1970
:$ 0 Y i; \ R s o i  L; \ \ i K o \ M i: \ T v L PR o <. it i. s s
2000

               REMEMBER THE PAST
               PROTECT THE FUTURE
                                    AEPA
                                     I .S. Environmental Protection Agfiu-y
                                     Region in/Mid-Atlantic States
                                     EPA-903-R-00-004
DELAWARE I DISTRICT 01 Con MKI\ I MARYLAND I PI-:\\SYLVAMA I VIRGINIA  Wi:sr VIRGINIA

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EPA was born 30 years ago at a time when
rivers caught fire and cities were hidden
under dense clouds of smoke. We've made
remarkable progress since then. But we
can't  rest on our success.

Our mission to protect the environment,
and to protect public health, is a mission
without end. New challenges loom over the
horizon as surely as the new day.

We must continue our work to ensure that
with each new dawn, the sun shines
through clear skies and upon clean waters
— and all our families  enjoy the blessings
of good health.
-Carol M. Browner, EPA Administrator

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*                   UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                      REGION III
                                    165° Arch Street
    PRO**-                   Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-2029
     Dear Friends:

            The 30 years of environmental progress highlighted in this report
     chart a remarkable success story.  In one generation, we have reversed the
     effects of more than a century of industrial pollution and environmental
     degradation, and we have begun the effort to restore and protect our
     treasured natural resources. We have done this and at the same time built
     the strongest economy in our history.

            This remarkable progress is a tribute to the work of thousands of
     dedicated and talented EPA employees, to the cooperation of other federal
     agencies and state and local governments, to the efforts of scores of nonprofit
     organizations and their volunteers, to the tenacity of dedicated community
     activists, and to the enlightened leadership of many in business and industry.

            But there is so much more to do.  Many communities have yet to
     share fully in the benefits of our environmental progress, and the new century
     presents challenges - from uncontrolled sprawl to climate change - that were
     scarcely understood or anticipated at the time of EPA's founding.  President
     Clinton, Vice President Gore and EPA Administrator Browner have defined a
     vision and a program to  meet these challenges - to protect the health of our
     children, ensure cleaner and more livable communities,  and preserve
     farmland and open space while providing all communities with clean air,
     clean water, and safe drinking water.

            This leadership, joined by that of environmental leaders in
     communities across the country, offers the promise that  we may fulfill
      Theodore Roosevelt's mandate that we leave this nation "a better land for
     our descendants than it is for us."
                                                    Sincerely,
                                                    Bradley M. Campbell
                                                    Regional Administrator

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                                  MID-ATI. ANTIC SIVI I.S« :!ll YKAKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL I'KOUtl SS
     President Kiehard Nixon si
-------
            The B
                                                                                 erica
       B
   efore there was an Environmental Protection
Agency, before there was an Earth Day, before
Rachel Carson wrote "Silent Spring," there was
Donora.

On the evening of October 26, 1948, a
suffocating cloud of industrial gases and dust
from a local zinc srnelter descended upon this
western Pennsylvania town like  some biblical
plague, killing 20 residents and  sending 7000
people — half the population — to the hospital
with breathing difficulty.

The Donora tragedy shocked the nation and
marked a turning point in our complacency
about industrial pollution and its effect on our
health. Americans demanded breathable air, and
industry was forced to clean up. Many states
lacked resources or the will to address the
problem. So, in 1963, Congress  passed the first
federal Clean Air Act,  then amended it in 1970 to
give it teeth.  States were now required to come
up with plans for reducing pollution to meet
federal clean air standards.

Since the passage of the 1970 Clean Air Act, we
have removed 98 percent of lead from the air, 79
percent of soot, 41 percent of sulfur dioxide, 28
percent of carbon monoxide, and 25 percent of
the smog soup now called  ozone.

We've come a long way since  Donora, but our
work is not done. America no longer has black
skies or belching smokestacks.  Today's air
quality problems are more insidious. We now
know that air pollution blows across state lines,
and that nitrogen oxide emissions from a coal-
fired power plant in the Midwest can cause
unhealthy levels of ozone smog for children living
in the Northeast.

Ground-level ozone — today's smog — is still
with us, and so are its associated health
problems. An estimated 10 to 20 percent of all
respiratory-related hospital visits'in the Northeast
can be attributed to ozone pollution. Cases of
death among children from asthma have reached
alarming levels and are on die rise.

Over the past few .years, EPA has taken several
important steps to better protect public health.
As the millennium turns, EPA continues to fight
for the right of Americans to breathe clean air
with new standards for fine particles and seek
reductions in smog-causing nitrogen oxide
emissions from power plants.

Whether it would have saved 20 lives in Donora
in 1948, or will improve life for 100 million
Americans living in areas that have not attained
basic clean air goals, protecting air quality has
become a health imperative.  We may never
return to the disastrous conditions of Donora, but
the fight for clean, breathable air still presents
major challenges.
for every large  project approved or'funded by (he federal government. 20 million  people celebrate  the first Farth  Day.

plans to achieve standards. The {.'. S. Environmental Protection Agency is created with 5,000 employees and a $1.3 billion
    ,                                                                                                       I

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                                   MID-VII V\l l( SI'VII s • :ill M Vltsol I \\ lltONMI M \\ I'KOUJKSS
                   He environmenl  has
       paid big dividends to
       Americans, and none bigger
       dian public licahli.  IT- a
       mallei' of health and hrealh.

       l:coinnnic, llctillh ami
       11 n i 'iron im* nl til I fan t'fils
       The economic value of the
       public health and
       environmental benefits thai
       Americans enjoy from (he
       l()('0 amendments to the
       Clean  Air Act exceed  their
       cost-, by a  margin ol -Ho-1.
       An estimated SI 10 billion will
       he saved, avoiding illnesses
       and premature deaths that
       would have occurred  without
       new clean  air standards  in die
       amendments.
I  silica sophisticated array ol
computer models and the
latest emissions and  cost data.
an EPA study shows thai by
2010. implementation ol the
amendments will save 2.'$.000
people from dying
prematurely, and will averi
more HUM
attacks.
mil
    I Ml
aslhi
In addition, the clean air
amendments will prevent
67,000 incidents ol chronic
and acute bronchitis. ')] .000
occurrences ol' shortness of
brcalh. -+. I  million lost  work
dav --. and 31 million days  in
which Americans would have
had lo restrict  activity due to
air pollution and related
illnesses.  I hese standards also
would prevent 22.000
respiratory-related and -42.000
cardiovascular-relate*I hospital
admissions, and  -Kr>00
emergency room vigils for
asthma.

Smog in //»«• niitl- llltinlic
()/one smog that plagues the
mid-Atlantic  stales is caused
by a combination ol local and
regional sources.  Air pollution
does not slop at  stale lines.
Stales in the region have spenl
millions ol dollars  to reduce
unhealthy levels ol  smog, but
are laced with pollution
transported  from power plants
and factories  hundred ol miles
away.  Delaware. Maryland.
Pennsylvania. Virginia and die
Districi of (Columbia all have
       /// / /6 V x/i a i/i'c hi ullcil mil 11 a1 x/,v in Pittsburgh mi ii I n n I tn r i/n\'. lira u 'iir* lu'lun- I n/i'jrrxx iinn'iiili'il I lie < In in \u \i I unit
       ifiirr il li'iili.  innk\' ( //r. u i r/i/ur\' n/ mill, x/i'i'l unil i'u/,'r iniikiii'j i'1'rnli'il mi nillfli'lltillf! Imzr llnil
       bliickt'iirtl liiiildins.i unil hlnlli'il n/// l/if .•inn nnlil llii' lull' /'l-fO\ irln'ii  Pittsburgh mil .•n-nunx uliinil clt'iiiiing I/if mi'.
hudifel. KI'A  Uegion III is established \\ilh oHIccs in Philadelphia and laboraiories in Annapolis. \ld.. and VVIieoMng. W.Va.
puin( on cribs and (oys.      (llean Water Act is passed, reducing pollution from point sources. DDT is banned. Manufacturers

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upgraded their auto inspection
and maintenance programs lo
ensure dial vehicle emissions
are minimized.

hi the metro  Washington. D.C..
area  including northern
\ irginia. more than I million
people live in this  area which
does not meet health-based air
(|iialil\  standards  for o/one.
Richmond and die
Shenandoali  National Forest
have exceeded the standard
several  limes. More than (>
million  Pennsylvanians live in
areas dial do not meet air
<|iiality  standards, as do more
ihan -f million people in
Maryland and oOO.OOO in
Delaware.
                                           FPA continues to work with
                                           the stales lo reduce sources of
                                           smog, and lo help businesses
                                           develop new cost-saving
                                           technologies to reduce
                                           pollution.  A clear example of
                                           our success in reducing o/one
                                           is seen by comparing the hot
                                           summers of 1988 and 1<><>!!.
                                           In 1()<>8. mid-Atlantic stales
                                           had ()()  days exceeding the
                                           one-hour health-based
                                           standard.  But  by 1(>()<>. there
                                           were fewer than 10.
                                           1'iihlic
                                           of Air Q
                                           Public awareness ol air quality.
                                           indoors and outdoors, has
                                           advanced significantly. Most
                                           ne\\  home buyers  now lesl for
                                           radon, the second  leading
cause of lung cancer in  die
I nited Suites.  Mid-Atlantic
scientists recognized the
harmful health effects of the
naturally occurring radon in
homes in Reading.
Peiiiis\ Kania and sounded the
alarm across the couulrv
Renters, home owners and
builders now know dial
asbestos is  harmful. During
the summers, when press
reports  alert us to o/one action
days, citi/ens now reduce
exposure to high  levels of this
noxious o/one-smog.

\\itli a sophisticated urban air
monitoring network in place.
we now have a statistical basis
 lUtlOV, Pittsburgh x cr/l Imir irrll \niiTirnii* run r/run n/i u jinllnlcil < il\.
        tional Administrator is Edward W. Fnria. ,lr.       Congress restricts lead-based paints in residences and bans lead

required to supply tovieologieal information and  register pesticides. Canada and the l;.S. agree to clean up the Great Lakes

  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                                                                                                           r

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                                     Mll>- VII \\IIC SI VII s • :to M VliS 01 I \\ lltONMI M VI I'liOUtl'ss
        l.iirironnn'iilnl
        l:nforc<>nn'nl
        The mid-Atlantic region has
        always IKMMI active in Clean Air
        Act enforcement.  Recently, (lie
        region lias added sector
        initiatives, where specific
        industrial sectors \\cre  targeted.
                                      KPA investigated sectors where
                                      there liarr Million (ppin)
         0 ()•(            S()2 Suiiiilanl = ().().'? |)|>ni
                                                                   TSP ^ PM-10: Less Dust and Sooi in Air
                                            (..Mill
                                             T
                                                          80
                                                          70
                                                          60
                                                          50
                                                          to
                                                          30
                                                          20
iili/m
TSP
Standard= 73
Micrograms per (lubic Meier1
change in
 standard
                 (.mill

     PM-10 Standard
    paniculate inaiici' standard =
    30 Micrograms per Cubic Meier
                                                                                             Source: 1,1'A AIHS Database
        /-/'I .< I'll i ul* In n •: I iii'<' mi IH ill ill i< 111 lifijiiii in lli \/.r 17711 TII i {iir/>i>lliitiiiit.i:i'iirlii>n innno.vitli' (CO). MI//HI i/m.iii/i' S( >_' . /mr/ii'ii/ii/i'
        innllcr irlurli 1.1 i/u\l mitl .i>n>l  /'I/ III . Inul I'll . nziiiti'. mill in/rnu'i'ii (liti.t'lilc.  l'nif*n'x.i liu* lirrn iiiin/i1 in n'llnri/lf! till xi.t'n infill ti/nu/t SITU nix i n r ininltly mil inirfiiiritl*
        In n •< In i-i/ILL' ( < >. >'OJ. 
-------
        I In' iiiiliiiiinliilr i.t mil1 i>l lln' iiiii/nr
        nrotlticfr.t nl siting.  Mntnnsts ilnrr -/."t
        jn-i'i'i'iiI I/tint1 niilrs tlnin in  /'VS..
        / ri'i'inn's nrr i'lms0                       2010
                                                                                       Siiunv: l',l'\ OAOI'S: IS CI-II.MI-
                                               I hi n ii'^ I In1 i H ist -iti \riirs. i n r i fin ih I \' In is iniin'iiri'il si'ji/ifn'nti//\ triitlt- tlir
                                               ii/'i'ir/n l-f-ll IHTI'I'///. lilt1 iHipnltttHHi wt'ir hv'2-f lii'rct'iit, tiitr/tin'niiwhci
                                               iniilni I'i'/iii'/i' null's ilrii'fii increiixt'il In' lh\ /ir/i'i'/i/.
          Cleaner Air for the New Century
           ing muss Iruiisil. almrins " ''"/'' '"
        cur /jiioliitg rcrlticcs traffic
        ni r juillui nut . mill snri's nn>iti'\'.
In addition to more efficient
automobiles and cleaner
fuels, state managed
inspection and
maintenance programs
have also contributed to
cleaner air.

In December 1999, in
another key step to protect
America's public health.
President Clinton
announced the strongest
standards ever  for
controlling harmful tailpipe
emissions.  For the first
time, sport utility vehicles.
mini-vans and  pickup
trucks will also meet the
same new low tailpipe
emissions required for
passenger cars.  This also
provides for cleaner
gasoline with lower sulfur
content.
The public health benefits
of these new standards are
truly significant.  Over the
next few decades, almost •>()
million tons of smog-
causing air pollution will be
removed from the air. This
means 2MMMM) fewer
asthma attacks in children.
4.300 premature  deaths
prevented and 173.000
respiratory-related illnesses
avoided.  The new rules will
save the nation $25 billion
in medical and other
health-related costs and
prevent 683.000 missed
workdays and more than 5
million days when people
restrict their activity
because of bad air.

To gel real time information
about smog and air quality
in your area, click on to
www.epa.gov/airnow/
                                                   •otect endangered species mid wild flora and Fiiiinn. KI'A begins (o phase

how chlorofluorocarbons ((TCs) destroy the  stratospheric ozone layer, whicb protects Karth from ultraviolet radiation.
                                                     	


-------
                                   MID-ATLANTIC STYII.S • .{(I YKAKS Ol i:\VlliONMI.NTAI I'UOI.Hl SS
Congress  passes the Safe  Drinking \\iiUT Act.       Car makers begin installing catalytic converters in new vehic



polyrhlorinated  hiphenyls (PCBs).        National  energ) plan  of I'resident Jimmy  Carter focuses on  conservation

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       A,
  America has come a long way since 1()(>(). when
fixers in many cities were open sewers and the
Cuyahoga River, polluted with volatile chemicals,
caught fire in Cleveland, Ohio.  From a world of
\\aicr\\ ay> contaminated with industrial waste
and inadequate sewage  treatment, we tackled our
problems head on and solved many of the big
ones.

Armed with  legislation and funding from
(iongre.xs.  the Environmental Protection Agency
led the fight  to reclaim and restore the nations
rivers, lakes  and harbors. The Clean Water Act.
passed in  1('T72. only two year's after EPA  was
established, gave the agency its first authority to
reduce industrial discharges into public waters.
During the next 28 years, the American people
have kept more than one billion pounds of toxic
pollution every year from entering our waterways.

Responding  to public concern over findings of
harmful chemicals in drinking water supplies.
EPA established health-based
standards under the 1()7-t Safe
Drinking \\ater Act. Today, thanks
to successful environmental
protection, the I 'nited Stales
enjoys one of the best supplies of
safe drinking water in the world.
Two-thirds of our people get
their drinking water from lakes
and rivers and the balance from
ground water.
                                               CUYAHOGA
                                                   RIVER
Drinking water standards arc no\v in place for
more ilian 80 different contaminants, which
public water suppliers monitor to ensure our
safety.  In 1(>('8. President Clinton called on
community water suppliers to tell customers
where their water comes from and what
chemicals it contains.

I'ish are now plentiful in rivers once too
contaminated to support aquatic life. Massive
fish kills were in recent memory common and
threatened the fishing industry in the
Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Estuary and other
primary fisheries.

People now swim and fish in many lakes and
rivers where before it was unthinkable. The
(-lean Water Act has doubled the amount of
water suitable for fishing and swimming.

Ocean dumping of sewage sludge, industrial
waste, plastic debris and medical waste has
           been banned.  More than 30.000
           major industrial dischargers
           p re treat waste before it enters local
           sewers.  This has removed from our
           sewers 75 percent of the toxic
           discharges that include heavy
           metals and PCBs. Since 1 <><)().
           through site planning, facility
           inspection and oil spill  exercises.
           EPA has decreased spills at oil
           storage facilities.
                           -grave regulation  of  hazardous waste.  President  Gerald Ford  mandates  phase-out  of

renewable, non-polluting energy resources.      KPA and other ageneies ban CFCs as a propellant in most aerosol cans.

    L

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                                   MID-\TI.\\TK: STVII s • :;n u;\ns or i \\iiin\Mi vi \i i>ito(.i million  people in
       thousands ol communities.
       More than <">">  percent of all
       Americans now have safe.
       healthy drinking water.
       President ( Clinton has
       challenged KPA to raise  t
        100 percent.
        The
       A new consumer confidence
       rule requires local water
/'//<• < Iliin IliriT is slinirii /]iiin/i\' II lici'linn;.
fin/iking irttlrr jnr trulhoim ofpt'opl? in /V////.V
Iiiilni/Hi nnil Illinois,

companies to tell customers
aliout the  source,  quality.
ingredients and possible
contaminants in their water.
and to include health
education  statements lor
children, the elderly and
people with immune system
disorders.

KPA and the states regulate
more than 21,000 water
                   Regionally 30 Billion Callous of Sewage
                         will be Flushed Daily by 2025
                         People
                        (million^
           10
               1')()()  I')"7!)  l')80   1')<)()   1 <)<).-,  2000  2()0."i  2015   202.")

        P(ii)iil(iti(in in I In1 innl- \tltuilit' si i ilr* linx iiH'rt'iisril ni^nijirtiiill\ uinl /.v pnyt'rlt'd lit In1
        ->'/ IIH//IIIII h\ -OJ.). .ifl hillinii ^tilliiiis it/ liiinitiit //7/.s7r is lliislii'il r/T/T ir inlli tin' i>iij mini inn. l!ii' irti/rr irr /Jn.s/i linlin nun' In' tin' inilrr it'i' dnilk
        Innnn'i'ittr. riml s irh\' srirti^'i' ti'i'iiliiirnl uinl dnnking trnli'i sliiiiiltinl.s un1 so in/fntrtunl.
 II. In. I Ills I'll'i'l' is llli' sniirrr nl
\lrnniti. O/iiii. llrsl lirmnni. /\i-n//ir/\\.


 supplies in the mid-Atlantic
 region.  The ()()() largest
 systems supply (M) |)ercent ol
 the \\ater consumed by 2(>
 million  residents. Only 10
 percent ol public water is
 supplied by  the remaining
 20,-fOO small- and medium-
 si/e \\aler sstems.
             Drinking \\'ulvr
 Sltimlfirds
 A significant factor in cleaning
 up drinking water supplies i-
 eiilorcemenl of our anti-
 pollution laws.  During the last
 five years. KPA has taken
 (H-.-W3 enforcement actions
 against public water systems in
 the mid-Atlantic region. These
 action- can be informal or
 formal, ranging from a phone
 call asking why a particular
 report is late, to a full-blown
 criminal action that can carry
 a jail sentence for the worst
 polluters.
                                     In I*)').! Washington.  D.C.
                                     residents  awoke to the news
                                     that they had to boil their
                                     water to make it sale to drink.
                                      The citv-owned-and-manaeed
An  accident at  Three Mile  Island, near  Hai

Compensation, and Liability Act. known as Kuperfuml.
                       puhlic  debate about  the  satety ot nuclear  p«

-------
                     ( I I \\ \\ VII It • SMI l)UI\kl\». \\ VII I! I OH I \l inoM - V I'KI SIDIM I \l  MVMUII
      Billions of Dollars
    in I niidini: to Improve
  \VaterQualUy in Region III
   \Vasic\\ ;IICT Tiviitmrm I'acilities
      ITO-1999 = S70 Billion
   Drinking \\alri Tirntmrnl I arililio
       1997- ll><)i) = S.2.-> Billion
I lir nnil- \llmiln I'l'iiinii Ims ~>./OII
f'liniinii nit \ ' irtitrr s\ \/f 7//\ t/n/f jinirnlr
irtilfi' for iiniri' limn _' . million ncojilc.
/./' I pnn'iiles limits Inr riiiniiiiiiulii'.s In
iliifi/'i >/'<  lliftr /rr/.v/i •ii'tili'r mnl drinking
ii'nh'i I rt'iil nii'/il inn/ trmtts si'it'ii'ji'
in'iiinii'iil nnil drinking irulrr n/H'rutnr
In Region III ///<•/•<• un- lYiT large
drinking irater s\'steins.  I lirrr //mi'
cliost'n In sm'jniss /t'l/i'fi// nml \fnlr
drinking irnln standards nnil Imrr
liri-ii recognized iritli I.I'Vx Directors
 \iriinl. \hnri'. l)i'/ni/\'  \dininislnitor
II. Michael McCdlie is presenting this
m/'m'i/ In  I'llilmli'lj>lim '\ // ith'r
I )i'jmrl nii'nt.
utility had diverted water
revenues to other city projects.
resulting in serious
deterioration of the drinking
water1 system.  FPA worked
with Congress  to clean up the
contaminated distribution
system and to establish a new
regional water and sewer
authority with an accountable
financing and management
.structure.

\ctr Threats to
Drinking \Vnlpr
 fhe biggest source ol pollution
to the nation s water's today i>
agricultural runoff.  It affects
70 percent of our rivers and
streams and -t() percent of our1
lakes. For example, common
practice by farmers is
spreading manure on fields as
fertilizer.  Over the years.
farmland has become saturated
with nutrients that far exceed
the ability of crops and soil to
absorb them. The excess
nitrogen and phosphorus How
as pollution into rivers.
streams, and ground water'.

As part of President  Clinton's
(lean \\aler Action Plan in
 1 <)<)«. FPA and (he I .S.
Department of Agriculture
released a national strategy to
minimize water pollution  from
animal feeding operations.
Toxic waste also can threaten
water supplies.

The movie.  I Civil Action,
was a reminder of how
contaminated ground water
could become  toxic drinking
water. Now stale
environmental agencies are
assessing surface and ground
water — our drinking water1
sources — to identify potential
contamination.
                    • For specific  information
                    about your local  drinking
                    water., access the web site
                    http://www.epa.gov/
                    safewaler/ which links to
                    more  than 300 reports
                    serving  nearly  100 million
                    people or call  Tlic Safe
                    Drinking Hitter
                    (WO) 42(t-47VL
                                                                           Drinking  I Idler I lot line a I
                   /;Vi/«rr/ii» Iliri/rr
                   Qnnlily I'wmil.s
                   KPAs mid-Atlantic region set a
                   national precedent in its action
                   against Smithfield Foods s
                   pollution of (he James Uiver
                   basin.  FPA struck a blow on
                   behalf of the (Chesapeake Bay
                   by forcing Smithfield to stop
                   dumping an estimated -\
                   million gallons a day ol animal
                   waste into the Pagan  River.
                   and treat it at  a sewage plant.
                   The $12.6  million judgment in
                   1()()7 is the second highest
                   awarded in (llean \\aler Act
                   litigation.
                   Students, seniors mnl 1'ilizriis /u'oi/nsi'
                   In i'niisi'1'i'i' mid protect drinking irnler
                   In  Inking llic Him' Ilimiili /Vn/irr.
       •nl  Orange  from  the  L'.S.  nuii'ket.

                         (I oudiiu's a  10-vc

?arch plar
                                   Comprehensive  Knvironmental  Response.

                                                   laws (o provide hma

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                                  MID-ATLANTIC STA'IT.S • :(() VKAUS OK KNVIKONMK.NTM. I'KOCKKSS
safe  disposal of nuclear waste from power  plants and weapon production.      The Chesapeake Bay  Agreement signet



activities.     Union Carbide plant accident in Bhopal, India releases methyl isocyanate. killing more than 2.000 people.

-------
        J- here was a time when people didn't think twice
        about burying their garbage and hazardous wastes
        wherever and whenever was convenient.  Industries
        buried waste in their own backyards, and for years,
        communities deposited both trash and toxic waste
        at the town dump.

        The infamous Love Canal provided our nation
        with a much-needed catalyst for action. Used as
        an industrial dumping ground since the 1930s,
        community activists turned a spotlight on this
        suburban area in upstate New York and it was
        found to be contaminated by buried, leaking
        chemical containers, in 1978.  It was immediately
        declared a grave and imminent peril to the health
        of hundreds of residents.

        Proper waste disposal was catapulted to an issue of
        national significance. With Love Canal as a
        symbolic poster community, Americans learned the
        hard and fast way that unchecked dumping of
        hazardous materials posed serious health risks.

        Then came Superfund.

        Established in 1980, Superfund empowered EPA
        to not only protect the environment, but also to
        clean our nation's worst abandoned hazardous
        waste sites. Today, hazardous wastes and toxic
        materials are tracked from production to disposal.
        The public is informed about the presence and  .
        potential danger of all toxic materials in their
community, whether it's emitted from a
smokestack or stored in a warehouse.

Yet solutions aren't always evident, and the hurdles
to cleanup are immense. Industries in the mid-
Atlantic states alone generate 50,000 tons of
hazardous waste a day.  Cities are running out of
space to dump their waste and must dispose of it
elsewhere.

hi 1986, the ship Khian Sea left Philadelphia with
15,000 tons of incinerator ash. Waste that no one
wanted. The ship dumped some ash in Haiti and
traveled the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans
before arriving — empty— in Singapore. Almost a
decade after. Love Canal, the Khian Sea incident
provided Americans with another staggering
reminder of a very valuable yet limited resource —
clean land.

Communities realize that the concept of
environmental protection extends far beyond waste
removal. The Superfund and companion
hazardous waste management programs go a step
further, finding creative solutions to solving the
nation's shrinking landfill space and developing
waste management alternatives like land recycling,
reuse and waste reduction.
           *
Looking back over the past 20 years, EPA's
Superfund accomplishments are substantial.  While
not without its problems, Superfund has cleaned up
outlining cleanup actions to rid the Bay of water pollution from sewage treatment plants, urban runoff and agricultural

Union Carbide plant at Institute, W.Va., releases methyl isocyanate, bringing home the concept that communities in the U. S.
                                                                                                           J

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                                  MII>-\TI \\lll si Ml S • .10 U \US HI  I \\II10\MI \l \l I'ltOUtl ss
      han (>~7-> ol the nation s
mosi serious uncontrolled or
abandoned ha/ardoiis waste
site-, with {).) more completions
expected b\  the close of 2000.

In the past .seven  \ears alone.
FPA has built  a belter
Superfund through
comprehensive administrative
reforms. During  this lime.
Superfund has completed
const ruction ill llnve limes as
main sites as in the previous 1.'?
years combined.  I he program s
emphasis on involving
communities, state partners and
local governments has been an
integral facet in this  surge in
construction completions.

There is a financial chapter to
the Superfund  success story.
The program uses innovative
agreements with  responsible
                                          Superfund Progi-ess in Region III
                                                     Since 1983
                                                      * 'ni~iriiriioi) (lompletions I
                                                           Smdic- I nderway I
                                                            (lleanups Started
                  , /In' "Da  on tin- Ilirrr
       rrrn 'iilintn il i n'i v\\ lt> tin' nri'r. it IIY
       i'/ii/i /mi in llic I'liiiiiiinnil \ nil
            l inn l  In nittki' /ii'/r fricndx irluli
        'ri/!!.'] sites, and using
innovative  technologies.
changed -f() cleanup decisions to
accelerate construction time and
save more man S100 million.

\\ here the  responsible paily has
heeii defunct or financially
insolvent, the region bridged the
funding gap with S20.0 million
at 12 "orphan" site-,.

At 2.'! sites, the agency reached
settlements \\ ith hundreds of
minor defendants saving mem
and the agency millions in legal
costs and unnecessary litigation.
            ami
          tin* I
 KI'Ys mid-Atlantic success
•stories speak volumes about
 lite region s emphasis on
 comprehensive and timely
 cleanups.  For example, the
 mid-Atlantic region deleted one
 of the first sites ever from the
 National  Priorities I jst of most
 ha/ardou- and abandoned
 \\asie sites. Based in
 Lackawanna (ionnty.
 Pennsylvania,  the I >ehigh
 Flectric & Engineering sites
 dangerously high
 concentrations ol PCBs  once
 threatened nearby residents.
 Thanks to Superfund. local
 residents now  rest assured  thai
 the site is not only clean, but
 that their families are sale.

 Dedication to cleaning the
 environment and restoring
 economic vitality back to
 affected communities is a
 driving force behind KPA's
 success.  In I*)')"7, the mid-
 Atlantic region completed the
 nation s 500th Superfund
 cleanup at  the former
 Publicker Industries on  the
 Philadelphia waterfront.

 I lailed as a redevelopment
 milestone. Publicker \\as once
 .severely contaminated with
 laboratory wastes, flammable
 gas cylinders.  VCMisand P(.Hs.
 loday it  is being redeveloped
 as a shipping  terminal that will
 create 1..")()() new jobs.
 Nationally, more than 1-">0
 Snperfmid sites  have been put
 back to productive use. support
 1 1.000 jobs, generate revenues
 for suites and  local
                                            i(is(s report a jjian( "hole" in the o/one layer is opening up each spring over the
Chernobyl mi                        former Soviet Union, resulting in the worst accidental release of radioactive materials in

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                                         ( I I \\ I VM) • I liOVI SI I'l KM Mill) SI IM K I'MtkS
                     - nj t ninli'nri i\. ()ni'i' S{fl)t'ffllHfl .w/r,s'
                     ijii'() acres where
        lly ash was disposed at
        ( Ihisman ( ireek in \nrk
        ( ioimly. Virginia.  Once a
        N id ii  lo die local coninuiniu.
        groundwater a1 die siie \\as
        liidily contaminated.
        llii'ealeninii nearby esliiarie>.
        \.\\\ look aclion. parlnerinii
        \\illi slale and local
        ii()\cniniciils. coniniiinily
        members, and responsible
        parlies to develop sound
        cleanup solutions resulting in a
        sporls park llial is widely
        enjoyed loday

        (lliosen as one ol ihc 10
        Snperliind recy<₯linji' pilot
        projii'iiMiN in die country  die
        loriner .\\lex Filters planl in
        Kronl  Ho\al. Virginia will
        provide die community with a
        recreation  and wildlife
        conservancy, soccer fields and a
business park-office.  In
addition lo nearly S20 million
spent on cleanup l>y a
responsible party,  thai party
has reimbursed KPA S(). 1
million  and agreed to perform
the remaining cleanup
           Location of Supe
     estimated ai Sd.'l million and
     pav  KPA a portion ol its
     oversight cost.

     Other regional reuse projects
     include die Ohio River Park
     near Pittsburgh, redeveloped
     into a multi-million dollar
     sports complex: Mill (ireek
     I .andlill in Krie. Pennsylvania
     will  be a goU course: die Kane
     \: I .milliard Drums site in
     Baltimore has reopened as a
     golf driving  range: and the
     Army (ireck I .andfill in \cvv
     Castle. Delaware was restored
     lo a nature and wildlife
     preserve.  Once desolate
     eyesores. Snperliind has helped
     transform  these sites into vital.
     attractive and productive assets
     ol communities across  die
     nation.
•fund Silos in IJcgion III
Antarctic.      Congress increases Superfund to $8.5 billion, creates inechanis

history.  Thousands die, 450.000 are evacuated within a 30-s<|iiare-kiloi

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                                  MID-ATLANTIC STATUS • :i() YKAKS <>!•' I N\ IHONMKNTAI I'KOCKKSS
quality standards. 24 nations commit to phase out production of CFCs. Yucca Mountain. Nevada is selected as (he disposal site



Surgeon (General urge every homeowner to test for radon gas, a cause of lung cancer.     Exxon Valdez spills nearly 11 million

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      A Decent Hohg
              /f~\\   '^"^
                                                                       nvironment
       VJor
   angress mandated "a decent home and
suitable living environment for every American
family" in 1949, and reaffirmed it in 1968.
President John F. Kennedy warned in 1963 that
if we neglect our cities, we will neglect the nation.

Yet since families began moving from the city
into post-World War II houses in Levittowns, in
New York and Pennsylvania, our nation's cities
have been under attack. Seeking the dream of
home ownership, families moved to the suburbs.
New roads and freeways provided easy
automobile access to abundant and affordable
land, encouraging new development and urban
sprawl while threatening farm land and open
space.

As masses left the inner city, the character of
neighborhoods changed. Productive industrial
factories and buildings became Superfund or
brownfields sites. Vacant lots became garbage
dumps. The tax base disappeared. Schools were
neglected. America's great cities were in peril.

Cities faced a myriad of environmental problems.
Polluted air.  Lead paint hazards. Asbestos.
Radon. Vehicle gridlock. Hazardous waste sites.
Aging and outdated infrastructures. All of this
threatened the health of children. As urban
sprawl expanded, many of these same problems
inevitably moved to the suburbs.

"We will help you build what we hear you are
asking for and what is no less than you and your
families deserve: livable communities, comfortable
suburbs, vibrant cities, and,, for your
grandchildren's well-being and for their
grandchildren's too, green spaces."
— Vice President Al Gore, January 11, 1999

Working with its state partners and cities, EPA
has made tremendous progress in cleaning the
air, land and water in communities throughout
our country. Since 1978, average blood-lead
levels in children have declined by nearly 75
percent. Now, sellers and landlords must disclose
known lead paint and its hazards to both renters
and buyers. To increase citizens' understanding,
any contractor involved in remodeling or
renovation  is now required to give home owners a
copy of a new booklet, Protect Your Family From
Lead in Your Home.
               ji

Be|ween 1985 and 1994, 90 of the nation's
largest cities — with the exception of Los Angeles
— saw a 72 percent reduction in the number of
days when  the air was considered unhealthy. In
the mid-Atlantic region, we went from 60 ozone
for the nation's radioactive waste. 03EB Congress bans ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste. EPA and the

gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound. EPA announces TRI database which tells the public which toxic
    I                                                                                                  I

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                            Mllt-VII VM II  SI VII S • .ill M VI!S Ol I NV IKUNVII M \l I'ltOUil SS
acllon days in l()!>o to fewer
than ion in l()<>i!.
Milking ( 'i
Safer ami llwillhicr
1 lousing and facility siting
pattens to dlicn  have exposed
low-income  and minorii
disproportionate e\pti-ure ID
em ironmental liaxanU.
diminishing die quality ol life.

 I lie agency  is aggressively
addressing die issues ol
environmental justice. An
innovative selllemenl ol a
lawsuit in ( Chester.
I'eim^v Kania. lor example  lias
reduced lead paint  hazards in
a  laround located in a
minoriiv  neighborhood.
 I hrough our ( ireen
( iommunities Program. \ve
              Houses witli Load
             Cities in Region 111
      400

      .'•500

      ^00

      100
              •_
              c
              -
                     s
                     ae
        l/if/'i iin1 nfijiri i.iiiin ih'ly ... > million
        linnet's in llif n'^inti t/nit Inn''' h'nd linsril
        jiniiil.  < lnlilri'ii x/.ryi'urx nlil mill
        voiiiiui'i an1 //in.-:/ nilni'nilili' In Irtitl
        /HIIXIIIIIIIX inn/ tlirri' HIT innrr limn _'
        million lirinff in lln' ii'^imi. lf>/n'i<-i ni •>!
        ir/mxr finiiilii'K lire hrlnir tin1 j>iirei~lY lert'l.
 \lmrf /\ mi iirii^t \ rendering "/ '/// r////v///r(p In ///<• I'rf/t/i'/triii IIorka //•//// ///c /;/r/\/
/iiriiiin-s in l/ir biickfcntnnd. I lie /nrini'r broii'ii/ii'ldx pni/t'cl rrl/iuix I/if I'.iislin^
historic indnx/riiil churiu'li'r <>l Hcthlelicin >/ci7 ' 'or/mrnlinii \ /nniicr jilnnl l>y
rt'lt'iilntn nnil m/n/tfin1 mm1 nf r.r/-s7///i;' hiit/ditiiZfi tunl lite addition
nf nt'ir biitldttigti detiiptned in n cont/tdtihle indnslnnl .s'/r/c.
help local communities protect
their environmental resources.
as they develop commnnily-
based  partnerships lor
sustainable development.  An
assistance kit is available al
vvvvvv.epa.gov/region .'Vgreenkit
which provides a step-by-slep.
framework for communities lo
take common-sense steps that
will improve the environment
and protect the health of their
families.

llwycling Land and
Itnildings
KPA has eliminated
environmental hazards in
abandoned land and
dilapidated buildings led
behind by the old economy or
urban sprawl and eliminated
the environmental  hazards lo
make  the properly developable
and  livable — generating new
jobs, an increased lax base and
a better partnership between
public and private sectors.
(i rants lo cities make the
development possible.  Thanks
to a  SI.() million grant.
Baltimore has inventoried
 1.000 acres of potential
brownfields ranging in si/e
Irom less than an acre lo ()()
acres.

A shining example of turning a
former industrial site lo a new
use is  die old Bethlehem Steel
plant  in Bethlehem.
Pennsylvania, a $450 million
multi-use development called
Bethlehem \\orks.  it  has die
potential lo become the largest
brownfields redevelopment
projecl in die country.   I he
                                             facilities NCHV York Stnti" declares
                                                         Love Canal area habitable and

uid encourage environmental education lor people of all a^cs. (.If

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       I l\ Mil I ( (l\l\ll Mill S • \ III .('I.NT IIOMI  \\DSI II Mil I  I IM\(. I.NMHONMI.N I  - \ ( lt\(.|{l SSIONVI M \\DVI I
mixed-use developmenl is the
result of KPA working with
slate agencies and Bethlehem
Steel.  It retain-' the existing
historic industrial character of
the former steel plant. \\ hen
completed it will house the
National Museum ol Industrial
I listory. an  affiliate o! the
Smithsonian Institution,  a
hotel conference center.
restaurants, stores, a movie
theater complex, and
an incubator for high-tech
startup companies. An
adjacent 1.(>()() acres of land is
being developed as a
commerce center with
distribution, transportation.
manufacturing and
commercial facilities.

A stale wildlife preserve  and a
I a rue recreational area willi
sports  fields and hiking trails
will soon lie on land that \vas
once part ol an industrial
facility in (ilasgow. Delaware.
The site is being cleaned up by
the previous owner.  \\ ith
KPAs assistance, it has lieen
acquired l>\  the State ol
Delaware and \\.L. (iore.
which  will use b~>0 acres fora
manufacturing complex.
 Three  hundred acres ol
wetlands and woods will lie
preserved as public parks.
preserving open space and
natural habitat.

reaching t'ltiltlrvn .\houl
Hit* I'sHi'iroiinn'iil
Through its environmental
education office, each siiinmer.
the agency  has been teaching
students Irom inner-city
                                             middle schools about the
                                             environment and training
                                             them (o return to their
                                             neighborhoods and schools as
                                             mentors for others.  In (> years.
                                             the program has graduated
                                             150 students who in turn have
                                             been instructors lor more than
                                             MO.000 people. Many stales
                                             now include education about
                                             the environment as a part  of
                                             core curriccula. Since 1()()|.
                                             KPA has funded many
                                             environmental education
                                             projects oi  states, cities, schools
                                             and non-profit organizations.

                                             IMIt'r .\nn»rica Ifomls
                                             Recent national locus on
                                             livability contains several
                                             ambitious initiatives including
                                             S10 billion "Belter America
                                             Bonds   dial cities can use  to
                                             preserve green space,  create or
                                             restore parks,  proteci water
                                             quality and clean  up
                                             brownfields sites.  T.P\
                                             Administrator (larol M.
                                             Browner met with the National
                                              \dniinixt ntlor ( urol I/. Hmirner
                                             lulkx inlli I ii'lniriiri'iili I .mil Itni'i/i'l.
                                             n/iii/il rri'iilni'j: xiixl/innililr
                                             (•(iiiiiiiiinilit'x.
 I In nin/i>ri/\i /<: (« /irii/i'i'f t/tcitific/rt'n
 ft'itni <'.\'jmxiin1.


 \ssocialioii of I lome Builders
lo launch,  in cooperation with
the I .S.  Department ol
I lousing «S; I rhan
Development, an iniliatixc to
reuox ale or build t million
new inner-city housing units in
the nexl  1 0  ears.
       a (Join!
      lo a Habitat
Families all across the region
are developing good
environmental habits.  Parents
car-pool children  to school.  A
slop al  the recyling center is
oflen on the Salurdax to-do
list.  More and more  native
plants are thriving in
community and backyard
gardens.  KHurts lo reuse.
reduce, and  recycle can be
seen al  home. work, and
school.    These praclices. along
with monitoring and planning.
help build sustainable, more
enjoyable c<
sales of homes hegiii.       Some 200 million people participate in 20th am                 i Da;

     Environmental  justice national  summit of grassroots groups held in  Washing!
                                                                                                              ad

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                                 MID-ATLANTIC STATKS • :t() VI AKS 01 L'NVIKONMLATAI. I'KOUtl'.SS
countries attend the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.      EPA reports secondhand smoke poses a serious
recycling triples from 7% in  1970 to nearly 22%  in 1993.      The American bald eagle is upgraded from an endangered to
   I

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       Whe
    ien explorer John Smith arrived at the
Chesapeake Bay in 1607, forests covered 95
percent of the land, sweeping in an ocean of green
beyond the western mountains. Settlement
reduced this great primordial forest — the home
of all that lived in its life-sustaining embrace —
by 60 percent by the late 1800s.

Today, forests once again are the dominant land
cover of the Bay region, covering 59  percent of the
Chesapeake watershed. Yet we are losing forests
at the rate of 100 acres per day to sprawl and
development.

As Smith sailed the bay, huge oyster reefs filtered
all the  water in the Chesapeake Bay  in less than a
week, a process that now takes a year for the
reduced oyster population that remains due to
pollution and overfishing. In response to public
demands EPA and Bay states have developed
more than a dozen protected artificial reefs.
Diseases still threaten mature oysters, but
Maryland's 1997 new young osyters  were the
second highest since monitoring began in 1939.
Between 1988 and 1997, industries have reduced
toxic releases into the bay by 67 percent. Some
3,600  species of plants and animals live in the
Chesapeake ecosystem. Striped bass are back in
record numbers. Streams have been unblocked
and fish passages constructed to restore migratory
spawning for shad and herring, an important food
source for many birds and fish. Unfortunately, the
harvest of blue crabs and oysters, once plentiful
and economically significant, is down
dramatically from 20 years ago because of
overharvesting and disease. But restoration efforts
have begun.

Healthy ecosystems are vitally important to man.
Man both threatens and restores the ecosystems of
the mid-Atlantic states, from extensive shorelines,
wetlands and coastal plains to the rolling foothills
of the Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian
Mountains. Forests help filter and clean the air
while wetlands filter and clean water. Both are
disappearing.

Where urban sprawl and changing land use have
destroyed habitat and wetlands, Maryland has.
developed a model "smart growth" policy mat
deters development that would have adverse
environmental effects. And many states are
buying land to preserve farmland and open space
and retard  sprawl. Urban runoff and farm
health risk to nonsmokers. EPA implements strategy governing hazardous waste incinerators and industrial furnaces. Curbside
                                                                              o
threatened  species.  President Clinton orders government agencies to make environmental justice part  of their  mission.
                                                                                                           J

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                                       MID- \TI \MK sivrrs • :tii M
                                                                   s or i \\IUO\MI MAI
        /»  \nucuxtid bnnrtijii'ldx finifimin. in  /ini/i-rl. I In1
        "Dm mi tin' llti'i'i' I'niu'niiii  1.1 mi/1
        fii'n^niiii (/('.itu'tli'd !» LVi't' I'liininiinil \
        \'()s.

Today the Chesapeake Bay is
one ol die most closely
monitored bodies ol water in
the world.
                               Chesapeake Bay Watershed
       /l/c Ilin n'ci'tn'.i ulin/il luilj <>l i/x fn'alnriitt'r flair /nun llir Sii/M/neluiiiim Iliri-r.
       /nl/ii/m/ li\~ nnir /nun lln1 I'litiiltKIC mill .liniii's rin'/'n. I In1 rr.il tlniinn /nun lilt'
       thousands -t.1)1)1) .it/nun' nnli'
       iriilt't'xlit'fl.  I In' I'iri'i'x mill niiiiii liny nrr (ijftvtt'd In I/if niiliirnl luliil /J/nr /nun llic
       \tliiniir (h'i'iiit.  I lit' Itin jirn'^niiii tn rrsinri' mill jinih'rl lln- ( ht'Stlpt'tlkf l!n titnl n'cn'ittiontil
   opportunities, >V//rr  /"SO. 50percent
   /I/ /III' ri'irilltl .1 l/'li/lllll/.l Illll'i'
   fll-lfl/IIX'tlll'l/.
Superl'uiid olraimps accelerated, resulting in  as many cleanups in  12 months as were completed  in  program's first decade.

them to productive  use. List of toxic chemicals reported to public  under community right-to-know law doubles.        Ii

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                                Ill U llh  I ( OSNSII MS •
                                                                      IION 01 II Mil I \l  \M(I'IOI'I
             Loss of 1 lorseshoe Crabs
      1.5r
        l.rrn inlli ii xrrinux ili-i-liiii' in
        iiiiinhiji\i. tin1  tMuu'tire <'x/n< >l mil it it >n irf Imntfx/HH' rnihx.  1 tits
        iniii/iii'  iiniruii' nr^iiiii.iin is un
        iiiijxt/'hitil fimil xttiircr til tnin'ri-nlin'j
        Ixiclt'riiil i-niiliiiiiiiiiiliiiii nl iiirilii'inc.
        ////A' c/lfll't n'xi'rri' billdlicc in ///<'
        ii'nv in1 inlt'ini I inlli nui
        i •urn tuinii'iil.
        controllable niitcienis entering
        the hay hy l200() will he met '
        for phosphorus. The nitrogen
        goal, however, can he met only
        if current  reduction efforts are
        accelerated.  Scientists estimate
        dial '2 I  percent  of al
         nitrogen
ha\ COMICS Ironi
         Tin1 Ih'laii-tirc ttiwr
         and llnlnnrit's
         Anoilicr significanl  mid-
         Allanlic cslnar\ is the
                      Delaware River and its related
                      inland hays.  In the I'HOs and
                      1('.~>()s.  the  Delaware was acidic
                      and Mack,  bacterial levels were
                      very high and the stench.
                      which overcame many riverside
                      workers, could he smelled hy
                      people in planes •>.()()() leet
                      high.  In what was once the
                      hesi fishery on the east coast.
                      the lish had virtually
                      disappeared.  I lulls of ships
                      blackened.   I hese conditions
                      persisted until the  1()7()s.

                      \\ilh help from KP\ funding.
                      three major wastewaler
                      treatment plants were
constructed.  In  response to
new regulations, industries
upgraded or installed new
equipment  to reduce pollutants
being discharged Icom their
facilities, loday. along what
was once the worst stretch  ol
the Delaware, lie marinas.
condominiums, parks.
amphitheaters, restaurants and
a state aquarium.   The striped
hass and shad have returned.
More still needs  to he done.
especially in controlling
siormwaler runoff from streets.
homes and businesses ol
pollutants such as pesticides.
Uasoline. anlilree/e and  salt.
                                                                   Delaware Kstuarv Wulcrslu'd
                                                Delaware River Drainage liasin
                 rani launched, with Brunts to coniinnni
III archivt's niorp than 3.t)()() sites of concern, removing liability barriers and encouraging the redevelopment and reu

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                                  MID-VI I.\M 1C 1(1 UON • :(0 \T.\HS ()!• KNVIHOMMKNTAI. I'I{O(,KI SS
properties.  I'PA ensures (hut cleanup actions reflect cost-effective technological advances.  Updating remedies at Superfund
toxic emissions by "0%. Project XL Initiative launched: companies, facilities, states and localities develop innovative ways to

-------
                                                                                   ions
          .hreats to clean air, clean land, and clean water
        recognize no national borders or continental
        divides.  They are global problems, ultimately
        requiring solutions that span oceans and
        continents. Planet Earth is, after all, a large
        ecosystem.

        This is especially evident with global warming and
        climate change.  Look at what has happened in
        the past 100 years.  The average temperature
        worldwide has increased one degree Fahrenheit;
        the polar ice caps are melting and Glacier National
        Park, Montana has lost 70 percent of some of its
        glaciers.  Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at
        all-time record levels, the highest in the last
        160,000 years. Sea level has risen, and is
        projected to rise  from six to 37 inches,
        permanently flooding many coastal areas in the
        next century.

        The 11 hottest years on record have occurred in
        the past  13 years.  Last year was the hottest since
        recordkeeping began 100 years ago. Throughout
        the world, extreme and erratic weather has caused
        violent hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, drought, fire,
        ice, and electrical storms. Catastrophic wildfires in
        Florida, Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia only made  *
matters worse by releasing carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere from burning forests.  -

To slow climate change, all nations must reduce
emissions of greenhouse gases.  These gases cause
acid rain and smog, and trap the sun's heat close
to the earth's surface.  As global temperatures rise,
the planet drifts closer to a greenhouse effect.

Recognizing that the United States is the world's
largest energy consumer and emits 22 percent of
all carbon dioxide, Vice President Gore negotiated
the global warming treaty in Kyoto, Japan. All
developed nations agreed to reduce greenhouse
gases during the next decade.  The treaty still
needs to be approved by the U.S. Senate.

Helping Other Countries
Americans know that industrialized nations can
help emerging Third World nations prevent many
pollution problems that industrialized nations
already have solved.

EPA actively assists  countries all over the world.
Since  1990, EPA has conducted more than 70
environmental projects abroad.  This includes
sharing expertise and training  in assessing
sites save potentially responsible parties and the program more than $1 billion. EPA requires municipal incinerators to reduce

'achieve results in common-sense and cost-effective ways. lflWj)TIie Safe Drinking Water Act is revised to require public water
    I

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                                   MID-VII. \M It s| \|| s . :lii \| \ Its (II I \\ I IK IN Ml M \l I'ltOUil ss
        l.v hnsii i< v w A tint I nuitirt'iiHilitit'fi I In tnt^fttml tin1 iri irli I CIHI >lt i\' in nnri if in' jirn^i'i nil
       In in/iici' tlit'i'r I'lH'itp' //.«•. llii'V xiil'i' iitfiiii'V fiml /Hl'l'cill I ml In I inn.
env iionmenlal impacts.
managing air ijualily and
controlling ha/ardous waste and
    licipal trash.
        Ihe result —cleaner air. cleane
       water, cleaner land, sustainable
       waste management plans and
       technology1 llial saves enemy
       and keeps on pav ing dividends
       years inio ilie luinre.
       Lor example, the mid- \ilaniic
       region has just completed a
       comprehensive 10-year program
       in Poland that includes helping
       that  nation develop
       environmental policy and
       enforcement.

        I he region is also helping
       environmental partners in  South
        \lrica. ('lima and (ihinese
        Taipei.  This year a new
       program was launched in (ihana
       and  irainini:' has  been provided
                                            in Jordan and Israel. The
                                            expenses of ihese initiatives are
                                            borne hy the recipient countries
                                            or international oranizations.
                                                 I'olliilion
                                     EPA has introduced and
                                     adapled successful I .S.
                                     programs to other countries.
                                     Our \\aste\\ iSe program
                                     encourages business and
                                     industry to reduce solid waste
                                     through prevention, reuse and
                                     recycling, and buying or
                                     manufacturing products with
                                     recycled content.  In the Knergy
                                     Star Building™ program.
                                     organizations upgrade their
                                     buildings with energy-efficient
                                     lighting.  In our region alone.
                                     5()() participants are saving S.'!2
                                     million in energy costs,  and
                                     achieving pollution reductions
                                     that would equate to removing
                                     "7"). 000 automobiles from
                                     highways annually and planting
100,000 acres of trees.
Other programs include: Project
XL which allows companies to
lest alternative approaches that
achieve cleaner and cheaper
environmental results than
would  be realized under existing
requirement AgSTAK which
promotes cost-effective methods
for reducing methane emissions
at  dairy and swine operations
through  improved manure
management: and Pesticide
Environmental Stewardship
which  promotes integrated pest
management and reduces
pesticide risk in agriculture and
nonagricullural  settings.

//if 1'iilin* of safe
drinking irtilt'r
Kach year.  ••>.'•*> million people
die world-wide from diseases
caused by unsale water.
according to a studv released in
March by the I niled  Nations.  A
child dies every  li seconds from
water-related disease, and tiO
percent ol diseases in the
developing world are linked to
contaminated water, according
to I .N. Environment Program
statistics.
suppliers (ell  customers what's in (heir water, where it eomos from and how i( mods waler quality sUuulards. Sellers and
Shope Landfill. I'a.. is (he 400th Superl'und construHion completion in (he nation. The Food Quality Protection Act require*

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                                      HIM I in I'l VM-'I -1111 III sl>o\sllill mill Ml \\llu\s
      Infant Mortality Rate

    Japan
      Sweden
        *iest (.ermany
       France
        I niled Kingdom
         United Stales
               Bulgaria
                Poland
0    .",   10   1.1   20   25
     Dcalhs per thousand
       tiiirt'r in inilnxlritil ruiiii/rii'x irlicrt
       llnllllllilll 11(1.1 Ili'i'll ft/I'd iri'l\
                 Air Pollution
      •r :{()()
      r" 100
l.cii.l   DM>I    S02
   ^•Poland ^m
                                  .\().\
                 Life Expectancy
           USA vs. Poland & Bulgaria
       7-+
      /
      ! 73
     ^
     — 72

       71

       70
           1966
                             1086
                                             Working with slate and local
                                             governments, the agency prolecis
                                             chi/ens. businesses,  and the
                                             health of the environment in
                                             emergency situations. Since its
                                             inception, the region lias  cleaned
                                             107 million cubic yards of solid
                                             hazardous waste and 5 billion
                                             gallons of liquid, and removed
                                             more than 13,000 drums and
                                             tanks from various sites.

                                        (liii/eus can be informed about
                                        chemicals in their community
                                        through the Toxics  Release
                                        Inventory.  Ipdated annually,
                                        the TR1  reports toxic chemical
                                        pollution released into the
                                        environment by businesses
                                        throughout the country.   It is
                                        available on the internet at
                                        www.epa.gov/enviro or at
                                        www.epa.gov/oppliiilr/lri.  \\ ith
                                        TRI data the public, stale and
                                        local government, and EPA can
                                        analy/e industries  progress
                                        toward reducing pollution and
                                        make informed decisions.  An
                                        integral parl of community life.
                                        citizens discover  the types and
                                        amounts of loxic chemicals
                                        released in or  near  their
                                        neighborhoods.
                                        hi addition to the Superfund
                                        program, recycling of laud and
                                        buildings also is achieved
                                        through the brownfields   ^
                                        program. Through its innovative
                                        assessment pilots. EPA awards
                                        $200,000 grants to qualified
                                                                    communities to a>se^s. clean and
                                                                    reuse abandoned and mildly
                                                                    contaminated properties.

                                                                    The  (lape (Charles Sustainable
                                                                    Technology  Park in \irginia
                                                                    leveraged S-f..~> million in federal
                                                                    funds,  including a grant from
                                                                    the mid-Atlantic  region, to
                                                                                      I
                                                                    develop the  nation's first eco-
                                                                    induslrial park thai emphasi/es
                                                                    /(M'o  emix-iions. i-esource
                                                                    ('fficiencN and pollution
                                                                    prevention.

                                                                    The  mid-Atlantic region created
                                                                    I he popular Rrownl'ields Vllo\\
                                                                    Pages,  used  In municipalities as
                                                                    a \aluable redevelopment tool.
                                                                    The  Yellow  Pages highlight
                                                                    I'.PYs partnership \\'ith oilier
                                                                    federal agencies lo help
                                                                    coimnunilies in their
                                                                    ivdevelo|)ineni effori>.
                                                                   /./' 1 Regional Mintnulmtor limillc
                                                                   Ciiin/ihi'll  l'/iilliin
                                                                   /fxiilfiilx intikc their neighborhood*
landlords must disclose lead-based paint to buyers or renters.  Heal estate aifents share responsibility for compliance:  Lord

reasonable certainty of no harm from  pesticides used on  foods.
                                                                KPA Administrator Carol  Browner en-ales Office of

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                                   MID-ATLANTIC SI VI'I.S • .'id YLAItS Ol LNVIUONMLNTAI. I'HOCKLSS
Children's Health Protection. American Heritage Hivers Initiative is launched to help communities restore and revitalize water



together to fulfill the goal of fishahle and swiniinahle waters for all Americans. Underground storage tanks must meet stric

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                  \ULL
       I
 n the past 30 years, a basic American equation has
changed. Prosperity does not equal high levels of
pollution.  We have the strongest economy in history
while setting even tougher standards to protect
human health and the environment. We have
learned that pollution prevention pays. Investments
in new technology to improve the quality of our air,
water and land have returned substantial cost
benefits in both health and productivity.   This trend
continues under pressure from a growing
population's increasing demand for energy.
        EPA has progressed from reducing immediate
        human health threats to improving human and
        ecological health. The agency's direction is long-term
        habitability and global sustainability. Many of the
        obvious, visible sources of pollution are largely under
        control, but pollution from past years still must be
        cleaned up, and many subtler pollution problems are
        equally pernicious.  We also are moving to control
        pollution from smaller businesses and runoff, which
        cumulatively causes environmental and health
        problems.

        In the mid-Atlantic states and across the country, the
        foreseeable future challenges include urban sprawl,
the essential need for safe food, protecting low-
income communities living near heavy industrial
areas, the invisible menace of pesticides and toxics,
and erratic climate change.

Acidification is a regional challenge which impacts
4,500 miles of streams. Acidification comes from two
sources, abandoned coal mines and sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides in the air, primarily power
plants. It destroys aquatic life and degrades water
quality.  EPA has a goal to reduce 150 miles of
acidified streams a year.  This will take cooperation
and collaboration with our state partners, many
agencies and organizations.

Land use in the mid-Atlantic states has changed
dramatically in the past century. The region has
become a victim of urban sprawl.  There are more
paved surfaces and less forests, especially in the
western rural communities.  These trends result in
polluted natural resources and increased flooding,
human diseases, and loss of recreational
opportunities? As sprawl continues, there will be
further increases in runoff of pollutants, forest
fragmentation, habitat loss in streams, and a use of
vast amounts of energy.
and waterfronts. USSS Clean Water Action Plan announced to have local, state, and federal organizations and agencies work

requirements for spill, overfill, and corrosion protection. 0318) The Revere Chemical Company becomes  the nation's 600th

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                                    VIII) VII \\ll(  s| Ul s • ail M VliSOl I \\IUONMI M VI I'ltoUil ss
       Two recent  reports,  lilt-
       EjCological  (ssessrnent of the
       nnJ l/ic
       mid- [tlantic Estuaries, describe
       these trends.   Ihe reports were
       produced hv tlic mid-Atlantic
       Integrated Assessment program.
       Mil inleragencN consortium. I hey
       demonstrate Kl'\s new role in
       integrating  anil analyzing
       comple\ dala.  Kl'A is also
       providing nuii'c high quality
       scientific analyses ami real-time
       data aboul  ihf condition  of (lie
       cn\ ironmenl.  I hese are
       ini|iorlani tools for scientists and
       decision makers in lake on  lulure
       challenges,  including those
       brought about h\ land use
       changes.

             West Virginia
     lias The Highest Per Capita
          Knergy Consumption
        -M)r
                    Suilo Consumption
                           I I Mill,,II Bit
                IVr (  ,i| iii.i (lonsuinption •
                            Vhlli,,,, Illl , I
         'r /x liilnl t'//i'i^\ //\r firr t'uintii.
                ilioirti tn rlmrf tut tlir n>( a
At home, families can reduce
pollution and save money by
conserving electricity using
public transportation and
restricting the number ol auio
miles driven.  There will be
further reductions with a
properly maintained, hid
efficient car which can slow the
spread of o/one-siuog.

< 'hi/en- can help minimi/e the
negative impacts of landscape
changes by gelling involved with
local organizations thai monitor
land management and manage
growth by improving existing
roaiU and schools instead of
    Pennsylvania Leads in
  Total Energy Consumption
                                                                                   4.0
      'a.   \M.   Md. \\.\a. Del.  D.C
      ((>   #ir>   #2.")  #:H  #4i>  #.")(:
Snperl'und completion.   The  Environmental  Science  Outer opens  at  I'ort  Meade.  Md..  featuring fireen buildii
or hall' ol' all site cleanups are completed. Hudon testiiifj is required to buy a home in most states. Occupants living in pr


-------
                                      II II lil (II VI I I.M.I S« \Vr.TKSTIU.COI \ I OM. \\ U TOCO
building new infrastructure.
Hauling trees, especially near
waterways, reduces non-point
source pollution riinoll.

\tt eniire industry has been
created to meet today s
environmental challenge by
solving problems lell Irom our
industrial and agricultural
heritage. I  lundreds ol thousands
ol people now work in
environmental protection and
technology in the private and
non-profit sector's and in federal.
Male and local governments.
This new environmental industry
includes scienlisls. physicians.
engineers, technicians.
                                             journalists, researchers, and
                                             policy makers: and educators in
                                             schools, nature centers and
                                             businesses. Colleges and
                                             universities oiler courses and
                                             degrees in environmental law.
                                             business, science, engineering.
                                             and communications. Kxperis
                                             assess, communicate, anil
                                             manage environmental risk.
                                             Non-profit organizations focus
                                             on areas of environmental
                                             concern.

                                             In the mix ol growth and
                                             change, government  s role has
                                             expanded as well.  KPA
                                             maintains its traditional and
                                             important role in selling
         I.')()%
               National Environmental Improvements/Economics
                             and Population Growth
            Toxic Hrlrasrs (down .">')%)
            Siirlnrr Water \oi Fishable. Swirninable (down -K2%)
            \ir Kmi.vions of (IriteriaPollutants (down 32%)
            Population (up .'53%)
            CDP (up 1 •*()%)
          00%
          30%
                                   hi       "\,
                                      "II.     *•/,-,./
                                                  ''•V,
                                                                    iiriniiiint'iil Ims unln'ri'il unit /mir il .<
                                                                                      n'sixinxiliililY In /n'nli'i'/ llir I'lirlli.
1070
                                  1988
                                                                           standards and enforcing la\\ ^ ^o
                                                                           that polluters will pay the
                                                                           penally for not meeting their
                                                                           environmental responsibility.
                                                                           I lowever. the agenc\  just as often
                                                                           is a coUaborative partner and
                                                                           regulator, sharing resources.
                                                                           data, anil other en\ ironmenlal
                                                                           expertise.

                                                                           (lontinued use ol sound science is
                                                                           essential to deal with many of
                                                                           the l21sl (leiitury s pollution
                                                                           problems, thai \\ill most likely be
                                                                           more insidious, more
                                                                           complicated, and pose even
                                                                           greater challenges lo our
                                                                           scientific and business leaders.

                                                                           Our uaiiiin can.  and must lace
                                                                           die tomorrow^ challenges to
                                                                           protect human health and  the
                                                                           environment and create
                                                                           communities live from toxic
                                                                           wastes, with lieallhlul air i|iialit\.
                                                                           restored rivers, lakes  and
                                                                           streams, and healthx  children.
technologies, energy-saving lighting, and an environmentally-friendly climate control system. Nationally. <>50 Supcrfiind
1')7H multi-family housing must be notified prior to any renovation.       Signing of the new Chesapeake 2000 agreement

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                           MID-ATLANTIC STATES • 30 YEARS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
REGION III U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA  19103
(215) 814-5000

Regional Administrator
(215) 814-2900
(215) 814-2901 (Fax)
Bradley M. Campbell,
Regional Administrator
campbell.bradley@epa.gov
Thomas C. Voltaggio, Deputy
Regional Administrator
voltaggio.tom@epa.gov

Assistant Regional Administrator
for Policy and Management
(215) 814-5200
(215) 814-5108 (Fax)
James W. Newsom, Acting Assistant
Regional Administrator
newsom.jim@epa.gov
Catherine Mastropieri, Acting
Deputy Assistant Regional
Administrator
inastropieri.catherine@epa.gov

Air Protection Division
(215) 814-2100
(215) 814-2101 (Fax)
.Judith M. Katz, Director
katz.judidi@epa.gov
Elaine B. Wright, Deputy Director
wright.elaine@epa.gov

Chesapeake Bay Program
(410) 267-5700"
(215) 814-2200
(410) 267-5777 (Fax)
(215) 814-2201 (Fax)
William Matuszeski, Director
matuszeski.bill@epa.gov
Diana Esher, Deputy Director
esher. di ana@epa. gov

Communications and
Government Relations
(215) 814-5100
(215) 814-5102 (Fax)
Rene A. Henry, Director
hemy.rene@epa.gov
Robert J. Mitkus, Deputy Director
mitkus.bob@epa.gov
Criminal Investigation Division
(215) 814-2360
(215) 814-2383 (Fax)
Lori A. Hanson,
Special Agent in Charge
hanson.lori@epa.gov

(703)235-1113
(703) 235-1118(Fax)
Susan Helbert, Assistant
Special Agent in Charge
Washington Area Office
helbert.susan@epa.gov

Enforcement, Compliance &
Environmental Justice
(215) 814-2950
(215)814-2905 (Fax)
Samantha Fairchild, Director
fairchild.samantha@epa.gov

Environmental Data
(215) 814-5701
(215) 814-5718 (Fax)
Alvin R. Morris, Director
morris. alvin@ep a. gov

Environmental Services Division
(215) 814-2700
(215) 814-2782 (Fax)
Stanley L. Laskowski, Director
laskowski. stanley@epa. gov
John A. Armstead, Deputy Director
armstead.john@epa.gov

Hazardous Site Cleanup Division
(215) 814^3000
(215) 814-3002 (Fax)
Abraham Ferdas, Director
ferdas.abe@epa.gov
Kathryn A. Hodgkiss,
Deputy Director
hodgkiss'kathy@epa.gov

Regional Counsel
(215) 814-2600
(215) 814-2603 (Fax)
William C. Early, Regional Counsel
early.william@epa.gov
Lydia Isales,  Acting Deputy
Regional Counsel
isales.lydia@epa.gov

Reinvention
(215) 814-2714
(215) 815-2782 (Fax)
Barbara Z. D'Angelo, Director
dangelo.barbara@epa.gov
Waste and Chemicals
Management Division
(215) 814-3110
(215) 814-3114 (Fax)
James J. Burke, Director
burke, j ames@epa .gov

Water Protection Division
(215) 814-2300
(215) 814-2301 (Fax)
Jon M. Capacasa, Acting Director
capacasa.jon@epa.gov
Joseph T. Piotrowski,
Acting Deputy Director
piotrowski.joe@epa.gov
SATELLITE OFFICES
Annapolis. Maryland
Chesapeake Bay Program Office
410 Severn Avenue, Suite 109
Annapolis, MD 21403
(410) 267-5700
(410) 267-5777 (Fax)
Toil-Free: (800) 968-7229

Fort Meade, Maryland
Environmental Science Center
701 Mapes Road
Fort Meade, MD 20755-5350
(410) 305-2600
(410) 305-3099 (Fax)

Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania
400 Waterfront Drive,
Washington's Landing
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
(412) 442-4124
(412) 442-4194 (Fax)

Wheeling, West Virginia
1060 Chapline Street, Suite 303
Wheeling, WV 26003
(304) 234-0231
(304) 234-0257 (Fax)
(304) 234-0234
(304) 234-0258 (Fax)

HOTLINES and WEB ADDRESS

Customer Service Hotline
(800) 438-2474

Business Assistance
Center Hotline
(800) 228-8711

Superfund Hotline
(800) 553-2509

www.epa.ifov/region3

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