United Stales
Environmental Protection
Agency
National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, AL 36115-2601
EPA-402-R-97-003
February 1997
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
Environmental
Radiation Data
Report 80
October - December 1994
Recycled/Recyclable • Printed with Vegetable Based inks on Recycled Paper (20% Postconsumer)
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ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
DATA
REPORT 80
October-December 1994
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
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Preface
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Of-
fice of Radiation and Indoor Air's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation
Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contribut-
ing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available.
ERAMS was established in 1973 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
It is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, surface and
drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived.
The major emphasis for ERAMS is upon identifying trends in the accumulation of long-
lived radionuclides in the environment.
Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning
to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, and tritium. This monitoring effort also provides
ancillary information on natural background levels and on routine and accidental releases
into the environment from stationary sources.
The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are con-
tained in the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual
(EPA 520/5-84-006). Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with pro-
cedures contained in the ERAMS Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).
111
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Contents
Page
Data Reporting Rationale ix
ERAMS Data 1
1. Air Program 1
• Airborne Participates and Precipitation 1
• Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Participates and Precipitation 16
2. Water Program 19
• Surface Water 19
• Drinking Water 24
3. Milk Program 33
• Pasteurized Milk 33
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Tables
Table Page
1 ERAMS Repotting Increments and Minimum Detectable Concentrations xi
for Radionuclide Analyses
2 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: October 1994 2
3 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: November 1994 4
4 Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: December 1994 6
5 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: October 1994 8
6 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: November 1994 10
7 Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: December 1994 12
8 Tritium in Precipitation: October-December 1994 14
9 Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates: July-December 1994 Composites 17
10 Tritium in Surface Water: October-December 1994 20
11 Surface Water Annual Gamma Analysis: January-December 1994 22
12 Tritium in Drinking Water: October-December 1994 25
13 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations in Drinking Water: 27
January-December 1994 Composites
14 Plutonium and Uranium Analyses In Drinking Water: January-December 1994 30
15 Iodine-131 in Drinking Water: January-December 1994 31
16 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: October 1994 34
17 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: November 1994 36
18 Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: December 1994 38
19 Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk: October 1994 40
vu
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Data Reporting Rationale
Frequently, there is little or no radioactivity in environmental media. Thus, the results
of laboratory analyses should show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about
zero. A negative value occurs when a previously determined background value is subtracted
from a sample value that is less than that of the background. From July 1975 to March
1991, ERAMS data were reported as calculated, whether the results were negative, zero, or
positive. Since April 1991, negative results have been denoted as "not detectable," or "ND."
For gamma analyses only, results less than the la counting error are also denoted as "not
detectable."
All data are stored in the NAREL sample database as generated, and these values are
available for statistical evaluation. However, caution should be exercised in the use of the
data in this report for statistical analysis, since the removal of negative numbers produces a
positive bias in the distribution of results.
Reported Error Terms
Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term
at the Iff (95%) confidence level. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors.
At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is
the greatest contributor to overall error.
Significant Figures
No more than three significant figures will be reported. A datum that contains more
than three figures will be rounded off to three figures.
Reporting Levels
The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and routine minimum detectable
concentrations (MDCs) for each isotope are shown in Table 1. The MDC is defined as
the minimum concentration that gives a 95% probability of detection when the detection
criteria are chosen to give only a 5% probability of false detection in a blank sample.
Reporting increments are sometimes considerably smaller than MDCs to avoid truncation
errors in averaging.
Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary
and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual
data, including negative numbers, will be utilized. Averages will not be included in
ERD quarterly reports.
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Table 1
ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable
Concentrations for Radionuclide Analyses
Radionuclide
Gross Alpha
t Gross Beta
Tritium
ft Plutonium-238,239/240
t Uranium-234, 235,238
Radium-226
Strontium-90
tt Iodine-131
Cesium-137
Jt Barium-140
Potassium
Potassium-40
Media
Water
Air
Water
Precipitation
Reporting
Units
pCi/L
pCi/m3
pCi/L
nCi/m2
Reporting
Increments
1 pCi/L
0.01 pCi/m3
1 pCi/L
0.01 nCi/m2
Minimum
Detectable
Concentrations
2 pCi/L
0.0015 pCi/m3
2 pCi/L
0.005 nCi/m2
(specific radiochemical analyses)
Water
Milk
Air
Water
Air
Water
Water
Milk
Water
Milk (gamma)
Water (gamma)
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Milk
Water
Water
nCi/L
nCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
aCi/m3
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
pCi/L
g/L
g/L
pCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 nCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 aCi/m3
0.001 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
0.1 g/L
0.1 g/L
1 pCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
0.15 nCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
1.5 aCi/m3
0.1 pCi/L
0.02 pCi/L
2 pCi/L
1 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
4 pCi/L
0.3 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
5 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
15 pCi/L
0.06 g/L
0.06 g/L
50 pCi/L
f The MDC for precipitation is based on the assumption of 1 cm of precipitation.
«»
ff The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000 m Measurement by alpha spectroscopy include
contributions of plutonium-239 and plutonium-240.
J The MDC for air is based on an assumed total sample volume of 60,000 m .
{{ Activity as of the day of counting.
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1. Air Program
Airborne Participates and Precipitation
Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on
air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general
(national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.
Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide ge-
ographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity.
Sampling sites are located throughout the United States.
Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly and
field measurements are made with a G-M survey meterf at 5 hours after collection to allow
for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported to appropriate
EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.
The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta
counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than
IpCi/m3. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to
the decay of naturally occurring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.
Precipitation samples are collected at many field stations collecting air filters. These
samples are also sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans,
tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May
precipitation samples is analyzed for plutonium-238, -239, -240, and uranium-234, -235, and
-238.
A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radi-
ation Environmental Laboratory, 540 South Morris Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.
Tables 2-4 contain the data from airborne particulate samples for October-December
1994. Tables 5-7 contain the data from precipitation samples for October-December 1994.
Table 8 contains the data from tritium in precipitation samples for October-December 1994
at the selected sites.
j" The counts at five hours for the Montgomery, Alabama, station are performed on a low background beta counter.
1
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Table 2
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 1994
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL : Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS:Topeka
KY: Frankfort
ME: August a
MI: Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH : Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NT: Niagara Falls
NT: Syracuse
NY:Yaphank
OH : Columbus
Number
of
Samples
8
8
9
9
4
8
8
8
2
8
8
9
8
9
8
9
8
8
7
1
8
9
4
8
8
6
S
6
9
9
7
9
4
8
2
7
4
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 0.1 0.5
0.6 0.1 0.3
1.1 0.6 0.7
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
1.9 0.5 0.8
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.1 0.5
1.1 0.1 0.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.3
0.9 0.2 0.4
1.7 0.3 1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.9 0.2 0.5
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.1 0.2
1.8 0.2 0.9
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
-------
Table 2 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
October 1994
Location
OH:Painesville
OH: Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA:Harrisburg
PA Pittsburgh
SC:Barnvell
SC : Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
DT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA : Olympia
WA: Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
8
8
9
9
2
8
3
8
8
7
9
6
9
1
7
9
8
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.5 0.2 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.0 0.3
0.3 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.0 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.0 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.5 0.1 0.8
0.4 0.1 0.2
1.0 0.4 0.7
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.2 0.4
1.1 0.1 0.4
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m
-------
Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 1994
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS : Topeka
KY: Frankfort
ME: August a
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MO .-Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH : Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH .-Columbus
OH:Painesville
Number
of
Samples
8
6
8
7
5
9
8
7
8
9
6
7
9
8
9
8
5
8
8
3
6
8
5
7
8
8
4
7
7
7
7
8
5
8
7
5
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.4 0.7
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.3
1.1 0.2 0.6
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.4
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.3
2.2 0.2 0.7
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.5 0.2 0.7
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.7 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
-------
Table 3 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
November 1994
Location
OH: Ross
OH: Toledo
OR : Portland
PA:Harrisburg
PA Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA : Olympia
WA : Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
8
8
8
8
8
2
8
5
6
10
8
7
8
7
3
7
8
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.3
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.9 0.1 0.5
1.2 0.0 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.6 0.9
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.0 0.3
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m
-------
Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 1994
Location
AK : Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE : Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS:Topeka
KY: Frankfort
ME: August a
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC : Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ:Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY:Yaphank
OH : Columbus
OH:Painesville
Number
of
Samples
S
9
9
9
4
8
9
8
8
9
8
9
8
8
9
9
6
9
7
1
7
9
4
8
8
8
4
8
9
8
8
9
4
9
9
6
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.1 0.3
0.5 0.1 0.2
1.1 0.2 0.8
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.9 0.2 0.3
2.7 0.3 0.9
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.2
0.9 0.1 0.3
0.6 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.5 0.2 0.3
1.5 0.2 0.6
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.1 0.4
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.0 0.3
1.5 0.0 0.4
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.1
0.3 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.1 0.1
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.04 0.02 0.03
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.02 0.03
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.07 0.03 0.05
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.00 0.02
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Gross Beta in Airborne Participates
December 1994
Location
OH -.Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA :Harrisburg
PA Pittsburgh
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA : Olympia
WA : Spokane
WI: Madison
Number
of
Samples
9
9
8
9
9
2
8
7
8
8
9
8
7
6
2
9
8
9
5-Hour Field
Estimate
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.0 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.2
1.0 0.0 0.4
0.3 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.1 0.1
1.1 0.1 0.5
0.2 0.0 0.1
0.6 0.3 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.1 0.1
0.3 0.1 0.2
NAREL Lab
Measurement
Max Min Avg
(pCi/m3)
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.02
0.04 0.01 0.03
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.03 0.01 0.02
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.03 0.00 0.01
0.04 0.01 0.02
Minimum Detectable Concentration for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m .
-------
Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 1994
Location
AK: Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL : Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NY: Albany
NY .-Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PArHarrisburg
SCrBarnwell
SC: Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN : Nashville
TX: Austin
UT:Salt Lake City
Depth
(mm)
149.6
111.4
76.0
38.0
10.0
35.0
21,0
247.0
112.0
52.8
8.0
8.0
22.8
46.4
71.0
72.4
108.0
70.0
84.0
81.0
76.0
45.2
21.0
11.4
38.0
19.4
17.0
15.0
8.0
68.8
16.0
52.0
55.2
180.0
106.2
59.0
74.6
140.0
50.4
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 5 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
October 1994
Location
V A : Lynchburg
WA : Olympia
WI: Madison
Depth
(mm)
31.0
105.0
9.6
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
IL : Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN: Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
N J : Trenton
NVrLas Vegas
NY: Albany
NT: Niagara Falls
NT: Syracuse
NT:Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA:Harrisburg
SC:Barnwell
SC : Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
Depth
(mm)
70.0
72.4
127.0
43.0
87.8
28.0
40.0
77.0
168.4
100.0
13.2
66.0
37.2
99.8
85.0
115.8
12.6
163.0
76.0
61.0
55.0
15.4
56.8
5.6
50.8
44.0
16.0
32.0
152.6
84.0
25.2
99.2
66.6
71.6
60.0
45.2
70.0
11.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 6 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
November 1994
Location
DT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
WA : Olympia
WI: Madison
Depth
(mm)
65.2
28.6
130.0
66.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 1994
Location
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ: Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CT: Hartford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL : Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL : Chicago
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC : Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NJ: Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NY : Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY : Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA :Harrisburg
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
VA : Lynchburg
WA : Olympia
Depth
(mm)
62.0
56.0
40.0
77.0
130.0
54.0
66.2
88.0
41.0
21.0
55.0
8.0
81.6
13.0
26.0
95.0
37.0
65.0
11.6
40.0
38.0
58.0
23.0
8.0
58.4
88.0
67.8
91.2
134.6
166.6
54.0
65.8
80.0
40.0
23.8
414.0
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 7 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
December 1994
Location
WI: Madison
Depth
(mm)
36.4
Gross Beta
Activity
nCi/m2 ±2
-------
Table 8
Tritium in Precipitation
October-December 1994
Location
AK : Juneau
AL: Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI : Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL : Chicago
ME: Augusta
MI: Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
NC : Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
KD: Bismarck
NH : Concord
NJ:Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY:Yaphank
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA:Harrisburg
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
October 1994
nCi/L ±2
-------
Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Precipitation
October-December 1994
Location
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lyn.ch.burg
WA : Olympia
WI: Madison
October 1994
nCi/L ±2
-------
Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of semiannually composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating
airborne participate samplers.
Concentrations of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-
234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation. The
volume of air represented by the semiannual composite ranges from 60,000 to 250,000 cubic
meters.
Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.
Table 9 contains the plutonium and uranium results for the period July-December 1994.
16
-------
Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
July-December 1994 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AK : Juneau
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CT: Hartford
DE : Wilmington
FL : Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI: Honolulu
IA:Iowa City
ID: Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS:Topeka
KY: Frankfort
MA: Lawrence
ME: August a
MI: Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC : Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH : Concord
NJ:Trenton
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
NY:Yaphank
238pu
aCi/m3 ±20-
ND
0.4 0.5
0.2 0.6
0.1 0.6
ND
0.2 0.5
0.2 0.6
0.4 0.7
0.2 0.4
ND
ND
0.7 0.7
ND
0.5 0.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.5 1.5
0.1 0.2
ND
0.3 0.6
0.4 0.8
ND
0.1 0.5
ND
ND
ND
0.1 0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.4 0.6
ND
239-240pu
aCi/m3 ±2cr
ND
0.1 0.2
ND
0.3 0.4
0.1 0.4
0.2 0.2
ND
0.6 0.5
0.5 0.3
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
1.0 0.6
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.5 0.5
0.2 0.3
0.2 0.4
ND
ND
0.1 0.1
0.4 0.5
1.1 0.4
0.1 0.2
ND
0.1 0.2
ND
ND
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.3
1.2 0.4
ND
0.2 0.3
1.0 0.9
0.2 0.3
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.4
ND
2340
aCi/m3 ±2
-------
Table 9 (continued)
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
July-December 1994 Composites
Location
OH : Columbus
OH:Painesville
OH: Ross
OH: Toledo
OR: Port land
PA : Harrisburg
PA: Pittsburgh
SC:Barawell
SC : Columbia
SD: Pierre
TN:Knoxville
TN: Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:E1 Paso
UT:Salt Lake City
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA : Olympia
WA : Spokane
WI: Madison
238^
aCi/m3 ±2
-------
2. Water Program
The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation's
rivers, streams, and drinking water supplies.
Surface Water
Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities
at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma
activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and
weapons production activities. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine levels of
gamma emitting radionuclides.
Table 10 contains the tritium concentration data for October-December 1994. Table 11
contains the surface water annual gamma results for January-December 1994.
19
-------
Table 10
Tritium in Surface Water
October-December 1994
Location
AL:Decatur
AL : Gordon
AL: Scott sboro
AR: Little Rock
CA:Clay Station
CA : Eureka
CA:San Onofre
CO:Platteville
CT:East Haddam
CT:Waterford
FL: Crystal River
FL:Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
GA:Baxley
IA : Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL:Moline
IL: Morris
IL:Zion
KS:Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD : Conowingo
MD:Lusby
ME:Wiscasset
MI:Bridgman
MI:Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: South Haven
MN:Monticello
MN:Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Southport
NE:Rulo
NJ: Bay side
NJ: Oyster Creek
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Humboldt Bay
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Montseway Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Missouri River
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Date
Collected
10/18/94
10/25/94
10/17/94
10/04/94
10/04/94
10/06/94
11/16/94
10/05/94
10/17/94
10/17/94
11/01/94
10/10/94
10/13/94
10/10/94
10/19/94
10/04/94
10/31/94
10/11/94
12/31/94
12/27/94
11/11/94
10/26/94
10/11/94
10/11/94
10/28/94
10/11/94
10/06/94
10/10/94
10/12/94
10/12/94
10/05/94
10/04/94
10/12/94
10/13/94
10/12/94
10/11/94
10/13/94
3H
nCi/L ±2cr
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.5 0.2
0.1 0.3
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
20
-------
Table 10 (continued)
Tritium in Surface Water
October-December 1994
Location
NV: Boulder City
NT: Chelsea
NY : Croton-On-Hudson
NY.-Oswego
NY:Oswego
OH -.Toledo
OR:Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA Philadelphia
PA -.Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC:Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC:Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TN:Oak Ridge
TX:E1 Paso
TX:Matagorda
VA:Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT : Vernon
WA:Northport
WA:Richland
WI:Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Delaware River
Schuylkill R. - Belmont
Schuylkill R. - Queen
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Clinch River
Rio Grande
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
11/08/94
10/03/94
10/14/94
12/21/94
10/03/94
10/03/94
11/08/94
10/12/94
12/08/94
12/08/94
12/08/94
10/31/94
10/25/94
10/04/94
10/26/94
10/05/94
10/31/94
10/11/94
10/07/94
10/03/94
10/25/94
10/05/94
11/28/94
10/05/94
10/11/94
10/10/94
10/04/94
SH
nCi/L ±2
-------
Table 11
Surface Water
Annual Gamma Analysis
January-December 1994
Location
AL:Decatur
AL : Gordon
AL: Scott sboro
AR: Little Rock
CA:Clay Station
CA: Diablo Canyon
CA : Eureka
CA:San Onofre
COrPlatteville
CT:East Haddam
CTrWaterford
FL: Crystal River
FL:Ft. Pierce
FL: Homestead
GA:Baxley
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Buhl
IL:Moline
IL: Morris
IL:Zion
KS:Le Roy
LA: New Orleans
MA: Plymouth
MD : Conowingo
MD:Lusby
ME:Uiscasset
MI:Bridgman
MI : Charlevoix
MI: Monroe
MI: South Haven
MN:Monticello
MN:Red Wing
MS: Port Gibson
NC: Charlotte
NC : Southport
Source
Tennessee River
Chattahoochee River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Folsom S. Canal
Pacific Ocean
Humboldt Bay
Pacific Ocean
South Platte River
Connecticut River
Long Island Sound
Gulf Of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean
Biscayne Bay
Altamaha River
Cedar River
Snake River
Mississippi River
Illinois River
Lake Michigan
Neosho River
Mississippi River
Cape Cod Bay
Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay
Mont se way Bay
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Catawba River
Atlantic Ocean
Date
Collected
04/06/94
03/31/94
04/05/94
04/12/94
04/05/94
03/28/94
04/07/94
05/18/94
04/13/94
04/13/94
04/13/94
05/04/94
05/02/94
04/22/94
04/12/94
06/28/94
06/30/94
04/01/94
04/02/94
06/28/94
06/23/94
04/30/94
04/20/94
04/19/94
04/11/94
04/12/94
04/12/94
04/07/94
04/11/94
04/12/94
05/05/94
04/13/94
04/26/94
05/09/94
04/14/94
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2cr
ND
ND
ND
ND
214Bi: 12.8±5.2
40K: 300±55
40K:282±45
40K: 310±43
131I:33.9±11.3
131I:44.5±6.3
214Pb:7.4±5.7
40K: 293±43
ND
40K:42.7±39.6
40K: 325±44
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
40K:67.1±38.0
40K: 148±42
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
40K: 213±43
22
-------
Table 11 (continued)
Surface Water
Annual Gamma Analysis
January-December 1994
Location
NEcRulo
NJ: Bay side
NJ: Oyster Creek
NV: Boulder City
NT: Chelsea
NY : Croton-On-Hudson
NT:Oswego
OH: Toledo
OR:Bradwood
PA: Danville
PA: Philadelphia
PA : Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
SC:Allendale
SC: Broad River
SC:Hartsville
TN: Daisy
TN: Kingston
TX:E1 Paso
TX:Matagorda
VA:Doswell
VA: Newport News
VT:Vernon
WA : Northport
WA:Richland
HI: Two Creeks
WI: Victory
WV: Wheeling
Source
Missouri River
Delaware River
Oyster Creek
Colorado River
Hudson River
Hudson River
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Columbia River
Susquehanna River
Delaware River
Schuylkill R. - Belmont
Schuylkill R. - Queen
Savannah River
Broad River
Lake Robinson
Tennessee River
Clinch River
Rio Grande
Colorado River
North Anna River
James River
Connecticut River
Columbia River
Columbia River
Lake Michigan
Mississippi River
Ohio River
Date
Collected
04/25/94
04/12/94
04/21/94
05/04/94
04/04/94
04/22/94
06/28/94
04/14/94
06/06/94
04/20/94
04/21/94
04/21/94
04/21/94
04/29/94
04/07/94
04/11/94
04/14/94
04/05/94
04/11/94
04/11/94
04/06/94
04/15/94
04/13/94
05/16/94
04/20/94
04/11/94
04/11/94
04/05/94
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2<7
ND
ND
40K: 180±44
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
40K: 118±38
ND
40K: 75.6±29.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Note:
-------
Drinking Water
This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set
forth in the EPA "National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations." These regulations
provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/L, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed
15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do
not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.
Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or
selected nuclear facility environs.
The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta,
strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds
2 pCi/L and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) specific iodine-
131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for
plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demon-
strate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.
Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples. Gross
beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for
counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is
determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.
Table 12 contains the data from drinking water samples for October-December 1994.
Table 13 contains the data on gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and radium-226 in
drinking water for January-December 1994. Table 14 contains the plutonium and uranium
in drinking water data for January-December 1994. Table 15 contains the 1-131 in drinking
water results for January-December 1994.
24
-------
Table 12
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 1994
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL : Dothan
AL : Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL:Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CO: Denver
CO:Platteville
DE:Dover
FL: Miami
FL : Tampa
GA:Baxley
GA : Savannah
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL:W. Chicago
KS:Topeka
LA: Hen Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD : Conowingo
ME: Augusta
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN : Minneapolis
MN:Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
NT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH : Concord
NJ: Trenton
NJ:Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NT: Albany
Date
Collected
10/03/94
10/25/94
10/24/94
10/18/94
10/17/94
10/04/94
12/08/94
10/07/94
10/05/94
10/05/94
10/10/94
12/06/94
10/10/94
10/18/94
10/19/94
11/02/94
10/19/94
12/30/94
10/05/94
10/03/94
10/24/94
10/05/94
10/11/94
11/09/94
10/31/94
10/21/94
10/14/94
10/19/94
12/30/94
10/05/94
10/04/94
12/02/94
10/12/94
10/13/94
10/04/94
12/29/94
10/14/94
10/13/94
11/10/94
10/03/94
10/03/94
3H
nCi/L ±2
-------
Table 12 (continued)
Tritium in Drinking Water
October-December 1994
Location
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH Cincinnati
OH : Columbus
OH: East Liverpool
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR: Portland
PA: Columbia
PA:Harrisburg
PA : Philadelphia
PA : Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia
PA: Pittsburgh
PC:Corozal
RI : Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC : Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
TN:Knoxville
TX: Austin
VA:Doswell
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
10/05/94
10/03/94
12/27/94
12/06/94
10/07/94
10/07/94
10/11/94
10/03/94
10/13/94
10/13/94
10/13/94
12/08/94
12/08/94
12/08/94
10/07/94
10/04/94
12/30/94
10/11/94
10/05/94
10/17/94
10/11/94
10/03/94
12/29/94
10/17/94
10/03/94
12/29/94
10/03/94
10/03/94
10/05/94
12/29/94
10/10/94
10/03/94
3H
nCi/L ±2
-------
Table 13
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations
January-December 1994 Composites
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL:Dothan
AL: Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL:Scottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO:Platteville
CT: Hart ford
DC : Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL : Tampa
GA:Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI: Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL: Morris
IL:W. Chicago
KS:Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD : Conowingo
ME: August a
MI -.Detroit
MI : Grand Rapids
MN : Minneapolis
MN:Red Wing
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
131.0
186.0
91.5
81.8
82.0
30.0
20.6
300.0
119.0
924.0
42.8
138.0
261.0
171.0
300.0
160.0
130.0
170.0
131.0
101.0
167.0
466.0
258.0
237.0
156.0
102.0
97.0
174.0
53.2
79.4
110.0
87.0
85.3
188.0
78.4
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ±2
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations
January-December 1994 Composites
Location
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC: Wilmington
HD: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ:Trenton
NJ:Waretown
KM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY : Albany
NY: Hew York City
NY: Niagara Falls
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH : Columbus
OH: East Liverpool
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Portland
PA : Columbia
PA:Harrisburg
PA Philadelphia
PA: Philadelphia - Baxter
PA : Philadelphia - Queen
PA Pittsburgh
PC:Corozal
RI: Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC : Columbia
SC : Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN: Chattanooga
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
225.0
63.8
47.2
180.0
301.0
307.0
77.2
13.8
88.2
364.0
629.0
81.8
42.8
101.0
100.0
187.0
330.0
169.0
136.0
94.4
72.2
25.4
158.0
84.8
186.0
182.0
210.0
181.0
70.4
117.0
24.8
81.6
214.0
29.4
95.2
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ±2
-------
Table 13 (continued)
Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations
January-December 1994 Composites
Location
TN:Knoxville
TX: Austin
VA:Doswell
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:Richland
WA: Seattle
HI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
107.0
197.0
154.0
BO. 6
92.4
58.2
32.6
148.0
230.0
Gross
Beta
pCi/L ±2(7
1.8 0.6
3.0 1.0
3.9 0.9
0.8 0.5
2.0 0.6
0.6 0.8
0.2 0.6
2.0 0.6
2.6 0.8
Gross
Alpha
pCi/L ±2<7
0.2 0.6
ND
0.4 1.0
0.2 0.4
0.2 0.6
0.6 0.7
ND
1.4 1.0
4.3 1.9
90Sr
pCi/L ±2(7
0.1 0.2
ND
0.0 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2
ND
ND
226Ra
pCi/L ±2er
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.7 0.0
Specific Gamma
Activity
pCi/L ±2
-------
Table 14
Plutonium and Uranium Analyses
Selected Drinking Water Composite Samples
January-December 1994
Location
CA:Los Angeles
CO:Platteville
GA:Baxley
IL: Morris
IL:U. Chicago
MN:Red Wing
KE: Lincoln
NJ:Waretovn
KM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
SC : Jenkinsville
WI: Madison
238 pu
pCi/L ±2
-------
Table 15
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 1994
Location
AK: Fairbanks
AL:Dothan
AL : Montgomery
AL : Montgomery
AL: Muscle Shoals
AL: Muscle Shoals
ALrScottsboro
AR: Little Rock
CA: Berkeley
CA:Los Angeles
CO: Denver
CO:Platteville
CT: Hartford
DC : Washington
DE: Dover
FL: Miami
FL : Tampa
6A:Baxley
GA: Savannah
HI : Honolulu
IA: Cedar Rapids
ID:Boise
ID: Idaho Falls
IL:W. Chicago
KS:Topeka
LA: New Orleans
MA: Lawrence
MD: Baltimore
MD : Conowingo
ME: August a
MI:Detroit
MI: Lansing
MN : Minneapolis
MN:Red Wing
MO .-Jefferson City
MS : Jackson
MS: Port Gibson
MT: Helena
NC: Charlotte
NC : Wilmington
Date
Collected
04/06/94
01/13/94
07/19/94
10/24/94
01/12/94
04/06/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
04/27/94
01/03/94
01/07/94
01/06/94
04/04/94
07/21/94
01/18/94
01/31/94
01/20/94
01/11/94
05/20/94
01/06/94
01/20/94
01/03/94
01/21/94
01/31/94
01/03/94
01/03/94
01/19/94
01/03/94
04/19/94
01/13/94
04/05/94
01/18/94
04/11/94
04/05/94
01/01/94
01/20/94
04/26/94
04/04/94
01/12/94
01/04/94
pCi/L
ND
KD
0.1
ND
ND
ND
0.1
ND
ND
ND
0.1
0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.1
ND
0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
±2(7
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
31
-------
Table 15 (continued)
Iodine-131 in Drinking Water
January-December 1994
Location
ND: Bismarck
NE: Lincoln
NH: Concord
NJ:Trenton
NJ:Waretown
NM: Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Albany
NY: New York City
NY: Niagara Falls
OH: Cincinnati
OH: East Liverpool
OH:Painesville
OH: Toledo
OK: Oklahoma City
OR: Port land
PA : Columbia
PA:Harrisburg
PA : Philadelphia
PA Philadelphia - Baxter
PA Philadelphia - Queen
PA Pittsburgh
PC:Corozal
RI : Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC: Columbia
SC : Jenkinsville
SC: Seneca
TN : Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
TX: Austin
VA:Doswell
VA : Lynchburg
VA: Virginia Beach
WA:Richland
WA: Seattle
WI: Genoa City
WI: Madison
Date
Collected
01/04/94
07/27/94
01/11/94
01/12/94
10/13/94
04/29/94
04/04/94
01/03/94
01/05/94
07/06/94
09/30/94
05/10/94
01/04/94
01/02/94
07/07/94
07/06/94
01/26/94
07/21/94
09/20/94
09/20/94
03/02/94
05/10/94
01/12/94
01/01/94
01/14/94
01/04/94
01/14/94
01/25/94
05/13/94
01/26/94
01/04/94
05/19/94
01/04/94
10/03/94
01/06/94
01/05/94
04/11/94
01/07/94
pCi/L ±2
-------
3. Milk Program
Pasteurized Milk
Milk is a reliable indicator of the general population's intake of radiomiclides since it
is consumed fresh by a large segment of the population and can contain several of the
biologically important radionuclides that result from environmental releases from nuclear
activities. A primary function of this program is to obtain reliable monitoring data relative
to current radionuclide concentrations and determine any long-term trends.
Monthly samples are collected at approximately 55 sampling sites with at least one lo-
cated in most states, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone. The samples are composited,
according to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent
of the milk consumed in a given population center.
The samples are analyzed for gamma emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-
140, cesium-137, and potassium. All samples collected in July are analyzed for strontium-90.
Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April, and October, 10
regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA's 10 regions
are analyzed for strontium-90.
Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium are determined by gamma spectral
analysis. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has
been chemically separated by ion exchange.
Tables 16-18 contain the concentrations of radionuclides in pasteurized milk for October-
December 1994. Table 19 contains the concentrations of strontium-90 in pasteurized milk
EPA Regional Composites for October 1994.
33
-------
Table 16
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO: Denver
FL: Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Koines
IL : Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KT: Louisville
LA: New Orleans
HA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
HI: Grand Rapids
HN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND:Minot
NJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NT: Las Vegas
NT: Buffalo
NT: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
Date
Collected
10/06/94
10/18/94
10/14/94
10/13/94
10/04/94
10/04/94
10/19/94
10/03/94
10/12/94
10/03/94
10/03/94
10/06/94
10/04/94
10/25/94
10/04/94
10/14/94
10/07/94
10/07/94
10/03/94
10/05/94
10/26/94
10/04/94
10/05/94
10/04/94
10/05/94
10/05/94
10/04/94
10/12/94
10/03/94
10/31/94
10/12/94
10/03/94
10/04/94
10/05/94
10/05/94
10/07/94
10/05/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 16 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
October 1994
Location
SD: Rapid City
TN : Chattanooga
TNrKnoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
10/04/94
10/03/94
10/10/94
10/07/94
10/25/94
10/05/94
10/29/94
10/18/94
10/07/94
10/10/94
10/03/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 17
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
CA:Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO: Denver
DE: Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Des Moines
IL : Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
MA:Boston
MD: Baltimore
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
MN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND:Minot
NJ: Trenton
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH: Cincinnati
OH Cleveland
OR: Portland
PA: Philadelphia
PA Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
Date
Collected
11/10/94
11/02/94
11/04/94
11/01/94
11/01/94
11/20/94
11/16/94
11/01/94
11/09/94
11/07/94
11/07/94
11/04/94
11/07/94
11/21/94
11/08/94
11/07/94
11/04/94
11/10/94
11/07/94
11/02/94
11/23/94
11/02/94
11/10/94
11/02/94
11/09/94
11/01/94
11/01/94
11/07/94
11/15/94
11/21/94
11/07/94
11/07/94
11/07/94
11/15/94
11/09/94
11/09/94
11/07/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 17 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
November 1994
Location
TN: Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VA: Norfolk
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
11/15/94
11/07/94
11/22/94
11/01/94
11/14/94
11/30/94
11/14/94
11/04/94
11/09/94
11/07/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 18
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1994
Location
AL : Montgomery
AR: Little Rock
AZ : Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles
CA: Sacramento
CA:San Francisco
CO: Denver
DE: Wilmington
FL : Tampa
GA: Atlanta
HI: Honolulu
IA:Oes Koines
IL : Chicago
IN : Indianapolis
KS: Wichita
KY: Louisville
HA: Boston
MD: Baltimore
ME: Portland
MI: Detroit
MI: Grand Rapids
HN:St. Paul
MO: Kansas City
MS : Jackson
NC: Charlotte
ND:Minot
KJ: Trenton
NM : Albuquerque
NV:Las Vegas
NY: Buffalo
NY: Syracuse
OH .-Cincinnati
OH : Cleveland
OR: Port land
PA: Philadelphia
PA Pittsburgh
PC: Cristobal
Date
Collected
12/08/94
12/06/94
12/13/94
12/09/94
12/12/94
12/05/94
12/01/94
12/09/94
12/06/94
12/06/94
12/05/94
12/05/94
12/07/94
12/05/94
12/20/94
12/05/94
12/09/94
12/02/94
12/12/94
12/07/94
12/05/94
12/07/94
12/21/94
12/03/94
12/06/94
12/30/94
12/06/94
12/19/94
12/06/94
12/12/94
12/05/94
12/05/94
12/05/94
12/05/94
12/06/94
12/05/94
12/06/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 18 (continued)
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
December 1994
Location
PR: San Juan
SC: Charleston
SD: Rapid City
TN: Chattanooga
TN:Knoxville
TN: Memphis
TX: Austin
TX:Ft. Worth
VT: Burlington
WA: Seattle
WA : Spokane
WV: Charleston
Date
Collected
12/08/94
12/05/94
12/05/94
12/04/94
12/05/94
12/13/94
12/12/94
12/20/94
12/12/94
12/05/94
12/12/94
12/05/94
K
g/L ±2
-------
Table 19
Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk
EPA Regional Composites
October 1994
EPA
Region
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Collection
Date
10/12/94
10/07/94
10/10/94
10/06/94
10/10/94
10/13/94
10/16/94
10/09/94
10/07/94
10/07/94
90Sr
pCi/L ±2
-------
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:
Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to:
John G. Griggs, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601
or to:
William C. Conklin
Policy and Emergency Response Branch
Criteria and Standards Division (6602J)
USEPA Waterside Mall
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
------- |