ASPECTS OF STATE-WIDE EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PROGRAMS FOR MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES   PROGRAMS
       U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
       OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
            WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

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     ASPECTS OF STATE-WIDE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAMS
                             FOR
         MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
                           FOR THE
                MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS BRANCH
            OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAM OPERATIONS
           US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                    WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
                   CONTRACT NO. 68-01-0341
                        MARCH, 1974
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20403 - Price 11.26

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                   EPA Review Notice

This manual  is presented as helpful  guidance and  source
material only; it is not a regulatory document. Mention of
trade names or commercial products does not constitute EPA
endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                                     ABSTRACT

This document  provides  information  to assist  in the  development of State emergency
programs in responding to spills of raw or inadequately  treated municipal wastewater. This
manual emphasizes the legal aspects of spill reporting, the definition of a reportable spill,
and State-wide aspects of emergency response planning.

Preliminary steps in this work included a review of existing and proposed  Federal statutes
and current State water pollution control laws and regulations. Input from the National Oil
and  Hazardous  Substances  Pollution  Contingency Plan, the U.S. Office of Emergency
Preparedness, the American  Water Works Association's Emergency Planning Handbook, the
Office  of  Civil Defense's Publication, Civil Defense Aspects of Waterworks Operation, and
Virginia's  Natural  Disaster Assistance Plan has been incorporated in this manual. Over 55
State and  interstate agencies were asked to provide information on existing or future water
pollution  contingency plans, and over two hundred wastewater treatment facilities were
asked to provide information on emergency plans.

The guidelines presented are  not intended as rigid formats. Each State response plan must be
modified to the individual  situation.

This manual was  submitted  in  fulfillment  of  Contract  No.  68-01-0341, under  the
sponsorship of the Office  of Water Program Operations, Environmental Protection Agency.
                                          in

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                            TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION                                                              PAGE

   I   CONCLUSIONS                                                       1

  II   RECOMMENDATIONS                                                 3

 III   INTRODUCTION                                                      5
             Scope and Purpose	5
             Project Phases  	5
             Manual Format	6
             Section IV - General  	6
             Section V - Organization	6
             Section VI - Facilities   	7
             Section VII - Reporting System  	7
             Section VIII - Cost Recovery	7

 IV   GENERAL                                                            9
             Spill Definition	9
             Responsibility  	11
             Regions   	11
             Plant Inventory   	12
             Stream Modeling	12
             Local Emergency  Response Program	12
             Spill Classification	15

  V   ORGANIZATION                                                     17
             Strike Forces	17
             Stream Sampling Teams	18
             Evaluation Team	18
             Public Information Officer	19

 VI   FACILITIES                                                         21
             State Response Center	21
             Regional  Response Center	21

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
                             (Continued)

SECTION                                                       PAGE

 VII   REPORTING SYSTEMS                                         25
           Introduction	25
           Local Reporting 	25
           Regional Reporting  	25
           Reporting Format  	29

VIII   COST RECOVERY                                            31
           General	31
           System of Fines	34

 IX   REFERENCES                                                37

  X   APPENDICES                                                49
      A    PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES	51
      B    STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION	65
      C    SAMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PAMPHLET  	77
                                 VI

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                              LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE                                                                PAGE

  1    Sample Dye Study Flow Data Presentation   	13

  2    Sample Floor Plan
      State Emergency Response Center	22

  3    Sample State Map Showing Regional Breakdown
      for Spill Reporting	26

  4    Sample Spill Report Forms   	27

  5    Sample Telephone Call List   	28
                                      VII

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                                     SECTION I
                                   CONCLUSIONS

 1.      Very few States have written  into their State laws a requirement that municipal
        wastewater  treatment system owners report spills of raw or inadequately treated
        sewage.  However,  many  State Water  Pollution Control Agencies have  adopted
        regulations,  under authority of State law, that require such a spill be reported.

 2.      Because of  the  many conditions  that must  be evaluated when investigating a
        municipal wastewater spill  (waste  characteristics to include strength and volume,
        receiving stream assimilation capacity, and  downstream  water uses), the States do
        not  place the  burden of  estimating incident severity on the individual treatment
        system  owner.  The States require reporting of any discharge of inadequately treated
        wastewater,  and the State Water Pollution Control Agency collects the information
        necessary to determine the environmental impact of the spill.

 3.      Few  States  currently  have formal contingency plans  specifically  for  spills of
        municipal wastewater. However, several States have oil and hazardous materials spill
        plans, and  several  States  provide  stream  sampling  teams to  respond to water
        pollution  emergencies. General  information on the philosophy of  emergency
        response planning is available from the National and Regional Oil and Hazardous
        Substance Pollution Contingency Plans, the  U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness,
        the Department of Defense, Office of Civil  Defense, and State Civil Defense  Plans.

4.      With  little effort, the existing Water Pollution Control Agencies in most States could
        be organized to provide a more efficient response to municipal wastewater spills. All
        State Water  Pollution Control Agencies now respond to water pollution emergencies.
        In most cases, the agencies have sufficient personnel  and  communication capability
        to respond in an acceptable manner. A well  thought-out plan, similar to the Oil and
        Hazardous  Materials  Plans  now  existing  in several  States, would minimize the
        environmental,  public  health, and public welfare impact of municipal wastewater
        spills.

5.      Very  few municipal treatment systems  have formal emergency response plans. Most
       owners rely on adequate staffing and sufficient equipment to cope with emergencies.

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                                     SECTION II
                                RECOMMENDATIONS

All States should review their existing water pollution control laws and regulations and, if
necessary, provide a  requirement for  reporting spills of raw or  inadequately  treated
municipal wastewater.

All States should develop a plan for receiving spill reports on a  24-hour-a-day basis and set
up a mechanism  for  responding  in  a prompt and efficient  manner.  Coordination of
emergency plans between  adjacent  States  that  have a  common  river  basin  should be
encouraged.

All municipal wastewater treatment system owners should develop local emergency response
plans and provide training for local personnel involved in emergency planning.

Flow models should be developed of critical streams in each State. These models will help
provide a rapid severity estimate for a given spill.

State Water Pollution Control Agencies should develop a preliminary spill  classification
procedure. This procedure will enable a State representative to classify a given spill as Major
or Minor using preliminary spill report information.  This classification will ensure early and
appropriate responses to spill reports.

Municipal wastewater  treatment  system owners should  analyze the vulnerability of their
systems  and other pertinent  data  which  can aid  them  in developing  local emergency
programs.

All municipal wastewater treatment facilities should  develop a list of treatment capabilities
during periods  of equipment or treatment process failure. Such  a list will  aid  in estimating
the degree of treatment that the wastewater is receiving for any given failure condition.

Emergency equipment and personnel inventories should  be established by all municipal
wastewater treatment facilities.

Professional,  technical, and service organizations (Water  Pollution  Control  Federations,
American Society of  Civil Engineers, etc.) should provide opportunities for personnel
involved in emergency planning to receive up-to-date training in this area.

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All States, either through existing organizations (Council of State Governments, etc.) or new
groups, should exchange ideas, techniques, and  philosophy concerning emergency response
plans.

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                                     SECTION III
                                  INTRODUCTION

Scope and Purpose
The primary function of municipal wastewater treatment facilities  is to collect and treat
municipal wastewaters so as to attain an interim national "... goal of water quality which
provides for the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and provides for
recreation in and on the water." The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972 stipulate that this  is to  be  accomplished by publicly owned  treatment works in a
consistent and reliable manner; treatment works must meet effluent limitations based upon
secondary treatment, or any more stringent applicable  limitations,  by July 1, 1977, and
must employ the best practicable waste treatment technology by July 1, 1983. The specific
conditions and  limitations will  be identified  in a  permit issued  to  each point source
discharge under the "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" as established  by
the Act.

Since the discharge of pollutants in excess of the effluent limitations defined in the plant's
discharge permit is prohibited by the Act, it is essential that municipal wastewater plants,
from the day of initial operation,  effectively treat wastewater to be  in compliance with
those limitations. It is to  assist in the accomplishment of this objective that this manual has
been prepared.

Project Phases
The development  of  this manual  began  with  a thorough review of the National  Oil and
Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency  Plan. The literature survey was expanded to
include  Regional Oil  and Hazardous  Substances Pollution Contingency  Plans, Interstate
Water Pollution  Contingency Plans, various EPA publications dealing with control and spill
prevention techniques for hazardous  polluting substances, various State techniques  for
response to water pollution emergencies, civil defense planning, and the emergency planning
philosophy of various  organizations in water-related fields.

Federal  statutes, both existing and  proposed, related to water pollution were reviewed and a
tabulation of  pertinent features from applicable  statutes  was prepared. All  State Water
Pollution  Control Agencies were contacted and requests for  current water pollution control
laws and agency regulations were made.

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Surveys of organizations with  expertise in  emergency  planning and  conferences with
individuals working in this field were conducted. A request for information on existing or
proposed contingency  plans was made to  all  States and major interstate agencies. A
questionnaire was prepared, approved by the Office of Management and Budget, and mailed
to over 200 municipal treatment facilities across the country.

The results of the literature survey, the review of Federal  and State statutes, the field trips,
the  responses to the questionnaire, and input from Wiley & Wilson's sanitary engineering
conceptual design team are included in this manual.

Manual Format
Persons using this manual should be familiar with its organization and the general content of
its sections.

Detail discussions of the basic features of good emergency  planning and response to spills of
municipal wastewaters are covered in the following sections:

        Section IV  	General
        Section V	Organization
        Section VI  	Facilities
        Section VII	Reporting Systems
        Section VI11	Cost Recovery

The following is a synopsis of each of the five sections:

Section IV — General
This section discusses an appropriate definition for spill. Sample definitions are given from
various States. Other aspects of a good program are discussed, such as responsibility for the
program, dividing a State into regions, stream modeling, local emergency response programs,
and spill classification.

Section V — Organization
This section discusses the various groups of persons that should be organized to cope with
spills.
                                           6

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Section VI — Facilities
This section deals with a discussion of response centers on the State and regional levels.

Section VII — Reporting System
This section  deals with the proper method  of  reporting spills  from the local level to the
State.

Section VIII - Cost Recovery
This section  delineates the importance of reimbursable costs of spill damage and cleanup.
Also included is a system of fines with some examples from several States.

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                                         SECTION IV
                                          GENERAL

Spill Definition
Prior to initiating any State-wide program for responding to municipal wastewater sewerage
system emergencies regarding  spills,  the  criteria  for defining  a reportable  spill must be
selected.  This section contains  several reportable spill  definitions from existing State Water
Pollution Control Agency regulations and  a sample definition derived as a composite of the
above.

                                       FLORIDA
       In the event the permittee is temporarily  unable to comply with any of the conditions of
       the permit due to breakdown of equipment or destruction by hazard of fire, wind, or other
       cause, the permittee is to immediately notify this  Department.  Notification shall  include
       pertinent information as to  cause and what steps are being taken to correct the problem
       and prevent its recurrence  and  the  owner's intent toward  reconstruction of destroyed
       facilities  where applicable.  (Rules  of the  Department of  Pollution Control, Chapter
       17-4.13)

                                      GEORGIA
       Whenever, because  of an accident or otherwise, any  toxic or taste-and-color producing
       substance, or any other substance which would endanger downstream users of the waters
       of the State or would damage property, is  discharged into these waters, or is so placed that
       it might flow, be washed, or  fall into them, it shall be the duty of the person at the time in
       charge of such substance to forthwith notify the Division  for Georgia Water Quality
       Control in person or by telephone of the location and nature of the danger, and it shall be
       such  person's  further duty  to immediately take  all reasonable and necessary steps to
       prevent injury to property and downstream users  of said  waters. (Rules of State Water
       Quality Control Board, Chapter 730-5-.03)

                                       INDIANA
       Any  unusual change  in  volume  and characteristics of the  effluent, either planned  or
      accidential,  shall  be  reported  immediately to  the Office of the Technical  Secretary.
       (Stream  Pollution Control Board of the State of  Indiana, Regulation SPC 11, March 3,
       1971)

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                                 KENTUCKY
Whenever by reason of emergency, accident, or  otherwise excessive spills or discharges of
sewage,  industrial, or other wastes, shall have occurred from  impoundments, treatment
works,  disposal system or  outlet, storage  basins or otherwise,  the responsible person,
persons, corporation, or others shall immediately by phone or telegram notify the office of
the Water  Pollution Control Commission, giving all information  concerning the point of
discharge,  characteristics of the  effluent  being  discharged and whether  or  not such
discharge  is continuing  or  has been  stopped. (Water Pollution Control Commission
Regulation, WP-3, Paragraph 2)

                                  OREGON
Approval shall  be obtained from the State Sanitary Authority before bypassing any sewage
or industrial waste treatment plant or unit thereof except in case  of emergency.  If an
emergency occurs and bypassing for more than 24 hours is necessary, the Authority shall
be notified immediately. A record of the date  and  duration of all bypassing shall be
maintained. (Oregon Administrative Rules Chapter 340,42-020, April 15,1972)

                                 VIRGINIA
Every owner certified under the State  Water Control  Law  shall  immediately advise the
Board  by  telephone  or telegram,  to  be confirmed by  letter, giving all available details,
including known adverse effects on  aquatic life and the known number of fish  killed,
should any unusual or extraordinary discharge of wastes to State water occur.

Unusual  or extraordinary  discharges are defined  as any discharges  of waste resulting from:

       1.     Unusual spillage  of materials  resulting  directly  or  indirectly from the
              owner's processing operations.

       2.     Breakdown of processing or accessory equipment.

       3.     Failure of or taking out of  service sewage or industrial waste treatment
              plant or auxiliary facilities (such as sewer lines or sewage or industrial waste
              pump station).

       4.     Flooding or other acts of nature.

(Regulation No. 4, State Water Control Board)
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                                    OKLAHOMA

       When a lift station or the water pollution control plant, or any part of such facilities are
       bypassed, the operating reports shall include the  time such units were bypassed, the
       volume of waste bypassed, and the reason for such bypassing. (Sec. 3-D State Board of
       Health  Rules and  Regulations  Governing the Operation of  Water  Pollution  Control
       Facilities)

                                     KANSAS
       .. .emergency  or accidental discharge of sewage or other materials  detrimental to the
       quality  of waters of the State shall be immediately reported to the State Department of
       Health by the owner of the Treatment Plant or his representative...  (State Board of
       Health Regulation 28-16-27)

After a review of the preceding, the following definition was derived for use in this report:

       Wastewater discharged from a municipal sewerage system which may be raw
       or partially  treated, in such quantities as to pose a threat  to public health
       and welfare, and have  an  adverse effect on the environment, related to
       emergencies,  accidents,  breakdown of equipment  or bypassing  shall be
       defined as a reportable spill.

The existing State spill definitions and  the sample definition for a reportable spill have been
provided to assist in developing a new  definition, either to provide guidance in the revision
of an existing definition,  or to permit comparisons between existing  State definitions.

Responsibility
The prime responsibility for  a  State's emergency response program relative to wastewater
spills should be given to  a single agency. This does not eliminate other State agencies, such
as  the State  Game  and  Fish Commission,  State  Police, State  National  Guard,  from
participation  in the  program, but simply establishes a procedure to improve coordination
and avoid duplication of  effort.

Regions
The State should be divided  into  regions. The regions might be  defined by  river basins,
political jurisdictions, planning districts, or according to population density.  Each State can
best determine how the regions within its boundaries are defined. However, these regions
                                              11

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 should not be chosen arbitrarily  and,  once selected, a periodic review should be made to
 ensure that they remain consistent with overall emergency program objectives.

 Plant Inventory
 An inventory of all municipal wastewater treatment plants within the State should be made
 with the plants grouped according to the region  in which they are located. A map showing
 the  boundaries of the regions and the location of the municipal wastewater treatment
 facilities should be developed and kept up to date.

 Stream Modeling
 Critical receiving streams in the State  should be studied and modeled. These models will
 provide an initial  estimate  of the effect a  given spill will have for a specific stream flow
 condition.  The models should be updated  periodically to ensure  reliability  of their
 predictions. The type and location of downstream water users should also be determined of
 each municipal wastewater  treatment facility discharge. A priority list and a procedure for
 alerting these downstream water users should be established and updated continuously.

 Dye studies can  be used  to  estimate the travel  time for water-soluble  wastes being
 transported by a river. The  studies should be made during various flow conditions in order
 to minimize the errors resulting from extrapolating data from only one or two river flow
 conditions. All limitations  built into such a study should be clearly defined,  enabling the
 personnel preparing and using the data  to apply proper engineering judgment in their work.

 Figure No.  1 is a typical presentation of the data that can be obtained from a dye study. It
 can be used by the State Water Pollution Control Agency personnel and downstream water
 users to estimate when a spill at a known river mile/station will arrive at a given downstream
 location.

 Local Emergency Response Programs
 The State Regulatory Agency should ensure that  municipalities have acceptable emergency
 response plans to detect, respond to, and minimize the effects of spills.  Each municipal plan
should  have contingencies   for  spills  from  upstream  sources  and  should  provide  for
coordination or mutual assistance as required. The municipal emergency plan also should be
compatible  with the  State  plan. As a requirement to be met prior to issuing a discharge
permit, the State Regulatory Agency should obtain from each facility owner an acceptable
breakdown  of treatment  capabilities during periods of equipment or treatment process
failures. This description will aid  the State in estimating  the degree of treatment that  the
wastewater would receive for any given failure condition.
                                           12

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      Water Intake for Capital  City                	RH 30.5
in

fe
o
o
      (DOWNSTREAM WATER USER)                           (RIVER MILE/STATION)


      TABLE GIVES TIME IN HOURS FOR A SPILL TO ARRIVE AT

          RM 30.5	IN THE    Black Water River     FROM SPILLS
          (RIVER MILE/STATION)(RECEIVING STREAM)
     UPSTREAM.

I
          RECEIVING STREAM FLOW RATE* IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND (CFS)
MILE/STATION
RM 32.0
RM 33.0
RM 34.0
RM 35.0
RM 36.0
2000 CFS
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
3000 CFS
HR.
HR.
HR»
HR.
HR.
5000 CFS
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
8000 CFS
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
HR.
        * Note:  Give location  (River Mile/Station) where this flow was measured.
                                FIGURE NO. 1
                SAMPLE DYE STUDY FLOW DATA PRESENTATION
               (Similar to that used by Louisiana State Health Department)
                                            13

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The following list is provided to aid States in preparing emergency response programs:

        1.      Each plant's Operations and Maintenance  Manual should include a
               list of all parts, components, lubricants, tools, and chemicals to be
               kept on hand and in what quantities.

        2.      The plant owners should provide the State with a breakdown of their
               maintenance forces and their maintenance capabilities.

        3.      The  owners  should   maintain  a  complete  and  current  list of
               equipment manufacturers and their local representatives.

        4.      The State should obtain each plant's in-house laboratory capability
               and a list of private laboratories within the State.

        5.      The location  of emergency equipment such  as generators, radio
               communications equipment,  and  portable  sampling  equipment
               should be inventoried  by the owner.

        6.      Full use should be made of related manuals published  by EPA. In
               particular, reference is made to "Emergency Planning for Municipal
               Wastewater  Facilities,"  and  "Considerations  for  Preparation of
               Operation and Maintenance  Manuals." Both of these manuals should
               prove  useful  tools  in  the preparation  of  emergency  response
               programs.

After  the  State has developed  an  emergency response program, emergency response
exercises should be  conducted for  simulated  emergenices.  These exercises should  be
critiqued and improvements made  to the emergency  response plan. All  responses to actual
emergencies should also be critiqued.

Most State and local civil defense  organizations conduct  periodic drills  to test their
preparedness. These organizations can be a  valuable source of information on the methods
and techniques used for conducting emergency response drills.
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 Spill Classification
 Criteria  should be established for each treatment facility so that spills can be classified as
 Major or Minor using  preliminary spill report information. The spill classification may be
 changed after an on-scene inspection of the spill site. A preliminary classification will allow
 appropriate  response action to be  initiated, particularly  if the response requires providing
 physical assistance. For example, a bypass condition  where unchlorinated raw sewage is
 entering a receiving stream above a domestic water supply intake might require portable
 chlorination units to  be moved  to the spill  site and  river sampling  program initiated to
 monitor water quality.

 Five spill classification parameters which might be employed  in a preliminary classification
 procedure are:

        1.      Location of the municipal wastewater spill

        2.      Character of the waste

        3.      Quantity

       4.      Potential for ecological damage

       5.      Estimated response effort required

 The spill classification  procedure presented herein was developed to provide a consistent
 method  of rapidly classifying a reportable spill of municipal wastewater as Major or Minor.
 The preliminary classification will serve as an  alert mechanism for the emergency response
 plan. The method is not intended to provide the final spill classification since the severity of
 a given spill  is dependent upon many parameters, most of which  must be developed as the
 on-scene investigation progresses.  The spill classification is weighed to evaluate the response
 requirements in terms of  manpower and equipment  with  respect to  the spill  location,
 character of waste spilled, quantity of spill, and potential for ecological damage.

 To classify  a spill as Major or Minor,  select one  of the statements beneath each of the
 classification  parameters that  most clearly  describes the existing  spill situation.  The
 numerical values assigned to each statement chosen are then added together. If their total is
 less  than 75, the preliminary classification of the spill  would be Minor;  if their total  is
greater than 75, the preliminary spill classification would be Major. Reference is made to the
following:
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Parameter

Location
Character
Quantity
Ecological Damage
Response Effort
   Value

   (  5)        On land with potential for entering State waters
   (10)        Offshore ocean waters
   (20)        Streams, lakes and estuaries
   (50)        Endangers public health; into stream above and
               in  close proximity to  domestic water supply
               intakes, recreation areas, shellfish beds

   (  5)        Partially treated with chlorination
   (10)        Partially treated without chlorination
   (20)        Raw sewage with chlorination
   (50)        Raw sewage

   (  5)        Equal to or less than  1% of facility design flow
   (10)        Between 1% and 25% of facility design flow
   (20)        Between 25% and 50% of facility design flow
   (50)        100% of facility design             ,...

   (  5)        Minimum  potential; on  land, offshore, inland
               salt waters
   (10)        High potential; streams, lakes, estuaVies
   (50)        Critical  potential;  shellfish beds,  spawning
               grounds, game reserves, public water supply

   (  0)        Notification  received  and no State  assistance
               necessary
   (  5)        State-On-Scene Coordinator (SOSC)  only State
               representative at scene
   (10)        SOSC plus Stream Sampl ing Team
   (50)        SOSC,   Stream   Sampling  Team,  plus  mobile
               chlorinators and other emergency equipment
NOTE:   Refer to Section V for description of SOSC and Stream Sampling Team.
     PARAMETERS
     Location
     Character
     Quantity
     Ecological Damage
     Response Effort

     Total
SPILL CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES

  EXAMPLE NO. 1       EXAMPLE NO. 2

      Value              Value
         50
         50
         50
         50
         50

        250
 20
 50
 50
 10
  5

135
EXAMPLE NO. 3

   Value

      5
      5
      5
      5
      0

     20
              Example

              No. 1

              No. 2
              No. 3
       Description

      Maximum point value

      Spill to receiving
      stream, raw sewage,
      100% of design flow,
      high potential for
      ecological damage,
      SOSC only

      Minimum point value
      Classification

  75 or greater — Major

  75 or greater - Major
  Less than 75- Minor
                                        16

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                                     SECTION V
                                  ORGANIZATION

Strike Forces
The State emergency response plan should provide for immediate reaction to spill reports by
properly trained  and equipped  teams and/or  individuals.  These strike forces should be
capable of responding to specific emergency conditions.

As a minimum, the strike force should consist of a State-On-Scene Coordinator (SOSC). He
should  be charged with the responsibility and delegated the authority for directing the
overall  operations of all forces  engaged  in combating a municipal  spill. The  strike force
might be expanded;,to include a  team and/or sanitary  engineering consultants to conduct a
stream sampling program.

Equipment and personnel solicited by the State to assist a municipality  experiencing an
emergency should come under the control of the State-On-Scene Coordinator. It is possible
the State police or highway department would  be  requested to assist during an emergency.

A State may decide to maintain personnel and equipment  to respond to emergencies at
municipal  wastewater  treatment  facilities.  However,   it  is anticipated  that  most
municipalities  will be  able  to  provide  the  physical  necessities through their in-house
capability or through mutual aid agreements.

The strike forces (in  most cases, the State-On-Scene  Coordinator)  will be responsible for
making the severity analysis (Section IV). The severity analysis will determine the degree to
which the region and State will respond to the incident.

The State-On-Scene Coordinator should possess the following:

        1.      Working  knowledge of the characteristics of all municipal wastewater
              treatment facilities for which he is responsible.

       2.      Good working arrangement with  the key personnel at  each treatment
              facility.

       3.      Current flow charts complete with names, titles, telephone numbers,
              and alternates to assist in the reporting of an emergency.
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        4.      Mechanism to ensure that his report on the severity of the emergency
               is relayed promptly and accurately to the regional center.

The SOSC's and alternates should  be trained  in all  phases of emergency response to
wastewater spills. The SWPCA staff responsible for the SOSC training program  ensures all
new developments in spill response techniques are promptly incorporated in SOSC training
programs.

The SOSC  is kept  informed of the availability of resources  in his own region and in
adjoining regions. He is also familiar with the emergency equipment inventories maintained
by the State.

Stream Sampling Teams
For each municipal wastewater discharge and other potential spill location, such as a pump
station,  sampling  points should be selected along receiving  streams below these locations.
This will enable sampling to be done promptly and efficiently to determine the effects of a
spill from  a given source. The State should organize and provide personnel as  emergency
stream sampling teams. The teams should be tailored to handle expected duties at the site of
any  given spill and should be provided with adequate transportation. These teams are to be
used strictly for  initial  response action, and if prolonged sampling is  required, this work
should be turned  over to the State's regular stream sampling staff.

Evaluation Team
In the  judgment  of the State Water Pollution Control Agency, it may be advisable to
activate an evaluation team. The purpose of the team should be to:

        1.     Evaluate the  techniques, equipment, and materials used in response
              to the spill.

       2.     Assess damage to aquatic life and public health.

       3.     Assess damage to wildlife.

The evaluation team should consist of representatives from the following State agencies:

       1.     State Water Pollution Control Agency
                                          18

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        2.      State Health Department

        3.      State Department of Natural Resources

        4.      State Game and Fish Commission

Any State agency that has the necessary expertise, including the attorney general's office,
may be designated as a member of the evaluation team for a particular incident.

Public Information Officer
When  an emergency  response  action  is initiated,  the public should be promptly and
accurately informed about the nature of the emergency and about what actions are being
taken  to  minimize the environmental impact of the incident.  To accomplish this  goal, a
good working relationship must be established with the news media. Out of this relationship
should  come  a  mutual  understanding of  the problems involved  and agreements on
procedures to be followed during emergencies.

A public information officer should be appointed within the State Water Pollution Control
Agency to handle emergencies related to spills of raw or inadequately treated municipal
wastewater. This  individual  should  provide  support to the regional  public  information
officers  in  his State.  He also  will  serve as the  primary news media contact when an
emergency condition exists which directly involves two or more of the regions of his State.
The State public information officer should  assist the  regional officers in  preparing  a
State-wide list of the news media to be contacted during an emergency. This list should be
broken down by regions within the State.

The State public information officer should  ensure that news conferences  are  held  at
appropriate intervals and that at least two written status reports  are given to the news media
each day  until  the emergency  condition is over. Personal  or telephone requests from the
general public should be anticipated and provisions made to provide these requests with the
information contained  in the latest status report. When the emergency condition is  over, a
form letter should be drafted including all facts related to the incident. This form letter can
be sent in reply to mailed  inquiries about the incident.  Liaison  with adjacent States is also
an important function of the State public information officer.
                                    19

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                                     SECTION VI
                                     FACILITIES

 State Response Center
 The purpose  of  the State Response  Center is to provide facilities for coordination and
 control of response actions that involve a multiregion or interstate incident. The facilities
 should  include  necessary  office space,  adequate communications,  access to  a technical
 library, information on water quality and water uses of streams within the State, access to a
 computer capability  for stream modeling, and  maps showing all waste discharges, river
 intakes, and recreation areas along the streams of the State. Space should be available for
 use as a "Situation Room" where maps and  communications equipment can be installed to
 monitor and plot response actions. The facilities  and technical, administrative, and clerical
 staff of the State Response Center should be available  to support requests  for assistance
 from  any regional center within the State.  Figure No.  2  shows a sample floor plan for a
 State Emergency Response Center.

 The logical location for the State Response Center would be the headquarters offices of the
 State Water Pollution Control Agency. This agency generally possesses most of the desired
 capabilities  as part of their  normal operations.  In  most cases,  minor augmentation to
 existing facilities will be sufficient. The keys to an efficiently operated response center are
 adequate communications and staffing. Key personnel at the State Response Center should
 have alternates that have been preselected and trained. The State public information officer
 should operate from the Center during an emergency.

 Regional Response Center
 The Regional Response Centers should  be  selected by the  group developing the State
 emergency response plan. These Regional Centers will form the network that will determine
 whether or not the State plan will function properly.

 The basic needs of these centers will be adequate communications and up-to-date maps of
the streams within  their respective regions. These  Regional  Centers will  be  used to relay
situation reports and support requests from the  State-On-Scene Coordinator to the State
 Response Center. The critiques of actual emergency responses should tell whether or not the
 location and/or facilities of the Regional Centers are proper.

The State-On-Scene Coordinator should be in continuous contact with the Regional Center.
This will  ensure  prompt and efficient response actions.  The Regional Centers could be
                                           21

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   PUBLIC
 INFORMATION
   OFFICER
                   RADIO/TELEPHONE
                   COMMUNICATIONS
 REGIONAL
   MAP
 STATE
  MAP
          G
DIRECTOR
STATE WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCY
ON-DUTY
OFFICER
JPERATION/
1AINTENANCE
SPECIALISTS


SEVERITY
ANALYSIS
STREAM
POLLUTION
SPECIALISTS
                            CHALK
                            BOARD
                                           D
                      D
                           BULLETIN
                            BOARD
FACILITY FLOW
  DIAGRAM
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
  STATUS BOARD
                 J   L
RECEIVING STREAM
     MAP	
                J   L
                    FIGURE NO. 2
                SAMPLE FLOOR PLAN
        STATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE CENTER
             (Similar to floor plan in Virginia's
         "Natural Disaster Assistance Relief Plan")
                           22

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located at the State Water Pollution Control Agency's regional offices as these locations are
generally selected for communication capability and  proximity to areas of responsibility.
The Regional Centers could  be staffed  by the agency's personnel  in that region  or by
personnel from the State headquarters.
                                    23

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                                    SECTION VII
                               REPORTING SYSTEMS

Introduction
A legal  requirement for reporting spills of raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater
will  ensure that  spills are reported promptly. To aid the personnel  responsible for this
reporting,  the State's  emergency  response program  should be widely  publicized among
municipal employees.

Local Reporting
All municipal treatment facilities should be provided with the names and telephone numbers
of the State Water Pollution Control Agency regional  representatives and  a number that can
be called 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to report emergencies. The initial call for reporting a
spill  should be made to the State  Water Pollution  Control Agency regional representative.
Figure No. 3 is a sample State map  showing the regions within the State and listing the State
Water Pollution Control Agency representative for each region. If persons  reporting spills are
unable  to  contact  their  regional  representative,  the  24-hour  number at  the State
headquarters should be called. The operator who receives the call should  have a checklist to
use in obtaining the basic information required for follow-up by a qualified member of the
emergency response staff. Figure No. 4 shows samples of forms  used for receipt of spill
reports. Responsibilities and time lag for reporting spill conditions should  be clearly  defined.
Figure No. 5 shows a typical telephone call list.

Regional Reporting
The  regional response staff in the area where the emergency occurs should have a  working
knowledge of  the characteristics of all treatment systems for which it is responsible. This
staff should have a good working  arrangement with the key personnel from each  of these
systems.

Flow charts complete  with  names,  titles,  telephone numbers, and alternates  should  be
produced,  widely circulated  and  continually  updated  to assist  in the reporting of  an
emergency.

Any  regional staff member at a spill  site must ensure that his report on  the severity of the
emergency is relayed promptly and  accurately to the Regional Center.
                                          25

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               STATE  WATER  POLLUTION  CONTROL  AGENCY
            STATE MAP SHOWING REGIONAL BREAKDOWN  FOR SPILL REPORTING

                        REGIONAL BOUNDARY-N               x-COUNTY BOUNDARY

                !
    NAME
TYPICAL COUNTY
      RE6IOH ItO.

        1
        2
        3
        4
        5
        6
	
^-.~'





) \


• '

J 	 1
1





h"~~

:







1
1
"•*"' 1






^^


3




4



2








1
i






1
I
i
i
6
	


V;
5










— _

                                                                    rTATE
                                                                     BOUNDARY
       AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE
NAME                 ADDRESS
    PHONE
OFFICE   HOME
                                     FIGURE NO. 3
                                   SAMPLE STATE MAP
                        SHOWING REGIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR SPILL REPORTING
                                 (Similar to map used in Kansas)

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                        MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SPILL REPORT*
NAME Of FACILITY .
LOCATION  (CITY)
OWNER	
                            . (RIVER- BASIN)
                             TELEPHONE
                                                              (AREA tuDE)
PERSON REPORTING SPILL
DATE REPORTED 	
                 I OAT)
SPILL STARTED  (DATE) .
SPILL STOPPED  (DATE)
SPILL VOLUME  	
SPILL RATE'
                            (MONTHJ
                                         (YEAR?
(DAY)    (MONTH)   (TEAR)
(DAY)    (MONTH)   (YEAR)
 TIME REPORTED
. (TIME)	
. (TIME) 	
                            . GALLONS IF SPILL STOPPED
                             MfiO IF SPILL CONTINUING
IF SPILL CONTINUING, ESTIMATED DURATION
ESTIMATE TREATMENT AS PERCENT OF  NORMAL
IS CHLORINATION BEING PROVIDED 	
                                                   . HOURS
                                                     t
                                            YES
                                                                      NO
DESCRIBE CONDITIONS SURROUNDING SPILL  (POWER FAILURE,  EQUIPMENT BREAKDOWN, BROKEN  LINE.
ETC.) 	
ACTION TAKEN TO STOP SPILL AND PREVENT REOCCURENCE
ASSISTANCE  REQUIRED
OWNER'S PLAN FOR SAMPLING AT SPILL SITE
STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE TAKING REPORT .
                                   (SIGNATURE)
•SUMUr to  fora used In Welt VlrglnU
                                                                                                                                                         FILE REFERENCE:
                                                                         STATE HATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
                                                                          MUNICIPAL WASTEKATER SPILL REPORT*
                                                                                                      DATE:
MUNICIPALITY
COUNTY
SANITATION DISTRICT
TREATMENT FACILITY
REPORTED BY:
                                                                                                      NATURE OF PROBLEM:
                                                                                SPILL LOCATION:
                                                                                                      CORRECTIVE ACTION:
                                                                                                      TIME INITIATED:
                                                                                                      REMARKS: 	
                                                                                                      REPORT RECEIVED BY:
                                                                                                                                                       TIME:
                                                                                                                                                        .A.M.
                                                                                                                                                         P.M.
                                                                                                            COLLECTION SYSTEM
                                                                                                            PHONE  NO.
                                                                                                                                                  ESTIMATED COMPLETION:
                                                                                                      *S1m1ltr to form used 1n Colorado
                                                                                 FIGURE NO. 4
                                                                       SAMPLE SPILL REPORT FORMS

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
MUNICIPALITY


REGION I
COUNTY
NAME































1
REGION II
COUNTY
NAME





























REGION III
COUNTY
NAME









NAME
CITY
OFFICE
RESID.
              NOTIFY
NOTIFY
                                                                    NOTIFY
                              STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
                                         AGENCY

                              24 HR. NUMBER:
                              CITY:
KEY PERSONNEL
1.
2.
3.
RESIDENCE
                                     FIGURE NO. 5
                             SAMPLE TELEPHONE CALL LIST
                          (Format similar to that used by West Virginia)
                                              28

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Reporting Format
To avoid confusion, the emergency response plan should call for all reports from the spill
site to follow a specific format. The SITREP (Situation Report) format follows:

       1.      Situation — Should include location, what happened, strength and
              volume  of  wastewater spilled,  extent of emergency,  success  of
              emergency response actions.

       2.      Action — Summary of all actions taken by the  municipality, State, or
              by others.

       3.      Plans — All planned actions by municipality, State, or any others.

       4.      Recommendations —  Any  recommendations pertaining  to  the
              response that the State-On-Scene Coordinator has.

       5.      Status — Should indicate whether emergency condition has ended or,
              if continuing, should give details of conditions  existing.
                                          29

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                                       SECTION VI11
                                     COST RECOVERY

General
A revolving fund to reimburse the State for money expended in containing and removing
pollution from State waters has been established by several States. Portions of several States'
laws concerning these funds follow:

                                      INDIANA
        (Special Fund) All moneys  collected  pursuant to Section 1 of this chapter shall be
        remitted by the officials collecting the same to the Treasurer of the State of Indiana, and
        credited to a special account of the State to be established by the Auditor of State and to
        be known as the "Environmental Management Special Fund." It is hereby declared to be
        the policy of the State of Indiana that the  moneys on deposit in the Environmental
        Management Special Fund shall be used exclusively for the purposes of the Board and the
        Agencies. (Section  1,1C 1971, Title 13, Chapter 12, Section 2)

                                       OREGON
        449.167 Oil Spillage Control  Fund; sources; uses.

                1.      All penalties recovered  under  ORS 449.995 shall be paid into an Oil
                       Spillage Control Fund, which account is hereby established within the
                       General  Fund, to  be  administered by the department  for  the
                       advancement of costs incurred in carrying out cleanup activities as
                       outlined in  subsections (1),  (2) and  (3) of ORS 449.163 and for the
                       rehabilitation of affected fish and wildlife as provided  under  ORS
                       449.103.

                2.      With the approval of the Commission, the moneys in the Oil Spillage
                       Control Fund may be invested as provided by ORS 293.701 to 293.776
                       and earnings from such investment shall be credited to the fund.

                3.      The Oil Spillage Control Fund shall not be used for any purpose other
                       than  that for which the fund was created. (Oregon Statutes, Ch. 449,
                       1971 Replacement Part)
                                               31

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                              CONNECTICUT
 Any person, firm or  corporation  which  directly  or indirectly causes  pollution and
 contamination  of  any waters  of the State through  the  discharge,  spillage, seepage,
 filtration or otherwise  of  oil or any petroleum or chemical liquid or product shall be
 liable for  all  costs  and  expenses  incurred by  said (commission)  Commissioner  in
 containing  and  removing  such  pollution and  contamination.  Upon request :of the
 (chairman of the water resources commission) Commissioner, the attorney general shall
 bring a  civil action to recover all such costs and expenses. All  costs and expenses so
 recovered shall be applied

         1.       To reimburse the State for all sums of money advanced or expended by
                 it under  sections  25-54bb  to  25-54hh,  inclusive,  AS  HEREIN
                 AMENDED,  in containing and removing  any  such pollution  and
                 contamination.

         2.       For the general purposes of said sections without further appropriation.

 (H.B. No. 9254, Sec. 104)

                            MASSACHUSETTS
 It shall  be the duty and responsibility of the division to enhance the quality and value of
 water resources and to establish a program for the prevention, control and abatement of
 water pollution. Said division will:

         (10)     Undertake  immediately,  whenever there is spillage,  seepage or other
                 discharge of oil  into any  of the waters of the commonwealth or into
                 any  offshore waters which may result in damage to the waters, shores
                 or  natural  resources  utilized  or  enjoyed  by  citizens of  the
                 commonwealth   to  cause said  spillage, seepage or  discharge to  be
                 contained and removed by whatever method it considers best...

The  division shall determine the person responsible for causing  such spillage, seepage or
discharge and the names of all persons who owned or controlled the oil or who owned or
controlled or leased the vessel, tank, pipe,  hose or other container in which  the oil was
located when the spillage, seepage or discharge occurred. Said persons shall be jointly and
severally liable  to the commonwealth for  all damages done to natural and recreational
resources, including all costs of restoring damaged areas to their original condition, and to
any other person for any damages to his real and personal property ...
                                         32

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Upon request of  the director, the attorney  general shall bring an action to recover all
costs and expenses incurred for such investigation, containment, removal and restoration.

Such costs and expenses shall be recovered in an action of tort, and shall be credited to
the account-'from which  said sums of money had been advanced and may, subject to
appropriation; be expended  by the division  for the purposes set forth in this clause. In
any such action the commonwealth may also seek recovery for all loss and damage to the
natural and recreational resources of the commonwealth. {Ch. 21, Sec. 27, Clean Waters
Act as amended through the Acts of 1970)

                              CALIFORNIA
Article 3.  State Water Pollution Cleanup and  Abatement Account

        13440.  There is in the State Water Quality Control  Fund the  State Water
                Pollution  Cleanup and  Abatement  Account  (hereinafter called the
    i            "account"), to be administered by the State Board.

        13441.  There is to be paid  into the account all  moneys from the following
                sources:

         -v      (a)      All moneys appropriated by the legislature for the account.

                (b)      All moneys  contributed to the account by any person and
                        accepted by the  State Board.

                (c)      One-half of all moneys collected by  way of criminal  penalty
                        and all moneys collected civilly under any proceeding brought
     ,   ',                pursuant to any  provision of this division.

                (d)      All moneys collected by the State Board for the account under
                        Section 13304.

                All moneys paid into the account are available without regard to fiscal
                years, for  expenditure  by  the  State Board   in accordance with the
                provisions of this article.
                                         33

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                 13441.5 The State Treasurer, when requested by the State Board and approved
                        by  the Director of Finance, shall  transfer moneys in  the nature of a
                        loan from the State Water Quality Control Fund to the  account created
                        pursuant to Section  13440, which  shall be repayable from the account
                        to such fund; provided, that the moneys transferred from the fund to
                        the account shall  not exceed the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars
                        ($25,000) at any one time.

                 (Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 918)

                 13442.  Upon  application by a public agency with authority to clean up a waste
                        or abate  the effects thereof, the State Board may order moneys to be
                        paid from the account to the agency to assist it in  cleaning up the waste
                        or abating its  effects  on waters of the State. The agency shall not
                        become liable to the State Board for repayment  of such moneys, but
                        this shall not  be  any  defense to  an action  brought pursuant to
                        subdivision (b)  of Section  13304 for  the  recovery of moneys paid
                        hereunder.

                (Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act)


System of Fines
All States have a system of penalties and fines for violations of water pollution control laws
and regulations. These existing systems  can  be used to  help enforce  the requirements  for
reporting spills of raw or inadequately treated municipal  wastewater. Fines collected can be
placed  in  a revolving  fund for use  in  cleaning  up spills. Portions  of  several States'  laws
dealing with penalties and fines follow:


                                    CONNECTICUT
        Any person or municipality which knowingly  violates any provision of this charter shall
        forfeit to the State a  sum not to exceed one thousand dollars, to be  fixed by the court,
        for each offense. Each violation shall be a separate and distinct offense, and, in case of a
        continuing violation, each day's continuance thereof shall  be deemed to be a separate and
        distinct offense. (Public Act 872, House  Bill No. 9254, Sec. 93)
                                               34

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                                      FLORIDA
        Violation is punishable by a civil  penalty of not more than $5,000 for the first offense
        and of not more than $5,000 for each offense thereafter. Each day during any portion of
        which such violation occurs constitutes a separate offense. (Air and Water Pollution
        Control Act, Chapter 403.161)

                                      GEORGIA
        .. .Any  person violating any provision of  this Act or failing, neglecting, or refusing to
        comply with any final  order of the Board  issued as herein provided shall  be liable to a
        penalty not to exceed $1,000 for  said violation and an additional penalty  not to exceed
        $500 for each day during which such violation continues,  and, in addition thereto, such
        person may be enjoined  from  continuing  such violation as hereinbefore provided...
        (Georgia Water Quality Control Act, as amended through 1971, Section 22A)

                                      INDIANA
        Sect. 1 (Civil Penalties)  (a) Any person who violates any provision of this article, or any
        regulation or standard adopted pursuant to this article, or who violates any determination
        or order of the Board  or an agency made pursuant to this article, shall  be liable to a
        penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for the first day of any violation
        and an  additional  penalty not to exceed one thousand  dollars  ($1,000) for  each
        additional day of continuing violation ... (Section 1, 1C 1971, Title 13, Chapter 13)

The systems of fines and penalties  used by different States vary widely as illustrated by the
four States cited above. The concept of using each day of continued violation as a  separate
offense is used  by most States. Placing an upper limit on fines is a just method to enable an
owner to estimate his  maximum fine. The  minimum fine, if used, should be low enough to
achieve maximum flexibility in the  system.  The exact monetary values for the maximum
and minimum   fines  should   be  established  by  each  State  based on  their  individual
experiences with pollution incidents.

Revenues from direct  reimbursable costs and fines should be placed  in  a revolving fund to
provide  public  agencies with  money to  pay for cleanup activities.  Reimbursable  costs
include travel  expenses and the cost of supplies procured  specifically  for response to an
incident.  Funds should not be used for costs which would  have been incurred during normal
operations and functions performed in support of any enforcement actions.
                                              35

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                                  SECTION IX
                                 REFERENCES

 1.   Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, PL 91-224.

 2.   Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, 33 USC 1151.

 3.   Federal  Water  Pollution Control Act Amendments  of  1972,  Report of the
      Committee on Public Works of the House  of Representatives, HR 11896 (Report
      92-911).

 4.   Senate Bill to Amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, S. 2770 (Report No.
      92-414).

 5.   Refuse Act of 1899 (33 USC 407 et seq.).

 6.   Oil Pollution and Hazardous Substances Control Act of 1968.

 7.   EPA, National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, August,
      1971.

 8.   EPA Region III Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan for Inland
      Navigable Waters, Philadelphia, October, 1971.

 9.   Ohio Basin  Region Multiagency Oil  and Hazardous  Materials  Contingency Plan,
      Preliminary (May, 1970).

10.   Oil  and  Hazardous Materials Contingency  Plan for Prevention, Containment and
      Cleanup for the State of Maine (January, 1970).

11.   Port of  Los  Angeles  Oil Spill Contingency Plan,  City  of  Los Angeles, California
      (1970).

12.   Lazarchik, D. A., "Pennsylvania's Pollution Incident Prevention Program," Paper
      presented at the 25th annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference,  May 5-7,1970.

13.   Preventing Stream Pollution  from Oil Pipeline Breaks, Ohio River Valley  Water
      Sanitation Commission, Cincinnati, Ohio (September, 1950).
                                       37

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 14.   Program for  Reporting  Accidental Spills in the Potomac River Basin  (January,
       1972).

 15.   U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division, Guideline for
       Regional Plans.

 16.   U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Assistance Division, Agenda for
       Disaster Planning Session.

 17.   U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, Disaster  Assistance Division, National
       Guidelines for Disaster Assistance Planning and Procedures.

 18.   U.S.  Office  of  Emergency Preparedness,  Disaster  Assistance  Division,  Local
       Government Disaster Assistance Checklists.

 19.   Pollutional Effects of Stormwater and Overflows from Combined Sewer Systems,
       PHS Publication No.  1246, November,  1964.

 20.   D. Shull and E. F. Gloyna, "Transport of Dissolved Wastes in  Rivers," J. San. Eng.
      Div, Proc. ASCE95, SA6, 995 (1969).

 21.    R. L. Michel,  A.  L  Pelmoter, and R.  C. Palange, "Operation and Maintenance of
      Municipal  Waste Treatment  Plants," Journal WPCF, 41, 3, Part 1, 335-54 (March,
       1969).

 22.   Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 3, 1, 15 (January, 1969).

 23.   Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 4, 1,10 (January, 1970).

24.   Anon., Environmental Science and Technology 4, 9, 716  (September, 1970).

25.   R.  B.  Robie,   "Water Pollution:  An Affirmative  Response  by  the California
      Legislature," Published in Environmental Law Review, 1970, H.  F. Sherrod, Jr.,
      (Ed.), Sage  Hill Publishers, Inc., Albany, New York.

26.   Emergency  Plan,  Department of  Transportation AC No.:  150/5200-17; Date:  5
      February, 1972.
                                        38

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27.   Dawson, G. W., et ai, "Control of Spillage of Hazardous Polluting Substances,"
      FWQA, U.S. Department of the Interior, 15090 FOZ 10/70 (1970).

28.   Nedved, T.  K.,   Fochtman,  E.  G.,   Langdon, W.  M.,  and  Suiiivan,  F.  0.,
      "Instrumentation for  Measurement of Wastewater Flow.'.' Journal WPCF, Vol. 44,
      820(1972).                                               -          •

29.   King, P. V-, Betz, J. M., "Earthquake Damage to a Sewer System/' Journal WPCF',-
      Vol.44, 820(1972).

30.   "West Virginia Industrial Spills and Hazard Alerts Plan" (1972).         ...

31.   Proceedings of the 1972 National Conference on  Control of Hazardous Materials
    •  Spills, -i.'   •-  .' •.'-..•            :.      ,          -:•.••_

32.   "National Water Emergency Plan," Journal AWWA, p. 132, February, 1965.

33.   "Spill Prevention  Techniques for  Hazardous Polluting Substances," EPA, Water
      Quality Office, Division of Oil and Hazardous Materials, February, 1971.
   ., '   - * ^ \,                  •                              '   '  '  •    .  i
34.   Klein, W.  L, Dunsmore, P.  A., and  Horton,  R. K.,  "An integrated Monitoring
      System for Water Quality Management  in the Ohio Valley," Environmental Science
  •  '& Technology, Vol. 2, pp. 764-771, October, 1968.                 •      n    '•'

35.   "Rules for the Operation of HATS,"  Memorandum, December 23, 1971, Virginia
      State Water Control Board.

36.   Civil  Defense Aspects  of  Waterworks Operations,  Office  of  Civil  Defense,
      Department of Defense, FG-F 3.6, June, 1966.

37,   Lacy, W.- J./ "Civil Defense  Planning," Journal AWWA, Vol. 55, No.  10, October,
      1963.

38.   Commonwealth of Virginia, Emergency Management of Water Resources.  .•;

39.   Commonwealth of Virginia, Stage I! Test Emergency Resource Management Plan.
                                        39

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40.   "Emergency 'Planning :fof Water :Utility iVJanagement Handbook;" Journal 'AWWA, •'''     -;
      January, 1972.                                        '   •          .:;,|S(,: :-,.;!-.'::

41 .   WedemahY!J'?t);', "Establishing Emergency Operating Procedures ; for Water •Systems/' i;<'   •' -
      Journal AWWA, Vol. 46, 6, 514'(1954K  "  ;'  '    • '  '     '     -:   '  '•*''•>'•' .'-•;-"-'-!

42.   Wade;li{ Alt Jri',' '*0r'g¥riizktioh  of a ^Master' Disaster Plan," Journal AWWA'fyol/bi'; ':''"    ":
      No, 2, 163 (1959).                         ^ ''•' "   ;  * '     •'• '  v- '•-!•••/< J;c--^.- *><

43.   Fisri'er/L-l'M/et'a'l, '''Meeting 'lVfajdr;ErnergeWcies \n\NaWrSupp\y," Journal AWWA; ' '
44.   "Sub-State  District  Systems,"  Report  of the  National  Governor's Conference
      Committee' on  Executive''Wlahagemeht and 'Financial Affairs Advisory Task;"Fb!rce,' '
      Council of State Governments, RM-468, September, 1971.                    &r:;': "

45.   HaskelT,i'>E.;-Hi"et:ai",';"lv1ahagiHg'the^E^^^^           Nine States  Look  for  New1 !
      Answers,"  Woodrow Wilson  International  Center' for1 Scholars,  SmitKsbHlari' ;
      Institute, April, 1971.
46.   Wright, James F., Executive Director, Delaware River Basin Commission,-
      Communication  (1,972).
         .;:• ;>-u,o «."'•  . •, •. --.-'>\.  T,  "•.  .?•.; i  .-     , .(  -;, - , '-   ...    -   ,.-': ,<•.  n £•.,••
47.   Moore,''Glenn3 Ei, 'Assistant  Director, Technical  Services  Division, VirginiavState '
      Water Control Board, Personal Communication (1972).

48.   Campbell, Richard D., Chief  of Operations,  Water and Wastewater Distribution and
      Coliectlo'n, Charlotte; North Caro'lin'a, Personal Communication'(1972).   "   A'i;'   ":

49.   Lohmeyer,  George,  Utilities  Director,   Fort  Lauderdale,  Florida,  Personal
      ComrfiunicafionTT972)-;  "          '         ••:.>...•-.,     ;   .  .:  ,-;<  yv,,;.o

50.   "California Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan" (Draft - 1972).

51.   Colorado  Department of Health, Water Pollution  ControI'Division, Report of Waste
      Discharge Form  and Spill Report Form.
                                                 40

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52.   "Procedure and Directory  for  Reporting Spills of Oil  and Hazardous Materials,"
      Colorado Department of Health.

53.   Vasuki, N.  C., Manager,  Water  Resources Section,  Division  of  Environmental
      Control, State of Delaware,  Personal Communication (1972).

54.   Soneda, Shinji,  Chief, Environmental  Health Division, Department of Health, State
      of Hawaii, Personal Communication (1972).

55.   Stokes, L W., Ph.D.,  Chief,  Water Pollution  Control Section,  Environmental
      Protection Division, Department of Health, State of Idaho, Personal Communication
      (1972).

56.   "Contingency  Plan  for  the Control of  Oil and  Hazardous Materials," State of
      Indiana.

57.   Hert, 0.  H., Director, Division  of Water Pollution Control, State Board of  Health,
      State of Indiana, Personal Communication (1972).

58.   Burris, N. J., Chief, Water Quality  Control, Kansas State Department of  Health,
      Personal Communication (1972).

59.   Regan, H. D.,  Jr.,  Chief Sanitary Engineer, Division of Water  Pollution Control,
      Kentucky Water Pollution Control Commission, Personal Communication (1972).

60.   "Waterworks Warning Network Plan,  Lower Mississippi River," January,  1972.

61.   Gormley,  G.  C.,  Chief,   Bureau  of  Water  Pollution  Control,  Environmental
      Improvement Commission, State of Maine, Personal Communication (1972).

62.   Bingley, W. M., P.E., Chief, Division of Water and  Sewerage, Environmental Health
      Administration, State of Maryland, Personal Communication (1972).

63.   State of  Maryland,  Department of  Water Resources, "Procedures for Complaint
      Investigation," June 29,1972.

64.   Cuffe,  D.  G., Assistant Sanitary Engineer, Water  Quality Surveillance, Mew York
      State Department of Environmental Conservation, Personal Communication (1972).
                                        41

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 65.   Coburn, D. L, Chief, Water Quality Division, Department of Natural and Economic
       Resources, State of North Carolina, Personal Communication (1972).

 66.   "Pollution Control Contingency Plan for Oil and Hazardous Materials," January  1,
       1971, State Department of Health, North Dakota.

 67.   "Preliminary  Plan  for the Control of Accidental  Spills and Hazardous  Material
       Release into Waters of the State," State of Ohio Department of Health.

 68.   Shea, W. J.,  Assistant Director,  Department of Health, State  of Rhode Island,
       Personal Communication (1972).

 69.   Tinsley,  R.  K., Chief,  Water Pollution Control Division, South Carolina Pollution
       Control Authority, Personal Communication (1972).

 70.   Barker,   B.  B.,  Chief,  Water  Pollution  Control Section, South Dakota State
       Department of Health, Personal Communication (1972).

 71.   Martin,  W.  H.,  Assistant  Director, Division of Water  Quality Control,  State of
       Tennessee Department of Public Health, Personal Communication (1972).

 72.    Fleming, R. G., P.E.,  Director, Central  Operations,  Texas Water Quality Board,
       Personal Communication (1972).

 73.   "Contingency  Plan for Spills of Oil and  Other Hazardous  Substances," Wisconsin
       Department of Natural  Resources.

 74.   "Oil Spill  Action Plan,"   January,  1972,  State  of Washington,  Department  of
       Ecology.

 75.   "Laws and Oil Spill  Emergency Procedures," January, 1972,  State of Washington,
      Department of Ecology.

 76.   Wagner, J.  F., M.S.,  Water Biologist, Sanitary Engineering Services, Department of
      Health and Social Services, State of Wyoming, Personal  Communication (1972).

77.   "Hurricane Information," Utilities Department, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
                                         42

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78.   Adams, W.  W., Chairman,  California  Water Resources Control Board, Personal
      Communcation (1972).

79.   "Natural Disaster Assistance Relief Plan," March, 1972,  Virginia Office of Civil
      Defense.

80.   "(Prototype) — Local Emergency Operations Plan," May,  1972, Planning Section,
      Virginia Office of Civil Defense.

81.   "Manual for  Applications,"  February, 1971, Federal  Disaster Assistance Program,
      Office of Emergency Preparedness.

82.   Shell, J. R., Assistant Chief, Water  Division Department of Pollution Control and
      Ecology, State of Arkansas, Personal  Communication (1972).

83.   Giovannitti,  E. F., Acting  Chief,  Division  of  Industrial  Wastes, Department  of
      Environmental  Resources, State of Pennsylvania, Personal Communication (1972).

84.   Betz,  G. M., "Emergency Reporting  System Prints Out Trouble," Plant Engineering,
      October 14,  1971, p. 104.

85.   Orlando Utilities Commission, "Emergency Plan Manual," Orlando, Florida.

86.   Campbell, D. P., Public Education Officer, California State Water Resources Control
      Board, Personal Communication (1972).

87.   Warr,   J.  W.,  Acting  Chief Administrative Officer,  State  of  Alabama  Water
      Improvement Commission, Personal Communication (1972).

88.   State of Missouri, "Emergency Pollution Plan."

89.   McCurry, W. D., Assistant Chief, Bureau of Environmental Health, State of Nevada,
      Personal Communication (1972).

90.   Page,  G. L, P.E., Senior Sanitary Engineer, State of New Hampshire, Water Supply
      and Pollution Control Commission, Personal Communication (1972).
                                        43

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  91.   Herwig,  R.  A.,  P.E.,  Program  Manager,  Water  Quality  Surveys  Service,
        Environmental Protection Division, Georgia State Department of Natural Resources,
        Personal Communication (1972).

  92.   Williams,  W.  A.,  Sanitary  Engineer,  State  of  Connecticut  Department  of
        Environmental Protection, Personal Communication (1972).

  93.   Willems, D. G., P.E., Chief, Water Quality Bureau, Environmental Sciences Division,
        State of  Montana Department of Health and  Environmental  Sciences, Personal
        Communication (1972).

  94.   Vincent,  R.  L,  Chief,  Bureau of Water Pollution  Control, Division  of Water
        Resources, State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Personal
        Communication (1972).

  95.   Pierce, R. W., Chief, O & M,  Maryland Environmental Service, Annapolis, Maryland
        (1972).

  96.   Lewis, J.  L.,  Chief,  Disaster Assistance Division,  U.S.  Office  of Emergency
        Preparedness, Washington, D.C. (1972).

  97.    Swatta, F. A., Disaster Assistance Division, U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness,
       Washington, D.C. (1972).

  98.    Perry,  Robert, D.C. Water Pollution  Control  Division, Blue Plains Wastewater
       Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C.  (1972).

  99.   Atkins, R. B., Director, Office of Waste Management, Fairfax County Department of
       Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).

100.   Paull, J.   K., Plant Manager,  Lower  Potomac  Treatment  Plant,  Fairfax  County
       Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).

101.   Fry, Otto, AWT  Coordinator, Project Administration  Division,  Fairfax  County
       Department of Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).

102.   McMath,  R. P., Director, Line Matinenance Division, Fairfax County Department of
       Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).
                                          44

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 103.   Gozikowski,  R. J., Director, Wastewater Treatment, Fairfax County Department of
       Public Works, Fairfax, Virginia (1972).

 104.   Haney, C.  G.,  Superintendent,  Wastewater Treatment,  City of  Charlottesville,
       Charlottesville, Virginia (1972).

 105.   Zimmerman, H.  S.,  Superintendent,  Wastewater Treatment,  City of Roanoke,
       Roanoke, Virginia (1972).

 106.   Bain, J.  M.,  Civil Engineer,  Hampton  Roads Sanitary District, Norfolk,  Virginia
       (1972).

 107.   McMillan, William,  Assistant Superintendent of  Sewers,  City  of  Virginia Beach,
       Virginia Beach, Virginia (1972).

 108.   Musgrove,  T. T., Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment,  City   of  Petersburg,
       Petersburg, Virginia (1972).

 109.   Gregory, Ben E., Sr.,  Maintenance Supervisor,  Richmond Wastewater Treatment
       Plant,  City of Richmond Wastewater Treatment Plant,  Richmond, Virginia (1972).

 110.   Hardee, James  C.,  Planning  Officer, Virginia Office of Civil Defense, Richmond,
       Virginia (1972).

 111.   Novak, Dr.  John T., Department  of Civil  Engineers,  University  of  Missouri,
       Columbia, Missouri (1972).

 112.   Dunnslager, William A., Water Superintendent, City of Pensacola, Florida, Pensacola,
       Florida (1972).

113.   Pope, T. C., Manager, Water Operations,  Orlando,  Florida Utilities Commission,
       Orlando, Florida (1972).

114.   Grey, George, Chief Engineer, Allegheny County Sanitary Authority, Pittsburgh,
       Pennsylvania  (1972).

115.   Henry, Edgar, Chief, Division of Water  Resources, West Virginia Division of Water
       Resources, Charleston, West Virginia (1972).
                                          45

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 116.    Moore, G. E., Assistant Director, Technical  Services Division, Virginia State Water
        Control Board, Richmond, Virginia (1972).

 117.    Kizer,  Bob,  Oil &  Hazardous  Substances  Division,  EPA  Region  III  Office,
        Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1972).

 118.    Sutherland, J. R., Assistant Director, Sanitary Engineering Bureau, Virginia State
        Health Department,  Richmond, Virginia (1972).

 119.    Wiley,  Cloyd, Director,   Bureau  of  Shellfish  Sanitation, Virginia  State  Health
        Department, Richmond, Virginia (1972).

 120.    Paleski, Richard,  Assistant Director, Education, American Water Works Association,
        New York, New York (1972).

 121.    Headquarters  Staff,  Ohio  River Valley, Water Sanitation Commission, Cincinnati,
        Ohio (1972).

 122.    Headquarters  Staff, Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, Washington,
        D.C. (1972).

 123.    Ryan, James  E., Jr., Pollution  Control Engineer,  Enforcement  Division, Virginia
       State Water Control Board, Richmond, Virginia (1972).

 124.    Barganz,  Ron, Environmental Protection Engineer, Surveillance  Section,  Water
       Pollution  Control, State of Illinois, Environmental  Protection Agency, Springfield,
        Illinois (1972).

125.   Fleming, Robert G.,  P.E., Director, Central Operations, Texas Water Quality Board,
       Austin, Texas  (1972).

126.   Winters, John, Stream Biologist, Surveys Section, State Board of Health, Division of
       Water Pollution Control, Indianapolis, Indiana (1972).

127.   Tinsley, R.  Kenneth, Chief, Water Pollution Control Division, Pollution Control
       Authority, Columbia, South Carolina (1972).
                                           46

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128.   Neal, Ernest C., Public Health Scientist, Sewage & Industrial Waste Unit, Division of
       Engineering, Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio (1972).

129.   Jones, George L, Assistant Coordinator for Administration, Office of Civil Defense,
       Virginia Office of Civil Defense, Richmond, Virginia (1972).

130.   Duckhardt,  Jim,  Executive Secretary,  Virginia Branch, Association of General
       Contractors, Richmond, Virginia (1972).

131.   Agan, James, Water Supply & Pollution Control, State of Vermont, Department of
       Water Resources, Montpelier, Vermont (1972).
                                          47

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                           SECTION X
                          APPENDICES

A    PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES

B    STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION

C    SAMPLE WASTEWATER  TREATMENT  SYSTEM  EMERGENCY  RESPONSE
     PAMPHLET
                               49

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                                   APPENDIX A
                         PERTINENT FEDERAL STATUTES

INTRODUCTION
This Appendix contains excerpts from several Federal statutes related to water pollution
control. These excerpts  provide background information on the  Federal Government's
attempt to minimize the environmental, public health, and public welfare impact of spills in
the nation's waters. The excerpts in this section are from the following statutes:

       Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972:
       Pertinent features  cited under Section 311, Oil  and  Hazardous Substance
       Liability, primarily deal with granting the President the authority to prepare
       and publish  a National Contingency Plan for removal of oil discharges and
       hazardous substances from  waters of the  United States.  Other  features
       tabulated include:   requirement  to notify appropriate U.S. agency in the
       event  of  a discharge, definition of "owner  or operator" and "offshore or
       onshore facility," and granting of authority to the President to designate
       hazardous materials.

       Section 301,  Effluent  Limitations,  establishes  the  concept of  effluent
       standards  for municipal  wastewater  treatment facilities.  Section  402,
       National  Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination System, outlines the National
       Discharge  Permit  concept.  Section  304  (h)   gives  the  Environmental
       Protection Agency the responsibility  for  establishing guidelines for owners
       applying for permits and for States setting up permit programs.

       Executive Order  11548:   This order  delegates  to the Secretary  of the
       Interior the responsibility and  authority to carry out provisions of various
       subsections of Section 311 of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
       of 1972 (formerly Sections 11 and 12 of original act).

       Reorganization   Plan  No.  3   of  1970:   This  plan  establishes  the
       Environmental Protection  Agency and  transfers  to  EPA  all  functions
       formerly administered by the Federal Water Quality Administration.

       Designation  of Hazardous  Substances   EPA  Notice of  Proposed  Rule
       Making:  The pertinent feature cited  from this  document  is the fact that
                                                               Appendix  A
                                         51                    Page 1  of 13

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       digested sewage sludge and raw undigested sewage sludge are designated as
       hazardous substances.

FEDERAL STATUTE TABULATION
The  following is  a tabulation of the excerpts from  Federal Statutes pertinent to the
emergency response planning aspects of water pollution control:
                                                                   Appendix  A
                                        52                         Page 2 of 13

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       STATUTE                                    AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution                                    TITLE III
Control Act Amendments                       STANDARDS AND ENFORCEMENT
of 1972.
                                               OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
                                                           LIABILITY

                                Sec. 311.
                                    (a)  For the purpose of this section, the term--

                                    (2) discharge includes, but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking,
                                pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping;

                                    (6) owner or operator meahs  (A) is  the  case of a  vessel, any
                                person owning, operating, or chartering by demise, such vessel, and (B)
                                in the case of an onshore facility, and an offshore facility, any person
                                owning or operating such onshore facility or offshore facility, and (C)
                                in the case of any abandoned offshore facility, the person who owned
                                or operated such facility immediately prior to such abandonment;
                                    (7) person includes an individual, firm, corporation, association
                                and a partnership;
                                    (8) remove or removal refers to removal of the oil or hazardous
                                substances from the  water  and shorelines or the taking of such other
                                actions as may be necessary to minimize or mitigate damage to the
                                public  health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish,
                                wildlife, and public and private property, shorelines, and beaches;

                                    (10) onshore  facility means any facility (including, but not limited
                                to, motor vehicles and rolling stock) of any kind located in, on, or
                                under, any land within the United States other than submerged land;
                                    (11) offshore facility means any facility of any kind located in, on,
                                or under, any of the navigable waters of the United States other than a
                                vessel or a public vessel;

                                    (14) hazardous substance means any substance designated pursuant
                                to subsection (b) (2) of this section.
                                    (b) (1) The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the
                                United States that there should be no discharges of oil or hazardous
                                substances  into or upon the  navigable waters  of  the United States,
                                adjoining shorelines, or into or upon the waters of the contiguous zone.
                                    (2) (A) The Administrator shall develop, promulgate, and revise
                                as may be appropriate, regulations designating as hazardous substances,
                                other than oil as defined in this section, such elements and compounds
                                which, when discharged in any quantity into or upon  the navigable
                                waters  of the United States or adjoining shorelines or the waters of the
                                contiguous zone,  present an imminent and substantial danger to the
                                public  health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish,
                                wildlife, shorelines, and beaches.

                                                                          Appendix A
                                                 53                      Page 3 of  13

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     STATUTE
                      AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
     (5)  Any person in charge of a vessel or of an onshore facility or an
 offshore facility shall, as soon as he has knowledge of any discharge of
 oil or a hazardous substance from such vessel or facility in violation of
 paragraph (3)  of this subsection, immediately notify the appropriate
 agency of the United States Government of such discharge. Any such
 person who  fails to notify immediately such agency  of such discharge
 shall,  upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned
 for not more than one year, or  both. Notification received pursuant to
 this paragraph  or information  obtained  by the exploitation of such
 notification  shall not be used against any such person in any criminal
 case, except  a prosecution for perjury or for giving a false statement.

     (c)  (1)  Whenever any oil or a hazardous substance is discharged,
 into  or  upon  the navigable waters of the United  States, adjoining
 shorelines, or  into or  upon  the  waters of the contiguous  zone, the
 President is authorized to act to remove or arrange for the removal of
 such  oil  or substance at any time, unless he determines such removal
 will be done properly by the owner or  operator of the vessel, onshore
 facility, or offshore facility from which the discharge occurs.
     (2)  Within  sixty days after the effective date of this section, the
 President shall  prepare  and publish a  National Contingency Plan for
 removal of oil and hazardous substances, pursuant to this subsection.
 Such   National Contingency  Plan  shall  provide  for  efficient,
 coordinated,  and effective action  to minimize damage from oil  and
 hazardous substance  discharges  including containment,  dispersal, and
 removal of oil and hazardous substances, and shall include, but not be
 limited to-
    (A) assignment   of  duties  and responsibilities  among Federal
 departments  and agencies in coordination with State and local agencies,
 including, but not limited to, water pollution control, conservation, and
 port authorities;
    (B) identification,  procurement,   maintenance,  and  storage  of
 equipment and supplies;
    (C) establishment  or designation  of a strike force consisting of
 personnel who  shall  be  trained,  prepared, and  available to provide
 necessary services to carry out the Plan, including the establishment at
 major  ports,  to  be determined  by the President, of emergency task
 forces  of trained personnel,  adequate oil  and hazardous substance
 pollution  control equipment  and  material, and  a  detailed  oil and
 hazardous substance pollution prevention and removal  plan;
    (E)  establishment of a national center to provide coordination and
direction for  operations in carrying out the Plan;
    (F)  procedures  and  techniques to be employed in identifying,
containing, dispersing, and removing oil and hazardous substances.
    (G) a schedule,  prepared  in  cooperation  with  the States,
identifying (i) dispersants and other chemicals, if any, that may be used
in carrying out the Plan,  (ii) the waters in which such dispersants and
chemicals may  be used, and (Hi) the quantities of such dispersant or
                                                 54
                                                  Appendix  A
                                                  Page 4 of  13

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       STATUTE                                     AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution        chemical which can be used safely in such waters, which schedule shall
Control Act Amendments        provide  in the  case  of any dispersant, chemical, or  waters not
of 1972 (Continued)             specifically identified  in such  schedule that the President,  or  his
                                delegate,  may, on a case-by-case  basis,  identify the dispersants and
                                other chemicals which may  be used, the  waters in which they may be
                                used, and the quantities which can be used safely in such waters; and
                                     (H) a system whereby the State or States affected by a discharge
                                of oil or hazardous substance may act where  necessary to remove such
                                discharge and such State or States may  be reimbursed from  the fund
                                established under subsection (k) of this section for the reasonable costs
                                incurred in such removal.

                                     (2)  Any owner or operator of a vessel or an onshore facility or an
                                offshore facility and any other person subject to any regulation issued
                                under paragraph  (1)  of this subsection who fails or refuses to comply
                                with the  provisions  of any  such regulation,  shall be liable to a civil
                                penalty of not more than $5,000 for each such violation.  Each  violation
                                shall be a separate offense.  The President may assess and compromise
                                such penalty.  No penalty shall be assessed until the owner, operator or
                                other person charged shall have been given notice and an opportunity
                                for a hearing on such charge. In determining the amount of the penalty,
                                or the amount agreed upon in compromise, the gravity of the violation,
                                and  the demonstrated good faith of the owner, operator,  or  other
                                person  charged  in  attempting  to  achieve  rapid compliance, after
                                notification of a violation, shall be considered  by the President.

                                     (k)  There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to a  revolving
                                fund to be established in the Treasury not to exceed $35,000,000 to
                                carry out  the provisions of subsections (c), (d), (i), and  (1) of this
                                section.  Any  other funds received by the  United States  under this
                                section  shall also be deposited in said fund for such purposes. All sums
                                appropriated to, or deposited in, said fund shall  remain  available until
                                expended.
                                                    EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

                                Sec. 301.
                                     (a)  Except as in compliance with this section and sections 302,
                                306, 307, 318, 402, and 404 of this Act, the discharge of any pollutant
                                by any person shall be unlawful.
                                     (b)  In order  to  carry out the objective of this Act there shall be
                                achieved-

                                     (1)  (B) for publicly owned treatment works in existence on July
                                1, 1977, or approved  pursuant to section 203 of this Act prior to June
                                30,  1974 (for which construction must be completed within four years
                                of approval), effluent limitations based upon secondary treatment as
                                                                          Appendix  A
                                                  55                      Page  5 of  13

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        STATUTE
                     AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
defined by the Administrator pursuant to section  304(d)  (1) of this
Act; or,

     (2)  (B)  not later than July  1, 1983, compliance by all publicly
owned treatment works with the requirements set forth in section 201
(g) (2) (A) of this Act.

     (d)  Any  effluent  limitation required by  paragraph  (2)  of
subsection (b) of this section shall  be reviewed at least every five years
and if appropriate, revised pursuant to the procedure established under
such paragraph.
     (e)  Effluent limitations established pursuant  to this section or
section 302 of this Act shall be applied to all point sources of discharge
of pollutants in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
                                               INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES

                                Sec. 304.
                                    (h)  The Administrator shall  (1)  within sixty days  after the
                                enactment  of  this  title  promulgate guidelines for the  purpose of
                                establishing  uniform  application  forms  and  other  minimum
                                requirements for  the acquisition of information from owners  and
                                operators of point sources of discharge subject to any State program
                                under section 402 of this Act, and (2) within sixty days from the date
                                of  enactment  of this title promulgate  guidelines establishing the
                                minimum procedural and other elements of any State program under
                                section 402 of this Act which shall include:
                                    (A)  monitoring requirements;
                                    (B)  reporting  requirements  (including  procedures  to  make
                                        information available to the Public;
                                    (C)  enforcement provisions; and
                                    (D)  funding, personnel qualifications, and manpower requirements
                                    (including  a  requirement that no board or body which approves
                                    permit  applications or portions thereof shall include, as a member,
                                    any  person who receives,  or has during the previous two years
                                    received, a significant portion of his income directly or indirectly
                                    from permit holders or applicants for a permit.
                                           INSPECTIONS, MONITORING AND ENTRY

                               Sec. 308.
                                   (a) Whenever  required to carry out the objective of this  Act,
                               including,  but  not  limited  to  (1)  developing or  assisting  in  the
                               development  of   any  effluent  limitation,  or  other  limitation,
                               prohibition, or effluent standard, pretreatment standard, or standard of
                               performance under  this  Act; (2) determining whether any person  is in
                               violation  of any   such  effluent  limitation,  or  other  limitation,
                               prohibition or effluent standard, pretreatment standard, or standard of
                                                                                Appendix  A
                                                56                              Page 6  of  13

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       STATUTE
                     AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
performance; (3) any requirement established under this section; or (4)
carrying out sections 305, 311, 402, and 504 of this Act--
    (A) the Administrator shall require the owner or operator of any
point source to (i)  establish and maintain such records, (ii) make such
reports, (iii) install, use and maintain such monitoring equipment or
methods (including where appropriate, biological monitoring methods),
(iv) sample such effluents (in accordance with such  methods, at such
locations,  at such intervals, and in such  manner as the Administrator
shall prescribe, and  (v) provide such other information as he may
reasonably require; and
                                                   FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT

                                Sec. 309.
                                    (a)   (3)  Whenever on  the basis of any information available to
                                him the Administrator finds that any person is in violation of section
                                301, 302, 306, 307, or 308 of this Act, or is in violation of any permit
                                condition or  limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit
                                issued under section 402 of this Act by him or by a State, he shall issue
                                an  order  requiring such  person  to  comply with such section or
                                requirement,  or he  shall  bring  a  civil  action in  accordance with
                                subsection (b) of this section.
                                                           TITLE IV
                                                    PERMITS AND LICENSES

                                                        CERTIFICATION

                                Sec. 401.
                                    (a)   (1)  Any applicant for a Federal license or permit to conduct
                                any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation
                                of facilities,  which may result in any  discharge into the navigable
                                waters, shall provide the licensing or permitting agency a certification
                                from the State in which the discharge originates or will originate, or, if
                                appropriate, from the interstate water pollution control agency having
                                jurisdiction over  the navigable waters at the point where the discharge
                                originates or will originate, that any such discharge will comply with
                                the applicable provisions of sections 301, 302, 306, 307 of this Act.
                                                    NATIONAL POLLUTANT
                                              DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM

                                Sec. 402.
                                    (a)  (1)  Except as provided in sections 318 and 404 of this Act,
                                the Administrator may, after opportunity for public hearing, issue a
                                                 57
                                         Appendix  A
                                         Page 7  of  13

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       STATUTE
                     AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution
Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (Continued)
permit for the discharge of any pollutant, or combination of pollutants,
notwithstanding section 301  (a), upon condition that such discharge
will  meet either all applicable requirements under sections 301, 302,
306, 307, 308, and 403 of this Act, or prior to the taking of necessary
implementing actions  relating to all such requirements, such conditions
as the  Administrator determines are  necessary  to  carry  out  the
provisions of this Act.
     (2)  The Administrator shall prescribe conditions for such permits
to assure compliance with the  requirements of paragraph (1) of this
subsection,  including  conditions on data and information collection,
reporting, and such other requirements as he deems appropriate.
     (3)  The permit program of the Administrator under paragraph (1)
of this subsection, and permits issued thereunder, shall be subject to the
same  terms, conditions, and requirements as apply to a State permit
program  and permits issued  thereunder under subsection (b) of this
section	
                                    (b)  At any time after the promulgation of the guidelines required
                                by subsection (h)  (2) of section 304 of this Act, the Governor of each
                                State desiring to administer its own permit program for discharges into
                                navigable  waters  within  its  jurisdiction  may  submit to  the
                                Administrator  a   full  and  complete description  of  the  program  it
                                proposes to establish and  administer  under  State law or  under an
                                interstate compact.  In  addition, such  State shall submit a statement
                                from the attorney  general  (or the attorney for those State  water
                                pollution control  agencies which have independent legal counsel), or
                                from the chief legal  officer in the case of an interstate agency, that the
                                laws  of  such  State, or the  interstate  compact, as the case  may be,
                                provide adequate authority to carry out the described program.
                                                   PERMITS FOR DREDGED
                                                      OR FILL MATERIAL

                               Sec. 404.
                                    (a)  The  Secretary of  the  Army, acting  through the Chief of
                               Engineers, may issue permits, after notice and opportunity for public
                               hearings for the discharge  of dredged or fill material into the navigable
                               waters at specified disposal sites.
                                                DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE

                               Sec. 405.
                                   (b)  The  Administrator shall  issue  regulations governing  the
                               issuance  of  permits for the disposal of sewage sludge subject to this
                               section. Such regulations shall  require the application to such disposal
                               of each criterion, factor, procedure, and requirement applicable to a
                                                58
                                                Appendix  A
                                                Page 8 of  13

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       STATUTE                                    AUTHORIZED ACTION
Federal  Water  Pollution        permit issued  under  section 402 of this  title, as  the  Administrator
Control Act Amendments        determines necessary to carry out the objective of this Act.
of 1972 (Continued)                  (c)  Each State desiring to administer its own permit program for
                               disposal  of sewage sludge within its  jurisdiction may do so if upon
                               submission of  such   program the  Administrator  determines  such
                               program is adequate to carry out the objective of this Act.
                                                                       Appendix  A
                                                59                     Page 9  of  13

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        STATUTE
                      AUTHORIZED ACTION
Executive Order 11548 —
Delegating  functions  of
the  President  under  the
Federal  Water  Pollution
Control  Act, as amended
 Section 1.  Delegations to the  Secretary  of  the Interior.  There is
 hereby delegated to the Secretary of the Interior responsibility and
 authority

 (f)   to carry out the provisions of subsection (a) (1) of section 12, of
 the Act, relating to the designation of hazardous substances, other than
 oil, which when discharged  into or upon the  navigable waters of  the
 United States or adjoining shorelines of the contiguous zone, present an
 imminent and substantial danger to public health or welfare;

 (g)   in consultation  with the Secretary of Transportation, to carry out
 the provisions of subsection  (a) (2) of section 12 of the Act, relating to
 the  establishment of  recommended  methods  for  the  removal  of
 hazardous  substances within the  meaning  of  subsection (a)  (1) of
 section 12 of the Act.

 Section   2.   Delegations  to  the   Secretary  of Transportation
 responsibility and authority.

 (c)   to  administer the revolving fund  established   pursuant  to
 subsection (k) of section 11 of the Act;

 (e)   in consultation with the Secretary  of the Interior, to carry out the
 provisions  of subsection  (g) of section 12 of the Act,  including the
 preparation of a report for submission by the President to the Congress.

 Section  4.    Delegation  to  the   Council  on Environmental
 Quality.    (a)    There is  hereby delegated  to  the  Council  of
 Environmental Quality the responsibility and authority to carry out the
 provisions of subsection  (c)  (2) of section 11 of the Act, providing  for
 the  preparation, publication, revision  or amendment of a  National
 Contingency Plan  for the removal  of oil (hereinafter referred to as the
 National Contingency Plan).

 Section 5.   Other delegations,   (a)   There is hereby delegated to the
 Secretary of the  Interior and  to the  Secretary  of Transportation,
 respectively,  in and for the waters and areas assigned to each in section
 306.2 of the National Contingency Plan (35 F.R. 8511)  responsibility
 and authority.

 (5)   to carry out  the provisions of subsection (d) of section 12 of the
 Act, relating to the removal of discharged hazardous substances.

Section 6.   Agency  to  Receive  Notices  of  Discharges of  Oil  or
 Hazardous  Substances.  The  Coast  Guard  is hereby  designated  the
"appropriate agency" for the  purpose  of receiving the  notice  of
                                                 60
                                                  Appendix A
                                                  Page  10 of  13

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       STATUTE                                      AUTHORIZED ACTION
Executive Order 11548            discharge of oil required by subsection (b) (4) of section 11 of the Act
(Continued)                      and  for  the purpose of  receiving the notice of  discharge of  any
                                 hazardous substance required by subsection (c) of  section 12 of the
                                 Act.  The Commandant of  the  Coast Guard shall  issue  regulations
                                 implementing this designation.

                                 Section  9.   Reorganization  Plan  No. 3 of  1970.  Upon the taking
                                 effect of Reorganization Plan No. 3  of 1970, the  responsibility  and
                                 authority conferred  upon  the  Secretary  of Interior  by  this order,
                                 including the authority conferred by  reason of his  designation in the
                                 National  Contingency Plan, and including the responsibility to consult
                                 with  other  officers, shall  vest  in  the  Administrator of  the
                                 Envirionmental Protection Agency:  Provided, that  the Administrator
                                 shall  thereafter consult with  the Secretary of the Interior regarding the
                                 responsibility and authority delegated by section 1 (a) of this order and
                                 officers who by this order are required to consult with the Secretary of
                                 Interior  shall consult with the Administrator of the  Environmental
                                 Protection Agency.
                                                                          Appendix  A
                                                 61                       Page 11  of  13

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       STATUTE                                    AUTHORIZED ACTION
Reorganization Plan No. 3                  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
of 1970
                                Section 1.   Establishment of Agency, (a)   There is hereby established
                                the  Environmental  Protection Agency, hereinafter referred to as  the
                                "Agency."

                                Section 2.   Transfers to Environmental Protection Agency, (a)  There
                                are hereby transferred to the Administrator:

                                (1)  All functions vested  by law in the Secretary of the Interior and
                                Department of the Interior which are administered through the Federal
                                Water  Quality Administration, all functions which were transferred to
                                the Secretary of the Interior by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1966  (80
                                Stat. 1608), and all  functions vested in the Secretary of the Interior or
                                the Department of the  Interior by the Federal Water Pollution Control
                                Act or by provisions of law amendatory or supplementary thereof.
                                                                               Appendix  A
                                               62                             Page  12  of 13

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       STATUTE
                     AUTHORIZED ACTION
Environmental  Protection
Agency,  Designation  of
Hazardous  Substances
Notice of  Proposed Rule
Making (40 CFR Part 118)
Notice  is  hereby  given that  the  Administrator,  Environmental
Protection  Agency, pursuant  to  the  authority contained in section
12(a) (1) of  the  Federal  Water Pollution  Control  Act  [33  U.S.C.
1162(a) (1)] which was delegated to the Secretary of the Interior by
the President in Executive Order No. 11548 (Section 9) dated July 20,
1970 (35  F.R. 11677)   and  transferred to  the Administrator by
Reorganization Plan No.  3, 1970, proposes to adopt a new Part  118.
The term "discharge" is  defined by the statute as  including "any
spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring,  emitting, emptying or dumping."
While this  definition  covers  continuous as  well as  noncontinuous
spill-type  discharges,  this  proposed regulation  would  only require
notification  or noncontinuous spill-type discharges. Notification of the
discharge  of a designated hazardous polluting  substance  is required
regardless of the quantity discharged  or the expected harm.

Section 2 Definitions

(g)   "Mixture" means  mixtures of any kind or in  any form, including,
but not limited to, mixtures in containers and vessels and waste water
effluents.

Section 3 Designation of Hazardous Substances

(3)   ... Sludge,  Digested Sewage
    Sludge,  Raw, Undigested Sewage

For the purpose of section 12 (c) of the Federal Pollution Control Act,
all  of the elements, compounds  or their isomers,  ions  or  mixtures
included  within the  provisions  of section 3  above are hazardous
substances.
                                                 63
                                         Appendix A
                                         Page 13 of 13

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                                    APPENDIX B
                      STATE LAW/REGULATION TABULATION

 INTRODUCTION
 For each  State,  the  following  items  have been  tabulated:   Statutory  (State  law)
 requirement to report discharges of raw or partially treated  municipal wastewater; State
 Water  Pollution Control Agency regulation  requiring  reporting of municipal  wastewater
 spills; State certification/permit program for municipal discharges; and a system of penalties
 and/or fines for water pollution  incidents. A listing of State Water Pollution Control Laws
 used to develop these tables is included in this Appendix.

 PURPOSE
 The purpose of the State Law/Regulation tabulation is to illustrate a legal requirement for
 reporting a spill of  raw or inadequately treated municipal wastewater to an appropriate
 State Water Pollution Control Agency. Table 1 - State Law Tabulation shows majority of
 State Legislatures  have not deemed it necessary to include reporting requirements in their
 water pollution control law. However, most laws do give the State Water Pollution Control
 Agencies the power  to make such regulations as they  feel are necessary to maintain the
 water quality standards of the State. The table also shows that most State Water Pollution
 Control Agencies have adopted regulations that require spill reporting.

The permit systems  now employed by  many of the States and now required by EPA can
provide a valuable mechanism for helping to establish spill reporting criteria. The system can
also be used to ensure municipal wastewater treatment system owners develop acceptable
local emergency operating and response programs.

NOTE: All State Water Pollution Control Agencies were contacted and asked for copies of
       their current water pollution control laws and agency regulations. Water pollution
       control legislation is constantly  changing at both the State and Federal levels. The
       information  contained in this Appendix reflects each  State's status  at the time of
       this manual's development.
                                                               Appendix B
                                          65                   Page  1  of 9

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State

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
                              Statutory requirement
                              to report discharges
                              of raw or partially
                              treated municipal
                              wastewater
         TABLE 1

STATE LAW TABULATION

      Water Pollution
      Control Agency
      regulation requires
      reporting of municipal
      wastewater spills
                X
                X
                X
                X

                X
                X
                X
                X
                 X
                 X

                 X
                 X
                 X
State has a
certification/
permit system
for municipal
discharges

      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X

      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X

      X
      X

      X
      X
      X

      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
      X
System of fines
and/or penalties
for municipal
water pollution
incidents

       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X

       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X
       X

        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
        X
                                                                   67
                                             Appendix  B
                                             Page  2 of  9

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STATE

Alabama



Alaska




Arizona





Arkansas




California




Colorado




Connecticut





Delaware
District of
Columbia
Rorida
Georgia
LAW

Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Quality Control
Act
Water & Air Pollution
Control Act
Porter-Cologne Water
Quality Control Act
Water Pollution Control
Act
dean Water Act
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Water Pollution Control
Law
Air and Water Pollution
Control Act
Water Quality Control
Act
REFERENCE

Act No. 1260. S79, Laws of
1971 Regular Session, Sec.
4(h) and Sec. 4(0).

Senate Bill 75, Chapter 120,
Laws 1971 (Sec. 46.03.100 and
Sec. 46.03.760).
Revised Statutes Ch. 16,
Article 1. 36-1851 etseq.
(Amended Law 1971)
Act 472 of 1949 as amended
by Act 183 of 1965 (Section
82-901 et seq., Ark. Stats.)
Division 7, Ch. 4, Art. 4,
Sec. 13260 and Ch. 5, Art. 5,
Sec. 13350 (as amended
through 19711

Chapter 66 - Article 28 (1970
Amendment  - Senate Bills No. 35 and
and 45) (1971 Amendment - Senate
Bill No. 298)

Public Act 872. Laws 1971
H.B. 9254, Approved
June 25,1971
Chapter 403, Florida Statutes
1967 (as amended through 1971)
Act No. 870 (H.B. 730)
(as amended through 1971)
ADMINISTERING AGENCY

Water Improvement Commission
State Office Building
Montgomery, Alabama 36104

Department of Environmental
Conservation
Pouch 0
Juneau, Alaska 99801

Water Quality Control Council
State Board of Health
Environmental Health Services
1624 West Adams Street
Phoenix, Arizona 85007

Department of Pollution Control
& Ecology
1100 Harrington Avenue
Little Rock. Arkansas 72202

Water Resources Control Board
Room 1015 Resources Building
1416 Ninth Street
Sacramento, California 95814

Department of Health
Water Pollution Control Division
4210 East 11th Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80220

Department of Environmental
Protection
State Office Building
Room 539
Hartford, Connecticut 06115

Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Control
Water and Air Resources Comm.
P.O. Box 916
Dover, Delaware 19901

Department of Environmental Ser.
Environmental Health Adminis.
Water Resources Management Adm.
Presidential Building
415 12th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20004

Pollution Control Board
Department of Pollution Control
Tallahassee Bank Building
Suite 300
Tallahassee, Florida 32301

Water Quality Control Board
47 Trinity Avenue. S.W., Room 609
Atlanta, Georgia 30334
                                                              69
                                                                        Appendix  B
                                                                        Page  3 of  9

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 STATE

 Hawaii
 Idaho
 Indiana
 Iowa
 Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
  LAW

 Water Pollution Control
 Laws
                       Environmental Protection
                       and Health Act of 1972
                      Environmental Protection
                      Act
                      Stream Pollution Control
                      Law
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Law
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Law
Water Pollution Control
Law
                      Stream Control Commission
                      Acts
                     Water Pollution Control
                     Law
Water Pollution Control
Laws
 REFERENCE

 Hawaii, Revised Statutes as
 amended by Act 100, 1972
                                 House Bill No. 610, as
                                 amended in the Senate by
                                 State Affairs Committee
                                 Title 4, Section 12b; Title
                                 12. Section 42 las amended
                                 through 1971)
                                 Ch. 214, Acts of 1943, as
                                 amended by Ch. 132, Acts of
                                 1945, Ch. 64, Acts of 1957,
                                 as amended; Senate Enrolled Act
                                 No. 100, An Act to Amend 1C 1971.
                                 Title 13.
                                 K.S.A. 65-161 etseq. (1967)
Ch. 224 (KRS 224.010 to 224.130
and 224.990). 1950 as amended by
H.B. 370 (3/30/70)

Title 56. Ch. 3, Part 1,
Section  1431  etseq. (as
amended through 1971)
                                Title 38, Ch. 3, Revised Statutes
                                of 1964, as amended 1971
Article 43 (Sec. 387 to 427)
Annotated Code of Maryland as
amended by Laws  1970
 ADMINISTERING AGENCY

 Department of Health
 (Environmental Health Division)
 Board of Health
 P. O. Box 3378
 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801

 Board of Environmental
 Protection and Health
 State House
 Boise, Idaho 83707

 Environmental Protection Agency
 Pollution Control Board
 2200 Churchill Road
 Springfield, Illinois 62706

 Stream Pollution Control Board
 1330 West Michigan Street
 Indianapolis, Indiana 46206
Water Pollution Control Comm.
Department of Health
Lucas State Office Bldg.
Des Moines. Iowa 50319

Department of Health
Board of Health
Topeka, Kansas 66612

Water Pollution Control Comm.
275 East Main Street
Frankfort. Kentucky 40601

Stream Control Commission
Wildlife & Fisheries Comm.
Department of Health
P. O. Drawer FC
University Station
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

Environmental  Improvement Comm.
State House
Augusta, Maine 04330

'Department of Natural Resources
'Department of Water Resources
Department of  Health & Mental Hygiene
2305 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218
'State Office Building
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
                                                                 70
                                                                                      Appendix  B
                                                                                       Page  4  of  9

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STATE                LAW

Massachusetts          Clean Water Act
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Water Pollution Control
Law
                     Water Pollution Control
                     Laws
Water Pollution Control
Law
                      Clean Water Law
                     Water Pollution Control
                     Act
                      Environmental
                      Protection Act
                     Water Pollution Control
                     Law
New Hampshire       Water Pollution Control
                     Law
New Jersey
New Mexico
Environmental
Protection Act
                     Water Quality Act
                                REFERENCE

                                Ch. 21, General Laws as amended
                                through the Acts of 1970
Act 245, Public Acts of 1929 as
amended by Act 117, P.A. 1949;
Act 165, P.A. 1963; Act 405, P.A.
1965; Act 167, P.A. 1968; Act
209, P.A. 1968; Act 200, P.A. 1970
                                Senate Bill No. 424
                                Ch. 204.026 Para. 13 and
                                Ch. 204.076 Para. 1  (19721

                                Title 69, Ch. 48, RCM, 1947,
                                Sections 69-4806 and 69-4823
                                (as amended through 1971)
                                Sections 81-1501 to 81-1532 (1971)
                                as amended by L.B. 1435 (1972)
                                NRS 445.130 to 445.385
                                (1971)
                                Revised Statutes Annotated,
                                Ch. 149 as amended (1971)
R.S. 58: 11-12, 12-3 as amended
by Chapter 91, N. J. Laws of
1970
                                Ch. 190, Laws of 1967 (as amended
                                by Ch. 64, Laws of 1970 and by
                                Ch. 277, Laws of 1971) 75-39-1
                                through 75-39-12 NMSA
                                          ADMINISTERING AGENCY

                                          Water Resources Commission
                                          Division of Water Pollution Control
                                          Leverett Saltonstall Building
                                          Government Center
                                          Boston, Massachusetts 02202

                                          Water Resources Commission
                                          Stevens T. Mason Building, Sta.
                                          Lansing, Michigan 48926
                                          Pollution Control Agency
                                          717 Delaware Street, S.E.
                                          Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440

                                          Air & Water Pollution Control Comm.
                                          P. 0. Box 827
                                          Jackson, Mississippi 39205

                                          Water Pollution Board
                                          P.O. Box 154
                                          Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

                                          State Department of
                                          Health and  Environmental
                                          Sciences
                                          Helena, Montana 59601

                                          Department of Environmental
                                          Control
                                          Environmental Control Council
                                          State House Station
                                          Lincoln, Nebraska

                                          Commission of Environmental
                                          Protection
                                          Department of Health, Welfare,
                                          and Rehabilitation
                                          Environmental Protection
                                          Hearing Board
                                          Carson City, Nevada 89701

                                          Water Supply and Pollution
                                          Control Commission
                                          105 Loudon Road, Prescott Park
                                          Concord, New Hampshire 03301

                                          Department of Environmental
                                          Protection
                                          P. O. Box 1390
                                          Trenton. New Jersey 08625

                                          Water Quality Control Comm.
                                          Environmental Improvement
                                          Agency
                                          P. 0. Box 2348
                                          Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
                                                               71
                                                                          Appendix  B
                                                                          Page  5  of  9

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 STATE

 New York
 North Carolina
 North Dakota
 Ohio
 Oklahoma
 Oregon
 Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
 LAW

 State Environmental
 Conservation Law
                      Water & Air Resources
                      Act
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Law
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Act
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Statutes
Water & Air
Pollution Control
Laws
The Clean Streams
Law
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Law
Rhode Island         Water Pollution Control
                     Law
South Carolina        Pollution Control Act
South Dakota         Water Pollution Control
                     Law
REFERENCE

Public Health Law Art. 12
as amended (1972)
                                Ch. 143, Art. 21 as amended
                                (1971)
                                Ch. 479, Sections 61-28-01
                                through 61-28-08 (1967)
                                Sections 6111.01 at teq.
                                as amended (1967)
                                Title 63, Oklahoma Statutes,
                                1971
Oregon Revised Statutes, Ch. 449
(1971 Replacement Part)
                               General Laws of 1956, Title 46
                               Ch. 12 as amended by PL 170,
                               1968, PL 89, 1963, PL 261, 1966.
                               PL 198, 1967, PL 88, 1970, PL
                               289, 1970, PL 103,1971, PL 236,
                               1971

                               Act 1157-1971 as amended by the
                               1971-1972 General Appropriation
                               Act for the fiscal year 1971-1972
 ADMINISTERING AGENCY

 Department of Environmental
 Conservation
 State Environmental Board
 Albany, New York

 Board of Water & Air Resources
 P. O. Box 9392
 Raleigh, North Carolina 27603

 Water Pollution Control Board
 Department of Health
 Bismarck, North Dakota 58501

 Water Pollution Control Board
 P.O.Box 118
 Columbus, Ohio 43216

 Department of Pollution Control
 Water Resources Board
 Department of Health
 3400 North Eastern
 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105

 Department of Environmental
 Quality
 Environmental  Quality Comm.
 P. 0. Box 231
 Portland, Oregon 97201

 Department of Environmental
 Resources
 Environmental Quality  Board
 Environmental Hearing  Board
 P. O. Box 2351
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105

 Environmental Quality Board
P.O.Box 11785
Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910

Department of Health
335 State Office Building
Providence,  Rhode Island 02903
                                         South Carolina Pollution
                                         Control Authority
                                         1321 Lady Street
                                         Owen Building
                                         Columbia, South Carolina

                                         Committee on Water Pollution
                                         State Department of Health
                                         (Division of Sanitary
                                         Enginee-ing & Environmental
                                         Protection)
                                         Pierre, South Dakota 57501
                                                             72
                                                                                Appendix  B
                                                                                Page  6  of  9

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STATE

Tennessee




Texas



Utah



Vermont




Virginia



Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
LAW

Water Quality Control
Act of 1971
Water Quality Act
Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Pollution Control
Act
Water Control Law
Water Pollution Control
Laws
Water Pollution Control
Act
                      Water Pollution Control
                      Law
Protection of Public
Water Supply Act
 REFERENCE

Ch. 164, Public Acts of 1971 as
amended by Ch. 388 Public Acts
of 1971, Ch. 444 Public Acts of
1972, Ch, 631 Public Acts of 1972

Chapter 21, Subchapter C
Section 21.079 and 21.091;
Subchapter E, Section 21.252

Title 73, Ch. 14, Utah Code
Annotated, 1953 as amended
1967

Title 10, Vermont Statutes
Annotated, Ch. 33 as amended
(1972)
Ch. 3.1, Title 62.1 Code of
Virginia, 1950,
as amended (1970)

Chapter 90.48 RCW (1970)
Section 90.48.140 and 90.48.160
Ch. 20, Article 5A, Code of
West Virginia as amended (1969)
                                Ch. 144, Wisconsin Statutes
                                (1967)
Article 2, Section 35-184
et seq., as amended Laws 1957
ADMINISTERING AGENCY

Water Quality Board
Department of Public Health
6th Avenue North
Nashville, Tennessee 37219

Texas Water Quality Board
314W.I 1th Street
Austin, Texas 78701

Water Pollution Committee
44 Medical Drive
Salt Lake City, Utah 84113

Department of Water Resources
Water Resources Board
5 Court Street
Montpelier, Vermont 05602

State Water Control Board
P.O. Box 11143
Richmond, Virginia 23230

Department of Ecology
Ecological Commission
Pollution Control Hearings
Board
P. 0. Box 829
Ofympia. Washington 98501

Department of Natural Resources
Water Resources Board
State Department of Health
(Division of Sanitary Eng.1
1201 Greenbrier Street
Charleston, West Virginia

Department of Natural Resources
Natural Resources Board
P. 0. Box 450
Madison, Wisconsin 53701

Sanitary Engineering Services
Stream Pollution  Control
Advisory Council
State Office Building
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
                                                              73
                                                                        Appendix  B
                                                                        Page  7  of  9

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       State                     Reply Received               Have Emergency Plan*

Alabama                               X
Alaska                                 X
Arizona                                X
Arkansas                               X                             X
California                              X                             X
Colorado                               X
Connecticut                            X
Delaware                               X
Florida                                X                             X
Georgia                                X
Guam                                  X
Hawaii                                 X
Idaho                                  X                             X
Illinois, Springfield                      X                             X
Indiana                                X                             X
Iowa                                   X                             X
Kansas                                 X                             X
Kentucky                              X
Louisiana                              X                             X
Maine                                  X                             X
Maryland, Baltimore                     X
Maryland, Annapolis                     X                             X
Massachusetts                           X
Michigan                               X
Minnesota                              X
Mississippi                              X
Missouri                                X                             X
Montana                               X
Nebraska                               X                             X
Nevada                                X
New Hampshire                         X
New Jersey                             X
New Mexico                            X
New York                              X                             X
North Carolina                          X
North Dakota                           X                             X
Ohio                                   X                             X
Oklahoma                              X
Oregon                                X
Pennsylvania                           X                             X
'Emergency plan  may  be for oil and/or hazardous materials. Plans  may be
existing,  tentative or  in the  planning  stage.
                                                                        Appendix  B
                                                75                      Page  8 of  9

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        State                     Reply Received               Have Emergency Plan*

 Rhode Island                           X
 South Carolina                          X
 South Dakota                           X
 Tennessee                              X                             X
 Texas                                  X
 Utah                                   X
 Vermont                               X
 Virginia                                X                             X
 Washington                             X                             X
 West Virginia                           X                             X
 Wisconsin                              X                             X
 Wyoming                               X
 C.1.   Results of request for contingency plan information from State agencies.
 Interstate Agency                           Reply Received             Have Emergency Plan*

 Bi-State Development Agency                      X

 Interstate Sanitation
 Commission

 Ohio River Valley Water
 Sanitation Commission                            X                             X

 Delaware  River Basin
 Commission                                      X                             X

 Klamath River Compact
 Commission                                      X

 Tennessee River Basin Water
 Pollution Control Commission

 Interstate Commission on the
 Potomac River Basin                              X

 New England Interstate Water
 Pollution Control Commission
'Emergency  plan  may  be for oil  and/or hazardous materials.  Plans  may be
existing, tentative or in planning stage.

C-2.   Results of  request  for  contingency  plan information from interstate
agencies.
                                                                                 Appendix  B
                                                 76                              Page  9 of  9

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              SAMPLE

          (NAME OF CITY)

WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PAMPHLET*

GENERAL BACKGROUND

Our section  of  the country experiences
natural disasters (hurricanes,  tornadoes,
etc.) on a recurring basis. This pamphlet
has been  prepared to serve as  a guideline
to prepare for and respond to this type of
disaster.

The  goal  of  this  document is  to
disseminate information to all personnel
within   the treatment  system. An
informed and organised staff  is essential
in responding  efficiently to  emergency
situations.

GENERAL INFORMATION

All supervisors  will meet  with  System
Superintendent when watch  alert  is
issued.

Supervisor's responsibilities:

   Report emergency conditions.

   Maintain a  log  of  all  emergency
   activities.

   Provide list  of personnel  to be  on
   duty.  (Provide time for  these men to
   return  home  and  arrange  for
   protection of their families.)

Standby  power  equipment to  be used
only after power failure occurs.

Off-duty personnel monitor local radio/
television stations for  work schedule in-
formation.

Similar to Pamphlet used in Fort Lauder-
 dale, Florida
Superintendent will provide for  welfare
of men on duty during disaster (food,
bedding, etc.)

DETAILED PROCEDURES (Hurricane/
Severe Weather Watch Alert)

Superintendent

   Organizes staff.

   Maintains continuous monitoring of
   weather condition.

   Checks  out  communications
   equipment.

DETAILED PROCEDURES (Hurricane/
Severe Weather Warning Alert)

Superintendent

   Initiates emergency response plan.

Maintenance crews

   Check emergency generators and fuel
   supply.

   Secure pump stations as directed.

Treatment Plant Operators

   Check all emergency equipment.

   Check chemical inventories.

   Coordinate  with   maintenance  per-
   sonnel to secure equipment.

POST DISASTER ACTIONS

Perform severity analysis.

Organize crews as personnel report for
work to repair priority  items.

Submit assistance requests  immediately
to expedite and coordinate acquisition of
supplies and parts.
                                                                                                                                    FACILITIES

                                                                                                                                    Treatment Plants
                                                                                                                                    and Pumping
                                                                                                                                    Stations

                                                                                                                                    Main Control Building
                                                                                                                                     Maintenance Shop
                                                                                                                                     Chlorine Building
                                                                                                                                    Digester Building

                                                                                                                                    Pump Station No. 1

                                                                                                                                    Pump Station No. 2

                                                                                                                                    COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION
                                                                                                                                                                           Radio
                                                                                                                                                              Phone        Call
                                                                                                                                                              Number        Sign
                                                                                                                                                                           Radio
                                                                                                                                                              Phone         Call
                                                                                                                                                             Number        Sign
                                                                                                                                    Dept. of Public Works

                                                                                                                                    Police

                                                                                                                                    Fire

                                                                                                                                    PERSONNEL



                                                                                                                                    Title/Ma me

                                                                                                                                    System Superintendent
                                                                                                                                    Assistant System
                                                                                                                                    Superintendent
                                                                                                                                    Maintenance Supervisor
                                                                                                                                    Chief Operator
                                                                                                                                                        Phone
    Emergency
       Duty
    Assignment

Main Control Bldg.

Main Control Bldg.
Maintenance Shop
Main Control Bldg.
                                                                                                                                   EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS


HP
450

450




KW
250

250




Location
Pump Sta.
No. 1
Main Plant


Installation
(Permanent/
Portable)
Portable

Permanent




Function
Pump
Station
Half of
Treatment
Plant

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