DRAFT
        DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR
    EFFLUENT  LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES
  AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
   MISCELLANEOUS FOODS AND BEVERAGES
         POINT  SOURCE CATEGORY
                PART V
                y"•%
                ?'  ^fc ^
                SB,3
      EFFLUENT GUIDELINES DIVISION
OFFICE OF WATER AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
  U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
         WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
              MARCH 1975


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                                  NOTICE
The attached document is a DRAFT CONTRACTOR'S REPORT.   It includes tech-
nical information and recommendations submitted by the Contractor to the
United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA")  regarding the sub-
ject industry.  It is being distributed for review and comment only.  The
report is not an official EPA publication and it has not been reviewed by
the Agency.

The report, including the recommendations, will be undergoing extensive
review by EPA, Federal and State agencies, public interest organizations
and other interested groups and persons during the coming weeks.   The
report and in particular the contractor's recommended  effluent guidelines
and standards of performance is subject to change in any and all  respects.

The regulations to be published by EPA under Sections  304(b) and 306 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control  Act, as amended, will be based to a
large extent on the report and the comments received on it.  However,
pursuant to Sections 304(b) and 306 of the Act, EPA will also consider
additional pertinent technical and economic information which is developed
in the course of review of this report by the public and within EPA.  EPA
is currently performing an economic impact analysis regarding the subject
industry,  which will be taken into account as part of the review of the
report.  Upon completion of the review process, and prior to final pro-
mulgation of regulations, an EPA report will be issued setting forth EPA'?
conclusions regarding the subject industry, effluent limitations guide-
lines and standards of performance applicable to such  industry.  Judgements
necessary to promulgation of regulations under Sections 304(b) and 306 of
the Act, of course, remain the responsibility of Er^A.   Subject to these
limitations, EPA is making this draft contractor's report available in
order to enco'.jragp the widest possible participation of interested per-
sons in the decision making process at the earliest possible time.

The report shall have standing in any EPA proceeding or court proceeding
only to the extent that it represents the views of the Contractor who
studied the subject industry and prepared the information and recommenda-
tions.   It cannot be cited, referenced, or represented in any respect in
any such proceedings as a statement of EPA's views regarding the subject
industry.

                  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                  Office of Water and Hazardous Materials
                  Effluent Guidelines Division
                  Washington, D. C.  20460

Please note:  Because of the volume of this report, it has been printed
in the following manner:  "Miscellaneous Foods and Beverages."

     Part I       Pgs. 1-292     Section I-IV
     Part II      Pgs. 293-500   Section V-VI
     Part III     Pgs. 501-840   Section VII
     Part IV      Pgs. 841-1196  Section VIII (partial)
     Part V       Pgs. 1197-1548 Section VIII(cont.) - XIV

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Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 9 - Decaffination of Coffee

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 9 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment
alternatives.  In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for
various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which consumes
60 kkg (66 ton) of coffee beans per day.

Alternative C 9-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 60 kkg per day plant is 265 cu m/day (0.07 MGD).  The BOD waste
Toad is 3.8 kg/kkg (7.6 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids load is
7.0 kg/kkg (14 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 9-11 - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
a flow equalization basin, a primary clarifier, caustic neutralization,
vacuum filtration of sludge, sludge storage and hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is 2.5 kg/kkg (5.0 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 2.8 kg/kkg (5.6 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $158,350
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 56,950

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 361.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  35 percent
                                     SS:  60 percent

Alternative C 9-III - This alternative consists of Alternative C 9-II
with the addition of an activated sludge system with nutrient addition,
sludge thickening, and dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.13 kg/kkg (0.26 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.35 kg/kkg (0.70 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $319,720
                       Total yearly cost:      $109,440

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 362.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that two operators are required.
                                1197

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DRAFT
                        TABLE 361

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C9-II
                  (COFFEE DECAFFEINATION)
ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  fcASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...35.0  PERCENT BOD PEDLCTICN
TREATMENT MODULES!
                   8.
                   C.
                   E.
                   G.
                   3.
                   Y.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CLARIFIER
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .HOLDING TANK
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCESSLPPLIES
               TOTAL

TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TCTAL
109750.00
 26660.00
 10970.00
 10970.00
158350.00
                      12490.
                       6520.
       00
       00
                      13180.00
                      11850.00
                      44040.00
                      44040.00

                       6330.00
                       6580.00
                      56950.00
                          1198

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DRAFT
                        TABLE 362

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C9-III
                  (COFFEE DECAFFEINATION)
ITEMIZED COST .SUMMARY FOR H ASTF.MTER TREATMENT
DESIGN EFFICIENCY.. .91.0 PERCENT "BOD REDUCTION
                                                 CHAIN
  TREATMENT MODULES!
                    B.
                    c.
                    E.
                    G.
                    S.
                    Y.
                    H.
                    I.
                    K.
                    S.
                    Y.
                    B.
                    N.
                     .PUMPING STATION
                     .EQUALIZATION BASIN
                     .CLARIFIER
                     .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
                     .VACUUM FILTRATION
                     .HOLDING TANK
                     .NITROGEN ADDITION
                     .PHOSPHORUS  ADDITION
                     .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                     .VACUUM FILTRATION
                     .HOLDING TANK
                     .PUMPING STATION
                     .DUAL MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
  INVESTMENT COSTS:
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING COSTS?
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  PCf/ER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCERSLPPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL  YEARLY COSTS*
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
244220.00
 26660.00
 24420.00
 24420.00
319720.00
                                          24990.00
                                          16500.00
                                          17220.00
                                          21290.00
                                          82000.00
                                          82000.00

                                          12790.00
                                          14fe50.00
                                         109440.00
                         1199

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   DRAFT


               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  91 percent
                                     SS:  95 percent

A  cost  efficiency curve is presented in Figure 335.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 10 - Soluble Coffee

A  model plant representative of Subcategory C 10 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for
various levels  of waste reductions for the model plant which processes
78 kkg/day (87 ton/day) of coffee beans.

Alternative C 10-1  - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a  78 kkg (87 ton/day) plant is 680 cu m (0.18 MG) per day.  The
BOD waste load is 18.8 kg/kkg (37.6 Ib/ton) and the suspended solids load
is 12.3 kg/kkg (24.6 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 10-11 - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
flow equalization, primary clarification, multi-stage evaporation,
caustic neutralization, and sludge storage.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.9 kq/kkg (3.8 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.25 kg/kkg (0.50 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $5,803,430
                       Total yearly cost:      $1,291,010

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 363.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that five operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  90 percent
                                     SS:  99 percent

Alternative C 10-III - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
flow equalization, primary clarification, caustic neutralization,
nutrient addition, a complete mix activated sludge system, sludge
thickening, vacuum filtration of sludge, sludge storage and hauling,
and dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.75 kg/kkg (1.5 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.74 kg/kkg (1.48 Ib/ton).

               Costs:   Total  investment cost:   $625,620
                       Total  yearly cost:       $220,010

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ro
o
                IL
                O
                i
                         JJC.O
                         J'J.t
                         2*7.2
t«e.o
                        t*i.»
                         Jt.O
                            J5.00
                                                                      «i.ce
                                                              EFFICIFMTY
                                                         FIGURE  335


                                         AND YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY c 9. ALT.  in
                                                                               «s.io    «i.oe

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DRAFT
                          TABLE 363

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C10-II
                    (SOLUBLE COFFEE)
   ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  MSTEfcATER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9«5.0  PERCENT ROD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT MOCuLESt
                      Rl..CONTROL  HCtSF
                      FI..MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR
   INVESTMENT CCSTSJ
                   i.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
                   CCNSTRUCTICN
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CCNTINGFNCY
4808430,
  33320.
 "80840.
 490640.
00
00
00
00
                                           5803430.00
               TCTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
               i.  LABOR                  sesio,

               3,  CHEMICALS                  0,
               «.  MAINTENANtE&SLFPLIES  602580,
               TCTAL                     770360.00
                                                   00
                                                   00
                                                   0
                                                   00
   TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                   1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  CCST 770360.00
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST  RECOVERY          232140.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION           268510,00
                   TCTAL                    1291010.00
                          1202

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  DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 364.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that two operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  94 percent

Alternative C 10-IV - This alternative provides the  addition to  Alter-
native C 10-11 complete mix activated sludge with nutrient addition,
and sludge thickening, vacuum filtering, storage, and hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.2 kg/kkg (0.4 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is negligible.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $5,956,320
                       Total yearly cost:      $1,321,270

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 365.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that five operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  99+ percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 336.

                 BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 1 - Cakes, Pies, Etc., with Pan Wash

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 1 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which
produces 135 kkg (150 ton) of product per day.

Alternative C 1-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent
from a 135 kkg per day plant is 454 cu m/day (0.12 MGD).  The
BOD waste load is 94.2 kg/kkg (188 Ib/ton), and the  suspended
solids load is 16.8 kg/kkg (33.6 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease
load is 1.7 kg/kkg (3.4 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 1-1I - This alternative consists of a  pumping station,
screening, flow equalization, chemical treatment (coagulation by
ferric chloride, lime slurry, aluminum sulfate, and  anionic poly-
electrolyte).  Solids and sludge are assumed to be trucked to landfill.
                                1203

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DRAFT
                        TABLE 364

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C10-III
                      (SOLUBLE COFFEE)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FUR WA3TEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9A.O PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATVFNT MODULES*
                     81..CONTROL HCUSE
                     8...PUMPING STATION
                     C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                     E...CLAPIFTER
                     H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                     I...PHCSPHnRU8 ADDITION
                     G...CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
                     K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                     E...CLARIFIER
                     G...SLUDGE THICKENER
                     S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                     Y...HOLDING TA>!K
   INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
               
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DRAFT
                         TABLE  365

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C10-IV
                    (SOLUBLE COFFEE)
    ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FUR l«A8TEh *TER TREATMENT  CHAIN
    DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.0 PERCENT 800 REDUCTION
    TREATMENT MODULES;
                      Bl..CONTROL HCLSE
                      Fl..MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR
                      H...N;ITRCGF.N ADCITICN
                      I...PHCSFHORL3 ADDITION
                      K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                      8...SLUDGE THICKENED
                      s...VACUI!M FILTRATION
    INVESTMENT CCSTSt
                   1,
                   2.
                   3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4.  CONTINGENCY
TCTAL
                                   33320
4935840.00
        ,00
        00
 493580.00
5956320.00
    YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2,
        3.
    TOTAL  YEARLY
  CO&TS:
    LABOR
    CHEMICALS
4.  MAINTFNANCE&SUPPLIES
TOTAL
                                             583)0.
                                             116270.
                                              2990.
                                             609300.
        00
        00
        00
        00
                                            786870.00
      CCSTS:
        i, YEARLY OPERATING COST  786870.oo
        2. VEARLv INVESTMENT
           COST RECOVERY          238250.00
        3. DEPRECIATION           296150.00
                   TOTAL
                                 1321270.00
                          1205

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oo
o
>-
w

>-
                o
                (L

                6
                            !
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  DRAFT
The resulting BOD waste load is 4.7 kg/kkg (9.4 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.50 kg/kkg (1.0 Ib/ton), and the oil and
grease load is 0.02 kg/kkg (0.04 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $633,850
                       Total yearly cost:      $316,170

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 366.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that seven operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  97 percent
                                    O&G:  99 percent

Alternative C l-III - This alternative consists of Alternative C l-II
with the addition of an activated sludge system, sludge thickening,
vacuum filtration of sludge, and additional truck hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load  is 0.94 kg/kkg (1.88 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.34 kg/kkg (0.68 Ib/ton), and the oil  and
grease load is 0.005 kg/kkg (0.01 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $1,001,190
                       Total yearly cost:      $  389,640

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 367.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that seven operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  98 percent
                                    O&G:  99 percent

Alternative C 1-IV - This alternative consists of Alternative C  l-III
with the addition of dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.94 kg/kkg (1.88 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.17 kg/kkg (0.34 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.005 kg/kkg (0.01 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $1,036,100
                       Total yearly cost:      $  399,420

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 368.  It is
assuned that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that seven operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  99 percent
                                    O&G:  99 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 337.


                                 1207

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DRAFT
                       TABLE 366


         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Cl-II
             (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITH PAN WASH)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WA3TEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...95.0 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION

   TREATMENT MODULES!
                     Bl,.CONTROL HCU3E
                     C1..ENTEMANN PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

   INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                  1.  CONSTRUCTION         514330.00
                  2.  LAND                   16660.00
                  3.  ENGINEERING            51430.00
                  4.  CONTINGENCY            51430.00
                  TOTAL                    633650.00

   YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
                  1.  LABOR                  66630.00
                  2.  POMER                   5020.00
                  3.  CHEMICALS            124950.00
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SL'PPLIES   43360.00
                  TOTAL                    259960.00

   TOTAL  YEARLY CCSTSl
                  1, YEARLY OPERATING COST 259960,00
                  2, YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY           25350.00
                  3. DEPRECIATION            30660.00
                  TOTAL                    316170.00
                          1208

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DRAFT
                      " TABLE 367

      ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Cl-III
          (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITH PAN WASH)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...99.0 PERCENT BOD
                      TREATMENT CHAIN
                      REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MCDULESi
                    Bl
                    Cl
                    H.
                    I.
                    K.
                    8.
                    3.
                    *.
                    Y.
      .CONTROL HCUSE
      .ENTEMANN PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
      .NITROGEN ADDITION
      •PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
      .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
      .SLUDGE THICKENER
      .VACUUM FILTRATION
      .PIPELINE
      .HOLDING TANK
  INVESTMENT  COSTSl
                 i.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
    CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
                                         620450.00
                                          16660.00
                                          62040.00
                                          62040.00
                                        1001190.00
YEARLY OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
  COSTSl
    LABOR
    POWER
    CHEMICALS
    MAINTENANCEISUPPLIES
                                           86630.00
                                           23670.00
                                          131760.00
                                           58300.00
                                          300360.00
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSJ
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  300360.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
                  DEPRECIATION
3,
                                           40050.00
                                           49230.00
                                          389640.00
                          1209

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DRAFT
                        TABLE  368

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Cl-IV
             (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITH PAN WASH)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WA3TEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...99.5 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
   TREATMENT MCDULESi
                     Bl
                     Cl
                     H.
                     I.
                     K.
                     0.
                     a.
                     w.
                     Y.
                     B.
                     N.
  .CONTROL HCUSE
  .ENTEMANN PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .PIPELINE
  .HOLDING TANK
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
   INVESTMENT COSTS!
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
 649540.00
  16660.00
  8^950.00
  64950.00
1036100.00
                  TOTAL

   YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                  1.  LABOR                  66630.00
                  2.  POWER                  29760.00
                  3.  CHEMICALS             131760.00
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES   58660.00
                  TCTAL                     307010.00

   TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                  1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  307010.00
                  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     CCST RECOVERY           41440.00
                  3. DEPRECIATION            50970.00
                  TCTAL                     399420.00
                          1210

-------
O
b
u
L)
          IOT.I
•II.I
          tll.l
           MO.i
           >••*!
           9U.I
                                                   EFFICIENCY
                                      FIGURE 337

               INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY Cl   ALT. IV

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   DRAFT
Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 2 - Cakes, Pies, Etc.. Without Pan Vlash

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 2 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, eight alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 207 kkg
(228 ton) of product per day.

Alternative C 2-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 207 kkg per day plant is 189 cu m/day (0.05 MGD).  The BOD waste
load is 2.0 kg/kkg (4.0 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 0.94 kg/kkg
(1.88 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 0.63 kg/kkg (1.26 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 2-II - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
a flow equalization basin, a dissolved air flotation unit, a vacuum
filter for sludge, and truck hauling of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.0 kg/kkg (2.0 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.28 kg/kkg (0.56 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.19 kg/kkg (0.38 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $138,830
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 37,390

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 369.  It is assumed
that costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one half-time operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  50 percent
                                     SS:  70 percent
                                    O&G:  70 percent

Alternative C 2-III - This alternative consists of Alternative C 2-II
with the addition of a plastic media roughing filter with nutrient
addition.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.50 kg/kkg (1.0 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.14 kg/kkg (0.28 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.085 kg/kkg (0.17 Ib/ton).

               Costs:   Total  investment cost:  $165,420
                       Total  yearly cost:       $ 41,690
                                1212

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DRAFT
                        TABLE  369

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-II
            (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTFMTF.R TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...50.0 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULESi
                    B.,.PUMPING STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    J...AIR FLOTATION
                    S...VACUUM FILTRATION
  INVESTMENT COSTS?
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
                 1.  LABC1P
                 2.  POWER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
 93U70.00
 26660.00
  9350.00
  9350.00
136830.00
                        6250.00
                        3990.00
                        1800.00
                       14190.00
                       26230.00
                      26230.00

                       5550.00
                       5610.00
                      37390,00
                          1213

-------
   DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 370.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one half-time operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  75 percent
                                     SS:  85 percent
                                    O&G:  85 percent

Alternative C 2-IV - This alternative consists of Alternative C 2-III
with the addition of an activated sludge system, sludge thickening,
and additional capacity for vacuum filtration of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.050 kg/kkg (0.10 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.042 kg/kkg (0.084 Ib/ton), and the oil and
grease load is 0.026 kg/kkg (0.052 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $262,420
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 69,300

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 371.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required full time and one
is required half-time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  95 percent
                                    O&G:  95 percent

Alternative C 2-V - This alternative consists of Alternative C 2-IV
with the addition of dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.025 kg/kkg (0.05 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.011 kg/kkg (0.022 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.013 kg/kkg (0.026 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $291,510
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 76,970

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 372.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required full time and one
half-time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  99 percent
                                    O&G:  98 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 338.
                                 1214

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 370

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-III
            (CAKES,  PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR KA3TEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY...75.0 PERCENT  BCD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   C.
                   J.
                   S.
                   H,
                   *.
                    MG  STATION  .
              .EOUALIZATICN  6ASIN
              .AIR FLCTATICN
              .VACUUM FILTRATION
              .NITROGEN  ADDITION
              .ROUGHING  FILTER
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.  CONSTRUCTION
                2.  LAND
                3.  ENGINEERING
                4.  CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        a.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  PCWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLF-PLIES
                TCTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                1. YEARLY CPER.ATIKG  COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                                  115600.00
                                   26660.00
                                   11560.00
                                   11560.00
                                  165^20.00
                                            6250.
                                            1000.
      00
      00
 2180.00
15700.00
28130.00
                                   28130.00

                                    6620.00
                                    69UO.OO
                                   41690.00
                         1215

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 371

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-IV
            (CAKES,  PIES,  ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  KASTFMTER
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...97.0 PERCENT  BCD
                  TREATMENT  CHAIN
                  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                   B.
                   C,
                   J.
                   S.
                   H.
                   X.
                   K.
                   G.
                   81
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  •NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ROUGHING FILTER
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .CONTROL HCLSE
INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.   LABOR
               2.   PGKEP
               3.   CHEMICALS
               a.   M.AINTENANCF.iSLPPLlES
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSj
               1. YEARLY  OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                  COST  RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
196460.00
 26660.00
 19650.00
 19650.00
262420.00
                      167^0.00
                       9030.00
                       218C.OO
                      17060.00
                      47010.GO
                      47010.00

                      lObOO.OO
                      11790.00
                      65300.00
                         1216

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 372

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  ALTERNATIVE C2-V
            (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
  ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...99.0 PERCENT BOD
                  TREATMENT CHAIN
                  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULES!
                    8.
                    c.
                    J.
                    s.
                    H.
                    X.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    81
                    B.
                    N.
  INVESTMENT  COSTS!
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING COSTS?
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  POfcER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCE&8LPPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ROUGHIhIG FILTER
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTPA'N
220710.00
 26660.00
 22070.00
 22070.00
291510.00
                       18740.00
                       12650.00
                       2160.00
                       18500.00
                       52070.00
                      52070.00

                      11660.00
                      13240.00
                      76970.00
LAND  '
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                           1217

-------
ro


CO
            u.
            o
                      an.e
                      a«t.e
                      i«e.e
u«.e
                       111.9
                       •i.o
                       1T.O
                           sooo
                                     ri.ee     «.«•     M.H    is.ee


                                          EFFICIENCY
                                                    FIGURE  338



                                INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY C2, ALT.  V

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative C 2-VI - This alternative consists of Alternative C 2-V
with the addition of two aerobic stabilization ponds and the deletion
of the dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.025 kg/kkg (0.05 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.022 kg/kkg (0.044 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.013 kg/kkg (0.026 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $297,900
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 73,650

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 373.  It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required full time and one
half-time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  98 percent
                                    O&G:  98 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 339.

Alternative C 2-VII - This alternative consists of caustic neutralization,
nitrogen addition, and an aerated lagoon system.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.20 kg/kkg (0.40 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.28 kg/kkg (0.56 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.19 kg/kkg (0.38 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $174,000
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 50,350

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 374.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  90 percent
                                     SS:  70 percent
                                    O&G:  70 percent

Alternative C 2-VIII - This alternative is the same as Alternative C 2-VII
with the addition of spray irrigation of the final effluent.  It is
assumed that an additional  pumping station is required and that the
spray field is 300 m (1000 ft) from the treatment plant.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $256,720
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 72,220

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 375.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required full time and one-half
time.
                                1219

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE   373

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-VI
             (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WA8TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...99.0 PERCENT  BCD  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULESi
                    B.
                    C.
                    J.
                    s.
                    H.
                    X.
                    K,
                    C.
                    Bl
                    M.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION* BASIN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ROUGHING FILTER
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .SETTLING POND
  INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                  1.  CONSTRUCTION
                  2.  LAND
                  3.  ENGINEERING
                  4.  CONTINGENCY
                  5.  PVC LINER
                  TOTAL

  YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                  i.  LABOR
                  2.  POWER
                  3.  CHEMICALS
                  4.
                  5.
MAINTENANCEiSlFPLIES
PVC LINER
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
                     232340.00
                       16660.00
                       23230.00
                       23230.00
                       2440.00
                     297900.00
18740.00
 9030.00
 2160.00
17230.00
  490.00
47670.00
                      47670.00

                      11920.00
                      14060.00
                      73650.00
                         1220

-------
iS
o
         IM.O
         171.•
         IM.I
         U7.I
         ttS.l
                                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                                    XI
u
          • 9.1
          ST.O IT-
             SO.00     55.00    «0.00     »5.0«    TO,II    71.00     10.00    11.00     fl.OO    «S.OO    100.00


                                                     EFFICIENCY



                                       FIGURE 339


                   INVESTMEW AND YEARLY COST  FOR SUBCATEGORY C2, ALT.  VI

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  374

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-VII
             (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOP  WA8TE&ATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 90.0  PERCENT 900 REACTION
 TREATMENT
                    Bl.,CONTROL
                    G...CAUSTIC  NEUTRALIZATION
                    H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                    L...AERATED
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 a.
                 5.
             CONSTRUCTION
             LAND
             ENGINEERING
             CONTINGENCY
             PVC LINER
                 TOTAL
                                         1390PO.OO
                                           3330.00
                                          13
-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  375

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C2-VIII
             (CAKES, PIES, ETC. WITHOUT PAN WASH)
  ITEMIZED COST  SUGARY  FOP  WASTEMTKR TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN "EFFICIENCY.,,100.0-PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULES:
  INVESTMENT  COSTS?
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  «.
                  5.
                     Bl..CONTROL HCUSE
                     G,..CAUSTIC NELTRALIZATICN
                     H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                     L...AERATED LAGOON
                     U...'SPRAY IRRIGATION
  CONSTRUCTION
  LAND
  ENGINEERING
  CONTINGENCY
  PVC L
                  TOTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
COSTS:
  LABOR
                      CHEMICALS
                      MAINTFNANCE&SLPPLIE3
                      PVC LINER
                  TOTAL

  TOTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                  1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                  2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     CCST RECOVERY
                  3.  DEPRECIATION
                  TOTAL
 19990.00
 19U10.00
 I9aio.oo
  3770.00
256720.00
 187^0.00
 iQ7ao.oo
 15790.00
  «700.00
   HO.00
 50110.00
                         50110.00

                         10270,00
                         11640.00
                         72220.00
                         1223

-------
  DRAFT
               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent
                                    O&G:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 340..

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies for
ouDcategory C 3 - Bread and Buns

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 3 was developed in Section
V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.  In
Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being applicable engi-
neering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 41 kkg (45 ton)
of product per day.

Alternative C 3-1  - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 41 kkg per day plant is 100 cu m (0.026 MG) per day.  The BOD waste
load is 0.88 kg/kkg (1.76 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 0.46 kg/kkg
(0.92 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 3-II - This alternative provides a pumping station,
flow equalization, primary clarification, complete mix activated
sludge with nutrient addition, sludge thickening, vacuum filtration
of sludge, and sludge storage and hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.07 kg/kkg (0.14 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.12 kg/kkg (0-24 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $195,350
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 52,510

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 376.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required full time and one-
half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  92 percent
                                     SS:  75 percent

Alternative C 3-III - This alternative provides the addition to Alter-
native C 3-II of a dual media filtration unit.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.035 kg/kkg (0.070 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.03 kg/kkg (0.06 Ib/ton).
                                1224

-------
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                          IT*.I
                         111.9
                         111.*
                         Itl.t
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                                                                                                                                   3D
                          »O.T
                          50.C IV.
                                                           *7.ee     «i.eo
                               t ••••••••• t •••••••••g ••••••••• t ••••••••• f ••••••••• t ••••••••• 9 •••
                             to. fl«     41.00    «i.ee    «i.ee     ««.oe     «».ee    tt.eo



                                                                      EFFICIENCY


                                                         FIGURE 340


                                  INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY C2,  ALT.  VIII
                                                                                    looee

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  376

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C3-II
              (BREAD AND BREAD RELATED PRODUCTS)
   ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WA8TEMTER TREATMENT"CHAIN
   DESIGN  EFFICIENCY... 92,0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT  MODULES!
                      81
                      9.
                      C.
                      E.
                      H.
                      I.
                      K.
                      0.
                      s,
                      Y.
  .CONTROL
  .PIMPING
         HCUSE
         STATION
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.CLARIFIER
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
.VACUUM FILTRATION
.HOLDING TANK
   INVESTMENT COSTSl
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                   TOTAL

   YEARLY OPERATING  COSTS!
                   1.  LABOR
                   2.  PG*ER
                   3.  CHEMICALS
                   4.  MAINTENANCER5UPPLXFS
                   TOTAL
                   140570.00
                    26660.00
                    140*0.00
                    14060.00
                   195350.00
                      18740,00
                       6790,00
                       1990.00
                       8750.00
                      36270.00
   TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                   1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST  36270.00
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST  WECrVERY            7610.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION             8430.00
                   TOTAL                      e>2510,00
                          1226

-------
 DRAFT
               Costs:  Total Investment cost:  $211,550
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 57,310

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 377.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that t>ne operator is required full time and
one-haIf time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  93 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 341.

Alternative C 3-IV - This alternative replaces the activated sludge
system of Alternative C 3-III with an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.44 kg/kkg (0.88 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.054 kg/kkg (0.11 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $205,550
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 43,070

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 378.   It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  88 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 7 - Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 7 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, six alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which
produces 204 kkg (224 ton) of product per day.

Alternative C 7-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent
from a 204 kkg (224 ton) per day plant is  341 cu m/day (0.09 MGD).
The BOD waste load is 2.0 kg/kkg (4.0 Ib/ton), the suspended solids
load is 1.5 kg/kkg (3.0 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
0.85 kg/kkg (1.7 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None
                                 1227

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  377

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C3-III
             (BREAD AND BREAD RELATED PRODUCTS)
   ITEMIZED  COST  SLMHARY  FOR  bASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY... Qfe.O  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT MODULES!
                      61
                      B.
                      C.
                      E.
                      H.
                      I.
                      *.
                      0.
                      S.
                      Y.
                      B.
                      M.
                      .CONTROL  HCUSE
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .EQUALIZATION BASIN
                      .CLARIFIER
                      .NITROGEN ADDITION
                      .PHC8PHOPUS  ADDITION
                      .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                      .SLUDGE THICKENER
                      .VACUUM FILTRATION
                      .HOLDING  TANK
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .DUAL MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
   INVESTMENT COSTS?
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CCNTJKGENCY
               TCTAl

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
               1.  LABOR
               2.  FCWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
               TCTAL

TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
154070.00
 26660.00
 15410.00
 15410.00
211550.00
                                             18740
                                              8510
      ,00
      ,00
  1990.00
 10370.00
 39610.00
                                             39610.00

                                              8460.00
                                              9240.00
                                             57310.00
                          1228

-------
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                 <


                 8

                 b




                 1
                           :«t.c
JfC.5
16H.O
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ro
vo
                 o
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                          132.0
ilt.O
                          j?c.e
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                 5
                           66. C
                           5Z.J
                               «C.CC    «1.C9
                                       «a.ce    «s.ee     «»


                                             EFFICIENCY
. ee     «e.eo
                                                              FIGURE  341



                                    INVESTMENTT AND  YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY C3,  ALT. Ill
                                                                                                                    lee.eo

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  378

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C3-IV
             (BREAD AND BREAD RELATED PRODUCTS)
    ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOR WA8TEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  95.0 PERCENT BOO REDUCTION
    TREATMENT  MODULES*
                      e.
                      H.
                      I.
                      L.
                      B.
                      N.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .NITRHGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .AERATED LAGOCN
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRAIN
    INVESTMENT  COSTS!
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
                   5.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
CONTINGENCY
PVC L
                   TOTAL
YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSi
               1.  LA80W
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
                       PCKER
                       CHEMICALS
                       MAINTE^AN'CERSUPPLlES
                       PVC  LINER
   TOTAL YEARLY COSTS*
                   i.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST
                   2.  YFARLY  INVESTMENT
                      CCST  RECOVERY
                   3.  DEPRECIATION
                   TOTAL
                                         U3970.00
                                          28320.00
                                          14400.00
                                          14400.00
                                           4.U60.00
                                         205550.00
                      12490.00
                       4900.00
                        270.00
                       8060.00
                        270.00
                      25990.00
                      25990.00
                       8220,
                       9B60,
                                                00
                                                00
                      43070.00
                          1230

-------
   DRAFT


Alternative C 7-II - This alternative consists of flow equalization,
air flotation, and storage and truck hauling of soldis and sludge.
It is assumed that the separated solids are hauled to a rendering company
at no cost to the bakery.

The resulting BOD waste load is" 0.8 kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.45 kg/kkg (0.9 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load
is 0.3 kg/kkg (0.6 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $110,030
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 40,490

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 379.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  60 percent
                                     SS:  70 percent
                                    O&G:  65 percent

Alternative C 7-III - This alternative is the same as Alternative C 7-II
with the addition of an aerated lagoon system.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.1 kg/kkg (0.2 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.15 kg/kkg (0.3 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load
is 0.09 kg/kkg (0.18 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $230,060
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 59,260

An itemized breadkown of costs is presented in Table 380.  It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  90 percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent

Alternative C 7-IV - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative C 7-1II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.04 kg/kkg (0.08 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.06 kg/kkg (0.12 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.05 kg/kkg (0.10 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $262,790
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 68,340

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 381.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required.
                                 1231

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  379

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C7-II
             (COOKIE AND CRACKER MANUFACTURING)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HASTEKATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...60.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULESi
                    C,..EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                    J...AIR FLOTATION
                    B...PUMPING  STATION
                    Y...HOLDING  TANK
  INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
 66230.00
  4160.00
  6620.00
  6820.00
110030.00
  YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                  1.  LABOR                  12490.00
                  2.  PGKER                   2210.00
                  3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES . 16100.00
                  TOTAL                      30800.00

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
                  1,  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST  30800.00
                  2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                     COST  RECOVERY            4400.00
                  3.  DEPRECIATION             5290.00
                  TOTAL                      U0490.00
                          1232

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 380

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C7-III
             (COOKIE AND CRACKER MANUFACTURING)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  fcASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY...  95.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES*
                    C.
                    J.
                    B.
                    Y.
                    L.
               .EQUALIZATION  BASIM
               .AIR FLCTATION
               .PUMPING  STATION
               .HOLDING  TANK
               .AERATED  LAGCCN
 INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 «.
                 5,
            CCKSTRUCT10
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                 TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
COSTS!
  LABOR
                     CHEMICALS
                     MAIMTEMNCfc'ISlPPLIES
                     PVC  LTKER
                 TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY  CCSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY  OPERATJK6 COST
                 ?.  VEARLY  IMVF.STMENT
                    rCST  RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
                          5000.00
                         18440.00
                         18440.00
                          3770.00
                        230060.00
12490.00
 8740.00
    0.0
17440.00
  1
-------
                        TABLE  381

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C7-IV
             (COOKIE AND CRACKER MANUFACTURING)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.0 PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  C.
                  J.
                  B.
                  Y.
                  L.
                  B.
                  N.
                      .EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                      .AIR FLOTATION
                      .PULPING  STATION
                               TANK
                               LAGOON
                               STATION
    .HOLDING
    .AERATED
    .PUMPING
    .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT COSTS:
               1.
               I.
               3.
               4.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
    CONTINGENCY
5.  PVC LINER
TOTAL
YEARLY
       OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
COSTSi
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAIMTFNANCERSLPPLIES
  PVC LINER
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSt
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                                         211680.00
                                           5000.00
                                          21170.00
                                          21170
                                           3770
                               00
                               00
                                         262790.00
                                                00
                                                00
                                                0
                                                00
                                                00
                           14150.
                               0.
                           16160
                             140
                                          44940.00
                                          44940.00

                                          10510.00
                                          12890.00
                                          66340.00
                          1234

-------
  DRAFT
               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:   98.0 percent
                                     SS:   96   percent
                                    O&G:   94   percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 342.

Alternative C 7-V  - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon
of Alternative C 7-IV with activated sludge and adds sludge vacuum
filtration and sludge thickening.  The dual media filter is deleted.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.1 kg/kkg (0.2 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.15 kg/kkg (0.30 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load
is 0.085 kg/kkg (0.17 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $281,170
                       Total yearly cost:      $101,490

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 382.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:   95 percent
                                     SS:   90 percent
                                    O&G:   90 percent

Alternative C 7-VI - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative V.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.04 kg/kkg (0.08 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.06 kg/kkg (0.12 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load
is 0.05 kg/kkg (0.10 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $313,890
                       Total yearly cost:      $110,570
                                       i
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 383.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:   98.0 percent
                                     SS:   96   percent
                                    O&G:   94   percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 343.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory D 1 - Candy and Confectionery

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 1 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, six alternatives were selected as being
                                1235

-------
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              W)
             z
             l-l

             t-
             0.
             <
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                         IM.7
                         ill.*
                         t««.t
                         ITI.I
                         lit.l
                         IH.I
                               e
                          M.I  IT


                             *•!••'
                                                                               t

                                                                          /
*••,•••••••••,•••••••••,•«•••••••,•••••••••,•••••••••«•••••••••,••»•»••••,••••»••••••••••»•••,
 ta.OO    M.O*    TI.OC    ?»,••    •!.••    ••«••    ••.«•     «!.!•     «».OI    IM*«*


                                  EFFICIENCY
                                                           FIGURE 342


                               INVESTMENT  AND YEARLY  COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY  C7. ALT. IV

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 382

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C7-V
             (COOKIE AND CRACKER MANUFACTURING)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...95.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
   TREATMENT MODULES?
                     C.
                     J.
                     B.
                     Y.
                     K.
                     Q.
                     s.
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.AIR FLOTATION
.PUMPING STATION
.HOLDING TANK
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLIDGE THICKENER
.VACUUM FILTRATION
   INVESTMENT COSTSl
                  1.  CONSTRUCTION
                  2.  LAND
                  3.  ENGINEERING
                  4.  CONTINGENCY
                  TOTAL

   YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
                  1.  LABOR
                  2.  POWER
                  3.  CHEMICALS
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL

   TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                  1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY
                  3. DEPRECIATION
                  TOTAL
                   230850.00
                     4160.00
                    23060.00
                    23080.00
                   281170.00
                    12490.00
                    13170.00
                     2440.00
                    48290.00
                    76390.00
                    76390.00

                    11250.00
                    13850.00
                   101490.00
                          1237

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 383

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C7-VI
             (COOKIE AND CRACKER MANUFACTURING)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WA3TEKATER  TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY..,98.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES*
                    C.
                    J.
                    B.
                    Y.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    s.
                    B.
                    N.
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .HOLDING TANK
  .'ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA«N
  INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  POWER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCEtSLPPLlES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
256110.00
  4160.00
 2SB10.00
 25810.00
313890.00
                       12490.00
                       18590.00
                       2440.00
                       49000.00
                       82520.00
                      82520.00

                      12560.00
                      15490.00
                      110570.00
                          1238

-------
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OJ
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                  5
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                  I
                  a
                  <
                  u
                            lll.T
                             ITt.4
190.1
                             III.*
                             IM.l
lll.l
                             lll.O
                                     ••••••••.•••••••••.•••••••••,•••••••••«•••••••••«•••••••••••••*•
                                  •0.00     «t.OO     «».00     «.00     M.OO     49.00     «*.0«     «?.00     «I.OO     M.OO    100.00


                                                                             EFFICIENCY



                                                              FIGURE 343



                                   INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY C7, ALT. VI

-------
   DRAFT

applicable  engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which
produces 97 kkg (107 ton) of finished product per day.

Alternative D 1-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 97 kkg (107 ton) per day plant is 375 cu m (0.099 MG) per day.  The
BOD waste load is 6.94 kg/kkg (13.9 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 0.65 kg/kkg (1.31 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 1-II - This alternative provides a pumping station,
flow equalization, nitrogen addition, and an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.35 kg/kkg (0.70 Ib/ton), and
the suspended solids load is 0.12 kg/kkg (0.24 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $242,460
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 70,230

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 384.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  82 percent

Alternative D l-III - This alternative replaces the aerobic lagoon
of Alternative D l-II with activated sludge and provides sludge
thickening, aerobic digestion, and truck hauling of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.21 kg/kkg (0.42 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.078 kg/kkg (0.15 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $299,400
                       Total yearly cost:      $105,840

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 385.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  88 percent

Alternative D 1-IV - This alternative adds sand drying beds to Alter-
native D l-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.21 kg/kkg (0.42 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.078 kg/kkg (0.15 Ib/ton).
                                 1240

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  384

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Dl-II
                (CANDY AND CONFECTIONERY)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEfcATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION

  TREATMENT MODULESt
                    B...PUMPING  STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                    H...NITROGEN  ADDITION
                    L..*AERATED  LAGOON

  INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.  CONSTRICTION          19«380.00
                 2.  LAND                    4000.00
                 3.  ENGINEERING            19440.00
                 4.  CONTINGENCY            19440.00
                 5.  PVC LINER               5200.00
                 TOTAL                     242460.00

  YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSt
                 1.  LABOR                   6250.00
                 2.  PC*ER                   3060.00
                 3.  CHEMICALS               7920.00
                 4.  MAINTENANCE4SLPPLIES   31110.00
                 5.  PVC LINER                270.00
                 TOTAL                      U8610.00

  TOTAL YEARLY. CCSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST   48610.00
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY            9700.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION            11920.00
                 TOTAL                      70230.00
                         1241

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  385

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Dl-III
                (CANDY AND CONFECTIONERY)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SLMVA.RY  FOR  WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  95.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MCDULE8»
                    51
                    B.
                    c.
                    H.
                    K.
                    0.
                    R.
  .CONTROL HCLSE
  .PUMPINC STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEPCBIT DIGESTOK
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TCTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING  CCSTSl
                 1.   LABOR
                 2.   PChER
                 3.   CHEMICALS
                 4.   MAINTENANCEI8LPPL1E3
                 TOTAL

  TCTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING CCST
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    CCST RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
224510.00
 29990.00
 22450.00
• 22450.00
299400.00
                      37480.00
                      14740.00
                        7920.00
                      20250.00
                      30390.00
                       80390.00

                       11960.00
                       13470.00
                      105840.00
                          1242

-------
  DRAFT
               Costs:   Total  investment cost:   $425,670
                       Total  yearly cost:       $116,120

An itemized breakdown  of costs is presented in Table 386.   It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).   It is
further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  88 percent

Alternative D 1-V - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative D 1-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.10 kg/kkg (0.20 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load  is 0.039 kg/kkg (0.078 Ib/ton).

               Costs:   Total  investment cost:   $459,300
                       Total  yearly cost:       $125,540

An itemized breakdown  of costs is presented in Table 387.   It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  98.5 percent
                                     SS:  94   percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 344.

Alternative D 1-VI- This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative D l-II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.14 kg/kkg (0.28 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load  is 0.039 kg/kkg (0.078 Ib/ton).

               Costs:   Total  investment cost:   $276,080
                       Total  yearly cost:       $ 79,650

An itemized breakdown  of costs is presented in Table 388.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  94 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 345.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory D 2 -  Chewing Gum

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 2 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alternatives.
                                 1243

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 386

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Dl-IV
                (CANDY AND CONFECTIONERY)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  M8TE&MER  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT  BOO REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   Bl
                   B.
                   C.
                   H.
                   K.
                   C.
                   R.
                   T.
.CONTROL KLSE
.PUMPING STATION
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
.AEROBIC RIGESTCR
.SAND DRYING BEDS
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4.  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
 YEARLY OPERATING COSTSj
                1.  LABOR
                2.  POWER
                3,  CHEMICALS
                4.  MAINTENANCERSLPPLIES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                   335290.00
                    23320.00
                    33530.00
                    33530.00
                   425670.00
                    37480.00
                    H740.00
                     7920.00
                    18830.00
                    78970.00
                    78970.00

                    17030.00
                    20120.00
                   116120.00
                          1244

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  387

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Dl-V
                (CANDY AND CONFECTIONERY)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULESl
                    81
                    B.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    R.
                    T.
                    B.
                    N.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .PULPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC DIGE8TOR
  .SAKC DRYING BEDS
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
  INVESTMENT COSTS!
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TCTAL

  YEARLY OPERATING COSTS»
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  PCfcER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCEaSl'FPLlES
                 TOTAL
363320.00
 23320.00
 36330.00
 36330.00
459300.00
                      37480
                      20600
                       7920
       00
       00
       00
                       19370,00
                       85370.00
  TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSI
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST   85370,00
                 2, YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY           18370.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION            21800.00
                 TCTAL                     125540.00
                          1245

-------
IL
O
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O
          060.0
          024.5
          369.0
          353.S
         316.0
         2C2.5
          2*7.0
          Zlt.S
          m.o
          1«C.5
          109.0
               :. eo
   vt.oe     <».oo


EFFICIENCY
                                                                           
-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  388

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Dl-VI
                (CANDY AND CONFECTIONERY)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR MSTEi-sATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN.  EFFICIENCY...  98.5 PERCENT BOD REDUCTIC*
 TREATMENT  MODULES!
                   B.
                   C.
                   H.
                   L.
                   B.
                   N.
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .AERATED LAGOON
              .PUMPING STATION
              .DUAL MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT  COSTS?
                i.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
CCSTSl
  LABOR
  POKER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
  PVC LINER
                TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTSI
                1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2.  YEARLY I-NVF.STMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                       222400.00
                         4000.00
                        22240.00
                        22240.00
                         5200.00
                       276080.00
 6250.00
 8920.00
 7920.00
31650.00
  270.00
55010.00
                                   55010.00

                                   11040.00
                                   13600.00
                                   79650.00
                         1247

-------
                             277.0
ro
-P»
oo
                   IL
                   O


                   23
                   8

                   O
                             235.»
210.9
                             19U.2
                             17J.S
1S2.B
                             132.1
                             HI.a
                              «C.7
                              7C.«
    oc.oo    «i. oe
                                                            is.ee    ««.ee     «».cc    96. co


                                                                          EFFICIENCY
                                                                 FIGURE  345



                                       INVESTMENT ANU YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY  Dl ,  ALT.  VI
                                                                                  ««.eo   tee.ee

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  DRAFT


In Section VII, seven alternatives were selected as betng applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 70.9 kkg
(78.2 ton) of chewing gum per day.

Alternative D 2-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 70.9 kkg (78.2 ton) per day plant is 322 cu m (0.085 MG) per day.
The BOD waste load is 3.17 kg/kkg (6.34 Ib/ton), and the suspended
solids load is 0.43 kg/kkg (0.86 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 2-II - This alternative proivdes a pumping station, flow
equalization, nitrogen addition, and an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.16 kg/kkg (0.32 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.14 kg/kkg (0.28 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $345,260
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 99,860

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 389.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  68 percent

Alternative D 2-III - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon of
Alternative D 2-II with activated sludge and provides sludge thickening
and aerobic digestion.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.095 kg/kkg (0.19 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.09 kg/kkg (0.18 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $246,210
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 86,780

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 390.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  79 percent

Alternative D 2-IV - This alternative adds sand drying beds to Alter-
native D 2-III.
                                1249

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  389

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-II
                      (CHEWING GUM)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MASTEfcATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULESj
                   6...PUMPING STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                   L...AERATED LAGCON
 INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINEP
                TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        a.
        5.
CCSTSt
  LABOR
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                    PVC LINER
                TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY COSTS:      ]
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                       271290.00
                         6330.00
                        27130.00
                        P7130.00
                        13380.00
                       3«5260.00
 6250.00
<*9830.00
 4690.00
 6270.00
 2060.00
69100.00
                                  69100.00

                                  13810.00
                                  16950.00
                                  99860.00
                          1250

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  390

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-III
                      (CHEWING GUM)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOP WA3TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  95.0 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION1
  TREATMENT  MODULES*
                    Bl..CONTROL HOUSE
                    B...PUMPING STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                    K...ACTIVATEO SLUDGE
                    G...SLUDGE THICKENER
                    R...AEROBIC CIGESTOR
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
             ...   4.
CCNSTRl'CTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING CCSTSt
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  PChER
                 3,  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENfANCE&SLPPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL  YEARLY CCSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
180880.00
 29150.00
 18090.00
 18090.00
246210.00
                      37480.00
                      10480.00
                        4690.00
                      13430.00
                      66060.00
                      66080.00

                        9850.00
                      10850.00
                      86760.00
                          1251

-------
  DRAFT

The resulting BOD waste load ts 0.093 kg/kkg (0.19 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.09 kg/kkg '(0.18 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $319,750
                       Total yearly cost:      $101,670

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 391.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  79 percent

Alternative D 2-V - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative D 2-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.063 kg/kkg (0.12 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.056 kg/kkg (0.11 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $352,020
                       Total yearly cost:      $102,230

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 392.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  89 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 346.

Alternative D 2-VI - This alternative adds a pumping station, a pipeline,
and a spray irrigation field to Alternative D 2-III. 'This alternative
provides for no discharge of polluted wastewater.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $465,530
                       Total yearly cost:      $113,250

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 393.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 347.

Alternative D 2-VII - This alternative adds a pumping station,  a pipe-
line, and a spray irrigation field to Alternative D 2-III.  This alter-
native provides for no discharge of polluted wastewater.
                                 1252

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  391

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-IV
                      (CHEWING GUM)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ^ASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES*
                   PI
                   B.
                   C.
                   H.
                   K.
                   G.
                   R.
                   T.
              .CONTROL HCUSE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
              .SLLDGE THICKENER
              .AERCBIC HIGESTCR
              .SAND DRYING BEDS
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4.  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        a.
  COSTS?
    LABOR
    POWER
    CHEMICALS
    MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                                  250850.00
                                   18740.00
                                   25080.00
                                   25080.00
                                  319750.00
                                           37«80
                                           10080
                                            0690,
      00
      00
      00
21180.00
73830.00
                                   73830.00

                                   12790.00
                                   15050.00
                                  101670.00
                          1253

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  392

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-V
                     (CHEWING GUM)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                    Bl
                    B.
                    C.
                   0.
                   R.
                   T.
                   e.
                   N.
  .CONTROL HCUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .NITRGGFN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC DIGESTOR
  .SAND DRYING BEDS
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS;
                1.  LABOR
                2.  PChER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                a.  MAINT'ENAKCE&SLPPLIES
                TCTAU

 TOTAL VEARLY CCSTSi
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                2. YFARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
277740.00
 18740.00
 27770.
 27770.
00
00
                     352020.00
                      37480.00
                      15670.00
                       4690.00
                      13650.00
                      71490.00
                      71490.00

                      14080.00
                      16660.00
                     102230.00
                         1254

-------
U.
O
1-4


I-
Q.
5
           J53. e
          326.3
          272.
          2t«.S
          nz.e
          166.1
          139.
          112.7
           B6.0
                       si.cfl     9?.oe    «j.«e    *«.eo     «s.cs     »».ec     «?.eo

                                                       EFFICIENCY


                                             FIGURE 345


                    INVESTMENT! AND YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY D2,  ALT. V
                                                                                             «4.00    100.06

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 393

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-VI
                     (CHEWING GUM)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEhATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULESi
                  8...PUMPH'6 STATION
                  C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                  H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                  L...AERATED LAGOON
                  U...SPRAY IRRIGATION
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.
               2,
               3.
               4.
               5.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
PVC LINER
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POfcEP
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
               5.  PVC LINER
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
               i. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVF?TMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
350U20.00
 34650.00
 35040.00
 35040.00
 13360.00
468530.00
                       6250.00
                      51290.00
                       4690.00
                       6530.00
                       2060.00
                      72820.00
                      72820.00

                      18740.00
                      21690.00
                     113250.00
                        1256

-------
01
•sj
                     IL

                     O
>-
*H*


>
                    9s
                    u
                              £69.0
                                 .C
                              358.9
                              321.
                              28*.0
                              Z87.C
                              210.0
                              JT3.0
                              136.0
                               99.0  f
                                                            «S.CC
.00     97.ee
                                                                          EFFICIENCY
                                                                FIGURE 347



                                      INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY 02. ALT.  VI
                                                                                           99.00    100.00

-------
  DRAFT
               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $346,650
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 89,970

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 394,  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 348.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory D 3 - Gum Base

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 3 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, six alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 105 kkg
(116 ton) of gum base per day.

Alternative D 3-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent
from a 105 kkg per day plant is 356 cu m (0.094 MG) per day.   The
BOD waste loadisl.45 kg/kkg (2.91 lb/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 0.39 kg/kkg (0.78 lb/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 3-II - This alternative provides a pumping station,
flow equalization, nitrogen addition, and an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.10 kg/kkg (0.20 lb/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.03 kg/kkg (0.06 lb/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $242,420
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 74,610

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 395.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
fuother assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  93 percent
                                     SS:  92 percent

Alternative D 3-III - This alternative replaces the aerobic lagoon of
Alternative D 3-II with activated sludge and provides sludge  thickening
and aerobic digestion.
                                1258

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  394

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D2-VII
                     (CHEWING GUM)
  ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOP WASTEhATER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MCDULESi
                    Bl
                    B.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    R.
                    U.
               .CONTROL  HCUSE
               .PUMPING  STATION
               .EQUALIZATION BASIN
               .NITROGEN  ADDITION
               .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
               .SLUDGE THICKENER
               .AEROBIC  DIGESTOR
               .SPRAY IPP.JGATION
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAKO
            ENGINEERING
            CCNTINGEK'CY
                 TOTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
CCSTSi
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  KAINTENANCEISUPPLIE3
                 TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTS*
                 1.  YEARLY  OPERATING CCST
                 2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                    COST  RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
                       260000.00
                        34650.00
                        26000.00
                        26000.00
                       346650.00
37480.00
11940.00
 4690.00
 6390.00
60500.00
                                  60500.00

                                  13870.00
                                  15600.00
                                  89970.00
                         1259

-------
                              J87.0
                              320.9
                    li.
                    O


                    •8
266.7
ro
en
o
                    W

                    8
                              J«2.6
2U.5
                              16S.J
                    U
                              13S.2
                               66.0
  -Y


  •.
too.co
                              «J.oc
                                                                            «5.e:


                                                                         EFFICIENCY
                                                                FIGURE 348



                                      INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY Dz, ALT. VII

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 395

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-II
                      (GUM BASE)
 ITEMIZED COST SLf'MAPY FOR  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 93.0  PERCENT  BOD DEDUCTION

 TREATMENT MODULES*
                   B...PUMPING  STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                   H...NITROGEN  ADDITION
                   L...AERATED  LAGOON

 INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                 1.  CCNSTBUCTTCN          195450.00
                 2.  LAND                    3500.00
                 3.  ENGINEERING            19540.00
                 4.  CONTINGENCY            i954o.oo
                 5.  PVC LINER               4390.00
                 TCTAL                     242420.00

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
                 1.  LABOR                   6250.00
                 2.  FCKER                  39300.00
                 3.  CHEMICALS               2430.00
                 4.  MAINTF.NANCE4SI.PPLIES    4730.00
                 5.  PVC LINER                250.00
                 TOTAL                      52960.00

 TCTAL YEARLY CCSTfil
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST   52960.00
                 2. YEARL* INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY            9700.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION            11950.00
                 TCTAL                      74610.00
                          1261

-------
  DRAFT
The resulting BOD waste load is 0.087 kg/kkg (0.17 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.027 kg/kkg (0.054 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $218,870
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 75,770

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 396.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94 percent
                                     SS:  93 percent

Alternative D 3-IV - This alternative adds sand drying beds to Alter-
native D 3-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.087 kg/kkg (0.17 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.027 kg/kkg (0.054 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $248,350
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 82,920

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 397.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94 percent
                                     SS:  93 percent

Alternative D 3-V - This alternative adds dual  media filtration to
Alternative D 3-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.029 kg/kkg (0.058 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.012 kg/kkg (0.024 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $281,420
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 92,150

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 398.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  97 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 349.

Alternative D 3-VI - This alternative adds spray irrigation onto
Alternative D 3-II and results in no discharge of polluted wastewaters.
                                1262

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  396

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-III
                      (GUM BASE)
 ITEMIZED COST StMMPY  FOR  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 93.0  PERCENT  BCD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MCDULESi
                    Bl
                    0.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K.
                    0.
                    R.
              .CONTROL HCL8E
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITPCGEN ADDITION
              .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
              .SLLiCGE THICKENER
              .AKPCBIC CIGESTCR
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 c.
                 3.
                 4.
            CCNSTPUCTTCN
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
 TCTAL YEARLY
                  COSTS*
                    LABOR
                2.  PCWER
                3.  CHEMICALS
        TCTAL

      CCSTSl
        1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
        2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
           COST RECOVERY
        3. DEPRECIATION-
        TOTAL
                                         157«00.00
                                          29990.00
                                          15740.00
                                          15740.00
                                         218870.00
                                          37480,
                                           8720,
                                           2430,
                                           8950,
00
00
00
00
                                           57580.00
                                           57580.00

                                            6750.00
                                            9440.00
                                           75770.00
                          1263

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 397

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-IV
                      (GUM BASE)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 93.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   81
                   P.
                   0.
                   H.
                   K.
                   Q.
                   R.
                   T.
               .CONTROL HOUSE
               .PUMPING STATION
               .EQUALIZATION BASIN
               .NITROGEN  ADDITION
               .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
               .SLUDGE THICKENER
               .AEROBIC CIGE3TOR
               .SAND PRYING BEDS
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        a,
        3.
        4.
                  COSTS:
                    LABOR
                    POWER
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAINTENANCERSL'PPLIES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST
                2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                   COST  RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                                         192380.00
                                          17490.00
                                          19240.00
                                          19240.00
                                         246350.00
                                          37480.00
                                          8720.00
                                          2430.00
                                          12620.00
                                          61450.00
                                  61450.00

                                   9930.00
                                  11540.00
                                  62920.00
                          1264

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  398

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-V
                      (GUM BASE)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  bASTEMTES  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.0  PERCENT  POO  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES?
                   61..CONTROL  HOUSE
                   8...PUMPING  STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   H...NITKCGEN  ADDITION
                   K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                   G...SLUDGE THICKENER
                   R...AEROBIC  DIGESTOP
                   T...SANC  DRYINf? PEDS
                   B...PUMPING  STATION
                   N...DUAL  MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTPA'N
 INVESTMENT CCSTS»
                 1.
            CONSTRUCTION
                3.  ENGINEERING
                4.  CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
                 COSTS?
                   CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                                         219950.00
                                          17490.00
                                          21990.00
                                          21990.00
                                         261420.00
                                           37480.00
                                           1«310.00
                                            2430.00
                                           13470.00
                                           67690.00
                                           67690.00

                                           11260.00
                                           13200.00
                                           92150.00
                         1265

-------
                            282.C
                   o:
                            261.3
                                                              1
Ot
                   8
                            178.S
                            J57.8
                            137.1
                   u
                            116.4
                             75.e
                                           . co
9*.jc    «5.oo     «6.cc



      EFFICIENCY
                                                                                                            99.ee    iec.cc
                                                               FIGURE  349



                                        INVESTMENT AND  YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY D3,  ALT. V

-------
  DRAFT
               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $377,260
                       Total yearly cost:     $ 89,140

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 399.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 350.

Alternative D 3-VII - This alternative adds spray irrigation onto Alter-
native D 3-III and provides no discharge of polluted wastewater.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $326,720
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 89,230

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 400.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 351.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory D 5 - Chocolate with Condensory Processing

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 5 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, eight alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 330 kkg
(360 ton) of chocolate per day.

Alternative D 5-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 330 kkg per day plant is 761 cu m (0.201 MG) per day.  The BOD
waste load is 7.48 kg/kkg (14.9 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load
is 1.68 kg/kkg (3.35 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 0.69 kg/kkg
(1.38 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 5-11 - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, and air flotation.
                                1267

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 399

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-VI
                      (GUM BASE)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR
DESIGN EFFICIENCY. ..100.0
                           MSTEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
                           PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES:
                   B...PUMPING STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                   L...AERATED LAGOON
                   t... SPRAY IHRIGATICN
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   PVC
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSi
                1.  LABOR
                2.  PCHEP
                3.  CHEMICALS
                4.  MAINTEMANCESSLPPLIES
                5.  PVC LINER
                TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY CPP.RATIKG COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
281440.00
 35150.00
 261^0.00
 28140.00
  4390.00
377260.00
                                          6250.00
                                         40660.00
                                          2430.00
                                          7150.00
                                           250.00
                                         56940.00
                                         56940.00

                                         15090.0<^
                                         17110.00
                                         69 I a 0.00
                          1268

-------
u.
o

w
z
l-«

I-
O
           3T8.C
           S«7.6
           317.2
22*.0
           t«!.2
tea.a







 76.0 I                           r


    «c!«9     ?i!e»     «z!s:     «j!:e    ««!:s
                                                        EFFICIENCY
                                                                             97.OC    «8.BO
100.00
                                               FIGURE
                                  AND YEARLY- COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY D3,  ALT. VI

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  400

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D3-VII
                      (GUM BASE)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SLMMARY  FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MODULES:
                   B.
                   c.
                   H.
                   K.
                   Q.
                   R.
                   U.
.CONTROL HOUSE
.PUMPIK.pl STATION
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.3LICGE THICKENER
.AtRCPIC OIGESTOP
.SPRAY IRRIGATION
 INVESTMENT  CCSTSl
                1.
                   CONSTRUCTION
               2.  LAND

               «.  CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL
YEARLY OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
                  COSTS*
                    LABOR
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                TCTAL

TOTAL YEARLY  CCSTSl
                i.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST
                2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                   COST  RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                   243350.00
                    3^650.00
                                         326720,00
                    37^80.00
                    10280.00
                     2^30.00
                    11370.00
                    61560.00
                    61560.00

                    13070.00
                    14600.00
                    89230.00
                         1270

-------
s
u.
o
         327.C
         301.6
         27*.<>
         251.0
         226.2
(0

8

>
SB^

>
         2CJ.C
          us.e
          O* II
          ** - • *
          ue.2
           T5.C
                       «:.ee
                                                         «s.ee     «

                                                     EFFICIENTY
                                                                          17.00    
-------
   DRAFT
The  resulting BOD waste load is 5.24 kg/kkg (10.5 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids  load  is 1.18 kg/kkg  (2.36 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.28 kg/kkg (0,56 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total Investment cost:  $170,350
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 37,860

An itemized  breakdown of costs is presented in Table 401.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  30 percent
                                     SS:  30 percent
                                    O&G:  60 percent

Alternative  D 5-III - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, and an aerated lagoon.

The  resulting BOD waste load is 0.37 kg/kkg (0.74 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids  load  is 0.25 kg/kkg  (0.50 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.07 kg/kkg (0.14 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $484,700
                       Total yearly cost:      $199,330

An itemized  breakdown of costs is presented in Table 402.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  85 percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent

Alternative  D 5-IV - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon of
Alternative  D 5-III with activated sludge and provides sludge thickening
and aerobic  digestion.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.22 kg/kkg (0.44 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load  is 0.17 kg/kkg (0.34 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.069 kg/kkg (0.14 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $565,180
                       Total yearly cost:      $196,740

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 403.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:   97 percent
                                     SS:   90 percent
                                    O&G:   90 percent
                                1272

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  401

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-II
            (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  MSTFMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 30.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
  TRF.ATMFNT MODULES*
                    B...PULPING  STATION
                    C...EQULIZATICN  BASIN
                    J...AIR FLOTATION
  INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINFEPJNG
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
               1.  LABOR
               2.  PC*EP
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MA
               TOTAL
                                    PPLIES
  TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                 i. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
                 2, YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RFCCVEPY
                 3, DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
111190.00
 33320.00
 11420.00
 1U20.00
170350.00
                       12490.00
                       4720.00
                           0.0
                       6990.00
                       2«200.00
                      24200.00

                       6810.00
                       6850.00
                      37B60.00
                           1273

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  402

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-III
           (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST  SLMKARY  FOR  WASTEhATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                    B...PUMPING STATION
                    C...EGLALIZATICN BASIN
                    H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                    L...AERATED LAGOON
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
    CCNSTRUCTICN
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
ti.  CONTINGENCY
5*  PVC LINER
TOTAL
 YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                 1.   LABOR
                 2.   POWER
                 3.   CHEMICALS
 TOTAL YEARLY
  
-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  403

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-IV
           (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST SLMpAfrY FOP KASTFkATER  T*tATM£NT
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95,0 PEPCPM  POO  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   PI
                   B.
                   C.
                   H.
                   K.
                   e.
                   R.
                           BttL  HCLSE
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .ECULIZATICN  PASI
                      .NITRCGEN ADDITION
                      .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                      .3LLCRE  THICKENER
                      .AERCBir  DIGESTCff
                   CCNSTRtCTICN
                   LANO
 INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                1 .
                2,
                3.
               TCTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS:
               1.
               2.
               3.  CHEMICALS
33320.00
                                           44320.00
                                          565180.00
                                           37«8:0.00
                                           22730.00
                4.  VAINTENANiCESSLPPLlES   52880.00
                TCTAL                     147540.CO

 TCTAL  YEARLY COSTS!
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  147540.00
                2. YEARLY INVEST^FNT
                   COST RECOVERY           22610.00
                3. DEPRECIATION            26590.00
                TCTAL                     196740.00
                         1275

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative D 5-V - This alternative adds sand drying beds to Alter-
native D 5-IV.

The  resulting BOD waste load is 0.22 kg/kkg (0.44 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.17 kg/kkg (0.34 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.069 kg/kkg  (0.14 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $954,170
                       Total yearly cost:      $227,630

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 404.  It is assumed
that land costs  $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  90, percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent

Alternative D 5-VI - This alternative adds air flotation to Alternative
D 5-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.15 kg/kkg (0.30 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.12 kg/kkg (0.24 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.028 kg/kkg  (0.056 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $623,250
                       Total yearly cost:      $208,200

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 405.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  93 percent
                                    O&G:  96 percent

Alternative D 5-VII - This alternative adds dual  media filtration to
Alternative D 5-VI.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.025 kg/kkg (0.15 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.034 kg/kkg (0.068 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.0069 kg/kkg (0.014 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total  investment cost:   $651,200
                       Total  yearly cost:      $215,360

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 406.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that three operators are required.
                                1276

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 404

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-V
            (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WASTEMTEP  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT  BOO RECL'CTICN
 TREATMENT MQDULESj
                   81
                   9.
                   C.
                   H.
                     .
                   T.
  .CQNTRGL
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQL'ALIZATICN e^SI
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AERC9IC DIGESTCW
  .SAND DRYING BEDS
 INVESTMENT COSTS:
                1.
                2.
                3.
                a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS?
                1.  LABOR
                2.  POWER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                a.  MAINTFNAKCERSLPPLIES
                TOTAL
763910.00
 37aeo.oo
 76390.00
 76390.00
954170.00
                       37480
                      22730
       00
       00
       00
                      08970.00
                      103630.00
 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST  103630.00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY           36170.00
                3. DEPRECIATION            05830.00
                TOTAL
                     227630.00
                          1277

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 405

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-VI
            (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZFD COST  SUMMARY  FOP  WASTE^ATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.0  PERCENT SCO REDUCTION'

 TREATMENT MODULES*
                    Bl..CONTROL  HCLSE
                    8...PUMPING  STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                    K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                    (3...SLUDGE  THICKENER
                    R...AERCPir  DIGFSTOR
                    J...AIR  FLOTATION

 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.  CONSTRUCTION          U91610.00
                 2.  LAND                   33320.00
                 3.  ENGINEERING           49160.00
                 it.  CONTINGENCY           «9lfeO.OO
                 TCTAL                     623250.00

 YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSt
                 1.  LABOR                  37«80.00
                 2.  FOER                  3^500.00
                 3.  CHEMICALS              22730.00
                 4.  MA.INTENANCERSUPPLIES  59060.00
                 TOTAL                     153770.00

 TCTAL YEARLY COSTS*
                 i.  YEARLY OPERATING COST 153770.00
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECCVFRY           2^930.00
                 3.  DEPRECIATION            29500.00
                 TOTAL                     208200.00
                          1278

-------
 DRAFT
                      TABLE  406

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-VII
           (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOR  i*ASTE*ATFR TREATMENT CHAT*
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... «9.0  PEprEN.T  BCD REDUCTION


TREATMENT MODULfcSi
                           ROL  HCLSE  •
                  0...PUMPING  STATION'
                  C...F.QUALIZATICN BASIN
                  H..,NITRCGF\ ADDITION
                  K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                  Q,..SLLPGE  THICKENER
                  F«..,AERCB1C  riSESIO
                  J...AIR  FLGTATICN
                  B...PUMP ING  STATIC^
                  N...HUAL  KFCIA  PRESSURE FJLTBA'M
INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                    CCNSTRiCTICN
                    LAND
               3.


               TCTAL
 33320.00
 SlUQO.OO
 •5U90.00
651200.00
YEARLY OPERATING CCST&I
               1.  LABOR                  37«80.00
               2.  PQWEK                  39790.00
               3.  CHfeMICALS              22730.00
               U,  MAlNTEN'ANCrRSlPPLIES  59a?0.00
               TCTAL                     15S42C.OO


TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSJ
               1. YEARLY  OPc»iTIK,'G  COST 15««?0.00
               2. YEARLY  I^!VE?^^'E^T

                  CCST  KFCCVFRY           26050.00
               3. DEPRECIATIC3K            30690.00
               TCTAL
215360.00
                          1279

-------
   DRAFT
               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  98 percent
                                    O&G:  99 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 352.

Alternative D 5-VIII - This alternative adds air flotation to Alternative
D 5-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.22 kg/kkg (0.44 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.17 kg/kkg (0.34 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.028 kg/kkg (0.055 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $542,770
                       Total yearly cost:      $217,040

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 407.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  90 percent
                                    O&G:  96 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies for
Subcategory D 6 - Chocolate Without Condensory Processing

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 6 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, eight alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 220 kkg
(240 ton) of chocolate per day.

Alternative D 6-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent
from a 220 kkg per day plant is 920 cu m (0.243 MG) per day.   The
BOD waste load is 4.63 kg/kkg (9.24 Ib/ton), the suspended solids
load is 1.50 kg/kkg (3.01 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 1.06
kg/kkg (2.12 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 6-II - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, and air flotation.
                                 1280

-------
                   u.
                   o

                   
-------
                     TABLE 407

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D5-VIII
          (CHOCOLATE WITH CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR
3ESIGN EFFICIENCY... <57.0
                    <*ASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
                    PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  fe... PUMPING  STATION
                  C. ..EQIALIZATIO  BASIN
                  H...NITROGEN  ADDITION
                  L...AERATED  LAGOON
                  J..tAie FLOTATION
INVESTMENT CCSTSI
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
            CCNSTRUCTTO
            LAND
            CONTINGENCY
            FVC L
               TCTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
CCSTSj
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTF.NANCE&SLPPLI6S
  PVC LU'ER
               TCTAL

TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                       438140.00
                          5660.00
                        43810.00
                        43810.00
                        11350.00
                       542770,00
                                          12490.
                                         115810.
00
00
00
 22730.
 16930.00
   510.00
U8470.00
                                  168U70.00

                                   21710.00
                                   26860.CO
                                  217040.00
                         1282

-------
  DRAFT
The resulting BOD waste load Is 3.24 kg/kkg (6.48 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load Is 1.05 kg/kkg (2.1 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load is
0.42 kg/kkg (0.84 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $185,710
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 40,170

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 408.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  30 percent
                                     SS:  30 percent
                                    O&G:  60 percent

Alternative D 6-III - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, and an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.23 kg/kkg (0.46 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.32 kg/kkg (0.44 Ib/ton),  and the oil and grease load
is 1.06 kg/kkg (2.1 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $546,650
                       Total yearly cost:       $219,260

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 409.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  85 percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent

Alternative D 6-IV - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon
of Alternative D 6-III with activated sludge and provides sludge thickening
and aerobic digestion.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.18 kg/kkg (0.36 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.20 kg/kkg (0.40 Ib/ton),  and the oil and grease load is
0.106 kg/kkg (0.21 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $406,730
                       Total yearly cost:       $129,920

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 410.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  87 percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent
                                1283

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 408

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-II
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED COST  SLMMARY  FOR '*ASTE*ATEP TREATMENT CHAIN"
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...  30.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION*

  TREATMENT  MODULESj
                     B...PULPING STATION
                     C...E&11ALIZATICN BASIN
                     J...AIR FLOTATION

  INVESTMENT  CCSTSI
                  1.   CONSTRUCTION         126990.00
                  2.   LAND                  33320.00
                  3.   ENGINEERING           12700.00
                  4.   CONTINGENCY           12700.00
                  TOTAL                     185710.00

  YEARLY OPERATING  COSTSi
                  1.   LABOR                 12490.00
                  2.   POWER                  5420.00
                  3.   CHEMICALS                 0.0
                  4.   MAINTENANCERSLPPLIES   7210.00
                  TOTAL                      25120.00

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSi
                  1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST  25120.00
                  2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY           7430.00
                  3.  DEPRECIATION            7620.00
                  TOTAL                      40170.00
                          1284

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  409

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-III
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SLHMRY FOR M3TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  95.0 PERCENT BOO REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MCDULESi
                    8...PUMPING STATION
                    C. ..EQL4LIZATICN BASIN
                    H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                    L...AERATED LAGOON
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 H.
                 5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                 TCTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
 TCTAL  YEARLY
COSTSl
  LABOR
  PCWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
  PVC LINER
        TOTAL

      COSTS*
        1, YEARLY OPERATING  COST
        2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
           COST RECOVERY
        3. DEPRECIATION
        TCTAL
                        439020.00
                          MfeO.OO
                         43900.00
                         43900.00
                         13670.00
                        546650.00
                                            6250.
                                          140780.
                                           10530,
                                           12200,
                                             610,
00
00
00
00
00
                                          170370.00
                                          170370.00

                                           21870.00
                                           27020.00
                                          219260.00
                          1285

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 410

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-IV
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY.., 95.0 PERCENT BCD  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES!
                    81
                    8.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K.
                    0.
                    R.
              .COMRCL HCUSE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
              .SLUDGE THICKENER
              .AERCPIC DIGESTOR
  INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
            CCNSTRLCTICN
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCERSLFPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSI
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
                       311170.00
                        33320.00
                        31120.00
                        31120.00
                       406730.00
37480.00
21290.00
10530.00
P5680.00
94980.00
                                  94980.00

                                  16270.00
                                  18670.00
                                  129920.00
                         1286

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative D 6-V - This alternative adds sand drying beds to Alternative
D 6-IV,

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.18 kg/kkg (0.36 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load ts 0.20 kg/kkg (0.40 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
0.106 kg/kkg (0.21 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $581,990
                       Total yearly cost:      $144,720

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 411.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  87 percent
                                    O&G:  90 percent

Alternative D 6-VI - This alternative adds air flotation to Alternative
D 6-I.V.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.18 kg/kkg (0.36 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.14 kg/kkg (0.28 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.032 kg/kkg (0.064 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $643,830
                       Total yearly cost:      $156,710

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 412.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  91 percent
                                    O&G:  97 percent

Alternative D 6-VII - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative D 6-VI.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.046 kg/kkg (0.092 Ib/ton), the suspended
soldis load is 0.06 kg/kkg (0.12 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.0106 kg/kkg  (0.02 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $686,580
                       Total yearly cost:      $168,720

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 413.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.
                                1287

-------
.DRAFT
                          TABLE  -411

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-V
           {CHOCOLATE WITHOUT -CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED  COST "SUMMARY  POP  WASTE*ATEP TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN'  EfFIClENCY,. ..  95.0  PERCENT  B.OO DEDUCTION
 T-R.E.-AT.MENT
                      PI.. CONTROL HCL-SE
                      B, ..PLJKPINi: .STATION
                      C	;EQL?AII.Z
-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 412

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-VI
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FDR hA.STEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  96.0 PERCENT BOO REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MUDULESi
                    Bl
                    B.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K,
                    G.
                    P.
                    T.
                    J.
  .CCMROL HOUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AERCPIC PIGE8TOR
  .SAND DRYING PEDS
  .AIR FLOTATION
  INVESTMENT  COSTSf
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TCTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING  CCSTSi
                 1.   LABOR
                 2.   POWER
                 3.   CHEMICALS
                 «.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                 TOTAL  .

  TOTAL YEARLY  CCSTSi
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST  RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TCTAL
51«310.00
 26660.00
 51430.00
 51430.00
643830.00
                      374PO.OO
                      21360.00
                      10530.00
                      30730.00
                     100100.00
                     100100.00

                      25750.00
                      30860.00
                     156710.00
                          1289

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 413

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-VII
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER TREATMENT
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  99.0 PERCENT PCD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULESi
                    ei
                    B.
                    C.
                    H.
                    K.
                    0.
                    R.
                    T.
                    J.
                    B.
                    N.
   CCMRCL HCLSE
   PUMPING STATION
   FGUAL1ZATITN BASIN*
   NITROGEN ADDITION
   ACTIVATED SLUDGE
   SLUDGE THICKENER
   AERC8IC DIGESTCR
   SAND DRYING BEDS
   AIR FLOTATION
   PUMPING STATION
   DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTPA.'N
  INVESTMENT  COSTS*
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING CC3TSI
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  POWER
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY  CCSTSl
                 1. YEARLY CPFPATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RFCCVP.RY
                 3. DEPRECIATION1
                 TOTAL
5U9900.00
 26660.00
 54990.00
 54990.00
686580.00
                      37480.00
                      28850.00
                      10530.00
                      31400.00
                      108260.00
                      106260.00

                      27460.00
                      33000.00
                      166720.00
                          1290

-------
  DRAFT
               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  96 percent
                                    O&G:  99 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 353.

Alternative D 6-VIII - This alternative adds air flotation to Alternative
D 6-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.18 kg/kkg (0.36 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.15 kg/kkg (0.30 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.032 .kg/kkg (0.064 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $608,510
                       Total yearly cost:      $231,260

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 414.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  90 percent
                                    O&G:  97 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 354.
                                  1291

-------
                     £
                     <


                     8
                     0.
                     o
                              631.2
575. u
                              510.6
                              061.8
ro
u>
t\3
                     to
                     8
608.0
352.2
                              ie«.e
                              tzo.o
                                   «o.oo
                                       «a.05     <)5.08    96.00



                                            EFFICIENCY
                                                                                               97.oe     se.oo    99,00    100.00
                                                                 FIGURE


                                        INVESTNENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY  D6,  ALT.  VII

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 414

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D6-VIII
          (CHOCOLATE WITHOUT CONDENSORY PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED C03T SUMMARY FOR WASTE^ATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY,.. 96,0 PERCENT  800  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   B.
                   C.
                   H.
                   L.
                   J.
               .PUMPING  STATION
               .EQUALIZATION  BASIN
               .NITROGEN  ADDITION
               .AERATED  LAGOON
               .AIR FLOTATION
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                i.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                TOTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
 TOTAL  YEARLY
CCSTSl
  LABOR
  POKER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
  PVC LINER
                TOTAL
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                        490560.00
                          6160.00
                         49060.00
                         49060.00
                         13670.00
                        603510.00
  6250.00
140640.00
 10530.00
 18570.00
   610.00
176600.00
                                  176800.00

                                   24340.00
                                   30120.00
                                  231260.00
                           1293

-------
IL
O

CO
O
z
           609.0
          570.0
          53I.C
          K53.C
          375.0
          33t.O
O

_l

I-
I—I
Q_

O
          25S.O
              9s.ec     9i.es
                                                                           «7.ee    «e,cc     99.00    jco.oo
                                                      EFFICIENCY
                                              FIGURE 354

                     INVESTMENT AND YEARLY  COSTS FOR SUEGATEGORY   1)6.  ALT. VIII

-------
 DRAFT
                            PET FOODS
£nst. and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory B 5 - Low Meat Pet Food

A model plant representative of subcategory B 5 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which pro-
duces 159 kkg (175 ton) of product per day.

Alternative B '5-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
159 kkg per day plant is 556 cu m (0.147 MS) per day.  The BOD waste
load is 3.55 kg/kkg (7.11 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is
2.66 kg/kkg (5.33 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 1.40 kg/kkg
(2.80 ib/tbn).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 5-II - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, dissolved air flotation, and vacuum filtration of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.1  kg/kkg (2.2 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.53 kg/kkg (1.0 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
0.70 kg/kkg (1.4 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total  investment cost:   $229,630
                      Total  yearly cost:      $ 59,780

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 415.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  70.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   0&6:  50.0 percent

Alternative B 5-III - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B 5-II a complete-mix activated sludge system, a sludge thickener
for the waste activated sludge, and increased capacity for the vacuum
filter.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.11 kg/kkg (0.22 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.11  kg/kkg (0.22 Ib/ton), and the oil  and
grease load is 0.14 kg/kkg (0.28 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total  investment cost:   5511,100
                      Total  yearly cost:      $125,490
                                 1295

-------
DRAFT
                          TABLE 41,5

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B5-II
                      (LOW MEAT PET FOOD)
    ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOR NA3TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN  EFFICIENCY.6870.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
    TREATMENT  MODULES*
                      C..»C.QUALIZATICM BASIN
                      BB.0PUMPING STATION
                      J88BAIR FLOTATION
                      BeoePUMPING STATION
                      88.9VACUUM FILTRATION

    INVESTMENT  CCSTSs
                   lo   CONSTRUCTION         187890.00
                   2.   LAND                   4160.00
                   3.   ENGINEERING           18790.00
                   4.   CONTINGENCY           18790.00
                   TOTAL                    229630.00

    YEARLY  OPERATING CCSTSs
                   1.   LABOR                 12490.00
                   2.   POWER                 10860,00
                   3.   CHEMICALS              4260.00
                   4.   MAINTSNANCESSLPPLIES  11710.00
                   TOTAL                     39320.00

    TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS?
                   i.  YEARLY OPERATING COST  39320.00
                   2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                      COST RECOVERY           9190.00
                   3e  DEPRECIATION           11270.00
                   TOTAL                     59780.00
                             1296

-------
  DRAFT


An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 416.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.0 percent
                                    SS:  96.0 percent
                                   O&G:  90.0 percent

Alternative B 5-IV - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to Alternative B 5-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.071 kg/kkg (0.14 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.053 kg/kkg (0.10 Ib/ton), and the oil and
grease load is 0.07 kg/kkg (0.14 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $557,310
                      Total yearly cost:      $138,950

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 417.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.0 percent
                                    SS:  98.0 percent
                                   O&G:  95.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 355.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory B 6 - High Meat Pet Food

A model plant representative of subcategory B 6 was developed in Section
V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.  In
Section VII, five alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 270 kkg
(300 ton) per day.

Alternative B 6-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction 1n the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
270 kkg per day plant is 1100 cu m (0.3 MG) per day.  The BOD waste
load is 54 kg/kkg (108 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 21 kg/kkg
(42 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 31 kg/kkg (63 Ib/ton).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 6-II - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization and centrifugation.
                                1297

-------
DRAFT
                           TABLE 416 ~

            ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B5-III
                       (LOW MEAT PET FOOD)
     ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WA3TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
     DESIGN EFFICIENCY...97.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
     TREATMENT MODULESi
                       Bl
                       C.
                       B.
                       J.
                       B.
                       S.
                       K.
                       0.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .PUMPING STATION
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
     INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                    1.
                    2.
                    3.
                    4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                    TOTAL

     YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                    1.  LABOR
                    2.  POWER
                    3,  CHEMICALS
                    4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                    TOTAL
412040.00
 16660.00
 M200.00
 41200.00
511100.00
                      24990.00
                      31210.00
                       7240.00
                      16890.00
                      00330.00
     TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                    1. YEARLY OPERATING COST   80330.00
                    2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                       COST RECOVERY           20440.00
                    3. DEPRECIATION            24720.00
                    TOTAL                     125490.00
                            1298

-------
                    TABLE 417

     ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B5-IV
                (LOW MEAT PET FOOD)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...98,0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES?
                  81
                  C.
                  B.
                  J.
                  B.
                  S,
                  K.
                  Q,
                  B.
                  N.
  .CONTROL HCUSE
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .PUMPING STATION
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  •SLUDGE THICKENER
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT COSTSf
               1.
               2.
               3.
               a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
450550
 16660
 45050
«00
.00
.00
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
               i.  LABOR
               e.  POKER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
               TOTAL
 45050.00
557310.00
                      24990.00
                      39600.00
                       7240.00
                      17600.00
                      89630.00
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1, YEARLY OPERATING COST  89630.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          22290.00
               3. DEPRECIATION           27030,00
               TOTAL                    138950.00
                      1299

-------
d
o

b
(/)
2
in
a
o
u
^^





£
I-H

d.
<

O
          S9I.O
          101.1
                                                                                                   *

                                                                                                 /
                                                                                                                    5
          401.1
          111.*
           SII.S
           111.*
           101,7
           lit.*
           101,»
            ** • * ' * ......«...•••••••••,•••••••••.•••••

                TO.Ofl     T».M     T*.«»     »«.0«
                                                                                       14.01     *T*0«    1»0.«»
iilo*
                                                          EFFICIENCY
                                           FIGURE 355



                 INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY  B5, ALT.  IV

-------
  DRAFT

The resulting BOD waste load is 27 kg/kkg (54 Ib/ton),  the suspended
solids load is 6.3 kg/kkg (12.6 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load is
12.4 kg/kkg (24.8 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total  investment cost:  $243,880
                      Total  yearly cost:      $101,560

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  418.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600  per acre).  It is
further assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  50.0 percent
                                    SS:  70.0 percent
                                   O&G:  60.0 percent

Alternative B 6-III - This  alternative adds air flotation and vacuum
filtration to the treatment modules of Alternative B  6-II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 8.1 kg/kkg (16.2 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 1.3 kg/kkg (2.6 Ib/ton) and the oil and grease load is
4.3 kg/kkg (8.6 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total  investment cost:  $310,850
                      Total  yearly cost:      $132,390

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  419.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that two operators  are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  85.0 percent
                                    SS:  94.0 percent
                                   O&G:  96.0 percent

Alternative B 6-IV - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B 6-III, a complete-mix activated sludge treatment system sludge
thickening for the waste activated sludge, and additional vacuum
filter capacity.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.54 kg/kkg (1.08 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.63 kg/kkg  (1.26 Ib/ton),and the oil  and grease load
is 1.24 kg/kkg (2.48 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total  investment cost:  $908,830
                      Total  yearly cost:      $397,000

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  420.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600  per acre).  It
is further assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.0 percent
                                    SS:  97.0 percent
                                   O&G:  96.0 percent
                                1301

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  418

         ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B6-II
                    (HIGH MEAT  PET FOOD)
ITEMIZED COST  Sl*KA°Y
DESIGN EFFICIENCY..,
                           »ASTFXATER  TPEAT^M CHAIN
                           rEHCFNT  BC',0  PEDHCTICN
TREATMENT  MCDULES:
 INVESTMENT
                   El . .COf T-r.L M. USE
                   C .. . E r: U A L \ 7 A T I f K  B*
                   B.. .Pl'fPINCn STATIC^
                   C. . .rtN7»IrUG*
                   V. . .HLLC INin TA
                i.   CCNSTKLCT:
                2.   lANP
                3 .   E N G T fj E F. K I'
                U.   CLNTIKl-EW
                TCTAL
YEARLY OPERATING  COSTS:
                1.   LM'n
                2.   PPrtf-
                3.
                H.   K
                TC7H
                                           39980.00
                                           16Q50.00
                                           169QO.OO
                                          243680.00
                                           2^990.00
                                           ],a970.00
                                               0.0
                                           alfeSO.OO
                                           81610.00
 TCTAL  YEARLY CGSTS>
                1. VEAPLY CF£«ATING  CCS1   81610.00
                2. YEARLY ii\Vr;STf ENT
                   CCST pPCrvFttY            9760.00
                3, OrFSEClATiO^            10190.00
                TCTAl                     J01560.00
                         1302

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  419

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B6-III
                  (HIGH MEAT PET FOOD)
 ITEMIZED COST SbMfAPY  FOP '•«. a?TF* A TE5  T^t^T^'fcN'T CHAIN.
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY...  fc5.0 -FPCFM rTqTFLGATJf:^
                    Y.,.H-ji.ur.-.; Tif-K

                    S , . . V A C L- U i" F I L T K A T IC *

 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.   CCN-STRtCTICN          c2?730.CO
                 2.   LAIviD                    <998C.OO
                 3.   EMGI^EEBING            2P570.00

                 TCTAt                      310850.CO

 YEARLY OPEHATI\': CrSTS:

                 2.   PCI«ER                  15050.00
                 3.   CHEi^lCM-3                  0.0
                TCTAL                      106^20.00

 TCTAL YEARLY COSTS*
                i.  YEARLY OPERATING CCST  lofca^o.oo

                    CCST  PF.CCVFRY           1?U30.00
                3.  PEPSECIATITN.            I3540.cn
                TCTAL                      13?390.on
                          1303

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 420

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B6-IV
                   (HIGH MEAT PET FOOD)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOP  KASTEMTER TPfeATf--&M CHAIN
PESIGV EFFICIENCY,. . 99.0  PERCENT BOD RECL-CTIO

TREATMENT MCDuLESi
                   B1...CCMTPCJL  KLSF
                   C...EOLAHZATICN PASI'v
                   3 , . . PI * ? IMT5  STATION
                   v...HOLD ING TANK
                   J...AIR  FLOTATION
                   S... VACUUM FILTRATION
                   K...ACTIVATED SLUOGt.
                   '3...SLLPGE THICKENER

INVESTMENT CCoTSs
                1.   CONSTRUCTION         72^050.00
                e •   LAND                   39980.00
                3 .   ENGINEERING           724100 , 00

                TCTAL         "           90883o!oO
YEARLY UPEPATIM, COSTS:
                1.   LABOR                  2^990.00

                3.   CHEMICALS              S5l2o!oO
                if.   NAl'vTFMANCcRSUPPLlt'S  6fc690.00
                *C'AL                     3l7clO.OO

TOTAL YEARLY C.i-fiTf:
                i.  VCAPLV  CF^^iVIKt COST 317£10.00

                   CCST  «'FCrvFF.Y           36350.00

                TTT'''.                     397000.00
                          1304

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative B 6-V - This alternative adds dual media filtration to Alter-
native B 6-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.54 kg/kkg (1.08 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.21 kg/kkg (0.42 Ib/ton) and the oil and grease load
is 0.62 kg/kkg (1.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $956,910
                      Total yearly cost:      $410,850

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 421.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.0 percent
                                    SS:  99.0 percent
                                   O&G:  98.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 356.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory B 7- Dry Pet Food

A model plant representative of subcategory B 7 was developed in Section
V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alternatives.  In
Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.   These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 270 kkg (300 ton)
per day.

Alternative B 7-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
270 kkg per day plant is 114 cu m (0.03 MG) per day.  The BOD waste
load is 0.085 kg/kkg (0.17 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is
0.042 kg/kkg (0.08 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 0.11  kg/kkg
(0.21  Ib/ton).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 7-II - This  alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, and dissolved air flotation.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.042 kg/kkg (0.085 Ib/ton),  the
suspended solids load is 0.008 kg/kkg (0.016 Ib/ton), and the oil and
grease load is 0.055 kg/kkg (0.11 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $74,120
                      Total yearly cost:      $20,940
                               1305

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  421

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B6-V
                  (HIGH MEAT PET FOOD)
ITEMIZED COST SL^ASY  Ff,P  uA8TE*AT£R TREAT&EM  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIFNCV...  00.5  PE.fcCE>T BuD FFCuC
TREATMENT
                   S1..COKTP-OL I-CLSE
                   r...EQUALIZATION 6A5IN
                   ^...PU^PTf-T STATION
                   C. . .Of NTPIFLGATTCK!
                   Y...HC.Lr,IK-G TANK
                   J...ATK FLIRTATION
                   S...VACLLK FILTRATION
                   K...ACTIVATEC- SLLDGt
                   G...SLLDGE Ti-ICKENEK
                   F. ..PULPING STATION
                   N...OUAL M'ECTA PKESSLPT  FILTRA'N

INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                1.   CONSTRUCTION         76^110.00
                c.   LAND                   39980.00
                3.   E^GINf.6 Riot's            76^10.00
                KT*L                      V56910.00

YEARLY CPERAT^
-------
co
o
                     «S7.0
                 y)  *»».«
                 tt

                 5

                 d
                 Q  7»5.«


                 b

                 (0

                 2  7PO.J

                 W)
                 (0
                 8
                 U
                 0.

                 3
                           c-
is.co     »o.ee    «5.ee
                                                           T:.CO     7s.se     ie.ce


                                                                EFFICIENCY
IS.CO    4S.CO    95.00    ifiO.OO
                                                          FIGURE 356


                                 INVESTMEhfT AND  YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY 86,  ALT. V

-------
  DRAFT

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 422.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one-half time operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  50.0 percent
                                     SS:  80.0 percent
                                    O&G:  50.0 percent

Alternative B 7-III - This alternative provides complete mix activated
sludge in addition to Alternative B 7-II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0085 kg/kkg (0.017 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.0059 kg/kkg (0.012 Ib/ton), and the oil  and
grease load is 0.016 kg/kkg (0.032 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $125,910
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 34,380

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 42/3.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare §16,600 per acre).  It  is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  90.0 percent
                                     SS:  86.0 percent
                                    O&G:  85.0 percent

Alternative B 7-IV - This alternative provides dual  media filtration in
addition to Alternative B 7-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.004 kg/kkg (0.008  Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.0017 kg/kkg (0.0036 Ib/ton),  and the oil
and grease load is 0.0088 kg/kkg  (0.018 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $153,030
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 41,450

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 424.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95.0 percent
                                     SS:  96.0 percent
                                    O&G:  92.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 357.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory B 8- Soft Moist Pet Food

A model plant representative of subcategory B 8 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and  treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, four alternatives were selected  as being
                                1308

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 422

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B7-II
                     (DRY PET FOOD)
   ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FCR NASTEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...50.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT  MODULES*
   INVESTMENT  CCSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  4,
                     C...EGULIZATICN BASIN
                     8...PUMPING STATION
                     J...AIP FLOTATION
      CONSTRUCTION
      LAND
      ENGINEERING
      CONTINGENCY
                  TCTAL

   YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTS:
                  1.   LABOR
                  2.   POWER
                  3.   CHEMICALS
                  n.   MAPJTFNANCE&SIPPLIES
                  TCTAL
   TOTAL  YEARLY
CCSTSJ
  i. YEARLY CP&RATING COST
  2. YFAPLY INVESTMENT
     CCST RECOVERY
  3. DEPRECIATION
  TCTAL
56300.00
 4160.00
 5B30.CO
 5830.00
74120.00
                             6250.00
                             2050.00
                                0.0
                             6180.00
                             14480.00
                                            14U80.00

                                             2960.00
                                             3500.00
                                            20940.00
                         1309

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 423"

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B7-III
                        (DRY PET FOOD)
    ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WA3TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN EFFICIENCY,..90.0 PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
    TREATMENT MODULES!
                       C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                       8...PUMPING  STATION
                       J...AIR  FLOTATION
                       K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
    INVESTMENT  COSTS!
                    1.
                    2.
                    3.
                    4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                    TOTAL
 97980.00
  6330.00
  9600.00
  9600.00
125910.00
    YEARLY OPERATING  COSTS!
                    1.   LABOR                  12490.00
                    2.   POKER                   4060.00
                    3.   CHEMICALS                 0.0
                    4.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES   6890.00
                    TOTAL                      23460.00

    TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS!
                    1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST  23460,00
                    2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                       COST  RECOVERY           5040.00
                    3.  DEPRECIATION            5880.00
                    TOTAL                      34380.00
                          1310

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  424

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B7-IV
                     (DRY PET  FOOD)
   ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEHTER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN  EFFICIENCY,.,95.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT  MODULES*
                     C,
                     B.
                     J.
                     K.
                     8.
                     N.
        .EQUALIZATION BASIN
        .PUMPING STATION
        .AIR FLOTATION
        .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
        .PUMPING STATION
        .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
   INVESTMENT CGSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  4.
      CONSTRUCTION
      LAND
      ENGINEERING
      CONTINGENCY
                  TOTAL

   YEARLY  OPERATING CCSTSi
                  1.  LABOR
                  2.  PCWER
                  3.  CHEMICALS
                  4.  MAINTENANCE8SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL
   TOTAL  YEARLY
COSTS*
  1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
     COST RECOVERY
  3. DEPRECIATION
  TOTAL
120560.00
  6330.CO
 12060.00
 12060.00
153030,00
                             12490.00
                             6940.00
                                0.0
                             8670.00
                             26100.00
                                            26100.00

                                             6120.00
                                             7230.00
                                            41450,00
                           1311

-------
co

ro

               U_
               O
               i
               z
               8
               UJ
               u
               Q_
               5
                            . o
                         1«0.*
                         J17.J
100.«
                          17.0
   .t  e
                          »0,J
                          20.0  IV
                                               40,00     *5.00    70.00     79.00    60.00     85.CO     10.00    »J.CO   100.00

                                                                      EFFICIENCY
                                                          FIGURE 357


                                  INVESTMENT  AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY B7, ALT.  IV

-------
  DRAFT
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for
various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces
500 kg (550 ton) per day.

Alternative B 8-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
500 kkg per day plant is 114 cu m (0.03 MG) per day.  The BOD waste load
is 0.89 kg/kkg (1.77 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 0.48 kg/kkg
(0.96 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 0.18 kg/kkg (0.36 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 8-11 - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, dissolved air flotation, and vacuum filtration of sludge.


The resulting BOD waste load is 0.36 kg/kkg (0.72 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.096 kg/kkg (0.19 Ib/ton), and the oil and
grease load is 0.36 kg/kkg (0.72 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $247,670
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 89,780

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 425.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  60.0 percent
                                     SS:  80.0 percent
                                    O&G:  80.0 percent

Alternative B 8-111 - This alternative provides in addition to Alternative
B 8-11 a complete-mix activated sludge system and a sludge thickener
for the waste activated sludge.  Additional capacity for the vacuum filter
is included.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.036 kg/kkg (0.072 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.048 kg/kkg (0.096 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.011  kg/kkg (0.022 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $717,810
                       Total yearly cost:      $194,050

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 426.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.0 percent
                                     SS:  90.0 percent
                                    O&G:  94.0 percent
                                1313

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 425'

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B8-II
                   (SOFT MOIST PET FOOD)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...60.0 PERCENT BCD  REDUCTICN
   TREATMENT MODULES!
                     C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                     B...PUMPING STATION
                     J...AIR FLOTATION
                     B...PUMPING STATION
                     S...VACUUM FILTRATION
   INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                  TOTAL

   YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
                  1.  LABOR
                  2.  POWER
                  3.  CHEMICALS
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                  TOTAL

   TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                  1. YEARLY OPERATING  CCST
                  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     CCST RECOVERY
                  3. DEPRECIATION
                  TCTAL
202930.00
  4160.00
 20290.00
 20290.00
247670.00
                       12490.00
                       18610.00
                       17020.00
                       19370.00
                       67690.00
                      67690.00

                       9910.00
                      12160.00
                      89780.00
                          1314

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  42S
         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE
                   (SOFT MOIST PET FOOD)
                   3-111
    ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  HASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...96.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
    TREATMENT  MODUUESi
                      Bl
                      C.
                      B.
                      J.
                      B.
                      S.
                      K.
                      Q.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .PUMPING STATION
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
    INVESTMENT  COSTSl
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                   TOTAL

   YEARLY OPERATING  COSTSl
                   1.   LABOR
                   2.   POWER
                   3.   CHEMICALS
                   4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIE3
                   TOTAL
564290.00
 16660.00
 56430.00
 58430.00
717610.00
                            00
                            00
 24990
 57220
 21260.00
 26790.00
130260.00
   TOTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                   1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST 13C280.00
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST  RECOVERY           28710.00
                   3,  DEPRECIATION            35060.00
                   TOTAL                     194050.00

-------
  DRAFT

Alternative B 8-IV - This alternative provides dual  media filtration in
addition to Alternative B 8-III.

The resulting BOD waste load isO.018 kg/kkg (0.036 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.014 kg/kkg (0.028 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load
is 0.0054 kg/kkg (0.011 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $913,950
                       Total yearly cost:      $213,510

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 427.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.0 percent
                                     SS:  97.0 percent
                                    O&G:  97.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 358.

               MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIALITY PRODUCTS

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory A 29 - Flavorings and Extracts

A model plant representative of subcategory A 29 was developed in Section
V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.  In
Section VII, eleven alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives  provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which  produces 300 cu m (0.08 MG)
of finished flavors per day.

Alternative A 29-1 - This alternative assumes  no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
300 cu m (0.08 MG) per day plant is 125 cu m (0.033 MG)  per day.  The
BOD waste load is 0.56 kg/cu m (4.6 lb/1000 gal), and the suspended
solids load is 0.054 kg/cu m (0.45 lb/1000 gal).

Alternative A 29-11 - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
a holding tank and spray irrigation of the raw waste effluent.  Truck
hauling of alcohol  still bottoms and wastewater generated from the
vacuum still and organic synthesis areas is also provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0 kg/cu m (0.0 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $102,590
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 18,570

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 428.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100  per hectare ($1660 per  acre).   It is further
assumed that one-half time operator is required.
                                 1316

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 427
          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE
                    (SOFT MOIST PET FOOD)
                3-IV
     ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP WASTEWATER TREATMENT CHAIN
     DESIGN EFFICIENCY...98.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
     TREATMENT MODULES!
                       61
                       C.
                       B.
                       J.
                       B.
                       S.
                       K.
                       G.
                       B.
                       N.
.CONTROL HCLSE
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.PULPING STATION
.AIR FLOTATION
.PUMPING STATION
.VACUUM FILTRATION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
.PUMPING STATION
.DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
     INVESTMENT COSTSl
                    1.
                    2.
                    3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4(  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
     YEARLY OPERATING COSTSt
                    1.  LABOR
                    2.  PCKER
                    3.  CHEMICALS
                    «•  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                    TOTAL

     TOTAL  YEARLY COSTSl
                    1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                    2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                       COST RECOVERY
                    3. DEPRECIATION
                    TOTAL
                   622800.00
                   166590.00
                    62260.00
                    62280.00
                   913950.00
                    24990.00
                    65810.00
                    21280.00
                    27500.00
                   139580.00
                   139580.00

                    36560.00
                    37370.00
                   213510.00
                            1317

-------
CO

00
                   Q

                   b
                   U)
                   §
>«
o
                   <

                   G
                              •ll.l
                              TM.I
                              •M.9
            SI*.I
                              SII.S
                              •n.l
                              SU.I
                               ITt.l
                                M.I IT
                                     e
                                           *••,••••••••*,•••••••••,•••••••••.••••
                                            • •,11    M,M    TI.M     U.ll
                                                                •••••••$•••

                                                            II,Cl    I«.H
                                                                                EFFICIENCY
•1,11     U.ll    '*.«!   111.11
                                                             FIGURE 358


                                   INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY Be, ALT.  IV

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  428

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-II
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUGARY  FOR  KASIE^ATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY, ..100.0  PERCENT BCD REDUCTION

 TREATMENT MODULES:
                    I...SPRAY
 INVESTMENT  CCSTS!
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                   LA.NP
                   EN-i-INFER IMG
                   CCNTJKGFNCY
YEARLY OPERATING COSTS?
                1.  I A SCR

                3!  CHEMICALS
                4.  MAINTENANCE1SIPPLIES
                TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTS:
                1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST
                2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                   CCST  RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
 11000.00
  7630.00
  7&30.00
icas^o.oo
                                            1000.00
                                               0.0
                                            2640.00
                                            9890.00
                                            9890.00

                                            «100. 00
                                            4580.00
                                           16570.00
                        1319

-------
  DRAFT


                Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  TOO percent

 Alternative  A  29-III - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
 a  flow equalization tank, a complete mix activated sludge system, a
 sludge thickener,  vacuum filtration, and a sludge storage tank.  Truck
 hauling of alcohol  still bottoms and wastewater generated from vacuum
 still  and organic  synthesis areas  is also provided.

 The  resulting  BOD  waste load  is 0.041 kg/cu m (0.102 lb/1000 gal).

                Costs:  Total  investment cost:  $143,380
                       Total  yearly cost:      $ 37,280
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 429.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  92.6 percent
                                     SS:  76.9 percent

Alternative 29-IV - This alternative replaces vacuum filtration of
Alternative A 29-111 with aerobic digestion followed by sand drying
beds.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0-041  kg/cu m (0.34 lb/1000 gal), and the
suspended solids load is 0.0123 kg/cu  m (0.102 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $196,570
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 44,310

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 430.   It is assumed
that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  92.6 percent
                                     SS:  76.9 percent

Alternative A 29-V - This alternative  consists of a pumping station, a
flow equalization tank, and an aerated lagoon.  Truck hauling of alcohol
still bottoms, and wastewater generated from vacuum still  and organic
synthesis areas is also provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.041  kg/cu m (0.34 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.0123 kg/cu  m (0.102 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost.  $163,470
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 43,530

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 431.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare  ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  92.6 percent
                                     SS:  76.9 percent

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  429

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-III
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FQP wASTF.MTFR  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 92.6 PERCENT ROD  REDUCTION!
 TREATMENT MODULES:
                   8...PULING STATION
                   C...6QI.ALIZAT1CN BASIN'
                   K..,ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                   Q...5LLD6E THICKENER
                   S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                   Y...HOLCTMG TANK
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CCNSTRUCTTO
LAND
ENGINEERING
CCNTIMGFNCY
                TCTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTSt
                1.  LABOR
                2.  PCfcER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                4.  PAIMTENANCE4SIPPLIES
                TCTAL
 97260.00
 26660.00
  
-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  430

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-IV
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SlMKAPY FOR MSTEMTEP TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY.. .  92.f> FtRCFNT «GD DEDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MODULES
                   B...PIjN'FP'C STATIC^
                   C...EMALI7.ATICN BASIN
                   K...ACTIVATED 5LUDGE
                   C...SI.LDGE THICKENER
                   P.,.AfcRCRIC CIGESTOR
                   T...SAKD TRYING BEDS
                   Y...HCLDING TANK
INVESTMENT
            CG8TS»
                1.
                2 .
                3.
                   CCNSTRUCTICN
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
 YEARLY  OPERATING CCSTSt
                1.  LABOR
                2,  FCWEP
                3.  CHEMICALS
                a.  MAJNTENANCE4SLPPLIES
                TCTAL

 TCTAL  VEAPLY CCSTSJ
                i. YEARLY CPEPATING CCST
                2. YEAftLY INVES
                   CCST RECCVFPY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TCTAL
151320.00
 1^990.00
 15130.00
 15J30.00
196570.00
                                          12490.00
                                           7690.00
                                              0.0
                                           7190.00
                                          27370.00
                                          27370.00
                                           9080.00
                          1322

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE  431

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-V
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9?.6  PERCENT  BCD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES:
                  8...PUMPING  STATION
                  C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                  L...AERATED  LAGOON
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               5.
               TOTAL
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            EMGINFERIMG
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINES
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
CCSTSl
  LABOR
  PCHER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINJTF.NANCERSLPPLIES
  PVC
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSs
               1 . YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST 4F.CCVFPY
               3.
               TC7AL
                        131530.00
                          1670.00
                         13150.00
                         13150.00
                          3970.00
                        163470.00
                                          12490.
                                          IflOflO.
                                              0.
                                           2260.
                                             90.
00
00
0
00
00
                                          28900.00
                                   29900.00

                                    6540.00
                                    8090.00
                                   43530. 00
                          1323

-------
  DRAFT

Alternative A 29-VI - This alternative provides dual  media filtration in
addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 29-111.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.020 kg/cu m (0.17 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.0062 kg/cu m (0.051 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $160,180
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 42,240

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  432.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.3 percent
                                     SS:  88.5 percent

Alternative A 29-VII - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 29-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.020 kg/cu m (0.17 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.0062 kg/cu m (0.051 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $213,370
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 49,260

_An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 433.  It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.3 percent
                                     SS:  88.5 percent

Alternative A 29-VIII - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 29-V.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.020 kg/cu m (0.17 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.0062 kg/cu m (0.051 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $180,280
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 48,490

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  434.   It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.3 percent
                                     SS:  88.5 percent

Alternative A 29-IX - This alternative provides carbon adsorption in
addition to the treatment modules of Alternative VI.
                                 1324

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  432

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-VI
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FDR  NASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  96.3  PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
TREATMENT  MCDULESi
                   B...PUMPING STATIC!*
                   C...FQLALIZATICN BASIN
                   K...ACTIVATED SLL'OGE
                   G...SLUDGE THICKENER
                   S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                   Y...HOLDING TANK
                   B...PUMPING STATION
                   N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE
INVESTMENT  CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TCTAL

YEARLY OPERATING  CCSTSl
                1.   LABOR
                2.   PCNER
                3.   CHEMICALS
                4.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS:
                1.  YEARLY OPERATING CC9T
                2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST  RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TCTAL
                       1920
                       5310
                              IN
111260.00
 26660.00
 uno.oo
 11130.00
160180.00
      ,00
      ,00
       00
       00
 29150.00
                      29150.00

                       6410.00
                       66fiO.OO
                      42240.00
                          1325

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  433

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-VII
                (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTE*ATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 96.3 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MOOULESj
                  8.
                  C.
                  K.
                  Q.
                  R.
                  T.
                  Y.
                  a.
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .EGUALIZJTICh  BASIN
                      .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                      .SLUDGE THICKENER
                      .AEROBIC  DIGESTGK
                      .SANO DRYING  BEDS
                      .HOLDING  TAKK
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSJ
               1.
               2.
               3.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
               4.  CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL
YEARLY
       OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
TCTAL YEARLY
                 COSTS!
                   LABOR
                   POER
                   CHEMICALS
               TCTAL

             CCSTSt
               1. YEARLY CPERATIKT, COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVFRV
               3. DEBRECIATION
               TCTAL
                                         165320.00
                                          16530.00
                                          16530.00
                                         213370.00
                                          12490.00
                                           9650.00
                                              0.0
                                           8670.00
                                          30810.00
                                          30810.00
                                           6530,
                                           9920,
                                                00
                                                00
                                          49260.00
                         1326

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 434

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-VIII
                (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR M8TEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... «6.3 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION'
 TREATMENT MODULESi
 INVESTMENT CCSTS»
                i.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
                   B...PUMPING STATIC*
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   L...AERATED LAGCOlv
                   P...PUMPING STATION
                   N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FRTRA'N
CONSTRICTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
PVC LINE*
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
                1,  LABOR
                2.  POWER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                4.
                5.
MAINTENANCESSLPPLIES
PVC L
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY CPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
  1670.00
 1^550.00
 lasso.oo
  3970.00
180280.00
 12490.00
 16000.00
     0.0
  3770.00
    90.00
 32350.00
                      3P350.00

                       7210.00
                       8930.00
                      aea9o.co
                         1327

-------
  DRAFT

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0123 kg/cu m (0.102 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.004 kg/cu m (0.033 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $207,270
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 61,610

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 435.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.8 percent
                                     SS:  92.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 359.

Alternative A 29-X - This alternative provides carbon adsorption in
addition to the treatment modules of Alternative VII.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0123 kg/cu m (0.102 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.004 kg/cu m (0.033 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $260,490
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 68,640

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 436.  It is assumed
that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.8 percent
                                     SS:  92.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 360.

Alternative A 29-XI - This alternative provides carbon adsorption in
addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 29-VIII.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0123 kg/cu m (0.102 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.004 kg/cu m (0.033 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $227,390
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 67,880

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 437.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1600 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.8 percent
                                     SS:  92.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 361.
                                1328

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  435

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-IX
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  W6STEMTFR  TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.8  PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES:
                  6...PUFFING  STATION
                  C...EQI.ALIZATICN  BASIN
                  K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                  0...SLUDGE THICKENER
                  S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                  Y...HCHBING  TANK
                  E...PULPING  STATION
                  N...OUAL  MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
                  Z...ACTIVATED  CARBCN AHSCRPTICK
INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                1.
                2.
                3.
CCNSTPUCTICN
LAND
                   CONTINGENCY
               TCTAL
LABOR
POFR
CHEMICALS
YEARLY OPERATING
               1
               a
               TCTAL

TCTAL YEARLY CCSTS:
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  CCST
               e. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST KFCCvERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TCTAL
150510.00
 26660.
 15050.
      00
      00
                      15050.00
                     207270.00
12^90
11900
 1920
17980
       00
       00
       00
       00
                      44290.00
                      44290.00

                       8290.00
                       9030.00
                      61610.00
                         1329

-------
                    aoe.o
                       .a
               UL
               O

               iS
                    IS*.7
CO
co
o
                    tic.5
                    105.a
                     ee.i
               I

               u
               *^
               _l
               a.
               5
57.0
            «i.oc     «2.oo    «j.ee    .««.of    «i.oe    «».oo     «7.co    
-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE  436

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-X
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  KASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN! EFFICIENCY... 97.6  PERCENT  BCD REDUCTION'
TREATMENT MOOULESi
                   B...PUMPING  STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                   K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                   c...SLUDGE  THICKENER
                   R...AEROBIC  DIGESTGR
                   T...SAND  DRYING  BEDS
                   Y...HOLDING  TANK
                   3...PUMPING  STATION
                   N...DUAL  MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
                   Z...ACTIVATED  CARBON  ACSCRFTl'O
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
CCNSTRUCTICN
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
               2.
               3.
    PCWEF
    CHEMICALS
4.  MAINTFNANCE&SUPPLIES
TOTAL
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
20^580,00
 11990.00
 20460.00
 20460.00
260490.00
                      12490.
                      12120.
                          0.
                      21340.00
                      45950.00
       00
       00
       0
                      45950.00

                      10420.00
                      12270.00
                      6664Q.OO
                           1331

-------
                 1*1.0
                 154.1
           cz
           <


           8
                 217.
co
CO
ro
           5
                 I5J.S
                 130.6
                 199.1
            U
                 »T.4
                 »5.7
            o
                 a».o
                                                         FIGURE 360


                             INVESTMENT AND  YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY A 29, ALT. IV, VII,  X

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  437

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A29-XI
                 (FLAVORING AND EXTRACTS)
 ITEMIZED  CCST  SIMMjRY FQfl M8TEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  97.7 PERCENT BCfJ REDUCTION
 TREATVFNT  MODULES:
 INVESTMENT  CCSTS:
                1.
                2,
                3.
                4.
                5.
                   •3, ..PUMPING STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   L...AERATED LAGCON
                   R...PUMPING STATION
                   N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRAI
                   Z...ACTIVATED CA.RBCN ADSCRPTIC*
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                TCTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        a.
        5.
CCSTS!
  LABOR
                    CHEMICALS
                    KAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                    PVC LINER
                TCTAL

 TCTAL  YEARLY CCSTSI
                1,  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                          1670.00
                         16480.00
                         leaeo.oo
                          3070.00
                       227390.00
12490.00
18470.00
    0.0
1644G.OO
   90.00
47490.00
                                   47490,00

                                    9100.00
                                   11290.00
                                   67680.00
                          1333

-------
      M8.0
b
C/7



|

z
      1*1.0
      171.5
      US. 5
      117.0
       «e.s
tu

i
       »0.0
          «o.co     «i.co     «2.co     43.ee     «*.co    o.eo     »».oo    17.co     <«.eo     99.00   100.00


                                                   EFFICIENCY


                                                FIGURE  361


                    INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY A  29,  ALT. V,  VIH.  XI

-------
  DRAFT
Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategofy A 31, Bouillon

A model plant representative of subcategory A 31  was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, seven alternatives were selected  as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 7.3 kkg (8.0 ton)
of bouillon products per day.

It is estimated that the effluent from a 7.3 kkg  (8.0 ton) per day plant
is 114 cu m (0.03 MG) per day.  The BOD waste load is 46.9 kg/kkg
(93.8 lb/ton). the suspended solids load is 3.13  kg/kkg (6.26 Ib/ton),
and the oil and grease load is 2.35 kg/kkg (4.69  Ib/ton).

Alternative A 31-1 - This alternative consists of pumping station, a
holding tank, and spray irrigation of the raw waste effluent.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0 kg/kkg (0.0 lb/ton),  the suspended
solids load is 0.0 kg/kkg (0.0 lb/ton) and the oil and grease load is
0.0 kg/kkg (0.0 lb/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $92,030
                       Total yearly cost:      $10,840

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 438.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660  per acre).  It is
further assumed that no operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent
                                    O&G:  100 percent

Alternative A 31-11 - This alternative consists of a pumping station, a
flow equalization tank, a complete-mix activated  sludge basin, a  sludge
thickening and vacuum filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 2.34 kg/kkg (4.68 lb/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 lb/ton) and the oil and
grease load is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 lb/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $264,500
                       Total yearly cost:      $  59,290

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 439.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per  acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95.0 percent
                                     SS:  80.0 percent
                                    O&G:  73.3 percent
                                 1335

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 438

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A31-I
                    (BOUILLON CUBES)
fEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR fcASTF.MTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
•SIGN  EFFICIENCY... 100.fl PERCENT BOO REDUCTION

iEATMENT MODULES:
                 Y...HOLDING TAM<
                 U...SPPAY IRRIGATION

DIVESTMENT COSTSi
              1.  CONSTRUCTION           66150.00
              2.  LAND                   12660.00
              3.  ENGINEERING             6610.00
              4.  CONTINGENCY             6610.00
              TOTAL                      92030.00

•:ARLY  OPERATING CCSTS»
              1.  LABOR                      0.0
              2.  PO.F.R    .                Q80.00
              3.  CHEMJPAIS                  0.0
              1.  MAINTENANCERSUPPLIES    2210.00
              TOTAL                       3190.00

!TAL  YEARLY CCSTS»
              1. YEARLY OPERATING CPST    3190.00
              2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                 COST RECOVERY            36eo.oo
              3, DEPRECIATION             3970.00
              TOTAL                      10840.00
                           1336

-------
  DRAFT
                          TABLE 439

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A3!-II
                      (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEkATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULE?!
                  Bl
                  P.
                  C.
                  K.
                  G.
                  S.
              .CONTROL HCISE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATICN BASIN
              .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
              .SLUDGE THICKENER
              .VACUUM FILTPATION
INVESTMENT COSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
«.  CONTINGENCY
TCTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
  COSTSJ
    LABOR
    POWER
    CHEMICALS
«.  MAINTF.NANCERSUFPLIES
TCTAL
TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TCTAL
                                  198200.00
                                   26660.00
                                   19820.00
                                   19820.00
                                  26«500.00
                                          12U90.00
                                          16700.00
                                           2160.00
                                           5450.00
                                          36820.00
                                   36620.00

                                   10580.00
                                   11890.00
                                   59290.00
                             1337

-------
  DRAFT
Alternative A 31-111 - This alternative replaces the vacuum filtration
of Alternative A 31-11 with sand drying beds.

The resulting BOD waste load is 2,34 kg/kkg (4.68 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 Ib/ton) and the oil and
grease load is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $342,090
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 72,940

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 440.   It is assumed
that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   O&G:  73.3 percent

Alternative A 31-IV - This alternative consists of a pumping station, a
flow equalization tank, and an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 2.34 kg/kkg (4.68 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 Ib/ton) and the oil and grease load
is 0.626 kg/kkg (1.25 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $157,920
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 41,660

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 441.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one-half time operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   O&G:  73.3 percent

Alternative A 31-V - This alternative provides dual media filtration in
addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 29-11.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.09 kg/kkg (2.18 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton) and the oil  and grease load
is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $281,050
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 64,180

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 442.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per  acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.
                                1338

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 440

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A31-III
                    (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOR  WA8TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT  BOO REDUCTION
TREATMENT MQDUIE9|
                   61
                   B.
                   C.
                   K.
                   0.
                   T.
              .CONTROL HCLSE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
              .SLUDGE THICKENER
              .SAND DRYING BEDS
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
            CCNSTRUC TICK-
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
               TCT*L
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
CCSTSr
  LABOR
  PCWEP
  CHEMICALS
  I^AINTENANCERSLPPLIES
               TCTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
               1. YEARLY  OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                  CCST  RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TCTAL
                       366420,00
                         19990.00
                         26840.00
                         26640.00
                       342090.00
                                          12490
                                          14670
                                              0
     .00
     .00
     .0
16000,00
43160.00
                                   43160.00

                                   13680.00
                                   16100.00
                                   72940.00
                          1339

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 441

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A3!-IV
                     (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WA8TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MCDULESi
                  B...PUMPING  STATION
                  C...FQIALIZATICN  BASIN
                  L...AERATED  LAGOON
INVESTMENT CCSTSi
               1.
               2.
               3.
               a.
               5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC
               TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
CCSTSr
  LABOR
                   CHEMICALS
                   MAINTENANCE&SL'PPLIES
                   PVC LINER
               TOTAL

TCTAL YEARLY CCSTSi
               i. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TCTAL
                        126060.00
                         3000.00
                         12610.00
                         12610.00
                         3620.00
                        157920.00
                                           6250.
                                          18540.
00
00
                             0.0
                         2720.00
                           80.00
                        27590.00
                                   27590.00

                                   6320.00
                                   7750.00
                                   01660.00
                           1340

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 442

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A3T-V
                    (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUHMARY FOR HA3TEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.7 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MQDULESi
                  81
                  B.
                  C.
                  K.
                  0.
                  8.
                  B.
                  N.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSi
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
211040.00
 26660.00
 21200.00
 21200.00
281050.00
                      12490.00
                      18550.00
                       2180.00
                       7000.00
                      40220.00
                      40220.00

                      11240.00
                      12720.00
                      64180.00
                          1341

-------
                212.0
oo
J^
ro
          LL
          O

          s

          i
          ¥
8

*•»
X
V-*



o:
          o
                237.
       213.1
                   .«
                i»e.s
                 :«e.2
                 125.
                10).«
          o      «»«3
«o.oo
«2.cc     o.oo    <*.ao
                                                                       47.00     «e.co
                                                                EFFICIENCY



                                                           FIGURE 362A



                                INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY A 31, ALT.  II. V
                                                                                                          100.00

-------
 DRAFT


              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.6 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent
                                   O&G:  86,7 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 361.

Alternative A 31-VI - This alternative provides dual  media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative  A 31-in.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.09 kg/kkg (2.18 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton) and the oil  and grease load
is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:   $358,640
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 77,840

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  443.   It  is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per  acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.6 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent
                                   O&G:  86.7 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 362B.

Alternative A 31-VII - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative  A 31-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.09 kg/kkg (2.18 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton) and the oil  and grease load
is 0.313 kg/kkg (0.626 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:   $174,470
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 46,540

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  444.   It  is  assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per  acre).   It is further
assumed that one-half time operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.6 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent
                                   O&G:  86.7 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 363,

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory A 32 - Non-Dairy Creamer

A model plant representative of subcategory A 32 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, five alternatives were selected  as being
                                1343

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 443

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A3!-VI
                    (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
JESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.7 PERCENT 800 REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES;
                  Bl..CONTROL KCUSE
                  8...PUMPING STATION
                  C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                  K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                  Q...9LLOGE THICKENER
                  T...SAND DRYING BEDS
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE
                                    FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
               TCTAL
/EARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  PCWF.R
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
               TCTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
               1. YEARLY CPERA.TING COST
               2. YEARLY IMVF.ST*F.NT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                       232210.00
                        28220.00
                        28220.00
                       358640.00
12490.00
16530.00
    0.0
17540.00
46560.00
                                   46560.00

                                   14350.00
                                   16930.00
                                   77840.00
                         1344

-------
co
-P>
in
        CO
        s
                 J5S.O
                 lie.3
                 301.*
                 I6C.7
                  72.8
     » ————~^


   «?!ec     «»!oe


EFFICIENCY
«7.oe    
-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 444

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A3T-VII
                   (BOUILLON CUBES)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ^ASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.5 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  B...PUMPING  STATION
                  C...EQULIZATKN  BASIN
                  L...AERATED  LAGOON
                  B...PUMPING  STATION
                  N...OUAL MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
            CCNSTPUCTICN
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
               TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
      .  1.
        2.
        3.
        a.
        5.
CCSTSt
  LABOR
                   CHEMICALS
                   fAINTENANCE&SUPPLlES
                   PVC LIN'EP
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CC8T8I
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEAKLY INVESTMENT
                  COST  RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                       13*5870.00
                         3000.00
                         13990.00
                         13990.00
                         3620.00
                       17«<170.00
 ,6250.00
20390.00
    0.0
 «270.00
   60.00
30990.00
                                   30990.00

                                    6960.00
                                    8570.00
                                   46540,00
                        1346

-------
CO
           V)
           b

           i
           1
                  179.0
                  161.6
1)8. »
                 iee.0
                  ej.i
                  *».«
                  5».a
                  • 1.0
                      «0.00    41.00     <2.00    41.00     4a.4«     4S.CO    4».00     47.00    48.00     49.00



                                                              EFFICIENCY




                                                        FIGURE  363


                              INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY  A 31, ALT.  IV, VII
                                                                                         100.00

-------
 DRAFT
applicable engineering alternatives.   These alternatives  provide  for
various levels of waste reductions for the  model  plant  which  produces
either 91 kkg (100 ton) of solid creamer per day.

It is estimated that the effluent from a 91  kkg  (100  ton)  per day plant
is 64.3 cu m (0.017 MG) per day.  The  BOD waste  load  is 0.78  kg/kkg
(1.56 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 0.312  kg/kkg  (0.624 Ib/ton),
and the oil and grease load is 0.184 kg/kkg (0.369 Ib/ton).

Alternative A 32-1 - This alternative  consists of a pumping station, a
holding tank and spray irrigation of the raw waste effluent.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0 kg/kkg  (0.0  Ib/ton),  the  suspended
solids load is 0.0 kg/kkg (0.0 Ib/ton) and  the oil and  grease load is
0.0 kg/kkg (0.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost: $58,360
                      Total yearly cost:     $13,830

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  445.   It is  assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one-half time operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent
                                   O&G:  100 percent

Alternative A 32-11 - This alternative consists  of a  pumping  station,
flow equalization, dissolved air flotation, nutrient  addition, a
complete-mix activated sludge basin, a sludge thickening,  and a sludge
holding tank.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.025 kg/kkg (0.050 Ib/ton),  the
suspended solids load is 0.071 kg/kkg (0.142 Ib/ton)  and  the  oil  and
grease load is 0.0425 kg/kkg (0.085 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost: $157,360
                      Total yearly cost:     $  40,610

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table  446.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600  per  acre).   It  is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.8 percent
                                    SS:  77.2 percent
                                   O&G:  77.4 percent

Alternative A 32-111 - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
a flow equalization tank, nutrient addition and  an aerated lagoon.
                                1348

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 445

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A32-I
                   (NON-DAIRY CREAMER)
ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WASTEMTER TREATMfcNT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0  PERCENT 800 REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES:
INVESTMENT COSTS:
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                   U... SPRAY  IRRIGATION
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POfcER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTFNANCERSL'PPLIES
               TCT*t

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
               1. YEARLY CPEP.ATHG  COST
               i. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
43920.00
 5660.00
 4390.00
 4390.00
58360.00
                       6250.00
                        920.00
                          0.0
                       1700.00
                       8870,00
                       8870.00

                       2330.00
                       2630.00
                      13830.00
                          1349

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 446

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A32-II
                   (NON-DAIRY CREAMER)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEK A-TER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...96.8 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULESi
                  B.
                  C.
                  J.
                  M.
                  I.
                  K.
                  Q.
                  Y.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BA8IN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .8LLDGE THICKENER
  .HOLDING TANK
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
               i.  LABOR
               2.  PCfcER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
106920.00
 26660.00
 10890.00
 10890.00
157360.00
                       12490.00
                       4210.00
                        220.00
                       10870.00
                       27790.00
                      27790.00

                        6290.00
                        6530.00
                      40610.00
                         1350

-------
  DRAFT
The resulting BOD waste load is 0.025 kg/kkg (0.050 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0,071 kg/kkg (0,142 Ib/ton) and the oil and grease load
is 0.0425 kg/kkg (0.085 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $148,790
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 42,380

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 447.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.8 percent
                                    SS:  77.2 percent
                                   O&G:  77.4 percent

Alternative A 32-IV - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 32-11.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0106 kg/kkg (0.0212 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.0142 kg/kkg (0.0284 Ib/ton) and the oil and
grease load is 0.0142 kg/kkg (0.0284 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $183,100
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 47,270

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 448.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.6 percent
                                    SS:  95.5 percent
                                   O&G:  92.5 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 364.

Alternative A 32-V - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 32-1II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.0106 kg/kkg (0.0212 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.0142 kg/kkg (0.0284 Ib/ton) and the oil
and grease load is 0.0142 kg/kkg (0.0284 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $164,220
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 46,960

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 449.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.6 percent
                                    SS:  95.5 percent
                                   O&G:  92.5 percent

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 447

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A32-III
                   (NON-DAIRY CREAMER)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FO* WASTE^ATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 96.8 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

 TREATMENT MOOULESj
                   B. .PUMPING STATION
                   C.
                   H.
                   I.
                   L.
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.PHCSPHORUS ADDITION
.AERATED LAGOON
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.   CONSTRUCTION         118270.00
                2.   LAND                   3330.00
                3.   ENGINEERING           11830.00
                4.   CONTINGENCY           11830.00
                5.   PVC LINER              3530.00
                TCTAL                    U8790.00

 YEARLY  OPERATING  CCSTSl
                1.   LABOR                 12490.00
                2.   POWER                 10590.00
                3.   CHEMICALS               220.00
                a.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES   5810.00
                5.   PVC LINER                50.00
                TCTAL                     29160.00

 TCTAL YEARLY  CCSTSl
                1.  YEARLY OPERATING CCST  29160.00
                2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY           5950.00
                3.  DEPRECIATION            7270.00
                TCTAL                     42380.00
                          1352

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 448

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A32-IV
                   (NON-DAIRY CREAMER)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WA8TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...96.6 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
TREATMENT  MODULESi
                   B.
                   C.
                   J.
                   H.
                   I.
                   K.
                   a.
                   Y.
                   B.
                   N.
     .PUMPING  STATION
     .EQUALIZATION  BASIN
     .AIR FLOTATION
     .NITROGEN ADDITION
     .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
     .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
     .SLUDGE THICKENER
     .HOLDING  TANK
     .PUMPING  STATION
     .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
  CONSTRUCTION
  LAND
  ENGINEERING
  CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL
YEARLY OPERATING
               i.
               2.
               3.
               4.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIE3
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSi
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2, YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
130360.00
 26660.00
 13040.00
 13040.00
163100.00
 12490.00
  6540.00
   220.00
 12660.00
 32130.00
                        32130.00

                         7320.00
                         7820.00
                        47270.00
                          1353

-------
CO
en
               U».T
               IM.
         fe
         10     112.1
               lio.e
         8
                •0.2
         a!
         U
         (J
                28.1
                u. e
                   «o.oo    
-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 449

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A32-V
                   (NON-DAIRY CREAMER)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY,..  98.6 PERCENT BOD DEDUCTION

 TREATMENT MODULES:
                   8...PUMPING STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                   I...PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                   L...AERATED LAGOON
                   B...PUMPING STATION
                   N...PUAL MFDIA PRESSURE FILTPA«N

 INVESTMENT COSTS?
                1.   CONSTRUCTION         131140.00
                2.   LAND                   3330.00
                3.   ENGINEERING           13110.00
                <».   CONTINGENCY           13110.00
                5.   PVC LINER              3530.00
                TOTAL                     164220.00

 YEARLY  OPERATING COSTS!
                1.   LABOR                 12490.00
                2.   PCWER                 12000.00
                3.   CHEMICALS               220.00
                4.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIE8   7590.00
                5.   PVC LINER                50.00
                TOTAL                      32350.00

 TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS:
                1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST  32350.00
                2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY           6570.00
                3.  DEPRECIATION            8040.00
                TOTAL                      46960.00
                          1355

-------
     165.0
     UJ.T

-------
 DRAFT


A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 365.

Cost and Reducti on Benefi ts of A1ternative Treatment
Techno!ogles for Subcategbry A 33- Yeast"

A model plant representative of subcategory A 33 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of apply control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, twenty alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 82 kkg (90.4 tons)
of yeast per day.

Alternative A 33-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
82 kkg (90.4 ton) per day plant is 2650 cu m (0.70 MG) per day.   The
BOD waste load is 204 kg/kkg (407 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 60 kg/kkg (120 Ib/ton).

The model plant assumes segregation of process water from storm, cooling,
and other non-contact water discharges.  Third separation spent beer
is assumed to be reused as second separation wash water.

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative A 33-11 - This alternative provides a control house, flow
equalization, nutrient addition, and an aerated lagoon system.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,031,510
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,802,880

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 450.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent

Alternative A 33-1II - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-11 dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,077,380
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,813,590
                               1357

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 450

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-II
                        (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.4 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  Bl
                  B.
                  C.
                  H.
                  I.
                  L.
              .CONTROL HOUSE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
              .AERATED LAGOON
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4,
               5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                      2431550.00
               TCTAL
                       243150.00
                       243150.00
                        66920.00
                      3031510.00
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
CCSTSl
  LABOR                 24990.00
  POWER               1277220.00
  CHEMICALS            105780.00
  MAINTENAN'CE&SLPPLIES 122430.00
  PVC LINER               860.00
               TOTAL
                                 1531260.00
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING CCST1531280.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          121260.00
               3. DEPRECIATION           150340.00
               TOTAL                    1802880,00
                          1358

-------
 DRAFT

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 451.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that two operators are required,

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.2 percent
                                    SS:  98,7 percent

Alternative A 33-IV - This alternative provides in addition  to Alter-
native A 33-1II activated carbon adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81  kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load is 0.40 kg/kkg (0.80 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,695,700
                      Total yearly cost:       $1,913,920

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 452.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 366.

Alternative A 33-V - This alternative provides a control house, flow
equalization, primary clarification,  nutrient addition, a  complete-mix
activated sludge system, sludge thickening aerobic digestion, and
vacuum filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,263,380
                      Total yearly cost:       $  686,240

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 453.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It  is further
assumed that three operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent

Alternative A 33-VI - This alternative provides in addition  to Alter-
native A 33-V dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.62  kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg  (1.6 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,308,260
                      Total yearly cost:       $  696,940
                                1359

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 451

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-III
                        (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WA8TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.2 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  81
                  B.
                  C.
                  H.
                  I.
                  L.
                  N.
        .CONTROL HCLSE
        .PUMPING STATION
        .EQUALIZATION BASIN
        ..NITROGEN ADDITION
        .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
        .AERATED LAGOON
        .DUAL HF.OIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
      CONSTRUCTION
      LAND
      ENGINEERING
      CONTINGENCY
      PVC LINER
               TOTAL
                    2469760.00
                      24740.00
                     246980.00
                     246980.00
                      88920,00
                    3077380.00
YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.  LABOR
               2.
               3.
               4.
      POWER
                      24990.00
                    1283170.00
CHEMICALS            105780.00
MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES 123060.00
               TOTAL
                       LINER
                              860.00
                          1537860.00
TOTAL YEARLY
CCSTSl
  i. YEARLY OPERATING cosTi537860.oo
  2t YEARLY INVESTMENT
     COST RECOVERY         123100.00
  3. DEPRECIATION          152630.00
  TOTAL                   1813590.00
                          1360

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 452

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-IV
                         (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP fcASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.6 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MCOULESi
                  61
                  B.
                  C.
                  H.
                  I.
                  L.
                  N.
                  Z.
  .CONTROL HCL'SE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .AERATED LAGOON
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE
FILTRA'N
  .ACTIVATED CARBCN ADSORPTION
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.  CONSTRUCTION
               2.  LAND
               3.  ENGINEERING
               4.  CONTINGENCY
               5.  PVC LINER
               TOTAL
                    2965040.00
                      24740.00
                     298500.00
                     298500.00
                      88920.00
                    3695700.00
YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.
               5.
               TOTAL
                      24990.00
                    1300550.00
                     105780.00
MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES 150360.00
PVC LINER               860.00
                    1582540.00
TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING CCST1582540.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          U7830.00
               3. DEPRECIATION           183550.00
               TOTAL                    1913920.00
                          1361

-------
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ro
          o:
          <
          u.
          o
          o
          tn
          o
          o
          o
          w

          ^
          h-4

          s
               itn.o
               J?04.»
               3317.2
               3127.8
270«.0
               2J7C.i
                               oe     jec     «soe     ««eo    <»oe    «»oc    «TCO     <«.eo



                                                             EFFICIENCY




                                                            FIGURE  366




                                INVESTMENT AND YEARLY  COST FOR SUBCATEGORY A 33,  ALT.  IV
                                                                                          100.00

-------
  DRAFT
                         TABLE 453

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-V
                          (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.4 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  81
                  B.
                  C.
                  E.
                  H.
                  I.
                  K.
                  Q.
                  R.
                  8.
                  Y.
              .CONTROL HCUSE
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .CLARIFIER
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
              .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
              .SLUDGE THICKENER
              .AEROBIC DIGESTOR
              .VACUUM FILTRATION
              .HOLDING TANK
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL
                      I8446'3o.oo
                        48810.00
                       164460.00
                       184460.00
                      2262380.00
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCERSLPPLIES
               TOTAL
 37480.00
269650.00
119940.00
 58990.00
485060.00
TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 485060.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          90500.00
               3. DEPRECIATION          110680.00
               TOTAL
                                 686240.00
                            1363

-------
  DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs Is presented in Table 454.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is
further assumed that three operators are required,

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.2 percent
                                    SS:  98.7 percent

Alternative A 33-VII - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-VI activated carbon  adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.62 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.40 kg/kkg (0.80 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,926,580
                      Total yearly cost:      $  797,280

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 455.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 367.

Alternative A 33-VIII - This alternative replaces vacuum filtration in
Alternative A 33-V with spray irrigation of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,608,540
                      Total yearly cost:      $  771,590

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 456.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that three operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent

Alternative A 33-IX - This alternative provides in  addition to Alter-
native A 33-VIII dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.60 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,654,390
                      Total yearly cost:      $  782,300
                                1364

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 454

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-VI
                         (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  HASTEkATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  99.2  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MODULESi
                   Bl. .CONTROL  HGLSE
                   B...PUMPING  STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                   E...CLARIFIER
                   H...NITROGEN  ADDITION
                   I...PHOSPHORUS  ADDITION
                   K...ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                   0...SLUDGE THICKENER
                   R...AEROBIC  OIGESTOR
                   S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                   Y...HOLDING  TANK
                   N...DUAL  MEDIA  PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
               TCTAL
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                      1682670.00
                        48810.00
                       186290.00
                       188290.00
                      2308260.00
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
CCSTSl
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
               TOTAL
 37480.00
275600.00
118940.00
 59620.00
491640.00
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST U91640.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          92330.00
               3. DEPRECIATION          112970.00
               TOTAL                    696940.00
                         1365

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 455

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-VII
                        (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR hASTEMTCR TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.6 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULESi
                  Bl
                  B.
                  C.
                  E.
                  H.
                  I.
                  K.
                  G.
                  P.
                  3.
                  Y.
                  N.
                  Z.
        .CONTROL WCLSE
        .PUMPING STATION
        .EQUALIZATION BASIN
        .CLARIFIER
        .NITROGEN ADDITION
        .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
        .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
        .SLUDGE THICKENER
        .AERCBIC DIGESTOR
        .VACUUM FILTRATION
        .HOLDING TANK
        .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTPA'N
        .ACTIVATED CARBON ABSORPTION
INVESTMENT CCSTSi
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
      CONSTRUCTION
      LAND
      ENGINEERING
      CONTINGENCY
2396150.00
  48610.00
 239610.00
 239810.00
2926580.00
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSt
               1.  LABOR                 37480.00
               2.  POKER                292980.00
               3.  CHEMICALS            118940.00
               4.  MA1NTENANCE&SLPPLIES  86930.00
               TOTAL                    536330.00
TOTAL YEARLY
COSTSl
  1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 536330.00
  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
     COST RECOVERY         117060.00
  3. DEPRECIATION          U3890.00
  TOTAL                    797280.00
                          1366

-------
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                  2*27.0
                  7702.*
                  22S«.7
                  2ojs.»
                  1606.S
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                  »86.0
                      4c.oc     4t.ee    «2.ee     «j.ee
                                                15. ce     «».eo    «7.oo


                                                EFFICIENCY
                                                             FIGURE 367



                                INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COST FOR SUBCATEGORY  A 33, ALT.  VII
                                                                                                            leo.oe

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 456


       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-VIII
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED  CCST  SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  96.4 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MGDULESj
                   Bi
                   B.
                   C.
                   E.
                   H.

                   I.
                   K.

                   0.
                   P.
                   Y.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CLARIFIER
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC CIGESTOR
  .HOLDING TANK
  .SPRAY IRRIGATION
 INVESTMENT  COSTS?
                i.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
2152260.00
  25620.00
 215230.00
 215230.00
2606540.00
                TOTAL


 YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTSl
                1.   LABOR                  37480.00
                2.   POWER                 361610.00
                3.   CHEMICALS             77230.00
                4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES  41790.00
                TOTAL                     538110.00


 TOTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST 538110.00
                2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                   CCST  RECOVERY         104340.00
                3.  DEPRECIATION          129140.00
                TOTAL                     771590.00
                         1368

-------
  DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 457,   It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It 1s further
assumed that three operators are required,

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99,2 percent
                                    SS:  98,7 percent

Alternative A 33-X - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-IX activated carbon adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load is 0.40 kg/kkg (0,80 Ib/ton),

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,272,710
                      Total yearly cost:      $  882,620

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 458.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that three operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 368.

Alternative A 33-XI - This alternative provides a control  house, multi-
effect evaporation of high strength waste with all necessary feed and
by-product storage and pumping, flow equalization, nutrient addition,
and an aerated lagoon system to treat evaporator condensate and all
other low strength wastes.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,925,790
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,311,960

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 459.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

In addition to the segregation of process water and the reuse of third
separation beer, it is assumed that evaporation treats  50  percent of
total  plant flow (spent beer) containing 75 percent of  the BOD and
suspended solids.  Evaporator removal efficiency is  90  percent of the
BOD and 99 percent of the suspended solids  in spent beer.   It is recog-
nized that evaporation may require additional boiler and cooling capacity
not reflected in the costs presented.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent
                               1369

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 457

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-IX
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEkATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.2 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   Bl
                   B.
                   C.
                   E.
                   H.
                   I.
                   K.
                   a.
                   R.
                   Y.
                   U.
                   N.
   CONTROL HCUSE
   PUMPING STATION
   EQUALIZATION BASIN
   CLARIFIER
   NITROGEN ADDITION
   PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
   ACTIVATED SLUDGE
   SLUDGE THICKENER
   AEROBIC DIGESTOR
   HOLDING TANK
   SPRAY IRRIGATION
   DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE
   FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CCNSTPUCTICN
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
2190470.00
  25820.00
 219050.00
 219050.00
2654390.00
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
                1.  LABOR                 37480.00
                2.  PCHER                387560.00
                3.  CHEMICALS             77230.00
                «.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES  42420.00
                TOTAL                    544690.00

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 544690.00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY         106180.00
                3. DEPRECIATION          131430.00
                TOTAL                    782300.00

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 458

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-X
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY,.. 99.6  PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES?
                   Bl
                   B.
                   C.
                   E.
                   M.
                   I.
                   K.
                   Q.
                   R.
                   Y.
                   U.
                   N.
                   Z.
  .CONTROL HCISE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CLARIFIER
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC DIGESTOR
  .HOLDING TANK
  .SPRAY IRRIGATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
  .ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION"
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
2705750.00
  25620.00
 270570.00
 270570.00
3272710.00
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSj
                1.  LABOR                  37460.00
                2.  PGMER                 404940.00
                3.  CHEMICALS              77230.00
                4.  MAINTF.NANCE&SUPPLIES   69720.00
                TOTAL                     589370.00

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST  589370.00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY          130910.00
                3. DEPRECIATION           162340.00
                TOTAL                     882620.00
                          1371

-------
                 327J.O
CO
•-J
ro
         U.
         o

         10
         o
         O
                 2772.6
                 2522.a
                 2272.2
                2622.0
1771.
                 1SJ1.6
                 127}.a
                 1021.2
                 77J.O
9c.cc     91.00
«3.oe
                                                 <«.cc    «».co


                                                EFFICIENCY
                                                                                    «T.CO     «e.eo     ««.oo    100.00
                                                              FIGURE 368



                                INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY A 33,  ALT.  X

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 459

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XI
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR KA8TEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.a PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES:
                   81
                   Y.
                   B.
                   Y.
                   B.
                   Fl
                   C.
                   H.
                   I.
                   L.
              .CONTROL
              .HOLDING
              .PUMPING
              .HOLDING
              .PUMPING
              .MULTIPLE
             HCUSE
             TANK
             STATION
             TANK
             STATION
              EFFECT
EVAPORATOR
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .NITROGEN AUDITION
              .PHOSPHORUS APDITICN
              .AERATED LAGOON
 INVESTMENT COSTS:
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 a.
                 5.
            CCNSTRUCTTCN
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                 TOTAL
                      3230260.00
                        12910.00
                       323030.00
                       323030.00
                        36560.00
                      3925790.00
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
CCSTS»
  LABOR
  PCI^ER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
  PVC LINER
                                                 00
                                                 00
                TOTAL
   74970.
  771200.
   34610.00
   76630.00
    1660.00
  959290.00
 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                 1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST  959290.00
                 2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                    COST  RECOVERY          157030.00
                 3.  DEPRECIATION           195640.00
                 TOTAL                    1311960.00
                          1373

-------
  DRAFT
Alternative A 33^X11 - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-XI dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1,62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1,62 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,971,660
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,322,680

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 460.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.2 percent
                                    SS:  98.7 percent

Alternative A 33-XI11 - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-XII activated carbon adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.62 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.40 kg/kkg (0.80 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,589,990
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,423,000

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 461.   It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99,3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 369.

Alternative A 33-XIV - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon
system in Alternative A 33-XI with primary clarification,  a complete-
mix activated sludge system, sludge thickening, aerobic digestion, and
vacuum filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,173,620
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,162,480

An itemized breakdwon of costs is presented in Table 462.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed  that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent
                               1374

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 460

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XII
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY,.. 99.2 PERCENT BOO REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MQDULESt
                   Bl
        .CONTROL
        .HOLDING
                   B
                   B.
        .HOLDING
        .PUMPING
                       HCUSE
                       TANK
                       STATION
                       TANK
                       STATION
           Fi..MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR
           C,..EQUALIZATION BASIN
           H...MTSC6EN ADDITION
           I...PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
           L...AERATED LAGOON
           N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT  COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                TCTAL
                          3268
-------
   «s«o.o
    «2ft2.l
§   J9JH.2
    J»0».l
    3Z»». &
9
<
    224«.7
o
    tilt. 0
                                                                                  Y ——— Y
«t.co    «2.eo
 «<.ce     «».co    97. se     ta.eo
EFFICIENCY
                                                                                      <«.oo   too.oo
                                                FIGURE  369
                INVESTWEMT  AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY A33, ALT. VIII

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 461

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XIII
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  KASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.6  PERCENT  BCD REDUCTION
TREATMENT  MODULES!
                      .CONTROL
                      .HOLDING
                      .PUMPING
                      .HOLDING
                      .PUMPING
                      .MULTIPLE
                 HOUSE
                 TANK
                 STATION
                 TANK
                 STATION
                  EFFECT
EVAPORATOR
                      .EQUALIZATION BASIN
                      .NITROGEN  ADDITION
                      .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                      .AERATED LAGOON
                      .DUAL  MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
                      .ACTiVATED"CARBO~N ADSORPTION
 INVESTMENT  CCSTSt
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
      CONSTRUCTION
      LAND
      ENGINEERING
      CONTINGENCY
      PVC LINER
                TOTAL
 3763760.00
   12910.00
  378380.00
  378380.00
   36560.00
 4569990.00
YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTSt
                1.   LABOR
                2.   POWER
                3.   CHEMICALS
                4.
                5.
                            74970.00
                           7Q4530.00
                            34810.00
      MA1NTENANCE&SUPPLIES 104560.00
      PVC LINER              1680.00
                TOTAL
                          1010550.00
TOTAL  YEARLY
COSTS t
  i. YEARLY OPERATING COSTIOIOSSO.OO
  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
     COST RECOVERY         1P3600.00
  3, DEPRECIATION          228850.00
  TOTAL                   1423000.00
                          1377

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 462

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XIV
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUGARY FOR WASTEkATER TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.4 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                       CONTROL
                       PUMPING
                       HOLDING
                       PUMPING
                       HOLDING
                       MULTIPLE
                       HCUSE
                       STATION
                       TANK
                       STATION
                       TANK
                        EFFECT
                     EVAPCRATCR
                       EQUALIZATION BASIN
                       CLASIFIER
                       NITROGEN ADDITION
                       PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                       ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                       SLLDGE THICKENER
                       AERCBIC DIGESTOR
                       VACUUM FILTRATION
                       HOLDING TANK
 INVESTMENT COSTS:
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                TOTAL
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                      3437350.00
                        48810.00
                       343730.00
                       343730.00
                      4173620.00
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTS:
  LABOR
                TOTAL
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
 74970.00
608990.00
 32730.00
 72610.00
789300.00
 TOTAL YEARLY
      COSTSI
        1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 789300.00
        2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
           COST RECOVERY         166940.00
        3. DEPRECIATION          206240.00
                TOTAL
                                1162480.00
                          1378

-------
  DRAFT

Alternative A 33-XV ^ This alternative provides in addition to
Alternative A 33-XIV dual media filtration,

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3,24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.62 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,219,500
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,173,190

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 463,  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.2 percent
                                    SS:  98.7 percent

Alternative A 33-XVI - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native XV activated carbon adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1,6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.40 kg/kkg (0.80 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,837,810
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,273,520

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 464,  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 370.

Alternative A 33-XVII - This alternative replaces vacuum filtration
in Alternative A 33-XIV with spray irrigation of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 3.23 kg/kkg (6.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,199,160
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,141,040

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 465.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.4 percent
                                    SS:  97.3 percent
                                1379

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 463

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XV
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOP  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.2  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES:
                   Bl.,CONTROL
                   B...PUMPING
                              HCUSE
                              STATION
                  Y...HOLDING TANK
                  8...PUMPING STATION
                  Y...MOLDING TANK
                  Fl.. MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR
                  C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                  E...CLARIFIER
                  H...NITROGEN ADDITION
                  I...PHCSPHORUS ADDITION
                  K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                  C...SLUDGE THICKENER
                  R...AEROBIC DIGESTOR
                  S...VACUUM FILTRATION
                  Y...HOLDING TANK
                  N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
 INVFSTMENT  CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                a.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CONTINGENCY
               TCTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
3475570.00
  48810.00
 347560.00
 347560.00
4219500.00
                    POWER
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAINTENANCE&8LPPLIES
                                         74970.
                                        614940.
                                         32730.
                                         73240.
        00
        00
        00
        00
                TCTAL
                                        795880.00
TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 795860.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
                                         168780.00
                                         208530.00
                TOTAL
                                       1173190,00
                         1380

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 464

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XVI
                        (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.6
       HASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
       PERCENT BOO REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULESi
                      CONTROL
                      PUMPIMG
                      HOLDING
                      PUMPING
                      HOLDING
                      MULTIPLE
           HCUSE
           STATION
           TANK
           STATION
           TANK
            EFFECT
EVAPCRATCR
                      EQUALIZATION BASIN
                      CLAPIFIEB
                      NITROGEN ADDITION
                      PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                      ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                      SLUDGE THICKENER
                      AEROBIC DIGESTOR
                      VACUUM FILTRATION
                      HOLDING TANK
                      DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
                      ACTIVATED CA'RBO: ADSORPTION
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL
 3990840.00
   46810.00
  399060.00
  399080.00
 4637810.00
YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSI
               1.  LABOR                 7«970.00
               2.  POWER                632320.00
               3.  CHEMICALS             32730.00
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES 100540.00
               TOTAL                    840560.00

TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 840560.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY         193510.00
               3. DEPRECIATION          239450.00
               TOTAL                   1273520.00
                          1381

-------
co
CO
ro
                otoi.e
                373?. 2
                33*7.
             

             i
             O
«i.oo     «2.oe    <3.ee

-------
  DRAFT
                         TABLE 465

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XVII
                          (YEAST)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WA8TEWATER TREATMENT CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 96.fl PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  81
                  B.
                  Y.
                  B.
                  Y.
                  Fl
                  C.
                  E,
                  H.
                  I.
                  K.
                  0.
                  R.
                  Y.
                  U.
   CONTROL
   PUMPING
   HOLDING
   PUMPING
   HOLDING
   MULTIPLE
HCUSE
STATION
TANK
STATION
TANK
 EFFECT
EVAPORATOR
   EQUALIZATION BASIN
   CLARIFIEP
   NITROGEN ADDITION
   PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
   ACTIVATED SLUDGE
   SLUDGE THICKENER
   AEROBIC DIGESTOR
   HOLDING TANK
   SPRAY IRRIGATION
INVESTMENT CCSTSt
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
         3«50020.00
           59140.00
          345000.00
          345000.00
         4199160.00
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSJ
               1.  LABOR                 74970.00
               2.  POWER                602310.00
               3.  CHEMICALS             23370.00
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SIPPLIES  65420.00
               TCTAL                    766070.00

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 766070.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY         167970.00
               3. DEPRECIATION          207000.00
               TCTAL                   1141040.00
                           1383

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative A 33-XVIII - This alternative provides in addition to
Alternative A 33-XVII dual media filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.62 kg/kkg (3.24 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.62 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,245,020
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,151,740

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 466.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.2 percent
                                    SS:  98.7 percent

Alternative A 33-XIX - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native A 33-XVIII activated carbon adsorption.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is' 0.40 kg/kkg (0.80 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $4,836,350
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,252,070

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 467.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99.6 percent
                                    SS:  99.3 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 371.

Alternative A 33-XX - This alternative provides a holding tank and spray
irrigation of the effluent.

The resulting waste load is zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $1,056,800
                      Total yearly cost:      $  108,630

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 468.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that six operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory A 34 - Peanut Butter PTants
with Jar Washing.

A model plant representative of subcategory A 34 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alternatives.
                                1384

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 466

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XVIII
                        (YEAST)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR WASTEUATER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  99.2 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULES}
                        CONTROL
                        PUMPING
                        HOLDING
                        PUMPING
                        HOLDING
                        MULTIPLE
                       HCtSE
                       STATION
                       TAKK
                       STATION
                       TANK
                        EFFECT
                       EVAPORATOR
                        EQUALIZATION BASIN
                        CLAPIFIF.R
                        NITROGEN ADDITION
                        PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                        ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                        SLUDGE THICKENER
                        AERCBIC DIGESTOR
                        HOLDING TANK
                        SPRAY IRRIGATION
                        DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
  INVESTMENT CCSTS:
                 1.
                 H.
                 3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
    CONTINGENCY
TCTAL
                                3488240.00
                                  59140.00
                                 348620.00
                                 346820.00
                                4245020.00
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
  CCSTSi
    LABOR
    POWER
    CHEMICALS
    CAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                 TCTAL
 74970.00
606260.00
 23370.00
 66050.00
772650.00
  TCTAL  YEARLY CCSTSi
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 772650.00
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY         169800.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION          209290.00
                 TOTAL                   1151740.00
                         1385

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 467

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XIX
                        (YEAST)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.6 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES:
                       CONTROL
                       PUMPING
                       HOLDING
                       PUMPING
                       HOLDING
                       MULTIPLE
                       HOUSE
                       STATION
                       TANK
                       STATION
                       TANK
                        EFFECT
                     EVAPCRATGR
                       EQUALIZATION BASIN
                       CLARIFIED
                       NITROGEN ADDITION
                       PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
                       ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                       SLtOGE THICKENER
                       AEROBIC DIGESTOR
                       HOLDING TANK
                       SPRAY IRRIGATION
                       DjJAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
                       ACTIVATED CAfiBCN ACSCRPTI'CN
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                TCTAL
                      4003510.00
                        59140,00
                       400350.00
                       400350.00
                      4863350.00
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTS:
  LABOR
  POI*ER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCERSUPPLIES
                TCTAL
 74970.00
625640.00
 23370,00
 93350.00
817330.00
 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 617330,00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECOVERY         194530.00
                3, DEPRECIATION          240210.00
                TOTAL                   1252070.00
                          1386

-------
fa
W   37«T.J
    sooa.5
    26)0.2
    221T.9

         «o.oo    «t.co    «j.oo     «j.e«    «*.e«     tj^es    «».ce     ir.'ee    «el

                                                EFFICIENCY

                                                 FIGURE  371

               INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COST FOR SUBCATEGORY A  33, ALT. XIX

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 468

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A33-XX
                        (YEAST)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

  TREATMENT MODULESi
                    Y...HOLDING TANK
                    U,.,SPRAY IRRIGATION

  INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                 1.   CONSTRUCTION         686310.00
                 2.   LAND                 233230.00
                 3.   ENGINEERING           68630.00
                 4.   CONTINGENCY           6Bfc30.00
                 TOTAL                   1056800.00

  YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                 1.   LABOR                  2500.00
                 2.   PC*ER                  7640.00
                 3.   CHEMICALS                 0.0
                 4.   MAINTFNANCE&8UPPLIES  15040.00
                 TOTAL                     25180.00

  TOTAL  YEARLY COSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST  25180.00
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY          42270.00
                 3,  DEPRECIATION           41180,00
                 TOTAL                    108630.00
                           388

-------
 DRAFT


In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for zero discharge
for the model plant.

Alternative A 34-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a peanut butter plant practicing jar washing is 2800 1 (740 gal) per day.

It is assumed that wastes associated with jar washing and cleanup are
segregated from non-contact water discharges.

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative A 34-11 - This alternative provides a holding tank and
spray irrigation.

The resulting BOD waste load is zero, the suspended solids load is
zero, and the oil and grease load is zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $37,920
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 5,190

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 469.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that no operators are required.

It is assumed that wastes associated with jar washing and cleanup are
segregated from non-contact water discharges.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent
                                   O&G:  100 percent

Alternative A 34-1II - This alternative provides a holding tank and
truck hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is zero, the suspended solids load is
zero, and the oil and grease load is zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $23,800
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 2,400

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 470.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that no operators are required.

It is assumed that wastes associated with jar washing and cleanup are
segregated from non-contact water discharges.
                                 1389

-------
DRAFT
                          TABLE 469

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A34-II
            (PEANUT BUTTER WITH JAR WASHING)
  ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  HASTEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...IOC.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

  TREATMENT  MODULES}
                     Y...HOLDING TAKK
                     U.,. SPRAY IRRIGATION

  INVESTMENT  COSTS}
                  1.   CONSTRUCTION          29160.00
                  2.   LAND                   2920.00
                  3.   ENGINEERING            2920.00
                  «.   CONTINGENCY            2920.00
                  THAI.                      37920.00

  YEARLY OPERATING  COSTS:
                  1.   LAbOR                      0.0
                  2.   PCI*ER                    euo.oo
                  3.   'CHEMICALS                 o.o
                  4.   MAINTENAMCERSLPPLIFS   1080.00
                  TCTAL                       1920.00

  TOTAL  YEARLY  CCSTSl
                  1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST   1920.00
                  2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY           1520.00
                  3.  DEPRECIATION            1750.00
                  TOTAL                       5190.00
                          1390

-------
DRAFT
                          TABLE 470

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A34-III
            (PEANUT BUTTER WITH JAR WASHING)
   ITEMIZED COST StMMARY  FOR  MSTSUkTEft TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION

   TREATMENT MODULES!
                      Y.,.HOLDING  TANK
                      V,..  TRUCK  HAILING

   INVESTMENT COSTS!
                   1.   CONSTRICTION           8450.00
                   2.   LAND                   2670.00
                   3.   ENGINEERING             840.00
                   «.   CONTINGENCY             840,00
                   TCTAL                      12800.00

   YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSi
                   1.   LABOR                      0.0
                   2.   PCI*EP                      0.0
                   3.   CHEMICALS                  0.0
                   4.   MAINTENANCEISIPPLIES   1380.00
                   TOTAL                       1380.00

   TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                   i.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST   iseo.oo
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST RFCCVERY            510.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION             510.00
                   TCTAL                       2400.00
                         1391

-------
 DRAFT
              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent
                                   O&G:  100 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategory A 35 - Peanut Buttler Plants
Without Jar Washing"!

A model plant representative of subcategory A 35 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.

Alternative A 35-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
peanut butter plant not practicing jar washing is 757 1  (200 gal  ) per
day.

It is assumed that cleanup wastewater is segregated from all non-contact
water discharges.

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative A 35-11 - This alternative provides a holding tank and spray
irrigation.

The resulting BOD waste load is zero, the suspended solids load is
zero, and the oil and grease load is zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $37,170
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 5,120

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 471.   It is  assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It  is further
assumed that no operators are required.

It is assumed that all cleanup wastewater is segregated  from non-contact
water discharged.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent
                                   O&G:  100 percent

Alternative A 35-1II - This alternative provides a holding tank and truck
hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is zero, the suspended solids load is
zero, and the oil and grease load is zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $12,710
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 1,560
                                1392

-------
 DRAFT
                          TABLE 471

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A35-II
             (PEANUT BUTTER WITHOUT JAR WASHING)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  I«ASTE*ATER  TREATMENT CHAIN   YU
DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0  PERCENT  ROD REDUCTION

TREATMENT MQDULESl
                  Y...HOLDING  TAK'K
                  L...SPRAY  IRRIGATION

INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               i.  CCNSTRUCTICM           28700.00
               2.  LAND                    2730.00
               3.  ENGINEERING            2870.00
               4.  CCNTINGENCY            2870.00
               TOTAL                      37170.00

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
               1.  LABOR                      0.0
               2.  PChER                    830.00
               3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
               4.  MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES   1080.00
               TOTAL                       1910.00

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTS:
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST   1910.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY            1490.00
               3. DEPRECIATION            1720.00
               TCTAL                       5120.00
                           1393

-------
 DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 472.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that no operators are required.

It is assumed that cleanup wastewater is segregated from all non-contact
water discharged.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent
                                   O&G:  100 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment
Technologies for Subcategdry A 36 - Pectin

A model plant representative of subcategory A 36 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, ten alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 1.8 kkg (2.0 ton)
of unfinished pectin per day.

Alternative A 36-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
1.8 kkg (2.0 ton) per day plant is 1530 cu m (0.404 MG) per day.  The
BOD waste load is 4128 kg/kkg (8256 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 1751 kg/kkg (3502 Ib/ton).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative A 36-11 - This alternative consists of a pumping station, a
holding tank, and spray irrigation of the raw waste effluent.  Truck
hauling of water softening regenerate, diatomaceous filter cake and
sluice water, and alcohol still  bottoms is also provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is zero, and the suspended solids load is
zero.

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $605,360
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 61,450

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 473.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that no operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                    SS:  100 percent

Alternative A 36-111 - This alternative consists of a pumping station,
a flow equalization tank, caustic neutralization, complete-mix activated
sludge basins, sludge thickening, aerobic digestion, and vacuum filtration.
                                1394

-------
DRAFT
                          TABLE 472

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A35-III
            (PEANUT BUTTER WITHOUT JAR WASHING)
    ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP I»A3TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT BOD  PEDUCTION

    TREATMENT MODULESi
                      Y...HOLDING TANK
                      V... TRUCK HAILING

    INVESTMENT CCSTSJ
                   1.  CONSTRUCTION            8360.00
                   2.  LAND                    2670.00
                   3,  ENGINEERING              840.00
                   4,  CONTINGENCY              SdQ.OO
                   TCTAl                       12710.00

    YEARLY OPERATING COSTS»
                   1.  LABOR                      0.0
                   2.  POI*ER                      0.0
                   3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
                   «.  MAINTENANCF8SUPPLIES     550.00
                   TCTAL                         550.00

    TCTAL  YEARLY COSTS!
                   1. YEARLY CPEPAT1KG COST     550.00
                   2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                      CCST RECCVERY             510.00
                   3. DEPRECIATION              500.00
                   TOTAL.                        1560.00
                           1395

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 473

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-II
                       (PECTIN)
 TEMIZEO COST SUMMARY FOR KA8TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 ESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0 PERCENT 800 REDUCTION
 REATMENT MODULES!
 NVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
                  Y...HOLDING TANK
                  U...SPRAY IRRIGATION
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

 EARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  M.INTENANCERSUPPLIES
               TOTAL

 OTAL  YEARLY CCSTSl
               i. YEARLY CPERATJKG COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
389020.00
138540.00
 38900.00
 38900.00
605360.00
                          0.0
                       4620.00
                          0.0
                       9280.00
                       13900.00
                       13900.00

                       24210.00
                       23340.00
                       61450.00
                         1396

-------
 DRAFT
Truck hauling of water softening regenerate, diatomaceous  filter cake and
sluice water and alcohol still bottoms is also provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is 208.5 kg/kkg (417.0 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load is 175.1 kg/kkg (350.2 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,315,170
                      Total yearly cost:       $1,032,870

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 474.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is
further assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94.9 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent

Alternative A 36-IV - This alternative replaces the vacuum filtration
module of alternative A 36-1II with sand drying beds.

The resulting BOD waste load is 208.5 kg/kkg (417.0 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load is 175.1 kg/kkg (350.2 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,697,430
                      Total yearly cost:       $1,282,820

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 475.   It is
assumed that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).  It is
further assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94.9 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent

Alternative A 36-V - This alternative replaces the vacuum  filtration
module of alternative A 36-111 with spray irrigation of digestor sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 208.5 kg/kkg (417.0 Ib/ton),  and the
suspended solids load is 175.1 kg/kkg (350.2 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,322,150
                      Total yearly cost:       $1,007,310

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 476.   It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94.9 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent

Alternative A 36-VI - This alternative consists of a pumping  station, a
flow equalization tank, and an aerated lagoon.  Truck hauling of alcohol
still bottoms, diatomaceous filter cake and sluice water,  and water
                                1397

-------
 DRAFT
                        TABLE 474

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-III
                        (PECTIN)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY POP WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 94.9 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  81
                  B.
                  C.
                  G.
                  K.
                  C.
                  R.
                  3.
                  V.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .ECUALIZATION BASIN
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLLDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC OIGESTOR
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .HAULING
INVESTMENT CCSTSi
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
1895990.00
  39980.00
 169600.00
 169600.00
2315170.00
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING COSTSf
               1.  LABOR                  49960.00
               2.  POWER                 392410.00
               3,  CHEMICALS              18230.00
               <*•  MAWENANCE&SIPPLIES  365860.00
               TOTAL                     826500.00

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSi
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  826500.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY           92610.00
               3. DEPRECIATION           113760.00
               TOTAL                   1032870.00
                           1398

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 475

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-IV
                       (PECTIN)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEKATEP  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9*1.9 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES!
                    Bl
                    B.
                    C.
                    G,
                    K.
                    a.
                    R.
                    T.
  .CONTROL HCLSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC DIGESTOR
  .SAND DRYING BEDS
  .HAULING
  INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
3064390.00
  20160.00
 306440.00
 306440.00
3697430.00
  YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
                 1.  LABOR                  49980.00
                 2.  POKER                 383930.00
                 3.  CHEMICALS               8010.00
                 4.  MAINTENANCERSUPPLIES  50*5140.00
                 TOTAL                     951060.00

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  951060.00
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY          147900.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION           183860.00
                 TOTAL                    1282820.00
                          1399

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 476

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-V
                       (PECTIN)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEWATER TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 94.9 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES?
                   01
                   B.
                   C.
                   R.
                   K.
                   0.
                   P.
                   V.
                   U.
                   v.
  .CONTROL HCLSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC DIGESTOR
  .HOLDING TANK
  .SPRAY IRRIGATION
  .HAULING
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL
1923660.00
  13490.00
 192390.00
 192390.00
2322150.00
 YEARLY OPERATING COSTSi
                1.  LABOR                  49980.00
                2.  POKEP                 364900.00
                3.  CHEMICALS               8010.00
                4.  MAINTENANCEISUPPLIES  356100.00
                TOTAL                     798990.00

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST  798990.00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY           92890.00
                3. DEPRECIATION           115430.00
                TCTAL                    1007310.00
                          1400

-------
 DRAFT

softening regenerate is also provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is 208.5 kg/kkg (417.0 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 175.1 kg/kkg (350.2 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $737,920
                      Total yearly cost:      $658,860

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 477.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one full-time and one-half time operator is
required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  94.9 percent
                                    SS:  90.0 percent

Alternative A 36-VII - This alternative provides dual  media  filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 36-111.

The resulting BOD waste load is 104.3 kg/kkg (208.6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 83.4 kg/kkg (167.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,352,740
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,041,740

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 478.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is
further assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.5 percent
                                    SS:  95.2 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 372.

Alternative A 36-VIII - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 36-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 104.3 kg/kkg (208.6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 83.4 kg/kkg (167.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $3,734,990
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,291,530

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 479.   It is assumed
that land costs $20,510 per hectare ($8300 per acre).   It is further
assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97,5 percent
                                    SS:  95.2 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 373.
                                1401

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 477

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-VI
                       (PECTIN)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOB WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9«.9 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES*
                    P...PULPING STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    L... AERATED LAGOON
                    V..,HAILING
  INVESTMENT COSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
                 5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
                 TOTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
CCSTSt
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  HAINTENANCERSUPPLIFS
  PVC LINER
                 TOTAL
                       590200.00
                         8660.00
                        59020.00
                        59020.00
                        21020.00
                       737920.00
 187UO.OO
226180.00
     0.0
346990.00
   970.00
592880.00
 TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTS!
                 1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST 592880.00
                 2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                    COST  RECOVERY           29520.00
                 3.  DEPRECIATION            36*160.00
                 TOTAL                     658860.00
                          1402

-------
                       TABLE 478

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-VII
                       (PECTIN)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FDR  MSTEKATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIRN EFFICIENCY.., 97.5  PERCENT  ROD  REDUCTION

TREATMENT MODULES!
                  B1..COMRGL HCU9E
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                  6...CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
                  *...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                  Q...SLUDGE THICKENER
                  P...AEROBIC DIGESTOR
                  8...VACUUM FILTRATION
                  V...HAULING
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N

INVESTMENT COSTS:
               1.  CONSTRUCTION        1927300.00
               2.  LAND                  39980.00
               3.  ENGINEERING          192730.00
               4.  CONTINGENCY          192730.00
               TOTAL                   2352700.00

YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
               1.  LABOR                 49980.00
               2.  POWER                397390.00
               3.  CHEMICALS     .       18230.00
               4.  MAINTFNANCE&SUPPLIES 366390.00
               TOTAL                    831990.00

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
               i. YEARLY OPERATING COST 331990.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          94110.00
               3. DEPRECIATION          115640.00
               TOTAL                   1041740.00
                          1403

-------
    JJ?3.C 1
    J22C.9
    ar?«.» i
          i
          i
          i
          i
    1956.7 I
          I
    l??;.e I
          I
05  Ie
-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 479

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-VIII
                       (PECTIN)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.5 PERCENT 600 REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES!
                  91..CONTROL. HOUSE
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                  G...CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
                  K...ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                  Q...SLUDGE THICKENER
                  R...AEROBIC DIGESTCR
                  T...SANO DRYING BEDS
                  V...HAULING
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CGST.SI
               i.
               2.
               3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
    CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
                                  20160.00
                                 309570.00
                                 309570.00
                                3734990.00
YEARLY
OPEPATUG
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
  CCSTS»
    LABOR
    POER
    CHEMICALS
    PAINTFNANCE&SIPPLIE8
               TOTAL
 49980.00
388920.00
  8010.00
509460.00
956390.00
TOTAL YEARLY
      COSTS!
        1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 956390,00
        2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
           COST RECOVERY         U9400.00
        3. DEPRECIATION          185740.00
               TOTAL
                                 1291530.00
                          1405

-------
                          37J5.0
o
CT>
                       §  3^'':
                          2*00.1

                          HV.o
                       hH  •«.; 7 \
                       Q.
                                        «-.;;.     «j.c«     o-i.rc    *-.c:     «5.cc    «».oc     97.eo    ?e.co     «9.oo    joc.oe


                                                                   EFFICENCY


                                                              FIGURE  373


                                     INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY A36, ALT.  IV, VIII

-------
  DRAFT

Alternative A 36-IX - This alternative provides dual  media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 36-V.

The resulting BOD waste load is 104.3 kg/kkg (208.6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 83.4 kg/kkg (167.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $2,359,710
                      Total yearly cost:      $1,016,190

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 480.  It is assumed
that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is further
assumed that four operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.5 percent
                                    SS:  95.2 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 374.

Alternative A 36-X - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative A 36-VI.

The resulting BOD waste load is 104.3 kg/kkg (208.6 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 83.4 kg/kkg (167.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $775,490
                      Total yearly cost:      $667,730

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 481.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one full-time and one half time operator is
required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97.5 percent
                                    SS:  95.2 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 375.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory B 1 - Frozen Prepared Dinners.

A model  plant representative of subcategory B 1 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for
various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces
140 kkg (150 ton) per day.

Alternative B 1-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from 0.140 kkg
per day plant is 1100 cu m (0.3 MG) per day.  The BOD waste load is
16.7 kg/kkq (33.4 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 12.5 kg/kkg
(25 Ib/ton), and the soil and grease load is 16.7 kg/kkg (33.4 Ib/ton).
                                 1407

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 480

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-IX
                       (PECTIN)
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR  WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  97.5  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULES?
                    Bl
                    B.
                    C.
                    G.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    R.
                    v.
                    u.
                    v.
                    8.
                    N.
   CONTROL HOUSE
   PUMPING STATION
   EQUALIZATION BASIN
   CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
   ACTIVATED SLUDGE
   SLtDGE THICKENER
   AEROBIC DIGE8TOP
   HOLDING TANK
   SPRAY IRRIGATION
   HAULING
   PUMPING STATION
   DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
1955180.00
  13490.00
 195520.00
 195520.00
2359710.00
  YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTS*
                 1.   LABOR                 49960.00
                 2.   PCfcER                389890.00
                 3.   CHEMICALS              8010.00
                 4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES 356610.00
                 TOTAL                    80««90.00

  TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTSi
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST 804490.00
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY          94390.00
                 3.  DEPRECIATION          117310.00
                 TOTAL                   1016190.00
                          1408

-------
    ?36C.C
    !<:$<;.I




5   !?'.«.§
H

Z
>

>
    1277.t
    1C07.C i
< i . e e
                                  : 3 . : •:
                                                                   97.cc    
-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 481

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE A36-X
                       (PECTIN)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  WASTFMTCR  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 97.5  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
TREATMENT MCDULESi
                  B.
                  C.
                  L.
                  V.
                  B.
                  N.
              .PUMPING STATION
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .AERATED LAGOON
              .HAULING
              .PUMPING STATION
              .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT COSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3,
               4,
               5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC LINER
               TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2,
        3.
        4.
        5.
COSTSl
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCF&SL'PPLIES
  PVC LINER
               TOTAL
                       621510.00
                         8660.00
                        62150.00
                        62150.00
                        21020.00
                       775490.00
 16740.00
231160.00
     O.C
347500.00
   970.00
598370.00
TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST 596370.00
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY          31020.00
               3. DEPRECIATION           38340.00
               TOTAL                    667730.00
                          1410

-------
    77*.e
    7*4.2
    75?.
fa

(0  7-10.*
    721,8
    717.C
    70S. 2
t   *»«.«
i. os
                                             co    45. «e     «».ee     »7.ee     «e.ec
                                             EFFICIENCY
                                                                   ««.oo    ieo.ee
                                      FIGURE 375


              INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY A 36, ALT.  VI. X

-------
  DRAFT
              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 1-1I - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, dissolved air flotation, and vacuum filtration and sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 6.7 kg/kkg (13.4 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 2.5 kg/kkg (5.0 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
3.3 kg/kkg (6.7 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $244,020
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 85,680

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 482.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  60.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   O&G:  80.0 percent

Alternative B 1-1II - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B l-II a complete-mix activated sludge system with sludge thickening
for the waste activated sludge.  Addition vacuum filter capacity 1s included.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.67 kq/kkg (1.3 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.75 kg/kkg (1.5 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
1.0 kg/kkg (2.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $606,680
                      Total yearly cost:      $169,940

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 483.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.0 percent
                                    SS:  94.0 percent
                                   O&G:  94.0 percent

Alternative B 1-IV - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B l-III a dual media filter.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.33 kg/kkg (0.66 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 0.25 kg/kkg (0.50 Ib/ton), and the oil  and
grease load is 0.50 kg/kkg (1.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $652,580
                      Total yearly cost:      $183,010

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 484.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
                               1412

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 482

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Bl-
                 (FROZEN PREPARED DINNERS)
                      •n:
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...60.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MODULES!
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    B.,.PUMPING STATION
                    J...AIR FLOTATION
                    B...PUMPING STATION
                    S...VACUUM FILTRATION
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSi
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CCNSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTSl
                 1.   LABOR
                 2.   POWER
                 3.   CHEMICALS
                 4.   MAINTENANCE1SIPPLIES
                 TCTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY  COSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
199660.00
  4160.00
 19990.00
 19990.00
244020.00
                      12490.00
                      18460,00
                      14900.00
                      18060.00
                      63930.00
                      63930.00

                       9760.00
                      11990.00
                      65660.00
                          1413

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 483

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Bl-III
                 (FROZEN PREPARED DINNERS)
  ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WA3TEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY,..96.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES!
                     Bl
                     C.
                     B,
                     J.
                     B.
                     8.
                     K.
                     Q.
.CONTROL HCU3E
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.PUMPING STATION
.AIR FLOTATION
.PUMPING STATION
.VACUUM FILTRATION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
  INVESTMENT COSTSl
                  1.   CONSTRUCTION          491680.00
                  2.   LAND                   16660.00
                  3.   ENGINEERING            49170.00
                  4.   CONTINGENCY            49170.00
                  TOTAL                     606660.00

  YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
                  1.   LABOR                  24990.00
                  2.   POWER                  44130.00
                  3.   CHEMICALS              21280.00
                  4.   MAINTENANCE18UPPLXE5  25770.00
                  TOTAL                     116170.00

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
                  1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST 116170.00
                  2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY           24270.00
                  3.  DEPRECIATION            29500.00
                  TOTAL                     169940.00
                           1414

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 484

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE Bl-IV
                 (FROZEN PREPARED  DINNERS)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY...98.0 PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                    Bl
                    C.
                    B.
                    J.
                    B.
                    3.
                    K.
                    Q.
                    B.
                    N.
  .CONTROL HOUSE
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .PUMPING STATION
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .PUMPING STATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1,
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
                1.  LABOR
                2.  POHER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                TOTAL
529940.00
 16660.00
 52990.00
 52990.00
652580.00
                      24990.00
                      52370,00
                      21260,00
                      26470,00
                     125110.00
 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY OPERATING  COST  125110.00
                 2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY           26100.00
                 3.  DEPRECIATION            31800.00
                 TOTAL                     183010.00
                           1415

-------
           tn.o
 V)
b
en
»-
q

>
+**


i
u
           SIM
           ••I.»
           JM.O
           111.1
           111.*
                 c
                 IT
                »o.oe    ••.eo    «t.o«    72.00     T»,OO    10.et     i«.oo    11.11     «>.«•    «».oi    too.e*

                                                        EFFICIENCY



                                          FIGURE   376


                 INVESTMENT AND \tARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY Bl,  ALT. IV

-------
  DRAFT
assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.0 percent
                                 .   SS:  98.0 percent
                                   O&G:  97.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 376.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory B 2 - Frozen Breaded and Battered Specialities

A model plant representative of subcategory B 2 was developed in Section
V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.  In
Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being applicable engineer-
ing alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels of waste
reductions for the model plant which produces 27 kkg (30 tons) of product
per day.

Alternative B 2-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-   ^
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a
27 kkg per day plant is 189 cu m (0.05 MG) per day.  The BOD waste load
is 27.8 kg/kkg (55.6 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 27.8 kg/kkg
(55.6 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is 2.8 kg/kkg (5.6 Ib/ton).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 2-II - This alternative consists of flew equalization,
dissolved air flotation, and vacuum sludge filtration.

The resulting BOD waste load is 11.1 kg/kkg (22.2 Ib/ton), the
suspended solids load is 5.56 kg/kkg (11.1 Ib/ton) and the oil and
grease load is 0.56 kg/kkg (1.1 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $129,770
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 38,670

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 485.  It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that one-half time operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  60.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   O&G:  80.0 percent

Alternative B 2-III - This alternative provides in addition to Alternative
B 2-II an activated sludge system, additional vacuum filtration capacity,
and sludge thickening.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.11 kg/kkg (2.22 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 1.11 kg/kkg (2.22 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
                                1417

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 485

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B2-II
           (FROZEN BREADED AND BATTERED SPECIALTIES)

 ITEMIZED  COST SUMMARY FOR WASTE*ATER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN  EFFICIENCY... 60,0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   B...PUMPING STATION
                   C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                   J...AIR FLOTATION
                   S...VACUUM FILTRATION

 INVESTMENT CCSTSI
                1.   CCNSTRUCTICN         104670.00
                2.   LA NO                   4160.00
                3.   ENGINEERING           10470.00
                «.   CONTINGENCY           10470.00
                TOTAL                    129770.00

 YEARLY  OPERATING  CCSTS!
                1.   LA90R                  6250.00
                2.   PCWFR                  6030.00
                3.   CHEMICALS              4680.00
                4.   MI^TENANCEftSUPPLIES  10240.00
                TOTAL                     27200.00

 TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS*
                1.  YEASLY OPERATING COST  27200.00
                2.  YE.AHLY INVESTMENT
                   CGST  RECOVERY           5190.00
                3.  DEPRECIATION            6280.00
                TOTAL                     38670.00
                              1418

-------
 DRAFT

0.22 kg/kkg (0.44 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $239,580
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 63,640

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 486.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.0 percent
                                    SS:  96.0 percent
                                   O&G:  92.0 percent

Alternative B 2-IV - This alternative provides dual  media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of B 2-1II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.56 kq/kkg (1.1  Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.56 kg/kkg (1.1 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease  load is
0.11 kg/kkg (0.22 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $257,830
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 69,020

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 487.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.0 percent
                                    SS:  98.0 percent
                                   O&G:  96.0 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 377.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory B 3 - Frozen Bakery Products.

A model plant representative of subcategory B 3 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, four alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 114 kkg (125 tons)
of product per day.

Alternative B 3-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no re-
duction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a 114 kkg
per day plant is 114 cu m (0.3 MG) per day.  The BOD waste is 40 kg/kkg
(80 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 30 kg/kkg  (60 Ib/ton), and the
oil and grease load is 10 kg/kkg (20 Ib/ton).

              Costs:               0
              Reduction Benefits:  None
                                1419

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 486

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B2-III
            (FROZEN BREADED AND BATTERED SPECIALTIES)
   ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR KASTEKATEP TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN-  EFFICIENCY...  96.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT  MODULES!
                     B.
                     C.
                     J.
                     s.
                     K.
                     C.
.PULPING STATION
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.AIR FLOTATION
.VACUUM FILTRATION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
  INVESTMENT  CCSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4.  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
  YEARLY  OPERATING  COSTS:
                  1.   LABOR
                  2.   POF.R
                  3.   CHEMICALS
                  4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY  CGSTSi
                  1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                  2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY
                  3.  DEPRECIATION
                  TOTAL
                   102710.00
                     8330.00
                    19270.00
                    19270.00
                   239580.00
                    12490.00
                    12060.00
                     4680.00
                    12870.00
                    42500.00
                    42500.00

                     9580.00
                    11560.00
                    63640.00
                            1420

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 487

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B2-IV
            (FROZEN BREADED AND BATTERED SPECIALTIES)
   ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOP WASTEfcATER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN  EFFICIENCY... 98,0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION  .
   TREATMENT  MODULES:
                     B.
                     C.
                     J.
                     s.
                     K.
                     Q.
                     B.
                     N.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .AIR FLOTATION
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLLCGE THICKENER
  .PUMPING STATION
  .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
   INVESTMENT COSTS:
                  i.
                  2.
                  3.
                  4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CCNTINGENCY
                  TC7AL

   YEARLY  OPERATING COSTS!
                  1.  LABOR
                  2.  POER
                  3,  CHEMICALS
                  4.  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL

   TOTAL  YEARLY COSTS!
                  1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY
                  3. DEPRECIATION
                  TOTAL
207920,
  8330,
 20790,
 20790,
00
00
00
00
                     257830.00
                       12490.00
                       15000<00
                        4680.00
                       14070.00
                       46240.00
                       46240.00

                       10310.00
                       12470.00
                       69020.00
                             1421

-------
l\3
t\3
              U.
              O
              z
              ^H

              H
              o
              s
60.80    »e.oo     »8.o3
                                                             7t.ee     eo.ee    «*.oo     ee.eo    <2.oe    9t.ee    ieo.ee
                                                                   EFFICIENCY
                                                           FIGURE  377

                               INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY  B2,  ALT.  IV

-------
  DRAFT


Alternative B 3-11 - This alternative provides a pumping station,  flow
equalization, dissolved air flotation and vacuum filtration of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 16 kg/kkg (32 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 6.0 kg/kkg (12 Ib/ton) and the oil and grease load  is
2.0 kg/kkg (4.0 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $247,190
                      Total yearly cost:      $ 89,500

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 488.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  60.0 percent
                                    SS:  80.0 percent
                                   O&G:  80.0 percent

Alternative B 3-III - This alternative provides in addition to
Alternative B 3-II a complete-mix activated sludge system with sludge
thickening for waste activated sludge.  Since the wastewater is nutrient
deficit, addition of nitrogen and phosphorus is provided.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.6 kg/kkg (3.2 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 1.8 kg/kkg (3.2 Ib/ton], and the oil  and grease load is
0.6 kg/kkg (1.2 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $804,610
                      Total yearly cost:      $251,790

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 489.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.

              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96.0 percent
                                    SS:  94.0 percent
                                   O&G:  94.0 percent

Alternative B 3-IV - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B 3-1II a dual media filter.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.8 kq/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.6 kg/kkg (1.2 Ib/ton), and the oil  and grease load is
0.3 kg/kkg (0.6 Ib/ton).

              Costs:  Total investment cost:  $850,820
                      Total yearly cost:      $265,250

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 490.   It is assumed
that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It is further
assumed that two operators are required.
                                1423

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 488

            ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B3-II
                    (FROZEN BAKERY PRODUCTS)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOR  WA3TEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY...60.0 PERCENT  BOD  REDUCTION
   TREATMENT MODULES!
                     C...EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                     B...PUMPING  STATION
                     J...AIR  FLOTATION
                     B...PUMPING  STATION
                     S...VACUUM FILTRATION
   INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
  CONSTRUCTION
  LAND
  ENGINEERING
  CONTINGENCY
                  TOTAL
   YEARLY OPERATING
                   1.
                   2.
                   3.
                   4.
COSTS!
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL
202530.00
  4160.00
 20250.00
 20250.00
247190.00
 12490.00
 16600.00
 17020.00
 19350.00
 67460,00
   TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                   1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST  67460.00
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST  RECOVERY            9090.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION            12150.00
                   TOTAL                      89500.00
                           1424

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 489

          ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B3-III
                  (FROZEN BAKERY PRODUCTS)
    ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT CHAIN
    DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...96.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
    TREATMENT MODULESi
                      Bl
                      C.
                      B.
                      J.
                      B.
                      8.
                      H.
                      I.
                      K.
.CONTROL HOUSE
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
.PUMPING STATION
.AIR FLOTATION
.PUMPING STATION
.VACUUM FILTRATION
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
    INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                   1.   CONSTRUCTION         656630.00
                   2.   LAND                  16660.00
                   3.   ENGINEERING           65660.00
                   4.   CONTINGENCY           65660.00
                   TOTAL                    804610.00

    YEARLY OPERATING COSTSl
                   1.   LABOR                 24990.00
                   2.   POWER                 66180.00
                   3.   CHEMICALS             52020.00
                   4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES  37020.00
                   TOTAL                    180210.00

    TOTAL  YEARLY COSTSl
                   1.  YEARLY OPERATING COST 180210.00
                   2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                      COST RECOVERY          32180.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION           39400.00
                   TOTAL                    251790.00
                            1425

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 490
         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B3-IV
                  (FROZEN BAKERY PRODUCTS)  -
   ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WASTEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...98.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
   TREATMENT  MODULES!
                     Bl
                     C.
                     B.
                     J.
                     B.
                     3.
                     H.
                     I.
                     K.
                     Q.
                     B.
                     N.
              .CONTROL HOUSE
              .EQUALIZATION BASIN
              .PUMPING STATION
              .AIR FLOTATION
              .PUMPING STATION
              .VACUUM FILTRATION
              .NITROGEN ADDITION
              .PHOSPHORUS ADDITION
              .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
              .SLUDGE THICKENER
              .PUMPING STATION
              .DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
   INVESTMENT  COSTSl
                  1.
                  2.
                  3.
                  4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                  TOTAL
  YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
COSTSl
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                  TOTAL
                       695140.00
                        16660.00
                        69510.00
                        69510.00
                       850620.00
 24990.00
 74770.00
 52020.00
 37730.00
189510.00
  TOTAL  YEARLY  COSTSl
                  1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST 189510.00
                  2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                     COST  RECOVERY           34030.00
                  3.  DEPRECIATION            41710.00
                  TOTAL                     265250.00
                          1426

-------
  DRAFT
              Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98.0 percent
                                    SS:  98.0 percent
                                   O&G:  97.0 percent

 A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 378.
Cost and Reduction Benefits of A1t.ernatt.ye. Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory B 4 - Tomato - Cheese ~ Starch

A model plant representative of Subcategory B 4 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various
levels of waste reductions for the model plant which produces 36 kkg
(40 tons) of finished product per day.

Alternative B 4-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no reduction
in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from a 36 kkg
per day plant is 378 cu m (0.1 MG) per day.  The BOD waste load is 7.3
kg/kkg (14.6 Ib/ton), the suspended solids load is 4.17 kg/kkg (8.34 Ib/ton),
and the oil and grease load is 2.8 kg/kkg (4.2 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 4-II - This alternative provides a pumping station, flow
equalization, dissolved air flotation, and vacuum filtration of sludge.

The resulting BOD waste load is 4.4 kg/kkg (8.8 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 1.2 kg/kkg (2.4 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load is
0.84 kg/kkg (1.7 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $149,340
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 43,060

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 491.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  40   percent
                                     SS:  70   percent
                                    O&G:  70   percent

Alternative B 4-III - This alternative provides in addition to Alter-
native B 4-II a complete mix activated sludge system with sludge
thickening of the waste activated sludge.  Additional vacuum filter
capacity is included.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.44 kg/kkg (0.88 Ib/ton), the suspended
solids load is 0.42 kg/kkg (0.84 Ib/ton), and the oil and grease load
is 0.28 kg/kkg (0.56 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $297,240
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 79,340
                                 1427

-------
ro
oo
                 O


                 fa

                 CO
                 §
                 u
                            isut
                            TT«.»
tt.OI    *«.fl    M.ll    Tl.flfl
                                                                       EFFICIENCY




                                                         FIGURE 378



                                 INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY B3, ALT. IV
                                                                                                         «»•••   IM.M

-------
DRAFT
                  	TABLE  ~49V

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B4-II
                  (TOMATO-CHEESE-STARCH)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEKATER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY...40.0 PERCENT BCD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULESi
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    B...PUMPING STATION
                    J...AIR FLOTATION
                    B...PUMPING STATION
                    S...VACUUM FILTRATION
  INVESTMENT CC8TSI
                 1.  CONSTRUCTION
                 2,  LAND
                 3.  ENGINEERING
                 4.  CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
  YEARLY  OPERATING
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
CCST88
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTENANCE18UPPLIE8
                 TOTAL
                        120960.00
                         4160.00
                         12100,00
                         12100.00
                        149340.00
12490.00
 6350.00
 2160.00
 6610.00
29630.00
  TOTAL  YEARLY COSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  29830.00
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY           5970.00
                 3. DEPRECIATION            7260.00
                 TOTAL                     43060.00
                            1429

-------
   DRAFT
An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 492.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that two operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:   94   percent
                                     SS:   90   percent
                                    O&G:   90   percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 379.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of AUerhative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategbry B 9 - Chili Pepper and Paprika""

A model plant representative of Subcategory B 9 was  developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which
processes 104 kkg (115 ton) of raw material per day.

Alternative B 9-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 104 kkg per day plant is 1900 cu m (0.5 MG) per day.  The BOD
waste load is  14.5 kg/kkg (29.0 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 9.1 kg/kkg (18.1 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative B 9-1I - This alternative consists of a  control house,
a pumping station, flow equalization, a complete mix activated sludge
system, sludge thickening vacuum filtration and sludge storage.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.02 kg/kkg (2.04 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 1.09 kg/kkg (2.18 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $481,600
                       Total yearly cost:      $130,770

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 493.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:   93.0 percent
                                     SS:   88.0 percent

Alternative B 9-1II - This alternative provides dual media filtration
in addition to the treatment modules of Alternative  B 9-II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.58 kg/kkg (1.16 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.55 kg/kkg (1.10 Ib/ton).
                                 1430

-------
 DRAFT
                       TABLE 492

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B4-III
                  (TOMATO-CHEESE-STARCH)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY,.. 94.0 PERCENT  BCD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MODULES:
                  B.
                  J.
                  6.
                  S.
                  K.
                  G.
                      .EQUALIZATION  BASIN
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .AIR FLOTATION
                      .PUMPING  STATION
                      .VACUUM FILTRATION
                      .ACTIVATED  SLUDGE
                      .SLUDGE THICKENER
INVESTMENT CCSTSi
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CONTINGENCY
               TOTAL

YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSi
               1.  LABOR
               2.  POWER
               3.  CHEMICALS
               4.  MAINTENANCERSL'PPLIES
               TCTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
               1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATIOK
               TCTAL
237290.00
 12490.00
 23730.00
 23730.00
297240.00
                                          24990.00
                                          14120.00
                                           2700.00
                                          11400.00
                                          53210.00
                                          53210.00

                                          11890.00
                                          14240.00
                                          79340.00
                          1431

-------
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z
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>
                  u
                            JS7.0
                            22t.)
                            170.5
18?.C
                             te.s
                             0.0
                                 1C
                                 0.CO     S5.58    «l.c:     ;*.30    «2.C9    tT.SO     ?J.OO    78.SO     Pa.CO     (4.50    45.00



                                                                         EFFICIENCY
                                                                FIGURE   379
                                     INVESTMENT AND  YEARLY  COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY B4,  ALT. Ill

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 493

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B9-II
                   (CHILI PEPPER AND PAPRIKA)
  ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HASTE^ATER TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY... 92.5 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES!
                    PL.TOK'TROL I-CL'SF
                    B,..PUMPING STATION
                    C...EQUALIZATION BASIN
                    K... ACTIVATED SLUDGE
                    G...SLUDGE THICKENER
                    8...VACUUM FILTRATION
                    Y...HOLDING TANK
  INVESTMENT COSTS!
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL
YEARLY
OPERATING
        1
        a
        3
        4
                   COSTS!
                     LABOR
                     CHEMICALS
                     MAINTENANCE&SL'PPLIES
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL  YEARLY COSTS:
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
                                         372180.00
                                          34980.00
                                          37220.00
                                          37220.00
                                         481600.00
                                          37460.00
                                          33310.00
                                           3740.00
                                          14650.00
                                          89160.00
                                   89180.00

                                   19260.00
                                   22330.00
                                  130770.00
                         1433

-------
   DRAFT

               Costs:  Total Investment cost:  $523,790
                       Total yearly cost:      $140,590

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 494.  It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  96 percent
                                     SS:  94 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 380.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 4 - Egg Processing

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 4 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, three alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for
various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which processes
30 kkg (34 ton) of eggs per day.

Alternative C 4-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 30 kkg per day plant is 200 cu m (0.05 MG) per day.  The BOD waste
load is 23 kg/kkg (46 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids load is
5.4 kg/kkg (10.8 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 4-11 - This alternative provides a two-cell aerated lagoon
with a 45 day detention time.

The resulting BOD waste load is 1.15 kg/kkg (2.3 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.81 kg/kkg (1.6 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $246,090
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 48,270

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 495.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  85 percent

Alternative C 4-III - This alternative adds a dual media filter to
Alternative C 4-II.
                                 1434

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 494

           ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE B9-III
                   (CHILI  PEPPER AND PAPRIKA)
  ITEMIZED COST 8LMMARY FOR WASTEfcATER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 96.? PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT MODULES:
                    91
                    B.
                    C.
                    K.
                    Q..
                    S..
                    V..
 ..CONTROL HCUSE
 ..PULPING STATION
 ..EQUALIZATION BASIN
 ..ACTIVATED SLUDGE
 ..SLLDGfc THICKENER
  .VACUUM FILTRATION
  .HOLDING TANK
  .PUMPING STATION
                    N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTPA»N
  INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 a.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                 TOTAL

  YEARLY OPERATING COSTS?
                 1.  LABOR
                 2.  HGfcEH
                 3.  CHEMICALS
                 4.  MHNTENANCE&SUPPLIE8
                 TOTAL

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSl
                 1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                 2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    CCST RECOVERY
                 3. DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
407350,
 34980,
 40730,
 40730,
00
CO
00
00
                     523790.00
                      37480.00
                      33750.00
                       3740.00
                      15230.00
                      95200.00
                      95200.00

                      20950.00
                      24440.00
                     140590.00
                             1435

-------
CO
at
                U.
                O
                U
                          36*.*
                          327.C
287.6
                          20«.e
                          ilc.c
    «o.c:
                             «3.:c
                                                                     EFFICIENCY
                                                             FIGURE  380



                                     INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR  SUBCATEGORY 89,  ALT. Ill
                                                                                                                ioe,oe

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE  495

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C4-II
                    (EGG PROCESSING)
  ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  fcASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
  DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

  TREATMENT MODULES:
                    L...AERATED  LAGOCN
                    L... AERATED  LAGOON

  INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                  1.   CONSTRUCTION          195330.00
                  2.   LAND                    4160.00
                  3.   ENGINEERING           19530.00
                  4.   CONTINGENCY           19530.00
                  5.   PVC LINER               7540.00
                  TOTAL                     246090.00

  YEARLY OPERATING COSTSi
                  1.   LABOR                  12490.00
                  2.   POWER                  10910.00
                  3,   CHEMICALS                  0.0
                  4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES   2660.00
                  5.   PVC LINER                270.00
                  TCTAL                      26330.00

  TOTAL YEARLY COSTSi
                  1. YEARLY OPERATING COST  26330.00
                  2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                    COST RECOVERY            9840.00
                  3. DEPRECIATION           12100.00
                  TCTAL                      46270.00
                         1437

-------
   DRAFT


The resulting BOD waste load is 0.69 kg/kkg (1.38 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load ts 0.16 kg/kkg (0,32 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total Investment cost:  $275,200
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 55,940

An itemized breakdown of costs ts presented in Table 496.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  97 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 381.

Alternative C 4-IV - This alternative provides an anaerobic lagoon with
10 days retention and an aerated lagoon with 6 days retention.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.46 kg/kkg (0.92 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.54 kg/kkg (1.1 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $176,810
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 32,270

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 497.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  90 percent

Alternative C 4-V - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative C 4-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.23 kg/kkg (0.46 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.11 kg/kkg (0.22 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $205,920
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 39,960

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 498.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  98 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 382.
                                 1438

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 496

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C4-III
                    (EGG PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOR  WASTEM'TER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCV... 97.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULESi
                    L...AERATEP  LAGOON
                    L...AERATED  LAGOON
                    6...PUMPING  STATION
                    N...DUAL  MEDIA  PRESSURE FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 4.
                 5.
CONSTRICTION
LANP
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
PVC LINER
                 TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING  COSTS!
                 1.   LABOR
                 2.   POWER
                 3,   CHEMICALS
                 4.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES
                 5.   PVC  LINER
                 TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY  COSTSl
                 1.  YEARLY  OPERATING COST
                 2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                    COST  RECOVERY
                 3.  DEPRECIATION
                 TOTAL
219580.00
  4160.00
 21960,00
 21960.00
  7540.00
275200.00
                       12490.00
                       14520.00
                          0.0
                       4100.00
                        270.00
                       31380.00
                      31380.00

                      11010.00
                      13550.00
                      55940.00
                          1439

-------
 s
8:
I
fH .
S!
          w.i
          19).I
          no.«
          w.t
          IM.I
          ISt.l
                                                                                                       i
                                     «I.Cfl    M,M    M.M    U.0«

                                                  EFFICIENCY
                                      FIGURE  381

               IWESTMEOT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY C4. ALT.  Ill

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 497

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C4-IV
                    (EGG PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST  SUMMARY  FOP  WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 98.0  PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT  MODULES!
INVESTMENT COSTS!
               1.
               2.
               .3.
               a,
               5.
                    M,.. SETTLING PCND
                    L... AERATED LAGOON
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CONTINGENCY
                   PVC LINEP
               TOTAL
 YEARLY
       OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               S.
                 COSTS!
                   LABOR
                   PCWER
                   CHEMICALS
                   PAINTENANCE&SIPPLIES
                   PVC LINEP
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTSi
               1. YEARLY OPERATUfJ  COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  CCST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                                          139440.00
                                            A160.00
                                           13940.00
                                           13940.00
                                            5330.00
                                          176810.00
                                           12490.00
                                            2200.00
                                               0.0
                                            1430.00
                                             450.00
                                           16570.00
                                           16570.00

                                            7070.00
                                            8630.00
                                           32270.00
                          1441

-------
DRAFT
                       TABLE 498

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C4-V
                    (EGG PROCESSING)
 ITEMIZED COST SUGARY FOR WASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULESi
                   P...SETTLING FOND
                   L...AERATED LAPCCN
                   B...PULPING STATION
                   N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE  FILTRA'N
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
                5.
            CONSTRUCTION
            LAND
            ENGINEERING
            CONTINGENCY
            PVC L
                TCTAL
 YEARLY
OPERATING
        1.
        2.
        3.
        4.
        5.
COSTS}
  LABOR
  POWER
  CHEMICALS
  MAINTEN'ANCE&SIPPLIES
  PVC LINER
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                i. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                       163690.CO
                         4160.00
                        16370,00
                        16370.00
                         5330.00
                       205920.00
12490.00
 5620.00
    0.0
 2670.00
  450.00
21630.00
                                  21630.00

                                   6240.00
                                  10090.00
                                  39960.00
                          1442

-------
CO
                b
                U)
                i
                u
                         IH.I
                         ITI.I
                         IM.t
                          Mtt
«t.M
                                                             M.H
                                                                  EFFICIENCY
                                                      FIGURE  382


                              INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY C4. ALT. V

-------
   DRAFT
Cost and Reduction Beneftts'of/Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 5 - Shell Eggs

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 5 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, five alternatives were selected as being applicable
engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide for various levels
of waste reductions for the model plant which processes 12.5 kkg
(14 ton) of eggs per day.

Alternative C 5-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 12.5 kkg per day plant is 13 cu m (0.0035 MG) per day.  The BOD
waste load is 1.56 kg/kkg (3.1 Ib/ton), and the suspended solids
load is 0.52 kg/kkg (1.0 Ib/ton).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 5-II - This alternative provides a two-cell aerated
lagoon with a retention time of 45 days.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.078 kg/kkg (0.15 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.078 kg/kkg (0.15 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $233,760
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 32,620

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 499.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  85 percent

Alternative C 5-III - This alternative adds dual media filtration to
Alternative C 5-II.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.047 kg/kkg (0.094 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.021 kg/kkg (0.042 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $248,010
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 36,880

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 500.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  96 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 38.3.
                                 1444

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE  499

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C5-II
                      (SHELL EGGS)
    ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTEP TREATMENT  CHAIN
    DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION

    TREATMENT MODULESi
                      8...PUMPING STATION
                      L...AERATED LAGCCN
                      L,.,AERATED LAGOON

    INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                   1.  CONSTRUCTION          186290.00
                   2.  LAND                    2670.00
                   3.  ENGINEERING            18630.00
                   4.  CONTINGENCY            18630.00
                   5.  PVC LINER               75*40.00
                   TOTAL                     233760.00

    YEARLY OPERATING COSTSj
                   1.  LABOR                   6250.00
                   2.  POKER                   3050.00
                   3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
                   4.  MAINTENANCE&5UPPLIE3    2150.00
                   5.  PVC LINER                270.00
                   TOTAL                      11720.00

    TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                   1. YEARLY OPERATING COST   11720.00
                   2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                      COST RECOVERY            9350.00
                   3. DEPRECIATION            11550.00
                   TOTAL                      32620.00
                          1445

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE  500

       ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE
                    (SHELL EGGS)
                                         C5-III
  ITEMIZED  COST  SUMMARY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT CHAIN    CBL.DBN
  DESIGN  EFFICIENCY...  97,0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
  TREATMENT  MCDULESj
                  e... PUMPING
                  L... AERATED
                  L... AERATED
                  P. ..PUMPING
                                STATION
                                LAGOON
                                LAGOON
                                STATION
                    N...DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA'N
INVESTMENT CCSTSl
               1.
               2.
               3.
               a.
               5.
                   CONSTRUCTION
                   LAND
                   ENGINEERING
                   CONTINGENCY
                   PVC LINER
               TOTAL
  YEARLY
       OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.
               4.
               5.
                 COSTSj
                   LABOR
                   POKER
                   CHEMICALS
                   MAINTFNANCE&SL'PPLIES
                   PVC LINER
               TOTAL

TOTAL YEARLY COSTSi
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
                                          198160.00
                                            2670.00
                                           19820.00
                                           19820.00
                                            7540.00
                                          248010.00
                                            6250.00
                                            3980.00
                                               0.0
                                            4190.00
                                             270.00
                                           14690.00
                                           14690.00

                                            9920.00
                                           12270.00
                                           36680.00

-------
>-
^^


>-
U


i
         227.)
         20!.»
         1*1.
         1*2.?
         HO.5
          75.0
          51.7
          32.0
«o.co    «t.oo     «2.oo     ij.cc
47.ee    «a.co
                                                      EFFICIENCY




                                             FIGURE  383




                  INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY C5,  ALT.  Ill
                                                                                                  tea.oe

-------
   DRAFT
Alternative C 5-IV - This alternative consists of an anaerobic lagoon
with 10 days retention and an aerobic lagoon with 6 days retention.

The resulting BOD waste load ts 0.031 kg/kkg (0.062 Ib/ton), and the
suspended sol Ids load is 0.052 kg/kkg (0,10 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $137,640
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 22,010

An itemized breakdown of costs ts presented in Table 501.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare  ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  90 percent

Alternative C 5-V - This alternative adds  dual media filtration to
Alternative C 5-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.016 kg/kkg (0.032 Ib/ton), and the
suspended solids load is 0.01 kg/kkg (0.02 Ib/ton).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $151,890
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 26,250

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 502.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare  ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  99 percent
                                     SS:  98 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 384.

Cost and Reduction Benefits of Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory C 12 - Prepared Sandwiches

A model plant representative of Subcategory C 12 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control and treatment alternatives.
In Section VII, two alternatives were selected as being applicable.

Alternative C 12-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative C 12-11 - This alternative provides a holding tank and truck
hauling of all wastewater.  It is assumed  that hauling cost is $100
(1974) per haul and that there are five hauls per week.
                                  1448

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE 501

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C5-IV
                     (SHELL EGGS)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR  fcASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN   BML
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 9fi.O  PERCENT  BCD REDUCTION

   TREATMENT MODULES!
                     6...PUMPING  STATION
                     M...SETTLING  POND
                     L... AERATED  LAGOON

   INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                   1.   CONSTRUCTION         109030.00
                   2.   LAND                    2670.00
                   3.   ENGINEERING            10900.00
                   4.   CONTINGENCY            10900,00
                   5.   PVC LINER               4140.00
                   TCTAL                     137640.00

   YEARLY OPERATING  COSTSl
                   1.   LABOR                   6250.00
                   2.   PO^ER                   1960.00
                   3.   CHEMICALS                  0.0
                   U.   MAINTENANCE&SUPPLIES   1390.00
                   5.   FVC LINER                150.00
                   TOTAL                       9750.00

   TOTAL YEARLY COSTS!
                   1. YEARLY  OPERATING COST   9750.00
                   2. YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                     COST RECOVERY           5510.00
                   3. DEPRECIATION             6750.00
                   TOTAL                      22010.00
                          1449

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE  502

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C5-V
                      (SHELL EGGS)
   ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOP  WA8TCMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
   DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 99.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION

   TREATMENT MODULES!
                     8. .PUMPING  STATION
                        .SETTLING POND
                     L.
                     8.
                     N.
.AERATED LAGOON
.PUMPING STATION
.DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FRTRA'N
   INVESTMENT CCSTSJ
                   1.  CONSTRUCTION          120900.00
                   2.  LAND                    2670.00
                   3.  ENGINEERING            12090.00
                   4.  CONTINGENCY            12090.00
                   5.  PVC LINER               4140.00
                   TCTAL                     151890.00

   YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
                   1.  LABOR                   6250.00
                   2.  PC^ER                   2890.00
                   3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
                   4.  MAINTENANCE&SL'PPLIES   3420.00
                   5.  PVC LINER                150.00
                   TCTAL                      12710.00

   TOTAL YEARLY COSTSI
                   1.  YEARLY  OPERATING  COST  12710.00
                   2.  YEARLY  INVESTMENT
                      COST RECOVERY            6080.00
                   3.  DEPRECIATION             7460.00
                   TOTAL                      26250.00
                          1450

-------
u.
o


8
0)

8
a!
u
           13-9.0
           126.0
           113.0
          tce.o
«7.6
           7U.6
           t!.0
           ae.c
               "O.OC    *I.OJ    'f.OC     9J.OC     '«.CC    Cf.CO    9r>.OC     »?.CO     <6,CO    99,60   100,00



                                                        EFFICIENCY




                                               FIGURE  384




                    INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS  FOR SUBCATEGORY C5, ALT. V

-------
   DRAFT


               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $11,540
                       Total yearly cost:       $22,960

An Itemized breakdown of costs ts presented tn Table 503.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent
                                    O&G:  100 percent

Cost and Reduction Benefits-of'Alternative Treatment Technologies
for Subcategory D 4 - Vinegar

A model plant representative of Subcategory D 4 was developed in
Section V for the purpose of applying control  and treatment alter-
natives.  In Section VII, seven alternatives were selected as being
applicable engineering alternatives.  These alternatives provide
for various levels of waste reductions for the model plant which
produces 78 cu m (20,000 gal) of vinegar per day.

Alternative D 4-1 - This alternative assumes no treatment and no
reduction in the waste load.  It is estimated that the effluent from
a 78 cu m per day plant is 90.8 cu m (0.024 MG) per day.  The BOD
waste load is 1.92-kg/cu m (16.0 lb/1000 gal), and the suspended solids
load is 5.38 kg/cu m (10.8 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:               0
               Reduction Benefits:  None

Alternative D 4-II - This alternative provides a pumping station,
flow equalization, caustic neutralization, nitrogen addition, and
an aerated lagoon.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.096 kg/cu m (0.8 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.43 kg/cu m (3.6 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $172,400
                       Total yearly cost:       $ 44,360

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 504.   It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  It
is further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  95 percent
                                     SS:  92 percent

Alternative D 4-III - This alternative replaces the aerated lagoon
of Alternative D 4-II with a complete mix activated sludge system
and provides sludge thickening, aerobic digestion, and truck hauling.

The resulting BOD waste load is  0.06 kq/cu m (0.5 lb/1000  qal), and the
suspended solids load is 0.27 kg/cu m (2.25 lb/1000 qal).
                                  1452

-------
DRAFT
                        TABLE 503

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE C12-II
                   (PREPARED SANDWICHES)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HASTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY.,.*100 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION

 TREATMENT MCDULESg
                   Y...HOLDING TANK

 INVESTMENT CCSTSi
                1.  CONSTRUCTION            9620.00
                2.  LAND                       0.0
                3.  ENGINEERING              960.00
                4.  CONTINGENCY              960.00
                TC7AL                      11510.00

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS*
                1.  LABOR                      0.0
                2.  POWER                      0.0
                3.  CHEMICALS                  0.0
                a.  MAINTENANCE&SL'PPLIES   21920.00
                TCTAL                      21920.00

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTSI
                1. YEARLY OPERATING  COST   21920.00
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY             460.00
                3. DEPRECIATION              580.00
                TOTAL                      22960.00
                        1453

-------
 DRAFT
                      TABLE  504

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-II
                       (VINEGAR)
ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR MSTEMTER  TREATMENT  CHAIN
DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
TREATMENT MCDULESj
                  B...PUMPING STATION
                  G...CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
                  H..,NITROGEN: ADDITION
                  L...AERATED LAGOCN
INVESTMENT CCSTSJ
               1.
               2.
               3.
               «.
               5.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
PVC LINER
               TCTAL
YEARLY OPERATING CCSTSl
               i.  LABOR
               2.
               3.
               4.
POWER
CHEMICALS
MAINTENANCF&SUPPLIES
               5,  PVC LINER
               TCTAL

TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
               1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
               2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                  COST RECOVERY
               3. DEPRECIATION
               TOTAL
137970,00
  2920.00
 13800.00
 13600.00
  3910.00
172000.00
  6250.00
 1^990.00
  5060.00
  2630.00
    60.00
 28990.00
                      28990.00

                       6900.00
                       8470.00
                      44360.00
                         1454

-------
   DRAFT


               Costs:  Total Investment cost:   $206,560
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 77,530

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 505.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  95 percent

Alternative D 4-IV - This alternative adds sand drying beds to
Alternative D 4-III.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.058 kg/cu m (0.48 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.27 kg/cu m (2.25 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $245,210
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 86,050

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 506.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  97 percent
                                     SS:  95 percent

Alternative D 4-V - This alternative adds dual media filtration  to
Alternative D 4-IV.

The resulting BOD waste load is 0.038 kg/cu m (0.32 lb/1000 gal), and
the suspended solids load is 0.16 kg/cu m (1.3 lb/1000 gal).

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $271,660
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 92,930

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 507.   It is
assumed that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).   It
is further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:  BOD:  98 percent
                                     SS:  97 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 385.

Alternative D 4-VI - This alternative consist of Alternative D 4-II
plus a pumping station, pipeline, and spray irrigation field.  This
alternative results in no discharge of polluted wastewater.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:   $225,870
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 50,950
                                 1455

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  505

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-III
                       (VINEGAR)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEKATER TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULESl
                   81
                   B.
                   C.
                   6.
                   H.
                   K.
                   Q.
                   R.
  .CONTROL HCUSE
  .PUMPING STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEROBIC D16ESTCR
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL

 YEARLY  OPERATING COSTSi
                1.   LABOR
                2,   POER
                3,   CHEMICALS
                a.   MAINTENANCE&SLPPLIES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY  COSTS!
                i.  YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2.  YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3.  DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
00
00
149920.
 26660.
 14990.00
 14990.00
206560.00
                      37480.00
                       6020.00
                       5060.00
                       9720.00
                      60260.00
                      60260.00

                       6260.00
                       6990.00
                      77530.00
                         1456

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE  506

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-IV
                       (VINEGAR)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR WASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY... 95.0 PERCENT BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES:
                   PI
                   B.
                   C.
                   G.
                   h.
                   K.
                   0.
                   R.
                   T.
  .CONTROL HCUSE
  .PUMPINB STATION
  .EQUALIZATION BASIN
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .ACTIVATED SLUDGE
  .SLUDGE THICKENER
  .AEPCBIC DIGESTOR
  .SAND DRYING BEDS
 INVESTMENT COSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
                4.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
                TOTAL

 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
                1.  LABOR
                2,  POWER
                3.  CHEMICALS
                4.  MAINTENANCEISIPPLIES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY COSTS:
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
190740.00
 16330.00
 19070.00
 19070.00
245210.00
                      37480.00
                       6020.00
                       5060.00
                      14240.00
                      64800.00
                      64600.00

                       9810.00
                      11440.00
                      86050.00
                           1457

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 507

        ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-V
                       (VINEGAR)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR hASTEMTER TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY,., 98.0 PERCENT 900 REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   Bl
                   B.
                   C.
                   G.
                   H.
                   B
                   N
.CONTROL HCLSE
.PUMPING STATION
.EQLALIZATICN BASIN
.CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLUDGE THICKENER
.AEPCblC DIGESTCR
.SAND DRYING BEDS
.PUMPING STATION
.DUAL MEDIA PRESSURE FILTRA«N
 INVESTMENT COSTS!
                1.
                2.
                3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
«•  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
 YEARLY OPERATING COSTS!
                1.  LABOR
                2.  PCt^EW
                3.  CHEMICALS
                «•  MAINTENANCEiSlPPLlES
                TOTAL

 TOTAL  YEARLY COSTS!
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   CCST RECCVFRY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                   212770.00
                    16330.00
                    21260.00
                    21280.00
                   271660.00
                    37«80.00
                    10620.00
                     5060,00
                    16130.00
                    69290.00
                    69290.00

                    10870.00
                    12770.00
                    92930.00

-------
cn
vo
                   to
                   8
                   (J
                              272.0
                             232.S
                             233. C
                             211.8
                             1'a.fl
17«.S
                             :si.o
                             1)5.S
                             116.0
                              77.0
    4o.ee     
-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 508

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-VI
                       (VINEGAR)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY  FOP  WASTEMTER  TREATMENT CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY...100.0  PERCENT  BOD REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULESi
                    B.
                    6.
                    H.
                    L.
                    U.
  .PUMPING STATION
  .CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
  .NITROGEN ADDITION
  .AERATED LAGOON
  .SPRAY IRRIGATION
 INVESTMENT CCSTSt
                 1.
                 2.
                 3.
                 «•
                 5.
CONSTRUCTION
LAND
ENGINEERING
CONTINGENCY
PVC LTNER
                TOTAL
YEARLY OPERATING
               1.
               2.
               3.

               5.
                  COSTS!
                    LABOR
                    POWER
                    CHEMICALS
                    MAXNTEMNCEISI'PPLIES
                    PVC LINER
                TOTAL

 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY
                3. DEPRECIATION
                TOTAL
                                         175590.00
                                          11250.00
                                          17560.00
                                          17560.00
                                           3910.00
                                         225870.00
                       6250.00
                      15950.00
                       5060.00
                       3870.00
                         60.00
                      31190.00
                      31190.00

                       9030.00
                      10730.00
                      50950.00
                           1460

-------
            226.0 I
                 I
a.
5
           207.1
           te«.6
           m.a
           1)3.2
          139.0
          116.8
           «e.6
           ec.c
           62.2
              90.oo    9i!oo     92!oo   ""sloe"
                                                                                  ie.ce     99.00    100.00
                                                     EFFICIENCY
                                              FIGURE   386

                  INVESTteNT PND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATCGQRY 04, ALT. VI

-------
DRAFT
                      TABLE 509

         ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR ALTERNATIVE D4-VII
                       (VINEGAR)
 ITEMIZED COST SUMMARY FOR HA3TEKATCR TREATMENT  CHAIN
 DESIGN EFFICIENCY..,100.0 PERCENT BOD  REDUCTION
 TREATMENT MODULES!
                   81
                   8.
                   C.
                   G.
                   H.
                   K.
                   C.
                   R.
                   U.
.CONTROL HCL'SE
.PUMPING STATION
.EQUALIZATION BASIN
•CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION
.NITROGEN ADDITION
.ACTIVATED SLUDGE
.SLIDGE Tf-ICKENER
.AERCBIC CIGESTOR
.SPRAY IRRIGATION
 INVESTMENT CCSTSl
                1.
                2.
                3.
    CONSTRUCTION
    LAND
    ENGINEERING
4.  CONTINGENCY
TOTAL
                   167530.00
                    11000.00
                    18750.00
                    18750.00
                   236030.00
 YEARLY OPERATING COSTSt
                !•  LABOR                  37«80,00
                2.  POWER                   8970.00
                3.  CHEMICALS               5060.00
                «.  MAINTENANCE&8UPPLIES   10970.00
                TOTAL                      62*180.00

 TOTAL YEARLY CCSTSl
                1. YEARLY OPERATING COST   624PO.OO
                2. YEARLY INVESTMENT
                   COST RECOVERY            9440.00
                3. DEPRECIATION            11250.00
                TCTAL                      83170.00
                          1462

-------
                             257.0
                             221.0
                             295.0
                             17J.O
CO
                    8
                             1S7.0
                             t«t.O
                    o
                             129.0
                              «J.O
                              77.0
                                 sc.ce
                                                  «2.oc
                                                                    <«.ec
i».eo     «i.co   teo.oe
                                                                          EFFICIENCY




                                                                FIGURE 387




                                      INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR SUBCATEGORY  D«,  ALT. VI1

-------
   DRAFT

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 508.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that one operator is required one-half time.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 386,

Alternative D 4-VII - This alternative consists of Alternative D 4-III
plus a pumping station, pipeline, and spray Irrigation field.  This
alternative results in no discharge of polluted wastewaters.

               Costs:  Total investment cost:  $236,030
                       Total yearly cost:      $ 83,170

An itemized breakdown of costs is presented in Table 509.  It is
assumed that land costs $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).   It is
further assumed that three operators are required.

               Reduction Benefits:   BOD:  100 percent
                                     SS:  100 percent

A cost efficiency curve is presented in Figure 387.

RELATED ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

The major energy requirement for the alternative treatment technologies
is for aeration.  Generally, aerated lagoons require greater levels of
electricity because of mixing than do equivalent activated sludge
systems.

Table 510  presents a summary of the power use and associated cost
for each of the treatment alternatives.

NON-WATER QUALITY ASPECTS

The generation of sludge and the accompanying necessity for handling
and disposal is an inherent part of wastewater treatment, and is perhaps
the most perplexing problem associated with treatment.  A common method
of sludge disposal is application to the land.  This may be done in a
variety of ways.  When sludge volumes are relatively small,  discharge
into shallow trenches may only be required.  Larger flows of liquid
sludge may be spread on land by gravity flow or by spraying, either
from trucks or pipe networks.  Dried sludge may be spread by dump trucks.

It is fortunate in the miscellaneous foods and beverages industry that
wastewater sludges usually are free of inorganic ions that could cause
groundwater contamination under adverse disposal procedures or be
harmful to agricultural crops.  With proper application, such sludges
can improve soil structure and benefit crops.
                                 1464

-------
                                                       TABLE 510
YEARLY ELECTRICAL USE AND COST ASSOCIATED
WITH ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT DESIGNS
Alternative
Power Used
(kw-hr)
Yearly Cost
(Thousands of Dollars)
Alternative Power Used
(kW-hr)
1
TI
Yearly Cost
(Thousands of Dollars)
   (Vegetable Oil Processing and Reflninn)
Al-I
Al-II
Al-III
Al-IV
Al-V
Al-VI
Al-VII
Al-VIII
A2-I
A2-II
A3-1
A3-11
A3-III
A4-I
A4-II
A4-III
A5-I
A5-II
A5-III
A5-IV
A5-V
A5-VI
A5-VII
A5-VIII
        0
  146,364
  211,818
  321,212
  386,667
   64,242
  146,970
  205,455
       .0
        0
   25,758
        0
    3,030
   29,697
        0
   25,152
        0
   45,152
  465,152
  619,697
  712,727
1,420,909
1,575,455
1,668,485
    0
 4.83
 6.99
10.60
12.76
 2.12
 4.
 6.
  .85
  .78
    0
    0
 0.85
    0
 0.10
 0.98
    0
 0.83
    0
  .49
15.35
20.45
23.52
46.89
51.99
55.06
 1.
A6-1
A6-II
A6-III
A6-IV
A6-V
A6-VI
A6-VII
A6-VIII
A7-I
A7-II
A7-III
A7-IV
A7-V
A7-VI
A7-VII
A7-VIII
A8-I
A3-11
A8-III
A8-IV
A8-V
A8-VI
A8-VII
A8-VIII
        0
   64,848
  787,879
  979,697
1,110,909
2,775,455
2,967,273
3,098,485
        0
  116,364
1,415,758
1,666,667
1,925,455
4,977,273
5,228,182
5,486,970
        0
:  100,303
1,048,182
1,276,061
1,489,091
3,609,091
3,836,970
4.050.000
     0
  2.14
 26.00
 32.33
 36.66
 91.59
 97.92
102.25
     0
  3.84
 46.72
 55.00
 63.54
164.25
172.53
181.07
     0
  3.31
 34.59
 42.11
 49.14
119.10
126.62
133.65

-------
                                                     TABLE 510  (CONTINUED)
Alternative        Power Used             Yearly Cost
                    (kw-hr)           (Thousands of Dollars)
                                               Alternative        Power Used             Yearly Cost
                                                                    (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
      (Vegetable 011 Processing and Refining)
   A9-I
   A9-II
   A9-III
   A9-IV
   A9-V
   A9-VI
   A9-VII
   A9-VIII
   A10-I
   A10-II
   A10-III
   A10-IV
   A10-V
   A10-VI
   A10-VII
   A10-VIII
   All-I
   All-II
   All-III
   All-IV
   All-V
   All-VI
   All-VII
   All-VIII
        0
  128,788
1,525,455
1,794,848
2,090,000
5,873,333
6,143,030
6,437,879
        0
  113,030
1,163,030
1,409,091
  165,758
4,908,182
5,154,242
5,402,727
        0
  146,667
1,816,364
2,113,030
2,460,606
6,993,030
7,289,394
7,636,970
     0
  4.25
 50.34
 59.23
 68.97
193.82
202.72
212.45
     0
  3.73
 38.38
 46.50
 54.70
161.97
170.09
178.29
     0
  4.84
 59.94
 69.73
 81.20
230.77
240.55
252.02
A12-I
A12-II
A12-III
A12-IV
A12-V
A12-VI
A12-VII
A12-VIII
A13-I
A13-II
A13-III
A13-IV
A13-V
A13-VI
A14-I
A14-II
A14-III
A14-IV
A14-V
A14-VI
A14-VII
A15-I
A15-II
A15-III
        0
  131,212
1,459,090
1,732,121
2,034,242
6,205,758
6,478,788
6,780,909
        0
   47,576
   29,364
  457,879
1,518,182
1,682,424
        0
  183,333
  232,424
  303,636
  414,545
  463,333
  534,850

        0
        0
     0
  4.33
 48.15
 57.16
 67.13
204.79
213.80
223.77
     0
  1.57
  9.69
 15.11
 50.10
 55.52
     0
  6.05
  7.67
 10.02
 13.68
 15.29
 17.65
  0.83
     0
     0

-------
                                                     TABLE 510  (CONTINUED)
Alternative        Power Used        .     Yearly Cost
                    (kw-hr)           (Thousands of Dollars)
                                                Alternative        Power Used             Yearly  Cost
                                                                    (kw-hr)          (Thousands of  Dollars)
   A16-I
   A16-II
   A16-III
   A16-IV
   A16-V
   A16-VI
   A16-VII
   A16-VIII
   A16-IX
   A16-X
   A16-XI
   A16-XII
   A16-XIII
   A17-I
   A17-II
   A17-III
   A17-IV
   A17-V
   A17-VI
                   (Beverages)
20,569,091
21,117,576
22,067,273
13,891,212
14,439,697
15,389,394
13,040,909
13,589,394
14,539,091
13,005,152
13,553,636
14,503,333
         0
68,463,636
70,051,818
73,091,818
46,011,818
47.600,303
      0
 678.78
 696.88
 728.22
 458.41
 476.51
 507.85
 430.35
 448.45
 479.79
 429.17
 447.27
 478.61
      0
2259.30
2311171
2412.03
1518.39
1570.81
A17-VII
A17-VIII
A17-IX
A17-X
A17-XI
A17-XII
A17-XIII
A18-I
A18-II
A18-III
A18-IV
A18-V
A18-VI
A18-VII
A18-VIII
A18-IX
A18-X
A18-XI
A18-XII
A18-XIII
A19-I
A19-II
A19-III
A19-IV
50,640,000
43,338,778
44,927,273
47,966,970
 9,760,000
10,105,151
10,843,333
 5,026,364
 5,371,212
 6,109,394
 4,719,091
 5,064,242
 5,802,424
 4,690,303
 5,035,455
 5,773,636
         0
12,167,878
12,346,969
11,902,727
1671.12
1430.18
1482.60
1582.91
      0
 322.08
 333.47
 357.83
 165.87
 177.25
 201.61
 155.73
 167.12
 191.48
 154.78
 166.17
 190.53
     0
 401.54
 407.45
  62.79

-------
                                                       TABLE 510  (CONTINUED)
Alternative        Power Used             Yearly Cost
                    (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
                                               Alternative        Power Used             Yearly Cost
                                                                    (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
    A19-V
    A19-VI
    A19-VII
    A20-I
    A20-II
    A20-III
    A20-IV
    A20-V
    A20-VI
    A20-VII
    A20-VIII
    A20-IX
    A20-X
    A21-I
    A21-II
    A22-A-I
    A22-A-II
    A22-A-III
    A22-A-IV
    A22-A-V
    A22-A-VI
    A22-A-VII
    A22-A-VIII
    A22-A-IX"-
 2,081,818
 1,876,364
 2,055,455
         0
   733,030
   873,636
   962,727
   747,272
   847,879
   937,273
 3,118,182
 3,218,788
 3,308,182
         0
   150,303
         0
13,130,909
13,307,273
 2,377,273
 2,553,636
 2,516,970
 2,693,333
 2,403,939
 2,533,030
 68.70
 61.92
 67.83
     0
 25.51
 28.83
 31.77
 24.66
 27.98
 30.93
102.90
106.22
109.17
     0
  4.96
     0
433.32
439.14
 78.45
 84.27
 83.06
 88.88
 79.33
 83.59
A22-B-I
A22-B-II
A22-B-III
A22-B-IV
A22-B-V
A22-B-VI
A22-B-VII
A22-B-VIII
A22-B-IX
A23-I
A23-II
A23-III
A23-IV
A24-I
A24-II
A24-III
A24-IV
A24-V
A24-VI
A24-VII
A24-VIII
A24-IX
0
2,506,061
2,635,152
598,788
727,878
666,667
795,758
624,242
674,242
0
156,667
206,667
185,758
0
10,277,879
10,407,576
10,225,758
10,355,455
10,200,000
10,329,697
13,255,455
13,384,848
     0
 82.70
 86.96
 19.76
 24.02
 22.00
 26.26
 20.60
 22.25
     0
  5.17
  6.82
  6.13
     0
339.17
343.45
337.45
341.73
336.60
340.88
437.43
441.70

-------
                                                                TABLE 510 (CONTINUED)
                                                                                                                                           u
          Alternative         Power Used             Yearly Cost
                              (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
                                                               Alternative        Power Used             Yearly Cost
                                                                                    (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
vo
A25A-I
A25A-II
A25A-III
A25B-I
A25B-II
A25B-III
A26-I
A26-II
A26-III
A26-IV
A26-V
A26-VI
A26-VII
A27-I
A27-II
A27-III
A27-IV
A27-V
A27-VI
A27-VII
A28-I
A28-II
A28-III
A28-IV
        0
        0
   25,455
        0
        0
   26,667
        0
  301,212
  389,394
  275,758
  363,939
1,075,152
1,163,333
        0
  350,909
  479,697
  325,455
  454,242
1,036,667
1,165,455
2,122,727
  836,364
  659,394
  836,364
    0
    0
 0.84
    0
    0
 0.88
    0
 9.94
12.85
 9.10
12.01
35.48
38.39
    0
11.58
15.83
10.74
14.99
34.21
38.46
70.05
27.60
21.76
27.60
 A28-V
 A28-VI
 A28-VII
 A28-VIII
 A28-IX
 A28-X
 A28-XI
 A28-XII
 A28-XIII
 A30-I
 A30-II
 A30-III
*A30-IV
 A30-V
 A30-VI
*A30-VII
 A30-VIII
  C8-I
  C8-II
  C8-III
  C8-IV
  C8-V
  C9-I
  C9-II
  C9-III
  CIO-1
  C10-II
  C10-III
  C10-IV
2,300,606
1,014,242
  836,970
  014,242
  399,394
  113,030
  936,061
  113,030
   49,091
        0
  575,455
  503,939
2,640,606
  704,242
  632,727
2,769,394
   55,758
        0
  157,576
  228,182
   66,970
  137,576
        0
  197,576
  560,606
                                                                                               3,317,273
                                                                                               1,266,970
                                                                                               3,523,333
 75.92
 33.47
 27.62
 33.47
 79.18
 36.73
 30.89
 36.73
  1.62
     0
 18.99
 16.63
 87.14
 23.24
 20.88
 91.39
                                                                                                                             84
                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                             20
                                                                                                                             53
                                                                                                                             21
  4.54
     0
  6.52
 18.50
     0
109.47
 41.81
116.27

-------
                                                       TABLE 510  (CONTINUED)
Alternative
Power Used
 (kw-hrl
     Yearly Cost
(Thousands of Dollars
                     Alternative
               Power Used
                (kw-hrl
                      Yearly Cost
                 (Thousands of Dollars
           (Bakery and Confectionery Products)
    Cl-I
    Cl-II
    Cl-III
    Cl-IV
    C2-I
    C2-II
    C2-III
    C2-IV
    C2-V
    C2-VI
    C2-VII
    C2-VIII
    C3-I
    C3-II
    C3-III
    C3-IV
    C7-I
    C7-II
    C7-III
    C7-IV
    C7-V
    C7-VI
    Dl-I
    Dl-II
    Dl-III
    Dl-IV
    Dl-V
    Dl-VI
        0
  152,121
  717,273
  901,818
        0
  120,909
  121,212
  273,636
   66,061
  273,636
  292,727
  325,455
        0
  205,756
  257,879
  148,485
        0
   66,970
  264,848
  428,788
  399,091
  563,333
        0
   92,727
  446,667
  446,667
  624,242
  269,697
         3.
         4.
        .9.
         2.
         9.
         9.
    0
 5.02
23.67
29.76
    0
  .99
  .00
  .03
  .18
  .03
  .66
10,74
    0
 6.79
 8.51
 4.90
    0
 2.21
 8.74
14.15
13.17
18.59
    0
 3.06
14.74
14.74
20.60
 8.90
D2-I
D2-II
D2-III
D2-IV
D2-V
D2-VI
02-VII
D3-I
D3-II
D3-III
D3-IV
D3-V
D3-VI
D3-VII
D5-I
D5-II
D5-III
D5-IV
D5-V
D5-VI
D5-VII
D5-VIII
06-1
D6-II
D6-III
06-IV
D6-V
D6-VI
D6-VII
D6-VIII
                                                 1
        0
  510,000
  317,576
  317,576
  474,848
1,555,242
  361,818
        0
1,190,909
  264,242
  264,242
  433,636
  238,182
  311,515
        0
  143,030
3,507,576
1,043,939
1,043,939
                                                 1
                                                  ,045,455
                                                 1,175,455
                                                 3,509,394
                                                         0
                                                   164,242
                                                 4,266,061
                                                   645,152
                                                   645,152
                                                   647,273
                                                   874,242
                                                 4,267,879
51
11,
  -  .0
49.83
10.48
10.48"
15.67
   .29
   .94
    0
39.30
  8.72
  8.72
14.31
40.86
10.28
     0
  4.72
115.75
 34.45
 34.45
 34.50
 38.79
115.81
     0
  5.42
140.78
 21,
  21
  21.36
  28.85
140.84
                              .29
                              .29

-------
                                                        TABLE 510 (CONTINUED)
Alternative        Power Used             Yearly  Cost
                    (kw-hr)           (Thousands of  Dollars)
                                               Alternative        Power Used             Yearly  Cost
                                                                   (kw-hr)          (Thousands of Dollars)
   B5-I
   B5-II
   B5-III
   B5-IV
   B6-1
   B6-II
   B6-III
   B6-IV
   B6-V
   B7-I
   B7-II
   B7-III
   B7-IV
   B8-I
   B8-II
   B8-III
   B8-IV
 (Pet Foods')

        0
  329,091
  945,758
1,206,061
        0
  453,636
  456,061
3,648,788
3,914,545
        0
   62,121
  123,636
  210,303
        0
  570,000
1,733,939
1,994,242
     0
 10.86
 31.21
 39.80
     0
 14.97
 15.05
120.41
129.18
     0
   .05
   .08
   .94
     0
 18i81
 57V22:
 65.81
2.
4.
6.
          (Miscellaneous and Specialty Products)
   A29-I
   A29-II
   A29-III
   A29-IV
   A29-V
   A29-VI
   A29-VII
   A29-VIII
   A29-IX
   A29-X
   A29-XI
        0
   30,303
  226,364
  233,030
  425,455
  285,758
  292,424
  484,848
  360,606
  367,273
  559,697
     0
  1.00
  7.47
  7.69
 14.04
  9.43
  9.65
 16.00
 11.90
 12.12
 18.47
A3!-I
A31-II
AST-Ill
A31-IV
A31-V
A3!-VI
A31-VII
A32-I
A32-II
A32-III
A32-IV
A32-V
A33-I
A33-II
A33-III
A33-IV
A33-V
A33-VI
A33-VII
A33-VIII
A33-IX
A33-X
A33-XI
A33-XII
A33-XIII
A33-XIV
    29,697
   506.061
   444,545
   561,818
   562,121
   500,909
   617,879
    27,879
   127,576
   320,909
   198,182
   363,636
         0
38,703,636
38,883,939
39,410,606
 8,171,212
 8,351,515
 8,878,182
11,563,939
11,744,242
12,270,909
23,369,696
23,550,000
24,076,666
18,454,242
   0.98
  16.70
  14.67
  18.54
  18.55
  16.53
  20.39
   0.92
   4.21
  10.59
   6.54
  12.00
      0
1277.22
1283.17
1300.55
 269.65
 275.60
 292.98
 381.61
 387.56
 404.94
 771.20
 777.15
 794.53
 608.99

-------
                                                                  TABLE 510 (CONTINUED)
ro
Alternative
A33-XV
A33-XVI
A33-XVII
A33-XVIII
A33-XIX
A33-XX
A34-I
A34-II
A34-III
A35-I
A35-II
A35-III
A36-I
A36-II
A36-III
A36-IV
A36-V
A36-VI
A36-VII
A36-VIII
A36-IX
A36-X
Bl-I
Bl-II
BT-III
Bl-IV .
B2-I
B2-II
B2-III
B2-IV
Power Use Yearly Cost
(kw-hr) (Thousands of Dollars)
18,634,545
19,161,212
18,251,818
18,432,121
18,958,787
231,515
0
24,455
0
0
25,152
0
0
140,000
11,891,212
11,634,242
11,663,636
6,853,939
12,042,121
11,785,454
11,814,848
7,004,848
0
559,394
1,337,273
1,586,970
0
182,727
377,576
454,545
614.94
632.32
602.31
• 608.26
625.64
7.64
0
0.84
0
0
0.83
0
0
4.62
392.41
383.93
384.90
226.18
397.39
388.92
389.89
231.16
0
18.46
44.13
52.37
0
6.03
12.46
15.00
Alternative
B3-I
B3-II
B3-III
B3-IV
84- 1
O^ X
B4-II
B4-III
B9-I
u y i
B9-II
B9-III
C4-I
C4-II
C4-III
C4-IV
C4-V
C5-I
C5-II
C5-III
C5-IV
C5-V
C12-I
C12-II
D4-I
D4-II
D4-III
D4-IV
D4-V
D4-VI
D4-VII

Power Use Yearly Cost
(kw-hr) (Thousands of Dollars)
0
563,636
2,005,455
2,265,758
o
192,424
427,879
Q
1,009,394
1,174,242
0
330,606
110,303
66,667
110,303
0
92,424
120,606
59,394
87,576
0
0
0
454,242
243,030
243,030
321,818
483,333
271,818

0
18.60
66.18
74.77
0
6.35
14.12
0
33.31
38.75
0
10.91
14.52
2.20
3.64
0
3.05
3.98
1.96
2.89
0
0
0
14.99
8.02
8.02
10.62
15.95
8.97


-------
   DRAFT
The treatment alternatives developed in Section VII are not expected
to have stgnigicant effects on atr quality if properly located and
operated.  Odors are always a potential problem in the treatment of
organic wastes: however, the predominately aerobic systems discussed
herein should not create odor problems.  Nevertheless, treatment systems
and disposal sites should be located an appropriate distance from (and,
if possible, downwind from) habitations.

Spray irrigation of wastewaters or sludges can cause problems of
windblown droplets.  If it is assumed that sanitary wastes have been
removed, no threats to health should exist.  If spray systems are not
in proximity to neighbors, significant problems should not exist.

The sight of wastewater treatment facilities may be aesthetically
unpleasant to some persons.  However, a realization of this fact
during plant design can often minimize such effects.

Noise levels should not exceed those of well-designed municipal treat-
ment systems which are currently being approved for construction in
populated areas.
                                1474

-------
 DRAFT
                             SECTION IX

      EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF
    THE BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
                  EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES


The effluent limitations which must be achieved by July 1,  1977,  are to
specify the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the  applica-
tion of the Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available.
Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available is  generally
based upon the average of best existing  performance by plants of various
sizes, ages and unit processes within the industrial  category and/or
subcategory.  In the Miscellaneous Foods and Beverages point source cate-
gory, this is based upon performance levels achieved by exemplary plants.

Consideration must also be given to:

     a.   The total cost of application  of technology in relation to
          the effluent reduction benefits to be achieved from such
          application;

     b.   The size and age of equipment  and facilities involved;

     c.   The process employed;

     d.   The engineering aspects of the application of various  types
          of control techniques;

     e.   Process changes;

     f.   Non-water quality environmental impact (including energy
          requirements);

     g.   Availability of land for use in wastewater treatment-disposal.

Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available emphasizes treat-
ment facilities at the end of a manufacturing process but includes the
control technologies within the process  itself when these are considered
to be normal practice within the industry.

A further consideration is the degree of economic and engineering
reliability which must be established for the technology to be  "currently
available."  As a result of demonstration projects, pilot plants, and
general use, there must exist a high degree of confidence in the engineering
and economic practicability of the technology at the time of construction
or installation of the control facilities.
                                 1475

-------
  DRAFT
EFFLUENT REDUCTIONS ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF BEST
PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR THE MIS-
CELLANEOUS-FOODS AND "BEVERAGES POINT SOURCE CATEGORY

Based upon the information contained in Sections II through VIII of
this document it has been determined that the degree of effluent
reduction attainable through the application of the Best Practicable
Control Technology currently available is as listed in Tables 511
through 515..  No limitations are presently recommended for Subcategory
C 69 Ice Manufacturings because the quality of the effluent at the
present time is quite good--reported at 1 mg/T BOD and 5 mg/1 suspended
solids.  These values indicate that further pollutant reduction would
be impractical.

It is further recommended that for all cases in which discharge of waste-
waters is allowed, the pH of the wastewaters be in the range of 6.0 to
9.0; that no visible floating oil and grease be allowed; and, for
Subcategories A 7-12, a concentration of nickel no greater than 0.02
mg/1 be allowed.  Technologies presently exist and have been reliably
demonstrated to achieve this level.  Technologies presently exist and
have been reliably demonstrated to achieve this level.

IDENTIFICATION OF BEST PRACTICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE

The Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available, as described
in Section VII9 is generally the equivalent of secondary biological treat-
ment.  The recommended treatment alternatives for each subcategory are
indicated in Tables 511  through 515.   The wastewaters from the Miscel-
laneous Foods and Beverages Industry are for the most part highly bio-
degradable as documented by existing treatment systems within the sub-
categories s by extensive municipal treatment case histories, and/or
the nature of the wastes' characteristics.

A few exceptions hav been determined to exist for individual waste components
or exceptional waste streams.  In those few cases where biological treat-
ment is not demonstrated and would not be expected to be reasonably or
feasibly effectives, considerable discussion has been presented in approp-
riate sections of this document and alternative technology presented
where applicable.  Noteworthly examples include the unfeasibility of
biologically treating wastewater from ice manufacturing and high strength
wastes such as still age.  For small volume wastes9 alternative disposal
such as conveying the waste to a municipal treatment plant or approved
land site have been presented.

The Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available for Sub-
categories A 2, A 39 A 4, A 259 A 34, A 35 C 129 E 1-6, and F 1-4 is
direct land disposal or hauling to a municipal sewage system or approved
land disposal site.  The Best Practicable Control Technology for Sub-
category A 15 is land spreading, spray irrigation, or hauling to a
municipal sewage system or approved land disposal site.  The Best Prac-
ticable Control Technology for Subcategory A 20 is land spreading.
                                1476

-------
                     TABLE  511

RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BPCTCA)
      FOR VEGETABLE OIL PROCESSING AND REFINING


SUBCATEGORY
A 1
A 2
A 3
A 4
A 5
A 6
A 7
A 8
A 9
A10
All
A12
A13
A.14
Am


UNITS
kg/kkg oilseed crushed
kg/kkg oilseed crushed
kg/kkg olives processed
kg/kkg olives processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg crude oil processed
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product

RECOMMENDED
TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE
A 1- II
A 2- II
A 3- I
A 4- 11
A 5- IV
A 6- IV
A 7- IV
A 8- IV
A 9- IV
AID- IV
All- IV
A12- IV
A13-III
A14-UI
A1R-TTT
Bl
MAX.
30-DAY AVE.
0.0072
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.035
0.067
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.097
0.16
0.12
0.060
0.015
0.00
3D

MAX. DAY
0.018
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.087
0.017
0.32
0.26
0.33
0.24
0.39
0.30
0.15
0.037
n.no
                                                    SS
MAX.
30-DAY AVE.
0.0090
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.035
0.061
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.11
0.17
0.14
0.075
0.015
0.00
MAX . DAY
0.023
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.087
0.15
0.32
0.26
0.33
0.27
0.44
0.36
0.19
0.037
0.00
OBG
MAX.
30-DAY AVE.
0.0054
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.014
0.023
0.051
0.041
0.058
0.048
0.069
0.060
0.075
0.0080
0.00
MAX DAY
0.0135
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.035
0.057
0.13
0.10
0.14
0.12
0.17
0.15
0.19
0.024
0.00

-------
                                        TABLE  512

                   RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BPCTCA)
                                       FOR BEVERAGES
                                                                                                         c
                                                                                                         £
SUBCATEGORY

    A16
    A17
    A18
    A19
    A20
    A20
    A21
    A22
    A23
    A24

    A25
    A26
    A27
    A28
    A30
    C8
    C9
    CIO
    Fl
       UNITS

kg/cu m beer produced
kg/cu m beer produced
kg/cu m beer produced
kg/kkg barley processed
kg/kkg grapes crushed
kg/cu m wine produced

kg/kkg grain mashed
kg/kkg'grain mashed
kg/thousand proof
 gallons produced

kg/cu m finished prod.
kg/cu m finished prod.
kg/cu m finished prod.
kg/kkg finished prod.
kg/kkg coffee beans
kg/kkg coffee beans
kg/kkg coffee beans
RECOMMENDED
TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE
V
V
V
1 IV
II
II
II
VI
II
II
II
IV
IV
A 28-VIII
A 30-11
C 8-III
C 9-III
C 10-.III
-
BOD
MAX.
30-DAY AVE.
0.28
0.55
0.48
0.22
0.77
0.28
0
0.26
0.054
1.2
0
0.052
0.24
0.0050
2.0
0.070
0.19
0.95
0

MAX. DAY
0.70
1.4
1.2
0.55
2.3
0.83
0
0.65
0.14
3.0
0
0.13
0.60
0.013
5.0
0.21
0.48
2.4
0
                                                                                      SS
MAX.
30-DAY AVE.
0.39
0.76
0.68
0.13
0..11
0.41
0
0.32
0.072
0.69
0
0.030
0.14
0.0010
5.5
0.070
0.19
0.95
MAX DAY
0.97
1.9
1.7
0.32
0.34
1.2
0
0.80
0.18
1.7
0
0.075
0.35
0.0025
13.0
0.21
0.48
2.4

-------
Subcategory
    Cl
    C2
    C3
    C7
    Dl
    D2
    D3
    D5
    D6
                                           TABLE   513
                      RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BPCTCA)
                              FOR BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
Cl-III
C2-IV
C3-II
C7-V
Dl-IV
D2-IV
D3-IV
D5-V
D6-V
BOD
Max
30-Day
Ave
0.50
0.050
0.060
0.1
0.15
0.12
0.085
0.037
0.23

Max
Day
1.3
0.15
0.18
0.25
0.45
0.36
0.24
1.1
0.69
SS
Max
30-Day
Ave
0.50
0.050
0.060
0.10
0.075
0.090
0.085
0.25
0.23
O&G
Max
Day
1.3
0.15
0.18
0.25
0.22
0.27
0.24
0.75
0.69
Max
30- Day
Ave
0.11
0.030
0.040
0.050
--
—
--
0.07
0.11
Max
Day
0.28
0.090
0.12
0.13
—
—
—
0.021
0.33
             NOTE:   All  units in terms of kg/kkg of finished product.

-------
Subcategory
    B5
    B6
    B7
                                           TABLE   514
                      RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BPCTCA)
                                          FOR PET FOODS
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
B5-III
B6-IV
B7-III
B8-III
BOD
Max
30-Day
Ave
0.18
0.51
0.0046
0.18

Max
Day
0.45
1.28
0.012
0.45
SS
Max
30- Day
Ave
0.18
0.51
0.0046
0.18
O&G
Max
Day
0.45
1.28
0.012
0.45
Max
30- Day
Ave
0.065
0.51
0.0031
0.028
Max
Day
0.17
1.28
0.0080
0.075
           NOTE:   All value in terms or kg/kkg finished product.

-------
                                                    TABLE   515

                               RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BPCTCA)
                                     FOR MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
Subcategory

   A 29
   A 31
   A 32
   A 33
   A 34
   A 35
   A 36
   B 1
   B 2
   B 3
   B 4
   B 9
   C 4
   C 5
   D 4
   E 1-6
   F 2-4
          Units

kg/cu m finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg finished product
kg/kkg of raw material
kg/kkg of raw material
kg/kkg of raw material
kg/cu m of finished prod.
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
A 29rIII
A 31-11
A 32-11
A 33- XIV
A 34-111
A 35-1 I I
A 36-111
B l-III
B 2-III
B 3-III
B 4-III
B 9-II
C 4-II
C 5-II
D 4- IV
H
_
BOD
Max.
30- day Ave.
0.041
2.34
0.025
3.23
:0
0
208.5
0.78
0.81
1.07
2.38
0.65
1.3
0.080
0.060
0
0

Max. Day
0.10
5.85
0.063
6.46
0
0
417
1.95
2.03
2.68
5.94
1.63
3.9
0.24
0.18
0
0
SS
Max.
30-day Ave.
0.012
0.63
0.071
1.62
0
0
175.1
0.78
0.81
1.07
2.38
0.65
1.3
0.80
0.030
0
0

Max. Day
0.030
1.58
0.18
3.24
0
0
350
1.95
2.03
2.68
5.94
1.63
3.9
0.24
0.29
0
0
O&G
Max.
30-day Ave.
.
0.63
0.043
-
0
0
-
0.29
0.23
0.46
1.59
0.43
0.13
0.020
-
0
0

Max. Day
—
1.26
0.086
-
0
0
-
0.73
0.57
1.14
3.97
1.08
0.39
0.060
-
0
0

-------
  DRAFT
ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

Since the wastewaters generated by the miscellaneous foods and bever-
ages Industry are for the most part highly biodegradable,, biological
treatment is the most applicable technology.  As developed in Section
VII9 activated sludge and aerobic lagooning are the most applicable types
of biological treatment employed.  Commonly, high-strength industrial
waste requires modifications of the activated sludge design'  as applied
to^ treatment of municipal waste.  These modifications include longer
detention times9 completely mixed basins, and larger secondary clar-
ifiers.  The complete-mix system is preferred over other activated
sludge systems for food and beverage waste because it is less suscep-
tible to shock loads (the completely mixed basin partially smooths out
organic load variations), oxygen utilization rate is constant through-
out the basin9 and lined earthen basins can be used for economy.

The longer detention time is necessary because of the high BOD con-
centrations; it is not uncommon for a complete-mix system to require
several days of aeration, but it nevertheless should not be confused
with an extended aeration system.

A primary disadvantage of any activated sludge system is operational
difficulty.  Operators must be well trained specialists; the not uncommon
industrial practice of assigning personnel from the maintenance depart-
ment or the chemistry lab to "take care" of the wastewater treatment
plant has in many instances led to chronically poor treatment efficiencies.

Even with the best operations, however9 a biological system is susceptible
to periodic upsets.  Perhaps the most common problem is "sludge bulking"
in which rising sludge in final clarifiers causes floating matter to
be discharged in the plant's effluent.  The floating material can
considerably increase BOD and suspended solids concentrations in the
effluent.

Sludge bulking can often result from poor operation allowing inadequate
aeration or nutrient Ievels9 improper food to microorganism ratio9 or
improper sludge age.  It is essential that operators maintain frequent
(at least daily) testing of the dissolved oxygen levelss suspended
solids concentrations9 and nutrient concentrations in the aeration
basin9 the nutrient concentrations in the effluent, and, of course,
the sludge volume index.  But since upsets will invariably occur,
even with the best operation and most constant monitoring, it is to
be expected that upon occasion biological systems will far exceed the
maximum daily levels recommended in this document.

A second problem associated with biological systems is sludge generation.
The sludge from an activated sludge system can be expected to have a
solids content normally ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 percent.  In this docu-
ment it has been conservatively assumed that the sludge has a solids con-
tent of 0.5 percent; it should be realized that in many cases the con-

-------
  URAFT
centration will be higher and the sludge volume generated considerably
lower.

The disposal of sludge, as discussed in Section VIII, can be a serious
problem.  Land disposal (lagooning, land spreading, spray irrigation) is
the most common disposal method and usually the most cost effective.
The feasibility of land disposal of sludge (or wastewater for that matter)
is essentially one of economics—the availability of suitable land
reasonably close to the treatment  plant.  Pumping of sludge to disposal
areas up to ten miles from the treatment plant is usually justifiable,
and trucking of dewatered sludge even farther is common.   In some specific
cases, however, sludge disposal may produce severe hardships on particular
plants.

As discussed in Section VII, a variety of treatment modules other than
those discussed in this document may be employed in the miscellaneous
foods and beverage industry.  For particular installations, other modules
could be more cost effective.  This can only be determined on a case  by
case basis.

One of the most cost effective methods for wastewater treatment/disposal
is crop irrigation.  The limitations on the use of such disposal  must
be determined based on the nature of the wastewater as well as the
nature of the crop to be irrigated.  It should be noted that in some
instances nutrient addition might be necessary since many of the discharges
from miscellaneous foods and beverages industries are nutrient deficient.
If such is the case, a significant cost could be incurred.

Again, due to the fact that the treatment technologies developed in this
document are required to be applicable to all areas of the country, all
earthen basins recommended in this report have been lined with PVC liner.
It is to be expected that a number of the installations affected by this
study are located in areas where soil and geologic conditions make such
lining unnecessary.  For this reason, the cost of lining  has been shown
as a separate item in the cost tables of Section VIII.

Land costs have been shown as a discrete cost item for the same reason.
Of all factors associated with the cost analysis, land cost is certainly
the most variable.  It has been generally assumed that non-land restric-
tive treatment systems (e.g., activated sludge, vacuum filtration) are
required in highly industrialized areas of minimal land availability
and that land costs $41,000 per hectare ($16,600 per acre).  Non-land
restrictive treatment trains have been assumed to be located in semi-rural
areas with land costs of $4100 per hectare ($1660 per acre).  In a few
cases, where treatment trains are intermediate between land restrictive
and non-land restrictive, a cost of $20,500 per hectare ($8300 per acre)
has been assumed.

In reality, land costs can vary from a few hundred dolalrs per hectare
to several million depending on plant location.
                                1483

-------
  DRAFT
Evaporation has been chosen as a viable alternative for treating
high strength wastes in the rum and yeast industries.   Evaporative
concentration offers the advantage of reducing pollutant and hydraulic
loads to biological treatment while at the same time producing potentially
saleable by-products.   In addition, recovery equipment requires less
operating space than biological systems.

Evaporators must be designed and sized to fit the needs of individual
users.  Some major factors that determine equipment selection, and
therefore capital and operating costs, include:  (1) volume and initial
concentration of feed solution, (2) final by-product concentration,
(3) physical properties of the liquor to be treated, and (4) availability
of required utilities.  Currently available facilities ranging in size
from small pilot plants to installations providing 204,000 kg/hr
(450,000 Ib/hr) evaporation must be sized both on the volume of water
and the quantity of solids to be handled.  The more concentrated the
influent materialp the less water removal and therefore less energy
required to concentrate to a desired value.  For a given influent
volume, the final concentrate volume depends on the initial percentage
of solids in the influent.  An evaporator that concentrates a 2 per-
cent solids material to 30 percent solution removes over 90 percent
of the initial water while evaporating a 2 percent solution to only
15 percent removes over 80 percent of the water.  High concentration
frequently requires specialized equipment depending on the physical
characteristics of the liquid.  Physical  characteristics (156) of
evaporator liquor that influence equipment design, sizing, and operation
include viscosity, undissolved solids, temperature sensitivity, and
boiling point elevation.

All plants within each subcategory studied utilize similar basic
production processes.   Although there are deviations in equipment and
production procedures, these deviations do not significantly alter the
characteristics of the wastewater generated.  Application of the best
technology currently available does not require major changes in existing
industrial processes for the subcategories studied.  Water conservation
practices, improved housekeeping and product handling practices9 and
improved maintenance programs can be incorporated at virtually all plants
within a given subcategory.

The technology to achieve these recommended effluent limitations is
practiced within the subcategories under study or can be readily trans-
ferred from technology in other industries.  The concepts are proven,
available for implementation, and applicable to the wastes in question.
However, up to two years may be required from design initiation to plant
start-up.  The waste treatment techniques are also broadly applied within
many other industries.  The technology required may necessitate improved
monitoring of waste discharges and of waste treatment components on the
part of some plants, and may require more extensive training of personnel
in the operation and maintenance of waste treatment facilities.  However,
these procedures are currently practiced in some plants and are common
practice in many other industries.
                                1484

-------
  DRAFT
COSTS OF APPLICATION

The costs of obtaining the effluent reductions set forth herein are
itemized 1n Section VIII.  The; investment and yearly costs of the
recommended treatment alternatives are summarized in Table  516.

NON-WATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The primary non-water quality environmental impact of the  alternative
treatment technologies, as summarized in Section VIII, is the generation
of sludges requiring ultimate land disposal.  Available technology,
however, if properly applied can assure that land disposal systems
are maintained, commensurate with soil tolerances and in such a manner
as to prevent ground water contamination.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN APPLYING EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

The above assessment of what constitutes the Best Practicable Control
Technology Currently Available is predicted on the assumption of a
degree of uniformity among plants within each subcategory that does
not necessarily exist in all cases.  One of the more significant var-
iations that must be taken into account in applying limitations is
availability of land for retention and/or treatment of wastewater.
While the control technologies described herein have been formulated
in most cases for minimal land requirements, individual cases of extreme
lack of land may present difficulties in applying even these technologies.
In other cases, the degree of land availability may dictate one treatment
alternative over another, or allow treatment costs to be considerably
less than those presented.

In the case of multi-product plants, an important point to consider is
that the summation of the parts may not necessarily make up the theore-
tical whole.  A plant, for example, that processes products covered under
several of the subcategories covered in this document could be theore-
tically expected to meet a cumulative limitation; however, quite often
the cumulative wastewater from such a plant will exceed the calculated
quantity.

There are several subcategories in which no correlation may exist
between the final effluent and the unit of production on a short term
basis due to the batch nature of the process or to the cleanup periods.
For example, distillers  (Subcategories A22, A23, and A24) may not mash
grain for periods of one to five days while fermentation, distillation,
etc., are still contributing to the waste effluent.  The same case exists
for malt beverage breweries (Subcategories A16, A17, and A18) and
wineries (Subcategories A20 and A21).  In such cases, it is recommended
that the plant capacity, measured on a long term basis, be utilized in
applying the effluent limitations.
                                1485

-------
DRAFT
                         TABLE  516

           SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT AND YEARLY  COSTS
             FOR TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES (BPCTCA)
  Subcategory

 (Vegetable oil
  processing and
  refining)

     A 1
     A 2
     A 3
     A 4
     A 5
     A 6
     A 7
     A 8
     A 9
     A 10
     A 11
     A 12
     A 13
     A 14
     A 15

  (Beverages)

     A 16
     A 17
     A 18
     A 19
     A 20
     A 21
     A 22
     A 23
     A 24
     A 25
     A 26
     A 27
     A 28
     A 30
     C 8
     C 9
     C 10
Recommended
 Treatment
Alternative
   Total
Investment
   Cost
Total
Yearly
 Cost
 A l-II
 A 2-II
 A 3-1
 A 4-II
 A 5-IV
 A 6-IV
 A 7-IV
 A 8-IV
 A 9-IV
 A 10-IV
 A 11-IV
 A 12-IV
 A 13-111
 A 14-111
 A 15-111
      V
      V
      V
      IV
      II
      II
      VI
      II
      II
      II
      IV
      IV
 A 28-VII
 A 30-11
 C 8-II
 C 9-III
 C 10-111
    172,650
     19,450
     40,850
    254,970
    386,850
    497,190
    718,630
    628,590
    743,140
    646,270
    813,980
    722,000
    295,200
    217,340
          0
  32,580
   1,510
   i5,460
  49,530
  91,380
 116,050
 164,520
 140,210
 171,620
 146,640
 191,110
 166,810
  70,200
  44,070
   1,200
3,730,960
11,377,110
1,056,780
709,240
414,130
381,640
839,260
133,720
2,644,060
14,670
210,270
264,650
393,000
358,430
181,710
319,720
625,620
1,029,500
3,107,230
440,710
176,410
116,400
52,310
221,570
28,200
698,640
153,470
47,070
61,140
109,130
97,010
78,600
109,440
220,010
                              1486

-------
DRAFT
                     TABLE  516 (CONT'D)
  Subcategory

  (Bakery and
  Confectionery
  Products)

     C 1
     C 2
     C 3
     C 7
     D 1
     D 2
     D 3
     D 5
     D 6

  (Pet Foods)

     B 5
     B 6
     B 7
     B 8

  (Miscellaneous
  and Special
  Products)

     A 29
     A 31
     A 32
     A 33
     A 34
     A 35
     A 36
     B 1
     B 2
     B 3
     B 4
     B 9
     C 4
     C 5
     C 12
Recommended
 Treatment
Alternative
    Total
 Investment
    Cost
   Total
  Yearly
   Cost
 C l-III
 C 2-IV
 C 3-II
 C 7-V
 D 1-IV
 D 2-IV
 D 3-IV
 D 5-V
 D 6-V
 B 5-III
 B 6-IV
 B 7-III
 B 8-III
 A 29-111
 A 31-11
 A 32-11
 A 33-V
 A 34-111
 A 35-111
 A 36-111
 B l-III
 B 2-III
 B 3-III
 B 4-III
 B 9-II
 C 4-II
 C 5-II
 C 12-11
$1,001,190
   262,420
   195,350
   281,170
   425,670
   319,750
   248,350
   954,170
   581,990
   511,100
   889,940
   125,910
   717,810
$389,640
  69,300
  52,510
 101,490
 116,120
 101,670
  82,920
 227,630
 144,720
 125,490
 398,130
  34,380
 194,050
143,380
264,500
157,360
2,262,380
12,800
12,710
2,315,170
606,680
239,580
804,610
297,240
481 ,600
246,090
233,760
11,540
37,280
59,290
40,610
686,240
2,400
1,560
1,032,870
169,940
63,640
251,790
54,350
130,770
48,270
32,620
22,960
                              1487

-------
  DRAFT
Another factor to be considered is that a biological treatment system
requires a period of stabilization up to several weeks before optimum
efficiency can be expected.  During this start-up period, large varia-
tions in both BOD and suspended solids concentrations can be expected
in the discharge.

Variations in the effluent may also be expected due to upsets of a
biological treatment system.  The maximum daily limitations recommended
herein do not make allowance for such upsets.  When upsets occur, these
parties responsible for treatment plant operation should immediately
report the occurence to the appropriate authorities, take the necessary
steps to correct the situation, and report the probable cause of the
upset.

Climatic conditions may also affect biological systems.  Although the
treatment systems developed herein were done so for relatively cold
winters (the equivalent of upper New York State), decreased biological
activity can be normally expected during winter months.  In extremely
cold climates (e.g., North Dakota, Alaska), added cost may be necessary
for the heating of treatment systems.
                                 1488

-------
  DRAFT
                              SECTION X

       EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH  THE  APPLICATION  OF
         THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
                    EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES
The effluent limitations which must be achieved by July 1,  1983,  are
to specify the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the
application of the best available technology economically achievable.
The best available technology economically achievable is not based
upon an average of the best performance within an industrial  category,
but is to be determined by identifying the very best control  and
treatment technology employed by a specific point source within the
industrial category or subcategory, or where it is readily  transferable
from one industrial process to another.  A specific finding must  be
made as to the availability of control measures and practices to  elim-
inate the discharge of pollutants, taking into account the  cost of  such
elimination.

Consideration must also be given to:

     1.   The age of equipment and facilities involved;

     2.   The process employed;

     3.   The engineering aspects of the application of various
          types of control techniques;

     4.   Process change;

     5.   Cost of achieving the effluent reduction resulting from
          application of the best economically achievable technology;

     6.   Non-water quality environmental impact (including energy
          requirements).

In contrast to the best practicable control technology currently  available
the best economically achievable technology assesses the availability  in
all cases of in-process controls as well as control or additional treat-
ment techniques employed at the end of a production process.

Those plant processes and control technologies which at the pilot plant
semi-works, or other level, have demonstrated both technological  perfor-
mances and economic viability at a level sufficient to reasonably justify
investing in such facilities may be considered in assessing the best
available economically achievable technology.  The best available eco-
nomically achievable technology is the highest degree of control  technology
that has been achieved or has been demonstrated to be capable of  being
designed for plant scale operation up to and including "no  discharge" of
                                 1489

-------
  DRAFT
pollutants.  Although economic factors are considered in this development,
the costs for this level of control  are intended to be the top-of-the-line
of current technology subject to limitations imposed by economic and
engineering feasibility.  However, the best available technology economi-
cally achievable may be characterized by some technical risk with respect
to performance and with respect to certainty of costs.  Therefore, the
best available technology economically achievable may necessitate some
industrially sponsored development work prior to its application.

EFFLUENT REDUCTIONS ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE BEST
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE

Based upon the information contained in Sections III through VIII of this
document, it has been determined that the degree of effluent reduction
attainable through the application of the best available technology
economically achievable Is as listed in Tables 517 through 521 .

Recommendations concerning pH, temperature, floating oil and grease,
and nickel are the same as presented in Section IX.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE

The Best Available Technology Economically Achievable for the miscellan-
eous foods and beverage industry, as described in Section VII, is gener-
ally the equivalent of tertiary physical/chemical treatment.  The recom-
mended treatment alternatives are indicated in Tables 517 through 52T .

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

The engineering aspects of this level of technology are the same as
discussed in Section IX.

COSTS OF APPLICATION
The costs of obtaining the effluent reductions set forth herein are
Itemized in Section VIII.  The investment and yearly costs of the recom-
mended treatment alternatives are summarized in Table 522 .

NON-WATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The non-water quality environmental impact of this level of technology
is the same as that discussed in Section IX.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN APPLYING EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

As indicated above, the technology for this level is characterized by
some technical risk with respect to performance and certainty of cost;
it is expected that development work will be necessary prior to its
application.  Other factors to be considered include those discussed in
Section IX.
                                 1490

-------
TABLE 517
RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BATEA) FOR VEGETABLE -OIL PROCESSING & REFINING .
Subcategory Units
A 1 kg/kkg oilseed crushed
A 2
A 3 kg/kkg olives processed
A 4 " "
A 5 kg/kkg crude oil processed
A 6 "
A 7 " • "
A 8 "
A 9
A 10
A 11
A 12
A 13 kg/kkg finished product
A 14 " "
A 15
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
III
II
I
II
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
IV
IV
I
BOD
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.0036
0
0
0
0.021
0.035
0.076
0.051
0.073
0.048
0.076
0.060
0.030
0.0080
0
Max.
Day
0.090
0
0
0
0.052
0.087
0.19
0.13
0.18
0.12
0.19
0.15
0.075
0.020
0
SS
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.0045
0
0
0
0.017
0.030
0.063
0.051
0.073
0.056
0.087
0.072
0.037
0.0080
0
Max.
Day
0.011
0
0
0
0.043
0.075
0.16
0.13
0.18
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.092
0.020
0
O&G
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.0027
0
0
0
0.0070
0.012
0.025 ,
0.020
0.029
0.024
0.035
0.030
0.037
0.004
0
Max.
Day
0.0068
0
0
0
0.017
0.030
0.062
0.050
0.073
0.060
0.087
0.075
0.092
0.12
0

-------
                                                              TABLE  518
                                 RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BATEA) FOR BEVERAGES
-P.
10
ro
Subcategory
A 16
A 17
A 18
A 19
A 20
A 20
A 21
A 22
A 23
A 24
A 25
A 26
A 27
                       Units
                   kg/cu m beer produced
kg/kkg barley processed
kg/kkg grapes crushed
kg/cu m wine produced

kg/kkg grain mashed
n                 n
kg/1000 proof gal produced

kg/cu m finished product
                                                                        BOD
                                                                                           SS
                                                                                                  O&G
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
VI
VI
VI
V
III
III
II
VII
III
III
II
V
V
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.14
0.27
0.24
0.11
0.38
0.14
	
0.13
0.027
0.58
0
0.026
0.12
Max.
Day
0.35
0.67
0.60
0.27
1.1
0.14
	
0.32
0.062
1.55
0
0.065
0.30
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.19
0.38
.0.34
0.065
0.054
0.19
	
0.16
0.036
0.35
0
0.015
0.070
Max.
Max. 30-day
Day Ave.
0.48 	
0.95
0.85 	
0.16 	
0.16
0.56
.... 	
0.40
0.09 	
0.86 	
0 	
0.037 	
0.17 . 	
Max.
Day
	
	
	
	
	
• 	

	
	
	
	
....

-------
                                                          TABLE  518 (CON'T)
S
to
Subcategory
A 28
A 30
C 8
C 9
C 10
F 1
                          Units
                     kg/cu m finished product
                     kg/kkg finished product
                     kg/kkg coffee buns
                                                                          BOO
                                                                                        SS
O&G
Reconroended
Treatment
Alternative
XI
V
III
III
IV

Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.0025
1.0
0.030
0.10
0.25
0
Max.
Day
0.0063
2.5
0.009
0.25
0.60
0
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.00050
1.0
0.030
0.10
0.25
0
Max.
Day
0.0013
2.5
0.09
0.25
0.60
0
Max.
30-day
Ave.
.._— _
	
0.020
0.050
0.16
0
Max
. Day
	
0.06
0.13
0.40
0

-------
-Ji
vo
                                                       TABLE   519




               RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BATEA)  FOR BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
                                              BOD                 SS                         O&G                       "*
Subcategory
C 1
C 2
C 3
C 7
D 1
D 2
D 3
D 5
D 6
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
IV
V
III
VI
VI
V
V
VII
VII
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.25
0.030
0.030
0.050
0.075
6.080
0.030
0.075
0.045
Max.
Day
0.65 .
0.090
0.090
0.13
0.22
0.24
0.090
0.22
0.13
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.25
0.030
0.030
0.050
0.040
0.045
0.035
0.035
0.060
Max.
Day
0.65
0.090
0.090
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.18
Max.
30-day
Ave,
0.04
0.020
0.020
0.030
	
	
	
	
0.01
Max.
Day
0.10
0.060
0.060
0.080
	
	

	
0.03
         NOTE:      All  units  in  terms of kg/kkg finished product.

-------
to
01
                                                        TABLE  520



                            RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES (BATEA) FOR PET FOOD


                                               BOD                 SS                         O&G
Subcategory
B 5
B 6
B 7
B 8
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
IV
V
IV
IV
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.09
0.26
0.0023
0,090
Max
Day
0.23
0.64
0.0060
0.23
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.09
0.26
0.0023
0.090
Max.
Day
0.23
0.64
0.0060
0.23
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.033
0.26
0.0016
0.014
Max.
Day
0.085
0.64
0.0040
0.038
          NOTE:    All  units  in  terms  of kg/kkg finished product.

-------
TABLE 521
                                                                  c
RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS. GUIDELINES
(BATEA) FOR MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
BOD
Subcategory Units
A 29 kg/cu m finished product
A 31 kg/kkg finished product
A 32 "
A 33 .' "
A 34 "
A 35 "
A 36 . "
B 1
B 2
B 3
B 4 "
B 9 kg/kkg raw material
C 4
C 5 " "
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
VI
V
IV
VI
III
III
VII
IV
IV
IV
III
III
V
IV
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.020
1.1
0.11
1.6
0
0
104
0.39
0.41
0.54
1.2
0.33
0.21
0.030
Max.
Day
0.050
2.7
0.26
3.2
0
0
209
0.98
1.0
1.3
3.0
0.82
0.63
0.090
ss
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0.0062
0.31
0.014
0.81
0
0
83.4
0.39
0.41
0.54
1.2
0.33
0.21
0.030
O&G
Max.
Day
0.016
0.78
0.035
1.6
0
0
167
0.98
1.0
1.3
3.0
0.82
0.63
0.090
Max.
30-day
Ave.
	
0.31
0.014
	
0
0
	
0.15
0.12
0.23
0.80
0.22
0.07
0.010
Max.
Day
0.62
0.028
	
0
0

0.37
0.29
0.57
3.0
0.54
0.21
0.030

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DRAFT
                           TABLE  522
  SUMMARY OF  INVESTMENT AND YEARLY COSTS FOR TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES
                             (BATEA)
          Recommended
          Treatment
          Alternative
Subcategory

(Vegetable
Oil Processing
and Refining)

A  1               III
A  2               II
A  3               I
A  4               II
A  5               V
A  6               V
A  7               V
A  8               V
A  9               V
A  10              V
A  11              V
A  12              V
A  13              IV
A  14              IV
A  15              III

(Beverages)

A  16              VI
A  17              VI
A  18              VI
A  19              V
A  20              III
A  21              II
A  22              VII
A  23              III
A  24              III
A  25              II
A  26              V
A  27              V
A  28              XI
A  30              V
C  8               III
C  9               III
C  10              IV
   Total
Investment
   Cost
 Total
Yearly
 Cost
                                  $
   189,960
    19,450
    40,850
   254,970
   459,900
   620,340
 1,004,970
   856,530
   075,830
   919,530
   214,140
 1,063,760
   327,930
   259,260
       0.0
                                  3,870,380
                                 11,778,750
                                  1,594,850
                                    761,830
                                    434,350
                                    381,640
                                    884,220
                                    149,750
                                  2,671,130
                                     14,670
                                    227,790
                                    288,560
                                    474,860
                                    382,030
                                    207,430
                                    319,720
                                  5,956,320
    37,680
     1,510
     5,460
    49,530
   117,120
   148,780
   216,450
   183,240
   229,000
   199,530
   256,440
   225,270
    79,280
    62,190
     1,200
                    1,062,060
                    3,201,290
                      461,230
                      187,330
                      122,300
                       52,310
                      232,060
                       32,940
                      705,710
                      153,470
                       52,630
                       67,840
                      137,000
                      103,680
                       85,260
                      109,440
                    1,321,270
                              1498

-------
        Subcategory        Units
        C 12
        D 4          kg/cu m finished product
        E 1-6
        F 2-4
                                                           TABLE  521  (CON'T)
                                                                       BOD        	SS                	QiG
Recommended
Treatment
Alternative
II
V
	

Max.
30-day
Ave.
0
0.040
0
0
Max.
Day
0
0.12
0
0
Max.
30-day
Ave.
0
0.020
0
0
Max.
Day
0
0.060
0
0
Max.
30-day
. Ave.
0
	
0
0
Max.
Day
0
	
0
0
vo

-------
      DRAFT
                          TABLE 522(CONT'D)
              Recommended
              Treatment
Subcategory   Alternative

(Bakery and
Confectionery
Products)

C 1               IV
C 2               V
C 3               III
C 7               VI
D 1               VI
D 2               V
D 3               V
D 5               VII
D 6               VII

(Pet
Foods)

B 5               IV
B 6               V
B 7               IV
B 8               IV

(Misc. and
Spec. Products)

A 29              VI
A 31              V
A 32              IV
A 33              VI
A 34              III
A 35              III
A 36              VII
B 1               IV
B 2               IV
B 3               IV
B 4               III
B 9               III
C 4               V
C 5               IV
C 12              II
D 4               V
   Total
Investment
   Cost
  Total
 Yearly
  Cost
 ,036,100
  291,510
  211,550
  313,890
  276,080
  352,020
  281,420
  605,250
  686,580
  557,310
  956,910
  153,030
  913,950
  160,180
  281,050
  183,100
2,308,260
   12,800
   12,710
2,352,740
  652,580
  257,830
  850,820
  297,240
  523,790
  205,920
  137,640
   11,540
  271,660
  399,420
   76,970
   57,310
  110,570
   79,650
  102,230
   92,150
  207,990
  168,720
  138,950
  410,850
   41,450
  213,510
   42,240
   64,180
   47,270
  696,940
    2,400
    1,560
1,041,740
  183,010
   69,020
  265,250
   54,350
  140,590
   39,960
   22,010
   22,960
   92,930
                                      1499

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  DRAFT
                             SECTION XI

                  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS


This level of technology is to be achieved by new sources.   The term
"new source" is defined in the Act to mean "any source,  the construc-
tion of which is commended after the publication of proposed regulations
prescribing a standard of performance."   New source technology shall be
evaluated by adding to the consideration underlying the  identification
of best available technology economically achievable a determination of
what higher levels of pollution control  are available through the use
of improved production processes and/or  treatment techniques.  Thus, in
addition to considering the best in-plant and end-of-process control
technology, identified in best available technology economically achievable,
new source technology is to be based upon an analysis of how the level of
effluent may be reduced by changing the  production process  itself.  Alter-
native processes, operating methods or other alternatives must be con-
sidered.  However, the end result of the analysis will be to identify
effluent standards which reflect levels  of control achievable through
the use of improved production processes (as well as control technology),
rather than prescribing a particular type of process or  technology which
must be employed.  A further determination which must be made for new
source technology is whether a standard  permitting no discharge of pol-
lutants is practicable.

At least the following factors should be considered with respect to
production processes which are to be analyzed in assessing  new source
technology:

     1.   The type of process employed and process changes;

     2.   Operating methods;

     3.   Batch as opposed to continuous operations;

     4.   Use of alternative raw materials and mixes of  raw materials;

     5.   Use of dry rather than wet processes (including substitution
          of recoverable solvents for water); and

     6.   Recovery of pollutants as by-products.

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE MISCELLANEOUS FOODS AND BEVERAGES
POINT SOURCE CATEGORY

Based upon the information contained in Sections  III through VIII of this
document, it has been determined that the degree of effluent reduction
obtainable for new sources is as follows:
                                1501

-------
     Subcategories A 1 - 15
     Subcategory A - 16
—  the same as that developed in
    Section IX.

--  maximum 30-day average and maximum
    day^BOD and suspended solids, respectively
    0.070, 0.17, 0.097, 0.24 kg/cu m beer
    produced.
     Subcategories A 17 - 18 —
     Subcategory A 20
     Subcategory A 21
     Subcategory A 29
    not applicable since, by definition,
    there can be no new sources within
    these Subcategories.

    maximum 30-day average and maximum
    day BOD and suspended solids, respectively:
    0.23, 0.69, 0.031, and 0.093 kg/kkg grapes
    crushed.

   , maximum 30-day average and maximum
   'day BOD and suspended solids, respectively:
    0.083, 0.025, 0.11, and 0.34 kg/cu m wine
    produced.

    maximum 30-day average and maximum day
    BOD and suspended solids, respectively:
    0.012, 0.03, 0.0040, 0.010 kg/cu m
    finished flavors produced.
     All other Subcategories —  the same as that developed in Section X.

PRETREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS

In general, wastewaters from the miscellaneous foods and beverage
industry contain no constituents that are considered to be incompatible
with a well designed and operated municipal wastewater treatment plant,
nor any constituents that would pass through such a system.

Potential problems which could occur include (1) slug loads due to wide
variations of flow and/or waste strength with time, (2) acidic or
caustic wastes, (3) excessive oil and grease concentrations, and (4) in-
adequate dilution in the municipal system for particular high strength
wastes.  Each of these problems must be considered on a case by case
basis in terms of both the nature of the industrial wastewater and the
capacity of the municipal system.

The problem of slug loads can usually be alleviated by the use of flow
equalization prior to discharge.  Adjustment of pH may be necessary if
the pH of the raw wastewater is below 6.0 or above 9.0, although a
given municipality may have requirements differing from this.  In any
industrial operation oil and grease contamination is a possibility and,
if in-plant. measures, are inadequate to prevent its occurence ,in the plant's
effluent, facilities for oil skiriming may have to be provided.
                                1502

-------
  DRAFT
In the case of vegetable and animal fats and oils, virtually all  plants
having these constituents in their wastewaters currently provide
skimming, gravity separation, and, in some cases, dissolved air flot-
ation before discharge to municipal sewers.

Those industries which generate wastewaters with significant concentrations
of vegetable or animal fats and oils include vegetable oil processing and
refining; coffee production; bakery and confectionery production  (specifically
Subcategories C 1, C 2, C 3, C 7, D 5, and D 6); Pet Food production; and
Subcategories A 31, A 32, B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4, B 9, and C 5.

In the case of extremely high strength industrial waste being discharged
to a relatively small municipal system, considerable pretreatment (even
to the extent of equivalent secondary treatment) may be necessary.   A
careful accessment must be made of the dilution capacity of a municipal
system before discharging such an industrial waste to it.

Of all the industries considered herein, only ice manufacturing and olive
oil processing yielded concentrations of dissolved solids and/or  chlorides
appreciably above those levels found in municipal sewage.  Whether a
municipality should accept high dissolved solids or chlorides must be
decided on a case by case basis.
                                 1503

-------
  DRAFT
                            SECTION XII

                          ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


This document was prepared by Environmental  Science and Engineering,
Inc. (ESE), of Gainesville, Florida.  The Project Director was
Mr. John U. Crane, P.E.

The study involved the services of four  additional offices.   SCS Engineers
of Long Beach, California (SCSL) was responsible for data collection, de-
finition of the industry, wastewater characterization, development of
control and treatment technology, and recommendations of guidelines for
pet food, frozen specialties, chili pepper and paprika, dehydrated soup,
and macaroni products.  SCS Engineers of Reston, Virginia, (SCSR)  held
similar responsibilities for coffee, bakery products, eggs, manufactured
ice, prepared sandwiches, and chicory.  Environmental Associates,  Inc.
(EAI) of Corvallis, Oregon, was responsible for candy and confectionery
products, chocolate products, chewing gum, vinegar, popcorn, molasses,
honey, and sweetening syrups/and provided assistance in the study of the
California wine industry.  Reynolds, Smith & Hills (RSH) of Jacksonville,
Florida, provided much of the preliminary work for cost analyses.   Also,
Dr. Richard H. Jones, P.E., of Gainesville provided consultation in the
development of basic treatment design assumptions.  Cost analyses  for
all subcategories were performed by ESE.  Computerized data handling
services were provided by EAI.

The key personnel on the ESE team included Mr. David R. Swift who  managed
the vegetable oil processing and refining segment of the study; Mr. James
B. Cowart who managed the malt beverage, malt, distilled spirits,  wine,
and soft drink industries; Mr. Edward M. Kellar who managed much of the
field work for ESE in addition to assuming responsibilities for peanut
butter and yeast; Mr. Wayne Pandorf who  was responsible for pectin,
olive oil, tea, and various other products; Mr. Daniel P. Casali who managed
ESE's in-house data handling and computerized cost analysis systems;  and
Mr. Jack B. Sosebee who directed the laboratory analyses of all wastewater
samples collected for the project.

The Project Manager for SCSL was Mr. J.  Curtis Schmidt, P.E., and  his
principal assistant was Mr. Kenneth LaConde.  The Project Manager  for
SCSR was Mr. E. T. Conrad, P.E., who was assisted by Messrs. Gary  L.  Mitchell,
David H. Bauer, Richard W. Corvlin, and  Thomas A. Wimmer.  The Project
Manager for EAI was Mr. Dennis W. Taylor; Mr. Michael D. Swayne and
Mr. James M. Reiman developed and operated EAI's computerized data handling
system.

Invaluable technical  direction and guidance were provided by the Effluent
Guidelines Division of EPA.  Appreciation is particularly expressed to the
Project Officer, Mr.  Richard V. Watkins, P.E., and to the Assistant Project

-------
  DRAFT
Officers, Messrs.  David Alexander and Gary Fischer,  for their dedica-
tion, encouragement, and technical and administrative assistance.
Acknowledgement is also due to numerous plant managers, plant engineers,
and other industry personnel without whose cooperation and assistance
in site visits and information gathering, the project could not have
been completed.
The list of industry officials who spent considerable time in traveling
to and attending meetings throughout the country, in gathering and
providing information, and in critiquing the work as it developed; and
government officials, both federal and local, who provided assistance,
is far too long to be included in this section.   But special recognition
and appreciation is due to the following:
      Mr. Dwight Bergquist, Henningsen Foods, Inc.
      Mr. F. M. Bloomberg, Rieel and Foods, who contributed considerable
      input to the process description for soybean oil degumming.
      Mr. Salvatore Cannavo, L. A. Dreyfus Company
      Mr. Marion Glower, Joseph E. Seagram and Sons, Inc.
      Mr. Hugh Cook and Mr. Ted Weller, California Wine Institute.
      Mr. John Eck, Fleischmann Distilling Company.
      Mr. Giles S. Farmer, Anderson-Clayton Foods, who gave invaluable
      assistance in preparation of the process descriptions for edible
      oils.
      Dr. Paul Hess, Hershey Foods.
      Mr. Bernard Hurst, James B. Beam Distilling Company
      Mr. Harry Korab and the members of the Effluent Control Committee,
      National Soft Drink Association.
      Dr. Hans Lineweaver, USDA,  Western Region  Research Laboratory,
      Berkely, California.
      Miss Jacqueline McCurdy, Distilled Spirits Council of the United States.
      Mr. Paul Peters, ITT Continental Bakeries.
      Dr. A. C. Rice, Taylor Wine Company, who organized a technical corn^-
      mittee to represent the New York Wine Industry.
      Mr. Jim Rullman, Schenley Distillers.
                                1506

-------
  DRAFT
      Dr.  Edward Segel  and  the members of the Effluent Committee, United
      States Brewers Association.

The staffs of all offices involved—secretaries, technicians, and engineers-
deserve special  recognition and  appreciation for an effort requiring dedica-
tion, hard work, and long hours  to  produce a massive amount of work in an
incredibly short period of time.
                                1507

-------
    DRAFT


                               REFERENCES
 1.     Handbook For Monitoring Industrial  Wastewater,  U.S.  Environmental
        Protection Agency (August 1973).

 2.     Census of Manufactures, (1972)  Industry  Series, U.S. Department
        of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,  MC72(P)-20A-2, Washington,
        D.C., March, 1974.

 3.     Egg Products, United States Department of Agriculture, Statistical
        Reporting Service,  Crop Reporting Board, Pou  2-5  (7-74), Washington,
        D.C., July 26, 1974.

 4.     Gorman, J., Seymour Foods, Inc., Personal  Communication,(December
        19, 1974).

 5.     Preliminary Report  1972 Census  of Manufactures  Industry  Series,
        Bread, Cake, and Related Products,  United States  Department
        of Commerce, MC72(P)-20E-1, Washington,  D.C., January 1972.

 6.     Gerrish, D.s Secretary, American Bakers  Association, Personal Commun-
        ication (September  19, 1974).

 7.     Bergquist, H., Chief Chemist, S. B.  Thomas Baking Company, Personal
        Communication;(November 26, 1974).

 8.     Creed, J., Executive Vice President, Biscuit  and  Cracker Manufacturers'
        Association, Personal  Communication  (December 26, 1974).

 9.     Pieper, W.E., Secretary, Biscuit and Cracker  Manufacturers' Associa-
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10.     Lees, R., Jackson,  E.  B., Sugar Confectionery and Chocolate Manufac-
        ture, Leonard Hills Books, Aylesbury, Great Britain, 1973.

11.     Soderquist, M. R.,  "Activated Carbon Renovation of Spent Cherry
        Brine," JWPCF. 43 (8).(August,  1971).

12.     Cook, M. K., "Manufacture of Chewing Gum", L. A.  Drefus  Company.

13.     Dunning, W. 1956, "Unit Operations  in a  Mechanical Extractions
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14.     USDA Marketing Research Report  1972.

15.     U.S. Dept. of Commerce 1974 Statistics.

16.     Smith, A. K., "Practical Considerations  in Commerical Utilization
        of Oilseeds," Journal  of the American Oil  Chemists'  Society, 48:
       (January, 1971).
                                   1509

-------
    UKMM
17.     Winner, S., 1974, "The Changing Face of the Soybean Market",  Soybean
        Digest Blue Book, March 1974.
18.     Doty, H.O., and Lawler, J.  V., 1971, "Present and Potential Markets
        for Safflower Oil," Fats and Oils Situation:(June. 1974).
19.     Cofield, E. P., 1951, "Solvent Extraction  of Oilseed,"  Chemical
        Engineering;(Jan. 1951).
20.     Brennan, P. J., 1963, "Making the Most out of Cottonseed Processing"
        Chemical Engineering:(Jan.  1963).
21.     Rockwell, C. R., 1971, "Dust Control". Journal  of the American Oil
        Chemists' Society (Jan. 1971).
22.     Hutchin's, R.  P., 1968, "Processing Control of Crude Oil Production
        from Oilseeds," Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society (November
        1968).
23.     Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing Equipment,  "Solvent Extraction
        Equipment," Reinhold Publishing Corporation,  New York,  N.  Y.
24.     Markley, K.S., Soybeans and Soybean Products, Interscience,  Pub.,N.Y.
25.     Kingsbaker, C. L., 1970, Solvent Extraction Techniques  for Soybeans
        and Oilseeds:     Resolventizing and Toasting",  Journal  of the American
        Oil Chemists'  Society,(October, 1970).
26.     Bloomberg, F.  Personal  Communication (1974).
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                                  1510

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    DRAFT
34.     Economic Research Report by the Wine Advisory Board,  1972 -
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                                  1511

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50.  Commodities Yearbook. 1974.

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                                 1512

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                                 1513

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                                 1515

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110.  Lewis, H.  V., Bays,  J.  D.,  "Application of  Ceramic Diffusers
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                                 1519

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                               1520

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                               1521

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Porges, R., Struzeski, E. J., "Waste From the Soft Drink Bottling
Industry," JWPCF, 33, (2) (February 1961).

Rao, B. S., "A Low Cost Waste Treatment Method for the Disposal of
Distillery Waste (Spent Wash)," Water Research. 6_, Pergamon Press, 1972.

"A Report on Bottled and Canned Soft Drinks, SIC 2086, and Flavoring
Extracts and Syrups, SIC 2087," Associated Water and Air Research
Engineers, Inc. (August 1971).

"Report on Investigation of Wastewater Treatment and Disposal at the
Paul Masson Winery, Soledad,  Califronia," Kennedy Engineers, Inc.
(November 1974).
                               1522

-------
"Reuse, Recovery, Lower Pollution From Brewery," Environmental Science
and Technology. £ (June 1972).

Ridgway, J. W., et. a].., "Progress on the Spary Drying of Distillers'
Solubles," 3rd Industrial Waste Conference. Purdue (1947).

Shaw, P. A., "Pollution of the Mokelumne River by Winery Wastes,"
Sewage Works Journal. j), (4)  (July 1973).

Smith, A. J., "Waste Treatment in The Liquor Distilling Industry,"
National Distillers and Chemical Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio.

"Stainless Steel Modernizes Winemaking," Food Engineering (January 1970),

Stokes, R. D., "An Evaluation of Current Practice in The Treatment
of Winery Wastes," University of New South Wales, Thesis (February 1967),

Trauberman, L.,  "Schlitz Builds Pacesetting Brewery," Food Engineering
(September 1972).

Vaughn, R. H, Marsh, 6. L., "Disposal of California Winery Waste,"
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 45 (December 1953).

Von Lossberg, e_t. al_., "Brewery Wastes and Treatment,"  26th Industrial
Waste Conference, Extension Series 140 (May 1971).

Wagner, P., "Wines, Grape Vines, and Climate," American Hines and
Winemaking, Alfred A. Knopp, 1956.

Wallach, A., Wolman, A., "Industrial Wastes - Treatment of Distillery
Wastes," Sewage Works Journal, J4., (2) (March 1942).

"Winery Innovates Waste Treatment," Food Engineering (June 1972).

Woodley, R. A., "Spray Irrigation of Fermentation Wastes," Water and
Wastes Engineering, 6_, (3) (March 1969).

               MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

Asquew, S., McCormick and Company, Inc., Personal Communication
(January 1975).

Barma, B., Kalamazoo Spice Extraction Company, Personal  Communication
(December 6, 1974).

Blanchard, D.  B., A. C. Legg Packing Company, Inc., Personal Commun-
ication (December 1974).

Cerosky, R. F., General Foods Corporation, Kalumet Baking Powder,
Personal Communication (December 16, 1974).

Frey, C. N., "History and Development of the Modern Yeast Industry,"
Industrial  and Engineering Chemistry, 22, (11) (November 1930).
                               1523

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DRAFT
Goldstein, E., Cumberland Manufacturing Company, Personal Communication
(December 9, 1974).

Janson, A., French Foods, Inc., Personal Communication (December 1974).

Kayser, W. C., Hulman and Company Manufacturers, Clabber Girl Baking
Powder, Personal Communication (December 27, 1974).

Krause, H., Baltimore Spice Company, Personal Communication (December
1974).

"The Manufacture of Dried Food Yeast," Anheuser-Busch, Inc., St. Louis,
Mo. (October 1951).

Masincup, R., Plant Manager, Virginia Egg Producers, Inc., Personal
Communication (December 5, 1974).

Miller, H. K., "Baking Powders," Florida Agricultural Esp. Station,
Bulletin No. 52 (February 1900).

Padula, A., R. C. Bigelow, Inc., Personal Communication (December 12,
1974).

"Peaunts - Culture and Uses," American Peanut Research Education Assoc.,
Inc. (1973).

Regos, L. C., Astor Products, Inc. Personal Communication (December 6,
(1974).

Reichman, R., Farmer Brothers, Inc., Personal Communcation (December 6,
(1974).

Rhee, K. C., et. a\_.t "Recovers Protein From Peanuts," Food Engineering,
(May 1973).

Schilling, A., Lawry's Foods, Inc., Personal Communication (December 4,
1974).

Tone, T., Tone Brothers, Inc., Personal Communication (December 4, 1974).

Wysocki, G., "Recovers Salable Products from Waste Yeast," Food
Engineering (October 1972).

Zimmerman, D., Watkins Products, Inc., Personal  Communication (December
6, 1974).

                              GENERAL

Anderson, D., "Developments in Effluent Treatment in The Food Industry,"
Water and Sewage Works. 117, (7) (July/August 1970).
                               1524

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DRAFT
Beck, E. C., Bt. al_., "Electrocoagulation Clarifies Food Wastewater,"
Food Technology (February 1974).

Bendixen, T. W., et. al., "Cannery Waste Treatment by Spray Irrigation-
Runoff," JWPCF. 41_, (IT (March 1969).

Berg, E. L., Brunner, C. A., "Pressure Filtration of Secondary Treat-
ment Plant Effluent," Water and Wastes Engineering (October 1969).

Berthouex, P. M., Polkowski, L. B., "Optimum Waste Treatment Plant
Design Under Uncertainty," JWPCF. 42, (9) (September 1970).

Bevan, D., "Disposal of Sugar Mill Wastes," Proceeding Qd. Soc. Sugar
Cane Technological Conference 36 (1969).

Bevan, D., "Recycling - or Reclamation?" Proceeding Qd. Soc. Sugar
Cane Tech. Conference 40 (1973).

Boyle, W. C., "Lagoons and Oxidation Ponds," JWPCF. 43_ (June 1971).

Chipperfield, P. J., "Performance of Plastic Filter Media in Industrial
and Domestic Waste Treatment," JWPCF. 39, (11) (November 1967).

Chipperfield, P. J., et. al_., "Multiple-Stage, Plastic-Media Treatment
Plant," JWPCF. 44, (10)" (1972).

Cook, H., "Statement on the Proposed Policy for Establishment of
Waste Discharge Requirements Within the Central Valley Region,"
Wine Institute  (Novemer 1970).

Gulp, R. L., Roderick, R. E., "The Lake Tahoe Water Reclamation Plant,"
JWPCF. 38, (2)  (February 1966).

Cupit, J. V., "Economic Aspects of Sewage Works Design," Water Pollution
Control. 68, (2) (1969).

Eckenfelder, W. W., Fr., Ford, D. L., "Economics of Wastewater Treatment,"
Chemical Engineering (August 25, 1969).

Eliassen, R., Dr., Tchobanoglous, 6., Dr., "Advanced Treatment Processes,"
Chemical Engineering (October 14, 1968).

Evans, D. R., Wilson, J. C., "Capital and Operating Costs - AWT,"
JWPCF, 44, (1)  (January 1972).

Eymann, R.  H., "Micro-Filter Membrane Can Be Backwashed," Food Engineer-
ing (December 1971).

"Pretreatment of Discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works," Federal
Guidelines, EPA, Office of Water Programs Operations, Washington, D. C.
                                1525

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DRAFT
Glide, L. C., "Measures Taken Against Water Pollution In the Food
Processing Industry," PAC 29/1-G.

Graham, R. P., "Process Modification of Avoil Pollution," Western
Regional Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (9/9/74).

Griffiths, J., "The Control and Treatment of Trade Effluents," Water
Pollution Control (1968).

Kalinske, A. A., "Enhancement of Biological Oxidation of Organic
Wastes Using Activated Carbon in Microbial Suspensions," Water and
Sewage Works (June 1972).

Kraus, L. S., "Plant Operation - Sludge Digestion at Peoria, Illinois,"
Sewage Works Journal. 5_, (4) (July 1933).

Lamp, G. E.,Jr., "Package Treatment Plant Prices," JWPCF. 46, (11)
(November 1974).

Lawler, F. K. Wright, R. G., "All-Out for Process Automation," Food
Engineering  (November 1973).

Levin, G. V., et. al_., "Pilot-Plant Tests of a Phosphate Removal Process,"
JWPCF. 44, (I0l~(October 1972).

Litchfield, J. H., "Industrial Wastes," JWPCF. 45, (6) (June 1973).

Logan, J. A., et. ^1_., "An Analysis of the Economics of Wastewater
Treatment," JWPCF. 34, (9) (September 1962).

McBeath, B. C., Eliassen, R., "Sensitivity Analysis of Activated
Sludge Economics," Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE (April 1966).

McGauhey, P. H., Krone, R. B., "Soil Mantle as a Wastewater Treatment
System," SERL Report No. 67-11, University of California (December 1967).

Minturn, R. E., "Advanced Techniques for Aqueous Processing and Pollution
Abatement," ORNL-NSF-EP-72 (March 1974).

Paladino, W. C., Jr., "System Engineering Assures Quality at Low Cost,"
Food Engineering (August 1972).

"Pollution Report." Food Engineering (June 1973).

Porges, R., Mackenthun, K. M., "Waste Stabilization Ponds:  Use, Function,
and Biota," Biotechnology and Bioengineering. V., (4) (1963).

"Study of the Effectiveness and Impact of the Oregon Minimum Deposit Law,"
Applied Decisions Systems (October 1974).
                                1526

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DRAFT
Rainbow, C. S. , Dr., "Industrial Wastewater Reclamation," Water and
Sewage Works (November 29, 1968).

Rizzo, J. L., Schade, R. E., "Secondary Treatment with Granular Activated
Carbon," Mater and Sewage Works (August 1969).

Rodgers, C. H. , "Multi-Stage Evaporative Cooler," Chemical Engineering,
(October 1948).

Rowan, P. P., et.  al., "Estimating Sewage Treatment Plant Operation and
Maintenance Costs.^JWPCF, 33, (2) (February 1961).

Rowse, J. A., Rowse, S. B. , "Advances Fruit-Waste Treatment," Food
Engineering (July 1970).

Seidler, R. J., "Continuous Aerobic Sanitation for Treatment of Food
Processing Wastes and Production of Recoverable Protein," Project No.
C6519.9 Submitted to CHzM (December 22, 1971).
Shah, K. L., Reid, G. W. , "Techniques for Estimating Construction Costs
of Waste Treatment Plants," JWPCF, 42, (5) (May 1970).

Smith, R. , "Cost of Conventional and Advanced Treatment of Wastewater,"
JWPCF. 40, (9) (September 1968).

Swanson, C. L., "New Wastewater Treatment Processes," Civil Engineering,
ASCE (September 1971).

Talley, W. J. , "Cuts Waste Disposal Costs Centrifugal Wastewater Con-
centrator," Food Engineering (April 1973).

Thomas, D. G. , "Engineering Developemt of Hyperfiltration with Dynamic
Membranes," Part IV  (April 1974).

Uridil, J. E., PhD, "Pollution and Industry," (February 13, 1970).

Wiley, H. W. , "Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual  Convention of
the Assoc. of Official Agricultural Chemists," USDA Bulletin No. 99.

Williams, R. T. , "Classifying Industrial  Wastewater Emissions," Water
And Sewage Works (July 1974).

Willoughby, E., Patton, V. D., "Design of A Modern Meat-Packing Waste
Treatment Plant," JWPCF, 40, (1) (January 1968).

Zang, J. A., e_t.  aJL , "Electrodialysis in Food Processing," Chemical
Engineering Progress Symposium Series 69. (1962)

"Water Quality Criteria 1972," Natl. Academy of Sciences and Natl.
Academy of Engineers for the EPA, Washington, D. C. , (U.S. Government
Printing Office, Stock No. 5501-00520) (1972).
                               1527

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   JRAFT
                            SECTION XIV

                              GLOSSARY



Absorption - The taking up of one substance into the body of another.

Acidulation - An edible oil refining method whereby water  soluble
soaps or soapstqck is treated with sulfuric acid to yield free fatty
acid  derivatives.

Activated Carbon - Carbon particles usually obtained by carboniza-
tion of cellulosic material in the absence of air and possessing
a high adsorptive capacity.

Activated Carbon Process - The removal of pollutants from a water
or wastewater by the use of the adsorptive capacity of active carbon.

Activated Sludge - Sludge floe produced in raw or settled wastewater
by the growth of zoogleal bacteria and other organisms in the presence
of dissolved oxygen and accumulated in sufficient concentration by
returning floe previously formed.

Activated Sludge Process - A biological wastewater treatment process
in which a mixture of wastewater and activated sludge is agitated
and aerated.  The sludge is subsequently separated from the treated
wastewater (mixed liquor) by sedimentation and wasted or returned
to the process as needed.

Active Dry Yeast - A leavening agent containing 8 percent moisture
used by small bakeries, blenders of ready-to-bake cake mixes, and
repackagers.

Adsorption - The adherence of a gas, liquid, or dissolved material
on the surface of a material.

Aerated Lagoon - A natural or artificial wastewater treatment pond
in which mechanical or diffused-air aeration is used to supplement
the oxygen supply.

Aerobic - A condition in which free, elemental oxygen is present.

A1bumin - The white of an egg.

Aldehyde - (Webster) - Any of various highly reactive compounds
typefied by acetaldehyde and characterized by the group CHO.

Alkalinity - Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of water to
neutralize an acid.
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  DRAFT
Ammoniator- Apparatus for applying ammonia or ammonium compounds to
water.

Anaerobic - A condition in which free, elemental oxygen is absent.

Anti-micotic - An agent that inhibits mold growth.
Anti-mycotic

Backwashing - The operation of cleaning a filter by reversing the
flow of liquid through it and washing out matter previously captured
in it.

Backset - Screened or "thin" still age  that is returned  from the
base of the whiskey separating column to the fermenter, as used in
the distilled spirits industry.

Bakers Compressed Yeast - A leavening agent containing approximately
70 percent moisture and used by large bakeries.

Bar Rack - A screen composed of parallel bars, either vertical or
inclined, placed in a waterway to catch debris.

Barometric Condenser - See Condenser, Barometric.

Barometric Leg - A long vertical pipe through which spent condenser
water leaves the condenser.  Serves as a source of vacuum.

Barometric Leg Mater - Condenser cooling water.

Barrel - AS.used in the Malt Beverage Industry, a barrel contains
31 gallons.

Basin - A natural or artificially created space or structure which
has a shape and character of confining material that enables it
to hold water.

Bee's Wings - Small particles removed form the corn kernel edges,
after separation from the cob.

Benthic Organisms - See benthos .

Benthos - Aquatic bottom - dwelling organisms.

Biochemical - Pertaining to chemical change resulting from biological
action.

Bio-degrade - To biologically reduct the complexity of a chemical
compound or substance by splitting off one or more groups or large
component parts; decompose.

Biodegradability - The destruction or mineralization of either natural
or synthetic organic materials  by microorganisms.
                                 1530

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  DRAFT
Biological Filter - A bed of stone or other medium through which
wastewater flows or trickles that depends on biological  action for
its effectiveness.

Biological Wastewater Treatment - Forms of wastewater treatment in
which bacterial or biochemical action is intensified to stabilize,
oxidize, and nitrify the unstable organic matter present.   Intermit-
tent sand filter, contact beds, trickling filters, and activated
sludge processes are examples.

BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a semiquantitative measure of
biological decomposition of organic matter in a water sample.  It
is determined by measuring the oxygen required by microorganisms
to oxidize the contaminants of a water sample under standard labojp*
atory conditions.  The standard conditions include incubation fot-
five days at 20°C.

BOD Load - The BOD content, usually expressed in mass or weight
per unit time, of wastewater.

Boiler Slowdown - See blowdown.

Biological Oxidation - The process whereby living organisms convert
organic matter into a more stable or mineral form.

Bleaching - An edible oil refining process in which adsorbent materials
such as Fuller's or diatomaceous earth are used to treat edible
oils for color removal.

Blowdown -  The water discharged from a boiler or cooling tower
to dispose of accumulated salts.

Boiler Blowdown - Discharge from a boiler system designed to prevent
a buildup of dissolved solids.

Boiler Feedwater - Water used to generate steam in a boiler.  This
water is usually condensate, except during boiler startup, when
treated fresh water is normally used.

Bouillon - Evaporated seasoned meat extract.

Bowl Cake - A term used to describe natural gum base material which
has been remelted and screened, prior to manufacturing of chewing
gum.

Brandy - A distillate of wine produced at 189° or less proof.
     (a)  Neutral Brandy - is that produced at 171° to 189° proof.
     (b)  Beverage Brandy - is that distilled at 170° or less proof,
          usually 165° to 169°.
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   DRAFT
Brine - Concentrated salt solution remaining after removal of distilled
product.

BJJJ - Quantity of heat required to raise one pound of water one
degree Fahrenheit.  Abbreviation for Britain Thermal Unit.

Bulking Sludge - An activated sludge that settles poorly because
of a floe of low density.

Bushel - The weight of grain contained in a bushel varies by industry
as follows:
     (a)  Barley = 22 kg (48 Ib)
     (b)  Malt = 15 kg (34 Ib)
     (c)  Distillers Grain = 25 kg (56 Ib)

Cannery Olive Pits - Pits removed from olives which have been prepared
for canning.

Caustic Refinery - A refinery method whereby edible fats or oils
are treated by caustic soda to purify and remove free fatty acids,
phosphatides and prote'inaceous substances by converting them to
water soluble soaps or "foots" called soapstock.

Capital Costs - Costs which result in the acquisition of, or the
addition to, fixed assets.

Checks - Shallow ponds utilized for the evaporation and percolation
of wine still age by the method of intermittent irrigation.

Clarification - Removing undissolved materials from a liquid by
settling, filtration, or flotation.

Clarifier - A unit of which the primary purpose is to reducfc the
amount of suspended matter in a liquid.

Coagulation - In water and wastewater treatment, the destabilization
and initial aggregation of colloidal and finely divided suspended
matter by the addition of a floe-forming chemical or by biological
processes.

COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand.  Its determination provides a measure
of the oxygen demand equivalent to that portion of matter in a sample
which is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant.

Comminute - To reduce to minute particles or fine powder; to breakup,
chip, or grind; to pulverize.

Compensation Point - As commonly used, the compensation point in
water refers to that intensity of light which is such that photosyn-
thetic oxygen production during daylight hours will be sufficient
to balance the oxygen consumption during the whole 24-hour period.
                                 1532

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   DRAFT
Composite Sample - A combination of samples taken at selected intervals
to minimize the effect of the variability of individual samples.
Individual samples are proportional to the flow at time of sampling.

Concentration - The amount of a given substance in a unit volume.  For
wastewater, normally expressed as milligrams per liter (mg/1).

Condensate - Water resulting from the condensation of vapor, as in
an evaporator.

Condenser - A heap exchange device used for condensation.

     Barometric:  Condenser in which the cooling water and the vapors
                  are in physical contact;  the condensate is mixed
                  in the cooling water.

     Surface:     Condenser in which heat is transferred through a
                  barrier that separates the cooling water and the
                  vapor.  The condensate can be recovered separately.

Condenser Water - Water used for cooling in a condenser.

Congeners - The flavor constituents in beverage spirits.

Conditioner - Oilseeds are prepared for extraction by treating the
oilseeds in a vertical stack steam cooker , known as the bean or
seed "conditioner".

Cooling Tower Slowdown - See Slowdown.

Decanting - Separation of liquid from solids by drawing off the upper
layer after the heavier material has settled.

Degumming - A process whereby phosphatides are removed and recovered
from soybean oil.

Delinting - In the preparation of cottonseed for oil extraction,
cotton fiber is removed from the seeds in two steps, first cut and
second cut.  The fiber is then sold to cotton felt or cellulose
manufacturers.  The motes, or remaining fibers, are sold for their
cotton content.

Deodorization - The Treatment of fats and oils by steam distillation
for the removal of trace constituents that produce undesirable flavors
or odors.

Diatomaceous Earth - A viable earthy deposit composed of nearly pure
silica and consisting essentially of the shells of the microscopic
plants called diatoms.  Diatomaceous earth is utilized as a filter
media or filter aid in the canning of food and beverage processing
industries.

Digestion - See Sludge Digestion.
                                 1533

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  DRAFT
 Dissolved Solids - See Solids.

 Distillate - Condensed vapors from the solution which form the product
 of distilling.

 Distilling Material - Wine without sugar used in the production of
 wine spirits by distillation.  Pomace, lees, filterwash, and unmarket-
 able special natural wine are all sources of distilling material.

 Distillation - A process of evaporation and recondensation used for
 separating liquids into various fractions according to their boiling
 points or boiling ranges.

 P.O. - Dissolved Oxygen is a measure of the amount of free oxygen
 in  a water sample.  It is dependent on the physical, chemical, and
 biochemical activities of the water sample'.

 Drain Screw - A trough-like screw conveyor with orifices along the
 bottom of the trough to allow liquid to drain from the conveyed solid
 mass.

 Dry Cleaning - Cleaning without the use of water.

 "Effect" - In systems where evaporators are operated in series of
 several units, each evaporator is known as an effect.

 Electrodialysis - Process for removing ionized salts from water
 through the use of ion-selective ion-exchange membranes.

 Edible Peanuts - Those genera in high quality peanuts grown for use
 in such products as peanut butter, candy, salter roasted nuts, or
 other edible products.

 Emulsifier - A surface-active agent for promoting formation and
 stabilization of a mixture of two incompletely misct'ble liquids.

 Enrobe - Coating of the nougat or base bar with some type of cover-
 ing, generally chocolate.

 Enrobe - Cookie and snack cake bakers term for completely covering
 an item with a coating or icing.

 Entrainment - The entrapment of liquid droplets containing contami-
 nants in the water vapor produced by evaporation.

 Equalization Basin - A holding basin in which variations in flow  and
 composition of a liquid are averaged.   Such basins  are used to provide
a flow of reasonably uniform volume and composition to a treatment
 unit.

 Essential  Oils - Liquids which occur naturally in many types of plants
or which may be reproduced by a combination of substances in the  plant
upon reaction with one another in the presence of water.
                                 1534

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   DRAFT
Ester - An often fragrant compound formed by the reaction between
an organic add and an organic solvent usually with elimination
of water.

Evaporator - A closed vessel heated by steam and placed under a
vacuum.  The basic principle is that syrup enters the evaporator at
a temperature higher than its boiling point under the reduced pressure,
or is heated to that temperature.  The result is flash evaporation
of a portion of the liquid

Expand - To increase in size; to enlarge by opening out or spreading.

Extrude - To shape by forcing through a specially designed opening
often after a previous heating of the material or of the opening
or of both.

Extrusion - A process whereby a material is forced through a small
diameter opening into a desired shape.

FAC Color - Method Cc-13a-43, Fat Analysis Committee of the Americal
Oil Chemists Society, for color measurement of oil samples.

Feed Wort - A mixture of cane and beet molasses that is diluted with
water, clarified, sterilized, and pH adjusted, and used to provide
carbon, sugar, and other nutrients necessary for yeast growth.

Fermentation - The production of alcohol and carbon dioxide from
fermentable carbohydrates by the action of yeast.

Filter- A device or structure for removing solid or colloidal matter
from a liquid.  The filtering medium consists of a granular material,
finely woven cloth, unglazed porcelain, or specially prepared paper.

Filter Press - In the past the most common type of filter used to
separate solids from sludge.  It consists of a simple and efficient
plate and frame filter.

Fining - Cleaning process to clear a liquid of suspended matter.

Fines - Small peanut particles and other foreign material removed
from peanut kernels during roasting , blanching, and grinding of
shelled peanuts for use in peanut butter.

Finished Specific Flavors - Flavors formed by the precision compound-
ing or blending of flavoring extracts, acids, water, sugar, coloring
agents and other flavoring ingredients to specified concentration
and proportions.

Fixed Beds - A filter or adsorption bed where the entire media is
exhausted before any of the media is cleaned.
                                 1535

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DRAFT
 Flavor Change  - A  change  in the  type of product packaged in a soft
 drink  bottling or  canning plant.  Such a change necessitates cleaning
 of all equipment associated wiht the previous product.

 Flocculant  - A substance  that  induces or promotes fine particles  in
 a  colloidal suspension  to aggregate into small lumps, which are more
 easily removed.

 Flotation - The raising of suspended matter to the surface of the
 liquid in a tank as  scum  - by  aeration, the evolution of gas, chemi-
 cals,  electrolysis,  heat, or bacterial decomposition - and the sub-
 sequent removal of the  scum by skimming.

 FOG -  Fats, Oil, and Grease

 Fondant - A soft,  creamy  confection.

 Foots  - See Caustic  Refining

 Frappe - Whipped egg albumen which has been mixed wiht sugar and
 glucose syrup.

 Fusel  Oil - An inclusive  term  for heavier, pungent-tasting alcohols,
 principally amyl and butyl alcohols.

 Germicidal Treatment -  Any treatment involving killing of micro-
 organisms through  the use of disinfecting chemicals.

 GPP -  Gallons  per  day.

 GPM -  Gallons  per  minute.

 Heads  - A distillate containing  a high percentage of low-boiling
 components such as aldehydes.

 High Wines - Beverage spirit distillates which have undergone complete
 distillation.

 Homogenization - The blending  of dissimilar substances into a smooth
 consistency.

 Hops - The dried,  conelike fruit which is boiled with wort to impart
 additional flavor  and aroma to beer.

 Humectant - A  substance that promotes retention of moisture (as
 glycol, sorbitol).

 Hydrogenation  - An edible oil  refining process in which hydrogen,
 with the aid of a  nickel  catalyst, is added directly to the unsaturated
 carbon chain of a  fatty acid to  1) increase the stability of the
 fat to oxidative rancidity, 2) and to produce a semi-solid "plastic"
 quality for use in certain foods.
                             1536

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DRAFT
 Hydro!ization - The addition of HO to a molecule.
 Hygroscopic - Tending to absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
 Impoundment - A pond, lake, tank, basin, or other space which is
 used for storage of wastewater.
 Industrial Wastes - The liquid wastes from industrial processes, as
 distinct from sanitary wastes.
 Industrial Wastewater - Wastewater in  which industrial wastes pre-
 dominate.
 Inedible Peanuts - Surplus or peanuts  too  low  in  quality for food
 use commonly crushed for oil and meal.
 Ion Exchange - A chemical process in which ions from  different
 mol-ecules are exchanged.
 Ion Exchange Resins - Resins consisting of three-dimensional hydro-
 carbon networks to which are attached ionizable groups.
 Ketone - (Webster) - An organic compound with a carbonyl group
 attached to two carbon atoms.
 Kitchen - Cooking and mixing area in a confectionary plant.
 Knead - To work a product into a homogeneous malleable mass by
 pressing, squeezing, etc.
 Kraus Process - A modification of the activated sludqe process in
 which aerobically conditioned supernatant liquor  from  anaerobic
 digesters is added to activated sludge aeration tanks to improve
 the settling characteristics of the sludge and to add an oxygen
 resource in the form of nitrates.
 Lactating - Secreting milR.
 Lagoon - A pond containing raw or partially treated wastewater in
 which aerobic or anaerobic stabilization occurs.
 Land Spreading - The disposal of wastewater on land to achieve
 degradation by soil bacteria.
 Lautering - Separation of soluble materials from spent grains.
 LC50 - Median lethal dose concentration; the concejntration of a test
 material that causes death to 50 percent of a  population within a
 given time period.
                              1537

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    DRAFT
Lecithin - A natural component of crude soybean oil containing a
complex mixture of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphotidyl serine,
phosphotidyl inositol, and other associated substances.

Lees - The yeast, pulp, and tartarate sediment resulting from fermen-
tation and finishing operations in the wine industry.

Low Grade Olive Oil- That olive oil which is generally obtained by
subsequent (other than first pressing) pressing of whole ripe olives
or which does not meet the requirements of taste, odor and free
fatty acid content as determined for virgin otl.

Malting - The germination of barley to develop enzymes,

Mashtun - Vessel in which the conversion of grain starches into
maltose sugar takes place.

Mashing- The process involving cooking, gelatinization of starch,
and conversion, changing starch into grain sugar.

Mastication - To reduce to a pulp by crushing or kneading.

Masticator - A machine which by the use of rotating blades thoroughly
mixes ingredients until they are well blended.

Mesophyllic micro-organisms - Those microorganisms growing or thriv-
ing best in an intermediate temperature environment (typically 15-35cC)

Metabolism - The sum of the processes concerned in the building
up of protoplasm and its distruction incidental to life; the chemical
changes in living cells by which energy is provided for the vital
processes and activities and new material is assimilated to repair
the waste.

MGD - Million gallons per day.

mg/1 - Milligrams per liter (equals parts per million (ppm) when
the specific gravity is unity).

Miscella - In the solvent extraction of oilseeds, the oil-hexane
mixture is refered to as the miscella.

Mixed Liquor - A mixture of activated sludge and organic matter under-
going activated sludge treatment in the aeration tank.

Mixed Media Filtration - A combination of different materials through
which a wastewater or other liquid is passed for the purpose of
            ' treatment, or conditioning.
 ml/l-.MWinters  per  liter.

     l_ -  Machine which is  use
     Fes  into  desired shapes.



                                  1538
Mogul - Machine which is used in the candy industry to mold and set
candie

-------
   DRAFT
Moisture - Loss in weight due to drying under specified conditions,
expressed as percentage of total weight.

Moisture Content - The quantity of water present in a sludge expressed
in percentage of net weight.

Molasses - A dark-colored syrup containing sugar produced as a by-
product in cane and beet sugar processing and in the production of
citrus concentrates.

Multiple Effect Evaporation - The operation of evaporators in a
series.

Must - The juice, skin, and seeds from crushed grapes.

Municipal Sewage - The spent water of a community.  See wastewater.

Natural Flavoring Extract - A solution in ethyl alcohol of proper
strength of the sapid and odorous principles derived from an aromatic
plant, parts of the plant, or essential oil from the plant, with or
without coloring matter, conforming in name to the plant used in its
preparation.

Net BOD - The amount of BOD added by a process; the difference be-
tween the BOD load of a plant's discharge and its intake.

Non-contact Wastewaters - Those wastewaters such as spent cooling
water which are independent of the manufacturing process and contain
no pollutants attributable to the process.

Non-dairy Coffee Creamer - A vegetable oil blend used as a dairy
product substitute.

Nougat - Center of candy bar, also termed "base bar."

Nutrients - The nutrients in contaminated water are routinely analyzed
to characterize the food available for micro-organisms to promote
organic decomposition.  They are:

                     Ammonia Nitrogen  (NHj, mg/1 as N
                     KJeldahl Nitrogen (ON?, mg/1 as N
                     Nitrate Nitrogen (NO ). mg/1 as N
                     Total Phosphate (TP)
-------
   DRAFT
Peanut Butter - A cohesive, comminuted food product prepared from
clean, sound, shelled peanuts by grinding or milling properly roasted,
mature peanut kernels from which the seed coats have been removed
and to which salt is added as a seasoning agent.

Pectin - A water soluble substance contained in the peel of citrus
fruits which binds adjacent cell walls in plant tissues and yields
a gel which is used in the preparation of fruit jellies, and to some
extent in the pharmaceutical industry.

jM - pH is a measure of the negative log of hydrogen Ion concentration.

Pharmaceutical Dry Yeast - A form of yeast used by the pharmaceutical
industry as a protein and vitamin dietary supplement.

Plate and Frame Filter - A filtering device consisting of a "screen"
fastened inside a metal frame.

Plasticiser - a)  Various ingredients which are added to chewing
gum bases to achieve a desired softness.
              b)  Agents such as vegetable oils, food emulsifiers,
or even shaved ice bended into dewatered yeast to improve extrud-
ability and ease of packaging.

Polluted Wastewaters - Those wastewaters containing measurable
quantities of substances that are judged to be detrimental to re-
ceiving waters and that are attributable to the process.

Polyelectrolytes - A coagulent aid consisting of long chained or-
ganic molecules.

Pomace - The skin, pulp, and seed solids present after separation
from a liquid such as juice or oil.

Post-Mix - Bulk fountain syrup prepared at the point of consumption
from a stainless steel pressurized cannister.

Pre-Mix - Bulk finished beverage ready to be dispensed from a stain-
less steel pressurized cannister.

Precoat Filter- A type of filter in which the media is applied to
an existing surface prior to filtration.

Preliminary Filter - A filter used in a water treatment plant for the
partial removal of turbidity before final filtration.

Proof - Alcoholic Content of a liquid at 16°C (60°F), stated as twice
the percentage of alcohol by volume (United States aefinition).

Proof Gallon - A standard U. S. gallon containing 50 percent alcohol
by volume.
                               1540

-------
   DRAFT
Racking - The decanting of liquid from settled residues, as used
in the wine and malt beverage industries.

Raw Wastewater - Wastewater prior to treatment.

Returned Sludge - Settled activated sludge returned to mix with
incoming wastewater.

Retort - A vessel in which food substances are subjected to heat,
usually under pressure.

Ridge and Furrow Irrigation - A method of irrigation by which water
is allowed to flow along the surface of fields.

Rotary Vacuum Filter - A rotating drum filter which utilizes suction
to separate solids from the sludge produced by clarification.

Roughing Filter - (1)  A wastewater filter of relatively coarse
material operated at a high rate to afford preliminary treatment
(2) For water treatment, see preliminary filter.

Sanitary Sewage, Sanitary Wastewater- Liquid wastes from residences
or commercial establishments, as distingished from industrial wastes.

Schn'eckens - An older method of desolventizing oilseed meats developed
in "Germany where the meats oil passed through a series of steam
jacketed tubes called "schneckens".

Secondary Wastewater Treatment - The treatment of sanitary sewage
by biological methods after primary treatment by sedimentation,
usually considered to remove 90 percent or more of the influent BOD.

Semolina - The purified middlings of durum or other hard wheat used
for macaroni and other alimentary pastes.

Set - Conditioning of a product by allowing it to remain in a humidity
controlled room for certain periods of time.

Settleable Solids - See Solids.

Settlings - The material which collects in the bottom portion of a
clarifier.

Setting Pond - See Clarifier.

Sewerage - System of piping, with appurtenances, for collecting and
conveying wastewater from source to discharge.

Skimming - The process of removing floating grease or scum from the
surface of wastewater.
                                   1541

-------
  DRAFT
Sludge - The accumulated solids separated from wastewater during
treatment.

Sludge Cake - Sludge that has been dewatered to a moisture content
of 60 to 85 percent.

SludgeDewatering - The process of removing the moisture content
of a sludge to such an not air extent that the sludge is spadable.

Sludge Digestion - The process, by which organic or volatile matter
in sludge is gasified, liquified, mineralized, or converted to a
more stable organic matter tfirough the activities of either anaerobic
or aerobic organisms.

Sludge Drying - The process of removing a large percentage of mois-
ture from sludge by drainage or evaporation.

Sludge Thickening - The process of increasing the solids concentra-
tion of a sludge, but not to such an extent that the sludge is
spadable.

Sludge handling - The transport, storage, treatment, and disposal of
sludge.

Slurry - A watery mixture or suspension of insoluble matter.

Soapstock - See Caustic Refining

Solids - Various types of solids are commonly determined on water
samples.  These types of Solids are:

     Total Solids - (TS):  The material  left after evaporation and
                           drying of a sample at 100° to 105°C.

     Dissolved Solids - (DS):  The difference between suspended
                               solids and total solids.

     Volatile Solids - (VS):  Organic material which is  lost when
                              the sample is heated to 550°C.

     Settleable Solids (STS):  The materials which settle in an
     '=sa             "~~         Imhoff cone in one hour.

     Suspended Solids  (SS):  The material removed from  a sample
                              filtered through a standard glass fiber
                              filter and dried at 103-105°C.

Spadable Sludge - Sludge that can be readily forked or shoveled>
(ordinarily under 75 percent moisture.

Sparkling  Wine - A grape wine which has more than 1.5 atmospheres of
pressure at 10°C (50°F)  and less than 14 percent alcohol  by volume.
                                 1542

-------
  DRAFT
Spent Beer - Residual nutrients separated from harvested yeast by
centrifugal separation.

Spray Evaporation - A method of wastewater disposal 1n which water
is sprayed into the air to expedite evaporation.

Spray Irrigation - A method of irrigation by which water is sprayed
from nozzles onto a crop.   In order to avoid clogging of the nozzles,
the water must be relatively low in suspended solids.

Spray Pond - A basin over which water is sprayed from nozzles; generally
used for reduction of water temperature.

Spirits, Fruit - A distillate of wine produced at 190° or higher proof.

Spirits, Wine - Includes beverage brandy, neutral brandy, and fruit
spirits, i.e., all distillates eligible to be used in the production
of dessert wines, not reduced below 140° proof.

Stabilizers - Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils or other emu!si-
fiers added to peanut butter to improve spreadibility and prevent
oil separation.

Sti11 age - The de-alcoholized residue discharged from the base of
the still column.

Stock Yeast - A pure culture of the desired yeast strain grown for
starting or "seeding" the main yeast fermentation tanks.

Sub!imination - Change of matter from the solid state to the gaseous
state withous passing through the liquid state.

Surface Condenser - See Condenser, Surface.

Suspended Solids - Solids found in wastewater or in the stream which
in most cases can be removed by filtration.  The origin of suspended
matter may be man-made wastes or natural sources as from erosion.

Synthetic Flavoring Extract - A solution in ethyl alcohol of proper
strength of the odorous principles derived from the combination of
esters, aldehydes, ketones and other synthetic compounds.

Table Wine - A grape wine having an alcoholic content not in excess
of 14 percent by volume.

Tails - A residual alcoholic distillate.

Terpenes - (Webster) - Any of various isomeric hydrocarbons C10H,fi
found present in essential oils and used as solvents in organic
synthesis.
                                1543

-------
 DRAFT
Total Solids - See Solids

Trub - Insoluble materials which collect in the brew kettle.

Turbidity - A condition in a liquid caused by the presence of fine
suspended matter and resulting in the scattering and absorption of
light; an analytical quantity usually reported in arbitrary turbi-
dity units determined by measurements of light defraction.

Virgin Olive Oil - That olive oil which is generally obtained from
the first pressing of whole ripe olives or which meets requirements
of taste, odor and free fatty acid content as determined for virgin
oil.

Volatile Solids - See Solids

Votators - A type of heat exchanger used in peanut butter production
prior to deaeration and packaging.

Waste Sludge - Settled activated sludge in excess of the amount
needed for return to mix with incoming wastewater.

Waste Streams - Any liquified waste material produced by an industrial
process.

Waste Water - In a legal sense, water that is not needed or that
has been used and is permitted to escape, or that unavoidably escapes.

Wastewater - The spent water of residences, commercial buildings,
industrial plants, and institutions.

Wine GaTTo_n__- A measure of actual volume, i.e., a U.S. gallon contains
0.00378 cu m (231 cu in).

Winterization - An edible oil refining process in which oils are
chilled by refrigeration to remove higher melting fractions that
may produce clouding in the final product.

Wort  - A mixture of maltose and water.

Yeast Cream - Mature yeast that has been removed from fermentation
tanks and centrifugally separated from spent nutrients prior to
dewatering.
                                 1544

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DRAFT
                          CONVERSON TABLE
         MULTIPLY
TO OBTAIN
acre
acre-feet
British Thermal
Unit
cubic feet
cubic feet/
minute
cubic feet/
second
cubic yards
Farenheit
degrees
feet
gallon
gallon/
minute
gallon/ton
horsepower
inches
inches of
mercury
ac
ac ft
BTU
cu ft
cu ft/
min
cu ft/
sec
cu yd
of
ft
gal
gal /min
gal /ton
hp
in.
in. Hg
0.4047
1233.49
0.2520
0.02832
0.2832
1.699
0.7646
0.5555(°F-32)1
0.3048
3.785
0.06308
4.173
0.7457
2.540
0.03342
ha
cu m
Kg cal
cu m
cu m
min
cu m/
min
cu m
°C
m
1
I/sec
1/kkg
kw
cm
atm
hectares
cubic meters
Kilogram- calory
cubic meters
cubic meters/
minute
cubic meters/
minute
cubic meters
centigrade
degrees
meters
1 i ters
liters/
second
liters/
metric ton
kilowatts
centimeters
atmospheres
                               1545

-------
  DRAFT
ounces
pounds
pounds/
cubic foot
pounds/ton
million
gallons/day
mile
pound/
square inch
square feet
ton
oz
Ib
lb/
cu ft
Ib/ ton
MGD
mi
/ 1 PS1'9'
(gage)
sq ft
ton
28.35
0.4536
16.02
0.5000
3.785
1.609
0.068052
0.09290
0.9072
gm
kg
kg/
cu m
kg/kkg
cu m/
day
km
a tin
sq m
kkg
grams
kilograms
kilograms/
cubic meters
kilograms per
metric ton
cubic meters/
day
kilometer
atmosphere
square meters
metric tons
yard
0.9144
m
                                                     (1000 kilograms)
meters
1  Actual conversion,  not a multiplier
2  Add 1.0 after multiplying to  obtain absolute pressure
                                1546

-------
         DRAFT
                              APPENDIX A                 SIC Code

                    MISCELLANEOUS FOODS & BEVERAGES
                        Telephone Survey Form A
                                   Date:	
Process Code:                      Interviewer:
                                   Firm:	 Phone:	

Principal Products Investigated 	

Plant:	

Mailing Address:	Zip

Plant Contacts:	  	 Titles:
Telephone No.:
Corporate Name:

Address:
Telephone No.:
Corporate Contacts:	Titles:
Who can release plant records? 	•	

1.0  PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS

     Principal Products            Production Volume             Season
     Quantity of Waste Effluent in Gal/Day

2.0  METHOD OF WASTE EFFLUENT DISPOSAL.
	 2.1  Municipal-surcharge basis:	
          Is pretreatment provided?
     2.2  Navigable waters—Method of treatment(check)[]No treatment,
          [  ]screening, [  ]primary settling, [  ]activated sludge,
          [  ]biological filter, [  ]chemical addition, [  ]aerated lagoon,
          [  ]stabilization pond(s), [  ]land application with runoff,
          other
                                   1547

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         DRAFT
Misc. Foods & Beverages
Tel. Survey Form A
Page 2
     2.3  Land Disposal—zero discharge  (check)  [  ]Spray irrigation,
          [  ]holding ponds, other 	
3.0  HISTORICAL DATA BASE
     3.1  Check the following kinds of data that are available on this
          plant?   [  ]municipal records,  [  ]state reports,  [  ]data
          gathered by private consultant,  [  ] Association questionnaires,
          [  ]FPA permit,  [  ]Army Corps permit, [  ]published literature
          on plant, [  ]in-plant studies; other	
     3.2  Document each data source as to title, date and person or agency
          having access to data.
     3.3  Is the raw waste data collected for single or combined
          products?	  or materials?
     3.4  Does matching flow volume information exist for the data base
          collected?	  What is the source of flow volume
          information?	  	•	
     3.5  Can the production data be easily related to the data base
          available?	
     3.6  What analyses were run?  (check)  [  ]Flow,[ " ]BOD, [  JTSS,
          [  ]DSS, [  ]"SS, [  ]pH, [  ]COD, [  ]PO, [  ]TOC, [  ]Nutrients,
          Other  	_______	______
     3.7  Check the waste streams sampled:[]Cooling water,f]clean-up,
          [  ]process water, .other 	

     3.8  Who did the analyses?
          Type of samples (check)[]grab samples,[]timed composites,
          [  1flow proportioned composites, other 	

     3.9  Is cost information available on waste treatment?
     3.10 Are treatment efficiencies available on treatment
          systems?	

4.0  Do any unique process or waste treatment systems exist at this plant?
     Explain	
5.0  REMARKS:
                                  1548

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             DRAFT
                                  APPENDIX  B

                        Miscellaneous Foods and Beverages
                            Effluent Guideline Study
                             Processing Information
SIC Code:
Firm:
Process Code:
1.0 PRINCIPLE PRODUCTS
Date:.
Interviewer:
Average Production
Per Day Per


Vol ume
Shift






1.1 Plant Operations: Hours/Day
Average number of working days/year
Days/Year


2.0  PROCESS DESCRIPTION

2.1  Raw Material Storage:  Describe type, form, and method of storage.
2.2  Process Flow Diagram:  Draw on page 2 a simplified process flow diagram of
     the plant's process line documenting all points of major wastewater flow,
     solid waste removal, water use, recirculation and/or recycling.
2.3  Describe the Finished Product:  Describe types and sizes.
                                      1549

-------
                                PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
           DRAFT
    SIC Code:
    Process Code:                   	   Date:
2.2 Draw a simplified process flow diagram of the plant's process line documenting
    all points of major wastewater flow, solid  waste removal, water use (including
    non-contact cooling water) recirculation and/or recycling.
                                         1550

-------
              DRAFT
 3.0  WATER USAGE AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

 3.1  Source(s)  of In-Plant Water Supply:       Process water 	   Boiler  Feed
                                               Cooling water	   Other	
 3.2  What Is the average quantity of waste  effluent  discharged  per day and  per  shift?
 3.3  Is  treatment provided  for  incoming water?   If  so, what portion of  it  is being
      treated and what  1s  the  nature  of the  treatment?
 3.4   Describe  the  general cleanup of the plant during daily plant operations.
3.5  Describe plant modifications and/or procedures used in the past to reduce
     wastewater strength or volume (Draw schematic on back of this sheet.),  Please
     include also the costs vs. cost savings of these modifications.
3.6  Describe any future process changes and their desired effects.
                                           1551

-------
            DRAFT
                                     FORM C
                            Treatment  Information

      SIC  Code: 	        Date: 	
      Process  Code: 	

 4.0   WASTES DISCHARGED TO A MUNICIPAL  FACILITY
 4.1   Describe pretreatment, if any.  List Installation costs, operation and
      maintenance costs, and cost savings.
4.2  If wastes are discharged to a municipal system, what is the surcharge based on?
     (eg.  flow, BOD, SS, etc.)	
4.3  wnat is approximate annual cost of disposal to municipality:
5.0  WASTES DISCHARGED TO NAVIGABLE WATERS OR LAND DISPOSAL
5.1  Draw process flow diagram on page  5  of the existing end-of-line waste treatment
     process.
5.2  Describe the technique of disposal of solid wastes generated by the treatment
     process (eg.  sludges, screened solids, or trucking of liquid wastes).
5.3  What is the number of employees and age of the present treatment facility?
                                          1552

-------
           DRAFT                TREATMENT FLOW DIAGRAM
     SIC Code:
    Process Code:                            Date:
5.1 Draw a flow diagram of the existing end-of-l1ne waste treatment process
    (note size of lagoons» types of equipment used, acreage,  how system 1s
    managed, etc).
                                        1553

-------
           DRAFT
5.   List below the       }    Total  ^tlal  investment cost of treatment facility (year)
     following:           2.   Investment cost of each effluent treatment component
                              (year Installed)

          Treatment Component              Cost          Year
     TOTAL
5.5  Estimated cost to construct plant today $
5.6  What are the estimated annual  maintenance costs attributable to waste
     treatment?
                    Plant labor      	'        Other	
                    Engineering      	           	
                    Consulting labor	           	
                    Laboratory       	           	


5.7  What are the estimated annual  energy costs attributable to waste treatment?

                    Kilowatts per day or per unit product   	
                    Electricity generated or purchased         '  "	
                    Cubic feet of	..(type of fuel)  	
                      consumed/day or per unit product
                    Steam 1n Ibs./day at P.S.I.             	
                    Other
5.8  What is approximate value of nearby land ($/acre)?  What 1s  distance to
     nearby open land? 	
5.9  Is zero discharge feasible for your plant?
5.10 If not, what is the maximum treatment level  that 1s  feasible for your plant?
                                         1554

-------
       DRAFT

                                   FORM D

                               Historical Data

     Attach copies of all  available historical data to these sheets.
     Separate data by individual  products if possible.  Include daily
     production figures to correspond to data.  (See attached historical
     data form.)

6.0  DATA BASE

6.1  Copy of analyses obtained? 	
6.2  Is the data obtained for screened wastes?	Yes	No	Not Applicable

6.3  If the plant has screening before discharge, what are their size,  type,
     and initial costs at installation?
6.4  Is the data obtained for samples collected after or before gravity separa-
     tion or skimming?	

6.5  If the plant has gravity separation and/or skimming, what are their size,
     types, and initial costs at installation? 	


6.6  Indicate by numbered arrow on the waste treatment diagram (page 5) where
     wastewater samples were taken for historical  data.   What type of sampling
     technique was used: 	


6.7  What were frequency of samples?  Who did sampling?  Who did analysis?
     Any deviations from standard chemical methods? 	
6.8  Is the raw waste data collected for single or combined products?
6.9  Does matching flow volume information exist for the data base collected?

     	What is the source of flow volume in-

     formation? 	

6.10 Can the production data be easily related to the data base available?


7.0  Remarks:
                                     1555

-------
  DRAFT
                             APPENDIX C

                       DATA HANDLING SYSTEM
In order to determine the natural distribution of the major wastewater
parameters, cumulative probability plots were made using computerized
statistical routines.  The purpose of these plots was to determine
which theoretical probability model best fit the actual data.

The first model tried was the standard normal distribution.  It was
determined that while the normal distribution model was accurate for
some data, there were many instances in which the range of data was
large and tended to be skewed with a few relatively high values.  Also,
the normal distribution allows for negative values which in reality do
not occur for the pollutant parameters being examined.

The problems of the normal distribution are eliminated by the use of
a log normal distribution.  This commonly used distribution has only
positive values and is skewed right to allow for a few high values.
Another advantage is that the set of the logarithm of values conforms
to the normal distribution and standard, readily-available statistical
techniques can be employed.

It was assumed that data from any one plant would approximate a normal
distribution and could be described with standard statistical  methods.
When data from several plants were combined, in most cases the final
process statistics were generated with log normal statistics.  These
are the statistics reported in the summary tables of Section V.

If it is desired, other minimum and maximum values can be computed for
other probabilities of being exceeded by going the required number of
standard deviations above or below the mean in the log domain and then
taking the inverse log function of the result.  The standard deviation
in the log domain can be computed using Log S=Log (max/mean)  where the
max and mean values are given on the summary tables.   For example, a
simple way to obtain an estimate of the maximum which is only exceeded
by above five percent of the industry segment is to compute the square
of the maximum value and divide by the mean value of the summary table,
since the standard deviation is about two standard deviations above the
mean.

For each parameter to be printed on the summary table, the computer
selects the mean values from the data base for the subject plants and
first calculates the material logarithm of each value and then the
arithmetic mean of the logarithms.   For the "log mean" on the summary
table, the inverse log function is  taken on the mean  logarithm of the
parameter.  To determine minimum and maximum values,  the logarithmic
standard deviation is calculated, then is added to and subtracted from
the mean log.  The inverse log function taken on the  mean log minus
one log standard deviation produces the "minimum" on  the table, and
                                1556

-------
  DRAFT
plus one log standard deviation produces the "maximum".  Statistically,
the range covered by the minimum and maximum should contain approxi-
mately 66 percent of the true population.

Mathematically, the calculations may be expressed as follows:
                "log mean" = in'1
log standard deviation =
                           E(log mean -
                             — -
                                                 (0.5)
             "minimum"
                           In"' [log mean - log standard deviation]

               "maximum" = In"1 [log mean + log standard deviation]

It should be noted that all calculations involve natural logarithms.
The results, however, would be the same if common logarithms were used.

EXAMPLE OF DATA PROCESSING

A hypothetical processing plant from which a set of historical data
was obtained, is assumed.  Three sample points contributed to the
total effluent from the plant:  sample points 1 and 2 are different
outfalls from the product preparation area, and sample point number 3
is from the packaging area.  The historical data set is as follows:
Sample Pt. #1
Sample Pt. #2
Sample Pt. #3
  DATE

 6-2-74
 6-3-74
 6-4-74
 6-5-74

 6-2-74
 6-3-74
 6-4-74
 6-5-74

 6-1-74
6-15-74
6-17-74
 7-2-74
 MG.D

0.152
0.172
0.139
0.161

0.061
0.112
0.039
0.087

0.0072
0.0069
0.0038
0.0120
                                           PROD'N

                                          25.7 tons
                                          32.3
                                          18.6
                                          26.0

                                          25.7
                                          32.3
                                          18.6
                                          26.0

                                          25.7
                                          32.3
                                          18.6
                                          26.0
                                                         BOD

                                                         372
                                                         454
                                                         792
                                                         298

                                                         872
                                                         903
                                                        1050
                                                         693

                                                         213
                                                         562
                                                         317
                                                         459
The data represents 24 hour composites which included process and
cleanup wastewaters.

Generally speaking, the three sample points must be added together
to determine the total plant discharge.  Two options are available,
however, for carrying out the addition.  In the first case, where there
is reason to believe that there is a relationship between two or more
sample points, the correlated points are added together prior to de-
termining the mean.  In the second case, where there is no reason
                                1557

-------
 DRAFT
to believe a relationship exists between sample points, the data
from each point is averaged and the resulting means from each sample
point are summed to produce the total load.  A combination of the
two system may be found in some plants, and this is the case for the
hypothetical plant.  Sample points one and two are assumed to be cor-
related, as they are discharges from the same sub-process.  Sample
point three is uncorrelated to the first two as it is a discharge
from a different, relatively independent sub-process.  Thus, the first
two sample points will be handled by a correlated computation, and
the third point will be added in as an uncorrelated point.  Graphically,
these computations can be depicted as follows:
         Date

        6-1-74
        6-2-74
        6-3-74
        6-4-74
        6-5-74
        6-15-74
        6-17-74
        7-2-74
S.P. #1    S.P. #2
                                           S.P.  #3
                                           [BODR3]
"BODR!J +
'BODRi] +
BODRiJ +
1-1 +
"BODRi '
'BODRi'
=BODR1=
Dftft D
DV/U r\T
) =
) =
"SUMio"
:SUM o=
;suM12;
- L-u"iZj
<- — jj

[BODR3]
[BODR3]
[BODR3]
                                         | MEAN
                                          SUMi2
                                         L'
                                          (MEAN
                                          jBODR3
                                         Mean BODR
                                       = for plant
Where BODR is the BOD ratio in kg/kkg.
The calculation of each individual daily parameter ratio is done as
described in the accompanying PROGRAM PLANT DOCUMENTATION.  For the
data above,
 Date

 6-1-74
 6-2-74
 6-3-74
 6-4-74
 6-5-74
6-15-74
6-17-74
 7-2-74
   Sample pt.  #1        Sample pt.  #2      Sample pt.  #3
  FRIO      BODR       FRIO      BODR      FRIO      BODR
0/kkg)    (kg/kkg)   (1/kkg)    (kg/kkg)   (1/kkg)    (kg/kkg)
                                         1170
                                          .249
 24700
 22200
 31200
 25800
   9.19
  10.1
  24.7
   7.69
 9900
14500
  8740
 14000
 8.63
13.1
 9.18
 9.70
                                          890
                                          852
                                         1920
                                          .500
                                          .270
                                          .881
     where FRIO is the Flow ratio in 1/kkg
From the above table, the MEAN SUM OF BODR for sample points one and
two is 23.1 kg/kkg.  The BODR mean for sample point number three is
0.475.  Thus, the total mean BOD ratio for the plant is 23.6 kg/kkg,
                                1558

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 DRAFT
as the computer rounds all computations to three significant figures.
All the parameter ratios are processed in the same manner.  Minimum
and maximum values are determined by inspecting all daily ratios and
selecting the highest and lowest values of the ratio.  Concentrations
of the parameters are determined in all cases by dividing the para-
meter ratio in kg/kkg by the mean flow ratio in 1/kkg.  With this
method, it becomes apparent that the computed concentrations are not
identical to the observed values in the raw data.  They are, however,
close to the observed values and are useful in giving the observer
an approximation of values to be found in the environment.  The pH is
handled differently than the other parameters.  Each pH is converted
back to its original hydrogen ion concentration, and the resulting
values are arithmetically averaged.  The mean ion concentration is
then converted back to pH.  Minimum and maximum values are selected
from the original raw data values.

PROGRAM PLANT DOCUMENTATION

The following documents the algorithms used by Program PLANT to compute
temporal statistics using time series inputs.

Definitions

Sample:  A record containing the values of up to 20 parameters at
         one point in time* and space.  The list of input parameters
         available is given below:
      PARAMETER
UNITS
ABBREVIATION
Flow
Production
Production
Shift Length
5 day BOD
20 day BOD (Ultimate)
COD
TOC
Grease and Oil
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Solids
Volatile Solids
Suspended Solids
Settleable Solids
Screened Solids
Total Phosphorus
Dominant Wavelength
Purity
Luminence
Gal/shift
Ton/shift
Gal /shi ft
Hours
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ml /I
mg/1
mg/1
Mu
%
%
FLOW
PROD
PROG
SHFT
BOD
BODU
COD
TOC
GRS
TKN
TDS
TS
VS
SUSP
SETT
SCR
TP
DWL
PURE
LUM
                                1559

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  DRAFT
      PARAMETER                 UNITS             ABBREVIATION
Acidity/Alkalinity
Temperature
Temperature
Volatile Susp. Solids
PH
Flow Rate
Flow Ratio
Detergents
BOD Ratio
SS Ratio
mg/1
Deg F
Deg C
mg/1
pH units
I/sec
1/kkg
mg/1
kg/kkg
kg/kkg
AA
TEMF
TEMC
VSS
PH
FLWR
FRIO
DGT
BODR
SSR
*0ne point in time is considered to be a daily composite sample for
 all parameters.

Sample Point:  A time series record containing up to 99 samples from
a single point in space.  One exception to this is the case where
multiple sample points represent the same point in space but during
different periods,of time.  For example, sample point No. 1 may repre-
sent composite samples of the daily process waters and sample point
No. 2, composite samples of the daily cleanup which occurs during
another shift or in between shifts.

Sample Group:  Sample points may be considered to be correlated or in-
dependent.  If the points are considered correlated, they are averaged
together day by day to obtain a mathematical total composite.  The
group of sample points which are correlated in this manner is called
a Sample Group.  If the value of a parameter is missing for one sample
point in one sample, the values of the parameter at the other sample
points on the same day are rejected.  Therefore, the correlation ana-
lysis should only be performed if all  the sample points were sampled
on the same day, otherwise, data will  be rejected.  On the other hand,
if the sample points are treated as uncorrelated when they are really
correlated, an inferior estimate of the average will result.  Hence, a
trade-off must be made between obtaining an inferior estimate because
of assuming an incorrect model or because of rejecting data.  A rule
of thumb should be that, if data is missing or uncorrelated on more
than 10 percent of a time series between two points, then they should
be computed as uncorrelated sample points.

Time Statistic Algorithms:  Five statistical estimators can be computed
for each wastewater parameter.  To clarify the following presentation,
the following notation is defined.
                               1560

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 DRAFT
                   Time Statistics         Symbol

                 number                      n
                 mean                        m
                 standard deviation          s
                 minimum                     1
                 maximum                     h

Since the computation of each time statistic is a function of the
wastewater parameter, a set of algorithms are defined for each para-
meter.  A symbol was defined for each set as follows:

                Parameter             Units        Symbol

           Production rate          units/day        P
           Process time             hr/day           S
           Flow volume              gal/day          V
           Flow rate                I/sec            Q
                                    (gal/min)        Q1
           Flow ratio               1/kkg            F
                                    (gal/ton)        F1
           Concentration            mg/1             C
           Concentration ratio      kg/kkg           R
           pH                       pH               H
           Temperature              C                T

The symbol for each algorithm is then the matrix multiplication be-
tween each set of parameter and statistical symbols.  The following
notation will use the time statistic symbol to prefix the parameter
symbol.  For example, mP equals the mean production.

The input data sets are subscripted as follows:

i = a particular sample group
j = a particular sample point in a sample group
k = a particular sample value in the time series from a  sample point

The following functions are also defined.

Count (A) = number of values in Set A

AMean (A) = 1   E   A, The arithmetic mean of values in  Set A
            Count (A)

uar (M -     1         z  (A - AMean(A))2, the variance  of values in
    v '   Count(A)-l                         Set A

Max (A) = The observed maximum value in Set A

Min (A) = The observed minimum value in Set A
                                1561

-------
  DRAFT
                 Production Algorithms  (Units/day)

 nP   =   Count  (Pi)
 mP   =   A Mean  (Pi)
 sP   =   War  (Pi)
 IP   =   Min  (Pi)
 hP   =   Max  (Pi)

 The production statistics are automatically computed from the values
 of the first  sample group (i=l).  However, it can be computed from
 any of the groups on demand.  It is assumed that the group with the
 largest number of samples is placed in  the first position.
             Process Time  (shift) Algorithms (hrs/day)

nS   =   Count  (Si)
mS   =   A Mean (Si)
sS   =   //Var  (Si)
IS   =   Min (Si)   -
hS   =   Max (Si)
                         Flow Volume (mgd)

 1)   nV   =   Count (Bi max)
 2)   mV   =   E AMean  (E Vkj)i
 3>   sv   =
                          ..
                 E War (Vi )
(4)   IV   =   E Min (Vi)
(5)   hV   =   E Max (Vi)

Notes:

(1)  The number of samples for flow volume in MGD was computed using
the sample group which contributed the largest BOD. load.  (Bi max)

(2)  The mean flow volume is computed by summing the average flows
from each sample group i.  The average flow from sample group i is
determined by averaging the sum of the daily flows  from  each point j.

(3)  The variance of the total end of pipe flow is equal to the sum
of the variances from the individual groups.  The variance of the
first group is determined by using the sum of the daily flow from
each point j.

(4)  The combined (EOP) minimum and maximums are computed from the
sum of the minimums and maximums from each Group.

It should be noted that this mathematical combining will tend to give
more extreme minimums and maximums than would be observed for the
same number of naturally combined samples.
                                1562

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 DRAFT
                        Flow Rate (gal/mln)

      nQ'   =   nV   =   blank on table
(5)   mQ'   =   a z Amean z (V/S)kg
                  i       J

     a = J_      a scale factor
         60
sQ1   =   a   s/i. Var (V/S)i
1Q1   =   a «M1n (V/S)1
hQ'   =   a *Max (V/S)1

                         Flow Rate (I/sec)

Q   =   .0631Q1

Notes:

(5)  mQ is computed similarly to mV except that the daily flow volumes
are converted to flow rates by dividing by the shift lengths.

                       Flow Ratio (gal/ton)

F1 is computed in a similar manner to Q1, except that V/P is substituted
for V/S and scale factor a = 1.

                        Flow Ratio (L/kkg)

F  =  4.17 F1

                       Concentration (mq/1)
nC
mC

sC

1C

hC


Count (Bi
= mR x 10°
mF
= sR x 106
mF
= 1R x 106
mT
= nR x 106
mF

max)








Concentration Ratio









(kg/kkg)
R is computed the same as F1 or Q1, except that VC/P is substituted
for V/S and the scale factor a = 4.17 x 10'6.

                                £H

nH   =   Count (H), i=l
mH    |-» Calculated similarly to V
sH       except VIog"' H is substituted for V  and with log to the base
1H       10 taken of the result.
hH	

                                1563

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