-------
        TABLE 12.  MEDFORD AND OCONTO FALLS TRICKLING  FILTER
                        SOLUBLE BOD REMOVAL DATA
Parameter
Facil i ties data
Number ot tillers in
serv ice
Filter depth, it.
Filter diameter, ft
Media type
Specific surface, sq ft/
cu ft
Wastewacer characteristics"
Plant flow, mgd
Recycle clow, mgd
Temperature, degrees C
Primary effluent soluble
BODs, mg/i
Filter soluble carbonaceous
BODi}, mg/1
Removal rate
*20' (gpm/sq ft)
coef f icient 0 . 5
f'.edf ocd
da ta


1
14
140
Plastic

27

9.0
4.1
21.0

57

U


2.3x10-3
Occmto Falls ti
Phase 1


2
6
38
Rock

13.5

0.341
0.610
12.9

30

5


8.7x10-3
Fhase 2


2
6
38
Rock

13.5

0.400
0. 622
1-1.9

20

8


3.8x10-3
eld Investigation
Phase 3


2
fa
38
Rock

13.5

0.41 a
0.528
17.3

25

7


4.8x10-3
Phase 4


1
6
38
Rock

li.5

0.398
0.266
17.8

28

8


7.8x10-3
aMedtord:  based  :>n 13 sets  of samples collected between 6/:26/84  and 8/1/84;  Oconto
 Falls:  phase  rivorages from field investigation.
                                      58

-------
Influence ot TF BOD Loading

    The  effect  of TF  BOO-  loadir.q  on TF/SC  performance  is
important because designers and operators must  know  how  much  load
can oe  applied  to  the  filters  before  performance  is  adversely
affected.   Sarner12  -^ted  tnat  the settling characteristics  of
sludge  from high-rate  TFs are  poor  and may be  related to the
activity ot sicughed microorganisms.  He  noted that in  a  biofilm
process high organic load  will encourage  fast  biofilm gro. *:h and
sloughirg  of  solids  that  have  a  low  age.   Pavoni,  et a I.,13
performed batch experiments on suspended growth systems  and noted
that maximum coagulation ot  the  bacteria occurred  during the
endogenous  phase  of growth.    Extracellular  polymer production
increased during the endogenous growth phase  and  was the  probable
cause of better coagulation.  Based on the results from  suspended
growth  experiments,  it  seems  plausible  that  increases  in  BOL'5
loading may  have  an   adverse  effect  on  TF  sludge  settling
characteristics  because  ot   increased  organism activity  and
concurrent decrease in  polymer production.

    In  Phase  4 of the  Oconto Falls field investigation, one  of
the two TFs  was  taken out of  service to  determine the  impact  of
doubling  the  filter 6005  loading.   The  Oconto  Falls plant was
operated with one filter tor only 2 weeks.  Final  effluent SS and
total  8005  concentrations were  substantially  higher  at  the
95  percent confidence  level than  in  the  other three  phases
(Table  13).   The  effect  of  BOD5  loading on secondary  effluent
quality may have been more significant if  the plant had  continued
to  operate  with  only  one  filter for  a  longer  period   (see
Appendix B).   The TF  mode  (Phase  3)  performed as well  as TF/SC
(Phase  2)  at  Oconto Falls  and  may be  due  to  the short  contact
time and filter  sloughing  that occurred  in Phase  2.   Differences
in performance are discussed in a later  section.

    Correlations  between  filter  BOD5  loading  and  final
effluent SS  were  developed for Corvallis, Medford,  and  Tolleson
(Table  14).   Typically,  the daily  filter BOD5 loadings  were
between 10  and  40 ppd/1,000 cu ft-  A  statistically  significant
but  not strong  correlation between filter  8005  loading  and
final  effluent  quality  was  obtained  at  Corvallis;  the  results
(Figure 15) agree  reasonably  well  with  earlier Corvallis  results
published  by  Norris,  et  al.14   A significant  correlation  at
Tolleson was  also  obtained,  but  the strength of   the  correlation
was weaker  than  the  Corvallis correlation.   At Medford,  loading
did not have a significant effect  on  final effluent  SS.   Tne
possible reason for this  lack of  correlation is discussed in the
next section.

Influence of SS

    The influence of primary effluent  and  TF  effluent  SS  on TF/SC
performance will  be  addressed in  this  section.   Sarnerl2 noted

                               59

-------
              TABLE 13. EFFECT OF TRICKLING FILTER LOADING
                      ON OCONTO FALLS PERFORMANCE
Parameter value
Parameter
Raw influent
Flow, mgd
BOD5, mg/1
Suspended solids, rag/1
Primary effluent
t'low,a mgd
BOi)5, my/1
Suspended solids, mg/1
Filter effluent
BOD5, mg/1
Carbonaceous BODj, mg/1
Suspended solids, mq'l
Secondary effluent
8005, mg/1
Carbonaceous BOD5 , mg/1
Suspended solids, mg/1
Filters in service
Filter 6005 loading, ppd/
1,000 cu ft
Filter hydraulic loadii.g rate,
gpm/sq ft
Phase 1

0.342
114
136

0.346
74
71

51
2-1
69

14
9
10
2

15.7

0. 30
Phase 2

0.394
139
191

0.400
66
57

100
61
189

23
11
13
2

16.2

0.31
Phase 3

0.328
153
238

0.415
54
55

38
21
31

22
11
11
2

13.7

0.29
Phase 4

0. 396
123
152

0.407
57
56

60
35
86

31
15
18
1

28.5

0.41
^Includes raw influent and secondary waste tlows.
                                      60

-------
        TABLE 1*».   CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TRICKLING FILTER  LOADING
                             AND  TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Corre lationa
x-vanable
Cor va Hi s
BOD5 load
BOD5 load
Primary effluent SS
TF effluent SS
Medforrt
BCi)5 load
BOD5 load
Primary effluent SS
TF effluent SS
'1'olleson^
bOD load
BUD load
Primary effluent SS
TF effluent SS
y-variab le
Corvallls
Final effluent SS
TF effluent SS
TF effluent SS
Fir.al et fluent SS
Hertford
Final effluent SS
TF effluent SS
TF effluent SS
Final effluent SS
Tollesond
Final effluent SS
TF effluent SS
TF effluent SS
Final effluent SS
SI
Regression
equa tion

y
y
y
y



y
y

y
y
y
y

- 5.7 +
- 47.8
= 26.4
- 5.7 +

_c
_c
- -1 .1
- 4.3 t

- 4.4 +
- 19.3
- 20.0
- 2.7 +

0.22*
t 0.71x
t 0.50x
0.059X



+ 2. IX
0.049X

0. 15x
+ 0.1 5x
+ 0.034X
0.25X
•atistlcal dotan

n

103
103
249
249

39
.6
_9
J9

135
135
141
141
r

0.
0.
0.
0.



42
22
7o
2b

0.046
0.
0.
0.

0.
0.
0.
0.
06
60
54

29
19
39
42
F

21
J
331
20



. T
.4
. l
.3

0.079
0.
20
15

12
4
23
29
19
.4
.6

.6
.7
.3
.7


1 .
0.
1 .
1 .

0
0
1 .
1 .

0.
0.
t .
'•
PF

ouo
978
"
-------
2 |
o b
si
LU UJ
z
u.
26

24 -

22 -

20 -

18 -

16 -

14 -

12 -

10 -

 8 -

 6 -

 4 -

 2 -
               KEY
                D WET SEASON
                + DRY SEASON
REGRESSION LIME FOR
DATA POINTS OM GRAPH
                       CORVALLIS OREGON: 4/3/83-3/29/84

                       STATISTICAL DATA
                         y- 6.67 +0.215x
                         r - 0.42
                         f -21.1
                         Pc - 1.000
                          r               O
                        •REGRESSION LINE
                        FROM NOHRI3. ET AL.'
          8
        —1—
         10
  —I—
   12
—I—
 14
—I—
 16
—l—
 18
—I—
 20
—T~
 22
—i	r
 24
                                                                   26
                     TRICKLING FILTER BOD LOADING, ppd/1,000 cu ft

       FIGURE  15.  EFFECT OF TRICKLING FILTER BOD LOADING ON
      FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT CORVALLIS, OREGON
                                  62
-------
that  the  removal  mechanisms   for  dissolved and  particulate
organics   in  bioEilrns   are  different,  and  that  the   renuval
mechanisms are  interdependent.   Sarner presented  results  for  Tb'
plants  that  showed  for  a  given  filter  8005  loading,  final
effluent  SS increased  when SS  concentrations  entering  the  r F
were  increased.   These results  suggest that  primary effluent
SS  as  well as  filter  6005  loading  may  affect  final effluent
qua 1 i ty -

    Results  presented   in  Table  14  show  that  final effluent
SS were correlated  with  TF effluent  SS, which  c.re most sensitive
to primary effluent SS.   The equations tor  the  regression lines
describing  the  relationship  between  filter  effluent  and  final
effluent  SS  at  Corvailis  and  Medford are  surprisingly  similar,
although  the strength of  the  correlation  is  weaker it  Corvailis.
As  noted  earlier,  the  correlation between  filter  ^005  loadino
and final effluent SS was not significant  at Medford, por  was  cue
correlation between  filter  8005  loading and filter  effluent  SS
These results suggest  that  in the range of  filter  6005  loadings
studied  in  this project, filter  BOD^  loading  is  important only
when it affects the concentration of  TF effluent SS.

    At the  low  filter  8005 loadings  studied in the  project,  the
amount of exocellular polymer produced by  the TF organisias may  be
so large  that changes in organism activity  do not  produce  adverse
affects on settling  characteristics.    Figures  16  and 17  show  the
correlation  betweer primary effluent  SS  and  final  effluent  SS
at  Medford.  TF  effluent  SS increase  as primary  effluent  SS
increase;  likewise,  final  effluent  SS increase with TF  effluent
SS.   As   Sarnerl2  stated  in  interpreting  his data,  one does  not
know whether  the   solids  in  the  trickling  effluent  are  fine  or
colloidal particles originating in  the  primary  effluent,  or
whether the characteristics of  these  solids  are  quite  different.
In either case,  there  seems to  be  a relationship  between  the
primary effluent  suspended  solids and  the  TF  effluent SS, and,
consequently, the  final effluent  SS.   These  results  underscore
the need  for efficient primary treatment.
                           MEDIA TYPE
    The  effect  of media  type on  TF/SC  performance was  studied
by  performing  microscopic  examinations  on the  TF  effluent  and
mixed  liquors  at  different  plants.   Data from previous work
were  used for Tolleson^ and Corvailis.^  The  intent of  the
microscopic examinations  was to  provide  information  on  the
fundamental  differences  between  TF  biological  solids formed  in
rock media and plastic media.   Results are shown in  Table  15.   In
addition to  the  information on  microscopic  characteristics,
filter  BODc, loading,  SVI, and suspected operating  conditions
are also presented

                               OJ
-------
      160
g


8
o
UJ
O
d.
s
  o

u
tc
            MEDFORD, OREGON: 4/1/84-7/31/84

            STATISTICAL DATA
               y - -1.06 + 2.1 1x
               r-0.60
               F - -310.4
          15
                PRIMARY EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION,


FIGURE 16.  CORRELATION BETWEEN PRIMARY EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS
        AND TRICKLING FILTER EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT
                          MEDFORD, OREGON
                                  64
-------
to

Q

_l

O
in
D  .
Z Z
uj o


S5
w a



i§
<
z
15





14





13 -





12 -





1 1 -





10 -










 8 -





 7 -





 6 -





 5 -





 4
            MEDFORD, OREGON: 4/1/84 - 7/31/84


                            O


            STATISTICAL DATA



              V • 4 S3 + 0.048x

              r • 0,54

              F - 15.6

              Pc - 1.000
                                           an  a
                                              en a
          20       40      60       BO       100      120      140      160





            TRICKLING FILTER EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION, mg/i




 FIGURE 17. CORRELATION BETWEEN FILTER EFFLUF.NT SUSPENDED SOLIDS


      AND FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT MtDFORD, OREGON
                                     65
-------
TABLE 15.  SUMMARY OF MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS FOR TF/SC PLANTS
M,f
7/ 1 0. J4
8/9/B4
6/13/tU

3^21/84'
e/n/sd
7/2S/80
6/4 .'80
PLAflT
CK1UON
HE Of CWD
QCDNTQ ?Ai_LS
T3lLcSON
TGL.ESON
CO..M.MS

™^,,
SAMPLE
LOCATION
WLSS
TF EF FLUENT
MuSS
TF LFFtuCNf
HI iS
W.SS

HtSS
• tcss

«,.

HISS
TPlCKLlNr
F KIEF ," tT*
MEDIA
HOC*
PLASTIC
ROCK
u«or>'""
ROCK ~~
«s.
.oc,
RDO-
ppd/1000
Cu f t
9
2%
16
3,,8-


I*
19
"JS
-
SVl ,
B11--9
2l'
106

49
-


146
- 59 -

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f-LOC SJ?f
R HNOE .
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10 - 250
so - :soo
^>0 - 100
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-------
    Filter  BOD 5 loadings  were  low  (9 to /8  ppd/1,000 cu  ft),
while .SVI ranged from 21 to  146  ml/g.   SVI was generally  related
to  the  overall  filament abundance,  with higher  SVIs  correlated
with  increases  in  filament abundance.   Other  discussions  on  the
effect  of SVI on  TF/SC peiformance are presented  in tne next
section.  Trickling  filter effluent  floe size  ranged  from  10  to
260  pm  for rock  media and  50 to 1,500  ^m  for  plastic media,
although  only one  sample  was obtained from  a  plant that uses
only  plastic media  in   its  TFs.   In all  cases,   floe were
characterized as firm.  Floe from mixed liquor samples at  Bedford
were  irregular  and diffuse.    Floe  from mixed  liquor  samples  at
Oconto  Falls  were  firm  and compact,  suggesting  floe  from  plastic
media are not as compact as  those  from  rock media    Results  from
Tolleson  are difficult to  interpret  because  ;he  first-stage
plastic  filter  is  followed  by  a  second-stage r^^.k  <  liter,
and  it  is  difficult to determine  t;e controlling  f i 1 c = r for
floe  formation.   Although  th D  dc':a  are  limired,  fundamental
differences in  the  characteristics may  exist  between  floe  formed
in  plastic  and  rock media.   Further study  must be performed  to
clarify this  issue.


    The  filament  typing information for  plant samples was used
to  provide  information  on  suspected  operating conditions  in the
TF  and  aerated  solids contact system.   Information from work  by
Richard,  et  al.,15  in  activated  sludge systems was  used  to
characterize  operating  conditions  based on  filament  typing.   In
four  of  the  five  TF effluent samples,  filaments indicated the
presence  of  a low  dissolved oxygen  (DO) environment  and a low
food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio.   It  is  doubtful  that these two
conditions  occurred  in  the  same location  in  the  TK-   The more
plausible explanation is that  low  DO conditions  prevail near the
t.op of  the  filter where 8005  concentrations  and  oxygen demands
are high.  Low F/M conditions probably  prevail  near the bottom  of
tha  filter where  8005 concentrations  are  low.  A  comparison
between floe  from TF effluent  and solids  contact  tank mixed
liquor  shows  filaments are usually  formed  first   in  the TF.
The  abundance of  a  specific  filament in the mixed  liquor may
either  increase  or  decrease depending on  conditions  in the
aerated solids contact tank.
               SOLIDS CONTACT OPERATING PARAMETERS
    Designers  and  operators of  the TF/SC process  require
definition of process  parameters  for the aerated solids  contact
tank to insure effective performance.  This  section  addresses  the
effect of  three operating  parameters:   (1)  SRT,  (2)  KLSS,  and
(3)  SVI--on  TF/SC performance.   SS  concentration  in  the  final
affluent  is  used  as  the measure  of TP/SC  performance since
                               67
-------
the TF/SC process improves  effluent  quality  primarily  by  reducing
final effluent  S3  and  its  related  8005.   Results presented  in
this section are considered to  be  site  specific.

Solids Retention Time

    SRT--also called sludge age or  mean  cell  residence  time—has
been  used as  a primary  process  control  parameter  for  other
treatment processes.   Lawrence and  McCarty-*-" defined  biological
SRT  as   the  a/erage  time  a   unit  o£  biomass  remains  in  the
treatment system, that is:
                        SRT   =
                                ( AX  / At)T
where
            XT  =   total  active microbial mass  in  the treatment
                   system, mass

    ( AX/At)T  =   total  quantity of  active  microbial  mass
                   withdrawn daily,  including those  solids
                   purposely  wasted as well  as those lost in the
                   effluent,  mass/time

This simple  definition  can  be  difficult  to apply  to  the  TF/AS
or TF/SC  processes  because,  strictly speaking,  XT  includes the
biomass in the  TF  as  well as the  suspended  growth  system.   For
purposes of discussion in this report, SRT will be defined as in
Equation 3; but XT will  be defined  as  the quantity  of SS in the
aerated  solids  contact  tank,  and will  exclude  the mass  of
solids   in  the  flocculator center  well and  secondary  clarifier
sludge  blanket.   An  approximation  of  the relative  distribution
of  times   that solids  remain  in  the  aerated  solids  contact
tank,   flocculator  center well,  and  sludge  blanket  is  shown  in
Table  16.    These  calculations show  that  the  solids  spend  a
significant   amount  of  time  in the  secondary  clarifier  and
sonetimes  only a  small amount  of time  in  the aerated  solids
contact tank.   The quantity  of  solids withdrawn daily  will  be
based  on SS  and be  equal to  the mass  of  waste  secondary sludge
solids  removed and  secondary  effluent  solids  lost from the syster
daily.

    SRT had  a significant effect only at Medford  when approxi-
mately 2  months  of TF/A!   data were  included  (Table  17).
Figure  18  shows that Corvalli^  final effluent  SS  consistently
average about 9 mg/1  over a broad range of SRTs.  One interesting
observation  for the  Corvallis data is higher  final  effluent  SS
                               68
-------
        TABLE 16.  APPROXIMATE DISTRIBUTION OF DETENTION  TIMES
                          FOR SOLIDS IN  TF/SC PLANTS



k' 1 j n t
Corvdll is
Med tore;
Ocon to Falls
Tol leson

Sol iris
contact
tank
I4a
35
7
12
Detention time, percent at

Floe
center we 1 1
44
18
58
51
tota 1

Sludge
blanket
42
47
35
37
alncludes return sludge  aeration and aerated solids contact  times.

Noce:   The following  assumptions were made:

       1.  A 0.5-ft  sludge  blanket was maintained.
       2.  The  solids concentration in the center well  was  the  sur.c as in the solids
           contact  tank.
       3.  Average  plant  and  solids cont.ict recycle flows were  used tor each plant.
                                         69
-------
      TAB LI 17.  CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOLIDS CONTACT OPERATING
            PARAMETERS AND FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Statistical datab
Reg ress ion
Correlation^ equation
Corvallis
1. SRT,


2. N.LCS,
3. SVI,
Medford
1. SRT,

d . T
days -c
mg/1 y 8.3 + 0.0003x
ml/g -c
clays
h'/SC only -c
b. TF/SC and TF/AS y 8.8 l.lx


To


2. MLSS
3. SVI,
lleson
1. SRT,
2. MLSS
3. SVI,
, mg/1 -c
ml/g y = 15.9 - O.U83x
days -c
, mg/1 -c
ml/g -c
n
249
249
249

122
180
122
22
13
30
13
r
0.
0.
0.

0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
10
16
05

07
34
15
44
20
32
30
F Pp
0.
6.
0.

0.
23
2.
28
0.
3.
2.
01
64
57

55
.2
93
.5
44
12
15
0.
n.
0.

0.
i.
u.
1.
0.
0.
0.
099
987
549

579
000
911
QUO
431
912
842
aThe indf.oendent variables (SRT, MLSS, and SVI) were  correlated with  the dependent
 variable  (final effluent TSS ) .

^Independent variable  (x-axis)  versus dependent variable  (y-axis).  Units for final
 effluent  SS are rag/1.
cNot shown because Pp  is less than 0.95.
                                       70
-------



en
0
_i
8
o _
^^ £
Z^
_
to .x
W '.rf

5 z
3 o
Li- t
LL O
LU (J

— (
^
z
u.






3B "
3P -
34 -
32 -
3O -
28 -

26 -
24 -
22 -

20 -
18 -
CORVALLIS, OREGON: 4/3/83-3/29/84
STATISTICAL DATA
r - 0.01
F - 0.02
PC " 0.10

KEY
0 WET SEASON

+ DRY SEASON

D
16-| D
D n
14 -

12 -

10 -

It ~"

6 -

4 -
+ D
•t- + CUD n +•
D 4-LH.U-0 -B D -f
•H-B a B*-+ *O +
•K^tfH-f- -CXI 3D KXZD + D -M- 4- + -f 4-
*E -anDQUBi D D « eat3+ -H- -t- -t -t-a -»•
C^ft-^l^t€) 9 n~i[ Mill i^*- m + D
aM-t»ftffi +m m D D
D -t-BDMI D
D HH- -f D

1 1 I I I I
0246
FIGURE 18.
             SOLIDS RETENTION TIME, days

EFFECT OF SOLIDS RETENTION TIME ON FINAL EFFLUENT
SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT  CORVALLIS, OREGON
                   71
-------
concentrations  n:cur when the SRT is less  than  about  1  day;  low
Affluent SS concentrations  also  occur  in  this  range  suggesting
that .Jt 'Jorvailis, TF/SC  can also work at low SRTs.

    At Medford,  effluent SS tended  to  decrease  as SRT increased
(Figure 19), although  the  correlation  is not strong.   Based  on
limited data at  Tolleson, no significant  correlation between  SRT
and effluent SS  was obtained (Figure  20).   The  lack of  strong
correlation between  SRT and effluent SS  at  the  three  plants  may
be  due  to  the  difficulty in measuring the  true SRT.    As  noted
earlier,  the  majority of  the  total  TF/SC system solids  are
usually contained  in  the  secondary clarifier  center vcell  and
sludge blanket.    The DO concentration and  the  activity of  the
solids  in  the  secondary  clarifier vary  substantially making  it
difficult  to estimate the true SRT.

    One other  interesting contrast is that Corvallis and  Tolleson
have rock   filters preceding their aerated  solids  contact  tanks,
while Medford  has  a  plastic  filter ahead of its contact tank.   It
seems  plausible that  the  inseTSitivity of  the  Corvallis and
Tol3eson plants  may  be  due  to better flocculation characteristics
for filter solids  formed  in  rock media.   Hock media has more
horizontal surface  that may increase  the  age  of  the filter
solids  and,  therefore,  biopolyrner  concentrations.   Higher
biopolymer concentrations have been  shown  to  result  in  better
flocculation.

    The Oconto  Falls  field investigations  were  used   Lo
demonstrate  the effect  of large changes in SRT as  the plant
operations mode  is switched  from TF/SC  to the  TF mode  (SRT = O).
Table 13 shows that  final effluent SS  concentration did  not vary
much between the TF  mode (Phase  3) and the  TF/SC  mode (Phases  1
and 2)  even though TF loadings  did not vary  much.   At first
glance, one might conclude that  the TF mode performs  as well  as
the TF/SC  mode.   The  cause  for  the lack of  difference  between
Phase  3 ar.d  Phases  1 and  2 can  be explained  by  comparing
primary effluent  and TF effluent SS values.    Primary  effluent
SS  concentrations  did not vary  much between  phases.   Major
sloughing,  however,  occurred in Phase  2  causing TF effluent  SS
to  exceed  1,000 mg/1  and  the Phase 2  average  to be  189 mg/1.
Despite the heavy sloughing, the Oconto  Falls TF/SC plant still
produced  secondary   effluent  with an average SS  concentration
of  13 mg/1.   During Phase  3,   the average  TF effluent   SS
concentration was only  31  mg/1 making  it  easier to  produce  a
secondary  effluent with an  averages SS  concentration of  11 mg/1.
As a contrast, the Corvallis plant, which  also has  rock media and
flocculator center wells, had final effluent SS concentrations  of
about 20 mg/1 when operating in the TF mode.^4

MLSS Concentration

    The effect  of MLSS concentration on effluent quality was  not
as  dramatic as  expected based on  activated sludge research  by

                              72
-------
                                      MEDFORO, OREGON: 2/1/84 - 7/31/84

                                                   STATISTICAL DATA
                                                    v   8.8:
                                                    r • 0.34
                                                    F  -
1.12X
                                                        1.000
                                                    NOTE
                                                    NUMBERS ARE
                                                    REPLICATES FOR
                                                    POINTS
                        SOLIDS RETENTION TIME, d»y»

FIGURE 19.  EFFECT OF SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME ON FINAL EFFLUENT
             SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT MEDFOP.D. OREGON
                               73
-------


i
j
8.-
£ 1
o
2 2
ui O
S) t-
D <
(A 
-------
Tuntoolavest ,   et  al.,17 and  other  researchers.    No  significant
ettect was measured at Medford or Tolleson, although the Tolleson
data are limited.   Corval.lis tinal eft.luent SS increased slightly
with increases  in  mixed  liquor  levels  (figure 21).   Results  from
studies  performed at Corvaliis in  1980 by  Norris,  et al.,14
are  also presented  on Figure  21.   The eatlier  results showed
significant increases in final  effluent SS  when mixed liquor
levels  wero  increased  --bove  1,500  mg/1.   Results  from  this
project  indicate  only  slight  increases in  final  effluent  SS
occur .

Sludue Volume Index

    Results in  Table  17  indicate  SVI  had  a significant  effect  on
effluent quality  at  Medfotd, but not  at   Corvaliis or  Tolleson.
Figure 22  shows the  relationship between  SVI  and  final  effluent
SS  at Medford.   Based on the relative  distribution of  detention
times shown  in Table  16,  Bedford's  center well is much  smaller
than those at  Corvaliis  or Tolleson.   Higher  SVIs  at Medford may
be  needed  to  decrease  the  settling velocity  of  the solids and
improve  the  opportunity for  contact  flocculation  in the center
well.  SVI  may not be critical  at Corvaliis  or Tolleson  because
adequate L locculat ion  is being  provided in the large f loccu lator
center wells.


             SOLIDS CONTACT TANK SOLL3LE BOD REMOVAL


    Soluble  BOD^  removal  rates  in  the aerated solids contact
tank  at  different TF/SC  plants was  quantified  by  developing
soluble  carbonaceous  6005   profiles.   At  the  Medford TF/SC
plant, which had  the  longest  contact  time  of  the plants  studied,
soluble  carbonaceous  6005  profiles  were  developed  on  five
different days  by  taking measurements  at  eight different  points.
A typical profile  is shown en Figure 23.

    The  general form  of the rate equation used to  model  soluble
BOD5 data is shown in Equation 4:
                            =  -(KT
where

    C   =  soluble carbonaceous 8005 concentration,  mg/1

    t   =  contact time, minui.es

    KT  =  reaction  rate  coefficient  at  temperature  T for
           order n, units depend on n

                               75
-------
             CORVALLIS. OREGON: 4/3/83 - 3/29/84

             STATISTICAL DATA

               y - 8.30+ (2.92 X 1C'1)x
               r-0.16
               F-6.84
               Pc » 0.987
                                KEY
            Y
                                0 WET SEASON

                                + DRY SEASON
                                                  REGRESSION LINE FROM
                                                  DATA ON GRAPH
TREND LINE
FROM NORRIS, ET AL
14
                                         a tm a
                                    G£C 111! I  D Q D
                                         a am  D
                                       DO D  D a
                                              Q
                                                                a
                  MIXED LJQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION, fl/l
FIGURE 21.  EFFECT OF M;XED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS ON FINAL EFFLUENT
                SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT CORVALLIS,  OREGON
                                   76
-------
o
III
o
z
Ul
  z
  UJ

  O

  Z
<
z
                                          MEDFORD, OREGON: 4/1/84 - 7/31/84


                                          STATISTICAL DATA
                                            y - 15.9 -0.083x

                                            r « 0.44

                                            F •= 26.5
                         60             100




                            SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX, ml/8
120
                                                                      140
    FIGURE 22.  EFFECT OF SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX ON FINAL EFFLUEN"1"

                    SUSPENDED AT MEDFORD, OREGON
                                   77
-------
                                 	FIRST-OHJER RATE EQUATION. NO INTERCEPT
                                 	FIRST-ORDER RATE tOUATION, INTERCEPT ALLOWED
                                 	SECOND-ORDER RATE EQUATION, NO INTERCEPT
                                 	SECOND-ORDER RATE EQUATION, INTERCEPT ALLOWED
                                       SOLUBLE CARBONACEOUS BGOS MEASUREMENT
                                       TAKEN AT MEDFORD, OREGON, 7/16/84
                          AEMATEO SOLID* CONTACT TIMI, mtnutm
FIGURE 23.  SOLUBLE BOD5 PROFILE ALONG THE AERATED SOLIDS
               CONTACT TANK AT MEDFORD,  OREGON
                                    78
-------
    Xy  --  mixed  liquor volatile  Ss  concentration,  TUJ/]

    n   =  order  of  equation (n  =  1 tor first  order,  n - 2  for
           second orde r )

The  linear  forms of  Kq nation  4  for  first-  and  o ecor J-orde r
models were  fit to the data.  for each  of tin-  two models,  renrwal
rate  coef L icier ts were  developed with  and  without allowance  of
y-intercepts .  As shown  on Figure 2J, each  of the uodels  tit  the
data  well.   The  first-  and  second-order mod, Is witl  intercept?
fit the data slightly  better  at the  beginning  of the channel  than
the  models  without  intercepts  because  tnf/  account  for   the
initial  soluble  B 0 D 5 uptake more  accurately.   However, after
the  first   LO  minutes  of  contact  time,  the  .Jifterences  i ; .
predicted  BOD5 values  for  the different  uiodels were  less  Mian
1 mg/1.   The  four  models  weje  used to  fit  the daia  from each
of  the plant-scale  end bench- scale soluble carbonaceous bODs
profiles, and  in  each case  model choice made little difference.
The  first-order  model describes  the data adequately and is;   the
simplest to  apply.

    Equation  4 for the  first-order model can be  expressed  in  a
mor? convenient form for data analysis.
                       -  =   -K20    -)Kvt
                      *-o


where

   C0   ~  soluble  carbonaceous  BOP5 o£  the  mixed  liquor  at the
           beginning of the channel, mg/1

    C   =  soluble  carbonaceous BOD5 a^ter  time t, rng/l

    fl   =  temperature correction coefficient  (assume 9 = 1.035)

   Kon  =  first-o.  er reac.ion rate coefficient at 20 degrees C,
           1/mg-min

The slope  of  the best  fit  line  for In  (C/CC)  plotted  against t
that passes through the origin  is  equal to the bracketed term in
Equation 5.  An example plot for the data collected at Medford is
shown on Figure 24.
    A  summary  of  the plant- scale  and bench-scale  soluble
profiles  and first-order  reaction rate  coefficients  measured
at  Medford  is  given  in  Table  18.   Bench-scale profiles were
developed  to  see if a small-scale,  simple  test  could be us^d to
model  the  full-scale  aerated solids  contact tank.  The data used
to  develop  tht  removal rate coefficients  are  given  in Table Dl.
-------
     0.0

    •-0.1

    --0.2

S   --0.3
J)
I   -0.4

=5   -0.5

y0  -0.6
O
-£   -0.7

    -0.8

    -0.9

    -1.0
                                      MEDFORD, OREGON :  7/16/84
                                      TEMPERATURE, T - 20 (*•<**« C
                                      MLVSS. Xu - 1083 my/I
                       10             20             30
                     AERATED SOLIDS CONTACT TIME, minutes
                                                                   40
FIGURE 24.  LINEAR PLOT OF SOLUBLE BOD PROFILE FOR FIRST-ORDER
                   EQUATION AT MEDFORD, OREGON
                                 80
-------
TABLE 18.  SUMMARY OF SOLUBLE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGrN DEMAND
    PROFILES ALONG THE MEDFORD, OREGON, SOLIDS  <\NK


Typf of

b,'2V> B4
7 / 1 b / ft 4
7/ 1 1/&4
B/7/B4
8/7/84 3


1/BHl-«
5 x
0 x
q x
2 x
3 x
4 x

MlK«-d liquor
volati if

0~^ 1 , 37b 0. H
0~^ 1 , 1 7U 0.9
0'S 1,085 O.R
0"^ 94 J 0.8
0~^ 1 , 066 0. 7
O'5 869 0.7



T 13
16 12
20 26
21 7
22 31
20 U
Soluhlp -arb. r r-Pra-» w >U q-1

Banning of Er 1
2 9.3
0 7,5
0 17.0
1 5.7
0 21.5
•t


of






                           81
-------
It should  be  noted  that  the  first  soluble 6005 sample  (sample
point No.  1) was  taken 8 ft downstream from the return  sludge  and
TF influent mix point to ensure that uniform mixing  had occurred,
The  aerated  solids  contact  time  for  sample point  No.  1  was
assumed to be  zero.

    The Medford  aerated  solids contact  channel typically  removed
75 percent of the soluble carbonaceous  8005 in  the TF effluent.
The  first-order  reaction  rate  coefficients  based  on  the plant-
scale  profiles ranged from  2.0 x 10-5  to  3.3 x 10~5  1/mg-min.
The  bench-scale  reaction  rate  coefficients were slightly higher
than the  plant-scale coefficients.   The probable reason  is that
in the bench-scale test, uniform mixing  could  be attained  quickly
so that the first sample could be collected before  a significant
portion of the  initial 8005  uptake  had occurred.   Location 1
for  the plant-scale  profiles was  as close as possible  to  the  mix
point  of  the  filter effluent  and  return sludge;  yet, soluble
carbonaceous  BOD  data for the  filter effluent and  return sludge
in Table  18  indicate some BOD uptake  had  already  occurred.   In
four of the five profiles,  soluble BOO  at  Location 1  was lower
than predicted even  when  it was  assume! that  there was dilution
of filter  effluent  with  return sludge   having  a  soluble  BOD of
zero.

    It seems  conceivable that  the soluble 8005 reaction rate in
the  aerated solids contact tank could increase with TF effluent
soluble  8005,  since  a  higher filter effluent  BOD^ could
indicate  a larger fraction of more  easily degradable organic
matter.    The  Medford  data  indicated  this  trend may  exist,
although the  data are limited  and  the  trend  line  drawn was  not
statistically  significant.

    Soluble 8005 removal in  the  aerated solids contact tanks
at Oconto  Falls  and Tolleson is  limited because the TF effluent
soluble 8005  concentrations  are low.   At  Oconto Falls,  the
overall average  soluble  carbonaceous  BOD5 concentrations for
the  TF effluent  and  final effluent were 7  mg/1  and  6 mg/1,
respectively,  foi  the  field  investigation  (Table  Bl).    At
Tolleson  where  a  two-stage  TF system is used,  the  average
soluble carbonaceous BOD5  concentration  in the  second-stage
filter  effluent  was only 1.6  mg/1.11   Average aerated  solids
contact times  of  Oconto  Falls  and Tolleson are 8 and 13 minutes,
respectively,  which  may  also contribute  to the low soluble  BOD5
removals.

    In  summary,  soluble  BOD5 removal  in the aerated  solids
contact  tank  can  be   modeled  effectively  with   first-order
reaction kinetics.   The  reaction rate  coefficient  may increase
with  TF  effluent  soluble  BOD5  concentration.    Significant
soluble 6005   removal will occur in  the aerated solids contact
tank  only  if  TF  effluent soluble BOD5  concentrations are  high
enough (above  5 mg/1) and  if sufficient  contact tiro)  is  provided.

                              82
-------
                 DERATION RATE AND FLOCCULATION
    The effect of aeration rate on flocculation  was determined by
varying aeration  rate  in  sections of the aerated solids contact
channel  at  Medford,  Oregon,  and  developing  supernatant  SS
profiles  along  the  channel.   Additional  information  on
flocculation and clarifier performance was collected  by measuring
SS with settling (i.e., supernatant SS)  and  witnout settling, and
sludge blanket  depths  at  the Medford, Oconto Falls,  and Chilton
TF/SC plants.

    The velocity gradient  (G),  which is  a  measure of  mixing
intensity,  was  estimated  for  each  aeration rate  at  Medford,
Oregon using the following equation:
                               0'  w d
                                      1/2
                                                             (6!
where

    Q'  =  unit airflow rate,  sec~l

     w  =  3iquid specific weight,  Ib/cu  ft

     d  =  diffuser depth, ft

     v  =  dynamic viscosity,  Ib-sec/sq ft

The velocity gradient was varied in  the end of  the aerated solids
contact  tank between  locations E  and H,  a  distance  of  294 ft
(see  Figure  10  for  locations).   Supernata-st  SS concentrations
decreased  along  the channel  at high as well as low  velocity
gradients  (Table 19).    Based on  replicate  measurements  ct
velocity gradients  of 61  and   108  sec"^, however,  the decrease
in supernatant SS at the  lower  mixing intensity was greater by a
statistically significant margin.
    The relatively large decrease  in  supernatant SS at the higher
velocity gradient did not seem to tgree with the work by Parker,
et  al.,2  which  suggested  breakup  rather  than flocculation
should  occur  at  this mixing  intensity.    Velocity  gradient  was
also varied in  the  middle of the aerated solids contact channel
between Cl and D3 to see if  the  resu\ts at  the end of the channel
could  be  duplicated.    Table  20  shows that  breakup  rather than
flocculation  predominated  in the middle  of the channel.   The
average  increase  in supernatant SS  was  2.5 rng/1  for  the lower
velocity gradient and 3.9 mg/1 for the higher velocity gradient,
although the difference  is not statistically  significant based on
the three sets of data.

                              83
-------
    TABLE 19.  EFFECT OF AERATION RATE ON FLOCCULATION IN THE END
       OF THE AERATED SOLIDS CONTACT TANK AT MEDFORD, OREGON
Dati

6/27/b4

6/28/84


7/17/84 7/20/84
7/17/84 7/19/34
Supernatant SS at specified
Approximate r . f
, rr , locations, mq/1
velocity qradient.
sec'1
78
89
96
107
119
61
108
e
23.6
28.7
14.8
21.0
20.0
19. 6b
18. 5b
F
15.2
22.0
16.4
13.6
'.5.0
15. 0*3
15. 2b
G
11.6
18.0
9.6
M.O
12.4
13. 8b
14. 4b
H
13.2
13.6
10.8
12.0
12.1
1«.4*
12.»b
Supernatant SS

-10.4
-15.1
-4.0
-9.0
-7.9
-8.2
-5.9
'Supernatant SS at H ninus value at 2.
"Supernatant SS values are averages based on seven separate measurements*
                                      84
-------
      TABLE 20.  FFFECT OF AERATION RATE ON FLOCCULM"iON IN TH£
   MIDDLE OF THE AERATED SOLIDS CONTACT TANK AT BEDFORD, OREGON
                                                                 L
Supernatant SS at specified
Approximate " locations/a ag/i
Date velocity gradient.
sec-
7/B/84 52
7/8/84 117
Cl
19.8
18.9
C2
20.3
18.7
D2
21.2
23.3
D3
22.3
22.8
Supernatant SS
change,53 mg/1
+ 2.5
+ 3.9
aSupernatant SK values are avurages based on three separate measurements.
^Supernatant SS at  D3 minus value at Cl.
                                    85
-------
    Supernatant  SS  profiles  along the  entire aerated  solids
contact  channel  (Table  21)  explain  the apparent  discrepancy
between supernatant  SS  profiles  at  the end and in the middle of
the channel.   Supernatant 3S always  increased between  sample
locations D3 and  E because of high  turbulence  at  a free fall in
this section of the  channel.   Since  the tree fall and concurvent
oreakup  immediately precedsd location  E, flocculation  rather
than breakup  predominated  even  under relatively  high  velocity
gradients.   Average  supernatant  SS  values  in  Table  21  show the
majority  o£ the  flocculation occurs in th^  beginning  of the
channel (between A and Cl) during the first 10 minutes of aerated
solids  contact  time.    Decreases   in supernatant  SS between
locations E  and H just compensate for the  increase in supernatant
SS  between  D3 and  E.    These  results underscore  the need to
minimize high  turbulence  in the aerated solids contact channel.

    "locculation  profiles  along  the  aerated solids contact tanks
were also developed  during  the  Chilton   and Oconto  Falls field
investigations  (Tables E-4 and B-5).   Use  of Kemmerer samplers to
measure  supernatant SS  is a  new technique.   The results  from
Chilton and  Oconto Falls are questionable,  since rhe mixed liquor
level  in the  sampler  was not  lowered   below  the  upper cross
support (see Figure  9)  at tie  start  of th-'s sedimentation period.
Consequently,  settled  solids could  rest  on  top of the cross
support  and contaminate  the  supernatant  when the sample was
withdrawn.

    Rapid decreases  in  supernatant SS  were a.lso noted by Norris,
et  al.,14  in  the  beginning of  the  aerated solids contact
channel  at  Cosrvallis,  Oregon.  At  this  plant, supernatant SS
decreased  by  an  average  of about 40  percent  in  the first
3.2 minutes  of aerated  solids  contact time.    The  results  from
Corvallis and  Medford suggest  that-only  about  32 minutes of
aerated solids  contact  time  is needed for efficient  S3  removal.
At  Medford,   the  additional  aera.ted  solids contact  time  is  not
wasted  since  it  maintains the.solids in an  asrobic state and
provides  for  additional soluble 8005, removal.  At Ccrvallis,
the biological  solids are maintained in an aerobic state through
the use of return sludge aeration.
                                           t
    Flocculation in  the aerated  solids contact  tank   and
flocculator  center  well  can  be  explained with, Figure 25.   The
relationship between velocity gradient,   flocculation time,  and
supernatant  SS  reduction  was  derived theoretically and confirmed
experimentailv with bench-scale  floccclation experiments on
activated sludge from  a pilot plant. 2   A rapid  decrease in
supernatant  SS occurs  when  the biological solids enter  the
aerated  solids contact tank near point  I.   As the biological
solids  travel  down  the  aerated solids  contact  tank,  the  rate of
improvement  (supernatant  SS decrease)  decreases until the  solids
reach  po'.nt  II at the  end of the tank.    The  biological  solids


                              86
-------
         TABLE 21 .  FLOCCULATION PROFILES ALONG AERATED  SOLIDS
                        CONTACT  TANK AT MEDFORD, OREGON

                                                                         A-C1      C1-D3    T3 H     A-»


 6/26/R4      16. /     22.5    16.j    I1*.,*    lb.0    23.2    12.6    M.J    13.^      -0.4      -0. j    -2.n     O. :>


 6/29/84      2J.u     23.to    (52.4)  (55.6)    18.8    22.4    22.0    16.0    18.0     (+29.4)    (-J».6)    -O.D     -b..


 7/19/Gd      26.4     16.5    13.a    ' I . o    U.^    14.8    12.8    12.4    12.^     -1 l.o      *C.^    -u.4    -13.o


 7/20/t>4      19.5     11.6    10.8    14.'1    14. U    20.8    14. J    12.8    U.u      -8.7      *J.2      0     -i.i








iraqo 4xclud«i data (roa 6'29/84.
                                               87
-------
                            NOTE :
                            IMPROVEMENT EQUALS PERCENT DECREASE IN INITIAL SUPERNATANT SS
                            BASED ON PARKER, ET All
                20 - IMPROVEMENT
                                     AEAATED SOLIDS CONTACT TANK
                                                     FLOCCULATOR CENTER WELL
             10
                             SOLiOS CONTACT TIME. minuM
FIGURE 25.  SCHEMATIC OF FLOCCULATION IN AERATED SOLIDS CONTACT
                TANK AND FLOCCULATOR CENTER WELL
                                  88
-------
then  enter the flocculator center well  (point II') where  the
velocity  gradient  is  low.   Further  reductions in  supernatant
SS occur as biological  solids  move  through  the flocculator center
well into the bottom of the  clarifier  (point  III).

    Secondary clarifier performance at Chilton, Oconto Falls,  and
Medford was  evaluated  by collecting supernatant SS measurements
in the center wells and total  suspended  solids (TSS) measurements
outside  OL  the  center  wells.   Results  from  the Chilton  and
Oconto  Falls  lield  investigations  are  summarized  in Table  22.
Supernatant  SS  values  decreased with  depth in  the  flocculator
center well  at Ch.iiton  indicating  flocculation is occurring.   At
Oconto  Falls, however, supernatant  SS increased with  depth,
probably because the mechanical mixers  in  the flocculator center
well are operating  at a high speed  and causing breakup.   Although
the  Medford  center  well  is only  moderately  sized,  supernatant
SS  (Table 23} decreased an average  of 6  mg/1  betv;een  ths  top
(location I)  and bottom (location J3)  of the  center well.

    SS  were  measured  at  various depths below  the  effluent
launders at  Chilton  and  Oconto  Falls  to provide some indication
of  the  effect of  clarifier depth  on  effluent guality.    In  a]l
cases, the average SS  increased with depth.  At Medford,  average
SS "alues  for  samples  taken just  above  the sludge  removal draft
tubes  (locations K  and  L) were  higher than for  samples  near  the
effluent launders  (locations M  and n),  but still relatively  low
considering  their  proximity to  the sludge blanket.  The  low SS
values at  K  and L  may  be due to  the low  overflow rate  used at
Medford.

    Secondary  clarifier sludge  blanket  profiles were also
developed  for  the  Chilton,  Medford,  and  Oconto Falls  TF/SC
plants.   Profiles  are  summarized   in Table 24 and  show  that  the
TF/SC  plants studied  operate  with a  minimal  sludge blanket.
Average  sludge blanket depths ranged  from 0 ft to 1.4  ft  but
generally  lie  between  0.5  ft  and  1.0  ft.    Low  sludge  blankets
are  maintained  because  an  effort  is  made  to  remove  the
biological solids from  the anoxic or anaerobic environment at  the
clarifier bottom and to avoid  lenitrification.   Maintaining  the
solids  in an aerobic  state helps maintain their flocculating
characteristics.
                SECO'lJjARY CLARIFIER OVERFLOW RATE


    The effect of secondary clarifiet  overflow rate or,  final
effluent  quality  was  determined by  comparing  average  daily
overflow rates with final effluent SS at Corvallis and TolJeson.
Figure  26  shows  that  overflow  rate  did not  have  a significant
effect  on  final  effluent  SS at  Corvallis.    The Corvallis
                               89
-------
        TABLE 22 .  SECONDARY CLAPIFIER PERFORMANCE AT CHILTON
                       AND OCONTO FALLS, WISCONSIN
                           Supernatant SS with
                          tloc well  depth, mg/1
Suspended solids with depth below
        effluent launder
.reacment pianc
Chilton
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Overall average
Oconta Falls
PhfiS8 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Overall average
3 ft

21
19
50
3U

23
24
13
30
21
12 ft

14
8
34
18

32
23
28
31
28
4 ft

15
4
11
12

7
9
5
12
8
8 ft

21
12
14
17

13
11
5
18
11
12 ft

:i5
12
17
25

30
169
7
94
78
Note:
       Supernatant SS  and suspended  solids values are  phase or overall  averages
       for field investigations.   See  Appendix E and D for individual values.
-------
               TABLE 23.  SECONDARY CLARIFIER PERFORMANCE
                              AT MEDFORD, OREGON
                              Supernatant SS  in flc:       Suspended solids at various
                                    well, mg/1                   location:,, mg/1
  Sample  collection dates   	    	
                             I      Jl      J2      J3       K       L      rt      N

    6/26/84  to  7/20/84      13.2    14.7        -       -    12.3    35.0    9.4    6.6
    8/6/84  to 8/9/84        25.3    23.9     17.4    19.4      -    15.2    6.6


Note:   Supernatant SS and suspended solids values are averages for the different
       collection dates.  See Appendix D  for individual values and Figure 10 for
       sample locations.
                                         91
-------
TABLE .2U.  SLUDGE BLANKET DEPTHS AT TF/SC PLANTS
                           Average sludge blanket depth,  ft
Treatment plant
Inside tloc
well
Outside floe
well
At scum
baffle
At outside
wall
Chilton
  Phase  1
  Phase  2
  Phase  3
  Overall  average

Medtord
  Overall  average

Oconto Falls
  Phase  1
  Pnase  2
  Phase  3
  Phase  4
  Overall  average
                  0.2
                  0.8
                  0.8
                   1.1
                   0.8
                   0.1
                   0.5
                   0.6
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.6
                                    0.88
1.1
1.0
                                    0.7
0.0
0.9
1.0
0.6
                                                  1.3
1.5

oil
0.7
0.9
0.2
1.0
                                                                0.6


                                                                1.4
1.3
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.7
                             92
-------




Q
IJ
o S
Ul J?
D fc
||

to <
» ™
2 C
Ul m
3 0
E! z
^8
UJ W

<
2

U-






36 -

34 -
32 -
3O -
28 -
26 -
24 -
22 -

2O -

13 -

16 -
14 -

12 -

10 -

6 -

6 -

—
. 	 •- " tJ 	 	 	 — - , - 	 	 , -„ , . 	 . .

CORVALLIS, OREGON :
4/3/83 - 3/29/84

STATISTICAL DATA
r • 0.02
F « 0.13
Pp - 0.28
KEY
0 WET SEASON

< DRY SEASON
D

D
D D
C +
Q + D D -r D +
OTI+-f-f D (BO D
c -f ++ -f +H- + + +ni m
on + -KB i ii HDnan-ujj-a-c od a ono D o + on
EC Q «[BH^+B D-EHC B3 -H- D D D B CD CEO
D D a Dl Igilg}- +B+B D DO DCD D OD
!!• !• IO+ D O [E D D 3 D D
D •»-»-«• D a am +a m
+ •»• 4- n a +
i i i i i i i i i i i T
    300
500
700
                               000
1100
                                    1300
                                    1500
                SECONDARY CuARIFIER OVERFLOW rtATE, Bf>d/sq ft

FIGURE 26. EFFECT OF SECONDARY CLARIFiER OVERFLOW RATE ON
   FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT CORVALLIS, OREGON
                             93
-------
TF/SC plant  produced  an effluent  that  was consistently  low  in
final effluent SS  over  a wide range  in  overflow rates.   It  is
interesting  to  note  that  the  Corvallis  plant opetc.. ions  staff
increases the  ML^S  concentration  in the aerated  solids contact
tank  from 2,000  mg/1  to about  4,000  rag/1 during  the winter,18
which is also the  time when high overflow rates occur.

    At  the  Tolleson TF/SC  plant,  full-scale studies were
performed under another project^1 to determine the effect of
increasing  the average  daily  overflow  rate from about  350  gpd/
sq ft to about 600 gpd/sq ft.  Table  25  and  Figure  27 show that
the  overflow  rate  increase  did   not  increase  final  effluent
SS significantly.   High  final effluent SS concentrations (greater
than 40  mg/1)  were  measured during some days at Tolleson as shown
on Figure 27,  although the monthly average SS  values were usually
less than 1U  rag/1  (Table A5).   High final effluent SS at Tolleson
have  been  caused  by  denitrification 11  and   primary treatment
failures as  noted  earlier in this report.

    The  results  from Corvallis  and  Tolleson TF/SC plants on
the  effect   of  overflow  rate on  effluent  quality generally
do not  agree  with those reported  in  the  literature.1'»19  The
insens i t ivi ty to  overflow  r=\te  is  nor-it lively  due  to the
fiocculation  features  and other characteristics of  the Corvallis
and Tolleson secondary  clarifiers.   Both  sets  of  clarifiers  have
flocculator  center wells, inboard effluent,  launders, suction
header sludge removal systems, and hig'p sidewater  depths.

    T..h-e" insens itivity  of the  clarifiers may also due  in part to
"the conditioning of the mixed liquor solids in the aerated  solids
contact  tank  as well as  in the flocculator center  wells.   Inboard
launders avoid the carryover of  solids from density currents
along the walls of  the clarifiers.   Suction header sludge removal
systems  quickly  remove  settled  solids  from  the  secondary
clarifiers  so that carry-over of  solids  from  denitrification is
minimi/ed and the settled solids  are  quickly  returned to an
aerobic  environment.   Higher  sidewater depths  increase clarifier
detention time and provide  a  larger distance  between  the  sludge
blanket  and  effluent launders.    Chapmanl9  noted  that deeper
clarifiers  are less  sensitive  to  changes   in  overflow than
shallow  clarifiers.
                      COAGULANT ADDITION


    SS  and  total  phosphorus  concentrations  and  removal
efficiencies  for  the  different  field  investigation phases
at Oconto Falls are shown in Table 26.  The effect of  coagulant
addition  on  TF/SC performance  can be determined  primarily by
comparing  results  from Phase  1   (TF/SC  with ferric  chloride
addition)  and Phase 2 (TF/SC without  ferric chloride  addition).

                              94
-------
    TABLE 25.  SUSPENDED SOLIDS  REMOVAL AND SECONDARY CL
-------
/u -
60 -
w
O
FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOL
CONCENTRATION, mg/1
-« M U * Ol
D O O O O O
1 1 1 1 1 I
TOLLESON, ARIZONA :
4/1/83 - 3/31/84
a
D STATISTICAL DATA
r -0.04
F - 0-28
D D PF -0.40
KEY

D 2 CLARIFIERS IN SERVICE
• 1 CLARIFIER IN SERVICE
D ( 3/12/84 - 3/31/84 )
D
D °
D Dp °D n •
n TTtroa Q n
•
    200
           400                   600

SECONDARY CLARIFIER OVERFLOW RATE, gpd/tq ft
FIGURE 27. EFFECT OF SECONDARY CLARIFIER OVERFLOW RATE ON
   FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS AT TOLLESON, ARIZONA
                           96
-------
    TABLE 26.  EFFECT OF COAGULANT ADDITION ON SUSPENDED SOLIDS
          AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS AND REMOVAL-' AT
                      OCONTO FALLS, WISCONSIN

P-r
Pr fP*rv ft
S«* on*- 1 ry
Pr rviry tr
Tr chUnq
SO tan ron
Urif i*
PI nt
PtlUfl*
MI« te r*
1 36
lutfnt 71
f fluent 10
at*en- 48
t 1 1 «« r 3
act tjjrm and
86
93
Phase 2

3.69 t lj i 4 .
4.0* 57 2.
0.76 1 . 1 .
-9 70
81 93
79 91
Phase 3

J3 23P 6.1
9 55 3.4
5 11 2. a
1 77 4
6 44
M> 65 1
>9 95 5^
Ptias* 4
. Su.p.no.<,
152 4.64
5fe 3. 19
1« 2.71
63 31
-54 -19
79 1-i
68 42
Total
                                97
-------
Results from  Phase  3  (TF  process)  and  Phase 4  (TF/SC  with one
filter) are  also  useful since  coagulant  was also  not  added in
these phases.

    Increases  and  decrease^   in  total  phosphorus generally
followed  the same pattern as  SS.   For  instance, SS in  the TF
effluent  in  Phases  2  and  4  were  significantly  higher  than
the primary effluent  SS because of TF  sloughing.  Concurrent
increases   in  total  phosphorus  concentrations,   therefore,  were
also measured across  the TF.   Coagulant  addition  to the solids
contact t?nk in  Phase  1  produced higher Combined total phosphorus
removals in the solids  contact  tank  and  secondary clarifier and
in the plant than  in  Phase  2  or  in Phases  3 and 4.

    It is  difficult to  det?rmiri2 the effect of coagulcint addition
on SS removal because of the effect  that  TF sloughing in Phase 2
had on  the  Phase  2 results.  The  combined SS removal efficiency
for the solids  contact tank and clarifier  is  slightly  lower in
Phase,  1  than  in  Phase  2,  although  the  SS  concentration  in the
secondary  effluent is  lower in Phase 1.   The  Phase 2  removal
efficiency  is  probably  higher   for  the  solids contact  tank and
clarifier because  it  is  eacier to attain a higher percent removal
when  the  influent SS  concentration  is   high.   In  conclusion,
coagulant  addition raay  improve  SS  removal,  although the  field
investigation results  do  not  provide  firm support  for  thip
conclusion.

    Coagulant  addition could  also conceivably  affect  the
floccuiant  characteristics  of  the microorganisms  in  the
mixed  liquor.  Since  the  coagulant is  inorganic, the  TF/SC
process  could require  a  higher MLSS concentration or  larger
aerated solids  contact  tank to attain an equivalent biological
mass for effective flocculation.  The field  investigation data,
however,  do not  support  this  hypothesis as  the average  MLSS
concentration for  Phase 1  (1,813 my/1) was less  than or  equal to
averages for Phase 2  (1,829 mg/1)  or Phase 4 (2,425 mg/1), while
secondary  effluent SS were  the lowest in Phase 1.


                       SUMMARY DISCUSSION


    The TF/SC process  is  composed  of a  series of  distinct but
interdependent unit processes.   The purpose of this section is to
summarize  the  results  from  the  special  studies  and to discuss
their  relationships to  and  implications  on  the  overall perfor-
mance of the TF/SC process.  The TF/SC process,  although related
to some conventional processes,  has some significant differences.
Generally,   the  majority of  the  soluble  8005 removal occurs  in
the TF, while the  suspended  growth system  (aerated solids contact
tank)  is used  as a polishing  unit to remove SS and its associated
8005.   Some  soluble  8005  is  removed   in  the  aerated  solids
contact tank if  sufficient  contact time is provided.

                              98
-------
I ;•
    Based  on  the TF/SC  plants  studied  :. n  this  project,
8005  loading rate does not exert  a  strong influence o-. tinal
effluent quality  wh-;n  average  loading is less than  4u  ppd/1,000
cu ft.  A more  significant  variable  is SS  concentration entering
and leaving  the TF.  IF influent  and  effluent  SS  were  correlated
with final effluent ris.  One does  not  know  whether fine  solids  in
the primary  effluent  are  passing  through  the  system or  whether
their characteristics  are changed.  In either  case,  they  seem  to
produce some adverse  effect,  although  not large,  on   the final
effluent SS concentration.

    Tha effect  of media  type  on  TF/SC  performance  seems to  be
significant.  Microscopic examinations showed  that  TF solids
formed  in  rock media  filters  tend to be  more compact and  less
diffuse  than  those  formed  in plastic  media  filters.   "^his
statement, however, is  based on limited data and requires  further
study.  The  implication if. that  TF  sffluant  solids  from a  rock
media filter may be easier to flocculate  and require  less  aerated
solids contact time than solids formed in  plastic  media filters.
SRT, which  is  related  to  the size of the aerated  solids  contact
tank,.did  not exert a significant  influence on  the  performance  of
TF/SC plants with rocKN media filters  preceding  the  aerated solids
contact  tank.   Some  effect was  noted,  however,  for the  one
treatment  plant studied with a  plastic media filter preceding the
aerated solids contact tank.   One other difference  between  rock
and plastic  media noted in  this project  was  that   rock  media had
higher  soluble 8005 removal rate  coefficients  in  the TF than
plastic Eiedia.  The oxygen  transferred per unit of. madia  surface
and  hydraulic  residence  time may  be  higher for rock  media
than plastic media.

    KLFS concentration  and  SVI  generally  did  not  exert a strong
influence  on final effluent  quality.   The  implication is; that the
aerated solids contact  system can be  operated  over a wider range
of mixed liquor levels than originally believed based on  earlier
work at Corvallis, Oregon. ' SVI exerted a significant  influence
en  final  effluent quality at one   treatment plant,  probably
because this plant lacked  a  large  flocculator center  well.

    Results  from project  work in I'edforc and earlier work  at
Corvallis  show  that  the majority of  the  SS  flocculation in the
aerated solids  contact tank occurs  -ithin the first 12 minutes
of contact time.   This result does not  imply  that in  all cases
only 12 minutes of  aerated  solids contact  time is required.    If
soluble BODs removal  is  needed  in  the  aerated  solids contact
tank, more  than  10 minutes of contact  time  must be  provided.
Safficient attention must also  be paid  to ensure   the biological
solids are maintained  in an  aerobic state by providing addition?,!
fierated solids contact time or  return sludge  aeration.   Results
from studies at Medford show the aerated solids contact  tank can
removo  a  significant  fraction  of filter  effluent soluble  8005


                               9'J
-------
and that removal is adequately described by first-order  reaction
kincticr.   SoluDle 6005 removal  in the contact  tank may be  a
function of  TF  effluent, quality.

    Secondary  clarifiers  employed  at the  TF./SC plants were
relatively  insensitive  to  changes  in average daily overflow
rate.   Final effluent S3 concentrations remained consistent over
a wide range in overflow rates.  This  consistent  performance is
probanly  due to a number of  clanifier features   including high
sidewater depths,  inboard effluent launders, rapid  sludge  removal
mechanisms,  and flocculator  center wells; and to maintenance
oi: a  low sludge  blanket.   Coagulant  addition for  phosphorus
removal,  required  in some regions,  did not  adversely affect TF/SC
operation.
                              100
-------
                        REFERENCES
 1.   Germain,  J.E.,  "Economical  Treatment of Domestic Waste by
     Plastic-Medium  Trickling Filters."  Journal ot the Water
     Pollution Control  Federation,  Vol.  38,  No.  2,  February
     19 '6.

 2.   Parker,  D.S., W.J.  Kaufman,  and  D. Jenkins, "Characteris-
     tics ot  Biological Floes  in  Turbulent  Regimes.1*   t>ERL
     Report  No.  70-5,  Sanitary Fngineering Research Laboratory,
     University  of California at  Berkeley, July 1970.

 3.   Norris,  D.P.,  D.S.  Parker,   M.L. Daniels,  and E.L. Ovens,
     "Advanced Secondary  Treatment  Witl:  Trickling  Filters."
     Presented  at  the  ASCE Spring  Convention,  Portland,
     Oregon,  April 1980.

 4.   Merrill,  D.T.,  "Fixed  Growth Reactor Studies at Seattle."
     Unpublished  paper,  1980.

 5.   Fedotoff,   R.C.,  "The Trickling  Filter Finds a  New
     Partner."  Water-Engineer &  Management, Juno 1983.

 6.   Groraiec, M.J,,  J.F.  Malina,  and  W.W. Eckenfelder,
     "Performance of  Plastic Medium  in  Trickling  Filters."
     Presented at the  IAWPR Conference, Jerusalem, June 1972.

 7.   Hutchinson,  E,G.,  "A Comparative  Study of Biological
     Filter  Media."    Presented   at  Biotechnology  Conference,
     Massey  University,  Palmerston North, New  Zealand,
     May  1975.

 8.   Parker,  D.S.,  and  D.T.  Merrill,  "Effect  of Media
     Configuration  on Trickling  Filter  Performance."
     Presented  at  the  56th Annual  Conference of the  Water
     Pollution Control  Federation,  Atlanta,  Georgia,  October
     1983.

 9.   Brown and  Caldwell,  "West Point Pilot  Study:   Volume
     III—Fixed  Growth  Reactors,"    Prepared  for  the  Munici-
     pality  of Metropolitan Seattle,  1978.

10.   Brown  and  Caldwell,  "Convening  Sock  Trickling  Filters
     to Plastic  Media."   Report  to the United States Environ-
     mental  Protection Agency, EPA  6GC/2-80-120, August 1980.
                            101
-------
11.   Brown  and Caldwell,  "Tolleson,  Arizona, Clarifier
     Tesc Program."   Prepared  for  the  Central  Valley  Water
     Reclamation  Facility  Board,  Salt Lake  City,  Utah,
     June 1981.

12.   Sarner,  E.,  "Effect  of  Filter  Medium,  Substrate
     Composition,  and  Substrate  and  Hydraulic  load on
     Trickling  Filter  Performance."   Presented at the  Second
     International Conference on  Fixed Film Biological
     Processes, Arlington, Virginia,  July 1984.

13.   Pavoni,  J.L.,  M.W.  Tenney,  and  W.F.  Echelberger,
     "Bacterial  Exocellular  Polymers  and  Biological  Floccula-
     tion."  Journal of the Water Pollution Control  Federation,
     Vol. 44, pp. 414-431, 1972.

14.   Norris, 'D.P.,  D.S.  Parker,  M.L.  Daniels, and  E.L.  Owens,
     "Production  of High  Quality Trickling  Filter   Effluent
     Without Tertiary Treatment."   Presented  at  the 53rd
     Annual  Conference  of the  Water  Pollution  Control
     Federation, Las Vegas, Nevada,  October 1980.

15.   Richard,  M.G.,  O.J-  Hao, and D.  Jenkins,   "Growth
     Kinetics  of  Sphaerotilus Species and their Significance
     in Activated  Sludge Bulking."   Presented at  the 55th
     Annual  Conference  of the  Water  Foliation  Control
     Federation, St. Louis, Missouri, October  1982.

16.   Lawrence, A.W.,  and P.L.  McCarty, "Unified Basis for
     Biological  Treatment  Design  and Operation."   Journal of
     Sanitary Engineering Division,  ASCE,  Vol. 96,  SA3,  p. 757
     (1970).

17.   Tuntoolavest, M., E. Miller, and C.P-  Grady, "Characteri-
     zation of Wascewater Treatment Plant Final Clarifier
     Performance." Technical Report  No.  129, Purdue University
     Water Resourcos Research Center, West Lafayette,  Indiana,
     June 1980.

18.   Brough, K. ,  C.  Onstad,  L.  Lamperti,  and  B.  Curtis,
     "Operation of the Trickling Filter/Solids Contact Process
     at Corvallis,  Oregon."   Presented af the 57th Annual
     Conference  of   the  Water  Pollution  Control  Federation,
     New  Orleans, Louisiana, October  1984*

19.   Chapman,  D.T.,  "The  Influence  of  Dynamic  Loads  and
     Process Variables on the Removal of  Suspended Solids from
     the  Activated  Sludge System."   Ph.D. Thesis, Department
     of Ci/il  Engineering,  University of Alberta,  Canada,
     Spring  1984.
                           102
-------
                           APPENDIX  A

         TREATMENT PLANT OPERATIONS DATA
                     71BLE ill - CCRVfUIS PLANT OPERflTIONS JflTt
Paruetvr
tontn l
1
ftor
Influent clo»
Overage, aft 12.24
Influent Characteristics
BCD, «s/l 98
Swoerded solid*, q/1 1 149
* 1 6.8
Temperature, °C ' 15
Prtiary tff'.uent
SOD, 9^/1
Suspended solils. •».'!

V'.cl'liiij Filter Effluent
•/CO, eg/1
SHOD, Bj/1
Summed solids, 19/1

'lei urn Secondary Sludge
SusoendM solids, nj/1
lixed Liouor
Sinoended solids, eg/1
SeconJjr; Effluent
Suspended sol Ida, q/1

Efluent QwrcrteristiM
GOO, r)/l
'KB, •;/!
SuiqrroM solids, eg/1
j4

6i
75


25
6
63


13,975

3,119

19


5
4
"j
6.9
;
*a>

7.4*

144
18S
7.4
18

99
82


34
5
72


8,991

2,159

12


8
6
19
6.8

June

7.31

128
173
7.3
20

87
74


32
6
61


8,189

1,949

19


7
3
9
6.7

July

6.13

112
188
7.2
20

78
68


28
5
69


8,3«

1,768

11


7
5
9
7. a

Hu,

6.18

123
133
7.4
22

72
63


29
i'
57


5,437

1,557

19


5
J
7
7.9

S«rt

5.71

141
172
7.4
22

94
68


39
a
39


5,415

1,675

13


9
7
19
7.9

Ort

5.55

188
!91
7.3
21

114
66


38
a
56


19,293

2,944

12


8
6
19
7.1

tov

15.24

1M
134
7.9
17

56
56


33
6
35


13,793

3,571

19


7
5
9
6.9

Dec

17.99

44
112
6.3
14

33
38


26
4
59


16,139

4,2'.8

19


I
5
9
6.8

Jan

1139

79
124
6.9
14

49
56


26
4
54


17,199

4,777

9


7
5
9
6.8

Fed

16.69

79
125
6.9
13

56
64


22
3
59


16,521

4,8o2

13


e,
4
13
6.8

Mar 1
1
12.66 1
1
1
7J 1
135 1
6.8 1
13 '
i
48 !
64 1
l
1
22 i
3 1
58 1
1
!
15,352 i
1
1
4, 992 1
1
1
9 1
1
!
6 1
4 !
9 1
6,7 1
1
Hi!. "I

17.9*

188
191
7.4
22

114
32


39
e
72


17, IS,

4,452

13


9
7
13
7.:

Ion

5.55

44
112
£.8
13

35
5£


22
3
54


5,415

1,557

9


5
4
7
6.7

*•-

19.53

188
154
7.1
17

79
66


39
5
59


11,312

3,127

11


7
5
9
6.9

KITE:  -Data reported fro* flu il 1983 tnru torch 1964.
     -BOO » Five-day total BQ).
     -SOD > Soluble BOD.
     -ODD <= CarixmacMui BOD.
                                 103
-------
           TABLE K - (OFORD PLflNT  OPERATIONS DttTA
                          Honth
Parameter
Influent Flow
Pverage, »gd


Influent Characteristics
BOO, «g/l
Suspended solids,
pH
Temperature ,
Prisary Effluent
BOD, ig/1
SusoendEd solids,
flwonia, cg/l

•g/1

°C


•9/1

Trickling Filter Effluent
BCD, n/1
Suspended solids,
tenonij, ig/1

•9/1

Return Secondary Sludge
Suspended solids,
Mixed Licuor
Suspended solids,
•g/1

•g/1
Effluent Characteristics
BOD, 15/1
CBCB), ag/1
Suspended solids,
ABOKia, ag/1
PH



•g/1




Jan

ie.w

132
113
7.4
13

66
35
26

53
46
21

6,188

1,368

13
3
3
7
7.1

Feb

11.98

112
188
7.3
13

62
35
25

64
78
20

6, aw

1,328

16
7
IS
13
7.2

ter 1 flpr
1
1
9.98

135
112
7.3
15

66
36
27

63
99
19

7,488

1,529

17
ie
B
15
7.2

9.90

142
119
7.4
16

76
32
28

67
66
16

6, Ttt

1,622

14
6
7
15.2
7.3

fay

B.28

153
135
7.4
18

82
36
38

ei
69
17.1

6,368

1,668

22
8
5
16.1
7.3

June

fi.30

173
159
7.3
19

38
38
28

65
69
15.7

5,6M

1,4%

23
11
9
14.5
7.2

July

9.80

159
138
7.2
22

7S
29
28

51
39
12

5,827

1,475

16
6
6
9.7
7.E
High

9.90

173
159
7.4
?2

98
38
38

81
89
17.1

6,788

1,868

23
11
9
16.1
7.3
S
Low

8.28

142
119
7.2
16

76
29
£8

51
39
12

5,889

1,475

14
6
6
9.7
7.2

fr/erage

8.35

157
138
7.3
19

81
34
26

66
71
15.28

6,157

1,615

19
8
8
13.9
7.3

NOTE:  -Data reported  fros January thru July 1984.
       -Plant in trickling filter/activated sludge !TF/ftS)  *ode up to torch 2e, 1984,
        the i changed to trickling filter /sol ids conttrt OF/SO  nde.
       -Higl,  Low,  and Average results basitf on April thru July data only.
       -BOO = Five-day Total BOO.
       •CBOD = Carbonaceous BOD.
                          104
-------
                                                            -  «RCO "LflNT OP€Rflr:ONS MIS
                            I    Jor    Hay   jure    iuly    Buq   Seat    Oct    'toy    D»c     'an    ^'6    itar i
                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                           !    High   Lc*   flverags
                            i                                                                               I
Iifljmt -lo«                I                                                                               I
     Averse,  igd            i  8.468  8.473  8.494  0.488  V.538  8.567  e.SOT  8. SIS  J.456  ».*fla  I. Mi  1 455 !   *.!£? J.446    ».«!
                            i                                                                               I
Influmt Qiirjcteristic*      I                                                                               I
     BOD. Vj/l               ',    £4    3«9    M    379    21    3:9    2%    ^7    JW    £32    3«    3»9 I    373   22      3"
     Suswnded wilds, ig/1   I    36t    3*4    391    357    313    314    293    317    322    335    41i    »S I    452   eM      352
                            I                                                                               I
Ittura Secondiry Sluilj*       i                                           t     H                             i
     &aotrd«(J soinl^ q/1   113,331  14,J4« 11,777  14,421 1I,6J>  3,307    491  15,661 17,722  2i,3S 18,413  ii, 472 I  21, Kb   491    !3,W1
                            I                                                                               I
1i»id Liauor                 I                                           t     *»                             I
     SHSoenlM wilds, q/1   I  1,371   1,554  1,281  1,423    948    444    189  1,873  2,861  2,«£1  1, 585  1,332 i   2,*6I   iW    1,327
                            i                                                                               I
effluint Qtiraoerirtm      I                                                                               I
     BOD, igA               i     15     16     19     17     21     29     32     29     22     28     19     2» :     32    16       22
     SusoendKl -sohM, iq/1   I      i     18     13      7      9     15     19     17     16     18     IS     15 I     13     f>       13
     taonii, m/1           111.99   12.18  13.16    13.2  13.51  11.94  12.46     18   21.4   28.7  22.19  22.77 i   22.7711.44    16.12
     *                     I    7.i    7.7    7.7    7.7    7.7    7.7    7.7    7.7    7.6    7.7    7.6    7.5 I    7.7   7.5      7.7
                            I                                                                               i

                      NOTE:  -Ottj reported fro* (tori! 1983 thru torch 1964,
                             -WO *  Fivt-djy total 800.
                                * >  Atration tank  tikn out of ^rvin; results  '.uwd on four dayt of opcr-ttion.
                               *• =  Stsults based  on Mv«n days  of ooi^ation.
                            Effluent characteristics ar?  after  tertiary filtration.
                                                                105
-------
                                 - X3NTO  cf«J.S \PrT OPEWTIOW
-arawter

.m , i6?°rt FiOM
A.reraqe. iqd
'.nflusrt ^iracier. sties
KB, M/l
Susoereeo solids, ig/1
Temperature, °C
•'flxm C.'urac-erisr.cs
BCD, M/l
Susotnfea solids, K)/l
on


i Oor
1
1
1
1 121
' 183
1 9.8
1
1 21.3
• 15.7
7.5


<«Y
*.«

US
;97
107

18.9
17.3
7,4


June July
*.» J..M

1W 142
111 MS
13.3 17.2

17.! 16.8
11.9 3.i
7.3 7.3

*
*,, 9*01
i.ffl* «.3j;

!55 147
128 11J
17.8 19.4

14.2 17.3
6. 1 8.3
7.2 7.3

jnth
Oct
8.378

125
188
17.2

16.8
9.8
7.4


.tov
8.off

158
1<8
14.7

Id. i
18.4
7.3


Dec
8.28

179
151
11.9

25.8
13.2
7.*


Jjn
«,3M

179
142
9.6

38.6
:s,3
7.?


Feb
8.«7

154
123
fi.9

23.2
13.7
7.3

i
«ar )
I
1
6. 368 1

:33 i
186 i
3.2:
i
31.7 1
22.6 1
7.4 i
1
Jlgn

8.463

179
151
19.4

31.7
22. S
7.5

to*

8.288

119
198
8.2

14.2
6.1
7.2

Sverage

8.38

146
118
13.2

*.9
12.8
7 3

NOTE:   -Diti reoorted  froa ^uril !98.3  thru *rch !984.
       -BOB « Five-day  total 600.
                                        106
-------
                        TRBL£ (6
                                                         MTfl
PvMrttr
Influr-it Flo»
0»*r«;t, ijc!
Infltfnt OurjctfT'st ici
BOt, •;/!
S«w»f««>; ichdl, 19'!
1*
Primtry Effluent
Bd, «,/!
Suiptnlid sohot, cj/1
Intmtdiiti CUrifier E"lu*nt
BOD, «9/'
Susoendx! tohdi, 15'!
Mine Liouor
Susoentr) whds, 15; 1
Itonth
ftpr My

6.34 6.28

284 3»
192 25<
7.2 7.8

182 373
82 4W

24. ( 38.9
!!4 29.4

1,188 1,621
1
Efflunt Ch*rirtrrt«t:^ 1
BOD, •(': 1 6.7 15.4
Susocndtc iclids, V' ' 4-^ n-6
1
Jure

5.66

871
229
7.8

142
67

18.3
21.3

1,133


6.4
7.2

July

5.91

248
823
7.1

178
153

84.6
36.8

9^7


5.9
7.5

Oug Sen*.

5.87 5.8,

222 847
2«4 213
7.8 6.6

149 136
7S 57

12.1 18.4
15,8 3.9

M 571


4.6 3,5
S,* 4.8

Oct tev

6.23 6.44

845 877
282 81£
6.6 6.6

187 287
59 234

14.1 27.3
11.9 45.9

551 9T9


4.5 9.4
4.5 2C.2

Dec

6.89

32(1
193
7.1

175
63

16.;
15.6

931


5.8
6.6

Jin

6.71

315
28fi
6.9

161
78

25,4
25.5

1,828


9.9
11.1

F«b

6.26

316
255
6.8

147
79

42.5
26. t

1,327


9.6
9.1

Kir

f.28

224
388
6,6

115
186

19.9
36.1

1,466


5.3
11.8

High Lou Pv*r«gt

6.74 5.81

3S 222
3W 192
7.2 6,6

373 187
4« 57

42.f 18.4
45.9 9.9

1,62! 551


15.4 3.5
28.2 4.8


6.85

277
224
6.9

173
121

22.8
22.6

1,842


7.2
4.5

ICTEs  -Bit* p»portHi frw flpri! 19&3 thru toth 1984.
      -BTO • Fm-iUy totil  BOD.
                                         107
-------
                                APPENDIX B




               OCONTO FALLS FIELD INVESTIGATION DATA
TH8LE II   OOHTtl FULLS FL» (W SCO
».
R-J«1-S4
•o-Jnl-84
•4-J»I-S4
«5-Jul-»4
et-Jul-64
17- Ju 1-44
•B-Jul-84
«-Jul-64
ll-Jol-«4
II-Jnl-64
*«6E III
tl-Jtl-64
12-J«l-»4
13-Jil-M
I4-M-64
lS-Jol-64
!6-J«l-84
I7-J.I-64
18-M-64
19- M-«4
2(-l«'-64
21-l«l-*4
22-.I.I-64
23-.W-*
J4-J«l-»4
25-J.1-64
&-M-M
27-Jil-M
26-.M-64
29-J.H4
3*-.hH4
%'•+£*
tn *,— *i
n. w| OT
ST
Infl. Filttr S.C. SK.
iKyc. hcyc. taitt
1378 16*4 1181 1M7
1.355 1637 1188 1*137
1.393 I.W5 1169 1M37
1.337 1614 1179
1341 1619 1179
1321 1637 1.287 1M32
1295 16«< 1221 1IM9
(.357 16% 1.231 1WI7
1433 I.WI 1231 1NI9
1385 1172 1179 1KU


13N IM 1«97
1.391 1389 IM 11991
13W 1311 IM 1023
1342 1415 IM 1W15
1W1 1336 IM 1*911
I.32B 1.547 IM 11995
1324 1562 IM 1*873
1311 1354 IM li*41
1314 1378 IM 1*936
1274 1331 IM 1*32*
1J64 13*9 IM 11731
1342 1362 IM 1*868
129S 1SSI IM tITO
•.268 1343 I.M 1W42
1339 1341 IM 1*381
1331 1386 IM 1I9E1
t?9» 1543 IM 1*316
1292 1347 1«» 1I7H
13U 1.564 IM 1(777
13(3 1SE3 IM 1«36
IK 1337 IM 11637
14(2 1357 IM 1RN
ToUl 5-Aly 90),
•9/1
l« IVii. T.r. SK. Finil
Infl. Effi. Effl. Effl. Effl.

127 78 72 25 a

91 84 71 22 14


112 61 a 24 16

311 79 36 29 19



134 43 It 14 19


62 41 It 16 11


165 71 X 25 H
117 32 32 S 12



142 54 46 15 16
136 K 37 17 18

JI3 64 44 31 »

191 43 44 14 1£

133 43 31 2J 16
M (4 57 31 n
Solobli 5-diy BOD,
•5/1
Lu trim. T.F. SK. Finil
Infl. Effl. Effl. Effi. Effl.

63 34 12.1 12 IE

4( 27 111 5.7 6.3


38 Z! 12 4.4 14

3) 17 11 4.3 3.9



43 It 19 7.5 S.(


22 16 M 4.3 6.7


35 3* 12.1 LI 9.4
23 25 6.2 4.3 3.7



42 21 LI 17 L2
41 33 11.1 3.1 6.2

44 29 11 6.1 7.7

91 17 19 4.1 17

43 11 7.1 16 7.2
46 31 L3 L2 9,3
(jrtwMcrout 5-dty BOD,
T.F. SK. FIM!
Effl. Efrl. Effl.

42 14.1 111

54 13.1 1C.I


27 9.3 9.1

25 13.1 12.1



It 13.1 111


12 19 11.1


31 14.1 14.1
17 9.4 17



a in ii.i
13 19 9.6

a 12.1 12.1

13 6,8 14

19 11.1 11.1
46 12.1 1LI
ISol. C*rb. 5-tfiy BCD,
T.F. SK. Finil
Effl. Effl. Effl.

16 L6 16

7.1 4.3 15


8.5 3.6 6.6

•>.(, 3.2 4.8



16 7.1 7.9


7.1 4.1 11


14 L4 7.5
L3 3.2 LI



LI 64 4.4
12 4.3 13

LI 4.9 L3

4.i> 2.9 lit

LI 11 7.1
6.9 11 L4
                                                                            centlnifil.
                                    108
-------
      TSSLE II     Kami FCLLS OOU M KB WT«
tuu


PHRSE IV
U-Au;-«4
14-fluj-W
K-Aug-«4

•6-*m-84
r-fluf-M
M-S81 1211 1«C7

1386 1277 1221 1N3J
1371 1277 1217 1W26
1333 1273 1319 1NX
1332 1273 1232 1W2&

1342 1611 1.47 lM3t
1393 1(2 1214 1WM
1.326 1343 IN* 1H76
13% I.2U 1227 a.tir

I.3U 1333 1144 1OK
Total 3*^>y
b> IV it T.F.
li.fl. Effl. FfH.




141 7t 58


131 K 4t

« 35 49


in 43 39


« 49 (1

H5 34 %

1(4 74 31
m K IN
133 34 a
123 57 a

133 62 67
*
Stc. Flul U>
Effl. Cffl. Iiifl.




29 11 21


31 11 O

a 21 '.a


3 .5 44


35 23 23

21 21 a

14 12 14
11 19 36
E 17 43
3i & a
'
a 11 1 x
Solu&ll 3-tay BOO, C*rt>on^2KM« 5-d>., BOO, ISoi. Cjrb. 5-44y BOD,
4/1 t,/l 1 t,/l
Pr». T.F. Sec. FIM! T.F. SK. Finil 1 T.F. Stc. Firal
Efl. Effl. Effl. Effl. Effl. Effl. Effl. 1 Effl. Effl. Effl.
^ ^ ^ ^-^— 1
I
1
1
1
J9 17.1 14 16 29 12.1 13.1 1 4.6 3.6 7.6
1
1
& 111 12 111 X 16. t 17.1 1 12 3.1 7.1
1
27 11.1 7.1 IT 29 15.1 14.1 1 7.1 LI 7.1
1
1
29 14 t,9 19 29 9.1 13.1 1 7.1 4,1 4.7
1
1
If 13 7.6 7.7 23 111 16.1 ' 13 (.( 6.6
1
31 ai 11 12.1 (1 211 21.1 1 11.1 7.1 11
1
1
• 6.3 4.9 3.1 £7 9.2 4.7 i 3.2 3.3 4.»
a 13 4.9 6.9 (1 11.1 12.1 1 7.1 4.3 6.7
23 13 5.9 7.3 21 116 12.1 1 6.1 4.9 S.2
a 11.7 12 14 33 15.1 16.1 1 11 3.9 7.3
1
24 11 3.7 7.1 J9 11.3 12.2 1 7.1 4.6 6.2
fetti  5.C. • 5olid« Conttct.
      T.F. • Trtrkhrq Filtrr.
                                                              109
-------
ran e    uONTD PHLS SStXJCT SU.IBS OJearaPTlW, «a ,TILf 9S*M» SLJB IOCEXT.  IlIED I!BUM PMnrrflS, SLJJSE BMCF OEPTW, M FOUIC DUXIK SUHTITIEi
Ctatt

a-lf*
a-i«r-w
9-Vr-M
Jl -•tr**
ll-Jw-«
C-Jwr-fl4
O-J«>-»4

M-Jw-M
B-J»-«4
*-J«t-*4
17-Iw-M
*>- !•>-»>
W-Jw-44
H-J«-<4
ll-J«-«4
MS I'
I^Jw-W
!J-J«r«
!4-Jfflr*4
!£to!4*
It-Jwfc
at-Jv-w
2>1^»4
24-Jv-M
'i£i
a-J^t
»>£»4
•1-j.n.
I SwmM Soli*,
IB Prit T.c. J.S.S. lit. Sn. Fiml
Ml. Effl. Effl. l,n. tin. !ff!.
n n us
M :I7 ft 9,M J,rt it 11
7,3H 2.W
131 tt a i it
7,3H !,?!•

W fit 32 It

*,433 l.UI
13? 71 31 1
1,113 U7M
at a ti 11 it
1391 1,367

M 4) H t
t,*M !-.»

a i« M i)
3,» 2,314
IK (3 ill 14 It
4.J4I 2,333
IB S m 12.M 4,«4I It U
97 51 Id It |4
1,341 2,831
IT » n 13 t
l,t« «3
* Z2 74 U 7
2,(3I SB
117 (* O 11 11
132 3t 141 12 »
4,l«tlll Smxrt* Sul.M,
(WCTCt
«» Pru. I.F. IS.S. mi. 4c. '.ul
Infi. Errs. Effl. in. fffi. tffl.
U.I 7?.; (1.3 311
O.I 711 i3.7 SS.2 *7.2 311 tit
5J.S 14.3

35.* r.4

&.I B.i 71.1 75.1 IM.I

47.1 911
77.1 S3. 7 il( it. I
31.7 Al
74.t (4.7 F3.6 711 72.2
411 31t

O.I dLi 72.7 77.1
34.4 12.1

72.1 (4.1 S3..' tt.4
0.4 SI.3
74.1 11 J 01.9 0.7 (Ik
(LI M.7
73.1 «.! (7.1 «(.! KS 711 *LI
77.3 74.1 (9.3 ;il U.«
0.1 ni
77.4 Q.9 M.) 711 H.I

•7-3 (Lt (12 B.I
111 (4.1
K.t 71.? 77.4 HI (C.7
til 77.1
HI 72.) 7L1 tt.7 33. (
O.7 (4.1
•4-2 77.3 7».l tt.(
Mu< L.wr «v«rtin
JHUrwt« SVI, Color
SttlMtlltly >1/|

141 U MM
Id H Utck





* S ».

73 3 km


7* 94 MM


• 2 tlKk

* X tlKt
Id a Met
IN 43 Uvl


» e >i«*
«3 kUck
41 37 ton

SlfOp Ilvkrl Dot^
fMI
Uutlo
nice

13 1.9 1.2 1.3
L3 11 1.2 1.2

1.2 1.1 L< ,.t



1.3 13 1.3 1.1

It 1.4 2.1 1.2

1.2 1.3 LI 1.3


11 1.2 1.1 11


I.I 1.2 1.3 12

1.1 1.3 1.2 14
I.I 1.1 l.» 1.2
12 12 1.3 1.2
1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2

1.5 2.2 2.3 2.1
1.2 LI 1.1 LI 1
|
0.3 13 1.2 1.2 1
1
1
VI
H


I
1
i
U
1
U
u
u

II.
If
11
H
U
II













                                                                  110
-------
•mi K   anno nus SJPWU satis anonspTim, *UTOI umso SOL'OS wear, KHJ I:M» »BCTQS, JUKE uwn OETT*, M futic
I l--.,^
1 tm V.I. T.F. tS.1 hi. !«;. Fiiul
I ji.fl. Effl. Effl. l. is. (m. Effl.
e-sm . i,3M u>
J-J'il* i U 42 e 17
f*-J«l-4- I 1, E« 7M
e w-t4 i 111 }i re ii 11
K-J«1-M i L2tt l.VA
r J«i-i4 i
•-M-M ' 113 47 47 17 14
1
W-M-*» i 7,5*1 2,913
M-M-* 1 B M 3» %M 1,B7 14 11
11-M-* 1
1
MB Ml 1
ll-Jri«. ;.F. U.S. l,u S.: .'in.1
WL E«a. Effl. Lw. EfH. Effl.
M.7 44. J
114 n.4 7S.1 U.] 0.7
M.7 7LII
•.3714 77. 1 41.4
72.4 ai

B.I 73.1 71.1 n.3 71.4

T£ 4 72.1
U.7 7J.I K.2 71.4 P3 714



M.7
714 717 p.l •.!


9.2 44. J K.2 B.7 73.1



H.4 R2 K.7 H.I U.7
U.3 711 /1. 4 O.2 77.1




71.1 411 47.4 42.3
41.4 411 44.7 6L3 14.1

77.1 711 4L2 S.I 44.1
41.4 IM.I 73.1 K.4 7L4

611 44.1 B.I M.7 17.7
a] 0.1 M.7 44.1 711

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1 1 C 1
1.1 1.2 11 11

11 11 11 11

11 11 13 13



11 11 13 11




11 11 12 12

11 11 11 11



11 11 11 11

13 13 13 13

11 11 12 11



11 11 12 12

11 11 HI 11
11 11 11 11

11 11 11 14
11 11 11 12


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                                                        Ill
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                                         WUTII a»wo airs KKEXT, »na uai« WSJSTEM, uitac EMCT cnw, M FOMT OUHIK onimiR ™tu

tati

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U-tef-tt
W-41I-*
ei-fcu-W

n-fcr*
T-OH-U
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HI 37 IN S.5S 1,C5 13 U
t» '5 31 11 12
IS X 4 7.13 i;«!i 11 It

117 B IB 1,763 l.»t U 11
*lXllt SxgBlM 5oh«, 1 Hot UW Mr«rt»1
(BT«M 1
b. »;«. I.F. liS. lb>. SK. Flul 1 •«•<• Ml, Ctltr
wi. crn. em. u«- cm. cm. iM'iMb:atr ii/i
i
i
i
i
Rl 71. t 71! 71.7 714 1
1
n.« TI.J i m e w«*
•.1 &} «L( 11. 1 77.1 1
n.7 Til : in tt iiKt
U.) Mil 71.7 T.7 ill 1
71 « i?.l 131 «l fti
1
X.J •.« W.I 74,2 1
1
0.7 72.1 1 M O ft,
?n n.r n.« )»: rtii
72.1 (•,• 1 » U kin*
79.1 7&« 71.1 (11 O.Z 1
1
1
41.1 71. t 71* H.5 S.2 tk« 71.3 1 119 it
711 1-3.1 71.9 C7.t 7H3 lt.3 (1.11 7* 45
73.2 (1) US (11 5k 1 1
711 0.3 J9.7 711 ft 9 ^3.7 71.1 1 l» 9*
1
77.1 71.] 71* M.I K.I 'l.t tt.ll B !1
Sl^ti II*** hpttt,
tal
umiin
• 1 r »


11 It It It



1.) l.t l.J Ul



14 14 11 11



li If li 11

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I.I 1.1 l.i 1.1
ti i.e '..i ;.t
11 11 11 1!
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t!.7
11
11
11

t.
      ! f«CU • Fv
       T.F. • Trialliq rilttr.
       Ill • Mm Snxary 91x1*.
       Hi. Li*. • fen* Ln«r.

       Uc«i»i I • t-ft ixi* Hocnliliv a*tr mU tkir*.
       of Slrip I • 1-1 oittiih flocnlitin cn*ir Mil liirt.
       IIKM  C • it ra Mfflf.
       Di»tt-  I • t-ft fro o
-------
TflSUE R3    QCOm) FH1S TEKPETtSTUKE, pH,  AND DISSOLVED   TEX fBSURECNTS.
hit
PltSE I
28-«*r«
JHUy-W
£££
•4-Jtm-84
B-Jw-44
KrJm-84
M-Jtn-64
19-Jwr-M
1I-JW.J4
PHASE I'
11-JwHH
UK'wHA
13-J«HI4
14-JWHI4
15-JwHrt
16-JwHK
17-J«HM
18-Jw-M
19-J«-84
a-Jw-94
22-JW-84

2>JlS
»t»*4
ft-W-14
'SSI"1
Rw Fuji
Infl. Effl.
Ill !* i
110 1*1
12.5 111
12.3 14.1
111 15.1
~"i3.5 13.1
14.3 14.3
14.1 13.1
14.1 111
14.1 13.1
13.6 15.8
13.1 13.1
14.3 13.1
13.1 16.4
13.1 16.1

PH
RM Fin*l
Infl. e.m.
6.7
6.4 7.6
7.3 6.8
7.4 7.2
7.3 7.3
7.4 7.8
7.4 7.6
7.3 7.5
7.9 7.4
11 11
7.9 7.9
7.1 7.6
11 7.8
7.8 7.8

Dissolved Qx/gw Prefil*,
' */l
H» Prit. T.". S.C.
Infl. Effl. Effl. T*nk
3.4 4.1 6.2 4.4
6.2 14 7,2 4.2
6.8 i.9 7.2 4.1
'.S 1.3 7.1 3,6
M 2.3 7.4 4.3
6.2 2.6 7.2 4.6
5.2 1.9 5.9 5.3
3.4 4.1 7.! 4.8
5.3 2.3 11 7.6
6,3 4.9 13 3.6
6.2 S.« 7.9 7.3
$.6 3.8 14 18
4.4 2.2 7.1 4.2
5.1 2.1 6.9 .1
4.9 2.1 7.6 4.9

Floe. Mil :!ep*.ii ISlodjt Effl. Mml
1' T 7 BUnlu Weir Effl.
1.1 la tJ>
17 ft. 3 13
15 12 12
16 13 13
1C I.S 8.2
17 IS 14
1.2 1.1 19
16 15 14
1.4 1.4 1.1
1.1 14 14
2.4 2.1 2.1
4.4 4.1 19
2.7 2.5 2.6
1.4 1.4 19
1.1 17 16

14 !.£ 1.1
12 J.9 19
12 e.a 1.1
14 IS 1.1
12 19 1.1
12 1.1 1.1
11 19 1.4
12 1.9 1.1
1.1 1.2 1.9
11 IS 16
13 1.4 '..3
i.6 11 2.7
2.6 2.3 2.2
1.2 18 17
16 1.1 1.1
	 «.. 	 1
                                      113
-------
TPttf 83    OCONTO FfiUS TBSERflrjHE, pH, AND DISSOLVED DXYEDI IOSUSDCNTS continued.
Data
82-M-84
I3-M-6*
84-J»l-84
(B-Jsl-84
•S-Jul-64
87-J«l-*4
•B-Jul-W
89-J«l-«4
ll-M-84
PHSE III
ll-Jul-84
12-Jil-84
J3-W-84
13-M-64
U-Jd-84
17-JS1-64
If .W-W
:9-MH84
2»-JaI-»4
22-J«l-84
23-J«H)4
24-A1-44
B-JW-W
sil
31-Jil-84
TMp«rat«r«,
fejnw C
9m Final
Inn. Effl.
16.3 16.3
14.3 17.8
16.8 16.5
16.8 17.8
16.5 17.5
17.1 i7.5

lb.1 17.3
17.8 17.5
17.5 118

118 115
118 115
17.5 115
17.5 115
17.3 113
18.8 118
I*
Ran Final
Infl. Effl.
7.9 7.6
12 7.7
7.9 7.7
7.8 7.7
7.8 7.7
7.7 7.7

7.7 7.9
7.8 7.4

7.8 7.8
7.7 7.8
7.9 7.8
7.9 7.8
7.8 7-8
7.5 7.6
Ihisolvcd Oxygen Prof ill,
to Prii. T,F. S.C.
Infl. Effl. Effl. Tank
4.1 1.8 7.7 7.3
4.6 1.6 7.9 12
4.1 1.2 7.9 7,2
4.1 1.7 6.8 6.3
5.5 11 14 5.6
4.7 2.8 9.1 6.8

4.7 1.3 14 6.1
5.8 1.6 14 6.3
4.7 1.2 18 6.2

16 1.3 11 6.2
11 1.7 7.9 6.3
4.7 2.3 7.8 6.2
18 1.2 19 6.3
17 1.2 6.8 6.1
Floe, mil depth
i1 y v
4.3 19 17
1.9 1.6 1.2
1.2 1.8 17
17 16 14
19 16 13
14 12 12

18 3.4 13
11 18 18
4.3 4.8 18

3,2 12 11
&9 2.9 2.7
4,8 14 2.7
4.2 18 18
15 18 2.6
ISludg* Effl. Final
ISlank. Ueir Effl.
13 13 2.6
1.2 1.8 1.2
8.4 1.7 1.4
13 1.2 8.9
8.2 1.1 1.8
12 1.8 1.2

14 2.7 2.2
2.1 2.8 2.8
15 2.2 L2

1.2 2.8 2.4
2.2 2.2 2.4
?8 1.6 1.7
2.8 2.6 2.2
12 16 2.6
                                                                               toi;im*d
                                      114
-------
       TPSLI B3     OEMTO FPLLS  TOTERSTIS5,  pH,  fifffl DISSOLVE! OIYEN KEftSjROOTS conti-wed.
Datt
(WK IV
83-AirM
*Hfcir**
m-&m fii
ib HUaj""M
•7-4kt»-JtA
88-*q-84
M-&1B-U
18-flug-84
11-toH*
13-flu8-e4
15-fluj-64
16-flu|-84
Avtrign
Phasi i
II
III
W
Overall
Ttspcratirv,
j 	 	 r*
Mgi OTI L
KM Final
Ififl. Effl.

13.1 19.8
lii.8 19.8
18.8 18.5
17.8 18.5
.M 18.5
12.9 13.7
15.8 15.8
17.4 18.1
17.8 IB. 7
15.7 16.5
PH
KM Final
Infl. Effl.

7.9 7.9
7.8 7.8
7.7 7.8
7.6 7.7
7.6 7.7
7.2 7.2
).8 7.7
7.7 7.7
7.7 7.8
7.7 7.6
Dissolved Oxygon Prof ill,
•j/1
IM Pr«. T.F. 1C.
Infl. Effl. Effl. Tank
4.2 1.4 6.2 6.1
IB 1.9 3.2
5.2 3.2 6.6
4.1 1.9 4.9
4.8 2.1 7.2
3.3 1.1 6.6
6.1 2.8 7.8 4.2
5.8 2.9 7.7 6.1
4.2 1.6 8.1 6.2
4.2 1.9 6.2 5.8
4.9 2.4 7.6 !>.S
Fix. wll depth ISludge Effl. Final
1' y V IBlanL Ueir Effl.
It 4.2 \.»
8.4 8.4 «.«
8.5 8.2 8.2
8.2 8.2 8.2
1.3 1.2 1.2
8.4 8.4 8.8
8.7 8.4 8.3
1.9 1.7 1.5
3.G 3.3 11
1.3 1.1 1.8
2.1 1.7 1.6
8.4 IS L8
8.2 1.8 1.1
8.2 8.2 8.2
8.2 8.7 8.4
1.4 1.8 8.8
«.J 8.9 8.6
8.3 1.3 1.8
1.1 1.6 1.5
2.8 2.? 2.1
L2 1.3 1.8
1.8 1.7 1.4
Hotet  T.F. « Tricklins Filttr.
       S.C. * Solids Contact.
                                              115
-------
n*u M   team BUS wnrtf* ae MEBOUS tfnaJBcrrs.

bt*
MSE ',
ja ^ H
IMo-M
£££
M-Jw-W
•5-ta-W
K-Jv-M
l7-Jur-9»
II-.M-M
«WH u
13-to-tt
I4-J»rl4
K-Jx-14
17-*«-M
ll-Jw-44
lt-tm-*
£££
23-J*-t4
2*-Jo-M
£££

•VI 11 1
b. Pr-.i T.F. SK-
Irfl. EffU Effl. Effl.
».( 0. 4 K.7
27.3 til 11) 14.7
jrs at ii7 lit
a.3 ai in in
2LI 27.1 17 117
24.] 21.* 111 113
22.2 21.2 119 0.1
at a.3 si i 112
8.1 HI 21.4 11.7
11) 11.1 17.4 123
•12 114 41.1 IK
21t 111 11 7.31
IK as 117 i
213 17.1 lit 1M
e» 3 a.i a.i tu7
211 ft.4 14.1 144

-st:^
to Vn t.f. S.:.
t«n. em. iffi. tin.
IS.O S.R 2.13
a a
lu I4.K- 131 ia
<[.m n.» in ii4i
aa aa IM in
O.W 1<,«I IB 131

Is?: 1W IQ 144
IM 113 2.34 12
13.4* 1149 4.11 1S7
11* 1131 117 113
a* 111 1J4 7.B
ad U-» 7.32 144
a« 117* 114 1.13

ffj] M »
', tra. T.F. SK.
'«fl. Effl. Ef'l. Eftl.
IK i.i* u.r
IB me
«.B dB *.B «.«

II.O «-85 J.S U25
«.B (.33 «.e
uu urt
n« d.e in IK
4.R U7I
*B ia 4.B
Itl LSI 7.» 111
va 4.^
ac AC ir.tt IL*

Total niimttanH,
•I/I « »
ta IViv T.F. D.i.1. Mi. SK. r:Ml
idfl. Effl. Effl. In. Effl. Effl.
1* 7.3! (.0 1H
(It 37.? 117 UC
1119 73.2
l.B 1.79 in l.M I.W
ui.i at
x« *.23 in t* -«
B.3 at
4.0 in 141 tut
7t2 J7.3
4.9 ?.I3 2.B in 117
u*.* ir.t
3.51 2.H 4.M 117
Ut.4 314
4.74 3.M 4..1 U»l
ML* U.1
4.31 1J1 IK UB UX
&« 711
2.« I.M i3i in.c 1113 i.n i.a
2.0 L« I1M UK 1«
4.17 2.34 C.M l.M UK
«.t 34.4
4.14 2.23 2.14 ..71 l.B
714 17. S
«,a i.14 X3» I.C I.K
714 111
3.3 2.U 4.31 2.B l.»
107.7 at
3,53 2.79 1H I.K UB

**£*?T'
h. Pria. F.F. SK. 'tntl
IifU Effl. Effl. Effl. Effl.
2.23 UK IK 123
;.i. UM L7* IK 114

l.B 1C 1.13 IK

IS 174 127 131 Id
1.9 1.21 U21 1U 112

UH 1.3* U,7 L»7 UH
(RiiMl.
                                                116
-------
mi K   asm ms utsa&i sn ttSMfus sKUjom axiiuat.
Ml

K-hl-14
U-J.H4
•*-J«l-$4
P-.M-*4
K-J..-I4
tl-M -»
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fl9-J«l-M
lt-J«l-M
U-Jil-«4
MR ni
ll-J^Ht
1J-J-4I-W
l)-J«i-S»
I4-J.1-H
1VM-M

11-.M-M
I7-J.I-I4
H-J.1-H4
IVfal-*
2t-lil-*4
21-J«1-I4
22-M-M

23-J»l-»>
24-Jil-**
23-J«l-*»
»-M-M
n-jii-*.
a-M-14


39-J«l-M
11- «l-*
us *-M
»-ti f*
Totll «JtU*I CIl-^M,
IB Prut.
\*ll. (HI.


11) it. 1

214 211


Jl. 1 212


33.1 3.3



22. 1 it. I


217 lit



312 21}
213 ffi-S




JU I N. »
21* 213

34.! 219


H.3 BV


a.2 21.1

n.' 22. »
0-». * )
T.F.
rn.


14.4

I..3


111


111



7.1


U.I



17. J
112




14.1
112

B.7


111


17.1

111

SK.
Effl.


7. B

7.H


7.71


LC9


19.2



li.1



111
aa




113
14.1

in


IX J


1S.I

it

q/l » * 1
Iwt 0Ma. T.F, SK. l In
lirfl. tffl. Effl. Sffl. 1 l»fl.
1
I
H.a 11* IS 174 1 117
1
I2.M 14.M in LB 1 HB
s
1
tin 11 a itt L« i IB
i
i
i4.4i an iiTi i* i «.B
i
i
u.» p.* in 11* i «.e
i
!
1
ive 14 a in lu i 'IB
i
i
i
11* 17.10 17( 11,1 1
21, • l».r» 1178 1<~» 1 »B
1
1
1
1
25. • lk» 12.* 11* 1 1.3!
a* '4.9 i.77 114 !
1
n.7* 21. • i« na i i.n
i
i
21.71 1121 144 11* 1 IX
1
1
x.a ii2i a* 14. i« i us
i
11* 11* IB 17.JB 1
1
ifl »»
Prio. T.F.
trn. Effi.


4.B 1)1

11.11


UK 11.61


4.C


161



HB 14k



!•
4.41




»B 111
it

17) 2.23


1H 2.71


4.17 141

197

"«.
SK
Effl.


7.B

ll.«


IX


2.H


141



l.2t



121
IB




in
2.U

4.24


ia


«.•

IB

Tvt«] Phnf^w.
M/l M P
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l»4

4.25


117


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141


1.'*



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4.1*




1C
172

111


124


119

111

Brw.
Effl.


IK

13


IB


lit



t42


IS



IB
IB




IS
135

19


ia


131

4.11

T.F. lit Mi.
ttn. ui».

314 2E.2
7.K
413 21.1
4.17
127.1 M.1

in

1214 Sil
l.M 1M.I M.3



2.11


12*



2. It
2.7D




ia
IK

Ml


137


1M

4.71

SK. FiwU
Effl. Effl.


2. 11 2. 13

2.2 2. It


2.24 2.14


i.a i*



1. 19 u*


2.24 l.B



l» 2.29
2.31 2.23




2.B 2.13
1M 2.1-.

2.B c-W


im la


lit in

4.« in

^rrr
Ui Pru. T.F. *c. FIM1
lufl. Effl. 'fr. E'fl. Effl.







2.U I.U LB 2.14 2.14









l.ll 171 1.17 Itt l.M









2.H 2.11 I.U 2.13 1.*





133 2.71 111 im 1*.






                                               1 1 7
-------
r«L£ J>    XQim FOLS HI^H> M MBHOOfi (BSJBtXTi CMtinMd.
ho

««S [V
A4-3«t^4
IJ-*4-M

M-QtB 44
f7-Au? M
t*-Oa$-84
KHVq-84
It-iVq "'
11  i m/i M P
•it SK. FIM!
L^. Effl. Eff..



132 2.19

414
2.64 175
44.4
2.14 2.K
3k 3

2.44 2.3

r»3
2.3* 2.19
3J.9
IN 2.11


63.4 ITS 1H
49. T 1.63 1.39
2.K 167
411 171 2.41

52.1 1.98 1.97
RH Pril. 7.F.
Infl. Effl. Eff'..



1.23 1.9! 1.83







2.M 1.7* 1,17







1.91 1.41 1.56
1.37 1.22 1.31
2.24 I.B9 IB
Lit 1.43 l.K

1.77 1.31 .e
SK. FIMI
Effl. Effl.



2.27 2,14







I.U 1.44







123 119
199 t.ll
2.23 l.»
IB 1.79

1.2* 1.31
Qudintf Hhrgfn • *• »f Mtritt *4 Hitrtti Utr-im.
f.F. . Trickl.'H Filtw.
15.1 • Mv« Snpn*d 9glUv
Mil. Uq.
                                                          118
-------
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hit
WISE !
3M«r-»t
H-tw-M
«-3«>-»t
M-Jw-M
IS-Jw-M
•-Jwi-44

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It-Jn-tt
U-.ta.-l4
13-J.r-*
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a-J«»-«4
ffi-Ji--*
Z7-Jw-«
29-Jw-l*
K-J»l-*t
K-J«1-M
«-J«H4
ll-M-M

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I>M-M
n-j.i-*4
a-J«l-l4
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I7-J.1-*
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c-fcr-n
l»-»K-*<
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l7-*|-»»

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11 1C 13 4 C






11 t.3 13 LI



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i.1 LI 4.1 LI <-?

ll.l L« 11 L( kl

111 ll.l 12.1 12.1 7.2





111 12.1 ll.l 12.1 lit

12.1 111 ll.l

L> L« Li 11 11




L! 7.1 ILI 7.1
IE.I ILI ll.l 11- 1 ll.l

ll.l LI 13 1< 1.1


1.1 4.1 13 M
11 13 I'.t 12 LI
ILI IL2 ILI IJ.! VI
IL5 5.3 It 143 U

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     mmlJBt iflv 31 •!•*« o( wttl
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to fr-ft  b*lM wffiet in wfloi wction.
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B - t-fl talw nrfm of <*fl<» »rti<»  of lol.di caitKt !«*..
13 - f-ft t»l« Mrftc* of donflw wrtion of toh«> n'.Uct tlM..
M - 14-f- b»lo> nrfn of oonfl* oction of loliA contict t«nk..
B - 4-« btlw Hrfn ll flOKulllor cwttr oil.
                                                                 119
-------
                1M.E tl    ri« w! KC Ditl tt TOLES*.
r\>
o
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»*SE 1
Mjy-«4
HU»-«4

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miy-»»
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Hhr-84
{ -J«rr«*
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7.M
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1885
7.Ut
9.8H
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6.4M
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8.413
8.659
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7.2*8
C.J27
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7.T6
S.692
5.138
7.H7
5.353
!.1<5
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(.681
£.554
5.814
i.433
i.e.
Mam

3.981
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i9»
3.9B8
8.888
8.688
L7W
8.78«
8.7M
8.7W
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8.75f
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1.751
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8.663
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8.158
8.479
8.767
8.693
8.591
8.136
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8.8*3
8.813
8.818
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t.888
8.813
i.ejj
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v.8%
t.056
1.874
8.841
8.t71
8.187
8.8*8
8.8H
8.C3
8.8(7
8.W3
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8.168
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l«5«
8.838
8. 152
8.829
t.8i
8.861
8.M7
8.832
t.K9
8.825
8.829
8.1:7
8.822
8.814
1.186
8.193
8.83!



1153
If*1
8.899
1.897
VTO
1M8
f CJ
8.839
8.331
•M51
8.816
of
Clvifn

1
4
j
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
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2
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9
2
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2M


•9

225

275


173

332

278




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Si


138

2W

231


Trtll 5-4l»
P.C. P.C.
I«fl. Effl.

188 199


17 5S

222 118

388 139


IK 98

342 193

3*7 128




249 IK




318 198


lit K

228 128

228 121


KB,
l.C. Finil
Effl. Effl.

35 11


14 2

3* 18

32 1?


15 12

24 ':t

29 il




16 12




12 7









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•C'l
P.C.
Infl.

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32.1

79.8

97.8


29.8

IK. 8

ti-t




73.8




188.8


32.8

B.t

K.8


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67.8


?4.8

61.8

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44.1

878

98. (




87.8




84.8


38.8

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72.8


1
l
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1 b« I.
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1
! 124
1
1
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1
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1
1 283
1
1
1 252
1
1 292
1
! 3*8
1
1
1 1%
•
1 35?
1
1
1 2%
1
1 344
1
1
1 94
1
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c. TF/S: P.C. P.:. i.e. r

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38 132! 168 56 18
169 1CW Me 64 33

383 1W 3* 12 78


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74 2769 2M 2» 13






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i
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ft.t i 7.3
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9 i  U   rio* M KX tell n -LJ3»
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i .,.-*» > t. r ' •. «* 1. 1« ' i*-. :
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j- ;..-«< ' ' m :.'i I.KJ ••; ; , i
i«-j.i-ti • ' rr. ..T m: .v e
£-:.,-** > k-jii i.m 4 413 r. ; r in » at si i IM u oa
Ifc- :*!-«• k.T^l«iLe?I.Lib 2
!'-jr.-K Ltr < i , in is am
< i i ii
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MS i: i t.fu . :;i «.»• «-«v ' n ' 117 in IB i; ' K.I s.i . in »* y
hvi.i < '.M • m tn' irj ' t; . at m, in i: i i' > u . ;u lu a.i
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t; u ' t.!i l
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                                                               121
-------
                               APPENDIX D

            MEDFORC  FIELD INVESTIGATION  DATA

                      TMLE 111   lOFOTC WPTO 9B.1K tWT^T SXUSLT CPOOKICEnfi S-W KX PWILS.



Ivprtir


Oprtt.* ».r-t«
Pint Flom qd
v*-— - $!-»• d*r> si«* T*
tut! T«Btrit««, wgrm C
H.V5S, q/1

Spoil CoUK*:ui Startup TIM
Swill Colltctton Erdm TIB

Prof ill hit ( I)
drhxvm Vtar D
TF Efflwnt
Soluble Cirbornctouj S-0*> KX
htm Strardiry Sltdgt
TF EfflMitt
11
12
13
14
«
K
17
N
^inolmi Okygtn
TF EfflMrt
•1
12
U
M
6
*S
P
M
1
1 ta-ittd
1
1
1
i
1 26-Ju** 29-
1
1
1
1 13
1 3
1 21
1 1376
1
' H:S m I!
1 1MB m X!
1
1
1
1
1 22.1
1
1
1 112
1 9.3
1 6.6
1 4.4
1 3.7
1 4.3
1 17
1 13
1 2.5
1
1 (.2
1 16
1 2.6
1 l.t
! 13
1 11
1 4..
1 4.7
1 17

Solltt



Jwr-»«

9.6
2.9
11
1171

55 p
a p



£.3


12.1
7.5
i.7
3.4
4.8
3.1
4.1
19
11

7.3
3.3
4.6
13
14
13
14
4.1
2.J

Cootr.t Su!ut>

Pi'it-iili

16-Jul-«4

11.3
12
a
IM3

I3:U p
»»:a p



47.1


2L.I
17.1
14.1
12.1
ll.l
LI
LI
Li
6.3

6.6
4.3
12
1.6
1.6
1.1
1.1
1.9
11

il (UrtoMn


KUI 5-U( M Profiln




1 torch-bill

I9-J.H4

11.3
2.9
21
14t

11:36 P
Ilil9 p



23,1


7.1
5.7
4.1
18
12
14
LI
C.6
2.3

7.3
6.1
4.6
12
1!
16
19
4.7
4.7

17-fcj-fa

1L3
3
B
1KC

KM p
*t:4l p



33.1
21.1

3i.«
ei.s
17.6
14.3
IL6
9.4
L3
7.2
3.4

7.1
3.2
13
.2
.4
.2
.3
.3
1.3

19-Jul-W

U.)
U.I
a
in

W:57 •
11:41 *



26.1


12.1
L»
3.1
4.7
19
3.4
1;
2.9
2.1


6.1
1.3
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.3
7.3

«7-Ou5-64

U.)
U.)
a
K9

11:43 •
1U55 m



31.3
6.1

14.4
11.6
LI
6.5
(.1
3.3
4.4
4.3
4.2

J.6
,.6
4.1
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.1
3.9
LI
'«. I  A 10:3 rctio of tnciiUrq filttr tfflgtnt it> ntton
                                              Blidgt us vscti in the bnch-fcilt ttttk
(h.)  3«cli KHtert rttrrwrt pointt ilon| Uit ifrjlrj Klite cc.l*.Kt Unk for U» tlint-tcilt,
    SOOE profilM OH th. COTtlrt ti« fv tht bmch Kilt ELM) profiln.

Plvit-Scilt
b«>l>tiy< CoittKt TV* V9lw, IW H>-
kietrSult
BoIiHl brtict TIB, nn:iK.
19-Jt!-»»
!7-to(-H
Sim!t mabtn
! 2 3 4 3 ( 7 1

11 * % HI 133 2M 249 32T

!:»' 4:39 11:1 16:15 Ilil9 2C:I3 E:«4 37:19
I:K 6:18 .42 16:39 21:43 26:34 32 :H 37:K
-------
               02
                      PJJCOJLflTIW  PROFILES ALOti WQH LBOVI OF (tKflTU!  SOLIDS OMflCT T(M(  (T ICWTMO.



DflTE

26-Jim-fl*
29-Jun-fl*
19-Jul-8*
2«-Jul-6*

(*.)

Velocity
I/tec.
96
%
186
61
Aerated Solids Contact link Sapling Locations.


flBClDlD3EF6H
SSS fSS SSSPtSS SSSflSS SSSHJB SSS^LSS SSS K_=S SSSItSS SSSK.SS SSStSS
16.7 36.* 22.5 688 16.3 1618 19.2 16*2 16.8 1*11 23.2 1788 12.6 1&*3 1*> 1588 13.2 1729
23.8 29.1 23.6 52.* 1*38 5o.6 1*38 18.8 1*38 22.* 1368 22.8 1368 16.8 136? 18.8 1298
26.* 29.5 16.5 13*8 12.8 1798 11.6 1815 13.2 1*.8 18« .2.8 1&*8 12.* 18*8 12.8 18*8
19.5 33,5 11.6 !8.8 1*58 1*.B 1398 1*.8 29.8 1338 1*.3 133S 12.8 1333 1* 13*8
"ootnote   (*.)  flpprciiiati velocity  gradient betneen supling loc«tiors E  ird K.

    Nott:   SSS * Supernitant suspended solids in wj/1 
-------
                       TRBLE 03     FLEOJLflTION PSOFIUES IN 00 OF flERPTED SULIDS CWTRCT TBdK BY IdlfORD.
BflTE
27 .irt-tw
27-J--64
2«-jtm-e4
28-J«if-M
28-Ju»-fl4
17-J«1-S4
17-JnHA
17-M-W
l7-J»l-64
17-A1-6*
17-Jul-W
!8-J«l-84
18-J«l-«4
18-Jil-84
i8-;»i-64
lB-J»l-84
18-JLSS DO
11.6 1381
18.8 8*8
9.6 1718
14.8 13J8
12.4 1428
17.6 1745 8.1
13.9 1538 1.7
13.6 1428 1.6
112 1388 2.8
16.4 1488 8.1
18.8 139S 8.6
9.6 1425 2.4
14.8 1295 16
112 1380 13
112 1240 12
116 1288 1.7
15.6 1365 12
H
SSS ICS DO
112 1,-iS
116 1448
18.8 1798
12.8 1268
12. t 1470
10.4 1710 8.1
111 16IO 1.5
11.6 1310
112 1320 1.4
12.4 1478 0.2
116 1340 8.9
7.6 14*8 1.2
10.6 1270 3.9
10.8 1330 2.4
11.8 123 12
12.8 1318 1.8
116 14*6 2.S
Footnoti   (a.)  flpproiiwt* velocity jr*dient  betww saiplinQ Iccations E *nd H.

    Noti:  SSS » Supernatant  suspended tolids in q/1 after 30 linute*  of fettling.
          PtSS - Used liqoor suspended solids in q/1.
          DO « Dissolvtd oxygen concentration  in q/1.
                                                   124
-------
          T«U M     rjtOLflilO  PROFILES IN KIDDLE OF f£JWia StL'W COHTflCT T»# ST H3FOHD,
1 (*.)
(Appro lutt
DOTE


8&-ftoij-M
W-flus-M
f*fl»n-»*
M-Aug-64
88-fe-M
«HS-«*
Wlocity
firidient,
1/wc.
2
117
S
117
S
117





SSS
Z1.2
16.L
18,8
IB. 4
n.2
21.6

Aerated


Cl
US?
1181
1171
1871
"M
1201
1241

Solid* Contact Ts*



DO
2.6
2.7
K
SSS H.SS
U.'l -
16.1 -
2.P ' 1M -
2,1 ! H..6 -
8.1 i ?«.«
1.7 1 18.? -

Saap', .i;; 'jx ix.cn*



00
1.6
25
1.8
1.5
6,6
18
E
SSS >LSS
13.6 -
18.fi -
2E.8 -
27.6 -
28.8 -
a. s -




1
DO 1 SSS
8.9
2.6
8.8
8.8
8.1
t.4
21.2
22.8
IS. 6
Cl,&
26.8
3.S




D3
H.SS
1829
use
113?
use
12£4
12M





DO
8.8
2.6
ts
1.8
8.1
1.8
Footnote    (4.)  RpprjxiMtc vtlocity jr«Jitnt betaetm  wapling locitiwa E ind  H.

    fc*t:   SSS • S>ipcrntt*nt suspended *olg/l.
           DO • 1iuolv«d oiygtn cotctntration in tg/1.
                                                 125
-------
       TABLE OS    Offline! SUSJJQGO SO.IDS MEASUREMENTS AT HBJRJRD.
                                             dinner Saplt Location
Dit!



26-Ja*-fl4
27-Jim-84
£8-Jnr84
29-Jun-64
19-J»l-84
20-J»l-fl4
20-J«l-64
96-flgj-84
09-flwg-84
89-A
-------
          TRBLE  K     CUWiFIEl S.IH6E RJW5T 'KFILES OT
         I         ISludg* 81 oust  Depth In Fwt  At Specified Supl* locations
         IClarifir-l	
87-Jan-M
K-ftq-*
99-fkq-M
19-6^-84
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
3
2
2
2
I

(4.)
4.1
<«.!
'.«.)
1.1
IS
(a.)
17
• 2
II
t«
a. 6
17
19
11
Z.O
13
17
1.1
IS
III
18
1.1
14
14
i:
2.0
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
IV
1.2
1.1
19
18
l.»
1.2
l.i
1.2
1.4
1.2
V
1.8
19
1.1
18
1.1
1.3
17
IS
1.3
1.1
VI
4.5 (b.)
3.8 (b,)
16
1.1 (b.)
18
1.2
1.1
1.3
15
18
Focinotw   (a.)   Riied fn» K->.> to botto*.
           (b.)   8anK of roK'tntrated wlidt also noted abovt blanket.
                                  127
-------
                            APPENDIX E




               CHILTON FIELD INVESTIGATION DATA
rflRi El
        CHILTW FlOW 
S.C. Sec. I
Reeve, taste 1
' -' ~ - ~~ — ~ n I
8.216 8, £839 !
8. 219 J. 18835 1
8.177 8, 82831 1
8.234 Idi 1
8.259 8.81&BB 1
8.M 1.11498 1
8.178 8.81412 1
1.486 1.11257 1
8.452 8.88298 1
8.41? i.K»#) i
8.336 8.M£88 I
«.443 t.8M8t 1
8.34S «.«98W 1
ft. 451 9. 0Bd0A t
8.443 i.80988 1
«.2* 8.81321 1
8. 258 1. H444 1
8.234 8.J1498 1
8.161 8.11179 1
8.155 8.81413 1
4.253 8.I14S9 1
8.231 8.81147 1
8.489 8.mS3 i
S.146 8.88735 1
8.J73 8.8H33 1
8.591 8.8S848 1
8. 197 8. 80735 1
6,321 8.88744 1
1

Ri.
Infl.



337
JK




333
428
245



332
188
355




315
221
'.41




134
Total 5-diy BOD, ! Soluble 5-D«y SOD i Carb. 5-Day BOO
Pria. T.F.
Effl. Effl.

487

182 271

222 272


237 146







636

US 218


291 l?l

136 163

148 185


66 285

Sec. J.S.S.
Effl.

18.8
1763
5.5
1832
28.8
519

11.8
482






18.8 163*

2.8 717


6.8 8tt

3.1 Ttt

12 751


16 541

PTIB. T.F. SK.
Effl. Effl. Effl.

14.8 l.b

131 18.3 3.6

81.8 14.8 £.5


32.8 13 I.I







19.8 2.5

66.8 6.8 1.3


47.8 7.5 1.4

71.8 5.8 1.4

58.8 5.5 1.1


35.8 5.4 1.8

Prii. T.F. SK.
Fffl. Effl. Effl.



151,8 129.8 3.5

98.8 67.1 3.8


64.8 153.8 3.6







114.1 8.8

72.8 81.1 1.2


63.1 46.8 2.7

till 45.8 '..9

76.8 78.1 1.3


56.8 82.1 I./

iSoI. Oil. 5-O^y BOD
«9/l
PriB. T.F.
Effl. Effl.

9.3

91.1 12.8

67.1 9.7


318 11







9.2

54.1 1.8


45.8 4.7

E4.I 2.3

38.8 6.3


25.8 2.5

SK.
Effl.

1.5

4.2

2.4


I.I







I.I

I.I


1.6

1.1

1.6


8.5

cortinwl
                               128
-------
      T«U El     CHILTW FUJI WD HJl *Tfl

fc.it
. PHASE 11
• I'.-flur84
K-rtuj-M
ii-fluj-84
8*-Q«5-44
85-f*g-44
K-feg'84
• 87-Aif-»»
> 06-fcn-64
09-ft»j-64
18 ftjj-84
u-fcr**
MSE III
12-fcfl-W
13-ftig-M
i 14-Aq-84

lHkq-84
17-fl«g-84
18-fluj-84
t9-A«r84
• 28 (W| 84
* Ji-««rw
• 22 fluj 84
23-*r«4
Phtw '
'.I
',11
0«r*ll
Flo.,
HM S.C. SK.
Iifl. 8K-yc. Uattt

153* 8.279 8.W7G9
8,552 8. 'JS9 8. W762
0.6M 8.311 1.63791
0.438 8.233 8.W726
0.732 8.371 1W767
8.622 1.325 188758
A tQt A It1 t 8WT7SA
*• D JO VtJOl V*W'J^
8.591 8.3W 8.88751
8.537 8.3S7 IKTm
0.571 8.299 8.W7X:
8.436 8.233 0.80783

8.566 8.2% J.8872t
4.623 1.325 LM748
1 39 8.298 8.88746
8.5£6 8.277 1.00739
8.548 8.274 8.88KM
1.5?! 8.314 180432
1^! 13CS 188«U
• IM. 9 ItS £ 8lQ?fL.
w, oo» VrJij v.TC^ro*k
1 ^3* M 774 A AfiflTl
<<• JCV 9*Cf* 9* WPDO^
0,3% 1311 108832
»,531 1279 180838
1*98 1263180838
162k 1284 8.8185
157B 13N 0!«76
ft 563 9* 294 •• 1069
1683 0291 18894
Totil 5-tUy BCD,
•g/1
8i» Mfc T.F. Stc. S.S.S.
Infl. Effl. f.ffl. tnl.

387 18* ,'97 4.8 452
287
189 2&1 6.3
634


242 148 142 4.6 398
316 132 174 4.2 7S2
171
62 n 18 4M




86 Itf 74 118
152 234 168 12.1 ?>!
2C7 788)
to 113 14.1
485

IS 10 7.3
1168
168
189
271 171 262 7.3 9*2
249 119 214 4.6 S48
164 143 138 12.8 423
241 146 222 7.9 792
Soluble SHU/ 100
Prm. T.F. SK.
Effl. Effl. Effl.

91.0 15.1 2.1

77.0 11.8 3.7



44.0 10 2.3
17.4 6.3 1.2

6.9 1.9 1.8




9.8 C.8 2.3
li.» 3.7 2.6

41.8 5.1 4.6


111 3.8 1.4



419 9.9 1.8
410 14 2.1
19.8 4.4 2.8
41.6 13 2.1
Ctrt. 5 5*> *ffi
Sj/1
PTIE, T.F. SK.
fffl. Effl. Effl.

1U.0 183.8 3.4

81.0 128.0 2.3



67.8 /&.« 2.1
73.8 89.8 2.4

46.8 718 1.8





Sl.t 79.8 6.4

611 24.8 6.2


39.1 44.8 3.9



84.8 86.2 3.3
76.2 93.2 2.2
315 42.8 5.9
71.4 VIS 3.6
Sol. Ob. 5-Oiy BOB
•5/1
Prit T.f. SK.
Effl. Effl. Effl.

94.8 11.8 1.1

63.8 9.2 2.3



42.8 4.2 1.7
12.* 2.3 1.3

1.8 1.1 1.8





21.8 13 1.7

33.0 3,8 15


6.9 2.1 1.1



52.1 6.2 1.6
42.4 5.5 1.5
16.9 11 !.9
419 3.4 1.6
Hotti  •  Hi|h cwi»itrit>orB of wtiU in rw tffl«nt cutset  inhibition in MX tttt.
      T.F.  « Trirtltiq Filttr.
      H.S.S. > IMvni SKWtUry Sl«l|(.
                                                       129
-------
«SL£ iZ    Biili«
3XIOS OKSUTWT!*, VOATIU
                                                        9X.IDS
                                                                     KlttD LIOUCR PRIWE7B5, fM) SUSGE KMCT

*t.
PWSE :
I1-J»H4
82-Jul-W
lo-Jul-84
»>-j'ol-W
K-M-M
K-J«l-«4
I7-.M-8+
M-M-W
!8-J«l-44
ll-J«I-84
l>£l^84
l4-J»I-44
liH.1-84
l"i-J«l-tH
I4-Jul-44
19-J»l-84
J8-J«H4
21-J«l-84
22-J»l-44
23-J«l-44
24-JtI-44
25-J«l-44
26-J«l-*4
27 -Jul-44
28-J»I-44
29-W-44
3>-j«I-84
31-J«H4
Sospmdtd S
«5/I
R*i Prift. T.F.
Im'l. Effl. Effl.


2534

3H 131 B85
4B2
94 1328

72 998
272
an


128 12N
228
221 1498
428
188 ',898


184 338
2K
2£8 IU 1348
232
IK 1838


148 14(8
248
oiidv
Sec. LS.S. CSS
Effl.


14
tm 47»
29
5568 34£8
IS
3848 2398
21
3328 2748



13
7588 3643
7
8543 361*
3
5148 32(8

18
1478 tS
•j
6123 2198
2
4488 2388

3
5488 2988
Vol«til*
Pri«. T.F.
Effl. Effl.


44.4

15.3 47.2

312 411

33.3 S.l




318 44.2

43.9

64.8 47.7


417 19.6

42.3 413

44.4 41.9


45.7 «.(

Svtisrsi
percwit
SK.
Effl.


57.1

27.6

513

32.3




46.7

15.4

<18


iS.8

28,8

12.3


17.8

«i '.toil
IS.S.



44.7

419

46.4

44.2




*17

46.6

47.3


44.2

412

418


415
*N
US



44.8

46.4

44.4

46.1




44.7

46.3

47.;


44.8

46.6

47.8


414
Xitrd Litucr
a-flinutt SVI
Sittlt^ility

138

181 21

68 17

43 17



48
43
78
M 22
85
98 38
73


93
98 144
78
63 38
68
78 38
78
•
88 32
Sl«dj* Blanket Dnth,
fwt
iMitfe fettifc At Sew At
Floe toll Hoe M! hffl*



1.2 1.2

12 8.2

18 18

18 18 18




18 18 18

18 8.8 8.8

18 18 18


18 18 18



1* 18 18




Site



1.5

12

18

18




18

18

18


18



M



                                                                                                           eortlii
                                                        130
-------
 EC     ttltTW a£H}C)£D SDLIK OMDmHTIW, VOfltlLZ SUSKMW) SOUK PESCEWI,  MED LIQUOB  BWBCTD5, Ml SUME BJNtET OOTW K»ti««J.
C«t
(jiwyy r ]
"»VC. 1 1
81-* Am i m
L.TT*1J8]^^
13-o-iS-**
I4~fc,v«4
1* tLg, 8U
1J *W8] i"
16-ftjr*
17-Au{-84
l8-ft»g-84
19-ftiq-84
31- *H -44
21-Aiq-M
22-ftif--84
23-fc,-*
RUM 1
II
HI
Owill
S«w«ni«! Sol 1*1,
»» Prti.
Infl. Effl.

3% 136
176
184

m t24
2W 12
7W
98


272 63
336 88
328
138


94
2
264 43
312
298 116
339 (I!
383 13
313 185
T.F.
Effl.

1288

1628

838
931

1138


878
341

348


341
268
1293

1321
1134
643
1198
Sec. R.S.S.
Effl.

3
4228
4
3188
6 E£S8
3
3928
3
4*58

K 9833
14
A271
11
2833

11
13 8748
8 8288
4561
12 3391
3 4826
14 6948
11 3583
USS


1561

1728
1688

2478

3573

5112

48U

1718


4228
4388
3848
2826
2281
4211
3862
VoUtllt StitgencXt jjlitfi,
penxnt
(Vis. T.F. S«c. H.S.S. HJ3
Effl. Effl. t'fl.

48.7 49.8 32.1
49.5 46.8
318 45.6 37.5
45.3 43.3
41.9 45.9 43.3 49.2 47.6
31.2 43.2 26.8
31? V.t
38.8 47.8 218
417 49. T

46.k 41.4 41.8 46.3 458
31.8 41.7 21.4
47.8 47.2
718 49.4 34.3
319 413

34.2 47.4 444
34.9 3X7 58.1 bit 38.2
33.8 318 49.8 47 1
47.8 47.?
43.3 43.5 34.3 46.7 46.9
44.S 46.5 35.8 44.7 47.5
52.3 47.3 e6 4B.7 47.f,
46.3 46.2 36.7 46,8 47.2
Kn.cd Liquor
PvMitcn
St-fiwitt


SI

5)
43

65

•

14*

93

38


*!
185
88
76
51
93
76
an


£

29
27

26

22

27

19

29


21
84
16
38
27
33
34

Imid*
Floe toll


1.8

1.1
IS

15

1.2

1.1

12

IS


1.2
14

ti!
18
17
IS
S'dg* Blinkm tout--.,
feet
bttiife
F!oc Mil


1.8

l.t
15

IS

l.S

1.2

i:

13


2.8
15

12
19
19
16
flt Scui At
hfflt


1.1

1.1
13

15

l.S

1.1

11

19


2.8
15

18
19
1.1
16
Site


1.5

1.1
IS

IS

1.3

1.2

11

19


1.2
15

12
1.1
19
16
tott:  T.F. • Trickhn Filttr.
      H.S.S. • %t»K fKV&ri Slidp.
                                                          131
-------
r«i£ a
                       >*, its sisaivB) onroi BHJSBOTB.

Da'.i

US 1
il-Jut-M
e-JuH*
I3-JH1-14
*-,«!-«4
H-Jol-M
*-I«l-94
»M«!-»4
«-M-«*
•9-Jil-M
H-J.1-4*
ll-Jul-64
LVJdl-*,
13-J«1-I4
l4-J«I-»4
I5-J.1-W
16-J«1 -M
!7-J«l-*4
lfl-J«l-t*
!9-J«l-44
S'-Jttl-M
Jl-J.1-94
S-ltl-tt
£}-J«}-44
»4-Jtl-*4
&-M-&
5-J Fvrw!
infl. Effl.

7.9 7.7
7.» tl
LI M
7.1 7.6
7.) LI
7.9 7.9
LI 7.8
r.9 LI
7.9 LI
LI 7.9
7.1 LI
7.1 7.9
7.8 ?.*
7.7 7.4
7.4 7.7
7.9 LI
7.1 7.J
7.9 7.7
7.7 4.9
7.9 LI
19.5 7.7 LI
1 7.7 LZ
1 7.1 LI
31.1 7.9 7.1
7.1 LI
7.9 7.7
7.1 LI
IL3 III 7.7 7.9
7. 7 7.t
7.1 12
LI 7.7
Biuolnd Oiy^m rirofili,
ft» 1 Pria. I.F,
Infl. 1 Effl. Effl.
1
1
1
14 1 17 7.2
l
2.1 1 1.1 7.1
1
1.7 1 1.3 LI
1
1
17 1 6.1 L3
1
1
l
1
1
1
1 4.1 4.3
1
1 4.9 f-3
1
1 4.1 7.7
j
1
1 4.2 7.7
1
1
1
2.9 1 4.4 4.1
i
1
1
T.F./HS.S.
«'• Point










7.4






4.1

2.1

3.7


4.3



13



Inflwnt of (fe-lt-ion Tmkll 1C. OunwllFlo:. C«i>*w U>ll totll ISl'jlJgi
11 K 13 M



4.4 4.4 L7 Ll

3.1 (.6 9.1 L9

L2 Ll 11.2 IL2


7.7 11.3 11. 1 111






12 5.6 t6 Li

1.9 2.1 7.4 L7

72 3.3 9.1 L9


7.2 4.1 14 6.1



1.2 13 Ll 12



Infl. Effl.



7.7 7.1

Ll 7.4

1J 11


Ll 12






Ll L7

L2 7.7

L3 Ll


7.9 Ll



11 7.1



i* y v










S.2 3.1 i.«






6.2 6.1 4.C

4,1 i.3 4.3

3.7 3.1 5.1


4.4 (.4 4.4



7.4 4.1 4.1



1 Blink.



19

14

11


11






11

16

3.3


17



4.4



SK.
E'fl.



3.3

S.1

4.1


17






4.1

7.9

4.1


t.1



11



                                                                                                 cortirad.
                                                132
-------
      TABLE E3     CHILI* TDOEHtTlK, pH, M tTKOLVO (BYSX fcMJWOTS
ht<
PUS I!
«i-*U)-Jt
K-mj-44
W-iM-»*
*»-a^-B4
«3-ft«?-4-
«-wil-*>
17-fta-S'
88-flm~84
IS-Aq-M
!«-«»«-«
ll-flur-84

PH& [II
i2-ftn-M
13-flu|-94
14-ftij-**
tM«|-»4
16-ftH-SA
17-«i|-M
18-»n-«4
19-««f-*4
28-ftir»4
Jl-ftH-9*
22-»n-»4
2J-Sol-*4

(WirajH
>aUf| J
II
!II


Ttwiritun,
te^m C
R*> Firnl
IP.?'. Effl


213

2«.5


21.3
21.1

Ii3 JM.I




211

2«.l

21.1 2«.4


£1.3
21.1



17. 4 '.?. 2
It 5 5*. 7
21.1 2t.3
1* Dinolvm Cnygm Brof i It,
m,H
OM Fpt«i RM Prig. T.F.
Infl. EfC. Infl. Effl. Effl.


7,7 7.7

7.7 7.6


7.6 7.3
M 7.6

7.9 1.3




7.7 7.1



7.1 7.7


11 7.1
7.1 7.3

,

7.1 7.J
7.1 7.7
7.9 7.7
1


4.1 6.6

4.2 6.8


4.1 6.3
18 3.9

4.3 4.8 6.)




IB 7.6

3.3 7.6

1.9 3.1 7.1


18 7.3
11 8.2



2.9 T" 4.3 7.3
4.3 4.2 6.5
19 4.6 7.6

18.1 119 1 7.1 7.1 2.1 4.3 7.!
I.r./R.5.5. 1 Inrlumt of atnUc* T«mi
hi Point , 11 12 13 K


6.8

6.1


3.8
••

7.3




7.9

7,7

7.4


7.3
13



11
6.1
7.8

6.2


6.J 7.6

9.1 9.8


7.2 7.8
13 16

9.4 9.3
















11 6.1 9.2 18
7.7 1.1


11 6.8 17 13
S.C. Ouxnl
Infl. Effl.


7.2 6.1

11 6.8


6.7 7.1
4.9 16

7.1 7.6




4.9 4.2

11 4.6

11 19


4.6 4.4
16 16



1« 7.9
6.9 6.(
4.1 4.1

7.8 6.6
Floe. Ontir U.1I D«th
i' y r


18 18 3.8

18 11 16


14 14 18
18 18 j.8

13 14 3.4




1.4 1.3 1.1

2.2 2.1 2.8

1.5 1.3 1.2


2.8 1.9 1.2
19 12 12



6.2 <• 6.8
».9 4.9 ».l
1.6 1.4 1.1

4.4 4.2 4.1
Sl'BrC ' >r.
!Unl. tf-i.


4.8 6.7

16 5.J


3.1 18
4.1 6.8

14 E.8




1.2 1.?

2.8 2.5

1.2 2.2


1.2 2.7
14 1.9



4.7 6.9
4.7 19
1.2 2.2

18 5.4
Mil
      T.r. • Trickling Filter.
      IS.S. ' dttimi iKondiry Sludj*.
                                                                 133
-------
      TML£ H    CHILTB -umUTIW MB SEOXBSY QJWIFICT TOT* SOTMED SK.ICS.


MS 1
It-Jul-M
2t-J»l-*4
WS6E 11
n-ftq-94
MS I!I
Run 1
II
HI
Dwell
f.F,,
SSS TSS
IK 992
« «

53 2Mb
76 t«EI
1C 1731
31 2131
91 13«
71 1431
T.F./HS.S.
•9/1
SSS H.SS
as MM
41 19K

U 2SM
61 232«
7S 371
131 193t
64 M73
61 2411
IN 1231
73 2244
Colita Contact Durwl
location 11 Iccitiw R lac-JlioB 13 lorition 14
55 H.SS SSSILSS SSSM.SS S3 CSS
33 3443 37 3941 35 3517 38 4114
11 21« 11 SM 11 23U 11 3321

21 I7M H 9EW 42 11841 27 2173
26 2«4» •*. ZS» 29 71M ii 24H
M 3341 7i 3967 M 4467
1« 4f7i S> 41H 78 3123 S 3SC.
2227% 23 4471 2329* 233667
23 2171 4* 6KI 36 »47» 31 W*
93 3MS N 41N 77 4346 71 41*4
47 2922 41 3*41 43 3632 42 3346
FloccuUtor C*nt«r ^11,
•I/I
y (teptti 12* depth
SSS (US SSS USS
16 Ki 18 368
23 -U 1 232

27 82 1 21
11 641 7 2N
4t ?» 33 261
61 UTS 33 1U
21 171 14 3M
11 3f.l 1 158
91 1H3 34 2K
31 531 18 217
ISwmdary CUrififr TSB,
•V/'
4*fith b»l« tffl. Ugnter
41 8' 1?
19 26 64
24 3« ^
216

4 12 12
1 12 17
13 16 17
13 21 35
4 12 12
11 14 17
12 17 23
fctti  T.F. « Trirtlin) Filtir.
      K.S.S ' Win SttvHis-f Slidg*.
      SES • Totil SmpmM Solife in Sopt^tm* flfttr 31 Hinuln Srttlii^.
      TSS • Total SLMIT^ Solid*.
      US • «:ml Liqwr inpt«^i Solilh.
                                                             134
-------
           E5     tHILTW SOl'JBU IW)  SO.UBLF.
                                                        5-DOT KB  F9BMLE?.
                                Solublt V-iky BtS Pw>fi>,
                                                                                             Solublf Cirtcnjcwul 5-Oiy  BOB Prof lit,
'
Oatt 1 T.r. IT.F./R.S.5.
: tffl. . « . fc.,,1
PHfiSf 1 1 !
tC-Jui-94 . 1
ll-Jw'-84 1 1
17-^ul-^ 1
l>J.l-94 1 A.I 1 X.I
a-Jil-W 1 3.3 i 2.9
I I
MS II > 1
l?-floB~A4 1 1 6.1 1 IdLI
•4-Qag-84 1 1
»7-Ou?-»4 1 1
n-ftorw i 7.5 i 17
1 1
MSE 111 1 1
16-Aij-M 1 1
lS-o«n-*4 1 16.1 1 (.1
21-flui-M 1 1
E-Ouo-M 1 11. 1 1 13.1
1 1
Avtriqn I 1
»«. II 17.7 1 19.5
11 1 11.8 1 6.!
Ill 1 113 1 11.5
1 1
Ovtrill 1 14.J 1 12.6
•q'l
Infill toderitiM ra*«
11 t? 13 M




14.1 31 13 2.2
(I.I (I.I 2.1 2.1


7.2 LI


H 1.6








7.3 2.1 2.7 2.2
4.6 11


7.5 2.1 16 11

S.C. Chjw.1
brq'r. ii wit rrO




2.1 13
2.2 4.3


5.3 19


1.5 1.9



11.1 1 2 11

2.4 2.1 2.9


2.5 19
14 2.9
6.2 3.3 (.1

4.« 5.5 4.3

T.F
cffl.




ci.1
12.1


1 ^, M


7.1



11.1

7.7


19.1
11.9
9.4

111

T.F./H.5.5.
*u Pcint




2S.«
t-3


7. a


1»



3.7

11.1


17.3
5.4
7.1!

11.2
•,/!
In' J-l tc Opritio* Tanl*5
12 13 k4




14.1 2.9 1.7 I.I
1.1 15 2.3 7.1


5.1 19


1.4 1.6








7.5 j.2 2.1 4.1
13 2.1


7.5 12 2.5 1<

Sll Tiinwl
(*,'<. niMit ml




1.1 I.I
4.1 3.1


4.1 17


1.3 1.7



4.4 3.2 14

2.3 2.7 1.4


2.6 11
I.I 2.7
15 4.1 i^4

2.') 4.1 2.7
Mtl  T.F. • Trickily Filttr.
      K.S.S • Murn SmnJiry Sltdgl.
      S.C • Sohdt Contact.
                                                                  135
-------
                              APPENDIX F

            QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROJECT PLAN*
                QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT  PLAN  FOR
                  POST CONSTRUCTION  EVALUATION  OF
              TRICKLING FILTER/SOLIDS CONTACT PROCESS
PROJECT TITLE:  POST CONSTRUCTION EVALUATION  OF  TRICKLING
                FILTER/SOLIDS CONTACT  PROCESS

PROJECT OFFICER:  Mr. James Kreissl

PROJECT DIRECTOR:  Mr* Arthur H. Benedict

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION:  Brown and Caldwell

DURATION:  January 10, 1904 to September 30,  1984

TYPE OF PROJECT:  Task Orde/ Contract  68-03-1818,  Work  Assignment 3

SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION:    Minicipal  Environmental  Research
(LABORATORY AND DIVISION)   Laboratory

APPROVALS:
Project Manager:  Mr. Arthur H. Benedict
Extramural QA Officer:  Mr. Larry L. Schaleg* v    „   ., 	
Project Officer:  Mr. James Kreissi                u           U
Project Officer's immediate supervisor:  Mr.  Carl  A. Brunner
MERL QA Officer:  Mr. Larry Khamphaki'
*Appendix 7  is  takan fron Appendix A of u'ork Assignment 3 Revised
 V7ork Plan for  Task Order Contract 68-03-^818, June 6, 1984.
                                   136
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                         TABLE OF CONTESTS
Subiect
DISTRIBUTION LIST

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND
    RESPONSIBILITIES

3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES

    3.01 Analytical Parameters
    3.02 Precision, Accuracy, and
         Completeness
    3.03 Comparability

4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES

5.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY

    5.01 Labeling and Chain-of-Custody
         Records
    5.02 Sample Preservation

6.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

7.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS
    AND FREQUENCY

    7.01 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
    7.02 Solids (Residues)
    7.03 Phosphorus
    7.04 Ammonia and TKN
    7.05 Nitrate and Nitrite
    7.06 Performance and System Audits
    7.07 Preventive Maintenance

8.0 ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE/
    QUALITY CONTROL DATA

    8.01 Accuracy
    8.02 Precision

9.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION

10.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE COORDINATION
     AND REPORTING

11.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
                                           Pages   Revision   Date
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          0
                6/6/84
      6/6/84


      6/6/84

      6/6/84
                                      137
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                 DISTRIBUTION LIST
ttr. Arthur A. Benedict, Project Manager, 3rowr. and Caldwell

Mr. Carl A. e.runner, Project Officer's immediate
Supervisor, US'EPA

Mr. James Heidman, Work Assignment Manager, USEPA

Mr. Christopher Kaempfer, Supervico1. tor Oconto Falls, and
  Chilton, Robert E. Lee & Adscciates

Mr. James Kreissl, Project Officer, USEPA

Mr. Raymond N. Matasci, Work Assignment Supervisor,
  Brown and Caldwell

Mr. Jack L. Muir, Tolleson Field Supervisor,
  Jack Muir Enterprises

Mr. Denny S. Parker, Principal-in-Charge,
  Brown and Caldwell

Mr. Larry L. Schaleger, Extramural CA Officer,
  Brown and Caldwell

1r. Sheldon Stone, Laboratory Director, Robert E. Lee &
  Associates
                           138
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                                                          Section 1
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Jate 6/6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 1
    1.0  PROJECT DESCRIPTION
    The purpose of Work Assignment 3  is to provide technical
support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
for post construction evaluations (PCE) of selected trickling
filter/solids contact (TF/SC) facilities in North America.  A
main objective of PCEs is to  identify and rank cause-effect
performance relationships frr selected innovative/alternative (I/A)
technologies.  Performance relationships inrlude those related to
meeting final discharge limits, as well as those impacting non-I/A
unit processes.  PCEs are accomplished by investigating several
operating facilities and identifying  deficiencies or superior
attributes common to the particular I/A technology being evaluated.
Major areas of investigation  induce  design, construction, operation
and control (•including start-up), sampling-testing procedures,
laboratory facilities, management/administration, and major
equipment characteristics.

    Special studies may also  be performed to resolve outstanding
questions of national interest focusing on specific areas of design
and operation of the I/A technology.  The primary emphasis of the
PCE for TF/SC will be the special studies which  include field
investigations at four treatment plants.  At this time, field
investigations are planned for treatment plants  in Tolleson,
Arizona; Oconto Falls, Wisconsin; Chilton, Wisconsin; and Medford,
Oregon.  The quality assurance project plan has  been developed for
th^se field investigations.
                                     139
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                                                          Section 2
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/5/34
                                                        Page 1 of 2
    2.0  PROJECT ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
    The project organization and lines of authority are shown on
Figure A-l.  Larry Schaleger will be the quality assurance officer
for the work assignment.  He will aissure the collection of valid
measurement data and perform routine assessments of quality
assurance/quality control laboratory data.  Erown and Caldwell
will supervise field investigations at Medford, Oregon; while,
Jack Muir will supervise field investigations at Tolleson, Arizona.
Robert E. Lee & Associates will supervise and perform field
investigations at Oconto Falls and Chilton,  Wisconsin.
                                 14C
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                                                                       Section  2
                                                                 Revision  No.  0
                                                                     Date  6/6/84
                                                                     P* ge  2 of  2
        KESPONSIB'.LITY

        COMMUNICATION
                               PROJECT OFFICER

                                J«MES KREISSL
                             8KOHN AND
                                          "4ELL
                               DENNY 8. PflRKER
                       I	
 8ROMN AND CALDMELL

  QUALITY ASSURANCE
	OFFICER	

  LARRY SCHALECER
  BROHN AND CflLDHELL

   PROJCCT MANAOER

  ARTHI;R H. er.EDICT
 BROMN
           CALDHELL
      ASSIGNMENT 3
      ADVISOR

RICHARD J.  STEN3UIST
                             BROHN AND JALDHEU.
                              WORK
                                 SUPcft/ISOR

                             RAYMOND it. MATASCI
   BROMN AND CALDHELL

   ASSOCIATE ENGINEER
      LAB PERSONNEL
                                                                    USEPA
                                                              MURK ASSIGNMENT  3
                                                                   MANABER

                                                                JAMES HE I OMAN
                                                  — J
ROBERT E.  LEE  i AS30C.
SUPERVISOR FOR OCONTO
  FALLS AND CHILTON

 CHRISTC'HER KAEMPFER
J ACK iJUIR ENTER.. INC,
   FIELD SUPERVISOR
     FOR TOLLESON

     JACK L. MUIR
                               LAB AND FIELD
                                 PERSONNEL
                                   LAB
                                PERSONNEL
 Figure F-1   USEPA Innove Jve/Aiifirnatiye Technology Support Work Assignment 3
              Organization Chart
                                         141
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                                                          S-action 3
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 2
    3.0  QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES
    The quality assurance {QA) objectives for precision, accuracy,
and completeness for each of the analytical parameters of interest
are discussed here.

3.01  Analytical Parameters

    The parameters to be mcnitored will vary, depending on specific
plant requirements.  They will be selected from the following four
groups:

    1.  Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
    2.  Solids:  total, suspended, volatile suspended
    3.  Phosphorus:  total, orthophosphate
    4.  Nitrogen:  ammonia, total Kjeldahl (TKN), nitrate, nitrite

3.02  Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness

    Project QA objectives are sumirarized in Table A-l.  Test
methods, accuracy, precision, and completeness are shown in this
table for each parameter to be measured.

3.03  Comparability

    Because several different laboratories will be conducting
analyses for the project, it is essential that the data be
comparable from one laboratory to the next.  This will be tested
in two ways.  First, common methodology will be established.  This
will include such details as specifying filters for determining
suspended solids and soluble BODs.  Second, at least one round of
check samples will be sent to each laboratory for interlaboratory
comparison.  Tha results will be judged on the basis of the
precision and accuracy objectives of Table A-l.
                                142
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                                                                                   Section  3
                                                                            Revision  No.  1
                                                                             Date  12/18/84
                                                                                Page 2  of  2
                                Table A-1  QA Objectives
•ielo4ie
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                                                          Section 4
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/64
                                                        Page 1 of 1
    4.0  SAMPLING PROCEDURES
    Sampling procedures must include provisions to insure proper
coj.l"ction, preservation, and representativeness.  Collection
anc representativeness are discussed in this section, while
preservation methods are presented in Section 5.02.  In thi~ work
assignment, sampling will be performed using a variety of methods.

    Two types of samples will be collected—grabs and composites.
Grab samples will be collected for mixed liquor and sludge streams.
Composite samples will be collected for liquid streams with all
samples being composited over a 24-hour period.  The composite
samples will be flow-proportional and be the manual or automatic
type.  Manual composites will be collected every one or two hours
by field personnel or by discrete samplers.  In each case, the
24-hour composites are developed by inspecting the plant flew
charts and proportioning sample volume for each time increment
according to the average flow over the same increment.  Automatic
composites will be collected with existing plant automatic samplers
that develop flow-proportional composites.

    Every effort will be made to insure that representative samples
will be collected by choosing sampling points where streams are
well mixed.  These points can be just downstream of flumes or in
areas of hydraulic mixing or aeration.  Samples will be collected
in the middle of channels at 0.4 to 0.6 depths from the bottom.  In
the case of primary sludges, three grab samples taken from the
beginning, middle and end of the sludge removal cycle will be
coaposited to provide a representative sample.  Kemmerer samplers,
which collect in situ samples, will be used to assess the state of
flocculation along the mixed liquor channels and in the clarifier.
These samplers consist of 2-liter plexiglass cylinders with ends
that can be closed after the cylinders are filled with sample.
These samples will receive a minimum cf disturbance since they are
not pumped or drawn through small orifices.
                                    144
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                                                          Section 5
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Datfl s.'6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 1
    5.0  SAMPLE CUSTODY
    The purpose of sample custody procedures  is to document the
identity of a sample and it.s handling  from the time of collection
until its ultimate disposal.  The requirements for on-site
laboratories will be less rigorous  in  general than those for
commercial laboratories, although certain minimum requirements
must be met.

5.01  Labeling and Chain-of-Cus'cody Ps cords

    Each sample collected must be identified  as to sample type,
sampling location, date, ar.d time of collection.  A sampln identi-
fication number must be assigned and the name of the person
responsible for collection must be  indicated  on the saicple container
label.  Additional information regarding preservatives, analyses
requested, and special circuirstances should also be noted on the
label at trie time of collection.  Samples relinquished to a
commercial laboratory will also be  accompanied by an appropriate
chain-of-custody record form for purposes of  sample tracking.

5.02  Sample Preservation

    For purposes of collection, preservation  ar«d storage, the
analyses can be divided into three  groups:  BOD, solids, and
phosphorus-nitrogen.

    BOD - Samples should be tested  immediately if possible.
Storage at 4° C for a period not to exceed 24 hours is acceptable.

    Solids (Residues) - Preservation of the sample is not practical;
analysis should begin as soon as possible.  When short storage
times (less than 24 hours) are necessary, refrigeration it 4* C  is
recommended to minimize microbiological decomposition of solids.
These samples are also suitable for pH neasurements.

    Phosphorus-Nitrogen - Analysis  should be  started within
24 hours.  If this is not possible, the samples should be filtered,
acidified to a pH of <2 with H2SO4  and stored in glass ac 4* C.
                                   145
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                                                          Section 6
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date G/6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 2
    6.0  ANALYTICAL PROCEDUF'.ES
    The analytical methods to be used for project monitoring
purposes are listed in Table A-2.  Most of the procedures are
taken from "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater."1
                                    146
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                                                                         Section  6
                                                                   Revision  No.  1
                                                                    Date 12/18/84
                                                                      Page  2 of  2
          T'ble F-2  Methods for Analysis of Solid and Aqueous Samples
Measurement parameter
Sal Ida ' raa idues )
Tot a 1
Total volatile solids
Total suspended
Volatile suspended
Phosphorus
Total

Ortho
Nitrogen
Ammonia ( I )
Ammonia (II)
TUN

Nitrate
Nitrate plu« nitrits (I)
Nitrate plus
nitrite (II)

Biochemical oxygen demand
Metals*
Digestion
L
Oa
Mg
Cd
Cr
Cu
Hg
Pb
In
Microbiological
Total conform
Fecal coliform

Salmonella



Reference*

209A
209t
209U
209E

424C, F

424F

417A, B
417A, D
420; 417D

EPA 325. 1C
418E, 419

418C

507

3010,3020
322A
311A
318A
7130,7131
7190,7191
7*10,7211
7471
7420,7421
7950,7951
908
908C

912A



Description

G'.'av Imerr 1C
Cravir.etric
Gravimet r ic
Gravimetric

Digestion! ascorbic acid
color tme tr ic
Ascorbic acid colorlmetric

Jlst.illation; Nessleriiat Ion
Distillation; titrlmetrlc
Digtstion; distillation; ;.itrl-
metric finish
Brucine sulfate
DeVarla's alloy reduction

Cadmium reduction) colorimetr ic
finish
Oxygen depletion

Acid digestion
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Cold vapor AAS
AAS
AAS
Multiple-tube fermentation
Modified multiple-tube
fermentation
Concentration, selective
enrichment and growth,
biochemical test, serological
confirmation
Approiima-»
d» * a c t i o i
limitb'd

5 n>g
5
10
25

.05

.05

0.2
1.0

1.0
0.1
2


0.10
O.S

-
.05
0.2
.001
.002
.003
.002
0.0001
.070
.002
N/A

N/A




•Methods are  fron Reference 1 unless  otherwise indicated.
bUnit* expressed in mg/1 unless otherwiso noted.
cReference  2.
dpcc the analysis o£ solids,  e.g.,  cosipost or sludge,  the numerical detection limit
 »111 typically b« 50 times higner, and the units are  expressed as mg/Kg.
•Reference  4.  Detection limits refer to flsme AAS.  Much lower limits are possible
 in the case  of the heavy metals if graphite furnace AAS  is employed.
                                         147
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                                                           Section  7
                                                     Revision  No.  0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 1  of  3


    7 .0  INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS AND FREQUENCY

    Each laboratory par t ici r)' tint; in the monitoring project will
set up its own internal  quality control  (QC) program specific
to the project.  The program will consist of th~ *nalysis  of
replicates, spiked samples, labct*tory control standards,  and
spiked reference standards, in addition  to daily blank and
calibration standards.

7.01  Biochemical Oxygen Demand

    Each group of samples for BOD analysis—total or soluble,
inhibited or uninhibited—will be done in duplicate at two different
concentrations at the minimum, or in triplicate at threo different
concentrations at the maximum.  In addition, analyses will also be
performed for the following:

    1.  Dilution water blank.

    2.  Glucose-glutamic acid laboratory control standard, freshly
        prepared- in duplicate.

    3.  Sewd blanks (settled primary effluent)  at a concentration
        to give a BOD in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 rag/1 in duplicate.

Analyses on dilution water blanks will be performed with each group
of samples; while, analyses on control standards and seed blanks
will be performed on a weekly basis.  Control charts will be
established for the accuracy of tne laboratory control standard and
for the precision of all replicate determinations.  The American
Public Health Administration recommendation of 200+^ 37 mg/1 for the
glucose-glutamic acid standard will be used as the basis for
corrective action.

7.02  Solids (Residues)

    Blanks and matrix replicates will be analyzed with each sample
set, the proportion of matrix replicatas will be one replicate for
every 10 to 15 samples.  Control charts £or precision will be
established for each of  the three residues—total suspended solids,
volatile suspended solids, and total solids.

7.03  Phosphorus

    Calibration standards will be prepared and analyzed to generate
a calibration curve embracing the range of concentrations to be
measured.  Blanks, calibration standards, blank spikes, matrix
spikes,  and matrix replicates should be analyzed with each sample

                                   148
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                                                          Section 7
                                                      Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 2 of 3


set.  Spike  recoveries  and  replicate  analyses will be conducted
on every  tenth  to  fifteenth sample.   Control charts will be
established  for  recovery  and replicate  precision data.

7.04  Ammonia and  TKN

    These methods  involve digestion  (TKN  only), distillation, and a
colorimetric or  titrimetric finish.   The  internal QC  will be the
same as that for phosphorus.

7.05  Nitrate and  Nitrite

    The brucine  sulfate method  determines  nitrate alone, using
colorimetry.  Cadmium reduction takes nitrate to nitrite, also
determined colorimetrically.  DeVarda's alloy reduces both species
to ammonia, whicn  is then determined  with  either ft titrimetric or
celori-netric finish.  In  every  case,  blanks, calibration standards,
blanx spikes, matrix spikes,  and matrix replicates will be analyzed
with each sample set.  Matrix spike recovery and replicate analyses
will be performed  on every  tenth to fifteenth sample  or with every
set of less than ten samples.   Control  charts will be established
on the basis of matrix spike recovery and  replicate analyses.

7.06  Performance  and System Audits

    Performance check samples will be sent out to participating
laboratories near  the beginning of the  project for the purposes of
making a preliminary assessment of method  equivalency, accuracy,
and precision.  Each check  sample will  be  analyzed in duplicate and
nhe results reported to the quality assurance officer who will
compute stacislics and compare  these  to those reported by the EPA
in its roum.'-robin studies.

    Several of the laboratories involved  in this project regularly
participate in these EPA  round-robin  studies.  The laboratory at
Tollesor. is certified by  the  Arizona  State Department of Health
Services.   Certification  for  Robert E.  Lee Laboratories within the
State of Wisconsin is pending.  No independent QA system audits are
contemplated unless a serious QC problem  is uncovered in the course
of the project.

7.07  Preventive Maintsnance

    All major analytical equipment to be used fcr the project
at each laboratory is under service contracts.  Balances are
calibrated annually.
                                 14?
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                                                          Section  7
                                                     Revision No.  1
                                                      Date  12/18/84
                                                        Page 3 of  3


    General measures to be fol-lowed include the running of  distilled
water blanks to check on sterility and of positive controls to
check on method selectivity.  If necessary, the methods can be
tested by obtaining specific cultures from the American Type
Culture Collection.

7.08  Performance and System Audits

    Performance check sair.Tles, will be ssnt out to participating
laboratories near the beginning of the project for the purposes of
making a preliminary assessment of method equivalency, accuracy,
and precision.  Each check sample will be analyzed in duplicate and
the results reported to the quality assurance officer who will
compute statistics and compare these to those reported by the EPA
in its round-robin studies.

    The laboratories involved in this project regularly participate
in the EPA's round-robin performance check sample studies.  No
independent QA system audits are contemplated unless a serious
QC problem is uncovered in the course of the project.

~i „09  Preventive Maintenance

    All major analytical equipment to be used for the project at
each laboratory is under service contracts.  Balances are cali-
brated annually.
                                  150
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                                                          Section 8
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 2


    0 . 0  ASSESS!* t-Nl; OF QUALITY ASSUPANCE/QUALITY CONTROL DATA

    Precision and accuracy will generally be evaluated by means of
QC cnarts based on the internal OC data submitted to the'quality
assurance officer on a monthly basis.  A preliminary assessment
wi_l b*» bosed on the results for a set of performance samples to be
bent to the laboratories  involved.

8.01  Aocuv?i^/

    Matrix spike recovery data will be used to track accuracy.  If
a real sample is spiked with the compound to be determined at a
level equal  to or greater  than that in the unspiked sample, then
the percent recovery is calculated as follows:
                                          100
where

    Cs •  amount measured in the soiked sample

    Cu »  amount measured in unspiked sample

    Co •  amount of spike

For example,  if the concentrations of ammonia in a solution
are measured  at 2 and fr, before and after spiking with 5 milligrams
per liter (mg/1), then  the percent recovery is  (6-2) x 100/5 *
80 percent.

    After a number of data points have been obtained, preferably
20, the stand = rd dev iation( s) is computed.  'Jppet and lower control
limits are set at +3S;  upper and lower warning  limits are set at
+ 2S.

    Subsequent data is  plotted on the control chart.  A datum
outside the range of R  ^3S requires that corrective action be
taken.  A datura within  the warning range of R +^S and R OS tells
the analyst to be especially watchful for systematic errors.

8.02  Precisior 3

    Replicate data is used to evaluate precision.  After a number
of duplicates have been reported, preferably at least 20, upper and
lower control limits on precision are computed  as follows:

                                    151
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                                                          Section 8
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 2 of 2
    Let R =  C2 - Ci  ,  where C^ and Cj are concentration values for
a pair of duplicates.   The R is the average of R over 20 or more
duplicate determinations within a defined concentration range.   The
upper control limit (UCL)  on R then is given by 3.27 R.  The lower
limit is zero.  Tie range_over which a particular R is measured
must be specified, since k is range-dependent.  That is, precision
at concentrations near the detection limit is not as good as
precision obtained at  much higher concentrations.

    In principle, separate control charts need to be constructed
for each range of measurements, e.g.,  0 to 1, 1 to 10, and 10  to
100 mg/1.  This will not be needed if  the range of values of a
parameter is fairly narrow.
                                   152
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                                                          Section 9
                                                         '-, ion No. 0
                                                         Dace C/-V/64
                                                         Page 1 of 1
    9.0  CORRECTIVE ACTION
    The control chart serves as sc\ a|ert system for unsatisfactory
or unexpected results.  Any result falling outside of control
limits, generally set at ^3 standard deviations from the mesn or
true value for spike recoveries or an equivalent mjasure fcr
precision, indicates the need for corrective action.  Any such
result must be brought to the immediate attention of the Q'\
coordinator.

    The nature of the corrective action may take any number of
forms, depending upon the perceived seriousness of the particular
situation.  In some cases, an isolated outlier cannot be explained.
If prior and subsequent QC data fail to indicate a systeraatic
error, ther. the result may simply be ignored.  In no casa, however,
vill ITK-"-« the.;. 5 percent QC outliers be tolarated.

    In the more usual case, the out-of-control situation will
require a series of corrective measures designed to reestablish
analyt'cal validity.  All analysis is stopped until the problem is
identified and resolved.  The best determination is made of when
the problem first occurred; data collected after this critical
point  is discarded.  If possible, all analyses since the last
valid  control check will be repeated.  Analyses performed after
tne resolutic1* of the problem must be accompanied by a higher
percentage of .-pikes and replicates, say 5 percent rather than
10 percent unti. the QA coordinator is satisfied that the problem
has been completely solved.
                                    153
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                                                         Section 10
                                                     Revision No. 0
                                                        Date 6/6/84
                                                        Page 1 of 1


    10 .0  QUALITY ASSURANCE COORDINATION AND REPORTING

    Quality assurance report forms for each parameter will be
provided to each laboratory.  At the end of each n:onth, the
completed forms will be mailed to the QA coordinator for review.
The data collected initially will be used to establish QC control
charts.   The results of each laboratory as to precision, accuracy,
and performance on check samples will be reviewed by the QA
coordinator to ensure that interlaboratory data is comparable.

    The QC control charts will then be returned to the individual
laboratories along with instructions for their use.  Each laboratory
will be required to report out-of-control events to the QA
coordinator within 48 hours of discovery.

    The QA coordinator will write a monthly QA/QC report on the
basis of all laboratory activity for that period.  The report will
include a discussion of out-of-control events reported and their
remedial measures.  The report will go to the project manager for
review.
                                   154
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                                                     Section 11
                                                 Revision No.  0
                                                    Date 6/6/84
                                                    Page 1 of  1
11.0  BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.   "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste-
    water,' APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 15th Edition, 1980.

2.   "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,"
    EEPA-6QO/4-79-200, United States Environmental Protection
    Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
    Cinncir.ati, Ohio, 1979.

3.   "Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and
    Wastewater Laboratories,"  EPA-600/4-79-019, United States
    Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring
    and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.
                                 155
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