EPA 550/9-77-353
        Department of
      AIR INSTALLATIONS

COMPATIBLE USE ZONES ( AICUZ)

           PROGRAM
             April 1977
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Office of Noise Abatement and Control
 Technology and Federal Programs Division
       Washington, D.C. 20460
VOL.1

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                            Federal Noise Program Reports
     This report discusses some of the features and problems of the Department of
Defense's program to control noise at military airfields: the Air Installations Compatible
Use Zones (AICUZ)  program.  Its purpose is to serve as aid to persons concerned with noise
abatement and control activities in the Federal Government. The report is the first in a
series of documents discussing various Federal agency noise programs to be published by
the Environmental Protection Agency in partial fulfillment of its responsibility under
Section 4 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (PL92-574).

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                                          EPA 550/9-77-353
FEDERAL NOISE PROGRAM REPORT SERIES
               VOLUME I
          Department of Defense:

    AIR INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE
      USE ZONES (AICUZ) PROGRAM
                April 1977
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Office of Noise Abatement and Control
  Technology and Federal Programs Division
         Washington, D.C. 20460

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                                CONTENTS
SECTION 1.   INTRODUCTION

SECTION 2.   MILITARY AIRPORT NOISE AND DOD'S PROGRAM
             The General Problem in Perspective
             Overview of DOD Air Installation Compatible Zone
              (AICUZ) Program

SECTION 3.   NAVY APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
             The Navy Problem
             Navy Requirements
               The Navy AICUZ Study
               Compatible Use Zones
               Land Use Matrix
               Land Use Plan
               Environmental Impact Assessment
             Naval Implementation of the AICUZ Program
               Experiences in Implementation
               Problems in Implementation
             How Others Influence the Navy Studies
               The Navy and Federal Housing Agencies
               The Navy and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
               The Navy and Environmental Protection Agency

SECTION 4.   AIR FORCE APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
             The Air Force Problem
             Air Force Requirements
               Environmental Regulations
               The Air Force AICUZ Study
               Environmental Impact Assessment
             Air Force Implementation of the AICUZ Program
               Experiences in Implementation
               Problems in Implementation
             How Others Can Influence Air Force Studies
               Air Force Help for States and Local Governments
               Air Force and Federal Housing Agencies
               Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration
               Air Force and Environmental Protection Agency
Page

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2-1
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2-3

3-1
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-4
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14

4-1
4-1
4-1
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4-4
4-4
4-9
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-12
4-13
4-13
                                     in

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                             APPENDICES
APPENDIX A.  OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NAVY
             AND AIR FORCE APPROACHES
             The AICUZ Study:  Planning vs Information
             Operational Changes
             Land Use Matrix
             Revisions
             Role of the Installation
             Acquisition Policy

APPENDIX B.  WHERE TO GO TO GET INFORMATION
             Navy
             Air Force
                                                                 Page
                                                    A-l
                                                    A-l
                                                    A-l
                                                    A-3
                                                    A-4
                                                    A-5
                                                    A-5

                                                    B-l
                                                    B-l
                                                    B-2
APPENDIX C.
APPENDIX D.
STATUS OF SELECTED AICUZ ISSUANCES
AND PUBLICATIONS
Department of Defense
Navy
Air Force

STATUS OF AICUZ PROGRAM AT INDIVIDUAL
AIRFIELDS
Navy
Air Force
APPENDIX E.  COMPLETE LAND USE MATRICES
             Navy
             Air Force

APPENDIX F.  ORGANIZATION TO IMPLEMENT AICUZ
             Navy
             Air Force
                                                                 C-l
                                                                 C-l
                                                                 C-3
                                                                 C-5
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D-3

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E-l
E-7

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F-9
                                  IV

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                                  FIGURES
FIGURE 1.



FIGURE 2.


FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 4.


FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 7.
                                                                          Page
Military Aircraft Noise at Takeoff and Approach as
Compared to Federal Aviation Administration's Civil
Aircraft Noise Regulations (FAR part 36)                      2-2

Composite Noise Ratings and Accident Potential Zones:
Naval Air Station, Cecil Field, FLA                           3-5

Basic Land Use Matrix: Naval Air Station, Cecil Field, FLA      3-6

Portion of Modified Land Use Matrix:  Naval Air
Station, Cecil Field, FLA                                   3-7

Portion of Air Force Land Use Compatibility Guidelines         4-7

Navy Organization Chart                                    F-2

Air Force Organization Chart                                F-8
                                   TABLES
TABLE 1.

TABLE 2.

TABLE 3.


TABLE 4.

TABLE 5.

TABLE 6.
Navy AICUZ Study Outline

Air Force AICUZ Study Outline

Summary of Contrasts Between Navy and Air Force
AICUZ Programs

Navy AICUZ Responsibilities

Principal Decision Points in the Navy AICUZ Program

Air Force AICUZ Phase I Responsibilities
Page

 3-3

 4-5


 A-2

 F-3

 F-6

 F-ll

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                          SECTION 1.  INTRODUCTION
     The military services within the Department of Defense (Navy, Marine Corps, Army
and Air Force) are currently working to alleviate the noise problem at their airfields. Most
of these efforts are grouped in a program entitled the Air Installations Compatible Use
Zones (AICUZ).
     Today, there is an increasing need for improved communication among people in the
different Federal noise programs. This need is occasioned by the increasing complexity and
interdependency of Federal noise programs. This very complexity making communication
more necessary, at the same time, makes it more difficult.
     This document is intended, therefore,  to aid the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and other Federal agencies involved in noise abatement and land-use planning
activities, by providing a framework for understanding the AICUZ program.
     The Noise Control Act of 1972 designated EPA as the coordinator of Federal noise
programs to ensure that they are consistent and mutually reinforcing. EPA believes that
one way  to facilitate coordination is to promote an understanding of other agencies pro-
grams by publishing a series of Federal noise program guides. This document covers some
important features of DOD's AICUZ program, its problems and relationship to other agen-
cies noise programs. It begins with a general discussion of the military airfield problem and
general program requirements of the Secretary of Defense.  It then discusses separately the
Navyl and Air Force approaches to the problem. Detailed information regarding various
aspects of these programs is contained in the Appendices.
     The report does not discuss the Army  program. The significant environmental noise
problems at Army bases, unlike those at the air installations of the two services, do not
involve fixed wing jet aircraft as much as helicopters. Weapons firing is also a major noise
problem. The Army is developing a program utilizing AICUZ type contours to deal with
these situations at its bases. It is, therefore, appropriate to address the entire Army noise
program in a separate report in this series.
iThe Navy includes the U.S. Marine Corps.
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         SECTION 2. MILITARY AIRPORT NOISE AND DOD'S PROGRAM
THE GENERAL PROBLEM IN PERSPECTIVE

     DOD recognizes that its aircraft/airport noise problem is a serious one. Many thou-
sands of people live in military airport environs where the noise level exceeds L^ = 75 dB.l
Federal agencies agree that this noise exposure level is unacceptable for residential land use
and is a contributor to hearing loss. Many more live in airfield environs where the noise
level exceeds L^N = 65 dB, a level which DOD agrees noise is clearly a social annoyance.2
     Aside from the pure health and welfare aspects of the problem are some hard costs
which DOD has faced in recent years. For example, due in part to actions of irate home-
owners in military  airport environs, several Air Force installations in the past have been
forced to modify or cease their flying operations or to close entirely.
     Some important factors bearing on the problem can be highlighted.  The most obvious
factor is that the nature of the DOD aircraft mission requires  constant activity and change.
Some years ago, DOD's strategy was to gain public acceptance of the noise of its aircraft by
relying on the recognition that it served national defense and  was "good" for the country
(was, as the phrase went, "the sound of freedom"). However, in absence of guidance
regarding acceptable sound  levels, the once remote locations of many airfields became
encroached upon by residential (and other) development that was incompatible with the
noise levels from the  bases.  (Some, such as Andrews Air Force Base in Washington, D.C.
are heavily encroached upon.)3
1. Ldn, day-night sound level, is the energy-averaged equivalent level (Leq) for 24 hours,
  adjusted to include a 10-dB penalty for noise exposures during night-time hours (10 p.m.
  to 7 a.m.).
2. The Environmental Protection Agency's "Levels" document defines noise problems to
  exist above Ldn = 55 dB, but does not address the questions of economic practicality
  and technological feasibility. DOD policy is to plot contours to Ldn = 65 dB.
3. The Air Force and the Navy have the most significant problems.  The Army maintains
  six airfields capable of handling Air Force Troop Transport operations.  As of mid-1976,
  noise contours had been plotted for five of the six airfields at Ft. Hood, Texas; Ft. Sill,
  Oklahoma; Ft. Bliss, Texas; Ft. Campbell, Kentucky and Ft. Benning, Georgia. The
  remaining installation is at Ft. Stewart, Georgia.  Complaints have been received warrant-
  ing special actions at Ft. Bliss, Oklahoma and Ft. Campbell.
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     The airfields and the planes they service also bear on the problem. In the United States,
approximately 275 military airfields are located on 2.2 million acres. In addition, the mili-
tary noise problem extends to civilian airports — about 86 civilian airports are serviced by
Air Force planes.
     Approximately 20,000 aircraft comprise the DOD inventory. 1 Figure 1 shows that
almost all of those noted exceed Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) noise standards
for civilian aircraft.2  (Military helicopters are also noisy and the Army, in particular, is
concerned.)
           MILITARY AIRCRAFT NOISE - TAKEOFI
                                • B52G .C5A
    - FAR 36 10       ^..^*"

        I  .  I  i I  .  I   .   I.I  .1.1.1
    20  30    50  70  100     200  300   500 700  10M
             MAXIMUM AIRCRAFT WEIGHT, lOOOIbs.
                                                            MILITARY AIRCRAFT NOISE - APPROACH
                             • B52H
                        • C1358  • B52C
                      KC135" • AWACS
                       •CM1
20  30    BO  70  100     200   300   500  700  1000

        MAXIMUM AIRCRAFT WEIGHT. lOOOIbs
       Figure 1. Military Aircraft Noise at Takeoff and Approach as Compared to
     Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aircraft Noise Regulations (FAR Part 36)
1. The total inventory of DOD aircraft as of 1976 is 19,877: 8,244 Air Force, 7,107 Army,
  4,526 Navy and Marine Corps. Of these, 48 percent are high-performance turbojets and
  35 percent are helicopters.
2. EPA feels current FAA noise standards for certificated jet aircraft can and should be
  lowered.
3. Paul A. Shadady, "Military Aircraft Noise," American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro-
  nautics/Society of Automotive Engineers 9th Propulsion Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada
  November 5-7,1973.
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     Apart from policies that DOD imposes on itself, there are no legal requirements to
restrict military aircraft operations and emissions. 1
     Public pressure, new laws, and increased self-awareness about noise have contributed
to forcing DOD to seek solutions. Unlike civil operators, DOD exercises direct control over
its aircraft, its airfields and its pilot and maintenance personnel. This is in stark contrast to
the extremely diffuse, overlapping and complex control framework for commercial airports.
In addition, many communities are heavily dependent upon military bases for their economic
prosperity, and since DOD represents a consolidated political power, it can readily influence
communities to take actions to control land development in the airport environs.
OVERVIEW OF DOD AIR INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE ZONE (AICUZ)

     DOD has been concerned with noise from military airfields for a long time. The birth
of the AICUZ program was formally announced in 1973 in a DOD directive2 that outlined
a program of objectives, priorities and actions to deal with the problem.
     The objectives are to protect the integrity of military operations at DOD bases and to
protect the safety, health, and welfare of the affected public.
     The stated priorities are:  one, to reduce the noise through source and operational
controls, and two, where these controls are inadequate, to take action to ensure land use
compatibility in one or more of the following ways:
     1)   provide guidelines and work with local governments to achieve land use controls,
     2)   acquire land or restrictive easements,
     3)   change the installation's mission, and
     4)   close the installation.
1. It is generally accepted that FAA noise regulations do not apply to strategic and military
  aircraft.  The Air Force, however, has a policy requiring that, where military requirements
  permit, transport aircraft must be designed to comply with FAA noise standards. (See
  Appendix C)
2. DOD Instruction 4165.57, issued July 30, 1973, has since been revised and incorporated
  into the Code of Federal Regulations. The final rule was published in the Federal
  Register on January 4, 1977.  (See Appendix C)
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     The actions to be taken include:  1) studying the problem at each airport to determine
 areas of noise impact of Ldn = 65 dB and over, 2) recommending a program of noise reduc-
 tion and land use, and 3) working with local authorities to implement the recommendations.
     Each service is to develop a schedule for implementing AICUZ and for setting priori-
 ties among the installations.  The Office of the Secretary of Defense reviews the progress
 of the overall program and alone can decide whether particular installations should be
 closed.
     Since the AICUZ program was established, the Air Force and Navy have  studied the
 problem at many of their bases where problems have been identified.  (See Appendix D
 for the current status of the AICUZ program.)  Noise reduction measures other than land
 use have been employed. Such measures include:  ground runup suppressors,  construction
 of some "hush houses,"! flight operational restrictions and modifications,  and easement
 acquisition. In essence, however, the program primarily consists  of technically assisting
 communities to enact land use planning and controls that will ensure that local development
 (of all kinds) is compatible with the noise levels (and accident threat) generated by the
 airfield. While various communities have accepted the AICUZ land-use guidelines and have
 begun to incorporate them into their ordinances, there are inherent weaknesses in exclusive
 reliance upon land use solutions:
     • They are preventive rather than remedial.  That is, they help prevent further
       enchroachment but do not help existing situations.
     • Communities are  often unable to buy up properties as a noise abatement measure
       because of the large costs involved.
     • They can be nullified by city councils who, subject to intense pressure from developers,
       may change their  zoning laws.
     • The military itself can introduce a noisier fleet of aircraft at a particular  base.
1. A "hush house" is a constructed acoustical enclosure for jet aircraft engine ground run-ups.
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                SECTION 3. NAVY APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
THE NAVY PROBLEM

     The Navy operates 70 airfieldsl at 49 installations which are generally located in heavi-
ly populated coastal areas, and therefore, faces a substantial encroachment problem. In
contrast to the Air Force, the Navy does not operate large bomber type jet aircraft.2 How-
ever, Navy training designed to simulate night-carrier operations necessitates night operations
that create special noise problems for nearby communities.
     The Navy faces various constraints in achieving noise reduction by source and opera-
tional controls (page 3-2). New quieter aircraft are very slowly being introduced to the
fleet.  Therefore, no major reduction in the noise levels around most Naval Air Installations
is likely in the near future.
NAVY REQUIREMENTS

     Navy AICUZ policy is contained in its consolidated manual of Naval Environmental
Protection instructions.3 The policy:
     • requires that each base study its noise problem, define accident potential zones
       and make actual  measurements in connection with the development of noise
       contours,
     • provides for purchases of land and easements, if necessary, to prevent rezoning, and
     • specifies constraints and guidance for types of operational controls that may be
       employed.
1. In addition, there is one joint civilian use airfield:  U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma,
  Arizona.
2. Such aircraft (e.g., B-52) are the prime contributor to noise levels at some Air Force
  installations.
3. OPNAV INST 6240.3D, Environmental Protection Manual, 4/24/75. This manual con-
  solidates all Navy AICUZ requirements since the DOD policy was initially implemented
  by the Navy in a SECNAV instruction in 1973. (See Appendix C)
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     The Navy's primary concern is accomplishing the study at each base and instilling con-
fidence in the adjoining communities as to its recommendations. The Navy approach is to
assure communities that the AICUZ studies can be relied upon for planning purposes. To
assure easy implementation, it has a "no change" policy: barring a major change in opera-
tions at a Naval airfield (such as might result with the introduction of new aircraft or a
change in the level of activity) the Navy does not intend to generate new noise contours at
the base.
Navy AICUZ Study

     The Navy AICUZ study is intended to be a planning document. It consists of a detailed
study of the noise impact and accident history of land areas adjacent to the airport and a
plan (or series of plans) to alleviate the impact. Table 1 outlines the material included in
a completed study.  Organization varies slightly among studies, but each item of the outline
is required to be included in the final study. These are the following critical features of an
AICUZ study:
     1)   Compatible use zones;
     2)   The land use matrix;
     3)   The land use plan.
     Compatible Use Zones

     The AICUZ zone is a map of the installation and its surrounding land areas which has
been divided into subzones. This map is formed by overlaying separate maps showing
noise exposure contours and accident potential zones around the installation. Each AICUZ
zone, therefore, is a combination of a noise exposure zone and an accident potential zone.
     Noise contours are generated through use of a computer. The Navy verifies the results
with actual measurements at selected locations in the airfields environs.  Until recently,
Navy studies used the Composite Noise Rating (CNR) and Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF)
aircraft environment noise descriptors; more recent ones use the Ldn general environmental
               P
noise descriptor.  Inputs consist of flight operations and ground engine testing data including
flight paths, number of flights, time of day, number and duration of ground run-ups and noise
levels generated by each type of aircraft.

1. Depending on activity size, however, the Navy does plan to update its studies on a 3 to 6
   year cycle.
2. DOD policy now requires exclusive use of the Ldn descriptor (see Appendix C for appro-
   priate reference).
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                             Table 1. Navy AICUZ Study Outline
1 - AICUZ SUMMARY
2-INTRODUCTION
3 - EXISTING CONDITIONS
4 - AICUZ DEVELOPMENT
5 - COMPATIBLE LAND USE
6 - IMPLEMENTATION
• summary of incompatibility issue
- description of problem near the installation/hgihlights of study
 results
• explanation of AICUZ concept/objectives/study assumptions
- description of installtion/surround community /interrelationships

- installation history
- operations (mission, aircraft type, flight paths, runway utilization,
 maintenance testing, safety record, future changes, and operations
 changes already made to reduce noise)
- physical setting
 population
 local and regional governmental/planning structure economy
- existing and projected land use patterns
 development pressures and trends
 land development regulations

 noise environment (narrative and graphic discussion of noise
 exposure and land use suitability)
- accident potential environment (narrative and graphic discussion
 of accident potential zones and land use suitability based on local
 conditions)
- conceptual development of the AICUZ (combining of noise
 contours,  accident potential zones and land use objectives matrix/
 detailed compatibility rationale)
• land development and building construction effects and legal
 aspects

 land use analysis (narrative and graphic discussion of compatibility
 relating to existing and projected land use)
- methods of achieving compatibility (general discussion of all
 regulatory and acquisition strategies available)

 recommended community/regional action (e.g. noise ordinance,
 zoning, building code amendments, tax incentives, utility restric-
 tions, financial institution restrictions)
- priorities for community  action
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     Accident potential zones are not as accurately formulated. They are based on analyses
of the accident histories of each type of aircraft operating from the installation and the
accident history of the installation itself.
     A baseline AICUZ map is required to be used to consider the predicted effects of
source and operations controls.  If changes are made,-^ a new AICUZ map will be drawn to
reflect these effects before land  use plans are developed.
     Figure 2 shows the noise contours and accident potential zones for Naval Air Station
Cecil Field, Florida. Note that the impacted area with the Ltfn = 65 dB contour can cover a
considerable area.
     Land Use Matrix

     The land-use matrix is the basic planning tool of the AICUZ study.  It is a table that
compares various land uses with the AICUZ zones to show which uses are compatible, com-
patible with restrictions, or incompatible in each zone.  The land uses considered will vary
depending on existing land uses and zoning in the vicinity of the installation.2 In determin-
ing the relative compatiblity of a particular use in any zone, the Navy requires that such
factors be considered as the density of development, concentration of people and noise
attenuation requirements in local building codes. Figures 3 and 4 show the basic and
expanded matrices for Naval Air Station Cecil Field. Naval land use matrices vary among
installations.  (Air Force matrices are uniform.) Figure 4 shows a portion of an expanded
land use matrix for NAS Cecil Field. The "Land Use Objectives Amplified" in this case
is a recent development not contained in most completed studies.3 The numbers contained
1. Although the Navy faces various constraints in making operational changes (see page 3-12),
  certain installations have reportedly made some significant ones. At Miramar NAS
  California, for example, a base where the problem of encroachment is particularly acute,
  the following operational changes have been made:
  • limit of four aircraft in field carrier landing practice pattern;
  • time limit on night operations;
  • securing after burners of departing aircraft prior to crossing the station boundary;
  • executing an "s" turn on departure to avoid developed areas.
  Hush houses have also been constructed.
2. For example, the land use matrix  for Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Hawaii, reflects
  open ventilation, commonly used  in buildings in Hawaii.
3. The land use categories are taken  from the Department of Commerce's Standard Land
  Use Coding Manual.

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                                               GHfil
                                                  CMR1
                                                  noise ratings
                                       accident potential zones  A
Figure 2. Composite Noise Rating and Accident Potential Zones:
             Naval Air Station Cecil Field, Florida
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                                      z! residential - mobile home
                                        residential - agricultural
                                        residential - single family (1-5 du/ac)
                                        residential  medium density (5-15 du/ac)
                                        residential - high density (over 15 du/ac)
                                        residential - transient lodging
                                        schools, libraries, churches
                                        hospitals, nursing home
                                        commercial -retail, movie theaters, restaurants
                                        commercial - wholesale
                                        office - personal, business & professional
                                        industrial - service
                                        industrial   manufacturing
                                        manufacturing, communication (noise sensitive)
                                        neighborhood parks, playgrounds
                                        sports arenas, outdoor spectator sports
                                        golf courses, riding stables
                                        water   recreational
                                        auditoriums, concert halls, music shells
                                        livestock farming, animal breeding
                                        agriculture (except livestock) mining
                                        transportation, utilities
                                        public right-of-way
                                        extensive natural  recreational areas
     I no new
                              no restriction
I    "I restricted new
      development
           land use | 5
objectives  matrix | J
  Figure 3. Basic Land Use Matrix:  Naval Air Station Cecil Field, Florida
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    NO NEW DEVELOPMENT
    RESTRICTED NEW DEVELOPMENT
    NO RESTRICTIONS
                     NAVY
                     AICUZ  LAND USE
             OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
LAND USE
CATEGORY
AICUZ AREA
     B-3
B-2
C-3
C-2
C-l
RESIDENTIAL
 SINGLE FAMILY
 TWO-FOUR FAMILY
 MULTI-FAMILY ARTS
 GROUP QUARTERS
 RESIDENTIAL HOTELS
 MOBILE HOMES/COURTS
 TRANSIENT LODGING
 OTHER RES/RES AGRIC.
INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTUR-
 FOOD 8 KINDRED PROD'T
 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
 APPAREL
 LUMBER/WOOD
 FURNITURE/FIXTURES
 PAPER/ALLIED PRODUCTS
 PRINTING/PUBLISHING
 CHEMICALS/ALLIED PROOS ^^
PETROLEUM REFINING 8
  RELATED PRODUCTS
Figure 4. Portion of Modified Land Use Matrix: Naval Air Station Cecil Field, Florida
                              3-7

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in various boxes within the matrix refer to explanations of the restrictions placed upon
development in each individual zone. The full matrix and explanatory notes are contained
in Appendix E. The purpose of the expanded matrix is to provide communities with a broad
range of alternative compatible land uses while likewise indicating more specifically those
that are incompatible.
     Land Use Plan

     The land use plan is the culmination of the study:  it translates the matrix into a set
of specific objectives for compatibility in each AICUZ zone by discussing potential incom-
patible tracts of land in each zone.  The goal of the plan is to prevent future incompatible
development; it is not to alter existing incompatible land use. The implementation strategy
emphasizes continuing contacts with local officials and the public. While details of the
strategy will depend upon local circumstances several features are common:
     • close contact with the local zoning board to obtain favorable zoning within AICUZ,
     • a public information campaign to disseminate the results of the study and the Navy's
       recommendations to the community, and
     • the setting of priorities as to which individual AICUZ zones present the most
       immediate problems (those zones where compatible development is most likely).
If it appears that acquisition of land or restrictive easements will be necessary, this will not
be reflected in the land use plan which is promulgated to the communities. 1


Environmental Impact Assessment

    The Navy requires that probable environmental impacts of any action be assessed as
early as practical (and reassessed at significant decision points).  If it appears  that the
 . The stated reason for the omission is that purchases are limited by the amount of funds
  available and are, therefore, concluded based on priorities set by Navy Headquarters and
  by Major Claimants (Commander U.S. Naval Air Forces, Atlantic and Pacific). Land
  acquisition also is a long term and costly alternative and is a "last resort" approach.
  Were the Navy seemingly to commit itself to purchasing land, this could inhibit local
  action in curbing noise and lead to local speculation in lands about the airfield vicinity.
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proposed action will have a significant adverse impact or be controversial for environmental
reasons, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is prepared. If the action obviously has
no significant impact and is not highly controversial, an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) is prepared.  (An EIA is a memorandum covering the same technical areas that the
Navy would include in an EIS.)
     The Navy's position is that an AICUZ study is an action not resulting in any significant
adverse environmental impacts (the results are considered environmentally beneficial). Thus
an EIA, rather than an EIS, is prepared (which need not be forwarded for approval and may
not appear in some AICUZ studies). This is because the study includes information on pro-
spective purchase of land or restrictive easements may  be highly controversial and could
trigger land speculation around the base. In these cases, where the Navy does decide to pur-
chase land  or restrictive easements, an EIS, based upon the original EIA, will be prepared
prior to acquisition.
NAVAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AICUZ PROGRAM

     The Navy implements AICUZ through an organization described in Appendix F and
through actions described below.
     The Navy gives the Commanding Officers of its air installations wide discretion in
attempting to influence community action with respect to AICUZ. (An ongoing "issue"
within the Navy, in fact, is the extent to which they should be advocates of specific action
in such communities.)  Once the study is developed, it is presented to the community.
Commanding Officersl are personally involved in giving presentations to interested groups,
including civic clubs, financial leaders and city councils. (In some cases, the Navy even has
direct participation in city councils, i.e. can vote). Concurrently, the Navy distributes the
study widely to governmental agencies, civic groups, land owners, Chambers of Commerce
and libraries.
1. These officers are given guidance in the form of case studies from other installations and
  aids such as slide shows and movies. The AICUZ study itself may contain specific recom-
  mendations. For example, the study for Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Hawaii, recom-
  mends that base personnel approach the staff of the State of Hawaii Department of
  Planning and Economic Development to seek inclusion of restrictions on land uses per-
  mitted around airports in the State's land use guidance policy.
                                        3-9

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     The Navy has developed certain tools to promote local governmental action, including
a model zoning ordinance and building code amendments.
     The Navy also encourages communities to adopt real estate "truth in sales and rental"
ordinances.  This ordinance requires an individual selling or renting residential property
located within the boundaries of an AICUZ to provide each potential purchaser or renter
with a disclosure statement.  The Navy's sample disclosure statement indicates:
     • the proximity of the property to the airfield,
     • the noise level to which the property is exposed, and
     • the suitability of the site for residential use (employing the HUD noise standards for
       airport environs).
     The Navy's various public relations aids include a slide presentation and movie, available
to the installations through the Engineering Field Divisions. Headquarters personnel are
available to speak to  local groups particularly at the presentation of a newly completed
study.
     The Navy periodically conducts a AICUZ training course which is a two-day seminar
attended principally by installation personnel (commanding officers, executive officers, and
air operations officers) although it is open to representatives of other agencies.
     When development trends indicate that locally implemented land use controls may be
insufficient to prevent incompatible development, the Navy feels only three major options
remain:
     • state legislation
     • land acquisition, and
     • mission changes or installation closing.
     The Navy supports State airport land-use planning legislation. In cases where all else
fails, the Navy will consider acquiring land or restrictive easements.  This is a method that
can prove quite costly. Estimates for certain individual easement purchases are in the millions
of dollars. (Navy policy, however, clearly states that this is a viable alternative.)  Where pur-
chases are recommended, the Commander US Naval Air Forces (Atlantic or Pacific) in the
role of Major Claimant will set priorities among different installations.
1. This is in contrast to EPA's "Model Community Noise Ordinance" which is intended to be
  a basic tool that communities can use to construct noise control ordinances suited to local
  needs and conditions; the Navy's model is limited to land use planning in airfield environs.
  It contains no provisions for source control.
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     The Navy has never closed an air installation solely due to encroachment but in some
cases, this has been a significant factor. It has also been a significant factor in evaluating the
future mission of the air installation. Downgrading of an installation may lead to its closing
in the future.
Experiences in Implementation

     In general, an installation program is considered successful to the extent that it prevents
incompatible development near the airfield. Commanding Officers also watch the level of
complaints as it fluctuates. A "successful" program is judged to be one in which the number
of complaints diminishes.
     As of December, 1976, 28 Navy AICUZ studies (of a projected 67) had been completed
and approved. (Appendix D contains the current status of the AICUZ program at all Naval
and Marine Corps air installations). While the degree of success achieved at different installa-
tion varies with the local situation, the studies have been generally accepted in principle by
the communities affected.
     Individual Successes

     A highly successful AICUZ program is reported in progress at Naval Air Training Center,
Patuxent River, Maryland.  The Planning Commission of St. Mary's County has adopted (with
the assistance of the Navy) a zoning ordinance that directly incorporates the land use matrix
and recommendations of the NATC Patuxent River AICUZ study, FAA height restrictions
and State of Maryland noise control and land use provisions.  Naval Air Station Cecil Field,
Florida, consists of two airfields (the main base at NAS Cecil Field and an auxiliary and train-
ing field, Outlying Field Whitehouse).  A proposed residential development within the AICUZ
boundary of Outlying Field Whitehouse was rejected by local zoning officials and the land is now
now being developed  compatibly for industrial use.
                                         3-11

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Problems in Implementation (Navy)

     In implementing its AICUZ program, the Navy has encountered certain difficulties.


     1) Resistance to Rezoning

     It is very difficult, once a section of land has been zoned for a high density use (one
involving regular use of the land by large numbers of people — residential as opposed to
agricultural for instance) to have it down-zoned.
     If the land has not actually been developed, the Navy may still purchase restrictive
easements. Lawsuits have been filed against community zoning authorities who have down-
zoned  land on the legal grounds that this represents a taking of existing property rights and
values.  The number of suits has been small but some communities (such as Virginia Beach,
Virginia where Naval Air Station Oceana is located) have indicated to the Navy that they do
not feel that they can successfully down-zone property. This is a particularly serious prob-
lem for the Navy since the locations of its airfields are in high population density coastal
areas where development pressures are high.


     2) Limitations on Operational Changes

     Naval air stations are auxiliaries to aircraft carriers and missions (particularly training
flights) flown from them are to support fleet carrier operations. Carrier landings are accom-
plished at full power so that if the pilot misses the touchdown point he has the power to
take-off immediately. Carrier take-offs require the pilot to perform an immediate left-hand
turn to avoid the bow of the carrier. Training flights practicing these maneuvers are common
at Naval airfields, since the Navy wants to simulate carrier conditions as closely as possible.
     In terms of AICUZ, this means that some very noisy operations following fixed flight
paths may be dififcult to change. However, decisions on operational changes are made on
the basis of an overall weighing of costs and benefits (assuming no serious impairment to
safety or operational capabilities) and some significant operational changes are made. A
dramatic example of where operational changes lowered noise impact is Naval Air Station,
1. Re-zoned from a high to a low density use, which generally means a loss of property value.
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Barbers Point, Oahu, Hawaii, where, as a result of eliminating the left-hand flight path, the
land area within the AICUZ was reduced by half.
     4) Difficulties in Funding

     The AICUZ program was developed by DOD as a response to the encroachment problem
around military airfields, not to comply with a specific legal compliance requirement. Environ-
mental activities within the Navy's environmental protection program that are undertaken to
comply with legal requirements receive priority over AICUZ. While a lack of funding should
not severely impair the implementation of the land use plan and public awareness strategy, it
can affect noise suppression projects-^ or acquisition of land or interest in  land.
     The Navy estimates that the cost of its program, including acquisition of land and
restrictive easements, could be as high as $200 million dollars.
HOW OTHERS INFLUENCE THE NAVY STUDIES

     The Navy is anxious to communicate the results and recommendations of its AICUZ
studies to all concerned. While the public, states local governments and other Federal
agencies (barring unusual circumstances) do not comment formally on the studies prior to
their issuance, localities to varying extents are involved in the actual development of the
studies. Copies of completed studies are forwarded to such interested Federal agencies as
HUD, VA, and EPA. Copies are also widely distributed in airport environs communities
(at libraries, etc.). The Navy also provides them to State and area intergovernmental clearing
houses (established under OMB Circular A-95).
The Navy and Federal Housing Agencies

     The Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Veterans Administration
utilize the Navy contours in implementing their own noise policies in airport environs. The
1. For example, the Navy presently has one hush house for maintenance testing of engines at
  Naval Air Station Miramar and is constructing two additional hush houses at a cost of
  approximately $2 million each.
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Navy actively encourages private lenders to follow the lead of these agencies in refusing to
guarantee development loads in high noise areas. Navy AICUZ noise land use recommenda-
tions are consistent with those of HUD. (In fact, HUD's pioneering efforts in the noise land
use area were utilized by the Navy in developing their program). Both agencies are provided
copies of all AICUZ studies.
The Navy and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

     Navy representatives are assigned to each of five FAA regional offices (Eastern, Southern,
Pacific, Southwest and Western). Their principal concern is with airspace regulation. Flight
paths near Naval airfields are frequently restricted by FAA because of the airspace needs of
commercial and general aviation. The Navy representatives are familiar with AICUZ though
they seldom handle AICUZ or noise matters.
     At the Navy's only joint use installation, Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona,
the county is attempting to obtain funds from the FAA's Airport Development Assistance
Program (ADAP) to aid the AICUZ program.
The Navy and Environmental Protection Agency

     Direct contact between EPA and the Navy has been limited. The Navy's decision to
adopt L^ for all future AICUZ studies was a significant action involving the two agencies.
     A problem which the Navy has faced at some of its installations is the expansion of
local utility systems which can spur residential (and other) development in areas deemed
incompatible within the noise environments of the Naval Airfield. Since EPA administers
a multi-billion dollar water pollution grant program for the construction of waste water
facilities, EPA should ensure its actions in that area do not conflict with the  overall AICUZ
plan of assuring compatibility of the airport with noise sensitive land uses.
                                         3-14

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              SECTION 4.  AIR FORCE APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
THE AIR FORCE PROBLEM

     The Air Force operates approximately 200 airfields including 86 joint-use civilian
airports.   The bulk are concentrated in southern and coastal States; nearly all face a variety
of encroachment situations. Most face development problems in varying degrees although
some, such as Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, are reportedly virtually free of incom-
patible development. In the past, several Air Force installations have ceased flying opera-
tions or closed entirely due, in part, to action by homeowners who unknowingly purchased
homes too close to the bases. The problem of encroachment is accentuated by the fact that
many Air Force aircraft are heavy, (and noisy) multi-engine types, such as the B-52.
     There are some factors unique to the Air Force which should result in long-term
reduction of the noise problem at many bases even if AICUZ were not implemented:
     1) Several new aircraft such as the F-15, F-16, and A-10 and B-l may replace older
        noisier aircraft in the next few years. This will have at least two effects:
        •  it will require amendments to AICUZ  maps where they have been completed, and
        •  it will result in assignment of some older, noisier aircraft to Air Force Reserve and
           Air National Guard units at joint-use airports.
     2) On a long range basis, the use of flight simulators will reduce the number of missions
        flown by the Air Force. Training bases will be the most directly affected category.
AIR FORCE REQUIREMENTS

     Air Force AICUZ policy is not as yet contained in a single regulation, but in a number
of separate issuances.
1. In addition, as of 1973, seven Air Force bases were being used by civilian aircraft.
2. The policy was initially implemented by a letter dated October 27, 1973, containing
  guidance material, from USAF Headquarters, to each of the USAF fifteen major commands
  (such as SAC). The letter was followed by a policy statement which gave a more substan-
  tive outline of the program. Other issuances are also pertinent — see Appendix C.
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     The goals of the policy are the same as the Office of the Secretary of Defense and
Navy: 1) protect base operational integrity, and 2) protect the public health and welfare.
The approach differs slightly in that it reflects an almost exclusive reliance on land use solu-
tions to the problem. The Air Force will not purchase land or rights in land as a noise con-
trol measure (only in the highest accident hazard  area). Air Force AICUZ policy does not
mention source control, although operational change analyses are to be conducted at each
base as part of the AICUZ studies to identify whether operational changes to reduce noise
impact are possible and desirable (see AFR 55-34 below). (Such changes are to be employed
only when they will not jeopardize safety or operational effectiveness.)
     The Air Force does not intend for its AICUZ studies  to be incorporated directly  into
local ordinances, although it feels this, in some cases, may be desirable. It regards these
studies only as one very important input element  to the local planning process. The Air
Force AICUZ studies emphasize that the planning process  is a dynamic one, and therefore,
anticipates revising its studies as necessary (and consequently, its recommendations) from
time to time as missions and conditions change.
     The Air Force program stresses intergovernmental coordination on all levels with respect
to its AICUZ program. Applicable Federal agencies (e.g. HUD and EPA) as well as State
land-use planning or environmental agencies are required to be kept closely informed of Air
Force AICUZ actions.
Environmental Regulations

    The Air Force maintains various environmental planning policies and programs which
affect the implementation of AICUZ:
    •  Reducing Flight Distrubances — AFR 55-34,
    •  Protection and Enhancement of Environmental Quality-AFR 19-1,
    •  Environmental Assessments and Statements — AFR 19-2,
    •  Coastal Zone Management (CZM),
    •  Evaluation, review and coordination of Federal and Federally assisted programs and
        projects — OMB Circular A-95,
    •  Airfield and Airspace Criteria — AFM 86-8,
    •   Conservation and Management of Natural Resources - AFM 126-1,
                                       4-2

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     •  Base Master Planning — AFR 86-4,
     •  Tab A-l Environmental Narrative,
     •  Management and Conservation of Land AFR 91-26,
     •  Explosive Safety - AFM 127-100 and
     •  Airspace Management — AFR 55-2.
The first three relate directly to the AICUZ program; the others provide an overall frame-
work of Air Force environmental programs.
     AFR 55-34, "Reducing Flight Distrubances," provides detailed guidance concerning
operational controls and public relations. Base commanders are required to continually
review and evaluate flight operations in terms of their impact on populated areas and the
local situation (for example, some flight paths may not be alterable due to the proximity of
commerical  or general aviation flight paths). The types of changes to be assessed include:
     •  use of preferential runways,
     •  avoidance of traffic patterns that affect populated areas,
     •  adjustment of take-off and landing techniques,
     •  locations of engine run-up pads, other than pre-flight, and use of maximum sound
        suppression devices for ground run-ups,
     •  location of engine test stands and,
     •  controls on low altitude operations.
     As a result of implementation of operational changes under AFR 55-34, few additional
changes are usually required as part of AICUZ.
     In order to minimize complaints (and  damage claims) resulting from sonic booms, the
Air Force has established minimum altitude and flight paths for supersonic operations. A
sonic boom reporting system has  been established containing consolidated data on supe-
sonic flights so that complaints can be readily investigated.
     AFR 19-1, "Protection and Enhancement of Environmental Quality," sets Air Force
general policy towards reduction  and prevention of all pollution from Air Force operations.
It requires that a multi-disciplinary Environmental Protection Committee be  established at
1. A number of AICUZ studies (including those at March AFB, California, and Myrtle Beach
  AFB, South Carolina) conclude that present operations at the base are achieving maximum
  possible noise control without impairing the operational capabilities of the base.
                                        43

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Headquarters, at each Major Command, and at each installation. Air Force AICUZ policy
recommends using this committee in the implementation of the AICUZ program.
     APR 19-2, "Environmental Assessments and Statements," outlines procedures for
completing various environmental assessments (including Candidate Environmental State-
ments and Draft and Firal EIS's).
The Air Force AICUZ Study

     Air Force AICUZ studies are characterized by their:
     •  Relative brevity (they contain summaries of input data rather than detailed
        compliations);
     •  Uniformity (much of the material, including land use matrices is identical among
        different studies);
     e  Detailed discussions of existing and future development.
     Table 2 contains a detailed outline of material appearing in a typical Air Force AICUZ
study.
     Figure 5 presents a portion of the standard land use matrix that appears in all Air
Force studies. (Note the caveat at the bottom of the chart stating that communities should
not adopt these directly into  their ordinances without further evaluation). The complete
matrix, including a full explanation of the symbols used, appears in Appendix E.
Environmental Impact Assessment

     Since the Air Force considers an AICUZ study to be only a statement of information,
not a major Federal action affecting the environment, it does not perform an environmental
assessment as part of an AICUZ study. If, however, land acquisition is planned, an assess-
ment is made (which may lead to an EIS). Any significant operational change at a base (such
as the introduction of new aircraft) would also require an environmental assessment.^
1. The individual land use categories and the code numbers in the left hand column were
  developed by the Department of Commerce.
2. An example of where the introduction of new aircraft significantly affected the noise
  environment is the introduction of the AW ACS aircraft at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma.  These
  aircraft will be phased in over a 5-year period and will raise the Ldn.
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                                   Table 2. Air Force Study Outline
Summary and Conclusions
Series of brief statements including:
   the problem of encroachment
   the AICUZ concept
   implementation of AICUZ at the base
   the results of the study
   recommendations for community action
I - Introduction
                                         Problem of encroachment
                                            general nature of problem
                                            problem at the base
                                            purpose of the AICUZ concept
                                         Land Use development policies
                                         Study objectives and content
                                            presentation of the Air Force's perspective
                                            objectives to analyze the effects of noise and accident
                                               potential on adjacent communities
                                            outline of remainder of report
II - Base and Community
History of base
Communities (politican units) affected
Base mission
Economic impact of the base on the community
Population growth and characteristics
Climatology
Transportation
    AICUZ Concept, Program
    and Methodology
Background - history of AICUZ from Greenbelt and general
   environmental concerns
Air Force policy
Flying operations (narrative and graphic)
   types of aircraft
   flight paths utilized
Airfield Environs land use planning determinants
   Accident potential zones (narrative and graphic)
      discussion of accident potential in general and
      presentation of zones at the base
   Noise contours (narrative and graphic) brief statement
      of methodology and  contours for  Ldn 65-70-75-80
   Height, obstructions and other considerations
Basic  land use compatibility - discussion of relationship of
   broad land use categories to accident potential and noise
IV  Base AICUZ
Combination of accident potential and noise zones into
   compatible use districts (narrative and graphic)
Presentation and discussion land use compatibility guidelines
   (matrix)
Discussion of existing land uses and land use policy
Future land use policy - discussion of development trends
Future conditions - discussion of specific potential
   incompatible development

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                        Table 2.  Air Force Study Outline  (Continued)
V  Air Force Responsibility
General
   reduce noise
   participate in local planning
Discussion of base participation in local planning
VI - Community Responsibility
General recommendations as to community planning
Specific recommendations relating to potential incompatible
   development
Appendices
Base mission - detailed discussion
Operational change evaluation - changes considered and
   reasons for adoption or rejection
Accident potential study - discussion of general concept
Noise environment - discussion of noise methodology
Height and obstruction criteria
                                             4-6

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SLUCM*
CODE

11x
11x
11x
12
13
14
15
19

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

LAND USE CATEGORY
RESIDENTIAL
Single Family
Two Family
Multi-family dwelling
Group quarters
Residential hotels
Mobile home parks or courts
Transient lodging — hotels, motels
Other residential
INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURINGS
Food and kindred product
Textile mill products
Apparel
Lumber & wood products
Furniture & fixtures
Paper & allied products
Printing, publishing
Chemicals & allied products
Petroleum refining and related
industries
COMPATIBLE USE DISTRICTS
1
Ldn
85

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
2
APZ
I
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
y3,4

N
3
APZ
I
kin
75-80

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y3,5

N
4
APZ
1
kin
70-75

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y3,6

N
5
APZ
1
Ldn
65-70

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y3

N
6
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4

Y4
7
Ldn
75-80

N
N
N
N
N
N
352
N

Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5

Y5
8
APZ
II
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Y4
N
N
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y3,4

N
9
APZ
II
Ldn
75-80

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Y5
N
N
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y3,5

N
10
APZ
II
Ldn
70-75

301-2
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Y6
N
N
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y3,6

N
11
APZ
II
Ldn
65-70

251-2
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y3

N
12
Ldn
70-75

302
302
302
302
302
302
302
302

Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6

Y6
13
Ldn
65-70

252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

N
 This table is a guide. Adaptations to fit local conditions and more precise land use category designations are required based on the criteria of
 the foregoing narrative.
*Standard Land Use Coding Manual, Dept. of Commerce, 1965
                             Figure 5. Portion of Air Force Land Use Compatibility Guidelines

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               •  N (NO)                         — The land use and related structures are not compatible and should be prohibited.
               •  Y (YES)                        — The land use and related structures are compatible without restriction and should be considered.
               •  Yx (YES WITH RESTRICTIONS)  — The land use and related structures are generally compatible; however, some special factors
                                                    should be considered.
               •  35, 30 or 25                     — The land use is generally compatible; however, a Noise Level Reduction of 35, 30 or 25 must be
                                                    incorporated into the design and construction of the structure.
               •  35X, 30X or 25X                 — The land use is generally compatible with NLR; however, such NLR does not necessarily solve
                                                    noise difficulties and additional evaluation is warranted.
00
                                  Figure 5.  Portion of Air Force Land Use Compatibility Guidelines (Continued)

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AIR FORCE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AICUZ PROGRAM

     Appendix F sets forth details concerning the organization and mechanics of the
program.
     In sum, a six-phased program is envisioned at each base:
     1)  organization and data acquisition,
     2)  review and refinement,
     3)  noise analysis,
     4)  AICUZ maps and land use plans,
     5)  presentation and implementation, and
     6)  maintenance.
     The Air Force emphasizes coordination with other Federal agencies up to the fifth
stage but not  with state and local governments. It is at this fifth stage that actual "imple-
mentation" begins with a formal presentation to community officials. The Air Force presen-
tation stresses the need for joint planning between the base and the community. The Air
Force thereupon ensures a wide distribution of copies of the studies, but feels that the suc-
cess of the program now depends on the actions of the community. The Air Force, unlike
the Navy, will not buy interests in land for noise abatement purposes exclusively, and does
not campaign, as noted previously, to actively gain direct incorporation of the recommenda-
tions into community ordinances. (These differences in the approaches of the services are
summarized in Appendix A.)


Experiences in Implementation

     There is no precise measure of the success of the program. In terms of protecting
operations, no base has been closed by the Air Force due to encroachment, though it has
been a factor  in some closings (such as Lowry AFB in Denver, Colorado, and Laredo AFB
in Laredo, Texas).
     Since the AICUZ program was initiated in 1973, no lawsuits relating to the AICUZ
program have been filed against the Air Force. The Air Force feels that this indicates a
general acceptance of the validity of the AICUZ methodology and the success of the pro-
gram. (Some suits against local authorities have resulted from individual zoning decisions
when they involved down-zoning of property).
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     Individual Successes

     There are 42 Air Force AICUZ studies completed and implemented as of December,
1976 (Phases V and VI).  (Appendix D contains the current status of the AICUZ program at
Air Force installations.)  Only one, (England AFB, Louisiana), has been rejected by local
authorities although some (such as Castle AFB, California, Eglin AFB, Florida and Tinker
AFB, Oklahoma) have been controversial.  At Castle AFB, conflict developed over the
Department of Housing and Urban Development's use of the noise contours.  According to
HUD noise policy, HUD assistance will not be granted where noise levels are judged incom-
patible with residential land uses.
     A number of communities have adopted or amended comprehensive plans and zoning
ordinances incorporating AICUZ recommendations. Others have denied incompatible devel-
opment proposals and  in several cases developers have voluntarily accepted AICUZ recommen-
dations. An example is that developed by a four-county commission around Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio. The ordinance:
     •  establishes a four-county commission to regulate all zoning around Wright-Patterson
        AFB;
     ฎ  establishes an airport environs map which is divided into districts coinciding with
        the AICUZ Compatible Use Districts;
     •  prescribes land uses which may be permitted in each district and sound level
        reductions through noise insulation that may be required for various uses and;
     •  provides for reimbursement to owners for loss of property value.
     Another example is that of the Hill AFB, Utah environs. The State legislature recently
approved a sum of $1,000,000.00 to purchase easements in accident potential zones. This is
significant because of the Air Force's policy of purchasing only a minimal amount of land or
easements generally limited to clear zones.
Problems in Implementation

     Release of certain AICUZ studies has triggered intense controversies, some of which
have attracted national attention.  Two prime examples are those of Castle Air Force Base,
California, and Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. In each case, the study-in the short run-
seemed to heighten conflict rather than act as a source of information for planners to use in
                                        410

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the development of local plans and ordinances. In the case of Castle AFB, the Air Force
was criticized in Congress for "lack of coordination" and "faulty contours".
     The Air Force believes part of this problem of adverse publicity stems from the lack of
universal use of a noise descriptor such as Ldn. The present situation of a proliferation of
descriptors is a significant barrier to communication. Part of it the Air Force feels, also
stems from an ignorance or misunderstanding of the Air Force contours.
     These controversies involve the application of the HUD noise policy in these areas as
well as the Air Force policy itself. In fact, it appeared to some observers that the Castle
situation became a debate over whether there should be a Federal noise land-use policy at
all! In each of these two cases, existing noise contours were revised in light of operational
changes at the bases. The new contours were not only more extensive but utilized a differ-
ent descriptor: theL^jj. HUD's standards utilize either NEF or CNR. In the affected areas,
pressures to develop were great. To some developers, it  appeared that the new contours
arbitrarily covered chunks of land not heretofore covered and were expressed in a language
that seemed incompatible with the HUD standards.
     The Navy has not had problems at its bases which have escalated into national con-
troversies of this type. However, the nature of the Navy problem is different. The Navy
does not seem to expect the  often significant changes (from the point of view of noise
impact) in mission and operations at its bases that the Air Force does.  There are no known
cases where Naval operational changes have actually resulted in dramatically enlarging
existing noise contours such  as has happened in these cases.
HOW OTHERS CAN INFLUENCE AIR FORCE STUDIES

     There are no formal procedures for public participation; however, as part of Phase I
activities, the base office of information is to identify interested organizations and indiviuals.
Implementation and maintenance of the AICUZ likewise require public contact. These are
the times when citizen input would be most readily accepted.
     The Air Force  program lends itself to public  input throughout the process because it
relies so heavily on local planning and because the Air Force views the AICUZ study as a
"living" document.
                                        4-11

-------
Air Force Help for States and Local Governments

     Approximately 86 civilian airfields are used by Air Force units (principally Air Force
Reserve and Air National Guard). At these airfields the Air Force will furnish the proprietor
with:
     •  operations data for Air Force activities at the airport and
     •  an explanation of the AICUZ program.
     The Air Force is in  an excellent position to assist civilian airports in developing their
noise abatement programs. In addition to providing operations data on military aircraft at
civilian airfields to the proprietors, the Air Force makes available to the public its guidance
documents upon which its studies are based. The computerized model which the Air Force
uses to generate noise contours should soon be available on Control Data Corporation's
CYBERNET system. This computer time sharing system may be used from a remote loca-
tion via a computer terminal and telephone connection. By collecting their own operations
data and using the model on CYBERNET, civilian airports could generate their own noise
contours relatively inexpensively.
Air Force and Federal Housing Agencies

     HUD's and VA's noise policies are significant to AICUZ because they can aid in
preventing further incompatible residential development at the airfield. Air Force Regional
Representatives have been assigned the following coordination role with HUD:
     •  Notify the appropriate HUD Environmental and Standards Officers of AICUZ
        programs, schedules and requirements;
     •  Receive and evaluate from HUD Environmental and Standards Officers (in cooper-
        ation with the base) overview summaries of HUD commitments and appraisals of
        development trends near bases.
1. Except as required for environmental inpact assessments and statements, noise contours
  and accident potential zones will not be plotted, nor will any work be done to determine
  operations data for civilian flights. The use of data is left entirely to the airport propri-
  etor.  This has further significance in that as the Air Force replaces one generation of air-
  craft with a  newer one, the older and, therefore, often noisier aircraft are typically assigned
  to Reserve and National Guard units to replace still older types.
                                       4-12

-------
     •  Notify HUD Environmental and Standards Officers, Major Commands, bases and
        AF Headquarters of potential problems.
     •  Prior to the publication of AICUZ reports, receive from HUD Environmental and
        Standards Officers and evaluate (in cooperation with the base) all proposals for
        HUD assistance or  mortgage insurance in the vicinity of bases.
     •  Notify HUD Environmental and Standards Officers, Major Commands, bases and
        AF Headquarters of evaluations.
     •  Following publication of AICUZ reports, receive from HUD Environmental and
        Standards Officers, all proposals for HUD  assistance or mortgage insurance in the
        vicinity of bases and insure that AICUZ recommendations are considered by HUD,
        and,
     •  Coordinate and cooperate  as required.
No similar guidelines have as yet been developed for VA.


Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration

     The Air Force officers are assigned to each FAA Regional Office to deal with matters
of airspace control.  In addition, the two agencies are  both concerned for operations at the
86 civilian airports that are used jointly by the Air Force. Finally, each Air Force base is to
advise FAA of its AICUZ plans, particularly in regard to operational changes. While there
are a number of direct contact points between the two organizations, day-to-day contacts,
especially at headquarters level, have been limited.  The potential for development of an
AICUZ concept at joint use airports seems substantial.


Air Force and Environmental Protection Agency

     EPA regions can influence the  development of the AICUZ study.
     As with Navy, EPA can help Air Force by ensuring that its "208" areawide Waste
Treatment Management Program is being carried out so as not to spur incompatible develop-
ment within the AICUZ.
     The Air Force feels that communication  among affected parties in the planning process
would be facilitated were the Ljn descriptor, recommended by EPA, be adopted universally.
                                       4-13

-------
    EPA has done some noise surveys in the environs of some bases (such as Pease AFB,
New Hampshire and Luke AFB,  Arizona).  The Air Force feels that communication could
be improved through closer attention to the timing and quality of EPA reporting to Air
Force on its activities.
                                     4-14

-------
          APPENDIX A

OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
 NAVY AND AIR FORCE APPROACHES

-------
     Air Force and Navy approaches are both within the guidelines of Department of
Defense AICUZ policy and are similar in purpose and substance. However, operational
and situational differences are reflected in slightly different approaches to the problem.
These differences are set out below.
THE AICUZ STUDY: PLANNING vs INFORMATION

     The Navy views an AICUZ study as a community planning study which analyzes
community development on an areawide basis and emphasizes the need of compatibility
near the installation. The study contains various specific recommendations which the Navy
promotes. Land use matrices vary from study to study to account for local circumstances.
     The Air Force views an AICUZ study as an informational document intended to
present the community with the noise and accident situation around the air base and to
show community officials what types of development are compatible near the base. The
Air Force presents a baseline position (the Land Use Guidelines are the same for all studies
— see Appendix E) while advising the community to consider local circumstances when
evaluating the AICUZ study. The Air Force study does include recommendations regard-
ing potential problem areas on an individual basis but not as an overall community land
use plan.
OPERATIONAL CHANGES

     Navy AICUZ studies generally are more detailed than Air Force studies. This is par-
ticularly true in terms of the amount of operations data included in the published study
and the evaluation of operational changes. The steps which each service follows in deciding
upon operational changes are as follows:
Navy:
     • Survey noise levels near the installation.
     • Collect flight operations and maintenance data.
     • Generate baseline noise contour map using actual measurements at selected locations
       at each site.
     • Evaluate how operational changes would affect developed land within and  near the
       installation.
                                       A-l

-------
      Table 3. Summary of Contrasts Between Navy and Air Force AICUZ Programs
          AREA
                                          NAVY
                                                                         AIR FORCE
•  Estimated total costs
   (12/31/76)
•  How studies conducted
•  Content of studies
   • Amount of detail rele-
     vant to specific airport
   • Land use matrices
•  Contours based, in part, on
   actual noise measurements
   of airport sites
•  Methodology in developing
   studies
   • Use of contours
•  Environmental assessment
   prepared

•  Noise abatement measures
   • "hush" houses
   • ground runup suppressors
   • land acquisition
   • operational modifications
•  Philosophy concerning com-
   munity use of contours
   Military role vis-a-vis the
   community
   Military role re:  civilian
   airport noise problem
$200,000,000

Contractor

Much

Different ones at different bases
Yes
Contours used as aid to flight
operations change decisions

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Stresses reliability of contours
for planning purposes, encour-
ages direct incorporation of
AICUZ recommendations into
ordinances; Navy assures it won't
change contours unless major
change in operations.   (Depend-
ing on activity size, however,
studies will be updated on a 3
or 6 year cycle.)
Active  campaign to "sell"
recommendations of AICUZ
study

One joint use airport; requested
ADAP  funds for noise planning
purposes
$ 60,000,000

In-house

Less than Navy — studies more
uniform
Uniform at all  bases
No (However,  validation studies
have been performed in many
cases.)
Contours generated after opera-
tions change decisions made in
most cases
Only for mission changes, land
acquisitions or other significant
actions

Yes
Yes
Only in  accident hazardous areas
(not as a noise abatement measure
exclusively)
Yes
Stresses need for communities to
consider AICUZ contours as one
input to their planning process;
stresses  tentative nature of con-
tours and dynamic nature of plan-
ning process. Does not encourage
direct incorporation of AICUZ
contours into community ordi-
nances without further evaluation
by communities.
Active campaign to furnish infor-
mation only; stresses that Air
Force is not a land use planning
agency
About 90 joint use airports;
furnish  noise data to airport
proprietor
                                             A-2

-------
     • Decide on operational changes to be incorporated.
     • Develop final computer generated noise contour maps.
Air Force:
     • Evaluate potential operational changes on a continuing basis via AFR 55-34.
     • Collect flight operations and maintenance data.
     • Evaluate how operational changes would affect developed land near the base, using
       computer-generated noise maps if necessary.
     • Decide on operational changes to be incorporated.
     • Develop computer generated noise contour map.
     The variation occurs in the early stages of the evaluation. The Air Force uses standard
procedures for evaluating operational changes regularly and as part of the AICUZ study.  In
contrast, the Navy's evaluation during AICUZ  employs a baseline noise contour map reflect-
ing spot-checking of actual measured noise levels. Because of the AFR 55-34 requirements,
Air Force AICUZ studies frequently include a  statement that while potential operational
changes were evaluated, present operations were found to be optimal, and therefore, no
change will be incorporated as a result of the study.  While it is difficult to assess the role of
operational changes relative to other program activities, the Navy indicates that about 30
percent of its program relates to operational changes.


LAND USE MATRIX

     Appendix E contains the Navy and Air Force land use matrices. The land use  categories
and explanatory notes following each matrix are virtually identical. The division of compatible
use zones is not identical  though the following zones are approximately equivalent:
            Navy                         Air Force
            APZ2 I/Ldn 75 +               APZ I/Ldn 80-85 and Ldn 75-80
            APZ I/Ldn 65-75               APZ I/Ldn 70-75 and Ldn 65-70
1. Clear Zone
2. Accident Potential Zone
                                        A-3

-------
           Navy                         Air Force
           APZ II/Ldn 75 +               APZ II/Ldn 80-85 and Ldn 75-80
           APZ II/Ldn 65-75             APZ II/Ldn 70-75 and Ldn 65-70
           Ldn 75 +                     Ldn 85, Ldn 80-85 and Ldn 75-80
           Ldn 65-75                    Ldn 70-75 and Ldn 65-70
           APZ II
There are two non-equivalent categories. The Navy's zone "A" is equivalent to the Air
Force's "clear zone." Since Air Force policy includes purchase of "clear zone" land, it is
not listed in the matrix.
     The breakdown into a large number of compatible use zones tends to make the Air
Force matrix slightly less restrictive.  For example, the Navy recommends that single family
dwellings in zone II-2 be insulated so as to reduce the sound level of the interior by  30 dB
from the level outside. Navy zone II-2 is equivalent to Air Force APZ II Ldn 70-75  (which
carries the same restrictions as zone C-2) and to APZ II Ldn 65-70 (wherein the sound level
reduction required is only 25 dB).
REVISIONS

     The Navy and Air Force differ in philosophy regarding revising a completed AICUZ
study. The Navy study is intended as a planning document. The Navy's present model
zoning ordinance refers directly to compatible use zones and its new model ordinance will
allow for direct inclusion of the land use matrix in local zoning codes, as in St. Mary's
County, Maryland. The Navy encourages direct incorporation, although, as part of Master
Planning functions, it plans to update studies and contours on a 3 or 6 year cycle, depend-
ing on activity size.
     The Air Force is fully prepared to change its studies. Present Air Force studies, in
contrast to the Navy's, state that the Air Force cannot guarantee that AICUZ maps will not
be altered and cautions communities in attempting to incorporate compatible use districts
directly into community zoning codes (although this has been done by a four-county area
near Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio). A willingness to change is especially significant for the
Air Force because technological changes (principally the use of simualtors) will substantially
change their operations in the future.
                                       A-4

-------
ROLE OF THE INSTALLATION

     The air installation is the key organizational element in both the Navy and Air Force
programs but their role vis-a-vis the community differs between the services.  The Navy,
because of the severe encroachment problems around many of its airfields, often takes a
more active role than the Air Force in influencing local planning.
ACQUISITION POLICY

     Current DOD policy regarding the acquisition of land as a noise abatement measure is
as follows: land may be purchased in high noise areas outside the "clear zone" only when
all possibilities of achieving compatible use zoning, or similar protection, have been exhausted
and the operational integrity of the air installation is threatened. "^  In addition, an economic
analysis and assessment of the installation must be conducted.
     The Air Force will not purchase land or easements solely on the basis of noise impacts;
they are prepared to purchase land in accident potential zones. The Navy is prepared to
purchase land or, preferably, restrictive easements in both accident and noise impact areas.
The Navy rationale is that resources should be applied where the threat to continued opera-
tion is greatest:  accident zones, noise zones or a combination of the two. (A clear zone,
for example, in the desert is likely to be less critical than Ldn = 75 dB in an urban area.)
The immediate impact of this variation in policy is indicated by the contrasting amounts of
the estimated costs of the two programs:
                              Navy       -$200 million;
                              Air Force   - $  60 million.
     During 1975, the Navy requested authority to acquire nearly $16,000,000 in easements
                 n
at three locations.
1. 32 CFR 256 "Air Installations Compatible Use Zones," Jan. 4,1977.
2. These were: Miramar Naval Air Station, $12,100,000; Oceana Naval Station,
   $1,600,000; and Naval Air Station, Cecil Field, $2,000,000.
                                        A-5

-------
         APPENDIX B




WHERE TO GO TO GET INFORMATION

-------
WHERE TO GO TO GET INFORMATION ON DOD AICUZ PROGRAM
SERVICE
Office
of the
Secretary
of
Defense







Navy


















ORGANIZATION
ELEMENT
Office of the Assistant
Secretary (Health and
Environment)




Office of the Assistant
Secretary (Installa-
tions and Logistics)


Naval Facilities
Engineering Command
(NAVFAC), AICUZ
Project Staff


NAVFAC,
AICUZ Planning
Staff


NAVFAC,
Engineering Field
Division





HEAD-
QUARTERS/
REGION
Headquarters






Headquarters




Headquarters





Headquarters




Western
Division



Southern
Division

ADDRESS
Pentagon
Washington, D.C.
20301




Pentagon
Washington, D.C.
20301


NAVFAC Headquarters
200Stovall St.
Alexandria, Virginia



NAVFAC Headquarters
200Stovall St.
Alexandria, Virginia


NAVFAC
P.O. Box 727
San Bruno, California
94066

NAVFAC
P.O. Box 10068
Charleston, S.C.
PERSONNEL
NAME
George Marienthal




Lt. Col. John Meade

Perry Fliakas


Mr. Howard L.
Metcalf
CDR David Gerdel


LT "Skip" Sims


LCDR Brian O'Connell


Mr. David Copp

James O. Taylor




Mr. Robert Ruggles


TITLE
Deputy Assistant
Secretary of
Defense for
Environmental
Quality


Deputy Assistant
Secretary of
Defense ( I + L)


AICUZ Project
Officer







Technical
Planner
Head, Technical
Support Section
AICUZ Studies


Head, Technical
Support Branch
AICUZ Studies
TELE-
PHONE
NUMBER
202/
695-0221



202/
695-0221
202/
695-2713



202/
325-0501

202/
325-0501

202/
325-7344

202/
325-7344
41 5/
871-2565



803 /
743-2608

AICUZ
FUNCTIONS
DOD coordination
with other Federal
agencies




Development of DOD
DOD AICUZ
instructions


Technical assistance
and inter-agency co-
ordination activities
for AICUZ program;
supports individual
installations
Works with technical
aspects of the AICUZ
study; supports
Engineering Field
Division
Provide technical
assistance and inter-
governmental coor-
dination services to
the installations



CONTACT
FOR:























Information on
individual AICUZ
studies; plans for
construction of
noise suppression
equipment or relo-
cation of facilities
at an installation

-------
                      WHERE TO GO TO GET INFORMATION ON DOD AICUZ PROGRAM (Continued)
SERVICE
Navy
(Cont)










Air Force
















ORGANIZATION
ELEMENT
NAVFAC,
Engineering Field
Division (Cont)

Naval Environmental
Protection Support
Service, Aircraft
Environmental
Support Office
Individual Air
Installation

Directorate of Civil
Engineering and
Services
Environmental
Planning Division












HEAD-
QUARTERS/
REGION
Pacific
Division










Headquarters






Eastern
Region (EPA
Regions I-IV)

Central Region
(V-VIII)

Western
Region
(IX andX)
ADDRESS
NAVFAC
FPO San Francisco,
California 96610
(located in Hawaii)
Naval Air Rework
Facility NAS,
North Island
San Diego, California
92135



Hqtrs USAF/PREV
Pentagon,
Washington, D.C.
20330



526 Title Bldg.
Atlanta, Georgia


Main Tower Bldg.
1200 Main St.
Dallas, Texas 75202
630 Sansome St.
San Francisco,
California 94111
PERSONNEL
NAME
Mr. Joseph Lau



Mr. Ray Glass


Ms. Carole Tanner

AICUZ Project
Officer

Mr. Gary Vest






Mr. Robert Wong



Lt. Col. Stanley
Bohinc

Mr. Robert Cameron


TITLE












Environmental
Planner





USAF Region
Civil Engineer/
Eastern Region

USAF Region
Civil Engineer/
Central
USAF Region
Civil Engineer/
Western Region
TELE-
PHONE
NUMBER
808 /
471-3088


202 /
394-2575

202/
394-2575



202/
451-0510





404/
526-6618


214/
749-2288

41 5/
556^828

AICUZ
FUNCTIONS




Noise surveys at
Navy and Marine
Corps Installations





Implementation of
air-noise assessment
techniques for en-
vironmental plan-
ning; AICUZ program
development and
implementation










CONTACT
FOR:









Information at
Individual Air
Installation
Headquarters
information on
USAF AICUZ
program



Information on
AICUZ program
at bases in appli-
cable regions






td

-------
           APPENDIX C

STATUS OF SELECTED AICUZ ISSUANCES
        AND PUBLICATIONS

-------
                  STATUS OF DOD AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS
                                     AND RELATED MATERIALS
SUBJECT AREA
1. General AICUZ
Policy



Previous issuances
incorporated into
above











2. Environment




ISSUING
DOD
ELEMENT
Office of the
Secretary of
Defense





















TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER





DOD Instruction 4165.57,
Air Installations Compatible
Use Zones, 7/30/73
Deputy Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Installations and
Housing) Memorandum, Com-
patible Use Zones Descriptors,
10/15/75
Deputy Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Installations and
Housing) Memorandum, Con-
sistent Approaches to the
Establishment of AICUZ,
10/16/75
DOD Directive 6050.1,
Environ., Considerations in
DOD actions, 3/19/74


NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING
8/26/76
41 FR 36030






















STANDARD
OR
REGULATION
1/4/77
Title 32,
Part 256
(Amended
3/8/77)



















BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Sets forth broad requirements
for AICUZ while leaving imple-
mentation to individual mili-
tary services

Initial DOD AICUZ Policy (is
now superceded)

Requires DOD use Ldn noise
descriptor in lieu of CNR or
NEF


Addresses need for uniform
acquisition policies among
services



Outlines DOD's policy with
respect to environmental
assessments of its actions and
completion of EIS. Provides
guidance to services.
o

-------
                   STATUS OF DOD AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS
                                   AND RELATED MATERIALS (Continued)
SUBJECT AREA
3. Property Manage-
ment and
Procurement
ISSUING
DOD
ELEMENT

TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
DOD Directive 4165.6,
Real Property; Acquisition,
Management and Disposal,
9/15/55
NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING

STANDARD
OF
REGULATION
Inter-govern-
mental Coordina-
tion Land and
Facility Plans and
Projects, Federal
Register, 3/8/77
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Sets forth policy involving real
property transactions. Stresses
minimizing amount of property
owned.
o

-------
                  STATUS OF NAVY AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS

                                     AND RELATED MATERIALS
SUBJECT AREA
1. General AICUZ
policy and EIS
















2. Instructions relating
to specific AICUZ
tasks and responsi-
bilities



ISSUING
NAVY
ELEMENT
Secretary of the
Navy

Chief of Naval
Operations









Marine Corps
Commandant


Naval Facilities
Engineering
Command




TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
SECNAV INST 11010.9,
AICUZ Program, 11/4/73

OPNAV INST6240.3D,
Environmental Protection
Manual (Chap. 4: EIS;
Chap. 11: Noise), 4/24/75



Technical Memorandum
Land Use Guidelines for
accident potential and noise
zones, 6/24/75
Marine Corps Order
P11000.8A "Real Properties
Facilities Manual, Vol. 5, "
4/7/75
NAV FAC INST 11010.5,
"Site Approval Procedures
for Facilities Affecting Air
Safety, "3/26/70
NAV FAC INST 11010.60A,
"Nav Fac Involvement in the
AICUZ Program," 10/30/74
NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING

























STANDARD
OR
REGULATION

























BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Outlines Navy approach to
problem within context of
DOD policy
Contains discussion of all
Naval environmental programs.
Chapter 4 presents all the
Navy's procedures for environ-
mental assessments. Chapter 1 1
is devoted to noise. Part 2 of
which is devoted to AICUZ.
Contains basic land use com-
patibility charts to be used in
developing AICUZ matrices.

Contains guidance for general
environmental quality matters
and AICUZ.








p
CO

-------
                   STATUS OF NAVY AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS
                                   AND RELATED MATERIALS (Continued)

SUBJECT AREA


3. Technical Assistance
Materials














ISSUING
NAVY
ELEMENT


Naval Facilities
Engineering
Command












TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,

OTHER
Curriculum for AICUZ course
(updated three time a year)


Model Air Installation Noise
Zoning Ordinance and Build-
ing Code, 9/5/73


AICUZ Technical Notes (first
edition 7/74)




NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING
















STANDARD
OR
REGULATION

















BRIEF DESCRIPTION


Course book for attendees at
Navy's 2-day AICUZ seminar;
contains much useful informa-
tion on Navy programs.
Intended as a guide to local
authorities on type of controls
that may be implemented to
prevent incompatible develop-
ment.
Are a series of periodically
issued newsletters (to the field
installations); contains up-to-
date guidance with respect to
current relevant noise issues
and methods.
o

-------
                 STATUS OF AIR FORCE AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS

                                      AND RELATED MATERIALS
SUBJECT AREA
1. General AICUZ
Policy















2. Environment







ISSUING
AIR FORCE
ELEMENT
Office of the
USAF Deputy
Chief of Staff,
Programs and
Resources
USAF Chief of
Staff





USAF Deputy
Director Engi-
neering and


Hq. USAF







TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
Letter to Air Force elements
titled "AICUZ Policy,"
12/17/74


USAF Regulation 55-34,
"Reducing Flight Disturb-
ances," 1 1/22/74




Information Package, "Inter-
agency /Inter-govern mental
Coordination for Environ-
mental Planning —AICUZ
and CZM," 11/25/75
USAF Regulation 19-1,
"Protection and Enhancement
of Environmental Quality,"
2/20/74
USAF Regulation 19-2,
"Environmental Assessments
and Statements," 9/22/74

NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING

























STANDARD
OR
REGULATION

























BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Implements DOD Inst. 4165.57
of 7/30/73 concerning AICUZ.



Establishes considerations and
guidance, including flight modi-
fications, for dealing with local
noise problems at community
level. (AICUZ is an element of
the general program to ensure
good community relations.)
Provides guidance to USAF
regional representatives relating
to AICUZ and CZM.


Establishes policies responsibil-
ities and criteria for USAF
environmental pollution abate-
ment program.
Establishes policies responsibili-
ties and guidance for preparation
of environmental assessments
and statements.
a
61

-------
                  STATUS OF AIR FORCE AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS
                                   AND RELATED MATERIALS (Continued)
SUBJECT AREA
3. Technical Assistance
Materials (to USAF
Field Installations
Primarily)





















ISSUING
AIR FORCE
ELEMENT
USAF Hq.,
Directorate of
Engineering and
Services, Environ-
mental Planning
Division



















TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
Document "AICUZ - Phase
One, 10/27/73"





AICUZ information and
environmental planning
Bulletins:
1. Randolph Airport
Environs Study,
March 21, 1973

2. Protecting Airports and
Their Neighbors through
the Environmental Land
Use Planning Process,
by Gary Vest,
March 21, 1973
3. Luke AFB Economic
Impact, 1973
4. Luke AFB, Urban
Encroachment Study
1968-1990, August 1968
NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING

























STANDARD
OR
REGULATION

























BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Contains the letter from Air
Force Headquarters that imple-
mented DOD's AICUZ policy
and established the basic frame-
work of the program. It also
contains Phase I (organization
and data acquisition) guidance.
This series is program guidance
to Air Force bases on complet-
ing AICUZ studies. Publications
contains some completed studies
and related encroachment and
economic impact analyses around
bases. Bulletin 7 contains more
detailed guidance for Phase II
(data acquisition and refinement).









o

-------
                  STATUS OF AIR FORCE AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS
                                   AND RELATED MATERIALS (Continued)
SUBJECT AREA
3. Technical Assistance
(continued)





















ISSUING
AIR FORCE
ELEMENT























TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
5. Operational Change
Evaluation, March 1974
6. Guidance to Complete
Non-Operational Portion
of Phase II, April 1974
7. AICUZ -Phase II Oper-
ational Data Review
9. Basic Resource of
AICUZ Phase V (four
Volumes), March 1976
12. Joint Services Noise
Planning Manual (draft)
December 1976








Draft State law for land use
planning around airfields
NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING























STANDARD
OR
REGULATION























BRIEF DESCRIPTION










Developed to replace the present
Tri-Service manual, Land Use
Planning with Repsect to Air-
craft Noise. Designed for use by
installation planners to aid them
in evaluating noise from aircraft
and other sources. It may also
aid Air Force personnel in pre-
paring envrionmental assessments.
It is detailed but not highly
technical.


o

-------
                   STATUS OF AIR FORCE AICUZ REGULATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, TECHNICAL MANUALS

                                   AND RELATED MATERIALS (Continued)
SUBJECT AREA
4 Other
ISSUING
AIR FORCE
ELEMENT
Hq. USAF
TITLE AND TYPE OF ISSUANCE
INSTRUCTIONS,
GUIDANCE
MEMORANDA,
OTHER
USAF Regulation 80-36,
"Civil Airworthiness Stan-
dards for US Air Force
Transport Aircraft"
NOTICE OF
PROPOSED
RULE-MAKING

STANDARD
OR
REGULATION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION
States policy that where military
permit, transport aircraft must
be designed to comply with civil
airworthiness standards, including
FAA noise standards.
o
00

-------
      APPENDIX D

STATUS OF AICUZ PROGRAM
 AT INDIVIDUAL AIRFIELDS

-------
STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
              (AS OF DECEMBER 31,1976)
REGION
USN























EPA
1

II



III




IV











NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
Naval Air Station Brunswick
Naval Air Station South Weymouth
Naval Air Station Lake Hurst
Naval Air Defense Center Warminster
Naval Air Station Willow Grove
Naval Industrial Reserve Plant Calverton
Naval Air Station Oceana
Uaxilliary Landing Field Fentress
Naval Air Station Norfolk
Naval Air Test Center Patuxent River
Marine Corps Air Station Quantico
Naval Air Station Cecil Field
Outlying Field White House
Naval Air Station Jacksonville
Naval Air Station Key West
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Outlying Field Atlantic
Auxilliary Landing Field Bouge
Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort
Naval Station May port
Marine Corps Air Station (Helicopter)
New River
Helicopter Outlying Field Oak Grove
STATE
Maine
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
New York
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
Florida

Florida
Florida
North Carolina


South Carolina
Florida
North Carolina


STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED


X
X

X
X
X

X

X

X
X
X



X



PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE
underway
1977


underway



underway

underway







Pre-Final Review

underway

underway
REVISED
























-------
STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
          (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1976) (Continued)
REGION
USN






















EPA
IV
(cont'd)






V









VII
VIII
IX

NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Outlying Field Chocktaw
Outlying Field Spencer
Naval Air Station Whiting Field
Naval Air Station Meridian
Outlying Field Alpha
Outlying Field Bravo
Naval Air Station Saufley Field
Naval Air Station Glenview
Naval Air Station Corpus Christi
Auxilliary Landing Field Cabaniss
Auxilliary Landing Field Waldron
Naval Air Station Kingsville
Auxilliary Landing Field Orange Grove
Naval Air Station Chase Field
Outlying Field Goliad
Naval Air Station Dallas
Naval Air Station New Orleans
None
None
Naval Air Station Miramar
Naval Air Station Le Moore
STATE
Florida


Florida
Mississippi


Florida
Illinois
Texas


Texas

Texas

Texas
Louisiana


California
California
STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED
X











X
X
X
X




X

PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE

1977
1977
1977
underway
underway
underway
1977
underway
Pre-Final Review
Pre-Final Review
Pre-Final Review




underway
underway



Pre-Final Review
REVISED























-------
                          STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
                                   (AS OF DECEMBER 31,1976) (Continued)
G
CO
REGION
USN





















EPA
IX
(cont'd)












X






NAVAL AIR INSTALLATIONS
Naval Air Station Moffett Field
Auxilliary Landing Field Crow's Landing
Naval Air Station North Island
Auxilliary Landing Field Imperial Beach
Marine Corps Air Station El Toro
Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay
Marine Corps Air Station Yuma
Naval Air Station Alameda
Naval Air Station Barbers Point
Naval Air Facility El Centre
Naval Air Station Fallen
Pacific Missile Range Point Mugu
Naval Air Facility China Lake
Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana
Naval Air Station Whidbey Island
Outlying Field Coupeville
TOTALS
Completed 28
Underway 30
Planned 9
(5 in FY78)
STATE
California

California

California
Hawaii
Arizona
California
Hawaii
California
Nevada
California
California
California
Washington






STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED
X
X


X
X


X




X
X
X





PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE


underway
Pre-Final Review


Pre-Final Review
underway

Pre-Final Review
Pre-Final Review
Pre-Final Review
Pre-Final Review








REVISED






















-------
STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL AIR FORCE BASES
           (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1976)
REGION
USAF
Eastern






















EPA
1



2


3


4












AIR FORCE BASE
Loring Air Force Base
Pease Air Force Base
Otis Air Force Base
Westover Air Force Base
Griffiss Air Force Base
McGuire Air Force Base
Plattsburg Air Force Base
Dover Air Force Base
Langley Air Force Base
Andrews Air Force Base
Seymour Johnson Air Force Base
Pope Air Force Base
Myrtle Beach Air Force Base
Charleston Air Force Base
Shaw Air Force Base
Dobbins Air Force Base
Robins Air Force Base
Moody Air Force Base
Columbus Air Force Base
Keesler Air Force Base
Maxwell Air Force Base
Craig Air Force Base
Eglin Air Force Base
STATE
Maine
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
New York
New Jersey
New York
Delaware
Virginia
Maryland
South Carolina
North Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Georgia
Georgia
Mississippi
Mississippi
Alabama
Alabama
Florida
STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED





11/30/76


11/12/75
1/07/75
6/24/76
12/16/75
4/08/76

2/24/76







7/12/76
PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE
12/77
12/77
8/77
7/77
12/77

12/77
4/77





4/77

4/77
5/77
12/77
8/77
9/77
4/77
indefinite

REVISED
























-------
                             STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL AIR FORCE BASES
                                   (AS OF DECEMBER 31,1976) (Continued)
REGION
USAF
Eastern



Central


















EPA
4
(cont'd)


5







6










AIR FORCE BASE
Tyndall Air Force Base
MacDill Air Force Base
Patrick Air Force Base
Homestead Air Force Base
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Grissom Air Force Base
Scott Air Force Base
Selfridge Air Force Base
Kincheloe Air Force Base
K. 1. Sawyer Air Force Base
Volk Field Air Force Base
Wortsmith Air Force Base
Laughlin Air Force Base
Kelly Air Force Base
Randolph Air Force Base
Bergstrom Air Force Base
Webb Air Force Base
Reese Air Force Base
Sheppard Air Force Base
Carswell Air Force Base
Dyess Air Force Base
Barksdale Air Force Base
England Air Force Base
STATE
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Louisiana
Louisiana
STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED

7/30/76

3/26/75
5/15/75

12/18/75






9/19/75
9/19/75
5/07/76

6/22/76
6/25/76


2/12/76
2/26/76
PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE
8/77

9/77


12/77

8/77
indefinite
12/77
8/77
12/77
8/77



indefinite


12/77
12/77


REVISED























D

-------
STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL AIR FORCE BASES
      (AS OF DECEMBER 31,1976) (Continued)
REGION
USAF
Central


















Western



EPA
6
(cont'd)






7



8






9



AIR FORCE BASE
Little Rock Air Force Base
Bhythevilie Air Force Base
Kirttand Air Force Base
Cannon Air Force Bate
Hotto*na*i Ah- Force Base
Attus Air Force Base
Tinker Air Force Base
Vance Air Force Base
Offutt Air Force Base
McConnell Air Force Base
Whiteman Air Force Base
Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base
Minot Air Force Base
Malmstrom Air Force Base
Grand Forks Air Force Base
Ellsworth Air Force Base
Hill Air Force Base
Peterson Air Force Base
Buckley Air Force Base
Davis-Monthan Air Force Base
Williams Air Force Base
Luke Air Force Base
Wheeler Air Force Base
STATE
Arkansas
Arkansas
New Mexico
New Mexico
Mew Mexico
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Kansas
Missouri
Missouri
North Dakota
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Colorado
Colorado
Arizona
Arizona
Arizona
Hawaii
STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED

8/30/76

10/15/76
4/05/76

1/14/76

9/17/76

5/20/76
6/25/76




10/3/74

2/26/76
8/07/75
1/14/76
4/13/76

PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE
5/77

8/77


5/77

8/77

12/77


12/77
12/77
12/77
12/77

4/77




indefinite
REVISED
























-------
       STATUS OF AICUZ AT INDIVIDUAL AIR FORCE BASES
              (AS OF DECEMBER 31,1976) (Continued)
REGION
USAF
Western


















TOTALS
EPA
9
(cont'd)












10





AIR FORCE BASE
Hickam Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base
March Air Force Base
Norton Air Force Base
George Air Force Base
Edwards Air Force Base
Vandenberg Air Force Base
Castle Air Force Base
Travis Air Force Base
Mather Air Force Base
Beale Air Force Base
McClellan Air Force Base
Air Force Plant 42^
Anderson Air Force Base
McChord Air Force Base
Fairchild Air Force Base
Mt. Home Air Force Base
Eielson Air Force Base
Elmendorf Air Force Base
88
STATE
Hawaii
Nevada
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
Guam
Washington
Washington
Idaho
Alaska
Alaska

STATUS OF STUDIES
COMPLETED

10/07/74
4/17/75
12/15/76



9/30/74
12/13/76
10/06/75

5/19/76
5/12/76
3/19/76

8/22/75
12/1/75


42
PLANNED COM-
PLETION DATE
12/77



12/77
8/77
12/77



12/77



1/10/77


8/77
8/77
46
REVISED







1/77












1. This facility's mission includes final assembly of jet aircraft and flight test programs of high
  performance jet aircraft.

-------
        APPENDIX E





COMPLETE LAND USE MATRICES

-------
                        COMPLETE LAND USE MATRICES
    The complete Land Use Objectives Amplified matrix used by the Navy for the AICUZ
study at Naval Air Station Cecil Field, Florida, and the standard matrix used by the Air
Force at its bases are contained in the following pages. (It should be noted that more recent
studies utilize Ldn; DOD now requires the use of this descriptor.)
                                       E-l

-------
    NO NEW DEVELOPMENT

    RESTRICTED NEW DEVELOPMENT

    NO RESTRICTIONS
                     NAVY
                     AICUZ  LAND USE
             OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
LAND USE
CATEGORY
AICUZ AREA
                          B-3
          B-2
C-3
C-2
C-l
RESIDENTIAL
 SINGLE FAMILY
 TWO-FOUR FAMILY
 MULT I-FAMILY ARTS
 GROUP QUARTERS
 RESIDENTIAL HOTELS
 MOBILE HOMES/COURTS
 TRANSIENT LODGING
 OTHER RES/RES AGRIC.
INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTUR-
 FOOD a KINDRED PROD'T

 TEXTILE MILL
 APPAREL
 LUMBER/WOOD PRODUCTS HHH
 FURNITURE/FIXTURES
 PAPER/ALLIED PRODUCTS
 PRINTING/PUBLISHING
 CHEMICALS/ALLIED PROOS
PETROLEUM REFINING 8
  RELATED PRODUCTS
                             E-2

-------
NO NEW DEVELOPMENT

RESTRICTED NEW DEVELOPMENT

NO RESTRICTIONS
       NAVY
      AICUZ LAND USE
OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
LAND USE
CATEGORY

INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTUR-
ING 3 (CONTINUED)
Rl IRRFR/MIC;rFI 1 ANFOIIQ
PLASTIC PRODUCTS
STONE, CLAY/GLASS
PRODUCTS
PRIMARY METAL INDUST'S
FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS
PROFESSIONAL, SCI-
ENTIFIC, a CONTROLLING
INSTRUMENTS PHOTO-
GRAPHIC a OPTICAL
GOODS; WATCHES 8
CLOCKS
MISCELLANEOUS
MANUFACTURING

TRANSP, COM., ft
UTILITIES6

R.R., RAPID RAIL TRANSIT,
HWY a ST. RIGHT OF WAY
AUTOMOBILE PARKING
AICUZ AREA
A



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                     E-3

-------
NO NEW DEVELOPMENT

RESTRICTED  NEW  DEVELOPMENT
NO RESTRICTIONS
                                            NAVY
                                            AICUZ  LAND  USE
                                     OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
LAND USE
 CATEGORY
                       AJCUZ  AREA
                          B-3
                           B-2
C-3
C-2
C-l
 COMMUNICATIONS
                                      a;5
  (NOISE SENSITIVE)
 UTILITIES
 OTHER TRANSPORTATION,
  COMMUNICATIONS, a
  UTILITIES
PUBLIC  8 QUASI
 PUBLIC  SERVICES
 CULTURAL ACTIVITIES,
  INCLUDING CHURCHES
 MEDICAL a OTHER
  HEALTH SERVICES
 CEMETERIES
 OTHER  PUBLIC/QUASI
 PUBLIC  SERVICES
OUTDOOR RECREATION
 PLAYGROUND,  NEIGHBOR
 PARKS /COMMUNITY a
                                                        !)
 REGIONAL  PARKS
                             E-4

-------
                                           NAVY
                                           AICUZ  LAND   USE
     NO NEW DEVELOPMENT           OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
     RESTRICTED  NEW  DEVELOPMENT
     NO  RESTRICTIONS
LAND USE
 CATEGORY
AICUZ   AREA
    B-3
B-2
C-3
C-2
C-l
  NATURE  EXHIBITS
                                       1
 SPECTATOR SPORTS
  INCLUDING ARENAS,
  GOLF COURSE]2 RIDING
  STABLES13
                I
 WATER BASED RECRE-
  ATIONAL AREAS/RE-
  SORT a GROUP CAMPS
 AUDITORIUMS,  CONCERT
  HALL
 OUTDOOR AMPHITHEATERS
 MUSIC SHELLS
 OTHER OUTDOOR
  RECREATIONS
COMMERCIAL/RETAIL
 TRADE
 WHOLESALE TRADE
 RETAIL TRADE-BUILDING
  MATERIALS
 RETAIL TRADE-GEN. MOSE.
                O
 RETAIL TRADE-FOOD
 RETAIL TRADE-AUTO-
  MOTIVE  MARINECRAFT
                             E-5

-------
                                         NAVY
                                         AICUZ LAND USE
                                 OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
     RESTRICTED  NEW DEVELOPMENT
     NO  RESTRICTIONS
    NO NEW DEVELOPMENT
LAND   USE
 CATEGORY
                    AICUZ  AREA
                         B-3
                             B-2
C-3
C-2
C-l
 AIRCRAFT AND
  ACCESSORIES
 RETAIL TRADE-APFAREL
  & ACCESSORIES
 RETAIL TRADE-FURNI-
  TURE HOME FURNISH-
  INGS, a EQUIP
 RETAIL TRADE-EATING
  a DRINKING
 OTHER RETAIL TRADE
PERSONAL & BUSINESS
 SERVICES
FINANCE, INSURANCE,  a
 m
                                                   :jjj
  REAL ESTATE SERVICES
                            E-6

-------
NO NEW DEVELOPMENT

RESTRICTED NEW DEVELOPMENT

NO RESTRICTIONS
       NAVY
       AICUZ LAND USE
OBJECTIVES AMPLIFIED
LAND USE

CATEGORY

RESOURCE PRODUCT-
ION, EXTRACTION 8
OPEN SPACE
AGRICULTURE (EXCEPT
LIVESTOCK)
LIVESTOCK FARMING
ANIMAL BREEDING"
FARMING
t'/~\QC" CTDV APTI\/I~TIC"C
rUr\to 1 r\T Aw 1 1 VI 1 ILo
FISHING ACTIVITIES 8
RELATED SERVICES
MINING ACTIVITIES
PERMANENT OPEN SPACE
WATER AREAS









AICUZ ARE*

A B-3 B-2




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                     E-7

-------
                                NOTES                            NAVY

No New Development - The land use and related structures are not com-
    patible and should be prohibited.

Restricted New Development - The land use and related structures are
    generally compatible; however, some special factors should be
    considered.

No Restrictions - The land use and related structures are compatible
    without restrictions and should be considered.

25, 30, or 35 - The land use is generally compatible; however, a Noise
    Level Reduction (NLR) of 25, 30 or 35 dBA must be incorporated
    into the design and construction of the structure.
  y    V       v
25 , 30 , or 35  - The land use is generally compatible with NLR; how-
    ever, such NLR does not necessarily solve noise difficulties and
    additional evaluation is warranted.

1   Due to Accident Potential, the residential density should be
    limited to the maximum extent possible.  It is recommended that
    residential  density not exceed one dwelling unit per two acres.
    Such use should be permitted only following a demonstration of
    need to utilize this area for residential purposes.

2   Although it is recognized that local conditions may require resi-
    dential uses, this use is strongly discouraged.  The absence of
    viable alternative development options should be determined.
    Analysis showing a demonstrated community need for residential
    use which would not be met if development were prohibited in
    these AICUZ  areas should be performed prior to plan approval.

    Where the community determines that residential uses must be
    allowed, a Noise Level Reduction (NLR) of at least 30 or 25 dBA
    should be incorporated into building codes and/or individual
    approvals.  Additional modification of the NLR levels should be
    based on peak noise levels and other considerations.  Such criteria
    will not eliminate outdoor  environment noise problems and, as a
    result, site planning and design should include measures to mini-
    mize this impact particularly where noise is from ground level
    sources.

3   Because these uses vary by locality and within a general category,
    particular care should be taken to evaluate and modify guidelines
    to  fit local conditions.   Factors to be considered include:  labor
    intensity, structural coverage, explosive inflammability charac-
                                  E-8

-------
                                                                  NAVY
    teristics, size of establishment, people density, and peak period
    (including shopper/visitors) concentrations.

4   NLR of 35 dBA should be incorporated into the design and construction
    of portions of these buildings where the public is received,
    office areas or where the normal (ambient) noise level is low.

5   An NLR of 30 dBA should be incorporated into the design and con-
    struction of portions of these buildings where the public is
    received, office areas or where the normal noise level is low.

6   No structures in APZ-A; no passenger terminals and no major
    ground transmission lines in APZ-A or APZ-B.

7   Low intensity office use only  (limited scale or concentration of
    such uses).  Meeting places, auditoriums, and similar places not
    recommended.

8   Excludes chapels.

9   Playgrounds should not be permitted in Accident Potential Zones
    and high noise areas.  Parks which are oriented toward forest
    trails, and similiar activities which do not concentrate numbers
    of people are recommended.

10  Facilities should be low intensity, such as athletic areas with-
    out spectator areas.

11  The effect of noise on animal life has not been fully determined.
    Consideration should be given to the environment in which wildlife
    or livestock will be placed.  The density of population attracted
    to a public exhibit should also be considered.

12  Club house not recommended.

13  Concentrated rings with large classes not recommended.

14  An NLR or 30 dBA should be incorporated into buildings for this
    use.

15  An NLR of 25 dBA should be incorporated into buildings for this
    use.

16  No structures in the Clear Zone  (APZ-A).

17  Residential structures not recommended.

18  Residential buildings require an NLR of 30  dBA.

19  Natural bodies of water.  No structures and no recreational use
    recommended.

                                  E-9

-------
Land Use Compatibility Guidelines
                                                   Air Force
SLUCM
CODE

llx
llx
llx
12
13
14

15

19



21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

29

31
32

33
34
35

39


41

45
46
47

48
42/43

LAND USE CATEGORY
RESIDENTIAL
Single family
Two family
Multlfamily dwelling
Group quarters
Residential hotels
Mobil home parks or
courts
Transient lodging -
hotels, motels
Other residential
3
INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING

Food and kindred product
Textile mill products
Apparel
Lumber & wood products
Furniture & fixtures
Paper & allied products
Printing, publishing
Chemicals & allied
products
Petroleum refining and
INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING3
Rubber & misc plastic
Stone, clay & glass
products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Professional, scientific
& controlling instru.
Misc manufacturing
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNI-7
CATIONS & UTILITIES
Railroad, rapid rail
transit
Highway & street ROW
Auto Parking
Communications (noise
sensitive)
Utilities
Other trans, comm, &
util
COMPATIBLE USE DISTRICTS
1
Ldn
85

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
N
N
N
N
N

N


N

N
N
N

N
N



Y
Y
N

N
Y

Y
2
APZ
I
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
N
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4

Y3,4


Y4

Y4
Y4
Y4

N
Y4



Y
Y
Y

N
Y

Y
3
APZ
I
Ldn
75-80

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
N
Y5
Y=
Y5
Y5

Y3.5


Y5

Y =
Y5
Y5

N
Y =



Y
Y
Y

30
Y

Y
4
APZ
I
Ldn
70-75

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
N
Yฐ
Y6
Y6
Y6

Y3,6


Y6

Y6
Y6
Y6

N
Y6



Y
Y
Y

25
Y

Y
5
APZ
I
Ldn
65-70

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y

Y3

N
Y

Y
Y
Y

N
Y



Y
Y
Y

Y
Y

Y
6
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N


/.
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4

Y4
v4
i
Y4

Y4
Y4
Y4

N
Y4



Y
Y
Y

N
Y

Y
7
Ldn
75-80

N
N
N
N
N

N

352
N


";
Y3
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5

Y5
v5
i J
Y5

Y5
Y5
Y5

30
Y=



Y
Y
Y

30
Y

Y
8
APZ
II
Ldn
80-85

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
Y4
Y4
Y4
Y4

Y3,4

N
Y4

Y4
Y4
Y4

N
Y4



Y
Y
Y

N
Y

Y
9
APZ
II
Ldn
75-80

N
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
Y5
Y5
Y5
Y5

Y3,5

N
y5

Y =
Y5
Y5

N
Y5



Y
Y
Y

30
Y

Y
10
APZ
II
Ldn
70-75

301'2
N
N
N
N

N

N
N


Y6
N
N
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6

Y3,6

N
Y6

Y6
Y6
Y6

N
Y6



Y
Y
Y

25
Y

Y
11
APZ
II
Ldn
65-70

251,2
N
N
N
N

N

N
N



N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y

Y3

N
Y

Y
Y
Y

N
Y



Y
Y
Y

Y
Y

Y
12
Ldn
70-75

3ฐ?
302
302
302
302

302

302
302



Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Y6
Yฐ

Y6
v6
Yu
Y6

Y6
Y6
Y6

25
Y6



Y
Y
Y

25
Y

Y
13
Ldn
65-70

252
252
252
252
252

252

252
252



Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

Y

Y
Y

Y
Y
Y

Y
Y



Y
Y
Y

Y
Y

Y
               E-10

-------
Land Use Compatibility Guidelines—Continued
Air Force


SLUCM
CODE


51
52
53
54
55
56

57
58

59


61

62
63
64
66


69


67
68
711
651

624
69x



761x

762x


LAUD USE CATEGORY


COMMERCIAL/RETAIL TRADE
Whllesale trade
Building materials-retail
General merchandise-
retail
Food-retail
Automotive, marine
Apparel & accessories-
retail
Eating & drinking places
Furniture, home furnish-
ing retail
Other retail trade
PERSONAL & BUSINESS8
SERVICES
Finance, insurance &8
real estate
Personal services
Business services
Repair services
services
services
Other services
PUBLIC & QUASI-PUBLIC
SERVICES
Government services
Educational services
incl churches
Medical & other health
services^
Cemeteries
Non profit organization
Other public and quasi-
public services
OUTDOOR RECREATION
Playgrounds, neighbor-
hood parks
Coraniunlty & regional

1
Ldn
85


N
N
N
N
N

N
N

N
N



N
N
N
N
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
Y
H

N


N
N

2
APZ
Ldn
80-85

Y*
Y4
N
N
N

N
N

N
N



N
N
N
Y4
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
Y4,10
N

N


N
N
COMPATIBLE USE DISTRICTS
3
APZ
Ldn
75-80

Y=
Y5
N
N
30

N
N

30
N



N
N
N
Y5
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
Y5,K>
N

N


N
N
4
APZ
Ldn
70-75

Y6
Y6
N
N
25

N
N

25
N



N
N
N
Y6
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
Y6,10
N

N


N
Yll
5
APZ
Ldn
65-70

Y
Y
N
N
Y

N
N

Y
N



N
N
N
Y
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
Y10
N

N


N
Yll
6

80-85


Y4
Y4
N
N
N

N
N

N
N



N
N
N
Y4
N
N
N


N
N
N

N >
Y4
N

N


N
N
7

75-80


Y5
Y5
30
30
30

30
30

30
30



30
30
30
Y5
30
30
30


30
N
N

N
Y5
N

N


N
N
8
APZ
II
Ldn
80-85

Y4
Y4
N
N
N

N
N

N
N



N
N
N
Y4
N
N
N


N
N
N

N
V4,10
N

N


N
N
9
APZ
II
Ldn
75-80

Y5
Y5
30
30
30

30
N

30
30



30
30
30
y5
30
30
30


308
N
N

N
Y5,10
N

N


N
N
10
APZ
II
Ldn
70-75

Y6
Y6
25
25
25

25
N

25
25



25
25
25
Y6
25
25
25


258
N
N

N
Y6,10
N

30


Y
Y
11
APZ
II
Ldn
65-70

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

Y
N

Y
Y



Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y


Y8
N
N

N
YIO
N

25


Y
Yll
12

Ldn
70-75


Y6
Y6
25
25
25

25
25

25
25



25
25
25
Y6
25
25
25


25
30
30

30
Y6
30

30


Y
Yll
13

Ldn
65-70


Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

Y
Y

Y
Y



Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y


Y
25
25

25
Y
25

25


Y
Y
                       E-ll

-------
                    Land  Use  Compatibility  Guidelines—Continued
                                                                                               Air  Force


SLUCM
CODE


712
722

741x
743/
744
75
721x

721x




81
8157
817
83
84

85
93



LAND USE CATEGORY

OUTDOOR RECREATION (Cont)
Nature exhibits
Spectator sports incl
arenas
Golf course!2, riding
stables!3
Water-based recreational
areas
Resort & group camps
Auditoriums, concert
halls
Outdoor amphitheaters,
music sheels

RESOURCE PRODUCTION,
EXTRACTION, & OPEN SPACE
Agriculture (except
livestock)
Livestock farming, animal
breeding
Forestry activities
Fishing activities &
related services
Mining activities
Water areas
COMPATIBLE USE DISTRICTS
1

85


N

N
N
N
N

N

N
N


y!7

N
y!7

Y
Y
Y
2
APZ
Ldn
80-85

N

N
N
N
N

N

N
N


y!7

N
Y17

yll
Y
yll
3
APZ
Ldn
75-70

N

N
y!4
y!4
N

N

N
N


Y17

Y17
Y17

yll
Y
yll
4
APZ
Ldn
70-75

N

N
Y15
Y15
N

N

N
yll


y!8

ylS
y!8

yll
Y
yll
5
APZ
Ldn
65-70

Y

N
y
Y
N

N

N
yll


y!9

Y19
Y19

yll
Y
yll
6

80-85


N

N
N
N
N

N

N
N


y!7

N
y!7

Y
Y
Y
7

75-80


N

N
yW
y!4
N

w

N
N


y!7

y!7
y!7

Y
Y
Y
8
APZ
Ldn
80-85

N

N
N
N
N

N

N
N


y!7

N
y!7

Y
Y
yll
9
APZ
Ldn
75-80

N

N
Y14
Y14
N

N

N
N


y!7

y!7
Y17

Y
Y
yll
10
APZ
Ldn
70-75

N

N
y!5
y!5
N

N

N
y


y!8

y!8
y!8

Y
Y
YU
11
APZ
Ldn
65-70

Y

N
Y
Y
N

N

N
y


y!9

y!9
y!9

Y
Y
yll
12
Ldn
70-75


N

N
Y15
y!5
Y

N

N
y


yl8

Y18
ylS

Y
Y
Y
13

Ldn
65-70


Y

Y
Y
Y
Y

Y

N
y


y!9

y!9
y!9

Y
Y
Y
     This table  is a guide.  Adaptations  to fit local conditions and more precise land use category designations are required
based on the criteria of the foregoing  narrative.

     See legend  following table for footnote explanations.

                                                      NOTES

     N   (NO)       The land-use and related structures are not compatible and should be prohibited.

     Y  (YES)       The land-use and related structures are compatible without restriction and should  be considered.
    Yx (YES WITH
    RESTRICTIONS)
     35, 30 or 25
     35X, 30X or 25X
 The land-use and related structures are generally compatible;  however, some special factors  should be considered.


 The land-use is generally compatible;  however, a Noise Level Reduction of 35,  30 or 25 must  be incorporated into
 the design and construction of the structure.

x
 The land-use is generally compatible with NLR; however, such NLR does not necessarily solve  noise difficulties
 and additional evaluation is warranted.
                                                       E-12

-------
                        Land  Use  Compatibility  Guidelines—Continued                   Air  Force
                                                 Footnote  Legends
 Because of accident hazard  potential, the residential density in these CUD's  should be limited to  the maximum extent possible.
 It Is recommended that residential density not exceed one  dwelling unit per aซ-re.  Such use should be permitted only following
 a demonstration of need to  utilize this area for residential purposes.

 Although it is recognized that  local conditions may require residential uses  in  these CUD's, this  use is strongly discouraged
 in CUD's 10 and 12 and discouraged In CUD's 11 and 13.  The absence of viable alternative development options should be deter-
 mined and an evaluation Indicating that a demonstrated community need for residential use would not be met if development  were
 prohibited in these CUD's should  be conducted prior to approvals.

 Where the community determines  that residential uses must  be allowed Noise Level Reductions (NLS)  of at least 30 (CUD's 10 and
 12) and 25 (CUD's 11 and 13) should be incorporated into building codes and/or individual approvals. Additional consideration
 should be given to modify the NLR levels based on peak noise levels.  Such criteria will not eliminate outdoor environment noise
 problems and, as a result,  site planning and design should include measures to minimize this impact particularly where the noise
 Is from ground level sources.

 Because these uses vary considerably by locality and within a general category,  particular care should be  taken to evaluate and
 modify guidelines to fit local  conditions.  Among factors  to be considered:  labor intensity, structural coverage explosive
 inflammable characteristics, size of establishment, people density, peak period (including shopper/visitors) concentrations.

 A NLR of 35 must be Incorporated into  the design and construction of portions of these buildings where  the public is received,
 office areaa or where  the normal noise level is low.

 A NLR of 30 must be incorporated into  the design and
 office areaa or where  the normal noise level is low.
A NLR of 30 must be  incorporated into the design and  construction of portions of these buildings where the public  is  received,
  A NLR of  25 must be incorporated into the design and construction of  portions of these buildings where the public Is received,
  office areas or where the normal noise level  is low.

  No structures  In Clear Zone, no passenger terminals, and no major ground  transmission lines  in Clear Zones or  APZ I.

  unr intensity  office uses only (limited scale of concentration of such  uses).  Meeting places, auditoriums, etc., not recommended.

 Q
  Excludes  hospitals.

  Excludes  chapels.

^Facilities must be low intensity.

  Clubhouse not  reconmended.

  Concentrated rings with large classes not recommended.

16A NLR of  30 must be Incorporated into buildings  for  this use.

15A NLR of  25 must be Incorporated Into buildings  for  this use.
^Residential buildings  require a NLR of 30.

19Reปldentlal buildings  require a NLR of 25.
                                                             E-13

-------
         APPENDIX F





ORGANIZATION TO IMPLEMENT AICUZ

-------
NAVAL ORGANIZATION TO IMPLEMENT AICUZ

     The Navy organization is shown in Figure 6. Most Naval airfields and air installations1
are located under the Commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets.
     As Table 4 indicates, various members of the chain of command from the Office of the
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) to the individual airfield have some assignment of respon-
sibility for the AICUZ program. (The Office of the Secretary of the Navy has little involve-
ment.) A list of principal Naval personnel who are concerned with AICUZ is contained in
Appendix B.
Role of Headquarters (Washington, D.C.) Offices

    The Navy Headquarters role in implementing AICUZ on a day-to-day basis is handled
primarily by two offices (see Figure 6).  One (hereafter referred to as the "Project Staff")
is located under the CNO and the other, hereafter referred to as the "Planning Staff," is
located under the Naval Facilities and Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM).
    The project staff has the task of performing certain technical assistance and interagency
coordination services for individual installations in implementing the program. It deals
directly with other Federal agencies at both the headquarters and regional levels, and pro-
vides various guidance materials to the installations. This office takes an active role in all
decision-making sessions during the AICUZ study period.
    The second major Headquarters element is the Facilities Planning section of the Naval
Facilities and Engineering Command, NAVFACENGCOM, under the Chief of Naval Material.
The planning staff works with the technical aspects of the AICUZ study. It supports Engi-
neering Field Divisions, rather than with the air installations directly on the implementation.
Role of Engineering Field Divisions

    The operational elements immediately above the installation in the chain of command,
having important responsibilities for AICUZ are the Engineering Field Divisions.  These
1. An "air installation" may contain one or more airfields.
                                        F-l

-------
                                                                               DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
    NAVY
 DEPARTMENT
ESTABLI HMENT
    FORCES

1 	


1
OFFICE OF
THE GENERAL COUNSEL


SECRETARY
ENAVY
NCIAL
EMEND

CEOF
ฐTROLLER







I
OFFICE OF
PROGRAM APPRAISAL






ASSISTANT SECRETARY
OF THE NAVY
(INSTALLATIONS
AND LOGISTICS)





OFFICE OF
NAVY PETROLEUM ANC
OIL SHALE RESERVES



SECRETARY
OF THE NAVY
UNDER SECRETARY
OF THE NAVY



1 1 1





OFF ICE OF 1
INFORMATION 1



omcEOF OFFICE Of
THE JUDGE LEGISLATIVE AF
>. ADVOCATE GENERAL LEGISLATIVE AF

]
ASSISTANT SECRETARY
OF THE NAVY
(MANPOWER AND
RESERVE AFFAIRS)




r~


OFFICE OF
CIVILIAN MANPOWER
MANAGEMENT




ASSISTANT
OFTH
tRESEA
DEVEL


1
OFFICE OF
NAVAL DISABILITY
EVALUATION
NAVAL PERSONNEL OFFI
BOARDS NAVAL F


1
ERIAL COMMAND
QUARTERS
ERIAL COMMAND
1
STEMS COMMAND
EERING COMMAND
STEMS COMMAND







1
NAVY FORCES
)MMANDS NOT
VISE ASSIGNED

CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
OFFICE OF THE
CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS

1
BUREAU OF
MEDICINE AND SURGERY

NAVAL
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMAND


NAVAL INTELLIGENCE 1 	
COMMAND 1


NAVAL SECURITY GROUP
COMMAND


-
NAVAL WEATHER |
SERVICE COMMAND |~



1
MILITARY
SEALIFT
COMMAND



1

H BUREAU OF
NAVAL PERSONNEL


	 OCEANOGRAPHER
OF THE NAVY
H NAVAL EDUCATION AND
TRAINING COMMAND


H NAVAL RESERVE
COMMAND


H NAVAL DISTRICT
HEADQUARTERS


COMMANDANT OF THE MAR INE CORPS
HEADQUARTERS
u.s. MARINE CORPS

1 1
MARINE CORPS SUPPORTING
RESERVE ESTABLISHMENT

SUPPORT
1
U S NAVAL FORCES ATLANTIC FLEET 1 1 PACIFIC FLEET
EUROPE INCLUDES 1 1 (INCLUDES
u FLEET MARINE FORCES|| | FLEET MARINE FORCESI


OPERATING FORCES
OF THE
MAR INE CORPS
    •ALSO INCLUDES OTHER DESIGNATED SHORE ACTIVITIES. NOT SHOWN ON THE CHART WHICH
     ARE UNDER THE COMMAND OR SUPERVISION OF MANY Of THE ORGANIZATIONS DEPICTED.
                                                                                    Figure 6

-------
                           Table 4. Navy AICUZ Responsibilities
   Deputy Chief of Naval Operations
     (Logistics)
   Deputy Chief of Naval Operations
      (Air)
   Deputy Chief of Naval Operations
      (Research and Development)
   Chief of Naval Material (Naval
      Facilities and Engineering
      Command)

   Chief, Bureau of Medicine and
      Surgery
   Major Claimants (Commander U.S.
     Naval Air Forces — Atlantic and
     Pacific, etc.)

   Air Installation Commanders
1  - Program management for funding and implementa-
     tion

2  - Monitor and coordinate application of policy

1  — Approval of operational  modifications
2  — Establish priorities for conducting AICUZ studies at
     fleet support and training and reserve air installations
3  — Establish fiscal year priorities for corrective projects

1  — Establish priorities for conducting AICUZ studies at
     research and development air installations
2  — Establish fiscal year priorities for corrective projects

1  — Accomplish AICUZ studies
2  - Provide technical direction for noise reductions
1  — Provide technical direction and assistance to evaluate
     and validate health related requirements of AICUZ
     implementation

1  - Provide command direction, priorities and recom-
     mendations on AICUZ plans
1  - Familiarize themselves with AICUZ and Naval Noise
     Pollution Abatement Program
2  — Assist in conducting AICUZ studies
3  — Develop an AICUZ implementation plan
offices act in the dual capacity as intergovernmental coordinators (i.e., between the
installation and State or other Federal agencies) and providers of technical assistance to the
installations.
     With respect to AICUZ, these offices perform two very important technical functions:
     • They are responsible for awarding and monitoring contracts to conduct AICUZ
        studies at each installation, and
     • They perform planning, design and construction functions for noise reductions
        measures at Naval airfields (such as resiting of engine test facilities).
                                             F-3

-------
Role of Naval Environmental Protection Support Service: Technical Support

    The AICUZ program is part of an overall Navy Environmental Protection Program.
Among the technical services provided under the Naval Environmental Protection Support
Service, NEPSS, are conducting actual noise surveys at airfields through the Aircraft Environ-
mental Support Office. Surveys have  been conducted at many installations and results have
been used in drawing baseline AICUZ  noise contours.
Role of Individual Naval Air Installations

     The individual installation, of course, is the key element which all other elements in
the hierarchy support. AICUZ activities at each installation fall into two categories:
     • "preliminary" actions by installation commanders, and
     • implementation of the approved AICUZ study.
     Navy policy requires installation commanders, as the first step taken in the develop-
ment of an AICUZ program at their base, to appoint an AICUZ project officer who will be
directly responsible for all AICUZ related actions at the installation, including coordination
of all other preliminary actions and contracts with the community. The remainder of the
"preliminary" actions are of two types:
     • gathering input data for the AICUZ study (zoning maps, installation accident his-
       tory, possible noise reduction methods), and
     • initiating local contacts (identification of interested persons, evaluation of potential
       encroachment).
     The role of the installation, following the completion of the AICUZ study, is to imple-
ment the source and operational controls which have been decided upon, as a result of the
study, through a process of negotiation between the commanding officer of the installation
and higher authority (see Table 4) and to work with the community to attain the land  use
controls recommended in the study.  Much of the work involves maintaining an active pub-
lic awareness program on AICUZ and reporting potential problems (such as incompatible
rezoning) to headquarters.
     The Navy through the project staff, OPNAV, discussed above provides guidance to its
air installations in:
     • conducting the AICUZ study,
                                        F-4

-------
     • promoting local action, and
     • stimulating public awareness of noise.
     Materials for conducting the study include  1) guidelines for drawing accident poten-
tial zones,  2) the computer program to develop noise contours, and 3) land use guidelines
to translate AICUZ maps into land use objectives.
How the Navy Goes About Conducting an AICUZ Study
     Preliminary Actions

     As indicated in Table 4, the Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations (Air) and (Research
and Development) establish priorities for conducting AICUZ studies.  As study plans are
announced, the installation commander through the AICUZ project officer collects input
data (with assistance from the appropriate Engineering Field Division).
     Contract for Studies

     At this point, the Engineering Field Division takes charge of the study which is
usually done by contract.
     A model scope of work developed by the Naval Facilities and Engineering Command
(which serves as a guide to Engineering Field Division personnel involved in awarding and
monitoring of contracts for AICUZ), specifies the following detailed tasks to be performed:
     • field investigations of local land use and validation of noise and accident data,
     • analysis of data to develop the land use matrix,
     • development of alternatives (operations changes and physical modifications),
     ซ development of implementation strategies (regulatory and land acquisition), and
     • presentation of final short and long-term recommendations.
1.  Only one Navy AICUZ study has been done in-house. In contrast, all Air Force studies
   are conducted in-house.
                                        F-5

-------
     A particularly important decision point in this process involves operations changes.  A
decision to implement one or more operational changes (including flight path alterations or
mission reductions) is made after a meeting in which representatives from all involved levels
of the chain of command deliberate (installation, Engineering Field Division, Naval Facilities
and Engineering Command, Commander US Naval Air Forces Atlantic or Pacific, and the
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations).
     Table 5 describes decision points (at high  levels) during the AICUZ program in terms
of the individual making the decision and the timing of each decision.
              Table 5.  Principal Decision Points in the Navy AICUZ Program
        DECISION
RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL(S)
   TIMING
     Set priorities for
     conducting studies
     Approval of opera-
     tional changes
     Determine imple-
     mentation strategy
     direction
     Approval of final
     study

     Set fiscal year
     priorities for con-
     struction or
     acquisition
     Deputy Chief of Naval
     Operations (CNO)
     (Air) and (Research &
     Development)

     Deputy Chief of Naval
     Operations (CNO)
     (Air)*

     Major Claimants Com-
     mander

     U.S. Naval Air Forces
     (Atlantic)  and (Pacific)

     CNO
     Deputy CNO (Air) and
     (Research & Development)

     Major Claimant —
     Commander

     U.S. Naval Air Forces
     (Atlantic) and (Pacific)
3-4 months from
start of study
3-4 months from
start of study
6-7 months from
start of study

Annually
"Decision made through a process of negotiations with Commanding Officer of the air installation.
                                           F-6

-------
AIR FORCE ORGANIZATION TO IMPLEMENT AICUZ

     The organizational structure of the Air Force is contained in Figure 7. The key
organizational elements relative to AICUZ are the Deputy Chief of Staff, Programs and
Resources and the Major Commands. The primary headquarters element responsible for
environmental programs is the Environmental Planning Division of the Directorate of Engi-
neering and Services. (This office is located directly under the Deputy Chief of Staff, Pro-
grams and Resources.) This division consists of two branches:  the Airbase Planning and
Development Branch and the Policy and Assessment Branch (which handles EIS's). Air
Force Regional Offices report to the Environmental Planning Division. The bases them-
selves are located under the 15 Major Commands.
Role of Headquarters

     The Environmental Planning Division is a multi-disciplinary staff (urban planners,
engineers, etc.) whose task is to provide guidance to the regions and the bases in implement-
ing AICUZ. The group has developed various tools (such as a'computerized model for
drawing noise contours) and technical planning materials (such as a model act for compre-
hensive airport land use planning at the State level). They have also developed documents
containing case studies of AICUZ programs at Air Force bases.
     The Environmental Planning Division sets Air Force priorities for conducting studies
and for funding the acquisition of land or restrictive easements in clear zones.  In addition,
it
     • reviews all input data to be used for drawing noise and accident potential maps,
     • reviews all completed maps,
     • approves all completed studies, and
     • approves the information dissemination plan for each base including setting the date
       for release of the study.
Role of Major Commands: Review of Base Activities

     Major Command Headquarters have direct line authority over Air Force bases.  Appro-
priate Major Commands review and coordinate all base AICUZ actions before review and
                                        F-7

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                           Assistant Secretary
                           Financial Management
Assistant Secretary
Research and
Development
Assistant Secretary
Installations and
Logistics
Assistant Secretary
Manpower and
Reserve Affairs
00
                                                                      Director of
                                                                      Administration
                                                                               Deputy Chief
                                                                               of Staff
                                                                               Programs and
                                                                               Resources
                                                 Director, Air Force
                                                 Board Structure
                                                                     Major Commands
                                                 Separate
                                                 Operating Agencies
                                                                                          Figure 7

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approval by Air Force Headquarters.  Each Command is required to establish an AICUZ
Prฐgram at its headquarters involving representatives from various base offices (e.g., civil
engineering, operations, safety, etc.) to evaluate the encroachment situation at each base
and to report the results of their evaluations regularly to Air Force Headquarters.  In gen-
  a , day-to-day control of the program is centered in the engineering and services function
with from one to four people at each Major Command Headquarters being actively involved
in the AICUZ program.
Role of the Civil Engineering Center - Technical Support

     The Air Force Civil Engineering Center at Tyndall AFB, Florida, provides technical
support to the AICUZ program through Air Force Headquarters. The Civil Engineering
Center generates the noise contour maps using a computerized model.  Contours are drawn
for Ldn values of 80, 75, 70 and 65 (and for Ldn 60 in California). As of December 1976,
nearly 200 maps have been generated, 50 of which are AICUZ baseline maps. The remainder
analyze the effects of mission and operational changes (such as introduction of new aircraft)
at various bases.
     The general role of the Civil Engineering Center is as a general in-house consultant to
Air Force Headquarters, Major Commands and bases on environmental programs. It per-
forms technical assistance functions such as EIS preparation for many bases.
Role of Air Force Regional Representatives:  Intergovernmental Coordination

     The Air Force has established Environmental Planning Divisions in its three regional
offices whose central purpose is to coordinate Air Force activities (Headquarters, Major
Commands and bases) with those of other Federal agency regional offices and with State
governments. Each Air Force Region comprises several standard Federal Regions (Atlanta
— Regions I through IV; Dallas — Regions V through VIII; and San Francisco — Regions IX
and X).
     The Air Force prefers that Federal agency regional offices contact the Air Force
Regions rather than going to Air  Force Headquarters or to Air Force bases directly.
     The Environmental Planning Divisions, established in 1975, are not as yet fully prepared
to handle all matters to be ultimately assigned them. Their present principal responsibilities
                                         F-9

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in the AICUZ program are as intra-agency and inter-governmental coordinators to:
     • Serve as the liaison between HQ USAF, Major Commands and bases and Federal
       Regional Officials whose agencies have an interest in or an impact on the AICUZ
       program.
     • Inform all appropriate Federal Regional Officials of Air Force AICUZ policies,
       requirements and programs.
       1.   Forward AICUZ schedules, plans and related information for bases to all
           appropriate Federal Regional Officials.
       2.   Negotiate the resolution of AICUZ related problems with other Federal
           agencies at the Regional level.
       3.   Obtain other agencies policies and programs related to AICUZ and forward
           them to individual bases.
       4.   Keep Air Force Headquarters advised of all major actions with Federal
           Regional Officials concerning AICUZ.
       5.   Establish contact with and brief Federal Regional Officials on AICUZ.
     • Negotiate working agreements and establish procedures by which base officials and
       Federal officials (below the regional office level) may coordinate their actions.
     These duties would apply to  all Air Force environmental and planning programs.
Role of Air Force Bases: Center of Activity

     The Air Force bases themselves actually develop (and implement) AICUZ studies.
(To date only one Air Force AICUZ study has been done by contract.) Each base is
required to:
     • establish an AICUZ team similar to that at the Major Command level, centered in
       the base civil engineering function (see Table 6),
     • collect and refine all data needed to produce noise contours and land use recom-
       mendations,
     • evaluate operational changes,
     • develop compatible land use recommendations and an information dissemination
       plan for the completed AICUZ study,
                                       F-10

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                        Table 6. Base AICUZ Phase I Responsibilities
     Base Commander


     Information*



     Civil Engineering*
     Operations*
     Safety'
     Maintenance*


     Bio-Environmental
        Engineering*

     Legal
     Comptroller

     Weather
Establish AICUZ team
Monitor program

Identify and evaluate key interested parties
Develop an AICUZ information strategy
Document the implementation of AICUZ

Obtain and analyze land use plans for base vicinity and
   prepare a map indicating land ownership and property
   values
Prepare flight pattern maps and flight profile charts
Prepare anticipated encroachment plan

Collect flight data
Identify and evaluate airspace and operational land use
   problems
Identify possible operational changes
Coordinate with FAA Regional Office

Plot local accident history
Summarize in-flight emergencies
Identify and evaluate ground hazards

Collect maintenance data (e.g., ground  run-ups)
Identify possible noise reduction methods

Assist Civil Engineering, Operations and Maintenance
   in noise analysis

Obtain and evaluate relevant State and  local laws and
   court decisions
Seek approval from local officials of formal appearances
   by Air Force personnel before public zoning authorities

Prepare study of economic impact of the base on the
   community

Prepare climatological study and assist  as required
"Participate in airspace and operational land use analysis to evaluate
 the relationships of present operations with existing and potential
 land use and report results.
                                              F-ll

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     • compose the AICUZ study,
     • present the completed study to the community, and
     • maintain contacts with local officials to prevent incompatible development near
       the base.
     Each base is to appoint an intergovernmental coordination officer (to work with local
Federal, State, and local agency officials on a day-to-day basis and to interface with the Air
Force Regional Representative.)


What Guidance Is Provided to the Bases

     Guidance is provided to assist bases in completing and implementing their AICUZ
studies. The Air Force has produced a series of AICUZ "Information and Environmental
Planning Bulletins" that contain a variety of material including completed AICUZ studies,
explanations of policy and  of the problems of encroachment, guidance on collection of
input data and results of implementation programs at several bases.
     Some of the more important guidance documents (which are briefly described in
Appendix C) are:
     • AICUZ Phase I, Environmental Planning Bulletin
     • Joint Services Noise Planning Manual, and
     • Model State legislation for comprehensive airport land use planning.
To date relatively little guidance on the implementation and maintenance phases of the
program has been provided the bases. The majority of  the material has been concerned with
developing AICUZ studies.
     The model State legislation follows the Air Force AICUZ concept closely in stressing
the need for combined State/local planning and for coordination among State agencies. It
also encourages adoption of noise insulation and abatement standards for different classes
of six phases.
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     1.   Organization and Data Acquisition (Phase I)

     After the AICUZ committees are established at each Major Command and base, the
process of data collection and analysis of local land use patterns begins. Table 6 summarizes
these activities. The following steps are particularly significant. First, the information
strategy is developed very early in the program and is  to involve direct contacts with other
Federal agencies, initiated by the bases (with approval of the Major Commands).  Second,
operational changes are investigated during the Phase I airspace operational land use analysis
(see Table 6).  Thus, the noise  contours produced from Phase I data may include operational
changes.  Where conflicts are critical, contours for various noise reduction options are pro-
duced as decision-making aids.  (This differs from the Navy's approach of initially analyzing
noise contours for existing operations and then evaluating possible operational changes.)
Third (and also in contrast to the Navy), the Air Force does not actually spot check noise
on the base or surrounding area. Actual noise measurements have been already taken for
each type of aircraft and these measurements, along with Phase I operations and maintenance
data, are used  to generate noise contours.
     2.   Review and Refinement (Phase II)

     Major Commands review all Phase I data (for accuracy and completeness) before noise
contours are generated. They also review the information dissemination plan and land use
data before any actions are taken by the base.
     3.    Noise Analysis (Phase III)

     When operations and maintenance data have been reviewed (including operational
changes), noise contours are generated by the Civil Engineering Center. The completed
maps are sent to Air Force Headquarters and Major Commands for review before being
returned to the bases. This is the only phase of the program where the bases usually play
no direct role.
                                         F-13

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     4.   AICUZ Maps and Land Use Plans (Phase IV)

     In this phase the AICUZ study is completed. The base is responsible for combining
noise contours, accident potential and land use maps to determine Compatible Use Districts
around the base.  Using the land use planning data from Phase I, likely future development
in each Compatible Use District is to be determined. These estimates are compared with
the land use matrix to determine the compatibility of the projected uses. Recommendations
consist of identifying potential problems and indicating preferred compatible development.
The Air Force asserts that recommendations should allow the community as much flexibility
as possible and should be consistent with the recommendations of other bases in the area or
State. They stress both Air Force and community responsibilities. The study and recommen-
dations must be approved by the Major Commands and Air Force Headquarters.
     5.   Presentation and Implementation (Phase V)

     Implementation of the study begins with a formal presentation to community officials
stressing the need for joint planning between the base and the community.  (Several sample
presentations are contained in Environmental Planning Bulletin No. 9). The presentations
are attended by Major Command and Regional Office personnel.
     The Air Force feels the success of the program at this point depends upon the actions
of the community in controlling development around the base. The Air Force does its part
in distributing copies of the study to interested parties and providing any assistance requested.
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     6.    Maintenance (Phase VI)

     Since Air Force base AICUZ programs have existed for only a relatively short time, it
cannot be determined how they will be affected by changes in local conditions over a
period of several years. Therefore, this is the least well defined part of the program. The
Air Force stresses the need for flexibility and comprehensiveness in land use planning.  This
is because development patterns may change from year to year, creating pressure on com-
munity officials to rezone land near Air Force bases. Also the Air Force may introduce
mission or operational changes to the base which would require modification of the noise
contours.  Air Force AICUZ studies state that incorporating noise contours directly into
zoning ordinances may cause problems for the community if the Air Force is later required
to change the contours. The Air Force also believes that planning should be comprehensive.
Therefore, the studies urge communities not to base their land use  control decisions solely
on AICUZ boundaries.
                                         F-15
                                                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 0-241-037/37

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
/ Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-550/9-77-353
2
J TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Department of Defense Federal Noise Program Reports, Vok
Air Installations Compatible Use Zones (AICUZ) Program
7 AUTHOR(S)
Federal Programs Branch
Technology & Federal Programs Division, ONAC
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Noise Abatement and Control
Washington, D.C. 20460
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
5. REPORT DATE
lrne 1 April 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This document is intended to assist Federal agencies in understanding
the Department of Defense's program to abate noise at military airfields.
It covers some of the important features of the Air Installations
Compatible Use Zones (AICUZ) Program, its problems and relationships
to other agency noise programs.
17.
a DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b.lDENTIFI
Military Airport Noise; Airport
Noise; Airport Planning; Land
Use Planning
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19 SECURI
20 SECURI
ERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group

TY CLASS {This Report) 21 NO. OF PAGES
TY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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