FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
F006 WASTEWATERS (ADDENDUM)
Larry Rosengrant, Chief
Treatment Technology Branch
Monica Chatmon-McEaddy
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
May 1990
Note: This background document is an addendum to the August 1988 Final Best Demoni
Technology CBDAT) Background Document for F006
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Versar Inc. under Contract No.
68-W9-0068. Mr. Larry Rosengrant, Chief, Treatment Technology Section,
Waste Treatment Branch, served as the EPA Program Manager during the
preparation of this document and the development of treatment standards
for the F006 wastewaters. The technical project officer for the waste
was Ms. Monica Chatmon-McEaddy. Mr. Steven Silverman served as legal
advisor.
Versar personnel involved in the preparation of this document included
Mr. Jerome Strauss, Program Manager; Mr. Stephen Schwartz, Assistant
Program Manager; Mr. Mark Donnelly, Principal Investigator and Author;
Mr. Amanjit Paintal, Staff Engineer; Ms. Justine Alchowiak, Quality
Assurance Officer; Ms. Martha Martin, Technical Editor; and Ms. Sally
Gravely, Secretary.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page No,
1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1-1
2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected 2-1
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-1
3. APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-2
4. PERFORMANCE DATA 4-1
4.1 BDAT List Metals Treatment Data 4-1
4 . 2 Cyanide Treatment Data 4-2
5. DETERMINATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
(BDAT) 5-1
5 .1 BDAT Treatment for Metals 5-1
5. 2 BDAT Treatment for Cyanides 5-3
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 6-1
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents 6-1
6.2 Constituents Selected for Regulation 6-2
7 . CALCULATION OF BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
8. REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDIX A WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F006 WASTEWATERS
COLLECTED BY EPA'S OFFICE OF WATER FOR THE EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES FOR THE METAL FINISHING
INDUSTRY A-1
ATTENDIX B - PERFORMANCE DATA FOR F006 WASTEWATERS COLLECTED BY
EPA'S OFFICE OF WATER FOR THE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY B-l
ii
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LIST OF TABLES
Page No.
Table 1-1 BOAT Treatment Standards for F006 Wastes 1-5
Table 4-1 Treatment Performance Data for K062 - EPA-Collected Data . 4-4
Table 4-2 Alkaline Chlorination Data Submitted by Plant C During
the Public Comment Period 4-15
Table 7-1 Calculation of Corrected Values for Regulated Constituents -
Treated Wastewater 7-2
Table 7-2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Regulated
Constituents Treated Wastewater 7-3
Table 7-3 Summary of Accuracy Adjustment of Treatment Data for Total
Cyanide in Electroplating Wastes 7-6
Table 7-4 Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standards for Total
and Amenable Cyanide Based on Alkaline Chlorination 7-7
111
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1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This document provides the Agency's rationale and technical support
for selecting the constituents to be regulated in F006 wastewaters and
for developing treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
This document is an addendum to the supporting best demonstrated
available technology (BDAT) background documents for F006 nonwastewaters.
Treatment standards for metal constituents in F006 nonwastewaters were
presented in the F006 background document dated August 1988 (USEPA
1988a); treatment standards for cyanides in F006 nonwastewaters were
presented in a background document for cyanide wastes dated June 1989
(USEPA 1989a). Information regarding untreated F006 waste and F006
nonwastewater standards can be accessed through these background
documents. This addendum contains only information pertaining to the
development of treatment standards for F006 wastewaters.
Treatment standards for certain metals contained in F006
nonwastewaters were originally promulgated as part of the First Third
rulemaking (53 FR 31152, August 17, 1988). In that rulemaking, the
Agency established treatment standards for cadmium, chromium, lead,
nickel, and silver, which were found to leach at treatable levels from
untreated waste. The treatment standards were based on performance data
from stabilization. In the First Third rulemaking, the Agency reserved
the nonwastewater cyanide treatment standards for F006 waste.
Treatment standards for amenable and total cyanide in F006
nonwastewaters were promulgated by the Agency as part of the Second Third
rulemaking (54 FR 26600, June 23, 1989). The cyanide treatment standards
for F006 nonwastewaters were based on performance data from alkaline
chlorination followed by chemical precipitation, filtration, and sludge
dewatering.
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According to 40 CFR 261.32, waste code F006 is listed as "wastewater
treatment sludges from electroplating operations except from the
following processes: (1) sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (2) tin
plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon
steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel;
(5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc, and aluminum plating on
carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and milling of aluminum." F006
waste as typically generated is by BDAT definition a nonwastewater. For
the purpose of determining the applicability of treatment standards,
wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight
basis) total suspended solids* and less than 1 percent (weight basis)
total organic carbon (TOG). Wastes not meeting this definition must
comply with the treatment standards for nonwastewaters.
The F006 wastewaters are expected to be generated primarily from the
following sources: (1) filtrate and/or clarifier overflow from treated
electroplating wastewaters, (2) RCRA corrective actions at RCRA
facilities, and (3) spills. F006 wastewater, which results primarily
from waste treatment operations in the electroplating or metal finishing
industry, is clearly defined in the First Third Final Rule (53 FR 31153),
which states that, "the supernatant (from the clarifier) from F006
generation is not considered to be F006, but simply wastewater from the
treatment of electroplating wastewater. Filtrate from F006 sludges could
be hazardous under the derived from rule, but if the filtrate is similar
in terms of identity and concentration of its metal constituents in the
influent to the wastewater treatment process, it is not considered to be
derived-from F006. Rather it is the original influent wastewater."
*The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used
terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically,
the quantity of total suspended solids is measured by Method 209C
(Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103°C to 105°C) in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition (APHA,
AWWA, and WPCF 1985).
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The resulting filtrate from filtration of F006 nonwastewater sludge
can be directly discharged to the POTWs under NPDES permit. It also
could be recycled back to the clarifier and discharged as clarifier
supernatant to POTWs under a NPDES permit. If the filtrate is recycled
to the clarifier, and the concentration of constituents in the normal
influent to the clarifier is similar to or higher than the concentration
of constituents in the recycled filtrate wastewater from the filter, then
the combined filtrate and clarifier overflow are not considered F006
wastewaters. If F006 filtrate wastewater is not recycled back to the
clarifier, and subsequently comes in contact with a land disposal unit
prior to discharge to POTWs or NPDES discharge, the contents of the land
disposal unit, i.e., surface impoundment, must meet the RCRA Land
Disposal Restriction standard for F006 wastewaters, regardless of its
similarity to the clarifier influent or overflow.
In the First Third Rule, the Agency indicated that it did intend to
propose numerical wastewater standards for F006 wastewaters in the Third
Third Final Rule as opposed to a No Land Disposal because a facility may
wish to store an F006 wastewater in a land disposal unit. Therefore, the
Agency is promulgating treatment standards for cadmium, chromium, lead,
nickel, and total and amenable cyanide based on technology performance
data and similarity of waste streams.
For F006 wastewaters, the Agency is promulgating treatment standards
for cadmium, total chromium, lead, nickel, and total and amenable
cyanides. The treatment standards for cadmium, total chromium, lead, and
nickel are based on treatability data from the performance of hexavalent
chromium reduction, followed by chemical precipitation using lime and
sulfide, and sludge dewatering. The Agency is transferring metals
treatment standards from K062 wastewater performance data. The treatment
standards for total and amenable cyanides in wastewater are based on the
performance of alkaline chlorination. The Agency is transferring cyanide
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treatment standards from F007, F008, and F009 mixed wastewater
performance data (Table 4-2).
Table 1-1 summarizes the treatment standards for F006 wastewaters and
the existing standards for F006 nonwastewaters.
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Table 1-1 BDAT Treatment Standards for F006 Wastes
Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Cyanide (amenable)
Cyanide (total)
Maximum
Wastewater
Total
composition
(rag/1)
1.6
0.32
0.040
0.44
0.86
1.20
for anv single grab
sample
Nonwastewater
Total
composition
(mg/kg)
NA
NA
NA
NA
30
590
TCLP
(mg/1)
0.066
5.2
0.51
0.32
NA
NA
NA - Not applicable.
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2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
According to 40 CFR 261.32, waste code F006 is listed as "wastewater
treatment sludges from electroplating operations except from the
following processes: (1) sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (2) tin
plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon
steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel;
(5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc, and aluminum plating on
carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and milling of aluminum." This
section discusses F006 wastes, their generation, and the industry
affected by the land disposal restrictions that apply to them.
2.1 Industry Affected
F006 wastewaters result primarily from waste treatment operations in
the electroplating or metal finishing industries. Using the 1985
Biennial Report Data Base, EPA identified approximately 4,500 facilities
as generators of F006 wastes. The process description for generating
F006 wastes is outlined in the F006 background document (USEPA 1988a).
Since it has not been altered, it is not repeated in this document.
2.2 Waste Characterization
Waste characterization data available to the Agency that are
applicable to F006 wastes include data for a metal-bearing F006, K062,
D002, and D003 wastewater. The data include information for the toxic
metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc and
cyanide constituents. These data are presented with the performance data
in Section 4 of this document.
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Other waste characterization data applicable to F006 wastewaters were
collected by EPA's Office of Water for the Effluent Limitations
Guidelines for the Metal Finishing Industry (USEPA 1983). These data are
presented in Appendix A of this addendum. The waste characterization
data in Appendix A include metal finishing industry data for the toxic
metals cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel (Appendix A Tables 5-18 and
5-19), as well as data for silver (Appendix A Table 5-20). Additional
EPA Office of Water data applicable to F006 wastewaters are presented in
the Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
Wastewaters Containing BDAT List Constituents (USEPA 1989d).
2-2
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3. APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
This section describes the applicable and demonstrated treatment
technologies for F006 wastewaters. The technologies that are considered
applicable to the treatment of F006 wastewaters are those that treat the
proposed regulated constituents by reducing their concentration in
the wastewater. This section includes discussions of those applicable
treatment technologies and those that have been demonstrated (i.e., are
used on a full-scale basis).
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Available information shows that several technologies are applicable
for treatment of F006 wastewaters to reduce the concentration of metals.
One applicable technology for the removal of metals from plating
wastewaters and F006 wastewaters include (1) a chromium reduction step to
treat hexavalent chromium, (2) a chemical precipitation step to
precipitate metals out of solution, and (3) a sludge dewatering step to
remove the precipitated residues from solution. Another applicable
technology as BOAT for metals removal is ion exchange. Ion exchange is a
treatment technology applicable to metals in wastewaters where the metals
+3 -2
are present as soluble ionic species (e.g., Cr and CrO, ).
EPA has identified four technologies as potentially applicable for
treatment of cyanides in F006 wastewaters: (1) electrolytic oxidation;
(2) chemical oxidation using any of several oxidizing agents, such as
hypochlorite or chlorine (alkaline chlorination), permanganate, ozone, or
SO^/air (Inco process); (3) wet air oxidation; and (4) high-temperature
cyanide hydrolysis.
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Electrolytic oxidation followed by alkaline chlorination, chemical
oxidation (alkaline chlorination or other methods) alone, electrolytic
oxidation alone, wet air oxidation, and high-temperature hydrolysis
reduce the concentration of cyanide in wastewaters treated. These
technologies usually fully destroy the amenable cyanide present in the
waste but treat the complexed cyanides to varying degrees, depending on,
among other things, the stability of the metal-cyanide complex and the
severity of the oxidizing agent and reaction conditions. Iron cyanide
complexes are typically the most resistant to oxidation treatment.
Additional information on the technologies identified to be
applicable for F006 wastewaters can be found in the Treatment Technology
Background Document (USEPA 1989c).
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
All treatment technologies identified as being applicable for removal
of metals in F006 wastewaters are also considered to be demonstrated
because they are used on a full-scale commercial basis for treatment of
metal-bearing wastewaters. A hexavalent chromium reduction, metals
precipitation, and sludge dewatering treatment train are widely practiced
metals treatment schemes. Information regarding treatment of
precipitated solids (F006 nonwastewaters) from such a treatment train is
presented in the F006 background document (USEPA 1988a).
Ion exchange has also been commercially demonstrated for metals in
wastewaters similar to F006 wastewaters. However, concentrating the BDAT
list metals on the ion exchange resin substrate creates a hazardous
nonwastewater requiring treatment to remove the adsorbed metals. This
treatment also produces another wastewater residual requiring either
chemical precipitation and/or recovery of metals.
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The treatment technologies identified as being applicable for
treatment of cyanides in F006 wastewaters are also considered to be
demonstrated. Available information shows that electrolytic oxidation
followed by alkaline chlorination, alkaline chlorination alone, wet air
oxidation, high-temperature hydrolysis, and 50,,/air oxidation are
demonstrated for treatment of cyanide in wastewaters. The Agency has
identified at least one full-scale facility that uses electrolytic
oxidation followed by alkaline chlorination to treat cyanides, at least
five facilities that use alkaline chlorination to treat cyanide wastes
(and believes that there are at least hundreds), at least one facility
that treats cyanide-containing wastes by high-temperature cyanide
hydrolysis, and one pilot-scale facility that has treated cyanide waste
by wet air oxidation. In addition, wet air oxidation and SO^/air
oxidation are used to treat similar wastes in full-scale processes.
Information regarding cyanide treatment of F006 nonwastewaters is
presented in the background document for cyanide wastes (USEPA 1989a).
Performance data for the above technologies are presented and discussed
in Section 4.
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4. PERFORMANCE DATA
This section discusses the available performance data associated with
the demonstrated technologies for F006 wastewaters. The performance data
include the constituent concentrations in untreated and treated waste
samples and data on waste characteristics that affect performance. Data
used to develop treatment standards are incorporated into the body of
this addendum. Data that were considered but not used to develop
treatment standards are presented as attachments.
4.1 BOAT List Metals Treatment Data
The performance data available to the Agency on treatment of BOAT
list metals include 11 data sets from treatment of BOAT list metals in a
metal-bearing wastewater by hexavalent chromium reduction followed by
chemical precipitation and sludge dewatering. The metal-bearing
wastewater included waste codes F006, K062, D002, and D003. These data
were previously used in the development of treatment standards
promulgated for K062 in the Final Rule for First Third Wastes (53 FR
31164, August 17, 1988). These performance data are presented in
Table 4-1 at the end of this section. They reflect total waste
concentrations for BOAT list metals in the untreated and treated
wastewater.
Performance data collected by EPA's Office of Water for the Effluent
Limitations Guidelines for the Metal Finishing Industry (USEPA 1983) are
presented in Attachment B. These data contain treated effluent values
for wastewaters containing cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel based on
two methods of treatment. One method of treatment, "Option 1," involves
cyanide destruction and hexavalent chromium reduction, followed by pH
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adjustment with lime or caustic to precipitate these metals, settling to
remove the metal hydroxides, and discharge of the treated wastewaters.
The other treatment, "Option 2," involves an additional filtration step
to act as a polishing step for the effluent prior to discharge. (The
metal finishing industry frequently includes a filtration step prior to
discharge of the treated effluent.) It should be noted that
silver-bearing wastewaters were subjected to various technologies for
recovery of silver metal (including evaporation, ion exchange, and
electrolytic recovery), unlike the other BOAT list constituents.
The Agency has also evaluated another performance data base that was
developed by EPA's Office of Water for hydroxide precipitation,
sedimentation, and filtration for wastes from the metal finishing
industry. Further information on these data, including the sources of
the data and the treatment technologies used, can be found in the Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Third
Third U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachates, Volume A (USEPA 1990).
4.2 Cyanide Treatment Data
Applicable and demonstrated treatment technologies for cyanides
contained in F006 wastewaters were discussed in Section 3. The Agency
has no data demonstrating the performance of cyanide treatment
specifically for F006 wastewaters. However, performance data available
to the Agency on treatment of cyanides in wastewaters were previously
used to develop BDAT treatment standards for F007, F008, and F009
wastewaters. The Agency believes that these wastewaters are similar to
F006 wastewater because both originate from plating activities and are
likely to contain the same metals and because both may have cyanides.
Table 4-2 presents data from alkaline chlorination of various
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electroplating wastes consisting of F006, F007, F008, F009, F011, F012,
D002, D003, P029, P030, and P106 wastes. A variety of cyanide-containing
wastes were treated by this alkaline chlorination process. Fourteen
different sample sets are presented. In addition, the Agency's
development of categorical wastewater discharge standards for the metal
finishing industry set standards at 0.86 mg/1 for amenable cyanide and
1.2 mg/1 for total cyanide. Data supporting the metal finishing cyanide
standards are found in Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Metal Finishing Point Source Category,
EPA 440/1-83/091, June 1983, pp. VII B-126 to VII-153.
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Table 4-1 Treatment Performance Data for K062 EPA-Collected Data
Sample Set #1
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Hickel
Zinc
Untreated Untreated
K062 waste K062 waste
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no.
801 802
3 <1
<5 <5
I I
1800 7000
865 306
<10
3200 2600
<2 <2
Untreated
waste
composite
(mg/1)
Sample no.
805
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set tZ
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (heiavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Hickel
Zinc
Untreated
K06Z waste
(mg/1)
Sample no.
801
3
<5
I
1800
865
<10
3200
-------
Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set f3
Untreated
K062 waste
Sample no.
Constituent 817
Arsenic 3
Cadmium <5
Chromium (hexavalent) I
Chromium (total) 1700
Copper 425
Lead <10
Hickel 100310
Zinc 7
Untreated
Untreated waste
K062 waste composite
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no.
802 821
<1
<5 5
I 775
7000 1990
306 133
<10
2600 16330
<2 3.9
Treated
waste
(wastewater)
(mg/1)
Sample no.
822
<0.1
<0.5
I
0.20
0.21
<0.01
0.33
0.140
Design and Operating Data
Desifcn
value Operatin
£ value
pH
8-10
10
I = Color interference.
"The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEPA 1988b.
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Simple Set
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Cbronium (hexavalent )
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated
Untreated Untreated Untreated waste
K062 waste K062 waste £062 waste composite8
(mg/D (ns/D (mg/1)
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set #5
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent )
Chromiun (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated
K062 waste
(mg/1)
Sample no.
801
3
<5
I
1800
865
<10
3200
<2
Untreated
K062 waste
(mg/D
Sample no.
802
<1
<5
I
7000
306
<10
2600
<2
Untreated
K062 waste
(mg/1)
Sample no.
817
3
5
I
1700
425
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set #6
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated Treated
Untreated Untreated waste waste
K062 waste K062 waste composite8 (wastewater)
(mg/1) (mg/1) (ms/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no. Sample no. Sample no.
801 802 845 846
3
<5 <5 <5 <0.5
I I 734 I
1800 7000 2548 0.10
865 306 149 0.12
<10 <10 <10 <0.01
3200 2600 588 0.33
<2 <2 4 0.095
Design and Operating Data
pB
8-10
I - Color interference.
"The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEPA 1988b.
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set £7
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hezavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated
Untreated Untreated waste
K062 waste K062 waste composite
(mg/1) (me/D (me/D
Sample no. Sample no. Sample no.
801 802 853
3 <1 <1
<5 <5 10
I I 769
1800 7000 2314
865 306 72
<10 <10 108
3200 2600 426
<2 <2 171
Design and Operating
Treated
waste
(wastewater )
(mg/1)
Sample no.
854
<0.1
<0.5
0.12
0.12
0.16
<0.01
0.40
0.115
Data
Design value Operation value
pH
8-10
I = Color interference.
The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEPA 1988b.
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set #8
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hezavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated Untreated
K062 waste K06Z waste
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no.
859 801
<1 3
<5 <5
0.220 I
15 1800
151 865
<10
90 3200
7 9
Untreated
waste
composite
(mg/1)
Sample no.
861
<1
<5
0.13
831
217
212
669
151
Treated
waste
(wastewater)
(mg/1)
Sample no.
862
<0.1
<0.5
<0.01
0.15
0.16
<0.01
0.36
0.13
Design and Operating Data
Design value
Operatii
ox value
pB
8-10
I = Color interference.
"The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEFA 1988b.
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set #9
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Untreated Untreated
K062 waste K062 waste
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no.
867 801
<0.1 3
<0.5 <5
0.079 I
6 1800
5 865
<1
4 3200
0.4 <2
Untreated
K062 waste
(rng/1)
Sample no.
802
<1
<5
I
7000
306
<10
2600
<2
Untreated
waste
composite
(mg/1)
Sample no.
869
<1
<5
0.07
939
225
<10
940
5
Treated
waste
(wastewater
(mg/1)
Sample no.
870
<0.1
<0.5
0.041
0.10
0.08
<0.01
0.33
0.06
Design and Operating Data
D i
Operating
value
pB
8-10
10
I = Color interference.
"the untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEFA 1988b.
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Table 4-1 (continued)
Sample Set f10
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent )
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Hickel
Zinc
Untreated
Untreated waste
K062 waste composite8
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Sample no. Sample no.
801 865
<3 <1
<5 <5
I 0.08
1800 395
865 191
<10
3200 712
<2 5
Treated
waste
(wastewater)
(mg/1)
Sample no.
862
<0.10
<0.5
0.106
0.12
0.14
<0.01
0.33
0.070
Design and Operating Data
Design value
Operating value
pB
8-10
I = Color interference.
"The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and D003).
Reference: USEPA 1988b.
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3183g
-------
Table 4-1 (continued)
Simple Set #11
Constituent
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Hickel
Zinc
Untreated
K062 waste
(mg/l)
Sample no.
801
3
<5
I
1800
865
<10
3200
<2
Design
Untreated
K062 waste
(mg/l)
Sample no.
859
<1
<5
0.220
15
151
<10
90
7
and Operating Data
Untreated
waste
composite
(mg/l)
Sample no.
893
<1
23
0.30
617
137
136
382
135
Treated
waste
(wastewater)
(mg/l)
Sample no.
894
<0.10
<5
<0.01
0.18
0.24
<0.01
0.39
0.100
Dosim value
Operating value
8-10
I Color interference.
The untreated waste composite is a mixture of the untreated K062 waste streams
shown on this table, along with other non-K062 waste streams (F006, D002, and 0003).
Reference: USEPA 1988b.
4-U
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 Alkaline Chlorination Data Submitted by
Plant C During the Public Comment Period
Sample Set No. la for Treatment of F007, F008, D003, and P106
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
71,759
0.95
357
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
pH
TOC
4,193
136
2,995
323
184
2,319
2,936
11.2
<2%
- Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007, F008, D003, and P106.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-15
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 2a for Treatment of F009, F012
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(rag/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
12,000
0.95
153
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOG
1,339
4,088
300
592
327
750
6,200
11.0
<2%
- Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F009 and F012.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-16
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 3a for Treatment of F009, D002, D003, and P030
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
17,206
<0.014
351
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOC
8,400
1,290
7,610
239
129
5,150
5,520
11.2
<2%
- - Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F009, D002, D003, and P030.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-17
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 4a for Treatment of F007, F009, and D002
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
25,936
<0.014
374
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOG
3,266
7,172
1,482
707
173
2,389
11,917
11.5
<2%
- Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007, F009, and D002.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-18
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 5a for Treatment of F007, F008, D003, and P029
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
16,914
<0.014
235
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
pH
TOC
5,343
151
3,412
408
99
3,483
3,670
11.0
<2%
- - Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007, F008, D003, and P029.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-19
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 6a for Treatment of F011, F012, D002, and P106
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
59,421
0.028
245
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
pH
TOC
922
259
3,223
180
142
5,143
3,810
11.3
<2%
Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F011, F012, D002, and P106.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-20
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 7a for Treatment of F007 and F009
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/D
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BDAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BDAT List Metals
31,994
0.028
169
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOG
15,739
1,897
944
100
124
3,187
403
11.2
<2%
- = Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007 and F009.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-21
3183s
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 8 for Treatment of F007
Concentration
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwas tewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BDAT List Metals
41,900
<0.014
189
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOC
19,510
2,683
1,350
100
138
4,708
498
11.5
<2%
- Not analyzed.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
3183g
4-22
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 9a for Treatment of F006, F009, F011,
D002, and D003
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
18,882
<0.014
106.3
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOG
11,654
1,925
792
3,658
289
5,357
6,713
10.3
<2%
- Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F006, F009, F011, D002, and D003.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-23
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 10a for Treatment of F006 and F012
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwas tewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
1,270
0.17
143
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOG
2,319
6,739
1,903
14,079
662
19,163
7,786
10.0
<2%
= Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F006 and F012.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-24
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 11'
for Treatment of F007, F009, D002,
P029, and P030
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BDAT List Metals
22,820
1.16
114.1
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
pH
TOC
7,910
450
3,109
<100
124
4,695
832
11.2
<2%
- = Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007, F009, D002, P029, and P030.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-25
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 12a for Treatment of F007, F009, F012, and D003
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
12,085
<0.014
252.4
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOC
8,165
138
128
<116
105
325
248
10.7
<2%
- = Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F007, F009, F012, and D003.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-26
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 13 for Treatment of D002
Concentration
Untreated Treated Treated
waste wastewater nonwastewater
Constituent/parameter (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total) 10,902 0.07 203.1
BOAT List Metals
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
pH
TOG
355
160
7,050
120
125
9,940
1,530
11.8
<2%
Not analyzed.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-27
3183g
-------
Table 4-2 (continued)
Sample Set No. 14a - for Treatment of F009, F011, D002, and D003
Constituent/parameter
Untreated
waste
(mg/1)
Concentration
Treated
wastewater
(mg/1)
Treated
nonwastewater
(mg/1)
BOAT Inorganics Other Than Metals
Cyanide (total)
BOAT List Metals
16,010
0.07
94.4
Copper
Nickel
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Non-BDAT List Metals
Iron
Other Parameters
PH
TOC
6,272
223
4,063
133
124
6,012
3,511
11.5
<2%
- Not analyzed.
aBatch consisted of a mixture of liquids and drummed solids including
waste codes F009. F011, D002, and D003.
Reference: CyanoKEM 1989.
4-28
3183g
-------
5. DETERMINATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section presents the rationale for the determination of best
demonstrated available technology (BOAT) for F006 wastewaters. The
Agency examines all the available data for the demonstrated technologies
to determine whether one of the technologies performs significantly
better than the others. Next, the "best" performing treatment technology
is evaluated to determine whether the resulting treatment is
"available." To be "available," a technology (1) must provide
substantial treatment and (2) must be commercially available to the
affected industry. If the "best" technology is "available," then the
technology represents BOAT.
Based on available performance data for metals and cyanides, the
Agency has identified treatment by alkaline chlorination for cyanides as
BOAT for F006 wastewaters, and hexavalent chromium reduction, chemical
precipitation using lime and sulfides, and sludge dewatering as BOAT for
metals for F006 wastewaters. The rationale is provided below.
5.1 BOAT Treatment for Metals
For metals in F006 wastewaters, the Agency has identified hexavalent
chromium reduction, followed by chemical precipitation using lime and
sulfides, and sludge dewatering as BOAT. This determination is based on
performance data used to develop metals treatment standards for K062
wastewaters. The Agency believes that K062 wastewaters are more
difficult to treat than F006 wastewaters because of the higher acidity of
K062 and the higher concentrations of dissolved metals as compared to
F006. Individual metal concentrations in K062 range up to 7,000 ppm.
Therefore, the same level of performance achievable for K062 wastewaters
5-1
3185g
-------
is expected to be achievable for F006 wastewaters. When these data were
previously used to set K062 treatment standards, it was established that
the data are from a well designed and well operated system and meet the
BOAT Program QA/QC requirements. Specific information on these data is
included in Section 4 of the K062 background document (USEPA 1988b).
Therefore, the same level of performance achievable for K062 wastewaters
is expected to be achievable for F006 wastewaters.
The performance data used by the Agency are for treatment of a
metal-bearing F006, K062, D002, and D003 wastewater by hexavalent
chromium reduction using sodium bisulfite, chemical precipitation using
lime and sulfides, and sludge dewatering, as discussed in Section 4. The
Agency does not expect the use of other treatment chemicals to improve
the level of performance. Thus, the treatment train of hexavalent
chromium reduction using sodium bisulfite, chemical precipitation using
lime and sulfides, and sludge dewatering is considered "best." The data
in Section 4 show that there were statistically significant reductions in
the concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel in the
metal-bearing F006, K062, D002, and D003 wastewater for which performance
data were available.
The Agency believes that the performance data for the metal-bearing
F006, K062, D002, and D003 wastewater are better data for the developing
of F006 wastewater metals treatment standards than the data collected by
EPA's Office of Water for the Effluent Limitation Guidelines (USEPA
1983), presented in Appendix A and the Background Document for Third
Third U and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachates, Volume A (USEPA 1990).
The Agency did not use these data because the waste characterization data
indicated that the concentration of metals in the untreated wastewater
was low compared to the concentration in F006 wastewaters. Individual
5-2
3185g
-------
metal concentrations in F006 wastewaters ranged up to 400 ppm and overall
were typically orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the
wastewaters from EPA's Office of Water data. Additionally, the Agency
believes that the data on the F006, K062, D002, and D003 wastewater are
better because they have already been used to develop metals treatment
standards (for K062 wastewaters) and because metal-bearing K062
wastewaters contain higher concentrations of dissolved metals and,
therefore, represent a more difficult waste to treat.
Since hexavalent chromium reduction followed by chemical
precipitation and sludge dewatering is demonstrated, best, and available,
this treatment is considered BDAT for metals in F006 wastewaters. A
detailed discussion pertaining to the use of this technology for
treatment of K062 wastewaters is included in Section 5 of the K062
background document (USEPA 1988b).
5.2 BDAT Treatment for Cyanides
For cyanides in F006 wastewaters, the Agency has identified alkaline
chlorination as BDAT, based on performance data used to develop treatment
standards for F007, F008, and F009 wastewaters. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect performance of the demonstrated treatment
technologies, such as cyanide concentration, the Agency believes that
F007, F008, and F009 wastewaters are more difficult to treat for cyanides
than F006 wastewaters because F006 wastewaters contain lower or similar
concentrations of amenable and total cyanides. Therefore, the Agency
used the performance data used for F007, F008, and F009 wastewaters to
develop cyanide treatment standards for F006 wastewaters. The Agency
believes that the F006 wastewaters contain concentrations of amenable and
total cyanides lower than or similar to those in F007, F008, and F009
5-3
3185g
-------
wastewaters and that they are therefore less difficult to treat. Based
on this information, alkaline chlorination is considered "best." This
technology is also "available" because such treatment is commercially
available and would provide substantial treatment for cyanides in F006
wastewaters.
Since alkaline chlorination is demonstrated, best, and available,
this treatment is considered BDAT for cyanides in F006 wastewaters. A
detailed discussion pertaining to the selection of alkaline chlorination
as BDAT for F007, F008, and F009 wastewaters is included in Section 5 of
the background document for cyanides (USEPA 1989a).
5-4
3185g
-------
6. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section describes the process used to select the constituents to
be regulated in F006 wastewaters. The process involves developing a list
of potential regulated constituents and then eliminating those
constituents that would not be treated by the chosen BDAT or that would
be controlled by regulation of the remaining constituents.
As discussed in the original background document for F006, the Agency
has developed a list of hazardous constituents from which the
constituents to be regulated are selected. EPA may revise this list as
additional data and information become available. The list is divided
into the following categories: volatile organics, semivolatile organics,
metals, inorganics other than metals, organochlorine pesticides,
phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorous insecticides, PCBs, and
dioxins and furans.
6.1 Identification of BDAT List Constituents
As discussed in Sections 2 and 4, the Agency has performance and
waste characterization data applicable to F006 wastewaters. These data
were used to determine which BDAT list constituents may be present in the
waste and thus which ones are potential candidates for regulation in F006
wastewaters. The data show that no organic BDAT constituents are present
at detectable levels. Also, the Agency would not expect to find BDAT
organic constituents based on knowledge of the process. In contrast,
F006 wastewaters contain detectable levels of cadmium, chromium, lead,
nickel, and cyanides (see Appendix A). Typically, the above-mentioned
metals are found at concentrations above 0.1 ppm in F006 waste streams.
6-1
3186g
-------
6.2 Constituents Selected for Regulation
For F006 wastewaters, the Agency is regulating total and amenable
cyanides, cadmium, total chromium, lead, and nickel. These constituents
were also regulated in F006 nonwastewaters. However, the Agency is not
regulating silver (which was regulated for F006 nonwastewaters) because
available performance and waste characterization data indicate that
silver is typically present only at untreatable concentrations in F006
wastewaters. Additionally, the Agency believes that if silver is present
in high concentrations in a F006 wastewater, silver recovery will be
utilized because of the value of silver. Other BDAT list metal
constituents that are not being regulated are expected to be treated
along with the regulated metals by a well-designed and well-operated BDAT
treatment system.
6-2
3186g
-------
7. CALCULATION OF BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
In this section, the Agency presents its determination of treatment
standards using the performance and waste characterization data
previously presented. EPA's methodology for developing treatment
standards is presented in Section 1 of the original F006 background
document (USEPA 1988a). The methodology requires the Agency to first
delete any performance data that do not represent a well-designed and
well-operated treatment system. Additionally, all data must be adjusted
for analytical recoveries.
As described in Section 4, EPA is transferring the metals treatment
standards developed for K062 wastewaters to F006 wastewaters. In
developing BOAT treatment standards for metal constituents to be
regulated, the Agency evaluated performance and waste characterization
data from the treatment of a metal-bearing F006, K062, D002, and D003
wastewater (as described in Section 4). These data include 11 sample
sets that represent treatment of F006 wastewaters using a well-designed
and well-operated treatment system. One data set for cadmium was deleted
(Sample Set No. 11) because of an artificially high detection limit of
5 ppm, which deviated from the other 10 data points having detection
limits of 0.5. The remaining data sets were adjusted for analytical
recoveries as described in EPA's Methodology for Developing BOAT
Treatment Standards (USEPA 1989b). Using the accuracy-corrected data,
EPA developed treatment standards by averaging the performance data for
each constituent and then multiplying the average value by a variability
factor that accounts for variations in technology performance, waste
characteristics, and laboratory analysis.
The corrected values for the F006 wastewater regulated constituents
are presented in Table 7-1. Table 7-2 shows the calculations for the
four metals being regulated for F006 wastewaters. These standards
7-1
3187g
-------
Table 7-1 Calculation of Corrected Values for Regulated
Constituents Treated Hastewater
Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Treated waste Percent
(mg/1) recovery"
<0 . 5 87
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.12 68
0.12
0.20
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.10
0.12
0.18
<0.01 76
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0 . 33 93
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.31
0.33
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.33
0.39
Correction Corrected value
factor (ins/I)
1.15 <0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0 . 575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
1.47 0.1764
0.1764
0.294
0.147
0.162
0.147
0 . 1764
0.2205
0.147
0.1764
0.2646
1.316 <0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
1.075 0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.33
0.35
0.43
0.39
0.35
0.35
0.42
The percent recovery has been taken from Table 7-14 of the Onsite Engineering
Report from Borsehead Resource Development Company for K061 (USEPA 1987).
Source: USEPA 1988b.
7-2
3187g
-------
Table 7-2 Calculation of the Treatment Standards for the
Regulated Constituents - Treated Hastewater
Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Cone.
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0.575
<0 . 575
<0 . 575
<0.575
0.1765
0.1765
0.2941
0.1471
0.1618
0.1471
0.1765
0.2206
0.1471
0.1765
0.2647
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
<0.0132
0.3548
0.3548
0.3548
0.3548
0.3333
0.3548
0.4301
0.3871
0.3548
0.3548
0.4194
Treatment standard
total concentration
Mean VF (mg/1)
0.575 2.8 * 1.6
0.1898 1.69 0.32
0.0132 2.8" 0.04
0.3685 1.20 0.44
"For cases in which all values are at or below the detection limit, the
variability factor is taken as 2.8 (USEPA 1989b).
7-3
3187g
-------
represent instantaneous maximum concentrations that must be achieved as a
prerequisite for land disposal. The concentrations are in mg/1 (parts
per million on a weight-per-volume basis). A detailed discussion on the
calculation of these metals treatment standards can be found in Section 7
of the K062 background document (USEPA 1988b).
The amenable and total cyanide treatment standards were transferred
from the cyanide treatment standards developed for F007, F008, and F009
wastewaters based on alkaline chlorination. Because F006 wastewaters
contain concentrations of amenable and total cyanides lower than or
similar to those in these wastewaters, the Agency believes that F006
wastewaters are less difficult to treat. The Agency is promulgating
treatment standards for amenable and total cyanide in F006 wastewaters
based on the performance of alkaline chlorination treatment of
electroplating wastes. For wastewaters, the extensive data used in the
development of metal finishing categorical wastewater discharge standards
were used as the basis for BOAT.
Because of analytical difficulties in analyzing for amenable cyanides
in F019 nonwastewaters, the amenable cyanide treatment standards for
nonwastewaters are based on 5 percent of the total cyanide standard.
Based on the data available to the Agency, it was determined that the
precision of SW-846, Method 9010, for amenable cyanide is 5 percent of
the total cyanide concentration. The basis for this estimate is
discussed in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, in which the precision for the analytical method is estimated
to be 5 percent. Since the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater procedure is essentially identical to the precision of
SW-846, Method 9010, EPA believes that the 5 percent value is
transferrable to the analysis performed using SW-846, Method 9010. The
data used in the development of treatment standards for these wastes
represent the performance of well-designed, well-operated treatment
systems.
7-4
3187g
-------
As described in the methodology, analytical accuracy-corrected
constituent concentrations were calculated for all regulated BDAT list
constituents. An arithmetic average of concentration levels for each
constituent and a variability factor for each constituent were then
determined. The variability factor represents the variability inherent
in the treatment process and the sampling and analytical methods.
Variability factors are calculated based on the treatment data for each
of the regulated constituents. The general methodology for calculating
variability factors is presented in Appendix A of the methodology
document.
The BDAT treatment standard for each constituent to be regulated in
this rulemaking was determined by multiplying the average accuracy-
corrected total composition by the appropriate variability factor, with
the exception of cyanide in wastewaters, for which the standards were
transferred from Metal Finishing categorical wastewater discharge
standards.
Table 7-3 is a summary of accuracy adjustment data for total
cyanides. Table 7-4 shows the calculation of the treatment standards for
cyanides in F006 wastewaters. To calculate the treatment standard for
amenable cyanides, the Agency has taken into account the precision of the
analytical methods for cyanide analysis based on the performance of
alkaline chlorination.
7-5
3187g
-------
Table 7-3 Summary of Accuracy Adjustment of Treatment Data
for Total Cyanide in Electroplating Wastes
Untreated
waste
concentration
(mg/1)
Alkaline
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Measured
treated waste
concentration
(mg/1)
Percent
recovery for Accuracy-
matrix correction
spike test factor
Accuracy-
adjusted
concentration
(mg/1)
Chlorination
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
Set No.
1
2
3
it
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
71
12
17
25
16
59
31
41
18
1
12
10
16
,759
,000
,206
,936
,914
,421
,994
,900
,882
,270
,085
,902
,010
0
0
<0
<0
<0
0
0
<0,
<0,
0,
<0.
0.
0.
.95
.95
.014
.014
.014
.028
.028
,014
,014
,17
,014
070
070
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
,06
,06
06
06
06
1
1
<0
<0
<0,
0,
0.
<0.
<0.
0.
<0.
0.
0.
.01
.01
.015
.015
.015
,030
030
015
015
18
015
074
074
3187g
7-6
-------
3560g
Table 7-4 Calculation of Wastewater Treatment Standards for Total
and Amenable Cyanide Based on Alkaline Chlorination
Regulated
constituent
Cyanide (total)
Cyanide (amenable)
Mean effluent
concentration
(mg/D
0.18
0.06
Variability
factor
6.68
14.31
Treatment
standard
(mg/1)
1.20
0.86
Source: USEPA 1983, pp. VII B-126 to VII-153.
-------
8. REFERENCES
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. 1985. American Public Health Association, American
Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.
16th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
USEPA. 1983. Development document (final) for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for Metals Finishing
Point Source Category. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA 440/1-83-091.
USEPA. 1987. Onsite engineering report for Horsehead Resource
Development Co., Inc. for K061. Prepared by Versar Inc. for the Office
of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under Contract
No. 68-01 7053
USEPA. 1988a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) background
document for F006. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1988b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for K062. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
USEPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for cyanide wastes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Methodology for developing BDAT treatment standards.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1989c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Treatment technology background document. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. 1990d. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) background
document for Third Third U and P wastes and multi-source leachates.
Vol. A. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8-1
3188s
-------
APPENDIX A
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR F006 WASTEWATERS
COLLECTED BY EPA'S OFFICE OF WATER FOR THE
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES FOR THE
METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY (USEPA 1983)
-------
TABLE 5-18
POLLUTANTS FOUND IN TOTAL PLANT RAW WASTE
DISCHARGED TO END-OF-PIPE TREATMENT
PARAMETER
114. Antimony
115. Arsenic
117. Beryllium
118. Cadmium
119. Chromium
Chromium. Hexavalent
120. Copper
121. Cyanide
Cyanide. Amenable to Chlorination
122. Lead
123. Mercury
124. Nickel
125. Selenium
126. Silver
127. Thallium
128. Zinc
Oil and Grease
Total Suspended Solids
Flow Proportioned
Mean Concentration *v
0.009
0.008
0,001
0.283
27.46
0.931
12.63
1.856
1.168
0.331
0.001
15.47
0.001
0.023
0.009
12.47
391.60
539.09
A-l
-------
TABLE 5-19
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN THE
COMMON MBTALS RAW WASTB STREAM
(Average Dally Values (ing/liter)
Toxic Pollutant
114 Antimony
115 Arsenic
117 Beryllium
116 Cadmium
119 chromium
'120 Copper
121 Cyanide
122 Lead
123 Mercury
124 Nickel
125 Selenium
126 Silver
127 Thallium
128 Zinc
Aluminum
Barium
Boron
Calcium
Cobalt
Fluorides
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Phosphorus
Sodium
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
Yttrium
Oil and Grease
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Median
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.67
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.059
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.70
0.430
0.064
0.044
21.5
35.4
500.
2370.
42.3
0.400
415.
0.060
0.060
0.062
16,500.
200.
0.017
4.0
76.2
0.023
36.1
13.100.
31.1
0.500
0.300
76.7
310.
14.7
4.30
0.216
0.020
602.000.
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.613
2.10
14.2
42.1
1.25
0.005
19.4
0.007
0.006
0.006
312.
27.4
0.032
31.4
51.4
0.007
4.31
500.
16.1
0.233
0.102
7.72
151.
1.04
0.493
0.066
0.010
40.700.
0.0
0.0
0.005
0.001
0.105
0.175
0.016
0.053
0.0
0.078
0.005
0.0
0.003
0.393
1.27
0.029
3.76
52.2
0.0
0.876
2.44
13.6
0.065
0.016
3.06
136.
0.0
0.006
0.023
0.010
6.060.
I Zeros
64
15
4
48
16
3
29
35
67
20
5
59
5
1
2
1
0
0
4
9
1
0
0
1
1
0
60
4
1
1
0
Plow Proportioned
i Points Mean Concentration
106
105
27
119' ,
116
119
99
122
109
111
26
103
26
122
16
4 '
3
4
7
99
102
4
7
6
96
4
98
9
4
4
37
.0007
0.015
0.016
0.070
1.39
1.64
0.834
0.738
0.001
4.16
0.003
0.001
0.003
41.3
85.6
0.031
3.13
58.5
0.010
6.15
84.7
17.4
0.337
0.109
8.00
211.
3.35
0.046
0.069
0.010
11.600. '.
-------
toxic Pollutant
126 Silver
Gold
Palladium
Rhodium
Minimum
TABLE 5-20
CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN THE
PRECIOUS METALS RAW WASTE STREAM
Average Daily Values (rag/liter)
Maximum Mean Median
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
600.
42.7
0.120
0.220
69.0
9.27
0.023
0.018
0.243
0.560
0.0
0.0
3
10
11
Flow Proportioned
I Point* Mean Concentration
IS 8.09
IS 6.11
13 0.003
12 0.005
Toxic Pollutant
118 Cadmium
120 Copper
122 Lead
124 Nickel
128 Zinc
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.023
TABLE 5-21
CONCENTRATIONS POUND IN THE
OOMPLEXED METALS RAH HASTE STREAM
Average Dally Values (mj/liter)
Haxifnitn Mean Median
3.65
62.6
3.61
294.
17.6
0.247
10.3
0.372
22.5
3.05
0.0
5.90
0.0
0.550
0.210
I Zeros
22
3
21
6
0
Flow Proportioned
j Points Mean Concentration
31 0.173
31 9.68
31 0.240
31 18.8
31 2.52
-------
APPENDIX B
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR F006 WASTEWATERS COLLECTED BY
EPA'S OFFICE OF WATER FOR THE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY
-------
TABLE "7-4
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CADMIUM
OPTION 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Mean
Concentration
Raw Waste
Concentration
(mg/i)
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.015
0.017
0.019
0.021
0.021
0.022
0.022
0.024
0.030
0.032
0.033
0.037
0.037
0.042
0.042
0.053
0.068
0.077
0.084
0.087
0.113
0.250
0.925
1.00
1.88
0.162 (n-31)
. Effluent
Concentration
(tng/1)
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.010
0.018
0.013
0.019
0.005
0.014
0.005
0.011
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.009
0.017
0.005
0.027
0.024
0.028
0.008
0.012
0.015
0.018
0.011 (n«31)
Plant ID
20083-1-5
20083-1-6
19063-1-2
6083-1-2
19063-1-3
15070-1-1
6731-1-1
6731-1-2
6731-1-3
6074-1-1
31020-1-1
6087-1-3
27044-1-0
20080-1-1
6087-1-1
4065-8-1
6074-1-1
20073-1-1
20073-1-2
36041-1-2
36041-1-3
36041-1-1
21003-15-2
33024-6-0
21003-15-0
21003-15-1
6051-6-0
15070-1-2
20086-1-1
20086-1-3
20086-1-2
B-l
-------
TABLE 7-5
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CHROMIUM (TOTAL)
Data
Point
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
OPTION 1
Raw Waste
Concentration
(ma/1)
0.65
1.09
1.20
1.30
1.31
1.51
1.56
1.60
1.70
2.00
2.43
4.34
7.00
12.2
12.2
14.0
21.6
24.7 I
25.0
25.3
28.6
29.4
32.2
58.2
69.3
70.3
76.7
85.3
98.0
104.
116.
117.
117.
142.
162.
175.
190.
393.
r*
Effluent
Concentration
(ma/l)
0.052
0.128
1.12
0.013
0.014
0.150
0.255
0.120
1.16
0.040
0.070
0.039
0.020
0.556
0.611
0.250
0.005
0.333
0.333
0.533
0.667
0.733
0.0
0.833
1.06
0.833
1.64
0.143
0.333
0.714
0.018
0.400
0.500
0.195
1.47
1.89
2.36
2.14
Plant
6087-
6731-
150K
1906)
4069-
4406:
6051-
4406:
1501C
1147-
3302'
4406:
1147'
6083-
3604]
3306!
1906*
3604C
3604]
3604C
3604]
3604(
19061
2008(
20081
2008<
20071
6074-
6074-
6074-
31021
20071
20071
20081
2007!
2007:
4006!
4006:
Mean
Concentration
58.6 (n-38)
0.572 (n-38)
B-2
-------
TABLE 7-13
EFFLUENT CADMIUM SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 1 SYSTEMS
Mean Effluent
Number Concentration " Variability Factor
Plant ID OF Points fma/n Daily 10-Day
1067 222 0.13 3.08 2.04
6002 6 0.05 7.48
6035 9 0.01
6051 13 0.04 -- 1.14
11008 185 0.12 3.14 2.01
47025 50 0.21 7.49 8.54
OVERALL 485(Total) 0.13(Mean) 5.31(Median) 2.02(Median)
B-3
-------
TABLE 7-14
EFFLUENT TOTAL CHROMIUM SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 1 SYSTEMS
Plant ID
Number
OF Points
Variability Factor
Mean Effluent
Concentration
fmo/l)
0.17
0.03
0.74
0.18
0.27
0.14
0.02
0.10
0.12
0.09
0.20
0.16
0.29
0.60
0.21
0.15
0.40
0.01
0.04
0.24
0.01
0.06
0.06
OVERALL 3552(Total) 0.19(Mean) 4.85(Median) 2.98(Median)
1067
5020
6002
6035
6051
6053
6087
6107
6111
11008
17030
19063
20080
20082
20116
22735
23076
30050
30090
36040
44150
45741
47025
230
228
6
12
13
12
12
10
3
185
344
238
269
253
243
35
242
289
49
224
42
358
255
Daily
3.07
-
13.66
7.52
3.97
8.72
5.58
5.57
5.97
6.84
3.51
4.58
5.20
2.76
4.64
4.79
3.80
4.90
1.67
_-
4.47
5.57
10-Dav
2.27
10.52
-.-
1.89
1.78
3.02
_
--
4.08
5.56
4.80
2.63
3.70
1.65
1.39
4.41
3.07
2.12
1.30
37.26
2.98
2.81
B-4
-------
TABLE 7-16
EFFLUENT LEAD SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 1 SYSTEMS
Mean Effluent
Number Concentration Variability Factor
Plant ID OF Points (mo/n Daily 10-Dav
5020 229 0.242 .4.50 2.11
19063 238 0.10 3.15 3.18
30165 65 0.45 2.66 1.93
44045 49 0.14 3.89 2.26
OVERALL 581(Total) 0.20(Mean) 3.52(Median) 2.19(Median)
B-5
-------
TABLE 7-17
EFFLUENT NICKEL SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION I- SYSTEMS
Plant ID
Number
OF Points
Variability Factor
1067
5020
6002
6035
6051
6087
11008
19063
20082
20116
23076
30050
33092
36040
44045
44150
230
231
6
9
13
12
185
10
253
243
241
75
27
178
49
42
OVERALL
Mean Effluent
Concentration
fmo/t)
0.21
0.40
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.66
0.44
0.07
0.32
0.67
0.50
0.03
0.25
0.32
0.32
0.12
1804(Total) 0.39(Mean) 4.22(Median) 2.52(Median)
Daily
4.05
4.48
4.72
5.37
6.55
__
2.79
2.90
3.72
2.26
6.38
3.78
4.38
1.73
10.13
10-Dav
2.39
2.54
--
--
6.12
6.30
1.62
-_
2.77
1.31
4.29
2.37
2.51
1.27
2.66
B-6
-------
TABLE 7-7
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA FOR LEAD
OPTION 1
Data
Point
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Raw Waste
Concentration
(mq/t)
0.052
0.054
0.064
0.067
0.071
0.072
0.072
0.075
0.084
0.102
0.103
0.125
0.136
0.136
0.144
0.145
0.154
0.160
0.164
0.168
0.174
0.182
0.212
0.218
0.226
0.233
0.270
0.364
0.394
0.474
0.567
0.600
0.800
0.909
1.000
,.Bffluent
Concentration
(rng/i)
0.048
0.033
0.025
0.013
0.0
0.044
0.048
0.010
0.025
0.025
0.077
0.050
0.032
0.040
0.032
0.038
0.044
0.036
0.040
0.032
0.0
0.044
0.036
0.044
0.025
0.0
0.160
0.067
0.021
0.043
0.0
0.036
0.068
0.073
0.064
Plant ID
15070-1-3
36040-1-1
20078-1-3
6731-1-3
19068-15-1
15070-1-1
15070-1-2
20080-1-1
20078-1-2
20078-1-4
4065-8-1
20083-1-3
36041-1-2
20078-1-7
20083-1-6
20073-1-1
20086-1-3
20086-1-1
20086-1-2
20083-1-5
19068-15-2
6074-1-1
36041-1-3
6074-1-1
20073-1-2
36623-15-2
4071-15-3
27044-1-0
33065-9-1
40062-8-0
36623-15-0
40062-8-0
31020-1-1
15010-12-2
36041-1-1
(Continued)
B-7
-------
TABLE 7-7 (Continued)
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA FOR LEAD
OPTION 1
Data
Point
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Raw Waste
Concentration
(mo/1)
1,
1.
1.
2.
2.
000
000
120
500
540
6.928
6.930
8.362
9.701
Effluent
Concentration
(mq/t)
0.085
0.133
0.065
0.160
0.0
0.165
0.0
0.098
0.143
Plant ID
6087-1-1
15010-12-3
6087-1-3
6083-1-2
12061-15-2
19063-1-1
12061-15-0
19063-1-2
19063-1-3
Mean
Concentration
1.11 (n-44)
0.0505 (n-44)
B-8
-------
TABLE 7-8
METAL PTMISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA TOR NICKEL
OPTION 1
»«
Raw Waste Effluent
Data Concentration Concentration
Point (mo/t) (mg/t) Plant ID
1. 1.07 0.076 19063-1-1
2. 1.44 1.11 6731-1-1
3. 1.48 0.150 21003-15-1
4. 1.69 0.060 19063-1-2
5. 2.14 0.342 4069-8-1
6. 2.22 1.00 6731-1-2
7. 2.23 0.190 19063-1-3
8. 2.57 0.044 36041-1-2
9. 3.20 0.726 27044-1-0
10. 3.24 0.700 36623-15-2
11. 3.87 0.122 4069-8-1
12. 3.89 1.89 6731-1-3
13. 4.49 0.571 36041-1-3
14. 5.00 0.320 36041-1-1
15. 5.42 1.20 36623-15-0
16. 5.60 0.414 5020-1-6
17. 5.80 1.03 36623-15-1
18. 6.80 0.414 5020-1-5
19. 7.31 0.759 5020-1-4
20. 8.56 0.0 19068-15-2
21. 9.33 2.27 6083-1-2
22. 11.8 0.294 5020-1-3
23. 27.5 0.120 31020-1-1
24. 33.9 0.536 20086-1-2
25. 36.7 0.464 20086-1-3
26. 42.9 0.786 20086-1-1
27. 50.0 7.30 6087-1-1
28. 52.5 0.478 20073-1-2
29. 53.8 0.448 20073-1-1
30. 73.0 6.39 6087-1-3
31. 76.9 0.381 20078-1-7
32. 78.7 0.106 20078-1-3
33. 78.7 0.427 20078-1-4
34. 80.6 1.84 40062-8-0
35. 85.3 0.144 20078-1-2
(Continued)
B-9
-------
TABLE 7-8 (Continued)
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY PERFORMANCE DATA TOR NICKEL
OPTION 1
Data
Point
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Mean
Concentration
Raw Waste
Concentration
(ma/1)
94.3
94.4
97.1
108.
108
111.
128.
142.
153.
167.
46.1 (n-45)
"Effluent
Concentration
(rac/1)
0.600
1.52
0.808
0.778
1.78
0.462
0.571
1.56
0.907
0.304
0.942 (n-45)
Plant ID
6074-.1-1
40062-8-0
20083-1-5
36040-1-1
36040-1-1
20083-1-6
6074-1-1
36040-1-1
20083-1-3
6074-1-1
B-10
-------
TABLE 7-11
TREATMENT OF COMMON METALS - VISITED PLANTS
SUMMARY OF OPTION 1 MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Mean Concentration (mq/t)
Cadmium
Chromium. Total
Copper-
Lead
Nickel
-Zinc-
Total Suspended Solids
0.011
0.572
O-rftl-5
0.051
0.942
0.549
16.8
B-ll
-------
TABLE 7-23
TREATMENT OF COMMON METALS
VISITED PLANT OPTION 2 MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Total Suspended Solids
Cadmium
Chromium, Total
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
mg/1
12.8
.014
.319
.367
.031
.459
.247
B-12
-------
Plant ID
03043
15193
20483
38223
OVERALL
TABLE 7-24
EFFLUENT TSS SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Number
Of Points
94
12
357
234
Mean Effluent
Concentration (mq/t)
10.07
13.58
5.90
5.74
697 (TOTAL)
6.54 (MEAN)
TABLE 7-25
EFFLUENT CADMIUM SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Plant ID
38223
Number
Of Points
234
Mean Effluent
Concentration (mq/i)
0.08
TABLE 7-26
EFFLUENT CHROMIUM SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Plant ID
03043
15193
31021
38223
OVERALL
Number
Off Points
91
12
86
234
Mean Effluent
Concentration (Tnq/1")
0.60
0.11
0.25
0.06
423 (TOTAL)
0.22 (MEAN)
B-13
-------
TABLE 7-27
EFFLUENT COPPER SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Number Mean Effluent
Plant ID Of Points Concentration (mo/I)
11125 29 - 1.11
15193 12 0.06
31021 121 1-44
OVERALL 225 (TOTAL) 1.32 (MEAN)
TABLE 7-28
EFFLUENT LEAD SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Number Mean Effluent
Plant ID Of Points Concentration (mq/t)
38223 234 0.04
TABLE 7-29
EFFLUENT NICKEL SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Number Mean Effluent
Plant ID Of Points Concentration (mq/a.)
03043 91 0.42
11125 29 1.75
15193 12 0.27
31021 120 0.93
OVERALL 252 (TOTAL) 0.81 (MEAN)
TABLE 7-30
EFFLUENT ZINC SELF-MONITORING PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR PLANTS WITH OPTION 2 SYSTEMS
Number Mean Effluent
Plant ID Of Points Concentration (mq/t)
03043 91 0.35
15193 12 0.14
31021 121 0.77
38223 234 0.11
OVERALL 252 (TOTAL) 0.81 (MEAN)
B-14
-------
Table 7-32 presents the daily maximum. 10-day average, and long -
term average effluent performance for common metals Option 2.
Performance was obtained by multiplying the visited plant mean
concentrations of Table 7-23 by the respective variability
factors shown in Table 7-31 (except for cadmium and lead, where
the weighted mean Option 2 self-monitoring data concentrations
were used in place of the visited plant mean effluent
concentrations). The allowable daily effluent concentrations for
each of the parameters have been shown'*on Figures 7-10 through
7-16.
TABLE 7-32
OPTION 2 COMMON METAL PERFORMANCE LEVELS
Pollutant
Total suspended solids
Cadmium
Chromium, total
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Daily Max.
46
0.42
1.55
1.52
0.14
1.94
1.13
10-Day Average
24
0.16
0.95
0.93
0.09
1.16
0.67
Long Term
Average
12.8
0.08
0.32
0.37
0.04
0.46
0.25
Table 7-33 summarizes the percentage of the metal finishing data
base below the Option 2 daily maximum concentration limitation
for the EPA sampled plants.
Pollutant
TABLE 7-33
PERCENTAGE OF THE MFC DATA BASE BELOW THE DAILY
MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS FOR OPTION 2
EPA Sampled Plants
Daily Maximum
Total suspended solids
Cadmium
Chromium, total
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.1
B-15
-------
Summary tables are provided to show a direct comparison of the
mean, daily maximum, and 10-day average concentrations for
Options 1 and 2. Table 7-34 presents a comparison of the mean
concentrations and Table 7-35 lists the daily maximum and maximum
monthly average concentrations for
TABLE 7-34
OPTION 1 AND OPTION 2 MEAN CONCENTRATION COMPARISON
Pollutant
Total suspended solids
Cadmium
Chromium, total
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
CONCENTRATION (mg/l)
Option 1 Option 2
16.8
0.19
0.572
0.815
0.20
0.942
0.549
12.8
0.08
0.319
0.367
0.04
0.459
0.247
TABLE 7-35
OPTION 1 AND OPTION 2 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
CONCENTRATION (mg/l)
Pollutant Option 1 Option 2
s
-------
TABLE 7-44
METAL FINISHING CATEGORY
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR SILVER
VISITED OPTION 1 PIANTS
Data Point
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Raw Waste
Concentration
(ma/1)
0.1780
0.1780
0.2100
0.2700
0.2900
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/t)
0.1670
0.1190
0.0610
0.0640
0.0690
Plant ID
6087-1-1
6087-1-3
21003-15-2
21003-15-0
21003-15-1
Mean
Concentration
0.2252 (n-5)
0.0960 (n-5)
Effluent Silver Self-Monitoring Performance Data
for Plants with Option 1 Systems
Plant ID
6087
11125
Overall
No. of
Points
12
5
17
Concentration (mg/2.)
0.04
1.66
0.52
B-17
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