-------
systee, and design, constractios and saintonance coscerss. Prcblcss
aerobic unit dependability.
~*~'alsttation and eainte-
were found it systee desiqe, pl&ceeent. and aerob
The Hide raaije of probleas observed indicate adai
nance shortfalls as veil as design and cor.sttBctl
tea prcblees. (SB?)
ACCf
40TBOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEXT
L000628
Hoaells, O.r Oiqa, A.
Uniretsity of Siorth Carolina Research Institute
Let's Ccasiiei Lend Treatae&t, Sot Land Disposal
Cijil Engineering, fiSCE, Parch 1976:60-62 (3 pages)
The qeeeral aduantiqes of land application of uastev'ater ate fiiscossed.
Topics cossifieced are: s) pretieatsept requirements, t) disinfection re-
qulreseats, c) qroundaater deqr«dation, d) effects OB sarface water, c)
application catas, f) hydraulic consideraticas, aud g) eccaoalcs. (SHFj
ACC» : 1000829
AUTH08: Feeches, B.g Calrncrcss, s.
ftFFIL : The Boss Institute of Tropical Kjqieno. London School of Hyqieo* and
Tropics! Bedicioe, Keppel Street, (Gcuer Street), LcatSca, Esqlasd
TITLE : Snail Bsctet* Disposal Systeas
SOUBCEt Tb« Soss lEStitutt: latorffiiitioa arid Advisory Service, Ross fiulietin 8.
Joti. 1S76 (SS pages)
IBAB s »978
TEII t Tbis bocKietf wrlttea at ttse bi2d tor lilitsry use 3ni involres a ccotiaed ««ste«ater
purification and solid uaste disposal systen. Recycled water is «.seatle
lor any purpose other than driuilnq and ' culinary use. The second systee
is designed for Ooaestic aoplication as part of an integrated waste oan-
aqesent systea called CiKHFL (Canadian Water Energy Lccp). The C*K«Ft
systea uas desiqued to treat all liquid and solid wastes frca a cc«»un-
ity of 500-1000 people. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOQSCE
TEII
L000832
Ficltfcrd, J.A.
Loughtorouqh University of Technology
Control of Pollution and Disease in Developing Ccuntries
Water Foliation Control. 76 (3) : 239- 253 (15 pages)
1979
Control of pollution and disease in developing countries through tiarte-
wdter treatment is discussed. Adequate sanitaticn and the develotaent
of safe water supplies are the sain eifctts of disease control. The use
of conventional and alternative «a.steuater treatoe.it sjstess is discus-
sed. Suggested alternatives include latrines at.d envies. 3 1 a!- 1 1 iia-
tion ponds are suggested as an appropriate se'.hcc for convent icnal
treatue..L. fcn iaportant consideration is the « t mulaticn of irteina-
tional aid for treatnent wories construction and the drvelopser.t cf
65
-------
traiatd *dnpc»er within the developing countries. (SfF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
APFIL
TITLE
50QBCE
TEAR
T2XT
LOC0833
flilaes. T.R.. Salth, ».
Kilaes Enqineerinvj- Inc.
CoBsuaity Action at crater Lake - A io« Pressure Seuer 3yste» with
Aerated Lagoons
Hater Pollution Control Association cf Pennsylvania Hagazine, Scv.-Cec.,
1978:6-11 (6 paqes)
1978
Cossanity action by residents lisinq around Oiaker Lake, in Sasqaehanna
County, Pernsjlvania, prevenffed e«ttOfhication of the lake. A aaite-
udter troataer.t systes consisting of pressure sewers and aerated earthen
laqocas provides the required tertioty treatsent. The pressure sswer
systea consists of ijrin'er pnaps and cressure sains. Tt-3 lagoon sr£t€B
'itilites two lagoons «ith a'iepth of ten teet an total cast cf
juoo.ooo.
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
1000831*
Sertiiao, 5.A., rfencSola, 0.
Solar iquaSysters, Inc.
Ibe Sola! Stjuaceil SWT Lagoon Systes (or the City of Hercules,
California
froceedlaqs of the Hater Reuse Sysposiua, Vol. 1:671-680 (?C
» j * y
This paper presents aa lanosatltfe uasteuatec treatment systee in Cali-
fcrnia «hich utili2es aerated laqooss, aquacal tore and solar energy.
The Sclar Aqoaceli lagoon wastcwster trestseDt systes is designed to
prodace a range of etfl-ieat water quality for Boitiple ceose opticns. as
well as recycle 1 0'J percent cf the turvestti aoustic plants, solids and
diqesifcd sludge into readable fcy-products for cosBUDity UEC. totcr r*"-
use options include irrigation, industrial coolant, stress enhancesent
acd qroonduater recharge. Tlifc systes consist o£ tncee anaerobic itsqe
poncSs, followed by 3 facultative pond an<3 a third phase aerct Ic/agoat ic
plant pond. Sand filtration an<3 ozone disinfection ate used for terti-
ary vflluect needs. Tbe ponds are enclosed in double polyethylene to
provide qreenhouse conditions for the aquatic plants. &lv«n taoes of
this sfstes in-clude loaer conntr uct ion, Cferaticn dad sain tenance ei-
pense. isproired solics handling and reuse, improved process stability
and reliability and snail leal area requlresent. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUfiCE
YSAfi
TEXT
LC00935
lussier. D., trunk, J.
EPA Ceater foe Fnvironaental Research Cntoraaticn and Ci»ii Enqineerinq
Student. University of Cincinnati, respectively
EtA's; Innovative and Altetnativt Technology prc^
Pollution Enqineerinq, 11 (11) : ?3-36 ("4 pages}
1979
The Clean Water Act of 1977 asended sections of the 1972 Federal Hater
Folldtior Control Act. This neu act provides increased funding of
«astei*at^r treataent facilities froa 75 to 35 percent for inno»atise cr
alternative technoloqy utilization. A provision for 100 percent fundinq
to replace or aodify an I/A facility that fails within the first two
years of operation is included. I/A technologies stress water, nutri-
ent, and natural resource reuse, energy conservation, cost effectivesoss
and improved toxic nanaqeaent. A list of SPA approved alternative sys-
tens is qiven, >ilonq yith criteria that nay be aet to sake alternati«e
tecnnoloqi':s fit into the innovative classification. (SWF)
ACC»
AOIHCfi
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LC00836
Kitt, H.O.
University of Wisconsin, Hacison
Mater Use in Rural Hones
S»all Scale Waste nanaqeaeat Project - University of Wisconsin, HaJisoa
(30 paqes)
197a
A study of eleven rural hones was conducted to determine, the contritu-
ticcs aade to the voluse of wasteuater on a day-to-day and an hourly
basis. Hiqh ar.J low flows and ctjanqes in flow patterns frcs suaaer to
winter were also examined. The water use was assigned ro sii events: 1)
aundry, 3) bath ot shower, 4) dishes, 5) water scftener, and
6) others. orqar.izational charts and graphs are provided. Fcssitle
toilet, 2) laundry, 3) bath ot shower,
6) others. orqar.izational charts and
flow reductions by the use of various uater savinq techniques were
estiaated for each hoae in the study. (AU/5HF)
66
-------
iCCI
TITLE
SCUSCE
YEiO
TEXT
L000837
Paestasf E.T., Clark, J.B.
Cept. oc Civil EngioeeriBq, Hex Mexico State UD!V. Las traces. HP! 85003
Treataent of Septic Tank Effluent
new nesico Water Resources Besearcfc lai'.itttte. seii fieslco State
University,, Bos 3167, Las Cruets. SB 66003 (93 pages)
1978
Tertiary trcataant of septic tank effluent «as researched. Trestseat
occured is a separate taak with aerobic conditions provided by eletroly-
sis of water. the eaia criterion for evaloation of the electcoXy-is
Sfsteo BSS CCD removal. Fcos the d«ta, it was concluded that the design
of this systea rests on oae partaeter--the area ct" tba electrcce.
Tceatae&t jij this aethod B«S foam) to be effective and bad low aalnte-
Bance reqalreeest:. (SHF)
ACCS
iUSBOE
Hffll
TITLE
SOOECE
1EAB
TEXT
1000838
KcClellaud-EI (editor)
Matioaal SaaitatiCB Fc
Icdisidual Onsite iijsteudter Svstees - Proceedings of the Second
BatiOBal Coaferesce. 197S
Jinn AEbor Scieoce PublisUstE, Isc.. P.O. Box 1Q2S, Ann firbcr, RI QB1C6
(21 a paqes)
1977
Thirtj-tuo leaiSInc? nnthorities exasiaa ealor aspects of the sefclect -
iacluaiog sabsu;£aee disposal iJet-tods. uat<;r coosecv«tioa, vies! aed
bactaiifil contaaia«tioa» soil bydeauJic condactivity. cite selection ao(5
correction of f*ilea Eystests. The boos P«?s special atsentioo to the
Eroblee of ensirosBeatal coatrol «s. uniisitea grcuth with a dialcque
etMoea tepTesestatises of t:-.e legislatory. private land (ieueioysetit and
citizen's Loiots of wiaa,
She T575 Proccediegs contain: Kcjnote Address - ttivlronseotel cco-
trol Versus Uolieited Growth: The State Legisiatcc*s Position; The
Citizen Laau Daeelopec's Positico; The lapact of Cnlct Systeas OD t»n<3
Ce»elcpoeist-A Citizen's Sieu; Profcless and Soiutiocs of Onic* 3«»aq";
Disposal: Subsurface Disposal Hethads; Sestowater fiecjclinq asd Kater
Conservation; Virus In Crounduatec; The Effects of Efilaeots en
Graunduater: Bactetioloqical Aspects; Tne Hastinqtoa Scene and Environ-
eeotal liealth; Reno»eticr. c-E Scopus Effluants ty the joil; Seasoresent
o£ Soil 'dr'ir-'i'Jlic Conj-jctivity and Site Selectlcn for liquid Baste CSs-
posal; Ir.fiuence or Ciisste on Safsurface Disposal of Sewaqe Affluent;
Causes and f.ds-e&j of Failure of Septic Teak Seepage Systeas {LOOOC321 ;
Ten-State SpptOeich to Design Stanoaris for IniiviaudI Cnsite «a£t€Mst»;r
Systess; f.ae^uacy and (Jailor raity cf Regulations for Or.site Wfi2te»ater
Dispos-al - iocal Concera; The iile^«ocy anci Uniiorisitj oi Sequlaticns for
Coslte Wastewater Dispcsal-A State sievcolBt (LC00156>; Rural tiastevater
Eesearch: H Look Into tht Future; £staLlishinq and Schievinq ttie Pos-
sible (LOOC630) ; Confetence Susifary.
Ihe nusb«r follouiaq a title indicates the article is included in
the Clearinghouse database. Additional articles Bay te indisidually
abstracted and can tf- found Ly title in the indei. (AU/Stif)
Acce
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAK
TEXT
L000839
Eeynoids, J.H., Biddlefcrooks, E.J.. Pid Jlebroolts. C.H.
Civisicn of Environaental Engineer in^. Utah State Univ.. Logan, OT
8U322
Lagoons for Snail VJastenater Flows
Icdividjal Cnsite Uastewater Systess - Proceedings of the Fifth national
Conference. Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Inc., P.O. Eci 1«25, Ann
trboc, Hichiqan S3106 (27 paqes)
1979
Discusses the performance and desiqn of fccultative anJ aerated laqccn
tystepi^ treating flous of less tha,i 0.6 aillion qallcns per day. stres-
ses selected site descriptions, lagoon ,?erf orisance for EOD. suspended
solids aad fecal colifors removal ar.J technique? fcr polishing pon^ ef-
fluent. Studies show final effluent BOD concentrations CSD te «ain-
taiaed below 30 «
-------
TEIT : fiovides iaforaetion OB the requirements for installing sod cperatieg
private sewaqe disposal systeas in aanitoba, Canada, onl reviews types
of saptic tanks sea disposal fields peraitted along «itb detailed
st«iiacss chlorine Jeoat.il than unfiltered. Teu-
perature, sulfide, and totjl cheaical oiyi™n denand were the oost
tant factors af£=ctinq the chlorine dos? necessary to achieve a speci-
fied bacter:oloqical quality, A »a the^.i t ical Eodel was deteioped and a
scries of ITS! jn curves «ete constructed for use in selecting the opti—
•al chlorine dosage needed for achieving prescribed levels cf disinfec-
tion.
Total and fecal colifora reacval in the Icqoon systea was related
to hydraulic residence tine. Cclifom -iie-auaj rate was 1£ tises great-
er ia susner souths th«n in winter eonths. (AU)
ACCJ
AUTHOS
AFFIL
TITLE
LOooeai
Duffer, W.R., Hoyer, J.E.
.Robert S. Ktrr L'nvitcnaental Research
Municipal Wastewiter Aqudcultare
Lah
68
-------
SOOBCE: Bobert S. Kerr Ea»IroB»efttal Fesearch Lat.. Office of K C C, OSSPA, Ads.
OK 74820, EPA-SOO/2-78-HO (June 1978) (SS pages)
TE&B • o 9T8
TEXT : The eeBelopsent.il status of the equactiitutal alte:r.ati»e foe treetseot
and tease of aunicipal uasteuatec is rewie»e
disease. Control aeawnres and the aqeats' sue vi »r. bi 1 i t y cutside the
host aie reviewed. The last sections of each chspt&c deal iith the
agents* ce«o»al in se«aoe treataent works, Ijtrifjes, piivies. and their
life span in sluige treataeat. A list of abstracts Jealiog with the
particular disease is qisen at thr> ecd cl esch chapter. (5»?)
1CC»
HUTfiOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEII
J.COQ8Q8
HaBCCCt, N.
J«nes F. PscLarea Lisited, Consulting £nqineers. Planners and
Scientists, U3S HcHicoSl Ave., i!illo»dale, Ont. fl2H 2B8, Canada
Radical Sewer Sjstea O»erco«es Difficult Coaditicns
Engineerioq and Contract Record, Jan. 1976 (3 pac^s)
1 978
Due to current hiqh-nater levels of La'ia Ontario and no gravity fall-cff
on the Tcronto Islands, a lew preisur?, shallow depth sewtra^e system
was installed^ ft9st cover, styrofcaa and polyethylene tape insulate
the polyethelene piping, aar-holes, and valve chatters. The islands are
a popular recreation ana visitors area in the suaser but a less
populated area in the winter, causing uneven seuaqe leads afid requlrinq
two systess to te installed: a year-round perimeter syste* and a central
recreation systen. five hp- centtifuqal qrinder ru*ps serve larqe
facilities while 1 hp serve the seeller. Set!) systess are designed fcr
annual flushing to creverit sedieent tuild-up and freezing it the lines
are not being u^ed. (SWF)
»CCt
AUTIIOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEII
1000809
N/A
Janes F. racLarer. Liaited. ConsultinT Snqi.ieers, Planners and
Scientists, UJ5 ffcNicoll *.ve., Hillc L-d-ile, Ont., n2H 2H3 Canada
A New Sewerage Syste» i/evelcped for Teajqaai Eipected to Cut Costs Hy
50%
CIVIC, April 1977 (U pages)
1977
Designed for a population cf 600, this qrinder ?v*r-, Icw-ptcseure sewer
systes will serve the Village of Teitagaai where the tedrock is on the
surface or just below. The shallow turitd systei <=lioinates the expen-
&9
-------
sive deep cock blasting and ellnlnatts the need foe sewage lift sta-
tions. the sfstee includes grinder caa^s, SO gallon or larger boldioq
teaks. 1 1/2 inch cooaectioq lines, 2 tc 6 inch insulated street eains
fled electric beetieq cables vith lots teapacature sensors. The beatieq
cables will tha» lines frozen due tc power outages and keep lines thawed
while residents d/.e duty on vialer holidays. (SHF)
»CC»
8UTB08
Ami.
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEXT
1000850
H/A
Bottan* State Uatvetsit;
Septic \auks
Cooperative Estrcezioo Sar»i=« Bulletin 332. "onteca State 3niaersity,
Bozeaan, noatdR.ii (la pages)
I 9 1 7
InfofBatioti on iseptie systems coapiled by the Cooperative Eitessica
Service of noataea State OBicersity. Presents goliSelities CQBceroiag
deeiga aod site selection for septic sysceos. Descslfces soil peccola-
tion tests acd t!ralBf ield coastructioa. Lists possible causes of septic
failures dad provides diacrAes detailicq septic tank cad scil
field coastctiction. Jstf)
*CC»
AUTL'OB
IITLE
SOOBC!
Itil
L000851
S/A
BSF .Iciat Coaaittaa on Ma?5teitater technology
aatiosal Saaita? .OB foundation StanJacd No. 41 fee Basteuater
eecycle/SeasQ aad datec coasersat Ion Oorices
Betioaal SssitiJioo foandatioa, SSf Soildiaq, Ann Arbor, HI a810S («2
r
Ibis staedard cstaolishss qaidelines for the evaloattos of Sevleae
itttQttelf.a fvis, f.?,
Hilliaas and Works, Inc., Gri-J Rapids, r,I
Reuse of Ruoicipal Hastewater b» Volunteer Fresh-Mater Wetlands
iiater Eeuse SyaposiuB, Vol. 1 (20 pages)
1979
The Banlcipal Masteuater treataent syste* at »er«oatville, Michigan
{pop. S"75), consists of tuo facultative stabiiizatior coaas folloyed by
four surface Irrigation fields. The facility uas studied to identify
and evaluate features of the wasteuatcr-uetland coaplei that uoald Bake
it a, feasihle alternative aaoog snail coeasoity nastewater treataent
srsteBS. Phosphorus aad nitrocen concentrations were ncnitcred throogh
the systea. Phosphorus conceotraticns in the irrigation fields actually
increased at tioes, but overall resctals averaged 95 percent in the
soil. A certain degree of nitrification-cenitrification also takes
place io the systcs. tiutrlent uptake by vetland plants uas also
studied. Capital and o G R cost studies indicate this method is
cocpetitive for treating snail flows.
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
L0008S«
K/A
Enerqy, Hater and Teleco»»unlca t ions Cepartaent, Ihe Borld Sani
Appropriate Sanitation Alternatives: A Technical and Economic Ippraisal
70
-------
- SosaatT Report
SOURCE: Eeergv, Batee asd TslecoisstonicatioBE Eepartseat. tfce 8ocld fanfe, P. 3.
Eeport So, EES 20 («7 pages)
TEii : 1979
TEXT : This report presents the eesglts of tso jeers of field steolss
teken tjf the tJorld Beak in 39 caneusit ies is 14 ccsstries eroasd
world to identify appropriate tecaeoleqies for sasitatiee in Se
countries. It suaeaeizes the fcre-aii tccksicai, ecosoele. besith.
social biddings of the research, and it discgsses the aspects of
plsasinq oec«ssBCf ta ispleaeat tfee fiBdisqs. Osefol £e piessieg offi-
cials end policy a^Biscrs narfeieg in, oc foe, l*ts deselo^ej coGBt:ics.
tfes
esd
4CC8 t 1000855
lUTKOB: reaches, E.G.. Bradley, D.J., Gareliclc. B.. Rata. B.E.
fifFIL : The Bo rid BSOK
TITLE : Health Aspects of Excrete esd Hastanater pjaaegesest - Part 1
509RCE: Ea«r<3?. Hater ead TeleccBau&icetioeis Cepare^eat, The Bccld Baesfe (229
pages)
IESE : 1978
TEXT : Pact oae of a two part book deals uj.tk tSte effects OB pot lie health
broeaht about by trsa dssiaa end JnpiesentatioE of teprosed «sefe£« &lr.~
posal projects, it pcoifiaes iaforuatios oa £fe« coBttol of 3iseag« st-
tcibctteo So i B£ro»e»este in esccete Aisp^sal sfstess ®t«sd iai ecccosi&^K. ^s^iQ^exs,
teealth voiKecs an<2 plsBserSe fis-2 it has tees wiittect aitn a ieiaiugs of
t«chaical jarnoB so that it cas be Eca<3ily eedfirsteo4 By people £eea
19 pec Sessional bccisgtO'iBfis. jsar}
ICC8 : 1300356
AUTKOPs mQBeker?er> J.T.
ami. s Coasaltaata Oa-Sita Sastcnater Disposal
TITLE : The Prisciple of Alternatioo Q£ Scfasutface Ecstetater D5.sp'jsal
SOUSCE: Hysearch and Deeulopeeat, &&KCOZ, lac., Ficilsr. CS (13 images
XE&R Z 1976
TEST : The principles aotl advantages of osisn aJteraatlDj setsurfsce disscssl
fields arc discusy-2d. Soil charect«ristics and t£e i»ff^cts OD =oil
a£tec uster percolation ace desctited. chspces in scil persseaail
to OQchatiical and biological aechanises are cocsi dere:*. ID detail.
siga soQqsstioBS are gi*en for aiternatiEg fced Isyoet »i* for use
salves, distribution boies, ead itfcatlser pif.es. (Skf°
ity dee
6s-
o£
AUTHOE
SOUBCE
XE£B
TEIT
L000857
Kill, D.E.,
c.n.
of Septic 5yste«s in Concccticut Soils
The Connecticut Agriculture Expeciseat Stetlon, Eulletin 737 (22 pages)
1978
A field soreey of septic systes loBge»it]r is described iBClufliog Infls-
enca of soil type, repairs, aai health codes. Since 1960.
-------
spreading, of these, tfew recycle, self-centaise
-------
ticn, and 6) package tr^«t«ent salts. Aflfaatages esd Itaitatioes e£
each Sfctea aze qivea slaccj «lt& sc«e cc&t iofoceatiOB.
4CCI :
ABTBOI:
AfflL :
TITLE :
SOURCE i
TEA! :
TEIT :
LOCOSfiO
Eschueqe. 8.
U.S. Ceaerai accounting Office
Septic Sjstsos Can 8e viable. tow-Cost &1 tereatiees
Hater ass Sen&q« Bosks. 127(3) :«0, 50-5! (3 pages)
Septic syEtess are endorsed as as effective loaq-tera tool for esste-
aatec disposal. S«ptic systess can: 1) provide «s good OE tetter treet
eeat thaa ceattal .'SfEtssas, 2} ase less, eeecgr, acrl 3) ce-pleaish qreyea-
ooters. T6»e article discusses sysfcee ion^ewlty. deslgs proslcsa t&chnolosies foe
SOUSCl: ttccg?, tSaief aad "ei^cassuaiCiciocs
BO. SIS 22 (194 pages-}
: 1979
: Tbe results of fieW studies cecsifiiS es;t is five ifrScse ceae^ties ss a
pact of a uoclS 8anS cesftstch sro-S«ct ot scBcopriat'a eecijsoic?? fee
Het«r fiopplv aad uflste disposal .set sriosdr 1 ?" d ia this- copoct.
sanitat.toa iechooIoqifiS cui^oe^lf 8$s<3 i.e QtbaE Jifcics: bit
coepostinq toilets^ L-ocitt't iatjiKSE aaS sqfci^pElsles ere
thelc tecbuical, «coBOi»icr isst S t atloa^i, 'scciaX ar, -i hea
and cOBStcaiBts. Hetboas foe tccbnclc?? cosparisoe «r,<5 seiecticH ece
aa4 areas foe: future coscijcu <:£« icoicated. (SU?)
as
ACCt
iUTBOS
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEIT
IC00866
«/&
Cte»joB Oflpartaent of ER»iroa«esital Coaiity
Oi-Sitc 5e¥*c;e Disposal in QreqoB
Oreqos Dapsrtsent of E-ieiroaaestal Cialitj, t23U S.M. HorriEOa,
Portland. Csreqos S7205 (20 pages)
1976
on-slto s««aq«» ilsciSsai [jrogras of tKe Oreooo Departseat of EB»itOQ-
alitT is assessed. its proiross, pn-ocleas «r,d fytsce issaes
. Iecisi-ti?s ittef.tics are 3 iscuscijd. At. the tiae the paper
«as urittea the act'ccved all tec bat 1 ve trpatsoot sjstess veto statlHia-
tion poads, laad IrriqstloB ami boldlaq tsalts. State c«?uiatlOBS re-
septic toal ins tal iat ice ace disc qisen. (SilF)
sect
AOTBCB
AFfiL
TITLE
SOOfiCE
TEAR
TEIT
L000867
H/A
Ban Tork State De?act»eat of Kealth, Division of Sanitjry Ecgineetlng
Baste Treatsent HanebooS. In(Jl»idiai Household Systcas
Sew Jock State DepactaeBt ot Bealth («0 pages}
1579
A handbook prepared by the Ben York State Department of Bealth presides
standards for the desiqa, coostroctioa acd eainteaance of i.:asebold sea
age disposal systeas. The bandtook applies to svstess teceising Ccs«s-
tic-tTpe sei«a
-------
periodical Baooai saepliaq fat i period of at least one year for each
cest area. (AUJ
ACCJ L000869
AUTKOfi Hianefcergec, J.T.
A.FFTL Consultant, Septic-Teak Systecs, Berkeley, Califcrnia
TITLE Correlation of T&tee Techaigaes foe Cetereininc Soil Fereeabllitv
SOURCE On-Site Haste FUaageaeat Sol. 113 (30 pages)
TEAB 197U
TEXT The following pecaeeters Here correlated IB an analysis of proceeflates
used to define sail permeability: 1) The percent clay in a soil derived
ftoa 6 cossion pecfeBt aatecial, 2) oeasureseats of the coefficient of
pecoeabi) it.y alife a sodified sersiot of acre ccsplei: constant-head
pecDeaseters, aaS 3) one percolation-ttst procedure used in septic-task
practices.
It uas asserted that skills of technicians are not equal aad the
nature of the pecBeaeeter aad percolation tests is such that tecfcnf.-
cians' skills are critical. Replicated eeasureseats of sane materials
uould field a popalation taean ana v8Eiancee depending OD the particular
technician, t recoeaended percolatica test is offered in th9 Appcndiz.
(AU/SU7)
ACCS : L000870
AUTHOBi drouuec. J.. Hillatt. S.T.. ?an de Graetf. H.H.n.
AF?II. : La tcobe Onisecsity aafi '5oll Conser^dtioa acthority,, ?ictoria
TISLB : She Hydrology of Qa-si'ce Septic Tanfc Effloeat Disposal OB a felloe
Duple: Soil
SOURCE: li/h
TEXT : A trench systea fcr oa-site disposal of septic fcaak effluent. sitaat<&<3
OB a yellot dupiea soil uas aooxtoced for several souths. obser?atioas
were soda oo various factors affectiag the pattern of flo« of the effla-
ent through the soil, soO oa the chenge IB qiialit? of the efflnent ubile
it passed throuqb the soilo The effluent disperses wainiy through
interfloir duriag »et periods arid tbrongh ewapotranspiration during dcy
periods. Parificatioa by the soil with respect to nitroqea aad pbos-
pboras is considerable aad apparently adecjoate. Comparison is Hade
two other systc-es also eonitoied, one on a sisilzc scil and one on a
krasnozes. (AU)
iCC»
SUTHOB
ATPIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEIT
L000671
G.
Eneritus Professor. Richiqan State Unist rsity and Consultant to the
Richigan Vitrifiei Tile Cospanjr
The Sheldon Inserted Disposal Field Systea
On-Site Waste Kaeageaeat, Vol. I (3 pages)
Ihe Shelioa Systsa, A variation OB the septic tank - soil absorption
sifstea,, feeds ef*la«n*. free the septic tack into the disposal field.
The srsten uses clay drain tiles ulth perforations located in the upper
half of the til«>. The theory pf the Sheldon or Inserted Tile Sjstes is
to provide a water-tight conduit in the loaer half of the tile line,
allcjtfina settling-oat of the solids froB the wasteuater. The clear
effluent escapes through the perforations at the top of the line. Tb«
solids can te flashed out of the line «h°n the septic tank is cleaned.
-------
1.0-1.5 oc/1 Mill tjlve a 99 perceat kill rate Hhen place! is contact
»ita tae aicrobe-laden uastenater for 30 einutes. Rowe&er, varieties
suc
-------
soil infiltration aad evapo-transplration. Sections include 1) research
investigations coaparing septic and aerotic tanks in teres of BOD, sus-
pended solids aad colifore counts; 2) recoaeendatioas fcr design and
operation of wasteHater disposal units fcr hoses; 3) calculations of
required interface area for seepage beds and seepage trenches; sad
-------
AFFIl
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAH
TEXT
S/4
Guidelines for Bound Systeas
State Hater Resources Control Board of California (93 pages)
I960
This is a detailed technical sanual suitable for direct Incorporation
into local California health regulations. The sanual presents diagtaas
and tables applicable to the design cf sound systems for residential
uasteeater disposal. Includes discussion of systee rehabilitatioa,
ocdificatIons for coeeercial UE«, trcuble-shocting and cre*eatioa, *nd e
refined soil percolation test. (SWF)
ICCe L000863
AUTHOE H/A
AFFIL B/A
TITLE Residential Greyuater Banaqesect in California
500BCE State Hater Resources Control Board of California (38 peges)
I E A 8 I 9 BO
TEXT California's total donestic uater consueption is twice, and cotdccr use
four tiaes, the national average. Greyuater use is a setbotJ of uater
conservation and a uay to reduce loadings of septic tank leachfieldso
The report describes eethods of qreyuater tieataent, public health con-
siderations asd surseys of public acceptability. In recognition of the
preuailinc) legal restrictions of areyuater use, it suggests approaches
to peblic edacaKion and aa opea-ulnded approach to local paBsqesent and
regulatory policy. (SMF)
ACC8 L000881
AUTBGS Gupta. A.S.,, Kcfflar, L.t Ctiakrabarty, S
AFPIL Ooi». of Eoorkee and Ceatral Research
TITLE Evaluation of Mater-Closet Perfomance
SOUECE IniiaE Journal of Eacirongsntal Health
ing Besearch Institute. Hagpur. India,
YEfiB 1978
TEXT Deals uith a study on efficiencies of
and pass if. combination with 10.0 an3
sioulatinq field conditions; in a multl
included a flushing efficiency test, c
test. CoDclusions ftos tfte experiBent
in the drainage systea depended on the
the type o£ trap ased, the capacity of
which the toilet has been placed, and
stack. (3HF)
.P.
Institute, Rocrkee, Inila
Katiocal Environaental FcqJns«r-
20(3):2«9-257 (9 pagcsj
different types of toilet bowls
6.5 liter capacity cisterns
-story eijeriaental acctep. Tests
olythene hall test, aeS a seodge
s shouefl that toilet perforsance
water ssal area of the to.tlst,
the cistern, the floor level at
the discharge passing through the
*CCI : L000865
AUTHOR Johnsoe, E,B.
iFFII. Clark Qnivecsity, Worcester, Massachusetts
TITLE Haste iiatec Reuse and Bater Quality Planning in Hew England: Attitudes
and Adoption
SOUKCE .later iesonrces Beseerch, 1 5 (6) : 1 329--3U (6 pages)
TEAR !S79
TEXT Consideration cf wastenater reuse as a uastewatcr aanagenent aethcd is
required in federal uater quality planning. ihis paner reports the re-
sult of a survey of sajor participants in such planning ir* Neu England.
It found that only cursory consic'.ei ation uas given to w
-------
Geneva. Switzerland (194 paqes)
YSAE : 1956
TEXT : Increasing food de«and, coupled aith decreasing sell fertility, has fo-
cused attention on the ace of crqaeic wastes to iaprose agricultural
production. Kitrcgen. phosphcras. pctash and Bicrc-eutcieBts necessary
tor plant grouth are In abur-dast supplj in night soil, sewage and ean-
ure. Lack of knowledge ccncecEing the sanitary use and disposal of the
wastes has led to the increased incidence of enteric disease, ('specially
in the rural parts of the HorlJ. The report presents treataent sethods
aud processes for sanitary disposal and utilization of these organic
waste aaterials. The basic aspects of coapostinq and current research
results are discussed. Planning and Bethels £01 uaste use et fares,
villages, saall towns and cities .tute for Bater Research. Pretoria. Scuth Africa
Sewage Tceata^nt Uorks foe ssall Ccaaunities — A Heed fee Careful
Lfcsiqn aad Gper&tion
International
Conference oe Hater Pollution Control in Developing
Countries, Bangkok. Thailand (17 n-sass)
I 978
AB account is gives of design faults, operational shortcoalaq and aal-
facctiOQinq of units for saall seasge works along with soqqestloBS for
the improvement of plant portorsance. The chsecvations oaae in practice
pertain oainlT to facoltatiwe (stabilization) pond systess, conventional
biological filter plaats and to eiteaded aeration-type activated sludqe
plants; they are aeaiit to sticalate critical regular inspection of
purificatiOQ plants, »bich should lead to proapt applicatioa of
practical corrective ueasares. Eaphssis is pltced on the need for
properly trained, interested ao3 activated operators evea fee the
saallest treatment worHs. JiU/ShFJ
tecs
A'JTKOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAH
TEXT
LOOOS89
Kara, D.
Cept. of Civil Enqineeriao, Daiverrity of Dundee, Scotland
Seuaqe Treatnent in Hot Clxeates
John Wiley and Sons, Hew York (T6fc pages)
1976
In this prsc t iticner * s handbook, special attention is <3e»ote4 to statl-
ponds, waste reuse a^i aqusculturp practice
ince these
processes show the «ost potential for tropical under-ievelc pe3 countries.
FcJlouinq basic chapters on se«a^e, sewage treatsent, sicrociclocj and
BCD reuoval kinetics, there ace cbaptr-s on the Eajcr ce&tral and
OB-site tceataent facilities which cc-i-^r aethods ct operation, design
criteria, construction, snd sa
-------
SOURCE:
Interaediate Technology Publications, 9 Ring St., London KC2E BBS
England (9t pages)
Engl
TEAS : 1976
IES1 : This handbook cowers various aspects which sust te considered when in-
vestigating the develcpsent of a n«iter supply and sewage disposal scheme
for a seal! coaauaity. It discusses «atet source selection asd sipple
water testing, supply and treatsect, and w^stewater and excrets dis-
posal. Also covets various sewage treataent nethcds, efflusst aad
sludge disposal, and suggestions fcr eaergency Later and tfasteuater
treatment. Ccataias sketches and d.agrans of all systees and eqoicstat
discussed. Includes a glossary of terss. (SuF)
ACC6 1.000393
AUTHOS B/A
4FFIL Stinscn Beach County Bater District, Stinson Roach. California
TITLE Hoaeoaners and Users Guide for Gcsite Basteuater Disposal Systess
SOURCE California State Hater Resources Control Board <9 pages)
TEXT s This guide explains r.d soluble cCD reduction,
followed by chesical co»aul at .'.on-seci sen tation and aultisedia
filtration. Approriaate'cost:; are giren fcr the reccusended systee
on a cents per thousand gallon basis. (AU/SWF)
ACCI : L000897
AUTHOB: Otis. B.J., Boyle, W.C., Converse, J.C.. Tyler, E.J.
AFFIL : Saall Scale Haste Manageaent Project, University of Wisconsin, Badison,
Wisconsin.
79
-------
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
On-Site Disposal of Snail Hasteaater Flows
Efiticoaeental Protection Agency Technology Transfer (91 pages)
Discusses research fcj the UBivetsity of Hisccnsln into the on-site dis-
posal oi uastetseter. Tbe Sasali Scale aostfe Raasqeaent Project investi-
gated the uso of soil foe treateent, and aasteuater disposal resesrch
««s aiacd at detecai»iaq the causes leadinq to septic task-soil atsctf-
tiOD field failure, iapcovinq of site characterization petboda, systsa
tiesiqn and system coasisuctics for oe-site aastesatec disposal, lisdioq
effective alternatives to the septic tanfc-soii atscrptioo £iels IE rrofc-
lem soils, developing Bore efficient saaasjeEeot techniques to oa-site
nasteudtet disposal systees, aad assessing the iselicetions of ne*
wastenater disposal techniques for lacd use plannltiq., Uasteuatec dis-
posal systeas not dependent oe soil an<3 site corjtfitiins, scch as
aerobic processes, intaraitteBt granular filtration and e^apotraaspira-
tiors are discusseu. ftouoti and unaerdcsia systems are presented as
alternative systees for proisloB soils. (SHF)
iCCt r 1000898
AUTHOR: BEOSO. D.V., White, R.K.
iFFIL : S/A
TITLE : Ssptaqe Disposal alternations ID Bural Areas
SOUHCE: Cbio Agricultural Beseacch easS Bsselopaent Center, U.S. 250 and Ohio 63
South, Booster, Ohio. Beseerch Salleftla 1096: cr Cooperative Exteesir.n
Service. The Ohio State Onia.,, EnteaiUoa Eulletin 624 HO pages)
IEAB : 1977
TEXT : This project in t*o soutbera Ohio counties coasidered arailafale roral
septage disposal alternatives. Methods selected Cor handling one sil-
iioa qalloss ana^illf uases J1} tbcee parallel stecage fcasins for tbree-
year holdiaq capeicity prior to lead spreading, (2j liae stabili2atios
prior to land spreading. aaiS (j) disc&aroe iato a se«eqc treatment
plaEt. Storage bosiys offer the siaplost technology, nanaqeacnt and the
lowest cost. Liae tredtaer.t can be helpfal in areas uith liec-defIcieat
soils. Hher« soils are unsuited fcr inriltratloa, treatment plant
disposal nay be the oal; alternative. £SaF)
4UTHOS
*FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAB
1EIT
tOC0899
Sharpa, H.E.
School of Fctest Resoorces and the Institute fcr Research on land end
Baler Resources, Penr ::?l»ania State Qnieersity, University Park, Pf
16602
Katec Conservation Devices lor Kea cr Existing Cwellinqs
Journal Asetican Hater Uorks Association, 73 ( j) :1 US- 1 US (6 pacer,)
1973
Discussion of individual hose water ccnser»atica with esphasis on toilet
and shower devices. Results are qiven on uater teiacticn efficiency,
test; of toilet devices, an'i iiot late cospdrisons of ^hoiier devices
•ade by the California Department of Hater Resources. General cost
icforaaticn ar.d perforicance criteria are qieec fcr toilet and shouer
devices. Briefly sectioted in connection uith in-duelling ccn -/er nation
de»iceE ere water-saninq toilets, autosatic washinq eachines, faucet
desices, leak detection tablets, p re.5Eure-re.iuci rq valves ara spray
taps. Specific conser»atio" device cperatioaal paraaeters are
recoaBenfied.
iUTHOS:
iFFIL :
TITLE :
SOURCE:
I£X1 :
LC009CO
Schaidt, C.J.
SCS Enqineers, Long Eeach. Califcrnii
Rural Hastenater Hanagfaent it Califcrni.i
Tbe California Kdter Resources Control Pyarfl, Sacrasento, C* {53 pages)
Uatei aanageaent in the hose, aousehcld «Es^e«aler and rural uasteaater
problees are discussed in this guidance «anual. On-sit= systc-ns aod
centralized sewer alternatives are eiplained with reqarn to ad van t ag«?s,
disadvantages and cost con.«:i der^t > ons. Sp'e'iiES ict tailing systeas and
aaaaqenent o£ on-iile systeas are also discussed. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHC5
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
1000901
flcCoy. E., Ziebell, V. A.
Ciwii EiiqineeLin.j, University of Wisconsin, nadison, Hi£con^in
The Effects of Effluents on Grounduater: bacteriological Aspects
Proceedings of the Second National Conference, Indi»idoal Cn-site
tfastewater 3/steos, 19"75: 67-90 (11 pages)
1975
Discusses bacterial content cf sewage and sechaniSRS of soil treatsent
for bacterial reaoval. Presents data on bacteria reaoval through sell
colanns. Data include^ variations ic rescval at different depths end
c»er a period of ti»e with a discussion of factors which influence sell
treatment. (SkF)
80
-------
ACC»
AUTHOR
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0009C2
K/A
B/A
Uyoeicg Bequices Financial Analysis in Step 1 of Facilities Planning
EoviroBBental Finance, 1(2):5 (t pagt)
1931
Describes the State of Hjoisinq'c reguiresents for 20t grantees tc seet
specific financial pianolas lorecasts doring Stec 1 of the facilities
plnnniaq pto^ess. £ test case using these aew financial planning
procedures coaducted in the Hiils-Cesj:er-E'sansdale area is cited and
recoaaended to ser*e as an esasple tot other agencies contesplating
siailar 201 proqraa involveaent. A contact perscn and location is qi»er
toe acce icforeation on the subject. (oBF>
ACC8 :
AUTHOR:
AFF1L
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
LC00903
Goldstein, S.
H/A
The Prise Bowers cf Sludge
BicCfde, ;2«2):2
-------
SOUfcCE: HiT£E/Ef,cce
AUTHOR
APTIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEA*
TEI1
., Huffsan, G.L., Sreen, 1., Julkins, J.F.
of Inteceitteat Sand Filters Loaled with Sioqle-Cell
n Peart Effluent
o£ Water Pollution Coatrol fedarsticn, 53 (5) :587-593 (7 pages)
1981
Eecaas* of the ust of single-ceil oxidation ponds in the United States
acd tt* inability of these facilities to ac-et the defiuitions of
secondary treataent as set forth ty the U.S. EPA, t study of
intereitient SAHJ filters as a liable alternative to help reach these
efflvjfcit stanlsrds was conducted. The apnlicaticn of single-cell
ciidjtica pood effluent to inter»ittent sacd filters of differing sand
sizes tni loading rates o»er aa extended teitina period yielded these
finditis: 1) suspended solids reso»
-------
IEAH : 1980
TEXT : Hacraeties and required aaintenaoc* pro^tass fcr co-site septic task
vasteuater disposal systess are discussed in this three-repcrt Dolose.
Titlss include "flaiisteaance by Private Industry of On-iite Bastesater
Disposal Systeas". by J.T. aiBneberger; "The Septic Systees. A Guide for
Hoeeownfers*. oy willlaa L. Rellen; and "A Siapie Pccsula for Successful
Systess". by Floyd L. fidttheiis. (Saf)
ACCli 1000912
AUTHOH YocntJ, C.E., f,ff, O.J., editors
iFFZL Peaasylvania State University. Institute for aesearch on Land aal eater
Resources
TITLE aesteuater Hanageaent in Rural Coeeanities: A Socio-Kcooosic
Perspective
SOURCE Information Re-port 103, Icr.titute for Research OB Land and Hater
Eesoucces, Pennsylvania State University, University ietk, PesasyIsacia
TEXT Tbe status of ecoaosic feHOMledae of wasteuater treatment, particularly
land application, is assessed in a collection of seven papers. 7cpics
addressed ioclui2«r alternatives fcr uastewster treatoect, land
treataent o£ aaste«acec, legal issues •assoctsted ttith land applicetioa,
laetJ treatment of siedge, pablic acceptasce of land application, ekacge
svsteos for industrial wastes, and cosprfchensiva planning aa-Ser Sectico
206 of P.I. 92-500. Four Inezes underlie the aiscussioas. Bestesstec
•asageaeat Bill fce costly to rorol coBEaoitieso Land applicstioc of
uasteuater and sludge is a gocl alternative for tceateent and (Sispcs
of uastes. It is desirable to joletlj treat industrial sastes nbes
coopat'ble and to charge orgaaizaticns the full cost of treating their
Hastes. Finally, the subsidy ptogtais proeidad by P.L. 92-500 say
discourage the Seuelopanet of econoaicaily efficient vesteuatec
traataent .i/steas. (AU)
60Ca6
*CC» 1000913
AUTBOB Bezek, J.U., Coocer. I. A.
»FFIL Seiet, Henry, nelsenheieer and Gende, Inc., Li ter t y sil? e, IL
TITLE Serfage Manqeaeat
SOURCE Buaicipal Enviironnent al Research Laboratory Report EPA-60C/G-8C-032,
U.S. £nif iconsental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OK 45268 (132 fsjfs)
TEAB i960
TEX7 Report present:; state-of-the-art inforsatlcn fcr isnlesent in^ cost-
eftectice and «;r>vironaen tally scuna solutions for septate ttet'tBent end
disposal. Curi:ent septate hauler practices, septaqe characterization
acd estioated hauler charges are Fre£e>)ted. Design concepts froa fall-
scale and pilot i retaliations, alon-7 uith capital and 0 r, n costs, are
? reseated on the following septaqe treatsent and disposal uethocs: 1)
aEd-based di&posal including spray irrigation, ridq« anl furrow, lend
spreading, subsurface in iecticn, buridl, tcencninq, disposal laqccns,
sanitary landfills, leacBinq i
-------
SOURCE: Best Virginia Department of Health, Division of Sanitary Engineering
TEAR : 1979
TEXT t This eanual provides kasic iefcreatioa accessary to croperly operate
ao4 oaintain a pacfeaqe plant, nest flints dc not achieve the design
reooval of pollutaats due to lack of operational aad eaintenence
knowledge. This saaual gives operators useful inforaation in dealing
installation, prc-1Icateent, chlorioation, etc. (S^F)
tec*
AUTMOB
TIIZ.E
IPFIt
SOUBCE
YCiB
TEXT
L000916
Seitb. B. TC., Left el. R. E.
Saall Town Opts fcr Foa.1 Hasteiiatec Treatsent
Caep Dresser C ScSee. lac.
Hater and Seuaqe Hocks. June 1970:72-79 (3 pages)
17/8
Pond vasteuater treatment proved to ce the cost econoeical and easy to
operate for the sea 11 town of RiHi Docket, flaine. The sjsteB consists
ol 13 acres of aerated a&d facultative poods ubicU provide the
equivalent of secondary treatsent via biological processes. Central to
the treatment of the 2.3 lic.r average flcu ace 262 static sutaerged air
ditfasers, each with
-------
TEAS : 1975
TEXT : Disinfection of co-site uastevater, via dry feed chlorinatloo of sand
filter effluent Is described IB this research report. evaluation of tfc€
chlorlnatica unit uas based OBOE the folloaitsg criteria: 1) disiefectico
pecfocsance, 2) hypochlorite tablets, as3 3} saintenaece reqaireaeets.
The author concluded th it: a) ftdeguate distafectioa of sand filter
effluent aas attained tr chlorinatioo: t) residual cblcciiae after «.5 to
8 nours contact tiss raaged i'toa 0.1 to 1 sa/1; c) chlorine sptaise rat*
for the aerobic unit-sand filter «as 0.6 to 0.9 tafclets/1000 «lras breakth-roagh of greater than one percent
of the added virus. Houever, ->* e-~^ = "^f cf *he viruses sti)l «ere
recoved fros the infiltrating «atvr at flou ra^eo <>z hi-;K »s lia/day^
Tha velocity of i*ater soveeent thrcogh the soil aay be the single isrt
iiportact factor affectir.q the depth of vires penetration. (AUJ
1CCI
ADTBCC
AffIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEXT
L000923
N/A
Rissoori Departienv. of Natural Resources aai Risscuri DepartieDt cf
Health
Missouri Hosecwners Guide to Septic Tank use
Missouri Oepartaent cf natural Kesoorces (12 pages)
1979
This Hissoori hoseownecs guide provides aasaers to the question: "Is
the septic taok seuaqe disposal' sys tea the test answer to ny needs?"
Tcpics i&clude: state statutes and regulations, geological conditions,
soil type, soil surveys and septic tank eaiatcnance. Suggested septic
tank alternatives include cocposting toilets, lagoons, aerated tan«s and
soil looads. (SUF)
ACCI
AUlfOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
LOOG921
aaiaa, V.
Indian Hater Pollution Control Association Seuslttter
Hater Hyacinth - Foe or Friend?
Highlights, 17 (12): (1 page)
85
-------
YEAB : Deceefcer 1760
TEIT : The water hyacinth. a persistent aquatic need ia tesperate areas of tt>?
world, has teea recently «s<"3 as e eiable scthod fee itastewater
trottsettt. Water hvaciaths efficiently rescve organic sateriale, hea«;
aet«la, phosphorus and attcogec present ia sasteKatec. Espesiaeata
incorporation satar hyaciotfts la existing EacalaUve «ed secoBSsry
lagoons treating doaestlc Baste*«tet yielda*! BCD reeasels of 70 tc 90
percent. Susp«aa-sd solids r_ cult 'ires ir.vclves sanj coasi
-------
concentrations lot alqae utilization. The authors spcccst the
alqae/bactet ia ratio as a pood operation criterica aao 'guideline for
chdooes required to increase asd totel phosphates (as P).
OtBar specific topics include: aj design criteria for ?»ecy phase oif
the plant ftoa tar screen to al'ja stcraqe; t) chfnlcal choice; c)
perfomance; and .
ACCI L:Q0932
AUTHOB Tip, S.U., Uona, H.H.
AFFIL The Chinese Universitr of Honq Konq
TITLE The Effect of Seuage Slodqe on the Growth Rate of Carp, "C|friDOS
carpio L."
SOURCE £n»iron«cnt«l Pollution, It (2) : 1 27-1 32 (6 paces)
TEAR 1977
TEXT A sewage effluent and different concentrations of digested sludqe
ranqinq froa 0 to 0.6 percent in tap uater uere used for raising carp.
The highest growth rate of c^rp occurred in the 0.2 percent slodqe,
followed by the sewaqe erfluent and C percen'c, O.U percent, 0.6 percent
and 0.6 percent «edia. Similar results were obtained froa BeasureeeBts
of the dry w«iqbts and protein contents of the carp at th£ end of the
eiperlaent.
The higher Betel contents in the 0.1 percent. 0.6 percent and C.8
percent »edia possibly accounted for the death ana unhealthy appearance
of fish reared in these atdia.
It is urqed that the aaount of sludqe be estiaated accvrotely
before it is dispcsed into fish ponds. The uptake o£ hea»y isotals aod
ether persistent laterials by fish should also be in»estiqated. (SU)
ACCI :
ADTHDE:
L000933
Spohn, I.E.
87
-------
AFFIL
TITLE
SOU8CE
TEAB
TEXT
Ccapostinq Consultant, Heidelburq, Geraany
Detersination of Conpost Maturity
Coapost Science/Land Utilization. 19(3):26-27 (2 pages)
1 9 7o
A do-it-yourself cheaical test can detersine when coapostinc aatecial
has reached maturity This indorsation cac help persit the sost
efficient use of lanu and cquipsent, detecsine ahen coipostei aaterial
is ready for agricultural use and evaluate a proaoter's claiss. (SKF)
ACCI
AOTHOB
AFFiL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
LC0093U
Ealaer, P., Vik, 3.
Norueqian Institute for Water Research, Norway
Coaestic Hastenatet Treatsect with Ciiaation Ponds in Coabinaton with
Cfaeaical Precipitation
Progressive Hater Technology, 10(5/6):867-880 (13 pages)
the article discusses doaestic wastewater treatsent by cheaical
precicitation with oxidation ponds in pilot plaot and full-scale
treatsect plants. Coagulent used i.i the pilot plant is alus. The study
evaluates sorweqian winter and susser cospariscns of cheaicai
precipitationc Phosphorous, nitrogen, suspended solids, and C.O.C.
removal charts are presided. hiperieaces with full-scale poeSs ate
discussed acd resoval data are provided.
ACCt
AUtHOH
AfFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
TEAK
TEXT
L000935
Cook, H.S., Saith. H.
EFA Office of yater Prcgras Operations
Ac Alternative: Seall Systeais for Saall CoresuEities
Clcaruaters - Be« Xork Water Pollution Control Association, 7(2):
1S-15 (2 paqes)
A representative froa EPA's Office of Kater Progras Operations gives
statistics on funding allocations froa wasteuater treatsent in cot1;
largo and ssall coasiunities. He enphasizes that ssall cosaunities have
suffered econoaic hardship because cf inadequate considers!ioa of
alternative collection and treat-Bent systeas. A case in poiat is given
of how Coyler, He« tcrk, joined toqetaer with Cortland County to install
a coBBunity grinder puep/Ieachfield systee which served forty hoses.
The proiect uas funded through totK a grant and a loy interest loan fro»
FaSi. Cost of the project was <:'ibO,COO uith the tonn taking
responsibility for all 0 6 fl fcllouing construction. (Stff)
ACC*
AUTHOB
AFTIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
1C00936
Grannet, K.
Institate of Hygiene. University cf Aarhus, DK-6COO Aarhus C. Denmark
and Danish Land Developsent Service, DK-GBOO, Uitcrg, Cennatt
Disappearance of Microorganisos by Infiltration and Percolation of
Sevage
Progress in Hater Technology, 2 (B/5):473-431 (9 paqes)
1979
Discusses a study of a Danish town of 1500 person-equivalents which used
an infiltration basin for wastewjter treataent. Results showed that
iiicicator bacteria and viruses wece coepletely removed after
infiltration tvnd percolation through 20 m of sand. At a vertical depth
of 10 a froa the tottos of the infiltration basin, the aicrobial quality
of water just e^t drinking water standards. The greatest rcuoval of
bacteria occurred in the first aeter of unsaturated flow.
ACCt
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
IOC0937
Schutt, K., Converse. J.C., Vala, L., ptis, R.J.
The Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Surv=y, Sisconsin
Departeent of Natural Resources and Enviror.aental Protection Agency
Locating and Ltndscapinq the Bound Systeo of On-Site tfastewater
Disposal
SBbll Scale Baste Manageaer.t Project, University of Wisconsin-Hadison
(12 pages)
1978
This publication introduces the possibilities of the sound s^sten as a
landfora design eleaent. Topics include: a) site reguireuents. t)
lacdscape options, c) design checklist, d) functional analysis-cutble
diaqraa, e) landforn, vegetation and design, f) plant selection and g)
total organization. (Sk'F)
ACCI : L000938
AUTROE: Anderson, J.L., Bouna. J.
AFFIL : University of Wisconsin; Soil Science Institute, Wageningen, The
Netherlands
TITLE : iiatar Koveaent Through Pedal Soils I) Saturated Flow II) Unsaturated
85
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Flow
SOOHCE: Soils Science Society of iaerica Journal. «1:U13-a23 (11 pages)
IEAE : 1977 K
TEXT : Desonstrates the potential usefulness of routine soil structure
descriptions as a correlative tool for precictlrq certa'a aspects of
physical behavior. Frovided are two separate articles that study water
•oveaent through pedal soil Bith saturated and ucsatutated flow
conditions. £11 soils have a silty clay tezture. five sediuo
subanqolar blocky structures nere coapared with five prisuatic
structures. Application of an unliaited quantity of traced water to
drained coluans resulted in very high dispersion, particularly for
subangular blocky structures. Breakthrough curves for different flows
are provided. (AU/SKF)
ACC»
AU7K08
4FPIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEXT
1000939
Saner, O.K.
Uaisersity of Hisconsin-fiadison
Surface Discharge Treatsent Systes Using Intermittent Sand Filters
University o£ Hisconsin-Kadisoo {15 pages)
A uasteuatec systea vith prinary treataeDt, via septic tank or aerobic
treatnent, and secondary fcteatoent, via intereittent sand filters end
disinfection,, is discussed in this report. The author suasariaes the
engineering technology of this surface discharge disposal systes and
also recoBBeeds the direction of future research in th« deselopeent of
this alternative. Diagraas for interaittent sand filtration systess are
presided. (SHF)
*CC8
4UTHCE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOHCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0009UO
Barshied, R.D., El-Baroudi, K.K.
Bensselaec Polytechnic lastitute, Troy, K.T.
Fhysical-Cheaical Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent
Journal aater Pollution Control Federation, U6(1C):23. «7-5« {8 pages)
1971
Discusses the physical-cheaical treataent of septic tank effluent for
phosphorous control and septic tank effleent characteristics. ChEBical
coagulants used in the paysical-cheoical systeir include iiae, fercic
chloride, ferric sulfate and alas. Coaqalant dosage is jiscussed.
Gravity settlinq and filtration with activated carbon nere used for 50
percent CCD resoval. (SJF)
KCCt
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEII
L0009«1
Kin?, C
Pennsylvania Tntercjovernaeatal Council
Hater 6 Sewer - Pcsource Guide
5»all TOUB Enphasis Prograa, P.O. Eoi 1268, Harristurq, PA 17106 (58
pages)
I960-
The purpose of Snail Toun Euphasis Prcgras is to enable Cofflaunlty ftcticu
Agencies and the leadership of saall cosaunities to undertake cosaunity
facility projects. These can pertain to health care, uater and seuer,
transportation, housing, econooics develcpeent, cr energy which
adversely effect low incone residents of saall ccscunitles. This guide
contains a list of prograss, aqancies aid organizations that could
assist aunicipalities, coeaunity groups, and otntr parties to tetter
utilize the technical and financial resources available to thee. (SHF)
ACC*
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEXT
L000912
tloellet, J.R., Calkins, J.
Idaho Division of Environeent, Pocatellc and University of Kentucky,
Lexington
Bactericidal Agents in Uaste«ater Lagoons and Laooon Design
Journal Hater Pollution Control Federation, 52 (10):2UU2-2Q51 (10 pages)
1980
A study Mas conducted at the Kest Kickean Creek Wastewater Treateent
Plant near Leiington, Kentucky, to detersine the effect of solar
ultraviolet light (UV) on colifors nuabers in tertiary lagoons. Hean
reduction of total and fecal coliforas ranged froa 62.9 to »7.« percent
and from 66.7 to 70.0 percent, respectively, in three of the fonr
lagoons. Effective colifora reduction was restricted to the tcp 30 c».
of each lar;.jon. The authors suggest the use of naturally occurring
bactTicVaal agents - UV, teaperature and wind action - to provide
disinfection coaparable to chlorine without the undesirbale effects of
chlorine. A theoretical tertiary lagoon system to iahance UV tilling is
described. (SUF)
ACC*
L0009H3
89
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AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
Heddy, K.8., Graetz, C. A.
University of Florida Agricultural Research anfi Education Center,
Stanford. Florida
Use of Shallow Beservoir and Flooded Organic Soil Systees fcr Haste
Hater Trealsent: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transfccaations
Journal of Environaental Quality. 10(1):113-119 (7 pages)
1981
Use of a shallow reservoir (aith a early clay loas bottcis) and flooded
organic soil (Histosol) Cor inorganic nitrogen and phosphate resc^al
froa udste uater (agricultural drairage effluent) uas evaluated under
simulated conditions. The results show that the shallow reservoir-; and
flooded organic soils could be effectively used fcr aoecnius nitrogen
and nitrate nitrogen reaoval fros th<> waste waters. Aerating the
floodwater resulted ia rapid resoval of aitrate nitrogtn as a result cf
ultrifiltration and aeaooia volatilization, creating an anaerobic
condition in the uater column resulted in slower reaosal of nitrate
nitrogen due to volatilisation. Nitrate R reaovsl was aore rapid
-------
AFFIL : University of Ibadan, Nigeria
TITLE : The Herits and De-Rerits of Package Sewage Treateent Plants in the
Developing Countries
SOU.trE: Hater Pollution Control, Part 1 1H3-1US (9 pages)
YFAa : 1?79 *
TEXT : The proper operation of package plants fcr sewage treatsent in
developing countries is dependent on factors of knowledgeable aanpower
and sufficient spare cosponents. Onf ortunately, these caraaeters are
seldoa set. Alternatives to package plants include czidation ponds,
aeration lagoons and oiidation ditches. Fa»orable environsenta 1
conditions, coupled tith low cost and ease of saintenance, sake these
siuple treataent aethcos practical for developing countries.
-------
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
souacE
TEAR
TEXT
LC00952
Cool broth
F. P.
\-ul»lULUt_U| r. t.
Frank Coolnroth-Sitton Sertic Tjnk Co., Plymouth, Minnesota
The Sewage Osmosis Concept fcr Orsite Jispo^al Systpts - Claj Soils
Individual Crisite Vasteuatcr Jystess Fioceedinc.s of tht Third Rational
Conference, 1976, Ann Arbor Sci^;.cc f J til isS^rs, Inc., (H pjqes)
Cescrices the concept cf, and experiences with, the sewage osaoEis
leaching trench syslea in clay soils. Design req'j ireraents an1 cost
figures i'cc the Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, area are given.
Aft-ir installation of SO systos, ?»perience buppcrts their use fcr
failing systen aoJification and for n-jj systess on si«all, clay sell
lots. (S&F)
ACC8 LC00953
AUTHOS Mines, >).
AFFli. Illinois Dept. of Public Sealth, Si.rinaf i°li!, Illinois
TITLE Effluent Quality Considerations Afiectina thft Use of Sand Filters and
Oxidation Laqoons
SOURCE Individual Cnsite Hast^«ater Systems - Proceedings of the Third Saticnal
Conference, 1976, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., (5 pages)
YEAfi i9 / /
TEXT Beqional and national effl'jent standards »ay not adequately apply to
saall scale s«waqe treazaaat plants la rural areas. Since sany of the
snail effluents discharge to Intermittent stteaits, the requireeeots of
eftluent quality are even biqhet. Ttiis cjuality increases the cost of
water treataent, yet as the author substantiates, it cannot be justified
fron the erivironsental aad public health protection standpoint. The
autSor suggests that effiaent quality standards te adopted on a state
wide or areauide basis and that sere stringent local standards te
aJooted for those areas with hi^b peculation density. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0009BO
Cross, ., L.
Presidenc, Frank Cross PE PA, Environsental Planning, Engineering and
flanageiet-t Services
Land Application of Sludge
Pollution Engineering, ll(9):83-86 (« pages)
1 979
The methods of land spreading of sludge, including regulations
concerning these aethcis, jiuantaqps, and disadvantages are discussed.
A table comparing slu.lge Application devices is included. (SWF)
ACCI L000955
AUTHOR Averill, J.
AFFIL dational Center fcr Appropriate Technology, Washington. TC
TITLE A Wood Frase Conposting Toilet - Design flans and Analysis of General
Probleo Areas
SOURCE N/A
IE4E 1979
TEXT A coocosting toilet can be a logical low-cost disposal alternative in
the steep terrain ant! ^aall lots cften encountered by low-inco»ie people
of Appalachia. The study explains the general design considerations
such as siting, proper suing, cost factors and evaluation of different
building materials. It sets performance criteria and discusses prctlcas
and solutions facing congesting toilets, including insect control and
the separate treatBent of orine and greywater. The repcrt concludes
with a section on specific construction aaterials and procedures for an
inexpensive wood-fra»ed co»posting toilet. (SWF)
ACCI L000956
AMHOB Jacobs, L. w., editor
Ai'FIL Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, flchigan State University
TITLE Utilising nunicipal Sewage Hastewater end Sludges on Land fcr
Agricultural Production
SOURCE North Central Regional Extension Publication Ho. 52 (75 pages)
IEAB 1977
TEXT A coaprehensive view of how the north-central region of the United
States u^es sewage wastewaters and sludges on land for agricultural
production. Eight chapters by university professors and extension
personnel deal with the technical and non-technicdl aspects cf land
application. Chapters one ^nd two discuss sewane sludges and wastewater
characteristics and aanagei'int. Chapters three, four, and fjve deal
with site selection, land-use considerations, environsental quality
standards, and health aspects. Chapte.s sir, sevren. and ei'jht give a
brief idea of the econosic aspcctsf institutional options, and
developing educational prcjjrans which explain the prac t iciil ity and
benefits of using these wastes on lani. Each chapter ends uith a list
92
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of key references, and the bulletin eels with a detailed indei. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCc
TEAS
TEXT
i.000357
Carriker. 3. R.. Starr, A. L., editors
Solvent Hater/Mastenater Systess for Snail Cosaiaitties - Proceedings of
a Conference
Food and Resource Ecoooaics Dept., Institution of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Florida; Florida Cooperative Eztension Service,
Center for Connunity and aural Development, Institute of toed and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, (72 pages)
1960
This Florida-oriented publication nhich esnhasiies rural Hater supply
contains papers concerning alternative institutional Bodes for
supporting coaeunity uater and sewer systees, financial assistance for
uatei; and sewer developsent, Orange Countjf's (Florida) esperien-es io
the acquisition of utilities, legal aspects of uater/wasteaater systea
finance and nanageaent, Florida's drinkinq uater quality staedards, ond
an overview of planning and sanagesent problees or saall water and
uasteuater systess in Florida, includes an appendix of indorsation on
cotouoity facility loans, and uater and baste disposal loans and grants
available through FeHA. Contains a l-ibiloqraphjf of 160 entries
pertaining to uater/uasteuater systess for ssali cossurities.
(AU/SHFJ
ACCS
AUTHOE
AFFI!,
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAS
TEXT
L0009S8
K/A
B/A
Saall Scale Sewage Treatsect - A Swiss View
Hater Services, October 1979, 83(100«): 787-768 <2 pages)
1979
Eiospiral units, which act such like ESC units, were developed in
SMitzerland for saall flows treateent plants. Th? biospical utilizes
polyviayl chlori-lc or polystyrei-e 2iscs that proaotf; seaage treatsent by
attached growth orqaniEES. A systee descriction and cost of one such
plant in Suitzei.-land is included. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEXT
1000959
HcCauhey, P. H., Hirineberqer, 3.H.T.
College of Engineering and School of Public Health, University of
California at Berkeley
* Study of flethoJs cf Preventinq Failure of Septic Tank Percolation
5yste«s
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gcveraeent Printing Office,
Washington, DC, (33 pages)
1967
?robleas facing septic tank sycteac operation are identified and
discussed. Percolation and infiltration canacity, factcrs affecting
clogging of soil aTd clogging cf leaching fields are thoroughly
detailed. Ar\ approach to sizing the percolation syste» and
recoaeendations to prevent cr postpone failure through closing and
resting sys ;e»s is included. (SkT)
ACCI
AUTtiCF
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAE
TEXT
L00096C
H / A
[Jepartuen*. of Health anJ Social Sciences, Division of health, Madison,
Wisconsin
Suaaarj Seport of a Savvey of Private Sewage Disposal Systeus Serving
Watei Fro.it pr.opr;'.. les
The State or Kiscocsin (12 pages)
1967
A survey of water front properties on eight lakes located throughout the
State of Wisconsin by the Department of Health «as connected to relieve
the aisconcepticns about the state septic tank lav. The report sho^s
the degree of cospliance with the eiistinc, regulations, the extent of
discharge of wastes into the grouad and i-.ito surface waters, the
effectivtress of t^e present proqrar procedure and the basic causes of
nonconplyinq installations. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LC00961
Tucker, L. S.
Urban Drainage and Fltiod Control District cf (let rcpoli t an Denver, CO
Golfview Estates Overcoses Sewage Handicap
Aaerican Land, ALCi. Washington, DC, Suaser 1972:22-26 (5 pages)
The scil conditions at Golfview Istat^s near Jefferscnir ille, Indiana,
could not allow for septic tanks, and a gravity systen ^ould be tco
costly. A new alternative, the jrinier puap systen, ccula solve the
93
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pu
l6c
/iot.
FTobltn- Cost comparison i.-. \olvt.' J a price per lot: 1)
pressure sewaqe rystea, $l,tOC/lot; anJ 2) gravity cjst.:a. 12,
Using a grinder puop solved tho coat and th-^ 1-ft stiticn prcbles
(static iift of US*)- Five pressure sewage systens using proprietary
Envi ronaen t/Cne grinder pi; ape ^ce currently in use, and 'ourteen are in
the planniuq stage (as of 1472J across the nation. (SKF)
ACC«
AUTHOB
AFML
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEIT
LCG0962
Elune. H. P., Horn, h.. Airily. F., Jgyako-Jy, <"•. N., "eshi«>ff H.
Institut fur Okolo-jie-fcodenfcun }
-------
SOURCE: Hater Besources Research. 1 1 (1 ) :103-1 08 (6 pages)
YEAR • i y I j
TEXT : Hydraulic conductivity aas aeasurea in selected subsurface horizons cf
nine soil series by ucinq the crust test nethcd. M-iasureeen ts were raie
for several aoisture potentials at several randomly selected sizes per
soil series. The morphological character of the soil series spanned a
btoad range, from sands to clay loan soils. The k i:har acteristic ct
earn series was eathesatically described, and the series conductivity
curves uere related as a fasily of curves. Br usinj oul tivariate iis-
criminaat analysis the series were qrcuped into classes of sisilar
hydraulic behavior, based OD the dispersion of acisture cottntial and
hydraulic conductivity data uithin and between stries. i 95 percent
prediction ittetval tas constructed tc include the range cf conductivi-
ties to be erected at future sites. (AU)
ACCe
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOP0967
Hachneier. R. E.
Agricultural Extension Service, University of Kinnescta
Town and Country Seiaqe Treatment
Agricultural Eilension Service, Uaivarsity of Binnesota, Eitension
Bulletin 304 (67 pages)
1977
This agricultural extension bulletin contains comprehensive Informatics
on the proper desiqn, installation, use and maintenance of on-site
sewage treatiaer.t. It is intended priBdrily for hoHeowners, but contrac-
tors and installers, administrators cf sanitary ordinances, consultants.
?nd local, state and regional qosernsent officials «i31 also find it
useful. Major topics include: 1) seuaqe tanks, 2) so^l tteataent
units, 3} puapinq stations, U) altetnative systens, and 5) operation and
•dintenance. (SHF)
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
ItlS
TEXT
L000968
Losbacdo, P.
DSI Env tronser tal Engineers. Boston, Mass.
Appropriate ^astewater Hanaqeaent Plt.'nninq for Snail Coaaunities
Cospost Science/Land Utiliaa tioa, 20(t). -16-19 (« pages)
1979
The article provides a eethod for selecting the test uastenater sanaqe-
sent systeu. States that a cosprehensive 201 crcgra? for a Eiaall COBBU-
nity will inci'jie: 1) coaaunity profile, 2) piiblea area definition, 3)
alternative generation and selection, H) en virom en tal iapact assess-
ment, and '_•) public f ar t id pa t ion . Each topic i: discussed in detail
and eiaeples are provided. (SJF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUhCE
YEAR
TEXT
L000969
Wolvetton, B. C., flcLonald, F. C.
fational Aeronautics anJ Space Ad» inis t r at ion , N5TL Station, Pliss.
Upgrading Facultative Wastewater Lagoons with Vascular Aquatic Plants
Journal Hater , Pol lutior. Control Federation. 5(2):305-313 (9 pages)
1979
The perfornance of a sincle-cell, facultative «aste«ater lagoon has been
significantly iaproved with the ir.trcduc tion of vascular aquatic plants.
Hater hyacinth was the dceinant plant frcrj April to Soveater; duckveed
flourished froa Decesher to Harch. This 2-ha lagoon received approxi-
mately 175 cubic aeter/day of untreated waste«.3ter and had a 5-day bic-
cheaiC'jl oiyqe.T denand leading rate of 22 to 3C kg/ha-d. During the
first 1 U Bontbs of operation with aquatic plants, average influent ECC-5
was reduced by 95 percent froa 110 ng/1 to an avert-qe or 5 aq/1 in the
effluent. The average influent suspended solids were reduced by SO
percent frca 97 aq/1 to 10 nq/1 in the effluent. (AU)
f.CCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEA3
TEXT
JOOD970
Ctis, H. J.
Uniuersity of Hisconsin, r.adison
Alternative Hastewater Facility For A Snail Unsewered Coununity
National Conference on Less Costly Wastewater Treatoent Systeos fcr
Snail Communities: 97-113 (17 pages)
197'
SeaM-diaaeter qravity sewers discharging tc a scil abscrption field
wart; found to be the sost cost-effective alternative for Clestboro,
«isc:onsin. Su«erous figures detail the Westbcro area and the alterna-
tive STStens" locations. Costs for each alternative are provided.
Financing of the selected systes is also discussed. (SHF)
ACC»
AUTHOA
AFFIL
TITLE
L000971
Uarihan. A. E.
Envlron»ent Prctectic?> Authority of Victoria, Australia
Comparison of Sewerage and Comon Effluent Drainage for Country
95
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SOURCE:
YEAR :
TEXT ;
Touaships
Environaent Protection Authority o£ victoria. Report No: 65/79 (65
paqea)
Cotaon effluent drainage (CED) ssall-dlaeeter tffluent sewers were found
to be a »iablc alternative to conventional sewerage systees in country
townships of South Australia. Septic tank effluent was collected tj
reticulation drains and treated in a series of five lagoons. Cost-bene-
fit analysis four.d the costs of the CED systea to te 20-25 percent less
than the costs for conventional seutraqe systess. (SWF)
ACC* L000972
AUTHOR Ehlert, 3.
AFFIL Applied Science Section, Ontario Klnistry of the Envlrcnoent
TITiE Spray Runoff Disposal of Haste Statilizdtion Pond Effluent
SOURCE Environeent Canada, Research Report do. 22 (30 paces)
TEAS 1975
TEXT tffluent froB the Sojthville aunicipal waste stabilization pcnd has teen
sprayed on a sloping (5 percent) area cf soil with a peraeabil Ity, it-
less than or equal to 0.1« ia/hr for two seasons. Results indicate that
a coabined pond ani spray runoff disposal of seuage effluent appears tc
be a feasible Beans of upgrading effluent quality, provided eroslcn
and/or daeaqe to vegetation does not occur. (All)
ACC« L000973
AUIHOB Scbauffler. F. K.
AFFIL Heu England Interstate Hater Foliation Control Coeaission (KEIUPCC)
TITIE Guidelines for Septaqe Handlicq and Disposal
SOURCE Heu England Interstate Mater Pollution Control Corenission (37 pages)
IEA8 1978
TEXT This booklet is intended to serve as a technical guidelines Bantial to
assist Heu England residents nith the control and abateoent of pollution
attributable to the handling and disposal of septaqe. Septaqe charac-
terization, collection, and transport are discussed along with the
equipment and procedures needed to collect and transport it. Methods
for treatE£nt and disposal of septaqe include direct land disposal, dis-
posal of wasteaater treatsent plants, and disposal of special facili-
ties. In addition, legislation and regulation considerations for hand-
ling and disposing of septage are also eentioned. (SWF)
ACC8 I00097U
ACTHOfi Chen, H. 1.. Patrick, W. H.
AFFli Ceotes: for Wetland Resources Louisiana State University
TITLE Efficiency of Nitrogen BeEOval in a Simulated Overland Flow
Waste Hater Treatoent Systen
SOURCE Journal En?ironaental Quality. 1C(1):98-103 (6 paqes)
*EAF 1981
TEXT Prelininary results indicate that overland flow treatuent can effective-
ly reeove nitrogen froo Hdstewater. This study conceiitcated on t^e
quantitative aspects of airrooial ccnrersion of aasoniuiB nitrogen to
various fores in a plant-soil systee under periodic flooded conditions.
The laboratory studr was conducted by appjying labeled nitrogen to scale
nodals of plant-soil systeas to detersine the fate of «aste«ater
nitrogen applied to an overland flew systea. Ferennial ryeqrass was
used a-s a cover crop. Results showed that adsorption ard retention cf
aaeoniUB nitrogen applied in soil Bdtiri* accounted foi approiioteiy
70-90 percent of the aesoniuE nitrogen applied in simulated wasteuater.
Uasteuater containing organic carbon noticeably reduced nitrates in the
effluent but only slightly affected the recovery cf an»cnia. Estinaticn
of nitrogen balance in this study indicated that the overland flow
systea was capable of resovinq 30-90 percent cf the added aseonius
nitrogen within the concent ration range nor«ally found in eur.icipal
wastewater. However, labeled nitrogen data shewed that an average of
11-21 percent of the nitrogen was taker, up by the ryegiass, and
approxieately 5-10 percent was ijaooilized and inccrporateo into soil
organic nitroqec. (SUF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEXT
L000975
Kinaefcerger, J.H.T.
Private Consultant
On-Site Waste nanageeent - Voluse II
Hancor. Inc., P.O. Box 10U7, Findlay, Ohio
c. 1972
«58«0 (11 pages)
Presents an analysis of estisated nitrogen production by a planned
coHBunity sewer systee. Estiaated nitrcgen itr.i a -sewage treataert
plant is calculated along with nitrogen rrcn a septic-tank disposal
field. Describes pertinent points of the nitrogen cycle, inciting
nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrifica^son. (SWF)
96
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ACCf
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LC00976
Van de Graaff, R. H. R., Erouwei, J., Biliatt, S. T.
Soil Conservation Authority, s* fielii till not work because of site re-
quirements and terrain characteristics. Alternatives discussed iaclude
aerobic E^stess, esepot£QDSpirc:tion systeos, vault systees, coepostiDg
toilets, qreynatec rcase, laqooas, ana alternatise fields sech <.s acaods
and sdcd filters., (SBf)
ACCI
SUTIIOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
XEAfi
TEXT
L000978
Doaaa, J., Killel. D. 1., Ho't, F. C., Aaernan, C. R.
The Soil SutFey Division, Kisconsin Geological snd Hatural History
Survey, Cniversity Esteasior., University of Bisccnsin. ntdiscn< si
FielU aeasureeer.t of Unsatucdtej rfydraulic Conductivity by Infiltation
Through Artificial Crusts
Soil Science Society of Aeecica Prcceedings, 35 (2) : 362-36-4 {3 pages}
1971
7ieid trials uere nade to test the applica llity of a recently proposed
oethod for measuring the unsaturated n-;3r'-ilc ccndactivity (k) of
crust-capped scil (saterial:; in a one-dioei'^ . cnal flou systes, yhete the
•atric suction gradient is zero. K-»«lu»L -^ere detecained froa
infiltratiOQ rates into crust-capped ^oil colutsns carved out in-sltu 3C
co in height. nattic suct'ots Mere eeaoure-i with tensicseters.
Eiaaples are giien for four Wisconsin scil horizons. (AU)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TFXT
L00097'»
Pitt., W. A. J. , flattrai', H. C. , Klein, H.
R/A
Ground- itor Quality in Selected Areas Serviced by Septic Tanks, Cade
County, Florida
U.S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey, Tallahassee, Florida,
Open File Report 75-607 (01 pages)
1 975
rroB 1971-197", wells at five selected areas in Cade County, Florida
Here eonitored for chcuical, physical, bacteriological and virolocical
qroundvater characteristics. Shallon veils t.ere affected prisarily ty
store water runoff, with sojse indication of contaninatj.cn by septic tank
effluent. Hells deeper than tKenty £eet did not esperience significant
qroundueter COQta»ination due to dispersing dilution and cheeical pro-
cesses which i-cevented accuaulation of septic effluent. Groundwater
Quality was influenced greatest fcy the cospositon and hydraulic conduc-
tivity of the snnd and linestone aquitors. (3KF)
ACCS i
Aui;:oB:
AFFIL ;
TITLE :
SOUSCE:
L000980
Sharpe. W. E., Fletcher, P.W. . , .„„
Fenosylvania State University, University i-ark, Pennsylvania 166C2
I«pact of water Saving Device Iiistalltion Erograns on Resource
Conservation
Institute for Research on Land and Ha'er Resources, Research Publication
98 (51 pag^s)
RESEABCH PUBLICATION 98, INSTITUTE FOfi RESEARCH CH LAKD AND
HATER RESOURCES. T.HE PEN H5T LVA NI A STATS C N I?E P5IT T , USIVERSITI
97
-------
PARK, Pt 16802
iEAr. : 1977
TEXT : The adter saving proqrass of the ifashingtcn Sutortan Sanitary Cosslssioo
(•SSC) were evaluated
-------
•as chosen as the best alternative. aeatherby (ponuiation - 1.200)
finally used 309 grinder puaps; 35.CCQ linear £«tt of pressure sever and
(Haaeter or pipe varied fros 2 I/I*1 to 6*"; 37,100 linear feet of 1 1/U"
cressure service lines; U2 aii relitr valves; 2" fl'ishln? and clean-out
contectiofls: and 5,300 linear feet of R" gravity sauer to connect with
Kansas City's seuec systea. A 160 psi P\*C pipe was use'' f<^r thf Ion
pressure pipe. (5HF)
ACCI :
AUTKOB:
AFFIL t
TITLE :
SOURCE:
TEAR :
TEXT :
1000985
Ketchua, L. H., Irvine, H. I., Liac. P. C.
Civil Engineering. University of Notre Can-}, Indiana
First Cost Analysis of Sequencing Batch Biological Reactcrs
Journal Hater Pollution Control Foundation, 51 (2):288-297 (TC pages)
Estimates of initial construction costs ("first costs") sase teen Bade
coapacing biological waste treateent asi&q sequencing bath reactors «ith
treateent osinq sere conventional oethods. vfie estisates «ei:e directed
at facilities sized to population equivalents of 1,000 and 10,000, re-
spectively. The snallec facility was ass'iaad to use a sinqle-ceii,
earthen-lagoon batch reactor syites. Both aer» coapared to various (tcte
conventional systens. Both batch reactor systeas sees to offer aa op-
portunity to aeet the sost stringent eftlueat liaitations. First cc^ts
will be no sore, and ptobably less, than those of constnticnal treatatnt
systees. Costs of operation and aaioteaence of the conventional and the
tatch reactor systems are mpccted to be about equal. <*0)
ACCt
AUTHOB
AFFI1.
TITLE
SOUSCE
ICAE
TEXT
L000986
RcCleliaad, H. I.
(tatiocal Sanitation Foundation
Past, Present and Potential Role of HSF in O.isite Uasteuatet Systee
Tccbaoloqy
Individual onsite Hastewater Systeos - Proceedinqs of the Fifth National
Conference. 19?b, Ann Arbor Science Pablishers, Inc., P.O. Eci 1125, Ann
Arbor, Kichiqan, «8106: H1-59 (18 pages)
Explains the national Sanitation Foundation*s (KSF) role in testing
equipaent for treatioq wsstewctet and coaserving uater. Itess evaluated
by B5F include package treat"sent plants, individual aerobic plants,
qrinder poops, uater recycle/reuse systess. waterless toilets, incinera-
tors and pressure differential systess. Ihe sethodoloqy for stress
testing in order to siaulate varying load conJitions is described* In-
cluded is a discussion of tl.e deve Icpuent an' revision cf standard So.
1C upon which the performance of plants for wasteuater treataent is
evaluated. (SHF)
ACCJ
AUTHOJ-;
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
IRAK
TEXT
1000987
GolueKe, C. G., Diaz, L, F.
Cal Becovery Systeos, IDC., Senior and Consulting Editors, EloCyclc
Operatinq a Solar Aauaculture Sewaqe Tceataent Flant
BioCycle, 22(1);38-J9 (2 pages)
1981
Article serves as a "progress report" on the Hercules, CA, water
hyacinth aastewater treatsent system after £ivp aonths of operation.
Problens Kith construction and operation of the plant during the
"shakedown" are discussed froa a nontechnical perspective. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AF.. It
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LC00968
N/A
Envirgnaental Sanitation Indentation Center, Asian Institute of
Technology, P.O. Box 27S«, Sanqkok, Thailand
Aquatic Plants: Froo Eaoe to Boon
Environnental Sanitation Infornation Center, Enfo, 3(2):8-11 (R pages)
1981
Article sunaarizes research on water hyacinths carried oat by the Asiar
Institute of Technology. Use of conposted water hyacinth ana fish cul-
tivation (Tilapla nilotica sp.) has proved to te a practical acplicatior.
of the denitrital food chain. By coaposting vegetation uhich is not
palatable to herbivorous fish, the uaterial could be converted to det-
ritrus which contains aicrobidl protein. Other aquacultural syste«s and
productive rses of "needs* ore discussed. The desiqn cf a water hya-
cinth coupcst pit for agricultural use developed at Gauhatfi Oniverslty
is described. Other studies aentioned include bioqas production frog
niqhtsoil and water hyacinth aiitures, as well as raislnq fish on a bio-
qas slurry. idditional references include the Clearinghouse of SEBEO
Regional Center for Tropical Bioloqy (BICTROP) Sogor Indonesia. (SHF)
ACCI :
AUTHOR:
L000989
Pliddlebrooks. E. J., Jiiddlebrooks, C. H., Reed, C.
-------
AFFIL College of Enqi neer ing. Otah State University
TITLK Eoerqy Seqaireaent for Soali Wastewater Treataent Systeas
SOURCE Journal HpCF. 33(7): 1172-1197 {25 pages)
YEAR 1901
TEIT Suaarizes the er.erqy requirsents for all viable «lt«rnatives currently
available for treatsent of flow rates of 0.05 to 5 nqd of uastewater.
Various treatsent coebinations are cospared, anJ the enerqy requireeeats
for the aost viable alternatives are presented in tabular fore. The date
cab be combined to produce estimates of energy rtqaireeents fct all
currently available unit operations and processes* (AU)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TII1E
SCOKCE
YE&R
TEXT
1.000990
Berohart. A. P.
The Becnrart Group. Inc.. Ee'iironaental Consultants, Washinqtoa, CC ani
Toronto, Canada
Esapotrasjspiration - A liable Bethod of Beuse (or Disposal) of
Hasteuater in Worth Aaerica, Sooth of the 52nd or 55th Parallel
Onsite Hasteaatcr SysleBs - Proceedi-ics of the Fifth National
Conference, 1978. Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Inc.: 195-195 (11
Discusses use of evapctranspiration teds for disposal cf uasteaater.
Activities of aerobic aicrocr-janisBs and transpiration by plaats in-
crease evapotraaspicatioa rate. Presents exasples of three types of
evapotcanspiration installations along with a cceprehensive list of ET
and t|A installations acosEii the ccur. tty. Preseats aa ETA bed sizisq
equation that ad-justs for aerobic pretreataent, Khich is stressed as
havioq a significant icpact on systea perf oroance. (SWF)
ACCI :
AUfHOB:
AFFIL :
TIflE :
SOORCE:
TEST :
1.000991
H/A
Pollutech Pclluticn fid^isory Services Liraited, Gakville, Cntacio
Putrient Control in Sewage lagoons
Ennircnseot Canada. Eesearcn Report Bo. B (63 pa^es)
this project was initiated to provide docuaentatloa on the effects aad
behavior of precipitated phosphates in seaaqe lacooas. Design and oper-
ational probleas which eight arise froa cheaica) dcsinq of lagoon intlo-
ents ye;re investiqated as uell as the effects of seasoca), variation cf
teaperature. The role of pH in both the reiaoval and resolubilization cf
phosphorus in waste tceatoent lagoons «as also ir.irest iqated. The study
utilized l.-.boratory-scdle reactors, conputer aodels. and full-scale la-
goons. (SWF)
ACCf 1C00992
AUTHOE U.S. EPA
AFFIL U.S. EPA Office of Water Proqrai Operations
TITLE Hovi to Obtain Federal Grants to Build Municipal faastewater Treatsent
works, KCC-CH
SOUBCE General Services Adainistri tion (8FFS) , Centralised Hailing List
Service, Eldq. 41, Denver federal Center, Denver, Colorado (27 pages)
YEAE 198J
1931
"EXT This handbook helps public officials 'iniJersfnd ioth the "in's and
out's" and the "do's and doat's" involved in CTrr^iriq out the Constroc-
tion Grants Prograe. It suaaarizts the Bany regulations, guidelines-
technical bulletins and policy statenents governing vhe proqraa. The
inforeaticc will enable oaaicipal officials to bcth insure that consul-
tants are doinq their job and assure that docueects necessary for qrant
awards are started and cospleted with Bininus loss of tine and effort.
(SKF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOfiCE
YEAR
TtXT
L000993
Rreissl, J. F., S«ith, B.. Heidean. J. A.
US-EPi
The Cost of Small Couatnity Mastevater Alternatives
Hasteuater Alternatives for Snail Cosaunities, NTIS Mo. PB 81-131658 (25
Cost estimates for rural uastewater treatnect systeas aith regard to
construction, operation and maintenance are presented in concise it€B-
ized and tabular forn. The presentation lists STEP pressure sewers,
s«all-dia»eter gravity sewers and vacuua sewers as econonically adtaata-
qeous to conventional gravity seuer systens under identical conditions.
Cn-site systeas, Gvapotranspiration disposal, surface discharqe, aerctic
systems and disinfection uTiits are also discussed in teras of econosic
benefit. for the individual boaeouner. (SWF)
100
-------
ACCt
AUTHOF
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECE
YEAE
TEXT
Walker, n._ Poorbauqh, J. H., Enfetadi, K. fl., Wilson, P. A.
Office ol Appropriate Technology, Califcrnia. and Cept. of Health
Services, California
fcural dastewater Disposal Alternative;; Project
Compost Science/Land Utilization, 21<2):22-2U (3 pages)
i960
Discusses a California study to evaluate approx iisatel y 30 waterless
toilets and 10 qreyuater reuse systeas for public health and perfcreance
reliability. » variety of biological, physical, and cheeical tests nil!
be pecforsed OB both the toilet and qreyuater sjstees. (SUF)
ACCt
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOCBCE
TEXT
1000995
Peters, G. 0., Hediger, E.
Kaparra Inc.. Che»y Chase, RD
Generic Enslronsental Inpact Statesent fcr Uastewatec Hdnaqeaent in
Bural Areas (Executive Susaary)
U.S. Environaental Protection Agency; Reqion V, Chic 190, IL (16 pages)
Ibis ecvironeental iopact statioent examines EPA's rejlew and approval of
facility plaas in unseaered rural lake cossunities in EPA Reqion V.
On-site cecoeeendations offer an average savi.igs of 15,200/daelling.
Site survey perforaacce data are critical to realizing cost savinqs and
uater quality qoalsc Public invol«eEent and leadersoip ccalJ resclve
•any oaner related problees such as adequate aaintenance.
the EIS proposes and ezaraines the follouinq actions for
iapleeentation by Reqion V a
-------
and repair. uovern»ect regulations -!iich pcovi-lc the sost effective and
efficient aanageisent of the required cooponents are addressed. Next.
supporting agencies which conduct reseirch, test equipsent and educate
ate nixed into the total snail flows service systea. Various eanaqeeent
strategies for snail flows are defined for a nuster of states, with eo-
phasis on New Haapshire. Maine. Pennsylvania, California and Illinois.
Finally, several fanuqeaent strategies which could be ue:aloped fcr i«-
provinq the efficiency and effectiveness of the proqraa in Colorado are
presented. (SUF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TE1I
L000999
Stecker. 1. P.
Environmental Division of Donohue 6 Associates, Inc. Sheboyqan,
k'isconsio
i Successful LOB Technology Kasteuater Process
tftTEd/Snqineericq 6 Manageaent, 128 (8):«6-U8 (3 paqes)
T981
this descriptive article defines the advantages of a reclrculatinq sand
filter selected for Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, The systea was fcund
nost cost-effective to treat the uastewater free the aowntcua area ana
slug loading fros holding tanks brought fron outlying areas. The
scenic, shalloM bay placed e. 20 eq/1 HDD lifBit on the persit, Bhich uas
tost cost-efffcctively met with the recirculatinq sand filter. Cssiqn
specifications for the r&circulating sand filter are given. (SWF)
ACC»
«lit HOB
AFFIL
TItLE
SCDECE
7 E*B
TEII
L001000
DeHalle-FB
Dept. of Enviroasental Health, University of Washington
Failure Analysis of Larqe Septic Tank Systeas
ASCE, 107 (EE):229-2undwater quality was uost noticeable in unsewered
102
-------
areas. Ho significant correlations were noted in the sewered areas.
Winter souths produced the highest nitrate and colifcre concentrations,
which were attributed to infiltrating rainfall disseising and leaching
the contaeinants downward. (S*F)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
1E&S
TEXT
LOOT 003
Vaughn., J. H., Landry, E. F., Eeckwith, C. S., Thooas, r. 7.
Departaent of Energy and Enviroasent. drcofchavc-n National Laboratory.
UptoQ. Ueu York 11973
Virus Renoyal During Grouadne.ter Recharge: Effects cf Infiltraticn Fate
en Adsorption of Poliovirus to Soil
Applied and Eavironaental F.icrobiolccy. 11 (1) : 139-117 (9 pages)
1981
Studies Here conducted to deteraine the influence of infiltraticn rate
on polioviras removal during grounduatat recharqe with tertiary-treated
uasteuater effluents. Experiseists were conducted dt a uniquely
designed, field-situated test recharge basin facility thrcagh which soee
62.00C cubic neters of sewage fe,»3 been previously applied. Recharge of
hiqh infiltration rates (75 to 100 cs/h) resulted in the eoveeent cf
considerable numbers of seeded policvicus to the qroundwater.
floderately reduced infiltration rates (6 ca/h) effected significantly
ii>proued virus reaoBal. Very iou infiltration rates (.05 to 1.0 cu/h) .
achieved by partial clogging of the test tasin. yielded the greatest
virus reeoval efficiencies. (AU)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SUUHCE
TEAR
TE3U
LOOIOOU
BrOMn. ¥.. V., Holf, H. M., Doncelly. K. C.. SloH»y. J. F.
Texas A G H University, College Station, II 77803
The Hcvesent of Fecal Colifcras and Coliphages Selou Septic lines
Journal of 3n»ironaental Quality, 8(1):121-125 (5 pages)
Uaaaines the novesent of f^cal coliforffE and coliphages belou subsurface
applications in three undisturbed scils containing concentrations of 80,
1l, and 7.6 percents and, respectively. Leachate saaples were analyzed
on a continuous basis, and at the end of the stutjy the soils belon the
septic lines «ere dissected and sasplei on a grid pattern. Results
shoaed very liaited concentrations of both fecal coliforns and
coliphacies, indicating that 12Q c» ot any of the soils tested uere
sufficient to ainiraize the possibility of qrounduater pollution fro»
septic eftljent disposal. (SHF)
ACCI L001005
AUTHOR Heuberqer-«
A f r 11 HA
TITLE Why Water Hyacinths?
SOUECE Land and Water (USPS 054-9JO) :21-22 (2 paces)
TEAR 1981
TEXT A o«tho
-------
with thickened waste activated sludge (ItiAS). Sept«qe conditionicq was
carried out in tnree separate tests using alusinua sulfate, ferric
chloride and sulfuric acid. Laboratory eiperieents used a filter leaf
apparatus to siaulate a coil spring vacuua filter. The capillary
sucti.cn test t*as used to estlaate £ il terabil i t j. Field studies,
utilizing a fall-scale sacuus filter and large quantities of s
-------
TITLE : Cafaa's Sanitation I'nit: The Design and Testing cf .1 Sanitation tat
Sewage Treatsent Unit for Disasters and Long Tt»e Use.
SODBCE: Cifaa. 274 Banburi Hoai, Olford CX27CZ
IEAB : 1975
TEXT : / snail, liqht-ueight sanitation unit, U5,inq sisple construction netaods
and eaterials, uas developed for underdeveloped countries needing
eicreta disposal for eeerqency and lonq-tera use. Tiie unit can provide
sanitation tor bOO peoj-ie and be constructed in a day. Twenty glass
fiber syuattinq plates connected in series to tuc 21,CCO liter butyl
rubber sedisentation tanks, providing an eight to ten datr retentlca
under strictly anaerobic conditions, yffeet a satisfactory treatnent
the Haste. Various pathogenic orqe'.isar;, closing gastrointestinal
diseases. Mere reduced to levels telo« the infective dose needed to
cause disease. An optional percolation tat>k. constructed of locally
available stone, can be used to further purify the Affluent.
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCE
TEST
LC01C10
Tricoch. 3., Enqlande, A. J., Hertert, fl., Hilkinscn, £. F.
Departaent of Environmental Health Sciences, Tuldne University, Hen
Orleaos, Louisiana
Kinetics ot Trace Contasinant Heaoval Fros Secondary Dcsestic Efflaeot
by tfascclar Aquatic Plant Systeas
Bater Pollutior Control Federation Conference, las Veias, Nevada (3t
caqes)
Expecioentdl data on organic, nutrient and troce contaainant reaoysls
froa doasestic uasteuater secondary effluent by selected vascular aquatic
plants were collected. ao3 the systea was idtheisatically BOdeleJ fcr
kiaetic reao»al of the substrates. Estch, continuous and full floH
studies «ere conducted to screen plant species ani to detereine the
feasibilitj of incorporating such a treatment systeu on a full-scale
basis. (5.HF)
ACC«
£DTHO£
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOECE
TEAR
TEIT
L001015
burd, K. (Dir.J
U.S. EPA
Annotated Bibliography for Hater Quality fianageKent (6th Ed.)
U.S. EPA, Division of Hater Planning (SH-55U) Hashinatcn, DC
1979
An annotated bibliography and references apglicatle to 208 planning have
oeen coBpiled. There are fiwe categories cf infcrieation proviaei:
basic infoteation aaterials on uatei quality sanaqeisent; exhibits,
files, training prograas; 4!ater Planning Division publications; H*IS
publications; anc other publications such as voluaes one, t«o and three
of the 208 Data Clearinghouse. Instructions fcr crderincj infornatica
froa the Governaent Priatin
-------
AUTHOR: Cooleyr J. H.
AFFIL : U.S. D«pt. of Aqricultuce, North Central Forest Experlsent Station, East
Lansing, Michigan
TITLE : Christaas Trees Enhanced by Sewage Effluent
SOUBCE: Coapost Science/Land Utilization, 21(6):28-3C (3 pages)
i C A fr • 1 j o *J
TEXT : A five-year study in Richiqan was conducted to detereine the effect of
sewage efrlue&t irrigation os qroath of six Chrislaas tree species.
Unifora application of sevaqe effluent during the growing season
increased survival and growth of bhite spruce, talsa« fir and three
varieties of Scoth pine, although it did not significantly enhance
of pcaqlas firs. Cultivating Christeas trees
survival and qrouth ,. , .
sewage effluent irrtqation sites
oBall sewage treataent facilities.
rcvide a narketatle product for
(S«F)
ACCI 1001019
AUTHOR Goldstein. B.
AFFIL HA
TITLE Land Treatcent cf tfastetiater
SCUF.CE BioCycle, 22(l):3«-37 (« pages)
YEAR 1901
TEXT Discusses «hy land treataent of uastcuater is "test fracticatle" eethod
of «aste«ater treateent £oc specific areas and hiqhllqhts three
innovative and alternative aastfi-aatar treataent facilities in Huskeqon
Count?, nichigaa, arid El Reno. Otlahosa and Clayton Counties. Gecrgia.
These hiqhljqhts ijive a general facility description, capacity of the
plant, type of laad treataent, acreage involved and available tteatsent
and constructioa costs. (SWF)
ACC3
AUTHOR
AFFI.
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001020
Younq, f.. E.
Uatural Resource Econooics Oi»., Econonics, Statistics, and
Cooperatives Service, USDR, University Park, PA
Costs of Haiotaininq Public Health Standards fcr Spray Irrigation of
Kunicirjal Waste Hater Systeas
Journal of E_vironoental Quality, 9<3):3SU-358 (5 pages)
1980
Cost Estiaates of alternatives fcr controlling the spread of diseaoe
orqa'jisits in aerosols fro« nunicipal spray irriqation systeirs are
compared to deteraine the conditions alien a particular alternative is
cost effective. A cost simulation sodel and creuirusly published cost
eiit.iaates are used to evaluate the cost ef f ect i ve nes£ cf the
alternatives. The alternatives eiaBiEeJ are assuaed to provide a
ainiaun 'level of disease prevention. Ctpendinq upon the circuustances,
any of the alternatives evaluated Bay b»rcost effective. Hhen
chiorInation provides a sufficient level, of disinfection, it appears to
te the least cost alternative. Tuo alternatives, substitution of
surface for spray iniqation when surface terrain permits, and the use
of buffer zones when land costs ace louc are alsc likely to be cost
effective. Suffer zones in excess of ?>00 aeters car. te cost effective,
depending upon initial land costs anj whether or not the buffer area can
be faraed.
A CCK
AUTHOE
AFf IL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001021
Cstorne, J. r,.
U. 5. Forest Service
Pocatellc. Idaho 63201
U» J f rut-c^(- c**ri.Tjn_e. ru^a\-cii^_ JL .
Tertiary Treataent of Canpgcouna ^ast.; Using a Native Minnesota Peat
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 30 (5):235-236 (2 paqes)
1975
Discusses the use of peat as a filtration nediua for tertiary treatnent
a' a Rinnesota caipqround. The systet consists of a peat-sand filter
ted, a sprinkler distribution sr**«a», and a perforated fipe foi:
Bonltcring purposes. Saaples were collected fros spring uelt until
winter freeze and were analyzed for varicus chesical pacaaeters
including phosphorus, nitrogen, and fecai coliform bacteria. The peat
was fount! to reduce the coliforw bacxeria by 95.99 percent, while
phosphorus concentration was reduced trcr 7og/l to about .03«q/l.
ABBor.ia and nitrite fortas of nitrogen showed a cccr assl »il a t ion
efficiency until Bid-suoner and then averaged 66 and 70 percent
efficiency, respectively. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUPCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001022 '
N/A
VITA (Volunteers in Technical Assistance)
Village Technology Handbook;
VITA, 3706 Rhode Inland Avenue, Et. Rainer, Maryland: 1'45-1 83 (39
pages)
This handbook contains a collection of, and practical intonation on.
106
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«estevater topics. Particularly interesting is the section on health
aed sanitation which covers sanitary latrines and a specific carasitic
disease naeed Biluarziasis. Types of tools, aaterials and aetuods of
construction are Included. Design situations and eiaaple protleas are
seppleaented by nuaerous firjjtes and diagraos.
ACC»
AOTKO"
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEST
LQOi023
Eoeqly. V. J.f Riiton, H. R., P.othenbarg. J. M.
Oak Bidge national Laboratory. Oak Ridge. Tennessee and U.S. [eparteeat
or Housing ar
-------
Guidelir.es for Conventional and Alternative Oasite Senate
Sysleas-Uashicqton State (L000197J; Hanageaeat Ggiaelines for
Conventional and Alternative Onsite Sewage Sjstesss-PennsylTania
L000098J
L000263
L000269
; Report on the Ten State Coanittee fcr Gnsite be»aqe Systees
Individual Onsite HasteBatet Systas Hanaqesent in Colorado
Sew York Stats Standards for Indi?i<3i*al Household systeas
it,uuvii*.i i State Agency Haaaqeseat Plans and Approval Practices fcr
Maine (L000011): Integrated Baste Banageeent Systess-Cnsite KIDS
Applications {10001023); The Boyd County Deeoastration Frolect-A Systea
Approach to Individual Bucal Sanitation (An Update} JL000257) ; Onsite
Uasteuatac Facilities for Saall Ccssunitits a-.£ Subdivisions (1000199);
Integration of Onsite Disposal in a 201 Facilities Plan (LCCOGOiJ);
Innovation in Vasteweter Technology: The Challenge of the 1960s
(L000009); Pollution Control-Pathaay to Perfection or Perdition; Its EC
Vow Look Ahead. (SHF)
4CCB
4UTHOB
&FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEJSB
L001027
Uineeterqer. J.H.T., ftndecsan. H. H.
Departsent of Public Health, Placerville. California
Failure of the "Engineering Approach" to Desiq-j of Septic-Tank Systeos
and the Developasnt of Septic-Tank Districts
N/A
1971
One-third of ths "enqiaeered" septic-tank systeisE In El Dosaio Cootitf,
California failed at or before taree fears. On this basis, it uas
recc-eaended that deleqatiaq a prcbles lot solely to a liceBsed civil
enqioeer is insufficient. Bather aa on-site Hesteuater oafiaqea«nt
systea operated by a public entity is proposed. Ibis eystee uould te
responsible fcr design, installation and naistenance of septic-teak
systeas on a district-aids basis. (SUP)
*CC8 L001028
AOTHOH Deqhi, G. S., 'itfel, K. C., Bitsch, H. J.
AFFIL School of Forest Resources and Conssr ya t ion anfl Center for wetlands and
Dept. of Envitonaeatal Engineering Scit-nces aafi Ccater for wetlands,
University of Floridae Gainesville, florida 32611
TITLE Effects pf Sewage Effluent Application on Litter Fall and Litter
Decosposi tior. in Cypress Suaops
SOURCE Jouiaal of Applied Ecology, 1 7 (2) :337-408 (12 pages)
YEAR I960
TEiT Application of sewaqe effluent to cypress doses in Florida did not
affect litter decomposition or increase litter acccsulation during a
tuo-yeat study period. Mean phosphorus concentration increased froe
first year to second year in the tuc sebiage doees as ccspared to the
grouoduater-applied done and the control dose. Tree diaseter growth was
found to te significantly greater in the.- three experimental doses than
in the control doses due to increased nutrient availability. (5KF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEI1
L001029
Pope, P. R.
Ooulton Uiguel rfater District, Laguna Higuel, California 92677
llasteaater Treatsent by fiootea Aguatic Plants in Sand and Gravel
Trenches
U.S. Environoenta1 Protection Agency, Municipal Environsental Reseacch
Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH (6 pages)
1 981
A potential uastewattr treataent prccess by Wax Flanck Institute (f.FI)
of Best Germany was tested by Koultcn HiguFl i(astewater District, Laguna
Niquel, California, under an EPA grant. The systez consisted of earthen
trenches filled with gravel ant! planted with reed Phrageites and the
bulrush Scripus, respectively. Tests indicated a nuster of problees
Mith the systea, though results indicated that secondary effluent
quality could be reached. Treataent cf secondary effluent for resoval
of nitrogen and phosphorus was not effective. Initial results indicate
that a further assesssent of the system may be wcrthwnile. (SHF)
ACCf
AUT.HOfi
AFFIL
TIT1E
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001030
McClelland, N. I. (ed.)
National Sanitation Foundation
Individual Cnsite Mastewater Systtes Proceedings of the Fourth
National Conference, 1977
Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., P.O. Pox 1«251, Ann Arbor, Michigan
(238 pages)
1978
The 1977 Proceedings contain: Clearer Concepts and a New Challenge;
Cnsitfe Systeos: EPA's Construction Grants ProcraE (LCCOC19); Cnsite
Systeis: Earners Hone Adainistra ticn (LC00016); Str.te Frograes ar.d
Perspectives (L00001?); Local Experiences with Alternative Systems:
Salvation, Circumvention, cr Cop-Cut (LOCOOI^); ranageaent Clstcicts-A
108
-------
Kej to lapleeenting an Cnlot Disposal Alternative (LCCCC22): An
Application of the Onlot Management Conctpt: Objectives,
bespocsibilities, and Costs (LOOOQ23) ; Iepleaentatioa cf Onslte
liastenater Hanaqeseat Arraaqeoents-Overccning Incentives for Inaction
(L000021); Vaiidatinq Oasite Treataent in California (1000271);
flanageeeat of Rural Septic Systems Utilizing the Natural fiescarce
Conservation District Specialist Progran (1000018); Ccttificaticn of
Contractors (LC00008); Certification of Seaage Enfarceaent Officers: £o
Cnsite Raiiaqesent Alternative (LOOC02U); Soil Testing Cert ificaticn
(L000261)- An Operator's wiew of Perforsarice: Sanitaticn District S3
Boy'icus heaoual Through soil Colueos
Applied ind Eu^iroQceotal Bictc.. ;o.* cgy, 42f;):63-B8 (6 pages)
1981
Laboratory experioeots aere pcrCoro^a oc four different soils, using 100
CB loaq coltiBBS, to detereine the extent cf srirus aoveoent «hen
uastPwater percolated tbrouah tat scils at various hydraulic flow rates.
Onchlcrinated secondary se
-------
AUTHCS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEA2
TEXT
Etister. G. H.. Schultz. B. C.
Respectively, School of Forest hesouice. University of Gecrqia, Cept. of
Forestry, Iowa State University
The Hesponse of a Southern Appalachian forest tc baste Hater Irrigation
Journal o'. Environuental Quality, 10 (2) : 1U8-1 53 (6
1981
pages)
The operational land treatment systea at Unicol State Park ne»r Helen,
Georgia, was used for a period of three years to study the role of a
eature Appalachian forest ia renovating aunicipa] wastewater. Uptake of
soae of the nutrients in the uasteuater was occurring in the vegetation,
tut DO systeaatic nutrient uptake by any one coeponent of the stand was
observed. Cverstory trees failed to show any growth response to the
irrigation in height or diaaeter at breast height (Ibh), but did show
increased steu diaaeter growth within the canopy. The irrigation vas
causing significant increases in diaaeter at 0.3a anl height of
understorr trees. A detailed sten analysis of five Vreated and fJve
control unite pine trees (Pinus strotus L.) free the tature overstery
showed that upper stee diaaeter growth was increased significantly as a
result of the irrigation. This ites soluoe response tc uasteuater
irrigation would not te detected had breast height diaaeter and tctal
height beta the only stea seasureaents taken. The irrigation is
decreasing the biooass, diversity, and the nuaber of individaals of the
ground vegetation. (AU)
ACCt 1001030
AUTHOB Kraus. PI.P.
AFFIL Algal R^S'iarch Center, Landenberq, PA
TITLE Evaluation of Toricities and Eovironaental Inpact in "Symbiotic" Hater
Beuse Systeus
SOUBCE Proceedings of Third National Conference on Complete Hater Beuse,
Sponsored by American Institute of Cbeaical Engineers and EEi Technology
Transfer, U76-U92 (7 Pages)
TEAR 1976
TEXT Presents selected Jata obtained in an estensi^s sorvey of virus
populations in waste stabilization lagoons and water renovation systems.
Discusses various lagooninq processes and the action and oicrooryanisus
that convert the waste into organic nitrates, phosphates, sulfates and
silicates. Also included ere the health aspects of these treatoent
systeas, the fate of isicroorqanisas ir. spray irrigation of dceestic
sewage onto uoodland, sludge dispose! on land, sludge disposal at sea,
and industrial uses of water an^ sludge. (5MF)
ACC» L001035
AUTKOB Schwab, D., Armstrong, JcH., Horp, S.
AFFIL Oklaho*a State University
TITLE Septic Tank Maintenance
SOUBCE Ofclahoaa State University Extension Facts No. 1657 (2 pages)
IEA6 1975
TEXT Methods for aeasuring sludge and scu» acc'.iiula t ion in septic tanks are
aentioned in a short Extension Service Fact Sheet. Cleaning procedures
are given for septic tank srstess. Effects of addinq various biological
and chtsaical additives to the septic systeas are alsc discussed. (S«F)
ACCI L001036
AUIHOB Schwab. D., ftrosttong. J.H., Htirp, S.
AFFIL Cfclahosa State University
TITLE Septic Tank Systeas for »c«es
SOURCE Ckiahoaa State University Eitension Facts No. (655 (« pages)
TEAB 1975
TEXT The coaponents of a septic tank-soil absorption systea are briefly
defined, and Oklahoa;. state Departnent of Health septic tank design and
capacity reguireaents are discussed. Location guidelines for the septic
tank and seepage fi';ld are also nentioned. Procedures and regulations
governing the soil percolation test in Oklahoma are included. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
IEAB
TEXT
L001037
Sandhu, S.S., Harfen, a.J., Nelson, P.
Hater Laboratory, South Carolina State College, Crajqeburg, Sooth
Carolina
Trace Inorganics in Pural Potable Hater and Their Correlation to
Possible Sources
Hater Research, 12(4): 257-261 (5 pages)
1978
Ninety-eight water saaples, cosprising about 10 percent of the total
sources available to rural hones in Haspton County, South Carolina, were
randoaly selected and analyzed for inorganic constituents. Cheoical
contaainaton is widespread in this area and Bany people are using
substandard quality water.
A noticeable nuaber of water saaples showed unacceptable levels cf
110
-------
arsenic, iron, nanqanese in second part.
(SVF)
1CCB
AOTHOE
AFFJL
HUE
SOUBCE
IEAH
YEHT
LC01039
Teltsch, B., Shuval. H.I., Tadaor, J.
Division of Kunan Ensironutiitel Sciences, School of Applied Science and
Technology, the Hebrea Unieersity, Jerusalea, Israel
Eie-*way Kinetics of Aerosolized Bacteria froa Sprinkler Application cf
Vastewater
Applied and Enviroaaental Rlcrobioloiy, 39(6): 1191-1197 (7 pages)
I960
A aethodoloqy for estiaatinq the aicrocial
-------
(55
TEAS : tS76
TEXT : Sequiresents of various construction sitetlals and configurations fee
shore-side holding tants receieidq s€«aqt collected on toard vessels ate
reported. Preliminary designs for a basic syste* an3 two vstiaticBS are
developed. Capital and annual OCR cost estioates are prevented fcr each
systea sariation of the three different tanii capacities of SCOO. 10.0CC
and 30. COO iept-rial gallcas. Prcperly designed holding tank facilities
will be very expensive to construct anil operate and. if possible, direct
transfer of the sewage froa the s^s^el to a shore-side sewer cr
tceatae.it facility should oe uni«rta«en. (AU/SbF)
iCCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0010K3
Kaufaan. H.
Farallones Institute
Bioqas in China: Saall Scale, Decentralized Anaerobic Digestion
Alternative Sources of Energy, 51: 24-27 (« pages)
1961
A tiogas production systea which produces oethane qai, electricity and
fertilizer has been used successfully in China. Unisal and hosan wastes
and crop residues are fed into digesters consisting of a siilsurface,
done-covered digesting chaeoer acd Haten pressure gas storage tank. the
gas dcifes a generator, producing electricity fcr lighting aed putpinq
irrigation water. Sludge is applied to faraland as a sell fertilizer
and conditioner. The systees are leu 'cst and easy to build ftoa
available construction Batecials. (3KF;
ACC»
AUTH08
4FFII.
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
LOOIOflt
U.S. EPi
Office cf Mater Prograa Cperaticns
A Strategy for Seal! Alternative Wastewater Systees (SAWS)
U.S. EPA Office of Hater Prograa Operaticns (35 pages)
1980
The development of a cost rehensive planning and sanaqeeent approach to
proaote the use of, and lactose the performance cf, saall alternative
wastewatsr systeas (SAHS) is discussed in this fcor-section report. The
strategy for icproving Sias nanaqesent is outlined aith regard to
educational progress, state prograa aanacj^aent, cons tr-jction grant
prograu management, research, etc. Current federal, state and local
SAMS prograes, probleas and issues inhibiting iff p leaenta tion of adequate
SAUS nacaqeaent prograas, and rocoBsendat ions to isprove progras
nanageaen t are discussed. (SUP)
tcc«
AUTHCS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAE
TEXT
L0010C5
Cvernan, A.K.
Associate Professors of iqricul tural Engineering, University of
Florida, Gainesville
Effluent Irrigation of Different Frequencies
Journal of the En vironaec tal Engineering Division, June 1979: 535-5U5
This paper evaluates the effect of both rate and frequency of irrigation
on the yield and coaposition of scrghua-sudangrass and corn fcr grain
and silage. Erperisects were conducted to cospare the effect of slit
application versus single weekly applications cf wastewatets.
Paraaeters included yields, dry natter content, nutrient content and
nutrient uptake. Secondary effluent frcs a trickling filter plant was
applied at rates of 2, " , o, and 6 inches per week by sprinkler systeas
to the test plots. All three crops snowed positive response to effluent
irrigation. Yields and nutrient uptake increased with irrigation rate.
while dry matter content and nutrient C9ntent were independent of
irrigation rate. Although effluent irrigation offers potential fcr crop
production, its dilute fora of nutrients appears to provide lower
nitrogen uptake than coaeercial fertilizer, particularly on the sandy
Lakeland soil with low fertility and low water holding capacity. (S8F)
ACC*
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
L001016
Grrtha». H.J., Hunsinger, K.B.
Ontario ninistry of the Environsent
FliOsuiiorus Re»oval in Seasonal Retention I.agoor.s by Eaten Cheiical
Precipitation
tnvironaent Canada, Research Report Ho. 13 (50 pages)
Batch cheaical treatment of seasonal retention Ia9oons to achieve total
phosphorus residuals of less than 1 ppa were studied. Three prise
coagulants (alua, ferric cnloride ani lire) were field tested. Outboard
actor beats were used to disperse and six the coagulants. Though all
three coagulants achieved less than 1 pr» total phosphorus residuals in
the effluent, liguid alua seeael to work best. Cther advantages cited
112
-------
included reductions in fcffluert EOD, 55, and algae levels, with oily a
siight increase in sedieent depth alth eacl. batch tteataent. (SBF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
50UBCE
TEAS
TEXT
L001007
Given. P.M.. Saith, ?.H.
northern Technology Centre, Ueter Pollution Control Directorate,
Environmental Protection Service. Fineries and fnvironsert Canada
Critical tvaluation of Eitencfd Aeration Systeos in Acetic and Sotac;tlc
Regions
Fisheries and Enviroaaent Canada. Ecoaosic and Technical Feviee Pepcrt
EPS 3-HP-77-10 (85 pages)
1977
This study uss undertaken to raaearize available inforsatioo froa
previously published and unpublished sources pertaining to the failure
and success of ei'.ended aeration plants in northern North Aserics. For
coeparison. plants «ere placed into tv»o sajor categories: 1) iiorthern
(above the aean annual 0 degree Celsius isctherrs). and 2) non-northern
(below the aean annual 0 deqre« Celsius isothern) . Sn estensive
literature review relating to extended aeration plant characteristics is
qivee. Results shoued northern plants to perfcro significantly uctse
than eon-northeirn. and reapons for this difference are discosseJ. Less
conscientious,, ana stilled operation was the general problea. Kuch
inforsation is presented graphically, illustrating plant
influeat-ef fluent conditions and BOD, COO and SS removal prcbatilitler.
Ao abbreviated case stud? for each of the 66 extended aeration plants
cited is given in a table. (StH)
ACCJ
AUTHOfi
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
L0010C8
a/A
Polluted! Pollutica Advisory Services, Ltd.. Cakville, Cntario
Butrient Control in Sewage Laqoons -• Voluee II
EnviroDffient Canada, research Report So. 28 (64 pages)
1375
An investigation studied the affects of physical aatf cheaical condlticns
and cbaeical addition on the operatior. of sewage lagoons and the reooval
of pbcsphcrus. Laboratory lagcoa simulators upre used to evaluate the
effects of tesperatare, chesical dosage ani influent phosphccus
concentration on the perforaance of a typical laqoon. Results shc«ed
that a dose of iOC ppis of aluo effectively reduced neu seuaqe phoschcrus
levels to less l.han i ppia. The study alsc considered the afjlicatlon cf
a cosputer aodel. to siaulate cheeically treated laqoon ceactioDs. but
the coopleiitf of the cheaicjl reactions caused unrealistic predlcticns
of phosphorus precipitation and the sociel was abandoned.
ACCI
AUTHOR
»FfIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAB
TEXT
L0010Q9
Kelson. B.N.
Fueblo Regional Planning Commission, Puetlc, Colcrado
Pueblo Area Council of Government's Pueblo County Septic Tank
Maintenance Ocaonstraticn Project-Progress Hepcrt 1979 anrt 1980.
Eueblo Regional Planning Coaaission, Pueblo, Colcrado (32 pages)
1981
This second year progress report describes ucrk acccsplished during the
first two yeais of activity (1979-80) on a septic tank saintenanct
proiect. The qoals of central sanaqeBent aere the basis fc" this St.
Charles Mesa area deeonstration project. fcesults and findiuTs of
coapleted work include hoaeonner sectic systea descriptions (i.e.,
failure rate, age, hone characteristics), sludge depth accusulat'.cn
rates, probless and difficulties of field and nanageaent oper'iiors,
grounauater aonitoricg prograe results and econoeic consideraticis.
Exaaples of survey fores are included. (S«F)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
L001050
Shelef, G., Ronen. H., Krener, R.
Cept. of EnvironeGn tal Engineering, lechnion-Israel, Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel
Uasteu3ter Recirculation Ponds - Pilot Plant and Field Studies
Progress in Mater Technology 9(3): 6U5-657 (13 pages)
Fecirculation of effluent fron final ponds in a sequence of
stabilization ponds into the first pondr was us<=d first in South »frica,
Mew Zealand and Israel as an energency action in cases uhare a series cr
anaer obic- facul ta ti ve-aerobic pono systess becane o?erlcaded and
produced salodors. Such recirculation eliainated aoaerobiosis at the
surface of the pon's and increased ponds performance. Later,
reci rcolaticn ponds systess were predesigned and operated as a process
by itself, notably the "cartwheel" systea at Cape Flats, S.A. and the
"half orange* at the Dan Region (Greater Tel-Aviv), Israel.
Pilot plant studies at the Technion in Haifa and field stndies at
the Can Seglon Uastewater Treatsent and Reclaaation schene showed sose
113
-------
cf the basic parameters of the recirculation pcn<1s systea. K
recirculatxon ratio of between 1.8 to 2.5 was found to giwe the test
results <»s lar as hydrogen suliide control and eCD reso»al are
concerned. BOD-5 loadings of about UOO kq/ha-day on the first pocd and
180 kq/ha-daj on the entire systea provei applicable. The effect cf
recirculation in increasing surface laye; disseised oxygen levels and ia
reducing axqae predator activity at the first pords in the sequence is
shonn. The conceatration of algae ii> the »sricus ponds a! dirfereet
seasons «ds aeasuced. (AU)
ACC*
AUTHOR
AFFiL
TITLE
SOURCE
I EAR
TEXT
1001051
Fulton, h.
Assistant City flanaqer. City of Elehurst, Illinois
HOB Elsihurst Cut Hater Use by 15?. Increased Existing Seuaqe Capacity ty
-------
The purposes of the manual arc to: (1) tirlain the water quality
presides, showing how they affect hoee buildtrs, and (2) specify the
actions builders should take to protect their cofsunities froa
unreasonable environiental regulation. Racy pictures and charts are
provided. (SaF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOKCE
YEAfl
TEXT
L001056
Hiuff. P.
Coaiconsult. COBSUltiaq Engineers and Planners, Viru«, Censarl;
Distribution of uastetfater i >j Stain Field Pipos
Journal of the Ensiront>e.ita; Engineering Division, Proceedings of the
Aoerican Society of Civil Eacine*rs. 109(EE5):1009-1024 (16 pages)
1961
This article addresses the hydraulics of »astenater flcu in drain field
pipe. Theoretic?! cquatioos are analyzed and folloned by eiperiaental
results which define distribjtion of effluent frco the drain pipe. An
exaeple is given ahich illustrates unifcre distribution of eftlaent
accoaplished by using greater than one percent slope and unevenly spscea
boles in the bottoa of the deain pipe. (SBF)
ACCJ
AUTHCB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOCECE
YEAR
TEXT
1001057
Kert, S.fl.
HA
Septic Tank Dcainfield Perforeance in rise ulllianette Valley Soils
Cregon State Uni»ersity aastais Thesis (107 pages)
1969
This thesis, subaitted to Oregon State Oai»ersity Soils Departnent,
discusses fivt Crejon soils which were tested for septic tank drain-
field perforaance. Bine drainfields «ert used in Williaaette Valley.
Two forms cf infiltration rate testing «ere used: Pablic Health Service
test (P.H.S.) and the double tcbe netfiod. The double tube nethod »as
aore reliable. Conclusions hece uade about: peraeability in different
soil horizons and its effects on draicfield performance, effects cf ace
en drainfield perforasance. and effects cf the water table on drainfield
perforaance. Charts and tables arc prcwiied. (SWF)
ACCS
AUTHOh
AFTIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAF.
TEXT
LC01058
Van de Graaff, H.K.n.. Brotuer, J.. Hillatt, S.T.
Scil Conservation Authoiitr, victoria. State Rivets ^nd Water Supply
Coaaission. victoria. School el Agriculture, La Trcte University,
victoria
Septic Tanks fter-isited. . .Success cr Failure of On-Site Effluent
Disposal
The Australian Health Surveyor, 12(1): (5 pagss)
1980
In victoric, Australia, rn-site Jispcsal of icaestic septic tank
effluent b? qroand absorption is a uidesFtead practice in unsewered
ireas. Thi'j article considers the results of research carried out on
three exiccincj effluent absorption fieiis. The authors eiplain the role
of h7uraulic conductivity in soil end the use of tensiceeters fcr
seaiuting th>? saqnitude or soil watsr suction. Data uere used to
evaluate actual soil disposal performance it three residences with
different was-.e loadings acd 3ite conditions. Froa this, generalized
conclusions were drawt on reasons fcr absorption field failures. (SWF)
ACCJ
AUTHOK
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEXT
LD01059
Statfell, R., Lcd«ig, R., Celt, J., Tchobanoqlcus, G.
CeBante and Stovell Consultina Engineers, Sacraiiento, California and
Dept. of Engincerina, University of California, Cavis, California
Concepts in Aquatic Treatment Systees design
Froccedings of tbe Anerican Society cf Civil Engineers, Journal of the
EnviroDHental Engineering Division, I 97 (EE5);919-9UO (22 pages)
1981
Article defines aquatreateent systezs and gives their energy utilization
in coiparison with a& activated sludge giant. Characteristics cf sere
coaeon plants used in this process are Described. Design consideration
for the aguatic process unit include plant harvesting, cliaatic
influences, environaental factors, uasteaater characteristics, process
reliability, EOD resoval rates, nitrcgen teaoval, phosphorus removal f.r.i
other contaninants. (SHF)
ACCJ
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITi-E
SOUECE
YEAR
LOOT 060
Buttaaara, S., Battayakorn, G.
Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkot, Thailand
Gptizization of Sewage Treatient and Fish Propagation in Ponds
International Conference OD Water Pollution Control in Cevelopinq
Countries (11 pages)
1973
115
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TEXT : Utilization of oxiiatico ponds for wastewater tr«=atsent in !-5,
1980, Uniirersity of Uashinqton. Seattle. Washington, p. 273-2CO (6
pages)
1960
frovidss cooaon sense design of a lift station fcr an upgrade leackfield
and trench installation froo an installer's point of view. Author
stresses need for understanding of the svstee design and being sore it
will work, prior to bidding on its installation. Any discrepancies
should be addressed by the Health CeraEttsent and the designer to the
satisfaction of the installer Drier to installation. (SWF)
ACC8
AU1HOE
AFFIL
TITLE
50URCL
TEAR
TEXT
L001063
Her kin, J.H.
Soil Science and Hater Resources Center, Ssall Scale Haste Ranageeent
Project, University of Wisconsin, Fadiscn
bydrogen Peroxide Treatsent Update
Ihird NcrthuPst On-Site WastenAter Disposal Short Course, March c-E,
I960, University of fa'ashir.qton, Seattle, kashingtcn, p. 309-331 (26
pagas)
1980
CeFcribes eioerience uito hydrogen peroxide treatment ror restcrirq
clogged leacl.fields. Includes a description of coBnon septic tank or
treetaent systes failures that lead to itachfield failure. Research
results on preventing loss in »oid voluae within the leachfield doe tc
an ineffective gravel/soil barrier at the top of the qravel are
provided. Use of synthetic fabric is reconsended and data on the
perforaance and cost of the materials is presented. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUEJE
TEAR
TEXT
LC J106U
Kennedy, J.
Washington State Eepartsent of Social and Health Services, Bail Step
LD-11, Olyspia, Washington 9950«
The Anaerobic Filter fcr Coaestic Kastewater Treateent: Advantages and
Disadvantages
Third northwest On-Site Wastewater Disposal Short Course, (larch 1-5,
1980, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, p. 257-270 (15
pages)
1980
Describes research on the perforuance of anaerobic filters applied to
dosestic wasteuater. Although not statistical!) di' ferent in
perforaance fros a septic taci (due to highly variofle and limited _ata
for both systess) the systea has the Dotentj.*! for increased treatsent.
Figures for a variety of systes designs and a list of references are
included. (EHF)
ACCI
L001065
116
-------
AOTHOS
AFFIL
TITL7
SOURCE
TEAR
TEIT
f
DeHalle. F.B.. Kalaan,. D.A., Noraar, C., Sang, J.( Plews, C.C.
Departaent of Environmental Uealth, Uniiersity of Washington at Seattle
aoa Departaent or Social and health Services. Clynpia, Washington
Trace Organic Sezovals in a Large Septic Tank
Third Kcrthaest On-5ite dastewater Disposal Shcrt Course, (larch 1-5.
1980, University of basbinqton. Seattle. Washington, p. 238-256 (19
"aqes)
960
A Washington coaaunit? septic tank serving a 91-hcne sutdi»idion was
studied to eeasure the pitnence of priority pollutants in dosestle
sewage. The study also evaluated the ceeovai of these coapounds in the
anaerobic septic tank by analyzing effluent jiaeples collected froo a
distribution cor. The results pertain to the evaluation of the volatile
orqacics in toe ran dosestic sewage pusped fro* a large fi»e year old
coBQUDitr septic tank. The priority pollutants generally showed higher
levels on weekends, prohaal? reflecting leisure activities and related
chenicals. fiost other volatile cospounds uere hydrocarbons, and their
resoval by the septic tant generally decreased uith increasing eoleeul&r
Height. beveral crganosult'ut cospcunds showed substantial increase as a
resale of anaerobic degradation processes in the septic tank. (AO/SBF)
ACCS 1001066
iUTHOB Leich, H.H.
AFFIL HA
TITLE Grey Hater Separation Galas
50UBCE Coepost Science/Land Utilization, 21(5):18-1") (2 pages)
TE&B 1960
TEXT Hevieus an on-site sanitation svsteas n-anual ccupiled by the Naticnal
EnsiroisBental Health Assaciatioa. Ihe aanual includes practical
inforaation on qreywater separation sethods. Its purpose is to prcvide
the typical hoaeoaner uith iBforaaticn en a variety of alternative
Hasteuater treatment systeas available to solve sanitation problems.
Includes the address of the association frora which the nanual can te
ordered. (SHF)
ACCf
AJTHOB
4FFIL
TIT.E
SOURCE
YEAH
TEXT
J.001067
Barror, R.F.. Tchobanoqlous, G.
Departoetit of Civil Engiueering, University of California, Cavis,
California
Effective aastewater Flanageuent Planning for Scall CcBSunities - Part 2
Public works, 111 (9):125-130 (6 pages)
1980
Discusses the Itey innovatire wastewater aanagesent olanning concepts for
saall coauunitiec, eephasizing that lani and a lator fcrce are twc
iaportant- resources generally given i riiuf f icier.t attenti9n. Two
proposed institutional changes, "Centralized Aduinistrat ion/
Decentralized Tceatsent" anv? "Coafcined Federal Prcaraes" are recosaended
for acre efficient aanageisent and operation. (SbFj
ACCI L001068
AUTHOE Barror, R.F., Tchcbanoglous, G.
AFFIL Departaent of Civil Engineering, University of California, Cavis,
California
TITLE -^fective Hasteuater ranagesent Planning for Suall Comunities Part I
SOURCE 2ublic Bocxs, 111(6):76-80 (5 pages)
IEAR I960
TEXT Hastewater «anage«ent pltnniag is eiauined with respect to the federcj.
regulatory process, grants process and the unigue planning
considerations of snail coaaunities. Tne article discusses the
characteristics of saall coaaunities such as Banageaent, services, and
eaplJyseot, and it explains hou the planning considerations can te
forsuiated based on these initia;. ideas and observations. (SHF)
ACCI LOOT 069
AUTHOB Laak, B.
AFUL Civil Engineering, University of Connecticut. Storrs, Connecticut
TITLE Influence of Doaes«-ic «astewater Pretreatuent en Soil Clogging
SOU.1CE Journal Hater Pollution Control Federation, 42(8) Part 1:1195-1500 >(,
?ages)
970
TEXT A soil colusn eiperiaent was designed to deterrine if the total weight
of TSS and BOD-5 applied to the sc.:l was directly related to soil
failure or ultieate clocqing. Halt of the colusns were loaded with
septic tank effluent ana the other half with ejtended aeration plant
effluent. Results showed that TSS resoval differed between the t«o
systeis, indicating that BOD-5 could be a contributing paraaeter in
clogging. Analysis of the clogging material showed thet it did net
contain sufficient aaounts of terrors sulfide to be considered a eajor
clogging coaponent, as was previously thought. The eiperiaent concluded
117
-------
that increasing the pretreateent of domestic mstewattr prior to scil
application increases the service ti»e cf the sell surface. (S«F)
ACCI :
AUTHCF:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOURCE:
YEAR :
TEXT :
L001070
iA
feA
Affluent Effluent: Ne« Choices in Hastewater Treatsent (Filo)
Water Files, iO Sates Road. Hatertova, RA 02172
1931
Innovative jr.d alternative uasteuater treatstnt nethods suitable for
conaunity ust are exaained in this HC-ainut'i color fils available in 16
•• and in 3/y* video cassette. The fila is acccupanied by a 28 page
handbook describing the rase studies of the 17 ccumunities litervieued.
CoBounitv leachfitlds, land application and aguaculture are asonq t'n«r
options, which when iapleeented in the cosaunities can save pcney,
energy and resources. This fila is available for rental cr purchase
fro* Hater Files. (SUF)
*CCt : LC01071
AUTHOR: Cuthrie. f<.L.. Latshaw, G.J.
SFFIL : H&
TITLE i Soil-Potential Ratings for Septic Tank Absorption Fields in Leon County,
Plorida
SOURCE: Journal of Soil and Hater Conservation, Hovenber-Decesbec, 1980 278-260
YEAS : JIBS*""'
TEIT : A pilct pro-ject was conducted in Lecn County, Flcrida, to test the 1978
Soil Conservation Service policy and procedures for preparing soil
potential ratings. Septic tank absorption fields nere selected as the
land use for uhich scil potential ratings would be developed. Local
contractors uho install septic tanks identified corrective aeasurcs that
they use to overcoat soil lioitations, uhile an interdisciplinary scil
survey teas related these corrective seasures to scil sap units. The
results of this pilot prelect illustrate the benefits cf preparing soil
potential ratings at the local level. (SWF)
ACC3
iUTBOE
AFFIL
T1TIE
TEAS
TEXT
1001072
Zelazny. L.W., Li€tzke, D.A., Earuood, H.L.
fiqroaoay Departeent, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University
Septic lank Drainfield f'ailures fiesultinq froe !"i ner aloqical Changes
Jir^inia <*atdr Resource?; Reserach Center. Virginia Polytechnic Institute
ind State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060 (118 pages)
1980
Tne purpose of this study was to detersine whether oc net septic tank
drainficld failures in areas containing soils with a high biotite or
chloritizcd vereiculite conponent cculd be the result of «ineralpqical
cbanqfs t..at decrease the perse^bilitf of the soil at the drainfield
interlace. Tw^nty-fcur drdinfields in Virginia counties uer= exaained
a'-A in each instance, visible cheaical alterations were detected at the
soil-dtainfielfi interface. X-ray diffraction of the coils revealed that
the prieary aode of effluent soveaent «as channelized flow. At nc site
did tie dcainfield fail for purely nineralogical reasons. (AU)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
IEXT
LG01073
Jones, R.A., Lee, G.F.
Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Septic Tank Wasteuater Disposal SysteBS as Phosphcrus Sources for
Journal Hater Pollution Control Federation, 51 (1 ) : 2761- 2775 (12 pages)
1979
Possible ground anl surface water conta«ira tion resulting fro» septic
tank effluent near Voyage Village, Wisconsin, led to this repcrt.
Eipecinental procedures consisted of the sasplinq of 21 observation
yells \.o eoiitor a specified septic tank for IS paraaeters, including
specific conductance. pH, alkalinity, various ions, soluble
orthophosphate, total phosphorus, aasonia, nitrate, turbidity and iron.
In addition, pertinent characteristics of the study area exaained
included cliaate, soils onalyses, site geology, scil phoschcrus scrpticn
test, hydrology and qroundaater quality. Final results showed that
septic taTk effluent did aiqrate froa the drainage field into i He
groundwater reqion; however, no phosphate transport was fcund. Article
also contains additional discussion cf nutrient (P and N) t cans re r tat ion
routes fron leach fields to ground acd surface waters. (SWF)
ACCI : LC01C7y
AUTHOR: Losbardo, P.
AFFIL : Clean Water Project, Tovn of Woodstock, New
118
-------
TITLE : Household Hater Conservation: Options, Costs and Savings
SOU.ICEc LoabarJo C Associates, Environsental Engineers/Consultants, 109
Stoniford street. Boston, fiassachussetts 021 1 <* (31 pages)
YEiB : 1982
TEXT : A staple step-by-s tep procedure is ezplained foe the individual to aodit
his hose's carrent water use and tci deteroine which uater sasinq devices
are cost-effective. Dfeviees discussed are Ion-flow shower heads,
flow-control inserts, tbersastatic sizing salves, aerators, toilet dses,
low-flush toilets; coapostiaq toilets, and pressure reducing valves and
qauqes. (SWF)
4CCI : 1001073
AUTHOR: Secblcos, R.H., Engestt, J.
JkFFIL : Departeeot of Civil Engineering. University of Hashlnqtcn
TITLE : hound Systeu - Washington Espcrience
SOURCE: Third Sorthuest Oa-Site Masteuater Disposal Short Course, Harch 0-5,
1980, University of Washington, Seattle, ilashington. p. 53-72 (20
pages)
TEXT : Describes a Hisconslu aouod installed on a seall lot with tight sells
and high qronndwater — conditions unsuitable for a conditional ST-S8S.
Perforaance of the systea was evaluated through a vear long stady of
water quality paraneters. Data shoued that iiaprovenent in uater qualit
vas so pronounced that the percolating effluent entered the qcounduater
aguifer with little chance of serious uater quality degcation. (3WF)
4CC«
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
500HCE
7EXT
L001076
Tyler, E.J., Converse, J.C., Tredrickson. D.H.
Seall Scale Haste Har.agenent Project, University of Uiscoasin-Hadison.
and University of Hiscossin-Eitension and the Departeent of Health onfl
Social Services, Stata of Wisconsin
Bound Systea-Kisconsia Eiperience
Third Kccthuest Oa-Site Masteaater Disposal Short Cours-e. Barc-h Q-5,
1980. University c£ Wdshiogton, Seattle, Washington, p. 73-91 (19
pages)
Provides a general description of the Hisconsin sound and :is
application ID Wisconsin. Cocieents include corrections aaae to foiling
BOUDdS. (SWF)
*CC»
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAH
TEXT
L001077
H.
Department of Eavironscotal Cuality. State of Oregon, Portland, Oregon
Sand Filters: Oregon Eiperience
Third northwest On-Site Kasteuater Disposal Shcrt Course, Parch 0-5,
1980, University of Kashinc ton, Seattle, Washington, p. §2-98 (7 pages)
1980
Discusses experiences in Cceyon uith the in terffi ttent sand filter.
recirculat ir.q sand filter ana interail.tent recirculatinq sacd filter.
Design perforeLice and OCR requiresents of each systee are defined.
The intersittent recirculatinq sand filter produced excellent quality
effluent, but it had a short life span of approriaately tuo yej>rs.
Effectiveness cf the intersittent sand filter varied uith dosing rate.
(SKF)
ACC(
4UTHOB
AFFIL
TITl'_
50UHCE
lEAb
TEXT
L001078
Heed. S.C., Bastian. H.K.
USA/CBTiL and EPA/OhfC
Aquacuiture Syst-jus for Wastewster Treatn'ent An Engineering
Assessment
US-EPA. Office of Mater Pcogran Operations (133 pages)
1980
This publication contains the results of an effort to assess the current
status of aquaculture technoloqies !or uastewater treatsent. The
assesseent includes an -ver»ieu and indi»id-jdl engineering evaluations
coverinq various xastewater aquacultuia systes^ involving wetlands
processes, aquatic plant processes and coabineo aquatic processes.
(SHF)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECE
TEAR
TEXT
L001079
Maqara, I., Suqito, D., Vaqoae, K.
The Institute of Public Health and Uepartnejit of Envicrnnental
Sanitation, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo; Japan Eavironeental
Sanitation Center, Kawasaki
Design and Performance o£ Night Soil Treatsent Plants
Journal Hater Pollution Control, 52 (5) :914-922 (9 pages)
1980
Collected niq"t scil treatment plants in Japan processed approximately
75 percent of the total collected night soil produced in Japai in 1970.
119
-------
Anaerobic and aerobic digestion and activated slajge processes are the
predosinaut treateent aetbods, and under proper operation they can field
effluents which Beet uater quality stasdards for EOD, suspended sclids
and colifora nuaber. idwaocea collected night soil treataent pcocesseE
designed to increase effluent quality r.ie discussed uith esphasis placed
on the biological denitrification process for waste treataent. (sfir)
iCCS
aUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001080
Ross. S.A., Guo. P.H.f!., Jack. B.E.
Hater Pollution Control Directorate. Eovironaen'cal Protection Ser»ice.
Environsent Canada
Design aacl Selection of Seall wastewater Treatseat Systees
Hater Pollution Control Directorate, EBBiroiuental Protection Ser»ice,
Environeent Canada /312 pac.es)
1980
This cosprehensiwe report provides general infcreation on the design end
selection of uasteuater systess with capacitites for populations op to
2,500. Material covered includes: aeasaresent asd estietion of
uasteuater flows: physical, cbeaical and biological characteristics ct
domestic tastewater; on-site wasteuater treatoent aed disposal
processes; central uar;teuater collection and treateest systeas;
operating probleas associated with saall treataeot systeas; disposal of
liquid effluents end uaste sludges; Canadian reqBlatory agency
requiceaents; and procedures esployed ia the selection ana approval of
uasteuater systeas. General cost figures and schesatic diaqrass ere
m seated for eost topics discussed. 6 case history is provided to
ustrate the design and selection procedures discassed. (AD/S«F>
iCC» L001081
iUTKOB Lehc, J.B.
\fflL National Water Hell Association, fttn iibor, nichigan
VITLE Ihe Fabulous Pouers of Mctter Earth to Injest, Digest and Avoid Stoaach
Distress
SOOnCE Individual Onsite Hastewater Systens - Proceeding of the Eighth Baticnal
Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor. Michigan (IS pages)
YEAR 1962
TEXT Three systems of land application of aasteuater are revieue': slci*
rate, rapid infiltration, and o»erlaad flow. Objectives, design
features and public health efforts are outlined rcr each Bethod. Prcper
site selection is eaphasized with guidelines presided for each type of
systea. (SWF)
ACCS 1001062
ADTHOK long, J..H.
AfflL Plichiqan Cepattseot of Public Health, Lansing, Bichiqan
TITLE Experiences ^ith Site Modifring Sjwage Disposal Systems ^t Single and
Two Fanily Hoaes
SOURCE Ihe Hichigan Environmental Health issociation, Picbiqan (19 pages)
IEA.R 1978
TEXT This survey of alternative sethods of land application of uastewater in
use at one .ind tao-faiaily hos°sites considered fear on-Eite treatnent
eethods: enlarged, fill, deep-cut, and lagoon systeas. The purpose of
the evaluations was to deterzi^e «hat designs ha;e teen used for seuage
disposal and how the virious designs have functioned. Causes of failir.q
o and failure rates are listed for each uethcd under differing
soil perseability aud water tafcle conditions. (SHFJ
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001083
Feigin, A., Feigenbaua, S., Liaoni, H.,
Institute of Soils and Hater, l.R.O.
Utilization Efficiency of Nitrogen frou Sewage Effluent and Fertilizer
Applied to Coru Plants Growing in a Cldy Soil
Journal of Environuental duality, 10(2):284-287 (a pages)
1 981
A greenhouse study of corn plants groan on a clay soil was C9nducted to
determine the fate of nitrogen following sewage tffloent irrigation.
Imonia nitrogen was added to the test soil as a solid fertilizer, as
sewage effluent, and as a sineral solution. Forty-three days after
seeding, the crop was harvested and nitrogen content uas traced using a
nitrogen isotope. Estisates are given fcr the nitrc?er. taken up ty the
plants, ieraobilized in the soil, and deaitrified cr volatilized due to
simultaneous application of carton and nitrogen in the sewage effluent.
(SWF)
ACCI L00108U
AUTHOR Grahaa, N.
AFFIL Cawliti County, Kelsc, Washington
TITLE Public Works Approach to Kaaagesent cf Eural Hater acd Sewer Systeas
120
-------
SOURCE:
TEAS
TEXT
Individual Otisitj Uastevater Systens - Proceedings of the Eighth
National Conference, October 20-22. 1961, Ann Arfccr. Kichigaa, (30
-'.O'jnty, tiashinqton, now operates six satellite water and sewer
systems *hich serve 2.000 rural residents, A putlic works accroach is
taken to nana,,e this systea efficiently. The organization, financing,
construct i on, operation, aod Baintenance of the systea using this
approach is presented. The expansion of this accroach to oasite
t^r systea aanaqeaent if discussed. (SfcF)
ACCI LOC10E5
AUTHOB Sioaons, J.D., Hevean, J.D.. 5cse, C.H., Jones, E.E.
AFFIL U.S. Departsent of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service, Bnral
Housing Research Unit, P.O. Bcs 792, Cleoson, South Carolina 29633-0192
and Parsers Bore Adainistraticn. USDA, Washington, DC 20250
TITLE Saall-Diaaeter. Variable-Grade, Gravity Sewers for Septic Tank Effluent
SOUBCE ASAE, CeceRber. 1981 (16 pages)
i. £ A H 19 o i
TEXT Defines the design and operation of a snall-dianeter, variable graoe
efflueiit sever installed at Rt. findreas. Alabaaa. Figures are included
which describe coaponeots of this installation alonq «lth
recoBiendations for future iBstallation. The systen. which consists of
•odifled septic tasks, ssall-diaieter fIC tracsport lines csd a laqcon
for filial treatneot, has operated satisfactorily for sore than fi«€
rears ulth continually flooded lines running uphill uith a net positive
hydraulic qrsde. The line «as installed, uith the help of tbe
residents, for $2 per foot (1975). Procedures and an eiasple r< isiqa are
included. (SBF)
ACCI 1001086
AUTHOS Kelson, B.
AFFIL Fueblo Regional Planning CoBiission. Puetlo, Colorado
TITLE The Ho«eo«ner*s Guide to Septic Tanks
SOURCE tueblo Area Council of GovernBeots, Pueblo, Colorado (16 pages)
IEAB 1981
TEXT A short, easy to understand caide on the operation and »aintenance cf a
host: septic tank. Also includes a triel description of a septic tank
aniottcance prograa initiated xn 197S by the Fuetlo Regional Planning
Coeaission of Pueblo, Colorado. (SHF)
ACCI L001087
AUTHOR l.,\
AFFIL NA
TITLE Texas Tear-Round Hyacinth Treat»ent Study
SOl'RCE Water fieuse Highlights, tWWi, January, 1976:15-16 2 pages)
HEAR 1978
TEXT Wastewater treatsent utilizing a covered water hyacinth syste» has beec
studied at an Austin, Texas, experiuental facility. Reductions in
suspended solids, BOt nnd eineials uert cbtainerl during treatsect of
stabilization pond effluent. The protective cover provides year-ccund
plant crowtb and treatment at a eininun of eaintenance and energy.
(SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLK
SOUBCE
IEAB
TEXT
L001088
Dix, S.P.
EFA Saall Bastewater Flowf Clearinghouse, 253 Stewart Street,
Horaantown, UV 26506
Siting and Sizing Leach Field in Lariaer County
IndiviOual Onsite Kastewater Systens - Proceedings of the Seventh
National Conference 1980, Ann Arbor, nichigan, p. 9-19 (11 pages)
1981
Part cne concerns the procedures followed in Lacieer County, Colcradc,
for site review of onsite wastcwater trestsent systeas for planned
subdivisions and individual hor.es. Site inspection and review far a
stcff en*ironaental engineer is stressed ai. necessary to the review
process. Danaqe«ent requireae.its for on^ite systeas are discossed with
respect to working with the homeowner after installation. Fart two
concerns the development of a new sizinj equation for scil absorption
systeis. The equatio.- works within the liaitaticn of a percolation test
and size reguireaents required tinder Colorado law. The equation say be
used for sodified des.gn associated with wasteuater flow reduction or
evapotranspiration. (SMF)
ACCI : L001089
AUTHOE: McDonald, R.C., Molverton, B.C.
AFFIL ; National Aeronautics and Space idsinistcation, Sationa] Space Technology
Laboratories, MSTL Station, Mississippi
121
-------
TITLE Coaparative Study of Hastewater Lagcon with aad without Hater Hyacinth
SOURCE EconoBic Botany, 34(2):101-110 (10 pages)
Y £ Afi 1930
TEXT A three-year stady was conducted on an existing, one-cell facultative
sewage lagoon having a total surface area of 3.6 ha and receiving a
BOD-S loading rate of Q1 kq/ha/d (QOlb/a/d). Ihe cosparative
experimental periods ran froa July through Novesher fcr three
consecutive years. During the first period, wat _r hyacinths coopletely
covered the lagoon. The water hyacinth coverage was reduced by 33
percent of the total surface area tha secon14, year. The lagoon, free of
ail vascular aquatic plants the third year, was Eonitcred tec
coaparative purposes. The EOSt significnat isprcveisent overall it the
effluent quality occurred when water hyacinths covered the entire
laqooo. During this period the effluent BOD-5 and TSS sere 23 and 6
Bq/i, respectively, Hithout water hyacinths, the efflutnt SOD-5 and TSS
were 52 and 77 eg/1, respectively. the effluent total crgaoic carton
concentration with water hyacinths averaged to ag/1, and without Hater
hyacinths, 72 sg/1. A discussion of the results fros this three-year
study is (.reseated in this paper along with associated problems that
uere observed when water hyaciiths were introduced into the lagoon and
altered its behavior Icon that of a norsal facultative legoon. (80)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFfIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
IEAB
TEXT
1001090
Klink, K.R., Pirrunc?. D.F.
Donohue and Associates, Inc., Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Cost-Effectiveness Aaalysis for Oa-Site Hastewat«r Treataent
Alternatives
Public Works, January 1982, S1-5H (8 pages)
1982
Five on-Fite uastevater tteatncot alternatives vere evaluated based on
econoaics. practicality anu enyironaentdl iapact: coawentional septic
systess, holding tanks, sanitary sosi^r service, individual iscand systess
and cluster sound systees. Desiga and financial coasiderations fcr
these svstess are presented- Present worth values were calculated using
1981 figures for nest counties in aiscc.nsin. Septic tank systeus Here
found to be least expensive; i&jividual sounds and holding tanks cost
about 2.5 and 8 tiees sore than septic systeas, respectively; cluster
sounds and sewer costs depend oa the length of line and ouster of h<:;os
in the vicinity; and sewers generally cost less than a cluster »oo'jd,
with both costing less than holding tanks. A graph, which ilJostr^ted
its cost-effectiveness of the various alternatives in teras of present
woith cost per hoae, serves as a useful guide in FreliBinalT set
of Hastewater treatsect alternatives for a nuater of hosaes .'n a
particular vicinity. (S^F)
ACCS 1001091
AUTHOR Galecar, H.C., Harlic, C.C., Enfield, C.G.
AFTIL US-EPA, Robert S. Keir En»ironeental fiesearch Latoratory, Aia, Ok?.ahoea
TITLE Drainage Requireeent:; for Land ftpplication Hasteuater Treataent
SOURCE Transactions of the JiSCE, 23 (2) :3k3-350 (U pages)
YE/fi 1980
TEXT Drainage reguireaents for land application wastewater treatsent are
discussed based on the node of treatment: slew rate (irrigation), rari
infiltration, or overland flow. Drainage patterns for each systes are
illustrated. leportance of sabsurface drainage for slow rate and rapid
infiltration is stressed in a discussion of land application effect on
height of water table and groundwater quality. (AO/SKF)
ACC«
AUTUOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUnCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001092
Bouwer, H., Rice, R.C., Lance, J.C., Gilbert, R.G.
U.S. Hater Conservation Laboratory, USD*, SEA/AR. Phoenix, Arizona and
Science and Education Adainistration, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Rapid Iifiltra'^ion Syr.teas for Hanovating Sewage
Third Northwest On-Site Wasteua'cr Disposal Shcrt Course, March 1-5,
1960, University of Washington. Seattle. Washington, 128-160 (32 pages)
1980
Descrites design aspects of a rapifi-infiltration systea? Induces
consideration of infiltration acid hydraulic loading tcsin design,
groundwater hydraulics and wjter guality with specific isference to the
Flush Meadows Project. Reference to 26 articles and texts provide
sources fcr technical design detail. (SMF)
ACCI : L001093
AUTHOB: Hac.xoeier, R.
AFFIL : Extension Agricultural Engineer, University of Minnesota
TITLE : How to Run a Percolation T£3t
SOURCE: Lani E Mater, Tebiuary/Maich, J3 pages)
ItiB : 1981
122
-------
TEXT : Details a step-by-step procedure of bo« to run a percolation test.
Ciagrans are used to illustrate actual on-site setup of testing
apparatus. Exaaple calculations are 9iven to demonstrate reduction of
field data to a percolation rdte, aefl rather than determining the length
of trench required, a aethod of calculating the trench lotto* area is
presented. (Sap)
ACC* L00109U
AUTHOB Carlile, B.L.
AFFIi Extension Soil Specialist, Horth Carolina State University, Raleigh,
north Carolina 27650
TITLE Effluent Distribution and the SiqBir.icance to Systea Peifcrsance
SOURCE Individual Onsite Sastewater Systea!; - Proceedings of the Se/enth
national Conference, 1930, Ann Arbor, Bichigan, p. 129-115 ('.7 paqes)
TEAR 1981
TEXT Defines and offers alternatives fen the conventional distribution
system. V-trenches, gravellecs distribution (cinder block, large pipe),
pressure distribution and spray \rri?ation are discussed. The authors
reel the recognition ana acceptance of these systees is necessary to
overccae present liaitations of conventional options. (SHF)
ACC8 : 1001095
AUtHOR Kesuicfe, B.H., Uang, D.S., Gerba. C-P.
AFFIL Eroqraa in lafectioas Diseases acd Clinical flicrobiology, Dniuersity of
Tesas Kedical School - et al.. University of Arizona, Tucson, Rriiona
TITLE The Use of Cicrcorganisss as Groced-Hater Tracers: A Bevie«
SOUSCE Ground »ater. 20 (2) :1 «2-119 (8 paqes)
YEAH 1962
TEST Discusses the use of aicroc -qanises as qroundwater tracers. Cheoical
tracers do not always reflect the cc*-aste«ater that can te carried eway
foa the subsurfece disposal area. This aa? reguire alterr.a •• i ve
oeasures, sucih is raising the fieli. A ita vheaat ical relationship uas
developed for reducing the reguired soil interface area, and loading
rates for different soil peroe^tilities were plotted oeographLeally fcr
use in siting tields. Mediua sand and silt with an unsaturat.?d
thickness of 1.5 feet were found to reaove 30 percent of septic tank
effluent phosphate and nitrogen after two years of operation. (SWF)
ACCI
iUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAK
TEXT
L001097
Laak, S., Parese, tl.J., CostelJ.o, H.
Department of Civil Engineer ing. University of Connecticut
Denitrification of Dlacxuater with Grsjuater
Aoerican Society of Civil Engineers, 1C7 (EE3) :581-591 (11 pages)
1981
A biological nitrogen resoval process developed ty the University of
Connecticut utilizes greyyatsr to denitrify blackwater. Following
priaary treataent in separate septic tanks, greywater and blackwater at
niied in an anaerobic rock filter tank where denitrificaticn occurs.
The effluent is disposad of in a conventional seepage ted. Nitrogen
removal of over 70 percent was attained during a field study in a full
scale hone systea. (SBF)
ACCI
AUTHCS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001098
Laak, B.
Cepartsent of Civil Engineering
....... . £
Kastewater Engineering De.-'ign
Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.,
(187 pag&j)
University of Connecticut
or 'Jnsewered Areas
P.C. Box T*25, Ann Arbcrr flichiqan
U8106
1980 . , * ,
This design text outlines in detail the reguired engineering design
-------
steps for en-site wasteuater treatment and disposal systeas. r, szriety
of designs are presented iociudinq septic tanks, lagoons, OEidatiou
ditches, qieyuater and blackuater systeus aad aerobic fixed growth
filters. Detailed designs of a septic tank with soil absorption systes
and a biogas generator are included tiith cost analyses. Suhlects
briefly discussed include site evaluation, nastewater characteristics.
subsurface soil systees and septaqe disposal. (AU)
ACC»
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEXT
IC01099
Crates-FJ
Rancor, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 65800
Ranaqeient - h Oany Spleodored Word
Sational Sanitation foundation Cnsite Haste r.anaqeoent Conference, 1981,
inn Actor, flichiqan (7 paqes)
I960
The lack of an unified sansgeaent prcqraa for en-site uaste disposal
technologies has prevented its fall development as a viable
technoloqical alternative. On-site technology installers, house
builders and developers, sanitarians and hoaeouners art often not aware
of available governaent funding because of a breakdown of coeaunicatico
with aanaqesent. The author suqqssts a Bafflageaent prograa involving
acadeaic engineers,, eaoafacturers, QOBeroeent. hcse builders and cuners,
and installers is needed to effectively present on-site technologies in
the oarketplace. (SUF)
*CC«
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECF
IE4B
TEXT
L001103
lost, J.
Feeble County Engineer, Eaton, Ohio
Gcinder-Puap Pressure-Line Checks Out 6fter Five Tears
UfiTEB/Enqineering 6 Management. 128(1):79-80 C2 pages)
Article gives an itemized brealtdoan of cost for an installed gcindec
pnap unit JS1.396,. Three categories: equipaent design, facility
oesign, ana adsiaistcatiire procedures and practices, are discussed in
detail with respect to their iepact on grinder pu»p operation and
aaiatenance. A table lists the percent tine spent OP specific and
routine operational eaiatenance probleas: average
household. (Syr)
iCCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOfiCE
TEAS
TEXT
L001101
Hori, U'T
Uasteuater Discipline, CR2 R Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Cn-Site Seuage Disposal Systeus for Rural Cooirunities
WPCF 1981 Conference, Detroit, nichigan, October 1981 (2U paqas)
1981
A general method for desicjainq alternative coBnanity on-site disposal
systens is presented viitb illustration cases. The design process
involves two steps: data collection and detailed desinn. Guidelines
are suggested for both steps. Data collection includes soils
evaluation, pemeaoility, aepth-to-high water teble or iapervious
raterial, and topography. Detailed desigr> imolves choice of a
conventional on-site systea cr a fill systen, design flow estimates,
q ouadwater balance, cutoff drains, tank and drainfield sizing,
distribution nethcd, site grading, and phased construction. (SHF)
ACCt
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
r£Ai>
TEXT
L0011 02
Chen, R.L., Patrick, V.H., Jr.
laboratory for Wetland Soils and Sediaents, Center for Wetland
leources, Louisiana Stete University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Nitrogen Trsnsf ornations in a Siouloted Overland Flow HastenateL
Treat»ent Systes
Mater Besearch, 1 a(8) :1 051-10U6 (6 paqes)
1 980
To a siaulated overland flow uodel, wasteuater containing redlst r i tu te<2
nitroqen-annoniua was applied to deternine tht N rencval efficiency,
transf oroa tion latos, and incorporation into trie plant-soil systea. A
low perueability nhoon silt loan soil was seeded with perennial ryegrsss
and placed on a four percent slope. Tbirty-nire percent of the appij.£2
radiolabeled M was recovered, the loss prinarily attributed to
denitrification. Nitrate forsed fay nitrification of aBooniui in the
surface soil aiss was denitrified cr reduced to organic foras in the
reduced zone. Nitrogen loss via deni tr i f icaticn should be used to
evise estinated H reoovai rates, which W9uld increase K loadinn rates
by forty percent because of higher deni tr if icaticn rates. (SHF)
ACC» : LC01103
AUTHOB: HA
AFFIL : Gcvernsent of the Republic of Botswana, International Cevelopeent
124
-------
Research Cecter (IDBC), Ca: dian International Development Agency
7IT1E : Sanitation in Developing Countries
SOURCE: Froceedings of a workshop on treinina held in Lotatse, Iiotswaoa. 1Q-20
August I960 (172 pages)
TEXT : The United Rations has chosen ths 1980-1990 decade as the period when
special en^hasis will he placed on overcosing the lack cf adequate water
supply and sanitation facilities for larne sections c£ the populations
of the less-developed world. Reqicnal aeeti.igs were held in two areas
of Attica to present inforaation on lou-cost technologies and traiainq
pllqrass to delegations fro» throughout the continent. 7hese
proceedings l&clude papers presented at the iieeting, sueaaries of the
esultinq discussions, description of the field visits, rosolsitiont and
actioR plans. (SUP)
ACCI : LOO:iO«
IDT HO I): Yes&an, B.
AFfIL : Office of rfater Progras Ooerations. U.r. EPA. yashington, DC
TITLE : New Developsents in an Old Idea: The Bole of Water Conservation in
Saall Hastewater Systeas Operations
S03BCE: Individual Onsite Hastewater Systems - Proceefiinqs of the Eighth
Va:iooal Sanitation Foundation Conference, 1961, inn Arbor, HI, (10
jlqes)
TEXT : tea developments in tho area of water coffsertratioa are descrited.
Topics discussed uitti regard to reduciaq uater usage include cconcsic
factors, public auareness, leqislatiie incentives, consuner acceptance
and data collection. Selected case histories help illustrate the
ecoaoaic dad enaironiental benefits fez the consumer and the coeaunitv.
(sun
ACCI :
AUTHOB:
TITLE :
SOUBCE:
YEAR
TRXT :
L00110S
Anderson, E.L., Pepper, 1.1... Kneebone, i.a., Drake, P.J.
Dnpartaeat of Soils, !fatere and Engineering, and Departaeat of Flant
Scieaces, Oaisersity of Arizona, Tucsoa
Heclasatlon of Hastewater iiith a Soil-Turf Filter: — II: Removal cf
phosphorus. Boron, Sodius and Chlorine
Journal BPCF, 53 (9) : 1U08-1 HI 2 (5 paq-ss)
A laboratcry study was conducted to determine th€ resosal of phosphcrus,
boron, sodiun and chlorine fros uasteaater by a scil-torf filter.
Secondary treated effluent BSE applied at various loading rates to plots
of twc soil coepositions needed with turfqrass. The leachate was
collected and cfteoically analyzed for the eleeents. The resolts
indicate that both soil-turf tilters were effectire in r&nosriiiq
phosphorus, bcron, sodiue and chloiine fiora uasttwater. Grcur-diiater
cecharge act the iederal concentration standards for these elesents.
(SUP)
ACCI
AUTHOR
iFFIl
TITLE
SCUECE
YEifi
TEX;
L001106
uhelan, B.R., Titaanis, Z.V.
Division of Land Resources aanaqeoent, CSIHO, Wenbley, West Aostrialia
Daily Cheaical Variability of Doaestic Septic Tank Effluent
Hater. Air, and Soil Pollution, 17 (2):131-t39 p paqesO
Effluent froffl the septic tanks of five households was saopled fcr 15
days. Temperature, redoi Fotentiai» ccoductivity and tiochesicsl ciyqen
denand were aeisu-'ed and sasples were analyzed for. nitroqen, phosphcruE,
trace ele«ents. Ca, f"q, K, 2u, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, ."!q anJ linear alkylate
sulphooate. Little dailv rariation occurred in the effluent between
households. The effluent was in a reduced and anaerobic condition with
alaost all nitroqen and phosphorus occorrinq in the inorganic fcr« in
solution. (AO/58F)
ACCI L001107
AUTHOR Bennett. S.R., Linstedt, K.D.
AFFIL UeparHent of Civil, Environaental and Architectural Engineering,
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colcrado
TITLE Sewage Disposal by Evaporation-Transpiration
SOUdCE US-EFA, flnnicipal Environeental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Septeaker, 1973
TEAR 1978 3 ,
TEXT One of the «ethods for on-site disposal of wasteuater frca Individual
hoaes is by evaporation. Two types of evaporative disposal systess have
been investigated in this study: evapotranspiration beds and aechanicil
evaporation units. Twenty-nine test lysineters cf 0.22 cubic seters
voluae each were utilized to evalute the effect of design and
operational parameters for ET bed. The variables studied were
wastewater loading rate, effect of the weather varieties of evapoiation
and rainfall, ET sand size, evapqratioo rate as a function of the water
saturation depth, and the transpiration contribution of surface
125
-------
vegetation. A design uethod is presented alonq with cost data and an
analysis of the national application potential of this type of systea.
The evaporation of uasteaater usicq eechanirel syster-s was studied using
a pi.LOt scale unit constructed as fact cf tl.e project. Two types of
evaporation designs were evaluated. Eesiqn equations Bete established
for both units, cost data and analysis of national application
potential arc also presented. (AU)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TE1B
TEII
L0011C8
Pano, A., H.-i.ddlebrooks, E.J.
College of Enqineering. Utah State University, Logan, Utah
Asaotiia and Total Kielaahl Nitrogen Bfiaoval in Aerated Laqoons
Hater and science and Technology, vol. 1«:361-391 (11 pages)
1961
The annual and seasonal reaoval of aeiionia and total (Meldahl nitrogen
(TKM) in five aerated lagoons is evaluated. Relationships between the
percentage c^io»als of a-aeonia nitrogen and TKN and the hydraulic
loading rates an3 the reciprocal of the hydraulic detention tiaes are
presented. The operating conditions, physical characteristics of the
systeas and the waste«ater characteristics are discussed. Low hydraulic
loading rates or loag hydraulic detention tiaes are required fcr
effective acieonia nitrogen and TUN resowals in aerated lagoons operating
ID cold clioates. (AU/SHP)
ACCI : 1001109
AUIHGB:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOUBCE: Effluent
IEAB : 1981
TEXT
Illustrated in this report issued by tfie World Bank. These lou-cctt
treataent processes provide adequate uaste disposal facilities under
those conditions. (SSF)
BA
Bursl SanitatioB in Cevelopinq Couatries
Hater Ircatuent Journal, 21 (5) :210-21« (5 pages)
methods of »aste disposal in developing countries are discussed and
tfie
ACCJ
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOD EC E
TEAH
TEIT
L001110
Ahoed, B., Schiller, P.
En»ironiaental Systeas Division, The Center for the En»itonEent and Ban,
Inc., 275 Windsor Street, Hartford, Connecticut 0610P
Sonpoint Source O^antification and Its Ecle in Lake ani2 Stream Water
Quality tiannina
Progress in Water Technology, 12:763-801 (19 pages)
1980
Identifies a siaipie aodel to quantify pollution frca nonpcint sources
iocloding leachate froa septic tank absorption field. Date; collected
3roe Lake Marasauq, Connecticut, and its tributaries are used in a
comparison to verify the validity of the model. Discussion given on the
use of the nodel to develop cost-effective nonpoint source pollution
control and; Hcnageaent piano is presented and illustrated by eiaaple.
Phosphorus as thought to be the Uniting nutrient to nonpoint source
water pollution, though the aodel is applicable to other pollutants,
e.g., BOD, S3, nitrogen, colifors, oil I grease, and hea»y aetals.
(40)
ACCI : L001111
AUTHOR: Bakef, L.K.
AFfTL : Weatherby Associates, Inc., Jackson, California 95602
TITLE : The lapact of Water Conservation on Cnsite Hastewater Hanagenent
SCUfiCE: Individual Onsite Wasteaater Systeos - Proceedings of the Se.enth
Hational Conference, 1980, p. 61-82 (22 pages)
TEAR : 1981
TEXT : The iepact cf flow reduction on onsite iiasteaater «anaqeBent is
considered. A discussion of «ater use and flow reduction is presented;
are assessed; and actual application case examples are presented with
tables which shon coaparative savings. Fixtures used in flon reduction
were IOH flush toilets and air-assisted showers. (AU/SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
SOORCE
ISAE
TEI7
L001112
Olivieri. A.U., Cooper, B.C.
California Kater Quality Control Board and School of Public Health,
University of California
Public Health Evaluation of Onsite Systems
Individual Onsito Wasteuater Systeas - Proceedings of the Eighth
Hational Sanitation Foundation Conference, 1981, Ann Arocr. HI (22
pages)
1982.
The ptrblic health risk associated with nastewater disposal alternatives
is difficult to establish, A probability aatrix »ethod of estiaatinq
126
-------
such risk is presented. An eiaeplc cf the application of the eetbcd is
qiweu with which the relative health risk of alternative onsite Baste
disposal systess is estiaated. (All)
ICCI
AUTHOB
TITLE
SOURCE
TEIT
1001113
MA
HA
Mater Hyacinths - Valuable Tertiary Process
Hater Sesuse Highlights. t.UVk, 1976. January 14-15 {2 pages)
i two-year study at tise Rational Spa^e Technology Laboratory Ja
Hississippi has eianiaed the use of water hyacinths as a tertiary
vasteuater treateent systes. Results froe the »ascul«r Aquatic Plant
Project indicate that a safe effluent for agricultural reuse can te
supplestents and soil fertilizer are also possible frcs ptcces.ced ^
hyacinths. & diaqran of tae treatsent process is included. (SHF)
AUTEOB
IFFIL
TITLE
SOUftCE
TEAS
TEXT
Caaeron. J.J.. Arastroaq. B.C.
SortHern Technology tJait. Hater Pollution Control Directorate,
Enviornisental Protection Setirice, Environsent Canada
Hater Conservation Alternatives tor the Morth
Environment Canada, Economic and Technical Review, Report CPS 2-'JF-60-2
(53 paqes)
I960
Appropriate and cost-ef fectiire uater copservation setbcds and t<>ch-cloqy
can iBprose the ) 'wels of sertrica an-3 sanitation and the econoaics ot
providlnq water ...id seuage services in northern cosajai ti«3L= This
e /r lion experiences, and the
•ethoas and technology to redoce «ater uso and ihe cosccoitant ens
reguiceaents. Various a jainistratise alternatives and water
conservation technology for toilets, bathing, laundry, kitchen and
households are analyzed uith respect to acpropria teness, public
acceptance and cost-effectiveness. Econosic analyses and «ater
conservation strategies for both trucked and piped utility systecs are
pleseated. (AU)
energy
ACCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
IEAB
TEII
L001115
White, F.K., Erown, R.E.
Agricultural Engineering, Ohio State University, Envircnsentol
Telations, Ohio Fara Bureau Federation
Applying Sludge at Agronoaic Rates
BioCycle. 22(1):2Q-T* (5 pages)
1981
Discusses Ohio's oethods of sludge application on fat&lacis* "he
1 oq an uses Application rates of one to sin dry tons per acre as a
•cans of reducing envionaenta\ and nuisance problems. The article
discusses th° "slurry" and "sludge cake" application systen as uell as
•anaqeaent principles and considerations. (SMF)
ACC»
AOTKCfi
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAE
TEXT
L001116
Sobsey, H.D., Dean, C.H., KruckleE, I.E., Saqner, R.A.
Dept. of En-vironaental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public
Pealth. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 6iC 27511
Interactions ani Survival of Enteric viruses in Soil raterlals
Applied and Environnentai nicrobiology, 40(1):92-101 (10 pages)
1980
Describes the interactions and survival of representatives of two
different enteric virus qroups in eight different soil saterials in
settled seuage. Results show that virus adsorption is rapid, eostly
occurring within 15 einutes of application. Clayey scils proved to te
the i>est adsorbents over a range of pH and TDS levels, nh
-------
artificial wetlands as a viable uasteuater treatment alternati- -.. An
experimental »acsh consisting of live separate systeas received
partially treated effluent fros an adjacent setage laqocn systes. The
teooval of BOD. SS and nutrients was eonitored along with effluent
qualities of the »arious systems. Data analyzed after cne 7ear cf
operation suggest that iBpro»euent ot effluent quality is pcsslMe. the
degree of iaproveaent being dependent upon varioos factors iocladi^a
hydraulic loading, retention tlse, season and systee confiqucbtion.~
ACC« 1001118
AUTHOfl Hill, if.P., Halters. D.D.
iFFIL. Enqineerinq and Technical Ser»xces, Valley Septic Products, Inc.,
Getttynburq, PA
TITLE On-Site Systes Hehabilitation
SOUHCE Conpost ;cience/Land Utilization, Journal of Hater Recycling,
21 (5) :26-27 (2 pages)
IEAB 19dO
TEXT The proprietary PCflQX treateent sethod uas developed to rejuvenate
clogged drainage fields withoint extension of the existing drainage tield
or construction of a nea field. Septic tank and drainage field pipes
distrLtutioB box. The hydrogen perozide solution reacts at the
soil-agqreqrte intarface to elialnate the clogged condition. This
aethoil has application uhera space is liaited cr existing landscaping
prohibits the construction of a drainage field extension or a neu field.
(SHF)
ICC I
ftUTHOB
iFFIl
TITLE
SOOFCE
VEAB
TEIT
L001119
Oakley, H.R.
batson Itauksley, Consulting Engineers, High Uycoebe, U.K.
Operational Experience with Aer&ted Lagoons
Progress in Hater Technoloay, 12 (3):239-242 (« pages)
1980
Discusses operating experience with two staple aerated lagoons. Aerated
.\eqooas in this context incorporate a baffled settlina zone and are a
lora of coepletely eixed activated sludge plant treating either
cooaiDuted unsettled seiiage or settled seuaqe. Scse ditficullies «ere
experienced durioq the coaaiaEicninq period in obtaining adequate
settleaent in the settling zones, these ha»e been resolved ty
•edifications to the baffle. This fora of treatnent offers sose
attraction in relatively lot* capital cost, but jith the penalty of high
power consumption and consequently high operating costs. It is
suggested that for '.his rea.'/cn, lagoons of this nature are test osefi for
short-tere teaporary or irvtetia necks and consequently should be cf the
sieplest possible construction. <&U)
ACC«
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUfiCE
KEan
TEXT
LC01120
Maqdoff, F.R., AnaJon, J.F.
Dtpt. of Flint aid Soil Science, University of Veruont, Burlington, »T
Sitrotien Availability fro» Sewaqe Sludge
Journal of Environaental Quality, Vol. 9, Mo. 3, 1980
I960
Laboratory and field studies were conducted to assess the nitrogen
availaoility fro i senate sludge to crops. Crop yields of^corc^anfi hay
... _ .i e
r _..___..__ t sludpe
treatients was na greater than that supplied by aaaoniua nitrate. The
increased crop yields on the sludge-amended ti^lds was attributed to
increased potassiua supply and residual nitronen effect froo tt^stsents
of the prewious year. Laboratory procedures to detersine the potential
field itineralization of sludges leading to the ranking of various
sludge1^ according to potential available nitroqen contributicn tc crcri
are outlined. (SWF)
.
qrorfn on sludqe-anended Hadler soil were qreater than yields cf crop:
grow11 un soil iuended with ar.Ronius nitrata. Nitrate recovery in th<
corn plots revealed that the available nitroqen supplied by the sludc
ACCI : 1001121
AUTHOR: Boyle, W.C., Otis, R.J.,
Ami. : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, HI
TITLE : Cnsite Alternatives for Treateent and Disp9sal
SOUHCE: Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 53(61:733-737 (5 pages;
Y F A fi " 1QR1
TEXT :" This I960 literature review of on-site alternatives fcr treetoent and
disposal of wastewater disc-sses onsite treatsent, subsurface disposal
systess, eyaportratispiration, septage aanageaent and seall ccaeunity
lacilities. It includes a ua-article bibliography. (SaF)
ACCI :
AUTHOR:
L001122
Rachoeier, R.E., noore, J.A.
128
-------
AFFIL ;
TITLE :
SOURCE:
TEAB :
TEXT
Extension Agricultrual Engineers, Ooiversity of Finr.esota, St. Paul,
Minnesota 55108 and Oreqon State University, Corvallis, Oreqon 97331
Land Treataent of leptage
Individual Onsit»i feasteyater Systeas - Proceedings of the Seventh
National Conference 1980, p. 265-219 (15 pa-jes)
! 1961
: The effects of land spreading of septaqe on ground aad surfacfc Hater In
Minnesota uere studied. Seven test plots nlth hitih tollatici potential
(solution) (soil) ranging frca 0.0115 to 0.637 acres, Here dosed with
various loading rates (either 50 Ib/ac/yr or 200 lb/ac/|r) of total
Kjeldanl nitrogen (TKN) using iatersittent and slug loading frequencies.
Saaples of septaqe, soil, soil aoisture and groundaater uere analyzed
for total solids, total volatile solids, cheaical oxygen Jeaand, asBonia
nitrogen, TKH, conductivity and fecal colifors. An extresely ulde
variation in septaqe characteristics, and no detrisental effects en
qrounduater quality (nitrate-nitrogen level of less than 10 ppa) aere
found. Sandy soil served as an excellent treataeot aedius for septage.
ACCi
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
5CUBCE
lEAE
TEXT
L001123
/lendrjr. G.S., troth, A.
Microbiology Section, Laboratory Services Branch. Ontario Hinisttj cf
the Environaent, Besources RD.. P.O. Bo it 213. Rexdale, Ontario H9B 5L1,
Canada
Soae Effects of land Use on Bacterioloqi ;al Hater Cuality in a
Recreational Lake
Hater aesearch. 16(1):105-112 (8 pages)
Describes a study to detect the source of fecal indicator bacteria and
the resulting degree of bacteriological water quality in^airaent cf
Bississicri lake, a shallow eutcopnic lake ia Ontario, Canada. T»o
consecutive 5-day surveys uere perforaed during late Hey - early June
and late July. Ra-jor detectable sources of fecal colifora uere cattle
watering sites, Caras, public beaches, soae flooded and substandard
sepcic tanks, inflowing streaas and a bird sanctuary. After raicfall,
densities of fecal colifortos 6aS fecal streptococci rose about 10-fold
to all surface niter samples.
Cottagers Mere surveyed for correlation between swlepiDq habits and
disease. The frequency of ear infections was significantly associated
uith the aaount of suiasinq uhich Beet Hater nanaqement objectives for
Oatario. Loa densities of fecal indicator bacteria indicate that
current regulations of installation and aaintenance of septic tar.ks are
being aet; houever, the prereace of ear infections indicate additional
control nould b-j aav_sable. These studies provide the tasis for
recoaaendations designed to inprove lakewattr quality. (AU/SHF)
iCCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECE
TEAB
TEXT
tloreau, E. M.
Departueut of Huaan Services, Division of Health Engineering, Augusta,
t, a i n e
Failures — Remedies and Prevention of Subsurface Wastewatet Disposal
Systeas
Individual Onsite Mastewater Systems - Proceedings of the Lighth
National Sanitation Foundation Conference, l^ei, Ann Arbor, HI, (25
pages)
1981
The causes and possible aeasures to ccrrect malfunctions of subsurface
wastewater disposal systens are discussed. A checklist of points to
consider when aeter»ining the cause of a malfunction include seal
conditions, treatment units, water usage, garbage disposal usage and
others. Tne steps are listed in a sequence of investigations that will
detereine the cause of the system aalfunction. (SMF)
ACCI
A01HOB
JlfFIL
TITLE
SOOBCE
TEAB
TEXT
LCC112L
Haailton, J.
Sanitation Facilities Construction Branch, Indian Health Service,
Portland, Oregon
Anaerobic Treatnent of Septic Tank Effluent
Proceedings of Northwest On-Site Waste Water Disposal Short Course,
University of Washington, Departaer.ts cf Civil Engineering and
Environmental Health, p. 99-136 (<4C pages)
1 976
Effluent froa an upflou anaerobic cock filter following a tyficsl faeily
septic tank was treated prior tc discharge to the leachfie\a. Results
indicate reduction in h.OD-5, SS, and COD throuuh the rock filter co te
39 percent, 33 percent and 21 percent, respectively. The anat^otic
filters, a trench 17.5 ft. long, 3 ft. «ide and 18 in. deep, proved to
be an effective and inexpensive Beans of polishing septic tank effluent,
thereby reducing the biological load on the leachfield. (SHF)
129
-------
ACC»
AOTHOS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
T.EAB
TEXT
ACCI
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCF
YEAB
TEXT
1001126
Hinneberqer. J.T.
Septic Tank Systeas. Berkeley. California
History o£ Individual Seuage Disposal Systeas and the State of the Art
Proceedings of northwest Onsite Waste B.Uer Sheet Coarse. Deceabei 8 6
9. 1976. University of tashinqton. p. 1-7 (7 pages)
This brief history of the irt of individual rewage disposal desiqa
presents an entertaining depiction of the 3'.elopae.it of the techaoloqj.
1001127
Laursen. A.
Tacoaa Pierre Couaty Health Departaert, Tacoea, Washington
A Critics! Analysis of the Percolation Test
Proceedings of Northwest on-Site Haste water Disposal Shcrt Coarse.
Deceatet 8 C 9. 1976, University of Washington, p. U9-52 (U pages)
This evaluation of the percolation test considers the pros and GOES cf
the test and how it Bust be integrated with other site evaluation tools.
-------
ten
Suggests a rational planning approach let non- or partially sewered
saall conaunities. A case study shoas how this approach fairly
evaluates on-site technoloaies.. Identifies key planning considerations
and develops an integrated planning approach for ssall cosaaeities,
based on a eanaqecent agency and prcgras... Deecnstrates the significance
cf iaplenentation analysis over cost-effective analysis. (SHF)
ICC 8
AOTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAK
TEXT
L001132
Klink. R.E.. Pirrunq, D.F., Uintheiser, P.3.
Snsironisental Enqin::eri3q Di»ision, Donohae 6 Associates, IBC.,
Sheboyqan, i»isccasin
Cost-Erfecticsness Analysis for Various On-site Kasteuater Treateent
Alternatives
On-Site Sewage TreatBent-Proceedtnqs cf the Third Rational SyepcsloB on
Individual and Ssall Cossunit? Seaaqe TreataeDt 1981, Aserican Society
cf Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Hichigaa (10 pages)
1962
Present ucrth cost inforeation teas used to coipare coesanity-wide
alternative systess. Alternatives included septic systess. individual
BOQud systeBb, individual holding tanfes, cluster-round systess acd
sanitary sewer se-.rvice. Graphs and figures coapaied the present north
cos*s per hose and the percent cf present worth of uaricas cosponents
for both 5 and 50 aaits application of j qi«en alternative. the
inforeation say be oseful for educating the public about the options and
costs for specific alternatives. (Sarj
ACCi
AUTHOB
AFF1L
TITLE
30DRCE
IEAR
TEXT
L001133
Paco, A., Hiddlebrocfcs, E.J.
Culp/Hesner/Calp, Denver, Colorado and Departaent of Agricultural
Engineering, CleasoB Oaiversity, Cleoson. sc
Aaooaja Nitrogen Beaoval in Pacaltatise fcasteiiater Stabilization Fonds
Journal aater Pollution Control Federation, 5« {«):3«u-351 {8 pages)
1982
Three case studies of facultative wasteeater stabilization ponds are
analyzed for aBaonia-nitroqen resoval ac a function cf pH value,
teaperature pond configuration aad theoretical hyaraulic detention tise.
Annual aaBODia-H removals abowe 90 percent are observed. The eajcr part
of aasonia-8 resoral occurs in the priaary ponds. Aimoaia-B reaoval
increases as the pS value, detention tine, and tenperature increase.
(SKF)
ACCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL.
TITLE
SOURCF
TEifi
TEXT
L001134
Ferrara, R.S., HarleBan, D.F.F.
Departaent of Civil Engineering, Princeton University
Hydraulic Kodelinq for «aste Sf-atilization Pones
Journal for the Env. Eng. Div.. 107 (i-E«) : 817-63C (10 pages)
1981
A Bftheisatical sodel and dye tracer studies are used to illustrate the
treatsent efficiency of various lagoon geoeetrics and inlet and cutlet
configurations. Results suggest that tieateent efficiency predicted ty
the coepletely aired flow aodel cospares well with that determined by
analysis of dye tracer studies. A return flov aodel which realistically
eresents the transport process is developed. (SBF)
ACCI
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
3CUECE
IEAB
TEXT
L001135
Hill, D.E., Sawhney, B.L.
The Connecticut Agricultural Eiperiaent Station, )>ew Raven, CT
Heaoval of Phosphorus froa Waste Water ty Soij. Under Aerobic a'jd
Anaerobic Conditions
Journal of Environaental Quality, 10 (3):H01-U05 (5 pages)
1981
Moveaent of phosphorus (P) under different soil acisture conditions was
investigated. Hastewater containing 12 oicrcgraes per nl P «as added to
an isolated soil tlock 2-3 tiles a week for 2.5 ?ears. Analysis cf
effluent froa weeo holes at different depths suggests that scii pathways
allowed P to enter groundwater tefore all sorpticn sites were fully
saturated kith P. Also, anaerobic conditions caused by a high water
regenerates sorption sites. (AC/SWF)
ACCI
Al'TKOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
L001136
Ceaqen, F.
Ceigen Aguatic Biology
The March/Forest Systea for Advanced Secondary Treatsent
Municipal tastewater Reuse Hews. Ko. 35:14-15 (3 pages)
1980
The utilization of sarsh and forest ecoifstees in conjunction is
presented as n Ion cost, low-energy leans of polishing secondary
effluents in California. Secondary effluent is fed intc an aerated pond
131
-------
for the production of aquatic orqanis»3 ani to achieve additional
eaoyal of contdiiaants. The pond effluent is rtcircolated thrcuch the
shalirx root Zi:ns of a forest plot. The wasteuj-ter fro« the cOBbioed
systes «eets disi;har.;e standards, aa<3 a nutritiv effect upon the
ecosysttns IE reported. (SbF)
HCCI
iCTHOa
tFFIL
TITLE
SOUKCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001137
Horqan, D.W., Pelosi. P.
Urban Econooics, University of Califcrnia. Santa Barbara, California
The Effects of Water Conservation Kits on Hater Use
American Water Hitics Association Journal, 72 (3) :'31-1 3J (3 pages)
During an intense drought in 1977. the cit? of Oxnard, California.
distributed a free household water conservation kit to 600 households.
According to a subsequent survey? sixty-three percent of the households
installed at least part of the kit shich included a aatet das to reduce
the quantity of water flushed in the toilet, a plastic sho«er head flow
restrictor and a dye to test toilet storage tank leaks. Households that
installed the conservation kits had greater average water use, sore
bathrcoss and acre water-using appliances than ncn-installets.
Households headed by craftsaec and profesciocals installed at a slightly
higher than auecaqe rate, while those headed by eqaipoent operators and
laborers installed at loner rates. The total kit reduced water use ty
slightly sore than three percent, enough to pay fcr itself in a rear at
"inter rates then in effect.
ACC» : LOO!138
tUTHOF: Burgh. J.
TITLE : Sasinq eater Scenicallj
SOOBCE: tftster/Enqineering G Hanageeett, 129(3):U6-47 (2 pages)
IE£E : 1932
IEXT : * uastewatcr reclssation systea is designed to be an integral p«rt of a
Ne« Hexico vacation resort. The systea provides secondary treatnent
through a psckagod, exteaded-aeraticn plant. Efflaent is either used
for pasture irrigation or passed tbrcuqh pressure filtration and seiea
landscaped pools in series, uhich provide further aeration aod exfrcsore
to sunlight. The reclaiaed sater ii; used to irrigate lanns and
landscaped areas surrouadinq the Iccqe. The systea helps conserve the
sparse watei resources of this arid ceglon. (SWF)
iCCI
AUTHOE
TITLE
SOUSCE
TEAS
TEXT
LC01139
Olson, J.V.. Crites, K.W., Levine, P..^.
Creeqan C D'Aaqelo, San Jose, CA
Ground-^ater Quality at Hapiu Infiltraticn Site
Journal of the Envi ronaental "nqineei: inq Eiv-ision, EFS:B85-899 (8 paqcsj
1980
A oae-vear study en a rapid ir.filtration site in continuous operation at
Hollister, Cali^rnia, for 30 years deteroiocd the systeu's effect on
yroundviater quality. Local hYaroqeciogy was analyzed by borinq legs,
and qroundtfater sasples were taken i-hen the qrcund»at°r irouncl was
highest. Unchloririated prinary effluent treated at this site shouea
substantial percentage reductions in COD (935), BCD (961;), TCC (961?;) ,
nitrogen (93S) and fecal colifcres (99*-) after percolatitiq through se*en
•eiters (22 feet) of unsaturaLed soil. Longer travel distance would te
required for effective phosphorus reaoval. Trace elenent reeov^l
varied, shallow grounduater concentrations were generally lo*&r than
•guidelines established fcr unrestricted irrigation. (AU/SMF)
1CC»
TITIE
SC3URCE
JEAB
IEIT
LOOT' UO
Bond, V. J. Collis, C.N.
Depaitaent of Soil Science, Dniversity of S'dney. Australia
Ponded Infiltration Into Simple Soil Systeas: 3. Ihe Behavior of
Infiltration Sate with Tine
Soil Science, 131 (6):327-333 (7 pages)
1 961
The behavior of infiltration rate with tiae during ponded infiltration
into siaple soil systeits is eiaair.ed. The apparent linearity of a
seasured infiltration-tiee relationship is shown oot to be a reliable
indicator of steady state. An aquation based en Ilarcy's law, relating
the infiltration rai.s tc the total potential gradient in the
transmission zone, :.s derived and experimentally tested. This equation
is used to support cho follcwincs ttc concepts: 1) steady-state
infiltration cannot te eioected tc t? attained in finite tiie during
infiltration into siuple soil systeas; and 2) saturation and transition
zoaes affect the infiltration rate. (iU/SKF)
iilEOfi:
L0011U1
Vann, J.&.
132
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AFFIL : Dixie Electric Cooperative, Onion Springs, Alabana
TITLE : Eura} Electric Cooperative Ranaqesent Systess
SCUECE: Individual Onsite Uasteuater Systeas Proceedings of the Eiqth
National Conference 1981. National Science Foundation, Ann
Actor, Hichiqaa (17 pages)
tear : 1961
TEXT : A basic, in-place organization structure of a rural electric cooperatire
is shewn to fce adaptable to water or uastewater operations. 4 sueoary
of the responsibilities and functions of each of the departeents within
this structure is provided. Work order, billinq, general ac-joanting,
inventory and reporting procedures are justified econoBical]y. The
author feels that providing water and wasteaater services can be
assisted by this aanageeent systea in one of the following three wars:
1) portions of the eanageaeat systeo aay be adopted by the utility as
standard; 2) a portion of the services required cj the water/w^stewater
owner Bay be contracted through the rural electric cooperative; and 3)
the rural electric cooperctive say tecoae a fall-service utility
encoapacsinq uatsr/wastewater •anaqeoent.
ACC?
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOHCE
YEAH
TEXT
Troyan, J.J.
Eroun and Calflwell. Eugene, Oregon
Alternative Systems - the Oregon Experience
Proceedings of the Hortfanest Cn-Sitc Haste Hater Disposal Short Ccurse,
Deceeber 669, 1976, Oniversity of Washington, p. 33-37 (5 pages)
1976
This is evaluation of alternative sewage treatasnt and disposal systens
for the Oregon Departeent of EDvircnaental Quality. '.vailatle
altercatives are classified into non-discHargiaq, discharging or
disposal syctess. In structores uith running «ater, aechanical
oxidation systems and Bounded disposal teds are recoaaenjed.
Rouever. both alternatives «ere reccsnende'1 ulth restrictions.
Haoy other STsteas acre fouad curcertly unacceptable doe to lack
of sufficient long-tera objective dccu*entation of reliability.
Further developoent aad testing could bring tLcss systess to an
acceptable level of reliability. Systems restricted to
structures without running water are recycle svstees and
self-contained toilets. The eiisttnce of a public agency «ith
ultiaate responsibility for all operation and eaintenance of
ids-tailed units is recoacended in all cases. Chanqes in
Oregon's subsurface disposal rules since the completion of this
report are included. (SUF)
ACCI
ADTHOB
AFFIL
TITIE
SOURCE
TtZT
L0011H3
Levine, P.E., Crites, B.H., Clson, J.V.
Ecology and En»ironsent, San Francisco, CA
Soil Cheaistcy Charges at Fapic Inf iltra t ior. Site
Journal of the Environaental Eaqineerinq Dinision, EcS:869-833 (8 peiges)
1980
Heports changes in the chemistry of a calcareous soil produced at a
rapid infiltration facility in continuous operation at
Hollister, Calirotnia, for 30 years. Soil pH was decreased
siqnificaotly and there was significant increase in saturated
extract conductivity. Soil organic natter repaired nearly
constant. Nitrcqen accuauletion accounted for cr.ly t«o percent
of total B applied cve^ the entire period. Although the soil
•aintaioed its ability to absorb solution phosphorus. Host
phosphorus appeared to pass through tho =01.1 to the grcunduater.
soron increased jt the soil surface. >.jticn exchange capacity
and exchangeable sodiuo, oagneiiun, and potassiura increased.
Soil aetai concentrations also geterally increased. (AC/SHF)
ACCI : LP01114U
AUTHOH: Froae, «.
TITLE : Rural Sewage Treatment in Versont Book 2: A Planning Manual
SOURCE: Teraont Natural Besources Council, Bontpelier, vereont (101 pages)
TEXT : HritteD for to«n officials and citizens seeking answers to cosKunity
sewage treataent probless, this took is organized into £-:udy and action
steps. In ti;e study steps, towns can look at prcbleac and collect
needed iaforaation. Through th-e action steps, tcwns can act to isprove
onsite sy^tees, build centralized systeas and prevent future probleas.
Focuses on the special needs of Vermont's unseweced areari.
Appendices provide federal, state, regional and state university
contacts, alcng wifi a list of aanufacturers and consulting
engineers. (AU/SWF)
ACCI : L0011U5
AUTHOB: Jebson. R.W.
AFFIL : En»ironsental Systeas Service, Ltd., Culpeper. Virginia
133
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TITLE : flanaqesent by Contact
SOUHC2: Individual Onsite tfastewater Systess - Proceedings of the Eighth
national sanitation Foundation Conference. 1981, Ann Artor, Michigan
I £ A H » 1931
TEXT : The histocy and organization of a voter and vast€«ater systea operatiOE
and eaiatenance service are described t-y its founder. Target clients
are seal i. aunicipalities, industrial treataent plants, systeas
coEStracted by developers, aad systees supporting recreational
coaaunities. Services include staffing and ofecall responsibility fee a
custoser's utility process systee and reducing the client's operating
costs. Oiversifled operating teaas are assigned to geographical
regions, and analytical laboratory acrfc oct of iueedlate concern to the
operator is assigned to a central facility. The central laboratory
•onitcrs the pert9rsance of the operating teaa. Advantages of this type
of business are discussed, and its continued prospects £or success,
particularly in industrial uastcwater treataent are cited. (SHF)
iCCd
AUTHOS
arm.
TIILF.
SOOH<:E
1001186
Stephenson, H., Turner, G., Pope, P., Celt, J., Knight, A.,
Tchobanoglous, G«
University of California. Davis, CA 95616
The use aed Potential of Aquatic Species for Hasteuater Treataent: The
Emroroaaental Reguiresents of sguatic Plants
The State Hater Resources Control Board publication So. 65, Appendix A,
Sacrasentc, CA (659 pages)
1980
This annotated bibliography deals with the enviroEaeatal reguireaents of
vascular plant species—catagorized as fceing either eaergent, floating,
or suiECtged—ha»inq potential foe use in wactewater treataeat.
Presents the effects of physical, cheeical, and biological
paraaeters, in addition to the uptake of specific substances by
the plants. Held, coaposition, and decoapositiets data are
qiveu for each of the species discussed. Indexed ty subject and
author. (SUP)
ICC9
/, U7HOR
*FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEST
1001117
Fritz, y.H.f Helle, S.C.
Orlanda Seqional Office of Boyle Engineering Corporation
Cypress Wetlands for Tectiary Treatisent
Katiocal Science Foundation, (7 pages)
1981
Researchers studied the tffects of discharging a city's secondary
effluent unto a large cypress wetland srea. there were no significant
adv«tse environaentai ispacts related to the application of secondary
effluent. Although the aetland was »ery effective at tesoving nitrates
aiid nitrites, it did net significantly reocve the organic or assioniua
foras ct nitrogen. Consegueatly, sufficient detention tine should be
provided i.,i the treatment facility or holding ponds to con?ert as euch
of the niLiogen tc nitrates as possible tefore applying the effluent to
tht wetlar.d. There was GO signlficcnt ^eaoval of phosphorus. Because
the concentrations uere low, no conclusions could he aade regarding the
fete of heavy setal inputs tc cypress suassps. There was little cr no
colifcra contaainaticn of the grounduater by the se«age-enriched surface
waters. (5BF)
ACCS
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOfiCF
lEAfi
L0011«B
Zulaui, A.
(j.S. Soil Conservation Service, Bellevue. Washington
Soils - Characteristics, Surveys and Baps
Proceedings Northwest On-Site Waste Hater Disposal Shcrt Course,
Eecaaber 8 £ 9, 1976. University of Washington, p. 36-U6 (11 pages)
1976
TEXT : Discusses the use of soil surveys to »aKe a prelininary
deteraination of site suitability fcr an onsite dirp9sal systes.
Brief descriptions of survey cosponents (classification,
interpretations and soil saps) enable the user to exclude poorl»
suited sites and focus onsite investigations on potentially
favorable disposal areas. 'SWF)
ACCI
AOTHOF
AFFIL
TITLE
SCUHCE
YEAR
TEIT
1001119
Strong, D.R.
U.S, Departnent of Housing and L'rban Derelopisent, Seattle, Washington
Bound Systess for On-site Haste aater Disposal
Froceedinqs of Morthuest On-Site Waste Kater Disposal Short Course,
University of Washington, Departraects of Civil Engineering and
Environcentai Health, p. 92-98 (7 pages)
1976
Gives a detailed description of a Bound systen. Provider, construction
seguenoe aad design with illustraticns. (SHF)
134
.-I
-------
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
XEAE
TEX1
L001150
SeablcoB, R.k..
Civil Engineering, University cf Washington. Seattle, Washington
Soils Capabilities in Vaste Water Benosaticn
1976
Discusses the effect of soil properties en septic tank atscrptica syste«
renovji of bacteria, viruses, aitrogen and phosphorus ccapounds.
Filtration ^nd adsorption is sost efficient in -jnsaturatea
fine-textured soils and least efficitnt in saturated course
soils. Nitrate-nitrogen eaves freely through the soil, uhile
r.BBoniuo nitrogen is readily adsorbed by soil particles.
Phosphorus is generally coabinej with other cospcunds which
easily precipitate and are trapped ty sc.'l adserption. (S«F)
ACCt
AUTBOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
lEiAD
TEXT
L001151
Xristiansea, H.
Aqric. Fes. Coun. of Norway. Section Soil Pollot. Res., 1532 Aas-NLH,
Borway
Sand Filter Trenches £cr Purification of Septic Tank Effluent: I. The
Clogging Hecf-.ani.se and Soil Physical Environseot
Journal of Enviroaeental Geality. 1 C (3) : 353-357 (5 pages)
1 J EJl
This is the first of three articles CB sand filter trenches for treating
septic tank efilueat. Three pilot plant sand filters, one heated sad
two at ambient teeperatures. were observed to explain the relationship
between clogging aad soil physical ard chemical easiroosent in the sand
filters. Discusss- ponding rates, C/H ratio, bacteria and bacterial
exudateSo redoi potential, and ataoschere within the sand filters.
(AU/SHF)
ACC»
AFFIL
AUTHOB
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAfi
TEXT
L001152
Agcic. Res. Caun. of Hor»ay, Section Soil Pollat. Res. 1132 Aas-BlH,
Korwav
EEistldn^ea, S.
Sand Filter Trenches fcr Purification ot Septic Tank Effluent: II. The
Fate of hitroqan
Journal of Environsental aaality, 1 0 (3) : 359-361 (« pages)
1981
This is the second cf three articles about the use of sand filter
trenches to treat septic tank effluent. Three sar3 filters are heated
and tuo at aebient tetsperatur" sere ctservei tc cetermine the fate of
nitrogen in the systea. Its' nificant asounts of N aece found to be
reaoved fros effluent passed through the filters. Suggests
egual distribution of effluent, interoittent leading, and use of
a soil with a higher cation exchange capacity than sand tc
iaprove nitrogen resoval in septic systees. (AU/'SWF)
ACCB
AUTHO/l
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001153
Brandes, N.
Ontario Ministry of the En» ironaen t , Toronto, Canada
Effect of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration of a Septic Tank-Sand
Filter Disposal 3yste»s
Journal Water Pollution Control, 52(l):59-75 (17 pages)
1980
A one-year field study was condjcted in Ontario to investigate the
operation of a septic tank/underdrained sand filter wasteuater disposal
systea. The focus of the study centered en the effect of precipitation
and evapotranspiraticn on the reaoval of cheeical and bacterial
contauinants by the sand filter Bedim. Septic tank effluei.t was
punped to a 18.3 by 15.2 • Bcuni-shape3 s?cd filter lined with a
polyvinyl chloride sheet to prevent soil infiltration- A scd cover was
placed on the sand filter surface to prevent srosion of the sand filter
•tdius. The results showed that the highest evapotranspiration rate
occurred during tha ware growing season. The yearly average
evapotranspiratior rate indicated that 58 percent of the total
precipitation was reeoved by evap ot ransp irat ion. The renoval of total
and fecal orqanioas frou the effluent was apprcrioa tely 100 percent.
Phosphorus and nitrogen retention in the sand filter were "2.6 and tO.U
percent, respectively. (SWF)
ACCI : L00115I4
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
Carliia, E.L, Cogger, C.G., Sotsey, r.D., Scandura, J., Steinbeck. S.J.
Eepartsent of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
Korth Carolina, et al.
Moveaent and Fate of Septic Tank Effluent in Sells of the Ncrtn Carolina
135
-------
Coastal Plain
SOUHCE: C^asta) Plains Beqlotal Coanission, Division of Health Services, Rortb
Carolina Department ot Human Resources (60 paqes)
TEAR : 1981
TEXT : '/he aovfcisent and treatment of effluent froo septic t.ank systeas on Berth
Carolina's lower coastal plain was studied. Part I reports results cf
exacinations cf qroundwater 'luality, water table location, and soil
properties. The aost iapor^aut factor affecting effloent novenent and
tceatnent was water table d.:pt!i. Pressure distribution of effluent
isproved trtatnent in hiqh-wct^rtable soils if the systes nas not
continuously saturated. Lov chroisa (grayish) colors in the soil uere a
good indicator of seasonal high water tables. Fart II considers a
septic systeo's ability to remove enteric viruses, concluding that ahere
nicih-watertables and poorly absorptive soils are present, enteric
viruses can contaeinate qrounduater. (AU/SHF)
ACC«
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITL2
SOUSCE
TEAR
ISX.T
1001155
Froae, n.
Veraont Natural Resources Council, Kontpelier. »er»ont
Rural Sewage Treatsent in Vernoat-Bcok i: A Guide to tSe Alternatives
Veraont natural Resources Council, Koatpelier, Vermont (130 paqes)
Written to help the general public understand their oun sewage treatoent
probleas, this book presents basic technical interaction on sewage
treataent in layman's terns and explains the laws, regulations and
agencies which govern sewage treatment it Vereont. SOD€ of the choices
for treating sewage in rural cooainities include: the coDssntionzl
septic ST«;te», alternative onsite systess. uaterless toilets, water
conservation and flow devices, an< centralized sewage systess.
Appendices provide lists of federtl, state, regional and state
university contacts, eanufacturers and consulting engineers. (AO/5HF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLK
SOURCE
TEAR
IEIT
tC01156
7oant, G.L.
7SP aasteuater Technology, Gettysburg, FA
Selected Topics: Barketinq of i/h Technology and Services
Individual Onsite Uasteuater SysteiSE - Proceedings of the Eighth
National Sanitation Foundation Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor, Michigan (12
One coepany's effort to aarket inncva ti ve/al te rra t i ye wastew^ter
technoloQ'- in a rural coaounity under tne Construction Grants Progras
found engineers aad regulatocv officials to hive riqid attitudes and a
preoccupation with centralized sewerage facilities. The article
concludes that despite regulations which encourage I/A tecSitologj .
coBBunities often associate availability o£ federal fonc.s with plans
GDploying only centralized facilities. This results in oecisions that
are Gelioa rjased en an appropriate or econoaically feasible alternative
plan. (SWF)
ACCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001157
Kristidrsen, R.
Agric. hes. Coun. of Korway, Section Soil Pollut. Resd., 1«32 Aas-BLH,
fioruay
Sand-Filter Trenches for Purification of Septic Tank Effluent: III.
The fficroflcra
Journal of Environaental Quality, 10 (3):361-36U (H pages)
1981
This is the third of three articles about the use of sand filter
trenches to treat septic tank effluent. Size distribution and
proportions of iapoctant bacterial groups are discussed, along with the
bioaass at different depths below the filteL surface. Efficient resoval
of bacteria was observed in clogged absorption fields as coopared tith
uncloqged fields, suggesting that internittent leading say reduce
purification efficiency unless very snail application rates are used so
that flow through the sand filter reaaias highly unssturated. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001158
Harkin, J.H., Jawson, ,1. D.
DepartBBLt or Soi) Science, University of Uisconsin-Padiscn and U5CA
Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University. Pulmnnn,
Washington
Clogging of Soil ty Septic Tank Effluent and Its OiiJative Reversal
Proceedings of northwest On-Site Waste Hater Disposal Short Course,
Dece«ber 869. 1976, University of 'Washington, p. 53-61 (9 pages)
1976
Soil column eiperinents stun that clogging is caused by water-repellent
bacterial polysaccharide sliees produced ty anaerobic bacteria.
Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes and nechanically agitates the crusted surface
136
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when gaseous oxygen is released. The treatsent ves successful in the
soil coluans and field studies. (SUP)
ACCl L001159
ADTHOB Ctis. 8.J.
AFFIL Depart*~nt of Civil and Environaeatal Engineering, Oniversity of
Wisconsin, Hadison. Wisconsin
TITLE Pressure Distribution Design for Septic Task Svstess
SOD8CE Journal of the Environeental Enqiseering Division. Proceedings of the
Aoerican Society of Civil Engineers, 106 (EE1) :123-1UO (18 pages)
TEAS 1982
TEXT Design criteria fcr pressure distribution of septic tank effluent in
subsurface soil absorption systess is described, aad a sisplified desiqn
procedure is presented. Topics include suggested aethods of effluent
distribution for »arious systee designs and soil perseabilities, flow
relations in distribution net«orlcst ia-line cressure, sloping sites, and
dosing frequencies and chaster sizing. A ten-step design procedure is
outlined and illustrated with an eiaspie. Includes flow equations,
Doaoqraphs, diaqrass. (SHF)
ACC(
AUTBOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SCONCE
YEAE
TEXT
LOOM 60
Lund, L.J., Page. A.L.C Kelson, C.O., Elliott, B.A.
University of California, Riverside, CA
nitrogen £1lances foi an Efflcsst Irrigatioa Area
Journal of Ecsiioceentai Quality. 1C (3):319-352 (U pages)
1961
An 8.5-ha pasture irrigated uitH secondary sewage efficient Has studied
to deteraine the fate o£ nitrogta applied to the effluent. Soils of the
Corralitos series (Typic Seropsasaent) at nine plots were sampled twice
to evaluate the spacial and temporal variations in the field water
contents of nitrate-nitroqea aod chlorine concentrations in the
unsaturated zone fceloa the root zone. Field contents varied in space.
bat not in tiae. Ns n aitrate-sitrogen coacentrations in the soil
solution ranged fros 15.0 to 32.1 ag.per liter aad varied s.ignificanlly
in space and tioe. Beas chlorine concentratioES varied ia a siailar '
•anner. A»eraqes of nitroger balaaces developed fcr three of the nin«
plots attributed 32, 60, and 9 percent of the nitrogen applied in th°
effluent to crop reaoval, leeching, and gaseous losses, respectively.
(At))
1CCI L001161
«UTHOfi Baqab, R., Feyen, J.. Hillel, D.
1FFIL Laboratory of Soil Physics, Catholic University cf Louvain, Pelgius
TITLE Cosparative Study of Nuoerical an3 Laboratory Sethods for Deteraining
the Hydraulic Conductivity Functico of a Sana
SOURCE Soil Science, 131 (6):375-368 (1U pages)
YEAR 1981
TEXT Experiaentally aeasured hydraulic conductivity-water content
relationships ace compared with those predicted tj three ecdels.
Laboratory stthois used included icstantaneous profile—intercal
drainage, infiltration through crust, hot air drying, pressure plate
outflow and unit gradient drainage. For the numerical approach, the
Iraar, the Jackson and the fluales aodels are usijd. The instantaneous
profile technique fields the highest conductivity values. The
discrepancies between measured and predicted values are saall.
(AU/SHF)
ACCl
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001162
Triangle J Council of Governeents
Triangle J Council of Governaents, P.O. Boi 12276, Research Triangle
Park, Horth Carolina 27709
Begulation and rtanaqeoent of Septic Systeas Reg.cn j. North Carolina
Triangle J Council of Governments. P.O. Eox 122"7£, Research Triangle
Park, Worth Carolina 27709, (1U1 rages)
1979
Regulation and oanaqeaent of on-sita «astewater systess is the key to
preventing systea failure. This report reviews legislative and
rrcjulatory aspects of syste* construction and raintenance in Ncrth
Carolina. Kesponsible agencies, JGEisdiction, statutory procedures,
lc«3 and regulations governing the State Health Service and State
Ei viircnaental Management Coasissica, County arrangesents, enf crceirents,
and persitting are reviewed in detail. Kainteaance and operating powers
atd alternatives are reviewed for the full ranee of local units such as
cities, counties, sanitary districts, and private waste ind sewage
companies. A brief section coipates North Carolina's approach with
those of other states. Gaps in leaal authority within the state are
discussed, along with soae general aanageaent options. Appendices
137
-------
contain relevant statutory and administrative provisions. (SHF)
ACC*
AOTHOfl
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001163
Eowsan. B.O.
Division of Environee ntal Health, 1080 Chain Bridge Boat. Fairfax
»irainia 22030
ieliatili.tr of On-Site Sewage Disposal Systens in Pairfai County,
Journal of ED vironaental Healtn, UU (5) :2«9-252 («
Longevity of ensile sewage disposal systees and the causes of failores
More investigated in Fairfax Couaty, Hrgioia. during the period
1952-1978. Causes of systea nalfuncttons and eechanical failures uere
ideatifiedo It was concluded fns the study that ensile seuage sjstess
are a viable Beaas of disposal of ssall «astenafcer flows when a
coapreheosive regulatory progras is utilized to deteraioe soil
suitability and tc aoaitor construction during installation. (40)
*CCf
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAK
TEXT
1001160
Feasley, H.P., BcKlnney, L.A.
HoBaEd Peasley and Associates, Hichsood, Virginia
Seuaqe Tceataent apparatus, U.S. Patent Mo. 3.98P.322
Howard Peasley and Associates. Richeond, Virginia (6 pages)
describes an acrottc bacteria seaaqe treatment de»ics using coapressefl
air to aerate activated sludge in this publication free the United
States patent Office. (SUF)
ACCS
AUTHOG
AFFIL
TITLE
SODBCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001165
feasley, H.P.
Kouand Peasley asd Associates, Kichsond. Virginia
Seaaqe Treataent Apparatus, U.S. Patent Bo. 5,036,75'J
fieward Peasley aoj associates, Richnond, Virginia (9 pages)
1977
Prosifies a description and drawings of an aerobic bacteria sewage
tteatuent apparatus for treating wasteuater cized uitn activated slodqe
i0 this publication froa the United States Patertt Office. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001166
KA
Triangle J Council of Governnents. Research Triangle Park, Borth
Carolina
Iffidividual Wastewater Prol^ct: Final Report
Triaaqle J Council of Governaents, F.C. Box 12276, Research Triangle
fark, sorth CarcVina 27709 (70 pages)
1980
tiscasses an individual xastewater crcject developed uniei "208* area
plaaning for a part of North Carolina. Rore than half cf the
residents are served by stptic tanks, and between 10 and 30
percent of these provide inadequate treatment and disposal
during sooe periods cf the year. Describes reasons for failing
systeas and alternative treatsent and disposal eetbods,
i&clufiing self-containing toilets, conventional systen
•edifications, water conservation, failing systes ceju»enation,
discharging systess, and septaqe disposal. A variety of
alternative systess were evaluated including low-pressure pipe
distri'-ution, sound systeas, tuo-coepartrcer.t septic t^nks,
above- ground access risers, dtsinfield repair, and dual
drainfielas. Revieus local regulations governing eanaqeaent,
and suggests soae revisions. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001167
Triagle J Council of Gcvernnents
Triangle J Council of Governments, P.O. Box 12276, Research Triangle
Park, north Carolina 27709
Soanary of On-Site Kasteuater Treatuent and Disposal Hethods Fegicn J,
Korth Carolina
T^iargle J Council of Governments, P.C. Box 12276, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27709, (99 pages)
1978
Presents inforuatiou about onsite alternative treataent and disposal
systess being evaluated eiperi«entally at Region J, Mcrth Carolina.
Alternative systeus, nodification to conventional onsite systeiBS.
self-contained in-house toilet systems, cluster systcns, effluent
discharge systees. wasteuater disinfection, and septaqe disposal aie
described and evaluated. Also included is a chapter on rejuvenation
technigues for failing systeus. tach jlternative aethcd is discussed.
138
-------
Includes a list of basic components, installation procedures, estimated
costs, advantages and disadvantages, geographic suitability, and
references. (SHF)
ACCl
1UTHOG
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
L001168
HA
NA
The Ragic Boi: Toor Septic Tank
Florida Septic Tank Association (8 pages)
A pasphlet diced at the individual hoaeownec describes the iasic
features of septic tanks aad seepage fields and nrrr.s about rrcblcss of
overloading and inproper qtease disposal. Pecoaaends bi-ar.oual
inspection and pusping-out as neeaed. Lists uetning signals of syste«
failure. Discusses Florida requirement for grease interceptors at
restaurants also. (S3F)
ACC«
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
L001169
Aaato, P.i., Goehriag, R.D.
University of tjiscoasln-Estension, Scall Scale Haste naaageaent Project
Land Use and Policy replications in s Three County Hisccosla ftrea
University of Hiscoasin-Eitension. Seal! Scale Haste Hanagaaent Project,
(126 pages}
T97a
Discusses effects of ssall scale Haste sanageaent on land ase aad pefclic
policy ia Southeastern Siscoosin in this report. Oisccsses
oltcrtatiTss to ccawentiTnsl septic Sfstess. uith espKasis ca
Bounded soil absorption fields. £ case study of three counties
in the Southeastern ttiscoasin Regional Pleaninq Area reviews
existing and prcposefi lar.d uses, pcpaiation distribation snd
inpact of indiviaaal household seuage on euvirontreotal egsalitT.
Beview.s policy iaplicaticas o£ this change in saall- scale waste
•anagecent in terns of leqislaticn. citizen preferences for
housing location, technological iapact, county and regional
planning, and state control of location of snail-scale systees.
;r, aod gives aa overview cf the ccBpostinq
process and the benefits of the dims rultrus ccspostinq
toilet. Included is a diagras illustrating how the Cli»us
Hultrui works. (S»T)
ACCl
AUTBOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEIT
L001171
U.W. Selby and R.O. flankes
TureCycle Corporation, Poulder, Colorado 80306
Uasteuater Recycling is Now Available
Individual Onslte Bastewater Svstfias - Proceedings of the Sixth Rational
Conference, Ann Arbor, HI, 1979 (9 pages)
I960
Describes the Pure Cycle syste» jhich was designed and developed to
recycle all doaestic witer at the hone site. Pccvides data en
cost, operation and »aintenance. The treatment processes
utilized by the systes are anaerobic diqestio-i, aerctic
digestion, ultrafiltration, carton adsorptior,, deiineraliiation
ana ultraviolet disinfection. ISKF)
1CCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001172
NA
HA
New Coapost Toilet on Trial in Albar,y
EioCycle, Journal of Haste Recycling, 23(2):57 (1 page)
1982
A new style coeposting toilet tl.at uses passive scler energy to enhance
biological decoepcsition and evaporate liguics w^s tested flaring two
sunset eonths at a state Dark. The systea is intended to serve reoote
sites which deaand a low-«aintenance, pollution free facility. Design
and operating principles are outlined.
ACCl : L001173
AUTHOR: Ctis, fi.J.
AFFIL : Depirtient of Civil and Environnental Eng ii-eering, Onir°rsity of
139
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TITLE :
SCUHCE:
TEAR
TEXT
Madison. Madison, Wisconsin
Behabllltation of Round Systea
Gn-Site Sewage Treataent - Froceedlogs cf the Third Rational Syepcslue
on Individual and Seall CoaEuoitr Senate treatsent, 1961, AeericaD
Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Michigan (5 pages)
1982
A case study describes three attespts to rehabilitate a failed sound
systee for a ssall industry* Failure, all three tises, tins due tc
hydraulic overloading aai entry of erotic naste products. Replaceeent
or qra»el ted and/or espaasion of the sound vere two successful eethcds
used tc increase the absorption capacity of the BOHD^. Chemical
oiidatios was cot found to be aa effective technique under the
circuastances encountered. A uatet: conservation projras was very
effective in reducing the totftl »aste £lc«. wider gravel teds (greater
than 1C feet) id sounds constructed of aediun sand till over shallow
pereeable soils appear co be possible but neec further inves rigation-.
ACC1
AUTHOfi
AfPlL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAB
TEXT
100117U
Ckeict, A.C., Converse, J.C., Tyler, E.J., Bobenzer. G.B.
Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Geological and Batoral History
Survey, Dept. of Soil Science, Snail Scale Haste Sanaqeeent Project,
Colleqe of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Radison,
dalison, Wisconsin
Spacing of Cortain Drains on SlcplEq Land for Co-Site Soil Sbscrptica
Systes
Co-Site Saaage Treatsent - Procecdiaqs of the ThitO national Syspcsius
OD Individual and Ssall Cos&onitv S?aaqe Treateent. 1761, £aericac
Society o£ Agricultural Eaginfcsrs, St. Joseph, richiqan (10 pages)
1 762
A nathenatical uodel character lies the steady state water table in a
•oderately slopinq aquifer Bith Q seepage ted placed between
Ronrecharqed areas olthia parallel cuttaio drains. The aodel is epplied
to two cases. Water table height iscreeses as the recharge rate
increases for a qiaen recharge »i3th and slope of laad. Lou recharqe
rates are necessary to be able to fceec the uater table within desired
heights. Slope has very little effect on aaiiisus heiqht of water tatle
for the saee recharge rate, but slope affects the lateral location cf
oaxi«ua water table height. (AJ/5«r)
ACC8
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
50U6CE
TEXT
LC01175
Staudt, J.G., Jr., Ki€hos, B.C.
U.S. EPA, Vlashinqton, DC
EPA's Plaoninq and ManaqeaPtit Approach for Ssall Alteruative Hastewater
Systeas - A Solution for Seall CoKasunities
On-Site Sewage TreatBent - frocesdicqs of t*ie Third National Svepcsiuu
on Indi»idual aad Seall CooBur.ity Seaaqe Treataent. 1961, Aoerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Pichiqan (7 paqes)
1982
Describes EPR's Ssall Alternative Sasteaater Systeos (SAas) Strattqy.
The aalor ob1ectii/e is the deselopicnt of a coupiekensive planninq and
aanaqeaeat approach to promote tn^ use and isprcve the perroraance and
acceptance of SA'"!S. EPA activates inclode prosotion of appropriate
technology, facility planning iaprove»eat, construction grant progras
managenent. financial planning and eansqesent, and facility coaplianc».
Hitain the lisits of its decreasing resources, £F* »ill asiist states ii
designinq and ispleaentinq proqraas to enccuraqe the use of SAHS
technology and innovative sar.aqeseet proqraas. A nusbez of activities
«hich states could undertake are outlined. (StfF)
ACC«
AUTHOB
AFF1L
TITLE
SODKCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001;76
Colt, J., Hitchell, S., Tchobancqlcos, G.r Kni"!-.t, A.
University of California, Cai's, California 9S616
The Use and Potential of Aquatic Species for Wastewater Treatsent: The
EnviroDEental Kequire«.er.ts of Fish, Appendix B
The State Water Resources Control Hoard Publication Do. 65, Sacrasento,
California (2^5 paqes)
1 979
This annotated oiblioqraphy deals with the envircnseatal requirements of
selected fish species potentially useful in uasteuater treataent. The
culture of five native species cf fish (catfish, trout, carp,
tilapia, bldcltftsh) is discussed yith recard to the effects of
specific physical, biological and cheeicel p^resf-tsri, including
tna*- cf metabolic wastes, on physiology, growth, and acrtality.
The effects oi the given paraoetecs are considered
independently. Yield and chenical ccspoosition data are
discussed for each of the species considered. Indexed ty
subiect and author.
140
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ACCI
iUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE:
SCUBCE
T£»B
TEXT
LC01177
Ellis, B.. Chllds. K.E.
Upper Great Lams Regice-al coenission and the Kicbiqao DeposrtBent of
natural Resources
Sutcient floveeent froa Septic Tonics and Lawn pert ilization
Deportaent of aatural Besccrces. Technical Bulletin So. 73-5. Hater
Resources Conaission, bateau of Hater Hanagesent. Hoaohtoa Lake.
tlichiqaa (66 pages)
1973
Nutrient «oveeent in qrcHsdwater and sciJs arcuniJ Pichiqan's Hcoqhtcn
Lake uas studied during 1771-73. Factors evaluated nere grcunduater
•o»e«eBt of phosphorus aad nitrite-nitrogen froa septic tank effluent.
phosphorus adsorption by specified local soil types, and phosphorus
•cveaent through soils toilouinq lawn fertilization. In sii of IS
-,ites, nutrients soved into the groondaa ter. Phosphorus entered the
qroundvater in one-half of fertilized lawns studied. The stsd?
recocsended that septic systeas be used only as tespcrary waste disposal
••dthods in arfeas with iigb potential for aevelcprent and surface water
contaainatioa. Siting criteria should enphasize soil and 'jroucduater
characteristics. Fertilization should be based on scil tests. Area
qroundwater
-------
TEXT : These proceedings frcn the international conference held at Eangkck.
Thailand, February 21-25, 1978, contain over 100 papers and
keynote addresses. Voiaae I covers nuaerous topics: water
quality aaBaqeaent, Hater quality modeling and acnitcrinq,
economics, aunicical end industrial treatisent. sclids/sludqe
handling,, and bioloqical/physical/cheaical treatBent processes.
Voluee II contains additional papers and a list cf patticipants.
Selected articles are separately abstrated in the SHF
BiolioqraphjF. (s«F)
ACC*
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCH
YESH
TEIT
L001182
Mi
Ml
Getting to Knou Tour Septic Tank
Triangle J Council of Gesernaents, P.O. Eoi 1176, Besearch Triangle
Pack, Korth Carolina (3 pages)
Fesphlet presents a synopsis of hou a septic systeu operates, hou to
detereine if your systes is failing, tae consequences of a tailing
systee, where local ad»ice about septic sfsteos can te obtained, and
tips for smple septic tank aaintenance. (SHF)
ACC8
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITL2
SOUBCE
TEX!
1001183
Batasuk, S., Klinsukonth, C.
Environsental and Ecological Research, and Applied Scientific Research
Coirporatior. of Thailand, 196 Phabonyothia Boaa, Eangkfaen, Bangkok
Cesspool Sludge Undergoes Jreatability Study
Hater 6 Seuaqe Works, 72(3):98-57 (3 pages)
1960
Lagoon treatment of sludje collected by Bangkok's cesspool systei prcned
fco be an econossicall^ auo enviEonisentally ispractical aethod of sluoqe
disposal. A labozator? study detersined that chemical coagulation ct
the cesspool sludge should be the initial treataent step. The thickened
sludge is stored for use as a soil awendsent or de«atered on sand teds.
The primary effluent can be treated.further in oxidation ponds, open
sand filters or used foe land irrigation following chlorination. (SHF)
ACC6
AlHKOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEIT
L00118«
HA
Uesterc, Colorado Hural Coaaur.ities Proqrao and Colorado Cooperative
Eitension Service
So tour ConsunitT Has a Sewaqe Prctleis! Have Icu Considered...
Colorado State University. Cooperative Eitention Service, Foit Collins,
Colorado
Fanphlet froa Colorado Cooperative Extension stresses alternatives tc
centralized se«acje treataent plants. Offers a feu alternati»es which
nay be used individually or in coobination. (SHF)
ACC»
AUTBOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECE
KEAB
TEXT
L001185
Heist, P.C., Ziaaeraan,, a.J., Turner, ft.G., Francisco, C.E.,
Robinson, P., Overcash, P.H., Srieed, E.
University of North Carolina, Department of Environsental Sciences and
Enqineerinq, North Carolina State University
Uastenater Spray Transport in Land Application
Hater Hoscurces Research Institute of the University of North Carclint,
Baleiqh, North Carolina (220 paqes)
1980
Besults of a study designed to predict aerosolized »iatle
particle dispersion fro» a wasteuater spray system, considerina the
effects of particle size, aicrocrqanisn viability, and netecrological
paraaeters. TJO spray solutions, 906 containing E. coli. as a viatl°
atnospheric tracer and one containing uranine, a non-cecayinq
flourescent dye, were sioultaneously sprayed in an cpen field and their
downuind concentrations deterained by sapplinq to a aaxiaun distance cf
311 aeters to develop an atmospheric dispersion oodel, espirical results
Mere investigated in teres of both a standard Gaussian plune
distribution, as well as a non-Gaussian linear oultiple regression
analysis. The E. Coli. viability nodel indicated that the natural log
of the bacteria was inversely related to relative huaidity, and tc a
lesser eitent, with airborne tiae. and directly related to sclar
radiation. Significance of a health hazard froe predicted exposure
cannot b^ concluded without further investigations into dose-rpspcnse
infectivity and disease studies of airborne pathogens. (AU/SHF)
ACCt
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
L001186
NA
XA
Sewage Facilities Plan:
Fountain Run Kentucky
142
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SOURCE: Parrott, Ely and Hurt. Consulting Engineers. Inc.. Leiinjton. Kentucky
U0502 (150 pages)
i 978
YEAS
TEXT
Describes ao EPA-funded vastewater facilities design aad construction
plan developed for a 2.200 acre water district serving 500 persons, 19
saall businesses and one factory in rural southern Kentucky. Failing
septic systems, oostly on loa peraeefciiity soils, alone with several
unsanitary pit privies, «ere the area's sain water pollution pcobleas.
Environaental factors includiaq natural coBBtsaities, topography,
geology, soils, clicate and hydrology ate discussed. Four prospective
oanaqeeervt plans are considered: (1) gravity seaer systee sith a
central oxidation laqoon followed by an infiltraticn-rercolation systee;
(2) solids reaoval and on-site storage uith liquid effluent conveyed
partly by pressure sewers to central treatment: (3) effluent seaers
linked to cossunity disposal sites for aost units. «ith the reBainder
using on-site systeas; and (0) on-site disposal for all units. Based OB
cost and feasibility, option 3 was selected. A cospjete cost analysis
is provided. (SUF)
ACC» L001187
AUTHOS Couan, P.A.. Biodlebrooks. E.J.
AFFIL Utah Hater Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, Utah State
University. Loqan. Utch 60322
TITLE Bodelinq the Perforsarce of the Interaittent Sand Filter
50CBCE Utah Water Research Laboratory, College of Enqineerinq. Utah State
University. Logan. Utah S«J22 (126 pages)
TE.IB t979
IEXI Several aodels aera de7eloped to predict the efficiency of the
intermittent sand filter (ISF) in recovinq alqae £-;o« uasteuater
stabilizatioa pond efflusnt. Volatile suspended saXids (?SS) vas the
analytical technique used to identify alcal coccentrations. Desiqn
curses, in which period of filter operation ass described as a function
of aass loadiRq, aere fie»alope'3 for ISP systeas containing 9.17. C.40,
and 0.68 BB eftective sand size aedia. Uasteuatei: stabilization pcnd
effluents having calciua carbonate precipitation probless wece included
as a special case in this analysis.. (AU/SKF)
ACCe
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAH
TE1T
1001188
Hdrkin, J.n.
Departaent of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin
Status Report on the Poros (Hyiroqen Peroxide) Process
Individual Onsite Wasteuatar Systea - Proceedings of the Sixth national
Sanitation Foundation Conference 1979, Ann Arbor, SI {S pages)
1980
The proprietary PCROX process is described in this status report.
Tha process nas developed to rehabilitate septic tank systess
that have failed because of soil cicgging. Hydroqes peroxide disscl««s
organic ard inorganic Eatoridls that clog soil pcres under scil
absorption trenches. The treataent restores the scil to its initial
p-eraeability. Case histories outlining application of the EOBCX process
to repair septic tank systems are included. (SWF)
ACCt L001189
AUTHOE C'Brien, W.
HFFIL Black t Vsatch Consulting Engineers, Dallas, ~\1
TITLE -Use of Agadtic Bacrophytes for Mastewater Treatnent
SOURCE Journal of the En»iron«ental Engineering Division, 107 (EE1):681-698 (18
pages)
YEA3 1981
TEXI : Aguatic nacrophytes can be used to purify uunicipal and industrial
uastewaters when treatment facilities are designed to advantaqeoiislf use
the natural characteristics of these plants. This paper (1) briefly
reviews the biological characteristics of nater hyacinth, ("Eichhornia
crassipes"), snd duckweed ("Lensa", "Spirodela", and aolffia"sp.) when
these plants are grown in uastewater; (2) sumnarizes available
inforaation on the perfornance of ensting pilot and field-scale
facilities: (3) suggests design criteria suitable for wastewater
treatient facilities using water hyacinths; and (<4 identifies areas
which require additional research. (AU)
ACC»
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCi
YEAS
TEXT
LOOT 190
Fancy, J»
John fancy Inc., Valfioboro, Fiaine CU572
Iniivicual Aerobic Flant Operation and Maintenance
IiidiviJual Cnsite Wastewater Systeas - Proceedings of the Siith Rational
Conference, Ann Arbor, RI, 1979 (15 pages)
1980
A fir» uhich services nore than 450 aerotic plants outlines its prcqra»
for servicing long-tera operation of ssall aerobic treatsent plant-i.
143
-------
Initial plant acceptance, paperwork, field wotk and cost of servicing
are described. (StJF)
ACC»
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEII
L001191
and Freshwater Envircosental sciences Group, Erookbaven Baticnal
Laboratory, Upton, Seu fork 11973
tietlands feasteyater Treataent Systees
International SysposiuB. State cf Knouledqe in Land Treetsect of
Wastawater, Hano»er. Hew Haapshire. August 20-25, 1978, (8 pages)
1978
Discusses the effectiveness of two artifical wetland {Beadow/aarsh/pona
and aarsh/pood) sewage reclaaation wcrks located at Brcckhaven National
Laboratory, Opton. Heu lorfc. Description of design and perfcrsance of
the wetlands is given. Coaparison ot the wetlands effluant quality,
energy use and capital costs «as Bade to a conventional advanced waste
treatsert pi sat. sesults showed that for less capital ezpense and a
lower energy coasuBpticn uasteuater reclasation by the wetlands Has
close to AfcT plant perforeance. Design constraints necessary for
properly operating artificial wetlands alonq with other possible wetland
applications are also briefly discussed. (SWF)
ACC»
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITIE
SOUHCE
T2XT
1001192
Vaa rter Bfn, S.. Kroschel. H., Jarits. Tt
The rarallones Institute, Occidental, California
Composting Privy-Tecfaaical Bulletin fie. 1
The Farallones Institute, occidental, California
5he Farallones Institute, Occidental, California, designed and operates
a coepcstiaq privy which decooposes huaesn wastes and ccganic saterial
into a safe soil conditioner. Eusan excretsecit is eized with sau dust,
hat. stray aad grass clippings to insure a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio
and eoisture coatent for corspostinqo The pile is turned periodically to
provide adequate aeration. The finished product is safe £or use around
fruit trees, shrubs and oroaBental plantings. A section provides
solutions to coaaon probleas associated with ccepostiBT privies.
t question and answer dialogue also considers treataent and disposal of
qreywater. (S8F)
ACCI
AUTbOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEXT
L001193
Lccier, C., Vansicle, L., Schooncver, D.
flodern Haste Treatoent Systeas, Inc., Chaspaiqn, IllinoiE 61820
Experiences with the Dse of Aerobic Flaats and Soil Rbsctption Systess
laoividual Onsite Hasteuater Systees - Proceedings of the Seventh
National Conference, 1980 p. 115-127 (13 paqes)
1981
Discusses the use of a proprietary Hulti-Flo accation plant folloved ty
a sahsurface disposal fieli. Test results show there are less suspended
solids and organic Eaterjal in the effluent, siqni ficantl y higher
asounts of dissolved oiyr.en and an increased ancunt of
evapotranspiration. As a result of this increased treatsent ,
previously failing soil absorption systeas were shown to operate
satisfactorily. Sesutts suggest that higher wastewater loading
rates wert possible with the addition oi an aerobic treatment.
In areas where surface discharge is allowed, the nulti-flo
systei has been shown to Beet state effluent standards. (SWF)
ACC«
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAfi
TEXT
1001194
Cakshsnaaurthy, V.. Fredluod, C.G.
Cepartoent of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
A natheeatical node! for Predicting Roisture Flow i,i an Onsatarated Soil
Un-ler Hydraulic and Teaperature Giadients
Hater Besource- Besearch, 17 (3):711-722 (9 pages)
1S61
A theoretical sodel is presented to predict the noisture flow in an
unsaturated soil as the result of hydraulic and te»perature gradients.
A partial differential heat flow equation (far above free2inq
conditions) and the two partial diffetential transient flow equations
(one for the water phase and the other for the air phase) ate derived
and solved using a finite difference technigue. The siiultanaous
solution of the partial differential equations gives the teaperature,
the pore water pressure, and the pcre air pressure distribution with
space and ti«e ir an unsaturated soil. The pressure changes can, in
turn, be used to coapute the quantity of aoisture flow. (AU)
ACCt :
AUTHOE:
L001195
Eouaa, J.
Dekker, L.U.
144
-------
AFFIL
TITLE
SQUF.C;
TEAR
TEXT
Cept. of Applied Soil Physics. Heth€rl
-------
and rehabilitation ace reviewed. The relationship betueen sewage
disposal and land use planning is considered. ft variety of senage
disposal alternatives is discussed, and four alternative eaaageeent
strategies are described. Reccaeendations for future deveicpaent
conclude the report. (SUF)
ACCI L001IOO
AUTHOH Funderfcurc. S.W.. Boore, B.A., Saqik. B.P., Sorter, C.A.
AFFIL Oniversitv of Teias at San Antoaio. Oreiel University, and University of
Texas at instin
TITLE Viral Transport Through Soil Coluans Under Conditions of Saturated Flou
SOUBCE Hater Research, 1b<6> :703-711 (9 pages)
Y E A E 1961
TEXT Focuses on the application of soil coloans to study the sovesent and
behavior of three viruses in several soils possessing a variety of
cheaical and physical characteristics. soils were saspled to a depth of
100 CB and packed into acrylic cylinders according to the vertical
distribution and talk density of the soil as found in the field.
Sequential flooding of the colaans aith wssteuater and distilled Hater
resulted in a cyclical pattern of viral release IB coluen percolates.
The total nuaber of viruses detected in percolates differed asong the
soils tested due to the differences asong soil properties. Poliovirus
recovery correlated eost favorably sith low soil cation eichaaqe
capacity (CEC) and high organic carbon and clay contest. The recovery
of coliphaqe uas related to Ion soil organic carbon asd residence tiee
of liquid uithin a coluan in coabination with either high soil pH or
percent clay. As with poliowiros, detection of reovirus in soil ccloen
percolates uas negatively correlated nith soil CEC. (40/SHF)
»CCS 1001201
ADTHOH Harqett. D.L., Tyler, E.F., Sieqrist, R.L.
AFFIL Dept. of Soil Science. Geological and Batural History Sor»e?. Dept. of
Civil and Environsental Enqiceerinq, University of Hisconsin
TITLE Soil Infiltration Capacity as Affected by Septic Tank Effluent
Application Strategies
SOOBCE Ca-Site Seuage Treataent - Proceedings of the Third Eational SyspcsioB
on Individual and Saail Coamunity Sesage treateent, 1961, American
Society of Agricultaral Engineers, St. Joseph, Hichigan (13 pages)
IEAB 1982
TEXV The effects of iiethod and rate of application of septic tank effluent to
replicated soil absorption systees in an undisturbed silty clay losa
subsoil aere studied. (lethods of application included conventional
(siaulated) and dcsed (uniforaly, once daily). Application rates Mere
2, a and 8 cs/day. The ezperisent «as of lioited duration (21 nonths)
under specific soil conditions. The following conclosions uere stated:
Loss of infiltratiie capacity is related to aeoont and frequeacy cf
application over tiae. Initial loss in periaeability is very rapid
regardless of application rate or isethod. Loaoing rates higher than
those approprifite for soil conditions cause the sost rapid and
continuous declines in infiltration capacity. Conventional application
is likely to proiuce systea ponding. At reasonable application rates
dosing can be useful in saintaininq higher infiltratise capacity than
conventional loadiaq. For high loafiicg rates, dosing has little
long-teina advantage over conventional application. (AU/SHF)
ACCJ LQ01202
AUTHOR Gordon, U.S., Chapasn, D.J.
AFFIL Departaent of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 9C02U
TITLE Aquaculture Approaches to Wastewater Nutrient Becyirling
f.OOHCE Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Departaent of Interior,
Kashinqton, DC (4^ pages)
iEAB 1979
TEXT Laboratory scale studies uere conducted at the University of Califo'nia
at Los Angeles to investigate a biological approach to wastewater
recycling. Secondarily treated nasteyater effluent «as used to naintain
an artificial food chain cooposed of successive aonocaltures cf
unicellular qreen alqae (Scenedesaus sp.), hi.T >~ivcrous cladoceran
crustaceans (Daphnia sp.) and carnivorous and herbivcroos fish
(Cyprinidae faoily). The results inuicate that this aquaculture systes
is a viable method of providing reducinq the nitrogen and
phosphorus concentuitions in the secondary effluent. Algal,
cladoceran and fish cultures could be successfully aaintained
providing certain growth psraneters were satisfied. A
discussion of these growth r-araaeters, as "ell a- tachnical
results pertaining to the bioloqica] productivity, dissolved
nutrient uptake and release and heaty aetal accumulation in the
artificial food chair, are included in this final report. (SkF)
146
-------
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAK
TEXT
1001203
Olsonbaker, J.
DA
Sprinkle Irrigation Ansuers City's waste Problea
Coagost Science/Land Utilization, 21(3):35-37 (3 poges)
I 9 8 0
Sprinkle irrigation of alfalfa fields with secondarily treated effluent
proved to be an ecoooaically saccessful method of effluent disposal for
the city of Cranbrook, British Coluebia, Canada. A self-propelled
center pirot irriqatioa systes applies uastenater at a rate of 2.COO
gallons per sinute to 1.000 acres of alfalfa. A Sigh-protein alfalfa
crop aas produced, containing 22 percent proteir. cospared to 17.1
perceet protein in the noaefflaent irrigated alfalfa. Crop rerenoe,
coupled Hith Ion operation and aaintenance costs. safe sprinkle
irrigation an attractive effluent disposal Bethod ovec other nasteeater
disposal techniques. (SWF)
ACCI
ADTHCfi
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEST
1001204
Biekerk. B.
School of Forest Eesoarces, Univen ,tr of Florida
Bou nach Sewage Sitroqen on Forest foils? A Case History
BioCycle. Journal of Baste Recycling. 23(1):53-56 (5 pages)
1992
Sewage sludcie applicatioas to forest soils supplies necessary plant
qcouth nutrients sr.d resells Ic enhanced tree grcuth. Excess sludcie,
though, will supply nitrogen in asounts detrisental to thj envirocseet.
An applicatioa rate of O.e ca dry sladge/hectare/year sprayed on forest
soils was deterained tbcca
-------
theory of operation are given. Laboratory studies suggest three caoses
of localized increase is fluorescence to which the SID sight respond:
i) briqhteaers froa cleaning prod-jets, 2) organic eaterials, and 3) ty
•cans of the nicelle effect ahen sufficient concentrations of detergent
are present. Thir, .levee chroiaatography can distinguish betaeen
orlqhteDers and orgar.ic aaterials. Another laboratory experieent
concerns the characteristics of septic tani efflaents and correlations
of fluorescence with other cheeical parameters of interest. Soil coluBE
studies coapared the mobility of aajcr nutrients through soils relative
to detergent whiteaers. Field investigations concerned pluse stability,
Ploae emergence poicts, aad streaa pluses. The feasibility of detecting
effluents with flourenetry alone is discussed. (SWF)
ACC»
AUTHOR
TITLE
SOOBCH
TEAE
TEXT
L001208
Christensen, L.A.
Natural Besource Econoaics Division, Econonie Research Ser»ice. D.S.
Departsent of Agricaitore. Washington, DC 20250
Irrigating with Hunicipal Effluent: A Soclo Econosic Study of Coanunity
BatioBal Technical Inforeation Service, 5235 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia (52 pages)
This study eiaaines experiences of eight communities using land to treat
aunicipal effluents, cost systess evolved nithoot long-range placniog.
Bo distinct aethods for land acqoisition and Banageaent related to the
size of the coaaunity uere identifi
-------
i.f Interior, riashinqton, DC 202C1 (1C pages)
TEXT : Vhe significance cf water conservation and uater conservinq devices arc
described. Devices are plastic bottles, toilet inserts, inprovert
ballocks, dual flush cycle aodifications, water savicq toilets, faucet
aerators, spray tapes, flow control devices, pressure redacinq valves
uater conserving appliances, landscape irrigation equipment and water
conservation innovations. The econoaic benefits realized by a nusbsr of
coonunlties which use these devices are qiven. (AU/SHF)
ACCI
AUTKOB
AFFIL
TITLE
50UBCE
YEAS
TEXI
1001212
Swansea. G.R.. Uilliaeson, K.O.
Department of Civil Enqineerinq, Oregon State University, Corv*l)is, OH
Upqradinq Laqoon Effluents uith Rock Filters
Journal of the £B«iron»ental Engineering Division, EE6: 1171-1129 (10
faqes)
980
The perforeance of a full-scale rock filter, designed and constructed as
;art of a stabilization laqooc expansion and upgrading project in the
city of Yeneta, California, was evaluated. The rock filter aas intended
to isprove laooon effluent frv reaosal of suspended alqal grouth.
Performance paraoeters iacludfed suspended solids, disseised onyqen,
800-5, COD, chlorophyll, phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate anii orqanfc
nitrogen. Alqal settling rates were calculated relative to hydraulic
rate, alqal species, effluent teaperatures and other eovironseatal
cocditions. It «as concluded that the rock filter acts to clarify
laqooo effluent through the eechaoiss of alqal settliag sod adherence to
the rock surface. The rock filter set daily aaiiaaa etfloent lisits of
20 «
-------
SOURCE:
TEAR
TEXT
Long-Tern Acceptance Bates of Soils for Uastevater
On-Site Sew.jqe Treatieent-Proceedinqs of the Third National Syeposiuo on
Individual and Siall Coasunity Sewage Treatment, 1981. Anerican Society
of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph. Hichigin (8 pages)
1902
A review of literature concerning sell absorption STSten failures was
conducted to deteraioe whether such failure is inevitable for any syste«
or whether soils possess a long-ters acceptance rate which would rersit
a systee to function indefinitely at its design capacity. The built
cf evidence supported the lonq-tere acceptance rate concept. Peeper
site evaluation., construction,
-------
ACCI L001219
AUTHOR Polprasert, C., Uanqsuphachart, S., Buttaeara, S.
AFFIL Environmental Enqineeriaq Division, Asian Institute cf Techsolrqy,
Eanqkok
TITLE Coapostinq Hiqhtscil aad Hater Hyacinth in the Tropics
SOUflCE Cospost Science/Land Utilization, 21(2):25-27 (3 rages)
TEAR 1980
TEXT A full scale, ten-week study Has conducted in Thailand to determine the
feasibility of utiliziac aightsoil and uater hyacinths as ran esterisla
in cospostinq. A sethod called "qroiinl-surfa«~e aerobic coapostinq" Has
shown to be sisple to coastract and Maintain, effective in destroying
pathoqenic ocganisas. and capable of retaining iuportant nutrients in
the coBpost pile. This eethod is highly feasible for Bost developing
countries, providinq a badly needed low-cost fertilizar fcr agricultural
purposes. (StiF)
ACCI L001220
AUTHOR Bradley, R.fl.
AFFIL Prolect Hanaqer, Enqinesrioq-Scieece, Consulting Engineers, Arcadia,
California
TITLE Disposal of Septic-Tank Contents in Cyprns
SCUBCE Kater Pollution Control, 10 (1):131-138 (0 paqes)
TEAS 1981
TEXT Land disposal of septage in Cyprus was shown to be an acceptable irteri*
solution peaking construction of treataent facilities. Septic
tank contents are stored ic holding tanks on atscrptico pits
prior to disposal in a eucalyptus forest. Septage application
in the eucalyptus forest increases the heavy eetal content of
the soil. Lise treatBent was effective in controllinq odors and
reducing 'he fecal colifcra level of the septaqe. (SHF)
ACCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLC
SOURCE
JEAfl
TEXT
L001221
Hill, C.E.. Fiinlc, C.8.
The Connecticut AqcicuitDtal Ezpcrisont Station, Nan Ha«en, CT
Septic Systea Longevity Increased by Isoroved Design
Journal Hatet Pollution Control Federation, 52 (8) :2l99-2203 (5 paqes)
1960
The response of septic systeas to changes in state and local regulations
desiqned to iaprpve their life spaa is inyestiqated. Analyses cf 3,156
systeas shou a r.ine year increase in longevity in the population c£ all
systess froa 1973 to 1978 and a decrease in the average rate of
preeature failures fcra 6.0 to 2.Q percent in each year class cf
installation. laproveeent «as due tc desiqn changes in 1961 and the
required spring percolation tests in 1c-.2. (AU/SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LOOJ222
Guttenplan, S.D.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Restor,, VA
Cluster Septic Tank-Soil Absorption Systens: A Cost-Effective Solaticn
for a Rural Me« Enqlanu Coasunity
511th Annual Conference of the HPCF. Detroit, Hichiqan, October 1-9,
1981 (20 paqes)
1981
Outlines a systematic approach used to evaluate problea areas and
land-based treatment options for Bridqtcn, Raine. The use cf scil
scientists faailiar with area soils anJ cnsite systes requlations
sisplifies the alternative evaluation procedure. The use of leaching
chanbers was recosnendtd for savtral reasons: they require half the
leachate application area of a conventional trench systea, ar.d they
provide easy ted access, even leachate loadinq distribution and
increased rates of aerobic decoapcsition of solids. Two septic tanks in
series, a floy distribution structure and diversion boxes provide
optinum use of the chambers and provide for periodic resting of each of
the clusters. A 50 percent oversized application field should te
standard practice, especially for cluster systems where continuous
•aintenance and process control aandate cluster rest periods. The total
present worth and annual operation and eaintenance cost of the proposed
cluster systea was one-half that of a bioloqical-chenical treateent
process with a land application systen. (AU/SWF)
ACCt L001223
AUTHOB Sirden, H.H.. Cech, I.
AFFIL: The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health
at Houston, P.O. Box 20186, Houston, IX 77025
TITLE Laqqed Correlation in Sttsdy of Spatial Pattern of Well Contaiinaticn
SOURCE ifater Research, 15:291-299 (9 paqes)
YEAH 1981
TEXT Su««arizes and analyzes the results cf an investigation conducted since
151
-------
1577 In a section of South Windsor, Connecticut. A sanitary study of
drinking water wells in this area regaled that cat of 66 indifdoal
veils, 19 had counts of fecal and total colit'orss la encess cf uhat is
recoseendea for potable uater luality by guidelines set ty the Potlic
Health Code of the State of Conoecticat. The data of this survey were
subjected to lagged crcss-correiation and spectral analysis in order to
quantify spatial interactions between individual sells and. thus, to
identify the nattern aod the origin cf contaaination. Sesolts indicated
that there was a chanseled flow of bacterial pollation throagh the slody
area iiith very little lateral diff'isioa. The study deocisstrated that in
soee situations biological contaainants can tra?el large distances
underground ulthout substantial attenuation by the aquifer naterial.
(AO)
ACCB
ADTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
L00122K
BacsuB. H.7., Schaub, 5.A., Keuyon, K.F.. Snail. B.J.
U.S. Aray Medical Bioengineering Research and Develcpsent laboratcry.
Fort Detrick, Frederick. Maryland
Comparison of coliphage and Bacterial Aerosols at a Uasteuater Spray
Irrigation Site
Applied and Environmental Bicrobiology, «3: (1):26-38 (11 pages)
1982
Microbiological aerosols Here aeasured on a spray irrigatioe site at
Fort Uuachuca. Arizona. The test site, a qolt course driving raoge, uas
irrigated tilth secondary doeestic uasteuater effloent. (Jsste»ater
leasing the holding pooa UBS seeded Hitfe coliphage f2 and used to aodel
aerosol migrations. Air stapling uas conducted at dcvauind distances up
to 563 a. Indigenous bacteria aad tiecer coliphsge uere sampled froio
spiuvs of chlcrineited and uachlorinated effluent during day and night
periods. Up to 62 perceot cf the p.irticles uere in a size range
allotting ready deposition in tbe hocan luago Kasteuater bacteria Here
reduced by chlorination noceally practiced at the site. Coliphage 12
uere far acre resistaDt to chloriaation and were ceadily detectable in
aerosols frota chlorinated uasteuater. Doanaind Bicrcbial levels uere
soseuhat enhanced by niqhttiae conditions. (KU/5'dF)
ACCC
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAH
TEXT
LOCI 225
Ktealid. R.A., Patrick. H.H.
laboratory for aetlanc Soils and Sediaents, Center for >?l.l
Resources, Louisiana State University, Eaton Houqe, Louisiana
Kicetics of nitrogen Loss in SiauJatea Hastewater TreatBin
a Soil-Plant
Soil Science 1 32 (5) : 325-329 (5 pages)
1981
Researchers investigated the effect of nitrogen forss 0:1 the kinetics of
K loss in a soiall-scale soil-plant systea sisulatinc; oirarland £lo«
conditions with controlled aerobic-anaerobic cycles. Substantial
gaseous losses of applied labled aBBonius sulfate indicate the
presence of favorable oxidation-red»icticn conditions fcr the
sieultaneous occurrence of nitrificatioD-denitri£ication
reactions. Gaseous loss through affsonia volatillzatioc uas
unlikely in this study, iue to slightly acidic to neutral scil
conditions. The labeled potassiuo nitrate accussulation in both
the aisaoniua and nitrate treatsei.ts «as neqliqitle, indicating
thflt potassiun nitrate was not stable under the ezperiitental
conditions. This suggests that the denitrificati9>. process Has
not a Uniting factor in the gaseous loss of applied N. The
conversion of potassiua nitrate tc auaoniua sulfate as a
consequence of respiratory reduction was not evident in the
study. (AU/SHF)
ACCJ L001226
AOTHOE Coble, L.W.
AFFIL Ccsnunity Hygiene Section. Dorchester Ccunty Health Cepartaent,
Canbricqe, .ID
TITLE Influence on Croundtfater fro» the Perned Infiltration Fend
SOURCE Journal of Environuental Health, «U(1):27-31 (5 pages)
IEAB 1961
TEXT A beraed infiltration pond is a feasible alternative to subsurface
drainfields of conventional soil absorption systens in areas
experiencing high groucduater conditions. Pretreated household wastes,
either by a septic tan* - sand filtration STEteo cr an aerobic treatment
unit, are puaped to the pund for final treatner.t. Hater evaporation and
infiltration are regulated by environaental and seasonal factors. A
fiell study in Maryland noted the absence of pathogenic bacteria and
nitrate nitrogen in the groundwater outside of the pond ercavation.
Hoveaent of chlorides anc phosphorus in the grcundyater was observed at
distances approiisately 150 feet froa the pond. The author notes that
the site and location of the beroed infiltration ccnd is critical in
preventing contaaination of water supply systets.' (SWK)
152
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ACC8
AUTHOR
1FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEXT
L001227
Holverto. B.C., ncDoDald. B.C.
national Aeronautics and Space AdeiniEtraticn, Rational Space Technology
laboratories. 9STL Station, Bississippi 39529
Hater Hyacinth (Eichhornie Ctassipes) Productivity and Harvesting
Studies
Econosic Eotanr. 33(1):l-10 (10 pages)
Hater hyacinth qccvth rates uere scattered frcs Ray through October in
two seuaqe laccons vith different nutrient loading rates. The lagoon
receiving the '.leafiest load sustained the highest average growth rates
throughout the suasser. The lightly loaded laqoon averaged a 29 percent
increase in weight per «eek over the six aonth period with the highest
groath rate occoring during Juae with an average nearly aeiqfat gala of
71 percent. The heavil? loaded laqooa sustained an average gsroath zete
of U& percent per neck for tht saae sis eoath period with the highest
aeastared growth rate of 7j perceat iacrease in weight per week also
occurinq in June. In addition, the perfoteance of thcee harvesters vas
evaluated. One harvester, consisting uf a chopper and conveyer, was
capable of picking up aad chopping approziaately 2.3 t cf plants per
hour and delivering thea to a uniting truck. The second harvester BBS a
single 1.52 re (5 fr,») wide conveyor, and the third one was a sodifisd
claashell bucket attached to a dcaqline. The average harvestisq cate of
each of these harvesters uas approxisetely 9.3 t of water hyacinths per
hour. (AU)
ACC8 L00122a
AOTHOS Lanicy, Z.r., Vaaqhn, J.H., Pennello, B.F.
AFFIL Deparcment of Energy and Ebricaeeent, Brookhavec National Lafccratcry,
Upton, Seu York H1973
TITLE Eoliovicas Retention in 75-co Soil Cotes After Seuage and Baiauater
Application
SOURCE Applied and Environaeotal Ricrobiolcgy, 19 (6) :1032-1 038 (7 pages)
TESR 1980
TEXT Polioviros retentioB in 75-ceatiaeter in-situ soil cores Mas jetereined
follouicq seuaqe efilueat and rainwater applictioc* The soil ccrss nece
inoculated uith seeded seaaqe effluent at a 1-cs/hour infiltEatoa cate
and analyzed for plaque-forsiag uaits at 5-cs intervals. The reselts
indicate that 77 perceat of the virases aere abscrted in the top 5-cs of
soil and a total of 96 percent of the «ir«sses sere found in 25— cs. less
than cne percent of the viruses «ere found in core filtrates. Localized
Bosreeent of viruses Has observed after application of a single sewage
effluent or rainwater rinse, »itn greatest ooyeoent in the rsisaater
rinsed soil cores. Reabsorptioa or the eobilized viruses aas aoted at
Icuer core depths. (SUP)
ACCI L001229
AUTHOB Ar.derson. S.L., Pepper, I.L., Kneebone, H.R.
AFFIL Ciipartsent of Scils* Hater Zoqineericg, and Departaent cf Plant
Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson
TITLE Heclaaation of tfastetiater Hith a Soil-Turf Filter — 1: Reuoval
of Nitrogen
SOURCE Journal HFCF, 53 (9) :1 U02-1 '<07 (6 pages)
YEAR 1961
TEIT A study Has conducted at the University of Arizona Turfgrass Research
Center to determine the oeiinoa application rate of secondary treated
uasteuater to a soil-turf filter without haroing the tur£ ana jieldinq
leachate averaging less than 1C ag/1 nitrate-nitrogen. Five application
rates of secondary treated effluent «ere applied to plots of tuo
soil-types seeded aith turfgrass. The results indicate that the soil
containing a higher percentage of silt and organic natter was capable of
removing eore wastewater nitrogen ty soil processes and turf grouth. A
large aitount of grour.dwater recharge at higher application rates «as
obtained on the silt organic Batter soil than on the second test scil
(containing less silt and no organic Batter) while still neeting federal
nitrogen standards. (SHF)
ACCS L001230
AUTHOR Iskandar, I.K., Syers, J.K.
AFFIL U.S. Aray Cold .Tegions Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, NH
TITLE Effectiveness of Land Application for Phosphorus Reeoval fron Rocicipal
Masteuater at Hanteca, California
SC08CE Journal of Enviornoental Quality, 9(«):616-621 (6 pages)
TEAfi 1980
TEXT The concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) in scil
solution collected at 0.8 a=d 1.6 • in soils ahich had received
• unicipal waste water for
-------
indicated that the ability of soils troa the control site to
reoo»e added P frca solution was low. Vasteuater addition
caused a substantial decrease in th-j P sorption capacity of
surface soils. Only a saall proportion of the total P
accuaulated frca uastewater addition «as in the organic fora.
Although lack of crop removal of P and a high infiltration rate
•ay be partly responsible for the poor perforsaace of the
Saoteca syctea in terns of P resoval iros uasteuater. the very
Ion p sorption capacity of the soil is regarded as t&c salor
factor. (4U)
ICC I
4UTHOB
1FPIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TE»B
TEXT
1001231
Could, «!.. Epstein. E., Alpert. J.E.
E 6 i EDvlronuental Consultants, Inc., Sharon, tlassachasetts
t Practical Look at Sludge Cosposting
Public Berks. 1U(10):76-79 (4 pagesj
1961
* sludge coepostiaq systea suitable for ssall cr large eunicipalities is
described, 'he aerated static pile process involves a slodqe-fcalkiBq
agent aixture placed on perforated air pipes. Air is drawn through the
pipes by blowers and exhausted through a filter pile of finished cospost
toe deodorizetion. Stabilized cospost is produced in 60 days. Balking
•aterial usfd in the process includes wood chips, bark, leaves, strati
and shredded tires. S step-by-step plan to develop a euaicipal
cooposting prograo is included. JSHF)
iCCI L001232
iOTHOB Enferadi. K.H.
AFFIL Califcrcla Department of Health Services, Sanitary Engineering Section,
Berkeley, CA 9470^
TITLE A Field Evaluation of the Waterless Toilet as en Alternative to the
Failiaq Soil Absorption Systeo
SOOBCE ladipidoal Onsitis HaterMater Systeas - Proceedings of the Eighth
Batioaal Sanitation Foundation Conference, Ann Arbor, HI {20 oaqes)
IEAB 1931 '
TEXT The California State Departaent of Health Services has in»e£tity health officials in lieu of, or as a replacssent
for, a failing traditional altera»ti»e. The department des>elops<3 a
field pro-jef- designed to focuG on psrforeance characteristics,
operational am\ Jiaintenacce problees, and health rists for sesen coaaon
types of blacfc t^iste cosposting systess and three types c? qreyaater
treat»eat. The results of laboratcrj and site otsereations frca 31
toilets and 9 qreywater units installed in private hoses in California
for an 11-oonth period arc discussed. {SfcF)
ACCI L001233
AUTHOR De Jong. R.. Shajkewich, C.F
AFFIL Lani Resource Research Insfltute Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario;
and Departaeot of Soil Science, 'Jsiv-trsity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 3an.
TITLE A Soil Uater cludqet Model aith a Mearly Isperseatle Layer
SOURCE Can. J. Soil Science 61:361-371 (11 pages)
TEAR 1981
TEXT A soil water budqet r.odel uhich iccconted for a nearly incerEeatle layer
in the pcofile was deve!op<"l to describe the water content in a
non-hcaogeaeous soil-'oot c/stea. Hater uptake ty the roccs was
represented by a sir.!: tern which was dependent upon the root
distribution, the soil water content and the potential transpiration.
The chosen boundary conditions, precipitation, evapotranspiration a-<3 a
nearly iuperneafcle layer al tv.c bcttc« of the ?cii profile apptcii»ated
those eristing in the field. A sutacjsl to calculate interception was
included in the aodel. Cuts obtained fros a field eiperiaent on a clay
soil were coapared with calculated results for the period 1 f.sj to 30
Sept. 1975. The overall agreeaent between daily ne^sured and calculated
soil water contents was excellent; ail calculated values fell uitfcis 1C
percent of the measured data. The aodel also yielded acceptable results
la predicting the distribution of soil water through the profile. (AU)
ACCI : L00123M
AUTHOR: Seablcoa, R.M., Carlson, D.A.. Engeset, J.
AFFIL : Depart»ent of Civil Engineering, University of Washingtcn, Seattle,
Vashicgton
TITLE : Individual Sewage Disposal Systeos
SOURCE: Departaent of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington
154
-------
T.EAB : 1981
TEXT : Residences in western Washington which were rrperiencinq o.i-site
wastewater disposal systes failure «ere selected for installation of
innovative disposal cystess. These systess ««re installed to correct
•alf unctioninq soil absorption units of conventional sepiic tank - scil
absorption systees. Tfce alternative sethods studied included sound
systess, anaerobic filter systeas. inverted drainfield units, dcaxnfield
rejuvenation with hydrogen peroxide, aerobic and anaerobic treateent
units and evapotranspiratioa systeas. The results ot the oi-sitc Ftudy
of the innovative systees is presented along with recceeendations for
further research in alternative wastewater disposal methods. (SHF)
»CC» L00123S
AUTHOB Farker, C.E.
AFFIL Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesrille, VA
TITLE Treateent of Hater Closet flush Mater fir Hecycle and Reuse
SOURCE Fifty-fcurta Annual Conference of *.he BFCF, Detroit, tfichigan, October
u-9. 1961 (33 pages)
TEAR 1961
TEH A full-scale biolcqical/physical treataent systes was evaluated to
detercine its efficiency in the closed-loop treat«et»t of uater closet
uasteuater for recycle and reuse. Hastenater Has treated by extended
aeration followed by qranular sedia filtration and chlor icetion.
Filtered uater si -red in a post filter basin uas used as the supply to a
hydropneuaatic taafc that operated the water closets. Results indicate
that an acceptable flush uater could fce naintained zt 95 percent
recycle. Tbe treated uastewater uas oicr-£ree and possessed acceptable
uasteuater characteristics. (5HF)
ACCI 1001236
AUTHOE Shcupp, H.J., DiiKjess, J.H.. Roe, F.G.
AFFIL Hater Research Institute. Center for E. 'ension and Contir.nirq Education.
Best Virginia Gniversiy
TITLE Dicrobiai Purification of fle^ycled aasteuat'jr in a Closed Systen
30USCE Uater Research Institute, Vest Virginia University, Infcreation Report
15 (57 pages)
IEAR 190?
TEXT A recycli i sanitary-Haste disposal systeia was developed and tested in
the laboratory by using a synthetic fecal-urinouf waste aaterial. The
tystea consisted of an aerobic digestion tank, a Baffled settling tank,
a cellulose-f iter filter, an ultravioiet-liqh t
-------
concentrations. (SUF)
*CC» 1001238
1UTHOB Hurst, C.H.. Gerba. C.P.. Lance, J.C.. Bice, B.C.
4FFIL Department of Virology and Epidesiclcay , 9aylor College of Medicine.
Houston. TX 77030
TITLE Survival of Entercviruses in Rapid-Infiltration Basins During the land
Application of Hasten ter
SOURCE Applied and Eovironsen tal Microbiology. «0 (2) : 1 92-200 (9 pages)
Y E A E I960
TEXT Field studies uere conducted in Arizona to seasure the downward movement
through soil of seeded enterovirus during rapid infiltration of senaqe
effluent.. The inactisation rate of the enterovirus during periods of
flooding and dryioq in the rapid infiltration basins uas determined.
Plastic tubes contaiainq the seeded eoterovirus and soil uere ouried at
tour depths in the basin, and five saeples over a 2«-day period were
taken for analyses. The dounuard siqration through soil cf seeded
poliouirus type 1 sas qreater than thcit of echovirus type 1.
Enterovirus Innctivation rate was dependent upon scjl ecisture loss in
the basin. The inactive tion rate was increased when the tasin soil «as
permitted to dry between effluent application periods. This procedure
has application in preventing high virus levels in the soil and averting
possible qrounduater contamination.
*CC» L001239
AOTHOS Hocsreqor, S.T., Hiller,, F.C., Fsarianos. K.n., Finstein, M.S.
AFFIL Dept. of Environoentsl Sciences. Cook College, Rutgers University
TITLE CCHposti&q Process Control Based on Interaction Between Bicrobial Keat
and Output and Tesperature
SOURCE Applied and En»ircae6Btal nicrobiolcqy, «!(<») :1 321-1 330 (10 pages)
YEAR 1981
TEXT Sational coepostiiKi process control involves the interrelated factors of
heat output, teaperature, ventilation, and nater reeoval. These
relationships uore icpldoented in a field-scale process of static-pile
configuration, using a «i«tuce of senage sludge and nood chics. Heat
reeoual «as aatched to heat output through a teaperature feedback
control systea, thereby aaiiataiaina biologically farorable tenceratures.
The observations indicate that, fandaaentally, there are t«o kinds of
coapostinq systess: ti.ose that are ant those that are not teaperature
self-linitinq. The self-li aitinq systeo reaches inhibitivs teaoeratures
which debilitate the oicrobial coseunity, suppressinq decosposi ticn,
heat output and uatcr reaoval. la contrast, ncn-selt l.iEitinq
teoperitures support a robust ccssuoity, proisctinq decoaposit ion. heat
output and aater reacval. (AU)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOOT 2«0
d, J.
Perced County Ueparteent of Health Civision cf Environs
f.ercedt California
Forraation and Operation of Maintenance Districts fcr Se
Cn-site Sevaqe Treatment - Prcceeflinqs ci tSe Third K.V>_
on Individual and Sz?.Il Corsaunity Setiqe Treatment 1S61
Societv of Aqricaltural Engineers, St. Joseph, Kichiqan
1982
Describes a count y-oj-era ted on-aite wastewater »anaqe»e
C.erced County, California, including its forsaticn, ore
inspections, nonitori-.q, systes recait, tilling croced"
special problons. Anc.ujl roe per let ranges frcu 120 \
inq deep-trench systens which use sioeaall infiltration
aanaqed on-site svsttes. All systens aro desiqr.ed for
and t.ench operation inspection. (A'J/Srff)
ent F € ? 11 h ,
w^e Disposal
ional Syupcsi un
, Aaerican
(6 pages)
t d istrict in
at ion, design,
=s, fees and
S25. Alternat-
re used for all
t ,sy septic tank
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUSCE
YEAfi
TEXT
1C012«t
Ftlprasert. C., Rajput, V.S., Donaldson, D., Viraraqhavan, T.
Environnental Sanitation information Center, Eanqkok, Thailand
Septic Tank and Septic Systeas
tnvircnaental Sanitation Infornaticc Center, Asian Institute of
Technology, P.O. Box 275H, Bangkok, Thailand (115 pages)
1982
Reviews the septic tank and septic system. Topics incluJe a description
of nastenater characteristics; stptic tank perforaance, design and con-
struction; disposal of septic tank effluent; disposal and nanaqesent c£
septage; the efficiency or sell saterials in re»cvin:i pollutants; the
environaental effects cf septic tank systess, including chemical, nutri-
tive and biological coataaination; and recoaaendations for research on
septic systems. Provides a alcssary cf technical ter»s and references.
(SWF)
156
-------
ACCf
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SCUBCE
TEAB
TEXT
1001242
Enqlehardt, J.D.. Hard, E.G.
Agricultural aad Cheaical Engineering Dept., Colorado State University.
Fort Collins. Colorado
Technical Hanaqesent Needs for Seall Flows Technology
On-site Sewage \reataent - Proceedings of the Third National Syapcsiua
on Individual sad Seall Coaaunity Setacje Treatsent 1981, Aaerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Michigan (9 pages)
1962
Describes a procedure which identifies ?nd organizes the operation and
•aintenance requireaents for oa-site wastewater tteataent technology
fro* a coaaunity sanaqeeent perspective. Ihe requireseBts considered
are the procedures, the resources an-3 the costs involved. The study is
divided into three phases. Phase one is the definition of theoretical
requiteaents for technical eanageaeet. Phase t«o is the detereinaticn
of current operation and aaiatecaace practices and results. Phase three
is the developsent of realistic operation and oaintenance recoseeBda-
tions and costs embodied it a computer progras. (A'J/SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAE
TEIT
LC01243
Jarrett, A.R.. Frittcn, D.D., Sharpe. u.E.
Departaent of Aqricultural Enqineering, Departuent of Agronomy, School
of Forest Resources. The Pennsylvania State University, 0»i»ersity Park,
Pennsylvania
Alternative Da-Lot Trench Systea with Dosing and Hater CoaserBBticn
Cn-site Seuaqe Treataent - Procee^iDqs of the Third Bational SyBpcsiu»
on Individual and Saall Conaunity Seuaqe Treatsent 1981, Sserican
Society of Aqricultaral Engineers, St. Joseph, Richiqan (10 pages)
1962
Ihe study concluded that ssall, carefully designed dosed alternate
trenches cats be used sith uater conservation to provide disposal cf sep-
tic tank effluent for periods during nhich an existing hot salfuocticn-
inq absorption field is rested. the infiltration rate of a aalfunction-
i-q absorptioa systea can be rejuventated by cooplete restinq for 10
•onths if the systen bas failed due to a biological clog layer. Hon-
e?er, the per«aneace of such rejuveBaticn has not teen established.
(AU/SWF)
ACC« :
AliTMOB:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
5CURCE:
YEAH :
TEIT:
Eyland. L.K.
Greenhorne & O'Hara, Inc., Riverd»le, .1C
Put Pressure ca Seuage
Journal of Environaental Econoaics and Planaqeuent, 9(2):a7-ca (2 pages)
1982
Discusses septic tan*: effluent pusp (STEP) and grinder pupp (Cp) systess
as cost-ef f ectire alternatives to oravity severs. Factors that aust er-
ist tcr proper cperation of tha STEP syEtei include 1) ac intact septic
tank, 2) properly working baffles cc inliat devices, and 3) regular sain-
tenance and inspection cf the septic tank. The GP systee offers the ad-
vantages cf 1) eliminating reliance or. septic tanks, 2} less envircn-
*ental disruption of the property, and 3) less Oder protlezs associated
witn the aerobic s-."teB. Includes a case study c£ a C.arylani sanitary
district which utilized GP systees as a cost-effective rethcd cf crovid-
inq sanitary strvice to rural areas. (iU/SWF)
ACCt :
AUTHOR:
AFFIL :
TITLE
SCUBCE:
TEIT:
L0012U5
Rich, L.G.
Environraental Srsteas Engineer inn , Cle»scn, University, Cle»son, ;c
Lou-Cost Treat»er.t cf Kastewater
Public Works, 113(6) :52-5«
qraphs necessary
Dual-poner level, sul ticellul a r aerated laqoon systeas and tenthal sta-
bilization ponds aay ke used as low-cost treatment alternatives fcr
nastewatcr. Discusses aeration egtipnent and aeraticn regoirenen ts fcr
laqoon systess ici stabilization pcnos, and includes
for design cf tht laqccns and ponds. (AU/EWF)
ACCf
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SCUECE
IEAE
TEXT
L0012D6
Flowers, J.t=
0.3. EPA, Washington, DC
Ranageaent of Casite '.'astewater Treats'jnt Systems
Cn-site Sewage 7reatcent - Proceedicqs cf the Third national Syrpcsior
on Individual acd Siall Coaaunity Senate Treatsent 1981, American
'ociety of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Michigan (1C pages)
1982
Presents a rethcd for conceptual development of an on-site »ar.ageaent
prograa within tne ftasework of a iil facilities plan. The first step
is to evaluate a^y existing on-site sanaqement agencies and prograss. *
checklist is prcrided for analyzing each agency's functional respcnsi-
157
-------
bilities. The paper discusses ho* to deteraine tanageg^nt prograe needs
and eads with a discussion of aanaaeeeot considerations in onsite sjs-
te»s alternatives developaeBt, thus helping to answer the questions «hc,
how, and how nuch. (AU/SSF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
I009
Converse, J.C., otis, R.J.
Civil and Environsental Eagiaeerino Cept., Stall Scale Baste Hanageaent
Project, College of igricuitQEe aud Life Sciences. University of
Wisconsin. Badison, Wisconsin
Field Evaluation ct Pressure Distribution Networks
On-site Sewage Treatment - Proceedings of the Third national Syepcsiui
on Individual and Seall Cosaunity Sewage Treatraent 1981. RaericaH
Society of Agricultural Laqineers, St. Joseph, Kichigaa (7 pages)
Ten field-installed pressure distribution aetwcrk systess were evaluated
to determine if the design procedures and assusptions aere adequate.
The field data show such sariability, but the design acdel appears to be
a reasonable design tool if the lateral length is kept to less than 80
perceat of the aasiauB Jesiga length persisted by the eodel. Seven of
the ten systems yielded distal pressures greater than the ainisaB recoa-
sended pressure. Hodel seasitivity needs to be exaained for changes in
the Hazen Uilliaas Crictioa factor, orifice coefficients and sincr pres-
sure losses. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
T.EHH
TEXT
L0012«J8
Carlile, B.L., Osborre, D.J.
Soil Science Dept.. North Carolina State University
Soise Experience uitfc Gravel-Less Systeas in Texas Coastal Areas
On-site Senage Treatoent - Froceedinqs of the Third Rational Syspcsiuti
on Individual and Seall CoEBuaity Seuaae Treatment 1981, Asiecicen
Societi of Aqricultaral Enqiaters. St. Joseph, Michigan (10 pages)
1962
Three ciffsrent types of oravel-less systeos are installed, Inspected
and evsluatedo The following conclusions are draon froB this project.
The percolation test alone i& not adequate for a site evaluation. Sub-
surface distribution laterals should always be installed as shallow as
possible and parallel to the ccntour of the slope. Individual distribu-
tion lines should be no longer vSan 21a (70 ft) long. Further iarrove-
nents io design and installation of the alternative systeas will re nec-
essary, the use of a gravel envelope around distribution laterals Bay
be necessary. (AD/SWF)
ACCO
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
L0012«9
Kascl, K., Beer, C.E., Patterson, S.
Agricultural Engineering Departaent, loaa State University and Giithrie
County, Iowa
A Case Study of the Lake Paaoraaa Manajer.ent District
On-site Sewage Treateent - Proceedings of the Thitd Sationa1. Syepcsiun
on Individual and Snail Coeaunity Seuage Treatsent 1981, Americar.
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, (lichigan (4 pages)
1982
The 201 facilities planning process is a systesatic »etlicd for identify-
ing, evaluation and selecting alternative Masterater systens to ueet the
water quality reanaqeaent needs for a C9»aunity in a cost-effective Ban-
ner. The facilities planning process is described within the follouing
fraaework: 1) assessiaq the existing situi.cion, 2) problem asnesstent,
3) tecnnolocy evaluation, 1) alternative develcpcent an.1 evaluaticn, S)
alternative selection, and 6) iopleisentinq arrangeeeots. An onsite »an-
aqeaent functional responsibilities checklist is provided. (AU/SWF)
ACCI L001250
AUTHOR Stewart. L.W., HeDe?u, R.B.
AFFIL Dept. of Agronoay. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksborg, Virginia
TITLE novesent of Feca] Colifcru Bacteria fro» Septic Tank Effluent Thrcugh
Coastal Plain Soils with High Seai.inal Fluctuating Water Tables
SOURCE Cn-site Sewage Tresteent - Proceedings of the Third National Syrposiua
on Individual and Sissll Co!f»unity Sewjge Treat«ent "'S?!, Anerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, flichigan (9 pages)
TEAR 1982
TEXT Sumarizes bacterial BO»e«ent through
soil with hign seasonal fluctuating water tables. Th= "in-situ" rcve-
•ent of fecal colifcres are lonitored in these studies by the placeient
of piezoaeters at selected listances from the drainfields. Soils were
divided into four categories: 1) soils with perched water tables, 2)
soils with water tables influenced by tile drainage, 3) soils with wide-
ly fluctuating water tables and, t) soils with high fluctuating water
tables and alternative systeas. (SWF)
158
-------
ACC« LC01251
AUTHOR Hill. K.K., Graves, B.E.
AFFIL Franklin County Extension Service, Greenfield, Hassachusetts and
Consultitiq Agricultural Engineer, Ncrthfitld, Hassachr.se tts
TITLE Application of Septaqe to Agricultural Land
SCUBCE Co-site Sewage Treatsent - Proceedings of the Third National Syspcsiua
on Individual ^nd Snail Cosaun?ty Sewaqe Trcatoent 1981, Aeerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Jcs«ph, Klchiqan (« pages)
YEAfi 1982
TEXT: The first two tears of a study ccncerniaq septagc application to faro-
land consisted of site selection, land application and the subsequent
analysis, of soil and plant eaterials. The use of septage en agricultur-
al land is a viable aethod cf septaqe disposal. Odor and qrcanduater
pollution. hoHeser, are probleas with land application. Test results
rroa soil and corn have not bees cospleted yet. (SHF)
ACC«
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAH
TEXT
1001252
Koleqa. J.J., Morton. B.L., Keniq. H.. Cnttis. P., Cunninchon. E.A.
Aqricultural Enqiaeerinq Departgeot, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
Connecticut, State of Connect!-ut, Depacteent of Envitonaental Protec-
tion. Water Coapliance Unit. Hartford, Connecticut, and Environaental
Enqineer, Connecticut 209 Proqras
Grounduater Quality Studies at Connecticut Land Septaqe Disposal Facili-
ties
On-site Sewage Treataent - Proceedings of the Third National Syaposiu«
on Individual and Snail Coeaunity Sewage Treatnent 1961, Anerican Socie-
ty of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Pichiqan (15 pages)
1962
Describes qroundwater aonitorieq prograas for septaqe lagcon effluent
eiqratioE at four stratified drift sites aad at one glacial till site in
Connecticut. A brief soil description of each site Is given. Ronitcr-
inq wells are located hydraulicaXly upqradie.it to establish site lack-
qround parameters and hydraulically dOBngradieot to detect lagoon efflu-
ent aiqration. Tae water quality data fros the septaqe disposal sites
are sanaarized in table fora. (S«F)
HCCS L001253
AUTHOR Eubin. A.R.. Coqqer, C.G.
AFFIL Biological and Agricultural Enqineerinq Dept.. Sell Science Sept., North
Carolina State University
TITLE Effect of Extreae Water Conservation on the Characteristics and Treat«-
bility of Septic Tank Effluent
SOUBCE Cri-site Sewage Treatment - Proceedings of the Third National SyBpcsiua
on Individual and Ssall Coasunity Sewage Treatment 19T1, Aeerican Socie-
ty of Aqricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Hichiaan (6 pages)
TEAH 1982
TEXT: Describes a method for handling a waste load froo septic tanks receiving
concentra-ted wastes from low-flush toilets. Hydraulic loads aere re-
duced by €8-72 percent with the installaticn cf air-assist toilets and
spring-loaded faucets. Additional settling tine nay he required where
extreae water conservation aeasures are esployed. After a 6.U-day re-
tention tiae. effluent COD was telow that erected fcr a cocventicnisl
systea. Those pollutants which -ere in solution in the effluent after
sufficient septic tank retention are readily treated in the soil systeo.
(AU/SHF)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAB
TEXT
LC0125D
No°, E.G., Shoupp, W.J., Dinqess, J.M.
Professor, Division of Plant ani Soil Scieeces, west Virginia Univer-
sity, rtcrqantown, WV, Research Assistant, Pittsburgh, PA, ard Graduate
Research Assistant, School of Law, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, KD
flicrofcial Ecology of an Aerobic Recycling Cnsite Treatsent Plant
Individual Onsite 'Jastewater Systeas - Proceedings of the Siith National
Conference, 1979, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, fl.
(39 pages)
I960
Exploratory research studied the effect thf. various operating parame-
ters cf a laboratory recycling waste disposal syttes have on its nicrc-
tial population. The independent varia-tl^s include orqanic feedrate,
aeration rate, teaperature aad retention tiae. The systee operates nore
efficiertly at a loading of three persons -er day than at ont or two
persons per day. Aeration requirements increased in proportion to the
organic loading rates. Saall ch nqes of tesperature within the aesa-
§hyllic range have niniual effect on th-- operation of the systere. Ke-
ucing the rttention tine in the digestion tank ty reducing the voluse
cf aixea liquor in the tank result^ in the p"- ^dictable effect cf in-
creasing the accuaulation rate of residua!.. Coltforns introduced into
the diqestion tar.k as indicators of path...'en.c survivability are unable
159
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to establish theaselves within the eicrobial popnlation of the tank.
Although shock loadings produce tnief perturbations, the overall stabil-
ity of the systee is quickly reestablished. The siciobial population of
the systea exhibits an aaazinq resiliency and is able to survive over c
uide ranqe of conditions, there are a nuaber of engineering ieprcwe-
•ents that could be Bade to ieprove the operation of the syste> aod the
filtering device. (AO/SHF)
»CCS 1001255
AUTHOR Carlile. E.L.
AFFIL Soil Science Departeent, Horth Carolina State University, Raleigh, north
Carolina
TITLE Use of Shallou, low-pressure Injection Systeas in Large and Saall
SOUBCE Individual Onsitc Kastewater Systess - Proceedings of the Sixth Motional
Coaferecce. 1979, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor. RI, (15
paqes)
TEAR 1980
TEIT Describes design and application of a low-pressure pipe effluent (LFP)
distribution systea in sorth Carolina soils. An LPP is a network of
SBall-diaseter perforated pipes placed in natural soil trenches 10-18
ibches deep by 5-12 inches uide. Septic tank effluent is pusped through
the LPP it controlled doses for unifcra distritatioa. Coabooents are
listed. Conditions for which LPP has proved effective include rapidly
perneable sands, high water table soils, sites uith shallow restrictive
horizons, steep slopes, aad large flows, A step-by-sfcep sequence is
provided for sizing, layout, and distcibtuion systeo design. This sys-
tea is an alternative for problen areas not served by public treatisent
facilities. UU/SUF)
ACCt L001256
AUTHOE Hart, S,8.
AFFIL Tesas Departsent of Health. Austin, Texas
TITLE Pressurized Subsurface Effluent Dosing - The Texas Experience
SOORCJ Individual Onsite Hastewater Systeas - Proceedings of the Sixth Rational
Conference, 1979, Ann Arbor Sc'ence Publishers, IDC., Ann Arbor, HI,
(13 pages)
YEAR 1980
TEXT The Pressurized Subsurface Effluent Dosing (PSED) nethod of disposing
doacstic nastewater effluent was installed in a subdivision near
Houston, Texas. The PSED process consists of puspinq treated effluent
through SBall-diaseter perforated pipe into an enclosed (covered)
trench. Dosiuq is accomplished by a Ion pressure cusp; controls are
presided to turn the putp or. and off and tor an alarin in case of systee
salfunction. The qre iesc advantage of the PSED process is low cost of
•aterials and installation. The sajor disadvantage is high operation
and saintenance costs. P5EC design criteria are stressed, including
trench coastruction and sizing, aad pusp sizing and pulping specifi-
cations. Conditions inducing PSED systen failure are rated. (SWf/AO)
ACCI LC01257
iUTHt'B Palaenberq, R.E.
AtFIL Gu tierrez-polirBen berg, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona
TITLE Calculator Prograa Aids Lagoon Design
SOURCE Kater/Engineering & Hanageaent. Cctcter 1981, p. q8-52 {2 pages)
YEAR 1961
TEXT A program uritten fcr progrjaaatie calculators gives a trial-and-errcr
so'luticr, to earthwork volumes for lagoon construction. It provides a
depth of cut, cut volaee, fill volume and set earthwork vcluoe fcr the
balanced cut-and-fill cors*ruction approach. A procedure is worked out
specifically for the lagoons sharing a conson center en»iron»ent.
(SHF)
ACCI L011258
AUTHOR Patker. W.F., Mee, B.J.
AFFIL Dept. of ricrobioloqy, University of Western Australia, Bestern
Ausiralia, 6009, Australia
TITLE Survival of Salaonclla Adelaide and Fecal Coliforas in Coarse Sands of
the .Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia
SOURCE Applied and Envi roneiental Microbiology, day 1982, (6 pages)
VEAR 1982
TEXT The sjrvival of "Saleonella adelai3f and fecal colifcrns in two coarse
sands influenced by two sources c£ septic tank effluent was studied.
The eiotriaents aere conducted in conditions that reflected tha scil en-
vironaont beneath functioning septic tank systeas. Significant differ-
ences in survival were found with different'effluent S9urces. In one
experiment the survival of "Saloonella adeldide" was siailar to that of
fecal coliforis; in the other it was not. The ncnanifora, eultiphasic
nature cf survival curves and variability observed in these erpecinents
suggests tnat tas application of such survival data for establishing
160
-------
•anaqsaent criteria for septic tank systess - ty, for exasple, the use
of soil noisture characteristic curies to give estiaate? of aosesent in
the soil - is inappropriate. (AQ)
ACCi
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001259
Fielding, n.B.
Applied Sciences Section, Pollution Control Branch, Ontario Hinistry of
the Environaent, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Grou&u Water Konitorinq Under Leaching Field
Cn-Site Seaage Treatser.t - Proceedings o,t the Third Rational Srapcsiun
on Individual and Snail Cosnunitf Sewage Treatsent 1981, Asericsu
Society cf Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, r.ichiqan (8 pages)
i 982
Three equations derived fros Darcy's Law are cosparee against test re-
sults concerning groundwater Bounding below a leaching ted. The saziscs
use of the water table under a leeching ted, the use of the water table
under a leaching hed uith tise and the shape of the grounduater sound
are predicted. The accuracy of these predictions are dependent on the
accuracy in deteraining true and representative values for flow, the co-
efficient of peraeability. the depth of the aquifer and the effectise
porosity. (SUF)
ACC8
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCt
YEfcR
TEI1
L001260
Lee, n.K.
Cttec tail County, Fergus Falls, ninnesota
Design and Installation of Saali Cossuoity Systeos
Individual Onsite Hasteaater Systess - Proceedings of *.he Sixth National
Conference, T979, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, HI, (9
pages)
1980
To protect a lake and uater wells froa pollution under teras of
Hinnesota's Shoreland Manageraent Act. a coitaon (Ssainfield «as Luilt to
treat the effluent collected Croe individual septic tanks serving a aoz-
en lattefront dwellinqs. Each tank discharges to a gravity flo« trunk
line leading to a puep station «hich then puaps to the ^rainfield. De-
tails of system desiqa, site selection and cost are proeided along with
a brief discussion of other operating coosnnity effluent collecticn sys-
tems.
L0012ol
NA
KA
Facilities Planning study: Final Report
Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Seaer iutnccity, San Juan, Puerto Rico
1980
This is the final report of a facility planning study to develop cost-
effective innovative and alternative vosteuatec technologies for a 0.69
square aile rural area in eastera Pu?rtc Rico characterized by steep
slopes, poor soil conditions and putlic health probleas caused by inade-
quate aantewater disposa." practices. Physical and hiis?:i factors and ez-
pected future developsents are supaarizecl. nandgeoent alternatives are
analyzed and a nanageaent plan is proposed. f-reliuinary design criteria
are provided for STEP collection systeas, cluster soil absorption
fields, and hyacinth lagoons, issues affecting iapleiientacion of the
plan are Jiscussed, acd public participation activities ounearized.
(SWF)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECi
TEAE
TEXT
L001262
Bitchell. D.T., Mete, C.h., F.utledqe, E.r., Scott, H.D.
civi) Engineering Dept., Agricultural Engineering Cept., Agronoay Dept.,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
Soil Coluoin Comparison of Aerotically Pretreated Wasteuater to Septic
Tank Effluent
On-£ite Sewage Treatment - Frcceedings of the Third National Sy»pcsiu«
on Individual and Snail CoRnunity Sewage Treatsent 1981, Aaerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (7 pages)
1962
Describes a laboratory study to conpare the clogging of septic tank ef-
fluent and aerobic effluent. Three-inch soil colosns uit'.i sii dif-
ferent uniformity coefficients uere packed and their percolation rate
drterained. Loading rates uere detecair.ed fros these percolation r^tes.
Results include the tiae to failure at various multiples of the design
loading tate and the ti»e to recover. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
L001 263
Scheret, S.P.. Mitchell, p.T.
Texas Eastern and University of Arkansas
Individual Household Surface Disposal of Treated Wastewater without
161
-------
SOURCE:
I E A n
TEXT
Chlorination
Cn-Site Sewage Treataent - Proceedings of the Third national
on Individual and ^sall Coacsunity Seuage Treatment 1961, Aserican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (8 pages)
* sand filter has been designed to allow surface disposal of treated
uasteuater ty lawn sprinkling. Capabilities and design of the systes
art discussed. The effluent has I ne clarity of drinking water, the
bacteriological quality of a water supply, sore nitrogen and phosphorus
than aost runoff waters, and less oxyaen aesanti than land and urban
runoff. Th<5 filter will discharge nci;-average colifcrs concentrations
ontp the lawn. Studies show 3 rapi-i decline of the grass surface
coliforn populations on grass conlaninated uith septic tank effluent.
Tests of the systea did not address »irus reaoval. (AU/SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOB
iFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
IEAF.
F2K15
TEXT
L00126U
Hentzsche, KK.. Fishu^sn, N.J.,
Baalit Associates, B'rkeley, California an3 State Coastal Conservancy,
Oakland, California
Hound Systeas ior Cluster Dewelopaent
Cr-Site Sewage Treataect - Proceedings of the Third National Syapcsiue
on Individual anl Snail CoKoanity Seuage Treatment 1961, Aaerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (10 pages)
1982
Describes a uasteaater plan thich utilizes conounity sound systeus for a
lat^e-scale stbdiaision. A lot consclidation-redesign alleviates
enviccnaental land Sewelcpaect probless. The planning and nastewater
approach taken here AS precedent-setting for California land
(SMF)
ACCI L001265
AUTHOH Cole, C.A.. Sharpe, t.E.
AFFIL Hater Rcscurces Enqineecing Techooicgy, Capitol Caopus, Fenosylvanla
State University, Middlatown, FA, and Institute foe Research on land and
Hater Resources, Pennsylvania Stdte University, University park, FA
TITLE lapact of Hater Conservation on Residential Septic Tank Effluent
Cuality
SOURCE Cn-5ite Seuage Treatacat - Proceedings of the Third National Syaposius
on Individual an., r,. vj • , D ~ ^ • c A , n.
Cept. cf Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ontario, and Dep*
Civil Engineering, University of Windsor, wincscr, Ontario/. Canada
Study of Columnar l;eni tt if ic<« tio-i for Application in an On-Site Systen
On-Site Seuage Tre-ittent - Proceedings of tl.e Third National Syopcsiua
on Incnidual and 5aall Cosnur.itf Sewage Treatment 1981, Aserlcan
Societ^ of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (6 pages)
1982
Kitchen wastewater was used as an ejrtenal source cf organic cartcn in
reeovinq nitrate :roa synthetic food solution through colunrnr
denitrirication under labordtory conditions. A car con-to-nitroaen ratio
of «:1 was found to te sufficient for coeplete denitrificatIon.
irrespective of soil depths. The performance data indicated that the
soil coluins reached steady state conditions within two weeks. The
effect cf dissol'-ed oxygen present in the feed scluticns was
insignificant. Less than 20 percent of the excess applied organic
carbon was recovered. (AU/SVF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
L001267
Laak, H.
Civil Engineering Departaent, University of Connecticut
A Passive Denitrification Svsten £cr Cn-Sita Systeas
On-Site Sewage Treatment - Proceedings cf the third "(ational Sy«pcsiu»
on Individual and Saall Coasur.ity Sewage Tredteerit 1981, Anetican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, nichiqan (3 pages)
1 982
162
-------
TEST : The BUCK systea is a passive, cn-site nitrogen re»oval technique vhich
requites no nore nainteoaBce than a conventional septic tank systes.
Tests resulted in 81 percent nitrogen resoval by biological ana passive
•ethods. The RUCK systeu uses qreyuater as a carbon source for
biological denitrif ication. Bl:.ckwater ana qreysjater ace separated:
blackwater is run through ? septic tank and then a sand ted for
bacterial nitrification, and greyuater is run through a septic tank.
The tao uaste streaas are brought together in = n acoiic upflow
rock-filled tank where biological Denitrif icatioc occurs. Laboratory
and field results are provided. (SUF)
ACCi
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001266
Enqle, C.F., Her-.anson, B.C.
Washington State University. Pullaan, Washington
Physical Characterization of Fill Materials for Cn-Site Sewage Systess
in Washington
Cn-Site Sewage Treataent - Proceedings of the Third National Synpcsios
on Individual and Snail Coaaunity Sesage Treatseot 1961, £aerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (11 pages)
1982
Seventeen fill systecs are esaeined for signs cf success or failare of
operation and sampled for laboratory studies. Analyses include size
analysis, dense aogle of repose, bulk density, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, and analysis of shape. The study indicates that
Washington Department of Social and Health services guidelines nay be
unjustifiably narrowing the ranqe 01 testates of fill eaterial. 1 vider
range of soil textures aay be used as scil properties and handling are
understood and care is exercised in installing the systens. (SWF)
ACC8
AOT00E
TITLE
SOU8CE
IEAB
TEXT
1001269
Hantzsche, HH, NeJSirk. KT, Bistros, TV
Haslit Associates, Berkeley, California, DSOA Soil Conservation Service,
Bakersfield, CaliforEia ana Horth Coast Hegional Uater Quality Coatrol
Board Santa Rosa California
Soil Textoral Ai^alysis for On-Site sewage Disposal Evaluation
Oo-Site Seiiage Tceatsent - Proceedings of the Third National SyopcEiua
OD Individual ani Seall Coosunity Se«age Treataent 1981, Anerican
Society of Agricultural Enqiaeers, St. Joseph, Michigan (10 pages)
1982
Describes a procedure which utilizes soil textural analysis as a frisary
tool for judging site suitability. Coaparison of field and laboratory
data sho« a significant correlation between percolation test results and
position of soil within defined suitability zones on the textural
triangle. In cases of aarginal or unacceptable testural classification.
wet-«eathei percolation testing is relied upon as a final deterainant ct
a site's percolation suitability. Although the procedures reduce the
dependence on the percolation test, they do not totally eliuinate its
use as an evaluation tool. (SKF)
ACCJ
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAE
TJiXT
L001270
Struchteeeyer, R.A., Elack, fi.W.
Dtpt. of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Haine, Crono, Maine
Experiences with Using On-Site Investigations to Size and Design Septic
Drain Fields
Cn-Site Sewage Treateent - Proceedings cf the Third National Synpcsiiis
en Indiviiaal and Stall CoBHunity Ssaaqs Treatsent 1981, Aserican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, nichigan (9 pages)
1 98«= effectiveness of the flaine
Plnabinq Code. Conclusions draur are as follows: Local inspecticns
•ust be ieproved. Biological pads caused sraall teds on coarse teitured
soils to malfunction. Nutrieot concentrations in all cases were hignest
in water sanples collected under and beside the disposal area. Disposal
area design heeds to have the filter aret telow the bed revalaatefi. No
pollution was measured in the water taken fro» lysiaeters 15 and 31
•eters dowoslope fron beds. (AU/SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
IF.AR
TEIT
LC01271
Frittcn, D.D., Stahl, J.H., Aron, G.
Dept. ot Aqronpny 3nd Dept. o£ Civil Engineering, Pennsylvania State
Unlyprsity, University Park, Pennsylvania
A Site Evaluation nodel fur Effluent Disposal
On-Site Sewage Treatnent - Proceeaings of the Third National Syepcsiu*
on Individual and Ssall Coaaunity Sewage Tred-tnent 1931, American
Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Michigan (7 pages)
1982
An interactive coiputer sisulaticn itodel assists in evaluating sites fcr
on-site effluent disposal. The co«pute program is designed around two
163
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categories of infaraation: iaforaation required to satisff legal
regulations and inforaation requited for water flou tsodels. Revised
regulations proposed foe use in Pennsylvania are used, T!.e sodel Has
developed to iaprove site suitability decision Baking, -.nsite effluent
disposal systee selection, aa
-------
AOTHOB Ciotoli, P.A.. Johason, G.H.C Siehus, D.C.
AFFIL Hoy F. Heston, Inc., Best Chester, Pennsylvania, and Konlcipal Envircn-
•eotal Research Laboratory, D.S. Environmental Pcotecticn Agency,
Cincinnati. Ohio
TITLE Bole of Public Agencies end Private Interests la Ispleaenting Oasite act
Saall Coaaunity Hasteaater Hanagesent Proqraes
SOUBCE Individual Onslte Hastebater Systeas - Proceedings of the Siith ss'.ional
Conference, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., inn Arbcr, HI, 1979
(16 pages)
IEA3 I960
TEXT Provides en overview of uastewater sanageisent activities and participa-
tion at national, state. regional* and local levels. This report is
based on changes uhich base occnrred since the 1977 Clean Hater Act
Asendnents, including increased aaeireness of noncentral wasteaater san-
ageaent issues and changes in construction grants policies affecting on-
site, scall cosBunity, end alternative and innovative systess. Tcpics
covered include planning, research, technical assistance, information
transfer, financinq, eaforceeent and OCR. Hesaining probleos uhich ie-
pair developeent of noncentcal systens are considered along uith sug-
gestions of ways to osercoae these obstacles. (AO/SVIF)
ACC* L001276
AUTHOB MA
AFFIL State of Washington, Department of Ecology and Eepattaent cf Social and
Health Services
TITLE Desiqe Guidelines for Larger Oa-Site Sewage Syst^ss uith Ultiaate Desiqn
Capacities of 3,500 GaDous Per Day cr Hore or Serving 10 or Rore Lining
Units
SOURCE State of Hash.'.cgtoa, Department of Ecology and Cepartsent of Social and
Health Services (8 paces)
IE4I- 1979 *
TEXT Sots forth design criteria for proposed septic tank and drainfield
systeos with altioate design capacities of 3,500 gallons per day (gpd)
or acre, or serving 10 or sore living units. Desiqn criteria induce 1)
soil evaluation and loading rates, 2J soil logs and site inspecticns, 3)
topography
-------
requiring ground inspection based en site characteristics. Bcrsal color
and color Infrarec* flla esposed on scales of 1:10,000 or larger profiaced
the best results. Varying soil color and vegetation, along with tree
cower, are factors which lisit the use of this screening nethod. (5Hf)
iCCI
AUTHOE
4FFU
TITLE
SOUBCE
IE1E
TEXT
L001279
Constant*. J.
U.S. Geological Survey, 3U5 Kiodlefield Boad, SS-96 Senlo Park. C«
Teaperatare Dependence of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Two
Soils
Soil Science Society of Aaerica Journal
-------
YEAH : 19S2
TEXT : Discusses biological asd cSesical aspects of nitrogen Hit*, a critical
overview, the treatise encourages the reader to adhere to scientific
principles of proofs and to ignore the tendency to accept what say te
bfclieted as obvious. Chapters cover public health significance
concerning nitrates, eotrophicdtioo, nltrogee budgets a^d in-field
experiences, and laboratory and field experiaents en nitrogen in
vasteuater disposed to a septic tank systes. (SlF)
ACCI LC01283
AUTHOR Foster, R.
AFPIL Allott and Loaax, Consulting Engineers
TITLE Sewage Disposal in Developing Countries: Soae Thoughts
SOOBCZ Mater Pollution Control, Part 1. 1980, pp. 28-01. (15 pages)
TEAB 1980
TEXT The opening section of this t«o-p?rt article describes the history cf
sewage disposal and the defalopeent of Kater carriage systess ia the
United Kingdoa. flethods discussed range froa Bidden heaps and pit
crivies through aodern secondary seiiage treataent. The second section
discusses the current seaaqe disposal and water supply systes in
developing countries and suqqests alteroatises based OB the physical
conditions and ecoaoaic resources of the areas to te served. Article
proposes aodified versions of sorae. earlier techniques (including dry
systems) and outlines systess planned for locaticns in Saudi Arabia.
Ghana and Nigeria. Diaqrdas or sisple treatnent systeas accoapaay the
text. (SWF)
JCCI L0012S1
AUTBOG HA
AFfIL Deabetry, Healon and Daris, Enqicieers, Architects, Planners and
surveyors, Fairfax, Virginia
TITLE Besidential Hasteuater Systees
SCUHCE Katiooal Associatioa of Hoae Builders, 15th and (• Streets, H.H.,
Washington,, DC (110 pages)
TEAfi 1980
till This publication by the national Asscciatioa of Hooe guilders is
intended to provide the hoae builder uith design parameters and
sobstaotiatinq data required to select snd cesiqn an individual
wasteuater treataent system. Representstive design criteria are qi»en
for septic tank systees, uodified soil absorption systess, sounds,
evapotranspiration beds, end aerobic units anil discharging systeos.
Diaqrans snowing systeo desi>jn and cosponents are included. (AU/SKF)
*CCI
AUTbOS
AFFIL
TIT1E
SOUSCE
YEAR
TEIT
L001285
(iA
liA
Presentation of r.ltscnati»es to Traditional Seclic Systens for the
Washington Ketropolitan Area: Task II
Reference Document 95, Offica of Cosiaunity Cevelcpsent, Departwent of
Coaaunity and Ecocoaic De»elopnieDt, RontgcoeLy Ccunt/, Faryland, (59
pages)
1977
A uide ranqe of individual and snail cosisunity waste disposal systess
can Beet the needs of unsewered locations in the tiashington, DC,
•etropolitan area. Alternati»e systess and the site conditions fcr
uhich they are suited include aounfi sjsteas, lined and unlined
evapotranspiration beds, saort f.'.lters, alternating i rain fields an3 the
seuaqe osoosis process. The ttit alsc covers incineration, biolocical,
and cospostinq toilets, cosnunity seuers, alternative eethods of site
evaluation and aanaqeaent districts. (SWF)
ACCI L001286
AUTHOB Heireter-R
AFFIL School of Forestry and Natural Resources at Hustclct State University,
Arcata, California
TITLE Baste Not Hasteuater-Hest: The Accata Eiperisent
SOUHCZ American Forests, 88(6):38-53 (5 pages)
TEAS 1982
TEXT The Arcata Saluon Aquaculture Fro-iTdd is e. deieonEtraticn cf successful
•ultiple-use aanagesfent of uasteuater. Three uarshes and a lake exist
on tht 100 acres en which Atcata, California, operates a laqoon-based
uasteuater systea, wildlife habitat, a oarine aquaculture project, a
research and breeding area tor chincck salorn and a public recreation
area. One acre of aarshland, handling zpprorisatelj one-tenth of the
wasteyater flcu of the entire system, is ceinq utilized in a pilot
project studyinq the feasibility arid efficiency c£ usinq marshes to
provide tertiary treatsent of the city's wastewater. (AU/SV.F)
167
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ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFil
TITLE
SOUHCE
TEA9
TEXT
1001297
NA
HA
Stop the ?i»e Gallon Flush:
Systeas
lUniiue Ccst Housing Sroup.
Montreal, Canada (<47 pages)
"his is a catiloq of 30 vasteaater disposal systess
available in North fcaerica acd Europe. Focus is on loss cost
A Sur»ey of Alternative Hsste Cisposal
?:&ool c£ Architecture, HcGill University,
o. us s on oss cos
technologies foe individual onsite systess. Product categories inc
pot latrines, pour-flush toilets, ccsposting toilets, septic tanks,
bucket, cartage and water borne ^ystess. Provides Ban-af ac turers • R
nd addresses but no price. (oif)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SGUHCE
IfEAR
TEXT
LC01 288
Hatlen, J.B.
Cepartsent of Envi roneeatfll Health, Oaiversity cf Hashington. Seattle,
Public Health Considerations for Cn-3ite Seuaae Cisoosal
Proceedings of Scrthwest On-Sitd haste Wat-=r Short Course, Deceater 8 t
9. 1976, Onisersitir cf ilashinqtoa, p. 27-32 (6 pages)
1976
Public health considerations are the aajcr reasons fcr the detailed
rules and regulations pertaining tc on-site sewage disposal. Fi»e aress
of atteatioa (legal issues, infectious disease t i anssission . cheaical
cr ntaaicu t ion , desthetics and consuaer protection) are discussed ulth
reqard to their effect on the de»elop»-;nt of onsite Jisfosal
iCCi : 1001289
AUTHCE: BitOQdo, *!.
AFFIL : Hoo»er-SSE Bearing Plant, Ann «rbcr, KI
TITLE : Cold leather Haste Ireataent
SOURCE: Industrial Bastes (1 page)
T£XT : In a pcoqraa of bacterial ^upplanettjtion, known as bio-auqgientation,
specially selected Dacteria are added to a tricklinn filter systes tc
reoedy hiqh effluent EOD Ie»els during cold weather. Kcre consistent
and iaproved BOO levels ia the pla&t effluent are claised.
ACC«
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAE
TEIT
Bosesille, Minnesota
L0012SO
Hansel, i?.J.
Minnesota folluticn Control Agency.
TBO Onsite Options for Problea Soils
Individual Onsite Hasteyater Systees Froceedincs of the Siith Baticnal
Conference, 1979, Anr Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, nl (28
pages)
19SO
Funpinq stations arid sounds are described as ensile seuaqe systeis fcr
Daiqinal soil conditions. Pusps discussed are sclid handling rueps -=ind
septic tank-effluent puaps (STEP). Design a^J const ruction infcrpatioo
are provided fee toth puaps and sound systess. Syste* diagrass are
provided. (SWF)1
ACC:
Al'IHCE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAH
TEXT
L001291
Kelson, B.E.
Pueblo Regional Planning Cooaission
t'ueblo Area Couni-il cf Governeeat• s Pueblo County Septic Tank
Maintenance Denon^trat ion Project
Puehlo Eeqional ?lar.ning Coanssion (36 pages)
1931
A 208 progress report describes work icconplishsd by the Pueblo County
Septic Tank Kaintenance Ce«onstraticn Project during 1975 and 198C.
Operation plans jnd procedures, aaintenance proble«s anl difficulties
encountered are outlined by a statistical analysis of accoaplishients
and findings. Tables present grourdwater analyses. A breakdown of
pro-ject costs for the two years is gi»en. (SMF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFTL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAH
L001292
FredricKSca, D.U.
Bureau cf Ei,»iror,i«ental Health, Division of Health, Dept. of Health and
Social Services, Madison, Wisconsin
Soil r.cttling and Grounduater Bcnitcring
Individual Or.site Hastewater Srstees - Proceedings of the Sirth National
Conference, 1979, Ann Aroor Science Publishers, Ann Arbcr, MI (11
pages)
1960
Soil settling indicates levels of Fcil saturation and can te used to
168
-------
locate shallow grcandwater oc iones of icil saturation «..ich prevent
proper operation cf soil absorption ty£te«s.. The paper defines aottles
(a type of variation in soil colors) aad briefly describes the
biociieaical process of Bottle forsatioa. Considers reliability cf
aottlinq ff an indicator of sjil saturation in light o£ observed
qrounduater levels, and discusses its lisitatioas with specific
reference to Wisconsin's glacial soils. Soaoariies the state's
procedures for groundnater eocitorinq. aod concludes that a better
understanding of soil aottlinq anj reduce the need fee eonitorinq.
4CCI
1U1HOB
TITLE
SOOaCE
ttH
TEIT
1001293
Chesnin, L.
Baste Na&aqesent Specialist Aqrouoiy Cepartnent, University of Ketraska,
Lincoln. Nebraska
Aquaculture for Haste Honaqe*eot
eloCycle, 23(3):52-56 (5 pages)
1982
Eesearch concerning waste aanaqeient and fish production is presented.
Hastes are divided ir.to three categories: aniual, hnsan and industrial.
Use of nutrients to produce protein for coeestic ani«ait> is th. j» Planning Reqico: water Duality lopact and
fiecoffluendations
Southern Rockinqnao Regional Planning District Cc*aissicn, 19 ffin
Street, Saltn, Pen Hampshire 03079 (158 pages)
1975
Ihe qualit} of Scath Rockinghas lakes, is eiasined in relation to
adjacent shorelanj use and the si^catioo cf pollutants to surface
waters. Evidence is presented which descnstra tes the relationships
tetueen septic tank use and adjacent surface Hater quality, and data on
the nuEber of shcrefront hoses, tcth seasonal and year-round, are
suanarized. The iapact ot seasonal hose conversion in teres of
uastewater discharcie is assessed, and the area's lakes and ponds are
classified in terss of their trcp&ic condition, and then in terns cf
their potential for developnent. Ihe laws and regulations affecting
ponds and lakes in the planning area ate Eunaarized, and a qlcsssry of
the technical terss is provided. (AU/SSf)
iCCI
ICTKOfi
mil,
TITLE
SOCSCE
UAE
TEIT
1001296
: hA
NA
DoJoker Systeu: Special English Issue
EcJoker Systen: Special Enqlisb Issue, Sept. 1561, Ho. 56, (U5 pages)
1 9 ft 1
DoJoker, a special English issue ci a Japanese icnthly journal is the
vehicle for lending technical resrcctabilit» to the DoJoker Process - a
nasteuater systea cosprised of a filter tank fitted uith a net tc catch
household solid wastes and sections of earthen pipe leading fro? the
tank. The DoJoker process utilizing soil processes can te integrated
with other uastewater treataent systcas, for eiaaple, at the outlet of
septic tanks. A patent with diagraas illustrates the process. (SUF)
ACCI :
AUTHOR:
1001 297
Claniya, K.S.
Nawlakhe, W.G., Sharaa, B.C., Saiena, K.t.
169
-------
1FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAE
TEXT
Engineering feesearch Institute. Kehru Marq, Raqpur-HftO C20 India
Pollution studies of Hell Water in Sewage Fara at Ja'par
Indiua Journal of Environmental Health, 20 (1):398-iM; (15 paqes)
i 9 76
Characterizes physico-cheaical and bacteriological cosconents of well
water used for dosestic and irrigation purposes ia ladia. The wells are
located on sewage fares whf :e raw and diluted sewage is osed for Irriga-
tion. The relationship between the pollution of well laater and the dis-
tance froa irrigation is shoun graphical!*. The »ell uaters are ocfit
for drinking or other doaestic purposes.
ACC8 L001298
AUTHOR Euchholz. G.H.
1FFIL Janes K. Hontgoeery Consulting Engineers, Inc., Halnat Cceek, California
TITLE An Overview of Alternative onsite Hastewater Technology
SOURCE Individual Onsite Uastewater Sfsteas - Proceedings of th« Sixth National
Conference, 1979. inn Arbor ?cionce Publishers. Ann Srfccr, Michigan (12
pages)
TEAR 1980
TEXT Provides an overview of oasite treatceot and disposal BE its, incladioq
related design criteria and operation and raintenance tecjuiresents.
Systeas aad techniques include septic tanks, aerobic units, coopost
systsas, sediaentaticn chlorination, filtration and 5reywater/blackwater
segregation and tteatnent. Three tables suaEarize O^P requireeents,
suitable applications based on effluent requirenents aad capital and
operating costs, and suitability of various onsite units based on local
soils, h;drolocy rainfall and effluent limitation. (AO/SUF)
ftCCB L00129S
*ntaoB HA
4FFIL Nft
TITLE Three Million Gallons of Bater Sawed Annoallj
SOURCE Land and aater. Hay/June 1962. p. 26 (\ page}
YEA fi 1982
TEXT A coaaercially available ». ter recycling syste* in Great Falls,
Virginia, series a coaples of 39 stores and t«o restaatas\ts. Three
Billion gallons of water are recycled anauall? for osa In toilets and
urinals tr a process in»3liring biological action, filtration, and
xone Sixth Kalional
Conference, 1979, Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Ann Artcr, P.ichigan,
The president of Clivus Saltrua Inc., describes their
qreywatei: treataent systea i'hich eeploys leach beds withjn huaus soils
established ia greenhouses. The systea is designed to collect solar
energy and produce crops uhile treating qreywater. Toilet wastes are
handled separately by cooposting. Briefly discusses design paraeeters,
CLOP prodaction, dad treataent efficiency. Final effluent BOD-5 ranged
frca 3 to 50 ag/1 and suspended sclids £;OH 5 to «a «q/l. Effluent
disposal is sutjecc to local regulatory constraints. Use of this systen
is suggested for onsite treataent en land not suited for conventional
seepage fields. Estimated unit cost is $5,OCO. (SMF)
ACCI :
AUTHOR:
L001302
Jones, S.C.. DenSesten. G.
170
-------
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOUSCF:
TEAR :
TEXT :
Billiaas C Works, Grand Rapids. Bichigan
Alternative tiastevater Collection Systeas for Snail Coasunities
Individual Onsite Hasteuater Systeas - Proceedings of the Sixth National
Conference, 1979. Ann Arbor. Kichiqan (16 pages)
1980
Alternative soall-dianeter collection systeas can reduce xasteuater
treatment costs in rural areas and in locations uith high water tables.
Paper presents suaaaries of basic design and operation for vacuus seners
and pressure systens (including arinder puraps and septic tank effluent
puaps). and revieus their OS2 factors and costso Sunaarizes experience
«ith several existing projects, and analyzes feasibility snd
cost-effectiveness of alternative systezs for the tuo planned projects.
iCC»
AUTHOR
aFF!L
TITLE
SOCBCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001303
Seaall. B.A.. Ott, C.3.
University of Lowell. fiassachusetts
Septage and Wasteuater Ireataent in Activated Sladqe Process
Journal Water Pollutiaa Control Federation, 52 (1 1 ): 2655-2665 (11
A septaqe aonitoring FroJect "as conducted at a large activated sludge
plant to deteruine the quantities of septaqe that plants can feasibly
handle. Treataent cost, process capacity and effluent quality are
stcdied, and septage characteristics are described. Increased operating
expenses associated nith accepting septage are reflected pcisarily in
solids handling a&d disposal costs. For constant septaqe-feed systess.
oxygen desani" can be estimated based OE paraneters used for high
strength tasteuater. Shock loading caa place a severe deisand on a
plant's aeration capacity. Primacy clarifiers handling septaqe should
be designed conservatively. The critical eleaents are efflueat quality,
sludge reaoval a -id surface skieuing. (AU/S'JF)
«CC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUECfc
YEAR
TEXT
Dover, Delaware and County Sanitary
L001 30«
bassett. A.F., Otarncs, J.C.
C'Btien E Gere Engineets. Inc
Engineer, Queen Anne's County. Maryland
BCCUUB aasteaater Collection: The Alternative Selected in Cneen Anne's
County, Maryland
Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 53(1):59-65 (7 pages)
1961
A vacuuo sewer project is described for Cueen Anne's County, Ha,
that represents the largest publicly funded vacuua Hasteaater collection
syrtea in North Aserica. It includes 12 vacuum collection systees, each
yith an independently operating vacuus and puBping station. The systea
includes approiifiately 197,000 feet of vacuum seuer, 1,050
vacuua salves and will serve 1,800 residences and cosEercial
estab lishnents. ahich include restaurants, aarinas, and seafood
processing plants. Certain factors with Queen Anne's County indicated
th*t vacuum SfStess would be acre ccs t-ef tect.i ve than either gravity cr
pressure collection systems. The service area has a high grcundwater
table,, unstable soils, and a significant proportion of cluster
developsent ; conditions which favor
-------
IEII : Traces the history aad current (1977) status of onsite wasteuater
•anageaent districts (OSMUDs), which .Bploy a central authority in scoe
cr all aspects ot design, installation, uaintenance, operation'and
aonitocing of onsite systess. Advocates public manageeent of septic
.systems as the best way to assure proper design and aaintenance, tfaos
redaciaq systea failures. Experiences uith a variety of OSUSDs in
California are described, along with an eiperiaental aerobic systeas
•ana^eaent plan in Kentucky, coeaunitv scil absorption systess in
Uiscoasin, and state guideliaes for OSHlDs in Hasfcingtoa. Special
pcogracs associated with field staff selection, training, and
professional development are discussed. (SMF)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITtE
SOURCE
TEAR
ISIT :
1001 3G7
Wu. I.C., Smith, E.D.
Ctpt. of Civil Eaqineeriag, University of Pittsburgh, £>« and
Constraction Engineering Besearch Lab., Dept. of the Army, Charpaign,
Botati&g Biological Contactor Systea Design
Aoericaa Society cf Civil Engineers, 3U5 East <47th Street, He* Icrk, ST
Practical application of Ma's node! for the prediction of soluble ECC
resoyal in HBC systees is discussed extensively fcr various operating
conditions. The eodel uas tested by the use of aore than 80 data sets
octaieed fron the operation of six full-scale RBC plants. »lsc,
DOsagcAKS were cosstructed to denonstrate a aethcd" for selecting the
desiga surface hydraulic loadings. More iaportantly, the hydraalic
loa'ilcQ rates pre3icted/caj.calated on the basis cf the criteria eiclcyed
for fouc full-scale RBC plant designs «ere comrared viith the actual
design hydrcalic loadings, so significant difference between tbe
predicted and the designed hydraulic loading uas found. (&U)
ACCS
ADTHOB
TITtt
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0013CS
Gveca^a, A.R., Leseaan, U.G.
Agricaltaral Enqiaetring Dept., University cf Florida, Gainesville,
Florida
5oil aad Grcund«atet Changes Under Land Treataent of Hasteuater
Aoerican Society of Civil Engineers, 315 East 47th Street, New Tcrk. BT
Runicipal uastewater Mas applied to a sandy soil under crop aanagesent.
Characteristics of the Hasteuater, scil and ground«ater were seasared.
He salts showed that the soil renewed essentially all of the suspended
solids, BOD, fecal bacteria and phosphorus. Soil pH stabilized at 6.0,
«hile arornauater ?H uas in tec media te between aasteuater and bacHqround
values. Calciua tiis the dosinant exchangeable cation and passed t
the sell unchanged. Potassius was reaoyed ty the crop. The scil
provided effective buffer capacity for icn uctake. Appreciable
of nitrogen occurred in the qrour.awater . (AU)
ACC«
AUTHCS
4FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
100T3C?
Rich. I.e.
Departsent of Envircr. cental Systess Engineering, Clenson, Scuth
Cacolisa
Design Approach tc Dual-Fower Aerated Lagoons
A»erican Society of Civil Engineers, 315 East U7th street,
TcrV, By
Conpletely- and partially-suspended lagoon cells are defined and their
use ia dual-power level, nulticellular systeas is discussed. A
prccedore is presented For the design of such systems on a rational
basis .ising biokisetic coefficient data. Factors relating to the
perfocaance of these systens with respect to soluble PCD-5 and suspended
solids in the effluent are also discussed. Special attention is paid tc
cell size and nuoter, power reguirereen ts both for solids suspension and
oxygen
-------
National Conference, 1979. Ann Arbor. Hichigan (11 pages)
TEAR • 1980
TEXT : Descrioes Hichiqan experiences with onsite sanitary systess for highway
rest areas. History,, design, and efficiency of aethods used for a
variety of sites are discussed. Systems include septic tank-tile
fiplds, lagoons, septic tank-leaching pits, and a recirculatino oil
sv^teo. Field studies are being constructed fcr several techniques,
including septic ta.ik-sand filter-cverland flow, evapottanspiraticn
(ET) , Iaqo9n-seepagi- beds, laqcon-ciperload flou-El, and &
lauooo-eodified barriered landscape water renovation systeu which
provides a high degree of effluent treatsent. (SHF)
ACC9
AUTKOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
IEAB
TEXT
L001311
Hekeiq. K.S.
Danes 6 Eloore. 71C1 Wisconsin Ave.. Ste. 700. Washington, DC
natural Buffers for Sludge Leachate Stabilization
Ground Mater, 20 (H) : t.!0-Q2S (10 pages)
A study is described to quantify the esount c£ uufter area aroond c
trenching operation that uoulc! *llc« cor the natural soils to Etatili2€
sludge leacaate withcut threatening the groundwater supplies of sur-
rounding ccsauaities. The calculation of the necessary vertical taffer
is based or. the eicheriqa of cations io the unsaturated soils fcelon the
tceoch. The calculation of a horizontal buffer is based on nitrate
loadings and is a tuo-step process. The additicual nitCJte load en the
soil/aater systess resulting frois sludge entreochaent is calculated, and
this aaount is used as an input fcr an afiwection-dispersion sodel uhicti
predicts the concentration distribution of nitrates CD the qrcunduater
at a given point in tiae. Horizontal buffer widths are generally
greater than vertical buffer thicknesses. (fcO/SNF)
ACCI
f.UTHCB
AFFIL
TIIIE
SOURCE
tEAE
TEXT
L001312
Hills. J.G., Zworich, S.A.
tepartaent of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Ranitcba
Eoweeent and Loss of Nitrate Following Hea?y Applications of Sewage
Sludge to a Poorly Drained soil
Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 62(2):2«9-257 (9 pages)
19 &2
Three fields »*hich received a heavy application of digested seuage
Eludge uere studied over a 6-year r-3Ciod to detersine the accutsu ia t ion,
isoveaent arid losses of nitrate. The soils were fine-teztured and pre-
doainantly poorly drained. After an initial fallon year, the fields
uere cropped to cereals. Very high citrate concentrations were found
near the soil surface for several years. Do«n««rd BO»e»ent o£ nitrate
was very slow. There was a continuous loss of nitrate over the study
period; this aas attributed to denittification. Laboratory eiperiaents
using H were, conducted to determine the rate of denitrification and the
soil conditions that uere favorable to tne reaction. The denitrifica-
tion iatensity cf the soil profile decreased with depth, but was still
appreciable at the greatest depth. ihen oxygen diffusion in the scil
was slow and oiygen deaand was high, denitrification occurred within a
few centiaeters of the sc.il surface or an air-filled pore. Poorly
drained soils prorrote denitrificsticn and offer scue protection aqainst
the risk of nitrate pollution of groundwatec. (AU/
ACCS L001313
AUTHOR Clantcn, C.J., Anderson, J.L., Hacheeier, R.E., Hansel, H.J.
AFFIL Departsent of Agiricultural Engineericg, Soil Science Departnent,
University of Rinoesota and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
TITLE flaxiaua Loading Rates for Septage to Sails - Progress Report
SOUSCE Cn-Site Sewage Treataent - Proceedings of the Third National Sjtpcsiua
on Individual and Saall Coaounity Seuage Treataent. 1981, Aaerican
Society of Agricultural Enoineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (10 pages)
TEAB 1982
TSXT Presents an evaluation of saiimun loading Lates of septage tasefi on
nitrate aoveaent through three soil profiles. Jesuits show thet the
application rates in this studv ^ro -tcve the laxisui rate that can te
utilized by the t!vc<=-e soils studied. In the first year, soil type,
acplicat'Gii ^ates or soil depth did not result in a significant
dirfsience in total Kjeldahl nitrogen, anaonia. fecal streptococcus and
recal colifor" in the soil water saeples. However, the nitrate
concentrations were significanHy different between the soils,
application rates and soil depths. In the second year, with no
additional septaqe application, there was a significant Difference in
nitrates and total Kjeldahl nitrogen between the coils, application
rates and soil depth. (AU/SUK)
ACCI :
AUTHOE:
L00131H
fats, C.B., Pole, J.W., Hutledgs, E.H., Scott, R.D., Kitchell, D.T,
173
-------
»rriL :
TITLE :
SOURCE:
TEAS :
TEXT :
Agricultural Engineering Dept.. Agronoay Cept.. Civil Engineering Eept.,
University of Arkansas, f-yetteeiile, Arkansas
A Coaputerized Design and Siaulation Kodel for Pressure Distribution
Systeas in Sloping Septic Tank filter Fields
On-Site Seuaqe Traatneat - Proceedings of the Third National Synpcsiua
on Individual and Ssall Cosaunity Sewage Treataent. 1981, Asencan
Society of AgricuZ'ural Engineers, St. Jcseph, "ichigan (13 pages)
1982
Tests are conducted on individual orifices to observe the performance of
pressurized-aanifold distribution systeas. 4 coeputer soJel is designed
to determine the njober and spacing of the orifices and calculate the
lateral-by-lateral discharge rate and fill-up period duration for sis
different pressuriied-aanifold listribation systens. The tests show no
detectable pattera of decreasing xlou with increasing distance frco the
inlet. It is possible to design pressure distribution systeos fcr
sloping terrain sc that flow per root of lateral has aininal variation
uitb elevation. Meisuresents shou that although sloping
pressurized-aanifol'] systeas distribute effluent evenly during
steady-state operation, distribution is uneven during rill-up.
Acce
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUHCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001315
Stafford, D.A., Mheatley. B.I., Hashes. r.E.
University College, Cardiff, Hales
Anaerobic Digestion
Proceedings of the Fir.st International Synposium on Anaerobic Digestion,
held at University College, Cardiff, Wales, Septesker 1979 {510 pages)
The proceedings froa the First (1979) International Syuposiua on
Anaerobic Digestion is presented in tire parts. Part one is a
description of the anaerobic digestion process. Part two provides the
aicrobioloqical aspect of anaerobic digestion. Parts three and foor
discuss the control and feedstocks of anaerobic digestion, respectively.
Part five is a worldwide survey of digester systeas, together aith newer
types currently under developaent. (S'«'F)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUKCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001316
Hard, G.D.
Georgfe D. Hard C Associates, Envircneental Consulting Engineers,
Portland, Oregon
Cnsite Treataent, Disinfection and Disposal of Septaqe
Individual Onsite Kastewater Systess - Proceedings of the Eighth
National Conference, 1981, Ann icbor Science PubliKhers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, Michigan (13 pages)
1982
Explores onsite line stabilization of septage followed ty onsite
disposal. Mix requireaents, Use addition and pathogen rereoTal are
defined. Application of this approach in an onsite uastewater
aanageaent district wa? saqgested as potentially viable following the
de»elopucD» of liqhtueiil't airing ani" soni tori ng eguiijeent. (S«F)
ACC* L001317
AUTHOR Hill, W.F.
AFFIL VSP Wasteaater Technology, Engineering and Technical Services,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
TITLE Rehabilitation of Onsite Systeas
SOURCE Individual Onsite Masteuater Syste»s - Proceedings of th° Eighth
National Conference, 1981, &nn Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, Michigan (12 pages)
HEAR 19fi2
TEXT Discusses systen cnsite failure eyaluatioi and rehabilitation using the
proprietary PORCX (hydrogen peroxide) treetnent process and uasteuater
flow reduction measures. Outlines factors that should be considerecd in
deciding uhether the PCHOX treztaent process is the aost appropriate
solution. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TSXT
L001316
HA
KA
Bacteria Solve Problens Created by Prisoners
Public works, 1982 (1 fage)
1 982
A high biological orygtn demand in a 52,500 gallon per day lagoon and a
aassive grease buildup in both lines ana the lagoon were eliuinatea by
the use of sodiua nitrave and a bacterial agent. Sodiui nitrate was used
to reoiygenate the systea, and DCB Plus froa Flow Laboratcrits, a
freeze-dried bacterial culture in a nutrient co»pound, was usea to
digest grease and solids. After restoring pond function without
draining it, the bacterial suppleoent was added en a daily basis. The
174
-------
preventative aaintenance program was Instituted to pre»eat future sjstes
failure due to toxic discharge or biological overloading. (SWF)
ACC8
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAP
TEXT
— Reprint File
L001319
HA
Hi
Bibliography
Biological daste Hanagesent and Organic Resources Lab., Agricultural
EcviroDBental Quality Institote, U.S. Oept. of Agriculture, Beltsville,
HD^iB pages)
Presents a bibliography of the Biological Baste Panageaent and Organic
Hesources Laboratory, Agricultural Environaental Quality Institute, U."~.
Dept. of Agriculture. Publications consider land tceateent of
uasteuater and sludqt fros c'oiaestic and industrial sources. Presents
the 201 facility plans in alphabetical order fcy author. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOH
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAR
TEXT
L001320
SilFerean, L.
Aeerican Clean Hater Association, Wasinqton, BC
Politics of Bastesater
Individual Cusite Hasteuater Systeas - Proceedings of the Eighth
Rational Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, Hichiqan (6 pages)
1982
Political de&elopsents in uastewater can infloence the profitability acd
success of saall uasteuater BanageBent systems. The politics of
nast«?Bater, as it affects onsite uastenater aanaqeBent afid water
conservation industries, is divided into six categories: 1) governient
Srocuretaent, 2) standara setting aad code reqelatioa, 3S grants and
oan proqraas, «) federal tas policy, 5) research, and *>) public
education and training. (AU/SUF)
ACC»
AOTHOfi
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUfiCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOCI 321
Ciololi, P. A.
Hoy F. Heston, Inc., Vest Chester, Pennsylvania
Issues and Steps Involved in Developing Ranagenent Prograes
Individual Onsite Mastewater Systess - Proceedings of the Eighth
Bational Conference. 1981, Ann After Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, Michigan (10 pages)
1882
Defines the issues that a cosBunity oust address in developing an onsite
uastewater oanagement progras. The analysis cf technical and
institutional issue1" provides the reader with what Bust be considered to
establish .-. saccesstul uanaqeaent program. (Sh'F)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
IC01322
hd
Tiianqle J. Council of Cover naents, P.O. Eoi 12276, Research triangle
Park, North Carolina
Individual Nc. -Urban Vast^water Treotaent and r
-------
»UTHOF:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT :
Colin, F.P.
CepartF.tnt of Horticulture. University cf Haryland. College Park,
fiaryland
Conifer Tree Seedling Response to Nursery Scil isended with Ccspcsted
Sewage Sludge
: HortScieace 1 2 («) : 3«1-3<«2 (2 pages)
Describes gersinaticn and growth of Ncrway spruce and white pine scun in
teds treated with three levels 9f screened and unscreened coepost saJe
froo viood chips ana deeateced digested seuaqe sludge. Seedlings ct
Noruar spruce produced locqer ^eas with screened cosposted slodge or
fertilizer. Bore seedlings ot .kite pine were produced by using
unscreened coaposted sewage Eludqe. Soils aeecded with coapcsted sewage
sludge had higher pH, eacnesiun an(*. phosphorus than those top-dressed
with fertilizer ana sulched with pine sawdust. (SWF)
ACC» LC01325
AUTHOR Sieqrist. R.L., Beyle, B.C.
AFFIL Departaent of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Kisconsin-fladison
TITLE Onsite Reclamation of Residential Gieywater
SOURCE On-Site Sewage Treatsent - Proceedings of the Third National Syapcsiue
on Indisidoai and Ssall Coonunity Se<-age Treateent 1981, Aserican
Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan (11 pages)
TEA R 1962
TEST SuBoarizes a field study of four household greyaater septic task/sand
filter treatment syotess. Defines greyaater generation an£
characteristics along Kith the perforaaoce of two sand filter tons
operated under two dosing scheaes and different textured sand
coluanars operated under different loading rates. Results characterize
greywater stability and the iepact of high loading rates and high
frequency dosing on pej_f oriaance and filter run tiaes. (SUF)
ICCI
AUTHOG
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAfl
TEXT
L001326
Harper, £.D, Hirsch, n.S., Rote, C.H., Rutledge, E.P., Scott, B.C.,
Hitchell, D.T.
Sqronoay Cepartraent, Engineering Departsent, Civil Engineering,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
Perforsance of Three Modified Septic Tank Filter Fields
On-Site Sewage Treatiaent - Proceedings of the Third National Syaposiua
en Individual and Small Coasunity Seuage Treateent 1981, Anerican
Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, Kichigan, p. 187-196
(10 paces)
1962 '
Three acdified standard filter fields uitl. pressure distribution systess
in soils with fraqipans (ieper»ious subsoil horizons) are observed under
stressful op>erating conditions. The seepage beds ate placed in the
soderately perteeatle upper part of the subsoil, with fill placed above
the systen. (Sfa'F)
ACCS
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLS
SOURCE
YEAR
TE'.T
LOC1327
Cliver, D.O.
Univerity of Wisconsin-Hadison
Departstent of Bacteriology. , ._
•fasteuater: Esergent Environaental and Health Issues
Individual Onsita Mast*=water Systems - Proceedinas of the Eighth
National Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor. Hichigan (12 pages)
1982
Eeergent envitoneental and health issues in the area of onsite
wastewater treutnent and disposal are discussed. The issues include:
the public's perceptions of uastewater and the need to reuse it; the
conventional septic tank-soil field system, which has not been studied
adequately; fate of viruses and other pathogens in onsite waste
treatuent: the protection of groundwater; regulation of onsite waste
treataent, including evaluation of sites before construction, eonitcring
of systeas after construction, developsent and application of innovative
waste tre».te»nt techniques, and the associated probleiss of planning and
controllec land uce; and onsite waste handling systens products, such as
septaqe and its proper disposal. (AU/SVF)
ACCS L001326
AUTHOR Kornick, S.E., et al ,
A/FIL Agricultural Environsent Quality Institute, Beltsville Agricultural
Research Center-West, Beltsville. tlaryland
TITLE Use of Sewage blud^e Coepost for Soil Inprovooent and Plant Growth
SOURCE Agricultural Environnental Quality Institute, Beltsville Agricultural
Research Center-West, Beltstille, Maryland (12 pages)
YEAR 1979
YEAR 197y
176
-------
TEXT : Ibis report discusses the properties ani oses of sewage sludge coapost
foe soil inproveaent and foe plant . couth including (1) establJ shaen t ,
•aintenar.ce. and production of tarfqrass and sod, (2) use in vegetable
gardens. (3) production of field ctcps and forage glasses, (i») use en
nursery crops and ornamentals, aad (5) reclaaaticn and leveqetaticn cf
disturbed lands. Recoeaendaticns are provided as to tine, aethods, and
rates of coepost application for different soils and nana-jesent
practices. (AU)
ACCI : LOC1329
AUTHOR: Ki
AFFIL : MA
TITLE : Westacreland: Organization of yater aad Sewerage Depurtnent
SOURCE: iitvac: The Vacuua Seworaqe Systets, Rochester, Indiana (U pages)
TEIT : Cives the orqanizatjon of personnel and equipaent for the vacous
collection systera at Hestaorelan<>. Tennessee. Hestacreland has UGO
AIBWAC values in operation s>erv\ag acp rciiaately 550 hoires and 2
schools. Delegation of duties for the 3-san water and sewerage
departaent in Hestnoreland define the basic cjerational requireeents fcr
a vacuun seuer. Tables gi»inq pcuer coDso»pticn provide operating cost
inforeaticn. (AU/SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
LOCI 330
Calichoan, S.
Health Director, Town of A.cton. Fassachasetts
Septage fianaqeaent: Cne Town's Experience, Actoi, Massachusetts
Individual Onsite Hasteuater Systeus - Proceedings of the Eighth
Hational Conference,, 1981, Ann Artec, nichigan (9 pages)
1982
The e»olution of septage BaDaqeBeot fcr the town or Acton,
Hassachusetts, is discussed. Septaqe disposal in shallow lagoons
replaced shallow pits ID 197F, and a full-tiee site attendent was hired.
A laqcon systeia drains into a sand filter bed when sludge builds of tc a
depta of 12-11 inches. The sludge is ccsposted subsequent to air
drying. Groundwater studies hare shoua iagoon 2nd sand filter regoval
efficiencies cf ccliforas tc be 99.99S; the percentaae re«o»al of nany
cheaicals tested was 85% or better. Inor9anic constituents are net
considered a problea hut »olatiles analysis revealed high levels cf
orqaaics which say require additional action in the future to address
this problen. (AU/S«F)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOJRCE
TEXT
L001331
Seitzinqer, K.3.
Fri»ate Consultant, Citrus Heights, California
Beyond I/A Technology: The Legal and political Constraints
Individual Onsite Mastewatfer Syr.teas • proceedings of the Eighth
Kationdl Conference, 1981, Ann Artcr, Ann Arfccr Science Publishers,
Inc., lichigan (10 pages)
1932
Describes the lecjal and political issues related to ijplerertation cf
I/A alternatives. Discusses the liability of public agencies acccrding
to the reasonableness of their actions ana iodividual rights tc use
their property. accent cases which address these issues are cited alcng
with a warning to public agencies to be prepared to defend their
rosition on liaited application cf I/A technologies.
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOl'SCE
KEAR
TEXT
L001J32
Soreau. E.R.
Wastewater and Plusbing Control Proqraa, "ept. of Huaan Services,
Division of Health Engineering, Augusta, laine
Subsurface Uastewater Disposal Systus - Hesedies and Prevention of
Fai lures
Individual Onsite Mastewater Systeas - Proceedings of the Eighth
national Conference, 1381, Ann Artcr Science Publishers, Ire., Ann
Arbor, Michigan (18 pages)
1982
Cescrites site evaluation procedures according tc flaine's pluubing ana
subsurface disposal rules. A s tep-by-stei. procedure for evaluating the
site and inhouse wastewater use prcvides the investigator wit"./ the «eans
of Jefi.iing the cause of systea failure. Sua^ests corrective neasures
for the nore coisson causes of onsite systes failure. (S«F)
ACCI :
7UTHOR:
AFFH :
TITLE :
SOUSCE:
L001333
Jcrdan. E.J.
fcaste Treataent Products Division, Thetfcrd Corporation, Ann Arbcr,
Michigan
Wastewater Recycling — Cost-E f f ect i ve CnsitG Treatment
ite Jas
Individual Onsi
Jastewatcr 5yste«s - Prccetdir.gs of the Eighth
177
-------
TEAR
TEXT
National Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Artor, Hichiqan (<3 pages)
A shopping center's water recycling treatnent systea consists of
biological treatment, ultrafiltration arid water poHshinq. The
systen
requirenents. (SWF)
ACCl
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
5CUBCE
YEAri
TEXT
1001331
Haitn, C.A., Koeniq, A., Loucks, D.F.
Cornell University. Ithaca, Kew York
Preliminary Design of iiasteHcter Land Application Systess
Journal Hater Pollution Control Federation, 19 (12):2371-2379 (9 pages)
1977
Presents 3 satheoatical model for the detailed planning or preliBinary
design of land application systens. ?iass balance equations describe th«
dvnaaics of nitroqen and uater in storage facilities and in the scil tc
which the wasteuater is applied. The cost-.af f ect iveness oodel for a
.spray irrigation systen cannot be solved for the l^ast-cost design
directly; it is readily adapted to a procedure for estinatinq the costs
and performance of alternative preliainary designs. A saaple protlen
using the design eodel evaluates 11 alternatives.
ACCl
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOCI 335
Flews, C.
On-Site Haste Disposal, Washington State Departeent of Social and Health
Services, Olyspia. Mashioqton
Probable Benefits of Flow Reduction ani/or Modification for Individual
Baste«ater Treataent Systeas
Proceedings of Northwest Or.-Site Haste Mater Disposal Short Course,
Deceafcer 869, 1976, University of .ashington. p« 62-C5 (in pages)
The quantity and quality of wasteuater frcn varicus in-hoose activities
are Eeasored and presented in tabular and graphical fore. According to
findings, the two greatest water uses in the hcne are for toilet
flushing and clothes washing. Reducing uastewater volutie can have a
beneficial effect on liquid acceptance rates for standard systens used
in narqinsl scils. An appendix lists «asteuater flow reduction service
available for the hose. (AU/SUF)
ACC« L001336
AUTHOR Johnson, !>., Ahluualia, G.
AFFIL Envircnsental Controls CoreiBittee. national Association of Hose Builders
TITLE National Association of Hose Builders Sewer Moratccia Survey
SOUaCE National Association of rioae Builders, 15th an<3 B Street, N.y.,
Hashinqtoa, DC (b6 pages)
TEAF 1979
TEXT This report DY the National Association cu Home Guilders describes the
extent and nature of sewer ooratoria (cegulatory action tenporarily
lisitinq housing construction due to inadequate treatoent or collection
facilities) in the United States in 1979. The study, which solicited
responses froai local governBents and building contactors, had three
phases: identifying localities with seuer aoratoria, listing causes and
characteristics of aoratcria, and assessing their iapact on hose
buildinq. Survey results are compared with a 1976 U.S. Dept. of Housing
and Urban Development study. Responses shou. that nany of the
jurisdictions (27S) surveyed do not persit the use of alternative seuage
disposal, collection and treatment systems. Alternative sjsteas
receivinq the oost favorable response from local jurisdiction and
builders include oultiple hoee septic tanks and packaqe plants. A tatle
sueaarizes the builder's and local jurisdiction's response to ten
alternative systeos. (SWF)
ACCt
AUIHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCZ
YEAE
TEXT
L001337
Grayscn, S.C., Olive, D.F., Steinbeck, 3.J.
Septage Study, Division of Health Services and Sanitation Branch,
Division ot Health Cervices, Raleigh. North Carolina
The North Carolina Septage Study, July 1982
Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch of tne Horth Carolina Division of
dealth Services, (200 pages)
1982
Examines the generation, noveaent and disposal methods for septage in
North Carolina. Investigators distributed questionnaires to aastewater
treatment plant operators, local health departaents and households, and
then interviewed households within 9ne county. Considers aethods of
collection, handlinq, and disposal in all counties of North Caroline..
178
-------
(AU/SHF)
ACC»
AUTSOR
AFFIL
TITLE
S009CF
TEAa
TEXT
LOC1338
John, S.F.
Randolph C Associates. Inc.. 1501 ». Hater Street, Decdtur, Illinois
Wastewater Clusters, A Case Study cf Haynesville, Illinois
Illinois Environaental Health Jounal, 8(3):U-15 (7 piges)
1980
Describes the planning an
-------
Discusses functions, powers, eligibility and prcbleas of the sanaqesent
entity. Outlines the current Washington State program in detail; this
proqraa is priearily concerted with the operation and aaintenance
aspects. (S«IF)
ACCI LOOUQ3
AUTHOR Lustiq. K.U.
AFFIL Panhandle Health District 1, Idaho
TITLE Effects of b'asteuatei on Groundaater: An Idaho Experience
SOURCE Proceedings of 2nd Kcrthuest Cu-site Hastewater Eisposal Short Course,
University of Washington. Rarch 162. 1973 (7 pages)
I£AB 1979
TEXT Describes a well eonitoring prograe cf the Rathrus Aguifer in Idaho
along with the aquifer's flow and general pattern. filtrate levels
significantly increased o«er the last si* years since the area
experienced intense housing development which eiclusively utilized
individual subsurface sewage disposal aethods. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOfc
4FFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
10013UU
Otis, B.J.
Oept. of Civil anfi Emrircnsental Enqineerinq, University of Wisconsin,
Haiiscn, Hisconsin
Aerobic Household Sastewater Treatsent Units
Proceeding of 2nd Korthaest Cn-Site Uasteaater Disposal Short Course.
University of Hashiaqton, Borch 162. 1978 (17 pages)
1978
Ccapaces acd contrasts biological processes, effluent quality and
warlability, operating and nalntenance costs and total annual costs
associated with conetntioaal suspended growth and attached qrouth
systees, seall aerobic hoasehold uastewater treatsent wastes and septic
tank absorption field systeas. Stresses the use of intersittent and
recirculdtlr.q sand filters as a process that increases performance of
systees with highly variable effluents. Concludes that when operating
properly, the effluent gaality free all the systess can te characterized
by lou organic and suspended Batter- Ko«e»er, eicept for interoittect
or recirculatinq sand filters, their perforsance is highly variable due
to periodic upsets of botd a sechanical and biological nature.
(4U/StlF)
ACCS LC013K5
AUTHOB US-EPA
AFFIL £PA Water Planning Division (WH-55K), 101 « Street, S.H., Washingtoo,
CC
TITLE 208 Data Clearinghouse
SOURCE 206 Jata Clearinghouse. June 1979. Vol. U, EPS tester Planning Division
(«H-55t). «01 K Street, S.l/.. Hashingtcn, DC 20^60 (12 pages)
YEAH 1979
TEXT A 208 Data Clearinghouse hit1iography includes sose sreall flows-related
citations under the categories of uastelo^d allocations, water quality
goals and miscellaneous technical reports. It includes an alphabetical
index of state and areawide agencies and their telephone nuobers.
(iU/SWF)
ACCI LOC130&
AUTHOR Coolter. H.G.
AFFIL CHS Rotordisk., Inc.
TITLE Off Sewer A.. W . W . T .-P.BL Based STSteas
SOURCE Southern Graphics L1S, *102 - 11U71 Elacksnith Place, Fichacnd, B.C.
VTE 4K9 (2 ?ages)
TEAE 1962
TEXT Coopares the rotating bioloaical contactor (RBC) paclcage plant and the
extended aeration package plant in teros cf process stability,
•ecnanical sisplicity and reliability. (SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUF.CE
TEAR
TEXT
L0013a7
Eennett, E.B., Linstedt, K.D.
Dept. of Civil, Environnfent.-i and Architectural Engineering, University
of Colorado, Boulder
ET Systess for Individual Home Wasteuater Disposal
Proceedings of 2nd Xor-hwest On-site Hastouater Disposal Shcrt Course,
university of Hashington. f!arch 1 6 2, 1978 (3H pages)
1973 . t
An EPA-sponscred studr of evapotranspiration teds eiaaines variations in
loading rate, surface cover water depth and other design parameters
under anbiett weather conditions occurring in Bouldei, Colorado.
Includes a sieve analysis of the sand and the results of the capillary
rise test. Provides a graphic description of results. Loading criteria
should be based on evaporation rate minus precipitation during January
180
-------
through Hay. The use of »egatative cover oa a bed dees not produce
significant increases in allowable leading rate fcr Bcn-discharginq teds
tor permanent hoots. The selection cf sand used en a ted is eery
important.. Provides design methods and cost analyses. (AU/SBF)
ACC» 10013UB
AUTHOE Water Supp) //Conservation Proqraa Staff
AFFIL Hen England River Basins CoBsission, Bostoa, Massachusetts
TITLE Before the Hell Buns Dry: A Handbook for Designing a Local Hater
Conservation Plan
SOUBCE Proceedings of the national Watar Conservation Conference on Publicly
Supplied Potable Hater. April T4-15, 1981, Denver, CO {13 pages)
X E A ft iVEj^f
TEXT: Suoaarizes for design a local water conservation plan in a seven-step
procedure. The procedure deals priaarily with water sopply prcbless;
houever, with certiin sodif ications it can be applies to other prcbless
as aell. The sever, steps include the following: 1) Identify
problem/establish conservation goal; 2) flssess potential of supply
•anageaent; 3) Analyze cost-effectiveness an'.st test and the flow ->et analysis. Tables
include drainfield sizing oethods utilized by various states, a
cosparison of loading rates suggested by investigators, and U.S. Public
Health Service absorpt-'.on-a tea reguiteraen ts for individual residences.
The author notes that the test aethcd fcr sizing drainfields should te
sinple, reproductible, objective and inexpensive to pecfore, «nd it
should provide a rational basis for aost designs. Concludes that eicept
for heavy clay-typf. r>oils and. very coarse sands, loading rates of
between U.Q and 5.7 gallons per square foot have bter ssown to te
181
-------
acceptable. (AU/SWF)
ACC* LOC1352
AUTHOR Wi-inefcerqer. J.T.
AFFIL Office at Appropriate Technoloqy. 133C 10th Street, Sacraaento,,
California
TITLE Suitafcility of On-site Hastenatei Cispo^al Systeas Along California's
Coast
SOOBCE Office of Appropriate Technology, 1530 10th street, Sacraseoto,
California (21 paqes)
TEAR 1976
TEXT: The aether expresses aanaqament, engineering, legislative, and
educational opinions related tc casite systess in California's coastal
areas. He addresses the probleas associate.-! with separating authority
and responsibility at the local-regional interlace, presents a tatle
illustrating variations in or.site regulations and practices in five
California counties, discusses professional resistance to
inno7dti«e/ol ternat ive design, anj sugqtsts a need fcr wore fcraal
education in onsite systeuss. (AU/SKFJ
ACCl
AUTHOR
ATfIL
TITLE
SOCRCE
JEAB
TEXT
LOCI 353
Theiler, D.F.. Schuff, R.G.. Hitt. n.C., HcCutcheon. C.L..
J.T. , Hade, H. E.
The Siqord Olson Environoental Institute, Horthland College, Ashland,
uasteuater Treatnent e Disposal for Ssall CoosBnities: A Training
FrocjraK
The Si«7uri Cisco Environiental Institute, Northland college, Ashland, HI
paqes,
This tcainioq Banual is designed for federal, state, and local personnel
charged Bith the responsibility of planning and reviewing facilities
plans for snail corasunities. Sections include: facility planning,
public participation, use of soils, en-site systeB design, septage
sanaqfcser.t acd disposal, land disposal, alternative collectiofl systees,
cODtferticnal trejtsent systeas, and institutional and Banageeect
technolcgies. (SUF)
ACCt LOCI 354
AUTHOB Stooe, P... Kahle, R., Roulands, J.
AFFIL Ralph Stone and Company, Inc., 1095« Saata Hoaica PoulevarJ, Los
Acqeles, California
TITLE Alternative yast=«ater Treataent Approaches for Small CouBunlties
Voluts^, I and II
SOUBCE finlph Stone and. Company, Inc., 1095^ Santa Monica Bonlevard, Los
Acqeles, California (30'4 paqns)
YEAR 1962
TEXT Alternative uastewater treatoent systeas (both on- and off-site uere
evaluated at u3 sites for cost-cffeeti*er,ess, eneray requiresents,
envircneentai iepacts, oociai inpscts and effects en flora and fauna.
The sites studied were esasples and do not represent a scientific
saBple. Technical, institutipnal and policy incentives and barriers to
alternative systeas are described. alternative technologies studied
include: inprovinq existing septic tank systeas; surface and subsurface
soil treatsent; intereittent sand filters, subserged rock, filters, total
containment (a lagoon systeu for atea^ "ith high evacoration-percclaticn
rates: inpona particulate reaoval {inducing aquaculture); improved CGH
at existing treataent plants; special tcilets; onsite udstewater
•jnaqeaent districts; pressure sewers; and vacuum sewers. Separate
appendix defines objectives, scope and nethods: state and Iccal
alternative prograas foi snail coieunities; an! sv.
(SWF) H *
survey background data.
ACC» L001355
AUTHOT. Fenn, D.B.
AFFIL U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, P.estcn, Virginia
TITLE Soil fcater: Chapter 5
SOURCE national Handbook of Recosaended ."ie'.hoos for Water - Data Acquisition,
Office of Udfer Data Coordination, U.S. Geological Survey, RS-U17
National Center, Reston, ¥A (9 pages)
IEAS 1982
TEXT : Identifier reconnended nethods by the U.S. Geological Survey for
measuring soil water and lists sources that describe these methods in
detail. The reco»«ended aethods fcr characterizing soil water apply to
the upper oce to two meters of the scil. Covers the following soil
water areas: content, potential, retention, aoveuent and quality
control. (AU/SWF)
182
-------
HCCt
AUTHOB
kTTll
TITLE
SCUECe
YEAH
TEXT
LC01356
U.S. EFA
U.S. EPA
The Alternative is Conservation
FBD-12. General Services Ada j nist rat ion (SPFS) . CeotC2li2ei: Hailing
Msts Services. Builcioq 41. Denver Federal Center. Cen er. Colorado (39
cages)
1180
This teit is a companion guide to "The Alternative is Ci js«sr»atioo," a
20-ainute color production, available in either 3/a Inc'- vitSeocessette
or in t6 as file. Hater conservation and sanagesent 5 LVtegies can help
to solve a coBeunity"s water probleBs. Conservation ts an alternative
to the traditional expansion of supply and treatseist for seeding uatsr
needs. Five aajor nays to protect tha water researcfe incltsu-}: 1} land
use controls, 2) keeping Bastes froa thfe uiste sjstes, 35 sclid Haste
disposal controls, uj hazardous chesical use 2C
-------
*CC» L001360
iUTHOB Harris, 5.E., Reynolds, J.h.. Hill. C.i., Filip, 0.5., "iddlebrooks,
»rriL Ut^h State University. l<:qan. Utah
TITLE Jnteralttent Sand Filtration for Upgrading Waste Stabilization Pond
tffluents
SOOIiCE Journal of Mater Pollution Control Federation, p. 63-102 (20 pages)
TEfeh 1977
TEIT Froa research contacted on pilot scale intersittsnt sand filters by Utah
State University, it appears that lagooo effluents eajr te econosically
polished to satisfy the requireseats of PI 92-500. The following
conclusions ate Lased on data presenter! in the paper: 1} leagth cf
filter run is related to the iatl-jeot susnende-i solids concentration and
the hydraulic loading rate; 2} length of filter run Js also related to
algal qcoath in the standing water al'Ove the filter; 3) intermittent
sand filters can produce an effluent with BOD and suspended solids
concentrations of less than 10 aq/1, and a volatile suspended sciias
coacantrations of less than 5 asj/l, 8) winter cpecatton of t*te filters
did not create any serious operational prcbless; houe«er» winter
effluent quality was slightly lower than warn weather effluent quality:
and 5) hydraulic loading rates of 3,700 tc 5,6CO cubic seters/tia-d {C.M
to 0.6 egad) appear to be optinua fcr the single stage intsroittent sand
filter. (AOJ
icci
AUTHOfl
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001361
UiEBall, K.C.. Cictcli, P.S.
Uestoo Env.U-OBBent.il Consnltants, Pfct Chester, Fennsylaania
Hanaqeaent of filtetnati«e Systems: Issues, Prcbleos, Constraints an(2
Opportunities
Individual Onsite Basteaater Systees - Frcceedings of the Sixth Rational
Conference, 1979, Ann 4rbor Science Publishers, Inc., Acn Arbor, KI, (15
pages)
1980
Different approaches to deselcpina oanaqesent prcgraes for cnsite eni
ssall cOKBUEity wasteaater systeBs ace illustrated. Sased en a study its
progress sponsored by U.S. EPA, eiptriencos in nine coBoanltles are
described. Sii of the case stoJi.es involve sanaqement cf individual
systecs, includinq septic tank-irain£ielc systems, as well as
alternative onsite systeas. Tha other three ace csanples of coauunitT
systeas involving IOK pressure seaets and clustered tresteent. (AU/SWF)
»CC«
AUTHOB
ACFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEIT
1001362
Laak, R.
Departeent o£ Civil Engineering, University of Connecticut, Stcrrs,
Connecticut
Integtatinq Orsite Systee Cesiqn intc Sjfiitary and Environseatal
Curricula
Individual Onsite Vsste Water Srstens - Fcoceedi 1195 of the Eighth
National Conference, 1981, Ann krtcr Science Publishers, Inc., 'nn
Arbor, Michigan (1 pages)
1982
Decrites how a course in Seall Flows Technology. "«aste«ater EMj
for "Jnsewered Areas," was integrated into the Civil Engineering cur-
riculun at the University of Connecticut. The subject Bitter was de-
veloped from a uiJe variety of sources and froe different scientific
fields. Eecause the saterial was too voluminous to include in other
graduate courses, it was developed as a separate course. (AB/SWF)
ACCf
AUTHOR
AFFIi
TITLE
SOOBCE
YEAB
TEXT
L001363
Barber, n.E., Cray, C.D.
Hydraulics and Systees Enaineeiinq Area, School of Engineering, Pardae
University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Hydraulics and Systeos Engineering: Co»puter Aided Desion of Prtssuie
Sanitary Seweraqe Systeas
Report No. CE-HSE-82-3, Hydraulics and Systeas Engineering Area, Schccl
of Engineering, Purdue University. West Lafaycttt, IN U7907 (88 pages)
1 982
This report presents a Fortran cc»puter program (PSDP) foe the design cf
pressure sanitary sewerage systems according to the design criteria and
procedures recoaaended by Enviroaaent/One Corporation; Hydrosatic Pases
Division of Wylain. Inc.; or SIECO, Inc. The user specifies the layout
of i non-looping sewer network and the prograa selects the pice sizes
neeJed to aeet the design criteria and assure efficient coeration. This
report explains the algorithss and describes the i..put procedures used
in PCCP. Design eranples are presented and a cctplete listing of the
prograa is provided. Suggestions fcr further developeent are offered.
(AU)
ACC«
L00136U
184
-------
iUTHOB: tope. P., Colt, J., Ludwig, H.
ITflL : University of Ciliforiiia, Davis, California
TITLE : The Use and Potential of A^u«tic Species for Hastewater Treateent:
The Environaeatal Sequireaents of Crustaceans, Appendii C
SCtHCE: California state watte Sesources Control Board, Sacraaento, California
(175 pages)
TEAR : 1981
TEXT : Saiaarlzes selected references dealing with the environaental
requiceeents of potential crustacean sosicles to te used for the
treatsent of Maslewatcc. The overall bibliography is organized with sii
aaior stctioas de^liaq «it(s 1) general Jintrodoctory eaterial on each
species, 2) effects ot physical paraecters, 3) effects of cheoical
paraaeters, H) effects of setabalic wastes, 5) effects of biological
paraaeters, apoi 6) yield aad cr.eaical ccspositicn data. A section en
standard referoaccs that are applicable to a uueter of individual
subject areas is Deluded. Author, species, and subject iadeies are
provided. --»•-—
»CC»
AUTHOR
irrn.
TITIE
SOU9CE
IE4H
TEXT
L001365
s*
L.
Legal Battle 0»er Septage Disposal
BioCycle. 23 (Q) : 34-3!> 12 pegesl
Because of difficulties if. qainiag public accept«ncc» *fae Fenasyl«anta
Liquid Haste Maulers Association (PLMHA) have united to bring atcut
positive legislation and greater public rasponsttility in septage
utilization such as land •application.- Three goals ace: 1) total
cooperation betae.on agricultural and environmental enforcenent grcaps
and the haulers; ;>) crograss to educate tho public la the practice of
agricultural application of sludge; 3) haviag th* U5DA tecose involved
io elioindticg the illegal dtiaping of sludge; acd «} inrl-jding a nujter
of liquid waste operators ic governmental adwiscry conaittees. (SHF)
ACC« 1001366
AUTHOR ~eske-HG
AfFIL Office of Environmental Mcalth, Illinois Dent, of PuClic Health, Caricn,
Illinois
TITLE dnhanced treatsent for Surface Discharge
SOURCE Individual Onsite aaste«atec Srstess - Proceedings of the Slith Ha'ionBl
Coaference, 1976. Ann Arbor Science fublish>rs. Ice-, Ann Arbor. PI,
(S pagesj
TEAS ?97§
TEXT:
TEXT Briefly describes the following indivilual onsite uasteuater systeas
y i t h surface discharges: waste stabilization ponds, buried sand filters,
aerobic waste trea.taent systums, and in terai t ten t sand filters. The
rtcirculating sand filter is described in iiore detail. (SHF)
JCCI 1001367
AUTHOR Jones. E.E.
AfflL Sciaoce ar.d Education Adein istration Federal Besearch, EeltsviDe
Agricultural Kese^rch Center, Beltsville. rarylind
TITLE Septic Tank - Configuration versus Performance
SOURCE Proceedings of 2nd Northwest On-site tfaste«att?r Disposal Short Course,
Onivsrsity of Washington, .rarch 1 6 2, 1973 (17 pages)
TEAR 1978
TEXT A discussion of the details in the design of a septic tank addresses
voluee and solids accuaulation, sur face "area,, cos par teen tat ion, outlet
design, outlef depth, hydraulic loading and pur.ps and controls for
dosing systeus. (SUF)
ACCI LC0136B '
AUTHOR Harth, E.F.
AFFIL Xavber Engineering, Inc^, Gai thersbarg, Bcrylanfi
TITLE Sequencing Batch Reactors: Doing More Hith less
SOURCE federal Mater Quality Association Newsletter, Washington, DC (12 pages)
TEAS 1982
TEIT Advantages of batch reactors and typical design locations for the single
and multiple taafc arrangeaeats are presented. References sequencing
batch reactor research conducted at Sotre Dane en nitrification/
denitrif ication. Results cf the first full-scale, O.u f,D seguencing
batch reactor plant at Culver, Indiana, have consistently shown ECD and
suspended solids in the plant to be consistently telow 10 sg/1. A
reduction of 89 percent in inorganic nitrogen has been observed.
(AU/SHF)
ACCI
1001369
185
-------
IUTH06
TITLE
SOUBCt
IEAB
TEXT
Rich. L.C.
Mater Resources Research Institute, (.'lessen University, Cleeson, Sooth
Coreli aa
Solids Control in Effluents froa Serntei Lagoon Systeas
Coapletion Eeport. GfcST Project »o. e-lQ5-J5C. Hater Resources Research
Institute. ClaK&on University, Cleescn. South Carollea (113 pages)
I " / 8
Describes (1) a field investigation of the perforeaece of existing
aerated lagoon systess. (2j a laboratory investigation of the settlieq
characteristics ot bacterial bioeat solids in suspensions nith
concentrations siailat to those enccuctered ir aetated lagoon effluents,
ar.d (31 an engineering stud? to develop criteria for the design cf
aerated Aaqoon systees capable of ieftoved perfcrmaace with respect tc
effluent suspended soli is. (AU/S«F»
tCO
IOTKCE
AfflL
TITLE
SOURCE
tE&B
tilt
LOOJ370
Govecoeseat Finance Research Centec
Governaent Finance Research center. Pest, Kartticfe. Bitchell 6 Co.,
Hashington, EC
Financial Capability Guidebook
Goserneent Finance fersearch Centei, Peat. narvick. nitchell C Co.,
aashinqton. DC. 1982 (73 paqes)
1982
the rieanclal Capacity Guidebook is designed tc assist a coazanlty is
effectively allocating public funds in the coastructioa of uasteustet
facilites. It caa assist ccaeuaities with populations cf 10,000 cr less
that 1) preside service caly with a single jurisdiction or sanitary
district, and b) cepreseat aa iadepeodeat sersict « rec uithia a rtqior.al
STstea. Worksheet topics induce a delineation t;{ Iccal gowernaer.t
roles and responsibilities eakiag a casts estiaai-e, analjzinc operation
and aainteaaece, fisanciBcj the faciiitit-s, detecsioiBq annual costa cer
households, assessing the ccacuaitT*s debt history, and evaluating th«
cosaunitj's financial situation. (
4CCI
*DTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TfAB
TEXT
1001371
Kloser, P.C.. Schuidt, H.5.
General Development Utilities, Inc., Hlatsi Flcri<3a
The Operation and FiainteDance of the Suliur banaer (STEP) Systeo
Individual Cr.site Masteuater Srstees - t'roceedi RQS ot the Siith Batiooal
Conference, 1973, ^nn firbor Science Publishers, lac., Ann Arbcr,
Kicbigan, (7 paqea)
1979
tiscusses the ad v
-------
YEAH : 1979
TEXT : The «o»eaent of water into the «lr by n grass-covered evapctranspirstica
IET) ted was deterained to be an effective leans of wasteaater dispose!
IB the Cheesapefike bay area. Frotless dssociated with operation aad
BAintecance of £7 sycteis. dtsiJB considerations, and ted constructicr,
uere stresses. Secoeuended sizing of an ET ted for this geographic area
is J.i as/day of watfc' {0.06 gpd/f y2) for a grass-covered teS. »
lineu lt»d for coaplete evapotr
-------
ACCl
AUTHOR
Arm
TITLE
SOUfcCt
TEAB
TEXT
L001277
Kassey. D.T.
Natural eesouice FconoeicE Division of Economics, Statistics, end
Cooperative Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Legal Issues Associated with Laud Application of Rsaicipal
Chapter V
Natural Resource Econoeics r.ivision of Icunoaics, Statistics, end
Cooperative Service, U.S. D«jf-t. of Agrlcaitcce (J7 pages)
Tbe purpose c,i this paper is to identify asid decctibe the leqal issues
at both the federal and state levels associated «ith laad application of
•uoicipal uasteuaters and the effects lana application systEss have OB
private wster ri-jhts under the lau. The specific provisions of federal
»ater pollutioo ccatroi legislation ao(J U.S. Eavitoaeental Fcotectico
Ageacy (EPA) regulations that encourage and aid loud tioar.B«rjt arc
discJS*«-d. Statutes and adoinistratise rules, cegalatiCBS, staodardr,
criteria, and guidelines applicable to lane! t.reataent in cese statpa ar«
eur/eied to evaluate their status cf development and to ^ratrlde e^asples
of methods used to r«?<3uce water pollut'.op ae)c analyses of the icpacts o'f
on an actual planned ievei.opeen t . (SBf)
ACCl
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
1001380
Stanford, G.
Greenhilis Environiental Centtr, Cedar Kill, Texas
The Hooe Moodlot as ,. Hulti-Porpose Facility for Treatment and Disposal
of Domestic Hastes
Aierican Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph. Michigan (6
?ages)
978
The use and •anaqeaect of a coppiced plartaticn (revegetated stuBtwccdl
for treatment, and disposal of doeestic wastes is described. T*--e annLal
coppice yield is increased when irrigated and eanared with theie wastes.
ACCl
AUTMOE
AFriL
TITLE
SOUECE
TEI3
TEXT
LC013P1
Coqqer, C., Carlile, 8.L., Crbtrne, I.. Holland, E.
Berth Carolina St^te Jnirersity, Dect. of Soil Scienc, Bbleigh, RC and
Triacqle J Council of Governu^nt.!., fiei'earch Triangle Park, fec
Oesign and Installatin of Low-Pressir° Pipe Baste Treataent Systems
UNCA Sea Crant Coll«'(;'3 PrograB, '; 0 S 13i1 flqil^iP", ScrtS Carolina Slate
University, Saleigh, MC (32 pages)
1962
This lanual is intended for use !:y satitnrlens, contractors, arcnitects,
and engineers; it covecs design, instali.4*loa, and laiatenobce ov ssall
188
-------
low-pc-assure pipe systfas (LFP) suitable for hoees and caalX businesses.
IPP is a Bcditiej septic syste* crested for use ia soils not suitable
tor onsitc sewage disposal fcy coeireBtioaal systems. Detailed
information is presided reqardiRq site and soil requirements, systeu
layout and design of dosiocj ae
-------
reviews «»•! analyzes facilities planning and eaviconaental review
cettiods tor rjral l«i* area-:.
It uses i.evee saaple projects of this type tc present specific
recosadndatioQS abo-jt developa-iat ac<3 nanagesent of cs-site an3 stall
scale alternatives to congestions! uastenattr treatnent. It recoBscads
specific aethods to docuBtsat project aeed and uater quality ispact. It
concludes that uhereecr continued cferat.cn of a substantial percertage
of eiisticq spstens is feasible, a *a5te«ater aanagt>aeat jrogrEe fcaseo
on options operation of existieij bv«teas will result in substantial
savings io capital asCLS,
and use of private ficras in £«ws nan-sgeeent. five actual case stid.es
are also presented. (AU/SUF)
ICCI
AUTHOfi
AfKIL
TITLE
SOUECE
TEAK
TEXT
LOCI 369
HA
NA
Alternatives to Seners
Conference Proceedings - Ola Colony Flannina Council and the fcPA, fiidder
Country Club, E. Eriogenater, HA, Deceater 2-3, 1976 (1J9 pages)
1976
The proceedings fros the "Alternatives to Seuers" Conference explores
issues related to non-seuered alternatives. They are divided i?.tc the
following sessions: septic sisten technology: siting and installation;
•aintenance aad repair of septic systeas: public aduiriistration; land
ust/qrouth iKpacts; alternative syateas rot single fa«i\y hoses: sybteis
for apertaents, clusters of older hones, subdiviGions; acd legal/
financial issues. Question and answer periods are recorded at the end
cf each session. (AU/SMf)
ACCI
AUTHCB
AFFII.
TITLE
SOUHCS
lEAfl
TEXT
L001390
EarnetT, E.L.
Division of Environsental Sanitation. Tennessee Cepartnent of Pitlic
Health, R.S. Gass St.-te Office Sailding, Ben Alien Hoad, Sashvllle,
Tennessee
An Approach to Failing Subsurface Disposal Syste*
Individual Onsite yastenater Systeas - Proceedings nf the Eighth
national Conference, 1981, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, ni (7 pages)
1962
Describes Tennessee's e»cerience blth three types of sutsorface disposal
syste« failure: effluent surf-ciag, groundaater contaaination aad
semqe baclcup into pluabing fixtures. Su-aarizes data cospiled ty
county environ»entalists for approiieately 6,900 failing sistens. Tbe
•aiorlty of which iiere aore than five years old. The tcp tuo caoses of
failure were inadequate acount of line and unfavorable soil absorption
capacity* Hajor sources of failure anJ possible reaedies are discussed.
190
-------
1001391
fach'.-cc
H.4.. Gray, D.D., Bitter. .I.E.
E ana Systass Encjineeritu; Atea, School c£ Ci?il Ecqlnterisa,
University, West Lafayette, ladlana
Coajuter Aided Design of Vacuue Sasitary Sewerage Systeas
hydraulics and Systems caijiseer in.?. Eepcrt 80. tt-H5e-B2-1, January,
19J2 (61 paqes)
This repoit presents a Fortran coatster ^rovjr.aa fct the design of eacooa
r.anltary seuar&qe systems using the criteria and jrccedsres reccaaended
c; a leediaq supplier of vaciiua sf»«r coBpccents, ihe *ls?&C Diiisioa of
Burton Mechanical Contuctors, lac. Given tt.e horizontal layoat e£ the
collection pipe necucES.,, the pro<;raa specifies the insert elsvaticrs.
lift heights, aad pipe sj-ie?, aecessacy fee successful operation of the
systea* The pcogr^B susaarizes tfae qtant ities of rife needed to
construct the s/ste» aad sizes the caaposents of the central collection
station, this report describes the sl^oritba which is used,, esplsice
the input procedures, aad coat^ias a complete listing of the sjrogree.
la eiseple problee is [.recanted, jtd sasJ^estions fcf feitbcr Se«9, [i(»ad Office, 60 Qaeea Street^ Ottaaa
low-Cost Technology Options for Sanitation - 4 Sta te-o£-tfce-flrt He«ie«
end ienotated iJibilogrdph;
later national Developsetit Research Centre oad tbe stored Bsnt, Bocts eSCO,
Ottawa, Canada K1 C 3t!9. Head Office £0 CQees Street, Ottdua J18U csges)
technology review and bibliography illustrate alternatiie approaches
to collection, t'eatseat, reuse aod disposal cf huaan usstes. Part cne
addresses the Jollowinq subjects: cpticas for cicceta iisccsnl in hot
cliaates, te^hii^ues for reusicq hszaa wastes, aa
-------
alternative dcsestic uasteuatec sanageeen t aelhcds. Describes
technological options foe tttatioq westeuater and potential arrangeBSBts
for prcviilsq onjciog operations dad saintenaDce. Eepfeasizes "total
»anagee«at" (pleaainci, design, installation, operation sad a«intenaoce)
and offers possible institu tionai arranqeBeats. Illustrated vith a
tecbaical evaluation oii aanacjtaent alteiaati*es fee Boarisg Creek Valley
la Colorado. (SKP) * '
ACCI
AUTHOS
AfFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAI
TUT
L001396
Coaneraeyer. J.F.
Eepartaeot cf Agricultural CconoeiCE, Pocflue University
Socio-Culteral Factors Associated *ith the Utilisation cf ruaicipal
Ueste OB Farelead for Aqricultoral rurposes
aasteuater BaEaqeuent 4B ButaX Casaanities: S Sccio-Eccaosic
Perspective - Inf cra-stion Bepott !03, The Pennsylvania State Uoieerslt?.
n. 69-39 (21 page*}
I960
Social and caltoral factors iitfloesce a Career's decisioe to paiticip«te
IB faralaad sludqe or septate application procravs. The process1 l-y
which coBtcoversies qcca is dl&ct5£sed; the valee sysstes OE cecal asees
Is reuicsei!; aad poteetial soBzce;? of coatcotieesy c«lat9d te tbs
disposal ot treated waat&«a£ar ia ca/tcl .afcaj, «ioeo «itb a fccsat
uithia Bfeicb the teaefits sed costs of ferisiaaa spplicatios ««y te
evaluated, are outlined. Ttte paper recoseeads tc^lng to "sell*1 treated
Mtste as a acth}4 foe utilisiaq a reneuable essoutce end not as a
Bolutioa to a disposal problem. (4U/Sw>F)
KCI
iUTMOB
TITLE
SOURCE
HAS
TEXT
L001397
Oilier. D.
Bright asd Cospaay, Seaport Beach, CA
A Sfstfcu foe ulqh-slcpe Lots
ladlvldBAl Ortsite Basteuatee Systeas - Proceedings of tfee Sixth Eatlcnal
Co.fececce, 197B, ABO Arbor Scleace Publishers. IDC.. Ana Arbcr, HI. {1
pages)
1979
AD oasite donestic uaste«iater disposal sfstee for high slope areas is
described. The systt=» consists of a »3in septic tar.k, a cascade tank, a
distribution boi aad a sand filter follo«ed by a terraced absorpticn
field.
ACCI
JUIKCB
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAE
TEXT
LOOT 396
GcottkdO, W.A., Le, T.K.
Office of Transportation Laboratory, California Cept. of Traasportetion.
Sacraaento, California
A Cesiqn Hetfeod £cr fcoaislde Rest Stttic Tank Leach Field Systess
CalifoiBia Departaent of Transpoctation, Sacraaento, Califcraia (116
;ac '
1961
The California Departseat of Transfer tat ion condocteS research to
determine reliable criteria for the design apiJ eeintt-nance cf roadside
test area seuaqe systems. The nuater of vehiclei, discharging at the
trailer sanitation stations and the nustet cf vehicles tearing th»
roadside rest were detersined; restrcoa wastewater usage vas directlT
related to oiJe counts. Data preside the information antf technique
necessary to design a new roadside rest septic tank-leach field syftei.
(AU/syf)
ACCI
»UTHOE
TITLE
SOUfiCE
TSAE
TEXT
LOOT 399
Rurthy. fe.I.
A Kanual on Coapost and ether Orqanic Raoures
Today E Tomorrows Printers and Publishers, 2UE/5 Deshbacdho Gopta Hoa<3,
Discusses coapostinq and utjllzatica cf organic nanures. Co»ers a brief
historical de»elopoett. C£r!;inel points in the cotcosting of refose,
nioht-soil and fara wastes are segregation and shredding of refuse,
optiBui cazbon-nitroqeu ratio, •cisture content, aeration, teBperature,
and fir-control. Additional topics include: sewage utilization in
agriculture, farayjrc: aanure conservation, "green" aanures, aerobic end
anaerobic cecos,. osi t ion of organic aatter, oil calces and other organic
taoures.
ACC3 :
AUTHOR:
TITLE :
SOURCE:
L001400
Irrine, H.L.. Retchot, L.H.. Breyfcgle, R., Earth, E.F.
Eept. cf Ci»Il Enqinterinc', Universitr of Mo^re Cage, Indiana; Indidna
Masteaater 7reat»ent Plant; and U.S. EPA. Cincinnati, Ohio
Municipal Application oi Sequencing Batch Treateent at Colter, Indiana
Jouraal Hater Pollution Control Federation, (17
192
-------
IUS
HIT
*» operatitT soeaary of a foil-scale doecfistcatica of a tuc-taofc
eequcncinq cetch reactor JSB6} activated sladge treotserv. claat is
presented, * description of tb« treatseot facility. ccB»«-rsico
ptocei«r«s and operation are qieec. The 53S is feun£ to be a itstle
•ItercAtive to coeveatioaal coEtisoocs flo« activated slar*q« tieatsest
§f docebtic uasteuaterc for BOG-5 te ICOIttOI
lUTKOIt flachaeiec, B.E,
mil s Extension Agricultural Engineer
TIIIC 8 Shcrelosd Senate Treetsents HecoeseBd«ti;;as fci Id«atif yisa
fH«lD3tiaq HoecoQf osaiag Systees
SOUHCf: Exteasiou Bulletin 3SW, Dopl. of *qr icilttsral
Biniasota,, St. Paul, Kiocesota (16 pages)
TEA!*
TEXT
t Oesczi&es action progtass ir.flttueestcl it
eliBiaatir.g Boecoaf OEffliBq s^ctvas.
tCCI : 1001402
IDTROl: Hllboia. D.F.
• mi : Betrcpclitan HatecsaviD? Cotspatiy, Bss&isatoa, DC
Title : Hatur-Saffltig PltiabiBQ: A Flos CoKtrcl .ioi eainte^ance Ptogros to
Re4ace ead Coctcol Sater Use in Hclti-Seasiiio PEcf«tties
SOD EC E: Proceedings of the Satioaal Coesoceation Coutorer-ce crs PutlicJr
Potable Uatec, Aptil 1t-1S, 1S81. Ceavsac, CO (5 peqes)
: 1981
: Tc assart: that floo coatiol Scwicea prowide a sicaificast reflactica in
mter consumption, a Suaiiiactcter of. flea control devices decided to
•acket the
-------
TITLE s Design Uoctfc'-.ah for 5»«il-Diaecter, fsriafcle-Ciade, Crarity Senses
SOURCE: U.S. C«pt. at igrlce] tare. &;£o(Sle8
o! *at«c ao<3 colifore tJO»s^as»t ia slaniaa billsids1 £E«£S. ntas«Cffs*ets
uaiaij c!fe cbo«si2 that »&}.«£• aoeesest 9i reduces the scil t-.yd T4a 1 ic coaaoctitity and nay
significantly reduce the loading rate eoouqh to cause a very fecs
soil to lose the ai»aota<;e ot its greater hydraollr. condoc t i vi t y.
Finally, it nas detersined that the disposal field loading rate
decreased liaearl? as the subsoil hydraulic head and/or ti>e surface
hydraulic head iacreesed. (&U/SVF)
ICCI
ASTHOB
mu
TITLE
50UBCE
TEiB
IEXI
L001109
Otis, fi.J.
Cept. of Ci»il and Envircnceo tal EB
-------
Utilities, IBC.. Riaai, Florida
TITLE : it«»sportlB<; Septic Tant Effluent tj pressar*
SOUICf: Proceeding of 2nd Horttn-est Co-sit* Vastewoter Cispofal Shcrt Ccfltse.
t'ni»ersit| of Kssbinqtoa. Sarcb I C i. 1973 it I
TUT
Tfce ie»elop«rc of presence s««er tecbaoloqr list adssBt^es of
td*k effluent puap and jrlsdsi puap fressare fevers and Assess 'ir.e
presekt-daT aeselopaeat cf the J'J-ye«c old Pett Charlotte, Fleri<5a,
pressure s«»er sysice. Cpsciit-ea tie faectioa cf tSe fnai !iasic
of the Sire fjjstee: disposal cb««et(, wffleeal cr tfischa; aeatal ?^qi set i leg, 'jnivecsl t j c! Uisccitsie,
Balison, Kiscoae.o
TITLE : Co.16 of Oa-Slte ttc.a»«OBt asd Oiocosel Syst«(s
SOUBC?: froceedis^s of 2nd Sortftitect Os-;,iV-. Hj^t^Batvc Disposal Sheet Cc-fs«,
Uaivecsltr of Bashlagtoo, Barcfc I C 2. 1979 (9 pdqes)
: 1973
: trotrldes a taol eccgrstely sadp. Toe ussy
factors effect costs in tfcis rapidly choogisg f
Till
TUT
ICCI : L001QU
AUTBOE. 5«eb'.oc«, B.H., -_, . _-
AfFU : Cept. of Civil EaqiaegclsK;. 0»l»*rsity of aasfeSsgton, Seattle.
TITLE : in »"?raisal of Ccepcstieq Toilets
SOUiCE: tlO' 'dioqz. of 2&6 ScrltineEt Oa-site Hatrtesa'or Dlrpc^al Sheet Coorss,
Uoii'to'Sltr of Uashinqtoa, PaiCft 1 6 2. 1978 (lit paa«s)
IU1 : 1978
HIT : Over*i^«s t&e bit-logical £ecoppositice processes ln»ol^c-d la sorofcic &s
aaaerobic cospostit?. i.nrirop^-eD'.ai tactccc tt,at infiue-sce cosPOEtiog
Inc1, udir. Q the uicrofciai p97€ (2 ;
The Tea Throne is a seali co»r-osting toilet vfcich processes toth
«oJ kitchen aectes. The toilet h*s * stepped and perforated slat
tottOB to the decay container to increase a«rsticn. Article pros
data on eod prodoct co»?cisttioE, Icadia] rate^, tceperatores, sed wcluae
reductloo.
ACCI
AUTHOR
Arru
TITLE
SCUBCE
TEAS
7EIT
AttlBT, J.L.
*PP4iachian Eovircnuental Ee«OBSt;aticn Irolect, Ctpt. fcr Hatocal
Resources ani. En» ii ccaetitai Frcttctioo, Corfcia, KeBtuclsy
On-3ite Sewage Disposal Sfr.teas - Tec'-ialcal Cons i •Jer a t i ens and
Feco«»encJed Cesiqn approaches
Appalachian Enx i r cnct ri t a i Dcsonst r at ica Pro-feet, Cept. fcr Natural
Hesources aad En» iror.sen tal protect ica, Corbia, Xentaclc; (3D paqes)
Cnsite disposal sjstess in Appalachia can tj iesianeil to prc»ide
lo«(-»aictenance, Jb-year ussteuater disposal at an average cost of less
than $1.000, with a sdiiau» cost of spprci!»»tei7 I2.COC fcr the «ost
difficult sites. The treatment anJ disrosal of septic tank effluents ty
natural and aofiified i;oil sr-t«as( AS well as physical and cheaScal
factors of recei»inq soils, are discosred. Frcvides cejiqn is£cre«tlce
fvr trench atborctioo, nillsirte trench itscrftion, artificial drainaqe,
louads. evapotraaspiratioa beds and saad filters. (SVF)
ACCI
IUTHOE
: L001015
TITLl :
SOURCE:
n, P.L.??.
Dept. of Plaat and Soil Sciences, UBi»ersity of Rassachcsetts, Ashtcst,
Hassachusetts
The Septic Tank a£ A Uastewattr Trtzt»eat and Dispcsal Kacilitr
•ater hesources Research rooter, Unitersitf of flassachus^tts, ishcrst.
195
-------
Riosaehusetts (<4S pages)
IEAR : 1982
TEIT: A Uni»ersity ot Hassacbusetts study discusses the iepcrtance of
qrounduater. percolation rates and population density in {.roper septic
tdak/scil absorption systes desiqe. A detailed table specifies the sell
liaitatiODs of Massachusetts soils for orsite seuaqe disposal systcss.
KanaqeBent practice? are suqqested to ovurcoae these lisitatioas.
Leaching atea requireaehts aie esaluatei on the tasii cf insitu
hydraulic conductivity seasureeents. aesults it.dicate the sizing
criteria IK thi Massachusetts health coJes are conservative and have
sufficient sarqins ot' safety to provide adequate treateeet and safe
disposal of uasteuater. UU/SHFJ
1CCI : 1001416
AOTKOE: Enqeset, J.. Seatlpoa, B.K..
AFFIL ; Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Washington
TTTLE : Efrlueot Treatment by Rouads
SOUBCE: troceedieqs of 2nd Hcrthuest Onsite v-asteueter Disposal Short Course,
UniieEsitf of Washia^tnn. Hatch 1 6 2. 1978 (2fi faqns)
TEIT : the feasibility of the soeafi systea vas investigated fee use under
conditions unsuitable for coneentioEJl onsite uasteMotec disposal
systsss. Performance of the septic tank-sound treateeet systea uas
evaluated by tuo criteria: the average efflsent quality produced and
the variability in effluent quality, saaples were analyzed for BCC-5,
nltcite-eitcate), phosphorus (total
phosphorus and orthophcspbate) and fecal coliroru. Ferforcance, as
CCD, nitrogen (aisaonia
-------
«ethodology for evaluating ar.d selcctinq institutional cosponests of
uasteuatet na&aqesent proqrass. The section
-------
SOURCE: Soil Science Society of Aaericd Journal «6 (<<) : 782-"78« (3 cages)
TEAS : 1962
TEXT: Saturated hydraulic coaducti*!ties of soils of spodlc and arqilMc
horizons were aeasured in se^ral rlcrila soils. The soils were
3lpla-}uods, Haplohouroos, GlocEsqualfa. and ArqiaguclIs. Tvo aetbcds of
aeasareoeat Here coepacei. The cote sethod consistently gave larger
hydraulic conductivity values than the piezoseter aethod. The lowest
soil, conductivity rates were in argillic horizon*. The permeability
classification or aost soils studied depended upon the reasureeent
•etbod used. (40)
ACC»
iUTHOB
AFFU
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEST
L001025
Asbury, 8«» Bendrickson. C.
Keu Hexico Zavircnseatal iBproBeaent Division, P.O. Box 9b5. Las Cruces.
US
Aerobic Oa-Site Systeas Studied in ien Keiico
Journal of En»ironaental Health l»5(i}:56-87 (2 pages)
1982
t Halted study of aerabic treato«nt uaits was conducted to deterslee
ubethtr ualts are functiooiriq satisfactorily and the cause of
•alfuBction. Bestilts in-licatc that aerated units have ^ore problens
than staoaard septic tank ur.lts. It seeas that aost units do cot
operate as long as they should 01 dea't operate at all. They ha*€
possibilities for odor and aoiss pccbleas. On sites suitable for
subsurface discharge, septic tanks rather than aerobic units ha ire the
advaotaqe. (SS»F)
AGO
AUIHOE
AFF1L
TITLE
SOOBCE
YEAR
TEKT
10014^6
Hauitias. P.H.
International Befereoce Centre for aastes Disposal. Swiss Federal
Institute for Bate.r ftesources and Hater Pollutioii Control (EitfAGl,
Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dubeedocf, S«itzerlancJ
Euptyiaa On-Site Excreta Disposal Systeas in Developing Countries: AD
Evaluation of the Probleas
IHCUD Hews, Mo. 1' August 7982. Ceterlanrlstrasse 133, CH86CO
Dutendorf, Switzerland (15 pages)
1982
Present* currently available pit latciae 'japtyinq technclogy for
de»olcoiDq counttles along with prctleas and case studies of curceutly
operatir.q sereices. The sajof techr.clocical protlee in pit esptyinq
services is the non-fluid behatior of sludqe. To aiapt fluid handling
technoloqie^ for pit emptying, A nechanical device for shearing and
adding wa'.er to the sluice would have to te develcpf'd. Key discus^lcns
in pit coptyinq service sariaqesent JDCluiJe the adoption of a transfer
systea a'id sch.'dulinq and zoning of collections. (SHF)
ACCt
AUIfiOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEXT
L001 U27
Kcnen, T.P.
Stev ns
, ..
Suildir.g Technology research Division, Davidson Laboratory,
Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NSM Jersey
Perforaance E€;aireaents &af Test Procedures for Mater Closets
Proceedings of the National Hater Conservation Conference on Putlicly
Supplied Potable Water, April 1"-15, 1981. Denver, CO (8 pages)
Describes test netliods for use by industry, code groups, entorceaent
agencies and otbers to detercine the functional perforsance of water
closets and thereby provide safe and efficient designs and
installations. The prisary characteristics of the water c, osets fcr
which test oethods and procedures were developed include: surface
cleansing, uaste renewal including sclids and liguids, £.nd voluoetric
efficiency. A test kit containing eedia. instructions and data sheets
is available to industry and the general public. (AU/SBF)
ACCI L001H28
AOTHOE Avniaelech, I., lie»o, Z.
AFfIL Technicn, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Veiznann Institute
of Science, ^ebototh
TITLE Biological Clogging of Sands
SOURCE Soil science. Vol. 98:222-226 (5 pages)
YEAR 196U
TEXT Studies tha influence of added organic aatter on clogging of sands
daring prolonged percolation. Tap water and nitrogenous solutions were
percolated throcqh sand coluons sued with various substances. High
carbon-tc-nitrogen ratios induced a relatively Ion 3-lasting clogging,
while low carooa to nitrogen ratios caused clogging 'or only a shctt
period. hardly decociposable aaterials caused only a slight clogging. A
linear correlation was found between the concentration or poljuronioes
in the extent of cloq.-jinq. A relationship between the aechanisas of
clogging ?nd aggregation Has also observed. (AU/SVF)
198
-------
ACCI
AUTHOi
AfflL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
SEIT
Ratio. A.H.. Carlile, 3.L.
Eioloqlcal end Agricultural Enqioecrlcg. Borth Carolina State
Uniwecsit j. Raleigh, North Carolina
Larqe-Scale Onsite Systess
Individual Onsite ofasteuater Systess - Proceedings of th€ Eighth
Hatioeal Coafereace, 1981, ABB Arbor Scitnce Publishers. Inc.. Ann
Arbor. Hichigaa (T< paces)
19S2
Discusses sone of the probless associate* uith develcpiaq larCCI
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOBfaacoo. P.
LosLacdo and Assoc., Boston, HA
Exp-indlnq Options for Greyuater Trsatsent
BioCycle, 23(3}:15-U9 (5 pa^es)
1982
Discsisses systeas available for treattent disposal and reuse of
qreyuater. Separate treataent of toilet wastes reduces uastewiter flcii
by 30 percent, nitroqen by 70 petcoot. and phosphorous by up tc US
percent, uliile eliainatinq nost potential pathoqeas and a laf'je pcrtion
o£ biodegradable organics. Describes systen design and perforaance for
qreynater sYsteas including septic tanks, sand filters, rock filters,
biological treataeat. reserse osuosis, sediaen tation/f il t ra t ion, and
Physical/chesical treatuent. Discusses efficiencies cf chlcrine,
iodine, and ultiasiolet disinfection. Disposal sethods irclude scil
absorption fields, land irrigation, greenhouse irriqaticn, recirculat ioq
shouets and suds-sabers. (SSF)
ACCI
AUTUOE
AfflL
TITLE
SOOSCE
IEAR
TEXT
LOOJ«32
Enqlehardt, J.D.
Cept. of Agricultural and Cheaicol Enqineerinq, Colora-lc State
Cni»ersity, Fort Collins. Colorado
Cuantifications of Onsite Wasteaater Treatment Cperation and
H.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collirs, Colcrado, 1983
JJjH paqes,
Fco> a re»ie« of toth published theoretical and eanufacturet•s
literature, as «ell as field surveys, a bcdy of specific GSH
recoasendations has been coapiled £cr systeas which serve fro« oaf tc
thirty hoaes. An inteL-active computer fcrcgra*. developed fr:r use on an
Apple-I. accepts site-specific input data for a oartic'ilar sa-o:
cos«'i"'ty. It then prints 05H recosaendations oiid calco1*tcj. annual
costs for the consunity. The «ost cost effective process, when C6M is
c^a^idered eiclosively. is the standard septic tank/l-achfield systes
.•here soils and water table elevation are suitable. (AU/SWF)
ACCI
L001i*33
199
-------
AQTHOS Bicit. L.C.
AFFIL Ennironoental Sji.,eas Engineering, Cleason University, Cleasio, Scuth
Carolina
TITLE Aerated Lagoon Svatees rfith laproeeil Perforsaace
SCO«CE Eoblic ioiks Hi»(!3> :35-J6 (2 pages)
TPAfi 1963
TEXT Sueaarlxes design criteria developed in part fcf the Systees Engineering
Cepartaent at Cleisoc University tor the desiga of dual poser.
•ulticellalac aerated laqooa systeas. t desrripticn of the lagoon
svstea is accospanied uith & schecatic. Plasi perfcroance is tabulated
toe package plants and aerated l^gcous, and total suspended solids and
COD ate coapared. (S«FJ
»cc«
AUTHOR
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LC01U34
Viyone. H.JU
Chief process Engineer, Bernard Johescn, lac.. Hcaston Texas
Designing Plug Flo« lagoons Using Tao-Staqe iccation
Pollistioa EaqisGeciaq f5(3):2S-32 (S p^gesj
1963
Discasses the use of plug fioa lagooss uith eecbanical ttenefec of
as a piiearj seans of biological treatment* SOC aeratioB. osyqen
cequireaents, puec cecaireseots. laqcon spatial accanqeirenii. laqooa
ciccalation, a?ti flvsia zcsentaa coasiderations zee analyzed.. Tabulated
date oa HCE ceeoval «ad osyqezs reqaiceeents as u function of length of
flua flow tceatBent ace given. Alsc a plug f!cu lagcon ^che&atic
adicatlnq the auaber of paaps cegciced at each puap eolcsn is ccc*ided.
(HU/5HF)
1CCI
AUTHOS
AfFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
IEAS
TfIT
L001435
HA
H&
Cnsitc Doefistic Seuaqe Disposal Haodtcok
EJPS-I9. HidwfcSt Plan Service, loua State Dnieersity. Ames, leva
1982
This handbook, uhich is a»ailable fees Hidaest Plan Service, Icua
State Cni»erslty, is designed for the hoeeonr. er nho Bust choose an
onsi'.e sewage oispcsal systea. The first section deals uith planning,
laws and regulations. The second section presides information en
installation, cor, strocti'. n and operstioo o* the septic tank. Site
selection and Jesion for soil absorption systeas are presented in the
next section. Gravity and pressure distribution systeos,, cusp selection
and general descr ipt ion-; of other treatsent systees are also included.
(SUP)
ACC»
AUTHOR
AFflL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAE
TEXT
Vrale, L.
Someqian Institute for Uater Research, elindern, Olso 3. Nocnay
SOBS Aspects of Ncrue.jian Practice
Alternative W<3Gte.ia t<= c Treateect, Leu-Cost Soall Systeas, Research and
Devetopoent - Proceedings of the Couference hold at Olso, ficruay,
September 7-10, 1981 {ia pages)
1982
Korwegian laws and regulations concerning water supply anJ wastewater
treataent aake it easy to use sewage probleas as the nost efficient tool
to regulate building develocoent. Problees observed in onsite systess
are due nore to incorrect construction, poor control and operation
rather than the process itself. The type of profcleas reported are
siailar to chose found in corT»nticnal treatment plants. Ssall
wastewater treatment s/steas and onsite disposal systeas Bust te
accepted at the sa«e level as larger and sore conventional systens.
Hote infor'satior. is needed on syst^s operation, cost, degree of reacval,
and degree of collection they provide in coaparision to conventional
systeas. (AU/SWF)
ACC«
AUTHOR
TITLE
SOUflCE
TEAK
TEXT
LC01U37
Ctls, a.J.
Dept. Civil and Environaental Engineering, University of Hisconsir.
Hadison, Wisconsin
Hator rtoveaent Into and Through Scil
Alternative Hastewater Treataent, Low-Cost Small Systeas, Research and
Ccvelcpsent - Proceedings of the Conference held at Olso, Norway,
Septeeber 7-10. 1981 (12 pages)
1932
Describes soil properties, including structure, texture, bulk density,
clay «ineralogy and thsir effect on water soveaent and wastewater
purification. The gravitational and eatric potentials are presented as
co»ponet>ts of the soil soisture potential. The rate of water sovtient
is described by Darcy's Law; aaistare retention curves for four
differ<=r,t soil textures are included. Emphasizes the i»pcrtance of the
200
-------
cloqqisg sat ia creatinq unsaturated coalitions necessary IB septic tank
absorptiOB fields. (AU/SKF) '
ACCI 1001438
AUTKOB Ctis, H.J.
Arm Cept. of Civil do3 EBvironeentai Engines t inq, ^Diversity of Bisccnsin.
Radiscn
TITLE Subsurface Soil Absorption Systeas Used in t!i% Uolti'd Stttes
SOU§CE Alternative Wastenat«T Treatment, Low-Cost Sisal' Systess, Research sei
Developeeet - Pcocee-iings of the Conference held at Olso. Hcrway.
Septaeber 7-10, J 961 (20 panes)
TEIT An overvieH of tteachesf beds aad aouads as aethcds of cnsite BaiMe
treatment and disposal is givea- The geosetry of the intiltrative
surface atta its siziaq. site crxtcrii, design consideration, and
wasteaater distribution foe each systes ate analyzed. 5pecial cscn
is qivtn to soil permeability, unsaturated depth, depth to tedcock aed
the liyeiicq of the soil profile. (*U/SUf)
1CCI
10THOB
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEXT
100)039
Kcistiansen, H.
AijcicuJtarai aesearch Council of Boras/, Section Soil Pollution
Research, 1«32 &S - BLH. Hcruay
The Soil as a Seaowatinq Hedioa - Cloqgicg of Inf ilt ratiwe Surfscss
Altecaati»e Kastevater Tr>sats«?nt, leu-Cost Snail Srstees, Research aad
Developaeet - Ptoceedlacs of tbe Conference htld at Clso, HccuaT.
SepteBber 7-10, J 961 (IS paqss>
19§2
Presents an oversieu of research asscciatei with the cicq<5ing layer
which develops OB infiltrative surfaces in septic tans leaching sTf
Discusses the three clogging (hases. the causes cf clogging, and the
effect of loadinq cotditions, Kastewater, soil tTi.e, tesperatute and
redox conditions on cloocinq. Systems eay be restored ty resting.
oi] ccloet
experisents and field studies have shown that suite! soils ha»e i high
sorpticn ceaauity for phosphorus frca aasteua'.er. It is «ery iepcrtant
that a sisple ana accurate sorption index tor phosphorus in -~oil acd the
treataect systess' operation tj.se te fouad. £AU)
ACCI
AUTHOR
ATFJL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAS
TEIT
LCOHJ11-
iaak, E.
Oept. Civil Enqineerinq. University of Connecticut, Steers, Connecticut
On-Site Soil Srsteas, Kxtrogen Retoval
Alternative Wastewater TreateeLt, Low-Cost Seall Systeas, Research and
Cevelcpaent - Proceedings of the Conference held at Olso, Norway,
Septeeber 7-10, 1981 (15 paqes)
7982
Eeviews the fate cf nitroqen in septic tank and subsurface fields by
a««onification, nitrification, adsorption, aanonia vclat iliiet ion r
bioloqical uptike. deni trif ica t ion and leachfields. Also, a passive
nitroqen reeoval technique dereloped at the University of Coanect-cat,
called the RUCK syctes is presented in detail. The RUCS sjstew utilizes
qreyuater as the crqanic carbon source for the denit tif icat ion step and
appears to be effective in re«ovinq nitroqen froe doiestic wastenater.
(AU/SKF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFfIL
TIT',E
SOURCE
YEAH
IBXI
L001UU2
Kri.stiansen, n.
Aqricultural Research Council of Hcmay, Section Soil Follntiou
Research, 1U32 As - SLH, Norway
The Fate of Pollutants in Soil - Organic Material
Alternative Kastewater Treatment, Low-Cost Saall Systems, Research and
Developeent - Proceedings of the Conference held at else, Norway,
Septeaber 7-10, 1981 (8 pagesl
1982
The paper links organic tatter reaoval with the aicroflora living in
bioloqical filters. A figure illustrates plate counts fro« three
201
-------
different depths in the overloaded end of * sand-filter t-rer.ch loaded
•ith 5 en septic task effluent cot d«y. Stresses that soil absorption
tods have confined annerofclcr/aerobic zoees in adiitioa to possible
anaerobic Bicrozones in apparently aecocfc soil. Discgsses toe effect
of COC resoval oa trickling filters ani saad filters rue at «*r?iBg CCt
loadings and tesperatures. Concludes that orgaaic nattsr teeoval is EC
considered a problem if loaded as reccoeendcd. (AU/S«F)
ACCf 100101)3
AUTf.OH Beditnt. V.I. et al
AFFIL B^pt. of Eavironaeatal Science C Enoinperiac. Sice Oninersltj, Hoastos,
TITLE Ground-Water Transport froa Wastevater Infiltration
SOUHCE tltecoative Bastenater Treataent, lea-Cost Sssll Systeas. Research end
Development - Proceedings of the Conference held at Olsc. Rctaay,
Septeaber 7-tO, 1381 (9 paqes)
TEAR 19B<>
TEXT Ground«atet contaninant traespcrt vas Investigated frcs a eaeicipal
««ste«ater infiltration sf^tem. Crou.ida«ter quality staples wtr*'
collected at the Fore Deeacs, Rassachnsetts. faciiitf free surtoondlnq
wells and uere aBalyzed tor cooductivitv ana trace level ocqaalcs
contaeination. Ground^ater flow and chloride 'tQstaaiaa&t trscspcct xece
predicted using 2 ttc- ,1iB»,eBsicBai oaeerical sinolatioQ vodel*
Dispersion estisatss Here adde usicq orqanics date collected at adjecect
uiills and adjusted for adsorption in the porous redia. Revolts fc:
field dispersion compared fav&ratly uith other values reported ID
literature. net hods used In this I.'ell project alonq aith BOdclmq
techniques should be applicable to other qroui><3va£er waste contaalnant
sites.
-------
nieywdter eifecti»ely: ho«e»er. it did not offer a substantial
i«rroveecnt J.B cost savings, etflb&nt c-jalltf cr oataceat il i ty
siailar systea for total residential uaste. {AU/Dnrj
ever e
ICCI
AUTHOR
APFH
TITLE
SGUhC?
IEIR
TEXT
1001UQ7
Krist iar.sea, B.
Agricultural Besearch Council of Scruiy. Section Soil Pollution
Research, 1»;32 As - SL«, «orw4»
fiesaarch oa On-Site Disposal Methods in Bocxay - Past and Present
Alternative Hasteuat: £ i. n , L .
Norueqian State Pol'ution Control Authority (>fT), Olsc, lorway
Present dcrneqian Piactice and Ac*i¥i:ies tor lBpro»eaent of Cn-Site
Uastevater Disposal
Alternative h'ast^nater Treataen^, Lo»-Cost Saall Srsteis, Research and
Developeent - Ptoceetl nz^ of the Conference )..eI3 at Olsc, Bor«a7,
Sepr^«fcer 7-10, 1361 ',11 paq«s)
1982
A CL'ief suir«arT of Sorweqian regulations and guidelines concerning
onsite uastewater disposal outlines current research to inprcre
«a£.tei/ater treat«cnt snd dicpoJdl in onseuered areas. Uiaqrae of
alternative srste»E for snail fik-ws jic (.coiitei. (AU/5«F)
;ccs
AUTROS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOOECE
TEAS
TEXT
LC01U51
Harr, C.
Engineering ard Contracting Coapany, Clso, Norway
Present Technology in northern Europe on Uastewater TreataeEt Plants for
Srall Flows
Alternative fcastewiter Tr-eataeni, Lc<-Cost Small Sjstees, Sesearch and
E«relop»ent - Proceedings of the Conference held at Clso, Sor'way,
S«i)te»ber V-10. 1981 (19 pages)
t.isc'Jssei' the results of a survey of uasteyater treatsent plants for
siia.li flows (less than 50 persons) ca the Norwegian «ar'.et. These
203
-------
a ir.clada bio
-------
HUE :
SOUBCt.
IEII
Selection of Disposal Sites In acrxay
Alternative Sastewattr TreateeBt, lc«-Cost Saall Systeas, Research »a6
De»elop«ent - Proceedings of tUe conference held at Olso. Hcrway,
September 7-tQ, 1961 (15 pages)
1982
Besccites current onsite disposil pretloss encciiotered IB Set way:
ipadeqaote codes and gaideliaes, thin aad dispersed soils, and a lacfe of
ikiUtd people to jerfora the necessary iaveshigatioB. seu codes «ill
espbaeize soli hydraulic properties. Iqutpeent which Bflkes the
percolation test eore accurate and aa isprosedl sethod for in-sita
• «asure»ent of hydraulic cooductivitf are described.
»CCI : 1001057
tUTHOS: Hilsoa, S.&.. Honayae, H.P., Faeth, B.C
»rriL : Creqoa Dect. of Ensi roc uer«toi Cyaiity
TITLE : Characteristics of HesiJeotial and ledostrial 5
-------
ACCI
AUTMOi
Arm
urn
SOOBCE
im
L001Q61
Liu. I.
Ea«ltonBeotal Conta«inaBtE Cisisioo, Batural Water Besearch Institute.
Burlington, Canala J.7R 446
Tfce Effect of Seuaqe Sludge* i-an* Disposal oa the Ricrotioloqical C'aality
of Croundnatec '
Hater Hesearct, 16(6):9S7-961
the lonq-tera effect of facalec'j
(5 cages)
n<5 o '
isponal of anaeroMcel ly diqeste*
seuaqe sludger (aluo, icon ?njfecti«esv % cost analysis
shows the type of systea which is aost ccst-stfeciive tot different
scale operations. (itf)
*CCI
lUTHCf
TITLE
SOURCE
IEI8
TEIT
LOOI463
Vilsco, S.ft.; P.OEayn«i, n«P.; Feeth, S.C.
Creqon Cept. of EBfironsental Coallty
Cray Hater: Chapter "i 3
Creqoe Oo-slte Eipcrtaeatal Systcas Proqra* - Final Sepon, Creqon
of £n»ircneental duality (is pages)
1982
Evaluates a 198-gal. septic tank, SS-Tal. pea-{;r*»el filter, 132-qal.
trickle cock iilt«rf aoa a s»all teciiculatiuq saniJ filter frecedsd ty
750-qal. septic tans [or troatKtnt ot areyw-ster. Pert'ciaancc Bas
*ariaole ic the p«a-«iravel filter an<5 tHe trickle roci filter due to
lack of surge protection. T/ie reel rci; la t inq sand fl'tec ftcduced the
highest quality efflueat of all tbt qt«ty«alcr tteataefi* 3yst?»s.
Gicyuater tteataent svsteas did not clisinate the nec«£sllT tor
subsurface disposal fields. The uost econouical «n-1 practical eethcd
for qveyuattc disposal was a Et4B(lard septic tank uifft a reduced-siie
disposal Jit-Id.
ACCI
1UTHOR
irriL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TE1E
TEIT
L00116H
«ilsoo, S.A.; Roaayae, n.P.; Paeth. R.C.
Creqon Dept. of- Eorironae tit al uaalltj
Coepostinq Toileti: Chapter 18
Oregon On-Site EicerlaentaI Syste«s Froqras
of En»ircn«ental Cuality (9 pages)
1982
PrcTiJes four proqress reports on 28 conpostinq toilets
installed in houses under the Eiperiiental Ja-site Proorao.
users had difficulty learning how to ose and oai^tain these units
properly. Soae users were pleased with their ctapostlaq toilet bit
were not. naoy coeplained of solid ac
-------
trees and ha«aa«, can be reduced tfcrcaah proper treatseat prccedotes
piior to esc la orchard irrigatloa. (SBFJ
ICCI I L001H66
HJTS06: MllsoB, 5.1.; Bosayne, H.p.; Paeth. S.C.
ifru J Oregon Dept. ol £BS t rons^E tal Qualit*
HUE : Pressure OlsttiiiatloB Systess ID Soils »lth Shallow Croundaateis
Chapter S
SOUKf: Oregon de-Sits Eic/jriBcutiU Systess Prograe - Fiaal ieport, Crenoe Dept.
cf Eo»lroBffi«Btal C'iaiity. (7 i-aaesj .
^
IZIt
: The objective of toe Oreqoa stadf sias to test several *ertic»l
separation distacces betbees the £ctto» of disposal trenches sad
arounduatei afeere pressure dlslritatics sjstess BSE* ir.sta llsc. the
iapact of eftleaet oa qccuBdwater quality vs-s EOBilored and assessed.
Proper ;;ijir,q0 Scsiqo, cod oserall perfoeaaEce of loa pcessare
distr itetioo e?steas sr-s charectaicl z«d. IscloiSes a discussion of
pressurized eitioeal disposal in scils cf rarjiBQ teitiite and
characteristics.
KCI s 1001 « 67
10T80BI Wilsoa, S.4.. Soaayns. H.P.; Paotk, S.C.
: areqca Dept. ef £e«iroBEe!itel Oaalit?
tittE : EvapotraespiratJOB Sbsocptioa Systs-es: Chapter tl
SOCBCE: Cretjos Oe-Sita Cx^orlaenea^Systeas PTOJESSS - Fiaal Seport, Oceqon
1982*
TEIT
r. ii,l Quality (9
f}
r , „. . feeds *-T« installed at selected
Creqon sites to $eter«*ae it tine coesia^t -->o of soil istsorpties asfl
etapottaaspir&tf.oe) «cu=i overcoeo the iitij. rdtica of KICK aad »cry slow
ceraeafcilit? asi et &a& disposal syr.tea to
function properly, fresioB ssthods as^ a discussioa of teselts are
included. CoEcIafias t^at propeclv iesigusiS aoo ccnstruv-ted beds
fonctioaeiS £
-------
IEXI : Intermittent saad filters nere iastalled at se»ea Oregon sites to
deteriiae it sand filter tr°atE«.-ot cl septic taafc effluent eossld trodac*
adequate treataeat in soils with poor draicage. Ccsica eethcds.
•OBltcriaq, aod a discussios of resells are inclined. ' lateraitteat sand
filters required so eai otai&aace during the sonitcrlng ceric'S. £CC.
solids and total nitrogen mere reduced 98, 93. asd 59 percent
, an oa ntrogen mere reuced 98, 93. asd 59 perce
rerptictlsely. all sell .sfcsor ptios systess faactioptd proper!?; biouet
loreaticn Has not * problea and sell absorption rates ScllcwlRq the sand
filter ware coasiderebl* higher than these coanonly reccrt«<3 for septic
tens cCllueot. (iJ/SBFj
ICCI : ICOM71
tOTHOB: yilsoo. S.A.; Rcnayne, H.P.; Paeth, B.C.
AfTH : Oregoa Dect. of En*iro6sia<. Desifjr. o^lhoca, aoni tcs'i no, ae
• discossioa o£ revolts «ta iacladed. Coocl«(les thct the sBtfaces ot
reclccplatiaq sand filters uere aobjeci to an occosisiatioE of lea»cs,
other fullea debri-s, an«S «eqetatio» (jroath uhich tended to clog the
cffluert distribation sjjstcs; howeeer, th«ce was so aeasiaretie iepact
oo treitaest. BOB. sasfieede* Eolias, and total nitrogen uere reduced
ty 99, 97 and jcii:i tisas. Sesa filtcatioa of septic »aak
effloeot siqniEicftsti 5 iiicreased tite efflcaat acceptnficf late of the
disposal trenches. (£0/:;tiF)
ICCI i
tUTHOE
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
IEXI
L001<»72
HothHSHaey. S.; Sasha, C.J.: Gorlcdee, V.S.; Sundaresan. B.e.
Public Health Engineer ioq Cep<*rtseat, College of Engisieerisg. Guicdy.
Ha-Sras, An3hra Praiesh Public Wor&s Departeeat and National
Em'itooeental Engineering Sesearch Institste, (Jaqpur, India
Fish Folycultere ii Seaj<;e Effluent Foods
Indian Journal of Jn v itonaan tal Health, 20 (3) : 21 9-231 (13 page:.}
1978
Three oziidtion pcads i.iRld« th3 st?waq
-------
'II
!tj
: 1980
1 tea-rear research project ie ailzeaa esaotsei tfee effect! ««eess ef «
npid-inliltration systee to reeovate s€COB<2tr? »«6te«atec
StcoidacllT teemed effleest was paeped iato six saaa-gresei fca
(6.1 fcj ?1 J *) to a <3optU of 30 ce IOOIS75
ii Dada. 4.R.; Crosattie, S.&.
: watte Coalitr Branch. Scttfa Catcliea Cl»isio» ef CB*iccea«8tal
lilt s Coastal Pollution ftce Septic Tank DtaiafielSs
OVtCE: Joucnal of «h* £e*t tosBoalai EB^ineeria.j Sivisloa, 1Ce(eE6) H265-1279 {8
pages)
(U : 1982
(II : ii«t seataer and 3t? «0atHec aescllBq is btllizej to eoeitor densities of
colifora bactcclc In waters drainlEq CQS tdeatial areas o» coastal Berth
Carolina. The bacterial levels &£&• ca«por«3 te diittrcst den3,iti-_s cf
rcsi-iniicas id each eatetxaed aoJ the lieiteticss of tfee
of
tistecs-. In
e t«ltisillios dcllat
ces^etcj fee
and Jer
failing dcainacji; srfteets that CSCEJ the COE taeiisa t ioc .-li
to sfcellEish wateta. In atJJi.ti.on, ECITS! cosscn ser.se •aaiq6>«s(
P£«ct ices_tt«-t minisize the deliicry cf t sctfcc i« I costssiea t lot. tc
estuariuc uatecs art su59t-sttd for uis in sltisij fut wee ccaftai
resioeotial Jt»olopset4 1 . '
develcped soils for assiailat i s.:j septic tdas ftftlacnt. Ao
the data ieplicates septic task ^rain t ields iestsii^d in u
sol's as a cajcr source of coftte«lsat ion cf thes? s^cll£i£-
<.rdat to teaoce the threat to public health aaa t'e t«ltis
econoaic loss to the lishicq iB<3uttry several cpticns «r« nc
tchabiiitatiag coticeot ra t ioos of [aiJiag septic taak systcss
ICCI
IUTHOB
irru
finz
SOURCE
IEt8
ten
ICOI«7€
Xioac
iicvac. P.O. Bui SOB. Rochester, Iniieoa
iicvec Vacuua Sewernqe Systta De^i-^r,
littdC, P.O. Bos 500, Rochestet, Iclo&f
1983
* desctiption of vac-uua senera-je STS*C»C e»phasi7es 'he a pp 1 !<:*«. S c a ,
design, installation, m j i r. tenasce. anJ eqaipaect E pec i f ica 11 ens c
pcoprietarT 1IR7AC syste». loclaBes a desi-^a exaiple. (S«f)
the
KCI : 1001U77
JUIHOB: Wilson, S.A.; fionayr.e, r.P-; Paeth, B.C.
irrlL : Oret.on Departaent of EnwiroiiBental Reality
jJIU : Cteqo« tdnioistra ti »e Rules
SOOBCE: Creqon Oo-Site Experimental Systeas Fro<;ra» - riaal Sepcct, Creqos
.... Department cf Entlror.--ental Caali'T (37 pc<)es)
leH ; 19fi2
*MT : Fro»ides a list of Oregon's adainistt«tive rol«s on ejperliental «n
ooslte EcubQe disposal systems. Inclu^»s sit«" s«Kctica criteria.
rules are aendated by the Ortqon Departnent of Ectircnsental Co»iit
KCI
ItlTHOE
TITLE
SOURCE
TEU
mi
1001Q78
Erinler. E.K.; Clsstead. R.D.; ilil,
Feabody aacnes. Inc., 651 North r,«in Street, ranifield, Ohio
Desiqn'fanual for Pressure Sever STE'CBS
Feasodf fcarnes. Inc.. &5!-5orth flair, Street, ««astield, Chio (IDS
K35"
The deslqc aanual profiles tecboical intcrsaticri ccncernioq rresEcrt
s-suer systea technology. Information outlined includes the detlDitica,
209
-------
history Applications, advantages. 'UsaSvantaqes, design and operation,
aed saintecacce o* pressure seuer systems. The design section contains
roar different aethods of design with necessary tables, graphs, and
eia»ples. trovides specifications for both qriBd«r and effluent poaps.
ICC I
AOTHCB
TITLE
SOOSCE
TEAS
TEIT
IOOIU79
MilsoE. S.A.: Bonayne-. B.P.; Paeth- R.C.
Oregon Departaent of Enviroaeental cuality
Recirculatittq Sand Filler Systeas
Oregon Casite EnsirooBental Proqraa - Final Report. Oregon Cspt. cf
Enviccaeeatal Quality (52 pages)
1932
Eeports on interBittent-recirculatiog sand filter Ireatnent of septic
tank effluent prior to discharge into disposal treaches installed either
in soils shallow to hardpans, claypans, saprolite, tedrcck, and
vjrotae
-------
TEAB :
TEXT :
A draft feasiDility £ttdy addresses the i ir.le»en ta t Ion of an on-let
wasteujter raanageeent systes in lieu of a consent 1 onei seaer projec
The study gives details cf an iapieaeatation scenario. .SKdsi&es sev
,l?irS£r?q 0Ptio<»s» and outiiees sana-eaect ard regulatory reeds.
ACC»
iUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAB
TEIt :
L00148B
Nichols. D.S.; Boelter, D.H.
USCA Forest Service. Forestry Science Lab.. S
Pecific Morthaest Station. Corvjllis. OreTo
Treataent of Secondary 3ewaqe Effluent with
Rapids. Hlcbic.au. aet
Peat-Sand Filter Bed
-
Journal of Enjironeental Quality. ll(l):86-92 (6 pages)
• 932
4 peat-san« filter bed provides additional treatsent of secondary senaos
effluent froe a caapqround. the filter ccasists cf a top layer of
heaic. reed-sedqe peat, folloue-i by a layer of sand and peat sixed
together, a sand layer, and fio.tlly a gravel layer. "he base cf the
filter contains P?C pise for le.»chate collection. The peat-sand filter
bed accoeplisbes aloost coapletn re»ov.!l oe fecal colifora aed
Shospborus. Reaaval of nitrogen was high in the first fen years, tut
ecll&ed later due to oxidation of the ceat nod release cf nitrogen.
Severe! factors which contribute! to aitrcgen and phosphorus reaoval
are: hiqh iron, aluaiaua, ati
-------
uastewator without an odcr or noise nuisance in the surrounding erea.
Performance of coe».act stabilization plants oe BCC and suspended sclids
renewal of varying wastes is defined. Includes, a tabulation of sesscaal
streets on organic, nitre^n, and phosphorus reaoval under stead* state
and variable flow patterns. (AU/SHF)
ICC* : IC01U88
AUTHOR: Beiqaad. B.C.
A'PIL : Bid-Ohio Valley Health Dt$»t.. 21 1 6th Street. Parkersburg, Best
TITLE : A Coactehensiee Proqraa ior Surveillance of Package Plants and
Stabilization Fonds
SOURCE: aid-Ohio Galley Health Oept.. 211 6th Street. Parkersbtrg. Best
(to pages)
TEIT : this report, rfhich describes t cotiBty-uide sorveillance procras fcr
cactage plants and stabilization pcoi.s. covers the following five ereas:
I) site and plan ceaieu, 2) construction in.-pecticn, 3\ operstica
training, «) coulisse operation and *aintenanco inspection, and 5J
enforeeaent. In cs'ersieu of the facilities participating in the crogra*
l^ presided. (SBF)
ACCI
AU7HOE
AFFIi
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAR
TEXT
LOO:089
Sutherland, J.C.
Killiaes & UQIHS, Grand Rapids, nichigao
RicliiqAn Wetland Hasteaater Tertiary Treataent Systees
Hater fteuse. Aac Arbor Science P-jtilshers, Ann trtor, flirhioto (10
paces}
1962
Wetlands proeidc nasteuater tredteeot benefits fcr nilfliife that are act
available witi conireational land traataent. Artificial wetlands xaj te
suitable es a saactatry aad conseceaacy for certain sensitiue or
threatened plaat species. The wetland soil surface reaains open,
allouinq seepage without aaiatenance. The costs associated Httl> setland
construct ioa are louer than for uplaod spray Irrigation systess ar.3 are
coaparable to those for flo^a irrigation. Two ccuaun
-------
TEAS : 5982
TEXT : Th* Colorado State University
technically aanacing onsite t
the systee associated uith op
develops a thorough descripti
[equireseats Deeded to ensure
technology is functioning pro
requireaents is cospoterisfed
nlde evaluation ct operation
study etasines current strategies fcr
echnolccjy private costractcr
will carry out aain te.iance tasks. The public heolth depart»eat »i 11 te
responsible fcr
-------
Bhich Is particularly accurate after long application tiees.
Sensitivities of the procedure to the various sisplifJcaticns. site
{actors, and desiqa and eanaqesent eptictis are discusses and
ra tot*. Alteraative eeans to reduce ecueding «re
*CCI
iUTHOB
irriL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAS
TEIi
LOOKU7
Siegrist, K.I.
University of Bisconsin, Badisoa, Wisconsin
RiBloua-Flou Plusbing Flitutes
Aoerican Mater aorks Association Joureil, 75 (7) : 3«2-3S7 i6 pages)
Soaaarizes averaoe per capita Biter vise IB the Unite! States and afcrcafi.
Discusses the rolt of BielsaB-f lo» fixtures, water rease Eystess. and
reduced water u&4qe ac water conservation strategies. lists eater
s«PPl». wasteuatet disf^osal, aatiaqeeeat, and economic ccnsi decaticns
•ben usinq oinisuK-f lo» fistures. Gives epclicaticas cf sinieus-f leu
IAU/s'ef an f°teritlal barriers to their wiSesFread applications.
iCC* :
/tUTHOE
TITLE
SOUBCE
IEAK
TEXT
1001090
Bioer. S.L.
Gannett Fleninq EBvironisental Enqineers, Keasinqton, Haryland
iSpleaaatation Issaes o£ On-Lot "-- -
3ioCycle. 2a(3)J7-38 (2 pages)
Describes the continual use of on-let systeas as an effective
alteraative for uastewater trfeatBeot. I coooty sanaqeeect agency keeps
centralized records of saint-joance atsd systes operation. To have their
srstess inspected, individual usets contract directlr witfe private firss
tfidt are licensed b| the county to coaduct such inspectioos. The
article also discusses cost savings and esvircnaeDtal iepact. (SHF)
iCC«
iUTHOB
IFfIL
TITLE
SOUSCE
TEAR
TEIT
1001199
Stephens, D.B.; Seuiasn, S.P.
Cept. of GeoscifcDce, Hen Fleiico Institute of fiining and Technology,
Socurro, ^'GH fieiico; and, Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resaarces,
Doiversitf o' Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Vadose Zont ler sseob 1111 y Tests: Unsteady Plow
Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Frccee.3icq£ cf the Aetrican Scciety
of Civil Engineers, 1 08 (HY5) : b6Q-677 (9 p
-------
ACCI
AUTHOI
AFFIL
Tim
SOUSCt
YEAB
TEIT
accuracy. Cue to the effects of borehole geoaetry unsatureted sell
chatoctttistics. water table depth, heterogeneity, and arlsoteopy, it Is
e/tresely difficult to develop a coapleteiy general foraula. (l&f
LOO?501
Stephens. D.B.: Seunan. S.C.
Cept. of Geoscieace, lieu Hesico Institute of Mining and Techaolcqy.
Socurro. Hew iPiico; and, Dept. of Hydrology and dater Resources.
University of Arizona, Tucson, Acizoaa
eadose Zone Peraeabillty Tests: Suoeary
Journal of the Hydraulics Division, The Aaerican Society of Ci»il
Engin'ers. 103 (K$£) :£23-639 {9 pages)
1982
Soluticus to deterai&e saturated hydrailic above a water tatlc by seaiss
of constant head borehole inflitratics tests ar° sunaarizeci aed
critiqued, iaalytlcal solutions are available tor optn and partly cased
boreholes and deep and shallow a*ter table conditions. The [ctaalas are
based on various sieplifyiaq assasptions pertaininq to soil crccertiee
and boundary coBditions. Bone of the solutions accouot fcr caplllBre
effects. For identical test conditiocs ealues of hfdraulic coadoctiiity
calculated froa these foraalas say differ by as vuch as » feu haadred
percent. (&o)
ACCt
AOTH08
TITLE
SOUECE
TEH :
L001S02
Cii, S.t.
National Saall Fleas Clearinqhoose, Hest «irqinia Onirersity. 253
Stetiart Street, loroantoun, nest Virginia
ilternatiee Wfistenater Sjsteos for finral yest vlrqinia Industry
Southern Health Association Heeling. Charleston, best Virginia, June 2",
1983 J1«S paqes)
1983
Descrites the potential application cf new technologies suitable for
industrial and co»uercial aeselopaent In Uest Virginia. Eephasizes the
need for site plaanir^ ^iyer. the lisital capacity of soil to treat
wasteuater in Uest Virginia. Stresses the importance ot aater-savlntj
techncloqies in designing i treataent s/stes. CIscussts scund syftess,
lou pressure pipe syste«s? aiid rocirculdtinq sand filters. Proeldes a
design exa&ple and operation and aaintendace intcroaticn conceccin*; the
sand filter. (SWf)
ACCt
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUPCE
TEXT
L001S03
Tcllefscn, D.J.: (felly, S.F.
dinzler a&d Kelly Consulting Engineers, 633 Third Street, Bci 13«5
Eoreka, California
STEP Pressure sewers are a Viable HastenatPr Collection Alternative
Journal Hater pollution Coatrol Federation, 53 (7):100u-lOil (11 Fa9es)
1983
Presents inforoation on the design, const ruction, operation, ard
•aintenaoce of a pressure seuei: installation in 3 saall ncrtheiD
CalifcrLia cossunity and assesses its reliability, pcerdtinq costs, and
•aintcnance costs. An active, routine eaintensnct progras is essential
to deep the sjstes operating at a near «aiiiiui! efficiencr, eiaisizlng
e«erqency saintenance requireaents and prolonging the lire of systen
cosponents and eqrip»ent.. (AU/SWF)
ACCt
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOUBCE
YEAH
TEIT
10015C«
Bargett, C.L.; Tyler, E.J.: Conterse, J.C.
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, and Cclleqe of Engineering,
Oni«ersity 01 Wisconsin, fladison, Wisconsin
Chenicai Sehaoil ita tion of Soil Wast^water ibscrption Systess DsiBT
Hydrogen Feroiide: Effects cf Sell Feraeability _
Saall Scale Haste Hanageaent Project, University of Hisconsio, Hadison,
Wisconsin (86 pages)
* n Q "i
fieports on recent research uhich exaained the effectiveness cf hTdrcqtn
peroxide in uncloqginq failed systeos. Evaluates the reagen t • s iipac t
on the physical properties of the scil with latorstori and field
studies, and aicrcphore tic analyses. Hydrogen perciide can do serious,
and possitly irreversible danaqe to the physical Integrity and
infiltrative capacity of nost soils. Includes pcre sketches,
photo»icrographs. and Graphs and tatles concerning scil-textu
infiltration rate. (AU/SWF)
,
texture and
ACCI
AUTHOfi
AFFIL
TITLS
LOCI 505
Boulder County Haalth Department, Colcrado
Boulder Cconty's Developeent of an Operation and Paintenance Proqr?» for
r.nai t a
Cnsite
215
-------
SOUiCE: Proceedings: Fifth Workshop on Hote-Sewage Cispesal IB Colorado
Cperaticn and Oaintenonce of Ca-Site dasttwe«er Treata«nt Systets
Coloradc State University. Fan Collins. Colorado (11 ff.ts]
TEIT i De-scribes a «anajriculturo«r,ers. Because of increased ccsts to the enqinierieg
fir« and risks associated Kith the alternative tfesiqn. the decision cf
tbe state regulatory aqency was not challenged. The authors state that
regulator/ aqency personnel ^ho assesr alternative tcoatceat projects
should beco«e better »ersed in state-of-the arc I/A technology. (s«f)
ACC!
AUTHOB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L001508
Soe, P.G.; Heiqand. R.G.; Hoe, C.L.
Agricultural Cicrobiclcgy. west Virginia Uci»risity, Korgantown, West
Virginia, «ood County Sanitarian, nest Vir5i&ia Dept. of Health,
Parkersburq, Best Virginia; and. Endironsental ricrobioloqy, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina , , _
Vhe How-To of flaintaining Hcae Septic Tank Waste Disposal Systeas
Cooperati»e Extension Service, West Virginia Uriversity, Center for
Extension atd Coatinji=9 Education (39 pages)
| Q O 1
This Banual discusses the tasic operation of a septic tank £ystei._sach
as sepiic tank functions, sizing and conjtrcction, nicrobial activity,
and Bair.ten&nce; also, soil absorption systeei functions and
construction, leachfield failure and repair teconiq-ies. Scresses
overall preventive zaintenance including water conservation and lawn
care. Oosite systet inforeation contacts at the local, state, and
federal level are provided. (AU/SWF)
ACC I :
AUTHOR:
LC015C9
Dean, E.B.
216
-------
»rrll : lunDean Enwiromentsl Coopany, Copenhagen, Deoeark
TITLE : Septic Ta ^ lellufas Seduced by "Aerobics6
SOUiCE: BioCyde, 2«(2):51-52 (2 pages)
IE A B • I " o J
TEXT : Article presents SB overview of anaerobic cloqalng Is soil and sethods
?{.**j"J»lBi«»9 P«t»eabiiitj by restoring aerobic cocditioss. Applies
this infornatlon to septic cystea failures and discusses use of
alternative draiaUeloi to reduce clogging in difficult toils. Foists
oet that araietield cs»age over salves east be easy to operate.
« B/* F?6S * ieed for the proper Baaagesent of septic ryst«ss.
»CCl :
AOlBOfi:
:
TITLE :
SOURCE:
TMI
1001510
EPA
E?A, Beqioo 5. .later Eisision. 230 Scath Dearbcrn Street. Chicago.
Illinois
iaral Letes Project Handbook
0;3j E?*'*8^3i°'},,5* «atar fcifflsioa. 230 South Learborn Street. Chicago.
Illinois 60oO« £»1 pages)
tha EP* Bural Lakes Project Baaabook relates eajcr fiaaiags of rntal
uasteuatt:' stadias IB a foceat intended to 6c usefol for Sone ounces aod
civic leaders. Icclssdes tecbeioaes for Fre»entiaq and correctSno
probless coEsoalf associated aitb os-site srst^ES and also ir,clud«s
alternative tecbnologj available for ssall floec collection and
treateent. Provides pertinerit iafocsation regacdinq facilities
plaoninq. soutces or sasteuater faafiiaq at the state and fe-Jeral level,
and federal coatacts iBeolvert io seell flows techaclogy. (SU/SMF)
*CCI
1UTKOR
*rm
TITLE
SOUBCE
TEAR
TEIT
looisn
Salvato, J.A.
Sanitary and Public health Enqiaeer. ai» neadoa Crive, Troy. Hex Tcrk
Eational Design of Evapotranspicatioa Bea
toerican Society of Civil Engineers. 343 East U7th Street, Sew Tork,
lieu Tcrk (8 pages)
1983
This fapez develops a rational setood fcr the design cf an onsite sessge
disposal systeo bjsefi upon evapotLanspiration, and adiftable to
different geographical areas. Notes -sva ilablf- (Jesi-jn inforaafion acd
its liultations and c-eptasizes the need to cjrircise informed
professional judqeaect. I«c examples and water bal^oce tatles she*
applicatioa of the design oetkod. (*U)
ACCI
iUT«OB
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
Kachaeifl, B.C.; Canfield, J.; Andersoa. J.L.
Unisersity of fiinnescta auL ETaloat;on of Special Processes, Components or
Devices Used in Treating W^stewater
National Sanitation Foundation, MSF Enilding, Ann Attar, Michigan,
217
-------
TEXT : Covers the 1977 B-ticnal Sanitation Foundation's basic crittria Ecr
special processes, ceepoaeets. or devices used in the haadUr.g, trelt, pH, aai concentrations "of nltccgea jad
phosphorus. Boweaest ot nutrients ffca tfee forest floor into the sell
K«S <, '.urbiditj to 1.5 mu, and total cclifcrs
reduced an a»eraqe tjftl coloaies per 100 ai. Glass sand redact" J total
colifors to bettftee 160 -snd 0 uith IS of 13 sasplts shou'.nq no fec^l
coliforw per 100 ml.
tCCl
AUTMOE
TITLE
iOURCE
YE4B
T£II
L001516
flcnillan, J.D.
Dept. of Ci*il Engiseet J r.q. Uaiversit/ of saine, Otoro, Ralne, OUU69
»u»erical Bodtlliscj c£ Qasite Loeestic Wastenater Disposal
Systems fcr De-ign optimization
Uni»ett"ty ot Haine libraries, Orcno, Baice, 01469
1982
A rsuaerical nodel fcr t
-------
ICCI : 1001518
ItltHCS: State of Paine
irriL: State of Raiae. Dept. of Haaaa Services, Di»islOB of Health
Engineering. Augusta, Saint
HUE J State oJ Raine SaBsarface Waste*atec Disposal Roles: Chapter 2<>t
SOUBCEi Cepattaent of Haass Sejvicfc3c Division o£ fieelth £aeiin?etii!/g. State
Bouse. Statioa Busbcr 10, iuqaata. Raise 0*333 £73 pages)
TtIT s The State ol Heine's subsurface disposal tales govern siting, design.
constructioa. Inspection,, adeisistrat-ioa. feraUtiog. sessoosl
coevetsion. site evaluation, desiqa lisa, «atec Srstee
SOURCE! Biocjcie, 2«(S);51-S2 (2 pag
-------
ICO
IUTRCB
irru
urn
SOflRCl
I£IB
IEII
IOOU23
C.D.
Botdoy Dispattnent. University of Auckland. Men Zealand
so»* Causes of Biological notability ac.d Their tffect en Slqal
Population Levels IB Waste Ticateeat Laccons
Proarest ia Hater Technology. 5 (U> :9i»l-?43 (8 paq»s)
* stable facultative oildatioa lagcon results frca balanced ticlcclcal
and aavironaentai coeponents, e.g.. cjygeo production, nising. crgsolc
decomposition aai teeperature. Variation is these cosjonents cae yield
undesiiable pond conditions of decreased algal populations, oioc
focBAtion, and the estabUtbaent of ofc jsctionablt tacterial rop«latlOBs.
Studies contacted at the nanqera CiidatiOB Ponds, igcitljnd. fee* Zeslaad
ha»e &ho«B these undesirable cosiltioas to occur is the spring a»d
autuBo. Sprina coaditions of rapidly increasicg temperatures aad
accusulatioa ot orqaoic aatter ia tas slujgs aarq° (LOD1171)
Evaluation of Coopost Toilets {LCO 1383)
Life within the CoapoGt'.nc Tciltt
The Greenhouse as a Leacntieli (rOC1301j
Uasteuat er
Facilltr
Wasteudter Secrcling is Ncu Available (L0mi71)
Individual Aerobic Plant Op-tration an-i SaiKtenar.ee (1001150)
E»apotianspiration - The CBesap°als«? bay Stu-iy (1001^73)
The Hichiqan Free-jay Best Mea Systea
Altern.itive fcasteuater Collection Systess for Ssall CcaBunities
Pre.-sui-ized Subsurface Efflcent Cosing (LCC125S)
Macagecent of Alternative SfSte»s (L001J5J)
Design and installation Supervision by an Cnsite tlanage«er,t
District (L00135S)
Design anc! Installation of 3«all Coaounity Systess (LCC12EO)
The Operation jnj maintenance of the Suburbanaer (STEP)
Syste» (LOC1371)
Ooslte Systetss for Ccvelopicq Areas (F2S25)
Innovation in Onsite Treatment Systees
Oicrobial Ecology of an Aerctic Recycling Cnsite "reataent
Plant (L00125QJ
L'se of Shalloa. Lov-Pi cssore Injection Systens in Large and
Stall Installations (1CC12S5)
The Gravity-flew Septic Tant/fiole of Public Agencies and Private
Interests (LC01275)
Innovative and Alternative Technology for EPA's Constrsction
Grants Frogras
The National EPA Saall Wastevater MOKS Clearinghouse
*irus Hoveaent in Groun3wa ter
Septic Systems Leachate Surveys for Rural Lafce Coaoanities
Aerial Sanitary Surveys in Sural Wastewater Planning (LC01278)
Electro-0s«osis
Statns Report on the Poroi (1001188)
Onsite Systees flanagesent
(AU/SKF)
* An abstract for this papei aay te found under this data base file
nuater.
220
-------
ACC» : 1001525
A0TBOE: HcClellaod. B.I.; 'cans. J.E. (editors)
irriL : Rational Ssnitjti.cn FooadaticB
HILE : ledlvldaal Oa-ite Kasteuater SystQBs - Prccaediecs of the
Batlor.el CoefeteacQ. 1990
SOOKli *n« ftrbor Scieace publishers inc., P.O. 601 1825, too iitor, HI S610*
(355 pages)
IE1B : 1931
s Tfc* these of th* Seventh H5F/EFA Katioa*! Canfere-jce on Inilsldaal
Ouslta fcistewater Systeas w«s the appropriate ciSlStatict, of oesSt«
techsolo<3i«s. Speakers Srfiected for the process rspi:es«ated a cccss
teCtlCD of interests in tee asotessater aaosqeBCEt field. The
Proceeding's Capets repojt experiences is tte es* cf a troad
raeqe oi elterneti»es» frca traditioaaX septic tast-soll adeotcticn
evstess to u&ter coBseniatioa-recycle/rease systees sad "
ACCI
1UTHOB
TITLE
SOOBCE
TEAR
TUT
esei£ODBeot*l te^islaticn in tfca BOs: Fcttisq CcBatractioo
Ceases irito Pcrspectiee
Sit tag aad Sizing Ledrh Kields ie Larisfr Ccont* (10010865*
Sflcction ot en Appropriate Bastoaatet Cisposal Stste* {f2365)
ElectEO-Oaa
-------
vere inslsaif leant. Storage ct atttrieet inputs «ere eucb higher IB tfc«
uttural Cc»* than is the setiaqe-esr iched fioee.
1001527
S«ttdhu, S.5.; Hdtree, H.J.; Bee4.t.
Scutfa Carolina Stale College, ccaa<;« tor? , sostfa CaroUsa. «s»a Claflln
Colieqe, Craagebutro. Soatfe Caroliaa
Hoieaeot «ad fregraflstlCB of Stptic Tank Pollataats la Sell
South Carolisa State Colltqe. OraoqetBrq. South Carolina. feeseatch
Bulletin fco. 20 (32 pages)
1981
Fre£«ntf! * study cf the node as* extent of transport of arsenic, lleccr
alkylfcenicse salfcnete (IASJ. aad cclifcra 'jrcup organlsas tioa the
point cf tfe«lr disc&acqe to tbe crisV.iaq niter scLplf sources of th*
rural coussn it ies. tbe degraraa»Bte! Council
PeBDsyl»B£,iIie
-------
mil '• Bept.'of Soil aBi*Ea»tionneat«l 5cleac«, CBlsersity cf Califoraia,
Sitn&lZe, C-illfcrnie '
T1HJ t Soil Conditioning effects of Ran 1 c 1;.»I 5
SOU 1C t: Aterlcae Society of Civil rnjin*ets. 31S
Tork. |!
. . . , _ CgBCCSt
East «7tL 5trect. Ben rctfe^ B*«
IEIT 8 T»ts retort describes en eiperieent xfeich qaast It at i eel j ne*s@refi 4kg
effect of j>e*aa<] sludge oa Lho physical properties of recelsiag setls I
t»tBB of foal factorcj (1) bulk J«asity: (2> bfdraalic cos: and (riia
;E and
coadttictij, that aost frequently cause £.jto-kn, Tclro US
Cept. ot Ci»il Eoq inwor ina, Tohcta University 3endai 960, Jsf)
qical Ctogqing of Sand aad Chaaqes of Cfjanic Ccestituents tor
n
ing
aaa
Eioln
Artificial
Hater Eesearcb 17(7>:813-e:i (9 paqes)
1983
t Japanese eiperisent analyzes the ttclcqlcal clogqina process aad
constitutional cnanqe of organic coepounds under prolome<3 sab»-«ir
The bioloqicil cloqging ptoccss is divided into three itaqes: aetctic
cericd. transittcnal petioa, and aoacrcbic relied. lof lit ration rate
throuqb each staqe is aoaljzed. Also, a eqoatica wBich ceo predict
the chanqc of accuau la ted specific dischar-je is derioed froa
eiperlceatal results. (AU/SWf)
KCI
1UTHOI
IFflL
tint
SOUECE
Ut(
tEIT
1001535
Seidel, K. ; Flllp, 2.: Direr. H.
lastitut far Wasser- , Eoden-und Lufthygiene des EendesqesoBdheitsaites
Corrensplatz 1. C-1000 e«rlin 33. West Ger«aiT
CistribBtioo of Enteric Viruses and RicroorqaoisBS in Lca9-T
-------
»CC» :
iUTHOS:
ATFIL J
TITLE :
SOUBCt:
TEAS 2
TEXT :
slightly decreased. Potentially patboqenic bacteria were not detected
la soil belou 90 ca, (AU)
L001S36
Lance, J.C.: Gerba, C.P.
U.S. kater Conservation Laboratory. U.S. Oept. of Agriculture,
Phaasiis, irizonia
Vitas Seaoval uith Land Filtration
•»«t*r^Seu5e, Ann ..r&cr Science Publishers, ian icbcr, aicfcigan
Oescribes factors controlliaq virus soveseut and survival through
varicas soils
-------
•ar involve roa crops, nos-ro» fcr«qe crops, or an ictercropping of
60th. Forested systess arc limited to slou-rate irrgaticn
application. The aanageafcist of a forested systea deptrds en forest
cover tjrpos, soil, hydrology aad ciisate. The article discasses
research needed in overland £io«. ilou rate, and forested syste«s.
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
L0015U1
Coiqley, J.T.
University of Hiscousin. nafiisca. Wisconsin
Isproved Design Criteria for fteratioo oystess
Aeration Industries. Inc.. Haieltine Gates. Chaska. lianesota
,llo2 paqes)
Presents Bhole-basin circulation as an energy efficient way to control
solids is an aerated lagoon svstee. Becbaolcal characteristics, eiaiaq
and oxygen transfer advantages, aad uinter p^rtccaance sdsaataqes of
the Aire-02 aeration systae for laqooa trejtaeat are discussed.
Detailed lagoon perfor»aace data are reported. Includes a case history
of the upcradiz><; of th« Suobtata. ainnesota aasteaater treataent plant
where an Aire-o2 systea was aided. Cesiqs escalations for coaplete
and partially sized ponds are ^isec.
ACCI i L0015M2
AOIHOR Bitten. G.; Farrab, S.3.; Hakia. B.R.: Butner. J.: Chou. T.J»
AFFIL Deft, of EnBironuental Eagineeci.Afj Scieoce<; and the Oept. of
Hiccobioloqy ancj Coll Sciences. Oniversity of Florida, Gain»s»ille,
Florida
TITLE Survival of Pathogenic and Indicatcr Oraanlsoc in Ground Uater
SOUKCE Ground Uater, 21 (4) :U05-U10 (6 ?a3e«)
TEXT A cosparatise study vas undertakes OB the decay rates of three
bacterial tyocs (i. t/phiauriaa, E. coli, and S. faecalis), an
enteravirus {poliovirjs tTp« 1), ard a bacterial phsqe .ag'3 tr-eatcent aersted lagoon. Test sar.ples were taken
fr?« por.d, snow pa:>c, and runoff. Saow was produce! priaarily in
February, although attempts were Bade in aarch and April. Physical
appearance and odor of uastewater snow was siniiar to natural sncw.
Specific pollutants, fecal cclifcrB bacteria concentration, total
dissolved sol^is, BOD-5, and pa ail decreased during the e^
period. (SHFj
225
-------
»CCI
•UTHOS
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEXT
L0015Q5
Heath. R.
assistant director. Institute of Cowecnoeat. Chapel Hill. Nctth
Carolioa
Sootfaeestecn State and Local Eetjulalcrr Frcgraes for On-51te Se«aqe
Treateeot Systeas *
1982 Southeastern On-Site Tceataent Conference. the Borth Carolina
Division of Health Services &ai the Soil Scieece CepartEeot. B.C.
State University. Raleigh, North Carolina (3 pages)
Presents the sioiiarlties aai (UffereeceE anoaq site evaluation,
('emits, pereit considerations and fees, jurisdiction at state and
state-local levals, regulation enfctcesent. administrative and
judicial appeals. certification or registration of sanitarians, aufi
the authoEilv of cities, counties, an2 districts to ir,=tall tn5
Baintain septic tanks iu Berth Carolina. Soath Carolina. Sirqinla.
Tennessee. Kentucky. aa
-------
ADTHOE
ATFIL
TITLE
JOUECE
TEAS
TEXT
Dedaan. B.L.
John ColeBan Hayes and Associates. lac.. 2401 Killsbcrc R-3..
Kachville. Tennessee 312t 2
Ssall 3iat£tei: Seuei Ai tei r.a t i ves, tackqican'i and lutrcluctico
* Tennessee kater Duality Association Presentation. 5et. 12, l?e:
? 982
Usinj an outline ind overheads, the iccusemt dlrcosies Tejr.c-^st e'r
arouinq healta hazard associated with the hiJh cost of septic tanks and
toe lack of enforcement action to ccrrf.-ct failina systess. "=sall-
diaaeter sewers ace offyreias ar. eccaosical al tera.iU we to the
Jjd-por-toct cost of builainc. convcBticial qtj»its sowers. C-tceral
coapariscDS ace eatie 3 dosing eqoipsent;
site evaluation including such areas as zoning, easeaents. sicpe and
surface drainage of terrain, land use, and design and field layout;
soil evaluation including quality, structure, teituie. and
classification; inforeiation necessary to apply fcr a subsurface
uasteuater disposal perreit; special considerations such as variances tc
the rules, cluster systeas, and aalfutctiouing systess. (SWF)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAB
TEXT
LC01553
Seed, S.C.
USACBREL, Hanover, NH
Design, Operation and Baintenance of land Application Syste»s for
ton Cost Vasteuater .reatnent
Horkshop for Lou-Cost Hasteyater Treataent. Cleasos. S.C.,
April 19-21. 1963
1983
Reasons for land application's popularity are given along uith aids
227
-------
10 gaining puulic acceptance for la&d application projects. Erlef
descriptions of slo« rate. rapid infiltration, *oi overland flo« are
discussed. Site selection reguiteeents and systev -Jesiqn criteria
are trovided for eoch of the {tree technologies. SSill reqeireacnts,
stdffinq Deeds, site aanaqeaeat and oonitorinq systea d«?Haods
are also discussed for each of the tbre«s technologies. (S«FJ
ACCI
AUtHOB
SOU8CF
TEAR
TEXT
Station. T2; and aisccasln Ceo
logical
11 Scal<
art
L00155«
Catlila. C.L.; Tyler. E.J.
Texas Afcfl University, Coileqa jvuvivju. i«. <»i.>i-uu^j.u -jeuiuuivoi e
Natural History Surrey, Departsent of Soil Science, and Saall Scale
Waste Banaqeeeat Project. Uoieecsity of KiscoBSin, Sadlson, «I
Besearch Heeds-Soil Sciecce aad Sail Absorption ct tfsstenater. and
Critique of Besearch Seeds-Soil Science RbsorptioB of tfastenater
Proceedicgs fro« a Workshop ar Pesearci Seeds Keletioq to Sell
absorption of tfastenater. Colorado State Uniuersity. Fort Collins.
CO. June 1-3, 1983
1983
Presents the research needs related tc soil science an<5 onsite
wastfe^ater systess discus&eti at the SSF-spooscred accksaop on Ecsearch
Beudu Relating to Soil Absorption of sasteuatcr. The presentaticii
by Dr. Carlile and critique by Dr. tyler esplair how probltas Kith
septic tank/soil abscrptian can cause eventual failure of the systflo.
Ther both aiscess the tcseacch required to solve protleee IB the
following areas.: biological clogging o-it. hfdraollc soil properties,
systee desi-jo, and l«rqe systems. (5UF)
ACCI : 100(555
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
VESF.
TEIT
Olivier!, V.P.; Morrison, S.fl.
Envroasental Hajlth Engin&eriaq, Johns Hopkins Oniverslty,
Baltiaore, HO asd the Departaent of flictobio]oqy and Environmental
Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. CO
Besearh Needs-He»1tb Implications of Bacteria and Parasites in
Soil Absorption of fcasteuater
Proceedinqs fros a Hockshop on Research Seeds Pelatinqtc Atsctpticn
of aasteueter. Colorado St to the norkshcp presentation by Cikcra and a
critique of the pro.sntat von bj Lindsay. (AU/SHF)
ACCI
AUTHOR
AFFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
TEAR
TEXT
LOCI 557
Sobsey, S.C.; Cliver, D.O. .
Dept. of Environ»ental Sciences and Engineering, Scht
Health, University ci :icrth Cjtclir.d, Chipei Hiil, >
Rescacci. institute, and Sept. of 3 jcter icloqy, Univer
icol of Futlic
SC and Food
;rsity of
Wisconsin, Kadiccn, WI
Viroicqy Consiceraticns in ?oil Atsocption of Wastenater: Review
of the Literature ar.d Research Needs ....«•,
Proceedinas troa a Workshop on Research deeds Reltiaq tc Soil
Absorption of Hastenster, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado, June 1-3, 1983 (56 pages)
1 9 H 3
Presents research need ccncerninq enteric viruses and scil abscrcticn
systees for treating; uastenater. Susairiies tcpics in the follcwinq
cateqories: tnteric viruses; septic tanks and septic wastes; scil
228
-------
atsorptice sTstees: field stedies; relationships ttaeen enteric
viruses. tecal indicator bacteria and ether «aste»ater coasf totents;
predictive eodeis foe deslqn aad operation of oR-site and sewage
treataeot systeos. locledes a suoaary, an introduction to the
preseatetioa. Sofesej's preEeetation, ocd diver's critique cf the
ACCI :
AOTSOS:
AFF1L :
TITLE C
SOOBCE:
IEAB :
TEST
L0015S8
EP4-US; Urban Scientific and Es^ironaental Besearch. nc.
£n»irotta«Etal ProtectioB iqeacj. Office o£ Hater Ptograe Operations
Hasbiaqton, D.C., 20560
Affluent Eflleent: Sen Choices is »a£te«ater Treeteest
O.S. EPS-Office of L'atec Froqras Operations, Publication («H-5«7>
Inc.
Provides detailed ioforaatioa CD each of the case studies presented
io the £ila, ""Affleeat Efflsect". The cases are divided icto foot
categories: ossite end saall systeas, conweoticaal treatnoat »ith
altaratise or lanc\?ati?e aSd-oas. aon-eoawentional iysi«isse eed
noa-strectaral approaches fot uasteaster Baaaceaent. Cites contacts
foe fncthec iafocestion follotfiag each case bistorj-. (ao/SUF)
«UTBOE:
iFFIi :
TITLE I
SOliSCE:
TE4B :
TEXT :
LOOt5S9
Keeft. S.C.
Senior EDuironsjental Engiceer. D.S. A ray Cold Regions Research end
Enqiseerieij Labotatory. Hanover. BH
Bitroqen Ecsosal in Uasteuatec slstilization Pcnds
PreeeaeeS at 56th Attacal Conference of the Water Pollution Control
Fadasratiea. Oct. 2-7. 1933« Atlanta. Georgia (27 pages)
A ratioael procedure for estimating nitrogen renewal in facultc^lve
Ha&teaeter v,ta fei liza ti on ponds has Keen developed and vralidate-.l. The
procedure, based on first-order plug-flou kinetics, is depesdeat on
pH, teeperature, and residence tiae. The aodel uas developed free
extensile date obtained at four facoltatife ponds irs various parts of
the U.S. asd was validated uiih independent aeto £roa fiire pond systees
in the U.S. ted Cacada. The procedure should be useful t^ienever
It
Tstez desiqc criteria require niticqen re»o»al or nitrl .ticaticn.
should be patt icularly helpful for the poncl coeponent oi land
treatoent sfstens when nitrogen is the lisitintj dfsiq& parasetcr. («0)
JlCCI
AUTEQfi
AFPIL
TITLE
SOUECE
TEXT
L001560
Gloyna, l-f-i Tischler. L.F.; Ford, D.L.
UaiversitT or Teras. Engineering Science, Austin, TX
LOM-Cost Sfsteas arid the Future
lou-Cost Kastewater Treataent Workshop, Cleason, S.C., April 19-21,
1963 (IB pages)
1983
Presents an owerslfn of xaste stabilization pona systess and
provides perforaance data for both doeestic ant industrial systees.
Secocnizes a need for sore flexibility in effluent total suspended
solids limitations for statiliiation ponds and recosoends neu
procedures for etaluatinq statilization pond perforoance. (S«F)
ACCI
AUTHOE
AFFIL
TITLE
SODBCE
TEAS
T£II
L001561
Uebler, B.L.
Soil Specialist, Sanitation Branch, N.C. Division of Health Services,
Green»ille. NC
Treatcent of Hastewater by Soil AbsorptiCD as Affected ty Loading
Bate and Soil Aaeajsents
1962 Southeastern On-Site Treatnent Conference Frcc^edinqs. Berth
Carolina Division of Health Ser»ices and Soil Science Depart»ent,
K.C. State University (4 pages)
•t n o T
Presents a study cosparinq ?aricus uastewater leading rates and the use
of ceaent and liae aaend»ents on wasteyater tre«t«ent ty sell
absorption. The anendsents- stabilized the hydraulic properties cf the
trenct/soil interface and created a sore fawcretle en»irocBert fcr
nitrification. Differences in aaaoniuB or nitrete concentration
betueen loading rates Mere not significant. FrcridtS graphs cf
amoniua and nitrate concentrations o»er tise. (SWF)
ACCI : L001562
AUTHOfi: Ma««er, D.E.: Kadlec. R.H. ,
AFFIL : Depart«ent ot Che«ical Enqineering, University of Michigan, Ana Arbci
HA aei09
TITLE : Desiqn Principles for Wetland Treattent Systess (Frolect Saeiiry)
SOOBCE: Project Suciary - U.S. EPA - Research and DeveIcpnent, flay V)83
229
-------
EP»-600/S2-«3-02S (8 pages)
IE1B : 1983
Beports kej findieqs ftoa research deal lug with design priocloles for
net land treate^Bt. Provides tables OB$ graphs of eslstlocj wetleaiS
processes* Equaticss expressing esss trccste: of cootaeinactE are
derived. Lists aad discusses Key itess for e .tiaatioa costs aad
operation of netlaud systeas. (SBF)
KC»
IOTH03
TITLE
SOD8CE
IEAR
TEXT
L001563
Chan, H.T.: S»kes, J.F.
Ootacio Hroro, 600 Eiplinq i»e., Toconta, Oattaric. Canada; aofl th«
I'civecsitr of Haterloo. Waterloo, Cotaslo. Ca&sds
Grosnd-Mater RoaeiiBq Beneath a Large Leeching Bed
Grosad Matsc. 22«l)s 36-93 (8 pages) ;
an 84 e (276 ft) fcy 6e e (205 ft) experimental leaching bed
coastrocted to receive the seconder? efflaeet frou toe soruocd, Cttarlo
sewage treatseat pleat, the tfistritetioa svstea consisted -of. ICO-sa
disaster perforated pip«s laid 2.1 a apart in 0.05 a wide trenches.
TBS Bale soil laf-jr at tfe« test site ass saadf silt. GrcHod-estec
levels at the site eera ae«sorea af prosiesself «eesiy at 36
oarioo of abset 2 1/2 yeacs, 4a iaitia'i hjacaelic
n reduced
of
leeel
foe a ntf
122.700 1/daf caosed Eacfacf,-',
1/doy uas tbea osea lor aost of , , ,
fluctuations beEeatfe and adlaceat to tbe I.eachieg ted eere
to seasonally sajyinq lefiiCratios asd iivdraelic loadisq.
expeciDeatsl data aezo sisjalate^ asiag & tcaasieBt two-iiseesioaal.
phreatic integrated depth Iisite-eieasat acae.l o&d an eealftic sciatica
foe H.D.
Domestic Waste Disposal by Evapotranspiration
1992 Southeastern OB-Site Trtsteent Conference Proceedinqs, Sortb
Carolina Division of Health Services and the Soil Science Dc-partBCBt,
X.C. State University (0 paqeb)
Presents a study to detersine the feasability of ET systees as an
alternative aeans of do»estic ua^tewater disposal for Arkansas. i
coaflned E* system uas constructed £ro» sediuB sard and talj fescue.
It was sonitored for one year duri^q vXich the potential evaporation
exceeded the rainfall by 450 as. Ccapoter siaulations of the E? systeu
constructed at six locations in Arkansas indicated tbet when realistic
effluent loadinq rates, rainfall, surface areas, aad depths were used
the ET systea would fall 10 souths after cooplete vecetative cover uas
established. Thus, che ET syste» is not a viable alternative tor
lonq-ter« doaestic waste disposal it Arkansas. (AU/SHF)
ICC I :
iUTKOR:
L001567
Carlile, B.L.; nessick, J.K.
230
-------
Ealeosion Sell Specialist. Soil aafl Crop Sciences feept., Texas 468
Oolvarslty, College Statloa. Teias, ORd igriceltura Besesrcb
Techfeiciaa. Soil Scieece Oc( SB2 spsteuE appear to Eacrtion eqeall; or ocly
sliqntly better tk«e tka con^entionel sy£tea on loe-petcoiatiaq soils.
The V-treBcb. tssinij qtafit? diatEibatioa. feactloeed finch tetter asd
•Dpeaea to offer «0 to SO percept geedtar atsctptios potastial.
iCCe : LOQ1566
IOTB08: Uebler, B.L.
irriL : Soil Specialist, Sanitatiob Branch, Berth Carolina DiTislon of Health
Sereiees, Gre<6B»ille, sc
TlftE : Desiqa of Lov;-?se-EE!!re Pips Kasheaater Treateent Sjrsteas
SOUBCE: 1982 5oatbe?s t«CB Od-S5.tr- Seteqa trestaeat Conference PsrocQedinqs,
EoctJi Catoiif,& Divisioa os aealtb Services aad the Soil Scieuce
Departaeni, B.C. State Ucisecsity J5 paqss)
|E»B : 196?
TEXT : Di&cesses bo« lou-pcessore pipe doeed sycteas overcoee .soil
llait«tioeso Provides a brief de.slqn example fee the LPP EjEteo
including: systee lafoiit. dosing rate d e tet-ninaticn , puap
and dosinq voluae. includes tables aao figoreE. (SUF)
tCCI
tUTHOR
TITLE
SOOBCZ
IEJT
1001569
e. C.H.
Sell Science Cepartnea*, M.C. State t)B}»6tslty, Paleiqh, SC
Electticai Coattols fee Pressu t€-f
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10TH09: toattx, E.B.
miL : D«partBeBt ol Agricultural EsqiseeriBq. Ooiverslt; of tels^are.
TITLE i On-Slt«*01sposal *loeq an Estoary
SOOICE* 1982 Soatbeastern OR-Site Treateebt Coeieresca Proceedisss. ierttj
Carolina Division of Health ser«ices aa a iesc c fs p t lo o of
duties of Tennessee's Chief Soil consultant. {
ACC»
AUTHOB
IfFIL
TITLE
SOURCE
If»R
TEIT
L001575
Ralph, D.J.: Vanderhola, D.R.; Leutke, U.t.
/iqrlcoltural Enqiaecrlnq Dept.. Uni«ersity of Illinois, Orbana, IL
Becirculatinq Sand Filter for Onsite Sexaqe Treat-«3nt in Areas with
Soils Unsuitable for Seepage Fields
£aerican Society of Aqicultaral Enqinters, Paper Sio. T9-2587, presented
at the 1979 Sinter fleetinq, Hyatt Segency Hotel, He« .Or.eacs, LA,
Dec. I1-1H, 1979 (11 ?aqes)
1979
Presents a study cooparinq four different types cf fcedia in a
recirculating saed filter. All saefles frc» the filters were analyzed
for total and suspended solids, anacoia, orqacic nitrccsea, and cJieaical
osjgeo denanil. the four »edi-i selected were: tea acarel. »ediuj sand.
teitOB «sh, and a flyasb-bottoa ash aisture. All tour types of ae
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with a eeste stabilization peed eas e7«etti«llf chcsee. Presides a cost
coaparisos table o£ the nations alternatives. Kicbliqhts factors uhlch
should hw coosidered ia &BT evaluation of pressore ssuecs »s. gravity
covets. (S'.T)
233
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Section I?
IBDE2E3
AUTHOR IBDEX
Abeliovich-A L0010«0
Abnet-JL 1.00000*1, L000017,
AckeraaR-HA LOC075U
Adcian-DD L001178
Ahluualia-G L001336
Ahsed-R LOOU10
Airvac LC01U76
Alaily-F 1.000962
Alduorth-GA L000715. L00086:
Alford-KR LOOOS1J6
Alleaan-D LCCC072
Alpect-JE L001231
Alsten-CB L000728
Alvaces da Silva-HOS LCC0552
Alvord-^i L0003C6
Auadon-JF L001120
Anato-PU L001169
Aaeraan-CS L000978
Aaund.ion-5 L000871
Andersan-WK-Jr L000187,
LOG;027
Anderson-BD L0009U6
Anderson-DL LOOIUftS
Anderson-EL L001105, L001229
Anderson-JL L00021d, L000222,
L000258, 1000760, LCOOfil'J,
L000926. LOG0938, L0012'5,
L001313, L001512
AodersoD-H.r. L000558
Aoderson-SA L00089«
Andreoli-A L000704
Andrews-WF LOG0503
Applegreo-H L000078
Acastrosg-BC L00^017,
Arestrosg-JH L001035, LOOI036
Atastrong-JH LC00138
Acoa-G L001271
Asp:=ia-EB L000529, LOOOS56
Attfield-HO LOOQ6G9
Ioleabach-D3 L000030, L0001«6
Austern-BB 1000025
A»ci-CB L001130
Awerett-CE L0003U7
Averill-J LOC0955
£vDiaelech-Y L001U28
Ajars-JE LOQ0487
Azov-? LOC0928
ASCE-HY L000291. L000202
Baar-HD L000263
MP L000599
Bailey-JH L000126, L00026a.
LG00293
Baker-FG L000032. L000066,
LOOOIUS. L000?13, LG00690,
L000722, L000811. L000966
Baker-LK 1001111. LOOT 379
Ball-HL L000996
Balaec-P L00093U
BaBbenek-EA L000330
Bancj-HJ-Jr L000352
Barbarick-EA I.0002U1
Barber-RE L001363, L001 391
Barnes-D L000788
23U
-------
Barnett-EL L001290
Barnhill-KG L000706
Barcor-RF 1001067, LC010S8,
Barrows-HE L000735
8airons-RL 1000821
Bacshied-RD L0009aO
Barth-EF L001368, L001100
Bartilucci-8 L000709
Bactiood-HL L001072
Basha-CJ L001«72
Basiouny-FR 1001*165
Bas£i«n-jy L00131Q
Bastiac-BS L001078
Basu-D L000963, 1000981
Batz-wa L001198
Bauaana-ER L00016T
Ba,u«gartner-DJ L00029U
Bausua-HT L001224
Bayle^-SE L001032
Beace-JA L001001
Baatty-MT 10002^3. L000809
Beck-AF L000463
Beck«ith-CA L001003
Bedient-PB L001«a3
Beer-CE LOOOT20. LCOC246.
L0012U9
Bfell-HF LOOOOU1
Belaans-C L0015tt8
Bender-UH L000221
Bendixen-T« L000278, LC00295,
L000296, L000297, L000298,
L000355
Benedek-A L000678
Benjes-aH-Jr L000637
Bennett-ER LOOOIUU, L000201,
1.000217, L000299, L000300,
L0007«5, L001107, L001347
Bennett-J LOQ0785
Beanett-SH L000301
Beaoit-BJ L000293
Beat-BG LCOQ25G
Berkf»uitz-SJ LCQ0997
Beraardia-FE L000002
Bernhart-AP L0001