United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Radiation Programs
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 520/1-88-010
June 1988
Radiation
xvEPA
A Monitoring Program for
Radionuclides in Marketplace
Seafoods
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EPA 520/1-88-010
A MONITORING PROGRAM
FOR RADIONUCLIDES IN MARKETPLACE SEAFOODS
Conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency
and the Food and Drug Administration, 1981-1982
William R. Curtis
Office of Radiation Programs
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROrECTION AGENCY
Washington, D.C. 20460
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FOREWORD
In response to the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act of 1972, as amended (Public Law 92-532), the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) developed regulations and criteria to control ocean disposal
of waste materials, including low-level radioactive wastes (LLW) . In
1981, the EPA Office of Radiation Programs and the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) began monitoring the concentrations of radioactivity
in seafoods commercially available from marketplaces that are near
previously used LLW disposal sites.
Between 1946 and 1970, the United States authorized ocean
disposal for LLW. The EPA has determined that approximately 112,000 LLW
containers were disposed off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, primarily
at the following locations: (1) near the Farallon Islands off the coast
of California; (2) at two deep-ocean sites east of the Delaware,
Maryland, and Virginia (DELMARVA) peninsula; and (3) in Massachusetts
Bay. Accordingly, for this EPA/FDA radionuclide monitoring study,
seafood samples were collected from San Francisco, Atlantic City and
Boston, each of which is near one of the major U.S. ocean disposal
locations for LLW.
This report presents the results of EPA and FDA radionuclide
analyses for all seafood samples collected. The data show that the
radioactivity levels for man-made nuclides in the samples were found to
be within normally expected environmental background (ambient) ranges.
There is no indication that previous U.S. ocean disposals of LLW have
resulted in contamination of commercially available seafoods.
The Agency invites all readers of this report to send any
comments or suggestions to Mr. David E. Janes, Director, Analysis and
Support Division, Office of Radiation/programs (ANR-461), Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,/2p460.
Richard J.xQ^fmond, Director
Office of/Radiation Programs
111
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PREFACE
This report presents the results of a monitoring program,
conducted in 1981 and 1982, by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its purpose was to measure
concentrations of man-made radionuclides in seafoods to determine effects
from previous U.S. ocean disposals of low-level radioactive wastes
(LLW). Commercially-marketed seafood samples were collected from Boston,
Massachusetts, Atlantic City, New Jersey and San Francisco, California.
Each of these cities is near a previously-used U.S. ocean disposal site
for LLW.
Seafood samples were collected from commercial fishing boats in
Boston between September 1981 and November 1982, in Atlantic City between
September 1981 and May 1982, and in San Francisco between October 1981
and May 1982. Samples were obtained as the boats returned from fishing
trips near the previously-used LLW disposal sites. Fish samples
collected from Boston included Atlantic cod, Winter flounder, Haddock,
Red hake and Pollock. Cusk eels were also collected. Conger eels
and Tilefishes were collected from Atlantic City. Fish samples from
San Francisco included Dover sole, Lingcod, Pacific hake, Pacific red
snapper, Sablefish, and Thornyhead.
All samples were analyzed for radioactivity by the EPA Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama, and by
the FDA Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center in Winchester,
Massachusetts. This report presents the radioanalytical data from EERF
and WEAC. Tables 6, 7 and 8 show the results from EERF for cesium-137,
plutonium-238 and -239, and strontium-90. The WEAC data for cesium,
plutonium and strontium are contained in Tables 9, 10 and 11. Appendices
A, B and C provide a listing for all analytical results, both man-made
and natural radionuclides, completed by EERF.
All EERF analytical results for plutonium-239 and strontium-90
yielded values below the minimum detectable level (MDL) for each
radionuclide, as given in Table 5. Two analyses for cesium-137 provided
results equal to or above the MDL, but are consistent with previously
reported ambient data. Two analyses for plutonium-238 provided data
above both the MDL and ambient levels, but a large error term associated
with each of these analyses discounts their validity.
The WEAC reported no detectable activity for plutonium-239 or
strontium-90 in the samples analyzed. Measureable levels were reported
in twelve of thirty-seven samples analyzed for cesium -137, and are
consistent with cesium values in fish reported previously.
The data obtained during this monitoring program shows that the
concentrations of man-made radioactivity in seafoods sampled are below
levels of public health concern. The data is considered to be of normal
background level, attributable to global fallout over the oceans.
v
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD iii
PREFACE v
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
I. HISTORICAL AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE 1
II. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLING 5
2.1 Samples Collected From Boston 7
2.2 Samples Collected From Atlantic City 8
2.3 Samples Collected From San Francisco 8
III. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD ANALYSES 13
3.1 Analytical Procedures 13
3.2 Analytical Results 15
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 27
4.1 Discussion of Analytical Results 27
4.2 Conclusions 33
REFERENCES 35
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 37
APPENDICES 38
A. EPA EERF Analyses of Samples
Collected by the FDA From Boston
B. EPA EERF Analyses of Samples
Collected by the FDA From Atlantic City
C. EPA EERF Analyses of Samples
Collected by the FDA From San Francisco
VII
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1 Locations of Major U.S. Ocean Disposal
Areas For LLW, 1946 - 1970
IX
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1 FDA Analyses of Fish Collected from the Farallon
Islands LLW Disposal Area, Prior to the EPA/FDA
Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program 6
Table 2 Marketplace Seafood Samples Collected by FDA
from Boston Fishermen 10
Table 3 Marketplace Seafood Samples Collected by FDA
from Atlantic City Fishermen 11
Table 4 Marketplace Seafood Samples Collected by FDA
from San Francisco Fishermen 12
Table 5 Radionuclides Identified by EERF in Samples
from the EPA/FDA Marketplace Seafood
Monitoring Program 14
Table 6 EERF Analytical Results for Cesium-137 17
Table 7A EERF Analytical Results for Plutonium-238 and
Plutonium-239 (Boston Marketplace Samples) 18
Table 7B EERF Analytical Results for Plutonium-238 and
Plutonium-239 (Atlantic City Marketplace
Samples) 19
Table 7C EERF Analytical Results for Plutonium-238 and
Plutonium-239 (San Francisco Marketplace
Samples) 20
Table 8A EERF Analytical Results for Strontium-90
(Boston Marketplace Samples) 21
Table 8B EERF Analytical Results for Strontium-90
(Atlantic City Marketplace Samples) 22
Table 8C EERF Analytical Results for Strontium-90
(San Francisco Marketplace Samples) 23
Table 9 WEAC Analytical Results for Seafood Samples
Collected from Boston 24
Table 10 WEAC Analytical Results for Seafood Samples
Collected from Atlantic City 25
XI
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued^
Page
Table 11 WEAC Analytical Results for Seafood Samples
Collected from San Francisco 26
Table 12 EERF Data Summary, Number of Analyses for Man-made
Radionuclides by Activity Level Categories 28
Table 13 WEAC Data Summary, Number of Analyses for
Radionuclides by Activity Level Categories 39
Xlll
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I. HISTORICAL AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE
Since World War II, the increased use of radioactive materials
in the United States has created substantial volumes of low-level
radioactive waste (LLW) materials. LLW are routinely generated by
nuclear power facilities, commercial manufacturing processes, military
and civilian research programs, university laboratories and medical
facilities. LLW are generally defined as all radioactive waste materials
not directly resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear reactor
fuel, and usually contain such radionuclides as cobalt, strontium,
plutonium and cesium. Small quantities of source materials, such as
uranium, may also be included. Additionally, LLW frequently include
laboratory equipment, tools, clothing or other items that became
contaminated by contact with radioactive substances.
The United States began disposing of LLW in 1946 at ocean
locations authorized by the Atomic Energy Commission (ABC), as well as
by shallow burial on government-owned land. For ocean disposal, the AEC
licensed private companies to package, transport and dispose of LLW.
Packaging was normally accomplished by placing the LLW in containers for
insertion into steel drums that were to be capped on both ends with
concrete or by mixing the LLW directly into concrete used to fill steel
drums. In most cases, 55-gallon drums were used. After waste encasement
and concrete solidification were completed, the drums were transported to
designated ocean disposal sites where the drums were then allowed to
free-fall through the water column onto the sea floor. By 1963, most LLW
disposals in the oceans ended because the AEC began to issue licenses for
the use of newly authorized, commercially-operated land disposal sites,
which were found to be more economically attractive to contract
disposers. Some at-sea LLW disposal licenses did remain in effect
through the late 1960's, but in 1970 the United States terminated all
ocean disposals of radioactive waste materials.
In 1972, the U.S. Congress enacted the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act (Public Law 92-532) which authorized the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate all ocean disposal of
waste materials, including any radioactive wastes. The Act directed the
EPA to determine that any type of waste disposals will not unreasonably
degrade or endanger human health or the marine environment. The EPA was
also directed to establish and apply criteria to review and evaluate
waste disposal permit applications. The Act further directed that
comprehensive, continuing monitoring for effects from waste disposals in
the oceans be coordinated between the Department of Commerce's, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the EPA.
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In 1973, the United States ratified the 1972 London Dumping
Convention (LOG) which prohibited, as does U.S. Public Law 92-532, any
ocean disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW), as defined by the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Future ocean disposals of LLW
were permitted, but only under the controlled conditions stipulated by
the LOG.
The EPA Office of Radiation Programs began a series of
environmental studies at formerly used LLW disposal sites in 1974. Four
of the known U.S. ocean disposal locations were surveyed to obtain data
to support the development of regulations and criteria to control any
future disposals. Pacific Ocean studies, at 900 meter and 1700 meter
sites within the AEC-designated Farallon Islands LLW disposal area,
were conducted in 1974 and 1975 (DYER, 1976) and in 1977 (SCHELL, 1980) .
Atlantic Ocean studies, at 2800 meter and 3800 meter LLW disposal sites,
were carried out in 1974 and 1975 (DYER, 1976), 1976 and 1978 (REISH,
1983) and (HANSELMAN, 1983).
The EPA issued regulations and criteria for ocean disposal of
waste materials in 1977, stipulating that radioactive materials be
containerized to prevent dispersion of radionuclides into ocean waters,
and that the containers remain intact in the environment until the
radioactivity within them decays to innocuous levels.
During the late 1970's and early 1980's, public and
Congressional interest about effects from previous U.S. ocean disposals
of LLW increased. Specific public health concerns were expressed because
of the potential for LLW leakage from containers that were disposed
previously off the coasts of California and the DELMARVA (Delaware,
Maryland and Virginia) peninsula, and in Massachusetts Bay. In response
to these concerns, the EPA initiated additional projects to determine the
potential for public health and environmental effects from previous U.S.
ocean disposals of LLW.
In 1981, the EPA reviewed available LLW ocean disposal records
to more precisely determine the total extent of actual disposals. The
records that EPA obtained consisted primarily of licenses issued by the
ABC to private contractors, and log books from contractor-operated
national laboratories supported by the AEC. From these licenses and log
books, the EPA identified intended or actual dates of disposal, approxi-
mate quantities of LLW materials prepared for disposal, quantities of
waste transported to disposal sites, and planned or actual navigational
disposal coordinates. The general nature of LLW materials for disposal
and the estimated radioactivity at the time of packaging were usually,
but not always, provided. The records did not contain specific infor-
mation about the types of isotopes or other items that were within each
individual container. In designating ocean LLW disposal areas, the AEC
had sometimes provided a single set of navigational coordinates; thereby
potentially concentrating disposals within a relatively specific sea
floor area. In other instances, however, the AEC had designated boundary
limits for LLW disposal areas, allowing for potentially broader sea floor
disposal areas.
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In 1981, EPA determined that approximately 112,000 LLW
containers were disposed at sea off the U.S. coasts between 1946 and
1970, and that the total radioactivity amounted to approximately 120,000
curies at the times of disposal. Twenty-nine ocean locations were
identified as having received LLW. Four of these areas received the
majority of wastes and are identified in Figure 1 as one area near the
Farallon Islands in the Pacific Ocean, two nearby areas in the Atlantic
Ocean, and one in Massachusetts Bay. The Farallon Islands LLW disposal
area, which includes two disposal sites at depths of 900 meters and 1700
meters, received approximately 14,700 curies (98 percent) of the total
radioactivity disposed of by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean. In the
Atlantic Ocean, LLW dispoals occurred at both a 2800 meter and a 3800
meter site. These sites together received approximately 102,500 curies
(97 percent) of all the radioactivity disposed off the U.S. east coast.
The Massachusetts Bay LLW disposal area received about 2 percent of the
Atlantic Ocean total (CURTIS, 1984).
Also in 1981, at the request of EPA and in response to
Congressional interest in ocean monitoring activities, NOAA began to
collect samples of biota and sediment for EPA from Massachusetts Bay
during routine NOAA monitoring program surveys. NOAA also conducted a
side scan sonar survey at three sites in the Bay during 1981, as
preliminary support to an EPA radiological monitoring survey in the Bay
in 1982 (LOCKWOOD, 1982) and (CURTIS, 1984). These sites had been
designated by the ABC for disposal of LLW in the 1940's and 1950's.
During 1981 the EPA also requested assistance from the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA), specifically to conduct public health
monitoring as outlined in an EPA/NOAA draft programmatic monitoring
plan. A portion of that plan pertained to measuring radioactivity in
seafoods commercially available from marketplaces in cities near the
major U.,S. ocean LLW disposal areas, since the contamination of seafoods
is the only significant pathway by which humans could be affected by
previous U.S. ocean disposals of LLW. The FDA has, for many years,
maintained a national Total Diet Studies Compliance Program to monitor
levels of radioactivity in a variety of foods. Samples are routinely
collected by FDA scientists throughout the country and sent to the
Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center (WEAC) in Winchester,
Massachusetts for radionuclide analyses. In response to the EPA's
request, the FDA began collecting commercially-marketed fish samples from
San Francisco, Atlantic City, and Boston during the fall of 1981 for
analysis by both the WEAC and the EPA Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama.
The remainder of this report describes the EPA/FDA Marketplace
Seafood Sampling and Analysis Program, conducted during 1981 and 1982.
The collection of samples, the results of radionuclide analyses, and
conclusions from the study are presented in Sections II, III and TV,
respectively. Appendices A, B and C contain complete computerized data
results from EERF radionuclide analyses of samples collected in Boston,
Atlantic City, and San Francisco.
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A
Farallon Islands
Area
A Massachusetts Bay
Site
Atlantic
2800m
A Site
Atlantic
3800 m
Site
FIGURE 1
LOCATIONS OF MAJOR U.S. OCEAN DISPOSAL AREAS
FORLLW, 1946- 1970
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II. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLING
During the summer of 1981, EPA and FDA scientists and program
managers met to discuss potential cooperative efforts related to public
health monitoring. The EPA was specifically concerned with determining
whether the levels of radioactivity in seafoods routinely consumed by the
public, from fish catches near the previously-used U.S. LLW ocean
disposal sites, posed any real or potential public health problems.
The FDA had previously conducted a study in which twelve
commercial fish samples were analyzed for radioactivity (see Table 1).
These samples were collected for the FDA near the Farallon Islands LLW
disposal site by fishermen from Point St. George, California in 1978 and
1980. The FDA, based upon the data from their analyses of those fish
samples and the results of previous EPA studies at major U.S. LLW
disposal sites, concluded that previous U.S. ocean disposals of LLW were
not giving rise to radiation levels in commercial fish that are above
background levels of radioactivity in the oceans and, thus, of no public
health significance. The FDA did, however, recognize that the available
data on radioactivity levels in commercial fish species were limited and
believed that additional sampling was therefore warranted (STROUBE,
1984) . Accordingly, the FDA agreed to begin a limited Marketplace
Seafood Sampling and Analysis Program for EPA in the fall of 1981 to
analyze commercially-marketed seafoods for selected radionuclides.
In August 1981, three of the FDA district offices (Boston,
Newark and San Francisco) set up a program to collect twelve samples of
edible fish; six samples from each district during the fall of 1981 and
six more samples during the spring of 1982. Samples of marketable fish,
those most likely to be eaten by the public and caught by commercial
fishermen near the major U.S. sites for ocean disaposal of LLW, were to
be collected from Boston, Atlantic City and San Francisco. FDA personnel
were to determine which commercial fishing boats would be harvesting near
the disposal sites during the Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program, and
to obtain representative samples from these boats when they returned to
port. Collectors were to particularly ensure that the dockside
collections were made from only those species of fish collected near
LLW disposal sites.
The FDA collection procedures from the fishing boats were
designed to provide standardized sampling within each district. The
seafoods collected provided no less than twenty (20) pounds of edible
portions per species. Bottom-feeding fish were designated as the samples
of choice since these would most likely provide any evidence of
radioactivity migrating into the marine environment from the LLW
containers in the disposal sites. Three different bottom-feeding species
were to be acquired from each district collection. When bottom-feeders
were not be a part of the fishing boat harvests, samples of pelagic
feeders (nonmigratory and/or migratory) or shellfish were to be collected.
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TABLE 1. PDA ANALYSES OF FISH COLLECTED FROM THE FARALLON ISLANDS LLW DISPOSAL AREA
PRIOR TO THE EPA/FDA MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD PROGRAM
DATE
COLLECTED
6/20/78
6/20/78
6/20/78
10/6/80
10/6/80
10/6/80
11/21/80
11/21/80
11/21/80
11/21/80
11/21/80
11/21/80
TYPE OF
FISH
Thornyhead
Sablefish
Dover Sole
Thornyhead
Rockf ish
Sablefish
Sablefish
Sable Eish
Sablefish
Sablefish
Sablefish
Sablefish
and
Dover Sole
(Scientific Name)
Sebastolobus sp.
Anoplopoma fimbria
Microstomus pacificus
Schastolobus sp.
Sebastes sp.
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
Microstomus pacificus
FDA SAMPLE
NUMBER
78-146-002
78-146-003
78-146-004
81-220-534
81-220-535
81-220-536
81-253-564
81-253-565
81-253-566
81-253-567
81-253-568
81-253-569
ANALYSIS RESULTS (pCi/kg)
1-131 Ru-106 Cs-137 Sr-90 Pu-239
ND ND ND ISO *
ND ND ND ND *
ND ND ND ND *
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND Id
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
ND = Not Detectable
* = No Analysis Completed
Detection Limits
1-131 =
Ru-106 =
Cs-137 =
Sr-90 -
10 pCiAg
20 pCi/kg
10 pC;/kg
2 pCi/kg
Pu-239 = 0.1
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Thirty-seven seafood sanples were actually collected from
Boston, Atlantic City and San Francisco fishermen. The species
obtained are listed and briefly discussed below. Common name
identifications were provided by the FDA district personnel collecting
the samples. The brief summary about each type of sample collected was
compiled from information contained in (GATES, 1974), (GCTSHALL, 1987),
(McCLANE, 1978), (MILLER, 1972), (MUSICK, 1979), and (RAY, 1956) and
from ichthyologists at the California Academy of Sciences Aquarium in
San Francisco.
2.1 Samples Collected from Boston
Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) is a common commercial catch and
popular sport fishery species that is generally abundant in New England
waters from mid-October to April. These cod are known to either
migrate extensively or remain fairly constant in a given area. Adults
are commonly caught from 60 to 1,500 feet, and feed primarily on
bottom-dwelling invertebrates and smaller demersal fishes. The younger
specimens are normally found bottom-feeding in snallower waters than
adults, after an early portion of the life cycle is spent feeding on
copepods and small crustaceans in surface waters. Most commercial New
England catches are in the six to twelve pound range.
Cusk eels (family Ophidiidae) bear a resemblance to true eels
and to eelpount fishes (family Zoarcidae). These are basically small
(commonlly about one-foot long at maturity), burrowing-type marine
animals, but they can attain lengths to'approximately five feet. They
are generally caught in bottom-trawls, as were the samples collected
during this monitoring program.
Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is an important commercial
species from the cod family of fishes. It is commonly caught at depths
ranging from 150 to 450 feet where it feeds primarily on bottom-
dwelling invertebrates. Average catch sizes are one to two feet and
one to five pounds. Some seasonal migration occurs northward in the
spring and to the south during the fall.
Pollock/Boston Blackfish (Pollachius virens) is another
member of the cod fish family. It feeds more in surface waters than
does the Atlantic Cod or Haddock, but not exclusively. Typical catch
sizes are one to two feet, four to fifteen
pounds. It is a popular sport fishery catch.
Red Hake (Urophycis chuss) is an important commercial,
bottom-feeding fish that is generally caught by line-trawl fishing at
night. It ranges from the shallower waters to depths of 1,800 feet,
feeding on shrimps, amphipods, squids and other fish. Spawning usually
occurs in the Massachusetts Bay area during June and July. Normal
catch sizes are two to five pounds.
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Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) is a very
common, right-eyed, shallow-water flounder ranging to depths of 400
feet. They generally move in groups, searching for food, from deeper
to shallower waters during the fall and offshore in spring, but do not
usually migrate very far from spawning areas. Average sizes are one to
one and one-half feet, and one to two pounds.
2.2 Samples Collected from Atlantic City
Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) is a benthic fish,
normally found at depths from 250 to 1,000 feet in outer continental
shelf and upper continental slope waters. It is primarily a sport
fishery catch, that is especially fished for in the Hudson Canyon area
by New York and New Jersey party boats. These fish can attain sizes to
about fifty pounds, although the average catch is approximately three
feet long and weighs about thirty pounds. They feed on invertebrates
and smaller fish.
Conger eels (Conger oceanicus) are true eels that range in
size from four to six feet and are commonly found in the shallower
depths on the continental shelf from Cape Cod to North Carolina.
2.3 Samples Collected from San Francisco
Dover Sole (Microstomus pacif icus) is a very common, benthic
fish in the waters off central California. They are an important
commercial catch. These right-eyed flounders are normally caught by
trawling the bottom at depths between 100 and 3,000 feet. Some
specimens attain lengths of two and one-half feet, weighing ten pounds.
They feed upon brittle stars, molluscs, polychaetes and crustaceans.
Short migrations along the coastline are common; but there are no
indications of extensive seasonal inshore/offshore migrations.
Lingcods (Ophiodon elongatus) are bottom-feeders fished
by commercial and sport fishermen. They are found at depths to
approximately 400 feet. Commercial catches frequently range up to fifty
and sixty pound sizes, sometimes to seventy pounds. Common catches are
about three feet and thirty pounds.
Pacific Hake/Butterfish (Herluceius productus) is very
abundant in sport and commercial fish catches. They are generally
larger (sizes to three feet are common) than the Atlantic Ocean cod
family of fishes and are commonly found in the waters off central
California to depths of 3,000 feet. They normally feed on smaller
fishes and squids.
Pacific Red Snapper (Sebastes sp.) is a bottom-dwelling,
invertebrate and fish-eating member of the Scorpaenidae (Rockfish)
family that attains lengths to about two feet. They are commonly
found to depths of approximately 600 feet, and sought after by sport
and commercial fishermen.
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Sablefish/Black Cod (Anoplopoma fimbria) is an important
commercial catch in central California waters to approximately 600 feet
deep. Commonly about three feet in length when caught, they feed on
various fishes, crustaceans and tunicates. They are often consumed as
a smoked delicacy.
Thornyhead/Hard Head (Sebastolobus sp.) is another ery
important commercial catch in central California waters. Primarily
benthic, they feed upon crustaceans and other fishes. The short-spined
species (Sebastolobus alascanus) is common at depths from approximately
100 to over 5,000 feet. Common lengths are approximately two and
one-half feet. The long-spined species (Sebastolobus altivelis) is not
commonly harvested, as most catches are at depths between 1,000 and
5,000 feet. Common sizes are one to one and one-half feet.
All thirty-seven samples were forwarded to the FDA's Winchester
Engineering and Analytical Center (WEAC) in Massachusetts, where a
twenty-pound blended homogenate was prepared from the edible portion of
each sample. One-half of this homogenate was retained by WEAC; the
other half was sent to the EPA Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF) in Alabama. Thus, independent radionuclide analyses were
performed on each half of the prepared samples.
The information in Tables 2, 3, and 4 shows when and approximately
where each sample was collected. Sample identification numbers used by
each radiation laboratory are also listed.
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TABLE 2. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED BY FDA
FROM BOSTON FISHERMEN
DATE
1981
2 September
2 September
10 September
10 September
21 September
21 September
1982
10 June
13 September
13 September
2 November
2 November
2 November
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-254-306
81-254-307
81-254-308
81-254-309
81-254-310
81-254-311
82-255-511
82-255-892
82-255-893
83-255-842
83-255-843
83-255-844
SAMPLE
COLLECTED
Winter Flounder
Atlantic Cod
Red Hake
Cusk eel
Winter Flounder
Atlantic Cod
Winter Flounder
Red Hake
Atlantic Cod
Haddock
Atlantic Cod
Pollock
(Boston Blackfish)
(Scientific
Name)
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Gadus morhua
Urophycis chuss
family Ophidiidae
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Gadus morhua
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Urophycis chuss
Gadus morhua
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Gadus morhua
Pollachius virens
APPROX. APPROX.
COLLECTION DISTANCE*
DEPTH (ft.) FROM DISPOSAL
SITE (run)
300
DNP
165
450
DNP
DNP
BC
180
180
190
190
190
EERF samples 15991 and 15992 are splits of FDA/rtEAC sample 81-254-306.
EERF samples 15993 and 15994 are splits of FDA/WEAC sample 81-254-307.
DNP = Collection depth not provided.
BC = Bottom Catch - depth not provided.
* = Distance from central coordinates (42° 25'N, 70° 35'W) of disposal site.
(SE) = Direction from disposal site coordinates. Direction not provided for other
12
14
18
13
13
13
13 (SE)
15
15
15
15
15
samples .
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
15991/15992
15993/15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26961
26962
26963
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TABLE 3. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED BY FDA
FROM ATLANTIC CITY FISHERMEN
DAfE
1981
3 September
13 September
24 September
24 September
30 September
7 October
1982
3 April
3 April
2 May
7 May
10 May
10 May
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-311-205
81-311-206
81-274-181
81-274-182
81-311-281
81-311-284
82-311-381
82-311-382
82-311-300
82-311-383
82-311-384
82-311-385
SAMPLE
COLLECTED
Tilef ish
Conger eel
Conger eel
Tilefish
Tilef ish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
* = instance from Central Coordinates of nearest
SITE COORD INATES
APPROX.
(Scientific COLLECTION
Name) DEPTH (ft.)
Lopholatilus
chamaeleonticeps
Conger oceanicus
Conger oceanicus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
Lopholatilus
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleon t iceps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamae leon t iceps
chamaeleonticeps
chamae leont iceps
500
500
460
460
510
540
720
780
720
450
520
420
APPROX.
DISTANCE* EERF
FROM DISPOSAL SAMPLE
SITE (ran) NUMBER
53
53
56
56
72
55
104
87
104
59
55
55
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23036
23033
23034
23035
disposal site.
2800m Site (approximately 140nm SE of Sandy Hook, NJ) 38° 30'N, 72° 06'W.
3800m Site (approximately 220nm SE of Sandy Hook, NJ) 37° 50'N, 70° 35'W.
-------
TABLE 4. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED BY FDA
FROM SAN FRANCISCO FISHERMEN
DATE
1981
6 October
7 October
7 'October
16 October
12 November
12 November
12 November
1982
26 May
26 May
27 May
27 May
27 May
27 May
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
82-247-356
82-345-697
82-345-698
82-247-357
82-180-258
82-247-983
82-247-984
82-247-995
82-247-996
82-247-991
82-247-992
82-247-993
82-247-994
SAMPLE
COLLECTED
Dover Sole
Thornyhead
(Hard Head)
Pacific Hake
(Butterfish)
Sablef ish
(Black Cod)
Lingcod
Sablef ish
(Black Cod)
Thornyhead
(Hard Head)
Pacific Red Snapper
Lingcod
Lingcod
Sablef ish
(Black Cod)
Pacific Red Snapper
Sablefish
(Black Cod)
(Scientific
Name)
Microstomus pacificus
Sebastolobus sp.
Merluccius productus
Anoplopoma fimbria
Ophiodon elongatus
Anoplopoma fimbria
Sebastolobus sp.
Sebastes sp.
Ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus
Anoplopoma fimbria
Sebastes sp.
Anoplopoma fimbria
APPROX.
COLLECTION
DEPTH (ft.)
1,800
1,500
1,500
720
375
1,600
1,600
480
480
DNP
DNP
DNP
480
APPROX.
DISTANCE*
FROM DISPOSAL
SITE (run)
20 (NW)
8 (NW)
8 (NW)
20 (NW)
6 (NE)
20 (SW)
20 (SW)
7 (S)
7 (S)
15 (N)
15 (N)
15 (N)
7 (S)
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
17639
17537
17638
17640/17640x
18620/18620x
18621
18622
23041
23042
23037
23038
23039
23040
DNP = Collection depth not provided.
* = Distance (and direction) from Central Coordinates (37° 38'N, 123° 08'W) of disposal site located WSW
of San Francisco, California.
EERF samples 17640 and 17640x are splits of FDA/WEAC sample 82-247-357.
EERF samples 18620 and 18620x are splits of FDA/WEAC sample 82-180-258.
-------
III. MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD ANALYSES
3.1 Analytical Procedures
The WEAC retained one-half (ten pounds) of the blended
homogenate prepared from the edible fish portion of each seafood sample
collected by the three FDA districts. WEAC analyzed each sample for
gross gamma activity, cesium-137, iodine-131, barium-140, and
strontium-90. Six of the twelve samples received from each FDA district
were also analyzed for plutonium-239. The analytical methods used are
described in references to this report (BARATTA, 1969 and 1977) and (PHS,
1967). These well-established, analytical methods have been routinely
used by WEAC for several thousand samples in the FDA Radionuclides in
Foods Compliance Program. WEAC detection limits are 10.0 pCi/kg for
cesium-137, iodine-131 and barium-140; 2.0 pCi/kg for strontium-90T and
0.1 pCi/kg for plutonium-239. The FDA routinely reports an analysis as
non-detectable when the two-sigma error is greater than the measured
value of activity.
The EERF received a ten-pound portion of the blended homogenate
from WEAC for each of the samples collected during this Marketplace
Seafood Sampling and Analysis Program. All samples were analyzed for
gross gamma, alpha and beta activity. In addition, individual analyses
were conducted for the following radionuclides: plutonium-238,
plutonium-239, strontium-90, lead-210, polonium-210, radium-226,
thorium-227, thorium-228, thorium-230, thorium-232, uranium-234,
uranium-235 and uranium-238. Standard sample preparation and specific
analytical procedures were used by EERF (LIEBERMAN, 1984). Measured
values were reported on a wet-weight basis.
NOTE: The minimum detectable level (MDL) used by EERF is
defined as the minimum value of environmental radioactivity that may be
confidently detected, and its reliability is less than a five percent
chance for errors of the first kind (determining that activity is present
when it is not) and of the second kind (failing to determine that
activity is present when it is). The MDL estimates the minimum activity
that will yield a large enough signal to enable analysts to confidently
state that something other than ambient variations were detected. At
EERF, the MDL is typically and predominately due to the instrumental
counting error and is set equal to the two-sigma counting error for
specific analyses. The MDL is in no way used to adjust measurement
values. Table 5 provides the EERF MDL for each radionuclide identified
in the seafood samples collected during this Marketplace Seafood Sampling
and Analysis Program
13
-------
TABLE 5. RADIONUCLIDES IDENTIFIED BY EERF IN SAMPLES FROM THE EPA/FDA
MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD MONITORING PROGRAM
RADIONUCLIDES
Gamma Scan*
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
Bi-214
Pb-214
Th-227
Po-210
Th-228
Pb-210
Sr-90
Cs-137
Pu-238
Ra-226 1
Pu-239 24
Th-230 8.
U-234 2.
U-235 7.
K-40 1.
U-238 4.
Th-232 1.
HALF-LIFE
NA
NA
NA
19 . 7 minutes
26 . 8 minutes
18 . 2 days
138.4 days
1.9 years
20.4 years
27.7 years
30.0 years
86.4 years
,602.0 years
,390.0 years
00 x 104 years
47 x 10^ years
10 x 108 years
26 x 109 years
51 x 109 years
41 x 1010 years
DETECTION
PROCEDURE USED
§
#
fl
§
§
#
#
#
fl
fl
§
#
#
#
#
#
#
§
#
#
MDL
pciAg
NA
200
100
25
25
1.5
100
1.5
200
20
25
1.5
10
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
25
1.5
1.5
OCCURRENCE
MAN-MADE NATURAL
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
*The computer program used by EERF for gamma scan analysis can identify
more than 500 radionuclides. Only those radionuclides observed in the
samples from this study are included here.
§ = gamma
# = alpha
fl = beta
MDL = minimum detectable level
pCi/kg = picocuries per kilogram
NA = Not applicable
14
-------
3.2 Analytical Results
A complete listing of radionuclide analytical data is presented
in the Appendix to this report for all samples received by EERF during
the Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program. Appendices A, B, and C
contain the data for those samples collected by the FDA from Boston,
Atlantic City and San Francisco, respectively. The EERF data includes
specific analyses for indicated radionuclides, as well as gross alpha and
gross beta activity. Data are presented for both natural and man-made
radionuclides. The discussion of analytical results in Section IV is,
however, limited to the activity levels observed for man-made
radionuclides measured in the seafoods collected during this monitoring
program, because the purpose of the study was to determine potential
effects from ocean disposal of man-made radionuclides associated with
LLW. The natural radionuclide data are presented for information only.
A careful examination of the data in the Appendices shows that
many of the specific analyses performed by EERF are reported at levels
below the MDL's listed in Table 5. This is in keeping with guidelines
established by the EERF quality assurance program to provide both
accurate and usable environmental radiation data, and to allow for
statistical evaluation of the analytical results. Thus, except for gamma
spectrometry data, all EERF radionuclide analytical results are reported
as the counting results indicate, whether the numbers are negative, zero,
positive, above or below the MDL. When analyzing for specific
radionuclides in environmental samples, activity levels are frequently
found to be close to zero. When the actual concentration of a
radionuclide in a sample is determined to be zero, the net counting
statistics should statistically show a distribution of negative and
positive numbers about zero. This occurs when background detection
counts are subtracted from a sample that only contains very low levels of
radiation, resulting in the observation of negative number or zero values
by the analyst. Reporting data in this format allows all the data to be
presented and evaluated statistically without an arbitrary cutoff of
small or negative numbers. This reporting approach facilitates estimates
of bias in the nuclide analyses and allows for better evaluation of
distribution and trends in environmental data. Thus, when reviewing the
data presented in this report, caution should be exercised in the
interpretation of individual negative or zero values. Obviously a
negative value has no individual significance, but such numbers are
significant when examined together with other observations of
radionuclide concentrations indicating that the real distribution of
values is near zero. Accordingly, activity values for the radionuclides
analyzed by EERF during the Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program are
presented as follows:
Gross Alpha and Beta Analyses — Data are reported in
Appendices A, B and C as actual values of gross radioactivity. When
measured concentrations are below the MDL for these analyses, at the
2-sigma confidence level, the MDL is reported.
15
-------
Specific Analyses — Activity levels are reported in
the Tables and Appendices as negative, zero or positive numbers (except
for gamma spectrum analyses which are essentially qualitative rather than
quantitative measurements). Numerical values account for radioactive
decay subsequent to the sample collection date. Activity levels that are
below the MDL represent background counting data and the activity is
reported less confidently than for those levels of activity that are
equal to or greater than the MDL, as can be seen when comparing the
2-sigma counting error to the reported activity.
Error Terms — Are provided for each analysis and
refer to the counting term error at the 2-sigma (95 %) confidence level.
Thus, error terms are reported as counting errors.
Tables 6, 7A-C, and 8A-C summarize the EERF man-made
radionuclide analytical results that are contained in the Appendices.
Tables 9, 10, and 11 provide the results for WEAC radionuclide analyses.
A generalized comparison between the EERF and WEAC analytical results can
be made by referring to the data in Tables 6, 7A-C, 8A-C, 9, 10 and 11,
which also contain cross-referenced sample numbers.
An actual comparison of specific numerical results from the
EERF and WEAC radionuclide analyses is not routinely possible, however.
This is primarily due to the distinct differences in the sensitivity
levels (MDLs) that exists between each laboratory for analyzing the
same radionuclides in samples. At EERF, for example, the MDL for
cesium-137 is 25 pCi/kg, 1.5 pCi/kg for plutonium-239 and 20 pCi/kg
for strontium-90. At WEAC the MDLs are: 10 pCi/kg for cesium-137,
0.1 pCi/kg for plutonium-239 and 2 pCi/kg for strontium-90. These
differences in sensitivity of analysis result in opposite approaches
to the reporting of data by EERF and WEAC, as follows:
o EERF provided numerical results for every
plutonium-239 and strontium-90 analysis, whether or not the activity
level for that radionuclide in the sample was below, equal to or above
the stated MDL. Thus, the EERF data includes negative, zero and positive
activity levels as explained in the preceeding pages of this report.
EERF also reported positive cesium-137 activity levels (below, equal to
or above the MDL) obtained from gamma spectroscopy analyses of the
samples. No analytical results were reported by EERF when the gamma
analysis did not detect Cs-137, or other gamma nuclides, as can be seen
by reviewing the Appendices.
o WEAC, in reporting its data, provided numerical
analytical results only when the activity level of a radionuclide in a
sample exceeded (was above) the MDL. Thus, in comparing data, note that
most of the WEAC analyses for cesium-137, and those that were actually
performed for plutonium-239 and strontium-90, are reported here as "ND"
(not detected) values. Note also that WEAC did not analyze for Pu-239
and/or Sr-90 in twenty-eight of the thirty-seven samples collected.
16
-------
TABLE 6. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS ("'-) FOR CESIUM-137
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
15993
15994(3)
16843
26959
26960
26962
26963
17633
23031
23035
23036
18620
18621
18622
23038
23040
BIOTA ANALYZED
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua
Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua
Cusk eel, Ophidiidae
Red Hake, Urophycis chuss
Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua
Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua
Pollock (Boston Blackf ish) ,
Pollachius virens
Conger eel, Conger oceanicus
Tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus
Sablefish (Blackcod) , Anoplopoma fimbria
Thornyhead, Sebastolobus sp.
Sablefish (Blackcod) , Anoplopoma fimbria
Sablefish (Blackcod) , Anoplopoma fimbria
ACTIVITY
pCiAg
WET W3T.
17
13
31 (2)
14
25 (2)
5
15
14
10
17
16
7
7
12
10
9
+ 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
L3
9
11
10
14
3
11
10
8
13
11
2
2
2
9
8
MARKETPIACE
SAMPLING
LOCATION
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
Atlantic City
San Francisco
San Francisco
San Francisco
San Francisco
San Francisco
WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-254-307
31-254-307
81-254-309
82-255-892
82-255-893
83-255-843
83-255-844
81-274-181
82-311-381
82-311-385
82-311-300
82-180-258
82-247-983
82-247-984
82-247-992
82-247-994
(1) Data shows only those 16 positive values detected from the gamma spectroscopy analysis for cesium-137.
A total of 41 samples were analyzed. Samples yielding non-detectable results are not listed in this table.
(2) Detection level is above or equal to the EERF minimum detectable level (25 pCi/kg)
(3) EERF samples 15993/15994 are splits of WEAC sample 81-254-307
-------
TABLE 7A. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PLUTONIUM-238 AND
PLUTONIUM-239 (BOSTON MARKETPLACE SAMPLED)
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26961
26962
26963
BIOTA ANALYZED
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Red Hake
Urophycis chuss
Cask Eel
family Ophidiidae
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Red Hake
Urophycis chuss
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Pollock (Boston Blackfish)
Pollachius virens
Pu-238
ACTIVITY
(pCiAg wet wgt.)
0.07
0.3
-o.oid)
0.08
o.od)
0.6
1.7*
0.8
0.06
0.3
0.02
0.1
0.3
0.2
+ 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR (
0.2
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Pu-239
ACTIVITY
;pCi/kg wet wgt.)
0.03
0.1
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.08
0.5
-0.3(D
-0.02(D
0.1
0.005
0.02
-0.04(D
0.2
+ 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0.07
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.09
0.2
1.0
0.3
0.09
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.1
FDA/WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-254-306(2)
81-254-306(2)
PI 9^4 ^m (3)
81-254-307(3)
81-254-308
on oc^ oriQ
81-254-310
81-254-311
82-255-511
82-255-892
00 9C.C QQO
83-255-842
oo occ QA7
83-255-844
(1) See pages 15 and 16 Eor discussion of negative/zero activity values.
(2) EERF samples 15991/15992 are splits of WEAC sample 81-254-306
(3) EERF samples 15993/15994 are splits of WEAC sample 81-254-307
* Activity reported is greater than EERF MDL (1.5 pCi/kg)
-------
TABLE IE. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FDR PLOTONIUM-238 AND
PLUTONIUM-239 (ATLANTIC CITY MARKETPLACE
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
BIOTA ANALYZED
Pu-238
ACTIVITY
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES (pCiAg wet wgt.)
Tilef ish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Conger eel
Conger ocean icus
Conger eel
Conger oceanicus
Tilef ish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleonticeDs
chamaeleonticeps
chamaeleon t iceps
0
0
-0
-0
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.od)
.08(D
.3d)
.2(D
.3
.03
.06
.2
.08
.03
.2
+ 2
SAMPLES)
SIGMA Pu-239
COUNTING ACTIVITY-
ERROR (pCi/kg wet wgt.)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.0
.4
.4
.4
.4
.05
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
-0
-0
-0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
-0
.03(D
.02(D
.04(D
.04
.04(D
.2
,o(D
.04
.06
.02(D
.02
.008(D
+
2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.2
.0
.08
.07
.08
.04
.06
WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-311-205
Q1 "51 1 9H£
O-L J-L_L ZUO
81-274-181
81-274-182
pi on T ooi
PI T1 1 9f!4
09 on n ")Q1
o£ j-Lo. joJ_
82-311-382
82-311-383
82-311-384
82-311-385
82-311-300
(1) See pages 15 and 16 for discussion of negative/zero activity values.
-------
TABLE 1C. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PLUTONIUM-238 AND
PLUTONIUM- 239 (SAN FRANCISCO
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
17637
17638
17639
17640
17640X
18620
18620X
18621
18622
23037
23038
23039
23040
23041
23042
BIOTA ANALYZED
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Thornyhead (Hard Head)
Sebastolobus sp.
Pacific Hake (Butterfish)
Merluccius productus
Dover Sole
Microstomus pacificus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Thornyhead (Hard Head)
Sebastolobus sp.
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Pacific Red Snapper
Sebastes sp.
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Pacific Red Snapper
Sebastes sp.
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Pu-238
ACTIVITY
(pCiAg wet wgt.)
o.od)
8.2*
-0.04(1)
-1.7(D
o.od)
0.1
o.od)
0.1
0.2
-o.id)
0.2
0.1
-0.04(D
o.od)
0.09
MARKETPLACE SAMPLES)
+ 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0.2
10.8
0.3
17.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
Pu-239
ACTIVITY
(pCi/kg wet wgt.)
0.03
-1.2(D
0.08
-13.7(D
o.od)
-o.id)
-O.OSd)
0.06
o.od)
o.od)
o.od)
o.od)
0.06
o.od)
0.03
+ 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0.07
2.3
0.1
11.0
0.0
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.07
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.07
0.08
0.04
WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
82-345-697
82-345-698
82-247-356
Q9 9A7 7c:'7 ( 2)
82-247-357(2)
R9 1 RO 9^8 ( 3)
82-180-258(3)
82-247-983
P9 9/17 QQA
82-247-991
P9 9A"7 QQ9
09 9A7 QQ7
82-247-994
09 TAT QQ^
82-247-996
(1) See pages 15 and 16 for discussion of negative/zero activity values.
(2) EERF samples 17640/17640X are splits of WEAC sample 82-247-357.
(3) EERF samples 18620/18620X are splits of WEAC sample 82-180-258.
* Activity reported is greater than EERF MDL (1.5 pCi/kg)
-------
TABLE 8A. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR STRONTIUM-90
(BOSTON MARKETPLACE SAMPLES)
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26961
26962
26963
BIOTA ANALYZED
Sr-90
ACTIVITY
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES (pCi/kg wet wgt.
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes artier icanus
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes amer icanus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus rnorhua
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Red Hake
Urophycis chuss
Cusk Eel
family Ophidiidae
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus rnorhua
Winter Flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Red Hake
Urophycis chuss
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Pollock (Boston Blackfish)
Pollachius virens
0.4
0.3
2.6
-0.2(D
-0.3(D
0.2
0.2
-0.2(D
-2.1(D
-i.od)
-0.6(D
-i.od)
-i.od)
1.0
± 2 SIGMA WEAC
COUNTING SAMPLE
) ERROR NUMBER
1.3
0.3
6.0
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.9
L.2
1.3
1.8
81-254-306(2)
81-254-306(2)
81-254-307(3)
81-254-307(3)
81-254-308
81-254-309
81-254-310
81-254-311
82-255-511
82-255-892
82-255-893
07 ORcr 047
83-255-843
83-255-844
(2) EERF samples 15991/15992 are splits of WEAC sample 81-254-306
(3) EERF samples 15993/15994 are splits of WEAC sample 81-254-307
21
-------
TABLE 8B. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR STRONTIUM-90
(ATLANTIC CITY MARKETPLACE SAMPLES)
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
BIOTA ANALYZED
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Conger eel
Conger oceanicus
Conger eel
Conger oceanicus
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Sr-90
ACTIVITY
(pCi/kg wet wgt.)
0.5
1.0
-0.4(D
0.1
-20.0(1)
-0.9(D
0.7
-0.4(D
-0.2(D
-0.5(D
0.1
0.7
± 2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0.8
1.2
0.5
0.1
27.2
1.4
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.0
WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-311-205
81-311-206
81-274-181
81-274-182
81-311-281
81-311-284
82-311-381
82-311-382
82-311-383
82-311-384
82-311-385
82-311-300
Jl)See pages 15 and 16 for discussion of negative/zero activity values.
22
-------
TABLE 8C. EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR STRONTIUM-90
(SAN FRANCISCO MARKETPLACE SAMPLES)
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
17637
17638
17639
17640
17640X
18620
18620X
18621
18622
23037
23038
23039
23040
23041
23042
BIOTA ANALYZED
COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Thornyhead (Hard Head)
Sebastolobus sp.
Pacific Hake (Butterfish)
Merluccius productus
Dover Sole
Microstomus pacificus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Lingcod
Ophiodon e long at us
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Thornyhead (Hard Head)
Sebastolobus sp.
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Pacific Red Snapper
Sebastes sp.
Sablefish (Black Cod)
Anoplopoma fimbria
Pacific Red Snapper
Sebastes sp.
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Sr-90 ±
ACTIVITY
(pCi/kg wet wgt.)
o.od)
-5.0(D
-0.03(D
-40.0(1)
o.od)
0.6
0.1
o.od)
o.od)
0.7
0.1
0.1
o.od)
0.3
0.2
2 SIGMA
COUNTING
ERROR
0.0
15.0
1.0
151.2
0.0
2.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.4
1.7
1.9
2.3
2.1
WEAC
SAMPLE
NUMBER
82-345-697
82-345-698
82-247-356
82-247-357(2)
82-247-357(2)
82-180-258(3)
82-180-258(3)
82-247-983
82-247-984
82-247-991
82-247-992
82-247-993
82-247-994
82-247-995
82-247-996
I J_ I OtrtT LJC*M"Q J I C41 1V_4 -LW 1_V_/J_ V_4 J_ ,_^_.«_4UU -i-V-^l 1 -^.L. i AV^^i-* V-.J. V v_/ «jv— J- vj. v^.vj- >- -^ . — —j '
(2) EERF samples 17640/17640X are splits of WEAC sample 82-247-357.
(3) EERF samples 18620/18620X are splits of WEAC sample 82-180-258.
23
-------
TABLE 9. WEAC ANALYTICAL RESULTS(^ FOR SEAFOOD
SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM BOSTON
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-254-306
81-254-307
81-254-308
81-254-309
81-254-310
81-254-311
82-255-511
82-255-892
82-255-893
83-255-842
83-255-843
83-255-844
Cs-137(2) Pu-239(3)
ND ND
18+10 *
45+10 *
ND ND
13+10 *
ND ND
ND ND
ND *
17 + 10 ND
ND ND
12+10 *
ND *
Sr-90(4) Ba-140 I
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
-131
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
15991/15992
15993/15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26961.
26962
26963
(1) Units are pCi/kg.
ND = Not Detected
* = No Analysis Performed
(2) See Table 6 for comparable EERF Cs-137 Analytical Results.
(3) See Table 7A for comparable EERF Pu-239 Analytical Results.
(4) See Table 8A for comparable EERF Sr-90 Analytical Results.
WEAC DETECTION
LIMITS
10.0 pCi/kg. for Cs-137, Ba-140, 1-131
2.0 pCi/kg. for Sr-90
0.1 pCi/kg. for Pu-239
24
-------
TABLE 10. WEAC ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR SEAFOOD
SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM ATLANTIC CITY
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
81-311-205
81-311-206
81-274-181
81-274-182
81-311-281
81-311-284
82-311-300
82-311-381
82-311-382
83-311-383
83-311-384
83-311-385
Cs-137 (1) Pu-239 (2)
ND *
ND ND
ND *
ND ND
ND ND
ND *
ND ND
ND ND
ND *
ND ND
ND *
ND ND
Sr-90 (3) Ba-140 1-131
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
* ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23036
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
ND = Not Detected
* = No Analysis Performed
(1) See Table
(2) See Table
(3) See Table
WEAC DETECTION
6 for comparable EERF Cs-137 Analytical Results.
7B for comparable EERF Pu-239 Analytical Results.
8B for comparable EERF Sr-90 Analytical Results.
LIMITS
10.0 pCi/kg. for Cs-137, Ba-140, 1-131
2.0 pCi/kg. for Sr-90
0.1 pCi/kg. for Pu-239
25
-------
TABLE 11. WEAC ANALYTICAL RESULTS(1) FOR SEAFOOD
SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM SAN FRANCISCO
WEAC SAMPLE
NUMBER
82-247-356
82-247-357
82-180-258
82-247-983
82-247-984
82-345-697
82-345-698
82-247-991
82-247-992
82-247-993
82-247-994
82-247-995
82-247-996
Cs-137(2) Pu-239(3)
ND ND
15+10 *
23+10 ND
17+10 *
ND *
ND *
ND ND
21 + 10 ND
ND ND
30+10 ND
ND *
28+10 *
21+10 *
Sr-90(4) Ba-140 1-131
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
*
*
*
*
*
*
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
EERF
SAMPLE
NUMBER
17639
17640/17640X
18620/18620X
18621
18622
17637
17638
23037
23038
23039
23040
23041
23042
(1) Units are pCi/kg.
ND = Not Detected
* = No Analysis Performed
(2) See Table 6 for comparable EERF Cs-137
(3) See Table 7C for comparable EERF Pu-239
(4) See Table 8C for comparable EERF Sr-90
WEAC DETECTION
LIMITS
Analytical Results.
Analytical Results,
Analytical Results.
10.0 pCi/kg. for Cs-137, Ba-140, 1-131
2.0 pCi/kg. for Sr-90
0.1 pCi/kg. for Pu-239
26
-------
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1 Discussion of Analytical Results
A total of thirty-seven seafood samples were collected during
the 1981-1982 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food & Drug
Administration (FDA) Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program. The FDA
Winchester Analytical and Engineering Center (WEAC) prepared a
twenty-pound blended homogenate from the edible portions of each seafood
sample collected by the FDA from Atlantic City, Boston and San Francisco
fishermen. Each sample consisted of a sufficient number of seafood
samples to prepare the twenty-pound homogenate. One-half of the blended
homogenate sample was retained by the WEAC; the other half was shipped,
frozen, to the EPA Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF). The
WEAC analyzed all thirty-seven of its homogenate samples for cesium-137,
barium-140, and iodine-131. Nineteen of the samples were also analyzed
for plutonium-239 and strontium-90. The EERF, having split four of the
homogenates obtained from the WEAC, completed forty-one analyses each for
cesium-137, plutonium-238, plutonium-239, and strontium-90. In addition,
the EERF also completed forty-one analyses for each of the natural
radionuclides identified in the Appendices. Tables 6-11, in Section III
of this report, list the results from the EERF analyses for man-made
radionuclides, and all of the analyses completed by the WEAC. Tables 12
and 13, in this Section, provide a summary of the data presented in
Tables 6-11.
Table 12 pertains only to the data from Tables 6, 7A-C, and
8A-C. The results from the EERF for cesium, plutonium, and strontium are
grouped into activity-level categories. It is noteworthy that only four
of the 164 analyses (less than 2.5%) yielded results equal to or
exceeding the EERF minimum detectable levels (MDL); two each for
cesium-137 and plutonium-238. All analyses for plutonium-239 and
strontium-90 provided results less than MDL.
As shown in Table 12, the EERF detected cesium-137 at a level
equal to or greater than MDL (25 pCi/kg wet weight) in only two of
forty-one analyses. Both were from samples collected from Boston
fishermen. In Table 6 the cesium-137 activity in a Cusk eel sample is
reported as 31 (+ 11) pCi/kg, exceeding the MDL. In an Atlantic cod
sample the activity reported is 25 (+ 14) pCi/kg, equalling the MDL.
One could add the error-range to the reported activity levels and obtain
a maximum possible activity for each sample, which would be 42 and 39
pCi/kg respectively. This worst case approach to reporting data would
put the activity levels from these two samples in or below the lower
portion of the range (40 to 80 pCi/kg wet weight) for cesium-137 in
marine fishes from all oceans (IAEA, 1976). Specific analytical data
for cesium-137 in Atlantic ocean fishes, collected in deeper waters
(2100 meters), shows activity levels ranging to a maximum of 34 pCi/kg
wet weight (NEA, 1983).
27
-------
TABLE 12. EERF DATA SUMMARY, NUMBER OF ANALYSES
FOR MAN-MADE RADIONUCLIDES BY
ACTIVITY LEVEL CATEGORIES
BOSTON SAMPLES
(56 Analyses)
No Activity Detected
Negative Activity Value
Zero Activity Value
Positive Activity,
less than MDL
Positive Activity,
equal to MDL
Postive Activity,
greater than MDL
ATLANTIC CITY SAMPLES
(48 Analyses)
No Activity Detected
Negative Activity Value
Zero Activity Value
Positive Activity,
less than MDL
Positive Activity,
equal to MDL
Positive Activity,
greater than MDL
Cs-137
7
0
0
5
1
1
Cs-137
8
0
0
4
0
0
Pu-238
0
1
1
11
0
1
Pu-238
0
3
1
8
0
0
Pu-239
0
3
0
11
0
0
Pu-239
0
6
1
5
0
0
Sr-90
0
8
0
6
0
0
Sr-90
0
6
0
6
0
0
TOTAL
7
12
1
33
1
2
56
TOTAL
8
15
2
23
0
0
48
28
-------
TABLE 12. EERF DATA SUMMARY, NUMBER OF ANALYSES
FOR MAN-MADE RADIONUCLIDES BY
ACTIVITY LEVEL CATEGORIES
(Continued)
SAN FRANCISCO SAMPLES
(60 Analyses)
No Activity Detected
Negative Activity Value
Zero Activity Value
Positive Activity,
less than MDL
Positive Activity,
equal to MDL
Postive Activity,
greater than MDL
ALL SAMPLES
(164 Analyses)
No Activity Detected
Negative Activity Value
Zero Activity Value
Positive Activity,
less than MDL
Positive Activity,
equal to MDL
Positive Activity,
greater than MDL
Cs-137 Pu-238 Pu-239 Sr-90
TOTAL
10
0
0
5
0
0
Cs-137
25
0
0
14
1
1
0
4
4
6
0
1
Pu-238
0
8
6
25
0
2
0
4
6
5
0
0
Pu-239
0
13
7
21
0
0
0
3
5
7
0
0
Sr-90
0
17
5
19
0
0
10
11
15
23
0
1
60
TOTAL
25
38
18
79
1
3
164
NOTES TO TABLE
EERF MDL for Cs-137
EERF MDL for Pu-238
EERF MDL for Pu-239
EERF MDL for Sr-90
25 pCi/kg.
1.5 pCi/kg.
1.5 pCi/kg.
20 pCi/kg.
29
-------
TABLE 13. WEAC DATA SUMMARY, NUMBER OF ANALYSES
FOR RADIONUCLIDES U) BY ACTIVITY
LEVEL CATEGORIES
BOSTON SAMPLES (36)
No Analysis Performed
Activity less than
dectectable limit
Activity equal to
dectectable limit
Activity greater than
detectable limit
ATLANTIC CITY SAMPLES (36)
No Analysis Performed
Activity less than
dectectable limit
Activity equal to
dectectable limit
Activity greater than
dectectable limit
SAN FRANCISCO SAMPLES (39)
No Analysis Performed
Activity less than
dectectable limit
Activity equal to
dectectable limit
Activity greater than
dectectable limit
Cs-137
0
7
0
5
Cs-137
0
12
0
0
Cs-137
0
6
0
7
Pu-239
6
6
0
0
Pu-239
5
7
0
0
Pu-239
7
6
0
0
Sr-90
6
6
0
0
Sr-90
6
6
0
0
Sr-90
6
7
0
0
TOTAL
12
19
0
5
36
TOTAL
11
25
0
0
36
TOTAL
13
19
0
7
39
30
-------
TABLE 13. WEAC DATA SUMMARY, NUMBER OF ANALYSES
FOR RADIONUCLIDES (1) BY ACTIVITY
LEVEL CATEGORIES (Continued)
ALL SAMPLES (111) Cs-137 Pu-239 Sr-90 TOTAL
No Analysis Performed 0 18 18 36
Activity less than 25 19 19 63
dectectable limit
Activity equal to 0000
dectectable limit
Activity greater than 12 0 0 12
dectectable limit
111
(1) Data presented here includes only those nuclides comparable to EERF
analytical data. Sixty-one WEAC Analyses were performed for both Ba-140
and 1-131 but are not included in this Table since all yielded
non-detectable results.
WEAC Detection
CS-137 =10.0 pCi/kg.
Pu-239 = 0.1 pCi/kg.
Sr-90 = 2.0 pCi/kg.
31
-------
When comparing the analytical results from these two Boston
samples to Atlantic ocean data only, their reported cesium-137 activites
fall into the upper portion of the range given by NEA. Using the worst
case data reporting approach in this instance would find the activity
from the two Boston samples exceeding the ranges for cesium-137 reported
by the NEA. It is important to note here, however, that the above
comparisons of the Boston samples to the IAEA and NEA data are made for
analyses between different fish species samples collected from disparate
environmental regimes. Furthermore, the sample preparations for
radionuclide analyses are not analagous. The IAEA and NEA data sets
pertain to analyses of eviscerated whole fish, muscle and viscera
samples. In this study the EERF analyses were performed on blended
homogenates of the edible portions of seafoods collected. The levels of
cesium-137 found in these two Boston samples from the EPA/FDA study do,
however, appear to be reasonably consistent with the baseline data
available.
Table 12 also shows that the EERF detected plutonium-238 at
a level exceeding the MDL (1.5 pCi/kg wet weight) in two of forty-one
analyses. One analysis was from a Boston sample, the other from a San
Francisco sample. In Table 7A the activity for plutonium-238 in Winter
flounder is reported as 1.7 (+_ 1.0) pCi/kg wet weight, which definitely
exceeds the range for plutonium-238 that was found in other Boston Winter
flounder samples, and also exceeds the range for plutonium-238 observed
in other Massachusetts Bay flounder samples. Plutonium-238 activity in
the three other samples of Winter flounder collected from Boston during
this study ranged from 0.06 to 0.3 pCi/kg wet weight (mean = 0.14),
corresponding closely to data from the analyses of eight flounder
collected one year later, September 1982, in Massachusetts Bay. The
plutonium-238 activity in those samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.5 pCi/kg
wet weight, with a mean of 0.24 (CURTIS, 1984). The validity of this 1.7
pCi/kg analytical result must, therefore, be Questioned. It appears
likely that the reported plutonium-238 activity in this sample may not
represent true plutonium-238 activity. This statement can be supported
by the large 2-sigma counting error value of + 1.0 pCi/kg for this
analysis, and the corresponding analysis for plutonium-239 in the same
sample (0.5 pCi/kg activity with a large error term of 1.0 pCi/kg). The
questionable validity of plutonium-238 activity in this sample can
probably be attributed to laboratory error during the sample preparation
and analysis procedure and/or contaimination of the sample itself
(LIVINGSTON, 1987). In Table 1C the activity for plutonium-238 in
Pacific hake is reported as 8.2 (+ 10.8) pCi/kg wet weight which far
exeeds baseline plutonium-238 activity levels in marine fishes. Again,
due to the extremely large 2-sigma counting error reported with this
analysis and the corresponding data for analysis of plutonium-239 in the
same sample (minus 1.2 pCi/kg activity and a large error term of 2.3
pCi/kg), the validity of this analytical result is also questionable.
Repeat analyses by EERF on the homogenate samples yielded
essentially the same results, indicating that the homogenates were
contaminated. As the original fish samples are not available for
reprocessing, additional samples will be obtained for verification.
32
-------
From the data summarized in Table 12, and from the above
discussions about the four EERF analytical results for cesium-137 and
plutonium-238 that were at or above MDL, it is clear that 162 of the 164
analyses show radioactivity in the thirty-seven samples to be below or
within expected environmental background (ambient) radiation levels, due
primarily from global fallout, as previously reported (DYER, 1976), (IAEA,
1976), (NOSHKIN, 1978), (SCHELL, 1980), (NEA, 1983 and 1985), and (CURTIS,
1984) .
Table 13 pertains only to data contained in Tables 9, 10, and
11. Analytical results from the 111 WEAC analyses for barium, cesium,
iodine, plutonium, and strontium are grouped into the same activity-level
categories as given for the EERF data in Table 12. The WEAC reported
measureable activity.- above detection limits, for cesium-137 only. The
data listed in Tables 9, 10, and 11 shows the twelve measurable quantities
for cesium-137 from the thirty-seven analyses performed by the WEAC. Five
of the twelve samples from Boston are listed with cesium-137 activity, as
are seven of the thirteen samples from San Francisco. The WEAC reports
no measureable quantities of cesium-137 in any of the twelve samples
collected from Atlantic City. The WEAC further reports that no detectable
activity for barium-140, iodine-131, plutonium-239, or strontium-90 was
found in any of the thirty-seven samples analyzed during this study.
Measureable quantities of cesium-137, reported by the WEAC,
range in the Boston samples from 12 to 45 pCi/kg (mean = 21) and from 15
to 30 pCi/kg (mean = 22) in the San Francisco samples. These activity
levels are reasonably consistent with the ranges of cesium-137 previously
reported for Pacific ocean fish (NOSHKIN, 1978) and (SCHELL, 1980). The
activity levels for these twelve cesium-137 analyses are also within the
range of values observed during the past twelve years of the FDA Total
Diet Studies and Radionuclides in Foods monitoring programs. The
cesium-137 analytical results presented by WEAC in this report are below
levels considered by the FDA to be of public health concern. The data
presented is also considered to be of normal background levels in seafood
and attributable to global fallout over the oceans (STROUBE, 1984).
4.2 Conclusions
Direct numerical comparisons between the EERF and WEAC analysis
data were difficult due to differences in each laboratory's analytical
sensitivities and reporting procedures, and because of the number of WEAC
samples for which no numerical data was reported. Analysis of the overall
Marketplace Seafood Monitoring Program data clearly shows, however, that
the levels of man-made radionuclides in the samples were at or below those
levels normally found in foods (STROUBE, 1984). All results were found to
be in the lower portion of Range I of the Federal Radiation Council
guidelines for radioactivity and similar to previous findings from FDA
analyses of imported fish obtained from retail outlets (JELINEK, 1982).
Based upon the analytical data presented in this report, the EPA therefore
concludes that:
33
-------
(1) The analyses for man-made radionuclides in the seafood
samples collected show that radioactivity levels are at or below those
normally found in food samples.
(2) Measureable levels of cesiom-137 and plutonium-238 activity
were detected in 16 of the 239 analyses (6.7%) completed by EERF and WEAC
during this monitoring program. The activity levels observed in those 16
samples are, however, well below activity levels considered to be of
public health significance or concern.
(3) The data show no evidence that previous LLW disposals
in Massachusetts Bay, at the Atlantic Ocean disposal sites, or at the
Farallon Islands disposal site have resulted in contamination of local
seafood populations with waste-related radionuclides.
These conclusions are in accord with data previously reported
from FDA food study programs and in previous EPA reports of studies
conducted at the major U.S. ocean disposal sites for LLW.
34
-------
REFERENCES
BARATTA, E.J. and Reavy, T.C., "Rapid Determination of Strontium-90
in Tissue, Food, Biota and other Environmental Media by Tributyl
Phosphate," Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 17,
1969.
BARATTA, E.J. and Lumsden, E.M., "Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium in
Food Ash," Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Library Information
Bulletin, No. 2015, 1977.
CURTIS, W.R. and Mardis, H.M., "Data From Studies of Previous
Radioactive Waste Disposal in Massachusetts Bay," Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Report, No. 520/1-84-031, December 1984.
DYER, R.S., "Environmental Surveys of Two Deepsea Radioactive Waste
Disposal Sites Using Submersibles," Management of Radioactive
Wastes From the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Vol. II, International Atomic
Energy Agency, Vienna 1976.
GATES, D.E. and Frey, H.W., "Designated Common Names of Certain
Marine Organisms of California," State of California Department of
Fish and Game Bulletin, No. 161, 1974.
GOTSHALL, D.W. and Dyer, R.S., "Deepwater Demersal Fishes Observed
From the Submersible AVALON Off the Farallon Islands in June
1985," State of California Department of Fish and Game Marine
Resources Technical Report, No. 55, 1987.
HANSELMAN, D.H. and Ryan, W., "1978 Atlantic 3800 Meter Radioactive
Waste Disposal Site Survey," Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Report, No. 520/1-83-017, June 1983.
IAEA, "Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Organisms and
Ecosystems," International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical
Report Series, No. 172, 1976.
JELINEK, C.F., Correspondence with R.H. Johnson, Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Programs (ORP),
December 1982.
LIEBERMAN, R., Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF)
Radiochemistry Procedures Manual, Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Report, No. 520/5-84-006, August 1984.
LIVINGSTON, H., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Personal
Communication, September 1987.
LOCKWOOD, M., Grunthal, M. and Curtis, W.R., "Side Scan Sonar Survey
of the Massachusetts Bay LLW Disposal Sites," OCEANS'82, Marine
Technology Society Conference, Washington DC, September 1982.
35
-------
REFERENCES (Continued)
McCLANE, A.J., (Ed.), Field Guide to Saltwater Fishes of North America,
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1978.
MILLER, D.J. and Lea, R.N., "Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of
California," State of California Department of Fish and Game
Bulletin, Fishery Bulletin No. 157, 1972.
MUSICK, J.A. and Sulak, K.J., "Characterization of the Demersal
Fish Community of a Deepsea Radioactive Waste Disposal Site,"
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Draft Contract Report, 1979.
NBA, Interim Oceanographic Description of the Northeast Atlantic
Site for the Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Nuclear
Energy Agency (NBA) Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Paris, January 1983.
NEA, Review of the Continued Suitability of the Dumping Site
for Radioactive Waste in the Northeast Atlantic, Nuclear Energy
Agency (NEA) Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Paris, 1985.
NOSHKIN, V.E. et al, "Radionuclides in The Marine Environment Near the
Farallon Islands," University of California, Lawrence Livermore
Laboratory Report, No. UCRL-52381, January 1978.
PHS, "Radioassay Procedures for Environmental Samples," Public Health
Service (PHS) Publication, Section 4-22, January 1967.
RAY, C. and Ciampi, E., The Underwater Guide to Marine Life,
A.S. Barnes and Company, New York, 1956.
REISH, D.J., "Survey of the Benthic Invertebrates Collected From the
U.S. 2800 Meter Radioactive Waste Disposal Site in the Atlantic
Ocean," Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Report,
No.520/1-82-003, 1983.
SCHELL, W.R. and Sugai, S., "Radionuclides At the U.S. Radioactive
Waste Disposal Site Near The Farallon Islands," Health Physics,
Vol. 39, No. 3, September 1980.
STROUBE, W.B., Correspondence with W.R. Curtis, Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Programs (ORP),
August 1984 (Food and Drug Administration 1981 Compliance Program
Assignment Memorandum).
36
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincere gratitude is expressed to Charles Jelinek, of the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for his assistance in planning
this monitoring program and helping to get it started. Gratitude is
also expressed to William Stroube and William Cunningham, of the FDA,
for assisting in the evaluation of Winchester Engineering and
Analytical Center (WEAC) radioanalytical data, and for reviewing the
preliminary drafts of this report. Recognition is also accorded to
Patrick Lombardo, Edmond Baretta and the staff at WEAC for preparing
the collected samples for analysis, shipping duplicate homogenates to
the EPA radiation laboratory, and conducting radionuclide analyses.
The cooperation provided to the author by Charles Porter and the
staff of the EPA Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF)
during this monitoring program was significant to its success. Two
members of the EERF staff, Jon Broadway and Geraldine Luster, were
particularly helpful in providing and evaluating the data, answering
and responding to numerous questions and requests from the author, and
reviewing draft and final versions of the report.
Special thanks also are extended to Victor Noshkin, of Lawrence
Livermore Laboratories, and Hugh Livingston, of the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, for their critical reviews of the report
and for their helpful suggestions to me in presenting the data from
this monitoring program. Critical reviews of the report by
Robert Dyer, William Gunter and Michael Mardis, of the EPA Office of
Radiation Programs, are also gratefully appreciated.
In addition, I wish to thank Raymond Clark and Bonnie Wyvill, of
the EPA Office of Radiation Programs, for their assistance. Ray
provided the graphic art expertise displayed in Figure 1; Bonnie spent
countless hours typing and retyping text and tables.
37
-------
APPENDICES
COMPLETE LISTING OF ALL EERF ANALYTICAL RESULTS (MAN-MADE
AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES) FOR MARKETPLACE SEAFOOD SAMPLES
COLLECTED BY THE FDA FROM:
BOSTON Pages Al - A5
ATLANTIC CITY Pages Bl - B4
SAN FRANCISCO Pages Cl - C5
38
-------
Radlonucllde Analyses of Marketplace Seafood Samples Collected by FDA
Boston District, 1981 and 1992
Sample Date Sample
Number Collected Tyoe
"AN-MADE NUCLIDES
Analysis Nucllde
15993
15994
16843
26959
26960
26962
26963
15991
15991
15992
15992
15993
15993
15994
15994
16842
16842
16843
16843
16844
16844
16844
16844
16845
16845
26958
26958
26959
26959
26960
26960
26960X
26960X
26961
26961
26962
26962
26963
26963
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
2696CX
26961
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/til
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
Cod
Cod
Cusk Eels
Haice
Cod
Cod
PollocK
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Ka«e
Ha*e
Cusic Eels
Cus* Eels
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Flounder
Flounder
Ha*e
Ha
-------
26962
26963
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16345
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
26963
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
26963
15991
15992
15993
15994
16842
16843
16844
16845
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
NATURAL
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
It/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
Cod
POIIOCK
NUCLIDES
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
riafce
Cusk Eels
Flounder
Cod
Flounder
Hake
Cod
Cod
Haddock
Cod
pollock
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Ha
-------
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
15991
15991
15991
15991
15992
15992
15992
15992
15993
15993
15993
15993
15994
15994
15994
15994
16842
16842
16842
16842
16843
16843
16843
16843
16844
16844
16844
16844
16845
16845
16845
16845
26958
26958
26958
26958
26959
26959
26959
26959
26960
26960
26960
26960
26961
26961
26961
26961
26962
26962
26962
26962
26963
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
U/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81'
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
6/10/82
6/10/82
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
Flounder
Hake
Cod
Cod
Haddock
Cod
Pollock
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Hake
Hake
Hake
Hake
Cusk Eels
Cusk Eels
Cusk Eels
Cusk Eels
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Hake
Hake
Hake
Hake
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Haddock
Haddock
Haddock
Haddock
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Pollock
RA226
RA226
PA226
RA226
RA226
RA226
RA226
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-230
TH-227
TH-228
TH-230
TH-232
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
TH-227
TH-228
TH-227
TH-230
TH-232
TH-227
TH-228
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-232
TH-230
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
TH-232
TH-227
TH-228
TH-230
TH-227
TH-232
TH-221
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-22t
TH-230
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
4
4
1
3
5
2
-1
5
1
2
2
-8
-8
2
-1
•j
5
-4
3
2
2
1
-4
2
6
-3
2
7
4
4
-1
6
2
3
3
1
-5
1
9
1
6
3
9
8
-1
2
7
3
-1
4
3.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
3.0000E-03
2.0000E-05
2.5000E-04
1,OOOOE-04
4.0000E-04
4.0000E-05
1.8000E-04
3.0000E-04
5.0000E-04
2.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
5.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
2.0000E-Q4
2.0000E-04
8.0000E-04
8.0000E-05
2.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
7.0000E-04
5.0000E-04
4.0000E-04
3.0000E-04
2.0000E-04
2.0000E-04
1.OOOOE-04
4.0000E-04
2.OOOOE-04
6.OOOOE-04
3.OOOOE-04
2.OOOOE-04
7,OOOOE-04
4.OOOOE-04
4.1940E-04
1.0060E-03
6.9900E-04
2.7260E-04
3.3870E-04
3.0190E-04
1.6260E-04
5.2310E-04
1.9470E-04
9.7350B-05
1.2170C-04
6.0200E-05
3.7840E-04
9.2740E-05
8.9030E-05
1.2190E-04
2.0920E-04
7.26301-05
3.4860E-04
1.2120E-04
4.H70E-04
3.6000E-04
3.OOOOE-04
3.2000E-04
3.4000E-04
3.OOOOE-04
3.4000E-04
4.5000E-04
2.7080E-04
1.6750E-04
6.9000E-05
1.6000E-04
3.7480E-04
1.8900E-04
1.4400E-04
2.OOOOE-04
1.4200E-04
2.4600E-04
1.7500E-04
6.7000E-05
2,OOOOE-04
2.6600E-04
5.0400E-04
4.2320E-04
1.2400E-04
3.5000E-04
2.3100E-04
2.7000E-04
3.3600E-04
2.5800E-04
1.3400E-04
1.3400E-04
1.4100E-04
4.3200E-04
1.5800E-04
2.5200E-04
5.1900E-04
1.7800E-04
3.2900E-04
3.6000E-04
2.3010E-04
2.9650E-04
3.5010E-04
1.8300E-04
2.5630C-04
2.1310E-04
1.3940E-04
3.9820E-04
1.5590E-04
1.0310E-04
2.1470E-04
3.5940E-04
1.8390C-04
2.2720E-04
8,9070E-05
3.7820E-04
2.2060E-04
2.5I60E-04
2.6110E-04
5.0350E-04
1.9440E-04
A-3
-------
26963
26963
26963
15991
15991
15991
15992
15992
15992
15993
15993
15993
15994
15994
15994
16842
16842
16842
16843
16843
16843
16844
16844
16844
16845
16845
16845
26958
26958
26958
26959
26959
26959
26960
26960
26960
26961
26961
26961
26962
26962
26962
26963
26963
26963
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/ 2/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/10/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
9/21/81
6/10/82
6/10/82
6/10/82
9/13/92
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
Pollock
Polloctc
Pollock
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Hake
Hake
Hake
Cusk Eels
Cusk Eels
Cusk Eels
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Cod
Cod
Cod
Flounder
Flounder
Flounder
Hake
Ha
-------
GROSS ALPHA
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
Flounder
Hake
Cod
Cod
Haddock
Cod
Pollock
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA-
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
-
•
-
•
•
•
-
GROSS BETA
26958
26959
26960
26960X
26961
26962
26963
6/10/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
9/13/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
ll/ 2/82
Flounder
Hake
Cod
Cod
Haddock
Cod
Pollock
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
8ETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
2.0000E-02
2.0000E-02
3.0000E-02
J.OOOOE-02
2.0000E-Q2
1.3000E-01
1,5000E-01
4.0000E+00
4.2000E+00
4.1000E+00
4.0000E+00
3.1000E+00
3.8000E+00
3.7000E+00
2.0000E-01
1.9180E-01
1.0380E-01
1,1220E-01
1.4420E-01
1.9370C-01
2.1150E-01
3.2000E-01
2.9400E-01
2.8700E-01
2.8000E-01
2.4800E-01
2.6600E-01
2.9600E-01
\-S
-------
Radlonuclidc Analyses of Marketplace seafood Samples Collected by FDA
Jersey District, 1981 and 1982
Analysis Nuclid* Activity 2-Slgma
Pcl/g («f«t) Error
Sample Date sample
Number Collected Type
MAN-MADE NUCLIDES
17633
23031
23035
23036
16846
16846
16847
16847
17633
17633
17634
17634
17635
17635
17636
17636
23031
23031
23032
23032
23033
23033
23034
23034
23035
23035
23036
23036
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
16646
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
9/24/81
4/ 3/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
NATURAL
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
Cell
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Etls
Eels
Eels
Eels
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Eels
Eels
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tllef Ish
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tileflsh
Tlleflsh
NUCLIDES
Tlleflsh
Eels
Eels
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
CS-137
CS-137
CS-137
CS-137
PU-239
PU-238
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
FU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-238
PU-239
PlT-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
5R-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
1.4000E-02
i.OOOOC-02
1.7000E-02
1.6000E-02
3.0000E-05
l.OOOOE-04
O.OOOOE+00
2.0000E-05
8.0000E-05
4.0000E-05
3.0420E-04
4.3460E-05
4.2360E-05
2.1180E-04
1.7510E-04
2.6260E-04
OrOOOOE+00
3.1670E-05
3.5280E-05
6.4250E-05
1.8290E-04
6»tlOOE-05
7.5660E-05
1.8600E-05
3.1950E-05
7.6330E-06
1.8320E-04
5.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-03
4.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
2.0000E-02
9.0000E-04
6.7000E-04
3.8000E-04
2.3000E-04
4.9000E-04
1.2000E-04
7.2000E-04
2.6000E+00
2.4000E+00
2.1000E+00
3.1000E+00
2.9000E+00
2.8000E+00
3.0000E+00
3.3000E+00
2.8000E+00
9.8000E-03
8.2000E-03
1.3090E-02
1.0880E-02
1.0410E-04
1.8800E-04
O.QOOOE-fOO
1.0600E-04
4.3840E-04
2.6520E-04
3.6030E-04
1.5060E-04
1.4680E-04
4.0710E-04
2.1550E-04
3.5160E-04
O.OOOOE+00
4.9230E-05
8.0580E-05
1.8330E-04
1.9490E-04
7,2610E-05
8.3930E-05
1.2800E-04
4.3230E-05
1.5260E-04
5.8810E-05
1.4600E-04
7.5000E-04
1.1500E-03
5.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
2.7200E-02
1.3950E-03
1.8961E-03
1.9000E-03
1.8400E-03
1.9600E-03
2.1600E-03
2.0376E-03
3.3800E-01
2.1600E-01
3.1500E-01
2.4800E-01
2.3200E-01
3.3600E-01
2.4000E-01
1.9800E-01
2.2400E-01
-------
23034
23035
23036
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036.
16846
16847
17633
17634
17635
17636
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
16946
16846
16846
16846
16847
16847
16847
16847
17633
17633
17633
17633
17634
17634
17634
17634
17635
17635
17635
17635
17636
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
Tllefish
Tllef iih
Tileflsh
Tllefish
Eels
Eels
Tileflsh
Tileflsh
Tileflsh
Tllefish
Tileflsh
Tilefish
Tilef ish
Tileflsh
Tileflsh
Tilefish
Eels
Eels
Tileflsh
Tilefish
Tileflsh
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefisn
eels
Eels
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tileflsh
Tilefisn
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
rilefish
Tilefish
Tileflsh
Eels
Eels
Eels
Eels
Eels
Eels
Eels
Eels
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tileflsh
rilefish
Tileflsh
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tileflsh
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
K-40
K-40
K-40
PB-210
PB-210
PB-5JO
PB-210
P8-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
P8-210
P8-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
PA-226
RA-226
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-232
TH-232
TH-228
TH-227
TH-230
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
TH-230
TH-228
TH-232
TH-227
TH-228
3
3
3
1
1
2
5
8
7
1
-5
-8
3
5
1
8
4
-1
5
1
7
-2
1
6
3
6
-6
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
-4
4
2
-6
-8
2
-6
0
1
0
3
-1
4
5
3
1
0
6
3.2000E+00
3.2000E+00
3.0000E+00
1.2088E-01
1.7119E-01
2.5168E-01
5.2489E-01
8.0800E-02
7.H90E-02
1.1311-E+OO
5.8S-83E-02
8.5048E-02
3.0731E-01
5.4563E-01
1.8332E+00
8.0000E-03
4.6000E-03
1.6100E-03
5.0386E-04
1.1000E-02
7.7400E-03
2.7448E-02
1.0615E-02
6.9963E-03
3.7971E-03
6.2020E-03
6.5777E-03
1.2000E-03
2.9000E-03
2.1000E-03
2.6000E-03
2.2000E-03
2.1000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
l.OOOOE-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
2.0000E-03
3.3652E-05
l.OOOOE-04
l.OOOOE-04
4.2252E-06
4.0000E-05
2.0000E-04
6.0000E-04
8.0000E-05
2.5799E-04
6.4078E+00
O.OOOOE+00
1.2900E-02
O.OOOOE+00
3.1550E-04
1.8790E-04
4.7320E-04
5.1690E-04
3.5470E-04
1.1490E-04
O.OOOOEtOQ
6.0090E-04
2.2400E-01
3.8400E-01
3.9000E-01
3.0764E-01
6.3751E-01
4.5481E-01
5.2694E-01
3.8989E-01
3.9954E-OJ
2.2131E+00
4.5813E-01
4.3489E-01
6.7932E-01
1.8927E+00
9.9883E-01
6.1592E-03
5.3820E-03
2.9094E-03
5.6183E-03
6.7540E-03
7.2106E-03
5.9972E-02
6.8833E-03
5.3099E-03
6.4027E-03
1.4175E-02
8.0292E-03
2.8800E-04
2.6100E-04
2.9400E-04
3.1200E-04
3.3000E-04
2.9400E-04
3.8000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
2.0000E-04
3.6000E-04
3.8000E-04
3.2000E-04
4.7597E-05
1.4905E-04
8.6680E-05
2.3315C-06
2.4000E-04
1.7000E-04
3.7200E-04
1.4640E-04
2.1101E-04
8.0347E+01
O.OOOOE+00
5.3393E-03
3.0980E-04
2.5820E-04
8.6970E-04
3.8010E-04
3.8210E-04
9.1230E-04
1.6260E-04
4.7860E-04
7.8770E-04
B-2
-------
17636
17636
17636
23031
23031
23031
23031
23032
23032
23032
23032
23033
23033
23033
23033
23033
23033
23033
23033
23035
23035
23035
23035
23036
23036
23036
23036
16846
16846
16846
16847
16847
16847
17633
17633
17633
17634
17634
17634
17635
17635
17635
17636
17636
17636
23031
23031
23031
23032
23032
23032
23033
23033
23033
23034
23034
23034
23035
23035
23035
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
5/ 2/92
5/ 2/82
5/ 2/82
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
9/13/81
0/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/24/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
9/30/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
Tll«f Ish
Tll«flsh
Tllef 1th
Tlleflih
Tll«f Ish
Tllefish
Tllef Ish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tilef Ish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilef Ish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tllef Ish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
rilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Eels
Eels
eels
Eels
eels
Eels
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tlleflsh
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefifh
Tilefiih
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tilefish
Tllefish
Tllefish
Tlleflsh
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
TH-230
TH-232
TH-227
TH-22t
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-221
TH-227
TH-230
TH-232
TH-230
TH-230
TH-232
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-227
TH-228
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-232
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-234
U-238
U-235
U-238
U-234
U-235
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-235
U-234
U-238
U-238
U-234
U-235
U-234
U-238
U-235
8
1
2
-7
3
1
2
-5
1
1
1
6
2
2
-4
0
1
-8
2
-2
1
2
2
2
3
-5
1
7
1
4
2
4
5
1
1
7
8
1
1
6
4
3
5
5
9
4
2
4
4
-1
1
4
4
3
2
2
7
4
1
6
8.1580E-04
1.7170E-04
2.6830E-04
7.8240E-05
3.2420E-05
1.5760E-04
2.1610E-04
5.2400E-04
1.6820E.04
1.3450E-04
1.'6.J.4 OE-04
6.4670E-04
2.3450E-05
2.3450E-05
4.0770E-04
O.OOOOE+00
1.4920E-04
8.5100E-04
2.0730E-04
2.9590E-04
1.5260E-04
2.6500E-04
2.7980E-04
2.0650E-04
3.9650E-04
5.7800E-04
1.2390E-04
7.5322E-04
1.5977E-04
4.7927E-04
2.000-OE-04
4.0000E-05
5.0000E-04
1.6650E-03
1.5130E-04
7.9450E-04
8.3900E-04
1.5730E-04
1.1540E-03
6.7840E-04
4.7890E-04
3.9910E-05
5.9610E-04
5.4640E-04
9.9350E-05
4.5190E-04
2.5820E-05
4.3900E-04
4.1310E-04
1.5660E-06
1.1290E-03
4.5690E-05
4.5190E-04
3.5390E-04
2.2330E-04
2.8100E-04
7.5970E-03
4.4860E-04
1.7680E-04
6.3570E-05
3.9610E-04
1.7200E-04
4.7360E-04
1.8390C-04
6.4850E-05
1.1930E-04
1.0170E-04
4.0770E-04
2.5080E-04
1.7850E-04
1.5230E-04
2.6440E-04
1.4070E-04
1.0490E-04
3.7630E-04
3.0900E-04
1.2200E-04
2.7600E-04
2.0740E-04
3.9490E-04
1.7630E-04
2.3720E-04
2.1000E-04
2.5300E-04
2.1090E-04
4.1290E-04
1.1090E-04
3.0694E-04
1.2312E-04
2.3053E-04
1.4000E-04
5.6800E-05
2.1500E-04
5.6070E-04
1.8620E-04
3.5950E-04
4.3280E-04
2.3540E-04
5.5450E-04
3.3970E-04
2.8280E-04
7.9970E-05
4.0580E-04
4.1650E-04
1.4120E-04
1.6370E-04
3,6630C-03
1.5910E.04
2.3270C-04
8.7530E-03
3.9920E-04
6,6560E-03
2.1300E-04
1.8910E-04
1.8590E-04
2.3490E-04
1.0760E-04
2.5100E-04
1.4620E-04
8.7070E-03
B-3
-------
23036 5/ 2/82 Ttleflsh
23036 5/ 2/82 Tlleflsh
23036 5/ 2/82 Tlleflsh
GROSS ALPHA
GROSS BETA
U
U
U
U-Z38
U.23S
U-234
23031
23032
23033
23034
23033
23036
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
Tilef Ish
Tlleflsh
Tllef Ish
Tilef Ish
Tileflsh
Tlleflsh
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
-
m
m
•
.
m
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
4/ 3/82
4/ 3/82
5/ 7/82
5/10/82
5/10/82
5/ 2/82
Tlleflsh
Tlletish
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
Tlleflsh
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
3
3
3
4
4
3
3.9590E-04
1.08001-04
4.9270E-04
4.0000E-02
l.OOOOC-01
2.0000C-02
4.0000E-02
l.OOOOE-01
2.0000E-02
3.3000E*00
3.8000E*00
3.3000E-»>00
4.0000E+00
4.8000E-t-00
3.6000E-»-00
2.0980E-04
1.0760E-04
2.3330E-04
1.6000E-01
1.5600E-01
1.3260E-01
1.3940C-01
2.0000E«01
1.6480E-01
3.1800E-01
3.0400E-01
2.6400E-01
2.8000E-01
3.3600E-01
2.8800E-01
B-4
-------
^adionuclide Analyses of Marketplace seafood Samples Collected by FDA
San Francisco District, 1981 and 1982
Sample Date Sample
Collected" Type
MAN-MADE NUCLIDES
Analysis Nucllde Activity 2-Slgma
Pcl/g (*et) Error
18620
19621
23038
23040
17637
17637
17638
17638
17639
17639
17640
17640
18620
13620
18620X
18620X
18621
18621
23037
23037
23038
23038
23040
23040
23042
23042
17637
17638
17639
17640
18620
18620X
13621
23037
23038
23040
23042
23039
23039
23041
23041
23039
23041
18622
18622
18622
18622
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
Llnq Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Hardheads
Hardheads
Butterf ish
Butterfish
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Black Cod
31ack Cod
Llnq Cod
Llnq Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
BlacK Cod
Black Cod
alack Cod
Ling Cod
Lina Cod
••{ a r d heads
•iutterf Ish
Oover Sole
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
BlacK Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snacoer
Thornyheads
Thornyheads
Thornyheads
Thornyneads
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PL'
PU
PU
PU
PU
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
PU
PU
PU
PU
SR
SR
GAMMA
PU
PU
SR
CS-137
CS-137
CS-137
CS-137
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-238
PU-239
PU-239
PU-238
PU-238
P'J-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-238
PU-239
PU-239
PU-238
PU-238
PU-239
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
SR-90
PU-238
PU-239
PU-239
PU-238
SR-90
SR-90
CS-137
PU-238
PU-239
SR-90
6.5572E-03
8.5773E-03
1.00t)OE-02
9.0000E-03
O.OOOOE-t-OO
3.4300E-05
8.1890E-03
-1.1700E-03
7.8220E-05
-3.9110E-05
-1.3730E-02
-1.7160E-03
9.7160E-05
•9.7160E-05
-7.8920E-05
O.OOOOE+00
1.1780E-04
5.8890E-05
•9.6950E-05
O.OOOOE+00
1.8070E-04
O.OOOOE+00
5.7670E-05
•4.2030E-05
8.9330E-05
3.0980E-05
O.OOOOE+00
-5.0000E-03
•3.0000E-04
•4.0000E-02
6.0000E-04
l.OOOOE-04
O.OOOOE+00
6.9000E-04
1.1000E-04
O.OOOOE+00
2.5000E-04
1.3480E-04
O.OOOOE+00
O.OOOOE+00
O.OOOOE+00
1.2000C-04
2.6000E-04
1.1700E-02
2.3700E-04
O.OOOOEtOO
2.0000E-04
1.7049E-03
1.9728E-03
8.9000E-03
8.1900E-03
1.6800E-04
6.8730E-05
1.0770E-02
2.3440E-03
1.1110E-04
3.2260E-04
1.0970E-02
1.7160E-02
2.9170E-04
1.3790E-04
9.1630E-05
2.6830E-04
2, 1550E-04
1.0410E-04
2.1470E-04
1.5830E-04
1,8540E-04
O.OOOOE+00
7.2770E-05
1.3010F-04
1.1000E-04
4.0950E-05
O.OOOOE+00
1.5000E-02
9.9900E-04
1.5120L'-01
2.4000E-03
1,OOOUE-04
OtOOOOE-»-00
2.2080E-03
4.4000E-04
1.9000E-03
2.1250E-03
1.8940E-04
O.OOOOE1-00
8.3650E-05
2.0490E-04
1.6800E-03
2.3400E-03
1,8720E-03
1.8750E-04
6.7730E-05
4.0000E-04
C-l
-------
NATURAL NUCLIDES
17637
17640
17637
17638
17639
17640
17640X
18620
18621
23037
23038
23040
23042
17637
17640
18620
17637
17638
17639
17640
18620
18621
23037
23038
23040
23040X
23042
17637
17638
17639
17640
18620
18621
23037
23038
23040
23040X
23042
17637
17638
17639
17640
18620
18621
23037
23038
23040
23042
17637
17637
17637
17637
17638
17638
17638
17638
17639
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/32
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
Hardheads
Blacic Cod
Hardheads
Butterfish
Dover Sole
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Hardheads
Black Cod
Llnq Cod
Hardneads
ButterfIsh
Dover Sole
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Hardheads
ButterfIsh
Dover Sole
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Hardheads
ButterfIsh
Dover Sole
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Hardheads
Hardheads
Hardheads
Hardheads
ButterfIsh
SutterfIsh
ButterfIsh
Butterflsh
Dover sole
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PB
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
BI-214
BI-214
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
K-40
PB-214
PB-214
TH-232
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PB-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
PO-210
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
PA-226
RA-226
RA-226
RA-226
TH-230
TH-221
TH-232
TH-227
TH-232
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
6,
9,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
4,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
5,
8,
7,
5,
8,
1,
3,
6,
-1,
4,
-3,
2,
1,
1
1
1
1
5
8
3
6
4
3
2
9
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
-4
2
-1
4
0
1
3
0
6.1000E-02
9.4000E-02
2.3000E+00
1.9000E+00
2.3000E+00
2.9000C+00
2.8000E-COO
4.2«L74E+00
3.0790E+00
3.6000E+00
2,6000E+00
3.2000E+00
3.4000E+00
5.2000E-02
8.7000E-02
7.5660E-03
5.2290E-01
8.9190E-02
1.6350E-01
3.8760E-01
6.7596E-04
1.3251E-04
4,4703E-01
3.2206E-01
2.1296E-01
1.9979E-01
1.0205E-01
1.7700E-04
1.0400E-02
1.4900E-02
5.3070E-02
8.9265E-04
3.5203E-02
6.1089E-03
4.9556E-03
3.5271E-02
2.7049E-02
9.2788E-04
2.0000E-03
1.8000E-03
2.3000E-03
3.0000E-03
2.6000E-03
2.4000E-03
3.0000C-03
1.3000E-03
2.4000E-03
1.8000E-03-
2.4610.E-04
-4,7050E»04
2.9930E-04
-1.0250E-04
4.2830E-03
O.OOOOE+00
1.2850E-02
3.2370E-04
O.OOOOE+00
2.0740E-02
2.6320E-02
2.0700E-01
1.7100E-01
2.3000E-01
2.5200E-01
2.5200E-01
8.5748E-02
9.2370E-02
2.1600E-01
2.3400E-01
3.8400E-01
2.0400E-01
1.9760E-02
2.3490E-02
5.5988E-03
4.7594E-01
4.7339E-01
4.1954E-01
2.2732E+00
9.1593E-03
1.5144E-02
1.0699E+00
2.3738E+00
7.6318E-01
9.5904E-01
1.7196E-01
5.6644E-03
1.0444E-02
8.2099E-03
3.7425E-02
4.1035E-04
1.4461E-02
9.1220E-03
1.6747E-02
1.2050E-02
1.1723E-02
2.2313E-03
2.6000E-04
2.5200E-04
2.5300E-04
4.8000E-04
3.3800E-04
3.6000E-04
4.5000E-04
2.8600E-04
3.3600E-04
3.6000E-04
2.9560E-04
7.3520E-04
2.4160C-04
4.98SOE-04
4.9510E-03
1.1900E-02
1.1790E-02
2.2880E-02
3.3130E-04
C-2
-------
17639
17639
17639
17640
17640
17640
17640
18620
18620
18620
18620
18620X
18620X
18620X
18620X
18621
18621
18621
18621
23037
23037
23037
23037
23038
23038
23038
23038
23040
23040
23040
23040
23042
23042
23042
23042
17637
17637
17637
17637
17637
17637
17638
17638
17638
17639
17639
17639
17639
17639
17639
17640
17640
17640
18620
18620
18620
18620X
18620X
18620X
19621
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/ 7/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
10/16/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Blacn Cod
Blac< Cod
Blaclc Cod
BlacK Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Linq Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
BlacK Cod
Blactc Cod
Black Cod
BlacK Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
SlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
SlacK Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Hardheads
Hardneads
Hardheads
Hardheads
Hardheads
Hardheads
Butterflih
Butterf ish
Butterf Ish
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
Dover Sole
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
BlacK Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
BlacK Cod
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
TH-228
TH-230
TH-232
TH-232
TH-228
TH«227
TH-230
TH-230
TH-227
TH-228
TH-232
TH-227
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-230
TH-228
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
TH-232
TH-227
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
TH-227
TH-232
TH-228
TH-230
U-234
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-238
U-235
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-231
U-234
U-235
U-235
U-238
U-234
U-234
3
7
0
2
2
1
9
3
7
6
2
5
1
3
-8
3
2
3
1
3
-5
9
9
-4
1
5
2
1
1
-4
2
5
5
-2
1
9
5
2
9
5
2
2
1
3
6
6
0
4
4
0
2
5
3
5
1
2
7
3
6
5
3.7190E-04
7.5530E-04
O.OOOOE+00
2.3650E-03
2.7770E-02
1.9710E-02
9.4610E-03
3.8780E-04
7.3440E-04
6.6900E-05
2.8200E-04
5.8370E-04
1.4060E-04
3.0933E-04
8.0150E-05
3.9620E-04
2.3250E-04
3.1140E-06
1.0570E-04
3.7820E-04
5.6850E-04
9.8500E-05
9.4560E-05
4.0470E-04
1.0230E-04
5.1170E-05
2.1320E-04
1.8660E-04
1.1210E-04
4.1360E-04
2.690-OE-04
5.7340E-05
5.5050E-05
2.9230E-04
1.5140E-04
9.6070E-04
5.3800E-04
2.3060E-04
9.6070E-04
5.3800E-04
2.3060E-04
2.0630E-02
1.0920E-02
3.6410E-03
6.9120E-04
6.9120E-04
O.OOOOE+00
4.9920E-04
4.9920E-04
O.OOOOC+00
2.9220E-02
5.1570E-03
3.4380E-03
5.3320E-04
1.4030E-04
2.8060E-05
7.4740E-05
3.7370E-04
6.9750E-04
5.3160E-04
7.0950E-04
3.9960E-04
1.5900E-04
8.1950E-03
3.9270E-02
1.9740E-02
1.3390E-02
2.3530E-04
4.6720E-04
7.3230E-04
2.2380E-04
4.0759E-04
1.4908E-04
2.3277E-04
6.8815E-04
2.9350E-04
1.4120E-04
5.5430C-04
1.1210E-04
2.0100E-04
3.9130E-04
2.4130E-04
1.1590E-04
3.7870E-04
1.4480E-04
1.4470E-04
3.0160E-04
1.8690E-04
1.0030E-04
3.7130E-04
1.6810E-04
1.4050E-04
5.5090E-05
2.1850E-04
1.1360E-04
4,1960E-04
2.9650E-04
1.9080E-04
4.1960E-04
2.9650E.04
1.9080E-04
1.1440E-02
7.4180E-03
5.4490E-03
4.8150C-04
4.8150E-04
1.5360E-04
3.2290E-04
3.2290E-04
1.5360E-04
1.6880E-02
5.9890E-03
1.0880E-02
2.7540E-04
2.5770E-04
9.7260E-05
8.6660E-05
2.0920E-04
2,9150E-04
3.2430E.04
C-3
-------
18621
18621
23037
23037
23037
23038
23038
23038
23040
23040
23040
23042
23042
23042
23039
23041
23039
23041
23039
23041
23039
23041
23039
23039
23039
23039
23041
23041
23041
23041
23039
23039
23039
23041
23041
23041
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
18622
11/12/81
11/12/81
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
5/26/82
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
11/12/81
Blaclc Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Blaclc Cod
Black Cod
Blaetc Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Black Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
Ling Cod
R«d Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapoer
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Red Snaoper
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Thornyheads
Thornyhead»
Thornyneads
Thornyheads
Tnornyneads
Thornyneads
Thornyheads
Thornyneadi
Thornyheads
Thornyheads
Thornyheads
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
GAMMA
GAMMA
PB
PB
PO
PO
RA
RA
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
U
U
U
U
U
U
GAMMA
PB
PO
RA
TH
TH
TH
TH
U
U
U
U-238
U-23S
U-235
U-234
U-23t
U-238
U-234
U-238
U-234
U-235
U-238
U-238
U-234
U-235
K-40
K-40
PB-210
PB-210
PO-210
PO-210
RA-226
RA-226
TH-227
TH-232
TH-230
TH-228
TH-227
TH-230
TH-232
TH-228
U-238
U-234
U-235
U-235
U-234
U-238
K-40
PB-210
PO-210
RA-226
TH-227
TH-228
TH-232
TH-230
U-238
U-234
U-235
4.0890C-04
1.6360E-04
O.OOOOE+00
3.4420E-04
3.0550E-04
3.0360C-04
2.6820E-04
I.0100E-05
3.6160E-04
3.4430E-05
5.8320E-04
2.2960E-04
3.6430E-04
3.0360E-05
3.1000E+00
2.7000E+00
7.8136E-03
4.8231E-02
1.9846E-02
1.0463E-02
1.6000E-03
1.2000E-03
5.6210E-04
1.3490E-04
2.9230E-04
•2.0980E-04
2.2380E-04
2.1480E-04
7.1610E-05
•5.4230E-04
3.2440E-04
5.6620E-04
1.5740E-05
O.OOOOE+00
2.7780E-04
4.0160E-04
2.7730E+00
9.8292E-04
8.6105E-04
1.8000E-03
9.1340E-04
3.4780E-0*
2.4360E-04
3.4100E-04
3.9360E-04
4.6930E-04
4.5420E-05
2.6410E-04
1.6500E-04
0,0000£*00
2.2720E-04
1.8680E-04
1.5990E.04
1.4980C-04
9.8710E-05
2.1640E-04
1.0930E-04
2.9200E-04
1.3740E-04
1.8410E-04
7.3910E-05
2.1700E-01
1.8900E-01
2.7304E-01
5.7483E-01
7.8917E-03
7.0006E-03
3.0400E-04
2.8800E-04
3.2530E-04
1.1030E-04
1.8580E-04
4.0820E-04
2.5850E-04
2.6810E-04
1.0130E-04
4.3120E-04
1.8210E-04
2.5410E-04
3,9290E-05
O.OOOOE+00
1.7410E-04
2.1090E-04
8.3190E-02
2.4670E-03
3.1454E-04
2,5200E-04
5,0100E-04
5.4800E-04
1.6960E-04
1.9620E-04
1.5960E-04
1.8560E-04
6.7870E-05
C-4
-------
GROSS ALPHA
23037
23038
23040
23040X
23042
23039
23041
23037
23038
23040
23040X
23042
23039
23041
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
GROSS BETA
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
5/27/82
5/26/82
Ling Cod
Blaclc Cod
BlacK Cod
Slack Cod
Ling Cod
Red Snapper
Red Snapper
Ling Cod
BlacK Cod
91ac)c Cod
Blactc Cod
Ling Cod
Red Snaoper
Red Snaooer
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
ALPHA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
BETA
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4.0000E-02
l.OOOOE-01
l.OOOOE-01
l.OOOOE-01
2rOOOOE-01
l.OOOOE-01
1.0000«-01
4.4000E+00
4.5000E+00
4.2000E+00
4.3000E+00
4.4000E+00
2,9000E+00
2.2000E+00
1.9600E-01
3.4600E-01
1.4100E-01
1.4100E-01
2.2400E-Oi
3.1600E-OJ
4.0000C.01
3.0800E-01
3.6000E-01
2.9400E-01
3.0100E-01
3.0800E-01
2.3200E-01
2.2000E-01
.S. Government Printing Office
C-5
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