PB95-964415
                                 EPA/ROD/R08-95/111
                                 March 1996
EPA  Superfund
       Record of Decision:
       F. E. Warren Air Force Base,
       Operable Unit 5, Area 2, WY
       11/3/1994

-------
              DECLARATION FOR THE RECORD OF DECISION
        FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING AREA 2 , OPERABLE UNIT 5
1.0 SITE NAME AND LOCATION

F.  E.  Warren Air Force Base-
Cheyenne ,  Wyoming



2.0 STATEMENT OF BASIS AND PURPOSE

      The selected remedy  for Operable Unit 5  (OD5),  Fire Protection Training
Area 2  (FPTA2) , at F.E.  Warren Air Force Base  (Base) , in Cheyenne, Wyoming is NO
ACTION.  The selected action, the second  at the Base, was chosen in accordance
with the Comprehensive  Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) ,  as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA) , and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
(NCP).   The selected remedy addresses only risks associated with soils at OD5,
FPTA2.   This decision is based on the Administrative Record for the site.  The
United  States  Environmental  Protection  Agency  (EPA)  and  State  of  Wyoming
Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ),  as oversight agencies,  concur with
the selected remedy.  The United States  Air Force is  the lead  agency for the
site.
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED REMEDY

    The selected remedy for OU5, FPTA2 is that  no  remedial action is required.
OU5 is the second of ten operable  units  to be  investigated under terms of the
Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) .   The' others  are:   OU1  -  Spill  Sites; OU2  -
Facility Ground water; OU3 - Landfills 3 and 6; OU4  - Acid Dry Wells; OU 6 - Open
Burning/Open Detonation  Area; OU7  - Firing Range (s) ,- OU 8- Landfill 5; OU9-
Landfills 2 and 4; and OU10- Landfill 7  and Fire Protection Training Area 1.  All
of the investigations are being conducted in  accordance with the FFA.  It is
anticipated that the Record of Decision  (ROD)  for  OU2 will be issued after the
remedial investigation (RI) has been completed for the other operable units.



4.0 DECLARATION STATEMENT

    The United -States Air Force  (USAF)  has determined, with the concurrence of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , and the  State of Wyoming (WDEQ) , that
no remedial action is required at the FPTA 2 area.  The Baseline Risk Assessment
 (BRA) conducted in 1993,  as  part of the remedial  investigation concluded that
contaminants left in the soil pose no  significant risk to human health or the
environment.  The BRA did not address ground water. Potential impact to ground
water from FPTA 2 will be determined under OU2.  Additional  discussions regarding
considerations made in arriving at  this decision are  contained in the Decision
Summary for the Record of Decision  - Fire Protection Training Area 2. Operable
Unit  5  and the Responsiveness  Summary.  Record of Decision  -  Fire  Protection
Training Area 2.  Operable Unit 5 which  are attached to this declaration and are
incorporated herein by reference.

    CERCLA Section 121 (c), 42 U.S.C. Section 9621(c) , requires a five-year review
in the  event  that  hazardous  substances, pollutants  or contaminants  remain on
site.  The USAF will conduct  a review five years after issuance of this ROD.

-------
5.0 SIGNATURE OF AGENCY ACCEPTANCE OF REMEDY (EPA)

    The undersigned representative concurs with this  Record of Decision for Operable
Unit 5,  Fire Protection Training Area.2, at F. E.  Warren AFB, Wyoming.
WILLIAM P. YELltoWTAIL
Regional Administrator
EPA Region VI3/I
                                               li
                                                   Da/e

-------
5.0 SIGNATURE OF AGENCY ACCEPTANCE OF REMEDY (WDEQ)
    The undersignejd representative concurs with this Record of Decision for Operable
Unit 5,  Fire Protfetetion Training Area 2,  at F. E. Warren AFB, Wyoming.
DENNIS HE
Director /
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
Date

-------
                 nu
5.0 SIGNATURE OF AGENCY ACCEPTANCE OF REMEDY (USAF)

    The undersigned representative concurs with this Record of Decision for Operable Unit 5, Fire
Protection Training Area 2, at F. E. Warren AFB, Wyoming.                              i
PATRICK P. CARUANA, LT GEN, USAF
Air Force Space Command
Peterson AFB CO

-------
          DECISION SUMMARY FOR THE RECORD OF DECISION

        FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING AREA 2 , OPERABLE UNIT 5

1.0 SITE NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION

    F. E.  Warren  Air Force Base (Base),  occupies approximately 5,866 acres
immediately adjacent to  the  west  side of the City of Cheyenne,  Wyoming  (Figure
1-Base Map) .

      The Base was placed on the National Priority List  on  February 21, 1990.
Historically,  the Base has  served a number  of military  functions,  including;
cavalry outpost,  quartermaster  depot  and intercontinental  ballistic missile
operations base.  Operations began at  the U.  S.  Army outpost named  Fort D. A.
Russell in 1867.  The name was changed to Fort F. E. Warren  in 1930.  The Base
was a major training facility during and after World War II.   Fort F. E. Warren
was transferred to the newly formed U. S. Air Force in 1947 and was subsequently
named F. E. Warren Air Force Base.  The Base underwent extensive renovation after
World War II.   The majority  of the Army training facilities  were torn down and
not replaced.   Construction  since that time has centered on  facilities for Air
Force operations.    Beginning  in  1958,   F.  E. Warren Air Force Base became a
Strategic Air Command (SAC)  base.  Since then, F. E. Warren  Air Force Base has
served as an operations center for, first,  the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile (ICBM) ,  followed by the Minuteman I and III and finally, the Peacekeeper
(MX) ICBMs.  The Base was part  of Air Combat Command JACC)  from 1992 to 1993, and
in July 1993,  became part  of Space Command.

    F. E. Warren Air Force Base  is bordered by agricultural land and rural or
suburban residential areas.  The  Base contains 831 residential housing units and
several unaccompanied personnel housing units (barracks) , along with the services
required by residents.  The nearest  residences  to OD5,  FPTA2, are in Carlin
Heights,   approximately  1,700  feet   to  the south;   in   "Sergeant's  Row",
approximately 2,000  feet  to the northeast;  and  four  unaccompanied-enlisted-
personnel housing units  approximately 1,500 feet to the southwest.



2.0 SITE HISTORY AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVniES

      Operable Unit 5 (OU5), Fire Protection Training Area 2  (FPTA2)  is bounded
by Missouri Avenue, Old Glory Road, and Pronghorn Road.  FPTA2 is about a quarter
of a mile south of Crow Creek (Figure 2) .  Flammable substances such as waste
oils,  solvents, gasoline, and aviation fuel were  used  in  the  fire training
exercises.  During  each training exercise,  approximately  300-400  gallons of
flammable liquids  were poured on  the ground in circular bermed area, ignited and
then extinguished.  From 1965 to  1974, various waste flammable liquids were used
in the training exercises.   In contrast,  from 1975 to 1989, JP-4 (jet fuel) was
used as the primary flammable  liquid.

    On September 26,  1991,  a Federal Facility Agreement  (FFA) was signed between
the USAF,  EPA,  and WDEQ.  The FFA is required by Section 120  of CERCLA.  The FFA
provides  the  framework for EPA  and  WDEQ  oversight  of continuing remedial
investigations at  the Base and further identifies  USAF investigation activities
and schedules.   F. E. Warren  Air Force Base submits work plans and reports to EPA
and WDEQ for review and concurrence, in accordance with the  FFA.

    OU5 is the second of ten operable units for which RODs will be prepared.

-------
                                WYOMING
                                    LARAM1E
                                    COUNTY
       ~\ r
      ->H
Round
Top
Lake
v i"""
N^..
x, I '•$
               F.E. WARREN   T
               AIR FORCE    \
41«06'1S*
                               1
                                          3 MILES
                                         	i
                                2   3 KILOMETERS

                              EXPLANATION

                INSTALLATION BOUNDARY    	
                                        CHEYENNE CITY BOUNDARY
            Figure 1

-------
               CMOOO
                            lorsrw
                             C585.300
M17«.JOO |-
                                                                Or» proUclloii
                                                                training ar«a
                                                                lirnu
NI73.400 |-
                                                 200
                                               1   '
          400 HE!
                                              I.
                                               '50
     too UCICRS

FIGURE 2
                                               CXPUHATIOM

                                             APPBOHUATE
                                               or rittt rwuciion
                                                      ART A. 2

-------
3.0 HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

    The USAF has prepared and implemented a community relations plan (CRP) in
accordance with CERCLA requirements,  and the FFA. The CRP describes community
involvement activities the USAF will undertake during remedial activities at F.
E. Warren Air Force Base.  The USAF has followed the requirements of the  CRP,
including  issuance of  periodic fact  sheets,  holding  public  meetings,  and
providing the opportunity for public comment on the Proposed Plan throughout the
OU5 investigation.

    The Administrative Record has been established at an on-base location and at
the Laramie County Public Library.  The  USAF has  prepared and distributed  fact
sheets to all persons or groups identified on the CRP mailing list (approximately
1400).

    The announcement of the commencement of the public comment  period was  made
on January 16, 1994,  through advertisements in the Wyoming Tribune-Eagle and in
the Casper Star-Tribune.  These advertisements announced and outlined the public
comment period and public meeting.  The public comment period was scheduled  from
January 31 to March 1,  1994.  A public meeting was held at Cheyenne,  Wyoming on
February 10,  1994.  Several verbal comments  were presented and are summarized in
the official transcript of the meeting.   The transcript has  been placed in the
Administrative Record.

    In addition to the newspaper announcements, the USAF issued press releases
which resulted in articles published in the Wyoming"Tribune  on February  3,  1994
and Wyoming Eagle on February 4, 1994.  An article appeared in the Base Sentinel
Paper on January 21,  1994.

    One written comment was received during the public comment period. Responses
to all comments on the Proposed Plan are presented in the Responsiveness  Summary
of this ROD.
4.0  SCOPE AND ROLE OF OPERABLE UNIT

    F. E. Warren Air Force Base has been divided into ten operable units  (OUs) .
These are:   OUl-Spill  Sites;  OU2-Facility Ground Water; OU3-Landfills 3 & 6;
OU4-Acid Dry Wells; OUS-Fire Protection Training Area 2;  OU6-Open Burning/Open
Detonation Area; OU7-Firing Range(s); OU8-Landfill 5;  OU9-Landfills 2 and 4; and
OU10-Landfill 7 and Fire Protection Training Area 1.   OUS is the second  of the
ten OUs to be investigated under the FFA.  The OUS Baseline Risk Assessment (BRA)
demonstrated no significant risk to  human health or the environment from the
contaminants found in the  soil at this OU.   Ground water beneath OUS,  FPTA2 will
addressed as part of OU2.
5.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

      Operable Unit 5 (OUS), Fire Protection Training Area 2 (FPTA2)  is bounded
by Missouri Avenue,  Old Glory Road,  and Pronghorn Road.  FPTA2 is about a quarter
of a mile  south  of  Crow  Creek  (Figure 2) .  Flammable substances such as waste
oils,  solvents,  gasoline,  and aviation  fuel  were used  in the fire training
exercises.   During each training  exercise,  approximately 300-400 gallons of
flammable liquids were poured on the ground in  circular bermed area, ignited and
then extinguished.  From  1965 to 1974, various  waste flammable liquids were  used
in the training exercises.   In  contrast,  from  1975 to 1989, JP-4 (jet fuel) was
used as the primary flammable liquid.

-------
    A remedial investigation of FPTA2 was initiated in September 1992.  The USAF
characterized the operable unit, hydrologically and in terms of contamination,
with analytical  results from soil and ground water  sampling.   The results of
those sampling efforts, and risk assessment, are contained in the Final Remedial
Investigation Report,  dated December 17, 1993.


  The contaminants  of  concern (COC)  for subsurface are ethylbenzene and total
xylenes.  The COCs for  surface soil were ethylbenzene,  lead, octachlorodi-benzo-
p-dioxins, total xylenes and  zinc.  Acetone was found in three soil samples at
0.18 to 13 milligrams per kilogram.    Ethylbenzene  was detected  in  two soil
samples at concentrations of 22 to 33 milligrams per kilogram. Total  xylenes were
detected in five samples from one soil boring, ranging from 0.13 to 28 milligrams
per kilogram.



6.0 SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS

    As  part  of  the  remedial  investigation, the USAF  prepared a Baseline Risk
Assessment (BRA) which evaluated the risks associated with the contamination at
the FPTA2.  The BRA consisted of human health and ecological risk  assessments,
including  the identification  of  potential contaminants of concern,  exposure
assessments,  toxicity assessments,   risk  characterization,  and  uncertainty
analysis. The BRA evaluated risks associated with soil contamination only.  Risks
associated  with  contaminants present  in  ground  -water,  surface water,  and
streambed sediments at OU5, FPTA2, will be evaluated in the OU2 BRA.

RESULTS OF THE BASELINE RISK  ASSESSMENT

The most conservative  (highest) estimated  lifetime cancer risk for the current
adult worker population under the Reasonable Maximum Exposure  (RME) assumption
is 8 x  10"'° (eight in ten billion), which  is below the EPA'target risk range of
10"4 to 10"6.  Under the  future exposure scenario  the highest  (RME) exposure were
associated with predicted  cancer risks to  residents of  2 x  10"9.  The noncancer
hazard  indices  (His)   calculated  for  both the  current  and  future  exposed
populations  are all below l.O,  the level  that could be associated  with the
occurrence of adverse  noncancer health effects.  Assuming the most  conservative
scenario, the RME His  for  the current adult worker population and  future child
resident are  3 x  10"5 and 1 x  10"3,  respectively.

ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

The risk characterization identified likely exposed biota and referenced toxicity
values to estimate risks to biota at the site.  Biota that burrow in the soil and
feed on vegetation  and soil invertebrates have the  greatest  exposure potential.
The results  of  the  risk estimation indicated no measurable ecological adverse
effects  are  likely to  occur at  FPTA2.    Although  not  all  Total  Petroleum
Hydrocarbons  (TPH)  components were identified,  the  limited distribution of high
TPH concentrations  indicate the likelihood of exposure and adverse effects is
small.  The observed differences in vegetation between disturbed and undisturbed
areas are attributed to differing patterns of yearly growths and not to chemical
exposures.

UNCERTAINTY WITHIN  THE RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

Uncertainty is always part of the risk assessment process. Because  of this fact,
all input parameters are biased on the conservative  (worst-case) side. TPH and
Tentatively  Identified Compounds  (TlCs)are two areas of potential uncertainty
because they lack specific  toxicity values and therefore cannot be evaluated. The
level of  certainty  in  the  identification  of TICs was  uniformly  low.

The location of TPH  detections in soil at FPTA2 parallels the location of organic
TICs detected in  soil.  The maximum measured TPH concentration  in  soil samples

-------
was 6,680 rag/kg.  TPH concentrations ranged from 45 mg/kg to 6,680 mg/kg and were
detected  in eight   samples.  These  findings  are   consistent   with   isolated
contamination with petroleum-derived  hydrocarbons.


The most likely  composition  of the material present  is  heavier fractions of
either jet  fuels  (JP-4 or JP-5)  or diesel fuels, although automotive  or aviation
gasolines cannot  be conclusively ruled out.  These fuels are generally of  low to
moderate human  toxicity.   It is possible, however,  that long-term exposures to
the maximum concentrations of  TPH  seen at the site  could be associated with
adverse effects on human health.   However,  such effects are unlikely  to occur
under the conditions of exposure at FPTA2 as the area of elevated  hydrocarbon
concentrations  at OT75 appear to be  quite  limited.
7.0 EXPLANATION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

    The Proposed Plan  was  released for public comment  in  January 1994.   The
preferred alternative was that no remedial action is needed for  soils and that
this action is protective of human health and  the environment.   The USAF, EPA,
and WDEQ reviewed all written and verbal comments submitted during the public
comment period.  It was determined that  no significant changes were necessary to
the preferred alternative in the Proposed Plan.

-------
                      RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY

                         RECORD OF DECISION

                FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING AREA 2

                           OPERABLE UNIT 5

INTRODUCTION

    The responsiveness summary is organized into sections as follows:

        A.   Overview
        B.   Background on Community Involvement
        C.   Summary of Comments Received
        D.   State Concerns

        Attachment: Community Relations Activities at F. E. Warren Air Force Base


A. OVERVIEW

    At the  time of the public comment period,  the preferred alternative for the
Fire Protection Training Area 2, Operable Unit 5,  at F. E.  Warren Air Force Base,
had been selected by the Air Force, with EPA and Wyoming DEQ concurrence and was
presented in the Proposed Plan.  The preferred alternative is that no  remedial
action is required.

    Based on the public's  response  and comments  received during the  public
comment period, there are no significant objections to the preferred alternative.



B. BACKGROUND ON COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

    Community  interest   in  CERCLA/IRP   (Installation  Restoration   Program)
activities  at F. E.  Warren Air Force Base  has waxed and   waned  over the years
since the records search and interviews conducted for the  Air Force in September
1985.  No specific individuals  or organizations have  been consistently  involved
over this period, although numerous groups and persons have been involved from
time to time.  There were  no concerns expressed during the OU5, Fire Protection
Training Area 2, Remedial Investigation,  prior to the public comment period.



C. SUMMARY OF COMMENTS RECEIVED

    The public comment period on the  Proposed Plan for the Fire  Protection
Training Area 2, Operable Unit 5, at F. E. Warren Air Force Base was held from
January 31  to March 1, 1994.  Comments received during this time are summarized
below.  Similar comments have been combined where possible to prevent duplication
of responses. There  were no specific legal or technical questions.

      One commentor  asked:   What levels  of these compounds  are  you finding  in
comparison to what the EPA limits are?

RESPONSE:  The contaminants of  concern (COO for subsurface are ethylbenzene and
total xylenes.  The COCs for surface soil  were ethylbenzene, lead, octachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxins, total xylenes  and zinc.  Acetone was  found in three soil samples
at 0.18 to 13 milligrams  per kilogram.   Ethylbenzene was detected in  two soil
samples at  concentrations  of 22 to 33 milligrams per kilogram. Total xylenes were
detected in five samples from one soil boring, ranging from 0.13 to 28 milligrams
per kilogram.

-------
So  what we're  looking  at are  very  low levels  of  the  volatiles  that  we
encountered.   The  highest level  of  contaminants  were the  total  petroleum
hydrocarbons, and they were not identified as a contaminant of  concern for the
risk assessment.

      One commentor asked:  Based on your knowledge of  these compounds and the
type of soils you have and the geology,  that what you're saying  is  there's no
risk' for vertical or horizontal movement?  Say,  like in a case  of storm water,
runoff-type thing.

RESPONSE:  There's a potential for it to move  , undoubtedly.   It's not confined.
It sticks to the soil somewhat, but you know,  gravity and precipitation have a
tendency to move the contaminants around.  So it's not like  that they're bound.

There's a potential  for mobility, but, you know, driven by precipitation and the
amount of precipitation  we have,  the level of concentration that we  have,  it
didn't calculate to be significant risk.

The Administrative Record contains all the methods and data that we use to arrive
at determinations at the  Laramie County Library and at  F.  E. Warren Air Force
Base.

      One commentor asked:  Your risk assessment,  is that mainly an assessment
to human health?  And is  this,  F. E.  Warren, is it obligated to be,  I guess, in
compliance with the  Fish  and Wildlife Coordination Act?  And what I'm saying is
that if you got  a bunch of birds or something  like that—lands on this particular
place.

RESPONSE:  There are two  basic elements to the Baseline Risk Assessment.  One of
them is for human and one is for ecological.  This Risk Assessment Fact Sheet for
Operable Unit 5  was read as  to clarify  the ecological  assessment process and
findings.

      One commentor from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department stated that their
agency had reviewed  the Proposed Plan for Operable Unit  5 and concurred with the
preferred alternative and had no specific comments or concerns.



D.  STATE CONCERNS

      The  State of  Wyoming is concerned that  contaminants  left in  place at
Operable Unit 5  could leach into the ground  water  at the operable  unit hence,
degrading  the ground water  for a  Class I aquifer.  The  potential  impact to
ground water from the contaminants and the by-products of degradation at Operable
Unit 5 will be evaluated  in the remedial investigation of OU2.
                                       2

-------
                                 ATTACHMENT A
                        COMMUNITY RELATIONS ACTIVITIES
                                      At
                          F.E. WARREN AIR FORCE BASE


                                   OVERVIEW

      The unique  community involvement needs of  F.  E. Warren  Air Force Base
IRP/CERCLA activities are addressed in the Community Relations Plan  (CRP).  In
late  1990,  during  plan  development,   interviews were  held  with  56  people
representing F. E. Warren Air Force Base, other Federal agencies.  State, city and
county agencies,  community groups,  wellowners, and other individuals.  The most
significant issues identified  in  the  interviews were concerns about potential
drinking water contamination  and  about the community  involvement process.   A
brief description of  each  of the activities which have been developed  to address
the unique F. E. Warren Air Force Base situation is contained in this attachment.

HISTORY OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

    News releases and articles in the Cheyenne and F. E.  Warren Air  Force Base
newspapers have been part  of the IRP process since  1985. Briefings were provided
to congressional  staffs, the Governor,  and mayor in addition to Federal agencies,
Wyoming State departments, and local government officials directly responsible
for resources potentially affected by the IRP process.  Presentations were made
to various community groups such as Optimist Club, "Mili'tary Affairs  Committee,
Civilian Advisory Council, Society of American Military Engineers, and Wyoming
Against MX.  Information was disseminated at F. E.  Warren Air Force Base through
the Commanders Call  which reaches all enlisted personnel through the command
structure.

    The Technical Review Committee was established as part of  the  IRP/Superfund
process and  had. its first  meeting in May of  1988.  The  three  initial  public
members were nominated by  the Governor of Wyoming,  Mayor of Cheyenne, and Laramie
County Commission.  This  committee's membership and a general knowledge of the
community,  served as  the initial basis for the selection  of  people  to  be
interviewed.  One of the peripheral goals of the interview process was  to provide
a list of potential candidates for the public representatives on  the TRC.

    An environmental display  was  presented in July  1990  in the  Base Exchange
Mall.   Pictures  of  all IRP sites were displayed.  Site  specific  fact sheets,
environmental brochures,  and EPA literature were  made available.

    The  process  designed to  tailor  the CRP  to local   concerns, needs,  and
conditions began in February 1990 with interviews  of a former base commander and
a concerned  citizen  who  are both  involved  in a  variety  of  groups within the
community.  Interviews  were also  held at the  regular March meeting  of Wyoming
Against MX, attended by 4 Air Force,  2 EPA, and  1  State official working on the
IRP/Superfund process,  in addition to 10 members of  the  group itself.   These
initial public contacts focused on identifying critical public  concerns.

    The purpose of the  community  interviews was  to identify groups  and issues
which may  relate to the  F. E. Warren Air Force Base IRP/Superfund process.
Thirty-four  interviews were  conducted  with  56  people,   either  representing
themselves or 20  groups within the area.  The Wyoming Department of Environmental
Quality  and  City/County  Health  were  particularly  helpful  in  accompanying
interviewers.

    Among the people interviewed  were congressional staffers, an official Air
Force representative,  F.  E. Warren Air  Force Base housing residents, non-DOD
Federal agencies and state and  local government agencies. Among community groups
a wide range of interests  were  sampled.  There  were three individuals  identified
as involved with a variety of groups,  but viewed as reputational leaders beyond
their group membership.


                                       1

-------
    Special emphasis was placed on interviewing those who rely on private wells
adjacent to P. E.  Warren Air Force Base for drinking water.   An introductory
letter, Fact Sheet, and discussion guide were prepared for the interviews.  The
Fact Sheet  was actually a status report on the IRP/Superfund process with a brief
description of each of the  sites.   The purpose of  the status report  was to
provide information and a basis  of discussion for those who might not have heard
of the program and included an installation map with the sites and key features
of F. E. Warren Air Force Base and immediate surrounding  area designated.  These
fact sheets and the introductory letter were made available for distribution to
all interested parties.

    Interviews took place in October and November 1990, with  a  few follow-up
interviews and phone .conversations continuing into December.

    During the interview process it was recognized that the neighborhood located
on the south boundary of F. E. Warren Air Force Base depends on domestic wells
for drinking water.  An agreement was made with the City/County Health Department
and Wyoming Department  of Environmental  Quality to process a  small  number of
water samples, if residents requested it.   Sample collection was done December
4th and 5th, 1990, by a conjunctive effort of DEQ,  City/County Health, and EPA
personnel.


ISSUES AND CONCERNS

    Based on the  community interviews, IRP/Superfund-activities are not a source
of significant concern to the greater Cheyenne community. This is due primarily
to the fact that  the contamination is seen as being contained within F.  E. Warren
Air  Force  Base.   The potential for drinking water contamination is  the most
significant issue associated with the IRP/Superfund process.  Awareness of this
issue  beyond  those  who  were  involved  with   the  process  was  practically
nonexistent.

    None of the drinking water well users contacted in the interviews were aware
of  the IRP/Superfund  process  or  the  potential  contamination.   The initial
reaction of wellowners  was  extreme concern.   However, after  being provided
information about the IRP/Superfund activities and  an opportunity to have wells
tested by City/County Health and the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality,
their concern decreased.    They continue  to  have a high level of interest and
awareness, and want to be  kept  informed on a regular basis.

    The need to keep the community informed and involved was mentioned frequently
in the interviews.  In the business. community, there was confidence in the Air
Force's ability to solve the problem.  Other groups, such as Wyoming Against the
MX,  and  the potentially affected neighborhoods, indicated a  need for greater
community  information and involvement than  had been  provided prior  to the
interviews and adoption  of the  Community Relations Plan.

    The community relations program for the IRP/Superfund activities  is designed
to inform the public about, and provide opportunities for participation in, the
process.  To be effective, the community relations program will be responsive to
the level of interest expressed  by the community.  At this time,  the primary need
voiced by the public is to be kept well informed of the status of activities and
to be involved in  the decision  making process.

    The potential  for  TCE contamination in  the  ground water surrounding F. E.
Warren Air  Force Base  is the most sensitive issue identified in the  community
interviews associated with the entire IRP/Superfund process.  Continuation of the
arrangements  for individual  well  sampling  provides an immediate  response to
public concerns.

-------
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

    Interviews with residents in the  Knob Hill and Fair  Acres neighborhoods
revealed  that  direct  contact with members  of the  neighborhood is  the  most
effective method of providing necessary information.


ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD REPOSITORY

    An  Administrative  Record  Repository  containing  documentation  of  the
IRP/CERCLA process  was established in October 1989 and is maintained  at the
following locations to insure accessibility.
    Laramie County Library
    Reference Section
    2800 Central Avenue
    Cheyenne WY  82001
    Phone  (307) 634-3561
90 CES/CEVR
Environmental Restoration Section
300 Vesle Drive
F. E. Warren AFB WY 82005-2788
Phone (307)  775-3468
    This record is maintained according to EPA guidelines, by the Environmental
Restoration Flight, and is updated at least quarterly.  The Administrative Record
Repository also functions as the required  information repository. A copy of the
Administrative Record is housed in the Laramie County  Library reference section
to insure public access.


TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE

  .  Procedures to  establish the TRC began in November  1987.   Actual meetings
began in May of 1988.  They are held quarterly, generally on the fourth Wednesday
in  January, April, July,  and October.  TRC public members  were nominated by the
Governor of Wyoming,  Laramie  County  and  the city of Cheyenne,  Wyoming.   The
purposes of the committee are  as follows:

        1.   The purpose of the TRC is  to review and  comment  on Department of
Defense  actions  and proposed  actions with respect to  releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances into the environment  at F. E. Warren Air Force
Base, as well as to ensure open communication and exchange of ideas relating to
the F. E. Warren Air  Force Base IRP and Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation,  and  Liability  Act  -  CERCLA,  1980,  Superfund  Amendments  and
Reauthorization Act, 1986.

        2.  All TRC members understand and agree that the primary purpose and
function of the TRC  is informational,  specifically  to  foster community and
interagency awareness and understanding of F. E. Warren Air Force Base actions
with respect to the IRP remedial actions  related to the releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances at F.  E.  Warren Air  Force Base  , Wyoming, and
to inform F.  E.  Warren Air Force  Base of community  attitudes.  The TRC also
serves as the entity to deal with public concerns regarding hazardous substance
releases and the IRP.
MAILING LIST

    A major part of the public relations activities is the mailing  list.  In an
attempt  to proactively  contact the  2,300 wellowners  identified in  the  EPA
Superfund  ranking,  F.  E.  Warren sent a general mailing to wellowners within a
3-mile radius.  The Wyoming State Engineer's Office provided the mailing list of
wellowners.  The mailing included a brief status report and a coupon to be mailed
back if the well owner wanted to be added  to the mailing list for distribution
of later status  reports.   This  activity resulted in the current list that has
about 1450 names on it. The mailing list is maintained in the   F. E.  Warren Air
Force Base Public Affairs  Office.  Status  Reports or  Fact Sheets are mailed on

-------
a quarterly basis.  Anyone who desires to be  included on the list should contact
either of the following offices.

   90 MW/PA                          90 CES/CEVR
   5305 Randall Ave                  300 Vesle Drive
   F. E. Warren AFB WY 82005-2271    F. E.  Warren AFB WY 82005-2788
   Phone (307) 775-3381              Phone  (307)  775-3468


INFORMATION CONTACT

    An information contact person has been designated within the F. E. Warren Air
Force Base Environmental Restoration Section to maintain regular contact with the
community.   This  person will  be responsible  for responding  to requests  for
information and planning and scheduling activities  included in the plan.   The
preparation of materials for public  distribution  will be coordinated with the
Public Affairs Office.  General public information requests should be directed
to  (307) 775-3468.   The media  contact for  F.  E. Warren Air Force  Base  is the
Public Affairs office at (307)  775-3381.


DRINKING WATER WELL SAMPLING

    City/County Health Department has been sampling  wells south of F. E.  Warren
Air Force Base since  1988.  At  the  outset of  the  interview process, it  became
evident that  owners of private  drinking water wells- south  of  F.  E. Warren Air
Force  Base  were  not  aware  of  the  IRP/Superfund  process or any potential
contamination.  Air Force  concern prompted an agreement for water sampling made
with City/County Health and Wyoming State Department of Environmental Quality,
Water Quality Section (WDEQ)to  provide  for the  testing  of  wells for concerned
citizens.  The agreement was  to cover less than 10 wells.  During the interview
process, some concerns bordering on alarm were encountered. Such concerns were
lowered with  the testing procedure.   The testing was not part  of the technical
scientific sampling done for the IRP/Superfund process because the criteria for
sampling was  solely  based  on individual citizen concerns.    The  testing took
place on December 4 and December 5,  1990. In addition to the City/County Health
and DEQ personnel, two EPA staff from the Denver Office assisted.  Sampling was
also conducted during June 1991 through July 1992.

    In  some cases, nitrate  concentrations  were  found  to exceed  the  Federal
Drinking  Water  Standard  of   10   milligrams   per   Liter.     No  significant
concentrations of contamination were detected.  The  test results were presented
by  individual meetings with all well  owners  whose  wells were  tested.   These
meetings were held by WDEQ with an EPA toxicologist  present. Courtesy copies of
the test results were  provided by WDEQ to all involved agencies  including the Air
Force.  USAF, WDEQ, and EPA scheduled an availability session to provide an
opportunity for Nob Hill and Fair Acres residents to discuss the WDEQ testing.


OU5 RELATED ACTIVITIES

    Operable Unit 5 has been addressed in Fact  Sheets, Status Reports, newspaper
advertisements and articles since Fact Sheet 1 was prepared, by the Air Force,
in October 1990  for the initial interviews.   Fact Sheet 1 was mailed in May 1991.
After the Federal Facility Agreement became effective, a Status  Report update was
distributed on December 12, 1991, with information on all of the operable units.
On  September 10,  1992,  another  Fact  Sheet  was  issued  with OD5  Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility  Study information.   The  Status  Report  update dated
January 29,  1993,  discussed the  bioventing project at FPTA 1.   The Status Report
update dated  April 30, 1993, contained information on moving FPTA  1 to OU10.

-------
On November 3, 1993, a third Status Report update provided additional OU5
information.

  The Proposed Plan for OU5 was prepared in January, 1994. A display
advertisement concerning the Proposed Plan and the public meeting was placed in
the Wyoming Tribune-Eagle on January 16, 1994. Another public announcement was
placed in the Casper Star-Tribune on August 11, 1994, and a copy of the Proposed
Plan was sent to all persons on the mailing list. A copy of the Proposed Plan
was placed in the Administrative Record and the Laramie County Library Records
Repository on January 31,  1994. All of the newspaper advertisements and the
mailings were coordinated between the Ah- Force, EPA and Wyoming DEQ before
publication or distribution.  In addition to the paid advertisements, the Air
Force issued press releases which resulted in articles published in the Wyoming
Eagle on February 3  and 4, 1994, and the F. E. Warren Air Force Base Sentinel on
January  21, 1994.

-------