- Land Treatment
- Ocean
- Surface Impoundments
- Other
• Recycling (ROD
VI
-------
1985 NATIONAL BIENNIAL REPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
GENERATORS AND TREATMENT, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
FACILITIES REGULATED UNDER RCRA
VOLUME I: SUMMARY
This two-volume report summarizes the primary data gathered by EPA for the
1985 Biennial Report on RCRA-regulated hazardous waste generation and
management activities in the U.S. Specifically, the reporting procedures for the
Biennial Report require that generators (except small quantity generators) and
TSD facilities provide data on those wastes that are defined as hazardous in Part
261 of the 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The data gathered provide
the most comprehensive national summary view yet of (1) the number of
RCRA-regulated hazardous waste generators and their generated wastes, and (2)
the number of TSD facilities and the wastes they manage.
The Summary report (Volume I) focuses on national and regional analyses and
findings while the Methodolgy and Data report (Volume II) presents the more
extensive state data profiles upon which the national and regional results are
based. Various regional and national hazardous waste generation and manage-
ment patterns are highlighted in the Summary volume as documented in the
study's data library. The Methodology and Data volume expands upon these
aggregate-level analyses by profiling key hazardous waste generation and
management data for all fifty states and three territories.
METHODOLOGY
RCRA-regulated hazardous waste generators and TSD facilities in all states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam completed and submitted data
-------
forms to state and EPA regional offices describing their 1985 waste management
practices. (Figure 1 outlines the 10 EPA regions and designates the states and
territories associated with each region.) To improve the survey's data
uniformity, EPA utilized codes to identify the wastes and those handling
methods employed in 1985 by RCRA-regulated hazardous waste TSD facilities.
The data from these completed forms were then entered into specific State
Biennial Program Report formats by individual states or by the Agency's
regional offices and forwarded to EPA for processing and incorporation into the
present study.
Some reporting entities, however, found it difficult to use the specified EPA
format, and their data, reported in various formats, required interpretation and
modification by the contractor. Steps used to aggregate the individual state and
territorial summary submissions into the present national report included (1) a
visual check for completeness, (2) an examination for consistency, (3) a request
to appropriate states to provide missing data or resolve report inconsistencies, (4)
the creation of a national data base, (5) a review of resultant state summaries by
their respective states and EPA regional offices and (6) an aggregation of the
individual, edited summaries into the current national summary as presented in
this report.
Figure 2 depicts the basic 1985 Biennial Report data system from the facility
level (generators and TSD facilities) at the base of the pyramid to the state level
(an intermediate level of aggregation) and to the national level at the top of the
pyramid. Each state or EPA region representing a state was the focal point for
resolving data inconsistencies either at the state level or the facility level within
the apfBcabte state. Only in exceptional cases did the contractor develop
computer files directly from facility level survey forms. Also, some states
utilized approved alternate survey forms that required special handling. Overall,
the primary study objective was to generate a consistent set of state data bases
from the State Biennial Program Report (or alternative survey forms) for 1985
-------
FIGURE 1. U.S. EPA REGIONS AND REGION-STATE DESIGNATIONS
Region-State Designations
4 Alabama
10 Alaska
9 Arizona
6 Arkansas
9 California
8 Colorado
1 Connecticut
3 Delaware
3 District of Columbia
4 Florida
4Qacrfia
$lhvsii
Ittffiho
SJJMois
5 alalana
7 Iowa
7 Kansas
4 Kentucky
6 ixw'f'wi
1 Maine
3 Maryland
1 l_fm«»«j'hit«jtt«
5 Michigan
5Minnesou
4 Mississippi
6KfiMOurr
8 Montana
7 Nebraska
9 Nevada
1 New Hampshire
2 New Jersey
6 New Mexico
2 New York
4 North Carolina
8 North Dakota
5 Ohio
6 Oklahoma
10 Oregon
3 Pennsylvania
1 Rhode Island
4 South Carolina
8 South Dakota
4 Tennessee
6 Texas
8 Utah
1 Vermont
3 Virginia
10 Washington
3 West Virginia
5 Wisconsin
8 Wyoming
9 American Samoa
9 Guam
2 Puerto Rico
2 Virgin Islands
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
FIGURE 2. SCHEMATIC OF THE 1985 BIENNIAL REPORT DATA SYSTEM
NATIONAL
LEVEL
STATE
LEVEL
FACILITY
LEVEL
1985 BIENNIAL
REPORT SAS
DATA LIBRARY
(DL88350) I/
STATE BIENNIAL
PROGRAM REPORT
FOR 1985
EPA HAZARDOUS REPORT FORMS
FOR 1985 U
• EPA FORM 8700-13A-THB GENERATOR REPORT
• EPA FORM 8700-13B-THB FACILITY REPORT
I/ The 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library is located on EPA's NCC computer
system at Research Triangle Park, NC.
2/ Approximately thirty-five states provided state profile data in the requested format.
Others sent computer tapes, state data on computer printouts of facility level forms
for EPA Region or DPRA input.
y See Appendix B, Volume n for copies of the forms and instructions. Also, some
states used approved alternate survey report forms.
Source:
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by DPRA.
-------
that constitutes the 1985 Biennial Report SAS (Statistical Analysis System) Data
Library. This data library contains all the state and facility level data utilized to
produce this two-volume report.
NATIONAL SUMMARY RESULTS
Aggregate information is presented from the individual state and territory
summaries based on those RCRA-reguiated waste streams and handling methods
as defined by EPA in 1985. Table 1 indicates by EPA region the nationally
aggregated number of RCRA-regulated large hazardous waste generators and the
quantities of their 1985 generated wastes.1 A total of 21,740 generators reported
the generation of 271.0 million tons of hazardous waste in 1985. Figure 3
shows that EPA regions 3, 4, and 6 led in the amount of hazardous waste
generated. These regions accounted for 80.7 percent of the national total while
regions 1, 7, 8, and 10 were responsible for only a cumulative 1.6 percent.
A much more graphic illustration of the variation in hazardous waste generation
in the U.S. by state is presented in Figure 4. The dominant regions - 3, 4, and
6 - in hazardous waste generation are the mid-Atlantic, the Southeastern and the
Gulf states.
A further analysis of individual generators throughout the U.S. is also instructive.
For instance, the top 50 generators in 1985 accounted for approximately 217
million tons of hazardous waste (federal and state) or 80 percent of the nation's
total, and the top 100 generators accounted for 87 percent of the U.S. total.
Figure 5 shows the complete, relative profile of the number of generators (in
'Large quantity generators (with 1,000 Kg/month or more) are defined
herein as those annually generating hazardous waste quantities of 13.2 tons or
more. However, generators without a reported quantity (zero or blank) are also
included so that the number of large generators is not underreported from
available state data. See Appendix A, Volume n, for detailed state-level
generator data by size category.
-------
TABLE 1. NUMBER OF LARGE HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS AND TOTAL
HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY GENERATED BY EPA REGION, 1985
Hazardous waste Hazardous waste
generators quantity
Region Number Percent Total reported Percent
(%) (000 tons) (%)
1 2,087 9.6 341 0.1
2 2,247 10.3 25,118 9.3
3 3,433 15.8 69,174 25.5
4 2,227 10.3 95,519 35.2
5 2,916 13.4 12,175 4.5
6 3,040 14.0 54,097 20.0
7 510 2.4 2,057 0.8
8 358 1.7 1,475 0.5
9 4,196 19.3 10,607 3.9
10 726 3.3 475 0.2
TOTAL U.S. 21,740 I/ 100.6 * 271,037 2/ 100.0 *
* May not add due to rounding
I/ This number includes all 1985 State Biennial Program Report Section I generators
with 13.2 tons or more annually (1,000 kg/month) of hazardous waste and
generators with unreported quantities (zero or blank) that may be large generators.
See Appendix A, Volume n for generator data comparisons by state. Also, see
Appendix C, Volume n, State Biennial Program Report for 1985, for Section I and
related definitions.
2/ The total reported hazardous waste quantity is based on the larger of either
Section I (RCRA and state-only regulated hazardous waste by generator) or
Section in (RCRA-regulated hazardous waste by hazardous waste code) data as
reported by each state. This procedure minimizes the effects of missing data errors
within either Section I or ffl. See Appendix A, Volume n for data comparisons by
state.
Source: Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
(Sections I and m data. DL88350)
-------
FIGURE 3. AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED
BY EPA REGION, 1985
(000 tons)
Quantity
100,000
90, 000
80, 000
70, 000
60,000-
50, 000
40, 000
30,000-
20, 000:
10, 000:
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Region
Source:
by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
Imdmdata. DL88350)
-------
FIGURE 4. HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED IN THE U.S. BY STATE, 1985
I I Smoil«»t on«-thlrd
Source: Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library. (Sections I and 111 data. DL88350)
-------
FIGURE 5. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
GENERATED IN THE U.S., 1985 I/
Percent of
Quantity
inn
100 ^
90-
80 :
70 :
60 :
50-
40 :
30 :
20:
10:
0-
_ j
^^'"'
*~*
^***'
^_~'~
^,-'''
----"'
--'"''" 7-
,---''' 0.00 0.03 0.22 °'52' j
40
(99D
*• ^^^A^^ftk^feh^ak^^fc^feh^fek^a^^^i^^^^^hfri^^^feh^ak^ik'^toi^h^^ak^^^afr^fefc^a^^k^^^^a^^a^^a^^a^^fe^^k^^hH^i^^a'^a^hl^^^iMi^Mti^MM^^
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of Generators
I/ This figure, referred to as a Lorenz curve, is based on 21,740 large quantity
generaton (LQOs) with 271.0 million tons of hazardous waste in 1985.
Source:
by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
mbdata. DL88350)
-------
order by size) and the corresponding amount of hazardous waste generated. This
clearly illustrates the marked dominance of the major generators. Fewer than
five percent of the generators account for over 95 percent of the national
generated hazardous waste.2
The aggregated national total indicates that 4,944 RCRA-regulated TSD facilities
existed in 1985. As Table 2 shows, the greatest number of facilities were in
EPA regions 6, 5, and 3 respectively. Regions 10, 8, and 7, respectively, had
the fewest.
The reported national total of RCRA-regulated hazardous waste handled by all
reporting TSD facilities in calendar year 1985 was 237.9 million tons. As Table
2 also shows, the greatest quantities of hazardous waste were handled in regions
3, 4, and 6 which managed 28.9, 26.9, and 24.8 percent respectively or 80.6
percent of the total. The relative relationships of hazardous waste managed
among the regions are further depicted in Figure 6. Regions 1, 7, and 10
managed less than 2.0 percent collectively. A more graphic illustration of
hazardous waste management in the U.S. is presented in Figure 7. This figure
shows the proportional amounts of hazardous waste managed by state and
highlights the concentrations of managed hazardous wastes in the eastern and
Gulf states, a pattern roughly corresponding to that of the primary areas of
hazardous waste generation.
A total of 2,801 facilities or 56.7 percent of the facilities operating in 1985 used
container storage as a handling method; 1,089 facilities or 22.0 percent used
storage in tanks. Only 16 facilities reported using ocean disposal - most of
'Figure 5 accounts for only the large quantity generators where LQGs are
those with more than 1,000 KgAnonth (or 13.2 ton per year). There are 21,740
LQGs in the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library. See Volume 0, Appendix
A, for further details concerning large (and small) generators and their hazardous
waste quantities.
10
-------
TABLE 2. NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL (TSD) FACILITIES AND QUANTITY OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGED BY EPA REGION, 1985
Quantity of hazardous
TSD facilities waste managed
Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL U.S.
Number
236
470
630
531
916
1,317
185
102
468
_52
4,944 I/
Percent
(%)
4.8
9.5
12.8
10.7
18.5
26.6
3.7
2.1
9.5
_LS
100.0 *
Quantity
(000 tons)
787
19,335
68,824
63,954
13,818
59,030
1,459
5,233
4,758
677
237,875 2/
Percent
(%)
0.3
8.1
28.9
26.9
5.8
24.8
0.6
2.2
2.0
_&3.
100.0 *
* May not add due to rounding.
I/ The number of TSD facilities is based on the 1985 State Biennial Program Report
Section n data that lists each reported facility. See Appendix C, Volume n, State
Biennial Program Report for 1985, for Section n and related definitions.
2/ The total quantity of hazardous waste managed is based on the larger of either
Section n (RCRA and state-only regulated hazardous waste by facility) or
Section VI (RCRA-regulated hazardous waste by hazardous waste code) data as
reported by each state. This procedure minimizes the effects of missing data errors
within either Section n or VI. See Appendix A, Volume n for data comparisons
by state.
Source: Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
(Sections H and VI data. DL88350)
11
-------
FIGURE 6. AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGED BY EPA REGION, 1985
(000 tons)
Quantity
70, 000
60, 000
50, 000
40, 000
30, 000 <
20, 000
10, 000 i
0
ii
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Region
Source:
by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
DL88350)
12
-------
FIGURE 7. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGED IN THE U.S. BY STATE, 1985
I I Smoll«»t on«-third
Source: Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library (Section 0 and VI data. DL88350)
-------
these were located in Region 6 (Texas and Louisiana). Region 6, which had a
total of 1,317 TSD facilities in 1985, reported that 896 or 68.0 percent used
container storage.
Of the total number of TSD facilities reporting in 1985, 59.1 percent managed
only onsite generated waste, and these accounted for 70.1 percent of the 1985
totals. By comparison 20.0 percent of all facilities claimed to manage only
offsite generated hazardous waste or but 2.6 percent of the total. Finally, 20.9
percent of the total number of reporting TSD facilities managed both onsite and
offsite generated wastes, accounting for 27.3 percent of the 1985 reported
hazardous waste. Figure 8 illustrates these relationships between onsite and
offsite managed wastes or both.
Five major hazardous waste streams accounted for 86.0 percent of the total
waste reported by the states as having been generated in 1985. These five
leading wastes and the percentage of the national total each represents are as
follows:
RCRA Waste Code3 Hazardous Waste Description Percent of Total
D002 Corrosive waste 42.1
MOMX Mixtures, general (including 31.9
some state-only regulated waste)
DOMX Mixtures, characteristic 6.2
D007 Chromium waste 3.3
KOMX Mixtures, listed industrial 2.5
'RCRA waste codes are defined in 40 CFR 261. By category, the types of
wastes included as RCRA wastes are the following: D001-D017 = characteristic
hazardous waste (HW); F001-F028 = HW from nonspecific sources; K001-K136
= HW from specific sources, P001-P123 = discarded commercial chemical
products, off-specification species, container residuals, and spill residues thereof -
acute HW; U001-U359 = discarded commercial chemical products, off-specifica-
tion species, container residues, and spill residues thereof - toxic waste. MX
(and M) refer to mixtures that were not specifically classified, per se, in the
1985 Biennial Hazardous Waste Report form, including state-only regulated
wastes where applicable.
14
-------
FIGURE 8. RELATIVE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGED IN
ONSITE AND OFFSITE FACILITIES, 1985
Percent
1001
Onsite TSDs
Offsite TSOs
Both
Number of Facilities
Amount of Hazardous Waste Managed
Source:
by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
(Section na data. DL88350)
15
-------
Figure 9 is a schematic chart that shows the relative importance of these major
hazardous wastes.
A total of 3.1 million tons of hazardous waste was shipped by generators to out-
of-state TSD facilities. The five leading exporting states of hazardous waste
were New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Massachusetts, states which
accounted for 38.1 percent of all interstate shipments in 1985. The five leading
importing states to which hazardous wastes were shipped in 1985 were Pennsyl-
vania, Louisiana, Ohio, Michigan, and New York, with a combined 49.5 percent
of the waste as determined by data reported by the exporting states.
EPA required that each state report by specified handling code the total
quantities of the RCRA-regulated wastes which were treated, stored, or disposed
of within the state during 1985. The main handling methods utilized nationally
in 1985 were, in volume rank order, treatment in tanks' (Biennial Report code
T01), other treatment (T04), injection well disposal (D79), and treatment in
surface impoundments (T02). These four methods accounted for approximately
91 percent of the hazardous waste managed by one or more management
methods.
A simulation model was concurrently developed to depict typical management of
particular waste streams after their arrival at a TSD facility and prior to their
ultimate disposal. That model (see: "Network Simulation Model of Hazardous
Waste Management in the U.S.," EPA/OSW, January 1988) offers a more
detailed and accurate reflection of the total quantities disposed of by each
handling method.
The quantities of hazardous waste managed by each handling method are further
subdivided into quantities managed by waste group and into onsite and offsite
categories. Overall, less than 5 percent (4.5%) of all hazardous waste managed
was handled offsite. The U, D001 and F006-F024 waste streams, i.e., U =
16
-------
FIGURE 9. LEADING HAZARDOUS WASTES IN THE U.S.
BY EPA WASTE CODE, 1983
KOMX
2.50%
MOMX
31.93%
DOMX
6.19%
D002
42.06%
OTHER
14.06%
D007
0002 Corrosive waste
MOMX Mixture, general
DOMX Mixture, characteristic
0007 Chromium waste
KOMX Mixtures, listed industrial
Source:
by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Dtu Library.
(Section mb data. DU8350)
17
-------
toxic wastes, D001 = Ignitable waste, and F006-F024 = non-specific sources,
were managed offsite relatively more often than the other waste categories.
The only previous study containing extensive national data on hazardous waste
management was a 1981 Mail Survey. (A more comprehensive 1983 study was
not released because of data problems.) The available estimates for 1981 and
1985 are not directly comparable because of different reporting methodologies
used, but the present study did attempt a relatively complete, though necessarily
limited, comparative analysis was done to the extent possible.
Throughout the 1985 Biennial Report data gathering and management process, a
series of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures were
followed to assure that the data reported were internally consistent and reason-
able as reported. Wherever data discrepancies occurred, efforts were made to
reconcile the problem either from existing reports or by contacting state officials
who were responsible for their state's 1985 Biennial Report. Not all states were
able to respond to detailed requests for additional data (primarily because of
resource constraints); consequently, there are missing data for identifiable site-
specific variables in the overall data base and aggregate results, therefore, tended
to be underreported. It is generally expected, however, that the states
consistently included the largest generators and TSD facilities in their 1985
Biennial Report submissions. Hence, aggregate findings are expected to be
relatively complete, i.e., omission of the smaller facilities' data has a limited
relative effect on the aggregate results.
Another quality assurance procedure developed in this study was to seek state
and national "mass balance" estimates of hazardous waste generation and
management This procedure employed the following mass balance principle:
hazardous waste managed (M) equals hazardous waste generated (G) plus
imports (I) minus exports (X). Figure 10 depicts this mass balance concept as
the equation:
18
-------
FIGURE 10. ILLUSTRATION OF THE MASS BALANCE CONCEPT FOR
HAZARDOUS WASTE
M - G •»• (I -
MANAGED
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
GENERATED
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
IMPORTED EXPORTED
HAZARDOUS HAZARDOUS
WASTE WASTE
Source: Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by DPRA.
19
-------
M = G + (I - X)
The 1985 Biennial Report Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Data Library
contains estimates of these mass balance variables for each state (see Chapter FV
State and Territory Summary Profiles) mat can also be aggregated for the nation.
The present reports' QA/QC objectives required contacting the states with either
large relative or absolute differences in their reported mass balance estimates.
Overall, 25 states were examined and, where applicable, hazardous waste
quantities generated and managed were recalculated. In the aggregate,
approximately 215 million tons of hazardous waste were reported both generated
and managed.4 The main type of proposed revision (desirable for obtaining
uniform data reporting) involved in this assessment is to exclude wastewater
from the quantities generated after being treated in exempt processes. Such
exemptions would effectively reduce the repoitable quantity of hazardous waste
generated.
While this quality assurance procedure was effective in accounting for the major
differences between TSD-managed and adjusted generation quantities, not all
proposed changes were deemed acceptable in the 1985 Biennial Report SAS
Data Library pending formal reporting from state officials. For example, until
states officially exclude wastewater managed in exempt units from their genera-
tion and TSD quantities (a procedure which would achieve more uniform
reporting), this change is being withheld. However, specific and documented
state data changes were made for several states, e.g., New Jersey, Illinois,
Maryland, and Oregon, following this QA/QC procedure.
*It is emphasized that this QA/QC procedure was completed using a draft
version of the SAS Data Library, i.e., September 15, 1987. Additional quantities
of hazardous waste generated and managed were reported subsequent to the
procedure.
20
-------
Although numerous steps were taken to improve data quality and consistency
among the states' hazardous waste generation and management data, users of the
1985 Biennial Report data must be cognizant that the data should be carefully
interpreted. Data discrepancies will continue to exist because not all facility and
state reporting practices are uniform. Variations in reporting exist by generator
size (differing state small quantity generator definitions), by waste code
(differing state-only regulated wastes or unique state waste coding systems), and
by other factors (e.g., differing state procedures for including or excluding
storage-transfer only stations). Such variations cannot be fully addressed
retroactively, although EPA continues its efforts to improve future data gathering
procedures. Also, the 1985 Biennial Report gathered export data from each
state, including the expected state destinations for exported wastes, and these
reported destinations (and associated quantities) represent derived "imports" for
the states. However, no corresponding import data by each importing state were
collected. It appears that discrepancies would be found in the quantities reported
by these two methods, and future surveys should include imports reported by
each receiving state as well as the exports reported by each sending state.
Figure 11 briefly describes these overall data concerns.
STATE AND TERRITORY SUMMARY PROFILES
State-by-state comparisons of summary data are accomplished by first ranking
the states in order based on the quantity of RCRA-regulated hazardous waste
generated (Table 3) with a reporting of the corresponding number of RCRA
regulated generators in 1985. Secondly, a rank ordering of states is done based
on the quntiry of RCRA-regulated hazardous waste managed (Table 4) with the
reporting of the corresponding number of regulated TSD facilities in 1985.
Overall, there is a high correlation in the ranking of states by generation and
management, largely because most industrial wastes are managed by onsite TSD
facilities. Thus, most states manage approximately the same quantities as they
21
-------
FIGURE 11. OVERVIEW OF DATA CONCERNS WITH THE
1985 BIENNIAL REPORT
GENERATOR HAZARDOUS WASTE AMOUNTS
• Amounts by generator (Section I) differ in some states from amounts by EPA waste code (Section ID).
Facility data, waste code data, or both may be missing.
• Wastewater content of reported waste amounts varies among generators and states.
- The percent solids content of wastestreams varies among industrial processes.
- Wastewater is reported by some states but excluded by others when it is treated in exempt units and
discharged to POTWs or managed under NPDES permits.
• Long term storage of hazardous waste may result in carryover amounts into subsequent periods.
• One time or irregular wastestreams. e.g.. clean-up, may abnormally affect generation amounts.
Tsp PACT1JTV AMOUNTS
• Amounts by TSD facility (Section 0) may differ from amounts by handling method and waste code (Section
VI). Facility data, handling method-waste code data, or both appeal to be missing or misreported. Biennial
report instructions for intermediate handling methods for 1983 were unclear.
• Intermediate treatment and storage methods employed sequentially and reported appear to result in multiple
counting although volumes are reduced following some treatment methods.
EXPORTS/IMPORTS OP HAZARDOUS WASTES
• Only exports are reported (amounts by state of destination). Import! an derived as reported by exporting
states. No internal verification of imports is possible.
• RCRA-regulated and state-only hazardous waste amounts exported are combined in the state reports and are
not separable as reported.
• Tracking of exports appears limited, and delivered 1983 export amounts were generally unverifiaMe.
STATE-ONLY REQUHnATPJ) WASTES
• State-only regulated wastes vary among the states from none to many.
• Mixture* of RCRA-regulated and state-only hazardous wastes are jointly reported by some states, e.g.,
MOMX, and amounts of each are not separable.
rmrm DATA CONCERNS
• Unit* of measurement vary and conversions from volume to mas* were required e.g., 8 J4 pounds per gallon
was used if density factors were not otherwise available.
of wastes to human health and the emammias: are not repotted before or after
smaO quantity generators may produce more harmful wastestreams than some large quantity
by wast* code were inconsistently reported with multiple counting of waste* occurring in
and state report*. Both original waste amount* and amount* by handling method are desirable.
Ongoing RCRA regulatory and hazardous waste Uating changes result in shift* in data need* and priorities.
However, data collection for 1983 beyond the 1983 Biennial Report data system as summarized was outside
the study's scope.
22
-------
TABLE 3. RANK ORDERING OF STATES BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF RCRA-REGULATED
HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED AND THE CORRESPONDING NUMBER
OF RCRA AND STATE-REGULATED GENERATORS IN 1985
1985 RCRA-regulated
RCRA and State-
hazardous waste l/ renilated sen
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
* May
I/
State
Texas
Georgia
Tennessee
Pennsylvania
Virginia
New Yoik
Louisiana
West Virginia
California
New Jersey
Kentucky
Alabama
South Carolina
Michigan
Ohio
Indiana
Mississippi
Illinois
Oklahoma
Kansas
North Carolina
Utah
Arizona
Florida
Maryland
Nebraska
Washington
Minnesota
Colorado
Connecticut
Puerto Rico
Wisconsin
Iowa
Massachusetts
Nevada
Delaware
Missouri
Ariraiwaa
Oregon
Montana
New Hampshire
Wyoming
Rhode Island
Vermont
NtwMexko
ssr
NittDvkota
AMta
Id*o
District of Columbia
South Dakota
Guam
TOTAL*
not add due to rounding. 0.00
Some states exempt hazardous
Quantity
(000 tons)
38,767.6
37,324.8
33,199.0
31,307.2
24,995.5
15,969.2
13,672.1
12,077.1
9,657.8
8,999.5
7,661.9
7,406.2
5,300.8
4,076.9
2,986.3
2,517.9
2,507.5
2,141.4
1,591.2
1,324.7
1,285.3
1,134.8
846.7
833.7
698.3
543.4
439.2
328.6
295.0
178.0
149.0
123.4
120.8
114.4
94.8
94.5
68.1
57.2
30.8
25.2
19.9
15.8
11.6
9.8
8.8
7.3
7.1
3.2
2.6
2.0
1.9
0.9
0.4
271,037.3
indicates less than 0.01
Percent
14.30
13.77
12.25
11.55
9.22
5.89
5.04
4.46
3.56
3.32
2.83
2.73
1.96
1.50
1.10
0.93
0.93
0.79
0.59
0.49
0.47
0.42
0.31
0.31
0.26
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.11
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
percent.
wastewater following treatment from
Number
2,450
330
556
2,607
532
652
302
57
3.972 -
1,480
187
217
171
542
688
395
109
760
118
131
384
220
160
273
.206
65
188
291
90
364
115
240
123
1,013
34
25
191
114
505
17
102
14
403
124
56
26
69
8
9
24
6
9
4
21,728
further regulation
hazardous) while other states do not exempt such wastewater. Consequently, the rank
M*M*A«t M4M«t44 **M^* if till m AWAMMM4«4^M •• ••> II • ill • •• •••AMM 4«tf«MM*MM*
icrators 2/
Percent
11.28
1.52
2.56
12.00
2.45
3.00
1.39
0.26
18.28
6.81
0.86
1.00
0.79
2.49
3.17
1.82
0.50
3.50
0.54
0.60
1.77
1.01
0.74
1.26
0.95
0.30
0.87
1.34
0.41
1.68
0.53
1.10
0.57
4.66
0.16
0.12
0.88
0.52
2.32
0.08
0.47
0.06
1.85
0.57
0.26
0.12
0.32
0.04
0.04
0.11
0.03
0.04
0.02
100.00
(if non-
ordering of
vary
2/ Number of large quantity gedenton, i.e., over 13.2 tons annually, plus generators with unrepoited
quantities (zeros or blanks). See Appendix A.
Source: Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library. (Survey Sections I and ffl
data. DL88350)
23
-------
TABLE 4. RANK ORDERING OF STATES BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF RCRA-REGULATED
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGED AND THE CORRESPONDING NUMBER
OF RCRA AND STATE-REGULATED TSD FACUJnES IN 1985
1985 RCRA-regulated
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
• May
I/
Source!
State
Texas
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Louisiana
West Virginia
New York
New Jersey
Kentucky
Alabama
Michigan
South Carolina
Utah
Ohio
California
Mississippi
Illinois
Oklahoma
Indiana
North Carolina
Kansas
Arizona
Tennessee
Arkansas
Florida
Washington
Maryland
Massachusetts
Colorado
Connecticut
Puerto Rico
Wisconsin
Nevada
Iowa
Minnesota
North Dakota
Rhode Island
Wyoming
Missouri
Oregon
Delaware
Montana
New Mexico
Hvrati
Nahmka
Maine
Alaska
Vermont
New Hampshire
Guam
South Dakota
District of Columbia
TOTAL*
hazardous
Quantity
(000 tons)
41,426.2
37318.5
31,1793
24,970.7
14,699.8
12,044.9
10,219.6
8,985.9
8,245.8
7493.0
5436.7
5,292.7
4,777.7
3,851.8
3,7343
2,4493
2355.6
2,171.9
1,873.4
1,4163
1324.6
920.0
9154
7243
7233
642.9
601.9
541.8
279.9
174.2
129.7
105.4
96.9
94.9
94.9
84.7
67.4
66.0
34.1
28.6
273
24.8
7.4
6.2
5.0
43
2.6
13
0.8
0.7
03
0.0
0.0
237,8753
not add due to rounding. 0.0 indicates teas than 100
waste I/
Percent
17.42
15.69
14.11
10.50
6.18
5.06
4.30
3.78
3.47
3.19
233
2.22
2.01
1.62
1.57
1.03
0.99
0.91
0.79
0.60
0.56
039
038
030
030
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.12
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
RCRA and State-
regnlated TSD
Number
1,153
91
464
67
67
39
132
284
44
66
126
83
39
251
348
47
295
46
133
78
35
98
50
35
72
60
44
52
34
138
54
70
8
46
41
7
13
11
%
13
15
9
16
12
8
11
17
5
7
9
2
2
1
4,944
facilities
Percent
23.32
1.84
9.39
1.36
1.36
0.79
2.67
5.75
0.89
1.33
2.55
1.68
0.79
5.08
7.04
0.95
5.97
0.93
2.69
1.58
0.71
1.98
1.01
0.71
1.46
1.21
0.89
1.05
0.69
2.79
1.09
1.42
0.16
0.93
0.83
0.14
0.26
0.22
1.94
0.26
0.30
0.18
0.32
0.24
0.16
0.22
034
0.10
0.14
0.18
0.04
0.04
0.02
100.00
tons; 0.00 indicates less than 0.01 percent.
Some states exempt hazardous wastewater following treatment from
rank ordering of states could vary
Prepared by DPRA from the 1985
data. DL88350)
uiuci BimcB uu inn
if the exemption pi
Biennial Report &
CACUlpl SUM1 1
fooMHift were
US Data Libra
further regulation (if non-
wastewater. Consequently, the
constant.
ry. (Survey Sections n and VI
24
-------
generate. Texas, Georgia, Pennsylvania and Virginia3 rank among the top five
states in both quantities generated and quantities managed.6
A state profile, consisting of a three-page summary, is presented in Volume n of
this report for all states and territories. Figure 12 illustrates this profile's
content. Page one of the profile contains summary data regarding generators,
TSD facilities and handling methods. Page two shows each state's reported
shipments of exported hazardous waste, including quantities shipped by destina-
tion. In addition, page two reports hazardous waste shipments to each state
("imports") as reported by the exporting states. (Imports received are uncon-
firmed by the receiving states, however.) Finally, page three shows the amount
of each of the nation's 50 most prevalent hazardous wastes generated within the
state and the rank of the waste in the state's total waste volume.
APPENDICES
Three appendices are included in the Volume n report. Appendix A summarizes
key generator and TSD facility data on a state-by-state basis with data
comparisons within each state and nationally. Copies of the U.S. EPA
Hazardous Waste Biennial Report forms for 1985 are shown in Appendix B and
a copy of the State Biennial Program Report forms for 1985 comprise Appendix
C. The U.S. EPA Report forms (or approved alternate forms) were designed for
individual generators and TSD facilities and were to be submitted either to the
states or EPA regional offices. The data on these forms were summarized on
emphasizes that wastewater is included in its generation and
managmtt data and its ranking is accordingly affected. No precise procedure
for consistently removing wastewater from state-reported data was found; each
state's data are in the form reported.
Tennessee ranks high as a generator of hazardous waste including large
quantities of wastewater that are ultimately treated in RCRA-exempt processes
and properly disposed. Consequently, the quantity of managed hazardous waste
in the state is significantly lower following the exclusion of exempt-process
wastes.
25
-------
FIGURE 12. ILLUSTRATION OF 1985 BIENNIAL REPORT STATE
PROFILE TABLES
im iKMiiti. xroii surf riurui rat TNI stin OF «»M«iieto«
IftlLi ) OF 11
• 4ST( STIttR CtnfKTIOII STlti ItaKC CODFtllO TO KtTIIMUL ItMIHC 1 T0> >|F|TI
•«tio»«L «STi 3u««rin ccxfitrEo ir»rt .>sn MICEKI OF
»M CODt III STtTC ITOIISI COOl IU1 Sr>TI TOTtL
0002 »7.40I 1
•0«I 11.102 2
OORI 141.121 1
0007 «2I u
(Oil 1.1*1 u
F091 101 II
7 0901 114 22
Kit IIIMUL HKMir ST1TI HOHll FOI THi STtTI Of HtSMIIKTOII
ITXLf I OF 11
TOT«L OUtHTlTT OF HtdUOUS »»»TI TOTiL OUMIITT OF HlltUOlrS «»STt
• IFOITIO SKIFPIO OUT OF STtTI IIFOITIt SMIFF-IO HOK OTMfl IT«T(S
lliroiTSli imFOITSH U
• fCII»l«C tOkS STtTIS SMIF^IM TOMS
STITI SHIFFIO TO MSNIMTOI IHIFflO
tlltRSt]
HUM*
CM.IFOMI*
COLM100
if» iiimitL upwr ST4TI HOFUI FOI TH
IT4M.I 1 0' 11
TOTAL muni* o' ici4 iicuiuto L*ICI timiiTO*.! i
TOTAL aiunriTT ITOMSI OF iicuitrio »STI efMUTi
•«« UWLITIO TSO FUUITIIS IIICTIOH in
F4CUITUS iMMtiM am* owiti tiMittio HAS
F4CILITIIS »»H»CI« 0«.f OFMIM UMI4TIO ••
FACKITIIS lUtCIHC «4»tt CIMI4Ttl IOTM OK i
TOT4L Til •Ullll MO MICIBT 0» I4STII
TOTAL OUAHTITT OF ICI4 IICIM.4TIO lAtTI MIACIO IS
44 4L4SI4
44 C4LIFOMI4
4.211 COLOUM
1 N4K4II
i ST4TI Of MSHINCTO*
SfCTIOM 1411 I/ 144
9 ISfC. 14/lltlll 11 41*. 217
FtlCMT
NMIII OF D4Sn
Til 11 71.1* I
STII •• 1 ».n I
MO OFFSITII 14 11. O4 S
10 10* X
ICTIOII II4/TIH 442. OTf
XMIII » MUWOU1 ««STI OUUTITIIS MUKII
FtCILITIII ISICTIOM fit I/
HAMLIK MTHOO COOI ISICTIOH III WJIII OFFJITI TOTM.
CMTAIMIS >•
STOI4M rtwi soi
OTMfl ITOIUCI SO
TlltTMITT ttwil TO
• TMtl TlltrmilT T0<
TOTM. STOI/TIKT
IKJtCTIO* HILLS 07<
LMO»ILLS 0(1
LU» TH«T«»T 01
OCfM OMfOSU. 01
SMMCI lirOtmOKIIITS 0*
•»STI PILIS SO
SUMtCI l«OU«OmilTl St
SUWACt IMOUHOIIIIITI TOJ
ITHU onrostL o»<
TOTtL OlirOIM.
IMCIMI4T01S T«
MCTCLIMIOrriOMil Ml
L 11 i.irr Mi47i i«t*M
i* I.»IT i.i»r «tt««
1 I 101
1 I> ll».T»» ll.»T» 14»,l4t
1 1 I»MI It tt*ll
Ult4«* TT,«OI l**.ll*
1 000
I 70?
TO* 0 Tl<
001
1 0 0 *
1 t.OM 10.000 »».»»»
> j.n* a tiifi
1 000
I 000
I.Ml SOtOOO »lil*l
1 i tt410 0 It4M
1 1 001
ItM* TIT»LI 111.71* 117. *0{ 4>*.»ll
soMcit rurtui rm IM IT I»M. lie. IIMTIT SICTIMS i. n. in ue «i
OATt. OLMIMI
I/ SMIL (UMTITT MMUTMS IIIH LISI TUMI U.I TOMS/TIM 1 100O I«/*«TMI
ill NOT HfMtiO IUT CIMIAtOIS IITH IMSIM IWMriTIIS Ml IHCLUOtO.
n smi-wiLT Niitnqws MSII »•» u MMtfii in AMIIIM TO iei» iimtrti
•UKUOUS <»JTL. TM LMMt OIUWtlfT !• SKIIOB U «*• Illl II MfOITW TO
KIClnlM 4IJSIIC 0«T«.
I/ MUkTHLI COIMTIW Of MSIIS »> MMM.III MTMM Mr OCCW
It
r»*
i
i
441
11
».»•«
1
1
I.»l7
, i.Ml
0»T». M.IIIS*!
<« suns, rws SMIMH
AMTITII] IICI If I* IT
11.91
;«.ir
«J.U
9.12
O.«l
0.01
0.01
o.rt
.11
,11
.1;
• 44
.<»
•/<
N/A
• />
•/«
9.00
0.11
• /•
9.00
*/>
0.04
0.00
0.1*
0.11
O.II
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.0«
•/•
0.01
0.0*
o.ai
»/»
•/*
9.00
•/•
O.Of
•/•
O.I*
«/«
•/>
9.00
«/t
•/«
1 0«T». OtlllSOl
Source:
Prepared by DPRA from the 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library.
26
-------
the State Biennial Program Report (Appendix C) and transmitted to EPA for
processing and analysis. This 1985 National Biennial Report and its correspond-
ing 1985 Biennial Report SAS Data Library are the results of that analysis.
27
-------
1985 BIENNIAL REPORT STATE PROFILE FDR THE STATE OF QHIT
(TABLE 1 DF 3)
TOTAL NUM3ER OF RCRA REGULATED LARGE GENERATORS (SECTION U): I/
TOTAL QUANTITY (TONS) OF REGULATED dASTE GENERATED (SEC. IA/IIIB): It 2,986,3
0j £ MF THDO
W J 1 • « O "* C 1 fi U U
(SECTION II)
170
57
4
35
12
4
5
4
0
3
7
27
0
0
7
0
GRAND TOTAL
I )
RATED JASTE:
ERATED *ASTE:
NJ1
BOTH ON AND OFFSITE:
A>UGED (SECTI
HAZARDOUS
ONSITE
3,389
9,539
3
269,760
39,936
322,627
l,4ai,911
6,309
21,091
0
0
6,375
Ii042,073
1,705
0
2,499,464
20,719
0
: . 2,842,810
ON I IA/VI ) :
xASTE 3UANTIT
(SECTION VI)
DFFSITE
3,286
2,396
1 , 684
320,389
50,947
378,701
D
300,067
607
0
40,683
10,737
0
243, 33b
3
595,423
34,887
0
1,009,016
9ER OF
-------
1985 BIENNIAL REPORT STATE PRDFI.E F3* TrlE STATE OF
(TABLE 2 3F 3)
TOTAL QUANTITY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
REPORTED SHIPPED O'JT OF STATE
(EXPORTS):
TOTAL QUANTITY DF HAZARD3JS
-------
1985 BIENNIAL REPORT STATE PR3FUE FDR THE STATE OF 0-U3
(TABLE 3 3F 3)
WASTE STREAM GENERATION STATE RANKING C31PARED TO NATIONA_ RANKING (T3P FIFTY)
NATIONAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
rfASTE
CDOE
D002
10MX
DOMX
3007
-------
50272-101
PORT DOCUMENTATION
1. REPORT NO.
EPA/530-SW-89-033B
I 3. Recipient 5 Accession No.
4. Title end Subtitle ' j 5. Report Date
1985 NATIONAL BIENNIAL REPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS AND TREATMENT. j MARCH 198?
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES RE6ULATED UNDER RCRA (VOL. II: METHODOLOGY | 6.
AND DATA)
7. Author Is)
OFPI/OSW
8. Performing Organization Rept. No
9. Perfornunq Organization Name and Address
I 10. Projett/Tasb/Work Unit No.
U.S. EPA
Office of Solid Waste
401 M. Street SW
Washington. DC 20460
11. Contract (C) or Grant (6) No.
(0
(6)
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
I 13. Type of Report & Period Covered
' BIENNIAL REPORT - 3/69
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
This report presents the more extensive State data profiles, upon which the national and regional results are based. The
Methodology and Data volume expands upon the aggregate levels analyses (explained in Vol. I) by profiling key hazardous
waste generation and management data for all 50 States and 3 Territories. RCRA-regulated hazardous waste generators and
T5D facilities in all States, DC. Puerto Rico and Guam, completed and submitted data forms to State and EPA Regional
offices describing their 1985 waste manaenent practices.
17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors
b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
c. CGSATI Field/Group
13. Availability Statement
RELEASE UNLIMITED
19. Security Class (This Report!) 21. No. of Pages
UNCLASSIFIED
20. Security Class (This Page)
UNCLASSIFIED
Price
(See ANSI-Z39.18)
OPTtONAL FORM 272 (4-77*
(FormerIv NTIS-35)
------- |