United States Eastern Environmental EPA 520/5-84-013
Environmental Protection Radiation Facility March 1984
Agency P.O. Box 3009
Montgomery, AL 36109
Radiation
c/ERA
Environmental Radiation
Data
Report 36
October - December 1983
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 36
October - December 1983
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Radiation Programs
-------
Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed
quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) and similar
networks operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan
American Health Organization are reported in the ERD when available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is
comprised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental
radiation levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is toward
identifying trends in the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in
the environment.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population
coverage while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear devices
and other forms of radioactive contamination of the environment. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific
analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton,
and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides ancillary
information on natural background levels and on releases into the
environment from stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors,
fuel fabrication facilities, and reprocessing plants.
ill
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
DATA
CONTENTS
Page
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
- Table of Reporting Increments and Minimum
Detectable Levels
VI
VI11
DATA - ERAMS
SECTION I.
Air Program
1
Airborne Particulates
and Precipitation
Plutonium and Uranium in
Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
3. Krypton-85
SECTION II. Water Program
1. Surface Water
2. Drinking Water
3. Radon in Drinking Water
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
15
16
16
19
24
25
IV
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program 28
1. Pasteurized Milk 28
2. Tritium in Milk 28
3. Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk 35
4. Carbon-14 in Milk 36
DATA - CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS MONITORING 37
1. 1980 37
2. 1981 and 1982 44
-------
DATA - Reporting Rationale and Procedures
The intent of EPA's Office of Radiation Programs in establishing
the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System was to provide
continuous, accurate and usable environmental radiation data for the
public. Therefore, new data reporting procedures were developed to
allow better interpretation of the data. The most significant change
in this reporting procedure is that all specific radionuclide
analyses will be reported as the counting results indicate, whether
the number is negative, zero, or positive.
Reporting Rationale
Frequently, concentrations of a radionuclide in environmental
media are close to zero. When the actual concentration of a nuclide
is zero, the net counting results should statistically show a
distribution of negative and positive numbers about zero. This occurs
when the background count is subtracted from a sample which has only
background activity. Prior to July 1975, ERAMS data were not reported
numerically when the results were less than a specified reporting
level or minimum detectable level. The present reporting procedure
allows all the data to be reported and evaluated statistically
without an arbitrary cutoff of small or negative numbers. This
approach will facilitate estimates of bias in the nuclide analyses
and will allow better evaluation of distributions and trends in
environmental data.
When reviewing the data in this report, caution should be
exercised in the interpretation of individual negative values.
Obviously, a negative activity value does not have physical
significance. Such numbers, however, are significant when taken
together with other observations which indicate that the true value
of a distribution is near zero. When an average of several
measurements produces a result less than zero, this indicates a
negative bias in the measurement procedure.
(1) Reported Values
Specific Analyses - All specific radionuclide analyses will
be reported as the counting results indicate, whether the number
is negative, zero, or positive. Numerical values given are as of
sample collection date.
Gross Analyses * The actual value of gross radioactivity
measurements will be reported, unless the value is below the
minimum detectable level (MDL) at the 2 sigma confidence level,
then < minimum detectable level will be reported.
vi
-------
MDL is defined as the 3 sigma error of the background. A
tabulation of MDL's is given in the following table.
(2) Reported Error Terms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be
accompanied by a counting error term at the 2 sigma (95%)
confidence interval. Potassium concentrations are determined by
specific activity analyses. Error terms are therefore reported
as counting errors. At the very low levels characteristic of
most ERAMS measurements, counting error is the greatest
contributor to overall error.
(3) Significant Figures
All reported values will be rounded to no more than three
significant figures. The last significant figure will be
increased by one if the figure following is five or greater,
otherwise it is left unchanged.
(4) Reporting Levels
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and
minimum detectable levels for each isotope are shown in table 1.
Smallest increments are sometimes considerably smaller than
minimum detectable amounts to avoid truncation errors in
averaging.
(5) Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error
terms in an annual summary and analysis of ERAMS data. In
calculating these averages, all values of individual data
including negative numbers will be utilized. Averages will not
be included in ERD quarterly reports.
VI1
-------
TABLE 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross alpha
Gross beta
Tritium
Carbon-14
Krypton-85
Plutonium-238,
239
Uranium-234,
235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
Reporting
Media Units
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Water
Milk
Milk
Ambient Air
Air
Milk
Water
Air
Milk
Water
Water
Milk
Water
pCi/1
pCi/m3
pCi/1
nCi/m2
nCi/1
nCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/m3
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
aCi/m3
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2
.1 nCi/1
.1 nCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/m3
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 aCi/m3
.001 pCi/1
.001 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
2 pCi/1
.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/1
.01 nCi/m2(a>
.2 nCi/1
.2 nCi/1
15 PCi/l
2 pCi/m3
.015 pCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi(b>
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.015 pCi
per sample
.1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
Vlll
-------
Radionuclide
Strontium-89
Iodine-131
Iodine-129
Iodine-*127
Cesium-137
Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Milk
Milk
Water
Water
(specific
Milk
Milk
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
Reporting
Units
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
r ad i o ch emi ca 1
fCi/1
g/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
pCi/1
g/1
8/1
pCi/1
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 pCi/1
analysis)
.1 fCi/1
10 g/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
1 pCi/1
.1 g/1
.1 g/1
1 pCi/1
Minimum
Detectable
Levels
10 pCi/l(c
10 pCi/l(c
.4 pCi/1
.4 fCi/1
10 g/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/1
10 pCi/l(c
10 pCi/l(°
.12 g/1
.12 g/1
100 pCi/1
(a) The value in terms of nCi/m would be dependent on precipitation (mm)
(b) This value in terms of pCi/m^ would be dependent on the air volume.
(c) Activity as of the day of counting.
-------
DATA - EPA
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEM (ERAMS)
SECTION I. Air Program
Airborne Partlculates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific
analyses are performed on air particulates and precipitation samples
as indicator measurements in assessing the general (national) impact
of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field
stations representing wide geographic coverage, including present and
potential sources of environmental radioactivity. Sampling sites are
located throughout the United States, Virgin Islands, and the Panama
Canal.
Filters ( 10-cm diameter synthetic fiber ) from air samplers
are changed twice weekly and field measurements are made with a G-M
survey meter at 5 hours and 29 hours after collection to allow for
radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the
activity levels found.
The filters are sent to EERF for more sensitive analyses in a
low background beta counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters
showing laboratory gross beta counts greater than 1 pCi/nH- The
lower gross beta values reported for laboratory measurements are
largely due to the decay of radionuclides which occurred between the
times of the field estimates and laboratory measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at the field stations where
air filters are collected. These samples are also sent to EERF where
they are composited monthly for tritium, gross beta activity
measurements and gamma scans.
These locations also correspond to airborne particulate and
drinking water sampling locations selected for plutonium analyses.
Plutonium-238, -239, and uranium-234, -235, and -238 analyses are
performed annually on precipitation samples collected during March -
May.
-------
Tables 2-4 present the monthly average gross beta
concentrations in airborne participates for October - December 1983.
Tables 5-7 present the monthly average gross beta
concentration in precipitation October - December 1983.
The tritium in precipitation samples for October - December 1983
at the selected stations are shown in Table 8.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the
EPA, EERF, Montgomery, AL 36193.
-------
TABLE 2
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER 1983
LOCATION
# SAM
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT :HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FLrMIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
I ID:BOISE
J ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
| OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(PCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
16
8
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
7
8
7
7
9
10
8
5
8
8
7
8
8
8
4
8
8
8
2
8
9
9
5
2
8
9
7
8
9
2.2
0.1
1.0
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.6
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.3
0.4
1.1
1.3
1.0
0.6
0.6
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.0
1.6
0.4
1.6
1.4
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.4
0.6
0.9
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.9
1.4
1.4
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02-
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
-------
TABLE. 2 (CONTINUED)
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER 1983
LOCATION
# SAM
TX:EL PASO
UTrSALT LAKE CITY
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
3
7
8
5
9
9
8
6
1.2
0.2
1.6
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m ,
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nT
-------
TABLE 3
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
NOVEMBER 1983
LOCATION
// SAM
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
LA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA: HARRISBURG
PA: PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
18
9
9
8
9
6
6
8
7
8
8
7
8
5
2
8
7
9
8
5
8
8
5
7
9
8
9
8
2
6
2
9
8
8
8
5
6
8
2.2
0.3
2.2
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.2
2.0
0.6
2.2
2.3
1.7
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.9
2.3
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
o.oi
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-------
TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
NOVEMBER 1983
LOCATION
// SAM
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(PCi/m3)
9
7
7
8
6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCl/m ,
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nT
-------
TABLE 4
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
# SAM
f
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CT:HARTFORD
DE:WILMINGTON
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
HI:HONOLULU
IA:IOWA CITY
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NH:CONCORD
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY .-NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:EL PASO
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
10
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
13
4
8
9
8
8
9
8
9
9
5
3
9
9
8
4
8
3
7
6
1.2
0.1
0.7
0.1
2.5
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.1
4.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.2
0.1
1.9
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
J3-°\
''^PjJ16 ^
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-------
TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)
AIRBORNE PARTICULATES
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION
DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
5-HR FIELD
ESTIMATE
# SAM MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
7 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.1 0.0 0.1
9 0.1 0.0 0.0
2 0.1 0.1 0.1
EERF LAB
MEASUREMENT
MAX MIN AVG
(pCi/m3)
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR FIELD ESTIMATES - .1 pCi/m q
MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT FOR LAB MEASUREMENT - .01 pCi/nT
-------
TABLE 5
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
OCTOBER 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FLrMIAMI
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV.-LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI :PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WI:MADISON
DEPTH
(mm)
87.5
9.5
128.3
109.6
83.8
51.0
29.8
59.9
66.5
62.5
136.3
57.0
37.8
65.7
11.3
51.3
160.9
168.1
117.3
198.8
38.0
104.8
59.0
20.0
10.0
80.0
33.8
23.8
28.8
19.7
240.0
108.8
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.14
0.01
0.21
0.12
0.07
0.04
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.14
0.03
0.02
0.34
0.02
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.19
0.19
0.03
0.09
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.36
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.31
0.25
0.15
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.11
0.05
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCl/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
-------
TABLE 6
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
NOVEMBER 1983
\
LOCATION
AL : MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CO :DENVER
CT rHARTFORD
FL .-JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL : CHICAGO
MI:LANSING
MN: MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS: JACKSON
ND: BISMARCK
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY .-NIAGARA FALLS
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
PA: HARRIS BURG
PA PITTSBURGH
RI: PROVIDENCE
SC: BARN WELL
SC: COLUMBIA
SD: PIERRE
TN :KNOXVILLE
TN: NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA.-LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WI:MADISON
WV : CHARLESTON
DEPTH
(mm)
102.5
150.8
18.0
55.0
100.9
85.0
82.5
10.0
80.4
110.4
67.8
116.3
167.3
20.1
6.8
54.3
146.3
147.8
196.3
287.5
211.8 ;
235.0
24.5
135.0
30.0
126.3
22.5
82.0
89.8
20.0
41.3
118.1
105.0
33.8
69.1
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.17
0.12
0.07
0.05
0.16
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.09
0.22
0.10
0.19
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.14
0.11
0.32
0.19
"o:z9s
"-Q730
0.04
0.25
0.02
0.31
0.03
0.03
0.12
0.02
0.03
0.43
0.11
0.05
0.14
0.05
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.12
0.10
0.13
0.01
0.07
0.01
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.02
0.04
ND NO GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING
ERROR
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT,
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
10
-------
TABLE 7
GROSS BETA CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CT: HARTFORD
FL:MIAMI
ID: BOISE
ID: IDAHO FALLS
IL: CHICAGO
MI: LAN SING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MS: JACKSON
ND: BISMARCK
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY: ALBANY
NY: NEW YORK CITY
NY: NIAGARA FALLS
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH: TOLEDO
OR: PORTLAND
PA.-HARRISBURG
RI: PROVIDENCE
SC : BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN :KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX: AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WI:MADISON
WV: CHARLESTON
DEPTH
(mm)
127.5
64.6
157.5
93.7
114.8
132.8
37.2
56.2
14.9
60.0
23.8
15.0
30.0
50.0
88.4
70.8
78.8
117.5
86.8
125.0
310.0
132.5
205.0
15.0
65.0
128.8
10.0
118.1
162.5
88.5
60.0
ACT.
± 2s
(nCi/m2)
0.08
0.07
0.22
0.07
0.11
0.24
0.06
0.36
0.12
0.04
0.17
0.03
0.04
0.08
0.09
0.05
0.33
0.26
0.09
0.10
0.50
0.11
0.13
0.04
0.01
0.09
0.01
0.39
0.33
0.35
0.06
0.05
0.03
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.17
0.06
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.00
0.08
0.10
0.06
0.03
ND NO, GAMMA ACTIVITY DETECTABLE
s SIGMA COUNTING
ERROR
SPECIFIC
GAMMA ACT.
(pCi/1)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
11
-------
TABLE 8
PRECIPITATION
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
FL:MIAMI
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
MIrLANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MO:JEFFERSON CITY
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SD:PIERRE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:NASHVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
TX:EL PASO
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA:VIRGINIA BEACH
WI:MADISON
WV:CHARLESTON
OCTOBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.7 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
NS
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
NOVEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
NS
0.3 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.4 0.2
0.5 0.2
1.1 0.2
0.5 0.2
1.0 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
DECEMBER
nCi/1 + 2s
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.4 0.2
NS
0.4 0.2
0.1 0.2
NS
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
2.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
NS
0.1 0.2
NS
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
NS NO SAMPLE
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
12
-------
Plutonium and Uranium iii Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are
determined by the analyses of quarterly composite samples (air
filters) collected from the 67 continuously operating airborne
particulate samplers.
Analyses of the composited filters consist of ashing, separating
by liquid ion exchange, and coprecipitation of the plutonium or
uranium.
Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239,
and uranium-234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy.
The volume of air analyzed normally ranges from 25,000 to 40,000 m3
for each quarterly composite.
Table 8.1 contains the results of plutonium and uranium analyses
performed on selected precipitation composite samples.
Plutonium and uranium in airborne particulates data for July
September 1983 will be published when they become available.
13
-------
TABLE 8.1
PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM ANALYSES
OF
SELECTED PRECIPITATION COMPOSITE SAMPLES
LOCATION
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA:BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:JACKSONVILLE
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
MI:LANSING
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MS:JACKSON
ND:BISMARCK
NJ:TRENTON
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
SC:BARNWELL
SC: COLUMBIA
TX:AUSTIN
VA:LYNCHBURG
WV:CHARLESTON
1983
238pu
pCl/1
0.004
0.006
-.001
0.013
0.011
0.004
0.008
-.002
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.008
0.003
0.025
0.016
0.011
0.006
0.013
0.001
0.005
-.002
0.020
0.007
0.004
0.002
-.001
0.003
0.002
+ 2s
0.008
0.012
0.007
0.007
0.010
0.009
0.012
0.007
0.009
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.023
0.012
0.005
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.009
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'0
239pu
pCi/1
.000
.001
.002
.001
.003
.001
.002
.002
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.003
.005
.000
.001
.002
.002
.001
.002
.000
.000
.002
.000
.001
.001
.003
± 2s
0.000
0.006
0.003
0.002
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.008
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.000
0.004
0.006
0.004
234
pCl/1
0.057
0.058
0.010
0.044
0.029
0.017
0.020
0.009
0.027
0.028
0.041
0.026
0.051
0.020
0.324
0.064
0.084
0.076
0.048
0.030
0.035
0.057
0.035
0.049
0.010
0.034
0.467
0.013
U
± 2s
0.016
0.019
0.010
0.018
0.014
0.011
0.009
0.009
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.012
0.019
0.010
0.076
0.020
0.023
0.021
0.017
0.012
0.014
0.017
0.015
0.019
0.008
0.016
0.069
0.010
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
235
pCi/1
.003
.006
.003
.001
.005
.002
.002
.000
.000
.001
.002
.000
.004
.001
.004
.005
.001
.006
.001
.003
.000
.000
.002
.003
.000
.007
.029
.002
U
+ 2s
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.004
0.000
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.007
0.014
0.005
238
pCi/1
0.025
0.046
0.006
0.015
0.031
0.005
0.008
0.002
0.027
0.021
0.044
0.013
0.018
0.025
0.134
0.027
0.031
0.023
0.048
0.020
0.022
0.029
0.023
0.015
0.029
0.020
0.067
0.028
U
+ 2s
0.010
0.016
0.005
0.010
0.016
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.012
0.010
0.015
0.010
0.011
0.011
0.044
0.014
0.013
0.011
0.017
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.012
0.011
0.020
0.014
THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE LIMIT IS .015 pCi/SAMPLE, FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ISOTOPE.
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
14
-------
Krypton-*85
Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half life of 10.8
years. It is released into the atmosphere by nuclear reactor
operations, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and nuclear
detonations. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities
primarily from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as
spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission of uranium.
Monitoring of krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been conducted to
identify and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.
Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample
collections and analyses being performed for 12 sampling locations.
These locations were selected to provide atmospheric coverage of the
United States with considerations being given to the proximity to
fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic
coverage.
Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are
purchased from commercial air suppliers annually and shipped to the
EERF where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated and counted in a
liquid scintillation system.
The Kr-85 results will be published when they are available.
15
-------
DATA - EPA
ERAMS
SECTION II. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides ambient radiation data to
assess the effects of nuclear fallout, the natural radiation
environment, and other nuclear sources on the nation's rivers,
streams and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Grab samples are taken quarterly at 58 stations located
downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities.
Surface water monitoring consists of tritium analyses quarterly
and gamma scans annually. Tritium is the primary radioactive
pollutant from nuclear power plants.
Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to
determine if there is a buildup of other contaminants.
Tritium concentrations for surface water samples for October
December 1983 are given in Table 9.
16
-------
TABLE 9
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AL rDECATUR
AL:DOTHAN
ALrSCOTTSBORO
CA:CLAY STATION
CA:DIABLO CANYON
CA:EUREKA
CA:SAN ONOFRE
COrGREELEY
CT:EAST HADDAM
CTrWATERFORD
FL:CRYSTAL RIVER
FL:FT. PIERCE
FL:HOMESTEAD
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID: BUHL
IL:BYRON
IL:MOLINE
IL:MORRIS
IL:OREGON
IL:ZION
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA .'PLYMOUTH
MA:ROWE
MD:CONOWINGO
MD:LUSBY
ME:WISCASSET
MI:BRIDGMAN
MI:CHARLEVOIX
MI:MONROE
MI:SOUTH HAVEN
MN:MONTICELLO
MN:RED WING
MS:PORT GIBSON
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:SOUTHPORT
NE:RULO
NJ:BAYSIDE
NJ:OYSTER CREEK
NV:BOULDER CITY
SOURCE
TENNESSEE RIVER
CHATTAHOOCHEE R.
TENNESSEE RIVER
FOLSOM S. CANAL
PACIFIC OCEAN
HUMBOLDT BAY
PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PLATTE RIVER
CONNECTICUT RIVER
LONG ISLAND SOUND
GULF OF MEXICO
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BISCAYNE BAY
CEDAR RIVER
SNAKE RIVER
ROCK RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
ILLINOIS RIVER
ROCK RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CAPE CODE BAY
DEERFIELD RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
CHESAPEAKE BAY
MONTSEWAY BAY
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE MICHIGAN
LAKE ERIE
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
CATAWBA RIVER
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MISSOURI RIVER
DELAWARE RIVER
OYSTER CREEK
COLORADO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 6/83
10/20/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 8/83
10/14/83
10/ 6/83
12/13/83
10/11/83
12/ 8/83
12/14/83
10/ 2/83
10/ 4/83
10/19/83
10/ 4/83
10/13/83
III 1/83
11/15/83
10/30/83
10/31/83
11/22/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/20/83
10/ 4/83
10/11/83
10/ 3/83
10/11/83
10/ 8/83
10/ 9/83
10/11/83
10/ 5/83
10/11/83
10/20/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 4/83
10/11/83
10/12/83
10/ 6/83
9/29/83
nCi/1
0.1
0.5
0.3
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2.
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
17
-------
LOCATION
NYrOSSINING
NYrOSWEGO
NY:POUGHKEEPSIE
OH:TOLEDO
OR:BRADWOOD
PA:DANVILLE
SC:ALLENDALE
SC:BROAD RIVER
SC:HARTSVILLE
TN:DAISY
TN:KINGSTON
TX:EL PASO
TX:MATAGORDA
VA:DOSWELL
WA:NORTHPORT
WA:RICHLAND
WIrTWO CREEKS
WI:VICTORY
WV:WHEELING
TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)
SURFACE WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
SOURCE
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ONTARIO
HUDSON RIVER
LAKE ERIE
COLUMBIA RIVER
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
SAVANNAH RIVER
BROAD RIVER
LAKE ROBINSON
TENNESSEE RIVER
CLINCH RIVER
RIO GRANDE
COLORADO RIVER
NORTH ANNA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
COLUMBIA RIVER
LAKE MICHIGAN
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
OHIO RIVER
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 5/83
10/15/83
10/ 5/83
9/28/83
10/30/83
10/12/83
10/20/83
10/26/83
10/ 4/83
ll/ 8/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 3/83
11/16/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 5/83
10/24/83
10/25/83
nCi/1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
3.3
0.2
0.2
3.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
18
-------
Drinking Water
The drinking water program provides ambient radiation monitoring
relevant to the effects of the nuclear power industry, natural
environmental levels, and other pertinent sources. These data serve
to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with
standards set forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations." These regulations provide for approval of
supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/1, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium)
levels do not exceed 15 pCi/1, when tritium levels do not exceed
20,000 pCi/1, when the strontium-90 levels do not exceed 8 pCi/1, and
when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/1.
Grab samples are taken at 78 sites which are either major
population centers or selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis (b) gross
alpha, gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma on annual composites.
Radium-226 analyses are performed if the gross alpha exceeds 2 pCi/1;
and radium-228 analyses are performed if the radium-226 activity
falls between 3 and 5 pCi/1) (c) specific iodine-131 is performed on
one quarterly sample per year for each station (d) an annual
composite for plutonium-238, -239, uranium-234, -235, -238, for
stations which demonstrate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/1.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the
distilled samples, gross beta, and gross alpha by evaporating an
aliquot on stainless steel planchets for counting, and radium-226 by
the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is determined by beta
counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
The results of tritium in drinking water analyses for October -
December 1983 are shown in Table 10.
Iodine-131 concentration in drinking water for 1983 is shown in
Table 11.
All samples were taken as either a single grab sample or
composite samples taken over 12 to 14 days.
19
-------
TABLE 10
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:DOTHAN
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA:BERKELEY
CArLOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO.-PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DE:DOVER
FL:MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID .'IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KSrTOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA.-ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD:CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
DATE
COLLECTED
10/20/83
10/20/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/17/83
10/14/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/11/83
10/ 3/83
10/24/83
10/ 6/83
10/14/83
10/17/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 4/83
10/26/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 5/83
10/11/83
10/13/83
10/ 7/83
10/12/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/24/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 5/83
nCi/1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
4.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
± 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
20
-------
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED)
DRINKING WATER
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY .-NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OHCINCINNATI
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA.-VIRGINIA BEACH
VI:ST. THOMAS
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 6/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 5/83
10/12/83
10/ 4/83
9/29/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 6/83
10/13/83
10/12/83
10/12/83
10/24/83
10/ 5/83
10/20/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 4/83
10/13/83
10/11/83
10/20/83
9/28/83
10/ 5/83
11/16/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 4/83
10/19/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 6/83
10/25/83
10/ 3/83
nCi/1
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.5
1.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
+ 2s
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
21
-------
TABLE 11
IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
1983
LOCATION
AK:FAIRBANKS
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MUSCLE SHOALS
AL:SCOTTSBORO
CA: BERKELEY
CA:LOS ANGELES
CO:DENVER
CO:PLATTEVILLE
CT:HARTFORD
DC WASHINGTON
DE :DOVER
FL.-MIAMI
FL:TAMPA
GA:SAVANNAH
HI:HONOLULU
IA:CEDAR RAPIDS
ID:BOISE
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:MORRIS
IL:W. CHICAGO
KS:TOPEKA
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:LAWRENCE
MA:ROWE
MD:BALTIMORE
MD.'CONOWINGO
ME:AUGUSTA
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:RED WING
MS:JACKSON
MS:PORT GIBSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NC:WILMINGTON
ND:BISMARCK
NE:LINCOLN
NH:CONCORD
NJ:TRENTON
NJ:WARETOWN
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:ALBANY
NY:NEW YORK CITY
DATE
COLLECTED
1/14/83
10/ 5/83
11 6/83
11 8/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/17/83
10/14/83
1/13/83
1/10/83
10/ 3/83
11 5/83
1/26/83
4/20/83
7/18/83
10/ 6/83
8/11/83
5/ 2/83
4/ 4/83
11 5/83
4/ 1/83
21 3/83
7/18/83
10/26/83
I/ 7/83
1/25/83
4/ 7/83
4/ 5/83
1/19/83
I/ 7/83
9/ 9/83
11 5/83
11 8/83
11 7/83
1/12/83
4/ 7/83
1/10/83
4/ 1/83
11 5/83
10/ 5/83
7/21/83
1/10/83
1/10/83
4/ 1/83
1/19/83
pCi/1
-0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.3
0.0
-0.6
0.1
0.0
-0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
+ 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
O.*l
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
22
-------
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
IODINE-131 IN DRINKING WATER
1983
LOCATION
NY:NIAGARA FALLS
NY:SYRACUSE
OH: CINCINNATI
OH: COLUMBUS
OH:EAST LIVERPOOL
OH:PAINESVILLE
OH:TOLEDO
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA:COLUMBIA
PA:HARRISBURG
PA PITTSBURGH
PC:ANCON
RI:PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:HARTSVILLE
SC:JENKINSVILLE
SC:SENECA
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
VA:DOSWELL
VA:LYNCHBURG
VA.-VIRGINIA BEACH
VI:ST. THOMAS
WA:RICHLAND
WA:SEATTLE
WI:GENOA CITY
WI:MADISON
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
DATE
COLLECTED
4/ 6/83
1/11/83
11 5/83
I/ 7/83
2/17/83
7/ 7/83
9/29/83
4/ 1/83
11 6/83
4/21/83
4/15/83
4/13/83
4/ 6/83
1/11/83
1/13/83
I/ 5/83
1/31/83
I/ 7/83
1/19/83
8/15/83
4/ 1/83
11 7/83
1/26/83
4/ 1/83
1/14/83
10/19/83
1/13/83
1/11/83
4/ 5/83
1/14/83
pCi/1
-0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.4
-0.1
-0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-0.1
+ 2s
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
23
-------
Radon-222 in Drinking Water
For all practical purposes, the Radon-222 in Drinking Water
Program has been completed. Only a few samples occasionally are
received for analysis. The Radon-222 and other natural radioactivity
results will be the subject of several reports, including Methods jind
Results of EPA^s Study of Radon in Drinking Water by T. R. .Horton,
Nationwide Occurrence of_ Radon and Other Natural Radioactivity in
Public Water Supplies by T. R. Horton and The occurrence of
Radioactivity jLn Public Water Supplies in the_ United States by C. T.
Hess, J. Michel, T. R. Horton, H. M. Prichard, and W. A. Coniglio.
Copies of these reports will be available from the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation Programs
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
Montgomery, AL 36193
The Radon-222 in Drinking Water section will be terminated as of
this issue but it will be reinstated if sufficient results are
accumulated in the future.
24
-------
SECTION III. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
The external gamma monitoring program, which began in October
1978, provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure
rates, including cosmic, at selected sites throughout the continental
United States. Data from this program will be used to evaluate
fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental
conditions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant
increases in ambient gamma levels due to weapons fallout, reactor
operations, etc. Initially, the program will consist of approximately
22 sites representing a wide geographic coverage throughout the
country. Hopefully, at some later date additional sites will be added
to the program. Although exposure measurements at these few sites are
not totally representative of nationwide exposures, they will be
indicative of national trends.
The monitoring program utilizes CaFo.'Mn thermoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's). These dosimeters are commercially available
glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating shields. A group
of four TLD's is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are
annealed by the station operator prior to positioning in the field.
The dosimeters are returned to EERF for readout on an approximate
one-month cycle. Several dosimeters are annealed by the station
operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters
to correct for any exposures accumulated during shipment.
Results from the period October- December 1983 are shown in
Table 12.
25
-------
TABLE 12
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
MR
MICRO R/HR + 2 s
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
AL:MONTGOMERY
CA: BERKELEY
CA:BERKELEY
CA: BERKELEY
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
CO:DENVER
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
FL:ORLANDO
\ID:BOISE
1ID:BOISE
JlD:BOISE
JIL:CHICAGO
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
ND:BISMARCK
NM:SANTA FE
NM:SANTA FE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:NEW YORK
NY:NEW YORK
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OH:COLUMBUS
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
TOR:PORTLAND
I OR:PORTLAND
\OR:PORTLAND
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:HARRISBURG
PA:PITTSBURGH
RI:PROVIDENCE
RI: PROVIDENCE
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:BARNWELL
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBIA
SC:COLUMBUS
TN:KNOXVILLE
100383-110383
110383-120183
120183- 10384
93083-110183
110183-120183
120183- 11384
100383-110183
110183-120683
120683- 11284
100483-111583
111583-120583
120583- 11684
101183-110883
110883-120883
120883- 11284
100783-111883
100483-110483
110483-113083
113083- 11184
100783-110283
110283-120783
93083-103183
103183-113083
113083- 10984
101183-111483
111483-121583
93083-103183
103183-120183
120183- 10984
101483-111583
111583-122083
90283-102683
102683-112983
112983- 11284
93083-103183
103183-112883
112883- 11384
100383-110383
110783-120883
120883- 10584
100683-110383
110383-120183
120183- 11284
110183-120283
120283- 10684
93083-110183
93083-110183
4.7
4.7
5.2
4.5
4.3
5.6
9.3
11.2
12.5
6.2
2.7
5.7
7.7
8.4
9.3
7.5
7.1
5.8
9.9
8.6
11.6
4.5
4.7
6.5
6.2
6.3
4.8
5.4
6.7
5.9
6.0
9.9
6.3
8.0
4.0
4.6
6.8
8.9
8.0
6.8
5.0
5.8
9.4
6.0
6.5
5.8
7.1
6.3
6.9
6.6
5.9
5.9
5.4
13.3
13.3
14.1
6.2
5.7
5.6
11.5
11.7
11.0
7.4
9.5
9.4
9.8
13.8
13.8
6.1
6.6
6.8
7.6
8.5
6.4
7.3
7.1
7.7
7.2
7.6
7.7
7.6
5.4
6.8
6.1
12.0
10.8
9.7
7.5
8.7
9.3
8.0
7.7
7.6
9.2
7.7
8.6
5.7
11.4
7.5
8.7
6.6
16.4
6.1
7.3
7.5
15.8
19.7
8.5
5.8
9.9
5.2
4.7
7.1
5.0
11.6
11.2
15.0
8.5
8.2
9.1
10.1
11.0
8.8
6.3
10.9
8.7
6.6
8.7
11.1
14.7
6.5
6.3
6.8
7.5
6.5
7.5
10.3
8.7
4.4
5.0
4.7
26
-------
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA AMBIENT MONITORING PROGRAM
INTEGRATED EXPOSURE
LOCATION DATE RANGE EXPOSURE RATE
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:KNOXVILLE
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VA:RICHMOND
VT:MONTPELIER
VTrMONTPELIER
93083'
110183-
120183-
100383-
110183
120183
100383
111083
110183
120183
10584
110183
120183
11184
-111083
-121283
MR
7.1
6.9
7.2
5.4
5.5
7.0
6.4
5.6
MICRO R/HR + 2 s *
9.2
9.6
8.6
7.8
7.6
7.1
7.0
7.4
4.7
8.9
4.2
8.7
8.4
7.3
11.3
6.8
* s = SIGMA ERROR (IN PERCENT)
27
-------
SECTION IV. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
This is a cooperative program of the EPA, ORP and the Dairy and
Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sanitation Section, Food and Drug
Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
populations intake of radionuclides since it is consumed by a large
segment of the population and contains several of the biologically
important contaminants resulting from environmental releases from
nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain
reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide
concentrations and determine any long-*term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or
more located in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal. These
are composite samples representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.
These samples are analyzed for iodine-"131, barium-140,
cesium-137, and potassium. All 65 samples are analyzed annually in
July for strontium-"89, and strontium"-90. Also, for the first month of
the three quarters beginning January, April and October, 10 regional
composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of
EPA's 10 regions are analyzed for strontium*89 and strontium-90.
Iodine-*131, barium-^140, cesium-*137 and potassium are determined
by gamma spectral analysis. Strontium-*89 and strontium-*90 are
determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate which has
been chemically separated by ion~exchange.
The values from the pasteurized milk samples for October^
December 1983 are shown in Tables 13 - 15.
Strontium values from regional composite samples collected
October * December 1983 are shown in Table 16.
Tritium ±n Milk
It was previously proposed to analyze all 65 milk samples for
tritium in the aqueous and organic phases, on an annual basis (on the
April sample). The EERF is currently evaluating alternative
analytical techniques anticipating that these analyses will begin
during the coming year.
28
-------
TABLE 13
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1983
LOCATION
AL: MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
DC:WASHINGTON
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA.-DES MOINES
ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ND:MINOT
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM: ALBUQUERQUE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH:CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 6/83
10/10/83
10/ 6/83
10/13/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 1/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 7/83
10/10/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 5/83
10/17/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/10/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 6/83
10/12/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 5/83
10/ 4/83
10/11/83
10/ 3/83
10/17/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 6/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 7/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/10/83
10/11/83
10/ 4/83
K
8/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
50
.55
.66
.60
.56
.47
60
64
.57
53
.64
*
*
67
59
54
55
54
61
54
50
59
58
60
48
54
56
46
65
51
56
.48
84
.67
»
*
*
*
*
52
59
61
58
63
58
40
64
55
54
49
42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.13
.08
.12
.12
.13
.09
.12
.08
.13
.13
.13
.16
.12
.12
.09
.12
.08
.13
.13
.13
.12
.08
.12
.12
.13
.12
.08
0.12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.24
.23
.12
.23
.13
.12
.12
.13
.12
.13
.12
.12
.12
.12
i j/
Cs
pCi/l+2s
1
3
6
0
3
O
-5
2
-1
12
-3
0
-4
7
-1
5
1
1
4
6
0
8
-2
-2
1
-2
"1
0
6
-2
12
2
0
15
0
1
0
"1
3
4
2
-1
0
2
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
10
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
15
14
7
15
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
l^U
Ba
pCi/l+2s
0
1
-3
-3
-5
3
3
-2
-1
-4
1
-7
0
0
0
3
"*1
-2
0
1
4
O
0
0
^o
-4
0
3
0
_o
13
-7
0
12
-3
-4
-2
0
0
-5
-2
6
-2
-1
9
8
9
6
9
9
9
6
8
6
9
8
9
14
9
9
6
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
6
8
21
20
9
21
9
9
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
i jj.
I
pCi/l+2s
0
-3
-4
2
1
-2
-*1
-4
4
-3
0
-1
-1
-5
-7
-4
-4
-4
-2
o
-2
-5
-1
-2
1
3.
0
-1.
9
5
-6
^0
-"1
10
-2
-4
-2
1
-3
0
1
-1
3
0
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
10
7
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
5
7
14
14
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
29
-------
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
OCTOBER 1983
LOCATION
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PR:SAN JUAN
SC:CHARLESTON
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
| WA:SEATTLE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
10/ 3/83
10/ 5/83
10/13/83
10/18/83
10/ 4/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 3/83
10/25/83
10/17/83
10/ 1/83
10/13/83
10/14/83
10/ 3/83
10/ 1/83
10/ 5/83
K
8/1+2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.55
.57
.53
.51
.57
.60
.46
.60
.53
.52
.51
.66
.66
.60
.46
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
.08
.12
.08
.23
.09
.13
.23
.08
.12
.12
.12
.12
.13
.12
.12
LJ/
Cs
pCi/l+2s
*"9
-2
2
0
0
1
0
-1
-4
0
-1
1
1
3
3
5
7
5
14
5
7
14
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
itu
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-2
-4
1
4
2
-2
-10
-6
0
-1
-6
-5
-6
-3
2
6
9
6
20
6
9
20
6
8
9
8
8
9
8
9
j. jj.
I
pCi/l+2s
-4
1
0
12
**7
**1
-i
-2
3
-3
0
0
2
-1
^ Q
5
7
5
14
5
7
14
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
30
-------
TABLE 14
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
NOVEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AK:PALMER
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CArLOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
COrDENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
jtID: IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY: LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME:PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
ME:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM: ALBUQUERQUE
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK:OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
PA PHILADELPHIA
DATE
COLLECTED
ll/
1/83
11/10/83
ll/
ll/
HI
III
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
III
III
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
7/83
8/83
9/83
1/83
9/83
1/83
4/83
7/83
3/83
1/83
1/83
3/83
7/83
7/83
2/83
7/83
3/83
7/83
4/83
1/83
11/10/83
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
7/83
8/83
1/83
9/83
2/83
7/83
7/83
7/83
11/14/83
HI
HI
HI
7/83
3/83
7/83
11/17/83
11/15/83
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
HI
7/83
7/83
1/83
7/83
1/83
7/83
11/14/83
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
K
g/l+2s
.77
.58
.47
.61
.64
.66
.60
.58
.63
.60
.53
.62
.60
.85
.64
.53
.58
.62
.62
.58
.71
.67
.49
.61
.67
.63
.66
.72
.63
.71
.48
.42
.57
.55
.51
.58
.55
.63
.68
.56
.51
.62
.57
.58
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13
12
12
08
12
13
12
12
12
08
12
12
08
24
12
08
12
08
12
12
13
23
12
23
13
23
12
13
12
13
23
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
09
12
12
12
12
12
i jt
Cs
pCi/l+2s
1
4
0
0
4
0
1
""1
-2
9
1
3
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
5
0
2
1
7
1
3
0
0
4
0
4
5
4
4
4
-3
3
-1
0
4
-1
-3
-1
4
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
5
14
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
14
7
14
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
IIU
Ba
PCi/l+2s
-5
-3
2
5
4
-1
2
0
3
-4
-2
5
-2
12
-4
7
-2
1
0
-1
1
-7
2
6
2
8
-7
-2
0
5
4
0
-4
-1
-3
2
2
2
1
-5
3
3
5
-2
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
6
20
8
6
8
6
8
8
8
20
8
20
8
19
8
8
8
8
20
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
i ji
I
pCi/l+2s
-1
5
-3
0
-5
-3
-2
-6
1
-1
1
-2
-4
-10
2
0
2
-2
2
-2
0
5
-6
-4
1
2.
0
-1.
-4
0
4
3
-1
1
1
-2
-5
-1
-2
3
-3
-4
-2
-2
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
5.
14
7
5
7
5
7
7
7
14
7
14
7
14
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
31
-------
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
NOVEMBER 1983
LOCATION
PA .-PITTSBURGH
PC .-CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TNrKNOXVILLE
TN:MEMPHIS
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
III 7/83
11/15/83
11/10/83
11/15/83
ll/ 7/83
ll/ 7/83
11/29/83
ll/ 7/83
11/10/83
III 7/83
ll/ 7/83
III 7/83
III 1/83
11/16/83
III 7/83
K
g/1+28
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.63
.62
.60
.58
.74
.70
.63
.53
.58
.58
.55
.64
.69
.61
.61
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.09
.12
.23
.12
.23
.23
.12
.12
.12
.16
.12
.12
.13
.12
.08
u/
Cs
pCi/l+2s
-4
8
8
0
4
7
3
9
2
10
0
1
~1
1
0
5
7
14
7
14
14
7
7
7
10
7
7
7
7
5
IfU
Ba
pCi/l+2s
-2
-4
9
-8
1
6
-2
4
5
9
1
2
-1
-3
0
6
8
20
8
20
20
8
8
8
14
8
8
8
8
6
101
I
pCi/l+2s
-2
1
-10
3
-6
5
0
1
-1
-6
1
-4
-4
0
0
5
7
14
7
14
14
7
7
7
10
7
7
7
7
5
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
32
-------
TABLE 15
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
AK:PALMER
AL:MONTGOMERY
AR:LITTLE ROCK
AZ:PHOENIX
CA:LOS ANGELES
CA:SACRAMENTO
CA:SAN FRANCISCO
CO:DENVER
CT:HARTFORD
FL:TAMPA
GA:ATLANTA
GA:ATLANTA
HI:HONOLULU
IA:DES MOINES
^ ID:IDAHO FALLS
IL:CHICAGO
IN:INDIANAPOLIS
KS:WICHITA
KY:LOUISVILLE
LA:NEW ORLEANS
MA:BOSTON
MD:BALTIMORE
ME .-PORTLAND
MI:DETROIT
MI:GRAND RAPIDS
MN:MINNEAPOLIS
MN:ST PAUL
MO:KANSAS CITY
MO:ST .LOUIS
MS:JACKSON
MT:HELENA
NC:CHARLOTTE
NE:OMAHA
NH:MANCHESTER
NJ:TRENTON
NM: ALBUQUERQUE '.
NV:LAS VEGAS
NY:BUFFALO
NY:NEW YORK CITY
NY:SYRACUSE
OH CINCINNATI
OH CLEVELAND
OK .-OKLAHOMA CITY
OR:PORTLAND
DATE
COLLECTED
12/
12/
12/
12/
1/83
8/83
5/83
7/83
12/15/83
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
2/83
6/83
1/83
2/83
7/83
2/83
12/27/83
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
6/83
6/83
8/83
5/83
5/83
5/83
6/83
1/83
6/83
2/83
6/83
8/83
5/83
5/83
7/83
8/83
7/83
6/83
6/83
5/83
12/12/83
12/
12/
12/
12/
6/83
1/83
6/83
5/83
12/12/83
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
12/
5/83
5/83
5/83
7/83
5/83
6/83
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
K
g/l+2s
.56
.66
.49
.64
.64
.62
.63
.59
.55
.63
.53
.53
.56
.67
.69
.61
.58
.59
.55
.57
.50
.69
.58
.65
.53
.57
.72
.67
.59
.66
.59
.49
.66
.61
.56
.53
.58
.62
.57
.61
.44
.70
.60
.44
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12
13
08
12
12
08
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
12
09
12
12
23
13
08
13
12
16
12
09
12
12
12
08
12
12
12
13
12
08
i j/
Cs
pCi/l+2s
0
0
5
-3
3
""1
0
5
0
16
3
2
0
-1
2
-3
1
2
3
7
4
0
4
1
7
-2
6
2
4
1
2
6
3
2
2
-1
3
2
1
3
-1
-7
3
0
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
14
7
5
7
7
10
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
1<4U
Ba
pCi/l+2s
3
5
4
-1
1
-4
2
-3
2
-5
-6
""1
0
-3
2
-4
2
-2
3
-1
5
0
0
4
"1
7
6
1
1
8
. -i
10
0
-2
-3
-1
2
1
-1
2
-5
3
5
0
8
8
6
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
20
8
6
8
8
14
8
6
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
ui
I
pCi/l+2s
4
-2
1
-3
2
0
-3
5
0
5
2
-1
-4
-4
1
5
-1
-2
-3
1
2
0
-4
0
-1
5
1.
1
-1.
-2
3
-7
0
2
5
-1
-2
0
3
0
1
-2
-2
0
7
7
5
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
7
7
14
7
5
7
7
10
7
5
7
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
7
5
-------
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN PASTEURIZED MILK
DECEMBER 1983
LOCATION
PA:PHILADELPHIA
PA:PITTSBURGH
PC:CRISTOBAL
PR:SAN JUAN
SD:RAPID CITY
TN:CHATTANOOGA
TN:KNOXVILLE
TX:AUSTIN
UT:SALT LAKE CITY
VA:NORFOLK
VT:BURLINGTON
WA:SEATTLE
WA:SPOKANE
WI:MILWAUKEE
WV:CHARLESTON
WV:CHARLESTON
WY:LARAMIE
DATE
COLLECTED
12/ 5/83
12/ 7/83
12/15/83
12/15/83
12/ 5/83
127 5/83
127 6/83
127 1/83
127 5/83
127 8/83
127 2/83
127 1/83
127 6/83
127 1/83
12/19/83
12/12/83
127 6/83
K
g/l+2s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.52
.56
.56
.61
.65
.45
.74
.52
.61
.63
.61
.53
.67
.71
.72
.50
.55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12
.12
.12
.23
.12
.12
.23
.12
.12
.08
.12
.12
.13
.13
.23
.12
.12
u/
Cs
pCi/l+2s
-1
2
19
10
3
3
-2
-4
6
2
2
-4
6
3
9
3
7
7
7
7
15
7
7
14
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
IfU
Ba
pCi/l+2s
1
0
-3
16
-4
-3
-10
-5
-4
2
2
-3
-1
1
-4
5
-2
8
8
8
20
8
8
19
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
20
8
8
uj.
I
pCi/l+2s
* s
4
-6
4
-3
2
4
3
0
0
-2
4
-4
-2
3
-1
3
7
7
7
14
7
7
14
7
7
5
7
7
7
7
14
7
7
SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
34
-------
TABLE 16
STRONTTUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89 IN PASTEURIZED MILK
EPA REGIONAL COMPOSITES
OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1983
EPA 90Sr 89Sr
REGION pCi/1 + 2s pCi/1 + 2s*
I 3.0 0.5 1 1
II 2.2 0.5 1 1
III 1.9 0.7 2 1
IV 2.8 1.0 1 2
V 2.3 0.6 1 1
VI 2.0 0.6 2 1
VII 2.6 0.7 0 1
VIII 2.1 0.4 1 1
IX 0.4 0.2 1 0
X 1.4 0.4 1 1
s SIGMA COUNTING ERROR
s* ANALYTICAL ERROR TERM WHICH CLOSELY APPROXIMATES
THE COUNTING ERROR
35
-------
Carbon-14 In Milk
Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution,
contribute milk samples for annual analysis for carbon-*14. These
samples have monitored the carbon-14 levels in the food chain
resulting from nuclear testing.
Analysis consists of combusting the samples and measuring
released carbon dioxide through liquid scintillation.
Data will be published as it becomes available.
36
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
100 EAST ERIE STREET
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611
RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS
January - December 1980
The three river systems of the greater Chicago area
Chicago, Calumet, and Des Plaines are under the jurisdiction
of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Dis-
trict) . They comprise 170 miles (273.6 Km) of waterways. The
District maintains a monitoring program of the water quality
of these systems with regards to the standards established by
the Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) as well as for the
purpose of detecting any changes with respect to the water
quality of the past and future years. The analyses for total
alpha and beta radioactivity have been a part of this overall
monitoring program of the river systems since mid-1975. The
program is an ongoing activity of the District and this report
presents the results for 1980.
Samples for radioactivity were collected in HCl-containing
plastic bottles once a month at a predetermined number of loca-
tions: 17 on the Chicago River, 12 on the Calumet River, and
18 on the Des Plaines River.
A 500 ml aliquot of a water sample was evaporated to
approximately 20 ml, transferred into an evaporating dish,
evaporated to dryness, and flamed until no vapors were given off.
The remaining solids were scraped loose, ground with a pestle,
and then transferred into a counting planchet. A couple of drops
37
-------
of carbon tetrachloride were added to help evenly spread the
solids. Subsequently, the samples were counted 100 minutes
for total alpha and 100 minutes for total beta activity by
the use of a Beckman Widebeta II proportional counter which
was previously calibrated with radium-226 and cesium-137,
respectively, for total alpha and total beta determinations.
The results of the determinations for the year 1980 are
tabulated in Tables 1-3 in terms of the number of samples
analyzed, the yearly low, high, and average (x) total alpha
and total beta concentration for each sampling location; the
reported error is given by
e = 1.96 S-
where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
38
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 1
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January-Decenber 1980
STATION 0SAHPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 ^SAMPLES
ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED
County Line Road, West
Fork, North Branch, 12 0.00 0.75 0.36 0.15 12
Chicago River
County Line Road, Middle
Fork, North Branch, 9 0.20 1.55 0.64 0.17 8
Chicago River
County Line Road,
Skokie River 11 0.37 1.44 0.66 0.20 11
Deraps t er St.,
North Branch, Chicago River 9 0.00 0.79 0.36 0.13 9
Central Ave.,
North Shore Channel 9 0.00 1.05 0.27 0.12 8
Touhy Avenue,
North Shore Channel 11 0.00 0.54 0.23 0.12 11
U 1 1 s o n Ave.,
North Branch, Chicago River 12 0.08 0.64 0.35 0.12 12
Dive rsey Ave .
North Branch, Chicago River 12 0.12 1.06 0.52 0.13 12
Grand Ave.,
North Branch, Chicago River 12 0.00 0.69 0.26 0.12 11
Outer Drive Bridge,
Chicago River 11 0.00 0.21 0.06 0.08 11
Madison St . ,
South Branch, Chicago River 12 0.00 0.89 0.20 0.10 11
Daroen Avenue ,
South Branch, Chicago River 12 0.03 0.90 0.32 0.11 12
Cicero Ave . ,
Chicago Sanitary 4 Ship Canal 12 0.0'' 0,39 0.33 0.11 12
Ha rl em Av e . ,
Chicago Sanitary S> Ship Canal 12 0.00 0.49 0.11 0.10 12
TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
7.58 22.06 14. 63 0.51
6.38 18.98 10.34 0.52
6.73 23.26 14.72 0.53
0.23 13.63 6.94 0.41
2.14 13.33 5.63 0.42
4.71 13.82 9.29 0.44
6.28 15.20 10. 80 0.44
8. 8 L 14.37 11.39 0.45
6.03 14.27 10.48 0.46
0.60 7.60 3. 90 0.33
4.59 11.37 7.97 0.41
5.74 12.47 8.71 0.41
5.19 12.94 8.58 0.40
6.59 13.38 9.79 0.42
-------
-p.
o
TABLE 1 (Continued)
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND B ET *i CONCENTRATION IN WATKR
January-December 1980
Route 83
Chicago
Seep Hens
Chicago
16th St.
Ch icago
ST^T ION
Sanitary 6.
St . ,
Sanitary 4
Sanitary &
^SAMPLES
ANALYSED
Ship Canal 12
Ship Canal 11
Ship Canal 9
TOTAL ALPHA
LOW HIGH
0.00 0
0.00 0
0.13 0
. 66
. 44
. 74
pCi/1
AVERAGE
0.
0.
0.
23
24
33
//SAMPLES
*ERROR ANALYZED
0.11 12
0.12 11
0.14 H
TOTAL BETA
LOW HIGH
7.47 13
8.14 15
6.30 17
. 90
. 55
. 30
pCi/1
AVERAGE
10.32
11.53
11.25
* ERROR
0.43
0. 48
0.47
''ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
X X
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 2
CALUMET KIVLR SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BET\ CONCENTRATION
January - December 1930
WATER
STATION //SAMPLES
AN.\LY£CU
Eui n^ Ave . ,
Calunet River 11
Wolf Lake, Burn ham Ave.,
(Overflow Ditch) 9
Indiana Harbor
Belt RR Bridge, 11
Grand Caluraet River
Wcntworth Ave.,
Little Calumet River 10
Joe Orr Road,
Thorn Creel; 12
130th St.,
Calurae [River 12
Indian.) Ave. 9 135th St.,
Little Calu net River 11
Hals ted St . ,
Little Caluoet River 11
Ashland Ave. near 135th St.,
Little Calunet River 10
As hi J nil A vu . ,
Cal-Sa;;Channel 11
Cicero Ave.,
C.il-Sau Channel 12
H o u L e 83 Bridge,
Cal-SagChannel 12
TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 0SA.1PLES TOTAL ti ETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *£RROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROP.
0.02 0.24 0.14 0.08 12 2.44 5.59 4.54 0.
0.03 0.32 0.16 0.10 11 4.95 8.12 7.14 0.
0.05 1.13 0.40 0.20 12 10.83 19.54 15.01 0.
0.07 1.39 0.56 0.20 10 10.39 23.63 16.22 0.
0.00 3.06 0.80 0.33 12 11.37 34.73 24.20 0.
0.00 0.46 0.21 0.10 12 3.50 17.82 9.31 0.
0.04 0.87 0.38 0.14 10 6.48 1 M . 4 6 11.92 0.
0.16 1.05 0.49 0.16 11 6.92 23.79 15.57 0.
0.27 1.86 0.70 U.24 10 10.51 27.32 16.44 0.
0.11 1.50 0.61 0.17 12 4.32 27.02 14.71 0.
0.03 1.23 0.50 0.15 12 4.20 22.23 14.43 0.
0.16 1.53 0.50 0.15 12 7.58 22.53 14.11 0.
32
37
53
57
63
40
50
54
60
50
50
50
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
X A '
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 3
UES PLAINES RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January - December 1980
STATION ^SAMPLES
ANALYZED
Longroeadow Lane, upstreara of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant, 12
Du Page River
Lake St., downstream of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant, 12
Du Page River
Elmhurst Road, upstreara of
O'Hare Treatment Plant, 11
Higgins Creek
Uille Road, downstream of
O'Hare Treatment Plant, 11
Higgins Creek
Higgins Road, upstream of
Egan Treatment Plant, 9
Salt Creek
Arlington Heights Road,
downstream of Egan 12
Treatment Plant, Salt Creek
Devon Ave.,
Salt Creek 12
County Line Road,
Des Plaines River 11
County Line Road,
Buffalo Creek 11
Oakton St.,
Des Plaines River 10
Belraon t Ave . ,
Des Plainea Ri ve r 11
Kooscvelt Road,
Ues Plaines River 1 1
TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 iCSAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOU HIGH AVERAGE *ERROK ANALYZED LOU HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
0.31 5.25 1.74 0.32 12 9.60 67.79 24.84 0.71
0.34 2.16 1.23 0.22 11 12.31 32.06 21.03 0.63
0.17 1.36 0.72 0.18 11 8.30 18.44 12.93 0.50
0.60 1.62 0.91 0.22 10 6.90 25.95 18.48 0.63
0.45 1.24 0.93 0.20 9 10.30 19.43 13.19 0.55
0.35 1.93 1.04 0.22 12 9.95 28.89 18.26 0.58
0.26 1.94 1.13 0.23 12 10.75 29.14 19.70 0.60
0.18 1.53 0.68 0.18 10 10.72 18.77 14.74 0.56
0.00 5.59 1.27 0.21 10 9.71 71.34 19.32 0.63
0.00 1.39 0.62 0.17 11 10.93 20.15 15..46 0.55
0.06 2.38 0.91 0.21 11 11.80 30.73 17.33 0.57
0.21 1.58 0.71 0.19 10 11.55 19.5'j 14.84 0.56
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 3 (Continued)
DF.S PLAICES RIVER SYSTEM
TOT\L ALPHA AND bETA CONCENTRATIOM 1M HATER.
January - December 1980
STATION
Wolf Road,
Salt Creek
First Avc . ,
Salt Creek
Ogden A v e . ,
Des Plaines River
Willow Springs Road,
Des Piaines River
Stephens St.,
Des Plaines River
Ch icaso-ElflIn Rd . ,
Poplar Creek
^SAMPLES TOT\L ALPHA pCi/1 0 S AMP LES TOTAL HETA p C i / 1
ANALYZED LOU HIGH AVERAGE *ERROK ANALYZED LOU il I G t! AVERAGE *EIIKOR
12 0.00 2.29 l.U 0.26 12 12.46 34.19 22.02 O.h3
11 0.31 1.84 I. Ok 0.24 11 14.24 25. h9 19.79 0.62
11 0.27 1.72 0.34 0,21 11 11.99 19.05 15.30 0.55
11 0.11 1.2B 0.68 0,20 11 11.01 21. U 14.96 0.55
11 0.00 1.81 0.89 0,23 11 11.52 24.57 16.47 0.57
9 0.24 0.86 0.49 0.17 9 8.63 14.91 11.35 0.53
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
XX
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
100 EAST ERIE STREET
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60611
RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS
1981 AND 1982
The three river systems of the greater Chicago area --
Chicago, Calumet, and Des Plaines are under the jurisdiction
of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago
(District). They comprise 170 miles (273.6 Km) of waterways.
The District maintains a monitoring program of the water qual-
ity of these systems with regards to the standards established
by the Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) as well as for
the purpose of detecting any changes with respect to the water
quality of the past and future years. The analyses for total
alpha and beta radioactivity have been a part of this overall
monitoring program of the river systems since mid-1975. The
program is an ongoing activity of the District and this report
presents the results for 1981 and 1982.
Samples for radioactivity were collected in (HCl-contain-
ing plastic bottles) once a month at a predetermined number of
locations: 17 on the Chicago River, 12 on the Calumet River,
and 18 on the Des Plaines River.
A 500 ml aliquot of a water sample was evaporated to
approximately 20 ml, transferred into an evaporating dish,
evaporated to dryness, and flamed until no vapors were given
44
-------
off. The remaining solids were scraped loose, ground with a
pestle, and then transferred into a counting planchet. A cou-
ple of drops of carbon tetrachloride were added to help evenly
spread the solids. Subsequently, the samples were counted 100
minutes for total alpha and 100 minutes for total beta activ-
ity by the use of a Beckman Widebeta II proportional counter
which was previously calibrated with radium-226 and cesium-
137, respectively, for total alpha and total beta determina-
tions.
The results of the determinations for the years 1981 and
1982 are tabulated in Tables 1-3 and 4-6, respectively. The
results are presented in terms of the number of samples ana-
lyzed, the yearly low, high, and average (x) total alpha and
total beta concentration for each sampling location; the
reported error is given by
e = 1.96 S-
j\,
where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
45
-------
cn
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 1
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January - December 1981
STATION «SAMPLES
ANALYZED
County Line Roadr West
Forkr North Branchr 12
Chicago River
County Line Roadr Middle
Forkr North Branchr 10
Chicago River
County Line Roadr
Skokie River 12
Dempster St.r
North Branchr Chicago River 10
Central Ave.r
'North Shore Channel 10
Touhy Avenue r
North Shore Channel 11
Wilson Ave. r
North Branchr Chicago River 12
Diverse** Ave.r
North Branchr Chicago River 11
Grand Ave.r
North Branchr Chicago River 11
Outer Drive Bridger
Chicago River 10
Madison St.r
South Branchr Chicago River 10
Damen Avenue r
South Branchr Chicago River 12
Cicero Ave.r
Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal 12
Harlem Ave.r
Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal 10
TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
0.00 1.14 0.37 0.25 12 10.24 23.47 16.23 0.49
0.00 1.24 0.39 0.22 10 7.81 15.46 10.73 0.46
0.00 0.90 0.33 0.20 12 7.76 12.74 10.75 0.41
0.00 0.47 0.16 0.13 10 4.46 12.06 6.15 0.38
0.00 0.62 0.17 0.16 10 3.62 11.43 5.81 0.45
0.00 0.41 0.16 0.15 12 4.66 11.05 9.13 0.39
0.00 0.81 0.32 0.17 12 9.36 12.49 10.64 0.41
0.00 0.69 0.24 0.19 12 7.10 13.27 10.73 0.41
0.00 0.44 0.18 0.17 10 6.61 11.91 9.95 0.43
0.00 0.37 0.15 0.14 10 4.04 6.60 4.84 0.36
0.00 1.09 0.32 0.15 10 6.38 9.84 7.73 0.41
0.00 0.52 0.24 0.14 12 5.53 11.24 8.27 0.38
0.00 0.51 0.26 0.15 11 4.89 11.70 8.36 0.40
0.00 0.44 0.21 0.17 12 7.32 12.94 9.81 0.40
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 1 (Continued)
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January - December 1981
Route 83
Chicsao
Stephens
Chicaflo
16th St.
Chicago
STATION
Sanitary g Ship Canal
St.»
Sanitaru i Ship Canal
Sanitaru & Ship Canal
tSAMPLES
ANALYZED
12
12
12
TOTAL ALPHA
LOU HIGH
0.00 1
0.00 0
0.00 0
.63
.72
,82
pCi/1
AVERAGE
0.28
0.27
0.28
*SAMPLES
*ERROR ANALYZED
0.15 12
0.17 12
0.16 12
LOU
4.88
7.50
6.89
TOTAL BETA
HIGH
13
13
13
.77
.48
.04
pCi/1
AVERAGE
9,91
10.63
10.19
*ERROR
0.4O
0.41
0.41
*BRROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
X X
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 2
CALUMET RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
Januara - December 1981
STATION ^SAMPLES
ANALYZED
EwinS Ave. r
C*lu*et River 11
Wolf Laker Burnham Ave.r
(Overflow Ditch) 12
Indiana Harbor
Belt RR Bridge, 12
Grand Calunet River
Wentworth Ave.r
Little Caluaet River 11
Joe Orr Rosdr
Thorn Creek 12
130th St.r
-pa Caluaet River 11
CO
Indians Ave. 9 135th St.*
Little Caluoet River 11
Halsted St.r
Little Calunet River 12
Ashland Ave. near 135th St.r
Little Calumet River 11
Ashland Ave.r
Cal-SaS Channel 11
Cicero Ave* r
Cal-Sea Channel 12
Route 83 Bridtfer
Cal-SaS Channel 12
TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 #SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOU HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE
0.00 0.54 0.11 0.12 11 3.57
0.00 0.79 0.27 0.12 12 4.37
0.00 2.63 0.61 0.28 11 11.24
0.20 2.32 0.92 0.22 11 9.95
0.00 3.22 0,94 0.46 12 14.81
0.00 0.68 0.28 0.14 11 5.31
0,00 0.37 0.22 0.15 11 6.89
0.00 1.74 0.54 0.21 12 7.15
0.06 1.B5 0.71 0.26 11 10.33
0.04 1.62 0.47 0.21 12 6,29
0.00 2.31 0.48 0,22 12 6.95
0.09 3.11 0.66 0.23 12 8.59
5,80 4.77
12.16 7.71
22.78 14.69
26.39 14.31
25.97 20.01
12.86 9.20
12.50 9.97
16.37 13.07
26.54 15.59
23.92 14.38
22.54 13.46
27.97 14.53
*ERROR
0.37
0.38
0.51
0.49
0.58
0,42
0.42
0.45
0.51
0.47
0.45
0.47
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
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THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 3
DES PLAINES RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January - December 1981
STATION
Lomtaeadow Lane* upstream of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant*
Du Pase River
Lake St.* downstream of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant*
Du Paae River
El hurst Road? upstream of
O'Hare Treatment Plant*
HidSins Creek
Wille Road t downstream of
O'Hare Treatment Plant*
Hi S3 ins Creek
Hisains Road* upstream of
-c? Eaan Treatment Plant*
Salt Creek
Arlington Heishts Road*
downstream of ESan
Treatment PlantfSalt Creek
Devon Ave *
Salt Creek
County Line Road*
Des Plaines River
County Line Road*
Buffalo Creek
Oakton St . *
Des Plaines River
Belmont Ave. *
Des Plaines River
Roosevelt Road*
Des Plaines River
SAMPLES
ANALYZED
10
12
10
12
10
12
12
10
10
9
12
10
TOTAL ALPHA
LOU HIGH
0.20 1,96
0.00 4.40
0.08 1.20
0.00 1.57
0.00 1.02
0.00 2.39
0.00 3.17
0.10 1.16
0.31 1.78
0 . 05 1 . 32
0.04 1.52
0.21 1.28
pCi/1
AVERAGE
0
i
0
0
0
0
i
0
0
0
0
0
.90
.40
.51
.81
.50
.64
.14
.49
.88
.80
.59
.75
*ERROR
0.25
0.32
0.22
0.30
0.21
0.27
0.30
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.23
SAMPLES
ANALYZED
10
12
10
12
9
12
12
10
9
10
12
10
TOTAL BETA
LOW HIGH
10.25 24
13.88 32
7.51 18
9.06 29
8.11 16
10.36 24
0.00 28
0.00 18
7.35 20
8.84 19
9.30 24
0.00 19
.56
.58
.45
.14
.68
.86
.67
,38
.36
.30
,49
.93
pCi/1
AVERAGE
15.07
19.95
11.33
18.98
11.03
16.40
16.72
11.01
13.40
13.47
14.15
11.88
* ERROR
0.53
0,55
0.47
0.54
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.46
0,58.
0.50
0.47
0.48
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 3 (Continued)
DES PLAINES RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January - December 1981
STATION
Wolf Roadr
Salt Creek
First Ave.»
Salt Creek
Oaden Ave. t
Des Plaines River
Willow Springs Roadr
Des Plaines River
Stephens St.»
Des Plaines River
Chicaao-ElSin Rd.r
Poplar Creek
SAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
ANALYZED LOU HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
11 0.20 2.69 1.16 0.31 11 0.00 28.02 15.85 0.52
10 0.32 2.52 1.34 0.29 10 10,20 24.80 17.46 0.56
9 0.31 1.76 0.73 0.24 10 11.70 27.92 16.13 0.54
10 0.00 1.02 0.49 0.23 10 9.99 16.76 14.18 0.51
10 0.11 2.13 0.88 0.24 10 8.60 19.97 14.38 0.51
10 0.07 0.80 0.47 0.20 10 8.29 16.53 10.72 0.47
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
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THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 4
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January-December 1982
STATION *SAMPLES
ANALYZED
County Line Road* West
Fork* North Branch* 12
Chicago River
Counts Line Roadr Middle
Fork? North Branch r 9
Chicago River
County Line Roadr
Skokie River 12
Dempster St > r
North Branch* Chicago River 9
Central Ave. *
North Shore Channel 9
Touhu Avenue*
North Shore Channel 12
Wilson Ave. *
North Branch* Chicago River 12
Diversey Ave. *
North Branch* Chicago River 12
Brand Ave. *
North Branch* Chicago River 12
Outer Drive Bridge*
Chicago River 12
Madison St. *
South Branch* Chicago River 12
Damen Avenue*
South Branch* Chicago River 12
Cicero Ave. *
Chicago Sanitaru 8 Ship Canal 12
Harlem Ave.r
Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal 12
TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
0.05 0.95 0.31 0.13 12 8.46 25.66 15.44 0.46
0.04 0.85 0.34 0.10 9 6.22 13.74 8.56 0.41
0.00 0.90 0,35 0.10 12 3.64 13.26 9,78 0.38
0.00 0.58 0.18 0,08 8 3.57 11.66 7.37 0.42
0.00 0.47 0.12 0,06 9 2.99 7.38 4.44 0.34
0.00 0.92 0.24 0.09 11 5.24 11.62 8.82 0.39
0,00 0.58 0.22 0.09 12 5.98 12,62 9.42 0.38
0.00 0.73 0,32 0.09 12 8.19 12.14 10.03 0.38
0.00 2.15 0.42 0.10 12 6.09 23.61 9.70 0.38
0.00 0.63 0.16 0.06 12 2.90 16.60 5,86 0.32
0.03 0.22 0.13 0.07 12 4.78 15.69 8.19 0.35
0.00 1.85 0.34 0.08 12 3.95 io.10 6.76 0,34
0.00 1.12 0.31 0.09 12 4.92 14.17 7,86 0.36
0.00 0.31 0.12 0.07 12 5.84 11.04 8,00 0.35
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THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 4 (Continued)
CHICAGO RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
Januara-December 1982
STATION *SAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 *SAMPLES
ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED
Route 83 r
Chicago Sanitara 8 Ship Canal 12 0.00 0.35 0.12 0.07 12
Stephens St.f
Chicago Sanitsra & Ship Canal 12 0.00 0.72 0.33 0.09 12
16th St.*
Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal 11 0.00 0.80 0.31 0.09 12
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
CJl
ro
TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
5.87 12.55 8,26 0.36
6.36 12.53 9.46 0.37
7.12 13.05 10.27 0.38
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THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 5
CALUMET RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January-December 1982
STATION
Ewina Ave.r
Calunet River
Wolf Laker Burnham Ave.r
(Overflow Ditch)
Indiana Harbor
Belt RR Bridaer
Grand Calumet River
Uentworth Ave.r
Little Calumet River
Joe Orr Roadr
Thorn Creek
130th St.r
Calumet River
Indiana Ave. 6 135th St.r
Little Calumet River
Halsted St.r
Little Calumet River
Ashland Ave. near 135th St.r
Little Calumet River
Ashland Ave.r
Cal-Sad Channel
Cicero Ave. r
Cal-Sad Channel
Route 83 Bridaer
Cal-Sad Channel
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S-
SAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 tSAMPLES
ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED
10
11
9
10
12
10
10
12
9
12
12
9
is the
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
standard error
3.10
2.95
1.30
2.84
2.15
1.43
2.18
2.76
1.40
1.27
1.20
2.62
of the
0.60 0.10 10
0.47 0.08 11
0.39 0.14 9
0.89 0.16 10
0.80 0.28 12
0.41 0.09 9
0,61 0.11 8
0.83 0.12 12
0.58 0.17 10
0.49 0,11 12
0.44 0.10 12
0,70 0.13 10
average net activity.
TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
2.46 7.34 4.74 0.35
4.44 8.09 5.75 0.33
11.43 19.01 13.65 0.50
9.12 29.18 13.76 0.47
12,45 26.18 19.32 0.55
4.62 12.11 7.76 0.41
5.46 14.97 9.09 0.45
0.00 16.04 11.70 0.40
10.76 21,70 13.96 0.49
7.42 15.00 11.36 0.40
7.24 16.35 11.75 0.40
6.54 22.06 12.28 0.45
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THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 6
DES PLAINES RIVER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January-December 1982
STATION
#SAMPLES
ANALYZED
LOU
TOTAL ALPHA fCi/l
HIGH AVERAGE
#SAMPLES
*ERROR ANALYZED
TOTAL BETA pCi/1
LOW HIGH AVERAGE
*ERROR
Longmeadow Lane* upstream of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant* 9
Du Pase River
Lake St.* downstream of
Hanover Park Treatment Plant* 12
Du Pase River
Elmhurst Road* upstream of
O'Hare Treatment Plant* 9
Hiaains Creek
Uille Road * downstream of
O'Hare Treatment Plant* 12
Hiaains Creek
Hiaains Road* upstream of
Eaan Treatment Plant* 9
Salt Creek
Arlington Heights Road*
downstream of ESan 12
Treatment Plant*S3lt Creek
Devon Ave.*
Salt Creek 12
County Line Road*
Des Plsines River 10
County Line Road*
Buffalo Creek 9
Oskton St.»
Des Plaines River 10
Belmont Ave.*
Des Plsines River 10
Roosevelt Road*
Des Plaines River 10
0,00 1.27 0.73 0.16
0.05 2.02 0,91 0.17 12
0.00 1.26 0.38 O.i:
0.00 1.01 0.50 0.15 12
0.17 0.84 0.55 0.13
0.13 1.99
0.36
0.00
0.52
0.08
0.23
0.00
1.51
1.02
0.94
0.68
1.31
0.52
0.71
0.81
0.38
0.72
0.42
0.48
0.26
0.15 12
0.16
0.11
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.11
12
10
9
10
10
10
7.59 23.03 13.86 0.51
9.32 30.21 18,15 0.50
.41 14.30 8.70 0.43
5.25 27.09 17,21 0.49
6.49 17.26 10.04 0.44
8.40 22.42 14.73 0,46
6,35 28.50 16.78 0.48
7.13 13.92 10.86 0.43
7.24 14.53 11.74 0.47
9.46 13,96 11.82 0.44
8.13 21,82 13.35 0.47
7.02 18.29 11,85 0.44
-------
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
TABLE 6 (Continued)
DES PLAINES RIMER SYSTEM
TOTAL ALPHA AND BETA CONCENTRATION IN WATER
January-December 1982
STATION
Wolf Road»
Salt Creek
First Ave. »
Salt Creek
Osden Ave. r
Des Plaines River
Willow Springs Roadf
Des Plaines River
Stephens St. r
Des Plsines River
Chica2o-El3in Rd.»
<-r' Poplar Creek
en
*SAMPLES TOTAL ALPHA pCi/1 tSAMFLES TOTAL BETA pCi/1
ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR ANALYZED LOW HIGH AVERAGE *ERROR
10 0.06 1.60 0.71 0.19 10 10.09 31.63 17.74 0.54
10 0.00 0.8B 0.53 0.16 10 10,50 22.98 15.60 0.51
10 0.08 1.07 0.44 0.13 10 8.77 19.44 12.54 0.46
9 0.14 1.19 0.59 0.15 9 8,92 19.34 13.33 0.49
10 0.33 2.19 0.89 0.17 10 9.30 23.25 14,12 0.48
9 0.00 0.85 0.34 0.11 9 5.57 21.30 9.20 0.43
*ERROR (e) = 1.96 S- where S- is the standard error of the average net activity.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA (ERD) is published quarterly (January,
April, July, October) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Office of Radiation Programs.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of
ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Technical Support Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be
directed to:
H. Michael Mardis, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
P. 0. Box 3009
Montgomery, Alabama 36193
or to:
Lewis Battist, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
***
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