EPA/530/SW—634
OCTOBER 1977
                           nient


-------
      THE  PREVALENCE OF SUBSURFACE  MIGRATION


         OF HAZARDOUS  CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES


AT  SELECTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE LAND  DISPOSAL SITES
   Thib fayiaJt nepalt (SW-634) ducAib&A wotik
      ho*, the. Fe.deAjaJt &otid woAte. ma.na.geme.nt
               undeA c.on&ia.c£ no. 68-01-2966
     and 
-------
                            HOTICE

               Some of the data in this report hare been
              challenged by State solid wa&te  manage-!
              meat agencies  and are being Devaluated
              by the contractor and EPA.
This report as submitted by the grantee or contractor has been
technically reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).  Publication does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of EPA, nor does mention of commercial
products constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government.

An environmental protection publication (SW-634) in the solid waste
management series.

-------
                           CONTENTS
                                                           Paqe
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	    v

INTRODUCTION 	    1

SITE SELECTION	    5

     Criteria	    5
     Selection Process
STUDY PROCEDURES	   14

     Drilling	   14
     Sampling	,	   15
     Chemical Analysis 	   17

PRESENTATION OF DATA	   23

     State Summaries	   27
     Descriptions of  Sites Drilled and/or Sampled	   33
     Sampling Results	   88
     Descriptions of  Sites Inspected but Not Sampled .  .  .  107

EVALUATION OF MONITORING TECHNIQUES	146

     Monitoring Objectives 	  147
     Number, Positioning, and Design of Monitoring Wells  .  148
     Monitoring Well  Installation	153
     Sampling Procedures 	  154
     Disposition of Data	159

CONCLUSIONS	161

REFERENCES	163

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 	  ]66

                          APPENDICES

APPENDIX A:  Analyses of Water Samples 	  A-l

APPENDIX B:  Glossary	  B-l

APPENDIX C:  Penn Environmental Consultants, Inc.
             Quality Assurance Program 	  C-l

APPENDIX D:  Contractor Observations Outside the
             Scope of Work	D-l
                              111

-------
                        LIST OF TABLES
                                                           Page

1.   Pertinent Constituents from the National Interim
    Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations.  ...  22

2.   Summary of Data from Sites Drilled and/or Sampled ...  34

3.   Summary of Sampling Results 	  89

4.   Summary of Data from Sites Inspected but not Sampled.  . 108

                       LIST OF FIGURES

1.   Geographic Distribution of Project Data Base	11

2.   Total Number of Sites in Each of the 15 States	24

3.   Total Number of Sites Sampled in Each of the 11 States.  26
                              IV

-------
                      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY




     Monitoring wells were sampled at 50 land disposal sites



that had received large volumes of industrial wastes.  The fa-




cilities include landfills, lagoons, and combinations of the



two, both active and abandoned.  They are located in 11 States



in the humid region, east of the Mississippi River.  The pur-



pose of the investigation was to determine the prevalence of



subsurface migration of hazardous chemical constituents.



     The sites selected are representative of typical industri-



al land disposal facilities, and are situated in a wide variety



of geologic environments.  No previous contamination of ground-



water with hazardous substances had been reported before sam-



pling, and waste disposal had been in progress for a minimum of



three years.  To meet the project site selection criteria, 727



facilities were inventoried in 41 States, and regulatory agency




files were examined in 23 States.  From this data base, 122



sites were selected for field inspection, the purpose of which



was to determine geologic and hydrologic conditions, facility



design and operation, and availability of monitoring wells.



About 50 percent of the inspected facilities already contained



monitoring wells, and nine percent are equipped with some type



of engineered ground-water protection system such as a liner.



Based on the inspections, the final 50 sites to be sampled were




chosen.




     Ground water was considered contaminated with hazardous



substances if one or more of the following constituents was de-



tected:  (1) heavy metals other than iron and manganese,  (2) cy-





                               v

-------
anide, arsenic, and selenium,  (3) organic substances as deter-



mined by gas chromatography.  One hundred seventy samples were



collected for analysis from waste disposal sources, soil cores,



springs, and wells, including 59 wells drilled at 19 sites spe-



cifically for this project.




     Industrial land disposal sites are surrounded by other



sources which also have the potential to add contaminants to



ground water, e.g. septic tanks, leaky storage tanks and sewer



lines, spills, agricultural lands receiving fertilizers and



pesticides, and highway runoff.  Thus, ground water free of some



type of degradation is seldom present in urban, industrial, and



agricultural areas.  Therefore, four very strict criteria were



used to evaluate whether migration of hazardous substances



could be confirmed at a particular site and to determine which



specific inorganic and/or organic chemicals had migrated at that



site.  First, one or more hazardous constituents must be detected



beyond the boundary of the waste deposition area.  Second, the



concentration of a hazardous substance must exceed the concen-



tration of the same substance in water from a background well



or other background ground-water source.  Third, all wells used



to evaluate a site must tap the same aquifer.  Finally, based



on an interpretation of geohydrology and overall ground-water



chemistry, the data must identify the landfill or lagoon under



study as the source of the inorganic or organic substance.



     At 43 of 50 sites, migration of one or more hazardous con-




stituents was confirmed according to project criteria.  At four



other sites, although background wells had been chosen, the




                              vi

-------
areal extent of ground water containing hazardous substances was



greater than expected, or ground-water movement was not in the




direction assumed during the field inspection prior to drilling



and/or sampling.  However, contamination by heavy metals and/or



organic chemicals was detected at these four sites.  At three



sites, background data were not available because of the ina-



bility to obtain water from wells that had previously been



chosen for background.  Again, contamination with hazardous con-



stituents was found in the monitoring wells sampled at the three



sites.



     Organic contaminants were detected at 40 of the 50 sites.



Because most analyses were made by gas chromatography alone, in-



dividual organic compounds were not always identified.  At 27



sites, migration of organic chemicals was confirmed according



to the strict project criteria.  At 13 sites, although organic



compounds were detected in ground water, the landfill or lagoon



under study could not be clearly identified as the source of or-



ganic contamination.  Where this occurred, the site was ruled



out as one at which organic substances had migrated.  Using sim-



ilar criteria, heavy metals, excluding iron and manganese, were



found to be present at 49 sites and were confirmed to have mi-



grated at 40 sites.  Selenium, arsenic, and/or cyanide were



found to be present at 37 sites, and were confirmed to have mi-




grated at 30 sites.




     In all, 86 wells and springs yielded water containing one



or more hazardous substances with concentrations above back-




ground.  The distance of the wells from the disposal area






                              vii

-------
ranged from 3 m (10 ft) to more than 300 m (1,000 ft).  Depths



ranged from about 2 m  (6 ft) to 49 m (160 ft).



     Twelve hazardous inorganic constituents were detected



above background concentrations.  The five most frequently oc-




curring were selenium, barium, cyanide, copper, and nickel in



that order.  Organic substances that were identified in water



from monitoring wells included PCB's, chlorinated phenols, ben-



zene and derivatives, and organic solvents.



     At 26 sites, hazardous inorganic constituents in water



from one or more monitoring wells exceeded the EPA drinking wa-



ter limits.  Of the hazardous substances, selenium most fre-



quently exceeded drinking water limits, followed by arsenic,



chromium, and lead.  Halogenated pesticides,  presently included



in EPA drinking water standards, were analyzed for but not



found.
                             vin

-------
                         INTRODUCTION






     The fundamental objective of this investigation was to




establish the presence or probable absence of ground-water con-




tamination resulting from subsurface migration of hazardous con-




stituents at selected industrial waste land-disposal sites.




Land disposal facilities studied were lagoons and landfills and




combinations of the two.




     The general term "landfill" has been used in this report




to describe a solid waste disposal site.  EPA and many states




have assigned specific definitions according to how a particu-




lar landfill is constructed and operated.  Definitions for dump,




landfill, and sanitary landfill are included in the attached




Glossary-  Landfills receive garbage, demolition debris, munic-




ipal and industrial solid wastes, sludges, and liquids.  The in-




vestigation concentrated on those landfills with a major compo-




nent of industrial waste.




     In this report, the general term "lagoon" describes an in-




dustrial impoundment.  There is no typical design for an indus-




trial impoundment.  It may be a natural or man-made depression,




lined or unlined, and from a few tens of feet in diameter to




hundreds of acres in size.  Within the literature, the terms




"lagoons," "pits," "basins," and "ponds" have been used inter-




changeably.  The typical waste disposed of is liquid, although




lagoons can also contain sludges.  Landfills and lagoons, along




with their .potential impacts on ground-water quality, have been




the subject of a number of previous EPA studies.    '

-------
     "Landfill" and "lagoon" along with other terms such as



"background well," "hazardous," and "toxicant," were used in de-



scriptions of the work carried out and of the results obtained.



Nomenclature does not imply, in any way, EPA statement of pol-



icy nor legal classification of a particular site or condition.



Descriptive terms, including "dump" and "sanitary landfill,"



that appear in the site descriptions were based on those ap-



plied by the State representatives in whose company an inspec-



tion was conducted.




     No site names or location maps are included in this report.



Cooperation of owners and operators of waste-disposal facili-



ties inspected and sampled was obtained with the understanding



that the purpose of the study was only to compile scientific da-



ta as part of a national survey.  In cases where the findings in-



dicated possible threat to public health, all of the involved par-



ties were immediately notified by telephone, with a subsequent



written confirmation of the findings.   The cooperating State



regulatory agency was furnished all data for its continued fol-



low up of the situation according to its normal procedures.  In



addition, if the case was deemed especially serious, the analy-



tical laboratory was requested to contact the parties concerned



to provide any supplemental information that might be desired.



     Determination of whether contamination has occurred and



whether migration of specific hazardous contaminants has been



confirmed is based on the contractor's evaluation of the data



available.  Because of the complexities of geology, hydrology,



and ground-water chemistry at any particular site, such data

-------
can be subject to differing interpretations, especially as new



and more complete information is assembled over a longer period



of time.




     A Project Synopsis, dated February 24, 1977 and the Inter-



im Project Report, dated April 15, 1977 were submitted to EPA




as progress reports summarizing results of the study.  The data.



presented in the reports were only preliminary in nature, had




not undergone complete analysis, and had not received final re-



view from the contractor, cooperating State agencies, or EPA.



States were sent, for review, the preliminary site descriptions



after preparation of the Interim Project Report.  Their com-



ments were considered and included in the Final Report with mod-



ifications made to accommodate those changes that were perti-



nent.  The Final Report presents results which have been re-



viewed and analyzed by the contractor leading to the present



set of findings and conclusions.



     The original contract specified that 75 industrial waste



land-disposal sites would be investigated.  Due to enactment of



the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (PL 94-580) ,



the contract was amended to limit the number of sites to 50.



This was done to allow the contractor to develop support docu-



ments for monitoring regulations required by the act.  Field




work that had been projected for the future in the progress re-



ports, therefore, will not be carried out under this contract.



The work includes sampling at a number of sites which have al-




ready been inspected and had been scheduled for future drilling,



and filling in data gaps at several sites already sampled.

-------
     The following sections of the report contain discussions



of site selection criteria and study procedures.  These are



followed by the site descriptions and the results of sampling.



Observations with regard to monitoring are contained in the



chapter entitled EVALUATION OF MONITORING TECHNIQUES.  This dis-



cussion is based on inventorying data from 41 states, reviewing



agency files in 23 states, and inspecting 122 sites in 15 states,



including 60 with existing monitoring wells.   The final chapter



of the report contains the study conclusions.



     Appendix A is a computer printout of the chemical analyses.



Appendix B is a glossary of terms and Appendix C is a descrip-



tion of the quality assurance program for Penn Environmental



Consultants, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the principal



laboratory used in the investigation.  Appendix D includes a



discussion and conclusions related to land disposal of hazardous



wastes.  They are based on the Contractor's observations outside




the scope of work.

-------
                        SITE SELECTION






                           Criteria




     Criteria were established for selecting sites to minimize




bias in the set of facilities chosen for study.  If one method




of waste disposal, one set of geohydrologic conditions, or one




type of waste were studied with disproportionate frequency, the




results of the study would not be representative of the waste




disposal practice as it really exists.  These criteria are as




follows:




     No Known Damage Cases.  This criterion resulted from a de-




sire to remove any bias toward studying sites at which a posi-




tive finding of contamination would constitute simply a confir-




mation of previously known problems.  In addition to documented




damage, complaints about ground-water degradation as manifested




by malodors or taste would rule out a site for consideration.




     Various Geohydrologic Conditions Represented. Existing sites




are located in a variety of geohydrologic environments, such as




coastal plain, shallow bedrock, and flood plain.  Some geohydro-




logic conditions more than others increase the susceptibility of




ground water to contamination from activities on the land sur-




face.  Permeable coastal plain sands, for example, generally




allow more rapid percolation of waste water or leachate than do




silt and clay glacial tills.  Ground water in limestone solu-




tion channels may move rapidly with little interaction with the




formation.  On the other hand, ground water in unconsolidated




sediments of low permeability, may move only a few feet per

-------
year, and would be in virtual equilibrium with formation miner-




als.



     A Range of Climatic Conditions Represented.  Unless the



wastes are liquid, precipitation greater than evapotranspira-



tion is necessary to produce leachate.  The amount and extent



of movement of contaminants may be quite different under a tem-



perate climate that allows soil to freeze for several weeks or



months in comparison to a climate without extended freezing



temperatures.  Likewise, not only is the annual precipitation



important, but also the distribution of precipitation with time.



A period of intense rainfall in an otherwise warm dry climate



could produce leachate from land-disposed waste^.



     A Variety of Disposal Methods Represented. Industrial waste



is disposed of in lagoons, pits, dumps, landfills, and combina-



tions thereof.  The physical preparation of sites for the various



disposal methods varies and affects the influence of wastes on



the ground-water system.  Lagoons or other basins for liquid im-



poundment, unless lined may leak and form ground-water mounds.



Solid waste disposal facilities may also allow more percolate



than the surrounding area and create ground-water mounds.  The



frequency and extent of contamination is dependent on the nature



of the wastes and existing geohydrologic conditions.  Chemical



quality of leachate or percolate reaching the water table is a



function of the rate of travel, thickness of the unsaturated



zone, and geologic materials comprising the unsaturated zone.



     A Variety of Industrial Wastes Represented. Wastes can con-



sist of organic and inorganic substances, solids, liquids, and

-------
sludges.  Industrial discharges include a great variety of inor-



ganic and organic compounds, with wide ranges of solubility in



water.  For example, some wastes contain solid metal precipitates



that are very slightly soluble, whereas the same metals may be



discharged in soluble form from another process or treatment sys-



tem.  Removal of metals from effluents to meet discharge regula-



tions results in production of heavy metals sludges.  Organic



compounds are similarly removed in effluent treatment and must



be disposed of as sludges or dried solids.  The intermixing of



inorganic and organic wastes, wastes of high and low pH, and



wastes having different physical properties in a common dispos-



al area, may lead to influences on the environment not antici-



pated from any single waste material.  Thus, it is important to



study as wide a variety of wastes as possible.



     Minimum Age of Three Years.  Percolation of waste water or



leachate and subsequent migration with ground water are general-



ly slow.  It may take many months for a dry solid waste to



reach field capacity (the moisture content at which it trans-



mits water)  under the precipitation regime of its location.



The leachate must then percolate to the water table and move




with the ground water to a point outside the disposal area.  A



three-year period was judged to be adequate for contaminants to



move far enough to be detected using the procedures of this




study.



     Sites,  Active, Abandoned, Monitored, and Not Monitored Rep-




resented.  Monitoring wells are installed at land disposal sites



to meet a number of different objectives, including providing

-------
data for litigation or for defining the severity of damage to an



aquifer.  For this investigation, existing monitoring facilities



must have been installed as a result of compliance with regula-



tions, or because ground-water contamination was thought possible,




but not as a result of known or suspected (on the basis of phys-



ical evidence) ground-water contamination.  Monitored sites were



studied by sampling existing monitoring wells and, in some cases,



additional wells installed as part of this study.  In the analysis



of sampling results, the efficacy of the monitoring system was



also evaluated.



     Unmonitored sites were inspected, and wells were installed



according to best estimates of ground-water flow direction and



location of water-bearing formations.  As sources of contamina-



tion, abandoned disposal sites were considered to be as signifi-



cant as active sites.  The wastes that are deposited continue



to weather and leach for years.  Moreover, containerized wastes



may not begin to contaminate until several years after deposi-



tion when containers corrode and leak.  At typical abandoned



sites inspected during this investigation, there is no custodi-



al care, and these sites sometimes become havens for surrepti-



tious disposal of wastes considered so hazardous that owners of



active sites are not willing or are not permitted to accept



them.  Under these circumstances, the potential for pollution



from abandoned sites may be equal to or greater than from ac-




tive ones.



                      Selection Process



     As originally proposed, the Project Officer was to furnish



a list of 100 or more monitored industrial land disposal sites,





                               8

-------
from which 50 were to be selected for study by the Contractor



with the Project Officer's approval.  The Project Officer was



to furnish an additional list of approximately 50 candidate



sites where the installation of monitoring wells would be neces-



sary for determination of ground-water quality.  Upon approval




of the Project Officer, 25 of these sites were to be included



in the study.




     At the time the contract was negotiated, criteria for se-



lection of study sites were developed that ruled out sites



that had histories of known or suspected  (on the basis of physi-



cal or chemical evidence) contamination.  None of the candidate



sites available to EPA or the Contractor met the criteria



agreed upon at the initiation of the study-  Therefore, the Con-



tractor inventoried and inspected all of the sites finally in-



cluded in the study.



     Voluntary input from local and State regulatory depart-



ments and personnel was solicited from all of the continental



United States.  Officials in State solid waste and water re-



source agencies were contacted by letter and phone.  They were




requested to provide, at no cost to the Contractor, candidate



waste, disposal sites that could best meet selection criteria.



     To expedite the exchange of information, forms prepared by




the study team were provided the State agency personnel.  Space



on the form was provided for such information as age of site,



type of waste received, owners name and address, type of facil-



ity, presence of monitoring wells, and probable accessibility




for drilling and/or sampling.  A number of States did not re-

-------
spond because the regulatory agency involved stated that it did



not have the personnel available to aid in the project and the



data requested were not readily available (Figure 1).   Upon re-



turn of the forms,  these data were tabulated with other data ob-



tained from published sources to provide an annotated list of



potential sites for inclusion in the project.  Priorities were



assigned to the site listings based on accessibility,  geologic



setting, and other of the site selection criteria.



     Visits were arranged with State agencies for inspection of



files pertaining to sites that appeared to be potentially use-



ful in the study (Figure 1).  State solid waste, water resource,



geological survey,  and health department offices were included



in the visits.  EPA Region I and IV offices also were visited.



Inspection of regulatory agency files and conversations with



agency personnel frequently turned up information on disposal



sites that had not been included in the original set of data,



but appeared potentially useful to the project.



     A final list of potential study sites was assembled for re-



view by the EPA Project Officer.  Priorities were assigned de-



pending on the degree to which each site met the selection cri-



teria.  Then, the process of investigating accessibility was be-



gun, working exclusively through State agency personnel.



     The final and crucial step in the selection process was



that of obtaining access to the site for drilling and/or sam-



pling.  Even in cooperating States, industrial or disposal com-




pany owners refused access to a considerable number of industri-



al waste disposal sites.  When site access was arranged, the




                              10

-------
EXPLANATION




   STATES INVENTORIED




   STATES INSPECTED ONLY




   STATES DRILLED and/or SAMPLED




   STATE AGENCIES VISITED ONLY




   STATES NOT RESPONDING
               Figure 1.   Geographic distribution of  project  data base.

-------
conditions governing it were sometimes limiting.



     For example, at one site, the letter permitting access



stipulated that new monitoring well locations must be within



three feet of the property line.  These positions were too dis-



tant from the waste deposition area to provide meaningful sam-



pling points for detection of ground-water contamination.  Per-



mission was granted to sample existing monitoring wells on the



site, but these had not been installed at locations where



ground-water contamination from the disposal operation would be



detected.  The existing monitoring well locations exemplify the



way in which a monitoring regulation can be satisfied with little



possibility of useful data ever being generated.



     Past experience in working with State agencies on case his-



tories of ground-water contamination had shown that data on



file did not always correspond to current conditions in the



field.  As a result, it was decided that the effort necessary



to support an inspection of all sites appearing to fit the



project criteria was justified.



     For the inspection phase, arrangements were made with



State regulatory personnel to accompany the Contractor to the



sites given highest priority.  The inspection trip was required



to confirm data on location, condition and depth of monitoring



wells;  geologic environment;  physical access to the site;



and wastes actually disposed of.  Locations for background



water-quality sampling were also investigated.  Inspection



trips sometimes resulted in the opportunity to vist more suit-



able sites than were in the original inventory.





                              12

-------
     The inventory of sites for inspection usually was derived



from data on file in the State agency's office.  Once in the




field, the agency representative or a local official might point



out other sites actively accepting industrial wastes, but not



documented with the agency.  Some of these proved to be larger,




more accessible, or in more suitable geohydrologic settings




than those on the inventory list.  Sometimes during the course



of traveling, sites were observed that appeared potentially use-



ful, and were adopted for use in the study.  In some States, in-




dustrial waste sites that are located on the industry's prem-



ises are not registered with the State, so they became known



only through personal knowledge of one of the State personnel



or by direct observation on the inspection trips.  Several of



these industry-owned sites were included in the study.  A total



of 122 sites were inspected in 15 States.  Fifty of the 122



sites were later drilled and/or sampled.



     Following inspection, data obtained in the field were re-



viewed and plans for drilling and/or sampling were made.  Where



drilling was required, the inspection provided the opportunity



to make an assessment of the geohydrologic conditions, and to



assign locations for monitoring wells.  The minimum number of



sampling points per site was two, one for background and one to



monitor contamination.  Because of the uncertainty of locating



zones of contamination, two to three monitoring wells were usu-



ally scheduled for installation.  Budgetary limitations re-




stricted well drilling to a minimum number per site, to rela-



tively shallow depths, to unconsolidated geologic materials,




and to method.



                              13

-------
                       STUDY PROCEDURES





                           Drilling




     Water well drilling was carried out at industrial waste



sites that either had no monitoring wells, or where they were



present, but monitoring was judged incomplete from the stand-



point of this investigation.  In some cases, existing wells



were not located where, upon inspection by the contractor, they



appeared to intercept contaminated ground water.   In other in-



stances, the existing wells appeared satisfactory, but no well



was available to serve as a sampling point for background qual-



ity.  At these locations, a background well was installed.



     With one exception, New York Site S-5, drilling was done



using the hollow-stem auger method.  Major advantages are that



no water is introduced into the bore hole during drilling, and



PVC  (polyvinyl chloride) pipe can be used for well casings be-



cause no driving of casing is employed.  This method was also




suitable for the relatively shallow wells (25 m or 75 ft) in-



stalled as part of this project.  For most of the sites drilled,



a rig mounted on a tracked vehicle was employed.   It proved to



be extremely useful, particularly for abandoned sites where ac-



cess roads were virtually non-existent.  At one site, the rig



was driven down a railroad track where it drilled between ties.



At New York Site S-5, a standard mud rotary rig was used in or-




der to penetrate to a depth of 166 m  (545 ft).



     Drilling was done exclusively outside of the area of waste



deposition to prevent contamination by surficial materials.  Be-
                                14

-------
cause the analytical schedule for chemical constituents in



ground-water samples was comprehensive and included sensitive



techniques for measuring heavy metals and organic compounds,



contamination from drilling posed a real threat to sampling in-



tegrity.  Thus, augers were cleaned and rinsed before drilling



each new well.




     PVC pipe was used for all well casings.  It is light and



easy to handle, and is more inert toward dissolved organic sub-



stances than steel casing.  The iron oxide coating that devel-



ops on steel casing has an unpredictable and changeable adsorp-



tion capacity.  However, once the adsorption sites on PVC are



saturated, water remains in equilibrium with it.  '  Leakage of



organic compounds from PVC is negligible.  As a control, sam-



ples of pipe and a cemented joint were submitted to the labora-



tory where they were soaked in water and the water was analyzed.



No contaminants were detected.  A total of 59 wells were



drilled at 19 sites.  The wells installed were not removed by



the Contractor;  however, their disposition by site owners is




not known.



                           Sampling




     The laboratory chosen for performing the chemical analyses



on all of the water and soil samples generated by the project



was Penn Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-




vania (PEC).  Sample containers and appropriate preservatives




were furnished by the laboratory.



     When the water table was within the suction limit of about



8 m (25 ft), a hand or powered centrifugal pump was used to sam-
                                15

-------
pie the well.  Enough water was withdrawn to evacuate several



times the volume of the casing and to assure that water was rep-



resentative of the aquifer.  When pumping was .impossible, wells



were bailed to clean out the casing and screen^ and to obtain a




ground-water sample.  The bailers were constructed of PVC pipe,



plugged at one end, in lengths of 30 and 61 cm (12 and 24 in.).



PVC-coated lead weights were used to offset th.e buoyancy of the



plastic and the displacement of water.  The small (3.8-cm or



1.5-in.) diameter well casings could be evacuated with only a



few bailer volumes of water.



     The laboratory supplied six containers with appropriate



preservatives for each water sample, requiring a total volume



of about 8 litres  (2 gal.).  This volume of water equaled sever-



al bailer volumes.  Four wells did not yield at a high enough



rate to allow a complete sampling.  In each case the constitu-



ents considered most important were noted for the laboratory.



     Frequently the wells could not be surged and pumped for a



long enough period to yield water free of turbidity.  Filtra-



tion was, therefore, required in addition to the membrane fil-



tration routinely done for the samples for metal analysis.  In



the worst cases, water was gravity filtered through a filter pa-



per in a conical funnel, followed by suction filtration through



finer-pore paper in a Buchner suction funnel, and finally suc-



tion filtered through fiberglass prefliters and a 0.45 microme-



tre pore-sized membrane. 8^  Filtration proved difficult to ac-



complish in the field.  A few samples that contained large quan-



tities of clay or fine silt-sized particles were impossible to
                                16

-------
handle without an electric vacuum pump.  These samples were



shipped to the laboratory without preservatives.  It was assum-



ed that preservatives would change the chemical equilibrium be-




tween the dissolved and suspended substances more than would



the time required for shipment.



     Particular care was taken in cleaning bailers, pumps, and



filtration apparatus after collection of each sample.  The sen-



sitivity of analytical methods and comprehensiveness of the



analyses dictated that cross contamination be avoided.  All ap-



paratus was washed and rinsed with deionized or distilled water.



As previously mentioned, the augers used in drilling were also



cleaned as thoroughly as possible.



     Soil samples were collected with a split-spoon sampler.



This is a steel tube that, as driven into the ground, becomes



filled with soil.  Upon recovery, retaining rings are removed




and half of the tube is removed, exposing the soil core.  With



a hollow stem auger, the sampler can be driven ahead of the au-



ger, allowing samples to be taken continuously or at preset in-



tervals.  Soil samples were sent to the laboratory in polyethy-




lene bottles.



                      Chemical Analysis



     Commercial analytical chemical laboratories were investi-




gated in regard to capabilities for performing both inorganic



and organic analyses on water samples.  Six laboratories were



visited as part of the selection process.  Initially, no deci-




sion had been made with regard to the issue of one or several



laboratories to handle the analyses.  The large distances be-
                                 17

-------
tween study sites suggested a regional approach to the choice



of laboratories.  However, the administration of sampling, and




the necessity for comparison of results, made the use of one



laboratory more appealing.  Because the water samples were not



being analyzed for the most time-sensitive parameters (BOD, bio-



logical specimens, or forms of nitrogen), one laboratory, PEC,



was selected.



     The analytical schedule adopted included emission spectro-



graphic analysis for 30 or more metals to provide a .scan that



would detect unusual metals which might otherwise be overlooked.



The emission results were used as the basis for quantifying up



to six metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy,.  Either the



metals with highest concentrations or those on a list of prior-



ities (general or site specific)  were chosen from the group:



barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron,



lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, tin, vanadium, and zinc.



     Wet chemical methods were used for selenium, arsenic, mer-



cury, cyanide, fluoride, hexavalent chromium and phenol.  A



group of constituents comprising those included in a "standard"



water analysis was used for only some of the water samples.  To



interpret the location and characteristics of contamination,



constituents that are not considered hazardous, but are general-



ly used for characterizing water quality, were included in the




analysis.  This group was comprised of calcium, magnesium, sodi-



um, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and phosphate.  Sodium, calci-



um, chloride, and sometimes sulfate, are found in elevated con-



centrations in landfill leachate.  For exclusively industrial
                                18

-------
waste disposal sites those components would have to be included



in the wastes in order to become ground-water contaminants.




However, if found along with hazardous constituents in elevated



concentrations, these constituents add further evidence that



contamination has occurred.



     Three gas chromatographic scans were arranged to detect



polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCB's) and related compounds, halo-



genated pesticides  (aldrin, dieldrin, etc.), and volatile organ-




ic compounds  (ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc.).  The de-



tection limit for most of the organic compounds was 0.001 milli-



gram/litre  (mg/1).  Organic compounds can be identified either



through the use of  standards in the gas chromatograph or by use



of a mass spectrometer.  The latter splits up organic molecules



after they have been separated in a gas chromatograph and rec-



ords the masses and abundances of the molecular fragments.  The



original compounds  can then be determined through interpreting



the mass spectrum.



     For the purposes of this study, organic chemical migration



was defined as the presence of organic compounds in concentra-



tions above background.  Identification of the compounds them-



selves was not required;  therefore only the gas chromatographic



analysis was prescribed.  The use of the mass spectrometer



would have doubled the cost of analysis with questionable justi-




fication.



     Soil samples were extracted with dilute acid for metal




analysis and with organic solvents for organic analysis.  Met-



als were determined on the extracts by emission spectroscopy
                                19

-------
and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.   Cyanide, phenols, and



fluoride were determined by wet chemical techniques.



     The chemical equilibrium of ground water is usually dis-



turbed when it is withdrawn from an aquifer.  Exposure to the



atmosphere may drastically change the dissolved gas complement,



resulting in changes in pH and dissolved oxygen.  Thus, in or-



der to measure characteristics of ground water as they were in



the aquifer, the measurements must be made immediately upon



withdrawal of the water.  Specific conductance, pH, and dis-



solved oxygen were, therefore, measured in the field.



     Ground water was considered to be contaminated with hazard-



ous substances if one or more of the following constituents was



detected:   (1) heavy metals other than iron and manganese, (2)



cyanide, arsenic, or selenium, (3) organic substances as deter-



mined by gas chromatography.  The results of sampling and the



evaluation of migration of hazardous substances is presented in



the next section of this report.



     Cyanide is listed in the hazardous category because it was



included in previous Federal drinking water standards and is re-



tained in many State standards.  Cyanide is highly toxic to



fish and may enter surface water with ground-water discharge.



An additional consideration is that private ground-water pota-



ble supplies are not treated, nor are some public ground-water



supplies.  Thus chlorination would not detoxify cyanide migrat-



ing in leachate.



     Results of 170 chemical analyses have been computerized



for future access and statistical analysis  (Appendix A).  Where
                                20

-------
requested, results were sent to cooperating State agencies and




EPA regional offices.  Water-quality data from wells determined



to be contaminated were compared to drinking water standards



promulgated or proposed by EPA  (Table 1). 9'1Q)  Comparisons



were based on "hazardous" components (heavy metals—except iron




and manganese, arsenic, selenium, and listed organic pesticides)



As mentioned previously, when there appeared to be a threat to



the owner of a water supply well used for monitoring because of



the identification of a potential toxicant in the water, the



user was contacted by the contractor or the proper State agency.
                                21

-------
                         TABLE  1

PERTINENT CONSTITUENTS FROM THE NATIONAL  INTERIM PRIMARY
                                               9,10
      AND SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
Primary

Constituent Concentration
(mg/1)
Arsenic (As)
Barium (Ba)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium (Cr)
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Nitrate as N
Selenium (Se)
Silver (Ag)
Fluoride (depends on
avg. air tempera-
ture)
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP Silvex
0.05
1.0
0.010
0.05
0.05
0.002
10
0.01
0.05
1.4 to 2.4
0.0002
0.004
0.1
0.005
0.1
0.01
Secondary
Constituent Concentration
(mg/1)
Chloride 250
Copper (Cu) 1
Iron (Fe) 0.3
Manganese 0.05
Sulfate (SO4) 250
Zinc (Zn) 5










                              22

-------
                     PRESENTATION OF DATA



     A total of 23 States were visited for the purposes of gath-



ering data on industrial waste land disposal sites  (Figure 1).



The combination of correspondence and State visits resulted in



an inventory of 727 industrial waste land disposal facilities.



The inventory data included geohydrologic, site engineering,



site monitoring, and availability of water quality information



for each site.  The amount of information available for sites



varied from site to site and State to State.  The data were re-



viewed in detail to provide a list of sites with high priority



for inclusion in the project.




     Because existing ground-water monitoring facilities could



be utilized for the project, information about them was of par-



ticular interest.  Of the inventoried sites, 35 percent had



ground-water monitoring facilities.  The water quality data col-



lected from monitoring of waste sites varied between States.



Some States required only a limited number of non-hazardous con-



stituents, whereas others included, at least initially, compre-



hensive chemical analyses including heavy metals.  Monitoring



data for organic chemicals was virtually nonexistent.



     An evaluation of inventory data showed that the informa-



tion on file with State agencies was not detailed enough to se-



lect facilities suitable for inclusion in this study without



conducting on-site inspections.  Thus, inspections were car-




ried out in 15 States, all but one of which lie east of the



Mississippi River (Figure 2).  The number of site inspections



ranged from one to 17 per State.



                              23

-------
                       ;     	-r— -*  C. S.CA
                       /	ALABAMA ,-QnGiA


                      (r\ ! r\\
     Figure  2.  Total number of sites inspected in  each of the



15 states.
                                24

-------
     Data gathered during inspection were reviewed, and a final



list was compiled of sites that fit the study criteria and were



accessible to the contractor.  These sites were distributed




through 14 states, but sampling was carried out in only 11



states  (Figure 3).  Sites .had been scheduled for drilling and



sampling in Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina; however,




the contract was amended in April 1977 limiting the sampling to



50 sites.




     The number and geologic setting of industrial waste land



disposal sites inventoried, inspected, and sampled is summar-



ized for each of the 15 states below.
                                 25

-------
     Figure 3.  Total number of sites sampled in each of the



11 states.
                               26

-------
                        State Summaries




     Alabama.  Eight industrial waste disposal sites were in-



ventoried and field inspected in Alabama in July 1976.  They



are distributed throughout the state in all of the primary cli-




matic and geohydrologic environments.  The four sites in the



northern half of the state are generally situated in geologic



provinces characterized by formations of low permeability.




This favorable geologic setting would tend to minimize the



chances of appreciable ground-water contamination occurrences.



The four sites in southern Alabama are underlain by sandy



earth materials, which normally permit contamination from sur-




face sources to readily enter and migrate significant distances



through shallow aquifers.  The average yearly precipitation



ranges from about 135 cm  (53 in.) at the northernmost site to



approximately 163 cm  (64  in.) at the southernmost.  All eight



sites were scheduled for  detailed study and sampling during the



spring of 1977, but this  could not be accomplished because of



early project termination.



     California.  All of  the California Regional Water Quality



Control Boards were contacted and requested to provide perti-



nent information about hazardous waste disposal sites in their



respective jurisdictions.  Information on 12 sites was fur-



nished, and inspections were conducted in February 1977 at



two locations both of which have been designated under the




California system as Class I.  The two sites are located in



the San Francisco area.   Further work in California was
                                 27

-------
scheduled for the summer of 1977 but was not carried out be-



cause of the early project termination.



     Connecticut.  Fifteen industrial waste disposal sites were



inventoried in Connecticut.  Of this total, six sites were




chosen for field inspection, three of which were selected for



drilling and sampling.  These are situated in different geohy-



drologic environments:  coastal zone, glaciated upland, and



river flood plain.  The average yearly precipitation ranges



from about 112 cm (44 in.) at the easternmost site to 122 cm



(48 in.) at the westernmost site.



     Florida.  Six waste disposal sites that accept industrial



wastes were inventoried in Florida.  Of those, only one had re-



liable records of hazardous waste and was accessible to



Geraghty & Miller, Inc. personnel for study-  A structural



failure of this lagoon-type facility occurred in 1976 allowing



oily wastes to contaminate a creek.  A subsequent EPA investi-



gation of the spill discovered PCB's as components of the con-



tamination.  A concern for ground-water contamination was ex-



pressed, and it was requested by the EPA regional office that



this site be included in the project.  Sampling was carried



out in September 1976.



     Illinois.  A total of 70 industrial waste disposal sites



were inventoried in Illinois.  Of these, 15 sites were selected



for field inspection, which was conducted in July and Septem-



ber 1976.  Six of the sites inspected were chosen for further



study; five were sampled in December 1976 and one in March





                                28

-------
1977.  Sampled sites are distributed throughout the state in



the primary geohydrologic and climatic environments.  Geologic




conditions at the sites studied vary from thick clay till over-




lying carbonate bedrock to sand and gravel deposits adjacent to



streams.  The average yearly precipitation ranges from 81 cm



(32 in.) at the northernmost site to 97 cm (38 in.) at the



southernmost.




     Indiana.  The number of industrial waste disposal sites



inventoried in Indiana totaled 64.  Data on only 30 of these



sites were adequate to consider them for inspection.  Of the




30, 14 were chosen and inspected in August 1976.  Five sites



were chosen for additional study, and were sampled during




November 1976.  All sites were located in the glaciated region



of the state.  Two sites were located in glacial sand, one in



glacial clay, and two in shallow carbonate bedrock environ-



ments.  The average annual precipitation in the vicinities of



the sites ranges from 97 cm  (38 in.) to 107 cm (42 in.).



     Massachusetts.  Seven hazardous waste disposal sites were



inspected in Massachusetts.  Of this total, five sites were



sampled in November 1976.  Three of the five sampled sites were




situated on flood plain and glacio-lacustrine deposits.  Be-



cause of the widespread occurrence of fine-grained deposits,




difficulty was sometimes encountered in locating sediment cap-




able of yielding the quantity of water necessary for sampling.




The average yearly precipitation ranges from 112 cm (44 in.) at



the northernmost site to 102 cm (40 in.)  at the southernmost.
                              29

-------
     Michigan.  A total of 51 waste disposal sites were inven-



toried.  Of these, 10 sites were selected for field inspection,



which was conducted in August 1976.  Five of the sites were



chosen for sampling, and this was accomplished in November 1976,



The sampled sites were distributed throughout the Lower Penin-



sula; none were located on the Upper Peninsula.   All of the



sampled sites are underlain by glacial drift.  The average



yearly precipitation ranges from about 71 cm (28 in.)  in the



north to 91 cm (36 in.) in the southwest region of the Lower



Peninsula.



     Mississippi.  Twelve land disposal sites that reportedly



had received industrial waste were inventoried,;  ten of these



were field inspected in July 1976.  Of the sites inspected,



four met project criteria.  All are situated upon sandy and



sandy clay deposits.  The sites were equally distributed from



north to south throughout the state, where the yearly precipi-



tation ranges from 132 cm (52 in.) to 152 cm (60 in.)  respec-



tively.  Subsequent sampling of these sites was not done due



to early termination of the project.



     New Hampshire.  Thirty-five industrial waste land dis-



posal sites were inventoried in New Hampshire.  Of this total,



four sites were selected for field inspection, which was con-



ducted during the fall of 1976.  Two of these sites were



chosen for drilling and sampling in November 1976.  One site



was located on the flood plain of a river and the other was



in a tidal wetland.  The average annual precipitation in the
                                 30

-------
study area is 147 cm  (58 in.).



     New Jersey.  A total of 41 sites was inventoried in New



Jersey.   Of these, 17 were inspected, nine of which were



drilled and/or sampled.  The first site was drilled and sam-



pled in July 1976.  The remainder were drilled and/or sampled



between August 1976 and February 1977-  The sites were gener-



ally located in the coastal plain region of the state, ranging



from a few miles south of the New York metropolitan area to



the southern tip of the state, and westward to the Pennsylvania



border.   The yearly precipitation averages 112 cm (44 in.).



     New York.  A total of 23 industrial waste disposal sites



were inventoried in New York.  Of these, eight sites were field



inspected in October  1976.  Five of the inspected sites were



subsequently sampled  in November and December 1976 and in Jan-



uary 1977:  three in  the northern glaciated region, one in the



Hudson River Valley,  and one in the coastal plain.  The aver-



age yearly precipitation ranges from about 102 cm (40 in.) at



the northernmost site to 114 cm (45 in.) at the southernmost.



     Pennsylvania.  Thirty-five industrial waste disposal sites



were inventoried in Pennsylvania.   Of this total, three sites



were selected for field inspection, which was conducted in



late September 1976.  Two of the three sites inspected were



subsequently chosen for further study and were sampled in



December 1976.  One site is underlain by metamorphic rock and




the other by carbonate rock.  The average yearly precipitation



in the vicinity of the sites is about 102 cm (40 in.).
                                31

-------
     South Carolina.   Ten industrial waste disposal sites were



inventoried in South Carolina.  Seven of these were field in-




spected in June and July 1976.  Three of the inspected sites



are situated in the eastern and central two-thirds of the



state where coastal plain deposits of permeable unconsolidated



earth materials prevail.  The other four sites are in the



western part of the state and are generally underlain at shal-



low depth with dense igneous and metamorphic rock formations



capped by a thin mantle of fairly impermeable clayey soils.




Average yearly precipitation ranges from 137 cm (54 in.)  to



122 cm (48 in.) in the vicinity of the sites inspected.  Four



sites that best fit the site selection criteria were scheduled



for sampling in 1977-  However, no further work was conducted



because of early project termination.



     Wisconsin.  A total of 47 sites were inventoried in Wis-



consin during May 1976.  Nine of the sites inventoried, and an



additional one, were field inspected between August and Sep-



tember 1976.  Seven of the inspected sites were sampled in Oc-



tober 1976:  four sites are in glaciated areas, two on flood



plains, and one was located over shallow bedrock.   The average



yearly precipitation ranges from 71 cm (28 in.) at the western-



most site to 81 cm (32 in.) at the easternmost.
                                32

-------
          Descriptions of Sites Drilled and/or Sampled



     Disposal sites in States ranging from New Hampshire to



Florida and west to the Mississippi River were sampled using ex-



isting ground-water monitoring facilities or by drilling moni-



toring wells (Table 2).  In carrying out the investigation,



every attempt was made to obtain a cross section of typical



practices presently in use for land disposal of industrial



wastes.  Fifty-nine monitoring wells were installed as part of



this study, at 19 sites.




     Site location in respect to geologic environment was an im-



portant factor in relating the waste disposal practice to ground-



water contamination.  The geological settings of sampled sites



were shallow bedrock  12 percent, flood plain 16 percent, coastal



plain 18 percent, and glaciated 54 percent.  Of these, only 20



percent of the facilities were located in areas where the under-



lying sediments could be classified as being of low permeability.




At the other extreme, 16 percent of the facilities were located



in abandoned sand pits or quarries.  Sites chosen for sampling



were distributed throughout the climatic regions and geological



provinces of each State to the greatest degree possible.



     A variety of waste materials and facility types were in-




cluded among the sampled sites.  Solids, liquids, and sludges



of organic and inorganic composition are included.  Lagoons,



landfills, and combinations of the two comprise the facility



types.  Thirty-two sites had existing monitoring wells.  Only



four facilities had engineered leachate control systems such as




liners and collectors or recirculating systems.  The disposal
                                33

-------
                    TABLE 2




SUMMARY OF DATA  FROM SITES DRILLED AND/OR SAMPLED
State and site
Connecticut




Florida

Illinois

















Indiana









Massachusetts







Michigan




New Hampshire




S-l

S-2

5^3
S-l

S-l


S-2


S-3


S-4


S-5


S-6


S-l

S-2

S-3
S-4

S-5


S-l

S-2

S-3

S-4
S-5
S-l
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-l

S-2

Location
in state
SW

EC

W
NE

EC


NE


NW


NC


NE


SW


SW

NW

SW
SW

NE


NC

NC

SW

W
sc
SW
SE
NC
we
we
SE

S

Geologic setting
Glaciated area -

Flood plain

Glaciated area -
Shallow bedrock -
ate
Glaciated area -


Glaciated area -


Glaciated area -


Glaciated area -


Glaciated area -


Flood plain


Shallow bedrock •
stone
Glaciated area -

Glaciated area -
Shallow bedrock
stone
Glaciated area -


Flood plain

Glaciated area -

Glaciated area -

Flood plain
Flood plain
Glaciated area -
Glaciated area -
Glaciated area -
Glaciated area -
Glaciated area -
Glaciated area -

Glaciated area -


sand



clay
- carbon -

clay


clay


clay


sand


clay





- lime-

sand

sand
- lime-

clay




sand

clay



sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand

sand

Age
(yrs)
>10

>10

40+
>10

>30


4


4


3


12


11


?

3

7
>15

7


25

6

50

24
5
18
21
17
>20
>20
15

7

Facility type
Landfill

Lagoon

Combination
Lagoon

Landfill


Landfill &
lagoon

Landfill


Landfill* t


Landfillt


Landfill


Lagoon

Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill


Landfill*

Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill

Landfill*
Landfill
Lagoon
Lagoon
Lagoon
Lagoon
Lagoon
Landfill*

Landfill

Reported waste Moni -
Organic solids & /
liquids
Organic & inor- / /
ganic liquids
Organic liquids /
Organic & inor- /
ganic liquids
Organic & inor- / /
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic & inor- / /
qanic solids &
liquids
Organic & inor- / *
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic & inor- / /
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic & inor- / /
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic & inor- / /
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic liquids - /

Organic & inor- / /
ganic liquids*
Organic liquids J
Organic liquids

Organic & inor- / /
ganic solids &
liquids
Organic liquids & /
solids
Inorganic liquids *
& organic solids
Organic liquids & / /
solids
Organic solids /
Unknown /
Inorganic liquids / /
Inorganic liquids *
Inorganic liquids / /
Inorganic liquids / /
Inorganic liquids / /
Organic & inor- J
ganic solids and
liquids
Inorganic liquids & /
solids & organic
liquids
                    34

-------
                               TABLE  2   (Continued)
State and site
New Jersey










New York









Pennsylvania



Wisconsin












S-l
S-2
S-3
SM
5^5

S-6
5-7
5-8
S-9

5-1

5-2

S-3

SM

5-5

5-1

S-2

5-1
S-2

S-3

S-t
5-5

5-6


S-7
Location
in state
SE
SW
EC
SC
SW

SW
SE
SE
SW

NE

NC

NE

SE

SE

SE

SE

EC
SC

EC

SE
EC

SE


we
Geologic setting
Coastal plain - sand
Flood plain
Coastal plain -sand
Coastal plain - sand
Coastal plain -sand

Coastal plain - sand
Coastal plain - sand
Coastal plain -sand
Coastal plain -sand

Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area -sand

Glaciated area -sand

Coastal plain -sand

Shallow bedrock - crys-
talline
Shallow bedrock -shale

Glaciated area - clay
Glaciated area - sand

Flood plain

Glaciated area - clay
Flood plain

Glaciated area -clay


Shallow bedrock - sand-
Age
(yrs)
>10
>10
>10
<10
>10

<10
>10
>10
>10

22

6

16

3

40+

7

15+

7
4

26

5
26

9


7
Facility type
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill &
Lagoon
Landfillt

Landfill
Lagoon
Landfill
Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill*

Landfi 1 1

Landfill*

Landfill*

Landfill &
lagoon*
Landfill

Landfillt

Lagoon
Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill


Landfill
Reported waste Mom -
types received tared Active
Organic liquids < /
Unknown '
Unknown
Inorganic liquids
Organic sludge & / /
inorganic solids
Unknown /
Unknown •/ •/
Unknown / ^
Organic liquids / /

Organic liquids &
solids
Organic liquids & / /
inorganic solids
Organic liquids & /
solids
Organic & inor- ^ ^
ganic sludge
Organic & inor- /
ganic liquids
Organic solids J /

Organic & inor- / J
ganic solids
Inorganic sludges / /
Organic & inor- ^ ^
ganic sludges*
Inorganic solids ^ ^
& sludges
Organic liquids ^ ^
Inorganic sludges / ^
& liquids
Organic & inor- ^ ^
ganic solids &
liquids
Inorganic solids /
*  Facility located in abandoned sand and gravel or limestone quarry.
t  Facility engineered with some type of leachate control such as liner, underdrain,
or recirculatlon.
                                      35

-------
facilities range in age from 3 to 50 years.



     Abandoned facilities were included because they do not



cease to be sources of ground-water contamination just because



they have been closed.  In fact, at some abandoned sites, sur-



reptitious disposal of wastes not acceptable at active facili-



ties was noted.   There were seven abandoned facilities included




among sampled sites.



     The site descriptions presented below briefly describe the



facility, its geologic setting, and the chemical quality of the



ground water sampled in its vicinity.  The complete chemical



data for all sites are presented in Appendix A.  Results of sam-



pling are presented in the following section of this report.
                                36

-------
                           Connecticut



     Site CT  S-l.   The  site  is  situated  on  the  southwestern



Connecticut shore  in  an estuarine  environment and  consists of  a



12 ha  (30 acre), landfill.  The  landfill  is  active  and  receives



a variety of  industrial and  municipal wastes with  a  record of



large  amounts of PCB's.




     Site geology,  furnished by a  recent engineering study com-



plete  with borehole data,  indicates the presence of  medium to



coarse glacial  outwash  sands with  minor clay lenses, generally



less than 15  m  (50  ft)  thick, resting atop  dense crystalline



metamorphic bedrock  (gneiss).   Under such geologic conditions,



migration of  generated  leachate is expected.  Discharge of



ground water  probably occurs into  salt-water bodies  which lie



less than 150 m (500  ft) away on either side of the  landfill.



In October 1976, ground water was  measured  at depths of less



than 2.5 m (8 ft) below ground  surface in three wells driven



within 61 m (200 ft)  and downgradient from  the landfill.  A



background well  (Well 4) was installed approximately 460 m



(1,500 ft) to the southwest.  Samples were  obtained  from Wells



1, 2,  and 4.  No sample  was  obtained from Well 3, which hit an



obstruction and was abandoned.



     Well 1 produced  a  water sample with a  strong organic odor



and a  slightly green  color.  Upon  exposure  to air, iron precip-



itated from solution  and an  odor of hydrogen sulfide was noted.



Chromium-0.02, selenium 0.02, and barium 0.1 mg/1 were present,



but not above background concentrations.  Well 2 yielded water






                                37

-------
with noticeable odor, and, upon atmospheric exposure, iron pre-



cipitated.  Cyanide 0.005, barium 0.2, and arsenic 0.04 mg/1



were present above background concentrations.  Light volatile



organic compounds were also detected.



     The background well produced water of seawater salinity and



with a number of heavy metals.  The location of the well virtu-



ally precluded contamination from leachate.  Surveys by the



National Oceanic  and Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA) of the



New York bight and Long Island, New York, bays have reported



concentrations of heavy metals in sediments greatly exceeding



concentrations in water, and even in sewage sludge for some



elements. H) Similar heavy metal contamination may be contrib-




uting to the water withdrawn from Well 4.   The presence of high



iron and manganese concentrations in Wells 1 and 2 in compari-



son to Well 4 suggests that they are affected by landfill



leachate.



     Site CT S-2.  The site, in east-central Connecticut, is



privately owned and occupies part of a meander of a moderately-



sized river.  Dry demolition fill (concrete,  tree stumps, etc.)



municipal trash, and industrial wastes are accepted.   The indus-



trial wastes, mainly organic solvents, have been received for



at least 25 years.



     Geology consists of flood-plain sediments (sands and silts)



about 5 m (16 ft) thick over glacial till'of undetermined thick-



ness.  Unconsolidated deposits are reported to be a maximum of



30 m (100  ft) in thickness over crystalline bedrock (gneiss).



Ground-water movement from the liquid impoundment is  toward the
                                38

-------
river, which bounds  the  lagoon  on  three  sides.  Water  levels



within the lagoon were about  5  m  (16  ft)  higher than the  river



level at the time of inspection (September  1976).



     Five monitoring wells were drilled  in  September 1976,



around the outside of the fill  dike.  They  were 5  to 6 m  (15-20



ft) in depth, with water levels between  2 and  4 m  (6 and  12 ft)



below grade.  These  encountered mostly fine silty  sands.



     A water sample  taken from  the  lagoon was  less heavily con-



taminated because of rain-water dilution  than  samples  taken from



the monitoring wells.  Ground-water samples were noticeably con-



taminated with organic substances.  Halogenated compounds, PCB's



or similar compounds, were detected,  but  in less than  0.001 mg/1



concentrations.  However, volatile  organic  compounds were detec-



ted at concentrations up to 1,000 mg/1 in the  ground water.  A



number of common ketones and  alcohols used  as  industrial sol-



vents are discarded  in the lagoon.  Copper  (0.12 mg/1), nickel



(0.11 mg/1), mercury (0.0006  mg/1), selenium (0.41 mg/1), and



cyanide (0.02 mg/1)  were detected  in  one or more of the ground-



water samples.  Background analyses were obtained from a nearby



fish hatchery where  production  wells  are finished in the same



water-bearing formation.  Background water  quality does not in-



dicate contamination, based on  available analyses.



     Site CT S-3.  This western Connecticut site has been oper-
             	    •


ating since the 1930's and receives a wide  variety of municipal



and industrial wastes.  It consists of a roughly circular 16 ha



by 15 m (40 acre by  50 ft)  high landfill mound.  A circular



lagoon,  10 to 12 m (35-40 ft)  in diameter at the mound apex,
                                39

-------
appears to receive large volumes of liquid wastes and sludges.
     Local topography is quite hilly with narrow valleys char-
acteristically occupied by streams, ponds, and wetlands.  The
landfill is located on a wetland encircled by small streams and
ponds.  Nearby locations are characterized by glacial till over-
burden atop dense metamorphic bedrock, both of low permeability,
with occasional sand and gravel stream channel deposits of high
permeability.  The unconsolidated deposits are generally quite
thin, with bedrock surfaces being the major controlling factor
in both ground-water and surface-water flow.
     Monitoring Wells 1 and 2, located at the wetland site pe-
rimeter about 91 m (300 ft) east of the fill mound and Well 3
designated as background, southwest of the site, were installed
in October 1976.  Depths of Wells 1, 2, and 3 are 1.8 m (6 ft),
5.2 m (17 ft), and 3.8 m (12.5 ft)  respectively, with Well 3
positioned close to the foot of a hilly area which rises about
91 m (300 ft)  higher than that of the valley in which the land-
fill is located.  Ground water was encountered between depths
of from 2 to 3 m (6-9 ft) below land surface.
     Well 1 yielded odorous water containing chromium (0.01
mg/1)  and cyanide (0.007 mg/1).  Well 2 bailed dry,  did not
recover during the day's operation, and was not sampled.
Well 3 yielded water easily and a clear sample without detect-
                                              *
able odor was collected, in contrast to the strong leachate
odor noted in the sample from Well 1.   Chromium and cyanide
found in Well 1 were not detectable in the background water
sample.   Neither of the ground-water samples showed organic
contamination.

                                40

-------
                             Florida



     Site FL S-l.  The site  is  located  in northeastern Florida



and consists of seven waste  lagoons.  Acid  sludge  and waste  clay



from oil rerefining were disposed of in the lagoons  for  an inde-



terminate length of time.  The  lagoons  were abandoned about  15



years ago.




     As a part of the project,  four wells were installed adja-



cent to the lagoons in September 1976.   Split-spoon  samples  were



taken every 1.5 m (5 ft) to  a 15 m  (50  ft)  depth,  and every  3 m



(10 ft) to a final depth of  37  m (120 ft) in the first well



constructed.  These samples  showed fine to  very fine sand con-



taining varying amounts of silt, clay,  and  shell fragments to a



depth of 26 m (84 ft) and a  silty clay  containing  traces of  very



fine sand and shells to a depth of 37 m (120 ft).  A thin bed of



weathered coquina was encountered at a  depth of 4.3 m (14 ft).



The other three wells were completed to depths of  9, 18, and



24 m (30, 60, and 80 ft), respectively.



     Because of the nature of the contamination, shallow and



deep core samples were chosen for analysis.  Relatively high



concentrations of chromium,  copper, lead, and vanadium (4.8,



1.1, 8.0, and 13 mg/1 respectively) were detected  in the shallow



sample.  Chromium, copper,and lead were  also present at  lower



concentrations in the deeper core sample.   Heavy volatile




organic compounds were present  in both  the  shallow and deep




cores (5,800 and 300 mg/1 respectively), but PCB-type compounds



(0.005 mg/1)  were detected only in the  deeper one.
                                41

-------
     Water samples collected  from the  three monitoring wells



contained halogenated compounds not corresponding  to pesticides




or PCB standards.  Barium  (0.1 mg/1) and  selenium  (0.02 mg/1)



were the only toxic metals detected in these water samples.



All of the wells installed proved to be within  the zone of



contamination.  A nearby residential well was used for back-



ground monitoring,- and the water obtained showed no contamina-




tion.



                           Illinois



     Site IL S-l.  The site is located in east-central Illinois,



and consists of a 28-ha (70-acre) landfill.  Wastes from chemi-



cal and biological laboratories, in addition to industrial and



municipal wastes, are accepted.  The site was opened in the



1930's, but the period over which hazardous waste  has been



accepted is not documented.



     Available borehole and water-well logs indicate that the



area is underlain by about 76 m (250 ft)  of glacial drift with



several continuous units of water-bearing sand and  gravel over



shale bedrock.  The site is situated on land that  slopes gently



toward a drainage ditch.  Three monitoring wells were finished



in the drift at depths ranging from 6 to 12 m (20-40 ft)  below



ground surface.   Water levels measured in these wells ranged in



depth from 1.5 m (5 ft)  in the southeast corner of the site to



4.6 m (15 ft)  in the north-central portion of the property-  The




water table is presumed to slope in a northeasterly direction



toward the drainage ditch.
                                42

-------
     Monitoring Wells  1  and  2,  located  122 m  (400  ft)  and  3 m



 (10 ft) northeast of the fill,  respectively,  and Well  3 desig-



nated as background, 152 m  (500  ft)  southeast of the fill, were



sampled in December 1976.




     Water from Well 1 contained barium of 0.1 mg/1.   Well 2



contained 0.08 mg/1 of nickel and 0.2 mg/1 of barium,  neither



of which was detected  in Well 3.  However, 0.01 mg/1 of lead



was detected in Well 3,  but  not  in the  others.  The non-hazard-



ous leachate constituents calcium, magnesium, iron, and sodium




were all in elevated concentrations  in  Well 2 in comparison to



Well 3.  Thus, although  lead was detected in  Well  3, according



to the other chemical  data it does not  appear to be contaminated



with leachate.  None of  the  samples  contained detectable concen-



trations of organic compounds.



     Site IL S-2.  The site  is  located  in northeastern Illinois,



and consists of a 16-ha  (40-acre) landfill.   Wastes accepted at



the site include municipal refuse, oils and solvents,  inks, and



sludges from metal plating and  fabricating industries.  Hazard-



ous waste disposal began in  1972 and is still continuing.



     Data from soil borings  and  observation wells  indicate that



the area is underlain by about  12 m  (40 ft) of silty clay till



over fractured dolomite  bedrock.  A  layer of  sand  and gravel



occurs just above the bedrock surface.  Monitoring facilities



consist of four wells  finished  in the till at depths ranging




from 5 to 9 m (15-30 ft)   below ground surface.



     A well designated as background (east) and two monitoring




wells were sampled in December 1976.  Although the background
                                43

-------
well was located upgradient of the landfill, it was within 366



m  (1,200 ft) of an agricultural field used for land-spreading



of sewage sludge.  The other wells were located 4.5m  (15 ft)



west and 450 m  (1,500 ft) north of the landfill.



     Traces of halogenated compounds were detected in  all of



the samples, indicating contamination.  The west well  sample



contained 950 mg/1 of sulfate, 320 mg/1 of calcium, and 310



mg/1 of magnesium.  There were no other results for comparison,



but based on experience with ground-water chemistry, those con-



centrations would be considered above average and probably re-



flect leachate contamination.



     Site IL S-3.  The site is a 10-ha (25-acre) landfill lo-



cated in northwestern Illinois.  Municipal refuse, municipal



sewage sludge, industrial oils, and metal finishing sludges are



accepted.  Hazardous waste has been accepted since 1972.



     Soil boring data and well logs indicate that the  area is



underlain by about 9 m (30 ft)  of loess and 37 m (120  ft)  of



silty clay and till overlying limestone bedrock.  The  site is



situated near the Mississippi River on loess bluffs, which are



dissected by steep ravines draining toward the river about



three-quarters of a mile to the north.



     The four monitoring wells at the site range in depth from



5 to 9 m (15-30 ft) below land surface. .Three wells were sam-



pled in December 1976;  however, one well did not yield enough



water for even a partial analysis.  The two wells that were



successfully sampled were located on either side of a drainage
                                44

-------
divide running through the site.  Well 7 is located about 366 m



(1,200 ft) north of the nearest fill material, and Well 2 is



located approximately 91 m (300 ft) south of the fill.  Well 7



was to provide an indication of background water quality, if the




most recently deposited waste buried to the north of the drainage



divide had not caused contaminated ground water to migrate as



far downgradient as this well.




     Both water samples contained traces of halogenated com-



pounds, indicating contamination.  Well 2 had 0.01 mg/1 of cop-



per, and Wells 2 and 7 had 0.2 and 0.1 mg/1 of barium, respec-



tively.  The water sample from Well 2 contained much higher



concentrations of sulfate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and



sodium than water from Well 7.



     Site IL S-4.  The site is located in northern Illinois, and




consists of a 12-ha  (30-acre) landfill.  Hazardous waste disposal



began in 1972 and includes municipal sewage sludge, municipal



refuse, paint sludges, organic solvents, and metal plating




sludges.



     According to well logs and field observations, the area is



underlain by up to 21 m (up to 70 ft)  of sand and gravel over



fractured dolomite bedrock.  The site itself is an old gravel



pit and rock quarry on the edge of the flood plain of a nearby



creek.  A 5.1-cm (2-in.)  thick asphaltic liner, on the base



and sides of the pit, and a leachate collection system were




installed prior to landfilling.



     Three monitoring wells are finished in the sand and gravel



at depths ranging from 11 to 14 m (35-45 ft)  below land surface.
                                45

-------
The water table appears to slope to the west and southwest



toward a creek.  Water levels in the wells were within 6 m  (20



ft) of land surface.  The background water sample was collected



from a tap at the scale house near the site entrance.  The  tap



was connected to a residential well located about 152 m  (500 ft)



northeast of the fill, and is routinely substituted for the orig-



inal background well that is often dry.  Monitoring Wells 4 and



6 are approximately 152 and 213 m  (500 and 700 ft) from the fill,



respectively.  These wells were sampled in December 1976.   The



wells were not heavily contaminated, but traces of halogenated



compounds were detected in the three wells.  Monitoring Well 6



also contained 0.1 mg/1 of barium.  The tap water sample con-



tained 1.3 mg/1 of zinc that is likely to have come from galva-



nized piping or the storage tank.



     Site IL S-5.  The site is a 16-ha (40-acre)  landfill loca-



ted in northeastern Illinois.  Hazardous waste has been accepted



since 1970 and includes municipal sewage sludge,  industrial



organic and heavy metal sludges, and industrial wash-down water.



Trenches are lined with clay, and leachate is recirculated.



     Soil-boring data and well logs indicate that the area  is



underlain by about 37 m (120 ft) of silty clay till, with sand



and gravel lenses, over fractured dolomite bedrock.  The site



is bounded by a river on its eastern edge.  Five 15-m (50-ft)



deep monitoring wells are finished in the till.



     Well 5, designated as background, is located about 610 m



(2,000 ft) north of the disposal site.  Monitoring Wells 3  and 4



are located between the fill and the river, approximately 152
                               46

-------
and 15 m  (500 and  50  ft)  from the  fill, respectively.



     Samples from  the three wells  were collected in December



1976.  Small concentrations of heavy metals, cyanide, and phenol



were detected.  Hazardous constituents present in one or more



of the samples included chromium 0.01, nickel 0.1, barium 0.1,



and cyanide 0.007  mg/1.   Traces of halogenated organic compounds



were detected in all  samples.




     Site IL S-6.  This site is a  landfill located in south-



western Illinois.  The landfill is over 10 years old and has



received solvents, resins, and other wastes from plastics manu-



facturing.  Following two serious  fires in 1974, the facility



no longer accepts  containers of unknown chemicals.  The current



permit does'not allow hazardous waste disposal.



     One monitoring well was sampled in March 1977.  The well



was finished at a  depth of 4 m (13 ft), and was located about



27 m (90 ft)  west  of  the  filled area.  A background sample was



obtained from a well  at a nearby location screened in the same




aquifer.



     Hazardous constituents that were present in concentrations



above background were copper 0.01, nickel 0.10, lead 0.10,



selenium 0.02, and barium 3.8 mg/1.  Halogenated organic com-



pounds were also present  in trace  amounts (less than 0.001 mg/1).



Non-hazardous constituents were also present in concentrations



up to several hundred times background.   For example:   chloride




4,156,  calcium 890, and sodium 830 mg/1.
                                47

-------
                            Indiana




     Site IN S-l.   This plant site is  located  in  southwestern



 Indiana.  It has two lagoons which are  used  to  settle  effluent



 from the industry's waste water treatment  facility before  being



 discharged to the ground surface.  Hydraulic  fluid containing



 PCB's is known to have been a component of the  plant waste



 stream in the past, although recently PCB-free  hydraulic fluids .



 have been used.



     Available well logs and field observations indicate that



 the area is underlain by about 6 to 12  m (20-40 ft) of residual



 clay soil over fractured limestone bedrock.



     Since no monitoring facilities existed at  the site, supply



 wells were inventoried.  Three wells were chosen for sampling



 by considering their positions relative to the  settling lagoons



 and surface drainage patterns.  They are located 120 to 390 m



 (400-1,300 ft)  from the lagoons in a valley draining to the east.



 A fourth sample was taken of surface-water discharge from  the



 lower lagoon to characterize any hazardous constituents in the



 waste.




     It should be noted that access to  the site was requested



 through the Division of Water, Indiana State Board of Health,



but access was  denied by the site owner.  Inspection and sub-



 sequent sampling of the residential wells and surface-water



discharge were  conducted off the property in the presence of



an official from the State Board of Health.



     Hazardous  constituents detected in one or more of the sam-



ples above background and their maximum concentrations are
                                48

-------
cyanide 0.01, zinc 0.92, cobalt 0.01, and traces of halogenated



compounds.  The background well was free of contamination except



for a trace of cyanide.




     Site IN S-2.  This site in northwestern Indiana is a land-



fill 16 ha  (40 acres) in area and 12 m  (40 ft) deep, with two




industrial lagoons contiguous to it.  The landfill accepts munic-



ipal and'unknown quantities of hazardous industrial wastes.  In




addition to the waste deposited in the  landfill, seepage from



the lagoons enters the landfill.  Suspected contaminants from



the lagoons include heavy metals and organic substances.



     Previous sand excavation operations indicate the presence



of a glacial till about 30 m (100 ft) thick, which overlies



dolomite bedrock.  Infiltration from a  river to the south, com-



bined with ground-water inflow on the other three sides, filled



the pit with water.  Ditches and drains now direct water to a



sump where it is pumped at an estimated 63 litres/sec (1,000



gpm) during the wet season.  The quality of the sump discharge



is better than the river water quality, reflecting other indus-




trial discharge to the river.



     A seepage area in the wall of the  lagoon immediately to



the west of the pit was the first sampling point (Seep 1).  A



second sampling point (Seep 2)  at the base of the north pit wall



showed signs of an oil/water mixture seeping through from a



lagoon to the north of the site, and was chosen to check chemi-




cal quality of incoming ground water.  The third sampling point



chosen was the sump in the southeast part of the landfill pit




(sump discharge).
                                49

-------
     Samples were collected in. November 1976.  Considerable
contamination was present.  Hazardous constituents and their
maximum concentrations detected above background in the samples
are chromium 0.01, arsenic 5.8, lead 0.3, cyanide 0.27, halo-
genated organic compounds 0.003, and heavy volatile organic
compounds 0.06 mg/1.
     Site IN S-3.  The site is located in southwestern Indiana
and encompasses a landfill which receives municipal refuse and
about 1.5 cu m/day (2 cu yd/day) of mixed waste from a large
ferrous metal industry.  Hazardous components are suspected to
be in the industrial waste.  The age of the landfill is unknown,
but industrial waste has been accepted for the past four years.
     No well logs were available, but field observations indi-
cate the immediate area of the site is underlain by about 24 m
(80 ft) of sand over fractured limestone bedrock.  The fill is
situated atop a hill, and a spring feeds an intermittent stream
draining to the west.
     Since no monitoring facilities exist at the site, two water
supply wells and a spring were sampled.   Well 2 is 122 m (400 ft)
northeast of the fill at a single residential trailer, while
Well 1 is about 305 m (1,000 ft) to the north of the fill and
supplies water to over 30 residential trailers.  The seep/spring
was sampled for detection purposes because it is fed from the
south side of the sand hill upon which the fill is located.
     The spring water sampled contained 1.1 mg/1 of copper and
0.02 mg/1 of heavy volatile organic compounds.  Well 1 had no
organic contamination, but showed 0.03 mg/1 of cobalt above
background.
                                50

-------
     Site  IN  S-4.  The  site  is  located  in  southwestern  Indiana




and has an open dump which is presently inactive.  A variety of



industrial wastes have  been  dumped,  including PCB-containing



materials.  Open dumping began  in the late  1950's  and continued




until 1972 when the site was closed.  Available well logs and



field observations indicate  the area is underlain  by up to  3 m



(up to 10  ft) of clayey residual soil over  highly  fractured



limestone bedrock.




     Since no monitoring facilities  existed at the site, four



water wells located 274 to 457 m  (900 to 1,500 ft) from the dump



site and two  seeps were inventoried  and sampled.   The wells in-



cluded two residential  supply wells  tapping the limestone and



a shallow  dug well finished  in  the residual soil.  All are  loca-



ted in a valley southwest of the fill.   A seep from the face of



the fill and  one from the bedrock downhill  and northwest of the



site were  sampled.  An  additional residential supply well fin-



ished in the  limestone  and located to the east of  the fill was



sampled for background  quality.




     Water samples collected in November 1976 from the seeps



were contaminated with  chromium, nickel, selenium, barium, and



cyanide.   Selenium at 0.01 mg/1 concentration was  also detected



in all of the wells.  Well 3 was found  to contain  .003 mg/1 of




halogenated organic compounds.



     Site IN S-5.  The  site, in northeastern Indiana, is a land-



fill which had been an  open dump before  1969.  Open dumping



began in the early 1950's with deposition of unknown quantities




of potentially hazardous industrial wastes.  Available borings




                                51

-------
and well logs indicate the area  is underlain by  24  to  27 m
 (80-90 ft) of sandy clay, sand,  and gravel over  limestone
bedrock.
     Existing monitoring facilities at the site  consist of  five
wells finished at depths varying from 3 to 4 m  (9-14 ft) below
ground surface.  Water levels measured in these  wells  show  an
average depth to the water table of 1.8 m (6 ft).   The hydraulic
gradient at the site could not be determined, so all five moni-
toring wells were selected for sampling because  they are distrib-
uted around three sides of the fill at distances of 60 to 230 m
 (200-750 ft).
     Samples were collected in November 1976.  Hazardous con-
stituents and their maximum concentrations present  in one or
more of the wells above background are cyanide 0.03, barium 1.1,
and heavy volatile organic compounds 0.03 mg/1.  Samples also
contained traces of halogenated organic compounds.
                         Massachusetts
     Site MA S-l.  The site, a landfill located  in north-central
Massachusetts, occupies an area of 14 ha (35 acres) and has been
operating about 25 years.  Plastic manufacturing wastes, includ-
ing liquids, are accepted.   Sewage sludge is also disposed  of in
one part of the landfill.
     The landfill is located on the south side of a river on the
flood plain about 0.8 km (0.5 miles)  in width.   Ground-water
movement is northward toward the river.   Depth to bedrock at the
site is unknown; however, at a proposed background well location
adjacent to the site drilling refusal was reached at about  15 m
                                52

-------
(50 ft), and it is likely that depth to bedrock  is less than




30 m  (100 ft) in the area.  Till predominates, although some



coarse  stream gravels may be found locally, as at Well 2.



     Four holes were drilled in October 1976, but only one was



finished in material permeable enough to yield water.  Thus, no




background data is available.  Well 2 was finished in a sand and



gravel  formation that yielded clear water with an organic sol-



vent odor.




     The presence of 0.01 mg/1 of chromium, 0.04 mg/1 of copper,



0.97 mg/1 of zinc, 0.07 mg/1 of selenium, traces of halogenated



organic compounds, and higher than usual concentrations of non-



hazardous leachate indicators, provide convincing evidence of



leachate and hazardous substance contamination.



     Site MA S-2.  The site is located in north-central Massa-



chusetts, and consists of a landfill integrated with a small



lagoon.  The landfill, in operation since 1971, is about 91 m



(300 ft) square and about 9 m (30 ft)  deep.  The lagoon, loca-



ted in  the landfill center, is 12 m (40 ft) in diameter.  Acid



pickling waste is lagooned after neutralization with soda ash.



Most of the solid refuse is of municipal origin, but some wool-



processing wastes are also included.



     Geology consists of thick glacial overburden and recent bog



sediments atop crystalline metamorphic bedrock which outcrops




at the  southwest corner of the site.  Ground-water flow appears



to be generally northward and locally from the landfill in all




directions into swamps surrounding the site on three sides.  The



bedrock outcrop suggests a hydraulic boundary west of the site.





                                53

-------
     Three wells 4.3 to 5.3 m  (14-17.5 ft) deep were drilled in



November 1976, and had water levels of 1.2 to 1.5 m  (4-5 ft)



below grade.  Well 1 was screened in fine silty sands, while



Wells 2 and 3 were screened in very coarse gravels.  Well 3 was



drilled adjacent to a large pond 152 m (500 ft) south of the



site.  All of the wells were drilled along an abandoned railroad



right-of-way.



     Water from Well 2 contained nickel, 0.04 mg/1; arsenic,



0.65 mg/1; barium, 0.1 mg/1, and cobalt, 0.08 mg/1; all of which



are above background concentrations.  Traces of halogenated



organic compounds and volatile organic compounds were also de-



tected.  Well 3 was located where landfill contamination was



thought to be unlikely.  However, traces of halogenated organic



compounds and volatile organic compounds were also detected in



Wells 1 and 3.  This indicates that the organic contamination



may have resulted from oils being spread by rolling stock or



from leaching of wood preservatives along the railroad bed.



The inorganic contamination appears to have come from the land-



fill.



     Site MA S-3.  The site, located on Massachusetts' south-



western coast, has operated as a municipal refuse dump since



1926, and as a sanitary landfill since 1971.  Incineration



facilities dating from the early 1920's are on site.  It is



estimated that 36 ha (90 acres) have been filled to a depth of



about 4.5 m (15 ft) with wastes of all types.  At least 227,000



kg (500,000 Ib)  of this waste is PCB-containing industrial



materials from electronics manufacturing.  An undetermined





                                54

-------
 quantity of liquid PCB's has been dumped.




     Site topography consists of wetlands with glacial  lake



deposits 12 to 15 m (40-50 ft) thick over bedrock.  A layer of



peat about 2.4 m  (8 ft) thick covers the glacial deposits and



was penetrated by all borings.  Ground water was 0.6 m  (2 ft)



or less below land surface.  Since peat is more permeable than



the silty lake deposits it is probable that most ground-water



flow (and leachate migration) is through the peat.



     Four observation wells were installed in March 1976 using



well points set at depths ranging from 3.3 to 4.8 m (11-16 ft).



The wells are located along the bottom of the western landfill



slope, about 15 m  (50 ft) from the edge of the fill.  Sampling



of Wells 1 through 3 took place in November 1976.  No background



well was available for sampling, and Well 4 was inaccessible.



     Copper was the only toxic heavy metal observed in  the sam-



ples, and its maximum concentration was only 0.01 mg/1.  Traces



of halogenated organic compounds, presumably PCB's, in  concen-



trations of less than 0.001 mg/1 were detected in each  of the



three samples.  The concentrations were too low for quantifica-



tion of the components.  The non-hazardous constituents were of



virtually the same concentration in all samples and showed no




apparent effect from leachate.



     Site MA -4.  The site is located in extreme western Massa-



chusetts, and consists of a landfill with incineration  facili-




ties.  The landfill occupies an area of about 14 ha (35 acres).



A variety of industrial wastes are received, with PCB wastes the



only kind identified chemically-  The landfill began operation
                                55

-------
in 1953, and accepted PCB's until 1970.



     The landfill is located on river flood plain sediments in



a 2.4-km (1.5-mile)  wide valley, between bedrock highlands which



rise 183 to 244 m (600 to 800 ft)  above the valley floor.  The



thickness of unconsolidated sediments at the site is unknown.



The normal ground-water movement is toward the river, although



flood-stage river conditions may reverse the direction for short



periods.  The character of unconsolidated sediments indicates a



high probability of rapid leachate migration away from the site.



     Three wells were drilled in November 1976.  Two monitoring



wells are located between the landfill and the river, and a



background quality well.  Wells 1 and 3 were installed for moni-



toring and Well 2 for background.   Well 1 produced the most




mineralized water containing the following components in mg/1:



selenium 0.08,  chromium 0.01, nickel 0.05, barium 0.1, and a



light volatile  organic compound 1.2.  Calcium, magnesium, sodium



and iron were in elevated concentrations, giving further evi-



dence of leachate contamination.  Well 3 produced water contain-



ing two light volatile compounds with concentrations of 10.3 and



5.6 mg/1.



     Site MA S-5.  The site is located in south-central Massa-



chusetts and consists of a  1.9 ha (4.6 acres)  landfill having



an average thickness of about 11 m (35 ft).   The landfill is



situated on a point of land bounded by rivers and has been



operating since the early 1970's.   No tabulation of waste type



(domestic,  commercial, or industrial)  has been made.  Site per-



sonnel report receipt of industrial wastes with liquid wastes
                                56

-------
that are spread indiscriminately on the surface.  An incinera-




tor, fly-ash lagoons, and a sewage treatment plant are located



adjacent to the landfill.



     The landfill is located in a large river valley on flood



plain sediments at the confluence of two major rivers, placing




the site on a peninsula.  The thickness of unconsolidated sands,



gravels, and clays is reported to be 30 m (100 ft) or more.



Ground-water flow is divided along the southeast trending axis



of the peninsula  (ground-water divide).



     Four wells were drilled in November 1976.  They were



screened in fine to coarse sand which underlies an apparent



alluvial deposit of finer texture.  Wells 1, 2, and 3 are situ-



ated downgradient of south-flowing ground water recharged at the



landfill.  Well 4 (background) is located on the river bank



about 427 m (1,400 ft) west of the expected path of leachate



flow.



     A composite water sample from Wells 2 and 3 contained



chromium 0.01, selenium 0.02, barium 0.1, and volatile organic



compounds 1.0 mg/1.  Well 1 also contained chromium, selenium,



and barium.  The background well (Well 4) showed slight contam-



ination as 0.01 mg/1 of chromium and 0.03 mg/1 of selenium.




Also, 2.1 mg/1 of volatile organic compounds were detected.



An industrial development upgradient of the well could have



affected water quality in the background well, and, therefore,




background data is considered inadequate at this site.
                                57

-------
                           Michigan



     Site MI S-l.  The site is  located  in  southwestern Michigan,



 and has a waste water lagoon facility located on the  property  of



 a metal finishing plant.  Metal plating waste containing  heavy .



 metals and cyanide is pumped into a seepage  lagoon, the third  in



 operation since construction of the plant—the  first  two  lagoons



 were abandoned in 1973.  Effluent discharge  to  the lagoon is



 estimated at 4.4 litres/sec (69 gpm) .



     Soil boring data and well  logs indicate that the area is



 underlain by about 30 m  (100 ft) of glacial drift over shale



 bedrock.  The upper 21 m (70 ft) of drift  consists of sand and



 gravel with minor clay lenses which become more-predominant in



 the lower sections of the drift.  The three monitoring wells are



 finished in the sand and gravel at an average depth of 20  m



 (66 ft) .  The two supply wells for the plant arfe completed in



 the sand and gravel at depths of 21 to 23 m  (70-75 ft) below



 land surface.



     Monitoring Wells 2 and 3 are located about 45 m  (150  ft)



 northwest and 30 m (100 ft)  southwest of the active lagoon,



 respectively.  The background well serves a residence about



 400 m  (1,300 ft)  west of the active lagoon and was free of



 contamination.  Sampling took place in September 1976.



     Monitoring Well 2 was the most contaminated, and its  water



 sample contained 0.36 mg/1 of chromium,  2.8 mg/1 of copper,



 0.67 mg/1 of nickel, 0.01 mg/1 of hexavalent chromium, 0.0008



mg/1 of mercury,  0.08 mg/1 of selenium,  0.15 mg/1 of molybdenum,



 0.05 mg/1 of cobalt, and 14 mg/1 of cyanide.  Traces  of
                                58

-------
 chlorinated phenols were also detected in this sample.  The




water sample collected from the plant supply wells contained



0.63 mg/1 of cyanide.  The relatively high sulfate and chloride



concentrations observed in the monitoring wells probably reflect



acids in the waste water.




     Site MI S-2.  The site is located in southeastern Michigan,



and consists of a 9-m  (30-ft) diameter dry well that receives



treated acid pickling liquor from a steel treatment process.



The waste contains iron, oils, and traces of cyanide.  When



disposal began in the early 1950's, a leaching pit was used.



This was abandoned in 1971 when the dry well was installed.



The pickling liquor is not a constant component of the total



waste, but is usually discharged once a week.



     The area is underlain by glacial drift to a depth of 30 m



(100 ft).  The drift is composed primarily of sand and gravel



with clay lenses.  The site is situated on land sloping to the



east toward a lowland marsh and lake, a distance of about 213 m



(700 ft) from the plant.



     No monitoring wells have been installed, but three water



supply wells finished in sand and gravel were sampled in Septem-



ber 1976.  The well used for background serves a residence about



550 m (1,800 ft) northwest of the disposal well.



     Selenium and barium were found in the water from Well 1,



at their detection limits.  Water from Well 2 contained nickel




at a concentration of 0.01 mg/1.  Water from the background well




showed no heavy metals.
                                59

-------
     Site MI S-3.  The facility,  located  in  the  north-central

 region of Michigan, is a seepage  lagoon on the property  of  a

 copper and brass tubing fabricator.  The  lagoon  receives treated

 rinse water from pickling solutions used  in  the  sulfuric acid

 and dichromate dip processing of  the metals.  From  the early

 1940's until 1959, the effluent was discharged to a tile field

 east of the plant.  A lagoon was  then constructed,  covering 511

 sq m (5,500 sq ft), which receives about  25,450  litres/day

 (6,700 gal./day) of effluent.

     Glacial outwash underlies the site to a depth  of at least

 21 m (70 ft).  The outwash is composed of sand,  gravel,  and

 minor amounts of sandy clay.  Below the outwash  materials,  clay

 strata 3m (10 ft) or more in thickness are present.  The site

 is situated on. fairly flat land sloping gently to the north and

 northeast toward an extensive lowland marsh, about  1.6 km

 (1 mile)  from the property.


     There are nine monitoring wells finished in the sand and

 gravel at depths of 9 to 14 m (30-45 ft) below land  surface.

 Monitoring Wells 1 and 3 are downgradient and upgradient of the

 lagoon, respectively.  Two water  supply wells are located 91 m

 (300 ft)  and 213 m (700 ft) southwest of the lagoon.


     An engineering report, received after samples were  taken,

 noted that sludge from the bottom of the lagoon was removed and

buried just south of Well 3.  The report also noted that new


 galvanized iron pipe was used for well casing in the monitoring

wells.   Zinc concentrations in the samples reflected the con-
                                                             »
tact of the water with zinc-coated casings.
                                60

-------
     Hazardous constituents above background, present  in one or



more of the monitoring wells, noted with  their maximum concen-



trations are 0.03 mg/1 of copper, 0.03 mg/1 of nickel, 31.0 mg/1



of zinc, 0.06 mg/1 of cyanide, 0.1 mg/1 of barium, 0.0005 mg/1 of



mercury.  Traces of organic compounds were found in all wells.




None of the wells were completely free of contamination.  Well 1



was the most mineralized, as evidenced by relatively higher con-



centrations of non-hazardous constituents.



     Site MI S-4.  The site has a tile drainage field  that



receives process waste water from an electronics manufacturing



plant, and is located in central Michigan.  The treated effluent



contains trace quantities of mercury and other heavy metals.



Disposal began in the mid-1950's when effluent was discharged



into a seepage pond near the present tile field.  In 1971 this



pond was abandoned and filled.  Effluent was diverted  to three



new seepage ponds until the present system became operative in



1975.  Waste water discharge amounts to about 2,270 litres/day



(600 gal./day) and the tile field covers about 111 sq m (1,200




sq ft).



     Available geologic data indicate that the area is underlain



by glacial deposits to a depth of at least 60 m (200 ft).   The



deposits are composed of layers of sand and gravel separated



by clay strata of varying thicknesses.  The site is situated on



fairly flat land sloping gently toward an area of marshes and




water-filled gravel pits.



     There are three monitoring wells installed in sand and




gravel at depths of 3.6 to 4.3 m (12-14 ft)  below land surface.
                                 61

-------
The service building well and boiler house well are finished in



sand and gravel at depths of 58 m  (190 ft) and 27 m (90 ft),



respectively, at a distance of about 91 m  (300 ft) from the tile



field and abandoned seepage pond.  The north well  (monitoring)



is located about 61 m (200 ft)  south of the tile field and  about



46 m (150 ft) west of the filled seepage pond.



     Three wells were sampled in October 1976.  The service



building well showed traces of chlorinated phenol, but other-



wise appeared free of contamination.  The boiler house well



water showed a similar analysis of phenol, but also contained



0.01 mg/1 of cyanide as did the north monitoring well.  In  addi-



tion, the north well water contained 0.02 mg/1 of copper, 0.08



mg/1 of nickel, 0.01 mg/1 of selenium, 0.17 mg/1 of cobalt,



and elevated concentrations of sulfate, calcium and sodium.



     Site MI S-5.   The site is  located in west-central Michigan,



and includes four liquid waste  lagoons on the site of an engine



manufacturing plant.  Liquid waste which contains aluminum,



cadmium, chromium, cyanide and zinc is pumped to the lagoons



from the plant.  The lagoons are about 3 m (10 ft)  deep and



cover less than an acre.  Averaged over one year, the daily



volume of effluent is estimated at 75,700 litres (20,000 gal.).



Soil borings and well logs indicate that the area is underlain



by sand and minor amounts of gravel to a depth of at least 18 m



(60 ft).



     Four monitoring wells are  finished in sand at depths of



14 to 15 m (45-50 ft)  below land surface.  Water-level data were



inadequate to define the ground-water gradient.  Well 1 is






                                62

-------
located  91 m  (300  ft) east of the  lagoons, and Wells  2,  3,  and  4


are on the north,  west, and south  sides of the lagoons,  respec-
                                    *

tively.


     The wells were sampled in October 1976.  Water samples from


monitoring wells contained one or  more of the following  hazard-


ous constituents above background, given at their maximum con-


centrations:  0.07 mg/1 of copper, 0.02 mg/1 of nickel,  2.9 mg/1


of zinc, 0.02 mg/1 of selenium, 0.04 mg/1 of cyanide, and 0.003


mg/1 of organic compounds.  Mineralization by non-hazardous


constituents were  particularly noticeable in samples  from Wells


3 and 4.


                         New Hampshire


     Site NH S-l.  The site is located in southeastern New Hamp-


shire, and consists of a 24 ha (60 acres) landfill.   The landfill


accepts primarily  municipal trash  with significant quantities of


industrial waste from plastics and leather tanning industries.


The filled area rises 4.6 m (15 ft) above swampy lowlands which


border it on three sides.  Operations commenced in 1961  and the


site is presently  active.


     Geologic conditions are characterized by thin unconsoli-


dated deposits, mainly till, in elevated areas, and thicker,


fluvial or lacustrine sediments in the lowlands.  Numerous


springs, swamps, streams and ponds are found in the lowlands.


     In November 1976, two monitoring wells were drilled at


downgradient locations, both being screened in fine sands.


Well 2 was drilled at the south landfill boundary, opposite a


tannery sludge dump, and Well 3 on the north boundary, adjacent
                                63

-------
to a plastics waste disposal area.  Other liquid waste, probably


sewage sludge, is discharged indiscriminately at various loca-
                          *

tions.  A shallow dug well, serving as a domestic supply, was


sampled for background water quality at an upgradient location


about 550 m (1,800 ft) from the landfill.


     The sample from Well 2 was the most mineralized, and con-


tained 0.03 mg/1 of selenium, 0.2 mg/1 of barium, and 0.002 mg/1


of PCB's, all above background concentrations.  Iron and chlo-


ride, frequently indicators of leachate, were above background


concentrations.  Organic contamination included other halogen-


ated organic compounds, and eight light volatile organic com-


pounds.  The volatile compounds are not characterized beyond


relative boiling points.  They could be hydrocarbons, solvents,


or a mixture of non-halogenated compounds.  Well 3 yielded water


with selenium in a concentration above background and 28 mg/1


of light volatile organic compounds.  The background water sam-


ple was collected from a domestic well.  No organic constituents


were found in water from the background well.


     Site NH S-2.   This 18-ha (45-acre) site, located in extreme


southern New Hampshire, has been accepting a variety of munici-


pal and industrial wastes since opening in about 1970.  Sludge


from paint manufacturing is considered to be a major hazardous


waste.


     Topography consists of gently sloping land with low hills,


gradually decreasing in average elevation to the west, where a


major river is located about 914 m (3,000 ft) west of the land-


fill.  Subsurface geology consists of glacial ice-contact and
                                64

-------
outwash deposits in lowlands, with till  in the higher  areas.



Unconsolidated deposits are generally  less than  9 m  (30  ft)



thick, overlying crystalline bedrock.  Ground-water movement  is



considered to be almost due west where discharge to the  river



occurs.  Rapid leachate migration through the coarser  outwash



deposits is highly probable, with velocities lowered consider-



ably where till or other less permeable  overburden occurs.




     Three wells were drilled outside  of filled  areas.   Water



levels ranged from 2.4 to 4.3 m  (8-14  ft) below  grade.   Wells



1 and 2 were located downgradient of the fill area and Well 3



upgradient to serve as a background monitoring point.



     Water from Wells 1 and 2 contained  one or more hazardous



constituents.  Maximum concentrations  in mg/1 were selenium 0.09,



barium 0.1, PCB's 0.002, and light volatile organic compounds



171  (combined).  The background well was not contaminated with



these constituents.




                           New Jersey



     Site NJ S-l.  The site is located in southeastern New



Jersey and encompasses a 6.9-ha  (17-acre) dry lake formerly



used as a lagoon for liquid chemical wastes.  Liquid wastes were



discharged from tank trucks through a  spillway to the lagoon.



The site is now abandoned, and no records are available  to



indicate the total amount of waste discarded at the site.  The



former site owners produced Pharmaceuticals and pesticides.




     Five wells with 10-cm (4-in.) casings, and two borings with



3.2-cm (1-1/4-in.)  casings, comprise the monitoring facilities.




Boring 1, located about 30 m (100 ft)  from the lagoon, and
                                65

-------
Well 3, about 137 m  (450 ft) away, were chosen as being poten-




tially suitable for  leachate sampling.  Well 1 was installed  as



a background well, a little over 305 m  (1,000 ft) upgradient  of



the lagoon.  The lagoon is located in the recharge area of  a




major aquifer.



     Hazardous constituents above background detected in Bor-



ing 1 and Well 3 were 0.15 mg/1 of chromium, 0.81 mg/1 of copper,



0.04 mg/1 of cobalt, and 0.003 mg/1 of PCB-like compounds.  Zinc



was detected in high concentration (240 mg/1) in Boring 1,  but



was probably derived from galvanized materials in the screen  or



casing.  The background well did not show contamination.



     Site NJ S-2.  The site, located in southwestern New Jersey,



consists of a 20-ha  (50-acre)  landfill.  At the time of sampling



(August 1976)  the landfill was accepting only shredded automo-



biles, as a result of State imposed restrictions.  Previously,



municipal and industrial wastes and sewage sludge had been  dis-



posed of, creating a fill about 24 m (80 ft) thick.



     The landfill is located on a flood plan near a tidal marsh



and a small stream.  It is underlain by a thick layer of clay.



The low permeability of the clay probably causes most of the



leachate to discharge directly into the nearby creek.



     Two wells were installed.   Well 1 was located about 80 m



(260 ft)  east of the landfill.   Well 2 was located across the



creek about 137 m (450 ft)  west of the landfill.   The combina-



tion of copper (0.01 mg/1), nickel (0.2 mg/1),  and zinc (0.06



mg/1)  in Well 1 indicates leachate contamination.  The location



for Well 2 was chosen to show that migration of leachate beneath
                                66

-------
the creek was unlikely, and apparently such was the case.



Neither well showed organic contamination.




     Site NJ S-3.  This site, in east-central New Jersey, con-



tains a landfill/lagoon combination.  The facility received



liquid, sludge, and solid industrial wastes.  The lagoons were



excavations in the top surface of the landfill into which liquid



industrial wastes were poured.   (When possible, acid and alka-



line wastes were mixed to effect neutralization.)  The landfill



was closed to hazardous wastes in August 1976 by the New Jersey



Department of Environmental Protection.



     The landfill is situated less than 305 m (1,000 ft)  from a



major river in a marine tidal marsh.  A diabase dike underlies



at least the southern section of the landfill, but its extent



has not been entirely determined.  Overlying the diabase is a



shale formation, which in turn is overlain by clay.  The clay



and shale are of very low permeability.  A layer of sand and



gravel in some places rests upon the clay.  Leachate springs



were noted at several locations near the base of the landfill.



The leachate drains overland to the marsh.




     In June 1976, eight wells were installed ranging in depth



from 4.6 to 12 m  (15-40 ft).  The wells were located on the



west, south, and east sides of the filled area.   The background



well (Well 6)  was located about 137 m (450 ft) northeast of the




landfill.



     Brackish ground-water conditions made the contribution of



sodium, chloride, and other associated ions by leachate diffi-



cult to assess.  The only detectable heavy metal in ground water
                                67

-------
was lead  (19.0 mg/1) found in water from a well between the



landfill and river.  Organic contamination, however, was severe.



Toluene, xylenes, alkyl benzenes, alcohols, methyl ethyl ketone,



camphor, naphthalene, and benzene were all detected in one or



more of the monitoring wells, but not in the background.  An-



other well close to the river on the northwest side of the land-




fill which was expected to be contaminated was also free of



organic substances.  One ground-water sample contained cyanide.




     Site NJ S-4.  This site is located in south-central New



Jersey and covers approximately 2.8 ha (7 acres)-  It was once



operated as a liquid chemical waste recycling or treatment plant,



but is now abandoned.  Several lined lagoons remain, with one



still half-filled with a greenish-yellow liquid chemical waste.



The liners are useless because over 50 percent of the lining



material has been destroyed.   In addition, traces of powdered



chemicals and discarded drums of chemical waste are scattered



and buried on the site.



     The site is situated directly  above a major aquifer in the



Pine Barrens region of the state.  A large number of dead trees



around the perimeter of the site and extending for hundreds of



feet beyond at several points provides surface evidence of



ground-water contamination damage.   Four monitoring wells were



drilled in August 1976,  with  well logs reporting fine to medium



sand.   Clay layers, if present,  were too thin to be detected by



the auger method of well drilling.



     Monitoring Wells 1, 2, and 4 were installed southeast of



the lagoons,  and Well 3 was installed about 213 m (700 ft)  north-
                                68

-------
east of the  site as  a background well.




     Chromium was present  in  a  concentration of  420 mg/1  in



Well 2  and  1,200 mg/1 in  a sample of the  lagoon liquid.  Water



from Well 1  contained 0.07 mg/1 of nickel  and  0.24 mg/1 of sele-



nium, all above background.   Organic contaminants were found  in



the sample from Well 2;  there  were traces of  halogenated com-



pounds and 200 mg/1  of light  volatile compounds.  The background



sample (Well 3) contained  0.1 mg/1 of selenium,  but no organic



substances.




     Site NJ S-5.  The site is  located in  southwestern New Jer-



sey and consists of  a 24-ha (60-acre) landfill with refuse



accumulated  to an average  depth of about 12 m  (40 ft).  The



landfill accepts municipal wastes, sewage  and  sewage sludge,



and non-chemical industrial waste.  However, during inspection,



a number of  uncovered containers of sodium azide were observed



in the working face.  Sealed  drums of chemical wastes are also



alleged to be buried on the premises.



     The age of the  landfill  is not known, but refuse has been



accumulated  to an average  depth of about 12 m  (40 ft).  The



landfill is  located  on a formation which is one  of three major



aquifers in  the region.  Leachate generation is  estimated at



more than 4.4 litres/sec (100,000 gal./day), some of which is



collected and recirculated back to the top of  the landfill.



Three wells were installed and  sampled in August 1976.  Fine to




coarse sand with little silt was encountered during drilling.



Wells 1-S and 1-D, 396 m (1,300 ft) downgradient, are screened




2.5 to 3.8 m (8.5-12.5 ft)  and  15.5 to 16.8 m  (51-55 ft)  below
                                 69

-------
land surface, respectively.  Well 2 is 46 m (150 ft) upgradient



of the landfill at a location thought to be representative of



ambient water quality.



     Well 1-S yielded water with a concentration of organic com-



pounds above background;  halogenated compounds were measured



at 0.005 in Well 1-S.  Well 1-D yielded water containing 0.006



mg/1 of mercury -



     Site NJ S-6.  This site, in southwestern New Jersey, has



an abandoned landfill of approximately 4 ha (10 acres).   Soil



cover and vegetation prevented an exact measurement of size.



Large amounts of solid and liquid industrial chemical wastes



are alleged to have been deposited.



     The site overlies a major regional aquifer and has  a flat,



sand-covered surface that intercepts precipitation, with a



large proportion probably infiltrating the landfill.  Several



extensive leachate'seeps are apparent along the northern toe of



the fill.



     Four wells were installed and sampling was attempted in



August 1976.  However, no sample could be obtained from Well 4.



Wells 1, 2, and 4 were located 162, 70, and 305 m (530,  230,



and 1,000 ft) downgradient of the landfill, respectively.  Well



3 was installed about 18 m (60 ft)  upgradient.  Silt and clay



were encountered in drilling.  Only Well 2 was easy to pump.



     The sample from Well 2 contained zinc 0.40, barium 0.6,



selenium 0.01, light volatile organic compounds 4.1 mg/1, and



traces of halogenated organic compounds, all above background.
                                70

-------
The Well 1 sample also had zinc and selenium concentrations




above background.  Other constituents were generally more con-



centrated in samples from Wells 1 and 2 than in the background



sample.




     Site NJ S-7.  The site is located in southeastern New Jer-



sey and has lagoons that receive effluent from organic chemical



manufacturing.  It is believed that the lagoons are not lined.



They are located on permeable material that comprises the out-



crop of a major aquifer.



     Three observation wells were installed within 30 m (100 ft)



of the lagoons.  These observation wells were utilized for sam-



pling in this project.  A service station supply well about 1.6



km (1 mile) away from the site was sampled for background water



quality.



     Inorganic constituents in the water samples were found in



relatively low concentrations.  For example, the most mineral-



ized water contained only 60 mg/1 of sulfate and 48 mg/1 of



chloride.  However, the water from the observation wells had a



distinct odor and contained traces of halogenated organic com-



pounds similar to PCB's.  The analytical data suggest that the



contaminants may be polybrominated biphenyls (PBB's).  In pre-



vious samplings by the State, no contamination had been found



because only inorganic analyses were performed.  Water from the



background well also contained traces of halogenated compounds,




and,  therefore, background data for the site is considered




inconclusive.
                                71

-------
     Site NJ S-8.  This site, located in southeastern New Jersey,




has a landfill which receives chemical processing wastes, much



of it in barrels.  The landfill is located on plant property,



but receives wastes from at least one other plant owned by the



same company.  Many of the waste containers are buried and have



corroded and leaked.                                   *



     The site overlies the recharge area of a major aquifer



which is tapped by supply wells in the area.  A nearby river is



the natural discharge area for the aquifer.  The landfill owners



had installed a number of wells for ground-water monitoring.



Two of these were sampled in October 1976.  Well 8 was located



about 152 m (500 ft) downgradient from the landfill, while



Well 1 was located several hundred feet upgradient for back-



ground water quality sampling.



     The water sample collected from Well 8 was contaminated



with 0.01 mg/1 of chromium, 0.04 mg/1 of cobalt, 0.2 mg/1 of



barium, and 0.01 mg/1 of selenium.  Also, traces of halogenated



organic compounds, 12 volatile organic compounds, and seven



light volatile compounds were detected.   All of these constitu-



ents were above background.  Water withdrawn from Well 8 also



contained elevated levels of sulfate, calcium,  magnesium, chlo^



ride,  iron,  potassium,  sodium, and copper.




     Site NJ S-9.  The site,- located near the Delaware River in



southern New Jersey, contains a number of storage tanks and



lagoons.  There is a history of spills on the ground surface.



Several production and monitoring wells  are on the site;  however,



access was restricted,  resulting in only three of the production
                                72

-------
wells being sampled in February 1977.




     The site is situated on the outcrop of the Magothy-Raritan



aquifer, the principal aquifer in southern New Jersey.  The pie-



zometric surface in the aquifer has been greatly depressed by



pumping and ground-water flow is controlled by the major pumping



centers.  Because of substantial pumping at this site, ground-



water flow beneath it would be to the production wells.




     Well 1 was contaminated with chromium 0.01, copper 0.04,



nickel 0.07, zinc 0.40, cobalt 0.22 mg/1, and volatile organic



compounds probably including trichloroethylene.  Wells 2 and 3



were contaminated with copper, cobalt, and trichloroethylene.



The non-hazardous constituents chloride, sodium, iron, and



sulfate were also found in higher than background concentrations.



The background well was located in the same aquifer off the site



and no contamination was detected.



                           New York



     Site NY S-l.  This northeastern New York State site of 8.9



ha (22 acres)  contains an abandoned, open-burning municipal



landfill which occupies about half of the property.  During its



active life (1953 to 1965) , it received large quantities of



electronics manufacturing wastes containing PCB's and pesticides.



Disposal methods incorporated burning and dumping of refuse over



a steep embankment 12 m (40 ft)  in height.



     Highlands, upon which the fill is situated and also upgrad-




ient from the landfill, appear to be underlain by sand, gravel,



and probably glacial till.   Low, marshy lands, which extend from



the base of the uplands to nearby surface-water bodies, are






                                73

-------
reported to consist of clays and.silts over carbonate bedrock.



The lowland downgradient of the landfill is dissected by an



abandoned barge canal and numerous small streams, one of which



originates at the fill face.



     Two wells were drilled during field operations in November



1976.  Monitoring Well 1 (downgradient) penetrated only clays



near the landfill toe, striking refusal at about 15 m (50 ft).



A spring was also sampled.   Well 2 (background) was drilled in



a sand pit adjacent to the landfill property through fine to



medium sands to a depth of 9 m (30 ft).



     The sample from the spring showed the greatest contamina-



tion.  A total concentration for eight PCB compounds of 0.006



mg/1 was present.  Heptachlor (an insecticide)  was also detec-



ted but at less than 0.001 mg/1.   Well 1, downgradient of the



landfill, did not yield enough water for a complete analysis,



but zinc and PCB's were detected.  The background water sampled



was uncontaminated.



     Site NY S-2.  The site consists of a 63-ha (156-acre)  munic-



ipal landfill.  General refuse with some industrial wastes is



disposed of by trench fill, with compaction and earth cover.



Septic and industrial sludges are spread on the surface in a



designated area.



     Well-boring logs indicate that overburden at the site con-



sists of glacial till, in which clays predominate,  with silts



and some fine gravel.  This lithology is consistent with the



extremely low yields noted.  Ground-water movement through the



glacial till is probably .quite slow except in zones of coarser
                                74

-------
material such as buried stream channels, etc.  The numerous



surface springs indicate the location of these features.  No



bedrock outcrops were observed but bedrock is reported to be




limestone and dolomite.  Leachate percolation into bedrock is



likely, especially where the thin till overburden is breached



while trench filling.




     Four PVC monitoring wells have been installed since 1971.




These were checked during site inspection in October 1976.  In



addition, two spring boxes and a dug well, which serve or have



served for water supply, are located in potential monitoring



locations.



     Sampling in December 1976 found one monitoring well frozen,



two unable to yield water after being bailed dry, and one yield-



ing sufficient water for only partial analysis.  The dug well



and one spring box were in operation.  For background water



quality another dug domestic well, upgradient from the site, was



sampled.



     Water samples from the spring and monitoring well contained



copper (0.05 and 0.03 mg/1, respectively) in concentrations



above background (not detectable).  The spring sample also



contained selenium (0.01 mg/1), and water from Well 4 contained



0.5 mg/1 barium.  No organic contamination was detected.



     Site NY S-3.  The site is located in northeastern New York




west of the Hudson River, and consists of a 10-ha (26-acre)



landfill, about half of which is filled to a height averaging




6 m (20 ft).  Municipal wastes, large quantities of industrial




trash, liquid, and sludge wastes from one of the largest leather





                                75

-------
 goods manufacturing centers of the  state,  are  accepted.   It  has




 been in operation for 16 years.



     The topography consists of generally  flat or  gently  rolling



 ground surface, punctuated by numerous northeast to  southwest



 oriented hills or drumlins.  The landfill  is situated on  the



 edge of a broad, flat, swampy plain, the probable  product of



 glacial melt water flooding.  Bedrock consists of  carbonates



 with generally horizontal bedding.  The unconsolidated deposits



 are of unknown thickness.  At Wells 1 and  2, closest to the



 filled area, medium sands, apparently kame terrace or other  out-



 wash deposits, predominated.  At Well 3, farther north, fine



 sands and silts with a fairly high clay content were penetrated.



 Numerous sand pits in the vicinity suggest a wide  areal extent



 of the coarser-grained sediments, creating a potential for rapid



 and far-reaching leachate migration.



     Ground-water levels were shallow at the monitoring wells.



 Only Well 2, about 15 m (50 ft)  from the fill, yielded water



 with an odor indicative of leachate contamination.   In addition



 to the three monitoring wells installed and sampled in November



 1976, an existing well supplying the landfill  garage and  a back-



 ground residential supply well near the landfill entrance were



 sampled.   The background well is upgradient from the landfill.



     Water samples from Wells 2  and 3 were the only ones  showing



hazardous constituents.   The sample from Well  2 contained cya-



nide (0.008 mg/1), traces of halogenated compounds  (PCB's or



 similar), and two light volatile compounds (0.22 and 0.01 mg/1),



one of which was phenolic.  Water from Well 3  contained seleniiim
                                 76

-------
 (0.02 mg/1) above background concentration.   Iron, manganese,




and chloride in Well 2 were also in elevated  concentrations,



indicative of leachate contamination.




     Site NY S-4.  The site is located in southeastern New York



State, west of the Hudson River, and occupies approximately 162



ha (400 acres).  About 3 ha (7.5 acres) are presently filled, as



the landfill has been in operation only about three years.  A



variety of municipal and industrial wastes are received includ-



ing sewage sludge.




     The local geomorphology describes a river flood plain, the



site being bounded on three sides by flowing  surface water.



Subsurface geology, defined by soil borings,  consists of glacial



till underlying about half the site, the remainder being coarse-



grained fluvial deposits of glacial or post-glacial origin.  The



probability of leachate migration is low for  the till and very



high for the fluvial sediments.




     Three monitoring wells, 21 to 24 m (70-78 ft) in depth,



were installed near the site perimeter.  A potable well reported



to be 22 m (73 ft) deep serves a weigh-station office at the



entrance.  Depth to ground water averaged about 4.6 m (15 ft)




in the existing wells.



     Water samples from Wells 1 and 3 contained identical con-



centrations of barium, cobalt, and halogenated compounds, 0.1,




0.01, and less than 0.001 mg/1, respectively.  None of these




constituents were present in the background Well 5.
                                77

-------
     Site NY S-5.  The 223-ha  (550-acre)  site  is  located in



west-central Long Island in southeastern  New York,  on  the Atlan-



tic Coastal Plain.  This is a waste disposal complex consisting



of a municipal landfill and a number of industrial  lagoons, with



plating and other metal wastes plus various organics comprising



the main hazardous materials.  The landfill dates back to the



1930's; however, industrial activity with liquid waste lagoons



and waste dumps did not begin until the early  1950's.   Sewage



sludge and additional industrial wastes have been incorporated



into the municipally-owned landfill.



     The geology of the site consists of  thick unconsolidated



deposits divided into two aquifers overlying crystalline bed-



rock approximately 305 m (1,000 ft) below land svfrface.   The



principal aquifer which could potentially be affected  by the



waste disposal facilities 'ranges from the water table,  at about



29 m (95 ft), to about 198 m (650 ft)  below land surface where



a major aquiclude is encountered.  This aquiclude confines water



in a deeper aquifer which exists from roughly  244 to 305 m (800-



1,000  ft)  below land surface.   The site is located  on  the



roughly defined ground-water divide where  recharge  is  believed



to move almost vertically downward into the lower reaches of



the principal aquifer.



     A test well was drilled during January 1977, and  three



zones  were tested during the reverse rotary drilling process:




first  at 57.6 to 63.7 m (189-209 ft),  second at 109  to  115 m



(358-378 ft), and third at 160 to 166  m (525-545 ft).   After



drilling,  test pumping, and geophysical logging, three  permanent
                                78

-------
3-cm  (1-1/4-in.) PVC wells were installed in the drilled hole,



with  screens set at elevations which reflect the original test



screen settings.




      Halogenated compounds were detected in water from the



shallowest screen setting in a total concentration of 0.001 mg/1



for four compounds.  The second screen setting also yielded



similar compounds, but in concentrations less than 0.001 mg/1.



      Two public supply wells and a well at a manufacturing plant



were  utilized as additional monitoring wells because of their



proximity to the landfill.  Water from Well 7-2 contained 0.08



mg/1  of copper and 0.01 mg/1 of selenium;  Well 8 yielded water



with  0.05 mg/1 of copper.  These data are not definitive enough



to conclude that the wells are contaminated with leachate.



      Recent studies in the general area of the landfill have



revealed widespread contamination of ground water with trace



organic compounds, forcing the shutting down of many public



supply wells tapping the glacial and underlying aquifers.  This



problem has ruled out the use of wells in the area for back-



ground.  The regional contamination problem makes distinguishing



individual sources of contamination too difficult.



                          Pennsylvania



     Site PA S-l.  The site is located in southeastern Pennsyl-



vania, with the Maryland border forming one of its boundaries.



In use since 1970, about one-third of the total 61 ha (150 acres)




is filled, using the trench method.  Municipal garbage is accep-



ted,  plus some reported industrial waste, such as lime, slag,




and fly ash.   A shoe industry nearby probably contributes
                                79

-------
quantities of dyes, leather trimmings, etc.



     The general topography consists of rolling hills.  The land-



fill property is situated on a north sloping hillside, with the



entrance and filled areas at the highest site elevations.  The



majority of the surrounding lands plus completed portions of the



landfill are farmed, corn being the principal crop.  The moni-



toring wells are aligned in a broad valley about 0.8 km  (0.5



miles) wide.  Subsurface geology consists of metamorphic rock



(a weathered schist or saprolite) about 30 m  (100  ft)  in thick-



ness .



     The landfill possesses a monitoring well system which



satisfies the project criteria.  Five wells of 15-cm  (6-in.)



diameter make up the system.  Four of the five wells are placed



in monitoring positions with respect to filled areas; the fifth



serves as a source of background quality water.   Water levels



were measured in September 1976, and ranged from about 6.7 to



18 m (22-60 ft)  below grade.  Well 5 (potable supply) is the



deepest (49 m or 160 ft)  and reportedly yields 0.38 litre/sec



(6 gpm).   Wells 1 through 4 are 12,  24, 24, and 18 m  (40, 80,



80, and 60 ft)  deep, respectively, and generally yield 0.13 to



0.25 litre/sec (2-4 gpm).



     Analysis showed that Well 1 produced water with slight con-



tamination;  of the hazardous constituents, only cobalt was



detected above background at 0.01 mg/1.  Iron, calcium, and



sodium also were present in concentrations above background.




     Site PA S-2.  The site contains a municipal incinerator and



landfill which serve a large city in southeastern Pennsylvania.
                                80

-------
It has been operating since the early 1960's.  Municipal wastes



and an undetermined quantity of industrial wastes are  incinera-




ted and the residue deposited in a lined landfill of about  1.5



ha (3.7 acres).  The incinerator process is inefficient, and



incomplete combustion results in an excessive volume of residue,




which now exceeds the areal limits and capacity of the liner.



     The topography of the region is a bedrock highland which




steeply slopes to a major river flood plain.  The landfill  is



situated on the edge of the highland, and a sinkhole was ob-



served not far from the pile of incinerator residue.  A stream



at the foot of the highland bounds the site on three sides.  The



bedrock geology as determined from well logs and surface fea-



tures is a transition zone from shales to carbonates.  Any  leach-



ate escaping  the  landfill liner would tend to migrate  quickly




into the carbonate bedrock through solution channels.



     Two 15-cm (6-in.) diameter bedrock wells comprise the



site's monitoring system.  Well 1, located about 198 m (650 ft)



from the landfill, serves as a background well.  The well is 32



m (105 ft)  deep and is cased to a depth of about 12 m  (40 ft)



below grade; it penetrates shale, limey shale, and limestone.



Well 2, about 30 m (100 ft)  from the west boundary of the resi-



due fill mound, is 15 m (50 ft) lower than the landfill/incin-



erator complex and Well 1.  Its reported drilled depth is 22 m



(73 ft), with the uppermost 7 m (23 ft)  cased.  The driller's




log for Well 2 indicates a limestone aquifer.   Static water



levels were measured at 21 m (70 ft)  and 6 m (20 ft) for Wells



1  and 2, respectively, prior to sampling in December 1976.
                                 81

-------
     Well 2 contained higher  concentrations of magnesium,  iron,



and sodium than Well 1  (background).  However, Well 1 contained



more sulfate, calcium,  and chloride  (above the drinking water



standards limit) than Well 2.  These data suggest that both



wells may be affected by leachate, and the results of sampling



were inconclusive.




                            Wisconsin



     Site WI S-l.  The  site is located in east-^central Wiscon-



sin, and consists of a  privately owned industrial waste lagoon



approximately 0.8 ha (2 acres) in area and 9 m (30 ft) deep.



It is surrounded by a clay dike and a 1 m (3 ft)  thick layer of



clay forms its base.  An unlined lagoon adjacent to the clay-



lined one was utilized  prior to 1972.  The principal waste



product discharged to the lagoon is an acid sludge with a high



concentration of aluminum and possibly some heavy metals.



     The site is underlain by 6 to 12 m (20-40 ft)  of glacial



till over highly-weathered limestone.  The till is composed



primarily of silty clay deposits containing discontinuous



stringers and pockets of silt, sand,  and gravel.   There are 17



monitoring wells finished in the till at depths ranging from



3 to 12 m (10-40 ft) below land surface.



     Well 13 is assumed to be upgradient of the waste source



and was chosen as the background well.   A well on the west side,



another well northeast of the lagoon, and Well 13 were sampled



in October 1976.  The northeast well yielded the most mineral-



ized water,  with sulfate, calcium and magnesium having the most



elevated concentrations in comparison to background (Well 13) .
                                82

-------
The sample from the northeast well also contained 0.1 mg/1 of



barium; barium was not detected in the other wells.  No organic



substances were detected in any of the samples.



     Site WI S-2.  The site is located in south-central Wiscon-



sin, and consists of a landfill and several small lined lagoons.



The site accepts municipal refuse and mixed industrial waste



including plating and clarifier sludges, oils, and solvents.



The landfill was a city dump from 1952 to 1972 when a separate



toxic and hazardous waste disposal area was constructed in the



northwestern corner of the property.  Shallow pits were excava-



ted in the old fill and were lined with plastic sheeting that



was covered with a layer of fly ash.  Liquid industrial wastes



are deposited in these pits.




     The disposal site is underlain by about 60 m (200 ft)  of



sand and gravel over limestone bedrock.  There are 18 monitor-



ing wells finished in the sand and gravel.  Wells P and 6A were



selected for sampling because of the probability of their con-



tamination.  Well B appeared to be upgradient of the waste and



was designated as background.



     Water from Well 6A showed contamination from nickel (0.04



mg/1), selenium (0.02 mg/1), and barium (0.1 mg/1).   None of



these elements were detected in the background sample.  No



organic contamination was detected in any of the samples.



     Site WI S-3.   This privately-owned industrial site, loca-




ted in east-central Wisconsin, has a landfill and a clay slurry



settling lagoon.   Plating wastes,  phenolic resins, and powdered




clay are the major waste materials disposed of.  Disposal in the
                                 83

-------
landfill area began in 1947.  Presently  approximately  32  ha  (80




acres) have been filled to a thickness of  12 m  (40  ft).   The



clay slurry lagoon is about ten years old,  and  a  seepage  pit was



in service from 1971 through 1976.



     The disposal site is underlain by silty to clayey sand.



There are nine monitoring wells finished at depths  ranging from



3 to 9 m (10-30 ft) below ground surface.   Three  wells were



selected for sampling, but only Well 5 yielded  a  sufficient vol-



ume of water for analysis.  This well is located  downgradient of



the landfill.



     Without background quality data and additional samples,



migration of hazardous substances cannot be determined.  How-



ever, one hazardous element, nickel, was detected at 0.08 mg/1.



This element is not commonly detected in natural water.



     Site WI S-4.   This site, located in southeastern Wiscon-



sin, has a landfill that covers 16 ha (40 acres).  The site is



permitted to accept industrial liquid and solid wastes.  Dis-



posal began in 1971, but no inventory of wastes received is



maintained.  Liquid and solid wastes are mixed  at the working



face, and presently have accumulated to an average thickness of



27 m (90 ft).



     About 27 m (90 ft)  of glacial till overlies dolomite bed-



rock.  The till is composed primarily of sandy  to silty clay



deposits with pockets of fine sand.  Monitoring facilities



include 20 wells finished in the till at depths ranging from



6 to 21 m (20-70 ft).  Four wells were chosen for sampling,



with Well 25 designated as background.
                                84

-------
     Well 7 contained 0.03 mg/1 of arsenic, 0.03 mg/1 of sele-




nium, 1.2 mg/1 of zinc, all above background.  Well 22 contained



the same concentration of selenium, 0.24 mg/1 of molybdenum,




0.5 mg/1 of barium, and 1.2 mg/1 of light volatile compounds,



all above background.




     Site WI S-5.  The site is a municipal landfill located in



east-central Wisconsin, and accepts industrial wastes from three



large manufacturers.  Solvents, paint sludges, and degreasing



compounds are suspected to be included as waste components.



Solid and liquid wastes are mixed during the landfilling opera-



tion.  The site has been active since 1961, and approximately



24 ha (60 acres) have been covered.



     The site is underlain by about 42 m (140 ft) of glacial



till over dolomite bedrock.  The upper 21 m (70 ft) of till is



of sandy clay texture with sand lenses, while the rest is dense



blue clay.  Monitoring facilities consist of 16 wells finished



in the till at depths of about 4.5 to 11 m (15-35 ft)  below



ground surface.  Well E was chosen as a potential background



quality well.  Well F and a spring were sampled as downgradient



monitoring points.  Samples were collected in October 1976.



     Hazardous constituents above background in the spring water



included 0.02 mg/1 of selenium, and 0.002 mg/1 of unidentified



halogenated compounds that were detected in the pesticide anal-



ysis.  Hazardous constituents in the sample from Well F included




0.02 mg/1 of selenium, 0.006 mg/1 of cyanide,  and 0.06 mg/1 of




heavy volatile compounds.
                                 85

-------
     Site WI S-6.  This site is a large landfill in southeastern



Wisconsin which has been active since 1967, and approximately



32 ha  (80 acres) have been covered to an average thickness of



21 m (70 ft).  The landfill is permitted to accept toxic and



hazardous wastes.



     The site is underlain by about 37 m (120 ft) of glacial



till over dolomite bedrock.  Water-supply wells in the area are



finished in the bedrock at depths of 53 to 76 m  (175-250 ft).



     Existing monitoring facilities consist of 14 shallow wells



finished in glacial till at depths ranging from 6 to 15 m (20-50



ft) below ground surface.   Four wells were chosen for sampling



based on their locations relative to the probable path of the



leachate plume.  Well 2 was assumed to be outside the flow path,



and Wells 6 and 7 were assumed to be inside it.



     Traces of halogenated compounds, 49.0 mg/1 of light vola-



tile compounds, and 0.11 mg/1 of heavy volatile compounds were



detected in the sample obtained from Well 1.   No organic chemi-



cals were detected in water from Well 2.  The sample from Well 6



contained 0.03 mg/1 of chromium and 0.04 mg/1 of selenium, while



the sample from Well 7 contained 0.01 mg/1 of cyanide.



     Site WI S-7.  The site is located in west-central Wisconsin



and consists of a landfill that accepted municipal waste and



industrial waste said to contain lead,  zinc,  and nickel.  The



trench method of landfilling was employed,  with wastes sometimes



being burned openly before being covered.   Disposal began in



1969 and continued until July 1976 when the site was permanently



closed under orders of the State.   The filled area occupies
                                86

-------
about 1.2 ha (3 acres).



     The site is underlain by about 12 m  (40 ft) of medium to



very fine sand over sandstone bedrock.  The sand outcrops in a



bluff bounding the eastern edge of the site.



     Four monitoring wells finished in the sand at depths rang-



ing from 1.5 to 4.6 m (5-15 ft) below ground surface were sam-



pled in October 1976.  Well 4 appeared to be upgradient of the



filled area and was designated the background well, but is only



3 m (10 ft)  from the disposal area.



     All of the wells were contaminated with heavy metals and



traces (less than 0.001 mg/1) of PCB-like halogenated compounds,



The maximum concentrations of nickel, barium, molybdenum, sele-



nium, and cobalt detected were 0.05, 2.8, 0.04, 0.59, and 0.01



mg/1, respectively-  In addition, water from Well 2 contained



12.6 mg/1 of light volatile organic compounds, which is above



background (none detected).  The non-hazardous constituents



chloride, iron, and manganese exceeded drinking water limits



in one or more samples.
                                 87

-------
                       Sampling Results



     Extent of Contamination.  Physical characteristics of the




50 sampled sites and a summary of the chemical results have



been tabulated (Tables 2-3).  For 32 sites, monitoring wells al-



ready in place were used for sampling.  At six of these sites,



existing monitoring facilities were found to be incomplete,



principally because they did not provide a source of ground wa-



ter for background quality purposes.  In such cases, one or



more additional wells were installed to supplement those al-



ready in place.  At five sites, existing water supply wells



were used for monitoring.  At the remaining 13 sites, only the



wells installed for this project were sampled in the vicinity



of the land disposal site, although at a number of these loca-



tions, nearby residential or commercial supply Wells were used



for background.



     It should be noted that land disposal sites are surrounded



by other sources which also have the potential to add contami-



nants to ground water, e.g. septic tanks,  leaky tanks and sewer



lines, spills, agricultural lands receiving fertilizers and



pesticides, and highway runoff.  Thus, ground water free of



some type of degradation is seldom present in urban, industrial,



and agricultural areas.



     Therefore, four very strict criteria were used to evaluate




whether migration of hazardous substances  could be confirmed at



a particular site and to determine which specific inorganic and/



or organic chemicals had migrated at that  site.   First, one or



more hazardous constituents must be detected beyond the boundary
                                88

-------
                                                          TABLE  3

                                                SUMMARY OF  SAMPLING RESULTS
oo
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
end WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
SITE NUMBER ABOVE BACKGROUND
CT S-l 2 Cyanide
Bar i urn
Arsenic
Lt . volat i le org .
S-2 1 Mercury
Seleni um
Bar i urn
Lt . volat i 1 e org.
Halogenated org.
2 Halogenated org.
Lt. volat i le org.
Copper
3 Halogenated org.
Lt . volati le org.
4 Cyanide
Lt . volat i le org .
Nickel
5 Copper
Nickel
Ba r i um
Mercury
Selen ium
Lt . volat i le org.
S~3 1 Chromium
Cyan i de



WEL L (5)
DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
(mg/l) (FEET)f (FEET)-
0.005 100 1?
0.20
O.O^t
1 .0
0.0006 150 15
0.20*
0.10
80.0
detected
detected 20 20
100.0
0.12
detected 20 25
10.0
0.02 20 26
1000.0
0.11
0.06 20 20
0.01
0.10
0.0005
0.^1*
100.0
0.01 250 12
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEET)f (FEET>f
k Lead 0.10 1,500 17
Selenium 0.06






















0.007
i
i


          •-Exceeds EPA Drinking Water  Standards (Table 1)
          fFeet x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                                FABLE  3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING WELL (5}
STATE
and
SITE
FL S-l


IL S-l


S-2
S-3

S-k
S-5



S-6





IN S-l




WELL
NUMBER
3


1
2

North
2

P-6
3
4


2A





1

3


HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
ABOVE BACKGROUND
Halogenated org.
Lt. volati le org.
Hvy volati le org.
Bar! urn
Nickel
Barium
Bar i um
Copper
Barium
Barium
Cyan! de
Copper
Chromi um
Nickel
Nickel
Copper
Lead
Selen ium
Barium
Halogenated org.
Cyan ide
Zi nc
Cyanide
Cobalt
Halogenated org.
CONCENTRATION
! mg/l)
detected
1.8
0.01
0.10
0.08
0.20
0.1
0.01
0.20
0.10
0.007
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.10
0.01
0.10*
0.02*
3.80*
detected
0.008
0.92
0.01
0.01
detected
DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
( FEETlt (FEETrf
50


400
10

1,500
300

700
500
50


90





1,250

650

	
30


39
22

21
15

35
52
52


13





DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEETlt (FEETit










5 Lead 0.10 2,000 52





•



apx. 145
i
apx. 145..


*Exceeds  EPA  Drinking Water
fFeet x 0.305 = metres.
Standards  (Table  1)

-------
                                               TABLE 3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
ond WELL
SITE NUMBER
IN S-2 G-W
Seep 1





S-3 Spring

1
S-4 Spring
2

3
S-5 1

3
5

MA S-l
S-2 1
2



HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
AbOVK BACKGROUND

Chromi um
Arsenic
Lead
Cyan ide
Hvy volatile org.

Copper
Hvy volat i 1 e org .
Cobalt

Sel en i um
Bar i um
Halogenated org.
Cyan i de
Bar i um
Bar i um
Halogenated org.
Hvy vol at i 1 e org.
WEL L (S)


DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA, DEPTH
( mg/l) ( FEET) f (FEET)'

0.01
5 . 80*
0 . 30*
0.27
0.06

1.10*
0.02
0.03

0.05*
0.10
0.003
0.03
0.20
1.10*
detected
0.03
Heavy metals and halogenated
Chromi um
Nickel
Arsenic
Bar i um
Cobal t
0.01
0.04
0.65*
0.10
0.08

120





100

1,000

800

1,200
400

200
800

compounds
20
20



does
not apply




does
not apply

apx. 70
does
not apply

160
un knowr

12
10

detected i
20
13


DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATE R CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS ( TABLE 1) ( m 5 / 1 ) (FEET)f (FEETff
G-W does
Seep 2 Selenium 0.05 600 not apply

















i water from monitoring well; no background data available
3 Selenium 0.04 400 14



i
•-Exceeds  EPA  Drinking Water Standards (Table  1)
•ffeet x 0.305 =  metres.

-------
                                               TABLE 3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
and WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
SITE NUMBER ABOVE BACKGROUND
WEL L (S)
CONCENTRATION
( mg/l)
MA S-3 Halogenated compounds found in
S-4 1 Chromium
Nickel
Barium
Seleni urn
Lt . volati le org.
3 Selenium
Lt. vol at i le org.
S-5 Heavy metals and 1
Ml S-] 1 Chromium
£ Cyanide
2 Chromium (+6)
Copper
Nickel
Cyan! de
Mercury
Sel enium
Molybdenum
Cobal t
Chlor. phenols
3 Cyanide
S-2 \ Selenium
Bar i urn
2 Nickel

0.01
0.05
0.10
0.08 *
1.2
0.13*
15-9
ight volatile
0.05
0.63
0.36*(0.
2 . 80*
0.67
1*».0
0.0008
0.08*
0.15
0.05
detected
0.35
0.01
0.10
0.01


DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEET)t
water from
70




1,000

compounds
500

01)100








150
100

50


TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEET)'
mon i toi
15




15

DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (5)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE 1) (mg/l) (KEET)t (FEET)t
ing wells; no background data available.







detected but not above background.
75

66








66
90

90
















I
 *E.xceeds EPA Drinking Water Standards  (Table 0
,tFeet x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                             TABLE 3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
and WELL
SITE NUMBER
Ml S-3 1


North


Supply
S-4 Boiler
wel 1
North




S-5 2

3

4

NH S-l 2







HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
ABOVE BACKGROUND
Nickel
2\ nc
Bar i urn
Copper
Cyan ide
Mercury
Nickel

Cyanide
Copper
Nickel
Cyan ide
Selen i um
Cobal t
Zinc
Selen i um
Copper
Nickel
Cyan ide
Chlor. phenols
Nickel
Arsen i c
Selen i um
Bar i um
Cyanide
PCB's
Lt . vol at i le org.
Hvy vol at i 1 e org .
WEL L (S)
CONCENTRATION
( mg/l)
0.03
31.0*
0.10
0.03
0.06
0.0005
0.03

0.01
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.17
2.90
0.02*
0.07
0.02
0.04
0.003
0.30
0.12*
0.03*
0.20
0.005
0.002
15.3
0.25

DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEETl-f-
100


300


700

300
150




100

125

75

200








TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEET)'
35


70


120

90
14




45

50

50

40






DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
-NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEET)t (FEFTlt"
3 Zinc 6.1 100 38
Note: Monitoring wells at this site (including Wells
I and 3)were constructed of galvanized (zinc-
coated) well casings.























1
I
	 i 	 . 	 . 	 . 	
-Exceeds  EPA Drinking Water Standards  (Table ])
tFeet  x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                                        TABLE 3  (Continued)
VD
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
and WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
SITE NUMBER ABOVE BACKGROUND
NH S-l 3 Selenium
Lt . volat i le org.
S-2 1 Selenium
Bar i urn
Halogenated org.
2 Selenium
Barium
Halogenated org.
Lt. volatile org.
NJ S-l Boring
1 Chromium
Copper
Zinc
Cobalt
Halogenated org.
3 Copper
Zinc
Selen i urn
S-2 1 Copper
Nickel
Zinc
Bar i urn
WEL L (S)
DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
( mg/l) I FEETlt (FEET)'
0.25* 250 16
28.0
0.03* 50 10
0.10
detected
0.09* 50 6
0.10
0.002
171.4

0.15* 50 48
0.81
240.0*
0.04
0.003
0.01 500 45
4.80
0.02*
0.01 300 79
0.20
0.06
0.10
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATE R CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
"NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE i) (mg/i) (FEETlt (FEETlt










1 Selenium 0.04 950 80







2 Selenium 0.22 400 60



         * Exceeds  EPA Drinking Water Standards  (Table  1)
         t Feet  x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                              TABLE  3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING WELL(S)
STATE
ond WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
SITE NUMBER ABOVE B ACKC-FIO'JN 0
NJ S-3 1 Cyanide
Tol uene
Xy lenes
Alkyl benzenes
Benzene
2 Toluene
Xylenes
3 Lead
Tol uene
Xyl enes
Alkyl benzenes
Butyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Camphor
Naphtha! ene
Benzene
k Xylenes
5 Xylenes
Methyl ethyl ketone
S-4 1 Nickel
Sel en i urn
2 Chromium
Halogenated org.
Lt. volatile org.
S-5 ID Mercury
IS Halogenated org.

CONCENTRATION
( mj/l)
0.05
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
19*
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
detected
0.07
0.2k*
420.0*
detected
200.0
0.006*
0.005
D!STAIJCE FROM
DISPOSAL AR'A
( FEET)t
180




380

215








300
90

120

100


1,150
1,150
.TOTAL
DEPTH
( FEET )"
40




26

2k








28
18

53

20


55
12
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (S)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS ( TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEET)t (FEET)t



















3 Selenium 0.10 850 19




2 Selenium 0.05 50 45

'-Exceeds EPA Drinking Water Standards  (Table 0
tFeet x 0.305 =  metres.

-------
                                                          TABLE  3  (Continued)

STATE
and
SITE
DA
WELL
NUMBER
TA
FOR
MONI TOR ING
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
ABOVE BACKGROUND
V/EL L (S)
CONCENTRATION
( mq/l)

DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEETlf

TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEET)
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL ( S)
WELL
•NUMBER
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
ABOVE DRINKING WATE R CONCENTRATION
STANDARDS (TABLE I 1 ( mg/l)
DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEETlf
TOTAL
DEPTH
( FEET If
    NJ  S-6    1

              2
        S-7
VD
CTl
Zinc
Selen i um
Zinc
Bar i um
Sel en i um
Halogenated org.
Lt. volat ile org.
  0.36
  0.02*
  0.40
  0.60
  0.01
detected
600

300
40

 4
Heavy metals and halogenated compounds  detected  but  not  above  background
S-8 8 Chromium
Copper
Selen i um
Barium
Cobalt
Lt . volat i le org.
Hvy volat i le org.
S-9 1 Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Zinc
Cobal t
Lt . volat i 1 e org.
2. Zinc
Cobalt
Tr ichloroethylene
3 Copper
Zinc
Cobalt
	 	 Tri chloroethylene 	
0.01 450 47
0.01
0.01
0.20
0.04
386.9
0.59
0.01 300 156
0.04
0.07
0.40
0.22
0.3
0.38 100 280
0.07
0.3
0.17 200 267 !
0.59
0.05
0.2




















         '^Exceeds EPA Drinking Water Standards  (Table  l)
          fFeet x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                               TABLE 3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING
STATE
ond WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
SITE NUMBER ABOVE BACKGROUND
NY S-l 1 Zinc
Halogenated Org.
Spring Copper

Halogenated Org.
Heptachlor
S-2 4 Barium
Spr ing
box Copper
Sel en i urn
Res. mon.
wel 1 Copper
S-3 2 Cyanide
Halogenated org.
Hvy vol at i 1 e org .
3 Selenium
S-4 1 Barium
Cobalt
Halogenated org.
3 Barium
Cobal t
Halogenated org.
WEL L (S)
CONCENTRATION
( mg/l)
0.01
detected
0.10

0.006
detected
0.50

0.05
0.01

0.03
0.008
detected
0.23
0.02*
0.10
0.01
detected
0.10
0.01
detected

DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEET) t
400


TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEET)'
52

75 does not



750

500


750
50


800
2,000


50


S-5 Heavy metals, halogenated compounds, and i
apply


14

does no
apply

20
14


25
70


65


ight vc
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (5)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINXINO WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS (TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEET)f (FEFT)t








t













latile compounds detected but not above background.
.--Exceeds EPA Drinking Water  Standards  (Table  1)
tFeet x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                                      TABLE  3  (Continued)
DATA FOR
STATE
and
SITE
WELL
NUMBER
MONITORING
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
ABOVE BACKGROUND
W£L L (S)
CONCENTRATION
( mo/I)

DISTANCE TROW
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEET) t

TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEET)'
DATA
FOR BACKGROUND WE'LL (S}
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER
"NUMBER STANDARDS ( TABLE 1)
CONCENTRATION
( mg/l )
DISTANCE FROM
DISPOSAL AREA
( FEETlt
TOTAL
DEPTH
(FEETlt
PA S-l

   S-2

Wl S-l

   S-2
     Cobalt                 0.01        300       40

     Heavy metals detected but not  above background.
NE

6A
Barium

Nickel
Selen i urn
Bari urn
0.10

0.04
0.02*
0.10
150

 30
apx.35

   95
   S-3

   S-4  22
     Heavy metals detected in water from monitoring we'll;  no  background  data  available.

     Selenium               0.03*       80    unknown
     Molybdenum             0.24
     Barium                 0.50
     Lt. volatileorg,      1.2
     Arsenic                0.03       500       39
     Selenium               0.03*
     Zinc                   1.20

                                       200    apx.16
   S-5   F    Selenium               0.02*
              Cyanide                0.006
              Hvy volatile org.      0.06
      Spring  Selenium               0.02*      300

              Halogenated org.       0.002
                                             does  not
                                               apply
S-6 1
Halogenated org.
Lt . volat i le org.
Hvy volatile org.
detected 500 44
49.0
0.11
2 Selenium 0,02 100 4l
      ^Exceeds EPA Drinking Water Standards (Table l)
      -tFeet x 0.305 = metres.

-------
                                              TABLE 3  (Continued)
DATA FOR MONITORING WELL(S)
STATE
and WELL HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS CONCENTRATION
SITE NUMBER ABOVE BACKGROUND (mg/l)
Wl S-6 6 Chromium 0.03
Selenium 0.04--
7 Cyanide 0.01
S-7 1 Barium 2.8*
Cobalt 0.01
2 Selenium 0.59*
3 Barium 0.40
Cobalt 0.01
DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
( FEET) f (FEET)'
75 30

100 35
70 18

230 24
DATA FOR BACKGROUND WELL (5)
HAZARDOUS CONTAMINANTS DISTANCE FROM TOTAL
WELL ABOVE DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION DISPOSAL AREA DEPTH
NUMBER STANDARDS ( TABLE 1) (mg/l) (FEET)T (FEETlt



4 Selenium 0.10 20 44


50 26 !


^Exceeds  EPA  Drinking Water Standards (Table  l)
tFeet  x 0.305 = metres.

-------
of the waste deposition area.  Second, the concentration of a



hazardous substance must exceed the concentration of the same



substance in water from a background well or other background



ground-water source.  Third, all wells used to evaluate a site




must tap the same aquifer.  Finally, based on an interpretation



of geohydrology and overall ground-water chemistry; the data



must identify the landfill or lagoon under study as the source



of the inorganic or organic substance.  Final analysis and re-



view of hydrogeologic and chemical data from the 50 sampled



sites has led to minor modification of the number where migra-



tion of hazardous substances has occurred as presented in the



two preliminary progress reports (Project Synopsis, dated Febru-



ary 24, 1977, and Interim Project Report, dated April 15, 1977).



Modifications have resulted from applying the most stringent



criteria and conservative approach to analysis of the completed



data base.



     At 43 sites, migration of one or more hazardous constitu-



ents was confirmed.  At four other sites, although background



wells had been chosen, the areal extent of ground water contain-



ing hazardous substances was greater than expected, or ground-



water movement was not in the direction assumed during the



field inspection prior to drilling and/or sampling.  Contamina-



tion by heavy metals and/or organic chemicals was detected at



these four sites, but concentrations in water from background



wells were either equal to or greater than concentrations in wa-




ter from the other monitoring wells.  At three sites, back-



ground data were not available because of the inability to ob-
                                100

-------
tain water from wells that had previously been chosen for back-



ground.  However, again, contamination with hazardous constitu-



ents was found in the monitoring wells sampled at these three




sites.



     Organic contaminants were detected at 40 of the 50 sites.



Because most analyses were made by gas chromatography alone, in-



dividual organic compounds were not always identified.  At 27



sites,  migration of organic chemicals was confirmed according



to the  strict project criteria.  At 13 sites, although organic



compounds were detected in ground water, the landfill or lagoon



under study could not be clearly identified as the source of



contamination.  Where this occurred, the site was ruled out as



one at  which organic substances had migrated.  Using similar



criteria, heavy metals, excluding iron and manganese, were



found to be present at 49 sites and were confirmed to have mi-



grated at 40 sites.  Selenium, arsenic, and/or cyanide were



found to be present at 37 sites, and were confirmed to have mi-



grated  at 30 sites.  In all, 86 wells and springs yielded water



containing one or more hazardous substances with concentrations



above background.  In other words, 74 percent of the wells and



springs not used for background quality confirmed migration of



hazardous substances.



     There were four sampled'sites, all landfills, that included



engineering features designed to control leachate, such as lin-




ers and leachate recirculation systems.  One site showed no con-



tamination above background.  At another site, one hazardous



constituent was detected above background, but at a low concen-
                                101

-------
tration.  The third facility showed severe organic contamina-



tion, but the site inspection revealed that only a small por-



tion of the leachate is intercepted by the liner and recircu-



lated.  At the fourth site, cyanide and three heavy metals were



found above background.  However, waste disposal is to trenches,



the bottoms of which are lined but not the sides.



     One of the study criteria was that contamination by hazard-



ous substances must be detected outside of the boundary of



waste deposition.  This was to insure that the hazardous sub-



stance had already migrated away from the site.  Thus, the po-



tential for further migration is demonstrated.  The distance of



wells where the migration of hazardous substances was confirmed



ranged from 3m  (10 ft) to more than 300 m (1,000 ft) from the



disposal area.  Heavy metals, organic compounds, and other con-



stituents defined as hazardous have been detected at above-



background concentrations in wells farther from 300 m (1,000 ft)



from the source.  The depths of such wells ranged from less



than 3 m (10 ft) to 49 m (160 ft) .



     Data are not available to compare the mobility of one con-



stituent versus another.  To accomplish this, wells must be lo-



cated directly along flow lines.  They must also be screened at



depths where comparable flow conditions exist.  Samples must be



collected periodically to establish the relationship of time,



distance of travel, and constituent concentration.   Discharge




of leachate from landfills is dependent upon intermittent peri-



ods of recharge from precipitation, which produces "slugs" of



contamination.  Chemical characteristics of industrial waste ef-
                                102

-------
fluent entering leaky lagoons can vary as manufacturing proc-



esses change.  Such factors confound the relationship of dis-



tance and concentration.




     Only 20 percent of the sites inspected and sampled were lo-




cated in areas underlain by natural sediments of low permeabil-



ity  (Tables 2 and 4).   This is because older facilities were



studied, and criteria for siting in more favorable geohydrolog-



ic environments have only recently become of universal high



priority.  Many of the less severe instances of ground-water




contamination were found at sites in areas of low permeability.



However, a much larger number of facilities and more detailed



sampling at each would be required to develop a quantitative




evaluation of comparative geologic settings.



     Quality of Contamination.  In all, 12 hazardous inorganic



constituents were detected above background concentrations in



water from the monitoring wells.  The five most frequently oc-



curring were selenium, barium, cyanide, copper, and nickel in



that order.  The elements occurring least frequently above back-



ground were lead, mercury, and molybdenum.



     There are many complexities surrounding the frequency with



which potentially hazardous constituents may be detected in



leachate-contaminated ground water.  Briefly, these include the



chemical form and total amount of the constituents in the waste,



interaction of the constituents with co-deposited wastes, the



attenuation capability of underlying geologic materials, suscep-




tibility of the constituents to adsorption or other attentua-



tion, and the interaction between the constituents and the
                                103

-------
ground-water system.  Predicting the behavior of contaminants



from a known waste being placed in a heterogeneous waste dispos-



al environment is not possible without considerable drilling



and sampling in the general area of the disposal site.



     However, based on the limited knowledge available about



waste materials and geology at the study sites, it is possible



to interpret the data in a general way-  For example, a number




of sites were reported to accept electronics industry waste.



Selenium metal is used by this industry-  Several sites were re-



ported to accept pigments and paint wastes, of which barium is



a common component.  Cyanide is an important component of metal



plating and pickling processes, so cyanide would be expected in



process wastes that were reported to be disposed of at several



sites.  Likewise, copper and nickel could come from metal plat-



ing wastes.  Selenium, barium, cyanide, copper, and nickel were



commonly found in ground waters associated with sites receiving



wastes of these types.



     Some correlations between organic wastes and organic con-



taminants appear valid.  PCB's were identified at two sites



known to have PCB's in the waste.  Organic solvents (volatile



organic compounds) were detected at a lagoon site known to have



alcohol and ketone solvents in the waste.  A large number of or-



ganic compounds were identified at one site with the assistance



of the EPA Edison, New Jersey, laboratory-  Gas chromatographic/



mass spectrometric analysis showed the presence of toluene,



xylenes, benzene, and alcohols, among other organic compounds.



This site had received large quantities of solid, liquid, and
                               104

-------
sludge wastes for many years from waste generators in surround-



ing States.



     Degree of Contamination.  A major problem in estimating




the degree of contamination is lack of a clear definition of



the health significance relating to some of the potential toxi-



cants encountered in the study.  A number of the inorganic sub-



stances used as contamination indicators are included in the




EPA drinking water standards (Table 1).   The drinking water




standards also include some organic compounds under the cate-



gories of halogenated and phenoxy pesticides.



     If ground water is degraded in respect to drinking water



standards, then the degree of degradation can be compared to



some existing criteria.  At 26 sites, hazardous inorganic con-



stituents in water from one or more monitoring wells exceeded



the EPA drinking water limits.   Of the hazardous substances, se-



lenium most frequently exceeded drinking water limits, followed



by arsenic, chromium, and lead.  Although analyzed for, halogen-




ated pesticides, presently included in EPA drinking water stand-



ards, were not found.  Organic substances that were identified



in water from monitoring wells included PCB's, chlorinated phe-



nols, benzene and derivatives, and organic solvents.  At least



some of these organic chemicals may be listed in future stand-



ards as a result of EPA sponsored research by the National Re-



search Council. 12)



     Hazardous inorganic constituents exceeded drinking water




limits in a background well at 10 sites.  Again, selenium was



the element most frequently exceeding the limit.  Two other con-
                                105

-------
stituents that exceeded the limits were lead and zinc.  Several



background wells had detectable quantities of organic compounds,



but none were identified that are included in drinking water




standards.



     It should be noted that the drilling and sampling carried



out for this project was not directed at locating the most



severely contaminated zone at any particular site.  Use was



made, where possible, of existing monitoring wells, which were



probably not placed in the best location for intercepting the



most severely degraded ground water.   At drilled sites, sub-



stantially more than the small number o£ wells installed to con-



firm migration would have been required to map the plume of con-



taminated ground water and to select  the most adversely affect-



ed zone.  A network of a minimum of 25 and perhaps as many as



50 wells would be needed for such a study, along with the ap-



propriate sampling.  The estimated number of wells is high be-



cause they would have to be drilled over a broad area and to



several depths at each monitoring location.
                               106

-------
        Descriptions of Sites Inspected but Not Sampled



     Industrial waste disposal facilities located from New Hamp-



shire to Florida and as far west as California were inspected



as part of the site selection process (Table 4).   The facili-



ties included in the inspections were chosen on the basis of




data provided by the cooperating State agencies.   Inspections



were made to confirm the accuracy of information on file, to ob-




serve the physical and geologic conditions at the site, to as-



sure that the site met the criteria of the project, and to se-



lect sampling locations.  Fifty of the sites inspected were sub-



sequently sampled and have been described in a previous section.



Of the remaining 72 sites, 28 already contain monitoring wells



and seven have liners and/or leachate control systems.



     The geological settings of the inspected sites were as fol-



lows:  flood plain 14 percent, shallow bedrock 15 percent, gla-



ciated 35 percent, and coastal plain 36 percent.   About 20 per-



cent of the sites were located in areas of low permeability,



whereas 17 percent were located in abandoned sand pits or quar-



ries .



     A variety of waste materials and facility types were in-



cluded among the inspected sites.  Facilities included lagoons,



landfills, and combinations of the two.  Sites range in age



from 2 to over 30 years.  Eighteen abandoned sites were in-



cluded because they may continue to contaminate ground water




long after being closed.
                                107

-------
                   TABLE  4
SUMMARY OF DATA FROM  SITES  INSPECTED BUT NOT SAMPLED
State and site
Alabama












California


Connecticut



Illinois














Indiana











Massachusetts

Michigan




Mississippi





1-1

1-2

1-3
l-t
1-5


1-6
1-7
1-8

1-1

1-2
1-1

1-2
1^3
1-1
1-2

1-3
1-4

1-5

1-6


1-7
1-8
1-9

1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6

1-7

1-6

1-9
1-1
1-2
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
\-S
1-1
1-2
1-3

1-4
Location
in state A
NC

NC

NC
EC
SC


SW
sw
NC

we

we
sw

sw
s
sw
NE

NE
NC

NE

NE


NE
EC
NC

NC
SW
EC
EC
EC
EC

NW

EC

NE
NC
SC
EC
NC
SE
3E
EC
SW
we
NC

NE
Geologic setting
Shallow bedrock - carbon-
ate
Coastal plain - clay

Coastal plain -sand
Flood plain
Coastal plain -sand


Coastal plain -sand
Coastal plain -sand
Shallow bedrock - carbon-
ate
Coastal plain

Coastal plain
Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area - clay
Flood plain
Flood plain
Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area - clay
Glaciated area - sand

Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area - clay


Glaciated area - clay
Shallow bedrock -shale
Shallow bedrock - shale

Flood plain
Strip-mined area
Flood plain
Glaciated area - sand
Flood plain
Glaciated area - sand

Glaciated area -clay

Glaciated area - clay

Glaciated area -clay
Glaciated area -sand
Glaciated area -sand
Glaciated area - sand
Glaciated area - sand
Glaciated area - sand
Flood plain
Flood plain
Coastal plain -sand
Coastal plain -sand
Coastal plain -sand

Coastal plain -sand
Age
(yrs)
12

14

3
5
4


7
4
2

4

<5
<10

<10
<10
10
13

3
9

8

8


7
?
14

8
6
>10
5
6
3

11

4

>10
<10
<10
3
19
9
>10
>10
2
10
5

4
Facility type
Landfill

Landfill $

Landfill
Lagoon
Landfill


Lagoont
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill &
lagoon
Lagoon
Landfill

Landfill
Lagoon
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill
Landfill t

Landfill

Landfill


Landfill
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill
Lagoon
Landfillt
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill

Landfill

Landfill

Landfill
Lagoon t
Landfill t
Landfillt
Lagoon
Lagoon t|
Lagoon
Landfill
Lagoon
Lagoon t
Landfill &
lagoon
Landfill
Reported waste
types received
Organic liquids

Inorganic solids
& liquids
Inorganic solids
Organic liquids
Organic liquids
& inorganic
sludges
Organic sludges
Unknown
Inorganic sludges

Organic & inor-
ganic liquids
Organic liquids
Organic & inor-
ganic liquids
Unknown
Organic liquids
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
Inorganic solids &
liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Organic & inor-
ganic solids &
liquids
Inorganic sludges
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Inorganic solids
Inorganic sludges
Unknown
Inorganic sludges
Organic solids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Unknown
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
Inorganic sludges
Inorganic liquids
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
Organic solids
Unknown
Inorganic liquids
Unknown

Organic sludges
Moni- Reason for
tored Active rejection
Project termination

Project termination

' Project termination
' Project termination
^ Project termination


/ Project termination
» Small waste volume
* Too young

* * Project termination

/ / Project termination
/ No access

/ No access
/ No access
/ / No access
S S Poor records

/ / No geologic control
^ ^ Small waste volume

/ / Small waste volume

/ / Poor records


/ / No access
Project termination
^ ' Project termination

* No access
/ Project termination
In litigation
/ / Too young
Project termination
S Too young

» Project termination

/ / Too young

^ ^ Poor records
* No access
/ Poor records
* Project termination
^ Project termination
* v |sjo geologic control
/ No access
/ No access
^ ^ Project termination
Project termination
/ Project termination

* Project termination
                        108

-------
                                         TABLE   4   (Continued)
State and site
Mississippi





New Hampshire

New Jersey









New York





Pennsylvania
South Carolina












Wisconsin




1-5
l-o
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-1
1-2
1-1
1-2
1-3

1-4

\-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-1


1-2

1-3
1-1
1-1

1-2
1-3

1-4

1-5

1-6

1-7

1-1

1-2
1-3
Location
in state*
EC
we
we
we
EC
NC
S
S
SW
sw
sw

sw

sw
sw
sw
sw
NW


NE

NE
SE
NW

EC
SE

•EC

NW

NW

EC

EC

EC
EC
Age
Geologic setting (yrs)
Coastal plain -sand >10
Coastal plain -sand >10
Flood plain > 10
Flood plain >10
Coastal plain -sand 2
Coastal plain -sand -"10
Glaciated area -sand MO
Glaciated area - clay >10
Coastal plain -clay >10
Coastal plain -sand ^10
Coastal plain -sand >10

Coastal plain -sand >10

Coastal plain -sand >10
Coastal plain -sand >10
Coastal plain -sand -MO
Coastal plain -sand >10
Shallow bedrock - carbon- 7
ate

Glaciated area - sand 7

Glaciated area - sand 5
Shallow bedrock -shale <10
Shallow bedrock - crys- 5
talline
Coastal plain -sand 2
Coastal plain -sand 5

Coastal plain -sand 6

Shallow bedrock - crys- > 30
talline
Shallow bedrock - crys- 1
talline
Shallow bedrock - crys- 2
talline
Shallow bedrock - carbon- 7
ate
Glaciated area -sand 26
Glaciated area -sand ?
Facility type
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Lagoon
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill^
Landfill &
lagoon
Landfillf

Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill:):
Landfill J


LandfiM &
lagoon 1 1
Landfill t^
Landfill
Lagoon

Landfill
Landfill

Landfill

Landfill

Landfill

Lagoon

Landfill

Landfill
Landfill t
Reported waste
types received
Organic liquids
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludge
Inorganic solids
Inorganic liquids
Unknown

Organic & inor-
ganic liquids
Unknown
Inorganic sludge
Inorganic solids
Unknown
Organic & inor-
ganic solids.
liquids & sludge
Organic & inor-
ganic sludges
Organic liquids
Unknown
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Inorganic sludges
& organic liquids
Organic sludges

Organic liquids

Organic & inor-
ganic liquids
Organic liquids
& solids
Inorganic sludges
Organic liquids
Moni - Reason for
tored Active rejection
Poor records
Poor records
Poor records
No access
/ Small waste volume
Poor records
/ No access
/ Poor records
/ / Damage case
' * Damage case
v v Small waste volume

/ / Damage case

Poor records
/ / Projc :i termination
/ Damage case
/ Poor records
/ / No access


/ / Poor records

/ .Poor records
/ / Poor records
Project termination

/ Project termination
/ / Project termination

Project termination

* No geologic control

/ / Too young

/ Too young

No geologic control

No geologic control
J No geologic control
* Location in state:  N= north, S = south, E = east, W - west, C - central
t Facility located In abandoned sand and grovel or limestone quarry.
± Facility engineered with some type of leachate control such as liner, underdrain, or recirculation.
< Means "less than"
f Means "greater than"
                                                          109

-------
                            Alabama




     Site AL 1-1.  The site, located in north-central Alabama,



was operated as an open dump and then as a sanitary landfill,



before its forced closure in 1973 by State regulatory author-



ities because of recurrent incidents of surface-water contami-



nation originating from the property.  Large but unknown quan-



tities of industrial liquids, sludges, and solids have re-



portedly been disposed of at the site, specifically ethylene



glycol, terephthalic acid, dimethylterephthalate, and cutting



oils.  The disposal grounds overlie a permeable limestone for-



mation with sinkholes and a major 'fault zone.  No ground-water



monitoring is carried out at this site, although several springs



drain the area.  Early project termination prevented sampling



of these ground-water discharge points as a part of the project.



     Site AL 1-2.  This site, in north-central Alabama, was



operated as a dump from 1957 to 1960 and then as a sanitary



landfill.  A permit to operate was never issued by the state



and the site was abandoned in 1971.  Metal processing wastes



including liquids, sludges, and solids were accepted from 1960




to. 1971.  A leachate collection tile system was installed with-



in the facility in about 1970 to eliminate leachate springs in



the downgradient part of the fill.  Leachate intercepted by the



underdrains was diverted to a municipal sewage treatment plant



for dilution and subsequent discharge to an adjacent river.



The geology of the site is uncertain.  The uppermost earth
                                110

-------
materials exposed in a borrow pit along the flank of the filled



area are predominantly dense clays intermixed with angular



chert boulders of various sizes.  Dense crystalline bedrock is



believed to lie at a shallow depth below this formation.  Pro-



posed sampling of observed leachate seep springs along the toe




of the fill, and the installation of two wells for sampling



ground water upgradient and downgradient from the site, were




cancelled because of early project termination.



     Site AL 1-3.  This open dump in northern Alabama is owned



and operated by an industry which recycles used batteries.  The



refuse it receives consists of lead smelting waste and unre-



claimed battery parts.  Any subsurface migration of contamina-



tion from the disposal grounds is believed to enter an underly-



ing sand and gravel formation and flow from there to a nearby



creek.  Two monitoring wells planned for installation at appro-



priate upgradient and downgradient locations within the adjacent



stream flat were not constructed because of early project ter-



mination.



     Site AL 1-4.  This site is located in east-central Ala-



bama.  The disposal operation uses an unlined lagoon to receive



wash water from railroad tank car cleaning operations.  The



variety of waste products is wide because of the diversity of



materials carried in the tank cars.  Substances entering the



lagoon include styrene, fertilizer solutions, pesticides, min-




eral acids, industrial solvents, and many other liquid chemical



products.  The lagoon is finished in the clayey upper portion
                                 111

-------
of a 15-to 30-m (50-to 100-ft) thick formation of alluvial clay,



silt, sand, and gravel.  Underground migration of any contami-




nation which might originate from this site is believed to be



toward an adjacent creek and a wash water supply well located



about 30 m (100 ft)  away from the car cleaning yard.  A 1975



chemical analysis of water from this 14-m (48-ft) deep supply



well revealed no contamination.  A background well in the same



geohydrologic unit is located at an active gravel pi-t about



0.62 km (one mile) away-  Sampling of these facilities, and



the installation and sampling of an additional monitoring well



between the waste lagoon and the creek was not possible before



the project was terminated.



     Site AL 1-5.   The site is located in south-central Alabama,



and has three pits,  each 9 m (30 ft) wide, 6 m (20 ft) deep, and



380 m (1,250 ft) long.  Trench disposal of domestic and indus-



trial waste began in 1973.  Hazardous wastes include penta-



chlorophenol, mercury-treated cottonseed  (several million



pounds), and heavy metal alkali and acid sludges.  The Alabama



Geological Survey reports that the site is underlain by red



clayey sand and sandy clay of unknown thickness.   A well sup-



plying water for the landfill operation is located upgradient



of the disposal trenches.  During the site inspection, two



springs were noted along the bank of a small creek which flows



on the eastern edge  of the disposal grounds about 30 m (100 ft)




from the filled area.  A shallow monitoring well planned for



installation between the oldest trench and the creek was to be
                                112

-------
sampled at the time that water samples from the springs and




supply well previously mentioned would be obtained.  The proj-



ect was terminated before this work could be done.



     Site AL 1-6.   The site is located in the southwestern




corner of Alabama.  A series of lagoons located in a large




sand borrow pit receives about 303,800 litres (80,000 gal.) of



used oil each month for extraction of water.  The water and oil




sludge mixture from tank trucks is emptied into the unlined la-



goons where the water component seeps into underlying sand for-



mations.  The water lost to underlying formations carries with



it impurities from the oil that may include certain heavy met-




als and organic compounds.  Geologic deposits of the area are



generally sandy in nature, but locally contain lenses of clay.



Beneath the unconsolidated deposits is a sandstone formation,



estimated to be about 30 m (100 ft) below land surface.  Had



the project not been terminated earlier than planned, one mon-



itoring well would have been installed at a location about 30 m



(100 ft) downgradient from the oldest lagoon for contamination



detection sampling, and an upgradient domestic well in the area



would have been sampled for background.



     Site AL 1-7.   The site, in southern Alabama, consists of a



trench landfill.  During inspection, the operator reported that




the site had received no more than a few thousand gallons of



liquid industrial wastes.  For this reason, the site was not




considered for further study.



     Site AL 1-8.   The site is located in north-central
                                113

-------
Alabama, and is a three-year old landfill.  Large volumes of




heavy metal sludges have been disposed of at the site.  How-



ever, the short time of operation, and the impermeable nature



of surficial earth materials underlying the site, practically




assure that no appreciable ground-water contamination has had



time to migrate beyond the disposal grounds.



                          California



     Site CA 1-1.  This site is located northeast of San Fran-



cisco and consists of a network of evaporation ponds, landfills,



and landspreading areas for the disposal of industrial hazard-



ous waste (as defined by the State of California).   The site



covers over 81 ha  (200 acres) along the sides and bottom of a



watershed.  Over 8 million litres (2 million gal.)  of liquid



wastes are received monthly-  A monitoring well network is in-



stalled, but no data were available at the time of inspection.



     Site CA 1-2.  The disposal site is located northeast of



San Francisco.  A facility for solvent recovery and incinera-



tion, and a land disposal area for other types of industrial



wastes are located here.  The land disposal facility has both



lagoons for liquid and sludge disposal, and areas where wastes



are landspread.  A monitoring well network has been installed



by the site owners; however, no data were released at the time




of inspection.



                          Connecticut




     Site CT 1-1.  This 12-ha  (30-acre) privately owned land-



fill is located in southwestern Connecticut, about 2.4 km
                                114

-------
(1.5 mile) east of a moderately-sized river. _ All types of



wastes are accepted and industrial materials are known to



constitute a major portion of the total volume of waste mate-




rial received.  Ground-water data were not available; however,



leachate-contaminated surface water has shown positive heavy



metal test results, and PCB's are suspected.  The area is under-



lain by glacial deposits, with sand and gravel occurring in



narrow valleys and a thin till covering on hills.  During in-



spection in September 1976, ground water was estimated to be



4 to 6 m  (15-20 ft) below ground surface.



     The inspection revealed no suitable monitoring sites with-



in the landfill property which were accessible to drilling



equipment.  This fact, plus difficulties in securing access



across neighboring properties, prevented further field study of



the site.



     Site CT 1-2.  The site, in southwestern Connecticut, is



located on top of a hill on bedrock, about 1.6 km (1 mile) west,




of a major river.  About 12 ha  (30 acres) in area, it accepts



a wide variety of municipal and industrial wastes.  During an



inspection of the site in September 1976, numerous small streams,



originating as small springs issuing from the hillside, were



observed, and surface waters near the site showed indications



of leachate contamination.  These are the most probable means



for leachate transport from the site.  No monitoring wells




exist.



     Due to the complexity of the hydrologic system, the lack
                                115

-------
of a suitable aquifer medium for ground-water transport, and



problems with private property access, no further action was



taken.



     Site CT 1-3.  This industrial site is located in- southern



Connecticut near a major estuary.  It consists of three waste



lagoons situated on tidal marsh land adjacent to an interstate



highway.  The principal material contained in the lagoons is



dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a volatile organic compound known for




its ability to penetrate living tissue through surface contact.



This site could not be used for sampling purposes during the



project because access was denied by the owners.



                           Illinois



     Site IL 1-1.  This site is located in southwestern Illinois,



and is a landfill receiving municipal refuse and industrial and



sewage sludges.  Disposal began in the mid 1960's; in 1972 the



site was developed into a sanitary landfill.  The site is situ-



ated on an island created by a barge canal which parallels a



river.  Available soil boring data indicate that the area is



underlain by more than 15 m (50 ft) of alluvial sand, silt, and



silty clay.  There are five monitoring wells finished in the



alluvium at depths averaging 9 m (30 ft) below ground surface.



Considering the potential for movement of contaminants in ground



water through the alluvial earth materials, it was determined



that additional monitoring wells would have to be installed be-



cause the existing wells were located too far away from the fill



to assure early detection of contaminant migration.  This site
                                116

-------
was eliminated from the sampling phase of the study because of



access problems.



     Site IL 1-2.  The site is located in northeastern Illinois,



and is a 24-ha  (60-acre) landfill.  Hazardous waste consisting



of oil, paint, and heavy metal sludges have been accepted since



the late 1960's.  The site is underlain by about 27 m  (90 ft)




of silty, clayey till with intermittent sand and gravel lenses



over fractured dolomite bedrock.  There are six monitoring wells



finished in a sand and gravel zone above the bedrock surface.



By placing all of the wells in this deep aquifer, the possibil-



ity of migration through any shallow sand zone which may persist



laterally beneath the site was not fully investigated.  Also,



two of the wells appear to have been drilled 'through waste



material of the older fill.  It was determined that additional



wells would have to be installed to provide adequate water-



quality data for background and detection purposes.  The site



was eliminated from further evaluation.



     Site IL 1-3.  The site is a municipal and industrial land



fill located in northeastern Illinois.  Hazardous components of



waste include industrial wash-down water, caustic and acidic



sludges, and heavy metals.  These have been disposed of at the



site since 1973.  Geologic data indicate that the site is un-




derlain by 24 to 36 m (80-120 ft) of silty, clayey till with



sand and gravel lenses over fractured dolomite bedrock.  Exist-




ing monitoring facilities consist of three pairs of monitoring



wells, with a shallow well averaging 17 m  (55 ft) in depth and
                                117

-------
a deep well averaging 27 m (90 ft) in depth at each location.



This site was eliminated from the sampling phase of the project



because insufficient information was available to determine the



water-table gradient and the adequacy of the existing monitor-



ing wells.



     Site IL 1-4.  The site is located in north-central Illinois,




and consists of a 16-ha (40-acre) landfill.  An abandoned gravel



pit near the edge of the active site was filled as part of the



original disposal operations, which began in the late 1960's.



Hazardous waste has been accepted since 1971, and includes in-



dustrial sludges and liquids generated by small local industries.



The site is underlain by about 9 m (30 ft)  of glacial silt,  sand,



and gravel over fractured dolomite bedrock.  Six monitoring wells



are present and are finished in the glacial material.  This  site



was eliminated from the sampling program after it was determined



that relatively small quantities of hazardous waste  (in compari-



son to municipal refuse) had been disposed of in the fill.



     Site IL 1-5.  This site, a 64-ha (160-acre)  landfill, is



located in northeastern Illinois.  Industrial wash-down water



and treated sludges containing small amounts of heavy metals



comprise the hazardous waste input.  These materials have been



disposed of since the late 1960's.  Soil boring data indicate



that the area is underlain by 1.5 to 9 m (5-30 ft)  of silty



clayey till, with sand and silt lenses, over fractured dolo-




mite bedrock.  The four monitoring wells present are finished
                                118

-------
in the till.  The site was eliminated because of the small vol-




ume of hazardous wastes.



     Site IL 1-6.  The site is located in northeastern Illinois,




and consists of a 68-ha (170-acre) landfill.  Municipal refuse,



oils, paint sludges, solvents, and a variety of caustic and




acidic liquid wastes are accepted.  Industrial wastes are also



shipped in from out of state.  Soil boring information indicates



that the area is underlain by about 6 m  (20 ft) of lacustrine



sand and silt above 21 m  (70 ft) of glacial till, which in turn



overlies fractured dolomite bedrock.  Five monitoring wells are



finished in the lacustrine and glacial materials at depths rang-



ing from 3 to 17 m  (10-55 ft) below ground surface.  Since the



possibility exists that some or all of the existing monitoring



wells penetrate fill material, it was determined that addi-



tional wells would be needed to provide representative back-



ground and detection water quality data.  Thus, the site was



not sampled.



     Site IL 1-7.  The site, located in northeastern Illinois,




is a 12-ha  (30-acre) landfill containing municipal refuse,



oils, paint sludge, and sludges containing heavy metals.  Geo-



logic data indicate that the area is underlain by about 6 m



(20 ft) of lacustrine clay, 12 m  (40 ft) of clayey till, and



fractured dolomite bedrock.  Four pairs of monitoring wells




exist at the site, with a shallow well finished 6 to 9 m  (20-




30 ft) below ground surface and a deep well finished 21 to 27



m  (70-90 ft) below ground surface at each well location.  No
                                 119

-------
sampling was done because the landfill operator refused access.



     Site IL 1-8.  The site is located in east-central Illinois,



and is now an abandoned 20-ha (50-acre) landfill.  A single bur-



ial of an unknown quantity of herbicide took place in the north-



east corner of the landfill.  Other industrial wastes from the



region have also been mixed with municipal wastes and deposited.



The site is situated in an abandoned strip mine area, and, al-



though no monitoring wells are present, a leachate seep near



the herbicide burial location was noted.  It was determined



that this site could be studied by sampling the seep for detec-



tion purposes and inventorying a local water supply well for



background water quality.  These plans were not carried out due



to early project termination.



     Site IL 1-9.  The site is located in north-central Illinois,



and consists of a 24-ha  (60-acre) landfill.  Dumping began in



the early 1960's, but the site was not upgraded to a sanitary



landfill until 1973.  Engineering data and topographic maps in-



dicate that the area is a former strip mine located on a river



bluff.  Approximately 11 m  (35 ft) of overburden was stripped



to mine a coal seam.  Beneath the coal seam, a clay layer aver-



aging 1.5 m  (5 ft) in thickness was left by the stripping oper-



ation.  The shale overburden was piled on top of the clay as



the mining progressed.  Four monitoring wells are finished in




the spoil material, but three of them have been dry, according



to the records.  Two seep springs which could be sampled for



background and detection were located during field inspection,
                               120

-------
although the project was terminated before sampling could be




carried out.



                            Indiana




     Site IN 1-1.  The site is located in north-central Indiana.



Metal smelting waste (dross) containing high concentrations of




chloride and fluoride has been disposed of directly on the land



surface since the late 1960's.  Geological records indicate



that the site is underlain by 1.5 to 6 m  (5-20 ft) of clay re-



sidual soil over dense limestone bedrock.  The site is situa-



ted on an upland at the edge of a limestone bluff.  In the river



valley below the bluff, alluvial sands and gravsls are present



from the land surface down to bedrock, a depth of 9 to 15 m



(30-50 ft).  Precipitation runoff from the dross piles contains



chloride and fluoride, and presents the major source of pollu-




tion at the site.  A large portion of this runoff flows over-



land down the bluff, percolates into the alluvium and reaches



the water table.  Since no monitoring wells existed at the



site, it was proposed that at least one well be drilled for



detection purposes, and that a local water supply well be in-



ventoried to provide background water-quality data.  However,



access was denied by the site owners.



     Site IN 1-2.  The disposal area at this southwestern



Indiana site has received waste-water sl-udge from a large metal



fabricating plant since 1969.  The principal hazardous compo-



nents of the sludge are chromium, phosphorus, and fluoride.



Fire clays and shales in the coal sequence underlying the site
                                121

-------
render the base of the mine pits quite impermeable, and sludge



dumped into the pits stands until the water fraction evaporates,



No monitoring wells were present at the site, nor were there



seepage springs or private wells that could be sampled.  At



least two wells are required for monitoring.  The owner had



given permission for access, but the project was terminated be-



fore field work could begin.



     Site IN 1-3.  The site is an open dump located in central



Indiana.  Records of types and quantities of waste received by



the site are scarce, although a rubber plant and sewage treat-



ment plant were reported to have been the major industrial



waste contributors.  The waste was deposited into an abandoned



gravel pit on the flood plain of a river.  No mon,itoring net-



work was ever implemented.  The site has been the,, subject of



litigation since 1972, and was not accepting refuse in August



1976.  The circumstances of the site's operation did not fit



project criteria.



     Site IN 1-4.  This landfill is located in central Indiana.



Municipal waste and industrial waste including heavy metal hy-



droxide sludges and solvents have been accepted at the site for



a little less than five years.  Geological data show the area



is underlain by about 3 m (10 ft) of sandy clay and 9 m (30



ft) of sand and gravel above blue clay.  The site is situated



at the edge of a river flood plain.  Three monitoring wells



are present, finished in the sand and gravel.  The relatively



young age of the landfill, and the small quantities of
                                122

-------
hazardous waste involved, eliminated this site from considera-



tion.



     Site IN 1-5.  This landfill is located in central Indiana.




Scrap from the manufacture of insulation containing phenolic



binder material was deposited from 1970 through 1973 on land




owned by the company and located adjacent to the plant.  The



site is situated on a flood plain between the confluence of



two rivers.  Well logs indicate that the area is underlain by



about 6 m  (20 ft) of sand and gravel, 9 m (30 ft)  of clay, and



limestone bedrock.  Since no monitoring wells were found at



the site, at least two would be needed:  one for background




water quality and one for detection of contamination.  Permis-



sion had been granted for drilling, but the site was not studied



due to early termination of the project.



     Site IN 1-6.  The site, in central Indiana, is a municipal



landfill.  Metal hydroxide sludges and oil-saturated soil have



been accepted in addition to the municipal refuse.  The indus-



trial waste has been accepted only since 1974.  Field observa-



tions indicated that the area lies on silty clay material with



some stringers of sand.  The landfill is situated on a hill



that slopes toward an intermittent stream.  No monitoring wells




were available.  It was determined that three would be neces-



sary:  one for background and two for detection purposes.  Be-



cause of the relatively short time over which hazardous wastes




have been disposed, the site was eliminated from consideration



for further study.
                                 123

-------
     Site IN 1-7.  This landfill is located in northwestern



Indiana.  Hazardous waste has been accepted at the site since



1967, and has included metal hydroxide sludges, oil sludges,



and paint waste.  A one-time disposal of 114 litres (30 gal.)



of 5 percent DDT solution took place.  Available data concern-



ing the hydrogeologic setting was incomplete.  Bedrock is



thought to be at least 91 m  (300 ft)  deep.  No monitoring wells



are present, but installation of two should be sufficient to



detect contamination and yield background data.  Pemission had



been obtained for drilling, but further field work was not un-



dertaken due to early termination of the project.



     Site IN 1-8.  This site, in eastern Indiana, is a land-



fill that has received metal hydroxide sludges, lubricating



oils, and municipal waste since 1972.  The area is underlain



by about 27 m (90 ft) of silty clay till over fractured lime-



stone bedrock, with a persistent water-yielding sand zone



found at about 7.5 m (25 ft).  Two observation wells were



present, but one was dry and probably plugged.  During inspec-



tion it was determined that at least two more monitoring wells



would be required:  one to determine background water quality



and one for detection of contamination.  The relatively young



age of the facility coupled with the slow migration rate of



water through clay till eliminated this site from further con-




sideration.



     Site IN 1-9.  This landfill, located in northeastern



Indiana, was a burning dump prior to becoming a landfill in
                                 124

-------
1967.  Municipal, demolition, and unknown types and quantities



of industrial wastes have been accepted at the site.  Geological



records indicate that the site is underlain by 24 to 27 m (80-



90 ft)  of sandy clay, sand, and gravel over limestone bedrock.



Eight monitoring wells were available, but another site adjacent



to this one offered better records and easier access, so this



site was eliminated from further study.



                         Massachusetts



     Site MA 1-1.  This private waste lagoon site, located in



north-central Massachusetts, is less than five years old.  The



total site area is less than 0.8 ha (2 acres) and includes a



waste lagoon about 9 m (30 ft) in diameter.  A "large tank was



observed, apparently being readied for burial as a holding ves-



sel for some undetermined liquid waste.  A black tar-like sub-



stance, probably a petroleum waste, was observed in the lagoon



and on the ground at several locations.



     Massachusetts state personnel related that the individual



who owns and operates the site has conformed with existing



regulations and has obtained the proper permits, although



there is concern that leachate migration from the site may oc-



cur, especially to nearby watershed lands.



     The site is situated at the foot of a steep hill near a



wetlands area.  A dug well on the site about 15 m (50 ft)



from the lagoon showed ground water at about 46 cm  (18 in.)  be-



low existing grade, and the geology to be sands and gravels.




This well would probably render a good downgradient monitoring
                                125

-------
sample; a well uphill from the site might supply a background



sample.  However, access to the site was denied.




     Site MA 1-2.  This south-central Massachusetts site was



inspected in October 1976.  About 3.2 ha (8 acres) of a 6-ha



(15-acre) gravel pit are now filled with mostly municipal refuse.



The thickness of the waste material averages 6 to 7.5 m (20 to



25 ft).  A steaming patch of black, partially dried sludge of



unknown origin and composition was noted on top of the fill.



The age of the facility is not known.



     The site is underlain by coarse sands and gravels over



metamorphic bedrock.  No monitoring wells exist at the site.



Lack of background information eliminated this site from addi-



tional study.



                           Michigan



     Site MI 1-1.  The site is located in east-central Michigan,



and consists of a landfilling operation carried out in pits



left from previous sand mining.  Hazardous waste, including



9,460 litres (2,500 gal.) per month of chromium hydroxide



sludge, calcium, silica, aluminum, chloride, fluoride, and



magnesium has been buried at the site since 1974.




     Soil boring and well data indicate that the area is un-



derlain by glacial drift to a depth of at least 21 m  (70 ft).



The drift is composed of sand and gravel with discontinuous



clay layers.  The site is about 18 m (60 ft) higher than a




river that forms the property boundary 0.4 km (0.25 mi) away.



This surface water course is the natural ground-water discharge
                                126

-------
point for the surficial aquifers in this area.  No monitoring



facilities exist at the site.  Optimum pollution detection con-



siderations suggest that one monitoring well be drilled near




the disposal pit, between that facility and the river.  A water



supply well could be inventoried to provide a background sample.



This work was not carried out because of early project termina-



tion.



     Site MI 1-2.  The site is located in north-central



Michigan, and consists of lagoons and a natural pond on the




property of a metal fabricating plant.  Disposal began in the



late 1950"s; the two older lagoons near the plant were aban-



doned and covered in 1971.  At that time, a series of new la-



goons located about 91 m  (300 ft) south of the plant became



operational.  The effluent pond lies about 457 m (1,500 ft)



south of the plant.  Prior to 1973, the discharge was untreated,



and both the lagoons and the natural pond received effluent



containing toxic materials, including cyanide and hexavalent



chromium.  Since that time, the total discharge has been segre-



gated so that the pond receives the less hazardous portion of



the waste stream.  Discharge of the waste process water is




estimated at 11 litres/sec (174 gpm) .



     Data from soil borings and well logs indicate that the



area is underlain by about 152 m (500 ft) of glacial drift over



shale bedrock.  The upper section of drift consists of about




30 m (100 feet) of sand and gravel over 15 m  (50 ft) of clay.



At least two monitoring wells are necessary for a study of the
                                127

-------
site, one near the abandoned and filled lagoon sites, and the



other near and downgradient from the new lagoons.  Existing




wells at the site could provide background water quality.



Early project termination prevented further study of this site.



     Site MI 1-3.  The site is located in southeastern Michigan,



and consists of a high temperature incinerator, barrel storage



area, lagoons for liquid waste storage, and a storm-water reten-



tion basin.  Combustible liquid wastes are trucked in for dis-



posal by incineration.  Although the operation is reported to



have begun in 1968, protective measures such as berms, subdrains,



liners, monitoring wells, and other control features were not



constructed until 1975.  The site covers approximately 4 ha  (10



acres).  The site is situated within a garbage filled gravel



pit. The pit area is underlain by glacial outwash and lake de-



posits that are reportedly at least 40 m (130 ft) thick.  The



outwash portion consists of 6 to 9 m (20-30 ft) of sand and



gravel and overlies sandy lacustrine clay-   Another zone of



sand and gravel of unknown thickness is present below the clay.



Ten monitoring wells are presently finished in the old refuse



fill and underlying sand and gravel at depths of 9 m (30 ft)



below land surface.  Depths of the water table range from 4 to



6 m  (13-20 ft) .



     The site was not sampled because the ground-water flow



pattern in the region is complex and quality is complicated by




the existence of the old fill material and the possible adul-



teration effects of other -nearby disposal facilities.
                                128

-------
     Site MI 1-4.  The site is located in southeastern Michigan,




and consists of sludge settling lagoons and sludge storage beds




on the property of a metal fabricating plant.  Treated waste




water is composed of acidic plating waste containing chromium,



copper and zinc, and alkaline waste containing copper and zinc




cyanide complexes.



     Soil boring data indicate that the area is underlain by



4.5 to 9 m  (15-30 ft) of stiff sandy clay over broken limestone



and shale.  This is a near shore site with the water table




within 1.5 m (5 ft) of land surface.  Study of this particular



site was proposed because of the geologic setting of tight clay



which is in contrast to the more common conditions of sand and



gravel in Michigan.  However, access to the site was denied by



the owners.



     Site MI 1-5.  A chemical company plant located in central



Michigan has contaminated land around the plant site with poly-



brominated biphenyls  (PBB's) through spills, and careless hand-



ling and storage methods that allowed escape of the chemicals



to the environment.  Geologic data from well logs indicate that




the area is underlain by alluvium and glacial drift to a depth



of at least 60 m  (200 ft).  The alluvium consists of 3 to 6 m



(10-20 ft) of sand and gravel, and overlies a section of hard



clay and gravel about 15 m  (50 ft) thick, below which sand and



gravel strata alternate with clay layers.  The site is located




on a river flood plain.



     No ground-water monitoring facilities exist at the site.
                                 129

-------
Installation of two monitoring wells for detection purposes



were proposed, but request for permission to install these was




refused by the company.



                          Mississippi



     Site MS 1-1.  This site, located in the southwestern cor-



ner of the state, has sludge settling lagoons and a spray irri-



gation facility for chemically treated waste liquids.  It has



been operating since 1974.  The Mississippi Geological Survey



has installed six test holes 40 to 46 m (13.0-150 ft) deep.



Drillers' and electrical logs indicate the area is mantled with



fine- to medium-grained sand to depths ranging from 17 to 26 m



(55-85 ft) above clay and clayey sand from 6 to 9 m (20-30 ft)



thick, overlying permeable sand with some gravel to the depth



of penetration.  Monitoring wells later installed at these test



hole sites were finished at a final depth of 24 m (80 ft).  The



wells are situated at distances thought to be too great for



contamination to have reached them at present.   Plans for sam-



pling and drilling of additional monitoring wells at the site



were cancelled due to early project termination.



     Site MS 1-2.  This site is located in central Mississippi,



and consists of five abandoned seepage lagoons that are now



filled and covered with sandy material from the active portion



of the sand pit which contains them.  During the many years that



these lagoons were operational they received large but unknown



volumes of acidic liquid and sludge residues containing heavy



metals from a nearby used-oil refinery-  Subsurface drainage of
                                130

-------
the waste liquids is evidenced by the presence of many dead




trees between the disposal grounds and a nearby downgradient



swampy area.  One monitoring well placed here, and another one




situated upgradient for background control, should provide an




adequate monitoring network for this facility.  Early project



termination cancelled drilling and monitoring plans at this



site.




     Site MS 1-3.  The site is located in north-central Missis-



sippi, and consists of a seepage lagoon and adjacent sand



trenches used for the disposal of chromium-rich liquid and



sludge waste from a local industry.  The site is situated on the



flank of a steeply sloping ridge underlain with a thick section



of fine to medium sand with some thin lenses of clayey sand.



No records are available pertaining to the geology, but inspec-



tion indicated that ground water probably flows southwest toward



a creek about 3 km  (2 miles) away.  Plans for the drilling of



monitoring wells were cancelled because of early project termi-



nation.




     Site MS 1-4.  The site is located in northeastern Missis-



sippi, and consists of a 17-4-ha  (43-acre) landfill.  Large



quantities of chemicals, sludges, and paint wastes mixed with



non-hazardous refuse have been accepted.  The site is situated



in a lowland marshy area about 760 m (2,500 ft) from a major



creek.  Sandy formations are exposed nearby, but the geology




of the underlying area is not known.  Monitoring plans were



cancelled because of early project termination.
                                131

-------
     Site MS 1-5.  The site, located in east-central Mississippi,



is comprised of an open burning dump, now abandoned.  Commercial



oil, paint, and textile mill wastes are reported as a part of



the total waste accepted; however, no identifiable residues



were found.  Because of the unknown type and quantity of haz-



ardous wastes that might have been discarded here, the site was



excluded from detailed study.



     Site MS 1-6.  The site, located in, west-central Mississippi,



consists of an abandoned sanitary landfill that began as an



open dump.  No dependable information concerning the types of



waste received was available, thereby eliminating the site from



further consideration.



     Site MS 1-7.  The site is located in extreme western Missis-



sippi, and consists of a landfill exceeding 16 ha (40 acres) in



size.  The landfill is located on a flood plain and is underlain



by alluvium.  The lack of dependable background data made this



site undesirable for additional investigation.



     Site MS 1-8.  The site is located in central Mississippi,



and is an abandoned open dump.  Many types of domestic, commer-



cial, and industrial wastes were discarded from about 1940 to



1975.  Surface-water contamination from the landfill is a con-



tinuing problem.  Ground-water contamination also is a poten-



tial problem.  Because of site selection criteria considerations,



the fact that all available lands for monitoring well location



are covered with refuse makes the site unacceptable for project



inclusion.





                                132

-------
     Site MS 1-9.  The site is located in central Mississippi,



and consists of a three-year old landfill.  No appreciable



amounts of hazardous wastes have been documented, but its prox-




imity to a public water supply well prompted public officials



to request an investigation.  Well-drained lowlands in a major



valley are being filled with compacted refuse and then covered



daily with about 0.6 m (2 ft)  of sandy clay that is graded to



conform to the sloping hillside topography.  Surficial and un-



derground drainage is in the opposite direction from the muni-



cipal supply well that is located about 400 m (1,300 ft) away.



Because hazardous waste deposition appears negligible, the site



was not studied further.



     Site MS 1-10.  This site, in central Mississippi, was an



open dump.  Before abandonment, industrial oil and paint sludges



were said to have been a portion of the waste materials.  Be-



cause of the lack of records covering waste type and amount, no



additional investigation is planned.



                         New Hampshire



     Site NH 1-1.  This lagoon site in southeastern New Hamp-




shire is owned by a private chemical company and adjoins a muni-



cipal landfill site that was drilled and sampled as part of the



project.  The lagoon, believed to be receiving synthetic or-



ganic liquid wastes, was inspected at the same time as the muni-



cipal landfill.  No field work was undertaken here due to prob-




lems of obtaining access.



     Site NH 1-2.  The site, located in southern New Hampshire,
                                133

-------
consists of land not formally designated as a dump or landfill,



upon which tannery sludges and other wastes have been dumped.



Local citizens customarily dump domestic refuse as well.  Very



little is known by the state officials regarding the site, in-



cluding its ownership.  No field work was undertaken because of



the lack of records.



                          New Jersey




     Site NJ 1-1.  This site is a 16-ha (40-acre) landfill lo-



cated in southwestern New Jersey.  The facility accepts some



solid industrial wastes, but dumping of liquids and chemical



waste is prohibited.  The site is located in a wetland and a



creek bounds the site on three sides.  Two observation wells



had been installed and analyses of ground water showed contami-



nation from copper, lead, and arsenic.  The existing evidence



of ground-water contamination removed this site from further



consideration as part of the project.



     Site NJ 1-2.  This site is a 26-ha (65-acre) landfill that



receives municipal waste, animal wastes from nearby farms, and



industrial wastes including some chemical waste.  Current waste



volume is about 1,350 tonnes/day (1,500 tons/day).  A diked



ditch acts as a leachate collector.  Liquid collected in the



ditch is pumped back to the surface of the landfill.  There are



eight monitoring wells finished at various depths.  Ground-



water quality data showed that a deep aquifer has been con-



taminated by cadmium and lead, and by several other non-haz-




ardous constituents.  These data eliminated the site from
                                134

-------
additional study.



     Site NJ 1-3.  This landfill, located in southwestern New




Jersey, occupies about 20 ha (50 acres) and is about 24 m  (80



ft) thick.  The facility receives little or no industrial waste,



A major aquifer underlies the disposal site, and apparently



leachate is percolating into it as no surface seeps have been



observed.  The lack of evidence for significant contributions




of industrial waste precluded further investigation.



     Site NJ 1-4.  This landfill, located in southwestern New




Jersey, is characterized by a relatively flat surface with very



steep side slopes and a thickness of about 15 m (50 ft).   The



filled area covers about 8 ha (20 acres).  The landfill accepts



primarily municipal, septic, and non-chemical waste.  During



inspection, a load of liquid chemical waste was refused entry



by the State inspector accompanying the Geraghty & Miller, Inc.



representative.  Three monitoring wells had been installed and



arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead were detected in the ground



water.  This evidence of ground-water contamination eliminated



the site from more detailed study.



     Site NJ 1-5.  This site is located in southwestern New



Jersey, and is a landfill of about 36 ha (90 acres).  The land-



fill has been closed 25 years and is covered with dense plant



growth.  Monitoring wells were installed about 20 years ago,



but no analytical data were available.  The only monitoring



well found was dry at the time of inspection.  The  length of



time that the landfill has been inactive and the lack of data
                                135

-------
on wastes received led to its being omitted from drilling and



sampling.



     Site NJ 1-6.  This landfill covers only 2.0 ha  (5 acres)



and is located in southwestern New Jersey.  It is presently



used for the disposal of sludge produced by a chemical company's



waste water treatment plant.  The chemical composition of the



sludge was not known, but samples taken from shallow monitoring



wells contained nickel, lead, and copper.  This site would have



qualified for further study if the project were not terminated.



     Site NJ 1-7.  This landfill is comprised of an inactive



20-ha (50-acre) acre and an active 4-ha (10-acre) area.  It is



located near the Delaware River in southwestern New Jersey.



The site is underlain by a permeable aquifer recharge area.



The amount of industrial waste accepted is not documented, but



it could be substantial as several large industries are nearby.



One monitoring well was installed and it appeared to be con-



taminated with arsenic, barium, zinc, and selenium.  No back-



ground samples were available for comparison.   Evidence of con-



tamination is great enough to delete this site from further



study.




     Site NJ 1-8.  This landfill is located in southern New



Jersey and consists of an abandoned landfill and an area being



readied for expansion.  Two monitoring wells are present, but



the data from them are inconclusive regarding contamination by




hazardous constituents.  Because of the transition of the site



from inactive to active and lack of historical records, the
                             136

-------
site was omitted from further study.  A leachate collection sys-



tem is under construction at this site.



                           New York



     Site NY 1-1.  This northwestern New York site was in-



spected in October 1976.  Filling activities at the 24-ha (60-




acre) landfill began in 1970.  In addition to domestic garbage,



industrial wastes such as paper pulp, those from felt manufac-



turing, and brewery sludge are accepted.  Liquid wastes are



deposited into a dug pit, pumped through irrigation header



pipes and sprayed upon vegetated land.  The system is designed



so that runoff from the spray irrigation area will drain back



into the reception pits.  The reception pits are unlined, and



the site is situated upon unconsolidated silts, sands and



gravels with a potential for leachate migration.



     Four monitoring wells are installed at the site.  The land-



fill appeared to qualify as a sampling site based upon project



criteria, until municipal authorities in charge of the facility



refused cooperation and access.



     Site NY 1-2.  The site, located in northeastern New York



State, covers about 57 ha (140 acres).  Landfilling operations



began in about 1970.  Sand pit excavations are filled to a




depth of 15 m (50 ft)  or more after they are vacated.  Records



do not indicate hazardous waste disposal; however, during in-



spection of the site in October 1976 it was evident that paints,



sludges, and other types of industrial waste had been dumped




along with municipal refuse, presumably in violation of
                                137

-------
operational codes.   Since operating records could not be ob-



tained the site was excluded from further study.



     Site NY 1-3.   Operations began in 1972 at this 40-ha (100-



acre) landfill site located in northeastern New York State,  west



of the Hudson River.   At the time of inspection in October 1976,



about 6 ha (15 acres)  of hillside land had been filled by exca-



vating 3 to 3.6 m (10-12 ft) of cover material and refilling



with refuse.   Operational specifications for the site do not



permit the acceptance of septic or sewage sludge, or any gener-



ally hazardous materials.  However, field inspection indicated



that a limited but  significant volume of industrial liquid and



solid waste have been recently deposited at the site.  At least



some of these wastes  are from a sizable electronics manufactur-



ing facility, thus  raising the possibility of PCB contamination.



     The landfill is  on the side of a hill in sandy soils, and



ground water occurs generally within a few feet of land surface.



Bedrock is suspected to be at shallow depths throughout the



area.  An operating gravel pit lies downgradient of the landfill,



and a narrow marsh  is present at the foot of the hill.  Ground



water moving downhill emerges as springs where bedrock approaches



ground level.  An underdrain system supposedly intercepts leach-



ate generated from the landfill for removal to treatment facil-



ities.  However, observed leachate springs near the fill toe



suggest that the drain system is not entirely successful.  In-



complete records excluded this facility from the project.
                                138

-------
                         Pennsylvania




     Site PA 1-1.  This municipal landfill site, located in




southeastern Pennsylvania, covers 16 to 20 ha (40-50 acres).  It



has been operating as a managed landfill for at least ten years,



and possibly longer as an open dump.  The fill is contained in



a narrow stream valley, near a major river, and attains a



height of about 9m  (30 ft) above the valley floor.  Unconsoli-



dated deposits are very thin, and are underlain by shale bed-



rock.



     A number of monitoring wells are reportedly installed:



two at a downgradient location, one background well, and some




wells within the filled area.  All are finished in shale.



During the inspection one downgradient monitoring well was lo-



cated; the other could not be found.  Furthermore, the'back-



ground well was discovered to have been filled with debris by



vandals.  Wells inside the filled area were observed but not



closely inspected since they did not comply with project cri-



teria.  Moreover, the site was reported to have received only



municipal wastes.  It was decided to exclude this site from



sampling, because of the lack of records.



                        South Carolina




     Site SC 1-1.  This site, which contains five unlined



seepage lagoons, is  located near the northwestern corner of



the state.  It was in operation from 1970 until October 1975.




The lagoons, in tight clay soils underlain by dense metamorphic




bedrock, received large but unspecified volumes of hazardous
                                 139

-------
industrial liquid wastes containing oil, chromium, cadmium,




copper, zinc and nickel from metals industries, plus dyes from



nearby textile plants.  During inspection, all lagoons were



observed to be almost full of varicolored liquids, although no



industrial waste fluids had been received since September 1975.



This fact suggests that the low permeability of the clay de-



posits has effectively isolated the local ground-water reser-




voir from this particular source of contamination.  An existing



domestic well 305 m (1,000 ft) upgradient, and a spring located



about 30 m (100 ft)  downgradient of one lagoon, could serve to



monitor any localized ground-water -contamination resulting from



seepage beneath the waste lagoons.  Early project termination



prevented further study of this site.



     Site SC 1-2.  -At this eastern South Carolina site, more



than 118 tonnes  (130 tons) of organic pesticides were buried



following an October 1974 warehouse fire at an agricultural



chemical company.  The fire damaged products discarded included



large amounts of 18 different pesticides.  The disposal method



consisted of burial in two trenches, 2.1m (7 ft)  deep by 4.6



m (15 ft) wide by 52 m (170 ft) long, which were excavated in



sand.  Three test holes drilled at that time adjacent to the



site penetrated fine to medium sand from land surface to depths



ranging from 2.4 to 4.3 m (8-14 ft).  Static water levels of



2 to 3 m (7-10 ft) below grade were recorded in these borings.



At that time a monitoring well was constructed 30 m (100 ft)



or so west of the burial grounds, at a point about halfway
                                140

-------
between the site and a sawmill water supply well.  According to



the sawmill owner,- the monitoring well was never sampled after




installation.



     During the inspection of this site in June 1976, the saw-




mill owner stated that shortly after the burial operation took



place the water from the mill well acquired such a bad odor and



taste that no one could drink it.  During site inspection it was




also observed that the flow of contaminated ground-water toward



the southeast has occurred, as evidenced by the presence of a




faint pesticide odor and by leachate discoloration at a seep



along the sides of a flooded sand and gravel pit located about



30 m (100 ft) away.  No additional study of this site was done



before the project was terminated.



     Site SC 1-3.  This site, located on a small sandy island



off the southeast coast, began operation as a municipal and in-



dustrial waste landfill in 1971.  Since that time the site has



received large quantities of creosote, heavy metal sludges, oil



floe, asbestos fiber wastes, and vegetable canning residues.



The site is underlain by fine to medium sand to a depth of at



least 5.9 m  (19.5 ft) according to the log of a State-drilled



test hole.  A 5-cm (2-in.) diameter PVC monitoring well, now



inoperative, was installed in the test hole.  However, this



well does not conform to project well location criteria be-



cause it is situated within the landfill and, when installed,



reportedly penetrated 1.2 m (4 ft) of garbage with a strong




hydrocarbon odor.  However, chemical analyses of samples taken
                                141

-------
from State files gave an indication as to the various constitu-

ents to be expected in leachate contaminated ground water leav-

ing the disposal grounds.  Copper, nickel, zinc, and phenols

were all found in high concentrations.

     During the inspection tour it was noted that a downgradient

spring, about 9 m (30 ft) beyond the site boundary, showed dis-

coloration typical of leachate contamination.  A small diameter

monitoring well could be easily installed in the vicinity of

that spring for contamination detection.  A number of upgradient

domestic wells could be sampled for background quality.  Early

project termination prevented further study of this site.

     Site SC 1-4.  This landfill site is located in the east-

central part of the state and operated from 1972 through 1975,

receiving liquid and sludge hazardous wastes from local indus-

try, including oil floe and metal plating sludges, asbestos

fiber, and discarded mercury vapor lights.  These wastes were

routinely mixed with domestic refuse.  Available geohydrologic
                                                             -?
data indicate that sand, silty sand and sandy clay underlie the

site to a depth of 30 m  (100 ft) or more, and that the water

table should be between 1.5 to 3 m (5-10 ft)  below grade.  Ob-

servations made during the inspection suggest a northward

ground-water flow toward a nearby swamp, about 30 to 152 m

(100-500 ft) away from the filled area.  An interstate highway

lies between these two points.  Several oily seeps along a

ditch beside this roadway were sampled in March 1976 by the

State with inconclusive results.  Resampling of these points
                                142

-------
and/or drilling and sampling one or more shallow monitoring



wells nearby was planned for ground-water contamination moni-



toring.  This was not accomplished before the project was ter-



minated.




     Site SC 1-5.  The site, more than 30 years old, is owned



by an electrical manufacturing company located in northwestern



South Carolina.  Since the plant opening, large amounts of




PCB's were used and disposed of.  Disposal history indicates



dumping of industrial wastes in three local landfills, with



the exception of PCB wastes which were treated with aluminum



oxide  (Al 0 ) and settled in two sludge lagoons.  The clarified



water from the lagoons was discharged to a nearby stream;



sludge accumulations were periodically removed from the lagoons



and were buried in trenches, on plant property-  The geohydro-



logic environment, a thick clayey soil overlying dense schist




bedrock, with no known aquifers present, excludes the possibil-



ity for significant ground-water contamination.  Moreover, the



steep topography of the area causes rapid overland runoff of



precipitation and any contamination it might transport, thereby



insuring that only minimal infiltration of such contaminated



liquids could occur before reaching some nearby surface water



drainage course.  The steep topography also made monitoring



well siting difficult.  For these reasons, the site was omitted




from further project study.




     Site SC 1-6.  This northwestern South Carolina site is




located on the property of a private agricultural university.
                                143

-------
Since 1975 various wastes generated by the school, including a



considerable volume of pesticides, have been buried in a pit at



a highland area near the campus.  Soil materials at the site



consist of dense impermeable clays of unknown thickness.  One



monitoring well exists but is located in the middle of the



filled area, precluding its use as a sampling point in keeping



with project criteria.  As of the July 1976 inspection tour, no



water-quality data were available for this well.  In view of



the nature of the soil materials and their low vulnerability



to rapid leachate migration, and also the short length of time



since disposal began, this site was not further investigated.



     Site SC 1-7.  This site, which includes several industrial



waste lagoons, is owned by a tool manufacturing company in



northwestern South Carolina.  Sludge and liquid plating wastes



have been deposited in the lagoons since about 1975.  The la-



goons are excavated in and underlain by unconsolidated deposits



in which dense, impermeable clays predominate.  No monitoring



wells now exist, but several are proposed.  Because the site is



quite young, and the earth materials are so clayey, it is



doubtful that any major leachate migration has taken place.



For these reasons no further work at the site seemed warranted.



                           Wisconsin




     Site WI 1-1.  The site is a landfill located in east-



central Wisconsin.  Unknown quantities of industrial wastes



were deposited at the site from 1969 until 1976, when it was



closed under orders by the State.  Some of the known constituents
                                144

-------
of the wastes are organic solvents, phenols and heavy metals.



The area is underlain by up to 5 m (17 ft) of glacial clay and



sand over dolomite bedrock.  The dolomite is the primary aqui-



fer for private wells in the area.  One shallow well is located



near the boundary of the property, but no records of chemical




analyses or water levels were available.  The site was elimin-



ated from further study due to lack of adequate hydrogeologic



information and monitoring facilities.



     Site WI 1-2.  This landfill, located in eastern Wisconsin,



has received both municipal and industrial wastes.  Approxi-




mately 30 barrels per day of waste-water sludge containing



chromium, copper, and lead from an electroplating process were



added to the fill from 1950 until 1975.  The area is underlain



by about 12 m  (40 ft) of glacial silt, sand, and clay over



fractured dolomite bedrock.  Since no monitoring facilities



exist at the site, and little is known about the ground-water



gradient, the site was eliminated from consideration for fur-



ther study.



     Site WI 1-3.  The site is located in east-central Wiscon-



sin, and is a small landfill that accepts predominantly muni-



cipal wastes.  Unknown quantities of glue waste and organic



solvents have been disposed of in one location on the property.



The site is situated in an area formerly excavated for sand and



gravel.  No monitoring wells are present.  The site was not in-



cluded in the original inventory and no background data were




available.  For these reasons no additional investigation of



the site was undertaken.
                                145

-------
              EVALUATION OF MONITORING TECHNIQUES



     As specified in the project contractual Statement of Work,



the investigation was carried out "with two categories of sites




in mind."



     "Category I sites are those with existing monitoring wells.



Work with these sites in the project deals with gathering and



evaluating existing State groundwater monitoring data* obtained,



at industrial waste disposal sites, with supplemental analysis



at existing test wells for those parameters which the States



did not examine.  (*Although the terms 'State groundwater moni-



toring data1 and 'State-monitored sites' are used, any suitable



data that may be available from other governmental entities or



private sources (such as industry)  should also be considered.)



     "Category II sites will be selected from those industrial



waste disposal sites where no suitable groundwater monitoring



wells exist.  The project will involve the development and con-



ducting of a sampling program to identify any groundwater con-



tamination caused by the disposal of hazardous wastes at these



sites."



     The contractor's observations  and conclusions with regard



to monitoring at Category I sites are contained in this section



of the report and are based on information collected during the



study.   As part of the project data base, 727 sites were inven-



toried in 41 states.  Of these, 249 had at least some monitor-




ing wells in place.   Sixty were evaluated during the site-



inspection phase of the study, and 32 of the more representa-



tive ones were subsequently sampled.




                              146

-------
     The following discussion is directed principally toward



the type of monitoring required to determine whether migration



of hazardous substances has occurred, and should not be con-



strued as recommended standard procedure for all situations.



There are many monitoring alternatives available depending on



such factors as data collection objectives, regulatory needs,



and economics.  For example, the monitoring program required to



supply information for litigation is quite different from one



designed to establish whether a liner is effective in sealing



off a landfill from an underlying aquifer.  Regulatory monitor-



ing based on zero discharge to ground water would call for a



monitoring system substantially different in design than one



based on a regulatory philosophy which allows ground-water qual-



ity degradation that is contained within the boundaries of the



disposal site.  Monitoring alternatives and procedures are de-



scribed in detail in a number of EPA documents.



                    Monitoring Objectives



     One of the major reasons for installing monitoring wells



is to provide early detection of adverse changes in ground-



water quality before large-scale contamination problems result.



Ground-water monitoring networks also aid in determining the ef-



fectiveness of ground-water protection measures;  in providing



geohydrologic and chemical information useful in designing fu-



ture disposal sites in comparable environments;  and in develop-




ing information which will help protect disposal site operators




against unjustifiable complaints or help regulatory agencies en-



force anti-pollution laws.





                                147

-------
     Based on the results of this study, however, it was found



that monitoring wells are usually installed simply because ex-



isting regulations require them, with no specific objective in



mind.  This has led to poorly designed, installed, land operated



monitoring facilities.  Most of the systems observed involved




one or more of the following deficiencies:  the number and posi-



tioning of wells;  their design, installation, and 'development;



the method of sampling employed;  the chemical constituents



analyzed;  and the disposition of analytical results.



      Number, Positioning, and Design of Monitoring Wells



     The number and locations of sampling points at a land dis-



posal area should be controlled by the geologic and hydrologic



conditions, and the nature of the waste found at that particu-



lar site.  Accurate information regarding these parameters is



required before even the most rudimentary ground-water monitor-



ing system can be properly installed.  In the simplest cases,



only three sampling points would be required.  These would in-



clude one upgradient well to provide data on background water



quality;  and two wells at different distances downgradient of



the waste material to detect horizontal migration of contami-



nated ground water.



     If more than one aquifer underlies a site, or in cases



where complex geologic or ground-water flow conditions prevail,



a much more elaborate monitoring-well network is required.  At



sites where monitoring of more than one aquifer is desired,



each such unit should be screened by separate wells.  An alter-




nate method commonly employed is to screen the entire saturated
                               148

-------
zone penetrated by a test hole.  However, this type of installa-



tion yields a composite sample derived from all aquifers open




to the well, and may reflect marked dilution of contamination



contained in only one segment of the saturated profile sampled.



     The number of existing wells at the sites investigated




ranged from the extremes of a single, poorly sealed shallow



well, screened just beneath a layer of garbage and industrial



wastes, to an elaborately monitored facility equipped with 22



properly designed and constructed wells finished at various ap-




propriate depths within the underlying earth materials.  The



number of installed wells at the monitored sites studied gener-1



ally ranged from four to eight.  Monitoring networks of four



wells, one at each corner of a site, were commonly observed.



Also common were systems with two or more wells placed parallel



to a nearby stream, between the surface-water body and the dis-



posal area, with another well placed upgradient of the poten-



tial source of contamination.



     At one of the monitored sites studied, a closely-spaced



triangular array of exploratory borings used to determine the



ground-water gradient were finished and retained as monitoring



wells, even though out of position with respect to contaminant



sources.  In this particular instance, the disposal site owner



refused permission to install additional monitoring wells, as




part of this project.  At some sites inspected, monitoring



wells were located too far away from the sources to provide



meaningful data;  at one of these the nearest downgradient well



was over 600 m (2,000 ft)  away from the disposal grounds.  At
                                149

-------
other sites,  one or more of the existing monitoring wells could



not be used for sampling because they were situated within the



waste-filled area.   At such locations, downward leachate migra-



tion might be indicated, providing the monitoring well is ade-



quately sealed through the waste.  However, no quantitative



data regarding lateral migration can be obtained from such



wells.



     Also, to be adequate, monitoring wells must be correctly



positioned in relation to the direction of contaminated ground-



water flow away from the disposal area.  Under natural (un-



pumped conditions)  the water-table shape and slope in any given



area is generally a subdued replica of the land topography.  In



such areas, contamination detection wells should be situated



down the topographic slope from a disposal site, and a back-



ground well positioned upslope far enough away to intercept



ground-water flow from off the site.  On the other hand, if the



cone of influence of a nearby production well extends beneath



the disposal site,  contamination movement may be diverted to-



ward that well, thereby preventing detection in monitoring



wells installed using water-table slope considerations based on



topography alone.  This condition was found at several of the



monitored sites sampled during the project.  For example, at



one site, a monitoring well that was properly positioned from a



predicted natural water-table gradient, based on topography,



did not show any contamination from a nearby seepage lagoon.



Contamination was detected, however, in a production well of a



nearby industry located topographically upgradient.
                                150

-------
     The vertical placement of the monitoring well screen with-



in the aquifer is also critical.  For example, wells screened



near the top of the zone of saturation may not detect contamina-




tion migrating in natural gradient flow paths along the base of



an aquifer.  In contrast, lighter-than-water constituents, such



as hydrocarbons, may move along the top of the zone of satura-



tion, thereby evading detection by monitoring wells screened



only in the bottom portion of an aquifer.  Near pumping centers,




the contamination path may be greatly altered, both horizontal-



ly and vertically, between the source and the intake segment of




the production well.  The well screen may be tapping only the



upper, lower, or some intermediate portion of the aquifer or



flow direction may be affected by lenses of sediments of low




permeability contained in the aquifer.  In such cases, even



when dealing with a single aquifer system, multiple well points



should be installed, each one tapping the aquifer at a differ-



ent depth.  Very little consideration seems to have been given



to factors dealing with vertical placement of monitoring wells



at sites that were reviewed during the project.  Instead, cost



appears to have been the primary factor controlling the place-




ment and design of many existing monitoring wells.



     Site inspections also revealed examples where standard



specifications, rather than individual site characteristics,



were used for determining the construction of monitoring wells.




Critical factors ignored included depth to the water table and



thickness of tills and clays.  Monitoring wells were found to



be screened above the water table and to be completed in forma-
                                151

-------
tions that would not yield enough water for adequate sampling.



     One of the more significant aspects of monitoring well de-



sign is the selection of casing material.  Sometimes casing ma-



terial may contribute constituents to a sample as they are dis-



solved from the inner casing wall.  At one site, elevated con-



concentrations of zinc in water samples from monitoring wells



were traced to new galvanized steel casing used in well con-



struction.  Casing material, whether PVC, steel, fiberglass,



etc. , should be chosen on the basis of the least predicted in-



terference with regard to the potential contaminants of major



concern at the particular site.



     Another important factor in monitoring well design is cas-



ing diameter.  Inside casing diameters between 1-1/4 and 2



inches have been found to be optimum from a convenience of sam-*



pling standpoint, allowing access by either bailer, centrifugal,



or positive action pump.  Where the water table is below suc-



tion limits, however, a 4-inch diameter well is favored because



it allows use of a submersible pump.  At sites inspected during



this project, 1-inch diameter monitoring wells were found.



This small diameter makes the use of any type of sampling equip-



ment very difficult.  At other sites, deep wells had been con-



structed where water was below suction limits, yet the well di-



ameter was too small to install a submersible pump.  In these



cases, long periods were required to dewater the well with a



bailer before a sample could be obtained.



     During the study, poorly designed wells were eliminated



from sampling consideration as much as possible.  For those
                                152

-------
that were sampled, deficiencies were noted on sample submission



sheets or field notes.  All water analyses were later reviewed



taking into account the design characteristics of each well.




                 Monitoring Well Installation




     Hollow-stem augering is the prefered method for drilling



monitoring wells because it is a dry operation, which elimi-




nates adulteration of permeable formations by drilling fluids



and additives.  Core sampling through the hollow stem by Shelby



tube or split-spoon provides an accurate geologic record of the



section penetrated.  The exact depth of each cored interval is



known and the earth materials within the core are recovered in-



tact.  During the study, it was observed that this particular



method of monitoring well installation is now gaining wide-



spread acceptance.  Other less advantageous, though commonly em-



ployed types of well installation methods include mud rotary,



solid-stem auger, jetting, and driving.



     Techniques for surface sealing of monitoring wells ob-



served at disposal sites varied from concrete pads around the



protruding well casings to backfilling with loose earth.  Back-



filling the hole around the casing and sealing at the surface



to prevent surface-water seepage down the outside of the casing



is best accomplished by a bentonite or cement slurry, and less




effectively by dense clay bore-hole cuttings.



     Following installation, and prior to sampling, monitoring




wells should be properly developed, using surging, pumping, or



other appropriate methods, so that clear water is produced



while sampling.  This was the practice for wells installed dur-
                                153

-------
ing this project.  However, the majority of existing wells sam-



pled at disposal sites produced silt-laden water, even after a



period of pumping or bailing, indicating that little or no de-



velopment following installation had been accomplished.  Al-



though an effort was always made to pump or bail each well long



enough to obtain a clear sample, this goal was not always



achieved.  To compensate for this, the samples finally obtained



had to be gravity settled or filtered, depending on the degree



of turbidity, to reduce the amount of suspended sediments be-



fore adding sample preservatives.  Wells installed as part of



the project were fully developed before sampling.



                      Sampling Procedures



     Water samples can be removed from monitoring wells by



using various types of pumps or a bailer.  Vacuum pumps (pitch-



er, centrifugal, peristaltic, and diaphragm pumps)  are limited



to water depths of about 25 feet or less, but can be effective



for shallow wells.  Air-lift pumps are capable of greater lifts



and can be economically installed on each well, although a



source of air must be transported to the well to operate the



pump.  Air lift should not be used where volatile organic com-



pounds are of concern.  Jet, piston, submersible, or turbine



types of pumps are capable of lifting water from greater depths



than the others.  They are, however, relatively expensive, are



not as readily transportable, and require the well casing diam-



eter to be in excess of 3 inches.



     Bailers sized to fit specific casing diameters can be used



for well sampling at any depth, but are slow due to the small .
                                154

-------
volume captured by each bail and the time needed for repeated



trips in and out of the well casing.  If a single bailer is



used to sample a number of different monitoring wells, the




bailer must be properly cleaned after sampling each well to in-



sure that no adulteration of subsequent water samples will oc-



cur.  This precautionary cleansing measure also must be taken




with any type of portable pumping equipment used for sampling.



     Before a water sample is collected from a monitoring well



for chemical analysis, all of the water formerly stored in the



well casing must be withdrawn and discharged to waste.  This



pre-sampling evacuation is necessary because the standing water



removed may have remained essentially stagnant in the casing



since its last sampling period, from weeks to months before.




In order to insure that all stored water has been withdrawn, it



is preferable to remove about three times the actual volume of



water stored in the casing.



     At most of the existing monitoring facilities studied,



bailer sampling was the primary method used by both regulatory



and site-operator personnel.  This is mainly due to the reduced



expense and convenience of bailers.  Observed sampling tech-



niques and practices of site operators, their engineering con-



sultants, and regulatory-agency personnel indicate that routine-



ly sampled monitoring wells rarely are totally dewatered prior



to sampling.  This monitoring deficiency appeared to be attrib-




utable to lack of knowledge concerning the importance of prior



dewatering.  The time and work involved in attempting to dewa-



ter a well with a bailer was the primary reason cited for pre-
                                155

-------
mature sample collection.



     Because many monitoring wells are not developed to yield



samples free of suspended matter, any water samples obtained




from them usually must be filtered or settled prior to addition



of preservatives in the field.  If this is not done, ions ad-  '



sorbed on silt, clay, and organic particles present in the wa-




ter sample may be redissolved by the addition of preservatives. ;



This can result in finding high concentrations of certain con-



stituents during analysis which are not representative of the  ,j



quality of the ground water.  State officials and private con-



sultants at some of the disposal sites inspected and studied   »



commonly added preservatives to turbid samples in the field.



By contrast, the sampling procedure used for the project in-   .!



volved filtering all samples preserved for heavy-metals analy- o



sis through a membrane filter of pore size 0.45 micrometre, pri-r



or to addition of preservative.  Portions of the sample desig-



nated for non-metals analysis were gravity settled or gravity



filtered until a clear filtrate was produced before appropriate-"



preservatives were added.



     Immediate analysis of water samples is the best way to ob-.



tain truly representative quality of the water.  However, since



the laboratory is usually some distance from the well location,



preservation of samples in the field is important to insure



that the quality of the water remains unchanged until it can be




analyzed in the laboratory.  During transit, changes in tempera-



ture and exposure to the atmosphere can affect pH, and volatili-



zation of organics can occur.  Also, oxidation and precipita-  *
                                156

-------
tion of metals, and other reactions can occur,- altering quality



prior to analysis.  Storage at low temperature (4 C) is effec-




tive in preserving samples.  Chemical preservatives should be



chosen with respect to the type of analyses that are to be made.



Preservation of samples by cooling and other accepted methods




appears to be a ^widespread practice among those involved in mon-



itoring.




     The most recent school of thought on the frequency of sam-



pling is that it should be related to ground-water flow veloc-




ity.  Examples of sampling frequencies as compared to flow



rates are:  annual sampling for velocities less than 75 feet



per year;  semi-annual sampling for velocities between 75 and




150 feet per year;  and quarterly sampling for velocities in ex-



cess of 150 feet per year.  Velocity of ground-water flow, of



course, is dependent upon local geohydrologic conditions.



     Another consideration is the general mechanism by which



contamination is introduced to the water table.  Lagoons and



liquid-filled pits present a constant source of contaminated



liquid.  Therefore, the plume of contaminated water would tend




to be continuous, and a sample representative of contaminated



water at the monitoring well location can be obtained at any



time.  On the other hand, solid waste disposal facilities in hu-



mid areas may contribute only periodic .slugs of contamination




to ground water in response to seasonal recharge from precipita-




tion.  Under these conditions, fluctuation of contaminant lev-



els in ground water with time may require scheduling of sam-



pling to correspond with expected occurrences of peak contami-
                                157

-------
nant flows.   This factor rarely is considered in sampling re-



quirements of most state regulatory agencies contacted during



the project.   Instead, a quarterly frequency of sampling by dis-



posal site operators is most commonly required, no matter what



geohydrologic conditions exist at the site and independent of



the type of waste disposal facility being operated.



     Where the operator is responsible for collecting and anal-



yzing water samples, periodic sampling and analysis by state



agencies are commonly carried out to compare results, but these



spot checks rarely are timed to coincide with pro'bable peak-



occurrence periods.  This particular problem of optimum timing



also had to be faced during the project, which was basically de-



signed for a one-time sampling trip to each site studied.  As



the scope of the p'roject entailed confirming only the presence



or probable absence of contamination above background levels,



measuring the highest concentration of contaminants within a



given flow situation was not critical.



     The constituents selected for analysis at hazardous waste



disposal locations should be site specific, taking into account



the chemical composition of wastes disposed of at the facility.



However, regulatory agencies commonly require analysis for only



a limited number of basic constituents (such as iron, chloride,



sulfate, and total dissolved solids) to indicate ground-water




contamination.  The principal reasons given are the high cost




to run analyses for such constituents as heavy metals, cyanide,



phenol, and organic compounds and the lack of fully equipped



and certified state and private laboratories.  In one of the
                                158

-------
most industrialized states in the northeast, for example, only



one private laboratory had been certified by the State health




department to carry out organic chemical analyses.  The State



laboratory itself could only handle samples from public water



supply wells and was not being used for analyzing water samples



from wells used to monitor specific sources of contamination,



such as lagoons and landfills.




     Because of the complex analytical needs of this project,



considerable effort was devoted to evaluate laboratories that



were equipped and competent to test for a comprehensive series




of organic and inorganic constituents.  During the laboratory



selection phase of the project, it was found that there were a



relatively small number of commercial laboratories with com-



plete organic and inorganic analytical capabilities.  It was ob-



served, however, during the course of the project, that a wide



range of laboratory facilities were used by disposal site oper-



ators.  These included in-house facilities at industrial plants,



large commercial laboratories, county health department labora-



tories, and even field testing kits, which at best give only ap-



proximate results.



                      Disposition of Data



     Data generated by ground-water monitoring networks at haz-



ardous waste disposal sites should be gathered and recorded on




a standard form, and filed so that it is readily retrievable.



Variation with time in the concentration of key chemical con-



stituents should be displayed graphically.  Short-term fluctua-



tions which may be indicative of a slug situation, can be deter-
                                159

-------
mined, and long-term trends can be evaluated, again by graphing



the monitoring data.  The information also can be used to cor-



rect monitoring deficiences at a particular site and to aid in



designing monitoring systems at other sites in similar geohy-



drologic environments.  The prevailing practice of some regula-



tory agencies was found to consist of a brief examination of



analyses as they are received for abnormally high concentra-



tions of constituents, and then to file the analyses for future



reference.  Because of the shortage in personnel, there was lit-



tle time provided for an interpretation of the significance of



the results over the long term.  Time was also rarely available



to resolve problems with respect to existing well design, re-



placement of destroyed wells, sampling procedures, and labora-



tory quality control.
                              160

-------
                     CONCLUSIONS

1.  Ground-water contamination at industrial waste land dis-

   posal sites is a common occurrence.

2.  Hazardous substances from industrial waste land dispos-

   al sites are capable of migrating into and with ground

   water.

3.  Few hydrogeologic environments are suitable for land

   disposal of hazardous waste without some risk of ground-

   water contamination.

4.  Continued development of programs for monitoring indus-

   trial waste land disposal sites is necessary to protect

   ground-water quality.

5.  Most old industrial waste disposal sites, both active

   and abandoned, are located in geologic environments

   where ground water is particularly susceptible to con-

   tamination.

6.  Many waste disposal sites are located where the under-

   lying aquifer system can act as a pipeline for discharge

   of hazardous substances to a surface-water body.

7.  At sites presently monitored, the use of wells as an

   aid in evaluating ground-water conditions is generally

   poor, due to inadequacies with respect to one or more

   of the following parameters:

   - number of wells
   - distance of wells from potential contamination source
   - positioning of wells in relation to ground-water flow
   - selection of screened intervals
   - use of proper well construction materials
   - sealing against surface-water contamination, or inter-
          aquifer water exchange
   - completion methods, such as development, maintenance,
          and protection against vandalism

                         161

-------
8.  At sites presently monitored,  the sampling program is

   generally poor due to inadequacies with respect to one

   or more of the following parameters:

   - obtaining a sample representative of aquifer water
   - sample preparation
   - frequency of sampling
   - availability of background water-quality data
   - selection of constituents to be analyzed
   - availability of laboratories
   - maintaining records in usable form
                         162

-------
                           REFERENCES
1.    Scalf, M.  R.,  J.  W.  Keeley, and C. J. LaFevers.   Ground
          water pollution in the South Central States.  EPA-
          R2-73-268.  Washington, U.S. Government Printing
          Office,  Jun 1973.   181 p.   (Distributed by National
          Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.,
          as PB-222 178.)

2.    Miller, D. W., F. A. DeLuca, and T. L. Tessier.   Ground
          water contamination in the Northeast States.
          Washington,  U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974.
          325 p.

3.    van der Leeden, F.,  L.  A. Cerrillo, and D. W. Miller
           [Geraghty and Miller, Inc.],  Ground water pollution
          problems in the northwestern United States.  U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency, May 1975.   378 p.
           (Distributed by National Technical Information
          Service,  Springfield, Va., as PB-242 860.)

4.    Meyer, C.  F.,  ed.  Polluted ground water; some causes,
          effects,  controls, and monitoring.  EPA-600/4-73-
          OOlb.  Washington, U.S. Environmental Protection
          Agency,  July 1973.  1 v. (various pagins).   (Distributed
          by National Technical Information Service,  Springfield,
          Va.,  as PB-232 117.)

5.    Miller, J. C., P. S. Hackenberry, and F. A. Deluca
           [Geraghty & Miller, Inc.],  Ground water pollution
          problems in the Southeastern United States.  Ada,
          Okla., U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,
          Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Jan.
          1977.  379 p.

6.    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
          Supply and Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
          Report to Congress; waste disposal practices and
          their effects on ground water.  Washington, U.S.
          Government Printing Office.  1977.  531 p.

7.    Personal Communication.  R. Malcolm, U.S. Geological
          Survey,  Denver, Colorado, to O. C. Braids,  Geraghtv
          & Miller, Inc., May 10, 1976.

8.    Environmental Research Center, Environmental Monitoring
          and Support Laboratory.  Methods for chemical
          analysis of water and wastes.  Cincinnati,  U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Technology
          Transfer, 1974.  315 p.

                              163

-------
9.    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Water
          Supply.   National interim primary drinking water
          regulations.   Washington, U.S.  Government Printing
          Office,  1977.  159 p.                   ;

10.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of Water
          Supply.   National secondary drinking water regulations;
          proposed regulations.   Federal Register, 42 (62) ;17143-
          17147,  March 31,  1977.

11.  Gross, M.  G.   Geologic aspects of waste solids and
          marine  waste deposits,  New York metropolitan
          region.   Geological Society of America Bulletin,
          83(11) :3163-3176

12.  Safe Drinking Water Committee.  Summary report;
          drinking water and health.  Washington, National
          Academy of Sciencies,  National Research Council,
          1977.   98 p.

13.  Crouch, R.  L. , R.  D. Eckert, and D.  D. RuggfGeneral
          Electric Company-TEMPO].   Monitoring ground water
          quality:  economic framework and principles.   U.S.
          Environmental Protecion Agency, Sept. 1976.  107 p.
          (Distributed by National Technical Information
          Service, Springfield, .Va., as PB-260 919.)

14.  Everett,  L.  G., et al.  [General Electric Company-
          TEMPO].   Monitoring ground water quality:  methods
          and costs.  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency,
          May 1976.  152 p.  (Distributed by National Technical
          Information Service,  Springfield, Va., as PB-257
          133.)

15.  Hampton,  N.  F.  [General Electric Company-TEMPO].
          Monitoring ground water quality:   data management.
          U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, April 1976.
          72 p.    (Distributed by National Technical Information
          Service, Springfield,  Va., as PB-255 492.)

16.  Tinlin, R. M., ed.  [General Electric Company-TEMPO].
          Monitoring ground water quality:   illustrative
          examples.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
          July 1976.  92 p.  (Distributed by National Tech-
          nical  Information Service, Springfield, Va.,  as
          PB-257  936.)

17.  Wehran Engineering Corporation, and Geraghty and Miller,
          Inc.   Procedures  manual for monitorig solid waste
          disposal sites.  Washington, U.S. Environmental
          Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste Management
          Programs, 1976.  301 p.
                                                               *

                                164

-------
18.   Todd, D.  K.,  et al.   [General Electric Company-TEMPO].
          Monitoring ground water auality:  monitoring
          methodology.   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
          June 1976.  169 p.  (Distributed by National
          Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.,
          as PB-256 068.)
                              165

-------
                       ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     Alabama.   State Water Improvement Commission.

     California.   Regional Water Quality Control Boards.

     Connecticut.   Department of Environmental Protection.

     Illinois.   Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

     Indiana.   State Board of Health, Division of Water Pollu-
tion Control,  Division of Sanitary Engineering, Solid Waste Man-
agement Section.

     Massachusetts.   Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Quality Engineering, EPA Region I.

     Michigan.   Department of Natural Resources, Solid Waste
Management Bureau, Bureau of Water Management, Geological  Sur-
vey Division.

     Mississippi.   State Board of Health, Geological Survey.

     New Hampshire.   Department of Health and Welfare, Solid
Waste Management Office.

     New Jersey.   Department of Environmental Protection.

     New York.   Department of Environmental Conservation,  Divi-
sion of Solid Waste Management.

     Pennsylvania.  Department of Environmental Resources,  Divi-
sion of Solid Waste Management.

     South Carolina.  Department of Health and Environmental
Control.

     Wisconsin.  Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Environmental Standards, Solid Waste Management Section.

     U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.  C.
Project Officers:   David Huber, Emery Lazar, Hugh Kaufman,
Alice Giles, Eugene Grumpier.

     Penn Environmental Consultants, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Richard Mazinski.

     Geraghty & Miller, Inc., Port Washington, New York.   David
W. Miller, Olin C. Braids, William H. Walker, William Bois,
Paul H. Roux, Michael R. Warfel, Michael J. McEachern.

                              166

-------
                          APPENDIX A

                    COMPUTER PRINTOUT KEY

Values listed as  <1.000 are less than an unspecified detection
     limit.

Values listed as  <(less than)  some number other than 1.000 are
     less than a detection limit equal to the absolute value of
     that number.

Values listed as present, but  <0.001 under ORGANICS RESULTS
     are detectable, but non-quantifiable.

Values listed with zero or zeros equal to the number of signifi-
     cant digits in the analysis being reported, are missing
     data points.

Values listed as positive whole or decimal numbers are quanti-
     ties detected in samples.

Values of 50 within EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS indicate that
     constituent listed as "major" in the original analysis.

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CELSIUS

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE, MICROMHOS/CM

DISSOLVED OXYGEN, MG/L

G4 GROUP = Fluoride, total cyanide, phenols, mercury, arsenic,
           hexavalent chromium, and selenium.

G5 GROUP = Sulfate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate,
           potassium, and sodium.

ORGANICS GROUP = PCB's:  PCB's and related electronegative
                         (halogenated) compounds.

                 Pesticides:  Pesticides  (halogenated types)

                 Volatiles:  Volatile organic compounds
                              A-l

-------
              ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   CONNKCT1CUT S-l, CT
SAMPLE NO,
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 4 BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/28/76
13:00
15,0
6.6
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/5/76

14.0
6,8
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/5/76

14.0
6,1
 5333
 2552
31724
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
KERYLLIUM
BISMUTH.
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPER
LEAD
,500
,001
50,000
,100
10,000
,030
2,000
3,000
15,000
,500
<1,000
<1,000.
<1,000
<1,000
.050
<1 ,000
,002
<.ooi
,002
<,001
.100
,050
50,000
,500
3,000
,100
5,000
1,000
8,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
               ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-l, CT
SAMPLE NO.   WELL  1
WELL 2
WELL 4 BKG
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES  REPORTED
                         PERCENT  (CONT,)
                         IN WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRC'oNlllM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
.001
,003
<1.000
,002
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   CONNECTICUT S-l,  CT
SAMPLE NO.    WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 4 BKG
               G4  AND G5  GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHROMIUM + t)
SELENJljM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MACJNESJUM
CHLORIDE'
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
1,2000
<»Q050
,0100
<,0005
<,0300
<.Q100
,0200
15,000
350,000
150,000
3,000
,240
70,000
350,000
,2200
,0050
,0200
<,Q005
,0400
<,0100
»ObOO

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   CONNECTICUT S-l, CT




                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<.ooi
PESTICIDES

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM


                   CONNECTICUT fi.J, CT





                    SAMPLE WELL 2
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS* MG/L
PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,ooi
PESTICIDES

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM



                   CONNECTICUT S-l, CT
                         E WKLL 4 BKG
               OHGANJCS GROUP RESULTS* MG/L
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,ooi
PESTICIDES
<.ooi
VULATILES

MGHT VOLAT!IJES:<1
                          REMARKS
H2S ODOR




SAMPLE CLEAR





BACKGROUND WELL





TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  17 FT





DISTANCE m)M DISPOSAL AREA;  1500 FT
                        A-7

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    CONNECTICUT S-2,  CT
NO,   WELL 1
DISPOSAL
* TYPE-
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                470
                          WELL 2
                       WELL  3
            650
            540
                       WELL 4
LAGOON
GROUND
9/14/76
I3:oo
16,0
6,9
LAGOON
GROUND
9/14/76
15:00
21,6
7,2
LAGOON
GROUND
9/14/76
16:30
22,6
6,9
LAGOON
GROUND
9/14/76
I7:oo
19,2
7,0
                                           1200
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF' OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
 ALUMINUM
 HAH HIM
 CALCIUM
 IRON
 MAGNESIUM

 MANGANESE
 POTASSIUM
 SILICA
 SODIUM
 STRONTIUM

 ANTIMONY
 ARSENIC
 BERYLLIUM
 BISMUTH
 BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPER
LEAD
 1,000
  ,010
50,000
10,000
 2,000

 1,000
  ,100
10,000
 2,000
  ,020

<1,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSTS OF WATER SAMPLES  FKOM

                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT
SAMPLE NO.
             WELL  1
WELL 2
WELL 3
WELL 4
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS UP OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT.)
MOLYHDENIIM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZJNC
ZIRC()NJUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT
SAMPLE NO,    WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
WELL 4
               G4  AND G5  GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHROMIUM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,2000
<,0050
1,3000
,0006
<,0300
<,0100
,2000
<1,000
36,000
6,400
19,000
1,600
6,300
23,000
,J400
<,0050
1,1000
.0006
<,0300
<,0100
,3500
<1,000
56,000
8,700
36,000
5,100
9,800
90,000
.1100
<,0050
,2400
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000
17,000
,000
.000
21,000
,010
,000
,000
,0700
,0200
1.4000
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
2,500
72,000
20,000
38,000
,020
49,000
92,000
                        A-10

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT



                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PESTICIDE^
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:<,01,LIGHT VOLATILES:APPRX 80
                          REMARKS


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  15 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  150 FT
                        A-ll

-------
              ANALYSIS UP  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM


                   CONNECT ICUT S-2,  CT




                    SAMPLE WF.LL  2
PCUS
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
                COMPOUNDS PRKSENT <,001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATILE^
HEAVY OHGANICSt 
-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT




                    SAMPLE WELL 3
               OKGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PESTICIDES
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT 
-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT



                    SAMPLE WELL 4
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PESTICIDES
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY ORGANICS»
-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    CONNECTICUT S-2,  CT
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  5       LAGOON
 DISPOSAL
  TYPE         LAGOON       LAGOON
 WATER  TYPE    GROUND       SURFACE
 DATE SAMPLED  4/15/76      9/15/76
 TIME             14:00        11:00
 TEMPHRATMRE      16,4         20,0
 PH                6,5          7,4
 SPECIFIC
  CONDUCTANCE    850          340
 DISSOLVED
  OXYGEN

  EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY  RESULTS OF  OXIDES  REPORTED IN  WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM         2,000         ,010
BARIUM            ,050         ,010
CALCIUM        50,000       50,000
IRON           15,000       10,000
MAGNfSJLJM        «,000        5,000

MANGANESE        5,000         ,100
POTASSIUM         ,100         ,100
SILICA         10,000        2,000
SODIUM           5,000        3,000
STRONTIUM         ,500         ,005

ANTIMONY       
-------
              ANALYSIS OE WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 5
LAGOON
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
          RESULTS OE OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
            PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,000
,OOJ
,001
,OOJ
,100
< 1,000
<1,000
,003
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
,00b
,001
<,001
,002
<1,000
<1«OQO
.001
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
             QUANTITATIVE  METALS RESULTS,  MG/L
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPER
IRON, TOTAL
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
,00
< ,01
,06
29,00
8,bO
.01
,00
,00
.10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
< ,01
.04
2,40
.31
5,00
,00
,00
.10
,00
,00
,00
.00
,00
                        A-16

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-2, CT
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 5
         LAGOON
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROMIUMtb
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  .1200
 <,0050
  .6000
  ,0005
 <,0300

 <,01QO
  .4)00
<1,000
'J2.000
22,000

40,000
 1,500
10,000
24,000
  .2600
 <,0050
  ,2600
 <.0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
  ,0600
<1.000
92.000
 4,500

40,000
 1,500
 2,800
32,000
                        A-17

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S«2, CT



                    SAMPLE WF.LL  5
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,OOJ
PESTICIDES
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY UHGANICS: <,01,LIGHT VOLATILESt APPX 100
                          REMARKS


SAMPLE TUHHII)


TOTAL WELL DK.PTM}  20 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  20 FT
                        A-18

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FKOM

                   CONNECTICUT S»2, CT




                    SAMPLE LAGOON
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L


PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PESTICIDES

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES PROM

                    CONNECTICUT S-3,  CT
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  1
           WELL  3  BKG
 DISPOSAL
  TYPE         LANDFILL
 WATER  TYPE    GROUND
 DATE SAMPLED  10/27/76
 TIME
 TEMPERATURE
 PM
 SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
 DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
  11:00
  10,1
  6,7

912
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/27/76
   15:00
   11,0
    5,8

  117
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPER
LEAD
  ,500
  ,005
50,000
  ,150
10,000

  ,030
 <,100
 5,000
 1,000
  ,100

<1,000
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-3, CT
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 1
WELL 3 HKG
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM ,
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS (.){•' WATER SAMPLES  FROM




                   CONNECTICUT S-3, CT
SAMPLE NO,
WELL 1
WELL 3 HKG
               G4 AND G5 GROUP HESULTS* MG/L
KLIM)|
-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   CONNECTICUT S-3, CT






                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS/ MG/L
PCHS
PESTICIDES
<.ooi
VOLATILES

HEAVY ORGANICS{
-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   CONNECTICUT S-3,  CT




                    SAMPLE WELL  3  BKG
               OHCJANI.CS GHOUP  RESULTS,  MC/L
PChS
<,ooi
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATJLES
HEAVY OKGANICS:<,01,LIGHT VOLATILESJ<1
                          REMARKS
SAMPLE (UIITE CLEAR
MACKGROUNU WELL
TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  12 FT
DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  750 FT
                        A-24

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   FLORIDA S-l    , PL
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WKLL 2
WELL 3
SOIL 2
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPfc:
DATE SAMPLED
TIME

LAGOON
GHOUNO
9/21/76
12; 00

LAGOON
GROUND
9/21/76


LAGOON
GHOUND
9/21/76
16:30

LAGOON
SOIL
9/21/76

TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
AHSF.NIC
HERYLHUM
hISMIJTII
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COUALT
COPPER
LEAD
t200
,005
25,000
,010
1 ,500
,020
<,100
50,000
2,000
,500
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1»000
,003
<1,000
,003
<,001
,010
,001
4,000
< 1,000
50,000
.300
5,000
,050
,000
20,000
1,000
2,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,003
<1,000
.002
<1,000
,005
<,001
3,000
<1,000
50,000
,500
5,000
,050
,000
10,000
,250
2,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,001
<1,000
<,001
<1,000
,001
<,001
1 ,000
<1,000
1,000
,050
,050
.020,
,000
50,000
<,100
.020
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,003
<1,000
.003
<1,000
.005
,002
                        A-25

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    FLORIDA S-l     ,  FL
SAMPLE NO,   WELL  1
WELL 2
WELL 3
SOIL 2
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
iCTKOSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT
,10
.!«
,00
,00
,00
.00
,00
,00
.00
,00
,00
(CONT.)
Xl.OOO
<1,000
<,001
<1,000
<.ooi
<1,000
<,001

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    KLORIDA S-.1    f KL
 SAMPLE:  NO,    WELL i
WELL 2
WELL 3
SOIL 2
 KLUORIDE
 CYAN I UK
 PHENOLS
 MERCURY
 ARSENIC

 CHROMIIJM + 6
'SELENIUM
 SULKATE
 CALCIUM
 MAGNESIUM

 CHLORIDE
 PHOSPHATE
 POTASSIUM
 SODIUM
G4 AND GS
,1900
.0000
.0000
,0000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM



                   FLORIDA s»i     , FL







                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L






PChS









PESTICIDES









VOLATILES











                          HKMARKS






SITE ACCKPTtJl) ACID SLUDGE & WASTK CLAY FROM OIL REFINING






TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  HO FT






DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                        A-28

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  FROM


                   FLORIDA S»l     , FL





                    SAMPLE WELL 2
               OKGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L



PCUS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,OOI,NOT PEST.OR PCB
PESTICIDES
<.ooi
VOLATILES

HEAVY ORGANICS; <,01, LIGHT VOLATILESj <1
                          REMARKS




SITE ACCEPTED ACID SLUDGE & WASTE CLAY FROM OIL REFINING




TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  b5 FT




DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA!  50 FT
                        A-29

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    FLORIDA S-t     ,  FL



                    SAMPLE WELL  3
               ORGANJCS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <„001,NOT  PEST,  OR  PCB
<,001
I1KAVY OHGANICS:2 Pt,AKS AT ,01, LT, VOL| APX  1,8  VOLATILB  ORGAN!
C(SOLVF.NT)
                          KKMARKS


HITE ACCKPTtl) ACIO SLUDGf! & WASTE CLAY FROM OIL REFINING


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  30 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA!  50 FT
                        A-30

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   FLORIDA S-l     , FL
               UKGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECNEG.COMPOUNDS PRESENT APX ,005,NOT PESTiClDE OR PCB
<.00l
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:APX JOO MCl/L
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED ACID SLUDGE & WASTE CLAY FROM OIL REFINING


DEPTH 18,5-20 FEET


INTERFERENCE UN AS 6 SF ANALYSES, MOISTURE 17%


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                        A-31

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    FLORIDA  S-i     ,  PL
SAMPLE NO,   SOIL  1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LAGOON
WATEH TYPE   SOIL
DATE SAMPLED 9/21/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PM
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPE RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM        1,000
MAR HIM         <1,000
CALCIUM         1,000
[RON              ,050
MAGNESIUM         ,080

MANGANESE         ,050
POTASSIUM         ,000
SILICA         50,000
SODIUM          <,100
STRONTIUM         ,020

ANTIMONY       <1,000
ARSENIC        <1,000
BERYLLIUM      <1,000
HISMUTH        <1,000
BORON             ,004

CADMIUM        
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FHHM

                   FLORIDA S-l    , EL
SAMPLE NO.
SOIL t
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 .000
<1,OOQ

-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATKH  SAMPLES FROM

                    FLUNK) A  S-l     ,  KL
       NU.   SOIL
               G4 AND G5 GHOUP RESULTS,  MG/L
CYANIUt
PHtNOLS
Mfc:HCUHY
AHSKNIC

CHHUMlUMffo
SKLKNIIJM
SUtKATf
CALCIUM
MAGNKSIUM

CHLOHIDK
PHOSPHATK
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,0000
<5,0000
 <,bOOO
 <,1000
  ,0000

  ,0000
  ,0000
  ,000
  ,000
  ,000

  ,000
  ,000
  ,000
  ,000
                        A-34

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   FLORIDA S-J     ,  FL
                           SOIL  1
               ORGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L


PCHS
ELECNE(J,COMPOUNDS PRESENT APX ,005, NOT PESTlCiDE OR PCB


PESTICIDES
VOLATILES
HVY.ORGfAPX 5800, 2 OTHER PEAKS APX 0,3 TO UO FOR EACH PEAK
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED ACID SLUDGE & WASTE CLAY FROM OIL REFINING


DEPTH B.b-10 FEET


INTERFERENCE ON AS s. SE ANALYSES, MOISTURE 16%


TOTAL yELL DEPTHJ  NOT APPLICABLE


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                        A-35

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM
                    ILLINOIS S-l    , IL
        NO.   WELL 1
           WELL 2
              WELL 3 BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDFILL
WATER TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 12/14/76
TIME            14S40
TEMPERATURE
PI!               7.0
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   700
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
  EMTSSI ON SPECTROSCOPY
 ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IHON
MAGNESIUM
 MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
 ANTIMONY
AHSEN1C
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
MORON
 CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
   .150
  ,050
50,000
  .020
15.000
   .003
  ,250
 2.000
 3,000
  ,750
 <1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
  .020
 <1,000
  ,003
<1,000
  ,003
  ,002
          LANDFILL
          GROUND
          12/14/76
             lb: JO
           2700
RESULTS OF
 PERCENT

      ,003
     ,050
   50,000
     ,150
   15.000
      ,100
     ,100
    2.000
    5,000
    1.000
    <1.000
   <1,000
   <1,000
   <1,000
     ,020
    
-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-l    ,  IL
SAMPLF. NO.   WELL 1
 EMISSION
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GF.MMAN.IUM
TELLURIUM
WELL 2
WELL 3BKG
CTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CUNT.)
<1«000
,001
,001
<1,000
,00b
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,002
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,003
,001
<1 ,000
. .001
<1 ,000

-------
              MWALYS1S OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-l   , IL
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
        WELL 2
          WELL 3 BKG
               G4 AND G5 GKUUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHRUM1UM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
 ,1400
<,0050
 ,ObOO
<,0005
<,OJOO

<,0100
<,0100
 ,000
 ,000
 ,000

 ,000
 ,000
 ,000
 ,000
   ,2500
  <.OObO
   ,1200
  <,0005
  <,0300

  <,0100
  <,0100
 20,000
510,000
200,000

  5,000
   ,020
 15,000
110,000
   ,2600
  <,0050
   ,0200
  <.0005
  <,0300

  <,0100
  <,0100
 45,000
150,000
 66,000

 12,000
   ,050
  1,500
  4,000
                        A-38

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATEK  SAMPLES KROM

                    ILLINOIS  S-l    ,  Hi



                     SAMPLE WELL  J
               OKGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    ILLINOIS  S-l    ,  IL




                    SAMPLE WELL  2
               URGANJCS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
PESTICIDES
<,OQ1
VOI.ATILES
HEAVY ORCANICvS: 
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATKH SAMPLES FROM

                           S S-l   /  IL
                     SAMPLE  WELL 3
                OKGANICS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC MS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.OOJ
VOLATlLtS
          MK:K:<,OI ,!,,K;HT  VDLATILES:
-------
              ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   ILLINOIS S-2   , IL



SAMPLE NO,   WEST WELL   NORTH WELL  EAST WELL
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/3/76
11:35
10,2
7.0
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/3/76
12tOfi
8b.O
7,1
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/3/76
10J30
96,0
7,3
1900
1300
850
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OP OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
.002
,001
50,000
,003
20,000
,030
,100
,500
5,000
,500
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
,002

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-2   ,  IL



SAMPLE NUf   WEST WELL   NORTH WELL   EAST WELL
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1.000
.005
.001
<,001
<.ooi

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FKOM
                   ILLINOIS S-2   , IL


SAMPLE NO,   WEST WELL   NORTH WELL *EAST WELL
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHROMIUM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,3200
<,0050
,0500
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
950,000
320,000
310,000
20,000
t040
5,300
39,000
                              ,0000
                              ,0000
                              ,0000
                              ,0000
                              ,0000

                              ,0000
                              ,0000
                              ,000
                              ,000
                              ,000

                              ,000
                              ,000
                              ,000
                              ,000
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000

,0000
,0000
,000
,000
.000

,000
,000
,000
,000
                        A-44

-------
               ANALYSIS  Of  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    ILLINOIS  S-2   ,  II,



                     SAMPLE WEST WfcILL
               ORGANJCS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCHS
         •GATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,001
PKST1CIDKS
<.OOJ
VOLATILI-JS
HKAVY HRGANICS: <,01,  LIGHT  VOLATILKS:
                           RKMARKS


SITK ACCKPTKI) (H L, SULVKNTS, INKS, PAINT  SLUDGE,*, METALLIC LIOU
ID WASTE

MONITOR WELL WKST


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  30 KT


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AREAS   15 KT
                         A-45

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                    ILLINOIS S*2    ,  H,



                    SAMPLE NORTH WELL
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
pens
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <.001
PESTICIDES
<.ooi
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,OJ, LIGHT VOLATlLES? 
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-2   , IL



                    SAMPLE EAST WELL
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCUS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,0(U
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICSI <»01, LIGHT VOLATILES? <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED OIL,SOLVENTS,INKS,PAINT SLUDGES,* METALLIC LIQ
DID WASTE

MONITOR WELL EAST ,  BACKGROUND


TOTAL WELL DEPTH?  32 FT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:   1200 FT

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES KROM

                    ILLINOIS  S<-3    ,  It
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 7 BKG  WELL  2
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLE!)
TIME
TEMPKHATURE
Pll
SPEC IKJC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/7/76
14 : 4b
86,0
7,0
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/7/76
1H45
10,3
7,0
yoo
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
1700
        RESULTS OK OXIDES
          PERCENT
               REPORTED IN WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
S I H C A
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BEHYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
1 ,000
,100
50,000
,100
15,000
,bOO
,100
10,000
1 ,000
,100
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,003

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-3   , IL
SAMPLE NO,   WE'LL 7 BKG  WELL 2
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,002
,001
,001
,003
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<) .000
<«ooi
,002
,001
<,001
',003
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1,000
             QUANTITATIVE METALS RESULTS, MG/L
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
                 .00
i 00
CUP PEN
IRON, TOTAL
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TJN
VANADIUM
< ,01
<,01
5,40
.00
.00
,00
.10
,00
< ,01
,00
,00
,00
.01
,01
,60
<,03
,00
,00
,20
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
                         A-49

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    ILLINOIS S-3    ,  1L
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 7BKG   WELL 2
               G4 AND Gb GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROMIUM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
     ,3bOO
    
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                    ILLINOIS \S-3   , IL




                     SAMPLE WELL 7 BKG
                ORGAN.ICS GROUP KKSULTS, MG/L
               b:  COMPOUNDS PKKSENT <,001
<.001
VOI,ATI|,KS
HK:AVY ORGANICS:  <,oi,  LIGHT VOLATILK.SI
SITK ACCtPTKD  1NDUSTHIAI, OILS & SLUDGES WITH HEAVY  METALS



MONITOR WKLL 7, BACKGROUND



TOTAL KEI-L DEPTH:   1 to  H'T



DISTANCE KHOM  DISPOSAL AREA:    1200 ET
                         A-51

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATKR SAMPLES FROM

                    ILLINOIS  S-3   ,  IL




                     SAMPLE WK.LL 2
               ORGAN ICS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC IKS
          ATlVK COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,001
PKST1CJDK-5
<,OOJ
VOLATtLKS
DK.AVY ORGANICS: <.01, LKJMT  VOLAT5LKS
                           REMARKS



SJTK. ACCKPTKD INDUSTRIAL 0.11/S  &  SLUDGKS WITH HEAVY MFTALS



MONITOR WKLL 2



TOTAL WKLL DKPTH;  lb KT



DISTANCK KROM DISPOSAL ARKA:   300  KT
                         A-52

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   ILLINOIS S-4   , IL
SAMPLE NO,
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPK
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
TAP BKG
WELL P-4
WELL P-6
LANDKILL
GHOUND
12/6/76
13:30
fib, 0
7.1
LANDKILL
G HO IJND
12/6/76
11:30
86,0
7.2
LANDFILL
GHOUND
12/6/76
12555
86.0
7.2
  700
  550
  600
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HAHIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
HI SMUT M
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
C OH ALT
COPPER
LEAD
,003
,001
50,000
,003
10.000
.002
<»ioo
2,000
,250
,100
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
.003
<1 .000
,001
<,001
,001

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLF.S  FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-4    ,  IL
SAMPLE NO.
TAP BKG
WELL P-4
WELL P-b
 EMISSION SPECTKOSCUPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,001
,00)
,003
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,002
,001
<»ooi
,003
<1 ,000
< 1,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<,001
,002
,002
,002
<1,000

-------
ANALYSIS OK WATfcK SAMPLES FROM

     ILLINOIS S-4   , IL
SAMPLE NO.   TAP BKG
           WKLL P-4    WELL P*6
 G4  AND G5 GHUUP KKSULTS, MG/L
KLIIUHIDE
CYANIDK
PHKNOLS
  ,1300
                               ,1800
AKSKNTC

CIIHOMlUMtb
SULKATh;
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
PIIOSPIIATK
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  .1100
 <,ooob
 <,OJOO

 <,0100
 <,0100
30,000
95,000
b 1,000

 8,200
  .030
 1.400
 5,000
                               ,0400
                             <,ooos
                             <,0300

                             <,OtOO
                             <,0100
                            40,000
                            67,000
                            42,000

                             b,100
                               ,020
                             1,500
                             3,400
                            ,2000
                           <,0050
                            ,0600
                           <,ooos
                           <,0300

                           <,0100
                           <,0100
                          35,000
                          BO, 000
                          48,000

                          20,000
                            ,040
                            ,690
                           4,100
         A-55

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEH  SAMPLES  FROM

                    ILLINOIS S-4    ,  IL



                    SAMPLE TAP BKG
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001.
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILES; <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED J'AINT SLUDGE,SOLVENTS, LIQUID METAL PLATING
WASTE

TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN


DISTANCE HUJM DISPOSAL AHEA:  500 ET


BACKGROUND WELL
                        A-56

-------
               ANALYSIS UK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    ILLINOIS S-4    ,  IL



                    SAMPLE WELL  P-4
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L

PCHS
              E COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001


PESTICIDES
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORCANICS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILESj 
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   ILLINOIS S-4    ,  TL



                    SAMPLE WELL.  P-6
               ORGANICS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <.OQ1
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGAN1CS: <,01, LIGHT  VOLATILES: <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED PAINT SLUDGE,SOLVENTS, LIQUID METAL PLATING
WASTE

MONITOR WELL P»6


TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  35 KT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA?  700 KT
                        A-58

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-5   , IL
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 3
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
          WELL 4
          WELL 5 BKG
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/2/76
1 3:40
96,0
7,1
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/2/76
14H5
^6,0
7,1
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/2/76
12:55
86,0
7.3
500
470
BOO
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIIIM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
UERYLLIUM
MISMUTH
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPER
LEAD
1,000
,001
50,000
,100
10,000
,030
3,000
2,000
20,000
,100
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
ANALYSIS OE WATEH SAMPLES FROM

     ILLINOIS S-5   ,  IL
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 3
           WELL 4
                                    WELL 5
                              BKG
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OE OXIDES REPORTED
                        PERCENT (CONT,)
                                    IN WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELi.URjUM
<1 ,000
,003
.002
<»001
,005
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
f 010
,003
,001
,003
,001
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   ILLINOIS S-5   , IL
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 3
         WELL 4
        WELL 5 BKG
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS* MG/L
KLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROMIUM-fb
SELENIUM
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,3700
  ,0070
  ,1000
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
45.000
54,000
15,000

38,000
  ,050
 4,800
41,000
 ,7500
 ,0000
 ,0000
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
 ,000
 ,000
 ,000

 .000
 ,000
 ,000
 ,000
1,1000
 ,0000
 ,0000
<,0005
<,0300

<,0100
<,0100
 ,000
 ,000
 .000

 .000
 .000
 .000
 ,000
                         A-61

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES EROM

                    ILLINOIS S-S   ,  IL




                     SAMPLE WELL 3
               ORGAN1CS  GROUP  RESULTS, MG/L


pens
              E COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,OOJ
PKSTIC1DKS
<.001
VULATILES
HEAVY OKGANICS: <,C1, LIGHT  VOI.ATILES;  <1
                           KEMAKKS



SITE ACCHP.TKD INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC &  HKAVY  METAL SLUDGES



MONITOR WELL 3



TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  b2 KT



DISTANCE h'RyM DJSP()SAL AREA:  bOO ET
                        A-62

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK WATK.H SAMPI.KS KKOM

                     ILMNOTS'S-b    ,  IL
                              FU- 4
                OP-CANICS  UKOUP KHSULTS,  MG/I,
PC'HS
Kl.KCTHONtr.AT] VK COMPOUNDS HMKSKNT 
-------
               ANALYSIS ()(•' WATER SAMPLES KHdM

                    ILLINOIS S-5   , II.



                     SAMPLE WKLL S BKG
               ORGAN1CS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCI US
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT <,001
<.OQ1
VOLATlLt.:S
HKAVY UHGANIC'S: <, 01 ,  LIGHT  VOLAT1LES;  <1
                           HKMAKKS


S1TK' ACCKFThJl)  INDUSTRIAL  ORGANIC  & HEAVY METAL SLUDGES



MONITOR WKLL 5, BACKGROUND


TOTAL WELL DEPTHJ  b2  FT


DISTANCE FROM  DISPOSAL  AREA:   2000 KT
                         A-64

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   ILLINOIS S-b   , IL
SAMPLE N0f   WELL 2 A
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDKJLL
WATEH TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 3/4/77
TIME            tUOO
TEMPERATURE     14,4
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE  7250
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNKSIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COhALT
COPPER
LEAD
,005
,003
50,000
.100
2,000
.0.10
.100
2,000
10,000
,250
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,100
<1 ,000
,001
<1 ,000
,002
,002
                        A-65

-------
               ANALYSIS OE WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    ILLINOIS S-6   ,  IL
NO,
             WELL  2 A
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCUPY  HESULTS OF OXIDES FEPOHTED IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,000
,002
<1 ,000
,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OP  WATEK  SAMPLES  KROM




                   ILLINOIS S-b    ,  IL
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 2A
               (J4 AND C5 CHUUP RESULTS,  MG/L
FLUOK1DE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEKCUKY
AHSENIC
CIIHOMIIIM + 0
SELENIUM
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MACNKSIUM
CIILOHIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,3900
<,00!>0
,0300
<,0005
<.0300
<,0100
,0200
2^,000
H'JO.OOO
1BO.OOO
4156,000
1.300
H8.000
H30.000
                       A-67

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEH  SAMPLES  FROM

                   ILLINOIS S-b    ,  IL



                    SAMPLE WELL  2A
               OKGANICS GHOUP KESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PKKSHNT <,001
<.001
VOLAT1LKS
HKAVY ORGANICS:<,01,LIGHT VOLAT LLKSK , 1
                          HKMAHKS
SITK ACCfc:pTt:i> SOLVENTS (PHENOLS) & WASTES FKOM PLASTICS  MANU
PACTUHK

VON I TOR WELL 2A
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  U FT


DISTANCE FHOM DISPOSAL AHEA:  90 FT
                        A-68

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                    INDIANA S-V     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO.   SIIRK.DSCHG  WKLL  1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATK SAMPLED
TIMK
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                       WELL 2 BKG  WFLL  3
LAGOON
SURFACE
11/12/76
15:30
14.0
7,0
LAGOON
GROUND
11/12/76
12:15
12,5
7.1
LAGOON
GROUND
11/12/76
11:45
86,0
7.0
LAGOON
GROUND
11/12/76
14:55
14.0
6,9
1050
600
t>60
1000
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
.350
,001
50,000
.100
5,000
,030
,250
2,000
10,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.005
<1 ,000
,005
,003
.010
,002
,003
,005
50,000
,030
H,000
,002
<,100
1,000
,150
H,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000
,001
<,001
,002
,001
.002
.010
50,000
,030
10.000
.003
<,100
1,000
.200
H.OOO
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1.000
<1 ,000
.005
<1 ,000
,001
<,001
,003
,001
,005
,010
50,000
,100
8,000
,003
<,100
1,000
2,000
3,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,020
<1 ,000
,003
,002
,002
,002
                        A-69

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-l     , IN
SAMPLE  NO,    SUKI^DSCHG   WELL 1
 KM I SSI UN
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
T I N
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
WELL 2 BKG  WELL 3
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IKON, TUTAI,

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
HARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
•.X'TROSCOPY

<1



-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   INDIANA S-l    f  IN
SAMPLE NO,   SURE .DSCHG  WELL 1
WELL 2 WKG  WELL 3
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS* MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CIIKUMIUM + b
SELENIUM
SULFA'l'E
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
1.2000
<.OObO
12,0000
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
.0200
110.000
100,000
22,000
28b,000
,5t>0
7,700
120,000
1,7000
,OOBO
,1200
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
50,000
HO, 000
50,000
21 ,000
.070
,7HO
9.800
1,7000
,0040
,0500
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
30,000
75,000
5(>,000
12,000
.070
,510
5,100
,7800
,0100
,1100
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
110,000
160,000
56.000
42,000
.070
2,000
17.000
                        A-71

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KHOM


                    INDIANA S-J     , IN




                     SAMPLE SURK.DSCHG
               ORGANICS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
.?.(> AS PCB'S
pESTICIUKS
<.001
VOhATll.KS
HKAVY OHCJANIC'S: <. 01, LIGHT  VULAT JLES J < 1
                           REMARKS



nil.y ODUR, hLACK MATERIAL  vSETTLKD  OUT AKTER 24 MRS,



KSSENTIAI.l-Y UNDILUTED DISCHARGE  KROM PLANT WATER TREATMENT



EXTREMELY HLACK COLOR, GREASY  &/OR OILY



TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE



DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AREA:   100  FT
                        A-72

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES  PROM

                    INDIANA S-l     ,  IN



                     SAMPLE WELL 1
                ORGAN1CS GKUUP RESULTS, MG/l
PCHS
<.001
<,001
VULATILKS
UKAVY ORC;ANICS:
-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATEH  SAMPLES FKDM

                    INDIANA  S*l     ,  IN
                         ,fc  WELL  2  HKG
               OKGAN1CS GROUP  KESULTS,  MG/L


pens
<.001
VULATILES
UKAVY OHGANICS:<,01, LIGHT VOLATILES?
                          KEMAHKS


    LE CLEAH


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AKEA:  1150 F'T


BACKGROUND WELL
                        A-74

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S~1     , IN



                     SAMPLE WELL 3
                ORGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCbS
ELECTRONEGATIVE  COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
V()I,AT1 I,hiS
HKAVY OKGANICS:  <,01,  I.ICHT VUI.ATILES:
                           KKMAHKS


C()NTAM,(l'OTKNTJAL  PCH)  CONKIKMKt) b/7b,PFC RESULTS CONFIRM
NE HKSUI.TS

SAMPLE CLEAH


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:   APPROXIMATELY 145 FT


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL  AHEA:   650 KT
                         A-75

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-2    , JN



 SAMPLE  NO.    SUMP DSCIIC.  c;w SEEP i   i:w SEEP 2
 DISPOSAL
  TYPE         COMB
 WATER  TYPE    SUREACE
 DATE SAMPLED  11/H/76
 TIME             13:00
 TEMPERATURE      Hb.O
SPECIE1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
              11500
COMH
GROUND
11/8/76
10:45
bb ,0
11.2
10000
COMU
GROUND
11/8/76
12:00
11,0
6.B
1300
 EMISSION S PEC T H ( )SC 0 IJ Y
                       RESULTS OE
                         PERCENT
       OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
HAH HIM
CALC1DM
IRON
M A G N E S I Li M

MANGANESE
POTASS(UM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
                 ,020
                 ,001
               15,000
                 .ObO
                 .2bO

                 ,003
               20.000
                 ,ObO
               50,000
                 ,100

               <1 ,000
               <1.000
               <1.000
               <1,000
                 ,002

               <1 ,000
                 ,001
                <,001
                 ,005
                 ,001
 1 ,000
  ,001
 5,000
  ,0«0
  ,010

  .002
  ,100
  .100
50,000
  ,002

<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
  ,001

<1 ,000
  .001
 <,001
  ,001
  ,001
  ,100
  ,200
50,000
  ,150
 5,000

  ,020
  ,250
 2,000
 3,000
  ,250

<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
  ,010

<1,000
  ,002
 <,001
  ,002
  ,001
                         A-76

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   INDIANA S»2    , IN



SAMPLE NO,   SUMP DSCHO  GW SEEP 1   GW SEEP 2
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS Of-' OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,000
*020
.001
<»001
8
.00
<, 1 0
.00
.20
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
                        A-77

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES  PROM



                    INDIANA S-2     ,  IN







SAMPLE NO,   SUMP DSCIK;  GW SEEP i   GW  SEEP  2
               G4 AN!) G5 GKOUP RESULTS, MG/L
KLIIORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CIIHOMIUM + 6
SELEN U)M
SULK ATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SOD f DM
4,3000
,0000
,0300
<,0005
,2100
<,0100
,0400
150,000
21,000
47,000
4.000
.140
1100,000
1700,000
,3100
,2700
,1800
<,0005
5,8000
<,0100
.0200
320,000
3,000
1.400
3H.OOO
1,500
21,000
2600,000
.1400
,0100
.0100
<.0005
<,0300
<,0100
,0500
150,000
230.000
57.000
219.000
,040
10.000
02,000
                        A-78

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-2    ,  IN



                     SAMPLE SUMP DSCHG
               ORGAN ICS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCHS
UN I DENT in ED ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUND  .003
<.OOJ
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:,01 &  .03,  LIGHT  VOLATILES;<1
                           REMARKS
NOTEM RIVER INFLOW  INTO SUMP
TOTAL WEF.Ij DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE
DISTANCE KROM DlSPOSAIj AREA:  400 ET
                         A-79

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   INDIANA S-2    , IN




                    SAMPLE GW SEEP 1
               ORGAN1CS CHOUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC US

-------
               ANALYSIS OF  WATt:H  SAMPLES FKOM


                    INDIANA S-2     »  IN
                                SF,KP  2
                ORCAN.ICS GROUP HKSUI.TS,  MG/L
PCBS
<.001
PKSTICIUKS
<.001
VULATII.LS
HKAVY  uH^ANics:<,oi ,I,K;HT
                           HbiMAHKS



TOTAL  WELL  UKPTH:   NUT APPLICAHLK



DISTANCE  KHdM  DISPOSAL AHtA:  600 FT




BACKGROUND WELL
                         A-81

-------
                     IS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-3    , IN
 SAMPLE  NO.
SPRING
WELL 1
                                     WELL  2  BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
 UXYGKN
LANDFILL
GROUND
1 1/11/76
11 :40
H6 ,0
6,8
LANDKILL
GROUND
11/11/76
14S15
13,5
7,0
LANDKILL
GROUND
11/11/76
12:45
96,0
7.3
               1100
              650
              560
 KMISS10N SPb'CTHOSCOPY  RESULTS  OK  OXIDES REPORTED ,IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HAHIUM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANK.SE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
UTSMUTH
fit.) RON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPKR
LEAD
    ,005
    ,030
  50,000
    ,200
   8,000

    ,030
   <.100
   1 ,000
    ,200
    ,250

  <1 ,000
  <1,000
  <1 ,000
  <1 ,000
    ,003
   1 ,000
    ,002
   <,001
    ,003
    ,001
,250
,100
50,000
,250
8,000
,350

-------
               ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                    INDIANA S-3     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO,   SPRING
WELL 1
WELL 2 BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESK
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
CTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES
REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT,)
<1 ,000
<,00i
,005
<1,000
,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1,OOQ
<1 ,000
QUANTITATIVE
,00
<,01
1 ,10
,05
,28
,00
<,10
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
<1,000 <1
,002
,010
<1,000 
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK WATKK SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S«3    ,  IN
SAMPLE NO.
SPHING
WKIiL t
WKLL 2 BKG
               G4  AND  (55  GKOUP  HESULTS,  MG/l,
KLUUHIDE
CYANIDt
P!IKN(H,S
MKRCUHY
AHSKNIC

CMHUMIUM+fa
SUl.KATt:
CALCIUM
MAGNb.'SIIJM

CMLOHIUt:
pHDSpMATt:
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
     ,1300
    <(OObO
     ,0200
    <,0005
    <,0300

    <,0100
    <,0100
   30,000
  110.000
   40fOOO

   12,000
     .090
     ,820
    4,900
     ,1500
    <,0050
     ,0800
    <,0300

    <,0100
    
-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA  S»3     ,  IN



                    SAMPLE  SPRING
               ORGAN Ies GHUUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<,001


PESTICIDES
HEAVY (JRGAN1.CS: ,02, LIGHT VOLATILES: <1



                          REMARKS


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLICAItLE


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  100 FT
                        A-85

-------
              ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM


                    INDIANA  S-3     »  IN





                    SAMPLE  WELL  1
               ORGANics GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KRUM

                    INDIANA S-3    , IN



                     SAMPLE WELL 2 HKG
                ORGAN 1CS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<.001
PKiSTlClUKS
<«001
 VOLATILES
 IIKAVY  ORGANJCS:  <,01,  LIGHT VOLAT1LES?
                           RKMARKS

SAMHI.K CI.KAK

TOTAL W(-;LL  DKPTH:   UNKNOWN

DISTANCE KROM  DISPOSAL  AREA:   400 KT


BACKGROUND WELL
                         A-87

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-4     ,  IN
NO.
              SPRING
SPRING 2
WELL 1
WELL 2
DISPOSAL
 TYPE         I
WATER TYPE    (
DATE SAMPLED  ll/10/7b
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PI!
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE  3400
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
DFILL
IJND
10/7b
H:oo
17.0
7,0
LANDFILL
GROUND
ll/10/7b
I5:oo
7fatO
b,«)
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/10/76
11:45
12.0
7,0
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/10/76
10*30
13,0
7,1
                    900
              750
              650
 EMISSION KPKCTRUSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIUM
CALCIUM
.IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
KILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
c cm ALT
COPPER
LEAD
          ,350
          ,200
        50,000
          ,200
         a.ooo

          ,030
         3,000
         2,000
        10,000
          ,500

        <1 ,000
        
-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA S->4     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO,   SPRING 1
SPRING 2
                                      WELL  1
WELL 2
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
iCTKOSCUPY RESULTS OF
PERCENT
<1,000
• 002
,002
<1,000
,002
<1 ,000
<1,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
QUANTITATIVE
,00
.01
<,01
,27
1.50
,03
.00
,00
.20
,00
.00
,00
,00
,00
<1 ,000
<,001
.001
<1 ,000
.002
<1 ,000
<1,OQO
<,001
<1,000
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   INDIANA S-4    , IN
SAMPLE NO.
SPUING 1     SPRING 2    WELL 1
                                                 WF:LL 2
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS* MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROMJUMffa
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNF-SIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
     .2300
     .0100
     .0050
    <,QOQ5
    <.0300

    <,0100
    <,0100
   20.000
  200.000
   78,000

   55,000
     .IbO
  110,000
  440,000
   ,1700
  <,0050
   ,0200
  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATEH  SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA  S-4     ,  IN



                    SAMPLE  SPRING  1
               ORGAN1CS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PChS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.00l
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY OHGANICS! <,01, LIGHT VOLATlLESj  <1
                          REMARKS
SEEPS DIRECTLY FROM KILL, MAY HE CONSIDERED  LEACHATE
TUTAI, WELI, DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE
DISTANCE KRDM DISPOSA-L AREA:  0 FT
                         A-91

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA S-4     ,  IN



                    SAMPLE SPRING  2
               ORGAN1CS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCMS
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<«001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,0l, LIGHT VOLATILES? <1
                          REMARKS
SITE ACCEPTED WASTE POSSlHLy CONTAINING PCBS
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE
DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  BOO FT  •
                        A-92

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA  S-4     ,  IN



                     SAMPLK  WKLI, t
               ORGAN JC\S  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC MS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: < „ 01 , LICHT  VOLATILKS:  <1
                          REMARKS


S1TK ACCEPTED WASTE POSSIHLY CONTAINING  PCBS


SAMPLE TURIUD


TOTAL WELI, DEPTH;  b ET


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:   1300 ET
                        A-93

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA  S-4     ,  IN




                    SAMPLE  WELL  2
               ORGANJCS CROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCI1S
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01,LIGHT VOLATILESJ <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED WASTE POSSIBLY CONTAINING PCBS


SAMPLE CLEAR



TUTAL WELL DEPTH;  UNKNOWN


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  500 FT
                        A-94

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S»4    ,  IN
SAMPLE NO,   WF.LL 3
                          WELL 4 HKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDFILL
WATER TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED U/10/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                11:30
                12,0
                 7,0

               590
                          LANDFILL
                          GROUND
                          11/10/76
                             12:30
                             13,0
                              7W1

                            530
 EMISSION SPKCTKOSCOPY  KESULTS  OF  OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM
MARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANKSE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
hlSMIJTH
HORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COllALT
COPPER
LEAD
,003
,001
50,000
.050
H.OOO
,002
<.ioo
1 ,000
.250
3,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,005
<1 ,000
,002
<,001
,005
,002
,100
,010
50,000
,150
8,000
,005
< , 1 00
2.000
,500
3,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,003
<,001
,003
,001
                        A-95

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES PROM

                    INDIANA S»4     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO.    WELL  3
                         WELL  4  BKG
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY  RESULTS  OE  OXIDES  REPORTED  IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT  (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
               <1,000
               <1
,001
,001
,000
,001
               <1 .000
               <1.000
                <,001
               <1,000
               <1,000
               <1,000
<1.000
  ,003
  ,002
<1 ,000
  ,002

<1 ,000
<1,000
  .002
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
             QUANTITATIVE METALS RESULTS, MG/L
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IKON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM
                  ,00
                 ,Qb

                 .01
                 ,00

                 ,00
            ,00
           
-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  PROM

                    INDIANA  S-4     t  IN
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 3
         WELL 4 BKG
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
ELUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHRUMTUM+b
SKLENILIM
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
 1,9000
 <,0050
  .0700
 <»000b
 <.0300

 <.0100
  .0100
70,000
44,000

 4.000
  .030
 3.900
 1,9000
 <,0050
 <,0010
 <,0005
 <,0300

 
-------
              ANALYSTS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  PROM


                    INDIANA  S-4     ,  IN




                    SAMPLE  WELL  3
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
pens
,003 AS PCH'S
PESTICIDES
<.00l
VULATILES
HEAVY ORGANICSl <,01, LIGHT VULATILES; <1
                          MEMAHKS



SITE ACCEP.TED WASTE PUSSIhLY CONTAINING PCBS



SAMPLE CLEAR



TOTAL WELL DEPTH?  160 FT



DISTANCE FHOM DISPOSAL AREA:  1200 ET
                        A-98

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATEH  SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-4     ,  IN




                     SAMPLE WELL  4  hKG
                ORGAN ICS GKOUP RESULTS,  MG/L
 PCliS
 <.001
 PEST1C1DKS
 <.001
 VtJLATII.LS
 IIKAVY  OKCJANICS:  <,01, LIGHT VULATILKS:
                           HfcMAHKvS


SITE  ACCEPTED  WASTE PDSSIMLY CONTAINING PCBS


SAMPLE CLEAR


TOTAL WELL  DEPTH;   74 KT


DISTANCE  KKOM  DISPOSAL AHEA:  1500 KT



BACKGROUND WELL
                         A-99

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FKOM

                    INDIANA  S-5     ,  IN
SAMpj.E NO.   WELL 3
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
  WELL 2
WELL 1
WELL 4 BKG
LANDFILL
GROUND
H/'>/7b
17:15
12,0
6,8
3200
LANDEILL
c; ROUND
1 1/9/76
16J25
12,0
7,2
850
LANDFILL
GROUND
1 1/9/76
18:15

7.2
510
LANDEILL
GROUND
11/9/76
16:55
11.5
7,4
700
RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
  PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
S I L I C A
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,010
f 300
50,000
,150
5,000
.020
,250
1.000
5,000
.500
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,050
<1,000
,002
<,001
,002
,001
,005
,010
50»OQO
,150
5,000
,010
<,100
1 ,000
,250
,500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATKR SAMPLES FHDM

                    INDIANA s»5    ,  IN
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 3
WELL 2
WELL 1
WELL 4 BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SIliVKH
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IKON, TUTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HAHIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
iXTROSCUPY

<1 ,000
,001
,001
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
UUANTITATI
,00
,01
.01
.26
<,03
,00
,00
1,10
.00
,00
,00
,00
,00
RESULTS OF
PERCENT
<1,000
,003
,001
<,ooi
,003
<1,000
<1.000
,001
<1,000
<1.000
<1 ,000
VE METALS
,00
<,01
<|01
,28
< ,01
.00
,00
.10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
OXIDES REPORTED
(CUNT,)
<1,000
,003
.001
<.001
.002
<1,000
<1 ,000
",002

-------
ANALYSIS UK WATKK SAMPLES KHOM

     INDIANA S-b    , IN
       NO.
WELL 3
WELL 2
WELL 1
                                    WELL  4  BKG
 G4  AN!) G5 GKUUP KESULTS, MG/L
KLUOPIOf.
CYANlPfc:
HHKNOLS
AKStNIC

CHMUMIIIM-fO
KKt.ENlUM
SULKATK
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
FHOSfllATb!
1-MJTASS1UM
     ,4900
    
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-b    , IN




                     SAMPLE WELL 3
                ORGANICS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATFLES
HEAVY ORGANfCS:  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA  S-b     ,  IN



                    SAMPLE  WELL  2
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRKSKNT 
-------
               ANALYSIS  W  WATEH SAMPLES FHO-M

                    INDIANA S-5 '   ,  IN



                     SAMPLE WELL 1
               OKGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<.00l
PRSUCIDES
<,001
VOI.ATILtS
HEAVY OHGANICS; <.01,LIGHT  VOLATILES:  <1
                           KfciMAHKS


SITE ACCEPTED  INDUSTKIAL  WASTK


SAMPLE CLEAR
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN
DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:   400  KT
                         A-105

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    INDIANA  S-5     ,  IN



                    SAMPLE  WELL  4 BKG
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCIJS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<»001
VULATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILES: <1
                          REMARKS
SITE ACCEPTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE
SAMPLE EAIHLY CLEAR
MONITOR WELL 4, BACKGROUND
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  14 KT
DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  300 KT
                        A-106

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA  S-5     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO,    WELL  5
DISPOSAL
 TYPE         LANDFILL
WATEH TYPE    GROUND
DATE SAMPLED  11/9/76
TIME             15:00
TEMPERATURE      12,0
PH               7,4
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE    440
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM         1,000
BARIUM            ,010
CALCIUM        50,000
IRON              ,3bO
MAGNESIUM        8,000

MANGANESE         ,200
POTASSIUM        <,100
SILICA           5,000
SODIUM            ,250
STRONTIUM         ,500

ANTIMONY       <1,000
ARSENIC        <1,000
BERYLLIUM      <1,000
BISMUTH        <1,000
HURON             ,020

CADMIUM        <1,000
CHROMIUM          ,010
COBALT            ,002
COPPER            .010
LEAD              ,002
                        A-10 7

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-5     ,  IN
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  5
 EMISSION  SPECTROSCOPY  RESULTS  OK  OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                          PERCENT  (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES  FROM

                   INDIANA S-5     ,  IN
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 5
               G4 AND G5 GHOUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUOKIPE          ,3600
CYANIDE          <§0050
PHENOLS           ,0090
MEKCIJKY          <.0005
ARSENIC          
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    INDIANA S-i>     ,  IN



                     SAMPLE WELL  5
               ORGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,001
PESTICIDES
<»001
VOI»ATILES
HEAVY ORCANICS: ,03, LIGHT VOLATILESt <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED* INDUSTRIAL WASTE


MONITOR WELLS


TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  10 FT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA?  800 FT
                        A-110

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES KHOM

                    MASS, S-i      , MA
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL 2
 DISPOSAL
 TYPK         LANDFILL
 WATKK  TYPE    GMOUND
 DATK SAMPLED  11/4/76
 TIME             11:30
 TEMPERATURE      1 b „ 0
 PH                t>,2
 SPEC IK 1C
 CONDIJCTANCK   2000
 DISSOLVED
 OXYGKN

 EMISSION SPKCTKOSCOpy  HtSULTS OK OXIDKS HFPORTED IN WEIGHT
                          PKKCENT
ALUMINUM
hAIUUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNKSIUM

MANGANtSK
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STKONTIUM

ANTIMONY
AKSKN1C
HK-HYLLIUM
blSMUTH
KOHON

CADMIUM
CHHOMILIM
COtiALT
COPPhiK
LKAD
  ,100
  ,001
50,000
  .010
15,000

  ,100
 5,000
 1,500
15,000
  ,500

<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
  ,100

<1,000
  ,002
<1,000
  ,005
  .002
                        A-lll

-------
              ANALYSIS OK HATER SAMPLES KROM

                   MASS, S»l      , MA
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 2
 EM [ SSI UN SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKKL
SILVK.R
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,QOO
,001
,001

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   MASS, S*l      i MA
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 2
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
ELUORIDE         1,2000
CYANIDE          <»0050
PHENOLS           ,0070
MERCURY          <,000!>
ARSENIC          <»030Q

CHROMIUM+b       <,0100
SELENIUM          .0700
SULKATE         25,000
CALCIUM        1^0,000
MAGNESIUM       17,000

CHLUKIDE         2,000
PHOSPHATE        4,100
POTASSIUM       94,000
SODIUM         250,000
                        A-113

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM


                    MASS. S-l      , MA




                     SAMPLE WELL 2
                URGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L


PCHS
                           PKESKNT <,ooi
PKSTICIDES
<.001
VUI.ATILES
HEAVY OHCJANK'S: <,01,LIGHT  VOLATILL'S: <1
                           HEMAHKS



STRUNG LKACHATf   (VULATlLfcIS) ODOR



SITE ACCEPTED PLASTIC RESINS



SAMPLE CLEAR



MONITOR WELL 2,LEACMATE



TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  11 FT



DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  70 FT
                        A-114

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   MASS, S-2      , MA
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3 BKG
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPK
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIKIC
CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVE!)
OXYGEN
EMISSION SP

ALUMINUM
MAR1UM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANfciSK
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
AKSKNIC
HKRYLLlUM
HISMIITH
MORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPtR
LEAD

COMB
GROUND
11/3/76
I3:oo
13,0
6,5

125


ECTKOSCOPY

,300
.030
50,000
1 .000
2,000
,010
,150
20,000
3,000
1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,005
<1 ,000
.010
.001
,003
.001

COMB
GROUND
11/3/76
15:30
13,0
6,1

25(70


RESULTS OK
PERCENT
,010
,030
50,000
5,000
5,000
,250
,500
1,000
10.000
1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,020
<1 ,000
,003
.003
,001
<,001

COMB
GROUND
11/3/76
10130
16,0
6.4

250


OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT

,200
,002
50,000
,010
5,000
,050
,200
2,000
15,000
1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF1 WATER  SAMPLES  F'ROM

                   MASS, S-2       ,  MA
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3 BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
CTROSCOPY

<,001
,010
,002
<1 ,000
,005
<1 ,000
<1,000
,003
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1.00Q
OUANTITATl
,00
.01
<»01
2,10
,00
<,03
<,10
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,°°
.00
,00
RESULTS OK OXIDES
PERCENT (CONT.)
<,001
,002
,003
<1,000 <1
,001
<1»000 <1
<1,000 <1
<,001
<1,000 <1
<1,000 <1
<1,000 <1
VE METALS RESULTS,
,00
<,01 <
,00 <
140,00
8,10
,04
,00 <
,00
,10
foo
,08
,00
,00
,00
REPORTED IN WEIGHT

,003
.002
,002
,000
.002
,000
,000
,010
.000
,000
,000
MG/L
,00
,01
,01
.10
.15
,00
.to
,05
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
                         A-116

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  FHUM




                   MASS, S-2 •      , MA
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3 BKG
               (',4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYAN IDF
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHROMHJM + 6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,1000
C.0050
,0300
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
,0100
6,600
22,000
4,600
14,000
,060
3,000
5,500
,1500
<,0050
,0300
<,0005
,6500
<,0100
,0200
1,700
190,000
47,000
4HO.OOO
,150
16,000
160,000
,1200
<,0050
.0030
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
,0400
lb.000
21,000
3,300
66.000
,009
2,600
37,000
                        A-117

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, S-2      , MA
                           WELL 1
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,OQ1
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    MASS, S-2       ,  MA



                     SAMPLE  WF.LF,  2
               ORGANICS  GHOUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,001
pEsTlCJDEg

-------
               ANALYSIS  W  WATEK  SAMPLES FROM

                    MASS, S-2       ,  MA
                    SAMPLE  WELL  3
               ORGAN1CS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCbS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,00i
PESTICIDES
<«001
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01,LIGJIT VULATILES: 2.5
                          REMARKS



SITE ACCEPTED ACID PICKLING WASTE EROM WIRE FACTORy



SAMPLE CLEAR



HACKGROUND



TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  14 PI-



DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREA:  400 ET
                        A-120

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, S-3      , MA
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDFILL
WATER TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 11/18/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE     11,0
PM               7,2
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   18b
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDFILL
GROUND
ll/l«/7b
12.0
6,8
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/18/76
12,0
7,0
  221
  197
 EMISSION SPKCTHOSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUM JNUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SI MCA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH "
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COhALT
COPPER
LEAD
5,000
,030
50,000
,2bO
9,000
,100
,250
25,000
2,000
1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS UP WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, S*3      , MA
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY HFSULTS OF' OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCUNIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1»OOQ
,003
,002

-------
              ANALYSIS  UK  WATKH  SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, S-3       ,  MA
       NO,   WEI,I, 1       WELL  2       WELL 3
               G4 AND GS  GKUUP  HKSUUTS,  MG/L
ELUUKIDE           ,1000        ,1100        .1200
CYANIDE          <,OObO       <,0050       <,0050
PHENOLS            .0200        .0100        .0900
MEKCIJRY          <,OOOS       <,000b       <.0005
AHSEN1C          <,0300       <,0300       <,0300

CHKOMllJMib       <,0100       <,0100       <,0100
SELENIUM         <,0100       <,0100       <,0100
SULKATt          3,300        4,200        8,300
CALCIUM         30,000       35,000       20,000
MAGNESIUM        H.900        9,200        4,bOO

CHLOHIDE        2b.OOO       13,000       13.000
PHOSPHATE          ,190         ,330         ,590
POTASSIUM        2.bOO        2.900        2,700
SODIUM           H.100       11,000        7,000
                        A-12 3

-------
              ANALYSIS UF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MASS, S-3       ,  MA



                    SAMPLE WELL  1
               URGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
PCB'S & OTHER ELfc%.CTRUNKGATrVK CUMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VULATILES
HEAVY ORGAN[CS:<.01f I/IGIIT VULATILES{<1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED >500,000 LH PCH WASTE


SAMPLE TURK 10


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  Ih FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                        A-124

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES KROM

                    MASS, S-3       ,  MA




                     SAMPLK WKLL  2
               ORGAN1CS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
PCM'S s, OTHER ELECTRONEGATIVE  COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  500,000 LH PCh WASTE



SAMPLE TURHID



TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  Ib KT



DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  bO KT
                       A-125

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM
                    MASS, S-3      , MA

                     SAMPLE WELL 3


               ORGANICS GHOUP RESULTS, MG/L

PCHS
PCH'S S, OTHER ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <.00l

 PESTICIDES
<.001

 VOLATJLES
HEAVY nHnANICS}<,01, LIGHT VOLATILESJ<1


                          REMARKS

SITU ACCEPTED >SOO,000 LH PCH WASTE

 SAMPLE TUPHID


 TOTAL WELL DEPTH:     16  FT.


 DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:   50  FT.
                          A-126

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  KRUM

                   MASS, S»4       , MA
SAMPLE NO.
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
WELL 1
WELL 2 BKG  WELL 3
LANDKILL
GROUND
11/2/76
10:30
10,0
6,4
LANDKILL
GROUND
11/2/76
12:00
13,0
7,3
LANDKILL
GROUND
11/2/76
9 30
9,0
6.4
 5280
  930
383
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
IJARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
UERYLLJUM
MISMIITU
(JORON
CADMIUM
CMHOMIIJM
C (Hi ALT
COPPER
LEAD
,100
,030
50,000
1 ,000
JO. 000
,200
,2bO
2,000
5,000
,010
< 1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,020
<1 .000
,002
<,001
,001
,001
1,000
,00ii
50,000
1,000
10,000
,200
,100
8,000
5,000
,100
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,003
<1 ,000
,002
,001
,003
,001
1,000
,005
50,000
5.000
8.000
,150
,100
20,000
1,000
,010
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,005
<1,000
,003
<,001
,005
,001
                         A-127

-------
              ANALYSfS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   MASS, S-4      , MA



SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1       WELL 2BKG   WELL 3
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPE RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
<1,000
.001
,001
<1,000
.003
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.001
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
,005
,002
<1 ,000
,010
<1,000
<1,QOO
,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
.020
,001
<1,000
,010

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATEH  SAMPLES FKOM




                   MASS, S-4       ,  MA
SAMPLE NO,
WELL 1
WELL 2 BKG  WELL 3
               (54 AND C5 GKOUP KESULTS,
KhUfJKIDt
CYANIDh;
Pllfc:N(lLS
MEKCUKY
AKSKNIC
CMHOMIUM+6
S'KLtN JUM
SUKKATK
CAI.C1HV
MAGNESIUM
CHLOHinE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
.2400
<,0050
,0100

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, Sw4       , MA




                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGANJCS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCUS
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY OHr.ANTCj<, 01, LIGHT VOLAT1LES80NE PEAK APX  1,2
                          REMARKS


.STRONG ORGANIC DECOMPOSITION ODOR


KITE ACCEPTED PC»*S


SAMPLE CLEAR


MONITORING WELL 1, LEACHATE


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  15 KT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  70 FT
                          A-130

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MASS, S»4       ,  MA



                    SAMPLE WELL  2  BKG
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:<,01, LIGHT
                                 ES JONE PEAK APX  1,0
                          REMARKS
MODERATE l.EACHATK ODOR
SITE ACCEPTED PCh'S
SAMPLE CLEAR
MONITORING WELL 2,_  BACKGROUND
TOTAL WELL DEPTH I  J2 KT
DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  100 FT
                          A-131

-------
              ANALYSIS OE WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MASS, S-4       ,  MA




                    SAMPLE WELL  3
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,00!
VOLATTLES
HEAVY ()RGANICS:<,01f LIGHT VOLAT ILES;TWO PEAKS APX  10,3  &  5,6
                          REMARKS
SITE ACCEPTED PCH'S
SAMPLE VERY CLEAR
TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  15 ET
DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  1000 KT
                          A-132

-------
              ANALYSIS OF' WATER SAMPLES EROM

                   MASS, S-5       , MA
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
          WELLS 263   WELL 4 UKG
LANDFILL
GHOUND
11/1/76
10:00
11.4
fa, 5
LANDFILL
GHOUND
11/1/76
11SOO
15.0
6,6
LANDEILL
GROUND
11/1/76
15J30
22.0
6,6
500
600
346
 EMISSION SPKCTKOSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED
                         PERCENT
                                   IN WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
A NT I MONY
ARSENIC
HERYLL.UJM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
3,000
,200
50.000
5,000
5,000
,2bO
,200
20.000
t ,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.030
<1 ,000
.010
,003
,005
,003
,500
,200
50,000
5,000
H,000
,2bO
,200
20,000
3,500
,500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1 .000
.030
<1,000
,003
<,001
,005
,001
1.000
,100
50,000
1 .000
10,000
,250
,250
10,000
3.500
,500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 .000
,010
<1,000
,005
,001
,010
,010
                          A-133

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MASS, S-b      , MA
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 1
WELLS 263   WELL 4 BKG
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
.010
,002
<1 ,000
,050
<1,000
<1 ,000
,003
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1»OQO
.002
,001
<1 .000
,010
<1,000
<1»000
,003
<1,QOO
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,003
,001
<1,000
,005
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  KKOM

                   MASS, S-5       ,  MA
NO.
             WKLL 1
WELLS 2«.3   WKLL 4 HKG
               CM AND Gb GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
KLUOR1DE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MKKCIIKY
ARSENIC

CIIROMIUM + 6
SELENIUM
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
           ,1200
          <,OObO
           ,0070
          
-------
              ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM


                   MASS, S-5       ,  MA





                    SAMPLE  WELL  1
               ORGANICS CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PChS
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATI.I.ES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01,LIGHT VOLATILES;<1
                          REMARKS
SLIGHT ORGANIC LEACHATE ODOR
SAMPLE SLIGHTLY TIJRUID
LEACHATE
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  20 FT
DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  BOO FT
                        A-136

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MASS. S-5       /  MA



                    SAMPLE WELLS  2&3
               ORGANJCS CHUUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCliS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01,LIGHT VOLATILES!
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEK  SAMPLES  PKUM

                   MASS, S-5       ,  MA




                    SAMPLE WELL  4  BKG
               ORGAN I.CS GHUUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC MS
<,OQ1
PESTICIDES
<.00l
VOLATILES
HEAVY UHGANlCSt<,01,LIGHT VOLATILKSlONE PEAK APX  2.1
                          KEMAKKS
SAMPLE SLIGHTLy
HACKGKOUNU
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  Ib FT
DISTANCE KKUM DISPOSAL AREA:  1400 ET
                         A-138

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KKDM

                   MICHIGAN S-l    i MI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPEHATUHE
PH
SPEC IE 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
          WELL 2
           WELL 3
           WELL 4 BKG
LAGOON
GROUND
9/30/76
14:15
12,2
7,6
LAGOON
GROUND
9/29/76
11 :20
17,4
9.4
LAGOON
GROUND
9/30/76
12:10
13,6
9.1
LAGOON
GROUND
9/30/76
13:40
16,2
7,6
5HO
7500
4400
390
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
A N T 1 M 0 N Y
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CO|jALT
COPPER
LEAD
,050
,010
50,000
,100
25,000
.010
,250
10,000
H.OOO
,250
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1,000
,030
.001
,010
,001
,005

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN  s-i   ,  MI
SAMPLE NO,
WELL J
WKLI, 2
WELL 3
WELL 4 BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVEK
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GEHMANIIJM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBA'LT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANA|)IUM
•:CTROSCOPY

,002
,010
,002

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES EROM




                   MICHIGAN S-l   , MI
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
WELL 4 BKG
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
KLIIOR1UE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHHOMIIJM + b
SELENIUM
SULEATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,J700
,6300
,0400
<,000b
<,0300
<.oioo
<,0100
32.000
58,000
25,000
34,000
.320
3.300
14,000
3,8000
14,0000
,0400
,0008
<,0300
.0100
.0800
390,000
4,000
,250
20,000
,870
10,000
13,000
5,0000
,3500
,0300
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
390,000
5.600
1,100
755,000
,670
3,100
910,000
,0100
<,0050
.0200
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
24,000
39,000
15.000
10,000
,040
1,400
11,000
                        A-1

-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN  S-l   ,  Ml



                     SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGAN|CS  CROUP  RESULTS, MG/L
PC US
<.OQJ
PKST1CIIJKS
<.001
VOLATILKS
HKAVY OHGANICSj
-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES  FHOM

                   MICHIGAN S-l    ,  Ml




                    SAMPLE WELL 2
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PChS
<,001
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS PRESENT TN QUANTITIES <.001
VOLATILES
HEAVY C)RGANlCS;
-------
              ANALYSIS OP  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MICHIGAN s-i    , MI
                           WELL  3
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
PESTICIDES
VOLATILES
                          REMARKS
SMOKING REACTION UPON KILLING FIXED METALS BOTTLES WITH SAMP
LE

SITE ACCEPTED LIUUID METAL PLATING WASTE WITH ZN,CR,CN
SAMPLE FOAMED AT HYDRANT, SLIGHT HHOWN TINT
MONITOR WELL 3
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  66 FT
DISTANCE FRUM DISPOSAL AREA:  150 FT
                        A-

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN  S-l    ,  MI



                     SAMFLK WELL  4  BKG
               ORGAN1CS  GROUP  RESULTSf  MG/L
PCHS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,00l
VULATILES
HEAVY ORGANlCS:<,Otf MGHT VOLATILESKl
                          REMARKS
SITE ACCEPTED LIQUID METAL PLATING WASTE  WITH  zN,CR,CN
SAMp|,E CLEAR
BACKGROUND
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN
DISTANCE PRUM DISPOSAL AREA:  1000 ET
                        A-145

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN  s-2    ,  MI
SAMPLE  NO.    WELL  3  HKG   WELL
                                     WKLL 2
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        DRY WL/LGN
WATER TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 9/29/76
TIME            12:00
TEMPERATURE     13,9
Pll               7,fa
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   470
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                          DRY  WL/LGN
                          GROUND
                          9/29/76
                              9 25
                             10,b
                            49b
DRY WL/LGN
GROUND
9/29/7b
    9 45
   11,1
    7.8

  500
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
UAR1UM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLLIUM
bISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
cobALT
COPPER
LEAD
                 .005
                 ,001
               50,000
                 .ObO
               10,000

                 ,020
                 ,000
                H,000
                 .500
                 ,OHO

               <1 ,000
               <1,000
               <1,000
               <1.000
                 ,001

               <1,000
                 fOOl
               <1,000
                 .020
               <1 ,000
,010
.005
50,000
.050
10,000
,020
,000
8,000
1,000
.100
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
< 1,000
,005
<1 .000
,002
<1.000
.005
<1,000
.030
,001
50,000
.100
15,000
,030
,000
10,000
,750
.100

-------
              ANALYSIS OE WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   MICHIGAN S-2    , MI
SAMPLE NO.
WKLL 3 HKG  WELL 1
WELL 2
EMISSION SPH

MOLYBDENUM
MCKEL
SILVER
T I N
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
2IRCONJ IJM
GERMAN IUM
TELLURIUM

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
MAR IUM
HERYLLIUM
COHALT
MULYHDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
CTROSCOPY

<1 .000
<,001
,00'j
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,002
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
UUANTITAT
,00
< ,0 1
<,0 1
,95
,01
.00
.00
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
RESULTS UE OXIDES
PERCENT (CUNT,)
<1.000 <1
,002
.001
<1.000 <1
< . o'o i
<1,000 <

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATtH SAMPLES  FROM

                    MICHIGAN S-2   , MI
SAMPLE  NO,    WELL 3 HKG  WELL I
                      WELL 2
                G4  AND G5 GKOUP RESULTS, MG/L
KLUUKIDt
CYANIDE
PMKNOLS
MtKCUKY
AHSKNIC

CHHOMILIM + b
SEI.KNIUM
CAIiCIIJW
MAGNESIUM

CHI, OKI [)E
FHOSPIIATK
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,1900
 <.oorjo
  .OObO
  b , 0 0 0
25.000

 1,000
  .030
  ,<>40
 bfHOO
  .1900
 <,0050
  ,0030
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
33,000
71,000
2b,000

 1,000
  ,030
 1,200
 4,200
                         A-148

-------
               ANALYSIS l)E WATEH  SAMPLES EKOM


                    MICHIGAN. S-2    ,  Ml





                     SAMPLE WELL  J  BKG
                OIU;ANIC\S GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PC i us
<.ooi
PKSTICJDKS
<.ooi
VULATILES
HEAVY r)R(;ANICS:
-------
               ANALYvSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES KROM

                    MFCIUCAN  S-2    ,  Ml



                     SAMPLE WELL  1
                URCANFCS CROUP  KK\SUI,TS, M(.J/L
PCliS
<.001
PKKTICJUKS
VUl.ATU.tS
HKAVY OHC;ANI.CS;<.01 ALIGHT VOI.ATILK.S:
                           HEMAHKS
SITK ACCtHTfcll.)  THKATh'.l) ACID PICKLE  LIUUOH WITH FEf OILfTRACE
CN

     E CLEAR
TOTAL WELL  DEPTH:   90 KT


DISTANCE KHUM  DISPOSAL AREA:   1.00  KT
                          A-150

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES FROM


                   MICHIGAN S-2   , MI





                    SAMPLE WELL 2
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<,001
PESTICIDES

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN S»3   ,  MI
 SAMPLE  NO,
WELL 1
WELL 3 BKG  SUPPLY W,   NORTH WELL
 DISPOSAL
  TYPE
 WATER  TYPE
 DATE SAMPLED
 TIME
 TEMPERATURE
 PH
 SPECIFIC
  CONDUCTANCE
 DISSOLVED
  OXYGEN
LAGOON
GROUND
10/4/76
1U30
13,2
7.2
LAGOON
GROUND
10/4/76
13:30
11.4
7,4
LAGOON
GROUND
10/4/76
13:20
86,0
7,6
LAGOON
GROUND
10/4/76
14:30
96,0
7,6
 1300
  625
                        390
  EMISSION  SPECTROSCOPY  RESULTS  OK  OXIDES  REPORTED
                          PERCENT
                        400
                                     IN WEIGHT
"ALUMINUM
 BARIUM
 CALCIUM
 IRON
 MAGNESIUM

 MANGANESE
 POTASSIUM
 SILICA
 SODIUM
 STRONTIUM

 ANTIMONY
 ARSENIC
 BERYLLIUM
 BISMUTH
 BORON

 CADMIUM
 CHROMIUM
 COBALT
 COPPER
 LEAD
  ,050
  ,005
50,000
  ,050
15,000

  .010
 1,000
 5,000
 8,000
  ,250

 <,005
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
  .001

<1,000
  ,002
  ,002
  ,005
  ,003
  t050
  ,050
50,000
  fOlO
20,000

  ,003
 5,000
 5fOOO
10,000
  .250

 <,005
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
  .030

<1,000
  ,010
  .050
  ,010
  .010
                            .003
                            ,002
                          50,000
                          •  ,030
                          15,000

                            ,003
                           <,100
                           8,000
                           2,000
                            ,250

                           <,00f>
                          <1,000
                          <1,000
                          <1,000
                            ,003

                          
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATEH SAMPLES PROM

                    MICHIGAN  S«-3   ,  MI
SAMPLE NO.   WELL  1
WELL 3 BKG  SUPPLY W.   NORTH  WELL
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
'!' IT A N ! U M

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
Z I NC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COppER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
'X'TROSCOPY RESULTS
OF OXIDES
REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT.)





<
<

<
<
<
*
»
,
<,
,
1.
1 .
*
1,
1.
It
UUANT







3






*
,
< ,
1 .
f
»
«
1.
,
f
*
f
,
»
002
003
OOb
001
002
000
000
150
000
000
000
ITATIVE
00
00
01
faO
23
03
00
00
10
00
00
00
00
00
t
,
.
<.
f
<1f

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   MICHIGAN S-3   , Ml
SAMP],E NO,   WELL 1      WELL 3 HfcC  SUPPLY W,   NORTH WELL
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE          ,2200       ,1200       ,1100       ,1400
CYANIDE          
-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   MICHIGAN s-3    ,  MI



                    SAMPLE WELL  1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS PRESENT  fN UUANTITIES <,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:<,01, LIGHT VOLATIl,ES:
-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES PROM

                    MICHIGAN  s-3    ,  MI



                    SAMPLE HELL  3  BKG
               ORGANICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
CHI,URINATED PHENOLS PRESENT TN QUANTITIES  <,OOJ
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:<,01, LIGHT V[)t,ATlLESt
-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATEH  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MICHIGAN S-3    , MI



                    SAMPLE SUPPLY  W,
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<,Q01
PESTICTOKS
CHLOHINATKD PHENOLS PHESENT IN QUANTITIES <.001
VOLATILES
HEAVY UHGANICS:<.01i LIGHT VOLATlLES <1
                          KEMAHKS


SITE ACCEPTED TKEATED HINSE WATEK KRf)M PICKLING SOLUTION


SAMPLE CLEAR


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  120 ET


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREAS  700 FT
                           A-157

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   MICHIGAN  S«-3    ,  MI



                    SAMPLE NORTH  WELL
               UHGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
CHI-URINATED PHENOLS PRESENT  IN QUANTITIES  <,00i
VOLATILES
HEAVY OKGANICS{
-------
              ANALYSTS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   MICHIGAN S-4    , MI



SAMPLK NO,   HOILKR W,   SERVICE W.  NOHTH WELL
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATKH TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYCtN
LAGOON
GROUND
10/5/76
14:00
13.9
7.b
LAGUUN
GKUUNI)
10/b/7()
13:30
10.2
7.6
LAGOON
GROUND
10/5/76
10:30
15.7
7.3
460
440
2200
 EMISSION SPDCTKOSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
bARUJM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNKSIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STR()NTjUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
HORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,010
,010
50,000
,ObO
20,000
,005

-------
              ANALYSIS UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                   MICHIGAN  S<-4    ,  MI



SAMPLE NO,   BOILER W.   SERVICE W,   NORTH WELL
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF'  OXIDES  REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT  (CON'JT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINc
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
,002
,001
,003

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES FROM

                   MICHIGAN S-4    , MI



SAMPLfc! NO,   BOILEK W,   SEKV1CE W,  NOHTH WELL
               G4 AND G5 GKOUP HESULTS, MG/L
(•'LUOHIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEHCUHY
ARSENIC
SELENIUM
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,1500
  ,0100
  ,0100
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 
-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                   MICHIGAN  S»4    »  MI



                    SAMPLt; HOILER  W,
               ORGANICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCliS
PESTICIDES
CHMJKINATEO PHENOLS PRESENT  IN  QUANTITIES  <,001
VOLATH.ES
HEAVY QHGANlCS:
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    MICHIGAN S-4   » MI



                     SAMPLE SERVICE W,



                UHGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
 PCHS
 <,OOJ
 PESTICIDES
 CHLORINATED  PHUNULS  PHKSENT IN QUANTITIES <,001
 VULATILES
 HEAVY  (.)HGANlCS:
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  FROM


                   MICHIGAN S-4    ,  MI
                           NORTH WELL
               UHGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<,oot
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS PRESENT  IN QUANTITIES <»OOJ
VOLATILES
HEAVY OHGANICS:<,01, LIGHT VfJLATI L^S: <1
                          REMARKS



SITE ACCEPTE'D EEELUENT CONTAINING MERCURY



SAMPLE SJLTy



MONITOR WELL NORTH



TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  14 ET



DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREA:  150 ET
                           A-164

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES EROM

                    MICHIGAN  S-5   ,  MI
SAMPLE NO.
                   1 BKG   WE|,L  2
          WELL  3
           WELL 4
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER  TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IE 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LAGOON
GROUND
10/b/7h
16:30
10.8
7,8
LAGOON
GROUND
10/6/76
14:45
12.1
7.2
LAGOON
GROUND
10/fa/76
10:00
14.0
7.7
LAGOON
GROUND
10/6/76
11:00
12.9
7,2
               2bO
530
3125
1750
          SPtCTHOSCOPY  HKSULTS  OK  OXIDtS  HEPOKTED IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM
UAH1UM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
                 ,050
                 ,001
               50,000
                 ,050
               15,000

                 .005
                <,100
               10,000
                 ,500
                 ,250
               <1.000
               <1 ,000
               <1,000
                 ,010

               <1,000
                 ,010
                 ,002
                 ,010
                 .003
 1,000
  .005
50,000
  ,030
15.000

  ,150
 3,000
10,000
10.000
  ,250

 <,005
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
  ,010

<1 ,000
  ,005
  .002
  .010
  .003
   ,001
  <,001
 50.000
   ,001
  3.000

   .001
   .100
   ,020
 20,000
   ,020

 <1 ,000
 <1,000
 <1,000
 <1 ,000
  <,001

 <1,000
   .001
   ,001
   ,005
   ,010
   .002
 <1,000
 50,000
   ,020
  3.000

   .030
  5.000
  1 ,000
 15,000
   ,250

 <1 ,000
 <1,000
 <1,000
 <1 ,000
   ,100

 <1 ,000
   ,001
   .001
   .001
   .001
                            A-165

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM




                   MICHIGAN S-5   , MI
SAMPLE NO,
WELL 1 BKG  WELL 2
WELL 3
WELL 4
KM I SSI ON SPEC

MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SIl.VKH
T I N
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM-
TROSCOPY

.002
,003
,001
<,001
,002
<1,000
<1,000
,020
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES  FROM

                   MICHIGAN S-5    , MI
SAMPLE NU§   WELL IfiKG   WELL 2
                     WELL 3
                     WELL  4
               G4 AND G5 GKOUP RESULTS, MG/L
KLUOKI.DE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEHCUKY
AHSEN1C

CHKOMIUMtb
SELK,NI|..|M
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLOHIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,1100
 <»0050
  ,0200
 <,000b
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
13.000
32,000
12,000

 9,000
  ,020
 1 ,000
 1,700
  .8500
 <,0050
  ,0300
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
  ,0200
bO.OOO
64,000
10,000

11,000
  ,110
12,000
34,000
   2,0000
   <,0050
    ,0100
   <,0005
   <,0300

   <,0100
   <,0100
  90,000
  41,000
  2H,000

1321,000
    .010
   4,200
 H30.000
  2,1000
   ,0400
   ,3400
  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK WATE»< SAMPLES PROM

                    MICHIGAN  S-5   , MI



                     SAMPLE WK.LL i  BKG
               ORGAN1CS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<.001
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS  PRESENT  IN  QUANTITIES <.001
VOI.ATII.ES
HKAVY OHGANlCSKf01f  LIGHT  VOLATIL^S:<1 ,APX .05 OK AN
C
SITE ACCEPTED 1,1 (HUD WASTE CONTAINING  AL,CD,CR,CN f


SAMPLE CLOUDY


MOM I TO H WE LI, 1, BACKGROUND


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  46 ET


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AHEA;   300  FT
                           A-168

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK WATER SAMPLES FHOM

                    MICHIGAN  S-b   ,  MI



                     SAMPLE WELL 'I
               ORGAN1CS  GROUP  RESULTS/  MG/L
PCBS
<.00t
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS  PRESENT  Jfl  QUANTITIES 
-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                   MICHIGAN  S-S    ,  MJ



                    SAMPLE WKLL  3
               ORGAN|CS GHUUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<.00l
PESTICIDES
CHLORINATED PHENOLS PRESENT  IN QUANTITIES  <,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANlCS: FT
                           A-170

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   MICHIGAN  S-b    ,  MI



                    SAMPLE WELL  4
               ORGAN ICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PChS
<.001
PESTICIDES
TOTAL UK .003 CHLORINATED PHENOLS
VOLATTLES
HEAVY OHGANICSK.Ol , l\G\\1
                          REMARKS

SAMPLE SMELLS OK SULKUH AND/OR  IRUN  (FUEL OIL?),FOAMED  IN  HU
CKET,KUAMED UPON FILTRATION

SITE ACCEPTED LIQUID WASTE CONTAINING AL,CD,CR,CN,ZN

SAMPLE CLOUDY, 1,1 GUT GREENISH TINT

MONITOR WELL 4

TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  '30 FT

DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  75 FT
                           A-171

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FHOM

                   NEW HAMP, S-l   , NH
SAMPLE NO,   HKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPK
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
          WELL 2
           WELL 3
LANDKIbL
GHOIIND
11/8/76
14:00
8fO
6,1
LANDK1LL
GROUND
ll/B/76
14:00
10,0
5, fa
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/8/76
16:30
6,0
6,5
400
2016
U57
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY KESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HAHHIM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
DERYLLIUM
UISMUTH
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,003
,001
50,000
,010
1,000
,010
,200
3,000
15,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW HAMP, S-l   ,  NH
SAMPLE NO,   HKG
         WELL 2
           WELL 3
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY HESULTS UP OXIDES REPORTED
                         PERCENT (CONT.)
                                   IN WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
,003
,003
.002
<,001
<,001
<1 ,000
<,001
<,001
<,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
<,OOJ
,005
,020
,002

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   NEW HAMP,  S»l   ,  NH



SAMPLE NO,,   BKG         WKLL 2       WELL  3
               G4 AND G5 .GROUP RESULTS*  MG/L
KLUOKIDE          ,ObOO        ,1200        ,0900
CYANIDE           ,0010        ,0050       <,0050
PHENOLS           ,0020        ,3200        ,0050
MEKCIJRY          <.000b      <,000b       <,0005
ARSENIC          <,OJOO        ,1200       <,0300

CIIHUMlUM + b       <,0100      <,0100        ,0000
SELENIUM         <,0100        ,0300        ,2500
SULK Alt;         11,000       4,200         ,000
CALCIUM         33,000     1'JO.OOO         ,000
MAGNESIUM        3,400      3b,000         ,000

CHLORIDE        83,000      32.000         ,000
PHOSPHATE         .040         ,010         ,000
POTASSIUM        2,000      14,000         ,000
SODIUM          37,000      H7.000         ,000
                           A-171*

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES PROM

                    NEW HAMP,  S-l  ,  NH




                     SAMPLE BKG
               ORGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <.ooi


PESTICIDES
VOLATll.ES
HKAVY ORGANICS: <,01f  LIGHT  VOLATlLESj
                           REMARKS



SAMPLE CLEAR



ISACKGROUNI) WEia,



TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  2b KT



DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:   1500  ET
                           A-175

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  PROM

                   NEW HAMP,  SM   ,  Nil




                    SAMPLE WELL  2
FCHS
               ORGANICS GRI.1UP RESULTS,  MG/L
               , COMPOUNDS PRESENT 
-------
               ANALYSIS  (IF  WATKH SAMPLES FROM


                    NF.W  IIAMP,  S-l   » Nh




                     SAMPLE  WELL 3
                ORGAN ICS GROUP  RESULTS* MG/L


PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,ooi



<,boi
VUI,ATII,t;S
HKAVY UHGAN1CS:   FT



DlSTANCt FROM  DISPOSAL ARtA:  2bO  FT
                            A-177

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KHQM

                   NK.W DAMP,  S-2   ,  NH
SAMPLE NO,
WELL 3 HKG  WELL 1
          WELL 2
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIMK
TEMPKRATURE
Pll

LANDK I LI-
GROUND
11/9/76
12:30
H,0
6,1

LANDKILL
GROUND
11/9/76
13:30
7,0
5,5

LANDFILL
GROUND
11/9/76
11:00
10.0
5,6
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVE!)
 OXYGEN
  174
590
1856
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED
                         PERCENT
                                     IN WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
AKSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
HORON
CADMIUM
CUHOMIllM
COHAJ.T
COPPER
LEAD
,020
,050
50,000
,010
2,000
,100
,500
3,000
5,000
1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
.005
<1,000
,003
<,001
,030
,001
8,000
,250
10,000
5,000
1,500
,200
3,000
50,000
5,000
1,000
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW HAMP, S»2  , NH
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 3 HKG  WELL 1
       WELL 2
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CONT,)
MOLYHUENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES KRUM

                   NEW  DAMP,  S-2  ,  Nil
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 3 HKG  WELL  1
                     WELL 2
               G4 AND Gb GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
KL1IORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROM1UM+6
SEI.ENIl.lM
HULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SOI).HIM
  »ObOO
 <,0050
  ,0060
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
IP. 000
14,000
 2.600

 8.000
   040
   ,0600
  <,OObO
   ,0100
  <,0005
  <»0300      
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW DAMP, S-2   , NH



                    SAMPLE WELL 3  BKG
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<,OOJ
PESTICIDES
<»001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANrCS: <,01,LIGHT VOLATILESj <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED TANNERy WASTE,PLASTICS,OTHER INDUSTRIAL


BACKGROUND WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH: W FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  4000 FT
                           A-181

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NKW HAMPS S-2   t  NH



                    SAMPLE WELL  1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCUS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PtSTIClDKS
<,001
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY ORGAN1CSJ <,01, LIGHT VOLATILESt 5,6
                          REMARKS


NEAR TANNERY WASTES


SAMPLE TURK 11)


MONITOR WELL I, LEACHATE


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  10 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                          A-182

-------
               ANALYSIS OE WATER SAMPLES  EHOM

                    NEW MAMP, S-2   , NH



                     SAMPLE WKL1. 2
                UHGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCliS
,002  AS  TOTAJ,  PCH'S,  OT||KH KLh'CTHONfc'-GATJVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT
  <,001

PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATILE^
HVY OlAPX  ,2b  PHEN()LS,OTIIEKS
-------
              ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW  JERSEY  S«l  ,  NJ
SAMPLE NUt   WIRING  1
DISPOSAL
 TYPK
WATER
DATK SAMPLKl)
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
           WELL I I5KG  WELL  3
LAGOON
GROUND
7/2b/76

17.0
6,5
LAGOON
GHOUNI)
B/fa/76



LAGOON
GROUND
10/28/76
12:20


1300
 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY HESULTS OF  OXIDES  HF.PORTEI) IN WEIGHT
                         PEHCENT
ALUMINUM
fJAIUUM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STHONT.IUM
ANTIMONY
AHSENIC
HKRYLLiUM
IlISMIITH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
C OH ALT
COPPER
LEAD
3,000
<«001
3,000
5,000
• 100
,050
<,100
50,000
,000
,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
,005
<1 ,000
,005
,005
,010
• 002
5,000
<,001
10,000
,300
,750
,010
8,000
5,000
50,000
*050
<1,000
<1,000

-------
             ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                  NEW JERSEY S-l , NJ
      NO,
BORING 1
WELL 1 BKG  WELL 3
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                        PERCENT (CUNT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,000
.005
<1 ,000
,002
,200
<} .000
<1,000
2,000
<1,000
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW JERSEY S-l  , NJ
SAMPLE NO.
hORING 1
WELL I BKG  WELL
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CIIROMIllM + b
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNKSIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
     ,0700
     ,0000
     ,0000
    <,0005
    <,03QO

    <,0100
     ,0000
     ,000
     ,000
     ,000

     ,000
     .000
     ,000
     ,000
     ,1200
    <,0050
     ,0000
    <,0005
    <,0300

    <,oioo
     ,0400
   99,000
    9,000
    8,000

   12,000
    
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  KROM

                   NKW JERSEY S-»  ,  NJ



                    SAMPLE BORING  1
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
ELECNGTV CMPDS PRESENT ,001-.003,MAYBE PBB OR ALKYLATED CHIO
HUB1PMENYL

PESTICIDES
<.001
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED LIUUID CHEMICAL WASTE


WATER STANDING IN CASTNG,POSSIBLE CAUSE OK HIGH zN 4 KE


ZN INTERKKRENCK ON NA20 ANALYSIS,1NTERKERENCE ON SE ALSO


TOTAL WELL DEPTH?  4« KT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 KT
                           A-187

-------
<,001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VULAT1LES
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KHOM

                   NEW JERSEY  S-l  ,  NJ



                    SAMPLE WELL  1  BKG
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS^  MG/L
                          REMARKS
HACKGROUND WELL
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  HO KT
DISTANCE KHOM UISPOSAI- AREA:  950 KT
                           A-188

-------
PCliS
PESTICIDES
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JERSEY' S-l , NJ



                     SAMPLE WELL 3
                ORGANJCS  GROUP RESULTS, MCI/L
VOLATIF.ES
HEAVY
             'S:  <,01,  MGHT VULATILESj
                           REMARK'S
SAMPLE CLEAR
TOT A I, WELL DEPTH:   4S  FT
DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL  AREA:   500 ET
                           A-189

-------
               ANALYSIS W WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JERSEY S-2 ,  NJ
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  2  BKG  WELL 1
 DISPOSAL
  TYPE         LANDKILL     LANDEILL
 WATEH TYPE    GROUND       GROUND
 DATE SAMPLED  H/5/7b       8/5/76
 TJME
 TEMPERATURE      J7,B         tb,6
 PH                5,8          7,2
 SPECIFIC
  CONDUCTANCE    430          290
 DISSOLVED
  OXYGEN

  EMISSION SPECTKOSCOPY  RESULTS UK  OXIDES  REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HAHIIIM
CALCIUM
IHON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
lUSMUTH
HORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COHALT
COPPER
LEAD
 5,000
  ,100
50,000
  ,500
 3,000

  ,100
  ,100
15,000
 2,500
 1 ,000

<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
  ,003


-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES EHOM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S«-2  ,  NJ
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 2BKG    WELL  1
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS  OK  OXIDES  REPORTED
                         PERCENT  (CONT.)
                        IN  WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
,001
,00b
<,001
<1 ,000
,100
<1 ,000
<,001
<,001
<,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
                              ,001
                              ,020
                            <*ooi
                           
-------
 ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

      NEW JERSEY S-2 , NJ
SAMPLE NO,
WKLI, 2 BKG  WELL 1
  G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CURUMIUM-fb
SELENIUM
SULFATfe:
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
                  ,3300
                 <,OObO
                 <,0010
                 <,0005
                 <,0300

                 5,000
               10,000

               48,000
                <,003
               11,000
               lb,000
              A-192

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NK.W JERSEY S-2 ,  NJ



                     SAMPLE WELL 2 BKG



                ORGANJCS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC IKS
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES




                           REMARKS


SAMPLE TURD ID


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  60 KT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:   400  KT



BACKGROUND WELL
                           A-193

-------
I'CHS
<»001
PESTICJDKS

-------
               ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JERSEY S-3 , NJ
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 1      WELL 2      WELL 3      WELL 4


DISPOSAL
 TYPE        COMBINATION COMBINATION COMBINATION COMBINATION
WATER TYPE   GROUND      GROUND      GROUND      GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 6/21/76     6/21/76     6/22/76     6/22/76
TIME           13:45       16:25       10:40       12:45
PH               7.2         7.1         7.7         7.2
TDS,MG/L      10,360      13,570       4,830       9,860
HARDNESS
CAC03,MG/L     1,540       2,150       1,570       1,730


 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF ELEMENTS REPORTED IN MG/L
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
SILICON
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
34
110
11
170
4.
11
1,600

-------
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OP ELEMENTS REPORTED  IN  MG/L
                          (CONT.)
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
 <4.7
 <1.4
 <4.7
   12
   <0.79
   <0.79
   19
   <0.79
   <2.6
 <4.5
 <1.4
 <4.5
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
                         <0.79
                         <0.79
                         <0.79
                         <0.79
                         <7-9
                         <0.79
                OTHER CONSTITUENTS, MG/L
AMMONIA-N
NITRATE-N
ORGANIC-N
SULFATE
CHLORIDE
7.9
0.34
1.4
240
4,270
30.4
0.15
14.9
420
4,670
                         74.4
                          0.31
                         23.4
                         65.8
                      1,740
                             8.28
                             0.07
                             0.35
                           420
                         •4,670
PHENOL
CYANIDE
ALKALINITY
  0.136
  0.05
670
    0.034
   <0.02
1,120
    0.138
   <0.02
2,050
  0.026

840
  ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, DETECTED (+) AND NOT DETECTED  (-)
TOLUENE           +
XYLENES           +
ALKYL BENZENES    +
C4 ALCOHOL
METHYL ETHYL
 KETONE
CAMPHOR
NAPHTHALENE
BENZENE           +
                            A-194B

-------
               ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JERSEY  S-3,  NJ
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 1
        WELL 2
         WELL 3
         WELL 4
TOTAL WELL
 DEPTH, FT
 40
 26
 24
 28
DISTANCE TO
DISPOSAL AREA,
 FT
180
380
215
300
                            A-194C

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES PROM

                    NEW JERSEY S-3  , NJ
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 5
WELL 6 BKG  WELL 8
         RIVER
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
PH
TDS, MG/L
HARDNESS
CAGO3,MG/L
COMBINATION COMBINATION COMBINATION
GROUND      GROUND      GROUND      SURFACE
                        6/23/76     6/23/76
                          14:00       10:45
                            7.2         7-3
                          7,580       4,320
6/23/76
11:30
5.9
210
6/23/76
09:50
4.7
140
   78.3
   34.7
36.7
430
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF ELEMENTS REPORTED IN MG/L
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
SILICON
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
42
<14
120
22
180
<4

-------
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY .RESULTS OF ELEMENTS REPORTED  IN MG/L
                          (CONT.)
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
 <4.5
<0.19
 0.31
<0.66
<0.19
<0.66
<3.4
<1.0
 3.4
 0.84
 2.8
<1.2
 3.4
10
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
             <0.19
             <0.19
             <0.19
             <0.19
             <1.9
             <0.19
                         <0.35
                          1.2
                         11
                         11
                         14
                         <0.35
                OTHER CONSTITUENTS, MG/L
AMMONIA-N
NITRATE-N
ORGANIC-N
SULFATE
CHLORIDE
  0.56
  2.43
  5.39
110
 60.5
0.39
1.18
0.19
36.2
120
7.10
0.68
8.16
200
3,650
2.26
2.28
0.08
1,960
940
PHENOL
CYANIDE
ALKALINITY
 15-7
 1.61
 0.001
<0.02
67
 0.002

58.7
   ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, DETECTED (+), AND NOT DETECTED  (-)
TOLUENE
XYLENES
ALKYL BENZENES
C4 ALCOHOL
METHYL ETHYL
 KETONE
CAMPHOR
NAPHTHALENE
BENZENE
                             A-194E

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                    NEW JERSEY S-3, NJ
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 5      WELL 6      WELL  8
                                 RIVER
TOTAL WELL
 DEPTH, FT
18
 14
  17      NOT APPLICABLE
DISTANCE TO
DISPOSAL AREA,
 FT
90
450
1500      NOT APPLICABLE
                             A-194F

-------
              ANALYSIS  OK  WATEH  SAMPLES FROM

                    NKW  vJKRSEY  S-4  ,  NJ
SAMPLE Nil.   WELL  1
            WELL  3 BKG   POWDER
                         WELL  2
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPfc!
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
I' ISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LA(!OON
GROUND
b/4/76

   1 2 , W
    4.6

  220
LAGOON
GROUND
8/4/7b

   14,4
    4,b

   60
LAGOON
SOIL
8/4/76
LAGOON
GHOUND
8/4/76
 EMISSION SPECTKOSCUPY RESULTS UF  OXIDES  HEPOKTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIIIM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLUIJM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
(M)HALT
COPPER
LEAD
H, 000
,7'jQ
50,000
2,000
10,000
,2bO
1 ,000
25,000
Jb.OOO
,2bO
<1 ,000
<\ ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,ObO
<1 ,000
,030
,010
,ObO
.002
8,000
,250
10,000
2,000
5,000
,500
2,000
50,000
10.000
,050
<1 .000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,050
<1 ,000
,050
.050
,500
,050
                                          .000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000

                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000

                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          .000
                                          .000
                                          ,000

                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          ,000
                                          .000
                                          ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000

                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000

                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000

                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                                         ,000
                           A-195

-------
ANALYSIS W WATEK SAMPLES KKDM




     NEW JEHSEY S*4 , NJ
SAMPLE NO,
EMISSION SPH:

MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZJKCflNlUM
GEHMANIUM
TELMIHIUM

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPEK
IKON, TUT A I.
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HAMIUM
HfcHYl.LJUM
COHALT
MOLYHD^NUM
TIN
VANADIUM
WKH. 1
:CTHOSCOPY

<,001
,100
,001

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATKH SAMPLES  FHOM

                   NEW JERSEY s-4  , NJ
NO,
             WELL 1
WELL 3 BKG  POWDER
            WELL 2
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
KLUOKIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CHROMIUM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATK
CALCIUM
MAGNESUIM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
           ,0900
          <,0050
           .0200
          <,0005
          <,0300

          <,0100
           f2400
         <1,000
         12,000
          3,bOO

         49,000
          <(003
          1,300
         18,000
     ,1800
    <,0050
     ,0200
    <,0005
    <,0300

    <,0100
     ,1000
    9,500
    1 .BOO
    2,bOO

    7,000
    <.003
     ,fat)0
    1.900
     ,0000
     ,0000
     ,0000
     ,0000
     ,0000

     ,0000
     ,0000
10000,000
 3900,000
     ,000

19500,000
     ',000
  220,000
 5600,000
,0000
,0000
.0000
.0000
.0000

,0000
,0000
,000
,000
,000

,000
.000
,000
,000
                           A-197

-------
               ANALYSIS OE WATER SAMPLERS  FROM

                    NEW JERSEY S«4  ,  NJ



                     SAMPLE WKLI, i
                ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L



Pt'HS
PESTICIDES
<.00t
V()I,ATIl,b:S
                           RtMARKS
INDHSTHFAL MUUID  WASTE DISPOSAL



SAMPLE  EAIRLY CLEAR



TUTAL WELL DEPTH:   t>3  ET



DISTANCE EHUM DISPOSAL AREA:   120 ET
                         A-198

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S-4  ,  NJ




                    SAMPLE  WELL  3  BKG
               URGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCDS
<.001
PESTICIDES
 KT



DISTANCE ERUM DISPOSAL AREA:  850 FT



BACKGROUND WELL
                           A-199

-------
pens
PESTICIDES
VOLATILES
              ANALYSIS UK WATEH SAMPLES  KHOM




                   NKW JKHSEY S-4  , NJ









                    SAMPLE POWDEK
               OKGANICS GHOUP HESULTS, MG/L
                          HEMAHKS
LAGOON WATEH CONTAINS 1200 MG/L CH
SAMPLE OK WHITE PUWUEH
INTEHKEHENCE UN SE ANALYSIS,RESULTS AHE SOLUBLE VALUES
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLICABLE
DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AHEAl  0 KT
                           A-200

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK WATEH SAMPLES  KKDM

                    NEW  JEKSE'Y S-4 , NJ



                     SAMPLE  WELL 2
                (JFUiANICS  CH(HIF> RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
.001, PCB  HKl,ATfc:i) C(.)MFUUND
VIJLATILES
4 OHC.ANIC  SULVKNTS PKKStNT,  APX 200 MG/L TOTAL
                            KKMAHKS
CfltMlCAL
SAMl'Lt TUHIUD,  HRIGHT
TUTAI, WELL  DEPTH;  20 ET
 [STANCE  EHOM  DISPOSAL AHEA:   100 FT
                            A-201

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW JERSEY s-s  ,  NJ
SAMPLE Nil,   WELL 1-1)
WELL t-S
                                      WELL  2  BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDFILL
WATER TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED H/2/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE     13,3
PI!               7,5
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   100
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDFILL
GROUND
8/2/76
15,6
7.2
LANDFTLI
GROUND
B/2/76
13,3
7.6
                           210
              110
 EMISSION SPECTRUSCUPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
1 ,000
t020
15,000
1,000
1,000
,050
1 ,000
50,000
2,000
,200
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 .000
.003
<,001
,003
<1 ,000
,500
,150
50,000
2,000
2,500
,100
5,000
5,000
10,000
1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,oot
<1 ,000
,001
<,00l
,001
<1,000
1,000
.020
10,000
1,000
1,000
,030
1,000
50.000
3,000
,100
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.003
<1 ,000
,005
,001
,005
<1 ,000
                           A-202

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM




                   NEW JERSEY  S-5  ,  NJ
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 1-D
WELL 1-S
WELL 2 HKG
EMISSION

MOLYHUENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

CADMIUM
CIlHOMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTA
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HARIUM
HERYLL1UM
C Oh ALT
MOLYMDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
SPECTROSCOPY

<1,000
,002
<1,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1,000
<,001
,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
UUANTITATI
<,01
<,01
< ,01
L 1,70
,01
<,03
<, 10
,02
<,10
,00
<,01
<,03
Cl.OO
<.OB
RESULTS OF OXIDES
PERCENT (CONT,)
<1,000 <1
,001
<1.000 <1

-------
              ANALYSIS UK'  WATKK  SAMPLES FROM

                   NKW JKKSKY  S-5  ,  NJ



SAMPLE N0f   WELL 1<-D    WELL  1-S     WELL  2 BKG
G4 AND G5
                                HESULTS,  MG/L
KUWKIDE
CYANIUK
PIIKNOLS
MtHCUHY
AHSKN1C

CHHllMlUM + 6
SKLENIUM
CALCIUM
MAGNKS1UW
I'HOSpMATt
POTASSIUM
SUDII.JM
  <,0050
   ,0400
  
-------
               ANALYSIS UF WATER SAMPLED FROM

                    NKW JERSEY S-5 , NJ



                     SAMPLE WELL 1»D
               ORGANICS  CJRUIJP RESULTS, MG/L
PChS
<.001
PKSTJCJDKS
<,001
VOLATJLES
                           KKMAHKS
SITK ACCEPTED MIXED  INDUSTRIAL  &  MUNICIPAL WASTE
SAMPLE CLEAR
TOTAL WELL DEPTHS  i>5 FT
DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL  AREA:   1150  FT
                          A-205

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S-5  ,  NJ
                            WELL  1-S
               ORGANJCS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<,001    SEE REMARKS
PESTICIDES
<.001    SEE REMARKS
VOLATILES





                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED .MIXED INDUSTRIAL & MUNICIPAL WASTE


SAMPLE CLEAR


2 ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT,NOT PESTICIDE OR  PCBfAPP
X ,001 & ,004

TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  J2 KT


DISTANCE KRUM DISPOSAL AREA:  1150 KT
                           A-206

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATEK  SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  JERSEY 'S-5  ,  NJ



                    SAMPLE  WELL  2  BKG
               HIUJANICS  GKOUP  KESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.OOJ
VULATILES




                           REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED MIXED  INDUSTRIAL  & MUNICIPAL  WASTE


SAMPLE TIJRHID


BACKGROUND WELL


TUTAL WELL DEPTH:  4b FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                           A-207

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S-6  ,  Nk]
SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  1
          WELL 2
           WELL 3 BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LAND KILL
GROUND
8/3/76
14,4
7,<>
LANDFILL
GROUND
H/2/76
17,2
6,6
LANDFILL
GROUND
8/3/76
14,4
4.5
1HO
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
2000
        RESULTS OF
          PERCENT
145
        OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
HISMIJTU
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBAJ.T
COPPER
LEAD
2,000
,001
3,000
,250
,200
.003
<,100
15,000
.200
,003
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
,002
<1,000
,005
<,001
,002
<.001
2,000
,002
5,000
2,500
,750
,050
,250
50,000
1,000
,050
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,005

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KRUM




                   NEW JERSEY  S-6  ,  NJ
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3 BKG
EMISSION

MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPER
IRON, TUT A
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
SPECTROSCOPY

<»001
,001
<,001
<1.000
• 2bO
<1 ,000
,001
<,001
,002
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
OUANTITATI
<.OJ
<,01
<,01
L , 2 1
,01
<,03
< , 10
,36
<,10
,00
< , 0 1
<,03
<1,00
<,OH
RESULTS OK OXIDES
PERCENT (CUNT,)
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   NKW JERSEY S-b , NJ
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
          WELL 2
          WELL 3 HKC
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUOHIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
ARSENIC

CHKOMIUM-»b
SELENIUM
SULEATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  i,jooo
  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER SAMPLES KROM




                    NKW  JKRStY  S-6 , NJ









                     SAMPLK  Wt'l.L 1
                ORGAN J.CS GKOUP  HfcSULTS, MG/L
PCHS
VHI.ATILKS
                           HEMAHKS
SOI,ID AND  LIQUID JNDDSTKIAL WASTKS
SAMPLE-! TURHID
TOTAL WfclLL  Dfc:PTH:   40 KT
DISTANCE KHOM  DISPOSAL AHKA:  faOO  KT
                            A-211

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW JEKSEY S-6 , NJ



                    SAMPLE WELL 2
               ORGAN ICS GROUP HKSULTS, MG/L
PC US
<,001
PtSTlCIDKS
TKACt OUANTITltS KLKCTRUNtGATIVK COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
2 ORGANlCS PRESENTS ! . 2 & 2,9



                          REMARKS


CHEMICAL ODUR


SITE ACCEPTED LIQUID & SOLID INDUSTRIAL WASTES


SAMPLE DISCOLORED


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  4 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  300 FT
                           A-212

-------
PC'hS
<.00l
               ANALYSIS OK WATKR  SAMPLES FROM




                     NKW JF.RSFY S-t>  ,  NJ









                      SAMPLE WF.LL  3  HKG
                OKGANICS (WHIP KKSULTS,  MG/L
                            HKMARKS
INDUSTRIAL
SlTt ACCtiPTKI) S'H,I!)  &
SAMPLK  TUlMil!)
BACKGHUUNI)  WtLI,
TOTAL WfciLL  DL'PTH:   2b  FT
DFSTANCI-J  FROM DISPOSAL  ARfclA:  bO FT
                             A-213

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW JERSEY S-7  ,  NJ
             BKG
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
SAMPLE Nl).
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PM
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
 EMISSION SPECTRUSCUPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
LAC;OON
GROUND
10/28/76
13:45
LAGOON
GROUND
10/28/76
14:50
LAGOON
GROUND
10/28/76
14:30
LAGOON
GROUND
10/28/76
15:10
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,200
,250
50,000
5,000
20,000
1.000
,200
10.000
5,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,030
<1 ,000
,010
,003
,010
<,001
,100
,100
50,000
,100
H,000
,010
,250
5,000
5,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
< 1,000
<1,000
,005
<1 ,000
,002
,010
,010
,001
3,000
,001
20,000
,010
2,000
,050
,250
50,000
5,000
,100
<1,000
<1,000
<1 .000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   NEW JEKSEY s-7  , NJ
SAMPLE Nd,
 KM I SSI UN
MOLYhDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESK
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COHALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADjUM
CTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES
REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT.)
<1.000
,00!5
.003
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000
<1,000
,00b
<1 ,000

-------
ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES EROM

     NEW JERSEY S-7 , NJ
SAMPLE NO,   tiKG
WELL 1
WELL 2
                                   WELL 3
 G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUOHIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEHCIJKY
ARSENIC

CHRUMUIM + b
SELENIUM
SULEATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
 ,0000
<,0050
 ,0200
<.OOOS
<,0300

<,0100
 .0100
 ,000
2,700
 ,500

 ,000
 ,000
 ,380
9,600
                             <,0200
                             <,0050
                              ,0300
                             <,0005
                             <,0300

                             <,0100
                             <,0100
                            15,000
                            13,000
                             1,900

                            10,000
                              ,020
                              ,790
                             6,700
                 ,0600
                <.0050
                 ,00«0
                <,0005
                <,0300

                <,0100
                <,0100
               60,000
               20,000
                5,300

               48,000
                 ,009
                5,000
               35,000
                                        ,0800
                                       
-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES EROM


                    NEW JERSEY S-7 , NJ
               ORGANICS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L



PChS
              E COMPOUNDS  PRESENT 
-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JKKSKY S-7 ,  NJ



                     SAMPL&  WELL 1
               ORGANICS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICSJ 
-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES KRHM

                    NEW JERSEY S-7 , NJ



                     SAMPLE WELL 2
                ORCANICS CROUP KKSULTS, MG/I,
              t: COMPOUNDS PHKSENT <,001
<.001
VOLATILtS
HEAVY OKCANICS:  <,01,  LICIHT VOl.ATILKS
                           REMARKS


SAMPLE CLEAR


TUTAL WELL DEPTH:  APPROXIMATELY 25 FT.


DISTANCE EMOM DISPOSAL  AREA;   APPROXIMATELY 700 FT.
                           A-219

-------
              ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW  JERSEY  S*7  r  NJ



                    SAMPLE  WELL  3
               ORGANICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC US
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT 
-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW JERSEY S-B  , NJ
NO.
             WELL 8
WELL 1 BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        LANDFILL    LANDFILL
WATER TYPE   GROUND      GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 12/21/76    12/21/76
TIME            13130       15100
TEMPERATURE     13,5        J3f0
PH               b.8         6*5
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE  3500          89
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN           ,02         ,03

 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,010
,001
50,000
1 ,000
8,000
,100
t250
,030
10,000
,050
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1,000
,001
,003
,001
<1 ,000
5,000
,010
50,000
2,000
8,000
,100
,150
15,000
5,000
,150
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
,030
<1,000
,020
<,001
,003
<1 ,000
                           A-221

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   NEW JERSEY S-B , NJ
SAMPLE ND,   WELL H
WELL 1BKG
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
T 1 N
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
V A N A D 1. 1) M
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1,000 <1,000
<,001 ,010
,001 ,002
< 1.000 < 1.000
<,001 ,050
<1,000 <
<1,000 <
<.ooi
<1,000 <
<1,000 <

-------
ANALYSIS OK WATEK  SAMPLES KHOM

     NEW JEHSKY  S-H  ,  NJ
SAMPi,!-; NO,   WELL  8
           WELL  1 BKG
 C4 AND G5 GKOUH RKSULTS,  MG/L
FLUOHIDt
CYANJDt
PIIKNOLS
MfciKCllRY
AHSKMI.C

CHHOMIlfM + tj
SKLKNUJM
CALCIUM
MAGNKSJ.UM

CHLURIDK
PllflSPUATK
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
                   ,1800
                  <,OObO
                   ,0070
                  <,000b
                  <,0300

                  <,0100
                   ,0100
               lbbO,000
                310,000
                390,000

                111.000
                   .070
                420,000
                550.000
                 ,1200
               <,0050
                 ,0100
               <,0005
               <,0300

               <,0100
               <,0100
              12,000
              19.000
               2,900

               fa, 000
               1,100
               3,100
             A-223

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  EROM


                    NEW  JERSEY  S-H  ,  NJ





                    SAMPLE  WELL  H
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L



PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT 
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S-H ,  NJ



                     SAMPLE  WKLL 1 BKG
               ORGAN1CS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC MS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,001
<.OU1
VIM,ATI!,ES
HEAVY ORGAM1CS: ONE  PEAK  APPX  ,01, LIGHT  VOI.ATILES: <1
                           REMARKS


VERY LITTLE ODOR


SITE ACCEPTED  INDUSTRIAL  WASTE


SAMPLE LT, TAN COLOR,VERY  LITTLE TUHhlDITY


INDUSTRIAL MONITOR ING WELL, BACKGROUND


TOTAL WKLL DKPTIC  60 KT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  2bO  KT
                           A-225

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW JERSEY S»y ,  NJ
SAMPLE  NO.    WELL  1
        WELL 2
        WELL  3
        BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPE         LAGOON       LAGOON       LAGOON      LAGOON
WATEH TYPE    GROUND       GHOIJND       GROUND      GROUND
DATE SAMPLED  2/77         2/77         2/77         2/77
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH               4.J         5.4          3.8  .        7.1
SPECK- 1C
 CONDUCTANCE   2000          BOO         1100          300
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY  RESULTS OE  OXIDES  REPORTtf.D IN WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,000
,000
.000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
.000

,000
,000
,000
.000
,000

.000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
tOOO
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
tOOO
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
.000
,000
.000

,000
.000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
                           A-226

-------
               ANALYSIS  OE  WATER  SAMPLES EROM

                    NEW  JERSEY  S-9 ,  NJ
       NO,
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
CUPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TTN
VANADjUM
iX'TROSCOPY RESULTS OE OXIDES
REPORTED
IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT,)
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
,000
QUANTITATIVE
t 00
,01
,04
3H,00
,00
,07
,00
,40
,00
,00
,22
,00
,00
,00
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
sooo
.000
,000
METALS RESULTS,
,00
< ,01 <
<.oi
17.00 19
,00
<,03 <
,00
,3H
,00
,00
.07
,00
,00
,00
,000
,000
.000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
,000
,000
MG/L
,00
.01
,17
,00
,00
,03
,00
.59
,00
,00
.05
,00
.00
,00
,000
.000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
,000
,000

.00
<,01
< . 01
1 ,90
,00
<,03
,00
.04
,00
,00
< , 01
,00
.00
,00
                           A-22?

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   NEW JERSEY S-9  ,  NJ
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
BKG
                  AND U5 GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
KLUORTDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MKRCUHY
AKSENIC

CHMOMlUM+b
SELENIUM
SULK ATE
CALCIUM
MACNESIUM
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODJU M
,0000
,0000
,ObOO
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000
020,000
4b,000
19,000
1 1 6,000
.ObO
b,800
JJO.OOO
,0000
,0000
,0300
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000
160,000
55,000
13,000
107,000
,070
4,300
100,000
,0000
,0000
.0300
,0000
,0000
.0000
,0000
230,000
50.000
13.000
203,000
,070
5,700
140,000
,0000
,0000
,0500
,0000
,0000
,0000
,0000
30,000
2b.OOQ
3,900
27,000
.090
4,800
39,000
                           A-228

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATfclK SAMPLES  KRUM

                     NKW JKHSKY S-9  ,  Nj



                     SAMPLK WELL 1
                URGANICS  GROUP KKSULTS,  MG/L


PC IIS



PKSTTC1UKS
VULATII.KS
MGHT  VULATILESI 0,3 TRICIILUHUfclTMYLfc'-NE
                            HfMAHKS


vSn't: ACCKPTKD PK:TMULt:UM  WASTK


PHODUCTIflN  WKLL


TOTAL WI-JLL  DKPTH: 156  FT.


DISTANCE KIUIM DISPOSAL AKfciA:  300 FT,
                            A-229

-------
pens
PtSTlCIDKS
               ANALYSIS OK WATEK SAMPLES  FROM

                    NEW JEHSEY S-1J , Nj




                     SAMPLE WEM, 2
                OKGAN1CS GROUP KESULTS, MG/L
VULATILKS
LIGHT V()LATl|,t:s:Ot3  THlCllLOHOKTHYLfc
                           HEMAKKS
SITK ACCKPTKO  PKTHOI.blUM  WASTt:
PKODUCTION WKLL
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:   28°  FT,
DISTANCE KKOM DISPOSAL  AHKA:   100 FT.
                            A 4230

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER .SAMPLES FROM

                    N(.;W JERSEY S-M , NJ


                     SAMPLE WELL .*
                ORCANICS CROUP RESULTS, MG/L


PC IKS



PESTICJDKS
VOLATILES
LI CUT VULATlLt;srQ,2  TR IC
                           REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED PETROLEUM  WASTE


PRODUCTION WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:   267 FT.


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  200 FT,
                           A-231

-------
pens
PKSTICIDES
VOL AT ILL'S
              ANALYSIS UK  WATEH  SAMPLES  FROM



                   NEW JERSEY  s-9  ,  NJ
                    SAMPLE
               UKGANICS GHOUP RESULTS,  MG/L
                          KEMAHKS
S.TTE ACCKPTE»> PETHULEUM WASTE
BACKGHUUND
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN
DISTANCE KKOM DISPOSAL AREA:  UNKNOWN
                          A-232

-------
              ANALYSIS t)K  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YORK  S-J    ,  NY
SAMPLhl NO,   UKG
SPRING
WELL 1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        I
WATER TYPE   (
DATE SAMPLED 11/22/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PI!
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTROSCOpY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
I) KILL
UND
22/76
\ 3.8
6,7
75
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/22/76
10,6
6,6
222
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/22/76
10.0
200
ALUMINUM
bARIIIM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
1 .000
,001
50,000
§250
5,000
,005
,250
15,000
H.OOO
1 ,000
<] .000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,005
<,001
,010
,001
1 ,000
,001
50,000
,200
9,000
,010
,300
15.000
8.000
2,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000

-------
ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES PROM




     NEW YORK S-l   ,  NY
SAMPLE NO,   HKG
           SPRING
WELL 1
EMISSION SP

MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL
MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
'ECTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES

<1 ,000
,00b
.002
<1 ,000
,010
<1,000
<1 .000
,00b
<,002
<1 ,000
<1 .000
QUANT I TA
,00
<,01
<,01
,11
,00
<,03
<,10
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
.00
PERCENT (CONT,)
<1,000
,003
,001

-------
SAMPLE NO
              ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW  YORK  S-l    ,  NY
UKG
SPRING
WELL 1
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
ELUORIUE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC

CIIROMUIM + 6
SELENIUM
SULKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHI.OHIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
     ,0800
    <,0050
     .0500
    
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER SAMPLES F'HOM

                    NEW  YORK  S-t   ,  NY
                          E  IJKG
               ORGANJCS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
PESTTCIDKS
<.001
VOLATILE
HKAVY ORCiANICS: <.01, LIGHT  VULATILfcJS:
                          REMARKS
SITK: ACCEPTED CAPACITORS  ,
SAMPLE CLEAR
BACKGROUND WELL
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  2b FT
DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREA:   400  ET
                          A-236

-------
                ANALYSIS UK WATK.K SAMPLES KHPIM

                      NK,W YORK  S-l    ,  NY



                       SAMPLF, SPHINd
                 OKCANICS (JIUHIP  P-KSULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
TDTAI,  .OOh PCIl'S, H  I>KAKS
PKSTJCIDKS
CONTAINS Hl':PTACHl,()l<  <,001
VULATILKS
                             KKMAMKS


SI'I'K  ACCFJ'TKJ)  CAPACITUKS, PCH'S


SAMPKK  CLKAH


TOTAI,  WtLIj DKPTt):  NUT  APPL 1CAHLh!


DISTANCE: KHUM  DISPOSAL  AHEA:   75  KT
                            A-237

-------
              ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM


                    NK.W  YORK  S-l    ,  NY





                    SAMPLE WELL  1
               URGANICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC BS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRKSKNT  <,001
VOhATlLES







                          REMARKS




S.m: ACCKPTEI) CAPACITORS,PCb'S




TOTAI, WEJ.I, OKPTH:  b2 KT




DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  400  KT
                         A-238

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATKK SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW YORK S-2    , NY
SAMPLE NO.   SPRING BOX  RES,MON,W,  RES.W.BKG   MON.WELL  4
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/28/76
16:30
66,0
6.7
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/2B/76
16:00
66,0
7,2
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/28/76
14:00
13,1
7,5
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/28/76
16:30
20,0
7,5
144
                          20b
190
EMISSION KPECTHOSCOPY
        RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED
          PERCENT
514
                                                  IN WEIGHT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,010
,001
50,000
.010
5,000
,005
<,100
1 ,000
,250
,500
<) ,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 .000
.003
<•! .000
,001
<1 ,000
.010
,001
,010
,010
50,000
,010
8,000
.001

-------
               ANALYSIS UK  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW YORK  s-2   ,  NY
SAMPLE  NO.    SPRING BOX   KES.MON.W,  KES,W,BKG    MOM,WELL 4
MULYhUENHM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUMGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
Zf HC()NIUM
GERMANIUM
TFLLI.IRJUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPEK
IKON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZFNc
H A K I LI M

HF-KYLLJI.IM
CrihALT
MOLYHDL'NUM
T I N
VANADIUM
^CTROSCOPY

<}


<1
<1
<1
<1

<1
<1

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATKH SAMPLES PROM

                    NKW YOKK S-2   , NY
SAMPI.f NO
             SPIUNG  BOX   KKS.MON.W,  KKS.W.HKG   MON.WELL  4
               G4  AND  Gb  (JHUU11 KESULTS, MG/L
CYAN1DK
PMKNOLS
MKHCUHY
CIIHUM II.IM
SKI, tN 1|)M
CALCIUM
MAGNfclSI DM
IMIOSPHATK
POTASSJ DM
SODIUM
                   ,1700
                 <,0050
                   .0090
                 
-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YORK S«2    ,  NY
                         .K SPRING
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCliS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILES& 
-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATKK  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YOHK S-2    ,  NY



                    SAMPLE KES.MON.W.
               ORGAN1CS GKOUP KESULTS, MG/L
PC MS
< . 0 01
PESTICIDES
VOLATILE^
UKAVY OHGANICS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILES:
                          HEMAHKS


9.0 KT DEEP DUG WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  20 KT


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AREA:  750 KT
                          A-243

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES  KHOM

                   NK.W YORK S-2    , NY
                    SAMPLE
               ORGANJCS GROUP' RESULTS, MG/L


PCKS
PKSTICIDKS
<.001
HEAVY ORGANJCS: <,0l, LIGHT VOLATILES;



                          REMARKS


20 KT DEEP DUG WELL, BACKGROUND WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  20 KT


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AREA:  2200 KT
                          A-244

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM




                    NEW YUHK S-2   ,  NY









                     SAMPLE MON.WELL  4
               ORGANICS  CROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
VOLATILFJS











                           HKMARKS






MODKRATt ORGANIC ODOR  ( PfTROLKUM?)






SAMPLE VKRY TURIU!)






MONITOR WtJLL 4 NfciAR  MACHINK  BARN, I.KACHATK






TOTAL WKLL DKPTH:  14  KT






DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL  AREA:   7bO FT
                          A-245

-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NfcW YORK S-3    /  NY
SAMP!,t; NO,   GARAGE
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLE
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PU
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   140
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
WELL i
WELL 2
WELL 3
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/23/76
10:20

7,3
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/23/76
tl:00
96,0
6.2
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/23/76
11:45
10,4
5,4
LANDFILL
GROUND
11/23/76
15:30
8,0
7.5
   72
  480
  287
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIUM
CALCIUM
I ROM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
HISMIITH
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,750
,010
50,000
,2 bO
8,000
.OOb
,100
lb,000
5,000
2.500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,003
,002
,030
,002
2,000
.010
50,000
.250
5,000
.010
joo
2b,000
,500
,500
<1 ,000
< 1,000
<1,000
<1,000
,010
<1 ,000
,010
,002
,010
.001
,050
,005
50,000
,250
8,000
2,500
,200
5,000
15,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   NEW YUHK S-3   , NY
SAMPLE NO,
GARAGE
WELL 1
WELL 2
WELL 3
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIDM
TELLURIUM
CTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES
REPORTED IN
WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT.)
<


<

<
<


<
<
1


1

1
1

<
1
I
,000
,003
,001
,000
,010
,000
,000
,002
,002
.000
.000

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES  KKOM

                    NEW  YORK  S-3    ,  NY
SAMPLE NO,   GAKAGE
         WELL 1
         WELL 2
         WELL  3
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
KLUOHIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEKCUKY
ARSENIC

CHHOMlUM+b
SELENIUM
SIJLKATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLOHIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,0900
 <,0050
  ,0020
 <,000b
 <,OJOO

 <,0100
 <,0100
12,000
40,000
 6,800

13,000
  ,030
  .590
  ,0700
 <,0050
  ,0200
 <,000b
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
 3,300
31,000
 2,000

 3,000
  ,020
  ,310
  ,330
  .0600
  .OOHO
  ,4500
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
 2.500
45,000
 4.500

75,000
 <.003
 1.100
  ,980
  ,1300
 <,0050
  ,0040
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <.0100
  .0200
14,000
60.000
13,000

 2,000
  ,050
  ,840
  ,820
                          A-248

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATKR SAMPLES  FROM

                    N|-;W YORK 8*3    ,  NY



                     SAMPLF. GARAGK
                ORGAN ICS GROUP RF.SULTS,  MG/L
PCliS
<.001
PKSTIC.IOKS
<.001
VULATILKS
IlKAVY ORGAN fCSj  <.01,  LIGHT VOLATILtS: <1
                           HKMAHKS


Sll't: ACCKPTLD  TANNKHY  WASTt: (CHHOMATh;, SULKURIC  ACID)


TOTAL WKL1, UKPTII:   ^0  FT


DISTANCE FROM  DISPOSAL AHFA:  0 FT
                          A-249

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES  FHOM

                   NEW YORK S-3    , Ny




                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGAN ICS GROUP KKSULTS, MG/L
<.001
PEST 1C JOES
<.001
VOLATIf.ES
HEAVY ORGAN ICS:<§01, LIGHT VOLAT.TLESj <1
                          HEMAHKS


.SITE ACCEPTED TANNERY WASTE (CHKUMATE, SULFURJC ACID)


SAMPLE CLEAR


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  12 ET


DISTANCE FHOM DISPOSAL AHEAt  175 FT
                          A-250

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  YORK  S-3   ,  NY



                     SAMPLE WKLL 2
               ORGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC MS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICS:  ,22 PHENOL,APPX  ,01  ANOTHER  UNIDENTIFIED  ORG
ANIC
                          REMARKS
ODOR (,)F FORMALIN
SITE ACCEPTED  TANNERY WASTE  (CHRHMATE,  SULEURJC  AC 10)


SAMPLE CLEAR


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  14 ET


DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                           A-251

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YORK S-3    , NY




                    SAMPLE WKLL 3
               URGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILE*
HEAVY URGANICS: <»01, LIGHT VULATILES: <1
                         I REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED TANNERy WASTE ( CHRUMATE, SULKURIC ACID)


SAMPLE CLEAR


LEACHATE


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  2b El


DISTANCE ERHM DISPOSAL AREA:  HOO ET
                           A-252

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATEK  SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW YUKK  S-3    ,  NY
SAMPLE  NO.    KES,
                  BKG
DISPOSAL
 TYPK         LANDFILL
WATEK  TYPE    GROUND
DATK SAMFI.KU  11/23/76
TIMK             10:00
TKMPKlKATIIHh;      10.0
PH                7. fa
 CONDUCTANCE    392
DTSSOI.Vkll)
 (JXYCK'N

 EMISSION  SPKCTKOSCOPY HKSU1/TS OF OXIDES  REPOHTED IN WEIGHT
                          PKHCKNT
ALUMINUM          .001
HAHIIIM            .001
CALCIUM         50,000
JMON              ,010
MAGNESIUM        H.OOO

MANGANKSK         ,001
POTASSIUM         .100
SI 1,1C A           1,000
SODIUM          10,000
STRONTIUM        1.000

ANTIMONY        <1.000
AHSEN1C         <1,000
BEKYLL1UM       <1.000
BISMUTH         <1,000
HOHON             ,002

CADMIUM         <1.000
CIIHOMIllM          ,OOJ
COHALT           <,001
COPPER            .010
LEAD              ,001
                            A-253

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                   NK1W YORK  S-3    ,  NY
SAMPLE NO.   RES,BKG
 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY
RESULTS UK OXIDES REPORTED
  PERCENT (CUNT,)
IN WEIGHT
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,003
,002
<1 ,000
,001
<1. ,000
<1 ,000
,003
<,002
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
             QUANTITATIVE METALS RESULTS, MG/L
CADMIUM          ,00
CHROMIUM        <„()!
COPPER          <,01
(RON, TOTAL      ,06

MANGANESE        ,00
NICKEL          <,03
LEAD            <,10
ZINC             ,00
BARIUM          <,10

BERYLLIUM        ,00
COBALT  "         ,00
MOLYBDENUM       ,00
TIN              ,00
VANADIUM         ,00
                           A-254

-------
 ANALYSIS  OK  WATKK SAMPLES  FKOM

      NKW  YOKK S-3   , NY
     .K Nil.
KKS.BKG
  (J4 AND  Gb  (JIU)Ul' RKSULTS,  MG/L
CYANJDK
MKHCIIHY
AKSKNIC

CHHdMIIlM-fb
CAl.CIIJM
CMLOHlDt
PMOSPI1ATK
POTASSIUM
      ,0500
    <,OObO
      .0080
    
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATCH SAMPLES KRDM

                    NKW YORK S-J   , NY



                     SAMPLfc: RKS.BKG,
                ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/I,
<.U01
<.001
VW.ATILKS
HFiAVY (JRGANICS:  <,01f  LIGHT  VULATILb'S; 
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  EROM

                   NEW  YORK  S-4    ,  NY
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 5 HKG  WEI,I.  3
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPEC I ETC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                      WELL 1
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/29/76
11:30
n ,o
7.6
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/29/76
13:00
14,0
7.5
LANDKILL
GROUND
12/24/76
14:30
12.8
7,9
400
470
250
 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
MAR HIM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
MEHYI..LJUM
BISMUTH
MORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COM ALT
COPPER
LEAD
,010
<.ooi
15,000
,050
.500
,003
.100
2,000
50,000
,005
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.010
<1 ,000
,002
<1 .000
.010
.001
1 ,000
.005
50,000
,250
5.000
,250
,100
20,000
2,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
,001
<1,000
.005
.002
,002
.001
3.000
.010
50,000
,250
5,000
,250
,150
25,000
3,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1.000
,005
<1 ,000
.010
,003
.003
,002
                           A-257

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                   NKW YORK S-4   , NY
SAMPLE NO.
WELL 5 MKG  WELL 3
                                     WELL 1
 EMISSION SPKCTRDSCUPY
          RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED
            PERCENT (CONT,)
                                                   IN WEIGHT
MULYMDKNUM
iviFCKKL
SILVER
T I N
TTTANUIM
TIINCs't'EN
VANADIUM
ZINC
Zl RCONIUM
HERMAN HIM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATKK SAMPLES KHOM




                   NEW YOHK S-4   , NY
SAMPLK NO,
WELL b BKG  WELL 3
WELL 1
               G4 AND Gb GKOUP HESULTS* MG/L
KLIJOHIDE
CYANIDK
PHENOLS
MENCIJKY
AH SEN 1C
CHKOMIUM+0
SKLENUlM
SULK AT K
CAt,C] II M
MAGNESIUM
CHLOKIDK
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,1300
<,0050
.0010
<,000b
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
150.000
17,000
.320
12.000
.009
.170
170,000
,1500
<,OObO
.0200
<,0005
<,0300
<,0100
<,0100
290.000
190.000
37.000
1 b , 0 0 0
,010
1 .900
lb.000
,1800
<,0050
,0200
<,0005
<.0300
<,otoo
<,0100
50.000
7b,000
11.000
8,200
,030
2,200
12.000
                           A-259

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW YORK S-4   , NY



                     SAMPLE WELL 5 HKG
                ORIIANICS  GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,OOJ
VULATILES
HKAVY URCJANICS: <,01,  LICMT  VULATILES?
                           REMARKS


H2S ODOR


SAMP!,K CLKAR


PROHAMLY UEDROCK WKI.L,  BACKCJROUNO  WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  73 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL  AREA:   2300 FT
                            A-260

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES KROM

                    NK.W YORK s-4    ,  NY



                     SAMPLK WKLL  3
                ORGAN ICS CHOHF KKSU1.TS,  MG/L
pens
t|,KCTHUNb:(;ATjVf:  COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
<.00l
V'OI.ATII.KS
HEAVY OHC.ANICS;  <.0),  LIGHT VULATILKS:  <1
                           HKMAKKS
    LE SLIGHTLY  TURblD
MONITOR WELL  J,  LEACHATE



TOTAI, WKLL DEPTH:   b'j  KT



DISTANCE KHOM  DISPOSAL AREA:  50 KT
                            A-261

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YORK S*4    ,  NY



                    SAMPLE WELL 1
               ORGAN!CS GROUP RESULTS,  MO/L
PC US
KLKCTRUNK.(;ATiVK COMPOUNDS PKKSENT <,001
<.001
HEAVY ORGANirs: 
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES EROM




                   NEW YORK S-5   • NY









SAMPLE NO.   MON,WELL 8  MOM.WELL 2  MON,W,7-2   PUB,SUPPLY
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PM
SPEC IK 1C
CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVE!)
OXYGEN
EMISSION SPE

ALUMINUM
MARIIJM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
S t L I C A
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
HISMUTH
MORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COhALT
COPPER
LEAD

COMB
GROUND
1 1/23/76
10:35
11.1
b. 4

350


CTROSCOPY

,005
,010
50,000
,030
10,000
,030
.250
1 ,000
10,000
1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,002
,003
,005
.001

COM!)
GROUND
11/23/76
9 50
11,1
7,3

3HO


RESULTS UK
PERCENT
,00b
,005
50,000
,010
10,000
.003
,250
2,000
10,000
.500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 .000
<1,000
,100
<1 ,000
,002
,002
»003
,001

COMh
GROUND
11/23/76
10:15
U.l
6. a

300


OXIDES REPORTED

,002
,001
50,000
,010
tt.OOO
,003
,200
1,000
8,000
,250
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
,002
<1 ,000
<,001
,002
,100
.001

LANDEILL
GROUND
1/12/77
1 6 J 1 5
12,6
7,3

51

.10
IN WEIGHT

.500
,001
15,000
,200
,500
.010
,250
50,000
15,000
.250
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,020
,050
,005
,001
                           A-263

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WA'm< SAMPLES FROM

                    NF.W YOHK S-5   , NY
SAMPLE  NO.    MOM,WELL 8  MON.WELL 2  MOM,W,7-2   P1)B,SUPPLY
MOLYBDENUM
NlCKFL
StLVKH
TIN
TIT AN HIM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
CEKMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NfCKEL
LEAD
ZINC
HARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MIJLYUDKNUM
TIN
VANADIUM
:'.CTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES

<1


<1
<
<\
<

<
<\
<1
UUAN

<






<

<




,000
,002
,001
,000
,001
,000
,001
,001
,002
,000
,000
TITATIVE
,00
,
,26
.00
,00
,00
.10
,00
,01
,00
,00
,00
PERCENT (CONT,)
<1,000 <1
,002
,001
<1,000 <1
<,001 <
<1,000 <1
<,00t <1
,001 <
<,002 <
<1,000 <1

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK WATKH SAMPLES KHOM

                    Nt;W  YORK S->b    ,  NY



SAMPLb:  NO.    MONfWKLL 8   MON.WKLL  2   MOM,W.7-2   PUB,SUPPLY



                G4 AND Gb  (JHOUP KKSULTS,  MG/L
KHIOMTDE
CYANlDt
PIIKNOLS
MEKCIIKY
AI
-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  PROM

                   NEW YORK S~5    , NY




                    SAMPLE MOM.WELL 8
               ORGAN ICS CRUUP KKSULTS, MG/L
PCUS
<.00l
PESTICIDES
<,001
VULATIl.tS
HEAVY ORGANICS:
-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATEK  vSAMPLKS FROM

                    NFW YOHK  S-5    ,  NY




                     SAMPLE MOM.WELL  2
                      CS <;in.HJF'  KLSULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<.00t
PKSTTCIDKS
<.OOJ
VOLATII.fS
HEAVY UHCANICS:  
-------
               ANALYSTS OF WATKK SAMPLES  FROM

                    NfclW YOKK S-S    , NY



                     'SAMPLK MI)N,W,7-2
                OKGANJCS GHOUP KKSULTS, MG/L
PC US
<,001
PKSTT.C1DKS
<.001
VlM,ATll,ES
IIKAVY OHGANICS:  <,01f  LIGHT VULATJLESj
                           REMAHKS


    LK CLt:AH


PUBLIC SUPPLY PRODUCTION  WtLL


TOTAJ, WtLL DKPTM:   5bS  KT


      CK KHOM DISPOSAL  ARfciA:   5000 KT
                           A-268

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW YORK S-5   ,  NY



                     SAMF>J,L'  PUB.SUPPLY



               ORGANFCS  CROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCUS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,001,TOTAL  CONC.  .001
PESTICIDES
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT<,001,TOTAL  CONC.  ,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICSt <,01, LIGHT  VOLATILES:  <1
                          REMARKS

            KROM KIHK HYDRANT

VERY COLD WEATHER,WATER SAMPLE COOLED TO  3C

TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  COMBINATION OF  PUBLIC  SUPPLY  WELLS

DISTANCE KHUM DISPOSAL AREA: COMBINATION  OP  PUBLIC  SUPPLY WELLS
                           A-269

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM




                   NEW YORK S-5   ,  NY









SAMPLE NO,   SETTING 1    SETTING 2   SETTING 3
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PI)
SPEC IK 1C
CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
EMISSION SP

ALUMINUM
MAR1MM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
S I L I C A
SOD HIM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HKRYM..IUM
hISMUTM
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COhALT
COPPKH
LKAD

COMH
GROUND
1/12/77
17:00
14.0
5.9

400


ECTRUSCOPY

3,000
,030
H.OOO
,200
,500
.010
,lbO
50,000
3,000
,250
<1 ,000
<1 .000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,050
<1 ,000
.005
,002
,005
,003

CO Mil
GROUND
1/19/77
ib:oo
10,0
5.7

640

.02
RESULTS OK
PERCENT
3,000
,020
8,000
.250
3,000
.005
,500
50,000
5,000
» ,150
<1 ,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   NEW YORK S-5    , NY
SAMPLE NO.
SETTING 1   SETTING 2   SETTING 3
 EMISSION SPKCTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCnNlUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,002
<,001
<1 ,000
,2bO
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000

,0b
,00
<,03
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
< ,01
< ,01
,<><>
.00
,03
,00
,00
<,10
,00
,00
.00
,00
<,0»
,00
<,OJ
<,01
.02
.00
<,03
,00
,00
<,10
,00
.00
,00
,00
<,08
                           A-271

-------
              ANALYSIS OK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   NEW YORK  S-5    ,  NY



SAMPLE NO.   SETTING  \   SETTING 2   SETTING  3
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PIIKNOLS
MfcJHCllHY
AKSKNIC

CHHOMIUM40
SKLENIUM
SULFATt
CALCIUM
MAGNKS1UM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
  ,3600
 <,0050
 <,0010
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
 
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM


                    NfcJW YORK S-5   ,  NY




                     SAMPLE SETTING 1
                ORGANics  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PC us
ELECTKONEGATjVK COMPOUNDS  PRESENT   KT


DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA:  200 FT.
                            A-273

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM


                   NEW YORK S-5   , NY




                    SAMPLE SETT INC 2
               ORGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT 
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    NEW  YORK S-5   ,  NY



                     SAMPLE SETTING 3
               ORGANJCS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PKSTICIDKS
<.001
VOl,ATIl,ES
HKAVY UHGANICS; <,01,  LIGHT  VULATILKS
                           REMARKS


SCREEN SETTING 525-blb  FT  HELUW  LfS.


SAMPLE 11UITE CLEAR


LEACH ATE,TEST WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  545  FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL  AREA:   ,200  FT,
                            A-275

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                   PENN, S-l       ,  FA
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 5 BKG  WELL  1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TFMF.
TEMPERATURE
Pll
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
 EMISSION SPECTKOSCUPY
              WKLL 3
LANDFILL
GROUND
12/2/76
12:00
11,4
b,J
LANDFILL
(JKOUNI)
12/2/76
13:00
14.4
5,1
LANDFILL
GROUND
12/2/76
14:30
10,0
4.7
    24b
118
RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
  PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BAtUIIM
CALCIUM
[RON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
1 ,000
,010
50,000
1 ,000
10.000
,100
1 ,000
20,000
5,000
2,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,020
.002
,010
,003
,003
,200
50,000
,250
10,000
1 ,500
1 ,000
1 ,000
10,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010

-------
              ANALYSIS  UK  WATEH SAMPLES KKOM

                    PENN, S-i       ,  PA
SAMPLE NO.   WELl, 5  BK(J   WELL \
                                      WELL 3
 EMISSION SPECTKOSCUPY  KESULTS OE OXIDES KFPOKTED IN WEIGHT
                          PEKCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TI N
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,00b
,00b
,002
,003
<1,000
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
< 1 , 0 0 0
<1,000
,010
,003
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
<1*000
.002
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES  FROM




                   PENN, S»l       ,  PA
SAMPLE NO,   WEI,I, 5 HKG  WELL 1
WELL 3
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CHROMIUM+b
SELENIUM
SULFATfc:
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE:
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,ObOO
<,OObO
<,0010
<,000b
<,0300

-------
               ANALYSIS UK  WATKK  SAMPLES KHDM

                    I'KNN, S-l       ,  PA



                     SAMPLE  WELL  5  BKG
                OKGANJCS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC MS
<.00]
PKSTIC IDb'S
<.001
VlH.ATlLtS
      OHGANICS;  <,Q1, MGHT VOLATILKS:
                           HKMAHKS


IKON PPTfcil)


SAMPI.K CLKAR


BACKGROUND  Wfcil.L


TOTAL WtLL  DKPTUj   150 FT


IHSTANCt: KHOM  DISPOSAL ARKA:  500 KT
                            A-279

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER  SAMPLES  KHOM

                   PENN, S-l       ,  PA



                    SAMPLE WELL  1
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
<.001
PESTICIDES
V()|. ATI!, fcS
HEAVY ORGANICS: 
-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    PENN, S-l       f  PA



                    SAMPLK  WELL  3
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PC US
<.001
PKSTICIDKS
<,001
VULATILKS
HKAVY ORGAN JCS: <.0l, LIGHT VOLATlLfc'-S:  <1
                          KKMARKS
MONITOR WKLL 3> LKACHATK


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  HO FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  100 FT
                           A-281

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATfc:R SAMPLES PROM

                    PENN,  S-2      , PA
SAMPLK  NO,    I1KG
           MUN.WKLL
DISPOSAL
 TYPE         LANOKILL     LANDFILL
WATKR  TYPE    GROUND       GROUND
DATE SAMPLED  12/3/76      12/3/7(>
TIMf!              9 00        12:00
TEMPtHATUKK       8,0         12.B
PH                b,b          7,0
SPEC IK 1C
 CONDUCTANCE   1530          74H
DISSULVtl)
 HXYCKN

 EMISSION SPKCTHOSCUPY  HKSULTS  OK OXTDKS RKPURTED IN WKIGHT
                          PK.KCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
S T L IC A
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
  ,020
  ,001
50,000
  ,00b
 H,000

  ,003
  ,100
 1 ,000
 5,000
 1 ,000


-------
             ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES  FROM

                  PENN, S-2       ,  PA
      NO,
HKG
WON,WELL
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF IJXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                        PERCENT  (CONT.)
MOLYBDENUM
NICK K L
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRC()NJUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,001
,001
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000

,00
<,OJ
< . 1 0
.00
<.10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
< ,01
,01
1 ,40
,03
<»OJ
,00
,00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
.00
,00
                          A-283

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  PROM

                    PfcNN, S-2       , PA
 SAMPLE  NO.
HKG
MON.WfeILL
                04 AND (55 GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
 FLUORIDE
 CYANIDE
 PHENOLS
 MERCURY
 ARSENIC

 CHROMII.IM-H.
 SULEATE
 CALCIUM
 MAGNESIUM
-PHOSPHATE
 POTASSIUM
 SODIUM
     .0500
    0
     ,0100
    <,000b
    <,0300

    <,0100
    <»0100
  210.000
  340,000
    5,600

  271,000
     .ObO
    2,000
   11 ,000
     ,0500
    
-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES KROM

                    PENN, S-2      , PA



                     SAMPLE HKG
                ORGANJCS GROUP KKSULTS, MG/L
PC (US
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.OOJ
VUI.ATILES
HEAVY OKGAMCSK.OI ,  LIGHT VOLATI LES : < \
                           KEMAHKS


SITE ACCEPTED  INC1NEHATOR  ME.S1DUE


.SAMPLE CLEAR


HACKGHOUNIJ WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:   lOb  ET


DISTANCE KKOM DISPOSAL  AREA:   bSO ET
                            A-285

-------
               ANALYSIS HI-' WATKH  SAMPLES FHDM

                    Pb'NN, 8-2       ,  PA




                     SAMPLK M()N,WKl.L
                UKGANICS GHOUP KtSULTS»  MG/L
PC I US
< . 0 0 1
PKST1CIDKS
<.001
HKAVY UHGANICS:  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-l   ,  WI
SAMPLE NO,    WELL  NK.
WELL 13BKG  WELL W
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        I
WATER TYPE   (
DATE SAMPLED 10/20/76
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IEJC
 CONDUCTANCE   1800
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
DON
UNO
20/7b
10:00
10.5
7,6
LAGOON
GROUND
10/19/76
lb:00
96 0
7,6
LAGOON
GROUND
10/19/76

86.0
7.6
  640
460
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY HESULTS OE  OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HAP-HIM
CALC HIM
I RON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,100
,010
50,000
,200
20.000
,010
,000
5,000
3,000
,100
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1.000
,002
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000
,020
,001
,020
,005
50,000
,005
15,000
,005
,000
5,000
1,000
,100
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
.002
<1.000
,003
,001
,030
,050
50,000
,005
10,000
,005
.000
5,000
3,000
,250
<1,000
<1,000
<1.000
<1,000
,005
<1 ,000
.002
<1 ,000
,005
,001
                           A-287

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN S«l  , WI
SAMPLE NO.
WELL NK
WELL 13BKG  WELL W
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
T I N
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
V A N A I) IIJ M
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TKLLUR ILIM
CTROSCOPY f

<1 ,000
,005
,003
<1,000
,005
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
RESULTS OK
PERCENT
<1,000
,002
,001
<1 ,000
,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1.000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
(CUNT.)
<1.000
,002
,010

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES




                   WISCONSFN S-l   » WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL NE
WELL 13HKG  WELL W
               G4 AND G5 GKUUP HKSULTS, MG/L
KLUOKIDE
CYAN1DK
PHKNOLS
MbHCHHY
AHSEN1C
CIIHOMIIlM + h
SELKN1DM
5ULKATK1
CAI/CIUM
MAGNESIUM
CULOHIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,2200
<,Q050
.0300
<,000b
<,0300
<,0100

-------
              ANALYSIS  (IK  WATEK SAMPLES PHOM

                    WISCONSIN  S-l  ,  WI



                     SAMPLE WELL NE
               ORGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS, MG/L
PCbS
<,001
PESTICll)fc:s
<,OOJ
VOLATILES
HKAW OHGANICS: <,0l, LIGHT  VULATII.ESl
                           HKMAHKS
PPT IN CN hOTTLf.
SITE ACCt:PTt;i) ALUM SLUOGK  (SUI-FATE,  ALUM INUM, HEAVY METALS)
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  APPROXIMATELY 35 FT.
DISTANCE KKOM DISPOSAL AHEA:   150  KT
                           A-290

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK WATKH SAMPLES KHOM

                    WISCONSIN  S-l   ,  WI



                     SAMPLE  WKLL 13HKG
               ORGAN!CS  CROUP  KKSULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VULATILtS
UKAVY OHCANrCS: <.0\,  MGMT  VUI.ATILKS:
                           Hfc:MAKKS


SITK ACCKPTK!) ALUM SLUOGK  (SDLKATK, ALUMINUM, HEAVY METALS)


PMSSIHLE hACMIHOUND


TOTAL, WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AKEA:   300  KT
                            A-291

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES PROM


                   WISCONSIN S-J  , WI






                    SAMPLE WELL W
               ORGAN ICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS

<.001
PESTICIDES
<,ooi
VOLATILES

HEAVY OHGANICS: <,OJf LIGHT VOLATILES; <1
                          REMARKS
SITE ACCEPTED ALUM SLUDGE (SULFATE,ALUMINUM,HEAVY METALS)
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  APPROXIMATELY 35 FT,
DISTANCE KROM DISPOSAL AREA;  200 KT
                           A-292

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSTN S-2  , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL H hKG  WELL P
WELL 6A
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATKH TYPK
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIK1C
CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN

COMB
GROUND
10/25/76
15:00
lb,2
7,7

400



COMH
GHOUND
10/25/7to
14:00
11,3
7.4

570



COMh
GROUND
10/25/76
18:15
11.5
7.3

825


 EMISSION SPECTHOSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,OJO
,002
50,000
,500
10,000
,005
,100
5,000
1 ,000
• 050

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN S-2  , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL H HKG  WELL P
WELL 6A
 KM! SSI UN SPECTRfJSCOPY RESULTS UP OXIDES REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
<1 ,000
,020
,003
<,001
,003
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001

-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATEH SAMPLES FKOM

                   WISCONSIN S-2  , WI
SAMPLE NO.   WKLL H HKG  WELL P
                                     WELL 6A
               G4 AND Gb GHOUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUOKTDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEKCUHY
AHSENIC

CHKOMIUM+6
SELENIUM
SULFATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLOIUDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
sum 1.1 M
                  ,1700
                  ,0100
                 <,0300

                 <,0100
                 <«0100
                28,000
                4b,000
                44,000

                lb.000
                  ,ObO
                 1 .bOO
                 9.300
  ,1600
 <,OObO
  ,0090
 <,000b
 <,0300

 <,0100
 <,0100
28,000
80,000
bb.OOO

 8,000
  ,100
 1 ,900
 6,900
  ,1900
  .0000
  ,0400
 <,0005
 <,0300

 <,0100
  .0200
28,000
83.000
73,000

26,000
  ,070
lb.000
14,000
                           A-295

-------
              ANALYSTS OF WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   WISCONSIN S~2   , WI



                    SAMPLE WELL B  HKG
               ORGAN1CS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCBS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANICSj <(01, LIGHT VOLATILCS: <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED "PAINT WASTE, HEAVY METALS


SAMPLE CLEAR


MONITOR WELL IN QUARRY FLOOR, BACKGROUND


TOTAL WELL DEPTHj   14 KT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  2300 FT
                            A-296

-------
PC MS
<.00l
PESTICIDES
<.001
               ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN s-2  ,  wi
                         ^ WKLl, P
                UKGANICS  GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
VOLATJLES
IIKAVY
            CS: <,01,  LIGHT  VULATILESj
                           HEMAKKS
SITK ACCEPTED PAJNT WASTE, HEAVY  METALS
SAMPLE CLEAH
INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY WELL, BACTERIAL CUNTAM1NATIUN  TN  LEACHATF
SUSPECTED

TUTAL WELIj DEPTH:  yO FT
DISTANCE FHUM DISPOSAL AHEA:  900 FT
                           A-297

-------
              ANALYSIS OP WATER SAMPLES PROM

                   WISCONSIN s*2  , wi



                    SAMPLE WELL (>A
               ORGANJCS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC UK
<.OOJ
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY ORGAMCS: <,01, LIGHT VOLATILESj <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTKU PAINT WASTE* HKAVy METALS


MONITOR WELL bA» AT SW CORNER OP ASH LAGOONS


TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  yb PT


DISTANCE PHOM DISPOSAL AREA:  30 PT
                            A-298

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-3  ,  WI
 SAMPLE  NO,    WELL  5
DISPOSAL
 TYPE        COMB
WATEH TYPE   GROUND
DATE SAMPLED 10/22/76
TIME             14:00
TEMPERATURE      J5,4
PH               7.1
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE   950
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN

 EMISSION SPECTKOSCOPY  RESULTS  OF  OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                          PERCENT
ALUMINUM         3.000
UAH I DM            ,100
CALCIUM        50.000
IRON              ,lbO
MAGNESIUM      15,000

MANGANESE         ,100
POTASSIUM         ,100
SILICA         15.000
SODIUM           3,000
STRONTIUM         ,250

ANTIMONY       <1»000
ARSENIC        <1,000
BERYLLIUM      <1,000
BISMUTH        <1,000
BORON             ,100

CADMIUM        <1,000
CHROMIUM          ,010
COBALT            ,001
COPPER            ,050
LEAD              ,002
                           A-299

-------
              ANALYSIS  MF  WATER  SAMPLES ERQM

                   WISCONSIN  S-3   ,  WI
SAMPLE ND.
              WELL  !i
 ^MISSION SPECTROSCOI'Y RESULTS  OF  OXIDES  REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         I'KKCblNT  (CUNT,)
MOLYBDENUM
NICKtL
SILVKH
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTf.N
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIKC(jNHIM
(JKRMANIUM
TELLURIUM

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATCH  SAMPLES  FROM

                   WISCONSIN S»3   ,  WI
SAMPU; NO,   WELL 5
               G4 AND Gb GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
FLUOIUDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MEKCURY
AHSENIC

CHKOM1UM+6
SKLENIUM
CALCIUM
MAGNKSJ1JM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
                  ,2000
                 <,OObO
                  ,0400
                 
-------
              ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN S-3   , Wl



                    SAMPLE WELL 5
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
PCHS
<.001
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOLATU.ES
HEAVY OHGANICS: <,0\, LIGHT VULATILESl <1
                          REMARKS


SITE ACCEPTED' PHENOLIC RESINS & PLATING.WASTES


SAMPLE CLEAR


MONITOR WELL b, 10 FT SOUTH OK FILLED OIL PIT


TOTAL WELL DEPTH;  20 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA}  10 FT
                           A-302

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES KHOM




                   WISCONSIN S-4  , WI
SAMPLE NO.   WELL 7
WELL B
WKLL 22
WELL 25 BKG
DISPOSAL
TYPE
WATER TYPE
DATE SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPEC IE 1C
CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
EMISSION SP

ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD

LANDFILL
GROUND
10/2H/76
to:3o

7,2

740


ECTROSCOPY

,100
,002
50,000
.020
15,000
,010
.100
b.OOO
2,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
.003
<1 ,000
,001
,001
.003
<,001

LANDEILL
GROUND
10/28/76
14:30

7.1

300


RESULTS UK
PERCENT
,020
<,001
50,000
,005
12,000
,010
,100
3,000
1 ,000
,250
<1,000
<1»000
<1 .000

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-4  ,  Wl
SAMPLE NO,   WKLL 7
WELL 8
WKLL 22
WELL 25 BKG
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPKR
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKKL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COIiALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
•XTROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT
,001
,002
.001
<1 ,000
,003
<1 ,000
<1,000
,020
<1 ,000
< 1,000
<1 ,000
QUANTITATIVE
,00
8oo
.12
<»03
,00
1 ,20
<.JO
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
<,001
.003
,001
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,002
<1,000
!
.23
<,03
.00
,00
,00
.00
<»OJ
,00
,00
,00
(CONT,)
,005
,002
<,001
<1,000
<,00l

-------
SAMPLE NO,
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  F'KOM




                   WISCONSIN S-4   , WI
WELL 7
WELL 8
WELL 22
WELL 25
BKG
               C4 AND G5 GKOUP KESULTS, MG/L
KLUORIDE
CYANIDt
PHENOLS
MKKCURY
AHSENIC
CHKOMIUMtb
SELENIUM
SULKATt:
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CIILDIUDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,3100
<,OObO
,0600
<,0005
,0300

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATEH SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S»4  ,  WI



                     SAMPLE WKLL 7
               ORGANICS  GROUP  KFSULTS,  MG/L
PCHS
              E COMPOUNDS  PHKSKNT <,001
<.001
VOLATILfcIS
HF.AVY ORGAN1CS: <,01,  LIGHT  VOLATILbJS
                           KEMAHKS


SITK ACCF.PTKI) PAJNT WASTK,  OILS, SOLVENTS,PESTICIDES


SAMPLE TIJHIUn


MUNITOH WELL 7,


TOTAL WELL UF.PTH:  34 FT


DISTANCE FHOM DISPOSAL AHEA:   500  FT
                           A-306

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATt:K SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN s-4   ,  wi




                     SAMP),F. WKU, 8
PCHS
                ORGANJCS GROUP RKSULTS,  MG/L
                 COMPOUNDS PKKStNT <,00t
PESTICIDES
<,001
VOI.ATTLKS
HEAVY ORGANICS:  <,01f  LIGHT VOLATILES: <1
                           KKMAMKS
SITK ACCKPTKl)  PAINT  WASTK , 0 I LS , SOLVENTS , PKSTIC IDES
       VKHY TUKIi.II)
MONITOR Wt.'1-I/  H
TOTAL WKLL DKPTH:   2H  KT
DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL  WKLL:   60
                            A-307

-------
              ANALYSIS  OK  WATEK SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN  S-4  ,  WI



                    SAMPLE  WELL 22
               ORGANICS  (IHOLIP  RESULTS,  MG/L


pens
               C COMPOUNDS PRESENT  <,001
pKSTlCJUKs
<.001
VOLATII.fclS
HEAVY UHUANICS: <,Ol,LT VOLAT1LES:ONE  PEAK  APPX 1,2
                          HEMAHKS


SITE ACCEPTEI? PAINT WASTE, OILS, SOLVENTS., PEST 1C IDES


SAMPLE VEHY TUKB1D


MONITOR WELL 22


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  UNKNOWN


DISTANCE EHOM DISPOSAL WELL:  80 KT
                          A-308

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES  PROM

                    WISCONSIN S-4   , WI



                     SAMPLE WELL 25 BKG
                OKGANICS GROUP RESULTS, KG/I,


PCBS
ELECTRONEGATIVE CUMFdUNUS PHKSKNT <,001
VUI.ATU.KS
UKAVY UHCANICS:  <,01,  LIGHT VULATlLtS;
srrt; ACCK:PTKD  PAINT  WASTK,OILS,SOLVENTS,PESTICIDES


SAMPLE VKKY TllHBll)


MUM TOM WKLI, '2b' BACKGROUND


TUTAL WELL DEPTH:  20  KT


DISTANCE EHOM  DISPOSAL  AKEA:   500 KT
                            A-309

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN S-5   , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL E BKG  WELL K
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATKH TYPE
!)ATK SAMPLED
TIMK
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
                                     SPRING
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/21/76
15:30

7,6
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/21/76
12? 00
10,8
6,9
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/21/76
13:30
76,0
7.1
                          IbOO
1600
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDKS REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
BARIUM
CALCIUM
IKON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
CADMIUM
CHHOMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
,bOO
,003
50,000
,2bO
15,000
,0'JO
3,000
b,000
10,000
,500
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,ObO
<1 ,000
,003
,003
,010
.001
,010
,010
50,000
,250
15,000
,010
3,000
8,000
3,000
1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,010
<1 ,000
,005
,002
,005
,002
,030
,010
50,000
,750
15,000
,050
2,000
5,000
10,000
,250
<1,000
<1,000

-------
              ANALYSIS OF' WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN S-5   , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL E BKG  WELL F
SPRING
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
CTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OX
IDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT,)





<1
<1

<1
<1
<1
,002
.030
.010
,001
,010
,000
,000
.010
,000
.000
,000
<1,000
,003
,002
<1 ,000
,002
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,002
<1,000
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1.000
.001
.003
<,001
,002
<1 ,000
<1,000
<,001

-------
              ANALYSIS UK  WATEH  SAMPLES  FROM

                   WISCONSIN  S-S   ,  WI



SAMPLE NO.   WELL E BKG  WELL K       SPK1NG
               G4 AN|) G5 GKUUP RESULTS,  MG/L
KLUOHIDE          ,3100        ,1100        ,1400
CYAN1DK          <,0050        ,OObO       <,0050
PMKNOLS           ,0100        ,1000        .0400
MEKCUKY          <,0005      <,000b       <,0005
AKSENIC          <,0300      <,0300       <,0300

C!IKOMIUM + b       
-------
               ANALYSIS  UK WATER SAMPLES  FROM

                    WISCONSIN s-5  , wi



                     SAMPLE  WELL E BKG
                ORGANICS GROUP  RESULTS, MG/L
PChS
<,001
PESTICIDES
<,001
V()I,ATH,KS
HKAVY (IHCANICS:  
-------
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM


                   WISCONStN  s-5   f  wi




                    SAMPLE  WKLL  F
               URGANICS GROUP  KKSULTS,  MG/L
PCHS

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATEK SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-b  ,  WI



                     SAMPLE  SPUING
               OKGANICS  GKOUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PCBS
<,001
PESTICIDES
UNIDENTIFIED tl-KCTKDNKGAT IVK  COMPOUNDS  PKKSENT  f002
VUhATILKS
HEAVY URGANICS: <,0b,  LIGHT  VULAT1LES:  <1
                           HEMAKKS


SITE ACCEPTED PAINT WASTE


SAMPLE CLKAH, LT HKOWN TINT


SPRING


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  NOT APPLlCAhLE


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AMEA;   300 KT
                           A-315

-------
               ANALYSIS  OF  WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-6  ,  WI
 SAMPLE  Nd,    WELL  !
           WELL  2 BKG   WELL
 DISPOSAL
 TYPE
 WATER  TYPE
 DATE SAMPLED
 TIME
 TEMPERATURE
 PU
 SPEC IEIC
 CONDUCTANCE
 DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
270
           760
          540
                                 WELL 7
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/26/70
15:00
66,0
7.4
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/27/76
16:oo
96,0
7,1
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/27/76
12:00
13.0
7.4
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/27/76
15800
H,0
7,4
            460
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES  REPORTED  IN  WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
HARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM

ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON

CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
LEAD
 i »ooo
  .001
20,000
  ,030
 2.000

  ,020
  ,200
50,000
 5,000
  ,200

<1,000
<1 ,000
<1,000
<1,000
  ,020
<1
 ,000
 ,002
:.oot
 ,010
 ,002
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
                        I 8000
                         ,010
                        8,000
                         ,200
                        8,000

                         ,010
                        <,100
                       50,000
                         ,250
                         ,250

                       <1,000
                       <1,000
                       <1,000
                       <1,000
                         ,005
<1
 ,000
 ,002
<,001
 ,010
 ,003
 3,000
  ,100
50,000
  ,250
15,000

  ,050
  ,200
25,000
 3,000
  ,750

<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
  ,030

<1,000
  ,005
 <,001
  ,030
  ,005
                            A-316

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  KROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-b   ,  WI
       NO,
 EMISSION
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
GERMANIUM
TELLURIUM
WELL 1
WELL 2 BKG  WELL 6
WELL 7
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
L'TROSCOPY RESULTS OK OXIDES
REPORTED IN WEIGHT
PERCENT (CONT,)
<1


<1

<1
<1

<1
<1
<1
JUAN

<
<


<
<







,000
,003
,001
,000
,010
,000
,000
,002
,000
,000
,000
T I T A T I V E
,00
,01
,01
.01
.01
.03
,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,000 <1
,000
,000
,000 <1
.000
,000 <1
,000 <1
,000
,000 <1
,000 <1
,000 <1
METALS RESULTS,
,00
< ,01
< , 0 1 <
,05
<,oi
,00 <
.00 <
,00
,10 <
,00
,01
,00
,00
,00
,000
,003
,003
,000
,030
,000
,000
.003
.000
,000
,000
MG/L
,00
,03
»°1
.01
,00
,03
.10
,00
.10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
<,001
,020
,005
,005
.050
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,030
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1,000

,00
,00
<,01
<,01
.03
<,03
< , 1 0
.00
<,10
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
                           A-317

-------
              ANALYSIS UK WATER SAMPLES KRDM




                   WISCONSIN S-b  , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
WELL 2
                                BKG
WELL 6
WELL 7
               CM AND G5 GROUP RESULTS, MG/L
ELUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
ARSENIC
CIIROMI.UM + b
SELENIUM
SULKATt
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
,9900
<,00'oO
,0000

-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES KHOM

                    WISCONSIN  S-6  ,  WI



                    SAMPLE  WELL  1
               ORGAN ICS GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L


PCHS
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS PHL'SENT  <,001
<.001
VOI.ATILES
HVY 0:NUMHKR UK PEAKS,APPX TOTAL  .11,  LT  V:  APPX  49
                          KKMAKKS


MONITOR WELL H1


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  44 KT


DISTANCE KHOM DISPOSAL AKKA:  SOO KT
                            A-319

-------
pens
PESTICIDES
VOLATILES
              ANALYSIS OF  WATER  SAMPLES FROM




                   WISCONSIN  S-6   ,  WI









                    SAMPLE WELL  2
               ORGANics GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
                          REMARKS
       TURHT.W
MONITOR WELl, H2 , BACKGROUND WELL
TLITAL WELL DEPTH:  41 FT
DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREA:  100 FT
                           A-320

-------
               ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN s.b  , wi



                     SAMPLE WELL 6
                ORGAN K.'S  GKOUP RESULTS, MG/L
PC MS
<.OOJ
PESTJClDbS
VOLAT1LES
HEAVY OKGANICS:  WEST


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:   JO KT


DISTANCE KKOM DISPOSAL  AREA:   7b
                           A-321

-------
               ANALYSIS UK WATtH  SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN S-6   ,  WI



                     SAMPLK WF.LL  7
                ORGAN J CS GKUUP KbiSULTS,  MCJ/L
PC IKS
<,001
VMLATII.ES
MKAVY ORCANICS:  <,01,  LKJHT VUL.ATILESl
                           HKMAHKS


     E CLUUDy


MHNITOH Wh:LL H7


TUTAj, WtLl, OtPTM:   3b  FT


DISTANCE FHOM  DISPOSAL AMKA:  100 FT
                           A-322

-------
              ANALYSIS OK WATER SAMPLES FROM

                   WISCONSIN S-7   , WI
SAMPLE NO,   WELL 1
DISPOSAL
 TYPE
WATER TYPE
OATH SAMPLED
TIME
TEMPERATURE
PH
SPECIFIC
 CONDUCTANCE
DISSOLVED
 OXYGEN
           WELL 4 BKG  WELL 2
                      WELL 3
LANDKILL
GROUND
10/27/76
15:30
54,0
6,6
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/29/76
15:00
54,0
6,8
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/29/76
17:30
54,0
7.2
LANDFILL
GROUND
10/29/76
16:30
54,0
6,4
4250
700
480
2150
 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS OF OXIDES REPORTED IN WEIGHT
                         PERCENT
ALUMINUM
MARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SILICA
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
HERYLLIUM
HISMUTH
HURON
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COIiALT
COPPER
LEAD
,005
,250
50,000
5,000
20,000
1 .000
,200
1 .000
2,000
,500
<1,000
<1»000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,030
<1 ,000
,001
,002
,002
<,001
,050
,250
50,000
,020
20.0r 0
2fOOO
,250
5,000
3,000
1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,005
<1,000
,005
,002
,005
,001
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,003
.005
50,000
1 ,000
15,000
1,000
,250
1 ,000
1,500
,500
<1,000
<1.000
<1,000
<1,000
.005
<1 ,000
,002
,003
.002
<,001
                           A-323

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FKUM

                    WISCONSIN S-7  , WI
SAMPLE  NO.
WKLL 1
WELL 4 BKG  MKLL 2
WELL 3
MOLYBDK'NUM
NICKEL
SILVER
TIN
TITANIUM

TUNGSTEN
VANADIUM
ZINC
2 IRC (IN HIM
(.! E R M A N 1 U M
TELLURIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPF.K
IRON, TOTAL

MANGANESE
NICKEL
LEAD
ZINC
BARIUM

BERYLLIUM
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
VANADIUM
CTROSCOPY

<1,000
,002
,00.3
<1,000
,002
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
<,001
<1 ,000
< 1 , 0 0 0
<1 .000
UUANTTTATI
,00
,00
< ,01
120,00
32,00
<,OJ
,00
,00
2, HO
.00
.01
.00
,00
,00
RESULTS OF OXIDES
PERCENT (CONT,)
,005
,010
,005
<1,000
,001
<1 ,000
<1 ,000
,001
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 .000
VE METALS RESULTS,
foo
,00
<»ot
<,01
16,00
,0b
,00
,00
,10
,00
,00
,04
,00
,00
REPORTED

,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
,000
,000
,000
,000
.000
MG/L
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
.00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
,00
IN WEIGHT

<1.000
,002
,002
<1,000
,001
<1,OQQ
<1,000
<,001
<1,000
<1 ,000
<1 ,000

,00
<»01
<,01
41,00
33,00
,00
,00
,00
.40
,00
,01
,00
too
,00
                           A-324

-------
               ANALYSIS  UK  WATER  SAMPLES  FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-7   ,  WI
SAMPLK NO.   WELL  1
           WELL 4 BKG  WELL 2
                      WELL 3
               G4 AND G5 GROUP RESULTS*  MG/L
FLUORIDE
CYANIDE
PHENOLS
MERCURY
CHROMIUM+b
SELENIUM
SULEATE
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

CHLORIDE
PHOSPHATE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
    ,2600
   <,0050
    ,0400
   <,000b
   <,0300

   <,0100
    ,1000
   3,300
 240.000
    i,000
1350.000
   <,003
  32.000
  bt>.000
   ,4700
  <,0050
   ,0400
  <,000b
  <*,0300

  <,0100
   ,1000
 20,000
 7b,000
 30,000

180,000
   ,060
 12,000
  8,800
  .0000
 <.0050
  .0600
 <.0005
 <.0300

 <.0100
  .5900
  .000
74,000
36,000

  .000
  ,000
 3,900
 4.800
   ,3100
  <,0050
   ,0300
  <,0005
  <,0300

  <,0100
   ,0300
  6,600
240,000
100,000

 11,000
  <.003
 28,000
118,000
                           A-325

-------
               ANALYSIS OK  WATCH SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-7  ,  Wl



                     SAMPLE WEia, 1
               OKGANICS  CROUP  KESULTSf  MG/L
PCHS
ELECTKONE(;ATiVE COMPOUNDS  PHKSKNT  
-------
               ANALYSIS  OK  WATER  SAMPLES  EROM

                    WISCONSIN  S-7   ,  WI



                    SAMPLE WELL  4 BKG
               ORGANICS GROUP RESULTS, MG/L


PChS
          ATlVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT <,001
PKSTICIDES
< „ 0 0 1
VOLAT11ES,
HEAVY OHGAN1CS:<,01,LIGHT VULATILKS:<1
                          REMARKS


PPT NOTED IN CN tlOTTLE


SITE ACCEPTED UATTERY WASTE


SAMPLE VERY TURHID


BACKGROUND WELL


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  44 ET


DISTANCE EROM DISPOSAL AREAl  20 ET
                            A-327

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN s-7  ,  MI



                     SAMPLE WELL 2
                ORGANICS  GROUP  RESULTS,  MG/L
PC US
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT  <,00i
<.OOJ
VOI.ATII-ES
HKAVY ORGANICS:<,01 , LIGHT  VOLATILES: H .4  S,  4,2
                          REMARKS
PPT NOTED  IN CN MOTTLE


SITE ACCEPTED UATTERY WASTE


SAMPI>E VERY TURhID
TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  24 FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  230 FT
                           A-328

-------
               ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES FROM

                    WISCONSIN S-7  , WI



                     SAMPLE WELL 3
                ORGANJCS  GROUP RESULTS,  MG/L
PCI1S
ELECTRONEGATIVE COMPOUNDS  PRESENT <,001
PESTICIDES
<.001
VOLATILES
HEAVY ORGANJCS:  <,01,LIGHT  VOLATILES:<1
                           REMARKS


PPT NOTED  IN CN s,  PHENOL  BOTTLES


SITE ACCEPTED BATTERY WASTE
SAMPLE VERY


TOTAL WELL DEPTH:  2b FT


DISTANCE FROM DISPOSAL AREA:  50 FT
                           A-329

-------
                          APPENDIX B

                           GLOSSARY

     Definitions listed in this glossary are included to help
the reader in understanding the description of the project work.
They do not represent EPA policy, nor do they have any legal
connotation.

Alluvium - A general term for sediments laid down by rivers and
streams.

Aquiclude - A saturated but poorly permeable bed, formation, or
group of formations that impedes ground-water movement and does
not yield water freely to a well or spring.  However, an aqui-
clude may transmit appreciable water to or from adjacent aqui-
fers, and where sufficiently thick, may constitute an important
ground-water storage unit.

Aquifer - A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of
a formation that is capable of yielding water to a well or
spring.

Artesian - The occurrence of ground water under greater than
atmospheric pressure.

Artesian (Confined) Aquifer - An aquifer bounded by aquicludes
and containing water under artesian conditions.

Artificial Recharge - The addition of water to the ground-water
reservoir by activities of man.

Background Well - A well yielding water that most nearly char-
acterizes ambient chemical quality conditions at a particular
site.

Base Flow - That portion of stream flow which is composed sole-
ly of ground-water discharge.

Bedrock - Any solid rock exposed at the surface of the earth or
overlain by unconsolidated material.

Bore Hole - An uncased drilled hole.

Brine - A concentrated solution, especially of chloride salts.

Carbonate - A general term describing the class of sedimentary
rocks consisting chiefly of calcium or magnesium carbonate.
Such rocks often contain cracks, crevices, and cavities formed
by chemical action, which can serve as pathways for ground wa-
ter .
                                B-l

-------
Casing - Steel or plastic pipe or tubing that is welded or
screwed together and lowered into a bore hole to prevent entry
of loose rock, gas, or liquid or to prevent loss of drilling
fluid into porous, cavernous, or fractured strata^

Cone of Depression - The depression, approximately conical in
shape, that is formed in a water-table or potentiometric sur-
face when water is removed from an aquifer.

Consolidated - A term describing earth materials which have
been cohesively bound together as solid rock by natural geo-
logic processes.

Contamination - The degradation of natural water quality as a
result of man's activities, to the extent that its usefulness
is impaired.  There is no implication of any specific limits,
since the degree of permissible contamination depends upon the
intended end use, or uses, of the water.

Crystalline Rock - An inexact general term for igneous and met-
amorphic rock as opposed to sedimentary rocks.

Downgradient - In the direction of lower hydraulic head;  the
direction in which ground water flows.

Drumlins - Gravel hills that were formed by glaciers, have an
elongated form, and are generally steepest toward one side.

Dry Well - A bore hole or well that does not extend into the
zone of saturation.

Dump - An uncovered land disposal site where solid and/or liq-
uid wastes are deposited with little or no regard for pollution
control or aesthetics.  Dumps are susceptible to open burning
and are exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers.

Effluent - A waste liquid discharge from a manufacturing or
treatment process, in its natural state, or partially or com-
pletely treated, that discharges into the environment.

Electronegative Compounds - See halogenated compounds.  These
compounds are measured using electron capture detectors in gas
chromatography.

Estuarine - Term describing a geologic environment associated
with drainage channels adjacent to the sea in which the tide
ebbs and flows.

Field Capacity - The moisture content of the soil after water
has been removed by deep seepage through the force of gravity.
It is the moisture retained largely by capillary forces.
                                B-2

-------
Flow Path - The direction of movement of ground water and any
contaminants that may be contained therein, as governed prin-
cipally by the hydraulic gradient.

Fluvial - Term describing a geologic environment associated
with rivers and streams.

Fracture - A break in a rock formation due to structural
stresses.  Fractures may occur as faults, shears, joints, and
planes of fracture cleavage.

Geomorphology - That branch of both physiography and geology
which deals with the form of the earth, the general configura-
tion of its surface, and the changes that take place in the
evolution of land forms.

Ground Water - Water beneath the land surface in the saturated
zone that is under atmospheric or artesian pressure.  The water
that enters wells and issues from springs.

Ground-Water Reservoir - The earth materials and the interven-
ing open spaces that contain ground water.

Halogenated Compounds - Organic compounds most frequently con-
taining chlorine or bromine as part of the molecular structure.

Hazardous - Any substance or combination of substances which
pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health
or living organisms.

Head - The height above a standard datum of the surface of a
column of water that can be supported by the static pressure at
a given point.

Heavy Metals - Metallic elements, including the transition se-
ries, which include many elements required for plant and animal
nutrition in trace concentrations, but which become toxic at
higher concentrations.  Examples are:  mercury, chromium, cad-
mium, and lead.

Heavy Volatile Compounds - Organic compounds with boiling
points above 150°C.

Hydraulic Conductivity - The quantity of water that will flow
through a unit cross-sectional area of a porous material per
unit of time under a hydraulic gradient of 1.00 at a specified
temperature.

Hydraulic Gradient - The change in static head per unit of dis-
tance along a flow path.

Infiltration - The flow of a liquid through pores or small open-
ings .
                                B-3

-------
Intermittent Stream - A stream which flows only part of the
time.

Ion Exchange - Reversible exchange of ions adsorbed on a miner-
al or synthetic polymer surface with ions in solution in con-
tact with the surface.  In the case of clay minerals, polyva-
lent ions tend to exchange for nonvalent ions.

Kame - A conical hill or short irregular ridge of gravel or
sand deposited in contact with glacial ice.

Lacustrine - Term describing a geologic environment associated
with lakes.

Lagoon - A waste-water impoundment that receives liquid and/or
sludge and may be lined or unlined.

Landfill - A land disposal site located without regard to possi-
ble effects on water resources, but which employs intermittent
or daily cover to minimize scavenger, aesthetic, vector, and
air pollution problems.

Leachate - The liquid that has percolated through solid waste
or other man-emplaced medium from which soluble components have
been removed.

Light Volatile Compounds- - Organic compounds with boiling
points below 150°C.

Lithology - The physical character of a rock, generally re-
ferred to in terms of a rock type.

Loess - A sediment,  commonly nonstratified and unconsolidated,
composed of silt-size particles deposited primarily by the wind.

Mineralization - Increases in concentration of one or more con-
stituents as the natural result of contact of ground water with
geologic formations.

Monitoring (Observation)  Well - A well used to measure ground-
water levels and to obtain water samples for water-quality anal-
ysis .

Nonpoint Source - The contaminant enters the receiving water in
an intermittent and/or diffuse manner.

Organic - Being, containing, or relating to carbon compounds,
especially in which hydrogen is attached to carbon, whether de-
rived from living organisms or not;  usually distinguished from
inorganic or mineral.

Outwash - Sediments deposited by melt-water streams beyond ac-
tive glacier ice.
                                B-4

-------
Overburden - All material  (loose soil, sand, gravel, etc.) that
lies above bedrock.  In mining, any material, consolidated or
unconsolidated, that overlies an ore body, especially deposits
mined from the surface by open cuts.

Oxidation - A chemical reaction in which there is an increase
in valence resulting from a loss of electrons;  in contrast to
reduction.

Percolate - The water moving by gravity or hydrostatic pressure
through interstices of unsaturated rock or soil.

Percolation - Movement of percolate under gravity or hydro-
static pressure.

Perennial Stream - One which flows continuously.  Perennial
streams are generally fed in part by ground water.

Permeability - A measure of the capacity of a porous medium to
transmit fluid.

Piezometric Surface - The surface defined by the levels to
which ground water will rise in tightly cased wells that tap an
artesian aquifer.

Plume - A body of contaminated ground water originating from a
specific source and influenced by such factors as the local
ground-water flow pattern, density of contaminants, and char-
acter of the aquifer.

Point Source - Any discernible, confined and discrete convey-
ance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel,
tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling
stock, or concentrated animal feeding operation from which con-
taminants are or may be discharged.

Potentiometric Surface - Used synonymously with piezometric sur-
face.

Public Water Supply - A system in which there is a purveyor and
customers;  the purveyor may be a private company, a municipal-
ity.- or other governmental agency -

Recharge - The addition of water to the ground-water system by
natural or artificial processes.

Reduction - A chemical reaction in which there is a decrease in
valence as a result of gaining of electrons.

Residual Soil - Soil formed in place by the decomposition of
the same kind of rock upon which the soil lies.
                                B-5

-------
Runoff - Direct or overland runoff is that portion of rainfall
which is not absorbed by soil, evaporated or transpired by
plants, but finds its way into streams as surface flow.  That
portion which is absorbed by soil and later discharged to sur-
face streams is ground-water runoff.

Salt-Water Intrusion - Movement of salty ground water so that
it replaces fresh ground water.

Sanitary Landfill - A land disposal site employing an engi-
neered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner
that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid
wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid wastes to the small-
est practical volume and applying and compacting cover material
at the end of each operating day.

Saturated Zone - The zone in which interconnected interstices
are saturated with water under pressure equal to or greater
than atmospheric.

Screened Interval - The section of a well casing which is
slotted, perforated, or otherwise open to permit the entrance
of ground water into the casing.

Sinkhole - A funnel-shaped depression in the land surface gener-
ally in a limestone region which has been developed by solution
action.

Sludge - The solid residue resulting from a manufacturing or
waste-water treatment process which also produces a liquid
stream  (effluent).

Solution - The process by which moving water chemically dis-
solves limestone and other carbonate rocks to form solution
channels, sinkholes, and associated features.

Specific Conductance - The ability of a cubic centimetre of wa-
ter to conduct electricity;  varies directly with the amount of
ionized minerals in the water.

Strata - Beds or layers of rock.

Surface Resistivity (Electric Resistivity Surveying)  - A geo-
physical prospecting operation in which the relative values of
the earth's electrical resistivity are interpreted to define
subsurface geologic and hydrologic conditions.

Surface Water - That portion of water that appears on the land
surface, i.e., oceans, lakes, rivers.

Till - Nonsorted, nonstratified sediment carried or deposited
by a glacier.
                                B-6

-------
Toxicity - The ability of a material to produce injury or dis-
ease upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation by a
living organism.

Unconsolidated - A term describing earth materials which have
not been cohesively bound together as solid rock, such as sand
and gravel.

Unsaturated Zone (Zone of Aeration) - Consists of interstices
occupied partially by water and partially by air, and is limit-
ed above by the land surface and below by the water table.

Upgradient - In the direction of higher hydraulic head (see
Downgradient).

Water-Table Aquifer - An aquifer containing water under atmos-
pheric conditions.

Well - An artificial excavation that derives fluid from the in-
terstices of the rocks or soils which it penetrates, except
that the term is not applied to ditches or tunnels that lead
ground water to the surface by gravity.  With respect to the
method of construction, wells may be divided into dug wells,
bored wells, drilled wells, and driven wells.

Well Capacity - The rate at which a well will yield water.

Withdrawal - The volume of water pumped from a well or wells.
                                B-7

-------
             APPENDIX C






PENN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS,  INC,




     QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
                 C-l

-------
                      PENN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
                         FORT PITT PROFESSIONAL BUILDING
                               1517 WOODRUFF STREET
                               PITTSBURGH, PA. 15220
                                     412-381-1133
July 19, 1977
Olin C. Braids, Ph.D.
Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
44 Sintsink Drive East
Port Washington, New York   11050

Dear Dr. Braids:

     With respect to your request for information regarding PEC's quality
assurance program, I would like to offer the following description of that
program.

     The basic program includes checking all calibration curves daily, or
between every 20 samples, with a standard solution.  These checks must be
within 10% of the original curve.  Duplicate samples are run every ten samples
and results must fall within 2 standard deviations.  If the above accuracy
limits are not met, the corresponding tests on water samples are discarded
and repeated.  EPA reference samples are run quarterly and results must be
within 2 standard deviations.

     Monthly control charts are kept for each parameter and filled in daily
by the analysts.  These charts show the number of samples run, the results of
standards, and the results of duplicates.  In addition, daily control charts
are tabulated.  These charts list all the parameters analyzed for each day,
results of standards and their % error, and the results of the duplicate
samples and their standard deviation.

     Monthly control charts record temperatures of all ovens and incubators
as checked by a certified NBS thermometer.  Analytical balances are checked
monthly with class S weights and data recorded.  Balances are also serviced
annually by a professional service representative.

     On a monthly basis, unknown samples are submitted to the laboratory as
routine samples without the knowledge of the analyst.  Results obtained on
these samples are used to assure quality control in the laboratory, and to
determine any variance in the methodology or manipulation by an analyst.

     Also on a monthly basis, Westinghouse Atomic Bettis submits control
samples to us for the analysis of the parameters involved in their testing
programs.
                                      C-2

-------
                                                      Olin C. Braids, Ph.D.
                                                      Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
                                                      July 19, 1977
                                                      Page Two
     Westinghouse Environmental Systems Department submits duplicates along
with every group of samples.  Normally, these duplicate samples account for
approximately 10% to 15% of the total samples.  These duplicates are unknown
to our analyst.  Westinghouse tabulates the data with respect to reproduci-
bility and variance of our analyses.

     Penn Environmental Consultants is active in the Cincinnati EPA reference
check sample program, and is on the list of analytical laboratories receiving
EPA reference samples.

     PEC has been working with SCS Engineers of Long Beach, California with a
check sample program bid into the contract.  Every month, SCS Engineers submits
one high and one low check sample prepared by the EPA for verification of PEC
data.

     Finally, PEC has been asked by the EPA to participate in a round robin
involving eleven (11) testing laboratories throughout the United States to
determine acceptable methodology for the analysis of leachates.  This program
is anticipated to start during the next two months and will last for approxi-
mately twelve  (12) months.  Seven (7) governmental agencies and four (4)
commercial laboratories are participating in this study.

     Olin, I hope you now have sufficient information on Penn Environmental
Consultants' Quality Assurance Program.  Should you have any questions con-
cerning any of the information, please do not hesitate to call me.
Sincere;
Richard E.^Mazinski
Manager of Analytical Services

REM:ljs
                                     C-3

-------
                          APPENDIX D




       CONTRACTOR OBSERVATIONS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF WORK




     During the course of this investigation, it became appar-




ent that passage over a two-year period of the Safe Drinking Wa-




ter Act (PL 93-523) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery




Act (PL 94-580) has had a major impact on State environmental




activities.  New hazardous waste legislation has been approved;




regulations are being developed to implement State statutes and




to promote greater control over land disposal practices; and




environmental agencies are being reorganized.  This activity is




consuming administrative manpower in the majority of States vis-




ited.   On the technical level, there has been a.widespread re-




distribution of staff responsibilities toward ground-water mat-




ters,  with reassigned personnel for the most part untrained in




ground-water protection requirements.  It was also observed




that the additional agency workload brought on by new legisla-




tion has been imposed at a time when the administrative require-




ments  associated with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act




Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-500) continue to require major per-




sonnel and budget commitments, for example Section 208 plan-




ning.




     Six of the States visited are in the process of preparing




hazardous waste laws or are formulating regulations required un-




der newly approved legislation.  In most cases, promulgation of




regulations will take up to 18 months, dependent upon the out-




come of required public hearings.  Another eight of the States




visited have special hazardous waste laws and regulations in ef-



                               D-l

-------
feet.  The remaining 10 States are operating under old solid


waste laws and regulations, not specifically directed at con-


trolling the disposal of hazardous wastes.


     Uncertainty associated with what will ultimately be con-


tained in hazardous waste regulations and the shortage of per-


sonnel trained in ground-water management did not prevent State


officials from fully cooperating throughout the study.  Overall,


those interviewed are very much aware of the implementation


shortcomings of their existing regulations with respect to


ground-water protection and felt that correction is possible


only through a dramatic increase in staff and funding.


     Specifically, there is uncertainty as to which substances


to include and exclude from hazardous waste regulation.  For in-


stance, many of the constituents classified as hazardous for


this study, especially organic compounds, are not listed in


drinking water standards nor have health effects been estab-


lished.  This magnifies the difficulty of determining the


health implications of some of the contaminants going to the


land.  Some of the States visited have developed proposed lists


of hazardous substances that must be regulated to protect


ground water, but health agencies are not certain of the valid-


ity of such lists with respect to toxicity-


     Generators of hazardous waste and operators of the various


disposal sites inspected and sampled were generally cooperative


and expressed a need for more guidance with regard to setting


specific regulatory parameters for land disposal of hazardous


waste.  Of particular interest was definition of the types of
                                                              «•


                              D-2

-------
potentially hazardous wastes amenable to land disposal, and of




how such wastes might be disposed of with a minimum effect on




the environment.  Regulatory agency personnel and site opera-




tors expressed frustration at the poor state of the art concern-




ing the ability to predict effects of attenuation processes on




the migration of hazardous constituents.




     Survey results, backed up by observations of State agency




personnel and documentation available in State files, made it




apparent that data on landfills is considerably more complete




than data for lagoons receiving industrial wastes.  The majori-




ty of surface impoundments are located within industrial plant




sites and receive wastes from one generator.  On the other hand,




many landfills are on public property and receive a mixture of




municipal and industrial wastes from many sources.  Thus, land-




fills are a more visible potential source of contamination.




Permitting procedures for siting, management, and closure are




generally more rigorous.  In addition. State agency officials




reported considerable difficulty with inventorying various char-



acteristics of waste lagoons because of the different terms




used by many industrial plant engineers to describe impound-




ments.  Confusion exists because of the many processes for




which impoundments are used, their great range in size, the in-




termittent and variable character of the effluent discharged,




and the lack of appreciation of the interrelationship between




lagoon leakage and potential adverse effects on ground-water




quality.



     A substantial proportion of hazardous wastes produced in





                              D-3

-------
some States of each region is apparently being shipped out of



state.  Invariably in each region, there are one or two States



receiving a major share of the transported industrial waste.



In the northeast, some regulatory agencies have the policy of




limiting, as much as possible, further disposal of hazardous



wastes within their State because of a real or anticipated



shortage of disposal sites.  This shortage encourages transport



of such wastes across State borders in unknown quantities for



disposal at inadequately recorded disposal sites.  Similar situ-



ations occur in other regions of the country as suggested by



the inventory and visits to State agencies in the midwest and



southeast.



     Discussions with regulatory agency personnel regarding sit-



ing new facilities for hazardous waste disposal clearly indi-



cate that soil conditions, hydrogeologic factors, and other en-



vironmental considerations are being fully considered in the



siting of new facilities.  However, there is general concern



for the ongoing pollution from old abandoned landfills and la-



goons, because so many are sited in unfavorable geologic envi-



ronments, ownership is obscure, and records describing their



operation are minimal or lost.



     A requirement that the disposer be responsible for long-



term monitoring and custodial care of completed landfill sites



can be met by special bonding or funds supported by disposers.



However, this concept is new and perpetual care of old, aban-



doned sites typically is undertaken at government expense or be-



comes the subject of costly litigation to assign responsibilities,





                              D-4

-------
Inspections of abandoned sites revealed that they were  neither



being monitored nor receiving custodial care.




     During the site inventory and inspection phases of this



project, documented but unpublished cases of hazardous waste mi-



gration in ground water were found in the basic data files of



the various State regulatory agencies.  These cases did not




meet project criteria in that contamination already had been



proven.  However, the design and operation of the waste dispos-




al facilities involved in the damage cases were similar to proj-



ect sites finally sampled, where migration of contamination was



confirmed.  For this reason, a discussion seems merited regard-



ing the type and degree of corrective measures typically em-



ployed.



     In cases where an aquifer becomes contaminated, corrective



measures applied are not always optimum with regard to possible



future harm to water supply sources.  Typically, the cheapest



and fastest solution possible was employed.  Such solutions gen-



erally involved replacement of affected water supply wells, if



an uncontaminated aquifer was available.  Where no such aquifer



was readily available, an accessible public water supply system




was utilized.



     In most cases, even when the pollutant was uniquely indica-



tive of only one source, the polluter had to be proved responsi-



ble before corrective action could be enforced.  In a few



others, where the source of contamination was irrefutable, and



where public pressure was severe, corrective action was assumed



by the polluter without litigation.  Aquifer cleanup was seldom




                              D-5

-------
considered or performed in the documented cases reviewed during



the project.  Instead, elimination of the contaminants was left



to natural, corrective mechanisms within the affected aquifer,



such as attenuation, dilution, and/or eventual discharge to



surface-water bodies.  This decision was based on the substantial



cost of typical ground-water pollution abatement systems and



the overall complexity of aquifer cleanup in almost any geologic



environment.



                          Conclusions



     Listed below are conclusions in addition to those presented



previously in the main body of the report.  They are based on



information obtained during the study but are outside the contract



scope of work.



     1.   Waste disposal facilities within industrial plant prop-



          erties represent an especially significant problem be-



          cause the sites are hidden from public view, have not



          been subjected to detailed inventory, and are not nor-



          mally monitored.



     2.   The use of engineered systems to isolate hazardous sub-



          stances from ground water at industrial waste land dis-



          posal sites is rare.



     3.   Pollution abatement options as they relate to ground



          water are complex and costly.



     4.   The typical solution to contamination of ground water



          with hazardous substances is to develop an alternative



          water supply, with minimum effort given to limiting



          additional pollution of the aquifer or to cleaning up
                                                                 *


                              D-6

-------
      the affected resource.



 5.    Industrial waste disposal sites normally are monitored




      only to satisfy a specific regulatory requirement.




 6.    Even in States where monitoring has been required for




      several years, old sites receiving industrial wastes




      are still not monitored.




 7.    Abandoned sites are generally not monitored, and




      their presence is not usually recorded with the regu-




      latory agency.




 8.    Records on the source,  type,  and quantity of industrial




      wastes received at disposal sites are incomplete, even




      where regulations call  for such records.




 9.    Dissemination of and action on monitoring data indi-




      cating contamination at a particular site is compli-




      cated by overlapping responsibilities of State regula-




      tory agencies.




10.    Regulation of land disposal of industrial wastes is




      generally fragmented among a number of State and local



      agencies with diverse interests, jurisdictions, and




      objectives.




11.    The lack of proper funding of regulatory agencies lim-




      its their ability to respond promptly and effectively




      to ground-water contamination problems.




12.    Guidance from Federal,  State, and local agencies on the




      overall approach to industrial waste management as  it




      relates to ground-water protection is still in the  for-




      mative stage.






                          D-7

-------
13.     Those involved in the siting, design, and regulation of

       industrial waste disposal sites generally are not

       trained in the practical application of techniques to

       protect ground-water quality.

14.     The lack of a clear definition of hazardous wastes and

       the absence of standards for establishing thresholds of

       toxicity are limiting the ability to protect ground wa-

       ter from contamination by land disposal of industrial

       wastes.

15.     Many legal definitions and interpretations of ground

       water, water table, and aquifers, as related to the

       siting and monitoring of waste disposal sites, do not

       conform to principles of ground-water occurrence, move-

       ment, and susceptibility to pollution.

16.     Regulations that consider ground water and surface

       water as a single resource are generally the most suc-

       cessful in protecting the environment against poor

       land disposal practices.

17.     Inventorying and permitting lagoons and other liquid

       waste disposal facilities lag behind such efforts di-

       rected towards landfills.

18.     Some States, because of their inability to enforce

       regulations, are receiving unknown quantities and types

       of industrial waste from other States.

19.     The outstanding cooperation received during this study

       from State and local regulatory agency personnel demon-

       strates a widespread interest in minimizing future ad-.

       verse effects from land disposal of hazardous wastes.

                            D-8                        ya!571
                                                       SW-634
                                      *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE  1977 U-260-880/102

-------
Region I
John F. Kennedy Bldg.
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 223-7210

Region II
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10007
(212) 264-2515

Region III
6th & Walnut Sts.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
(215) 597-9814

Region IV
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30308
(404) 881-4727

Region V
230 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-2000

Region VI
1201 Elm St., First International Bldg.
Dallas, TX 75270
(214) 749-1962

Region VII
1735 Baltimore Ave.
Kansas City, MO 64108
(816) 374-5493

Region VIII
1860 Lincoln St.
Denver, CO 80203
(303) 837-3895

Region IX
100 California St.
San Francisco, CA 94111
(415) 556-2320

Region X
1200 6th Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-5810
U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
                            Regional Offices
                                                                        r\

-------