United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Washington DC 20460
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
Superfund
EPA/540/R-92/012 April 1992
&EPA The Superfund
Innovative Technology
Evaluation Program:
Spring Update to the
Technology Profiles
Fourth Edition
In 1986, the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) recognized the need
for developing hazardous waste treatment and
monitoring technologies. As a result, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office
of Research and Development (ORD) and Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER) established the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. The
SITE Program promotes the development and
implementation of innovative treatment
technologies that (1) reduce the toxicity,
KREL and The University of Cincinnati
Hydraulic Fracturing Demonstration Project
mobility, or volume of hazardous waste, and (2)
monitor the nature and extent of hazardous waste
site contamination.
To accomplish these tasks, the SITE
Program consists of four interrelated programs:
• Demonstration Program
• Emerging Technology Program
• Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program
• Technology Transfer Program
This update bulletin was developed
under the Technology Transfer Program. It
highlights progress and significant developments
in the above programs, focusing on new
technologies developed or demonstrated since
the November 1991 SITE Technology Profiles
Fourth Edition (EPA/540/5-91/008) was
published. Projects pertaining to the entire SITE
Program are summarized on the following page.
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
Printed on Recycled Paper
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U.S./German Bilateral Agreement
EPA Contact: Doris King at 513-569-7491
Under the U.S./German Bilateral
Agreement, EPA and the German Federal
Ministry for Research and Technology
(Bundesminister fur Forschung und
Technologies) are exchanging technical
information on the cleanup of six United States
and six German hazardous waste sites. These
sites have used or will use innovative
technologies to treat wastes. German and U.S.
experts will evaluate waste sites in both
countries. Reports will be published as cleanup
data become available.
Developing Cost Estimating Systems
EPA Contact: Gordon Evans at 513-569-7684
Currently, the SITE Program and the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) are
combining efforts to develop independent yet
complementary computer programs to estimate
the cost of remedial action at hazardous waste
sites. Because hazardous waste site remediation
involves many variables, cost estimating tools
and compatible cost standards for the design and
construction aspects of cleanup are particularly
important.
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The cost estimating software package
being supported by SITE is called RACES, or
Remedial Action Cost Estimating System. The
user selects a particular treatment technology,
enters site parameters, and assigns general cost
factors. RACES then estimates capital and
operating costs for the treatment technology.
The system derives cost estimates through unit
(line item) costs and cost estimating relationships
(CERs). Unit costs are derived from
construction industry data; CERs are based on
engineering studies, including SITE
demonstrations.
The cost estimating software package
being developed by USAGE is called M-
CACES, or Micro-Computer Aided Cost
Engineering System. This system uses line item
costs primarily to develop estimates with detailed
design information. The system estimates labor,
equipment, and material costs based on
USAGE'S Unit Price Book database, which has
more than 20,000 construction cost line items.
M-CASES has been used extensively for
estimating civil and military construction project
costs. Mixed and hazardous waste site
remediation line item costs are being added to
the database. Site-specific treatment technology
costs will be imported from RACES.
Both systems are under development.
Together, they will enable users to produce a
more accurate remedial cost estimate.
SITE Report to Congress Available
The fourth annual SITE Report to
Congress is now available for distribution
(EPA/540/5-91/004). The report highlights
activities performed under SITE'S component
programs during fiscal year 1990, fulfilling
EPA's statutory reporting requirement. The
report includes an updated program history,
culminating in the initiation of the Superfund
Technical Assistance Response Team (START)
program in July. The report also lists then-
proposed program changes developed through
RREL's August 1990 management review of the
SITE Program.
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The SITE Demonstration Program
develops reliable engineering, performance, and
cost data on innovative treatment technologies,
enabling potential users to evaluate each
technology's applicability for a specific waste or
site. Data collected during a field demonstration
are used to assess the technology's performance;
SITE does not certify or approve technologies
for use at Superfund sites. After each SITE
Program demonstration, EPA generally prepares
an Applications Analysis Report (AAR) as the
primary product to evaluate the specific
technology and analyze its overall applicability
to other site characteristics, waste types, and
waste matrices. Other reports, including the
Technology Evaluation Report (TER), further
describe the technology and its operating
characteristics.
Technologies are selected for the
program primarily through annual Requests for
Proposals (RFP). EPA reviews proposals to
1991 (24 Technologies)
1
determine which are innovative and have
promise for use at hazardous waste sites, and
then invites selected technology developers to
participate in a demonstration. In addition,
other technologies, primarily ongoing Superfund
projects or private sector activities, are identified
for evaluation by EPA regional offices or other
state or federal agencies. Technology
developers have also entered the program
outside the RFP process through contacts with
SITE Program personnel. These technologies
are still evaluated, however, according to the
RFP guidelines.
Figure 1 shows that over the past three
years, technologies in the Demonstration
Program have entered the program from a
variety of sources. In 1989, the annual RFP
supplied nearly all of the program entrants. In
1991, technologies were identified through the
RFP, the SITE Emerging Technology Program
(ETP), EPA regional and other federal agency
Request for Proposals
| | RREL Technology
| | ETP
liiilJl EPA and Other Agencies
U Other Contacts
1989 (12 Technologies)
Figure 1 SITE Demonstration Program Entrants
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nominations, and other contacts (following the
RFP's requirements) from conferences,
meetings, and telephone inquiries. This figure
illustrates how the Demonstration Program has
changed its approach for attracting new
developers and has become more flexible to
meet the needs of the cleanup industry.
Cooperative agreements between EPA
and the developers set forth responsibilities for
conducting demonstrations " and preparing
reports. Developers are responsible for
operating their innovative systems at a selected
site; EPA is responsible for project planning,
site preparation, sampling and analysis, quality
assurance and quality control, reporting, and
technology transfer.
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM UPDATES
Completed Demonstrations
Technologies recently demonstrated
under the SITE Demonstration Program are
summarized below, including preliminary results
from the demonstrations. Applications Analysis
Reports and other technology transfer materials
are being prepared.
EPA planned two demonstrations to
evaluate each technology's effectiveness in
treating creosote-contaminated groundwater.
The filtration unit demonstration took place at
the American Creosote Works (ACW) Superfund
site in Pensacola, Florida in October 1991. The
demonstration of the bioremediation system has
been postponed.
The filtration unit treated nearly 6,000
gallons of feed water contaminated with creosote
components, such as polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) and phenols, during the 6-
day demonstration. The feedwater and waste
material were analyzed for organic, inorganic,
and physical contaminants.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
SBP Technologies, Inc.
Membrane Separation and Bioremediation
EPA Contact: Kim Lisa Kreiton at
513-569-7328
SBP developed two technologies for
reducing and destroying contaminants in
groundwater, surface water, or slurries. The
first technology, a filtration unit, reduces
contaminant concentrations by filtering
contaminated groundwater through a special
membrane. The second technology, a biological
system, destroys concentrated contaminants
using a special mix of microorganisms,
producing an effluent stream with low to
nondetectable levels of contaminants. The
technologies can be used singly or together as a
waste handling system.
Filtration demonstration findings
indicated the following:
• The unit successfully reduced PAH
concentrations in the groundwater.
• The unit removed an average of 80
percent of the phenols and PAHs from
the groundwater and waste material,
rather than the predicted 95 percent.
The 80 percent removal efficiency rate
meets the discharge standards for the
local publicly owned treatment works.
• The filtration membrane was only 25 to
35 percent effective in removing the
more soluble contaminants, such as
phenol. Removal effectiveness
increased with less soluble contaminants,
such as PAHs.
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Of the 6,000 gallons of feed water
treated, 20 percent of the volume was
left for disposal at a permitted treatment,
storage, and disposal facility. For
experimental purposes, an additional 80
percent reduction is currently taking
place in the field.
Babcock & Wilcox
Cyclone Furnace
EPA Contact: Laurel Staley at 513-569-7863
The SITE demonstration of the Cyclone
Furnace took place at the Babcock & Wilcox
(B&W) Alliance Research Center in Alliance,
Ohio from November 4 through November 16,
1991. The demonstration used synthetic soil
matrices (SSM) spiked with heavy metals,
semivolatile organics, and radionuclide
surrogates.
The demonstration consisted of three
replicate tests. SSM was fed into the Cyclone
Furnace at 170 pounds per hour. The total
amount of SSM treated during the three test runs
was about 1 ton; the total amount burned during
the entire demonstration was almost 3 tons.
Demonstration findings indicated the following:
• The resulting slag complied with
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure regulatory requirements.
Average leachate concentrations for
cadmium, chromium, and lead were 0.1,
0.3, and 0.7 milligrams per liter,
respectively.
• Almost 95 percent of the non-
combustible portion of the SSM was
incorporated within the slag. On
average, over 75 percent (by weight) of
the chromium in the SSM was trapped
in the vitrified slag. In addition, the
percentages for strontium and zirconium
retained in the slag were 85 and 95
percent, respectively. The other metals
in the SSM (bismuth, cadmium, and
lead) are considered "volatile," and
lower percentages of these metals were
retained in the slag.
STACK PARTICULATE
SAMPUNQ LOCATION
SSM FEED
SYSTEM
CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS
MONITOR (GEM)
SAMPLING LOCATION
FURNACE
STACK
Babcock & Wilcox
Metals partitioned to the flue gas were
captured by the baghouse. Baghouse
solids were treated as a hazardous
waste. About 150 pounds of baghouse
solids were collected during the entire
demonstration.
Destruction and removal efficiencies for
both semivolatile organic spikes
(anthracene and dimethylphthalate) were
greater than 99.99 percent.
The stack emitted an average of 0.001
grains of paniculate per dry standard
cubic foot of air (corrected to 7 percent
oxygen [OJ). The RCRA regulatory
limit is 0.08 grains per dry standard
cubic foot at 7 percent O2.
The average flue gas flow rate out the
stack was 1,250 dry standard cubic feet
per minute. The average exhaust gas
composition from the burning of SSM
and natural gas was about 5.6 percent
02, 8.6 percent carbon dioxide
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359 parts per million (ppm) nitrogen
oxides (NOJ, 6 ppm carbon monoxide
(CO), and 8.4 ppm total hydrocarbons
(measured as propane).
Preliminary data indicate that the
radionuclide surrogates were mobilized.
Retech, Inc. i
Plasma Centrifugal Furnace
EPA Contact: Laurel Staley at 513-569-7863
Retech demonstrated its Plasma
Centrifugal Furnace (PCF) in July 1991 at the
Department of Energy's Component
Development and Integration Facility in Butte,
Montana. The demonstration evaluated the
PCF's performance in treating soils
contaminated with organic and inorganic
compounds, including metals.
Retech, Inc.
The PCF, which operates on heat
generated from a plasma arc, treated nearly
4,000 pounds of contaminated soil.
Pretreatment sampling determined waste
composition. Post-treatment sampling was
performed to evaluate the technology's
effectiveness in destroying the contaminants.
Demonstration findings indicated the
following:
• The treated soil did not leach metals
above regulatory limits, meeting
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure requirements.
Greater than 99.99 percent destruction
and removal efficiency rates were met
for organic compounds.
The air pollution control system did not
reduce paniculate emissions below
regulatory limits.
A large percentage of the metals fed into
the furnace fused with the treated soil.
The PCF immobilizes heavy metals in
slag better than conventional
incinerators; however, the PCF
technology can be more costly.
Dehydro-Tech
Carver-Greenfield Process
EPA Contact: Laurel Staley at 513-569-7863
Dehydro-Tech's demonstration of the
Carver-Greenfield (C-G) process took place in
August 1991 at a U.S. EPA research facility in
Edison, New Jersey. A trailer-mounted C-G
unit treated about 640 pounds of drilling muds
excavated from the PAB Oil Superfund site in
Abbeville, Louisiana in two separate test runs.
Dehydro-Tech
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Demonstration findings indicated the
following:
• The unit successfully separated the feed
stream into its constituent water, oil,
and solids fractions.
• The treated solids product passed
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) criteria for volatiles,
semivolatiles, and metals.
• The unit removed 94 to 96 percent of
the oil from the solids fraction of the
drilling mud waste.
• The resulting dry final solids product
contained less than 1 percent carrier oil.
• The water product was substantially free
of hazardous organics.
ECOVA
Bioslurry
EPA Contact: Ronald Lewis at 513-569-7856
The pilot-scale demonstration of the
slurry bioremediation technology took place at
the U.S. EPA Test and Evaluation (T&E)
Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio, from May 8
through July 10, 1991. The five parallel slurry-
phase bioreactors were tested on creosote-
contaminated soil from the Burlington Northern
Superfund site in Brainerd, Minnesota.
During the demonstration, levels of soil-
bound and liquid phase polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH), total petroleum
hydrocarbons (TPH), nutrients, pH, dissolved
oxygen, temperature, toxicity, and microbial
activity were monitored. In addition, air
emissions were monitored to characterize the
off-gases emitted from the bioreactors and to
determine organic constituent loss through
volatilization.
ECOVA
Demonstration findings indicated the
following:
• The total percent reduction of soil-bound
PAHs over 9 weeks of testing ranged
from 70 to 97 percent (average: 89
percent).
• The greatest decline in PAH and TPH
concentrations occurred in the first 2
weeks of the study.
• Although surfactant and additional
inoculum were added to two bioreactors
at the end of 6 weeks, the total percent
reduction of soil-bound PAHs did not
significantly increase through the
remaining 3 weeks of testing.
• Concentrations for most liquid-phase
PAHs in the post-treatment samples
were below established detection limits.
• Air emissions samples show that most
contaminant emissions occurred in the
first 5 days of operation.
Weston Services, Inc.
Low Temperature Thermal Treatment
EPA Contact: Paul dePerdn at 513-569-7797
In November and December 1991,
Weston Services, Inc. (Weston), demonstrated
its Low Temperature Thermal Treatment (LT3)
process at the Anderson Development Company
(ADC) Superfund site in Adrian, Michigan. The
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Weston Services, Inc.
12.5-acre ADC site is contaminated with volatile
and semivolatile organic compounds, including
4,4-methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA).
The SITE demonstration was conducted to
determine how well the technology (1) removed
organic compounds, especially MBOCA, from
contaminated soils and sludges; (2) treated soils
and sludges to meet established cleanup goals;
and (3) treated exhaust gas to meet air permit
requirements.
The three-phase LT3 process includes
soil treatment, emissions control, and wastewater
treatment. The technology's key component is
the thermal processor, an indirect thermal
desorber. Hollow-stem screw augers transfer
heat to the soil while moving it through the
processor. During the demonstration,
contaminated soils were heated to 500-540°F to
evaporate organic contaminants and water.
Contaminated dust was collected on fabric
filters, and condensate was filtered and treated
by carbon adsorption. Both waste streams were
disposed of off site.
Demonstration results are being
reviewed.
New Demonstration Projects
The following technologies have been
accepted into the Demonstration Program since
publication of the November 1991 Fourth
Edition of the Technology Profiles
(EPA/540/5-91/008).
J.R. Simplot Company
Anaerobic Biological Process
EPA Contact: Wendy Davis-Hoover at
513-569-7206
J.R. Simplot's Anaerobic Biological
Process involves the bioremediation of soils and
sludges contaminated with nitroaromatics.
Nitroaromatics, particularly nitrotoluenes used as
explosives, have become a concern at military
locations nationwide. Pesticides are also
examples of nitroaromatic contaminants.
The pilot-scale treatment unit consists of
plastic or fiberglass vessels that contain static
soil slurries. These vessels are scaled up, to
about 50 cubic meters of soil. The
biodegradation process begins by adding starch
to flooded soils and sludges. Anaerobic, starch-
degrading bacteria may also be introduced.
After anaerobic conditions are established,
microbes are injected to destroy the
contaminants. In some soils, inoculations are
not necessary because native microbes develop
quickly.
This technology was accepted into the
SITE Emerging Technology Program (ETP) in
January 1990. Based on treatability study
results, the Anaerobic Biological Process was
accepted into the Demonstration Program.
MAECORP Incorporated
MAECTITE™ Treatment Process
EPA Contact: Jack Hubbard at 513-569-7507
The MAECTITE™ Treatment Process
was accepted into the Demonstration Program in
August 1991. It is a two-step treatment system
that chemically immobilizes Toxicity
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Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) lead
and possibly other heavy metals in contaminated
soil, ash, debris, battery casings, water, filter
cake, or sludges. The process involves blending
a proprietary powder with the contaminated
material and then blending a proprietary aqueous
solution into the mixture. Soils may be
preprocessed by shredding, screening, or both to
remove materials larger than 4 inches in
diameter. The reaction end product is stable
under TCLP extraction methods but can be
recycled through the system if needed.
The MAECTITE™ Treatment Process
has successfully treated total lead levels as high
as 30 percent and TCLP lead over 800
milligrams per liter. MAECORP claims that the
process reduces volume and produces a
characteristic nonhazardous waste that requires
as little as a 3-hour curing period.
The bioremediation process consists of
four steps: 1) defining and characterizing the
contamination plume; 2) selecting a site specific
application methodology; 3) initiating and
propagating the bacterial culture; and 4) cleanup
monitoring and reporting.
Brice Environmental Services Corporation
(BESCORP)
Soil Washing Plant
EPA Contact: Hugh Masters at 908-321-6678
BESCORP uses a combination of soil
washing and gravity separation to clean
contaminated, coarse and medium-sized soil and
redeposit it on site. Fine contaminated soil
fractions are containerized for further
decontamination or removal. The plant is
housed on an 8- by 40-foot trailer and employs
conventional mineral processing equipment such
as a feed hopper, trommel, sand screw, and
clarifier, centered around a patented water/solids
separation system. Water consumption is
extremely low.
The plant has operated at a processing
rate of 20 tons per hour. Soil contaminants
most suitable for this process are heavy metals
and radioactive particulates.
MAECORP Incorporated
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Augmented In Situ Subsurface Bioremediation
Process
EPA Contact: Reinaldo Mafias at 513-569-7949
Bio-Rem, Inc.'s Augmented In Situ
Subsurface Bioremediation Process uses a
proprietary blend of microaerophilic bacteria and
micronutrients for subsurface bioremediation of
hydrocarbon contamination in soil and water. It
does not require additional oxygen or oxygen-
producing compounds, such as hydrogen
peroxide. This process occurs in situ, and the
only degradation products are naturally
occurring compounds.
BESCORP
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4600 TONNES
BULK SAMPLE
OK
rONTAUTMATED SOIL
1500T
3000T
BOTH ORGAN1CS
AND INORGANICS
Toronto Harbor Commission
Toronto Harbor Commission
Soil Recycling
EPA Contact: Ten Shearer at 513-569-7949
The Toronto Harbor Commission's Soil
Recycling project involves three technologies
operating in series to remove inorganic and
organic contaminants in soil, producing a
reusable material. The first technology involves
a soil washing process that reduces the volume
of the material to be treated by concentrating the
contaminants into a fine slurry mixture. The
second technology then removes heavy metals
from the slurry through a process of metal
dissolution by acidification and selective
chelation. In the third technology, chemical
hydrolysis and a biodegradation process destroy
organic contaminants concentrated in the slurry.
A SITE demonstration of the Soil
Recycling technology will take place in Toronto,
Canada, during which the technology will treat
soils excavated from the Esso/Texaco site. The
Toronto Harbor Commission will excavate about
1,050 tons of soil contaminated with volatile and
semivolatile organics, metals, pesticides, and
polychlorinated biphenyls for this demonstration.
Bergmann USA
Sediment Soil Washing
EPA Contact: Jack Hubbard at 513-569-7507
The Bergmann USA Sediment Soil
Washing technology separates contaminated
particles by density and grain size. Operation is
based on the hypothesis that most contamination
is concentrated in the fine particle fraction
(fines) and that contamination of the larger
particles is not extensive.
Bergmann USA
The process initially classifies
contaminated soil to remove coarse rock and
debris and adds water and chemical additives
(i.e., surfactants, acids, bases, and chelants) to
produce a slurry feed, which flows to an
attrition scrubbing machine. Rotating impellers
or other mechanical means create mechanical
and fluid shear stress, removing contaminated
silts and clays from granular soil particles.
Different separation processes then create output
10
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streams consisting of granular soil particles, silts
and clays, and wash water.
This technology is suitable for sediment
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and
has been applied to soils and sediments
contaminated with organics and heavy metals,
including cadmium, chromium, copper,
mercury, lead, nickel, and zinc.
Billings & Associates, Inc.
Subsurface Volatilization and Ventilation
System (SWS)
EPA Contact: Kim Lisa Kreiton at 513-569-7328
The SVVS, developed by Billings &
Associates, Inc. and operated by Halliburton
NUS Corporation under a licensing agreement,
uses a network of wells to treat subsurface
organic contamination. Treatment networks
consist of a series of well nests, which in turn,
consist of a vapor extraction well and an air
sparging well. A vacuum pump creates negative
pressure and extracts vapors while an air
compressor simultaneously creates positive
pressure below the water table. To enhance
vaporization, solar panels may be used to heat
air prior to injection. The number of well nests
depends on the size of the contaminant plume.
The SWS enhances contaminant
recovery by combining the above technology
with in situ bioremediation. Because
bioremediation uses living organisms to break
down organic materials to carbon dioxide and
water, the SVVS can assist biodegradation
processes by increasing oxygen concentrations in
ground water through the air sparging well.
The SVVS has been applied at sites with
gasoline spills and benzene contamination. It
has also been used to contain contaminant
plumes through its unique vacuum/air
compression injection techniques.
Billings & Associates, Inc.
Upcoming Demonstrations
The following table lists projects
scheduled for field demonstration this year. For
more information about these technologies, refer
elsewhere in this document or to the November
1991 SITE Technology Profiles Fourth Edition
(EPA/540/5-91/008).
11
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Planned Demonstrations for 1992
Tochnology
X'TRAX™ Thermal Desorption
Dechlor/KGME
Contained Recovery of Oil Wastes
(CROW)
BioGenesis8" Soil Cleaning Process
Soil Recycling
Subsurface Volatilization and
Ventilation System (SVVS)
Sediment Soil Washing
Anaerobic Thermal Processor
Fungal Treatment Technology
Bioventing
Heavy Metals and Radionuclide
Filtration
Combined Chemical Binding and
Precipitation, and Physical
Separation of Radionuclides
Hydrolytic Terrestrial Dissipation
Augmented In Situ Subsurface
Bioremediation Process
Soil Washing Plant
Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction and
Catalytic Oxidation
Precipitation, Microfiltration, and
Sludge Dewatering
Rochem Disc Tube Module System
Soil Restoration Unit
BEST Solvent Extraction
Developer
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.
Chemical Waste Management, Inc.
Western Research Institute
BioGenesis Enterprise, Inc.
(formerly BioVersal USA, Inc.)
Toronto Harbor Commission
Billings & Associates, Inc./
Halliburton NUS Corporation
Bergmann USA
SoilTech, Inc.
Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory and USDA Forest
Products Laboratory
Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory
Filter Flow Technology, Inc.
TechTran, Inc.
ASI Environmental Technologies/
Dames & Moore
Bio-Rem, Inc.
BESCORP
Accutech Remedial Systems, Inc.
EPOC Water, Inc.
Rochem Separation Systems, Inc.
Terra-Kleen Corporation
Resources Conservation Company
Site Location
Resolve Superfund
Site, MA
Resolve Superfund
Site, MA
Stroudsburg, PA
Santa Barbara, CA
Toronto, Canada
Under
Consideration
Saginaw Bay of
Lake Michigan,
Bay City, Ml
Waukegan Harbor,
IL
Brookhaven, MS
Ironton, OH
Rocky Flats, CO
Palangana, TX
Chemairspray, FL
Williams AFB,
Phoenix, AZ
Fairbanks, AK
Hillsborough, NJ
Redding, CA
Under
Consideration
Under
Consideration
Under
Consideration
EPA Contact
Paul dePercin
513-569-7797
Reinaldo Matias
513-569-7949
Eugene Harris
513-569-7862
Annette Gatchett
513-569-7697
Teri Shearer
513-569-7949
Kim Lisa Kreiton
513-569-7328
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Paul dePercin
513-569-7797
Kim Lisa Kreiton
513-569-7328
Mary Gaughan
513-569-7341
Annette Gatchett
513-569-7697
Annette Gatchett
513-569-7697
Ronald Lewis
513-569-7856
Reinaldo Matias
513-569-7949
Hugh Masters
908-321-6678
Uwe Frank
908-321-6626
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Douglas Grosse
513-569-7844
Mark Meckes
513-569-7348
Mark Meckes
513-569-7348
12
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
Under the Emerging Technology
Program, EPA has provided technical and
financial support to over 40 technology
developers for bench- and pilot-scale testing and
has helped in the development of technologies
that have been proven on the conceptual level.
The program's goal is to encourage the
development of viable commercial technologies
and to promote those technologies for the
Demonstration Program.
Each June, EPA advertises a Request for
Preproposals (RFP) for the Emerging
Technology Program through the Commerce
Business Daily and various trade journals. After
reviewing the preproposals, EPA invites selected
candidates to submit a cooperative agreement
application and a detailed project proposal which
undergoes another technical review. A
cooperative agreement between EPA and the
technology developer requires cost sharing.
Projects are considered for either a 1- or 2-year
developmental effort, providing awards of up to
$150,000 per year, with a maximum of
$300,000 over 2 years. Second-year funding
depends on achieving significant progress during
the first year.
EPA uses a rigorous selection process to
ensure that innovative projects with the greatest
likelihood of success are undertaken, as shown
in Figures 2 and 3. Selections are based on
specific criteria set forth in the RFP. Unlike the
Demonstration Program, proposals are accepted
only in response to the annual RFP.
In 1992, the Department of Energy
(DOE) will again co-fund emerging technologies
which could meet the treatment needs of its
sites. These technologies address mixed
hazardous and radioactive waste sites.
Similarly, the Department of Defense (DOD)
continues to co-fund several emerging
technologies selected in 1992. As with the DOE
agreement, DOD has chosen certain technologies
that may meet treatment needs for their sites.
This interagency interest and cooperation enables
EPA to accept additional promising candidates
into the Emerging Technology Program as well
as create a selection process that meets the
cleanup needs of several agencies.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
UPDATES
New Emerging Technologies
The Emerging Technology Program has
continued its expansion through a fifth
solicitation in 1992. EPA reviewed 63
preproposals and selected 15 developers, of
which 13 responded. The final decision on
selection of the 13 proposals will be based on
funding and technical merit.
Emerging Technology Project Highlights
Electron Beam Research Facility, Florida
International University and University of
Miami
EPA Contact: Franklin Alvarez at 513-569-7631
The high-energy electron irradiation
technology uses electricity to generate a high
voltage (1.5 megavolts [MeV]) that accelerates
electrons to about 95 percent the speed of light.
The electrons are then shot into a thin stream of
water or sludge. All reactions take less than
1/10 of a second. A full-scale facility in Miami,
FL can treat 120 gallons per minute of
secondary chlorinated wastewater.
Over the past few months, detailed data
has been developed for the removal efficiency,
reaction by-product analysis and water quality
analysis for the six compounds named in the
project proposal. Evaluation of five of these
compounds is complete (trichloroethene,
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Number of Proposals
Thermal Solid./ Mat'l Handling Chemical
Stabll.
Technology Category
Physical Biological
| Preproposals Submitted 1990
Proposals Accepted 1991
Figure 2 Emerging Technology Projects 1991
Number of Proposals
Thermal Solid./ Mat'l Handling Chemical Physical Biological
Stabil.
Technology Category
HI Preproposals Submitted 1991 ^^ Invited to Submit Proposals
Figure 3 Emerging Technology Projects 1992
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tetrachloroethene, chloroform, benzene, and
phenol). Toluene testing was completed at the
end of March and the results are currently being
evaluated.
Testing determined that methanol
scavenges hydroxyl radicals (OH»). The
technology's removal efficiency increases 10-
fold in the absence of methanol.
Pur us, Inc.
Photolytic Oxidation Process
EPA Contact: Norma Lewis at 513-569-7665
This technology uses photocatalytic
oxidation through an advanced xenon ultraviolet
(UV) flashlamp to destroy volatile organic
compounds (VOC) in groundwater and soil.
The process is used with either air stripping for
groundwater, or vacuum extraction for soil,
followed by photocatalytic oxidation. Photolysis
rates for trichloroethylene (TCE),
perchloroethylene (PCE), carbon tetrachloride
(CC14), and vinyl chloride have been measured.
Purus has developed a UV treatment
system for VOCs in air and is working to
determine safe residual levels of photolysis by-
products. These levels must be established
before the technology can be commercialized.
Field operations for the Emerging
Technology Program have been completed at the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The
laboratory has decided to extended research for
an additional four months to study by-products,
so field activity on this project will continue.
Superfund sites. These materials typically
contain lead in concentrations of 1 to 10 percent.
Preliminary results indicate that lead
can be economically recovered with minimal
adverse effects. CHMR/Exide will run further
experiments to optimize smelter operations and
to supplement the data. Future experiments will
focus on materials other than battery casings,
such as paint chips in soil.
Since this unit has shown promise in
treating contaminated material, EPA regional
offices and other agencies (Housing and Urban
Development and the Bureau of Mines) have
shipped other waste materials to Exide's
Reading, PA facility for treatment. Interest in
this technology continues to grow.
Nutech Environmental
Photocatalytic Oxidation
EPA Contact: John Ireland at 513-569-7413
Nutech, a developer in the SITE
Emerging Technology Program, has made great
progress in bringing their photocatalytic
technology to the marketplace and has
established a conference so that scientists,
engineers, and others can exchange information
on the use of titanium oxide (TiOa) technologies.
The First International Conference on TiO2
Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of
Water and Air will take place November 8-13,
1992 in London, Ontario, Canada. This
conference will focus on environmental
applications of TiO2 photocatalysis for the
treatment of water and air.
Center for Hazardous Materials Research
(CHMR) and Exide Corporation
Lead Recovery Using Secondary Lead
Smelters
EPA Contact: Patrick Augustin at
908-906-6992
CHMR and Exide Corporation, under an
EPA contract, are investigating the feasibility of
using secondary lead smelters to recover lead
from battery cases and other materials at
1991 Survey of the SITE Emerging
Technology Program
In 1991, Marguerite Anne Wagner, a
graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) Technology and Policy
Program, conducted an independent evaluation
of the SITE Emerging Technology Program for
her master's thesis. The survey's primary goal
was to investigate the attitudes and motivations
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of U.S. firms involved in the development of
innovative technologies for treating hazardous
waste. Also, the survey examined the SITE
Program's impact on the development and
regulatory acceptance of innovative cleanup
technologies.
A total of 239 individuals were
contacted; 105 (44 percent) returned the survey.
Of the respondents, about 29 percent were
participants in the Emerging Technology
Program, 43 percent applied but were not
accepted, and die remaining 28 percent never
applied to the program.
As expected, respondents expressed
concerns regarding the lengthy and rigorous
selection process; however, they agreed that the
Emerging Technology Program is valuable and
should be expanded. Also, respondents agreed
somewhat on the reasonableness of reporting
requirements, sufficiency of interaction with
SITE project managers (PM), and the
helpfulness of the PMs.
To obtain a copy of Ms. Wagner's
master's thesis, write to:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139
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MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM
The Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program (MMTP) encourages the
development, demonstration, and use of
innovative monitoring, measurement, and
characterization technologies at Superfund sites.
These technologies assess the nature and extent
of contamination and evaluate remedial actions.
MMTP emphasizes technologies which provide
faster, safer, and more cost-effective methods
than conventional technologies for producing
real-time or near-real-time data.
MMTP is interested in technologies
which detect, monitor, and measure hazardous
and toxic substances in subsurface soil (saturated
and vadose zones), air, biological tissues,
wastes, and surface waters, as well as
technologies which characterize the physical
properties of sites. Technologies of interest
include the following:
• Chemical sensors for in situ
measurements
• Groundwater sampling devices
• Soil and core sampling devices
• Soil gas sampling devices
• Fluid sampling devices for the vadose
zone
• In situ and field portable analytical
methods
• Expert systems that support field
sampling or data acquisition and analysis
For more information on the Monitoring
and Measurement Technologies Program,
contact:
Eric Koglin
U.S. EPA
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory - Las Vegas (EMSL/LV)
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193
702-798-2432
Demonstration at the French Limited
Superfund Site
EPA Contact: Richard Berkley at 919-541-2439
During January 1992, a field study was
conducted at the French Limited Superfund site
near Crosby, TX. This site was originally a
sand pit near the San Jacinto River. After sand
removal discontinued, the pit filled with water
and was used for licensed waste disposal.
Disposal operations continued for about 20
years, during which refinery waste was dumped
into the pond. Floating material was
periodically burned off, usually on July 4 of
each year. New regulations forced closure of
the operation, at which time 10 feet of sludge
remained under 25 feet of water, covering an
area of 7 acres. Toxic organic compounds had
leached from the sludge into the surface aquifer.
The potentially responsible parties offered to
clean up the site using bioremediation. After a
pilot study, this plan was approved and oxygen
and nutrients were mixed into the pond
beginning on January 11, 1992.
With the initiation of remedial activities,
two MMTP studies began at the French Limited
site. IIT Research Institute of Chicago, IL
compared the performance of commercially-
available portable gas chromatographs (PGC) for
2 days before remediation began and 8 days
thereafter. Sixteen whole air grab samples were
collected concurrently with PGC data. In the
second study, MDA Scientific Inc.'s long path
Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer was
evaluated at the site for 1 day before startup and
5 days thereafter by ManTech Environmental
Services. In support of both studies, time-
integrated whole air canister samples were taken
around the edge of the lagoon. Four Xon-Tech
sector samplers simultaneously collected site and
background samples. Data from the studies are
being evaluated.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
SITE Program Exhibit
The SITE Program Exhibit travels to
conferences throughout the United States,
promoting the participating developers and their
technologies through graphics, photographs, and
demonstration videos. The Exhibit also enables
the SITE Program to widely disseminate various
program publications, often on the same types of
technologies discussed at the host conference.
Conference attendees and potential program
developers can speak one-on-one with SITE
Program personnel to gain a clear understanding
of SITE'S goals. Through such interaction, the
SITE Program has added several new developers
(see Figure 1); many are now preparing field
demonstrations.
To display the SITE Exhibit at your
seminar or conference, contact the EPA Project
Manager, John Martin, at 513-569-7758 or
Cindy Loney, PRC Environmental Management,
Inc., at 513-241-0149. The following table lists
the conferences where the SITE Exhibit will be
displayed in 1992.
Publications describing technology
demonstrations are available through the EPA
Center for Environmental Research Information
(CERI). Documents such as the SITE Program
Technology Profiles, Applications Analysis
Reports, Demonstration Bulletins, and
Engineering Bulletins can be obtained free of
charge from CERI by calling 513-569-7562 or
by using the order form at the end of this
document.
SITE Exhibit at the 1991 HMCRI Superfund Conference in Washington DC
SITE Exhibit Conference Schedule
Date
April 7-9, 1992
April 14-16, 1992
May 12-14, 1992
November 17-19,1992
Conference Name
ETEX '92
EPA RREL 1 8th Annual Research
Symposium
HazTech International
EPA Forum on Innovative Hazardous
Waste Treatment Technologies
Location
Washington, DC
Cincinnati, OH
Pittsburgh, PA
San Francisco, CA
Conference
Contact
(617)449-6600
(215)542-1200
(206) 746-4173
(215)542-1200
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NEW ENTRANTS TO
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
Bergmann USA
72-11 West Stafford Road
Stafford Springs, CT 06076
Contact;: Rick Travor
203-684-6844
BESCORP
P.O. Box 70668
Fairbanks. AK 99707
Contact: Craig Jones
907-452-2512
Billings & Associates, Inc.
$816 Academy Parkway, North East
Albuquerque, NM 87109
Contact: Gale Billings
505-345-1116
Blo-Rem, Inc.
P.O. Box 116
Butler, IN 46721
Contact: Paul Groves
219-868-5823
MAECORP incorporated
155 North Wacker Drive
Suite 400
Chicago, II60606
Contact: Karl Yost
312-372-3300
J.R. SJmptot Company
P.O. Box 15057
Boise, ID 83715
Contact: Douglas Sell
208-389-7265
Toronto Harbor Commission
60 Harbour Street
Toronto, Canada M5J1B7
Contact: Dennis Lang
416-863-2047
UPDATED ADDRESSES AND
PHONE NUMBERS FOR DEVELOPERS
ASf Environmental Technologies/
Dames & Moore
3904 Corporex Park Drive,
Suite 100
Tampa, FL 33619
813-626-3811
Contact: Stoddard Pickrell
BioGanesSs Enterprise, Inc.
(formerly BloVsrsal USA, Inc.)
10626 Beechnut Court
Fairfax Station, VA 22039-1296
703-250-3442
Contact: Charles Wilde
Chemflx Technologies, Inc.
3838 Northg Causeway Blvd.,
Suite 2500
Metalrie, LA 70002
504-831-3600
Contact: Philip Baldwin
PURUS, INC.
2713 North First Street
San Josa, CA 95134-2000
408-955-1000
Contact: Paul Blystone
Terra Vac
54 Heather Lane
Orinda, CA 94563
510-254-8940
Contact: James Malot
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QUICK CONTACT LISTS
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program
Program Management
SITE Mailing List/
Solicitations (RFPs)
International
Technologies
Robert Olexsey 513-569-7861
Stephen James 513-569-7696
William Frietsch 513-569-7659
Stephen James 513-569-7696
Demonstration Program John Martin 513-569-7758
Emerging Technology Norma Lewis 513-569-7665
Program
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies Program
Eric Koglin
702-798-2432
OTHER CONTACTS
Superfund Technical Ben Blaney
Support Program (START)
513-569-7406
Technology Innovation Walter Kovalick 703-308-8800
Office
Hotline Operator 800-424-9346
Superfund Hotline
Document Ordering
Center for Environmental Operator 513-569-7562
Research Information
(CERI)
National Technical Operator 800-553-6847
Information Service
(NTIS)
Database Services
Alternative Treatment System Operator 301-670-6294
Technology Information
Center (ATTIC)
SITE Regional Contacts
SITE Program
Ron Lewis
513-569-7856
Paul dePercin
513-569-7797
Teri Shearer
513-569-7949
Laurel Staley
513-569-7863
Randy Parker
513-569-7271
Doug Grosse
513-569-7341
SITE Regional Coordinator
Region 1
Kim Lisa Kreiton Diana King
513-569-7328 617-573-9676
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Region 7
Peter Moss
212-264-4703
Paul Leonard
215-597-8485
John Risher
404-347-1586
Steve Ostrodka
312-886-3011
Don Williams
214-655-2197
Dana Trugley
913-551-7705
Region 8
Annette Gatchett Gerald Snyder
513-569-7697 303-294-7504
Jack Hubbard
513-569-7507
Norma Lewis
513-569-7665
Region 9
Region 10
Kenneth Erickson
415-744-2324
John Barich
206-553-8562
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUPERFUND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION DIVISION
RREL VIDEOTAPE ORDER FORM
Videotapes documenting US EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) projects have been combined in
1/2" VHS (NTSC format) composite tapes. Each tape is available at the cost of $30.00 plus $5.00
shipping/handling fee (per copy).
To order one or more tapes please complete the form on the reverse side of this sheet and mail it with your
check made out to the order of "Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc." A check for prepayment of the total
amount must accompany the order. FWEI will require 2-3 weeks to fulfill your request.
CONTENTS OF COMPOSITE TAPES
SITE Tape S1
SITE Tape S2
SITE Tape S3
RGB Research Tape R1
ECOVA (SHIRCO)
INFRARED
INCINERATION
SYSTEM
Brandon, FL 8/87
ULTROX
ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION AND
OXIDATION
San Jose, CA, 3/89
SOLIDITECH
SOLIDIFICATION AND
STABILIZATION
Morganville, NJ 12/88
SYNTHETIC SOILS
MATRIX (SSM) PROGRAM
ECOVA (SHIRCO)
INFARED
INCINERATION
SYSTEM
RoseTwp., Ml - 11/87
BIOTROL
BIOLOGICAL
AQUEOUS
TREATMENT
New Brighton, MN 9/89
CHEMFIX
SOLIDIFICATION AND
STABILIZATION
Clackamas, OR 3/89
DIOXIN AND THE MOBILE
INCINERATION SYSTEM
EMTECH (HAZCON)
SOLIDIFICATION
PROCESS
Douglasville, PA. 10/87
BIOTROL
SOIL WASHING
SYSTEM
New Brighton, MN - 9/89
NOVATERRA (TTUSA)
IN SITU STEAM AND
AIR STRIPPING
San Pedro, CA 9/89
MOBIL CARBON
REGENERATION SYSTEM
IWT/GEO-CON
IN SITU
STABILIZATION/
SOLIDIFICATION
Hialeah, FL - 4/88
IT/RREL
DEBRIS WASHING
SYSTEM
Hopkinsville, KY - 12/89
AWD TECHNOLOGIES
INTEGRATED VAPOR
EXTRACTION/STEAM
VACUUM STRIPPING
Burbank, CA - 9/90
MOBILE SOILS WASHING
SYSTEM
TERRA VAC
VACUUM
EXTRACTION SYSTEM
Groveland, MA 1/88
MOBILE IN SITU
CONTAINMENT/
TREATMENT
CF SYSTEMS
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION UNIT
New Bedford, MA - 3/89
•&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 199Z - 64«-O03/4ll!«
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FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE, INC.
VIDEOTAPE REQUEST FORM
_, 1992
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc.
Attn: Ms. Marilyn Avery
8 Peach Tree Hill Road
Livingston, NJ 07039
Dear Ms. Avery,
Please send us the following USEPA-produced videotapes. I have completed the address
information below and enclosed a check in the amount of $ made payable to
"Foster Wheeler Enviresponse" [$35.00 per tape, plus $10.00 additional per tape for
international shipments].
Copies Number Videotape Title
S1 SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE)
PROGRAM (6 technology demonstrations)
S2 SUPERFUND INNOVATIIVE TECHNOLGOY EVALUATION (SITE)
PROGRAM (4 technology demonstrations)
S3 SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE)
PROGRAM (4 technology demonstrations)
R1 RREL/RCB RESEARCH PROGRAM (5 programs)
(Contents of each tape are listed on the reverse side of this sheet.)
(Signed)
Title
Tapes should be sent to the following (Please Print):
NAME:
COMPANY:
ADDRESS:
CITY: STATE ZIP
(NO REQUESTS WILL BE HONORED WITHOUT PREPAYMENT BY PERSONAL OR COMPANY CHECK.)
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EPA
DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FROM THE
U.S. EPA RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
SUPERFUND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION DIVISION
General Publications
Technology Profiles (EPA/540/5-91/008)
Report to Congress (EPA/540/5-91/004)
Demonstration Project Results
American Combustion - Oxygen Enhanced Incineration
a Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/008)
a Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/008)
AWD Technologies • Vapor Extraction/Vacuum Stripping
^ Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/002)
BioTrol - Biological Aqueous Treatment
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-91/001)
CF Systems Corp. - Solvent Extraction
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-90/002)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/002)
Chem/Ix Technologies, Inc. - Chemical Fixation/Stabilization
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/011 a)
a Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/011)
DuPont/Oberiin - Membrane Microfittration
D Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/007)
Hazcon - Solidification
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/001 a)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/001)
IWT In-Srtu Stabilization
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/004a)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/004)
Shirco-lnfrared Incineration
I—I Technology Evaluation - Peake Oil
(EPA/540/5-88/002a)
Q Technology Evaluation - Rose Township
(EPA/540/5-89/007a)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/010)
Soliditech, Inc. - Solidification
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/005a)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/005)
Toxic Treatments - In Situ Steam/Hot-Air Stripping
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-90/008)
Terra Vac - Vacuum Extraction
Q Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/003a)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/003)
Ultrox International - UV Ozone Treatment for Liquids
d Technology Evaluation (EPA/540/5-89/012)
Q Applications Analysis (EPA/540/A5-89/012)
Emerging Program Reports
Bio-Recovery Systems Removal and Recovery of Metal Ions
from Groundwater
Q EPA/540/5-90/005a
Development of Electro-Acoustic Soil Decontamination
(ESDI Process for In Situ Applications
n EPA/540/S5-90/004
Q Check here if you would like your name placed on the SITE mailing list
Your Name, Mailing Address, and Phone (please print).
MAIL THIS FORM TO:
ORD Publications
26 W. Martin Luther King Dr. (G72)
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Documents ordered through ORD Publications are free of charge.
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