Unted States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(OS-301)
ŁEPA Grant and Contract
Output Directory
EPA530-B-93-003
Fall 1993
Printed on Recycled Paper
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MSW
REGIONAL AND HEADQUARTERS
GRANT/OUTPUT DIRECTORY
PURPOSE
This Directory consists of an annotated bibliography of Regional and
Headquarters grant/contract outputs. Outputs are usually reports, but also may be
videos, brochures, computer software, or other products. The Directory is intended as a
reference document. We can use the directory to increase the efficiency of our efforts by
utilizing existing documents to the fullest extent possible.
SUBMISSIONS
Municipal Solid Waste staff at Headquarters and in each Region should send two
copies of all grant/contract outputs to Yvonne Jackson, Office of Solid Waste (OS-301),
US EPA, 401 M St., SW, Washington, D.C. 20460.1 She will file one copy in the
Implementation Section reference file. The information will be publicized at our
integrated waste management workshops, the U.S. conferences, RIT meetings, etc. The
second copy will be filed in the Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division
(M&ISWD) library. Headquarters and Regional staff should submit a third copy to Lori
Swain of the Solid Waste Information Clearinghouse (SWICH), at P.O. Box 7219, Silver
Spring, Maryland 20910. All outputs should be submitted with a brief summary of the
output, describing its purpose, content/subject, and audience.
The next issue of the Directory will be ready for distribution in Winter, 1993. If
you would like your outputs published in the next issue, please submit them no later than
October 22, 1993. If you have any corrections or updates, they also must be submitted
by this date.
If you have any questions or comments, please call Yvonne Jackson at
(202) 260-6261.
NEW ENTRIES
All entries appearing for the first time are preceded by an asterisk (*).
'Three copies of video tapes should be submitted so that a copy can be provided to
the EPA's Office of Communications and Public Affairs.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MSW
REGIONAL AND HEADQUARTERS
GRANT/CONTRACT OUTPUT DIRECTORY
Section
I. Composting
II. Educational Programs/Curricula
III. Integrated Waste Management Implementation
A. General
B. Waste Stream Analysis
C. Alternative Financing Mechanisms
D. Regionalization
E. Siting
IV. Land Disposal
V. Recycling
A. General
B. Market Development/Procurement
Page Number
3
8
14
18
19
20
22
24
28
40
VI. Source Reduction
52
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MSW
REGIONAL AND HEADQUARTERS
GRANT/CONTRACT OUTPUT DIRECTORY2
I. COMPOSTING
Agriculture and Natural Resources Compost Handbook. Montgomery, AL: Alabama
Department of Environmental Management, 1992.
This handbook contains information on designing and establishing a backyard
compost bin, the benefits of composting, and vermicomposting. It also includes a
municipal composting guide providing information on yard waste collection, different
considerations, marketing ideas, and cost/benefit worksheets.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Backyard Composting. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Environmental Affairs, 1992.
This report documents the process and results of Boulder's neighborhood
backyard composting program. The program proved to be less expensive than the
municipal composting pilot program (documented in a separate report), and if done on a
large scale, could be comparable in cost to local landfill tipping fees. The program also
was successful in bringing composting information to residents who had never composted
before, but was judged to be a somewhat time-consuming method for reaching these
individuals. The report also contains recommendations for implementation of an
expanded backyard composting program.
Region: VII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Cedar Grove Compost; User's Guide For Landscape Professionals. Seattle, WA: Seattle
Solid Waste Utility, 1991.
This 18-page booklet describes yard waste composting processes at the Cedar
Grove Composting Facility in Maple Valley, Washington. Yard waste is recycled into a
valuable compost product. It presents guidelines for amending topsoil, mulching, and
An asterisk (*) denotes a new entry.
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growing nursery stock.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Compost Testing and Analysis; Final Report. Seattle, WA: Seattle Solid Waste Utility,
February 1991.
In 1989, the City of Seattle started its yard waste curbside and transfer station
program. In 1990, the City program collected nearly 50,000 tons of yard waste, which
was composted at the Cedar Grove Composting Facility in Maple Valley, Washington.
This document presents information to the City of Seattle and the public on the quality
of the compost produced at the Facility. The data should also aid in developing criteria
and standards for use by various City departments in establishing specifications for
suppliers of topsoil and/or soil amendments.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
E.A.S.Y. (Environmental Action Starts in your Yard) Lawn Mowing. Koski, Tony, and
Carl Wilson. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, March
1990. Denver, CO: Colorado State Cooperative Extension, March 1990.
Grass clippings from lawns in the Denver area are estimated to contribute about
25% of the solid waste stream during the grass growing season. To significantly reduce
the amount of grass clippings going to landfills, the Lawn Mowing brochure was written
to educate the public about alternatives to bagging its grass clippings.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
Environmental Fact Sheet: Yard Waste Composting. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, January 1991.
This fact sheet explains what yard wastes are, why they are being banned from
some landfills, and why leaf burning is not considered a suitable management practice.
The fact sheet also defines composting, explains the composting process, and describes
how compost can be used.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Hope Pillsbury
Phone: (202) 260-2797
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Focus Meeting on Compost Quality and Facility Standards. Minneapolis, MN: State of
Washington Department of Ecology, November 6-8, 1991.
This document presents a summary of discussions among representatives from
States and Canadian Provinces that have drafted or promulgated compost standards.
Topics include: regulatory development; different regulatory approaches, such as risk-
based, no net degradation, and best achievable approach; the proposed 503 Sludge Rule;
compost parameters; threshold values for the presence of metals; and future research
needs. The minutes also include a Summary Matrix of State Compost Regulations and
Guidance.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Kim Carr
Phone: (202) 260-7600
Home Composter Handbook. Athens, GA: Cooperative Extension Service, The
University of Georgia, April 1992.
This handbook provides technical information on composting, directions for
constructing bins and building a compost pile, answers to frequently asked questions,
guidelines for starting a community program, and a sample layout and signs for a
composting demonstration site. Brochures on composting, mulching, and grasscycling are
included in this handbook. The purpose of the handbook is to provide local organizers
with the necessary tools to initiate home composting education programs in their
communities.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Local Government Composting Guide for Iowa Communities. Des Moines, IA: Iowa
Department of Natural Resources, December 1990.
This guide is designed to assist city, county and regional planners in developing
and implementing strategies to manage yard wastes. The guide provides policymakers
with an understanding of the components necessary for developing and maintaining a
successful composting program. It includes worksheets to assist planners with designing a
program that recognizes the economics and characteristics specific to each community.
Region: VII
Contact: David Flora
Phone: (913) 551-7523
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Mulching and Backyard Composting Guidebook. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of
Natural Resources, February 1991.
This guide introduces the principles of organic material resource recovery for
residential use. Homeowners are encouraged to mulch or compost their yard waste
instead of bagging the material for disposal in landfills or incinerators. Construction of a
compost pile, maintenance of the pile, and end uses for compost and mulch are
discussed. The guide also offers a list of compost bin manufacturers and sources of
additional information.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
* Municipal Composting Feasibility Study. Piano, TX: City of Piano, Solid Waste
Department, 1993.
The purpose of this feasibility study is to determine the conditions under which
municipal composting of landscape waste is an optimal method of achieving a significant
reduction in annual landfilled tonnage while also producing a beneficial and marketable
end product. This study focuses on the feasibility of operating a municipal compost
program from both environmental and economic perspectives. In order to fully
determine the factors supporting large scale municipal composting operations, the City of
Piano investigated the following components: demand, cost and cost-effective analyses;
rates of participation and waste stream diversion; decomposing variables of compost;
laboratory analysis of the finished product; potential markets for the finished product;
and technology requirements.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
Recycle Boulder: Leaf Composting. Boulder, CO: US EPA Region VIII and the City of
Boulder, CO, 1989.
This final report of the pilot yard waste composting project conducted by the City
of Boulder describes the successes and limitations of composting under the extreme
weather conditions common in the Rocky Mountains and makes recommendations for
improved operations under other programs in this area.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
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Yard Trash Composting-Process and Product Evaluation. Gainesville, FL: University of
Florida, 1992.
This is the final report of a project that evaluated several composting processes
(static pile, windrow, and in-bin system) and the effects of particle size and nitrogen
additives on the final product. The evaluation was accomplished through temperature
measurements, chemical analyses of the compost, weed seed germination studies, and
plant growth measurements.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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II. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS/CURRICULA
Critical Issues Conference for Teachers. New York, NY: Hackensack Meadowlands
Development Commission, 1989.
The Commission presented a conference to provide the most current information
and materials available on solid waste issues for educators to incorporate into their
programs. The conference included a field trip arranged for 250 students from eight
inner-city schools.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
* Critical Skills Institute Instructor Manual and Critical Skills Activity Design
Statement. Concord, NH: New Hampshire Resource Recovery Association and Antioch
New England Graduate School, 1993.
The instructor manual is a set of materials intended for use by trained instructors
of the Critical Skills Institute. It melds the teaching of solid waste and recycling issues
with a "critical thinking skills" approach to education. The activity design supplement is
an aid for educators using the Critical Skills model to teach waste management concepts.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
Environmental Action Coalition Education Package. New York, NY: Environmental
Action Coalition, 1992.
The Environmental Action Coalition (EAC) produced a number of educational
guides and programs, pertaining to recycling and waste reduction. These guides include:
• "Outline of Introductory Lesson Used by the Environmental Action Coalition for
Grades K-l"
• "Outline of Introductory Lesson Used by the Environmental Action Coalition for
Grades 2-8"
• "Outline of Teacher Training Workshop Conducted by the Environmental Action
Coalition"
• "Script to Slide Show for Grades K-3 The Garbage Monster"
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• "Script to Slide Show for Grades 4-12 Recycling in New York: You Can Be A Part
Of It"
• "Suggestions for using Don't Waste Waste, an interdisciplinary curriculum guide
that explains 32 activities for the classroom and is available from the
Environmental Action Coalition"
• "Establishing A School Recycling Program: Sample Action Plan"
• "Educational Materials On Recycling Bibliography"
• "Recycling Week Suggested Activities"
• "Recycling Programs in New York City"
• "Educational Materials Available From the Environmental Action Coalition"
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
* EPA Region I Solid Waste Program Presentation Materials. Boston, MA: US EPA
Region I, Solid Waste and Geographic Information Section, October 1992.
This slide presentation is a comprehensive show detailing activities and issues
within the Municipal Solid Waste Program. The multi-purpose slide presentation
provides an overview of the solid waste problem, as well as solutions to the problem,
presented in EPA's revised Agenda for Action. The presentation will provide the public
with historical and current solid waste management practices, trends, and innovative
solutions.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
Gone With the Waste. Atlanta, GA: US EPA Region IV, Office of Solid Waste, June
1992. (Video)
Gone With the Waste is an educational video depicting our nation's solid waste
dilemma and the alternatives that individuals, working within the framework of EPA's
Integrated Waste Management Hierarchy, can take to help reduce the flow of waste sent
to landfills. The video focuses on the Southeast and on source reduction methods,
consumer selections, and recycling options available to individuals.
Region: IV
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Contact: Tom Scalf
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Karst Curriculum Guide. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave Conservation
Association, Inc., November 1990.
This curriculum resource guide is meant to assist educators in finding and utilizing
materials for their classroom. The guide is targeted to Grades 4-8 and is divided into
two main subject areas: cave and karst materials and ground-water materials. The
teachers background section could be used either as text for high school students or to
develop classroom materials for other grade levels. The guide includes the American
Ground Water Trust's "Ground Water Education in America's Schools."
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Learning to Live with Caves and Karst. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave
Conservation Association, Inc., November 1990.
This slide show discusses the problems of disposing MSW in karst areas, which
are areas characterized by soils too thin to adequately protect underlying ground water
from dumpsite runoff. Approximately 20% of the United States is underlain by karst.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Municipal Solid Waste Management; 1991 Teachers Guide. Aurora, CO: Aurora Public
Schools, 1991.
This guide addresses municipal solid waste disposal problems and practices, with
an emphasis on incineration, batteries, used oil, plastics, and tires. Lessons are provided
for both elementary and secondary teachers. These lessons provide for the active
participation of students in both projects and discussion. Beyond the introduction to
each topic and the extensive projects, the guide also provides both a list of additional
resources for each topic and teaching aids such as graphs and charts.
Region: XIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
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Municipal Solid Waste Management System--A Teacher's Guide. Denver, CO: US EPA
Region VIII, December 1990.
This guide provides teachers with sample lessons for Grades K-12. The lessons
are designed to help students gain knowledge and make decisions regarding waste
reduction, recycling, composting, sanitary landfill design, and safe incineration.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
* PhilaPride Educational Project-Comic Strips. Philadelphia, PA: U.S. EPA Region
III, 1993.
U.S. EPA Region III has created a comic book focusing on recycling and other
solid waste issues. Weekly comic strips will be released to Philadelphia metropolitan
newspapers.
Region: III
Contact: Theresa Martella
Phone: (215) 597-7936
* Recology. Boston, MA: Fundamental Action to Conserve Energy (FACE), 1993.
The objectives of the "Recology" project are: 1) to assist teachers in establishing
an interdisciplinary approach to recycling in the classroom; 2) to develop community
involvement with the implementation of a recycling program and curriculum in the
school to ensure longevity; and 3) to give students the skills for problem solving through
cooperative learning. Six Massachusetts schools will be involved in the project and each
will have a unique set of lesson plans. FACE hopes to strengthen existing recovery
programs at each school, and assist others in developing programs and related curricula.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
Solid Waste; The Crisis of the 90's. New York, NY: Hackensack Meadowlands
Development Commission, 1990.
The Commission presented a three-day seminar for state and local officials, and
the private sector, covering identification of the solid waste problem, the roles of various
sectors, and options for improvement. Nine video tapes were produced, covering the
entire seminar. These include: "Recycling and Incineration-Perfect Together,"
"Recycling Markets: Buy! Sell!," and "The Need for Standardizing Waste Classification,"
among others.
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Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
Teaching Toxics; Creating Solutions to Household Pollution. Montpelier, VT:
Association of Vermont Recyclers, 1992.
This guide serves as a teacher's resource book for activities designed to increase
student awareness of household hazardous wastes, alternatives to hazardous materials,
and proper management of household hazardous wastes. The guide is divided into
activities for Grades K-3, Grades 4-6, Grades 7-8, and Grades 9-12. Also included is an
information section on household hazardous wastes and a general resource section.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
The Wonderful World of Recycle. Denver, CO: US EPA Region VIII and Recycle Now,
February 1990.
This 13-minute video, designed for children in Grades K-4, addresses the topic of
recycling glass, plastic, paper, and aluminum.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
* Trash Can Inquisition Video. In-House Recycling Posters and Brochures.
Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III, 1992.
Using an Uncle Sam theme, the RCRA Solid Waste staff developed these
communication tools to promote waste reduction at the Region III building and to
educate the Regional employees about the recycling program in the building.
Region: III
Contact: Sherri Becker
Phone: (215) 597-7936
* Waste; A Hidden Resource in Kentucky. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Division of Waste
Management, 1992.
This educational tool was prepared by the Center for Mathematics, Science, and
Environmental Education at Western Kentucky University for the Kentucky Department
of Environmental Protection. Primary funding was provided by the Tennessee Valley
Authority. The curriculum guide provides an excellent overview discussion of solid waste
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and in-depth sections on hazardous waste and municipal waste. Included are projects
that can be carried out in the classroom, such as designing and using a compost bin. The
guide provides detailed information on both the causes and effects of various types of
pollution, as well as the regulatory system designed to control pollution. Also available
is a Workshop Leader's Guide to assist in training teachers to use Waste: A Hidden
Resource in Kentucky in their classrooms.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Wisconsin Recycling Education Program. Chicago, IL: US EPA Region V and the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, April 1991.
Three sets of educational materials are included in this output. The School
Component features three teacher handbooks. The "Recycling Study Guide" for grades
9-12 includes instructional strategies for teachers and activities for students, linking
recycling with science, technology, and society curricula. The "Grades K-3 Supplement to
the Recycling Study Guide" covers recycling basics for Grades K-3. An action handbook,
"The Fourth 'R'," provides initiatives and examples for practicing recycling in the
classroom and throughout the school system. Supplemental materials include "Recycling
Facts and Figures" and "Recycling Games and Quizzes." The State Parks Component
includes: "The Nature's Recycler's Activity Book" (indoor and outdoor activities for
children and adults at home, school, or park/recreation areas); the "Nature's Recycler's
Coloring Book" (basic recycling concepts for youngsters); and the Wisconsin Explorers
Program (interpretive aids for 4th through 6th graders exploring parks, forests, and
recreation areas while earning certification as Wisconsin Explorers). The 4-H
Component provides materials for the "Recycling the 4-H Way" promotion program.
This program, modeled after the 4-H Dairy Awards program with awards at the district
and state level, includes a promotional brochure, Club Recycling Activity Planning Sheet,
Activity Reporting Form, Score Card for club leaders, and list of potential county fair
projects with a recycling theme.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
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III. INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
A. General
Analysis of Solid Waste Management Alternatives. Nixon, NV: The Pyramid Lake
Paiute Tribe, January 1990.
This study assesses the existing solid waste management system of the Pyramid
Lake Paiute Indian Tribe, evaluates alternative disposal systems, and recommends a
procedure to handle the Tribe's solid waste so as to meet its needs and fulfill the
requirements of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 258. The assessment
and recommendation also will be incorporated into an application for a HUD
Community Development Block Grant to assist in funding capital expenses of the
selected waste management system.
Region: IX
Contact: Rebecca Jamison
Phone: (415) 744-2099
Curbing Waste in a Throwaway World; Report of the Task Force on Solid Waste
Management. Washington, D.C.: National Governors' Association, May 1990.
This is the report of the National Governors' Association Task Force on Solid
Waste Management. The task force focused on solutions that involve, in fact depend
upon, the individual as much as they do industry and government.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 330-1667
Decision-Makers Guide to Solid Waste Management. Volume I. Washington, D.C.: US
EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, November 1989.
Volume I of the Decision-Makers Guide is designed to help policy makers
understand their present waste management problems, offer possible techniques for
solving them, and explain how these solutions influence each other.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Sarah Carney
Phone: (202) 260-7597
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Interim Report of the Governor's Task Force on Integrated Solid Waste Management.
Denver, CO: Governor's Task Force on Integrated Solid Waste Management, January
1990.
A critical issue facing Colorado in the 1990's is how to manage the increasing
quantities of solid waste generated within the State. This interim report summarizes the
current issues and presents some short-term recommendations.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Municipal Solid Waste Management; A Guide to Training Opportunities. San
Francisco, CA: Science Applications International Corporation, June 1992.
This guide contains information about training opportunities and resources on
solid waste management. The goal is to provide government agency officials and solid
waste facility owners or operators easy access to information on the following: landfill
management training, information on compliance with Subtitle D landfill criteria,
pollution prevention training, universities that offer solid waste management courses and
certificate programs, instruction in public finance, on-line databases and information
networks, and organizations that can provide additional information on solid waste
management training opportunities.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Municipal Solid Waste Needs Assessment: Final Report. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region
X, September 1989.
This report is the outcome of the start of Region X's development of programs,
policies, and priorities for helping the various Pacific Northwest jurisdictions to cope with
the rapid changes underway in solid waste management. Region X saw the need to
increase its understanding of the concerns facing the industry and solid waste managers
at the state and local level. This report identifies areas of concern where some type of
EPA involvement might be useful.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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North Dakota Solid Waste Symposium. Bismarck, ND: US EPA Region VIII and North
Dakota Department of Health, October 1990.
Representatives from government, industry, environmental groups, and consulting
firms present and discuss ideas regarding potential solutions for solid waste problems in
North Dakota. Topics include: environmentalism and economic growth, recycling,
transfer station technology, markets, waste reduction, landfill technology, materials
recovery, public policy, legislative proposals, composting, ground-water/geotechnical
considerations at North Dakota landfills, local government issues, paper in the waste
stream, NIMBYs and LULUs, incineration and waste-to-energy, and public education.
The proceedings conclude with a resource list.
Region: VIII
Contact: Jerry Allen
Phone: (303) 293-1496
* Solid Waste in Southwest Idaho - A Systems Approach. Boise, ID: Idaho Southwest
District Health Department, 1993.
This manual is designed to promote an understanding of the interactive
relationship among waste reduction, recycling, source separation, and disposal as aspects
of solid waste management. The manual has been used in outreach throughout the
Idaho six-county service area to provide "systems approach" materials and learning
experiences. Targeted audiences are business leaders, community decisionmakers, the
general public, and school children.
Region: X
Contact: Frank Stefan
Phone: (206) 553-6693
Special Waste Management Options; An Analysis of Six State Programs. San Francisco,
CA: Science Applications International Corporation, June 1992.
This report analyzes the waste management approaches used for lead-acid
batteries, waste oil, and scrap tires in six states. The programs analyzed provided a
range of waste management options for dealing with the unique and difficult problems
associated with these wastes. Major components of each state program are discussed,
including program goals, approach, implementing agency, compliance monitoring and
enforcement, and funding. Program resource requirements and program performance
also are discussed. Appendices provide copies of statutes and regulations, additional
sources of information, and selected literature on management of special wastes.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
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SWATS; Solid Waste Automated Tracking System Users Manual. San Francisco, CA:
Science Applications International Corporation, March 1992.
This manual provides information on the Solid Waste Automated Tracking
System (SWATS). SWATS is a menu-driven data management system used to store,
retrieve, query, summarize, and graphically portray information on solid waste landfills
located in EPA Region IX. Information can be found on the number of landfills in a
defined area, landfill status, permit status, ownership, waste received, closure/capacity
analysis, whether the landfill is subject to Part 258 criteria or exempt, and potential
environmental risk factors (as indicated by location with respect to aquifers, surface
water, wetlands, and population centers).
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* WastePlan Final Performance Report. Lansing, MI: Michigan State University,
Department of Resource Development, July 1992.
WastePlan is a computer software package that provides an integrated model of
solid waste management. It incorporates the full range of waste management strategies,
including source reduction, recycling, composting, resource recovery, and landfilling.
WastePlan explicitly models the interrelationships that exist among these various
strategies. For example, by modeling different scenarios, WastePlan can be used to
determine how changes in recycling participation rates and program design may affect
the required size of resource recovery facilities and landfill space. This report describes
the design and execution of the WastePlan pilot project and outlines successes and
problems.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
B. Waste Stream Analysis
* Characterization of Solid Waste at the U.S. EPA Region 9 Office; Summary Report.
San Francisco, CA: PRC Environmental Management, Inc.; March 1993.
U.S. EPA Region IX contracted to conduct a baseline characterization study of
solid waste generated at their facility. To derive solid waste characterization data, the
solid waste and recyclable material output was sorted manually and weighed. The results
of this study characterize and classify the types of wastes currently generated and
disposed or recycled by the occupants of the facility. This will assist in the planning of
additional source reduction and recycling activities.
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Region: IX
Contact: David Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2095
* The City of Dallas Solid Waste Generation and Characterization Study; Final Report.
Dallas, TX: City of Dallas Department of Street and Sanitation Services and Franklin
Associates, Ltd., October 1992.
The purpose of this project was to characterize the residential and commercial
solid wastes being generated, diverted, and disposed of by citizens and commercial
establishments in the City of Dallas. The types and quantities of recyclables and their
sources are identified. The analysis was conducted using a combination of methods,
including actual weight data, material flows methodology, and national data. The report
also projects the sources and quantities of recyclable materials for the year 2000.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
Waste as a Resource for the Future; Recoverable Resource Audit Handbook. New York,
NY: US EPA Region II, World Congress of Local Governments, September 1990.
The handbook is designed as a tool to guide communities toward developing
strategies and alternatives for municipal solid waste management in the future. Its use
will assist local governments in their efforts to characterize waste streams to identify
those resources that are valuable commodities.
Region: II
Contact: Michael DeBonis
Phone: (212) 264-0002
C. Alternative Financing Mechanisms
Cooing with Solid Waste in the 1990's II Conference. Lake Tahoe, NV: US EPA
Region IX Public-Private Partnership, November 1990.
The two-day conference featured four sessions addressing solid waste issues of
major concern to cities and towns: determining the future costs of their systems,
accessing national capital markets, implementing user fees, and finding alternative
systems to reduce management costs. Each session was designed to introduce the
audience to the basic issues and promote discussion of the issues among the panelists.
The brochure explains the purpose of the conference, outlines the agenda, and provides
a registration form and logistical information for attending the conference.
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Headquarters: Office of Administration and Resources Management
Contact: Gene Pontillo
Phone: (202) 260-6044
Solid Waste Contract Negotiation Handbook. Eugene, OR: Bureau of Government
Research, University of Oregon, 1992.
This handbook discusses the advantages and disadvantages of intergovernmental
and public/private partnerships for solid waste management. The handbook also serves
as a guide to the complicated contract negotiation process. Case studies and model
contract provisions from solid waste management contracts are provided. The target
audience is local government officials involved in selecting and implementing solid waste
management alternatives. However, the handbook should prove beneficial to anyone in
contract negotiations.
Region: X
Contact: Paula vanHaagen
Phone: (206) 553-1847
Variable Rates in Solid Waste; Handbook for Solid Waste Officials. Seattle, WA: US
EPA Region X, City of Seattle Solid Waste Utility, June 1990.
This handbook assists local solid waste officials in analyzing a number of aspects
related to making decisions about solid waste system changes, with detailed emphasis on
factors related to changes to the fee system. Volume I consists of the Executive
Summary. Volume II is a detailed manual organized in a manner to lead readers
through the complex issues involved in completing such an evaluation. This manual
consists of six major parts, each divided into specific subsections.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
D. Regionalization
Analysis of the Policy Implications of Regional MSW Disposal. Seattle, WA: US Region
X and Ross & Associates, August 1990.
This report is intended for an audience of state and local policymakers who,
through the choices they are making now, are shaping the manner in which MSW will be
managed for the next several decades in the Pacific Northwest. It is not a guide to
implementing regionalization, nor a how-to-manual for local decisionmakers. It is,
however, intended to prompt discussion throughout the region of the implications that
these regional changes will have on each community.
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Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Joining Forces; A Solid Waste Equipment Sharing Methodology. Asheville, NC: Land-
of-Sky Regional Council, January 1992.
This report provides an in-depth description of the rural community equipment
sharing project (see below). The pieces of equipment considered under this project are a
compost turner, wood grinder, and tire shredder. Discussion of ownership and operation
arrangements, funding, legal issues, and items to be addressed in a formal agreement are
included in the report.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Joining Forces: A Solid Waste Equipment Sharing Pilot Project. Asheville, NC: Land-
of-Sky Regional Council, January 1992.
This project investigated the feasibility of sharing solid waste processing
equipment among four rural counties. Such a cooperative sharing agreement would
allow rural communities to obtain equipment that none could afford individually and also
would make more efficient use of the equipment by decreasing idle time. This final
report summarizes the decision-making process that led to the agreement to share a
compost windrow turner.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
See also: Recycling, Southwest Recycling; Creating a Regional Market.
* Pacific Northwest Policy Forum on Emerging Regional Solid Waste Issues. Briefing
Packet for Forum Participants. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, Ross & Associates,
November 1991.
EPA Region X commissioned a study to identify the policy implications of
increasing regionalization of landfill capacity in the Pacific Northwest. The briefing
packet is designed to prepare key regional policymakers for a November 1991 forum to
discuss issues emerging as a result of changes. It highlights important changes in the
region's municipal solid waste management; identifies public policy issues emerging as a
result; and provides relevant background information.
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Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
E. Siting
EIS Review Handbook; Municipal Solid Waste Facilities. San Francisco, CA: PRC
Environmental Management, Inc., August 1992.
This handbook is designed to assist individuals in reviewing Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS), as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), for
landfills, materials recovery facilities, and composting plants. The handbook provides a
detailed outline and discussion of the required components of an EIS, including the
proposed action and alternatives, affected resource and environmental consequences, and
potential mitigating measures. The handbook also discusses NEPA's relationship to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and
the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Region: IX
Contact: Christy Camp
Phone: (415) 744-2097
Nevada Rural Landfill Study-Landfill Inventory. Site Selection, and Detailed
Characterization; Phase I Report. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering, Inc., December
1991.
In response to the revised Federal landfill criteria, the Nevada Division of
Environmental Protection initiated a project to develop alternative performance-based
standards, which would satisfy the intent of the Federal criteria in a fiscally manageable
manner. The Phase I Report includes a comprehensive inventory and identification of
rural landfill sites and characteristics. The identified sites are categorized based on site-
specific criteria. Representative sites from each group were identified, and detailed
waste and soil characterizations were performed and included in this report.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
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Nevada Rural Landfill Study; Phase II Report. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering,
Inc., May 1992.
The aim of this report is to develop a multi-faceted program geared toward the
following goals: developing an assessment tool to predict the relative risk of adverse
environmental impacts posed by rural landfills; defining risk reduction alternatives
consistent with the compliance criteria of Subtitle D Regulations; identifying relative
costs of compliance under mandatory, flexible and small landfill exemption scenarios;
and discussing various management issues that may assist owners/operators in satisfying
compliance criteria. Phase II of the study applies a simplified risk assessment model,
based on the HELP II hydrogeologic model, to the representative sites identified in the
Phase I Report.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Risk Assessment Guidelines for Owners & Operators of Rural Municipal Solid Waste
Landfills. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering, Inc., June 1992.
This users guide will assist owners/operators of rural municipal solid waste
facilities in making decisions regarding the continued operation and management of
existing municipal landfill sites. This is to be used as an accompaniment to the detailed
technical Phase II Report listed above.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Sites for Our Solid Waste; A Guidebook for Effective Public Involvement. Washington,
D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of
Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, March 1990.
This guidebook presents a strategy for effectively resolving conflicts that might
present themselves during the siting process for new waste disposal facilities. Public
officials are the primary audience for this guidebook, but citizens and industry
professionals may benefit from it as well.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Tim Jones
Phone: (202) 260-7920
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IV. LAND DISPOSAL
Alternative Daily Cover Materials for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. San Francisco,
CA: PRC Environmental Management, Inc., June 1, 1992.
Federal regulations require that landfilled municipal solid waste be covered with
six inches of soil each day. However, some landfills lack adequate soil to meet these
requirements or need to preserve the capacity used up by these requirements. In such
cases they may turn to State regulatory agency approved alternative daily cover materials
(ADCMs) such as foam- or slurry-type products, geosysnthetic products, indigenous
materials, or shredded municipal solid waste. This report presents the findings of an
information search for the various materials that can be used in place of the six inches of
soil requirement. Benefits and drawbacks of each material are discussed, as well as
potential conditions required for each material. Twenty slides also are available with the
report.
Region: IX
Contact: Greg Wilmore
Phone: (415) 744-2093
DRASTIC Evaluation of Potential for Groundwater Pollution from Landfilling in Hart
County, Kentucky. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave Conservation Association,
Inc., July 1991.
The potential for ground-water pollution in a terrain can be predicted from an
assessment of its relevant variations in surface, subsurface, and hydrologic characteristics;
for example, depth to water, net recharge, rock type (aquifer media), soil properties,
slope of topography, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers. A standard procedure
for systematically evaluating these characteristics and mapping their distribution known
as DRASTIC was used to assess the potential for polluting ground water in Hart County.
The results of the study show that "ground water in all of Hart County is susceptible to
pollution. There are no sites in the county suitable for a landfill..."
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Hart County Solid Waste Management Plan. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave
Conservation Association, Inc., November 1990.
The plan describes existing solid waste management in the county and discusses
objectives of the plan that should be addressed by the county including: formation of
solid waste districts, location of suitable disposal sites, universal collection of solid waste,
reduction of illegal dumping, improved public attitudes and awareness, and increased
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recycling. The plan recommends that counties form solid waste management districts
and that their appointed solid waste management boards plan for solid waste
management and implement solutions.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Landfill Assessment and Closure Training Manual. Springfield, MA: Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Affairs, August 1991.
This manual is divided into two parts: technical guidance and administrative
guidance. The technical guidance section is intended for use by municipal officials,
consultants, landfill operators, and others involved in the planning, design, construction,
operation, maintenance, and monitoring of landfills. The manual may serve as a
standard reference document for landfill design, construction, and QA/QC activities.
Issues addressed in the first section include: ground-water protection and final cover
systems, construction certification, surface water management, environmental monitoring
programs, landfill assessments, and landfill risk assessments. The administrative
guidance section is meant to assist municipal officials, solid waste committee members,
and landfill owners/operators to prepare for assessment and final closure of sanitary
landfills. Issues addressed include: landfill assessment and closure costs, financing solid
waste assessment and closure, procuring contracting services, and integrated solid waste
management.
Region: I
Contact: Chuck Franks
Phone: (617) 573-9678
Learning to Live With Caves; Educational Programs. Horse Cave, KY: The American
Cave Association, Inc., November 1990.
This brochure describes common threats to ground water in karst areas, explains
what karst is, provides recycling facts, and outlines the caveland solid waste management
initiative.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Northeast Georgia Regional Solid Waste Management Plan. Athens, GA: Institute of
Community and Area Development, University of Georgia, September 1992.
This regional plan, developed for ten predominantly rural counties, is intended to meet
the planning requirements of the Georgia Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act
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of 1990. The report addresses the seven planning elements specified by the State and is
divided into four major sections: 1) inventory and assessment, 2) goals and needs, 3)
management options and preferred alternatives, and 4) implementation strategies. Each
section contains material presented from a regional perspective and information specific
to individual counties.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Poarch Creek Indians Solid Waste Management Plan. Mobile, AL: BCM Engineers,
September 1992.
The Solid Waste Management Plan was developed to provide guidance to the
Tribal government for meeting the present and future solid waste management needs of
the Tribe. The plan addresses current waste management practices, quantities, available
waste capacity, growth trends, and describes the regulatory framework into which the
plan must fit.
Region: IV
Contact: Sidney Harper
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Report on the Initial Investigation for the Proposed Reclamation of the Town of
Edinburgh Municipal Landfill. Saratoga County. N.Y.. New York, NY: US EPA Region
II, February 1990.
This is the final report of the landfill reclamation project, Tasks 1 and 2, in the
town of Edinburgh, New York.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
* Tohono O'odham Solid Waste Management Plan. Tucson, AZ: Tucson Area Indian
Health Service, Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, Office of Health
Program Research and Development, December 1992.
This report presents the recommended waste management plan developed by the
Department of Health and Human Service, Office of Health Program Research and
Development, Indian Health Service for the Tohono O'odham Nation. The report
presents the four alternative plans considered and discusses in detail the final
recommendation. The solid waste management program will be operated by the Tribe
and will serve all geographically accessible parts of the reservation. The waste will be
hauled off-site for disposal and all open dumps on site will be closed in conformance
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with RCRA. The plan will fund a position for one year that will focus on community
education. Recycling was not included in the plan because of low waste generation rates
and on-going recycling of aluminum cans. The plan was developed in conjunction with
tribal leaders who formed a Tribal Solid Waste Planning Committee that met with the
Indian Health Service on a monthly basis to develop the plan.
Region: IX
Contact: Julian Appel
Phone: (415) 744-2103
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V. RECYCLING
A. General
* A Report of the Evaluation of Dallas' Pilot Residential Curbside Recycling Program.
Dallas, TX: City of Dallas Department of Streets and Sanitation and The Oyekan Group
USA, Inc., October 1992.
This study provided the City of Dallas with an assessment of the pilot residential
recycling program conducted from December 10, 1990 to December 6, 1991. Based on
this assessment and assessments of recycling programs in other cities, the report provides
recommendations for a city-wide curbside residential recycling program. The report also
reviews the existing and possible future markets for recyclable materials in Dallas, and
evaluates the feasibility of recycling on a city-wide basis.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
Aluminum Can Recycling Program Summary Report for Sunbelt Agricultural
Exposition. Atlanta, GA: US EPA Region IV, Office of Solid Waste, November 1991.
This report summarizes planning and implementation of the first recycling
program to take place at the Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition, an event that attracted
about 250,000 people during the three days of activities in Moultrie, Georgia. This
program, the first "event" recycling program in Georgia, was a cooperative effort,
including the City of Moultrie, Expo planners, Reynolds Aluminum, Coca-Cola, and EPA
Region IV Office of Solid Waste. The report outlines the contributions of each
participating party, evaluates the program, and provides recommendations to improve the
program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
An Invitation to Recycle. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This thirty-second public service announcement features Coach Bill Curry
encouraging participation in the Lexington-Fayette curbside recycling program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Bay Area Reuse/Recycle Guide. San Francisco, CA: PRC Environmental Management,
Inc., April 1992.
This guide lists over 500 locations where Bay Area residents may take recoverable
products to be reused or recycled. The guide is organized by county with subheadings
for various recoverable/recyclable materials. An index is provided for easy identification
of recoverable products and facilities that accept these products.
Region: IX
Contact: Donna Orebic
Phone: (415) 744-2092
Citizens Guide-Recycling in Virginia. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Waste
Management, US EPA Region III, October 1990.
This workbook gives concerned citizens more information about the planning,
program, and implementation activities that Virginia has been undertaking to address the
waste problem and protect the environment and natural resources. The workbook also
includes ideas on how individuals can reduce waste and reuse items that otherwise might
be thrown away.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
* Current and Target Recovery Rates for Plastics Packaging in Oregon. Seattle, WA:
US EPA Region X and Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, October 1990.
This study focuses on the generation and recovery of post-consumer plastic
packaging manufactured from six common plastic resins. It includes information on
current recycling rates; economic, regulatory and technological trends; and collection and
processing costs. It also projects recovery rates by resin type by utilizing assumptions for
voluntary and regulatory changes in current Oregon plastics recovery programs. The
information is intended to help the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
identify potential recycling rates in order to promulgate rules on recent legislation.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
* Dallas Media Package. Dallas, TX: City of Dallas Department of Street and
Sanitation Services and Clean Dallas, Inc., 1992.
This media kit contains news releases and flyers from the City of Dallas
announcing the start of the City's curbside recycling program. It also contains a recycling
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guide for commercial and residential use, the City's Integrated Solid Waste Management
Plan, and a list of prices for recyclable materials.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
Decisionmaker's Guide to Recycling Plastics. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, April 1991.
The guide is designed to assist community decision makers in determining the
feasibility of plastics recycling by resin types. The guide outlines characteristics of
successful plastics recycling programs, policy considerations, market considerations, and
the pros and cons of different types of collection programs. Information also is
presented on determining what type of plastic to collect and how to collect it. It includes
data and worksheets for estimating the amount of material to be recovered, startup and
operating costs based on the type of recycling program, and a resource reduction listing
other sources of information on markets, program planning, and new developments in
plastics recycling.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Federal Recycling Programs Case Study: Henry M. Jackson Building. Seattle, WA: US
EPA Region X and General Services Administration, April 1991.
This case study documents the results of a recycling program in a Federal office
building in downtown Seattle and presents background on the waste audit and
implementation strategy. The results show how advantageous it can be to have custodial
staff and management vested in a recycling program. Their enthusiasm and hard work,
as well as the expertise of the recycling company, have made the program a success. The
study was drafted by EPA staff, with review and comment by GSA. The recycling
company, Smurfitt Recycling, provided up-to-date information. The waste audit and
implementation strategy were developed by Resource Integration Systems, Ltd. and
Science Applications International Corporation, under contract to EPA.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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Final Report On Battery Recycling Project. New York, NY: Environmental Action
Coalition (EAC), January 1991.
This report describes the state of waste battery markets, source reduction of
mercury in alkaline batteries, and EAC's Collection Program. The report discusses
region-specific issues that must be addressed when considering a battery recycling project
and also discusses general conclusions about battery recycling programs.
Region: II
Contact: David Savetsky
Phone: (212) 264-0547
Forgotten But Not Gone. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This video provides detailed instructions for proper curbside recycling as part of
the Lexington-Fayette curbside recycling "Rosie" program. The video also discusses
general landfill issues and yard waste composting.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Grass Roots Recycling. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This video discusses the benefits of home grass composting and provides
information on implementing such practices.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Hazardous Household Waste Guide. Austin, TX: Texas Water Commission, July 1992.
This guide provides information necessary for neighborhood groups interested in
orchestrating a household hazardous waste collection event. The brochures included in
the guide will assist in publicizing the event, storing and transporting collected household
hazardous waste, and finding a recycler for the waste.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
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* How-to-Recvcle at Federal Agencies Guide. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA and General
Services Administration (GSA), 1992.
EPA Region III, in cooperation with GSA, initiated an effort to assist the Federal
community in the implementation of source reduction and recycling programs. They
developed an information package, designed as a basic "How-To" guide, that provides the
materials and references necessary for any agency to begin source reducing and recycling.
Region: III
Contact: Sherri Becker
Phone: (215) 597-7938
INFORM's Special Report - Recycling Programs in Islip, New York, and Somerset
County. New York. New York, NY: US EPA Region II, 1991.
The Town of Islip and Somerset County have well established recycling programs
that have been in existence for more than five years. INFORM, an environmental
research organization, produced this report profiling waste volumes, solid waste
management facilities, administrative structures, and recycling goals in the two
communities. The report also describes waste collection and recycling enforcement
methods, and analyzes the effectiveness and economics of each program, as well as
providing findings and conclusions.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
Is Your Community Ready For Plastics?. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality, April 1991.
This fact sheet summarizes both the Decisionmaker's Guide to Recycling Plastics
and a background study of current plastics recovery rates in Oregon: Current and Target
Recovery Rates for Plastics Packaging in Oregon (see above for a description of the
Decisionmaker's Guide). The study will be used by the Department of Environmental
Quality to develop recommendations on effective recycling rates for plastic resins for the
years 1992 to 2000.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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King County Home Waste Guide; A home tour through the world of waste reduction and
recycling. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and King County Solid Waste Division,
February 1990.
The purpose of the Home Waste Guide is to inform residents about waste
reduction and recycling opportunities at home. The guide will take you on a tour around
the home in the form of a simple and informative quiz. The guide also includes a
Resource Catalog that provides a list of resources to contact for additional waste
reduction information, and the Waste Reducer's Checklist that contains practical
suggestions to reduce, reuse, recycle or compost everyday waste.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Let's Make A Difference. Aurora, CO: City of Aurora, Colorado, 1992. (Video)
This video, produced in the style of a television game show, emphasizes plastics
recycling and ways individuals can contribute to plastics recycling and to the development
of markets for recovered plastics. The city also produced a companion brochure that
tests knowledge gained from the video.
Region: XIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Local Government Recycling Guide for Iowa Communities. Des Moines, IA: Iowa
Department of Natural Resources, December 1990.
This 282-page handbook is designed to assist city, county and regional planners
with evaluating various recycling alternatives to manage solid wastes. The chapter titles
reflect the contents and approach of this hands-on, how-to manual: What is recycling
and why recycle?; What is recyclable?; Before Starting a Program, What Information is
Needed?; Markets and Marketing; Recycling Programs - What are the Options?; What
are Recycling Costs and Financing Options?; Permits and Comprehensive Planning
Requirements; Public Involvement and Education; Worksheets; and Resources.
Region: VII
Contact: David Flora
Phone: (913) 551-7523
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Model Recycling Plan and Program Guidelines for Local Jurisdictions. San Diego, CA:
San Diego Association of Governments, July 1990.
This document incorporates Federal, state and local solid waste and recycling
mandates, policies and guidelines. It provides one example of a comprehensive approach
to recycling planning and programming in the context of the State of California and San
Diego region's legislative, political, environmental and economic situation. The
guidelines are based on two important premises: local government recycling plans and
programming efforts must be coordinated on an area-wide basis to be fully effective, and
recycling must be approached in the context of total integrated solid waste management,
with recycling and source reduction as the top priorities. Also included is a matrix of the
recycling activities-local jurisdiction plans, programs and facilities-of 19 local
governments in the San Diego area.
Region: IX
Contact: David Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2095
* North American Newsprint Industry; Transitions to Recycling. Boston, MA: Northeast
Recycling Council, September 1992.
The Northeast Recycling Council conducts on-going research on the demand for
old newsprint and old magazines. This report presents the current and projected
demands for ONP and OMG, the ability to meet the demand based on the state
agreements with newspaper publishers in the Northeast Region, and trends and factors
affecting the industry.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
Office Paper Recycling; An Implementation Manual. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, January 1990.
This manual is designed to assist Federal agencies in planning, implementing, and
promoting a high-grade office paper recovery program. This manual should be useful to
anyone planning an office paper recycling program, including state and local government
agencies, commercial businesses and other private organizations.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Terry Grist
Phone: (202) 260-9718
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Office Recycling Handbook. Chicago, IL: US EPA, Office of Solid Waste Management
and General Services Administration, June 1990.
This manual has been designed for the facility or office manager who has
accepted the responsibility to improve the environment by making the conversion of
office trash to recovered resource a success.
Region: V
Contact: Jay Berfamini
Phone: (312) 886-7598
Office Recycling Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III and General Services
Administration Region III, February 1991.
This handbook is meant to evoke thought and provide assistance toward initiating
a recycling program in offices. The handbook also outlines methods to develop an
effective program. The methods presented can be adopted by any office, including
Federal and State agencies as well as private companies. In addition, a glossary of
contacts and publications, which may be useful in program development, is provided.
Included as appendices are several forms useful as tools to define the scope of your
recycling program to help determine the benefits companies will derive from recycling.
Region: III
Contact: Theresa Martella
Phone: (215) 597-7936
Once Is Not Enough! and Reduce. Reuse, Recycle!. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region
III. (Posters)
Region III has produced two posters promoting the theme of reduce, reuse,
recycle. Both posters contain examples of measures employees can take to conserve
energy and resources. A companion brochure discussing the same source reduction
themes is also available.
Region: III
Contact: Theresa Bickel Martella
Phone: (215) 597-3164
Post Office Recycling Poster. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, November 1990. (Poster)
EPA developed this poster to promote recycling of unwanted mail.
Region: X
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Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
* Reciclando el Aceite Usado; 10 Pasos para Cambiar el Aceite de su Auto. Dallas, TX:
U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste, June 1989.
This brochure explains in Spanish the environmental benefits of recycling used oil
and provides tips on changing automobile oil and how to return used oil for recycling for
individuals changing their own oil.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
* Recycled Papers; The Essential Guide. Boston, MA: American Institute of Graphic
Arts, 1992.
Funding from EPA Region I, the National Endowment for the Arts, private
foundations, and corporate donors was used to develop, print, and distribute a guidebook
on recycled papers for printing. The guide is directed toward designers, specifiers, and
purchasers of paper for printing. It discusses the history of papermaking, how recycled
papers are made, and the characteristics of recycled papers. The guide also covers
available source reduction and recycling opportunities for designers and others in the
industry.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
Recycling Guidelines; Retrofitting Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Facilities
for the Collection and Storage of Recyclable Materials. San Diego, CA: San Diego
Association of Governments, June 1990.
This report establishes guidelines for changing the design, construction, or
equipment of recycling systems in existing facilities to incorporate later improvements.
These guidelines are intended to be used by both local governments and commercial
building owners/operators for the development of recycling systems in existing facilities.
An overview of commercial recycling retrofit issues is discussed and details by type of
material to be recycled are presented.
Region: IX
Contact: David Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2095
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Recycling in Federal Agencies. Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of
Solid Waste, October 1990.
This pamphlet describes successful and innovative recycling programs that have
been initiated in the Federal government, and lists resources available to Federal
agencies.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Terry Grist
Phone: (202) 260-9718
Recycling Nontraditional Materials: A Resource Guide to New Technology Options.
Rochester, NY: Center for Environmental Information, Inc., 1991.
This manual organizes background material, research in progress, and
technological advances in the recycling of nontraditional materials such as plastics, tires,
batteries, oil, and household hazardous wastes. In addition, government and industry
contacts are listed, and a bibliography is provided for each material.
The information presented in this manual should be useful to decision makers
including local government officials and administrators, recycling coordinators, regional
planners, economic development representatives, consultants, and secondary materials
managers and marketers.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
Recycling Plan: 1990-1994. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County
Government, July 1990.
The Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government has adopted a four year 25%
recycling strategy. This strategy is composed of the following: curbside residential
"Rosie" program (13%), a voluntary "Corporate Commitment" program (10%), municipal
collection of recyclables in the downtown night time collection route (1%), and
municipal collection of recyclables at schools and apartment complexes (1%). These
programs are detailed in the Recycling Plan.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Recycling Office Waste Paper; A Step bv Step Guide. Denver, CO: US EPA Region
VIII and Colorado Office of Energy Conservation, April 1990.
This guide explains the process for establishing a cost efficient and
environmentally responsible recycling program. Included are sample questionnaires,
worksheets, waste audit forms and promotional materials. It is designed to provide the
basis for a successful collection program.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 330-1667
Regional Recycling Report. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III.
The Regional Recycling Report is intended to facilitate the exchange of
information about recycling programs and activities in the EPA Region III Office and
the Region III States. The primary audience is Federal and state recycling personnel.
The initial plan is to publish two issues per year-one in the Spring and one in the Fall.
Additional, "special" editions may be published as the need arises.
Region: III
Contact: Dave Newton
Phone: (215) 597-6197
Restaurant and Bar Glass Recycling. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Environmental
Affairs, 1992.
This report documents the City of Boulder's pilot bar and restaurant glass
recycling program. The purpose of this program was to assess the economic feasibility of
commercial glass recycling locally and in the Rocky Mountain region. The report
discusses the specific issues that a community needs to consider before launching a
commercial glass collection program, including markets, customers, and methods of
collection.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Rosie Recycling Project 1990 Follow-Up Survey. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette
County Department of Public Works, June 6, 1990.
This report looks at changes over time in both attitudes toward recycling and
changes in behavior prompted by participation in a curbside program. In the summer of
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1989, a survey was conducted in four Lexington-Fayette neighborhoods prior to
implementation of the Department of Public Work's pilot curbside recycling project. In
March of 1990, a similar survey was conducted of the same people after nearly nine
months involvement in the pilot program. This report analyzes the results of both
surveys.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Scrap Tire Consumption. Boston, MA: US EPA Region I, November 1990.
The paper describes the current pattern of scrap tire use and disposal in New
England and New Jersey, and the changes expected in the near future. In the course of
this description, various economic, regulatory and other factors emerge as significant
forces shaping the consumption and disposal pattern. The concluding sections highlight
some of these factors and identify policy options available to increase scrap tire
consumption in the region.
Region: I
Contact: Ron Jennings
Phone: (617) 833-1656
Seattle's Road To Recovery. Seattle, WA: Seattle Solid Waste Utility, 1992.
Seattle's Road To Recovery is a packet of eleven brochures on facets of Seattle's
comprehensive waste management strategy. The inserts discuss such topics as yard waste
composting, recycling potential assessment models, waste reduction, variable rate
structures, landfill closure, and garbage by rail. Background data is provided for each
topic followed by a description of the relevant Seattle program. Targeted audiences are
the general public, educators, and state and local officials responsible for solid waste
management.
Region: X
Contact: Fran Stefan
Phone: (206) 553-6639
Study Paper on Local Government Implementation Strategies for Non-Residential
Recycling Programs. San Diego, CA: San Diego Association of Governments, June
1990.
This document presents information and concepts needed for an issue paper that
will assist the San Diego Association of Governments in preparation of a report on
alternative implementation strategies for commercial, industrial, and institutional
recycling. The document includes: an overview of refuse industry predispositions, a
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series of program alternatives, and a graphic presentation of overview concepts. The
purpose of the issue paper is to facilitate increased recycling by non-residential
generators.
Region: IX
Contact: David Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2095
Suffolk County Business and Institution Guide to Recycling. Hauppauge, NY: County
of Suffolk and Cornell Cooperative Extension, November 1991.
This guide provides a 13-step process for planning and implementing a business
recycling program. Since different types of businesses have different disposal needs, the
guide highlights specific areas such as food service establishments and health care
facilities. The guide also discusses options for small generators and uses of waste
exchanges and databases.
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
* The Waste Watcher. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and US General Services
Administration (GSA), October 1992.
This bulletin is a result of the partnership between EPA and GSA to help Federal
recyclers, waste management personnel, and purchasing officers in the Pacific Northwest
comply with Executive Order 12780. The first issue includes articles, case studies, and
resource and contact lists regarding source reduction, buying recycled products, and
recycling. An enrollment form for a free workshop on these topics also is included.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Used Oil Recycling. Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste,
1990.
This newsletter describes successful used oil recycling programs around the
country, provides statistics on used oil recycling, and lists available materials related to
used oil recycling. The newsletter is published on a periodic basis.
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Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Kim Carr
Phone: (202) 260-7600
B. Market Development/Procurement
A Preliminary Analysis of the Feasibility of Markets for Secondary Fiber Within EPA
Region VIII. Golden, CO: Mineral Economics Department, Colorado School of Mines,
November 4, 1991.
This analysis looks at four manufacturing processes in which secondary paper and
paperboard fiber could be used. These processes are: manufacturing of standard paper
products and molded paper products, dry process products, and biomass conversion. The
report also analyzes the feasibility of each within the geographic and demographic
confines for Region VIII. The report recommends dry process manufacturing as the
most practical for Region VIII. Molded pulp processes also may be feasible; and
biomass conversion could be an alternative in the future. The study recommends an
integrated approach that would include indirect tax policies, education programs, and
technical support to increase paper recycling.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* An Examination of Markets for Locally Recycled Materials in Northern California.
Oakland, CA: Association of Bay Area Governments, December 1992.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting demand for
recycled materials, and hence price of the materials. The discussion addresses economic
factors, non-economic factors such as psychological and technical considerations,
government intervention in markets, and potential incentives to assist market
development. The report also includes an in-depth analysis of supply of and demand for
recovered plastic and paper in Northern California. The final section of the report
includes recommendations to improve markets for recycled products. Recommendations
include life-cycle accounting, price preferences for recycled products, minimum content
standards, refining design techniques to incorporate more recycled content in packaging,
and tax credits to manufacturers using recycled products.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
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California BUYS Recycled: A Survey of Local Government Policies for the Procurement of
Recycled Products. Sacramento, CA: Local Government Commission, April 1992.
California Buys Recycled compiles local government recycled products
procurement programs in California. These are complemented by comments on the
effectiveness of each program. The guide also contains information relative to
California's recycled product requirements and the Local Government Commission's
model products procurement ordinance for local governments.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
* Care for Your World; Buy Recycled. New Orleans, LA: University of New Orleans
Urban Waste Management and Research Center, July 1992.
This guidebook is designed to provide purchasing officials with practical
information about recycled materials, guidelines for procuring recycled materials,
resources for more information, and a glossary of recycling terms. The information
presented can be used by anyone, whether purchasing for a government agency or
private organization.
Region: XI
Contact: Becky Weber
Phone: (214) 655-6760
Closing the Loop-Purchasing Recycled Paper; A Guide for Purchasing Officials.
Chicago, IL: US EPA Region V, May 1991.
This handbook provides practical information and guidelines for purchasing
recycled paper products. Instructions are given for determining needs, purchasing the
products, and monitoring user acceptance. The handbook includes helpful Appendices
on Federal and State contracts, recycling and paper industry publications, Federal
content standards, and recycled paper performance tests.
Region: V
Contact: Andrew Tschampa
Phone: (312) 886-0976
* Construction Applications for Secondary Materials. Boston, MA: Northeast Recycling
Council, April 1993.
The Northeast Recycling Council compiled information on the current and
potential use of secondary materials in State Department of Transportation construction
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projects in the Northeast. This information includes state and Federal specifications, and
evaluations of construction materials with recycled content.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
* Developing Markets for Recycling Multiple Grades of Residential Paper. Boston, MA:
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), September 1992.
This study, conducted by EDF for the Northeast Recycling Council, examines the
composition and generation of residential mixed paper, the paper manufacturing process,
sorting, deinking and stock preparation, and the potential markets for sorted mixed
paper grades in different paper markets. Markets include paperboard, construction
board, packaging, and agricultural products. A final chapter details the Federal virgin
materials policy and its effects on recycled paper products manufacturing. The Northeast
Recycling Council conducted a workshop on the basis of this study and is implementing
some of the recommendations from the report, including a project with the Direct
Marketing Association.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
* EnviroSouth; Annual Report. Montgomery, AL: EnviroSouth, Inc., 1992.
EnviroSouth, under a cooperative agreement with EPA Region IV, has developed
a Recycling Market Council in phases over a three year period. The Regional Market
Council, developed as a public-private partnership with industry, is intended to provide a
major strategy for EPA's implementation of the Agenda for Action-a. program to reduce
the nation's municipal solid waste stream 25 percent through source reduction and
recycling.
This report is divided into two parts. The first section describes the three phases
of EnviroSouth's development and a summary of material requests to the materials
exchange program. The second section is a Recycler's Market Exchange Directory,
listing companies throughout the South that will accept materials for recycling.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Federal Recycling and Procurement Information Packet. Denver, CO: US EPA Region
VIII, 1992.
This packet, developed in conjunction with the Denver Federal Executive Board,
General Purchasing Office, and General Services Administration (GSA), emphasizes the
importance of government agencies developing recycling programs and purchasing
products that contain recycled content. The packet provides information on starting
recycling programs, RCRA requirements, and additional sources of information. Other
enclosures include Recycled Products Guide, Colorado Office of Energy Conservation;
Your Recycled Paper Procurement Guide, Boulder Energy Conservation Center; and
Procurement Guidelines for Government Agencies, US EPA, December 1990.
Region: XIII
Contact: Brian Rimar
Phone: (303) 293-1673
* Guide to Supply Contracts for Recyclables. Boston, MA: Northeast Recycling Council,
Council of State Governments, April 1993.
This guide provides assistance to municipal solid waste managers in the relatively
new area of signing contracts for their collected recyclables. The guide provides a
general overview of contracts and then in-depth discussions of the various obligations,
such as material quality, quality control, transportation, quantity, price, and term. The
Administrative Details chapter discusses payment terms, invoicing, transfer of funds, and
bill of lading/shipping documentation. The final chapter outlines legal details, such as
force majeure, security issues and default, dispute resolution, and damages.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
Hawaii Procurement Rules Preparation: Volume I. San Francisco, CA: PRC
Environmental Management, March 1992.
This report summarizes procurement programs in six states and provides
recommendations for developing procurement rules based on analysis of these programs.
Recommendations include: a price preference of 10% for all products made with
recycled content, an allowance for Invitations for Bids that specify recycled products only,
application of life cycle cost analysis as a preference tool, an initial focus on readily
available recycled products, cooperative purchasing agreements between state and local
governments, and development of a technical assistance outreach program.
Region: IX
Contact: Greg Wilmore
Phone: (415) 744-2093
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Information Database for Developing Markets for Secondary Glass Gullet. Seattle, WA:
Washington State Department of Trade and Economic Development, Clean Washington
Center, 1992.
The Washington State Department of Trade and Economic Development's Clean
Washington Center has compiled a database to assist in developing markets for
secondary glass cullet. The purpose of this data base is to help identify local high value
markets and to educate potential end users of the various uses of recovered cullet.
Database searches can be tailored to individual requestors needs.
The database consists of two basic components: an application database and a
literature database. The application database, containing information on sixty different
applications, includes such information as feedstock requirements, relevant cullet
properties, qualitative assessments of the recycled products performance, cost and
economic assessments, and future market development potential. The literature
database includes specifications, laboratory reports, academic and trade articles,
corporate literature, and government reports.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
* Information on Small Export-Based Manufacturing Businesses. San Francisco, CA:
Gainer and Associates, March 1993.
This report was prepared based on interviews conducted by the Arcata
Community Recycling Center (ACRC) with entrepreneurs on California's rural North
Coast to get advice on early development strategies for starting ACRC's recycled pressed
glass tiles business. The report provides a quick lesson on the issues that small
manufacturing businesses must address before going into production. The report
includes information on business start-up and basic organizational structure, financing
and capitalization, marketing and distribution, shipping and transportation, employee
incentives and pay structures, and use of recycled materials.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
* Market-Based Planning and Implementation Guide for Local Recycling Programs.
Boston, MA: Northeast Recycling Council, September 1992.
This report presents the results of a study of waste stream assessments and target
specifications. The report provides local recycling program directors with a planning
process, based on target market specifications, to use in planning their recycling
programs.
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Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
Market Development in Recycling for the State of Colorado. Denver, CO: US EPA
Region VIII, Colorado Office of Energy Conservation, June 1990.
This report examines current and projected market conditions for paper,
aluminum, PET plastic and glass. The report also identifies barriers to recycling within
the State of Colorado.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Market Potential for Office Waste Paper in the Northeast. Boston, MA: Jaakko Poyry
Consultants, September 1991.
This report, conducted for the Northeast Recycling Council, presents definitions
and technical aspects of office waste paper, including supply, demand, supply/demand
projections to the year 2000, target users, and deinking economics. The Northeast
Recycling Council conducted a workshop on the basis of this study and is implementing
some to the recommendations made in the report.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
Marketing Waste Paper; A Recycling Coordinator's Handbook. Chicago, IL: US EPA
Region V, May 1991.
This handbook is designed to facilitate information exchange between waste paper
recyclers and markets in the Midwest. The handbook provides information on different
grades of waste paper, the waste paper conversion process, and end user markets and
their products. Additionally, the handbook discusses marketing, pricing and
transportation options, and provides a summary of the process of marketing waste paper.
The extensive appendices provide information on markets, dealers, equipment, and
contacts.
Region: V
Contact: Andrew Tschampa
Phone: (312) 886-0976
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Our Regional Recvclers Market Exchange Puts Your Recyclables on the Market.
Montgomery, AL: EnviroSouth, Inc., July 1991.
This brochure describes how the Southeast Recyclers Market Exchange functions
as a comprehensive listing and cross-reference to enable dealers/processors,
manufacturers and brokers access to local government's recyclable material.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Procurement Guidelines for Government Agencies. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, December 1990.
This four-page fact sheet explains EPA's procurement guidelines, to whom the
guidelines apply, and what requirements must be followed.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Beverly Goldblatt
Phone: (202) 260-7932
* Recycling Markets Primer. Philadelphia, PA: U.S. EPA Region III, 1993.
The Recycling Markets Primer is a comprehensive booklet explaining the nature
and types of markets for common recyclables; the process of marketing recyclables,
including the various options and documents; and economic incentives used to develop
(expand/strengthen) markets. The primer is intended for distribution to states and
municipalities throughout the Region.
Region: III
Contact: Dave Newton
Phone: (215) 597-6197
* Recycled Products Primer. Philadelphia, PA: U.S. EPA Region III, 1993.
This publication explains how governments and others can procure recycled
products. Topics include definitions/terminology, sources of recycled products, elements
of an affirmative procurement program, information about minimum content standards,
and suggestions for cooperative procurement arrangements. The primer is intended for
distribution to states, municipalities, institutions, and corporations throughout the
Region.
Region: III
Contact: Dave Newton
Phone: (215) 597-6197
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RecvcleLink/Year 1 Report. San Francisco, CA: US EPA Region IX, October 1991.
RecycleLink is a computer network that includes a bulletin board and an on-line
version of the Official Recycled Products Guide. It is used primarily by local
governments. The RecycleLink project is an effort to promote and assist local
governments in California in buying recycled products, i.e., products manufactured with
recycled materials.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
Recycling Markets Development Conference; Closing the Loop in the Washington
Region. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III, October 1990.
Region III created this brochure announcing its sponsorship of the October 1990
recycling markets development conference offered by the Metropolitan Washington
Council of Governments.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
* Recycling Market Development in the South. Atlanta, GA: Southern Legislative
Conference (SLC), Council of State Governments, 1993.
This report provides an overview of recycling market development activities in the
fifteen SLC member states. A state-by-state summary is given, each of which includes: 1)
legislation and policies designed to impact market development; 2) brief summaries of
key market development programs; 3) major impediments to market development; 4)
recommendations for overcoming these barriers; and 5) information sources. This
information either is extracted from materials provided by various state entities or based
on remarks made by market development personnel from each state during a March 20,
1993 meeting on " Strategic Instruments for Market Development."
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Small-Scale Manufacturing With Recycled Glass Gullet: A Rural Demonstration Project.
Arcata, CA: Arcata Community Recycling Center, Inc., 1992.
This handbook represents the culmination of a three-year study investigating the
technological and economic feasibility of local small-scale manufacturing with recycled
materials. The study considered the supply of recycled materials, technical feasibility,
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capital and operating costs, environmental impacts and mitigation costs, product
marketability, and potential benefits to the local community. The study concludes that
recycled glass cullet has the greatest potential as a viable business on the North Coast of
California.
The handbook also provides a decision-making model for other areas interested in
investigating or starting a recycling manufacturing enterprise. The model includes steps
for developing a feasibility study and business plan, and planning for and conducting
market research analysis.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
Southeast Recycling Market Council-Phase II Report and Recvcler Market Directory
with Sample Reports. Montgomery, AL: US EPA Region IV and EnviroSouth, Inc.,
October 1990 - September 1991.
During Phase II, EnviroSouth continued to update the Southeast Recyclers
Market Exchange and provide market information to interested parties. An advertising
campaign was initiated to increase use of the Exchange. The Market Council continued
to meet quarterly, but began focusing on providing commodity-specific updates on
markets and market expansion projects in the Region. This information was compiled
and published as a quarterly "Recyclers Market News." The Council also developed
several policy position papers which were shared with legislative leaders in the Southeast.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Southeast Recycling Market Council; What, Why, and Who?. Montgomery, AL:
Southeast Recyclers Market Exchange, July 1991.
This brochure describes the origin, operation, and function of the Southeast
Recycling Market Council. The Council consists of recycling industry officials, as well as
public representatives.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Southwest Recycling: Creating a Regional Market. Tucson, AZ: US EPA Regions VIII
and IX and the Udall Center for Public Policy Studies at the University of Arizona,
January 1991.
This detailed briefing book was prepared for a conference organized by several
southwestern cities, including Tucson, Mesa, Phoenix, and Salt Lake City. At the
conference, participants achieved the objective of forming a recycling coalition to
improve market and price stability in a part of the country where it is sorely lacking.
Members are now drafting a "compact" for the Southwest Regional Recycling
Association.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Southwest Public Recycling Association; A Cooperative Model. Tucson, AZ: Southwest
Public Recycling Association, March 1993.
The Southwest Public Recycling Association (SPRA) was established in 1991 to
create cooperative market development and employment opportunities for Arizona and
Nevada. The organization has since expanded its territory to include Colorado, Utah,
and Texas. This report presents a "how to" guide for developing cooperative markets for
secondary materials within the southwestern states. The report discusses briefly how
SPRA can assist in program development for recycling, economic development programs,
"buy recycled" procurement programs, and cooperative marketing programs.
Region: IX
Contact: David Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2095
* Study of Markets for Post-Consumer Plastics for the Northeast Recycling Council.
Boston, MA: R.W. Beck and Associates, February 1992.
This report covers the markets for seven post-consumer plastic resins: polyvinyl
chloride, polypropylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low
density polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The report examines
the generation and supply of durable and non-durable products, collection, sales,
economics of sorting, end-use markets and plastics available for recovery. The Northeast
Recycling Council conducted a workshop on the basis of this study and will be
implementing some of the recommendations from the report.
Region: I
Contact: Cynthia Greene
Phone: (617) 223-5531
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State and Local Government Purchasing. Washington, D.C.: National Association of
State Purchasing Officials, 1992.
The National Association of State Purchasing Officials prepared this handout for
distribution at the June 1992 "Buy Recycled Products Trade Fair and Showcase." The
handout summarizes information regarding State preference laws and regarding the
performance of various environmental issues related to recycling and procurement.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
State Purchasing Contact Manual: A Resource for Vendors. Washington, B.C.: National
Association of State Purchasing Officials, June 1992.
This manual was prepared to assist vendors in initiating business with state
governments. Detailed information is provided for all 50 states and the American
Territories, indicating whether the state publishes a vendor guide, whether it charges a
vendor registration fee, whether it has a set-aside program, the criteria for getting on the
bidder's mailing list, and how vendors must define their commodities.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
State Recycling Market Council-Phase I Report and Recycler Market Directory with
Sample Reports. Montgomery, AL: US EPA Region IV, EnviroSouth, Inc., October
1989 - September 1990.
During Phase I, a Market Council was established and a recycling market
database created for Region IV's eight-state area. The Council, comprised of recycling
industry officials and public representatives, assisted in developing the format and
obtaining listings for the market database. The database, known as the Southeast
Recyclers Market Exchange, contains listings of brokers, dealers/processors, and end
users of recovered materials. EnviroSouth, Inc. maintains the database and provides
market information to any interested parties, including local governments seeking
markets for their recovered materials.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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* The Business and Government Buyers Guide to Recycled Products. Sacramento, CA:
Californians Against Waste Foundation, 1992.
This guide is a useful resource for starting a recycled product procurement
program at a government agency or private business. The guide contains information on
the "Buy Recycled" campaign and the ingredients for a successful procurement program.
The binder also contains a lengthy section listing vendors of post-consumer recycled
content products as well as additional resources for information on office recycling and
procurement programs.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
The Path of Recycled Plastics From the Greater Boston Area: Fall 1991. Boston, MA:
The Northeastern University American Society of Civil Engineers' Student Chapter
Recycling Committee, April 17, 1992.
This report identifies all plastic recycling programs in the Greater Boston Area,
their locations, the quantity of plastic material recovered in each program, the
intermediaries who prepare and/or sell the recovered plastics, and the reprocessors who
use the recovered plastics in the manufacture of new products. Given the volatility of
recovered plastic markets, this report may be a useful guide to those attempting to
develop markets or recycling programs.
Region: I
Contact: Connie Dewire
Phone: (617) 573-5719
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VI. SOURCE REDUCTION
Adventures in Trash; A Newsletter on Waste Reduction. Greensboro, NC: City of
Greensboro, August 1991.
This newsletter introduces the City's Source Reduction Project to residents in the
pilot neighborhood and focuses on junk mail. Future issues will update residents on the
project's development and will include information on other source reduction subjects
such as disposable household goods and yard waste.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Business Waste Reduction and Recycling Handbook. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X
and King County Solid Waste Division, March 1991.
This handbook is designed to provide businesses with the resources they need to
start reducing and recycling their waste. The handbook is arranged in three sections:
Designing Your Program, Reducing Your Waste, and Buying Recycled Products.
Information also is provided about a wide range of recycling services and equipment
available to King County businesses.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Don't Throw It Awav. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, WDOE and King 5 Television,
April 1991. (Video)
This 15-minute video is targeted to the employee or manager of any business,
giving tips and information regarding waste reduction, buying recycled products, and
recycling. Using a humorous game show format, it provides information that can be
easily and quickly implemented by any employee. The video's dynamic format and its
environmental message are also suitable for audiences such as middle or high school
students, community groups, etc. State and local governments, EPA and business
organizations envision using the video as an ice-breaker at workshops, loaning it to
businesses and other organizations, and airing it continuously at events such as the
Western Washington State Fair.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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* Environmental Shopping Brochure. Philadelphia, PA: The Pennsylvania Resources
Council, 1992.
The Pennsylvania Resources Council, under a grant from Region III and with the
RCRA Solid Waste Program Staffs assistance, designed an easy-to-read, illustrated,
environmental shopping brochure to assist consumers in making environmentally-sound
shopping choices.
Region: III
Contact: Sherri Becker
Phone: (215) 597-7938
Environmentally Friendly Shopping; A Consumer Education Demonstration Project.
Hauppauge, NY: Cornell Cooperative Extension, 1992.
This study investigates consumer behavior in the selection of products with
reduced packaging. Two hundred twenty-one randomly selected individuals shopping at
six pre-selected supermarkets were interviewed using a questionnaire, and fifty families
were recruited and given training on how to evaluate and select packaging that is
friendlier to the environment. They kept diaries of purchases, documented by register
tape, over an eight-week period. Then, they completed a self-administered
questionnaire. The results show that education can make a difference in helping
individuals reduce the amount of trash they generate and release into the waste stream.
Attachments to the report include: Environmental Shopping: How to Make Shopping
Decisions That Save Disposal Capacity, Cornell Waste Management Institute; and Plastics
Recycling Has Long Way To Go, Cornell Waste Management Institute, September 1991.
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
Getting at the Source; Strategies for Reducing Municipal Solid Waste (Executive
Summary). Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, World
Wildlife Fund, and Conservation Foundation, 1991.
This 19-page summary of the Final Report of the Strategies for Source Reduction
Steering Committee (available from WWF Publications, PO Box 4866 Hampden PO,
Baltimore, MD 21211) briefly addresses the topics for the final report which include: the
emergence of source reduction, evaluation opportunities for source reduction, and
selected strategies to encourage source reduction. Included are specific tools to assist in
evaluating source reduction, such as screening criteria for selecting options, a checklist of
options, evaluation questions for selecting options, and obstacles to options.
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Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Lynda Wynn
Phone: (202) 260-0700
How the Waste Was Won. Denver, CO: US EPA Region VIII and Colorado Office of
Energy Conservation, July 1990. (Video)
This 12-minute video was developed to educate the public about the solid waste
problem in the West. The video explains the landfill problem and the need for
reduction, recycling, and composting. It presents consumer actions, including buying in
bulk, and avoiding excess packaging and disposables. It describes the recycling "loop"
including collecting materials, manufacturing new products, and buying recycled goods.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Policy is Made at Home; The Home Waste Survey and Waste Reduction Products: The
View From Two Neighborhoods. Minneapolis, MN: US EPA Region V and Lilias Jones,
EcoSolutions, Inc., July 1992.
The Home Waste Survey Project developed an in-home waste reduction technique
and tested it in 100 households. A follow-up questionnaire on the use of waste-reducing
products also was developed. These two reports summarize the results of the Survey and
questionnaire. The results indicate that the Waste Survey technique was successful in
reducing the waste generated by the majority of the participating households. The
results also provide insights on the design of public education on waste issues, the
marketing of environmentally beneficial products and practices, the measurement of
source reduction, and remaining research needs.
Region: V
Contact: Susan Mooney
Telephone: (312) 886-3585
Precvcle. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, Office of Environmental Affairs, 1991.
The City of Boulder's Office of Environmental Affairs (OEA) developed a short-
term, in-store campaign designed to increase consumer awareness of excess packaging
used in goods found in local grocery stores. The program's ultimate aim was to reduce
the amount of wasteful packaging purchased in area stores. The Precycle program
involved labeling various products in area grocery stores as recyclable, recycled or
minimally packaged. The awareness campaign also included in-store signs, employee
buttons, and information booths.
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The final report contains five detailed recommendations for the implementation
of long-term precycle programs. The OEA also developed a methodology utilizing
consumer surveys and product tallies to evaluate the success of long-term programs.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Proceedings of the First National Environmental Shopping Conference. Philadelphia,
PA: US EPA Region III and Pennsylvania Resources Council, March 1991.
Environmentalists, food industry representatives, government regulators, and
academics present and discuss their ideas regarding environmental shopping. Topics
discussed include: packaging and the environment, pollution prevention, understanding
the green consumer, degradability, reducing packaging and product integrity, comparing
state legislative solutions, the use and abuse of seals of approval, and the green
consumer in Europe.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
Reducing Waste in Your Business. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, Washington State
Department of Ecology, Winter 1990.
This publication discusses the importance of reducing waste as an individual and
as a business. The brochure lists vendors of recycled products in the Northwest and lists
contacts for business owners who may want to develop a waste reduction/recycling
program.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Solid Waste Reduction Education Program: Evaluation Reports No. 1 and No. 2.
Greensboro, NC: City of Greensboro, September 1991.
Greensboro's source reduction education program has two target audiences: a
pilot residential area of about 1000 households and voluntary participants of the business
community. Reports No. 1 and No. 2 provide the results of awareness and attitude
surveys conducted in the residential area and the business community, respectively.
These surveys were conducted prior to implementing the education program, and similar
surveys will be conducted after implementation to measure the effectiveness of the
program in changing citizen and business attitudes and behaviors.
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Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Solid Waste; Source Reduction Education Program. Greensboro, NC: City of
Greensboro Environmental Programs Division, 1993.
This report summarizes Greensboro's pilot project to measure the impact of
source reduction education on the awareness and action of two distinct groups: 1) a
residential neighborhood of 945 single-family dwellings and 2) the business community.
The residential education program consisted of a monthly newsletter mailed to each
household and neighborhood meetings. Education of the business community consisted
of articles in the monthly Chamber of Commerce newsletter and a series of five
workshops. Results of both programs were evaluated through before and after surveys.
In addition, before and after waste characterization studies of the pilot residential
neighborhood showed a statistically significant reduction in the solid waste generated.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Starting a Materials Donation Program; A Step-By-Step Guide. New York, NY: New
York City Department of Cultural Affairs/Department of Sanitation, May 1993.
This guide provides information on the management, planning, financial
development, marketing, and promotion of a materials donation program. Although
originally developed for the arts community, implementation of this type of program can
provide valuable material, that otherwise might have been discarded, to various
community sectors such as social service organizations and educational facilities.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
Unit Pricing; Providing an Incentive to Reduce Municipal Solid Waste. Washington,
D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, February 1991.
This 12-page brochure briefly addresses what unit pricing is, how it works, what its
benefits are, and its implementation. The roles of source reduction and recycling and
how communities perceive unit pricing programs are addressed. The final section
provides sources of more information.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Lynda Wynn
Phone: (202) 260-0700
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Waste Reduction for Ohio's Business and Industry. Columbus, OH: Ohio Department
of Natural Resources, Ohio Technology Transfer Organizations, 1991.
This guide is intended to acquaint business managers with waste reduction, reuse,
and recycling. Facts about specific waste types, as well as waste saving tips for specific
types of businesses are discussed. The guide also includes a number of case studies that
provide practical examples of how some businesses have implemented these concepts.
Those seeking information about waste reduction, reuse, and recycling as it pertains to
common, large volume office wastes will find this guide most useful.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
* Waste Reduction/Pollution Prevention in the Commercial Sector. Grocery Stores,
Drug Stores, Restaurants, Office Complexes, and Vehicle Service and Repair. Lincoln,
NE: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, June 1992.
This series consists of five separate reports; one for each of the sectors listed
above. These reports profile the solid and hazardous waste streams and provide
recommendations for waste reduction and pollution prevention in each sector. Detailed
analyses were conducted at five grocery stores, two drug stores, three restaurants, three
office complexes, and three automobile dealerships. The reports also include checklists,
waste assessment questionnaires and self-assessment guidelines that businesses can use in
conducting their own waste reduction programs.
Region: VII
Contact: David Flora
Phone: (913) 551-7523
Waste Stream Characterization Project: Interim Report. Greensboro, NC: City of
Greensboro, April 1991.
The characterization study was conducted as part of Greensboro's source
reduction program. The waste stream of the pilot residential area was characterized
prior to implementing the education program. The results of this study will be compared
with another characterization study, to be conducted after program implementation to
evaluate the effectiveness of the program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Watch Your Waste. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and King County Solid Waste
Division, March 1991.
This nine-minute presentation details the successes of several companies—both
large and small-in reducing and recycling their waste. The video shows how businesses
can: reduce disposal costs, earn revenue from waste, enhance employee morale, and
contribute to a better environment.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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