NOO8649001
PB93-857886
Citations from the
NTIS Bibliographic Database
Boiler and Steam Generator Corrosion: Fossil Fuel Power Plants
( Mar 76 Present )
US ENVIRO PROTECTION AGENCY
BARBARA MACKINNON
RETION VII INFO RES CTR
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Title Assessment of High-Speed Rail Safety Issues and
Research Needs.
Order No. PB92-129212
Author Bing, A. J.
Corporate CORPORATE AUTHOR- Federal Railroad Administration,
Author Washington, DC. Office of Research and Development.
REPORT NUMBER(S)- DOT/FRA/ORD-90/O4 NTIS PRICE(S)-
PC A12; MF AO3 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- See also
PB84-217926 and PB88-176318. Prepared in cooperation
with Little (Arthur 0.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. ISSUE
OF ORIGINATION- U9207
Abstract The objectives of the study were to provide the
Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research
and Development with the following information: A
general description and operating characteristics
of high-speed rail systems likely to be installed
in the United States; An assessment of safety issues
and concerns associated with the types of high speed
rail systems; A final report summarizing the findings;
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Keyword High-speed Rai 1
Citation Number 50
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Stress Corrosion of Stainless Steel (Jan 88 Present)
INSPEC
ORDER NUMBER PB93-85 1 772/RPS
The bibliography contains citations concerning the stress corrosion behavior of
austenitic and stainless steels. Fatigue and cracking characterization, corrosion
mechanism studies, and test methods used to study crack initiation and fracture are
discussed. The effects of high salt concentration solutions and high temperature
environments on stress corrosion are also considered. Corrosion problems in nuclear
power plants are presented. (Contains 250 citations fully indexed with a title list.)
Steam Generators: Water Chemistry Effects (Jul 89 - Present)
ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOE)
ORDER NUMBER PB93-869782/RPS
The bibliography contains citations concerning steam generator corrosion due to
water chemistry effects. Water chemistry control methods, chemical impurity monitoring,
chemical processing techniques, and water treatment are discussed. Corrosion resistance
materials and steam generator design technology for corrosion prevention are considered.
(Contains 250 citations fully indexed with a title list.)
Boiler Water Treatment (Mar 83 - Present)
Engineering Index
ORDER NUMBER PB93-866895/RPS
The bibliography contains citations concerning the treatment of water used in
boilers and steam generators to prevent corrosion. Chemical conditioning using
phosphates, sulfites, chelants, chloride, and ammonia is discussed. Reverse osmosis
demineralizers are examined. Electrolytic and magnetic treatments are also described.
Boiler design and efficiency is discussed in a separate bibliography. (Contains a
minimum of 225 citations fully indexed with a title list.)
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
PB93-857886
Boiler and Steam Generator Corrosion: Fossil Fuel Power Plants ( Mar 76 Present )
Citations from the NTIS Bibliographic Database
dan 93
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA
Report Period Covered: Mar 76 Present
Supersedes PB90-867003
The bibliography contains citations concerning corrosion effects, mechanisms, detection
and inhibition in fossil fuel fired boilers. Fluidized bed combustors and coal
gasification are included in the applications. The citations examine hot corrosion,
thermal mechanical degradation, and intergranular oxidation corrosion studies performed
on the water side and hot gas side of heat exchanger tubes and support structures.
Coatings and treatment of material to inhibit corrosion are discussed. Corrosion
affecting nuclear powered steam generators is examined in a separate bibliography
(Contains 85 citations fully indexed with a title list.)
Price Code: PC N01 MF N01
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TITLE LIST
TITLE
1. Materials performance in advanced combustion systems.
2. Effects of minor alloying additions on the formation of protective scales under
sul_fidizing conditions at 700C. Final report.
3. COAL-BASED GAS STREAM CLEANUP PROGRAM. FISCAL YEAR 1990 SUMMARY PROGRAM PLAN.
4. DESIGN OF THE FUEL EVALUATION TEST FACILITY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN
COALS. FOREIGN TRIP REPORT MARCH 3-APRIL 5 1990.
5. ERFARENHET AV AUSTENITISKA MATERIAL I FOSSILELDADE AANGPANNOR. (EXPERIENCE OF
AUSTENITIC MATERIALS IN FOSSIL-FUEL BOILERS).
6. ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPR02ESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW(SUB EL) BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A
BINARY-STEAM-PROCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300
MWEL BRC (BINARY RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT).
7. ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF .
KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW SUB EL BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A
BINARY-STEAM-PROCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300
MW SUB EL BRC (BINARY RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT).
8. METAL WASTAGE ANALYSIS OF CARBON STEEL TUBES IN FBC ENVIRONMENT.
9. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1989.
10. NO(SUB X)-REDUCTION TESTS ON COAL-FIRED SLAG-TAP FURNACE WITH MULTIPLE OVER FIRE
AIR BURNERS. FINAL REPORT.
11. ARANDTD'FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING MARCH 31 1988.
12. ' LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SULFUR REMOVAL SORBENTS FOR DIRECT
COAL-FIRED TURBINES: FINAL REPORT.
13. RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS TO EROSIVE PARTICLE IMPACTS.
14. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1987.
15. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1987 THROUGH 1991.
16. SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON THERMAL ENERGY 'YUGOSLAVIA 1986' HELD AT BLED YUGOSLAVIA ON
14 MAY 1986. PROCEEDINGS.
17. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1987.
18. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1986.
19. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30 1986.
20. PRIMARY HEATER MODULE (EXTENSION) PHASE 2. FINAL REPORT JANUARY 1984-MARCH 1985.
VOLUME 2 RI/RD85-184.
21. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1986.
22. CONSOLIDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT (AR AND TD) FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM OCTOBER 1 1979-APRIL 30
1986.
23. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
DECEMBER 31 1985.
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24. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31
1985 .
25. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1985.
26. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30 1985.
27 ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS NEEDS FOR ADVANCED STEAM CYCLE COAL-FIRED PLANTS.
28. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
MARCH 31 1985.
29. FBC: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR BURNING
LOW-RANK COAL.
30. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1985 THROUGH
1989 .
31 AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31 1984.
32. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1984.
33. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT ENDING JUNE 30 1984.
34. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORT SEPTEMBER 1975.
35. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31
1984 .
36. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1984.
37 ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1983.
38. EPRI (ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE) CONDENSER-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECTS.
39. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT IN FULL.
40. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT HIGHLIGHTS.
41. FOSSIL-ENERGY-MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
JUNE 30 1983.
42. AR AND TD FOSSIL-ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1983.
43. DESIGN OF A GAS TURBINE PILOT PLANT WITH A COAL-BURNING PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
COMBUSTOR AND ACCOMPANYING EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS.
44. CORROSION-RELATED FAILURES IN FEEDWATER HEATERS. FINAL REPORT
45. ELECTRIC UTILITY USE OF FIRESIDE ADDITIVES. FINAL REPORT
46. LIMESTONE FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT (25 UNITS: LOCATION CAPACITY
INSTALLATION DATA COAL (CALORIFIC VALUE ASH SULFUR CONTENT) PARTICULATE CONTROL
SYSTEM AND DESIGN EFFICIENCY)
47 LIME FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT
48. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31 1982.
49. MATERIALS FOR COAL CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION.
50. CERAMIC TURBINE COMPONENTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
51 PREVENTION OF CONDENSER FAILURES: THE STATE OF THE ART
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52. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS.
53. ENGINEER DESIGN CONSTRUCT TEST AND EVALUATE A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
PLANT USING HIGH-SULFUR COAL FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER: PHASE I PRtLlMlNAK
ENGINEERING PHASE II FINAL DESIGN. ANNUAL REPORT MARCH 1 1978-FEBRUARY 2B n»/».
54. EVALUATION OF BOILER-TUBE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED POWER CYCLES.
55. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: AIR PREHEATERS. FINAL REPORT
56. LONG-TERM OXIDATION OF SELECTED ALLOYS IN SUPERHEATED STEAM AT 482 AND 538 EXP 0
C.
57 LONG-TERM MATERIALS-TEST PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT AND QUALIFICATION TEST PLAN
OCTOBER 1979-SEPTEMBER 1980.
58. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: FEEDWATER HEATERS. FINAL REPORT
59. ALKALI METAL VAPOR REMOVAL FROM PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR FLUE GAS:
ACTIVATED BAUXITE SDRBENT REGENERATION. QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1980.
6O. FOSSIL-ENERGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 1981
61. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. PROGRESS REPORT FOR JANUARY 1981
62. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. VOLUME 2. FINAL REPORT
63. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. FINAL REPORT
64. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS. FINAL REPORT.
65. ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT NDI TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE LOCATION AND EXTENT
OF FOSSIL-FIRED BOILER TUBE DAMAGE. FINAL REPORT.
66. EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF TVA
POWER PLANTS. PART 1 APPROACH AND SOME EARLY RESULTS.
67 REHEAT STUDY AND THE CORROSION—EROSION TESTS AT TVA ' S COLBERT PILOT PLANT
68. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. HOT GAS CLEAN-UP EFFLUX CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMMERCIAL
PLANT (TASK 4.1.1)
69. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. COMMERCIAL PLANT DESIGN DEFINITION (TASK 1.2).
70. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY--MARCH 1978.
71. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER--DECEMBER 1977
72. MULTICELL FLUIDIZED-BED BOILER DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND TEST PROGRAM. INTERIM
REPORT JULY 1977--JUNE 1978.
73. DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED COAL COMBUSTOR FOR
COGENERATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL COGENERATION PLANTS.
74. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
75. COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1977
76. COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER
30 1977
77 MODIFICATIONS AND COSTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW SULFUR WESTERN COALS.
78. HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM. TASK I.
MONTHLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 26 AUGUST 1--AUGUST 31 1977.
79. DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE.
80. HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM. TASK 1.
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8 APRIL 1--JUNE 30 1977
81 ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF ADVANCED STEAM POWER PLANT ^
ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATION AND HEATING TASK I.
UTILIZING
FINAL REPORT.
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82. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. QUARTERLY
PROGRESS REPORT SECOND QUARTER FISCAL YEAR 1976.
83. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JUNE—DECEMBER 1974.
84. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY--APRIL 1975.
85. SURVEY OF TURBINE BUCKET EROSION DEPOSITS AND CORROSION.
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CITATIONS
1. Materials performance in advanced combustion systems. - 93-18 DE9301O6B4
Natesan, K.
12p Dec 92 CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab., IL. Materials and Components
Technology Div SPONSOR- Department of Energy, Washington, DC. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- Contract W-31109-ENG-38 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ANL/MCT/CP-78794CONF-93O502-5
NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03; MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- ASME international gas
turbine and aeroengine congress and exhibition (38th), Cincinnati, OH (United
States), 24-27 May 1993. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. ISSUE
OF ORIGINATION- U9318; n9336
A number of advanced technologies are being developed to convert coal into clean
fuels for use as feedstock in chemical plants and for power generation. From the
standpoint of component materials, the environments created by coal conversion and
combustion in these technologies and their interactions with materials are of
interest. The trend in the new or advanced systems is to improve thermal efficiency
and reduce the environmental impact of the process effluents. This paper discusses
several systems that are under development and identifies requirements for materials
application in those systems. Available data on the performance of materials in
several of the environments are used to examine the performance envelopes for
materials for several of the systems and to identify needs for additional work in
different areas.
2. Effects of minor alloying additions on the formation of protective scales under
sulfidizing conditions at 700C. Final report. 91-07 DE91002861
Wright, I. G.; Colwell, U. A.; Baer. D. R.; Prater, J. T ; Schoenlein, L. H.
30 Oct 90 184p page(s) DOCUMENT TYPE- Progress rept. CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak
Ridge National Lab., TN.; Battelle Columbus Div., OH.; Pacific Northwest Lab.,
Richland, WA. SPONSOR- Department of Energy, Washington, DC. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- Contract AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL/Sub-86-57444/O2 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A09; MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- Sponsored by Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9107; n1600
Effects of Al, Si, Mn, Y, and Hf on the formation of protective scales have been
investigated in environments simulating substoichiometric combustion of high-S coal,
and an oxidizing flue gas. Minor additions were made to three clean alloys bases:
Fe-25Cr, Fe-25Cr-20Ni, and Fe-25Cr-6Al, by conventional alloying, and by powder
metallurgical routes involving rapid solidification or high-energy milling. Scales
formed at 700(degree)C were compared with those formed on the unalloyed base alloys,
in terms of weight change, scale morphology and composition. Alumina scales on the
Fe-25Cr-6Al-base alloys proved the most effective as a group, with excellent
protection being provided for more than 6000 h in aggressively sulfidizing
conditions. Chromia scales formed on Fe-25Cr-base alloys were markedly more effective
than those on equivalent Fe-25Cr-2ONi-base alloys prepared by conventional casting.
Observations of initial stages of corrosion of the base alloys indicated that a major
difference was that the protective scales formed on the FeCr alloy were of the M(sub
2)0(sub 3)-type, whereas those that led to inferior protection on the FeCrNi alloy
were of the M(sub 3)0(sub 4)-type, and led to the inclusion of higher levels of Fe in
the nominally protective scale. It is postulated that alloy modifications that can
promote the exclusive formation of M(sub 2)0(sub 3)-type scales alloys should also
enhance their sulfidation resistance. 23 refs., 107 figs., 16 tabs. (ERA citation
16:000089)
3. COAL-BASED GAS STREAM CLEANUP PROGRAM. FISCAL YEAR 1990 SUMMARY PROGRAM PLAN. - 9Q20
DE90010270
NO-AUTHOR
Sep 89 20p Page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Department of En™ATW^MBER?sV ' °C ' °ffice
KiNUMBtK-
of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Coal Technology. REPOKiNUMBtKibj-
DDEFE-0176P NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION U9020 n9037
The overall goal of the Coal-Based Gas Stream Cleanup Program of the Office of Coal
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Technology (OCT) is to develop new technologies to control and/or remove gas stream
contaminants such as particulates, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, alkalis,
selected trace metals, and residual hydrocarbons that are detrimental to the
development of coal-fueled power systems, and to develop contaminant control
technologies within a timeframe consistent with intended conversion system technology
development. Specific program goals are: develop advanced cleanup techniques upstream
of the turbine for cost-effective component and environmental protection for PFBC,
direct coal-fueled, and gasification turbine combined cycles; review the stage of
fuel cells R&D with respect to the cleanup R&D technology available to determine if
future critical technology support work is warranted; and review with the diesel
program the critical needs for GSCU support and pursue, if warranted, future R&D
cleanup support for diesel power systems. 1 fig., 1 tab.
4. DESIGN OF THE FUEL EVALUATION TEST FACILITY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN COALS.
FOREIGN TRIP REPORT MARCH 3-APRIL 5 1990. - 9019 DE90010011
Kr i shnan, R . P
20 Apr 90 25p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFTR-3594 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- SPONSORED BY DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,
WASHINGTON, DC. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9019 n9035
The travel was undertaken at the request of the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center
(PETC), US Department of Energy (USDOE), to meet with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(BHEL), Trichy, India to (1) finalize the design of the Fuel Evaluation Test Facility
(FETF) to be constructed at BHEL, Trichy, (2) establish a schedule for testing an
Indian coal in the PETC Fuel evaluation Test Facility, and (3) coordinate the site
visits to Indian thermal power stations and R&D institutions for the US power plant
life expectancy project team. These activities are sponsored under the coal component
of the Alternate Energy Resources Development (AERD) project of the US Agency for
International Development (USAID) The PETC has the management responsibility for the
coal projects, and the Oak Ridge national Laboratory (ORNL) is providing technical
support to the BHEL and the Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), the collaborating
Indian institutions for these projects.
5. ERFARENHET AV AUSTENITISKA MATERIAL I FOSSILELDADE AANGPANNOR. (EXPERIENCE OF
AUSTENITIC MATERIALS IN FOSSIL-FUEL BOILERS) 9019 DE90770846
Tavast, J.
Oct 89 1OOp page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Stiftelsen foer Vaermeteknisk Forskning,
Stockholm (Sweden). REPORT NUMBER(S)- SVF-356 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF AO1
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN SWEDISH. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9019 n9033
The study has mainly been aimed at the problems on the steam/water side in order to
evaluate if the use of austenitic materials will pose special restrictions on the
steam/water chemistry. Experiences of other types of problems have however also been
included. Austenitic materials are presently in use in a large number of fossil fired
units. The experiences of the austenitic materials are in general satisfactory. The
problems which have been observed in austenitic SH/RH-tubes are usually the same as
in ferritic SH/RH-tubes, i.e. creep, high temperature corrosion and scaling. The
austenitic materials are more prone to stress corrosion cracking than the ferritic
materials. The number of failures have however been fairly limited. The failures have
usually been caused by mishappenings during operations like regeneration of ion
exchangers, acid cleaning etc. Stress corrosion cracking of austenitic SH/RH-tubing
is therefore not a justification for tightening of steam/water specifications during
normal operation. Thick-walled austenitic components have caused some problems in
high temperature units, mainly due to hot cracking of welds in Nb-stabi1ized
materials and due to thermal fatigue. A lot of work is devoted to reducing the
problems due to high temperature corrosion and scaling. Factors like grain size, cold
work, Cr-content and Cr-rich coatings are all of importance, as is the lay-out of the
boiler itself It has also been possible to reduce the problems with the thick-walled
components. In spite of this a considerable amount of work still remains before it
will be possible to construct a unit in the 1000 MW range for a steam temperature of
650 deg C. (34 figs., 5 tabs., 76 refs.).
-------
6. ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MWtSUB EL) BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A BINARY-STEAM-PR-
OCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300 MWEL BRC (BINARY
RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT) 9013 DE90748648
NO-AUTHOR
Jun 88 92p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Internationale Atomreaktorbau G.m.b.H.,
Bergisch Gladbach (Germany, F.R.). REPORT NUMBER(S)- INTERATOM-TB-52.06987 . 3 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN GERMAN. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
U9013 n9024
In cooperation with the Deutsche Babcock Werke AG (DBW), Oberhausen, the economic
efficiency of a combined-cycle power plant (potassium/water) was determined. The
specified production costs of electricity were compared with the costs of a modern
hard coal power plant of the same capacity (300 MW(sub el)). The most important
results of the study are the following: The efficiency of the combined-cycle power
plant is >50%. The power plant concept is technically controllable and realizable.
The high efficiency permits a saving of resources and a reduction of the emissions of
>30% compared with the reference power station. The production costs of electricity
are about 7 to 13% (depending on the price for coal) below the costs of a normal
coal-fired power plant for example at 70OO operation hours per year. Due to its high
economic potential, the concept of a BRC power plant (binary rankine cycle) should be
developed further In this report, the studies concerning all components and systems
specific for potassium are explained in a summary which, in the framework of
cooperation, were accepted for the BRC power plant concept by Interatom. (orig.)
ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW SUB EL BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A BINARY-STEAM-PRO-
CESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300 MW SUB EL BRC
(BINARY RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT). 9012 TIB/B90-80288
Huthmann, H.; Stehle, H.; Storz, R.; Teubner. H.
Jun 88 9Op page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Internationale Atomreaktorbau G.m.b.H.,
Bergisch Gladbach (Germany, F.R.). CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- BMFT 0326335-B REPORT
NUMBER(S)- INTERATOM-TB-52.06987.3 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC £09 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)-
IN GERMAN, ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9012 V9003
In cooperation with the Deutsche Babcock Werke AG (DBW), Oberhausen, the economic
efficiency of a combined-cycle power plant (potassium/water) was determined. The
specified production costs of electricity were compared with the costs of a modern
hard coal power plant of the same capacity (300 MW sub el ). The most important
results of the study are the following: The efficiency of the combined-cycle power
plant is >50%. The power plant concept is technically controllable and realizable.
The high efficiency permits a saving of resources and a reduction of the emissions of
>30% compared with the reference power station. The production costs of electricity
are about 7 to 13% (depending on the price for coal) below the costs of a normal
coal-fired power plant for example at 7000 operation hours per year Due to its high
economic potential, the concept of a BRC power plant (binary rankine cycle) should be
developed further In this report, the studies concerning all components and systems
specific for potassium are explained in a summary which, in the framework of
cooperation, were accepted for the BRC power plant concept by Interatom. (orig.).
(Copyright (c) 1990 by FIZ. Citation no. 90:080288.)
8. METAL WASTAGE ANALYSIS OF CARBON STEEL TUBES IN FBC ENVIRONMENT. - 9010 DE90002256
Sethi, V K.; Puentes, E.; Natesan, K.
Nov 88 16p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab., IL. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- W-31109-ENG-38 REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-890437-13 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO3/MF
A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- CORROSION '89, NEW ORLEANS, LA, USA, 17-21 APR 1989.
ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u9010 nOOOO
The TVA 20-MW AFBC Pilot Plant located near Paducah, Kentucky began operations in
March 1982, and it operated with the same in-bed evaporator tubes (tube bundle B1)
for (approximately)13,625 h through the end of 1985. During January-February 1986,
the evaporator tubes were removed to test a new tube bundle configuration (tube
bundle C1) After only a short period of operation, tube diameter measurements showed
that tube wastage rates for bundle C1 were almost an order of magnitude larger than
those recorded for B1. Although several other changes could have been responsible for
this increase, the consensus at the TVA was that the increase P^bly occurred
because the pilot plant switched coals from a low chlorine (0^02/0 to a high chlorine
((aPProximately)0.30%) KY 9 coal. In order to determine the ^ndity of the role of
chlorine in increasing the tube wastage, several tube se^°n* ^ =ut out from the
plant and analyzed at the Kentucky Energy Cabinet Laboratory (KECL) and at Argonne
-------
National Laboratory (ANL). The results of the chemical and metal 1ographic examination
showed that wastage could be attributed to erosive wear of chlorine-impregnated iron
oxide scales. Corrosion component (oxidation) could have been altered by the presence
of elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and potassium in the combustion gases. The
results also showed that, in order to understand the complex deposition/corrosion
phenomena that occur in FBC systems, it is imperative to characterize the local
environment in the vicinity of the tube bundles. 5 refs., 16 figs.
9. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1989. 9003 DE89015665
Judkins, R. R.; Braski, D N.
-------
progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information developed on the
program. (ERA citation 13:048022)
12. LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SULFUR REMOVAL SORBENTS FOR DIRECT
COAL-FIRED TURBINES: FINAL REPORT. 8902 DE88001041
Newby, R. A.; DeZubay, E. A.; Chamber 1 in, R. M.
Jun 87 453p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Research and Development
Center Pittsburgh PA CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-85MC22087 REPORT NUMBER(S)-
DOEMC22087-2543 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A20/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8902 n1300
Direct coal-fired turbine concepts currently being developed require substantial
levels of sulfur removal from high-temperature gas streams. Calcium-based sorbents,
limestones, dolomites, limes and lime hydrates, are capable of sulfur removal in
direct coal-fired turbine combustor environments at temperature up to 1200/degree/C.
Two types of desulfurizer processes are considered in this report using calcium-
based sorbents: fluidized bed desulfurizer using coarse sorbent particles (300-1OOO
mu m), and entrained desulfurizer using fine sorbent particles (1-40 mu m).
Small-scale laboratory tests were performed on a variety of calcium-based sorbents
to determine the kinetics of sulfation and sulfidation over ranges of conditions
applicable to both types of desulfurizer processes. Correlations are developed in
the report for the effect of pressure; temperature, and particle size. Engineering
models are also developed for both desulfurizer types that incorporate the
laboratory reaction kinetics and predict potential commercial performance and
performance trends. It is concluded that both desulfurizer concepts can be effective
in direct coal-fired turbines, with calcium-to-sulfur molar feed ratios ranging from
1.5 to 3.0, if the correct calcium-based sorbent is selected, and if applicable
design and operating conditions are identified. Both desulfurizer concepts have
limitations and key development requirements, and site and fuel specific engineering
assessment is required to select the best concept for a given combustor system. The
influence of the desulfurizer concepts on turbine protection, through their
influence on particle loading and alkali release must also be assessed. 51 refs., 73
figs., 9 tabs. (ERA citation 13:039093)
13. RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS TO EROSIVE PARTICLE IMPACTS. - 8816 DE88005910
Keiser, J. R.; Heidersbach, R. S.; Dobbs, D. L.; Oliver, W. C.
1988 12p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-880314-2 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF
A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS MEETING,
ST LOUIS, MO, USA, 21 MAR 1988. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8816 n1300
Erosive particle impacts can result in the high-strain-rate deposition of an
appreciable amount of energy into the defromed volume of the target material This
energy likely causes local heating; softening or even melting has been observed in
many materials. Hardening caused by the high-strain-rate deformation has also been
reported for strain-hardenable materials. The effect of individual impacts on the
surface of selected aluminum alloys was determined both analyticaly using
theoretical considerations and experimentally using 343- mu m-diam tungsten carbide
balls impacting at about 30 m/s and 30 deg incidence angle. After impact a
mechanical properties microprobe was used to measure the hardness of both the crater
bottom and material just below the original surface. Strain hardening, but no
evidence of softening, was observed for two aluminum alloys. 29 refs., e figs 1
tab. (ERA citation 13:021972)
14. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1987. - 8814 DE88006051
NO-AUTHOR
Feb 88 588p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- DRNLFMP-872 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A25/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8814 n1300
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Off!ce (ORO) and the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. THe ORNL
-------
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined semiannual
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program semiannual progress reports will aid in the dissemination of
information developed on the program. (ERA citation 13:017594)
15. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1987 THROUGH 1991. 8809 DE88003689
Judkins, R. R.; Carlson, P T
Sep 87 149p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLTM-10242 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8809 n1300
This program implementation plan for the Department of Energy Advanced Research and
Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil Energy Materials Program reviews the
technical issues and the materials research and development needs of fossil energy
technologies. The status and plans for research and development activities in the AR
and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program to meet those needs are presented. Detailed
information about these plans is provided for FY 1987 through FY 1989, and
long-range plans are described for FY 1990 and FY 1991. (ERA citation 13:009025)
16. SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON THERMAL ENERGY 'YUGOSLAVIA 1986' HELD AT BLED YUGOSLAVIA ON 14
MAY 1986. PROCEEDINGS. - 88O4 DE87752788
NO-AUTHOR
1986 368p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- VGB Technische Vereinigung der
Grosskraftwerksbetreiber e.V., Essen (Germany, F.R.). REPORT NUMBER(S)-
INIS-mf-1O7O6, CONF-8605275- NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)-
IN GERMAN.VGB SPECIAL MEETING ON YUGOSLAVIA, BLED, YUGOSLAVIA, 14 MAY 1986. ISSUE
OF ORIGINATION- U8804 n1200
This volume contains various papers held at the conference 'Thermoenergetica 1986'
The papers cover subjects ranging from the development of thermal energy in
Yugoslavia via f1uidized-bed combustion and experience gained with the construction
and operation of coal-fuelled plants to the grinding and combustion of coals rich in
inerts, pollution problems, fouling and slag formation, service life, stress-induced
crack corrosions, and to the planning, construction and operation of nuclear power
plants. (ERA citation 12:047345)
17 AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING MARCH 31 1987. 8803 DE87014977
NO-AUTHOR
Jul 87 628p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-871 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8803 n1200
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability The management of the
Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor The ORNL
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined semiannual
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized
in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are organized
according to materials research thrust areas. It is the intent of the AR and TD
Fossil Energy Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a
number of fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD
Fossil Energy Materials Program semiannual progress reports will aid in the
dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation 12:044859)
-------
18. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1986. 8713 DE87004050
NO-AUTHOR
Nov 86 402p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-864 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A18/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8713 n 120O
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of
information developed on the program. Plans for the program are issued annually. The
implementation of these program plans will be reflected by these quarterly progress
reports, and this dissemination of information will be augmented by topical or final
reports as appropriate. (ERA citation 12:010694)
19. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING JUNE 30 1986. - 8710 DE87002327
NO-AUTHOR
Aug 86 321p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Dak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R214OO REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-863 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A14/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8710 n1200
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
management of the Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations
Office (ORO) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support
contractor The ORNL Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this
combined quarterly progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the
participating subcontractor organizations. This report of activities on the program
is organized in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are
organized according to materials research thrust areas. It is hoped that this series
of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in
the dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation 12:004237)
20. PRIMARY HEATER MODULE (EXTENSION) PHASE 2. FINAL REPORT JANUARY 1984-MARCH 198B.
VOLUME 2 RI/RD85-184. - 8704 DE85016255
Campbel1, J.
Apr 85 483p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA.
Rocketdyne Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-80ET15020 REPORT NUMBER(S)-
DOEET15020-1908-V.2 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A21/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8704
n1 100
A one year extension to a program of study and research on coal fired heaters for
closed-cycle, gas-turbine-based cogeneration systems of 25 to 50 MWe electrical
output was conducted. The results of the basic program were reported in Ref. 3-17;
the results of the extension are reported herein. The research included a 1000 hour
materials exposure program on a 6' x 6' atmospheric pressure, f1uidized-bed-fired,
air heater with 1550 F working fluid exit temperature. The principal purpose was to
evaluate the interrelationships between materials of heat exchanger construction and
the configuration and operating conditions of the fluidized-bed air heater.
Extensive metal 1ographic and ceramographic analyses were conducted on specimens
exposed during the firing period. The results indicate that during operations at 6
fps superficial velocity the in-bed tubes are coated with a hard deposit of bed
material. Erosion is not a problem. But some sulfidation of all metals occurred,
presumably due to CaSO sub 4 in the deposit. Silicon carbide ceramic specimens
showed no degradation. The studies include: (1) a review of s^^es previously
conducted on both power generation and cogeneration systems; (2) the identification
of potential advanced systems; and (3) parametric studies of several advanced
-------
systems having potential for improved economics. These studies indicated the CCGT
''Power Only'' systems are only marginally competitive with steam-turbine-based
systems. The base-line CCGT cogeneration system at 1450-1550 F turbine inlet
temperature, however, is so fuel efficient that it is expected to find commercial
application. Several advancements to the base line system were found technically
feasible, but judged unlikely to be economically competitive. The radial inflow
turbine is suggested as a candidate for development. 24 refs., 143 figs., 40 tabs.
(ERA citation 11:022381)
21. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING MARCH 31 1986. - 8703 DE86014333
NO-AUTHOR
Jun 86 447p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R2140O REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-862 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A19/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8703 n11OO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor The ORNL
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of
information developed on the program. (ERA citation 11:047142)
22. CONSOLIDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT (AR AND TD) FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM OCTOBER 1 1979-APRIL 30
1986. 8703 DE86014336
Carl son, P T
Aug 86 105p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- ACO5-840R2140O REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-865 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8703 n1100
The objective of the Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil
Energy Materials Program is to conduct long-range research and development that
addresses the materials needs of fossil energy systems, including materials for coal
preparation, coal liquefaction, coal gasification, heat engines and heat recovery,
coal combustion systems, fuel cells, magnetohydrodynamics, and oil shale processing.
Materials research that addresses materials problems generic to several fossil
energy technologies is emphasized. This consolidated bibliography of publications of
the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program covers those publications issued under
the auspices of the Program from October 1, 1979 through April 30, 1986. The
publications contained in this document have been limited to (1) topical reports,
(2) open literature publications in refereed journals, (3) full-length papers in
published proceedings of conferences, (4) full-length papers in unrefereed journals,
and (5) books and book articles. Each of the above types of publication is divided
in Part II into three principal materials categories: (1) metals and alloys, (2)
structural ceramics, and (3) refractories. Furthermore, each of the materials areas
is subdivided into technology or discipline categories which represent principal
areas of materials research and experience in fossil energy systems. Part III
contains a listing of the bibliography according to performing organization. (ERA
citation 11:O47172)
23. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
DECEMBER 31 1985. 8618 DE86009997
Bradley, R. A.
Mar 86 414p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-861 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A18/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8618 n11OO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
-------
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability The management of the
Program has been decentralized to the DDE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized
in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are organized
according to materials research thrust areas. It is the intent of the AR and TD
Fossil Energy Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a
number of fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD
Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the
dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation 11:029167)
24. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31
1985. 8618 DE86009998
Bradley, R. A.
Mar 86 122p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-6264 NTIS PRICE(S)-
PC A06/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8618 n1100
This report covers progress made during the period October 1 through December 31,
1985, for research and development projects that contribute to the advancement of
various fossil energy technologies. Projects on the Fossil Energy Program are
supported by DOE Office of Fossil Energy, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and
the Tennessee Valley Authority (ERA citation 11:029152)
25. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1985. - 8608 DE86004586
NO-AUTHOR
Nov 85 408p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-854 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A18/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8608 irMOO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL Fossil
Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program Plan for FYs 1985-89 (Ref 1) in which projects are organized according to
fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information
developed on the program. Plans for the program are issued annually (Ref. 1). The
implementation of these program plans will be reflected by these quarterly progress
reports, and this dissemination of information will be augmented by topical or final
reports as appropriate. (ERA citation 11:009186)
26. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING JUNE 30 1985. - 8605 DE86001368
NO-AUTHOR
Aug 85 369p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-853 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8605 n1100
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy app ications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
-------
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability The ORNL Fossil Energy
Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress report
from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program Plan for FYs 1985 to 1989 in which projects are organized according to
fossil energy technologies. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of quarterly progress reports will
aid in the dissemination of information developed on the program (ERA citation
11:OOOO16)
27. ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS NEEDS FOR ADVANCED STEAM CYCLE COAL-FIRED PLANTS. 8605
DE86001376
Rittenhouse, P L.; Goodwin, G. M.; Graves, R. L.; DeVan, J. H.; Griess,
-------
29. FBC: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR BURNING LOW-RANK
COAL. - 8519 DE85012018
Mann, M. D.; Hajicek, D. R.; Zobeck, B. J.; Miller, B. G.
May 85 17p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks. Energy
Research Center CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- FC21-83FE60181 REPORT NUMBER(S)-
DOEFE60181-148, CONF-850565-4 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY
NOTE(S)- 13. BIENNIAL LIGNITE SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND USE OF LOW-RANK COALS,
BISMARCK, ND, USA, 21 MAY 1985. ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8519 nIOOO
Low-rank coals represent a large energy resource for the US. Although pulverized
coal- and stoker-fired furnaces are currently the dominant choice for combusting
low-rank coals, there are many problems associated with these combustion methods
including ash fouling and slagging, clinker formation, and high costs for emissions
control Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) promises to be an
environmentally and economically acceptable alternative to conventional combustion
of low-rank coals. Advantages of AFBC include: lower costs for emissions control,
less fuel preparation, improved heat transfer, and reduced ash fouling. Several
evaluations have shown favorable economics for AFBC systems compared to conventional
combustion systems when control of SO sub 2 is required. AFBC's have passed the
initial development stage and are now entering a refinement and optimization stage.
The annual installation rate is increasing, principally as process boilers. AFBC's
have prime potential as boilers, process heaters, dryers, and any other application
where conventional combustion systems are operating today, especially when firing
low grade, variable quality, high sulfur solid fuels. The potentially rapid growth
in low-rank coal-fired AFBC installations in the United States is currently
constrained by the choice of other fuels and other more conventional combustion
technologies and the reluctance of potential users to take operational risks (real
or perceived) in difficult economic times. Results from current pilot and
demonstrational units will undoubtedly remove these constraints, and FBC systems
will stand as one of the keystones of advanced coal technology. (ERA citation
10:026739)
30. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1985 THROUGH
1989. 8516 DE85008758
Bradley, R. A.; Carlson, P T
Feb 85 176p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLTM-9328 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A09/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8516 nIOOO
This program implementation plan for the Department of Energy Advanced Research and
Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil Energy Materials Program reviews the
background, technical issues, and research and development needs for materials of
construction for fossil energy systems. The status and plans for research and
development activities in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program are then
discussed for various materials disciplines. Detailed information about these plans
is provided for FY 1985 through FY 1987, and long-range plans are described for FY
1988 and FY 1989. In addition to descriptions of planned research activities, this
plan provides levels of effort required for the various activities. (ERA citation
10:019660)
31. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING DECEMBER 31 1984. - 8514 DE85008770
NO-AUTHOR
Feb 85 336p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-851 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A15/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8514 nIOOO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL Fossil
Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program Plan for FYs 1984 to 1988. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
-------
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information
developed on the program. (ERA citation 10:019659)
32. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1984. - 8510 DE85004771
Bradley, R. A.
Nov 84 372p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-844 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF AO1 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8510 nIOOO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Progam has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor The ORNL Fossil
Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program Plan for FYs 1983 to 1987 It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information
developed on the program. (ERA citation 10:009464)
33. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT ENDING JUNE 30 1984. 8504 DE85000475
NO-AUTHOR
Aug 84 507p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-843 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A22/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8504 n09OO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor A substantial
portion of the work on the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is performed by
participating subcontractor organizations. The ORNL Fossil Energy Materials Program
Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress report from camera-ready
copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor organizations. This
report of activities on the program is organized in accordance with a work breakdown
structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program Plan for FYs 1982
to 1986, in which projects are organized according to fossil energy technologies. It
is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program to sponsor materials
research which is generic to a number of fossil energy technologies. We hope this
series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress reports will
aid in the dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation
09:050094)
34. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORT SEPTEMBER 1975. - 8502 DE84016914
Chamberlin, R. M.; Keairns, D. L.; Lancaster, B. W.; Salvador, L. A.; Sverdrup,
E . F
10 Oct 75 16p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester, PA.
Heat Transfer Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC01-76ET10161 REPORT NUMBER(S)-
DOEET1O161-T1, FE-1514-38 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
U8502 n09OO
This program carries along in parallel many analytical and experimental tasks
-------
necessary to evolve an Advanced Coal Gasification System for Electric Power
Generation. The Process Development Unit's devolati1izer/desulfurizer has undergone
cold flow dynamic tests; synthesis gas generators have been rebuilt and reinstalled;
they have been tested at full pressure and temperature, and demonstrated to be
completely satisfactory. Devolati1ization tests at full temperature on
sub-bituminous C coal will begin shortly Test facilities for developing low-Btu gas
burning combustors to be fitted into large utility gas turbines are now in
operation. Current test work using 350 exp 0 F fuel gas is concerned with minimizing
CO and smoke emissions when operating both oil-fired and coal-gas-fired modes. A
second generation coal gas combustor has been ordered, which embodies all the
features found necessary as a result of the first year of testing. Maximum economic
potential of this process will be realized by cleaning the product gas of
particulates and trace contaminants at 1600 exp 0 F before burning in the gas
turbine. Tests of commercially-available cyclone collectors have shown results a
little poorer than manufacturers' guarantees had led us to expect. Conclusion is
that some form of granular bed filter will be necessary in a workable gasification
plant. Test rigs have been constructed for realistic tests and are now operational
on both a Donaldson Tan Oet Collector and a granular bed filter Testing is under
way on a 400 exp 0 SCFM Aerodyne cyclone. Efforts to define the level of cleanliness
which a modern gas turbine can tolerate in its fuel gas are as yet inconclusive. An
analytical model which predicts rate of blade erosion as a function of particle
sizes, densities and hardness is beginning to produce information. Physical models
to provide factual information needed for effective use of the above are being
designed. (ERA citation 09:045308)
35. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31
1984. - 8424 DE84013114
McNeese, L. E.
Jun 84 125p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R214OO REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-6056 NTIS PRICE(S)-
PC A06/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8424 nOSOO
This quarterly report covers the progress made during the period January 1 through
March 31 for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory research and development projects
that are carried out in support of the increased utilization of coal and other
fossil fuels as sources of clean energy. These projects are supported by various
parts of DOE including Fossil Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, the Electric Power
Research Institute, and by the Tennessee Valley Authority through inter-agency
agreement with DOE. (ERA citation 09:035013)
36. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING MARCH 31 1984. - 8423 DE84013550
NO-AUTHOR
May 84 450p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R214OO REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-842 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A19/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8423 n09OO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
management of the Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office
(ORO) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor
A substantial portion of the work on the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program
is performed by participating subcontractor organizations (technically monitored by
Program staff members at ORNL and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)). The ORNL
Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
subcontractor organizations. Distribution is as shown on pages 467-475. Future
reports will be issued on a quarterly basis to a similar distribution. This report
of activities on the program is organized in accordance with a work breakdown
structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program Plan for FYs
1982-86 (Ref 1) in which projects are organized according to fossil energy
technologies. A schematic summary of this organization is provided in Fig. 2. We
hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress
reports will aid in the dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA
citation 09:035014)
-------
37. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1983. - 8414
DE84004145
NO-AUTHOR
Nov 83 476p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab.. TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-2G REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-834 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A21/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8414 nOSOO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor The ORNL Fossil
Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program Plan for FYs 1982 to 1986 in which projects are organized according to
fossil energy technologies. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information
developed on the program. (ERA citation 09:005677)
38. EPRI (ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE) CONDENSER-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECTS. 8414
EPRI-CS-1841-SR
Laliberte, M.; Bartz. J.; Chow, W.; Diaz-Tous, I.; Murarka, I.
May 81 78p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA . NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8414 nOOOO
This special report summarizes the research projects EPRI has funded through 1981
relating to steam surface condensers in electric power plants. Divided into sections
according to the type of issue addressed, the first section presents general
projects identifying causes of condenser failures. The following sections deal with
studies on air and water in leakage control , erosion-corrosion control , leak
detection, biofouling and scaling, engineering design, nondestructive evaluation
techniques, and special issues of closed-cycle cooling systems.
39. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT. REPORT IN FULL. 8412 DOE/TIC-11369
NO-AUTHOR
Jul 77 541p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Federal Power Commission, Washington, DC.
NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A23/MF AO1 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8412 nOOOO
The results of the entire study are presented in this volume titled Report In Full
The report begins with an historical survey of the research, development and
demonstration of flue gas desulfurization since 1850. Two monographs, concerning
health effects and ecological effects of sulfur oxides emissions, are presented in
Chapter II. The comments of eminent scientists on the respective monographs are also
included. Chapter III discusses the technological and cost considerations of flue
gas desulfurization and alternative technologies for meeting air pollution control
regulations. The alternatives discussed include: the use of low-sulfur, conforming
coal; coal washing; supplementary control systems and tall stacks; solvent refined
coal; coal gasification and f1uidized-bed combustion. Regulatory pressures relative
to the installation of scrubbers are the result of the administrative and judicial
implementations of the Clean Air Act. Chapter VI examines the financial constraints
posed by the need to install scrubbers as compared with the most commonly applicable
alternative, burning western, low-sulfur coal. Chapter VII, Commercial-Seale Flue
Gas Desulfurization Systems, constitutes a primer on FGD processes currently in
full-scale commercial application. Chapter VIII presents the results of extensive
surveys of electric utility company's plans to operate flue gas desulfurization
systems. Data concerning operational systems are also included. The report concludes
with a review of fifteen advanced FGD processes. Advantages and disadvantages
associated with the emerging technologies are briefly listed
-------
40. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT. HIGHLIGHTS. - 8412 DOE/TIC-11370
NO-AUTHOR
-------
43. DESIGN OF A GAS TURBINE PILOT PLANT WITH A COAL-BURNING PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
COMBUSTOR AND ACCOMPANYING EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS. 8402 DE83751129
Bonn, B.; Muenzner, H.; Busch, U.; Hoi 1 L.
Uun 83 125p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Bundesministeriurn fuer Forschung und
Technologie, Bonn-Bad Godesberg (Germany, F.R.). REPORT NUMBER(S)-
BMFT-FB-T-83-101 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN GERMAN.
ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8402 nOSOO
Results of experimental investigations on f1uidized-bed combustion in the laboratory
and in a semi-technical scale are dealt with and the design and engineering of an
open-cycle gas turbine plant with PFB-combustor is presented. The experimental
investigations comprised the elucidation of the influence of operating parameters,
feedstock properties and design variants, as well as the development of optimization
and scale-up criteria. Results reveal that, with careful selection and preparation
of feedstocks, a very low-polluting combustor can be realized with comparatively
moderate expense with respect to cost and materials. The design and engineering of
the gas turbine plant had to be rearranged several times due to unforeseeable
technical difficulties. In the first design the use of a gas turbine and of a
high-temperature electrostatic precipitator was envisaged, whereas in the second
design a FCC-turbine and hot gas cyclones are suggested. However, the planning
finally arrived at offers best prospects to achieve the desired target:
investigation of gas turbine hehaviour with respect to response to transients and
control operations as well as to wear and tear (esp. erosion, corrosion, and
fouling) with currently available equipment and at sensible risk (ERA citation
08:045979)
44. CORROSION-RELATED FAILURES IN FEEDWATER HEATERS. FINAL REPORT - 8402 DE83902915
Beavers, J. A.; Agrawal, A. K.; Berry, W. E.
Jul 83 203p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. REPORT
NUMBER(S)- EPRI-CS-3184 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A10/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8402
nOSOO
A survey of the literature was performed for the Electric Power Research Institute
on corrosion-related failures in feedwater heaters. The survey was directed toward
failures in fossil and in pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants, but
i ncludes some pert inent information related to failures in boiling water reactor
(BWR) power plants. The survey was organized into sections on the commonly used
feedwater heater materials; C steel, brasses, Cu-Ni alloys, MONEL Alloy 400, and
Type 3O4 Stainless Steel A section on Ti as a potential feedwater heater material
also is given in the appendices. Each section is divided into subsections on field
experience and laboratory studies tat relate to the field failures that have been
observed. Appendices are given on a feedwater heater description, water quality in
power plants, forms of corrosion, and failure analysis techniques. (ERA citation
O8:046O67)
45. ELECTRIC UTILITY USE OF FIRESIDE ADDITIVES. FINAL REPORT 8323 DE82901987
Locklin, D. W.; Krause, H. H.; Anson, D.; Reid, W.
Jan 80 3O3p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. REPORT
NUMBER(S)- EPRI-CS-1318 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A14/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8323
n0700
Fireside additives have been used or proposed for use in fossil-fired utility
boilers to combat a number of problems related to boiler performance and
reliability. These problems include corrosion, fouling, superheat control, and
acidic emissions. Fuel additivies and other fireside additives have been used mainly
with oil firing; however, there is growing experience with additives in coal-firing,
especially for flyash conditioning to improve the performance of electrostatic
precipitators. In decisions regarding the selection and use of additives, utilities
have had to rely extensively on empiricism, due partly to our incomplete
understanding of processes involved and partly to the limited amount of quantitative
data. The study reported here was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute
to assemble and analyze pertinent operating experience and to recommend guidelines
for utility decisions on the use of additives. This report describes the combined
results of the state-of-the-art review of technical literature and a special survey
of utility experience. A total of 38 utilities participated in the survey, providing
information on trials conducted on 104 units in 93 different plants. Altogether, 445
separate trials were reported, each representing a unit/additive/fuel combination.
90 different additive formulations, both pure compounds and proprietary products,
were categorized into 37 generic classes according to their chemical constituents,
and the results of the survey are presented by these generic classes This report is
-------
organized according to the operating problems for which fireside additives are used.
Guidelines are presented for utility use in additive selection and in planning
additive trials. (ERA citation 07:056100)
46 LIMESTONE FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT (25 UNITS: LOCATION CAPACITY
INSTALLATION DATA COAL (CALORIFIC VALUE ASH SULFUR CONTENT) PARTICULATE CONTROL
SYSTEM AND DESIGN EFFICIENCY). - 8323 DE83901899
Smith, E. 0.; Blythe, G. M.; Cannell, A. L.; Meadows, M. L.; Swenson, D. 0.
Mar 83 690p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Black and Veatch, Kansas City, MO.
REPORT NUMBER(S)- EPRI-CS-2949 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- U8323 nOSOO
Selecting and installing a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) can be a difficult task
for the utility engineer Often, the technology is unfamiliar and the array of
alternatives disconcerting. Approximately 33,000 MW of FGD systems are now operating
and another 39,000 MW are planned or under construction. With the current EPA
regulations requiring an FGD system on essentially every new coal-fired utility
generating unit, the ability to decide on the most advantageous FGD system on
technical, environmental, and economic bases is critical to the success of the unit
and can result in substantial improvements in the reliability of the system. This
manual presents discussions of the chemical processes involved in SO sub 2 removal
using limestone, process control methods, mechanical component design, and methods
of requesting and evaluating proposals. The discussion of mechanical components
includes numerous examples of existing utility installations and problems. (ERA
citation 08:031604)
47. LIME FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT. - 8321 EPRI-FP-1030
NO-AUTHOR
May 79 714p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF AO1 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8321 nOSOO
This manual represents a joint effort of EPRI nd the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). It was written as an aid to utility engineers involved in the design,
specification, project management, and operation of lime-based, flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) systems. The information is aimed at technical personnel who
already have knowledge of utility power plant operations but may not be familiar
with the chemical processes and equipment that comprise FGD systems. To date,
lime-based FGD systems account for approximately 11,000 MW out of 28,000 MW of FGD
capacity installed or under construction. As a result, a large information base is
becoming available, but up to now it has not been compiled in a format that is
readily accessible and usable by the utility industry. The Lime FGD Systems Data
Book should permit a utility to anticipate the performance, reliability, and
maintenance characteristics of alternative lime scrubbing system designs available,
as a function of site-specific variables. This information should improve the
quality of bid specifications as well as the ability to judge the merit of
alternative lime scrubbing system proposals. The manual serves to integrate and
summarize the results of extensive utility, architect-engineer, vendor, EPA and EPRI
efforts in the development of lime scrubbing technology. Much of the information is
derived from the results of research projects funded by EPRI and EPA. (ERA citation
05:005314)
48. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM, QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
ENDING DECEMBER 31 1982. 8319 DE83010406
NO-AUTHOR
Feb 83 342p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-831 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A15/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8319 nOSOO
The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor The ORNL Fossil
Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
-------
organizations. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program to
sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of fossil energy
technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program
quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information developed on
the program. (ERA citation 08:028814)
49. MATERIALS FOR COAL CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION. - 8308 DE82013244
NO-AUTHOR
1981 575p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-811O61- NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A24/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- U8308 nOVOO
The Sixth annual conference on materials for coal conversion and utilization was
held October 13-15, 1981 at the National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland.
It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research
Institute, the Gas Research Institute and the National Bureau of Standards.
Fifty-eight papers from the proceedings have been entered individually into EDB and
ERA; four papers had been entered previously from other sources. (ERA citation
07:041987 )
50. CERAMIC TURBINE COMPONENTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 8307 EPRI-AP-1539-SY
NO-AUTHOR
Aug 80 34p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Research and Development
Center, Pittsburgh, PA. NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8307
nOSOO
The three separate but interrelated subjects that are concerned with the application
of ceramics to advanced combustion turbine systems are discussed; namely, Part I
Ceramic Rotor Blade Development, Part II Evaluation of MCrAlY/ZrO sub 2 (Y sub 2 0
sub 3 ) Thermal Barrier Coatings, and Part III Catalytic Combustor Development. In
each of these areas of development, emphasis was placed on the design, analysis and
testing of both the ceramic component and its metal support structure. (ERA citation
05:O38O69)
51. PREVENTION OF CONDENSER FAILURES: THE STATE OF THE ART. 8226 DE82903309
Syrett, B. C.
Mar 82 365p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA. ITEM DESCRIPTION- CONF- 811191-- REPORT NUMBER(S)- EPRI-RD-2282-SR,
CONF-810170- NTIS PRICE(S)- MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8226 n0700
An EPRI sponsored seminar on prevention of failures in steam surface condensers was
held first in Palo Alto, California, on January 21-22, 1981, then again in
Arlington, Virginia, on November 4-5, 1981. The objective of the seminar was to
explain how condenser failures occur, where in the condenser they occur, and how the
incidence of such failures is dependent on materials selection, condenser design,
condenser operation, and environmental variables. Each mechanism of failure was
discussed separately, and recommendations were made on how to avoid each type of
problem and on what to do if such failures were already occurring. This volume
comprises extended abstracts and visuals of the presentations made at the seminar
(ERA citation 07:043333)
52. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS. - 8212 EPRI-AP-1623-V.2
DeCorso, S. M.; Pillsbury, P W.; Bauserman, G.; Mulik, P R.; Ambrose, M.
-------
fuels with hydrogen content greater than approximately 1O% (by weight) and nitrogen
content less than approximately 0.35% should be satisfactory for engines of current
design. These include a number of the fuels tested. A wider selection of synthetic
fuels could be used in engines of a lower pressure ratio and/or turbine inlet
temperature. Conversely, designs of higher turbine inlet temperature and/or pressure
ratio would require tighter fuel specifications or the development of improved
combustor cooling, smoke performance, and NO/sub x/ suppression. The other
combustion characteristics of the synthetic fuels were satisfactory. They burned
smoothly, cleanly, and efficiently, and ignited readily with no significant coking.
All fuels were handled acceptably by standard fuel forwarding systems. Emissions of
CO, UHC and particulates were at about the same low levels as for petroleum
distillate No. 2. Analysis and correlation of NO/sub x/ emissions and wall
temperature versus fuel properties have been developed for prediction of these
effects over a range of operating conditions. Volume I is a summary that presents
the main conclusions and the results of these correlations of the data. This volume
presents the detailed test and analysis results. (ERA citation 81:025440)
53. ENGINEER DESIGN CONSTRUCT TEST AND EVALUATE A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED PILOT PLANT
USING HIGH-SULFUR COAL FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER: PHASE I PRELIMINARY
ENGINEERING PHASE II FINAL DESIGN. ANNUAL REPORT MARCH 1 1978-FEBRUARY 28 1979. -
8211 DE82000494
NO-AUTHOR
1979 110p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Curtiss-Wright Corp., Wood-Ridge, NO. Power
Systems Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-76ET10417 REPORT NUMBER(S)-
CW-WR-76-015,47A, FE-1726-47A NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
U8211 n0700
During this period the steam-gas turbine/pressurized fluidized bed (SGT/PFB)
Technology Unit was operated for an additional 800 h on high sulfur coal during
which the complete range of pilot plant operating parameters was covered. Data on
bed-side heat transfer, bed operation, heat exchanger materials characteristics and
hot gas cleanup performance were obtained. Following the initial shakedown period
the PFB combustor performed at near design conditions for the 80O h of testing. The
cumulative coal operating time on the rig is 894 h. Coal combustion was initiated at
bed temperatures of 850 to 900 exp 0 F although startup at 1100 to 1200 exp 0 F was
the normal procedure. Start-up with a full height deep bed was demonstrated which
precluded the need for bed material removal prior to start-up as other investigators
have found. Temperature distribution over the full bed height during design point
and off-design operation was uniform and there was no indication of freeboard
combustion. (ERA citation 07:001866)
54. EVALUATION OF BOILER-TUBE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED POWER CYCLES. 8211
CONF-790145-4
Plumley, A. L.; Accortt, J. I.; Roczniak, W. R.
1979 19p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC01-76ET10501 REPORT NUMBER(S)- TIS-6105 NTIS PRICED-
PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8211 n0600
A three-year laboratory and field investigation was completed during which selected
commercial and advanced experimental materials and coatings were evaluated under
conditions simulating advanced power cycles, i.e., in the 1300 to 1700 exp 0 F metal
temperature range associated with the liquid-coupled Rankine and closed Brayton
power cycles under consideration. The materials and coatings were evaluated
initially following exposure on controlled temperature probes in a solid fuel
burning test furnace using coal feedstock of economic significance. The most
promising materials were again evaluated after exposure for periods up to SOOOh on
probes under superheater conditions in operating boilers using the same feedstocks.
The materials tested included standard and advanced austenitic stainless steels, and
nimonic, inconel and incaloy alloys. The results showed that the Western
subbituminous and Midwestern bituminous coals appeared to be somewhat more corrosive
to the austenitic materials. No significant differences between coals were noted
when the 800 series or cobalt based alloys were exposed while burning the various
coals. (ERA citation 06:021991)
55. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: AIR PREHEATERS. FINAL REPORT. - 8201 DE81903777
Maloney, K. L.; Benson, R. C.
Jul 81 169p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA. REPORT NUMBER(S)-
EPRI-CS-1927 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A08/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8201 nOSOO
-------
This final report under RP1265-8 is one of several surveys being conducted through
the Fossil Plant Performance and Reliability Program to define more clearly the
major generic equipment and/or operating problems responsible for utility power
plant outages. This survey includes input from 40 US utilities encompassing 118
generating units with an average size over 500 MW and using 236 air heaters. Data
analysis resulting from this study clearly demonstrates problems with air preheater
systems and their components that contribute to loss in performance and
unavailability of generating units. Nine major problem areas are identified:
corrosion, fouling, plugging, soot blowers, water wash system, seals, fires, and
drive and bearing systems. The indicated causes and effects are discussed.
Recommendations are made to improve the reliability of existing air preheaters, and
generic problems requiring future research and application of existing technologies
are identified. It is also recommended that users place more emphasis on the initial
procurement phase to specify those design features that improve reliability. Another
recommendation is to encourage manufacturers to accelerate their efforts to improve
the technology and correct critical problems by upgrading their designs.
Implementation of the recommendations included in this report by users and
manufacturers can substantially improve the availability of air preheaters. (ERA
Citation 05:030474)
56. LONG-TERM OXIDATION OF SELECTED ALLOYS IN SUPERHEATED STEAM AT 482 AND 538 EXP 0 C.
- 8126 DE81027068
Griess, J. C.; Maxwell, W. A.
uul 81 48p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-5771 NTIS PRICE(S)-
PC A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8126 nO600
The oxidation of several Cr-Mo steels and austenitic materials in superheated steam
at 482 and 538 exp 0 C (900 and 10OO exp 0 F) is studied. The investigation was
conducted in a once-through loop that received steam from the superheater circuit of
the Bartow Power Plant of the Florida Power Corporation. This report presents the
results from this investigation, which was terminated after 28,339 h when the mode
of power plant operation was changed from baseload to peaking. (ERA citation
O6:028984)
57 LONG-TERM MATERIALS-TEST PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT AND QUALIFICATION TEST PLAN OCTOBER
1979-SEPTEMBER 1980. 8125 DE81025557
NO-AUTHOR
Apr 81 91p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
Energy Systems Programs Dept. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-79ET15457 REPORT
NUMBER(S)- DOEET15457-160 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
U8125 nO600
Progress made on the Long Term Materials Test Program during its first year is
summarized and the test planning required to perform the Qualification Test is
documented. The objective of the Qualification Test is to check out the proper
functioning of the Test Rig and to demonstrate its capability to produce a
representative PFB off-gas environment for long term candidate-material testing.
During the first year of the program, the project has progressed from the concept
stage to the start of construction. Ninety-five percent of the equipment has been
ordered and renovations to accommodate the test rig have been initiated at the Malta
Site. The initial effort focused on the test rig configuration and selection of the
candidate turbine materials. The preliminary design phase was officially culminated
by the presentation and acceptance of the Preliminary Operations Plan to DOE during
April 1980. By mid-June, 1981, the design of the major components was substantially
complete allowing a detailed external design review to be performed. The design was
accepted, and purchase orders for the major components were placed. In parallel with
the design effort, two materials-screening tests have been initiated. One thousand
hours of testing on the oil-fired small burner rig and the first 250-h segment on
the erosion/corrosion simulator has been completed. (ERA citation 06:027105)
58. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: FEEDWATER HEATERS. FINAL REPORT. - 8123 EPRI-CS-1776
dacobstein, A. R.; Quinn, J. A.; Wadsworth, F L.; Wellens, R. S.
Apr 81 212p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- International Energy Associates Ltd..
Washington, DC. NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A10/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8123 n0600
Feedwater heater (FWH) failures have had a significant adverse impact on
availability and thermal efficiency in large fossil-fired power plants The purpose
-------
of this study is to document the major causes of FWH failures and to make
appropriate recommendations for improvement. Data were gathered through a literature
search; a questionnaire distributed to utilities with fossil units over 500 MWe; and
visits to selected utilities, architect/engineers, and FWH vendors. Responses to the
questionnaire revealed that problems had been experienced in approximately one-third
of all the FWHs at 44 utilities. Major problem areas were tube vibration, flashing
in the drains subcooler zone due to inadequate level control, tube inlet erosion,
corrosion, steam impingement, and difficulty in plugging failed tubes. The main
conclusion from the study is that industry standards do not adequately address most
of the major FWH problems that were reported. As a result, utilities do not have
sufficient guidance to prepare purchase specifications so that these problems can be
avoided. It is recommended that straightforward guidelines be developed to address
each of these FWH problem areas. (ERA citation 06:020145)
59. ALKALI METAL VAPOR REMOVAL FROM PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR FLUE GAS:
ACTIVATED BAUXITE SORBENT REGENERATION. QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1980.
8123 DE81024482
Johnson, I.; Lee, S. H.
May 81 131p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab., IL.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-31 -109-ENG-38 REPORT NUMBER(S)- ANLCENFE-80-24 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8123 n8100
This work supports the program to develop methods for the cleanup of combustion
gases from pressurized f1uidized-bed coal combustors so that the cleaned gases can
be used to power downstream gas turbines. Presented here are the results of studies
to develop granular sorbents for removing gaseous alkali metal compounds from these
combustion gases in a granular-bed filter Activated bauxite bed material can be
reused after the alkali compound is removed by a water-leaching process. In
experiments to study the kinetics of leaching, the effects of adsorbed NaCl loading,
leaching temperature, and the leaching water to sorbent ratio on the rate of
leaching are reported. Also reported are water retention in bauxite after leaching
and the effect of volatile alkalis in makeup activated bauxite on the alkali level
in flue gas expanded in the gas turbine. (ERA citation 81:025436)
60. FOSSIL-ENERGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 1981. - 8120 ORNL/TM-7763
McNeese, L. E.
Apr 81 120p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO6/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- U8120 nO6OO
This report the seventy-ninth of a series is a compendium of monthly progress
reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the
increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives as sources of clean
energy. The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion
development, chemical research and development, materials technology, component
development and process evaluation studies, technical support to major liquefaction
projects, process analysis and engineering evaluations, fossil energy environmental
analysis, flue gas desulfurization, coal preparation waste utilization, plant
control development, atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustor for cogeneration, TVA
FBC demonstration plant program technical support, PFBC systems analysis, fossil
fuel applications assessments, performance assurance system support for fossil
energy projects, international energy technology assessment, and general equilibrium
models of liquid and gaseous fuel supplies. (ERA citation 06:019623)
61. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. PROGRESS REPORT FOR JANUARY 1981. - 8119 ORNL/TM-7723
McNeese, L. E.
Mar 81 111p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- U8119 n0600
This report the seventy-eighth of a series - is a compendium of monthly progress
reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the
increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives as sources of clean
energy The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion
development, chemical research and development, materials technology, component
development and process evaluation, technical support to major liquefaction
projects, process analysis; and engineering evaluations, fossil energy environmental
analysis, flue gas desulfurization, solid waste disposal, coal preparation and waste
-------
utilization, plant control development, atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustor for
cogeneration, Tennessee Valley Authority Fluidized Bed Combustion demonstration
plant program technical support, PFBC systems analysis, fossil fuel applications
assessments, performance assurance system support for fossil energy projects,
international energy technology assessment, and generalized equilibrium models of
liquid and gaseous fuel supplies. (ERA citation 06:017908)
62. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. VOLUME 2. FINAL REPORT 8118
EPRI-CS-173B(V.2)
Rosenberg, H. S.; Krause, H. H.; Nowacki, L. d.; Kistler, C. W.; Beavers, J . A.
Mar 81 304p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A14/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8118 nOSOO
This report is a comprehensive documentation and analysis of utility experience with
materials of construction in full-scale lime and limestone wet fluidized gas
desulfurization (FGD) systems. Information on field performance of construction
materials was collected by site visits, by telephone and letter contacts with FGD
system operators and equipment vendors and by literature searches. Information was
collected on: prescrubbers, absorbers, spray nozzles, mist eliminators, reheaters,
fans, ducts, expansion joints, dampers, stacks, storage silos, ball mills and
slakers, pumps, piping and valves, tanks and thickness, agitators and rakes, vacuum
filters and centrifuges, and pond linings. Materials documentation and analysis
includes successes, failures, reasons for success or failure, failure mechanisms,
and relative costs of various materials. The results are designed to aid utilities
and FGD equipment suppliers in selecting materials that aid will perform
satisfactorily without unnecessary expense. Outlet ducts downstream from the outlet
dampers and stack linings have a significant history of materials problems and are
critical components - failures may require complete boiler shutdown and loss of
generating capacity for lengthy periods. Prescrubbers, absorbers, reheaters, outlet
ducts stream of the outlet dampers, dampers, pumps, and piping and valves have a
moderate history of materials problems, but failures may not require complete boiler
shutdown. Spray nozzles, mist eliminators, fans, inlet and bypass ducts, expansion
joints, storage silos, ball mills and slakers, tanks and thickeners, agitators and
rakes, vacuum filters and centrifuges, and pond linings have a relatively low
history of materials problems and/or are amenable to rapid repair or replacement.
(ERA citation 06:016406)
63. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. FINAL REPORT 8118 EPRI-CS-1736(V.1)
Rosenberg, H. S.; Krause, H. H.; Nowacki, L. J.; Kistler, C. W.; Beavers, J. A.
Mar 81 155p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A08/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8118 n0600
This report is a comprehensive documentation and analysis of utility experience with
materials of construction in full-scale 1ime/1imestone wet FGD systems on boilers
burning eastern or western coals. Information was collected for the following FGD
system components; prescrubbers, absorbers, spray nozzles, mist eliminators,
reheaters, fans, ducts, expansion joints, dampers, stacks, storage silos, ball mills
and slakers, pumps, piping and valves, tanks and thickeners, agitators and rakes,
vacuum filters and centrifuges, and pond linings. Materials documentation and
analysis includes successes, failures, reasons for success or failure, failure
mechanisms, and relative costs of various materials. The results are designed to be
a first step in aiding utilities and FGD equipment suppliers in selecting materials
that will perform satisfactorily without unnecessary expense. Outlet ducts
downstream from the outlet dampers and stack linings have a significant history of
materials problems and are critical components in that failure may require complete
boiler shutdown and loss of generating capacity for lengthy periods. Prescrubbers,
absorbers, reheaters, outlet ducts upstream of the outlet dampers, dampers, pumps,
and piping and valves have a moderate history of materials problems but failures may
not require complete boiler shutdown. Spray nozzles, mist eliminators, fans, inlet
and bypass ducts, expansion joints, storage silos, ball mills and slakers, tanks and
thickeners, agitators and rakes, vacuum filters and centrifuges, and pond linings
have a relatively low history of materials problems and/or are amenable to rapid
repair or replacement. (ERA citation 06:016795)
-------
64. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS. FINAL REPORT - 8112
EPRI-AP-1623(V.1)
DeCorso, S. M.; Pillsbury, P W.; Bauserman, G.; Mulik, P R.; Stein, T R.
Nov 80 66p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Concordvi11e,
PA. Combustion Turbine Systems Div NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF AO1 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- U8112 n0600
The purpose of Project RP989-1 was to determine the effects of burning coal- and
shale-derived synthetic liquid fuels in state-of-the-art gas turbine combustors. Ten
types of coal-derived liquid fuels from the SRC-I, SRC-II, EDS, and H-Coal
processes, and three hydrogenated shale oil fuels were utilized. The combustion and
emission performance of fuels other than petroleum has now been obtained. The main
conclusion was that synthetic fuels burned approximately as expected from
extrapolation of the combustion results obtained with petroleum fuels. Synthetic
fuels with hydrogen content greater than approximately 10% (by weight) and nitrogen
content less than approximately 0.2% should be satisfactory for engines of current
design. These include a number of the fuels tested. A wider selection of synthetic
fuels could be used in engines of a lower pressure ratio and/or turbine inlet
temperature. Conversely, designs of higher turbine inlet temperature and/or pressure
ratio would require tighter fuel specifications or the development of improved
combustor cooling, smoke performance, and NO/sub x/ suppression. The other
combustion characteristics of the synthetic fuels were quite satisfactory. They
burned smoothly, cleanly, efficiently, and ignited readily with no significant
coking. All fuels were handled acceptably by standard fuel forwarding systems.
Emissions of CO, UHC and particulates were at about the same low levels as for
petroleum distillate No. 2. Analysis and correlation of NO/sub x/ emissions and wall
temperatures versus fuel properties have been developed for prediction of these
effects over a range of operating conditions. Volume I summarizes the main
conclusions and the results of these correlations of the data. Volume II presents
the detailed test and analysis results. (ERA citation 06:007693)
65. ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT NDI TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE LOCATION AND EXTENT OF
FOSSIL-FIRED BOILER TUBE DAMAGE. FINAL REPORT. 8111 EPRI-CS-1585
Reinhart, E. R.; Johnson, D.; Sarian, S.
Oct 80 30p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Reluxtrol, South San Francisco, CA. NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8111 n06OO
Assessment of state-of-the-art nondestructive evaluation techniques for detecting
the type, location, and extent of fossil-fired boiler tube damage was made through
on-site visits and canvassing by questionnaire. The results of this survey indicate
that state-of-the-art for fossil fired boiler tube NDE practice is limited almost
exclusively, in order of use frequency, to: (1) magnetic particle/dye penetrant, (2)
ultrasonic testing (UT), (3) visual, including fiber-optic/borescope and TV, and (4)
radiography None of these techniques are adequate for reliably detecting and sizing
boiler tube damage, and they suffer from low inspection volume coverage, i.e., they
are limited to small localized checking of suspect troubl espots. Our survey shows
that boiler inspection using even these four methods is not practiced routinely but
only after a forced outage has occurred. While there is a wide spectrum of boiler
tube damage which results in failures forcing complete or partial outages, our
survey indicates that: (1) wall thinning and wastage by erosion/corrosion, (2)
overheating, and (3) hydrogen damage are the most prevalent failure modes for fossil
fired boilers. Our survey also shows that at least one-quarter to one-third of the
failures forcing a full outage occur in the furnace wall tube bank and reducing the
number of these failures alone would result in considerable savings to the
utilities. We recommend that EPRI undertake a research and development program for
the purpose of providing the utilities with a practical NDE capability for
inspecting boiler tubes. (ERA citation 06:006024)
66. EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF TVA
POWER PLANTS. PART 1. APPROACH AND SOME EARLY RESULTS. - 8108 CONF-8O09102-1
Barrett, R. E.; Holt, E. C. Jr
1980 17p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- AI01-79ET14275 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8108
n0600
This paper describes an ongoing program to examine historic TVA coal and power plant
performance data for the purpose of searching for relationships between coal
characterization and various measures of power plant performance. Power plant
performance parameters of interest include unit efficiency, boiler capacity, boiler
availability, plant operating costs, and plant maintenance costs. The program is
-------
being conducted using TVA data from the past 18 years (1961-1978) as the data base.
Early results of the program show that unit heat rate, slagging outages, and
maintenance costs are strongly influenced by coal ash and coal sulfur, at least for
some TVA plants. Unit capacity and unit availability have not been shown to be
strongly dependent on coal ash and sulfur in early results. (ERA citation 06:002290)
67. REHEAT STUDY AND THE CORROSION—EROSION TESTS AT TVA'S COLBERT PILOT PLANT. 8005
EPRI-FP-940
Cole, R. M.; Kelso, T M.; Robards, R. F
May 79 68p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga.
NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8005 n0400
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is actively engaged in a pilot plant program to
develop and/or evaluate wet-scrubbing processes for removing sulfur dioxide (SO sub
2 ) from boiler flue gas. This program includes adjunct testing to evaluate
ancillary systems and components. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
funded TVA to determine the operating and heat transfer characteristics for the (1)
inline-indirect steam reheater, (2) flue gas recirculation reheat system, and (3)
the cyclic reheat system. Tests were also made to measure the resistance of
materials of construction to erosion--corrosion by process lime/limestone slurry.
(ERA citation 04:051426)
68. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. HOT GAS CLEAN-UP EFFLUX CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMMERCIAL
PLANT (TASK 4.1.1). - 8001 FE-2357-36
NO-AUTHOR
Mar 78 56p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
Energy Systems Programs Dept. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400
Progress is reported in a research program whose objective is to evaluate the
coal-fired combined cycle (CFCC) power plant conceptual design, of the pressurized
f1uidized-bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
development program. The supporting development is required for evaluating the
pressurized f1uidized-bed combustion concept, for developing engineering
correlations to be used in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup, and the advanced gas
turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized
f1uidized-bed combustion. During this reporting period results were obtained for the
chemical and physical properties of combustion products from the f1uidized-bed
combustor, and the flow rate and size distribution of particles in the combustor
effluent. (ERA citation 04:048524)
69. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. COMMERCIAL PLANT DESIGN DEFINITION (TASK 1.2). - 8001
FE-2357-28
NO-AUTHOR
Mar 78 147p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
Energy Systems Programs Dept. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400
Progress is reported in a research program whose objective is to evaluate the coal
fired combined cycle (CFCC) powerplant conceptual design, of the pressurized
fluidized bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
development program. The supporting development is required for evaluating the
pressurized fluidized bed combustion concept, for developing engineering
correlations to be used in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup, and the advanced gas
turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized fluidized
bed combustion. This report summarizes the CFCC commercial power plant and major
component conceptual design activities of the overall program preparatory to the
planned design review. The purpose of this activity was to establish a reference
configuration for evaluation through trade-off studies conducted parallel with the
design effort. A second more detailed plant design definition and costing phase is
planned following the design review, based upon a reference plant design either
confirmed or modified by the trade-off studies. Critical plant technology areas are
also being pursued as part of the overall program in parallel with the design and
trade-off tasks, including gas turbine materials, hot gas cleanup and pressurized
-------
fluidized bed boiler (PFBB) technology Certain of the test programs, especially
long-term materials testing, are not scheduled to be finished prior to completion of
the plant design activities; thus, further plant design updates based upon
completion of technology tests can be expected. Certain critical design assumptions,
specifically gas turbine materials life with respect to hot corrosion, cannot be
verified until the long-term test results are available and are subject to change
based upon test results. (ERA citation 04:048522)
70. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY--MARCH 1978. - 8001 FE-2357-25
NO-AUTHOR
Jul 78 44p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
Energy Systems Programs Dept. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400
Progress is reported in the development of a coal-fired combined cycle power plant
which uses steam produced in tubes within the f1uidized-bed combustor to drive the
steam turbine and combustion gases from the pressurized f1uidized-bed combustor to
drive the gas turbine. The reference plant configuration for the Design Review has
been defined. Specifically, a configuration that represents current development
hardware has been specified. Continuing combustor-steam generator configuration
studies have included evaluation of refractory lined pressure vessels and horizontal
pressure vessel, water wall lined. In the latter, a combined bed configuration
appears to provide substantial advantages. The test of shrouded hot gas ducting at
the size and temperature of the CFCC configuration was initiated. Initial results
are favorable. Small burner rig simulation testing continues with several materials
consistently showing strong performance. Process evaluation to verify that new
materials can be applied to turbine buckets, is proceeding. Materials performance
data on clad specimens is being evaluated and indicates reasonable success in this
area. Testing of the developmental cyclone is progressing at a slower pace than
anticipated due to test setup difficulties which are being overcome. The Aerodyne
cyclone, diagnostic probes, electrostatic charger and materials test section have
been shipped to CURL at Leatherhead, England. CURL has essentially completed
engineering design of the facility modification and actual implementation of the
modifications will now take place. (ERA citation 04:048521)
71. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER—DECEMBER 1977. - 8001
FE-2357-22
NO-AUTHOR
May 78 84p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
Energy Systems Programs Dept. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357 NTIS
PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF AO1 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400
Progress is reported in a research program whose objective is to evaluate the
coal-fired combined cycle (CFCC) power plant conceptual design, of the pressurized
f1uidized-bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
development program. The supporting development is required for evaluating the
pressurized f1uidized-bed combustion concept, for developing engineering
correlations to be used in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup, and the advanced gas
turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized
f1uidized-bed combustion. During this reporting period the following results were
obtained: evaluation of test results proceeded; particle size distribution down to 1
mu was developed based upon measured data. Included in this evaluation was a study
of different techniques for particle sizing. Chemical analysis of captured particles
was evaluated as a function of particle size, leading to the conclusion that the ash
tends to segregate in the small size end of the distribution while the spent and
unspent sorbent tends to concentrate in the larger sizes. Trace element analysis,
including lead, arsenic, selenium, beryllium, mercury antimony and cadmium were
completed for the CFCC design. In all cases, the ground level concentrations were
significantly below prevailing standards. Alternate combustor-steam generator
configurations were considered. Based upon accumulated exposure of 2800 hr in two
burner rig simulations, candidate material protection systems were selected for
exposure during future tests. The other actual PFB exposure program has completed
its 100 hr shakedown testing. (ERA citation 04:048520)
-------
72. MULTICELL FLUIDIZED-BED BOILER DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND TEST PROGRAM. INTERIM REPORT
JULY 1977--JUNE 1978. - 7924 FE-1237-78/4
Leon, I. w.; Claypoole, G.; Reed, R. R.; Gamble, R. L.; Wells, T G.
Nov 78 261p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Pope, Evans and Robbins, Inc., New York.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-1237 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A12/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- u7924 n0400
Design, construction, and test program of a 300,000 Ib/h steam generating capacity
multicell f 1 uidized-bed boiler (MFB), as a pollution free method of burning
high-sulfur or highly corrosive coals, is being carried out. The concept involves
burning fuels such as coal, in a fluidized-bed of limestone particles that react
with the sulfur compounds formed during combustion to reduce air pollution. Nitrogen
oxide emissions are also reduced at the lower combustion temperatures. The CaSO sub
4 produced in the furnace is discharged with the ash or regenerated to CaO for reuse
in the f1uidized-bed. Information is presented on: continued operation of the
Rivesville MFB steam generating plant in a commercial mode and for determining
performance and emission characteristics; studies and tests on fly ash
characterization and reinjection, fuel feed eductors and needles, air distributor,
corrosion—erosion and sulfur capture; engineering studies to improve MFB
performance and reliability (ERA citation 04:046357)
73. DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED COAL COMBUSTOR FOR
COGENERATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL COGENERATION PLANTS. - 7918
CONF-790305-4
Hoi comb, R. S.
1979 13p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7918
n0400
The Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor Program will develop the technology for
a fluidized bed coal combustion system to provide a source of high temperature air
for process heating and power generation with gas turbines in industrial plants. The
gas turbine has the advantages of a higher ratio of electric power output to exhaust
heat load and a higher exhaust temperature than do steam turbines in cogeneration
applications. The program is directed toward systems in the size range of 5 to 50
MW(e) and is sponsored by the Department of Energy. A study of industrial energy use
has been completed that indicates a large potential market for gas turbine
cogeneration systems. Conceptual design studies have been done for typical
industrial installations, and some of these results are presented. The conceptual
design of a 300 kW(e) test unit has been completed. A number of furnace design films
have been invited to submit their own designs for a 1500 kW(t) (5 x 10 exp 6 Btu/hr)
combustor, from which a final selection will be made. The design of the balance of
the test system will proceed in parallel with the combustor design. An engineering
design study has been completed by AiResearch Division of Garrett Corporation in
which the modifications required to adopt an existing AiResearch 831-200 gas turbine
to this cycle for both open and closed cycle operation were determined. Development
and testing have been conducted in the aeas of f1uidization, heat transfer, tube
corrosion, and coal feeding. Results from heat transfer, tube corrosion, and coal
feeding tests are presented. (ERA citation 04:033138)
74. STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A
TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT. - 7820 TID-28185
NO-AUTHOR
Jul 77 538p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Federal Power Commission, Washington, D.C.
NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A23/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u7820 n0300
The removal of sulfur compounds from the stack gases of coal-burning, electric power
plants has been a national issue for the past decade. Desulfurization of flue gases
by devices commonly referred to as ''scrubbers'' is a major approach to the problem
but their use has been the subject of continuing controversy. Still unresolved are
questions concerning their suitability for commercial utility operations, the
relative merits of one design over another, the feasibility and costs of sludge
disposal for ''throwaway'' systems, the outlook for improved, second generation
systems, and perhaps, most important, whether the complex chemistry and health
effects of airborne sulfur oxides are sufficiently well understood to be sure that
heavy investments in scrubbers will produce the desired results. Definitive answers
to these questions do not yet exist, yet decisions must be made. This report is
intended to be a basic reference and information source. The report does not attempt
to provide ultimate conclusions, although there are a number of specific findings
It is primarily a descriptive assessment. Alternative technologies fo~ meeting air
-------
pollution control regulations are discussed including: Use of low-sulfur, conforming
coal; coal washing; supplementary control systems and tall stacks; solvent-refined
coal; coal gasification and f1uidized-bed combustion. The potential of flue gas
desulfurization and these alternative technologies are discussed. Regulatory
pressures relative to the installation of scrubbers are the result of the
administrative and judicial implementations of the Clean Air Act. The financial
costs of scrubber installations are compared with the most commonly applicable
alternative: Burning western, low-sulfur coal (ERA citation 03:036669)
75. COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1977. - 7810 ORNL/TM-6066
NO-AUTHOR
Oct 77 65p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01 ISSUE OF
ORIGINATION- u7810 n0300
The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion process
development, materials engineering, alkali metal vapor topping cycles, a coal
equipment test facility, a fluidized bed combustor technology test unit, engineering
and support studies, process and program assistance, and environmental assessment
studies. In hydrocarbonization research, material balance results from Run HC-21
confirm earlier tests with Wyodak coal, showing an oil yield of 21% based on MAP
coal In the coal-sol vent-hydrogen mixing work, experiments were completed with the
Kenics mixer reactor and with the packed-bed reactor The fracture toughness
characterization of 25.4-cm-thick ASTM A543 Class 1 plate is in progress. In the
gas-fired potassium boiler project, we completed and leak-tested all of the
potassium piping for the system and made preparations for loading the drain tank
with potassium. The design work on the f1uidized-bed, alkali-metal-vapor cycle
system has been completed. In the engineering studies and evaluations project, work
was continued on process modeling, the preparation of a Synthetic Fuels Research
Digest, a survey of industrial coal conversion equipment capabilities, and studies
of flash hydropyrolysis, hot gas purification processes, processes for heat
recovery, and hydrogen production by the steam/molten iron process. In the process
and program analysis studies, studies were continued on low-Btu gasification, direct
combustion, advanced power conversion systems, liquefaction, high-Btu gasification,
in situ gasification, and coal beneficiation. The Environmental Monitoring Handbook
is being used extensively by contractors and their environmental subcontractors in
designing monitoring programs for the nation's first fossil demonstration plants.
(ERA citation 03:011442)
76. COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER
30 1977. - 7814 ORNL-5357
NO-AUTHOR
Jan 78 245p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-74O5-ENG-26 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A11 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
U7814 n03OO
An empirical correlation of recirculating f1uidized-bed behavior was developed and
tested successfully in the cold model and in the bench scale hydrocarbonizer
Pyrolysis experiments using blocks of eastern bituminous coals were continued.
Process and program analysis work continued with studies of low-Btu gasification,
direct combustion, advanced power conversion systems, liquefaction, high-Btu
gasification, in situ gasification, and beneficiation. Testing of several
fluidized-bed heat exchanger materials in the Fluidyne bed to 1000 hr has led to the
following tentative conclusions: high-nickel alloys are not recommended for the
conditions explored; ''hot corrosion'' mechanisms are responsible for a sulfidation
attack of high-nickel alloys; alloy 8OO and types 310, 304, and 306 stainless steels
have performed satisfactorily. Virtually all of the construction work on the
gas-fired potassium is scheduled. Research is continuing in an attempt to find the
origins of the catalytic activity of certain molten halides for reactions involving
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. New or refined analytical techniques have been
developed in support of requirements for testing the toxic nature of various gases,
liquids, and solids derived from coal and for evaluating the efficiency of
environmental control systems. Progress is reported on studies of the properties,
fate, and effects of coal conversion products and effluents in laboratory and field
environments and on the removal of phenols, trace elements, and PAH from wastewater.
(ERA citation 03:022808)
-------
77 MODIFICATIONS AND COSTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW SULFUR WESTERN COALS. 7815
CONF-771024-3
Reddy, G. N. ; Krohm, G. C.
1977 19p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab., Ill CONTRACT/GRANT
NUMBER- W-31-109-ENG-38 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7815
n0300
It thus appears that the conversion of existing boilers burning high sulfur
Midwestern coals to low-sulfur Western coals is not a simple matter The
difficulties of burning this fuel can be traced to the inherent problems of
operating the boiler outside of its designed operating limits. The operating
parameters that are affected by coal characteristics are summarized below. These
factors must be considered carefully when planning conversion of a power plant to
burn Western coal: Excessive dusting of coal enroute to power plant. Reduced
conveyor belt capacity (10-20%) Decreased pulverizer output (up to 35%) Loss of
boiler efficiency due to increased moisture (up to 30%) Water side scale buildup
due to decreased slagging. Increased fouling with high sodium coal. Larger dust
handling system requirements within the boiler Carbon carryover Decreased
electrostatic precipitators efficiency because of the decrease in sulfur trioxide
concentrations in the flue gases. Even though the scope of this paper does not
include a detailed evaluation of the reduction in electrostatic precipitator
collection efficiency, this has been identified as one of the major problems. Cost
of electricity generated per kWh may increase up to 51% depending upon the extent of
boiler modifications and increases in operating and maintenance costs. (ERA citation
03:021522)
78. HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM. TASK I.
MONTHLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 26 AUGUST 1--AUGUST 31 1977 7806
FE-1765-36
Cutrone, M. B.
15 Sep 77 52p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y.
Gas Turbine Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-1765 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF
A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7806 n0300
Considerable effort has been spent on the evaluation of deposit data obtained during
the recently completed nominal 500 ppM ash level initial liquid test. Examination of
deposits showed them to be fragile. However, approximately 20% plugging of cooling
holes occurred in the air-cooled nozzle leading edge simulation pins. Specimen
hardware and facility hardware preparations are nearing completion for confirmation
testing. Screening tests continued throughout the reporting period. A second alkali
conversion test (to determine the degree of conversion of insoluble alkali silicates
to soluble, corrosive sulfates) was attempted. Data will be reported next month.
(ERA citation 03:003174)
79. DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE. 7807
ERDA-TR-319
Jahkola, A.
1977 13p page(s) NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u7807
n0300
The development of fluidized bed combustion as well as the goals of development
projects for commercial generation of heat and electric power are reviewed. The
results show that it is unclear at this time which direction the development of the
fluidized bed combustion will take and what its future is in general The first
large-scale projects are now at a stage that will require a decision for the future.
Results obtained and preliminary calculations concerning the cost effectiveness of
fluidized bed combustion indicate that the process might become an economical,
environmentally acceptable system that will permit us to use poorer quality
inexpensive primary energy sources. (ERA citation 03:006557)
80 HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM. TASK 1.
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8 APRIL 1--JUNE 30 1977 7808 FE-1765-34
Cutrone, M. B.
15 Jul 77 75p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co , Schenectady, N Y.
Gas Turbine Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01 - 1765 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF
A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u7808 nOSOO
-------
Initial liquid tests resumed in May, 1977, using creosote oil doped with H-coal
sludge to 150 ppM ash level Fifty-nine hours of testing were successfully completed
at 1950 exp 0 F firing temperature. Examination of simulator components showed minor
deposits, some cooling hole plugging and the presence of alkali. Subsequently, 43h
of initial tests were completed with nominal 500 ppM ash level creosote fuel. The
test was aborted due to an overtemperature excursion caused by partial loss of
combustion air Hardware damage occurred. Repairs are near ing completion and testing
will resume in July. Although aborted, the test has provided a large quantity of
on-line data relating to ash deposition. Screening tests continued throughout the
quarter Preparations for confirmation testing continued with fabrication of test
hardware and initial checkout of the gasifier/cleanup system. (ERA citation
03:008274)
81. ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF ADVANCED STEAM POWER PLANT CYCLES UTILIZING
ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATION AND HEATING TASK I. FINAL REPORT. - 7720
EPRI-FP-317
Kight, S. W. Jr
Dec 76 184p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- United Engineers and Constructors, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa. NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO9/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u772O nOSOO
In pulverized coal fired boilers, an upper limit to attainable steam temperature is
imposed by the deposition of slagged ash and of corrosive material onto superheater
tubes. This corrosive material derives from mineral impurities in the coal which,
following heating from 2500 to 3000 exp 0 F in the flame, form complex salts some of
which are liquid above about 1200 exp OF. In a fluidized bed the maximum
temperature is about 1600 exp 0 F, which is low enough to inhibit formation of
corrodents and to prevent the melting of ash, so that these particular problems may
be avoided. On this basis, it has been suggested that the fluidized bed boiler might
open the way to more efficient steam cycles, using higher temperatures. This project
was initiated to see whether there were other factors, particularly in the steam
turbine, that would restrict the development of advanced steam plant using existing
or near future technology. The study shows that the fabrication of very large high
quality rotor forgings in ''super alloys'' suitable for high temperature service is
the major obstacle. This, and other problems are discussed in detail Steam
temperatures to 110O exp 0 F could be attained using stainless steel superheater
tubing and 1200 exp 0 F with nickel based alloys. This steam admission temperature
range could be utilized in a turbine with an alloy steel rotor provided that the
first stage nozzle temperature drop ensured a rotor admission temperature of 1100
exp 0 F Such a first stage arrangement would be relatively inefficient. Above 1200
exp 0 F the rotor would require a super alloy forging which at present could not be
made for units above 450 MW. (ERA citation 02:032279)
82. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. QUARTERLY PROGRESS
REPORT SECOND QUARTER FISCAL YEAR 1976. - 7626 FE-1514-45
Chamberlin, R. M.; Keairns, D. L.; Lancaster, B. W.; Pillsbury, P. W.; Salvador.
L. A.
15 Jan 76 141p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester,
Pa. Heat Transfer Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- E(49-18)- 1514 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC
A07/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7626 n0100
This program carries along in parallel all the analytical tasks and experiments
necessary to evolve a coal gasification system for electric power generation. The
devolati1izer/desulfurizer portion of the Process Development Unit has now operated
successfully on char and 2 types of bituminous coal Test facilities for developing
1ow-Btu gas burning combustors to be fitted, to large utility-type gas turbines are
now in operation. Feasibility of constructing combustors to fit the space envelope
of utility gas turbines has been established; refinement of the designs to better
deal with startup, turndown, dual-fuel operation and emissions control is under way.
Maximum economic potential of this process will be realized by cleaning the product
gas of particulates and trace contaminants at 1600 exp 0 F before burning in gas
turbine. Efforts both to define the required cleanliness and to assure removal of
particulates down to present fuel gas standards are as yet inconclusive. (ERA
citation 01:018433)
-------
83. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JUNE—DECEMBER 1974. - 7609 FE-1514-T-3
NO-AUTHOR
1974 382p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester, Pa
Heat Transfer Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- 14-32-0001-1514 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC
A17/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7609 n7509
The analytical tasks and experiments necessary to evolve a coal gasification system
for electric power generation have been carried out. A process development unit is
now complete and undergoing final subsystem operational tests. Test facilities for
developing low-Btu gas burning combustors to be fitted to large utility-type gas
turbines are now in operation. Feasibility of constructing combustors to fit the
space envelope of utility gas turbines has been established; refinement of the
designs to better deal with startup, turndown, dual-fuel operation, and emissions
control is under way Maximum economic potential of this process will be realized by
cleaning the product gas of particulates and trace contaminants at 1600 exp 0 F
before burning in a gas turbine. Efforts both to define the required cleanliness and
to assure removal of particulates down to present fuel gas standards are as yet
inconclusive. A conceptual design for a gasification plant embodying fluid bed
principles and sized to process coal for the largest commercially available utility
gas turbine is in preparation.
84. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY--APRIL 1975. 7609 FE-1514-T-6
NO-AUTHOR
1975 423p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester, Pa.
Heat Transfer Div. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- 14-32-OO01- 1514 NTIS PRICE(S)- PC
A18/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u7609 n7509
In this period engineering tests on the coal gasification pilot plant and fuel gas
studies (with respect to gas cleanup for gas turbine operation to avoid erosion,
corrosion, deposits, etc.) occupied the most attention. The initial engineering
tests showed the need for better measuring instruments and control equipment
(especially for the rather considerable changes required on start-up). Igniter and
thermocouple failures and burner problems required equipment and design changes.
Satisfactory, stable operation was not achieved and, in the initial start-up, an
explosion resulted from failure of the main flame to ignite and damaged the
refractory insulating liners. Fuel gas cleanup studies continued; to avoid tar which
fouls heat exchanger surfaces, to remove particulates which cause erosion in gas
turbine blades, and to minimize constituents which corrode metals or lead to
deposits. Embritt1ement of metals (by hydrogen) and carburization problems were
investigated. Various desulfurization processes were investigated. Finally, the cost
of coal and dolomite was studied (the conclusion was that future price changes were
difficult to predict). Many other detailed experimental results are discussed.
85. SURVEY OF TURBINE BUCKET EROSION DEPOSITS AND CORROSION. 7606 CONF-750301-1
Fraas, A . P
28p page(s) CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. NTIS PRICE(S)- PC
A03/MF A01 ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U76O6 n7501
For abstract, see ERA 75 01, number 00036.
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SUBJECT TERM INDEX
ABRASION
11 14 18 19 21 25 26 31 32 33 36
37 41 42
ABSORPTION
12
ACID RAIN
24 35 39 74
ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS
1 1
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
48
ADDITIVES
12
ADSORBENTS
12 59
AGGLOMERATION
45
AI AQUEOUS CARBONATE PROCESS
40
AIR HEATERS
55
AIR POLLUTION
52 76
AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT
30 72 74
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
3 10 14 29 39 40 47 68 69 70 71
74 75 77 79
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EOUIPMEN
12
AIRCRAFT
85
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
21 59
ALKALI METALS
26 75 76
ALLOYS
9 11 15 22 33 36 41
ALUMINIUM
2 19 35 36 37
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
2 13 42 48
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
11 14 17 18 19 23 24 28 31 32 41
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
2 19 21 25 28
AMMONIA
39 40 45
AMMONIUM SULFATES
74
ANALYSIS
58
ANLCENFE-80-24
59
ANTIMONY CHLORIDES
35
ARRHENIUS EQUATION
24 31
ART
51
ASH CONTENT
29
ASHES
66
ASSESSMENT
39 40 74
AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
14
AUSTENITE
5
AUSTENITIC STEELS
5911
AUTOMATION
60 61
AVAILABILITY
62
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
12 75 76
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
22 58
BINARY FLUIDS
7
BIODEGRADATION
24
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
39 74
BIOREACTORS
35
BITUMINOUS COAL
10
BMFT-FB-T-83-101
43
BOILERS
1 2 4 16 29 41 48 55 65 66 72 81
BOOK
46
BRAYTON CYCLE
54
BUILDING MATERIALS
37
BWR TYPE REACTORS
38 51
BY-PRODUCTS
40
CALCINATION
12
CALCITE
8
CALCIUM CARBONATES
12 45
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
12
CALCIUM HYDROXIDES
39 40 47 62
CALCIUM OXIDES
12 21 25
CALCIUM SULFATES
8
CALORIFIC
46
CALORIFIC VALUE
29 66 77
CARBIDES
25 26 41
CARBON
31 32 42
CARBON DIOXIDE
52
CARBON MONOXIDE
37 41 42 52 75 76
CARBON STEELS
8 62
CARBONIZATION
75 76
CASCADE IMPACTORS
84
CAST IRON
25 31 32 33 36 37 41 42
CAT-OX PROCESS
39 40
CATALYST SUPPORTS
1 1
CATALYSTS
9 11 14 61 74
-------
CATALYTIC COMBUSTORS
50
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
35
CAVITIES
41
CC9
42
CERAMICS
9 11 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 28 30 31 32 33 35 37 41
42 60 61 80
CERMETS
28
CESIUM
75
CHARPY TEST
23 25 26 75
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
24
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
11 17 28 31 32 43 46 47 68 72
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
35
CHEMICAL PREPARATION
14
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
5 66
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
12
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
21 26 46 60 61 74
CHEMICAL STATE
19
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
11 14 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 31
35
CHEMISTRY
35 46 47 60 61
CHLORIDES
48
CHLORINE
8
CHROMIUM
14 19 36
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
2 41
CHROMIUM OXIDES
2 21 25
CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS
11 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 31
32 33 35 36 37 41 42 48 49 56 60
61
CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS
14 81
CLADDING
36 42 48 60 61 75 76
CLAUS PROCESS
84
CLEAN AIR ACT
74
CLEANING
84
CLOSED-CYCLE SYSTEMS
20
CO-GENERATION
73
COAL
3 4 12 24 43 45 47 57 68 70 71
78 79 85
COAL DEPOSITS
29
COAL FINES
81
COAL GAS
80
COAL GASIFICATION
20 30 34 35 37 39 41 48 49 60 61
74 75 76 82 83 84
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
11 14 15 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25
26 28 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 41 42
48 49 76
COAL LIQUEFACTION
11 14 35 37 41 48 49 60 61 75 76
COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
11 14 15 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 26
28 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 41 42 48
49 60 61 76
COAL LIQUIDS
24 48 52 60 61 64 80
COAL MINING
42
COAL PREPARATION
39 40 60 66 74
COAL PREPARATION PLANTS
11 14 15 17 18 21 22 23 25 26 28
30 31 32 33 42 60 61
COAL TAR
84
COAL-FIRED GAS TURBINES
3 12
COATINGS
11 14 17 19 20 23 35 57 75
COBALT
19
COBALT SULFATES
23
COGENERATION
61
COMBINED CYCLES
84
COMBINED-CYCLE POWER PLANTS
1 6 7 20 52 53 57 68 69 70 71 75
COMBUSTION
20 24 34 45 82 83 85
COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
10 43
COMBUSTION KINETICS
4 10
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
3 12 52 54 64 68 69 71 78 80 81
COMBUSTION PROPERTIES
64
COMBUSTORS
1 2 9 12 52 64 78
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
6 7 20 24 29 39 40 67 73 74 75
76
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
911 14 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26
28 32 33 41 42
COMPRESSION STRENGTH
33
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY
11 14 17 18 19 21 23 25
CONF- 811191
51
CONF-811O61
49
CONF-880314-2
13
CONF-890437-13
8
CONSTRAINTS
29
CONSTRUCTION
53
CONT NO.- AC01-76ET10161
34
CONT NO.- AC01-76ET10501
54
CONT. NO.- AC05-840R21400
4911 13 14 15 17 18 19 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 35
36
-------
CDNT NO. AC21-76ET10417
53
CONT NO. AC21-79ET15457
57
CONT NO.- AC21-80ET15020
20
CONT NO.- AC21-S5MC22087
12
CONT NO. AI01-79ET14275
66
CONT NO. BMFT 0326335-B
7
CONT NO. EX-76-C-01-2357
68 69 70 71
CONT NO. FC21-83FE60181
29
CONT NO. W-31-109-ENG-38
59
CONT NO.- W-31109-ENG-38
8
CONT NO. W-74O5-ENG-26
37 41 42 56 60 61
CONTENT
46
CONTROL
45
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
46 53 84
CONTROL SYSTEMS
46
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES
18 25
COOLANT LOOPS
6 7
COPPER BASE ALLOYS
17 28
CORRELATIONS
24 66 76
CORROSION
1234567891011121314
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85
CORROSION RESISTANCE
11 24 26 41 48 49
CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS
27
CORROSIVE EFFECTS
18 19 21 23 25 26 31 33 36 37 41
42 48 54 62 80
COST
6 7 20 74
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
66
COST EFFECTIVENESS
79
COVER GAS
6 7
CRACK PROPAGATION
17 21 23 25 36
CRACKS
17 26
CREEP
5 11 14 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27
28 31 32 33 35 36 37 41 42 48
CW-WR-76-015.47A, FE-1726-47A
53
CYCLONE SEPARATORS
20 53
DAMAGE
24
DATA ANALYSIS
66
DECOMPOSITION
8
DEFECTS
11 14 18 19 21 23 25 26 31
DEFORMATION
32 33 36 41 42
DEMONSTRATION PLANTS
60 61
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
53
DENITRIFICATION
10
DENSITY
60 61
DEPOSITION
78 84
DEPOSITS
6 7 12 20 29 77
DESIGN
20 37 39 41 47 48 50 68 71 82
DESIGN CRITERIA
77
DESULFURIZATION
16 34 43 60 61 63 67 82 83
DETECTION
21
DEVELOPMENT
50
DEW POINT
45
DIAGRAMS
69 70 73
DIESEL ENGINES
30
DISLOCATIONS
13
DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT
30
DOEET10161-T1, FE-1514-38
34
DOEET15020-1908-V.2
2O
DOEET15457-160
57
DOEFE-0176P
3
DOEFE60181-148, CONF-850565-4
29
DOEMC22087-2543
12
DOLOMITE
12 82 83
DUCTILITY
11 14 21 23
DUSTS
77 85
E I
51
E T
71
EAS
55
ECONOMICS
39 42 74 76 81 82 83
EDB/010400
9
EDB/010402
3
EDB/0104O4
4
EDB/010600
4
EDB/010800
3
EDB/014000
1 2
EDB/200102
6
-------
EDB/200104
2 9
EDB/200202
3
EDB/200600
4
EDB/296000
4
EDB/3O0500
9
EDB/300502
3
EDB/3307OO
3
EDB/360100
1 9
EDB/360103
5
EDB/3601O5
2 5
EDB/360200
1 9
EDB/360600
9
EDB/425002
6
EFF
44
EFFICIENCY
6 7 20 46 66 84
ELASTICITY
23
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
11 18 19 21 23 25 28 31 45
ELECTRIC POWER
16 27 34 82
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
68 69 70 71 72 73 81
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
4
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
41
ELECTRODES
11 18 1921 26 28 31 32 36
ELECTRON BEAM WELDING
24 30
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
11 31
ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS
19 21 23 25 31
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
11 18 19 31 33
ELECTROSLAG CASTING
24 35 48
ELECTROSLAG WELDING
30 31 32 33 36 37 41 42 48
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
45 66 77
ELONGATION
14 19 25 37
EMBRITTLEMENT
48
EMISSION
20 45
ENERGY SOURCES
85
ENERGY SUPPLIES
16
ENT
50
ENTRAINMENT
12
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
24 52 64 74 76
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
24
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
4
EPIDEMIOLOGY
39
EPO
35
EPRI
27
EPRI-CS-1927
55
EPRI-CS-3184
44
EPRI-RD-2282-SR, CONF-810170
51
EQUIPMENT
46 60
ER
49
EROSION
8 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 21 22 23
24 25 26 28 29 3O 31 32 33 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 57 58 65 67
68 69 71 82 83
EUROPE
79
EVALUATION
76
EVAPORATORS
8
EXHAUST GASES
52 59
EXHAUST RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS
10
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
12 19 20 24 28 31 32 33 35 36 41
42 45 46 48 52 53 54 55 59 60 61
62 64 65 67 68 69 70 71 72
EXXON LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
60
FABRICATION
9 11 18 1921 23 24 25 26 28 31
32 33 41 42
FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS
18 21 23 24 41 49 55 58 76
FAILURES
14 38
FATIGUE
17 18 21 25 26 32 33 36 37 41 42
48
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
81 82
FEEDWATER HEATERS
44 58
FIBERS
23 26
FILTERS
14 17 18
FINLAND
79
FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
60 61
FLAMES
10
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
11 19 23
FLOTATION
60
FLOW RATE
43 68
FLOWSHEETS
27 39 40 46 74
FLUE GAS
10 16 17 39 40 46 47 57 60 61 62
63 67 72 74 79 82
FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION
47
FLUIDIZATION
73
FLUIDIZED BED
34 76 82 83
-------
FLUIDIZED BEDS
12
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
3 12 16 24 29 39 43 59 61 68 69
70 71 73 74 79 81
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS
1 8 11 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 23
25 26 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 48 49
53 57 59 61 68 69 70 71 72 73 75
76 79
FLUORIDES
48
FLY ASH
39 40 45 72
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY
5 6 7 10 16 43
FORESTS
24
FORMATION FREE ENERGY
48
FOSSIL FUELS
9 16 21 33
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
1234567891011121314
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85
FOULING
43 45 55 66
FRACTURE PROPERTIES
11 14 17 18 19 21 23 25 26 31 32
33 36 37 41 42 48 49 61 75
FRACTURES
11 21
FUEL CELLS
3 9 11 14 15 18 19 21 22 23 25
26 30 31 36 37 48
FUEL ECONOMY
20
FUEL FEEDING SYSTEMS
73 76
FUEL GAS
75 76 83 84
FUEL OILS
45
FUEL SLURRIES
25 61
FUEL SUBSTITUTION
52 64 77
FUEL SUPPLIES
24 35
FUEL-AIR RATIO
10 12 43
FULL
39
FURNACE
79
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
24
GAS COMPRESSORS
76
GAS TUNGSTEN-ARC WELDING
30
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS
20 52 64
GAS TURBINES
9 20 34 43 50 52 53 57 59 64 68
69 70 71 73 75 78 80 82 83 84 85
GASEOUS WASTES
64
GASES
24
GASIFICATION
4
GENERATION
82 84
GLASS
1 1
GRAIN SIZE
18 19
GRAPHS
68 71 72
GRINDING
10 60
GROWTH
41
GYPSUM
74
H-COAL PROCESS
35 60 76
HAFNIUM
2
HARDNESS
13 21 25
HAYNES STELLITE 6B
41
HEAT AFFECTED ZONE
17 18 19 21 23 25 26 31 33 37
HEAT ENGINES
15 17 21 22 25 26 28 30 31 33 35
36 37 48
HEAT EXCHANGERS
20 21 24 26 28 30 32 33 36 37 41
42 48 53 58 60 61 84
HEAT PIPES
75
HEAT RECOVERY
30 75 76
HEAT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
15 21 22 25 26 31 33 35 36 37 41
48
HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
27
HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS
27 80
HEAT TRANSFER
20 43 73
HEAT TREATMENTS
26 28 33 41 42 48
HEATERS
44 58 67
HEATING
13 67
HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION
60
HEIGHT
39
HIGH BTU GAS
76
HIGH PRESSURE
81
HIGH SULFUR COAL
72
HIGH TEMPERATURE
5 43
HOT GAS CLEANUP
3 12 14 17 30 53 59
HOT PRESSING
28
HYDROCARBONS
52 64 75 76
HYDROGEN
11 14 17 18 21 23 25 26 28 31 32
33 36 37 41 42 48 76
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
75 76
HYDROGEN SULFIDES
12 19
HYDROGEN TRANSFER
60
HYDROGENATION
24 75 76
-------
IMPACT SHOCK
13
IMPACT TESTS
13
IMPLEMENTATION
4
IN-SITU GASIFICATION
76
INCOLOY ALLOYS
54
INCOLOY 800
18 23 27 37 43 56
INCOLOY 800H
17
INCONEL ALLOYS
54
INCONEL 617
27 56
INDIA
4
INDIUM OXIDES
18 21 23 25
INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
11 17 18 19 21 23 26 65
INFORMATION NEEDS
15
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
24
INIS-MF-10706, CONF-8605275
16
INSPECTION
16 75 76
INSTITUTE
38
INTERATOM-TB-52.O6987.3
6 7
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
11 14 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 31
32 33 35 36 37 41 42 48
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
4 24
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
24
ION BEAMS
1 1
ION IMPLANTATION
24
IRON
11 14 35 36 37
IRON ALLOYS
48
IRON BASE ALLOYS
2 17 42
IRON COMPOUNDS
11 17 18 1921 23 24 25 26 28 31
32 41
IRON OXIDES
8 21
ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE
60
JETS
41
JOINING
14
JOINTS
11 17 20 23
JVU8814 N1300
14
JVU8816 N130O
13
JVU8902 N1300
12
JVU8904 N13OO
1 1
JVU8906 N13OO
10
JVU9O03 NOOOO
9
JVU9010 NOOOO
8
JVU9012 V9003
7
JVU9013 N9024
6
JVU9019 N9033
5
JVU9019 N9035
4
JVU9020 N9037
3
LASERS
1 1
LEACHATES
24
LEACHING
24
LEADING ABSTRACT
16 49
LEGISLATION
74
LIFETIME
16
LIGNITE
24 29
LIME-LIMESTONE WET SCRUBBING P
46 62 63
LIMESTONE
12 39 40 43
LINERS
62
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
24
LIQUID FUELS
35 78
LITHIUM CARBONATES
36
LOAD MANAGEMENT
4
LOW BTU GAS
34 75 76 82 83
MAGNESIUM
31 32
MAGNESIUM CARBONATES
12
MAGNESIUM OXIDES
21 25 39 40 45 60
MAGNESIUM SLURRY SCRUBBING PRO
40
MAGNETIC SEPARATORS
6O 61
MAINTENANCE
85
MANGANESE
2
MANGANESE OXIDES
45
MANUALS
46 47
MANUFACTURERS
24
MARKET
3 29 74
MATERIAL BALANCE
35 47
MATERIALS
1 6 7 24 35 50
MATERIALS HANDLING
47 77
MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT
42 53
MATERIALS TESTING
11 14 15 17 18 20 23 26 27 41 49
57 60 61 68 69 70 71 80
MATERIALS TESTS
30
-------
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
24 35 60 61 76
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
13 47 84
MEASURING METHODS
37 61
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
15911 13 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
25 26 32 33 37 41 42 48
MECHANICAL TESTS
11 1931
MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
58
MEETINGS
4 16 49 51
MELTING
21
MELTING POINTS
66
MEMBRANES
18 21 24
METALLOGRAPHY
11 14 17 18 19 20 23 25 26 31 32
33 36 37 41 42 48 76
METALLURGICAL EFFECTS
2 9 11 14 17 18 23 25 26 28 31
32 33 36 37 41 42 48 65
METALS
28
MHD GENERATORS
1 15 21 22 30 37 41
MICROSTRUCTURE
2 8 9 13 14
MILLING
16
MINING EQUIPMENT
42
MIXING
76
MOISTURE
29 66
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
17 18 19 23 26 28 30 31 32 33 36
37 41
MOLTEN SALTS
18 19 23
MOTORS
85
NICKEL
14 19 35 36 37
NICKEL ALLOYS
2 48
NICKEL BASE ALLOYS
42
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
14 17 18 19 23 25 26 28 31 32 41
NIMONIC
54
NIOBIUM ADDITIONS
5
NITRIDATION
14 18
NITROGEN
31 32
NITROGEN OXIDES
3 10 29 52 64
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
9 14 15 17 18 19 23 25 26 30 31
32 33 37 41 42 65 76
NOZZLES
62 78
NP-8770295
10
NTISDE
59 60 61
NTISDEP
52
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
14 17 18 19 23
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
16 38 51
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB., TN
13
OIL SHALE PROCESSING PLANTS
22
OIL SHALES
30
OL
54
OPERATING COST
66
OPERATION
4 20 43 79
OPTIMIZATION
10
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
60 75 76
ORNL
30
ORNL-5771
56
ORNL-6056
35
ORNL-6264
24
ORNLFMP-83-3
41
ORNLFMP-832
42
ORNLFMP-834
37
ORNLFMP-842
36
ORNLFMP-843
33
ORNLFMP-844
32
ORNLFMP-851
31
ORNLFMP-852
28
ORNLFMP-853
26
ORNLFMP-854
25
ORNLFMP-861
23
ORNLFMP-862
21
ORNLFMP-863
19
ORNLFMP-864
18
ORNLFMP-865
22
ORNLFMP-871
17
ORNLFMP-872
14
ORNLFMP-881
1 1
ORNLFMP-891
9
ORNLFTR-3594
4
ORNLTM-10242
15
ORNLTM-9328
30
ORNLTM-9735
27
OUTAGES
55 65 66
OXIDATION
9 46 61 74
-------
OXIDES
17
OXYGEN
14 17 19 23 25 31 32 61
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
20
PARTIAL PRESSURE
19 23 31
PARTICLE SIZE
12 26 29 31 68
PARTICLES
82 83 84
PARTICULATES
3 12 14 17 41
PERFORMANCE
38 50 51 59 81
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
77
PERFORMANCE TESTING
4 20 53 68 69 70 71 72 78 79 82
83
PHASE DIAGRAMS
25 33 37
PHASE STABILITY
36
PHASE STUDIES
9 26 28 32
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
33
PHENOL
61
PHOSPHATE PROCESS
40
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
13 60 61 66
PILOT PLANTS
53 67 83 84
PIPES
30 60 61 62 76
PL
59
PLANNING
15 30
PLANTS
66 73
PLUMES
45
POLLUTION ABATEMENT
16
POLLUTION CONTROL
35
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
70
POLLUTION REGULATIONS
74
POTASSIUM
19
POTASSIUM CARBONATES
36
POWER
53
POWER GENERATION
6 7 16 27 34 73 77 82
PRASEODYMIUM OXIDES
18
PREHEATERS
55
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
61 81
PRESSURE DROP
20
PRESSURE EFFECTS
12
PRESSURE VESSELS
14 18 26 28 30 31 32 33 35 36 37
42 48 60 61 75 76
PROCEEDINGS
16
PROCESS COMPUTERS
43
PROCESS CONTROL
46 47
PROCESS HEAT
43 73
PRODUCTION
83
PROGRAM
35 70 78 8O
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
3
PROGRESS REPORT
2 9 10 12 14
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
2 18 3O 62 76
PUMPS
6 7 61 62 75
PURIFICATION
76
PWR TYPE REACTORS
38 44 51
PYROLYSIS
75
QUANTITY RATIO
39 45
QUINONES
60 61
RAC
74
RAILWAYS
85
RAMAN SPECTRA
33
RANKINE CYCLE
6 7 54
REACTOR MATERIALS
44
RECOMMENDATIONS
20 27 65
RECOVERY
35 74
RECYCLING
59 60
REDUCTION
10
REFRACTORIES
14 15 22 26 28 3O 31 32 33 36 37
42
REFRACTORY METALS
80
REGENERATION
59 83
REGULATIONS
47
REINFORCED MATERIALS
14 26 31
RELIABILITY
4 45
REMOVAL
39 47 62 84
REPORT
44 47 58 64 65 81
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
3 6 7 9 15 28 32 34 36 43 50 68
69 70 71 72 78 80 82
RESIDUAL STRESSES
26 37
RESIDUES
75 76
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
4
RESPONSE FUNCTIONS
13
RETROFITTING
75 76 77
REVIEWS
29 39 79
-------
RHEOLOGY
60 61
RISK ASSESSMENT
29
SAFETY
16
SCALERS
9
SCALING
2 5 40
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
13 28 32 36
SCRUBBERS
46 47 60 62 63 67
SENSITIVITY
29
SERVICE LIFE
4
SES
60
SHALE OIL
52
SHALE OIL FRACTIONS
64
SHELL-UOP COPPER OXIDE PROCESS
40
SILICON
2 32 42
SILICON CARBIDES
32 35 36 37 42
SINTERING
12
SLAGS
16 36 45 66 77
SLUDGES
39 47 74
SODIUM
29
SODIUM CARBONATES
39 40
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
39
SOLID WASTES
76
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL
39
SOOT
45
SORBENT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
59
SORPTION
12
SORPTIVE PROPERTIES
12
SPECIFICATIONS
46 69
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
77
SPRAYED COATINGS
50
SRC PROCESS
35 60 61
SRC-II PROCESS
60
STABILIZATION
39
STACK DISPOSAL
39
STAINLESS STEEL-304
56
STAINLESS STEEL-310
13
STAINLESS STEEL-316
27 62 81
STAINLESS STEELS
27 42 48 54
STATES
39 40 74
STEAG-KRAFTWERKSBETRIEBSGESELL
10
STEAM CONDENSERS
38 51
STEAM GENERATORS
6 7 27 56 79
STEAM LINES
6 7
STEAM TURBINES
4 27 48 53 68 69 70 71 81
STEAM-IRON PROCESS
75 76
STEELS
28 36 42 44 48 75
STORAGE
77
STRAIN HARDENING
13
STRESS ANALYSIS
28 50
STRESS CORROSION
61
STRESSES
36 48
STRUCTURAL MODELS
35
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
29 34
SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
35
SUBSTITUTES
74
SULFATES
39 74
SULFIDATION
2 9 61
SULFITES
46
SULFUR
35 45 83 84
SULFUR CONTENT
12 29
SULFUR DIOXIDE
3 12 39 40 46 47 62 74
SULFUR TRIOXIDE
45
SULFURIC ACID
39 45 74
SUPERHEATERS
1 27 81
SUR
67
SURFACE CONTAMINATION
84
SURFACES
8
SVF-356
5
SYNTHESIS
35 42
SYNTHESIS GAS
34
SYNTHETIC FUELS
52 64 78 80
TABLES
67 68 69 70 71 72
TASK
68 69
TE
61
TEC
28
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
4 15 22 28 30 35 39 40 48 74
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
9 15 22 28 3O 48
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
1 35 42 43 48 61 81
-------
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
61 66
TENSILE PROPERTIES
35
TEST FACILITIES
4 13 42 57
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
60 61
THERMAL EFFICIENCY
58
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
4
THERMAL SHOCK
13 42
THERMOCHEMICAL DIAGRAMS
42
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES
81
TIC
72
TIS-6105
54
TOPPING CYCLES
75
TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
85
TRANSLATIONS
79
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCO
28
TRAVEL
4
TUBES
9 56 58 81
TURBINE BLADES
50 57 59
TURBINES
75
ULTRASONIC TESTING
65
UNITS
46
US DOE
3 15 30
USA
29 39 40 74 79
VACUUM SYSTEMS
6 7
VALUES
35
VALVES
27 30 60 61 75 76
VANADIUM
45
VAPOR GENERATORS
16
VARIATIONS
4
VELOCITY
43
VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE
50 57 81
VISCOSITY
45 66
W-L SULFUR DIOXIDE RECOVERY PR
39 40
WASTE DISPOSAL
39 47 74 76
WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
76
WASTE WATER
35
WATER CHEMISTRY
56
WATER TREATMENT
35
WEAR
28 42
WELDED JOINTS
48
WELDING
28 35 48 60 61 75
WELDING FLUXES
48
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
28
YIELD STRENGTH
35
YPE
56
YTTRIUM
2
YTTRIUM OXIDES
2
ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESS
6 7
-------
29
-------
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phosphates, sulfites, chelants, chloride, and ammonia is discussed. Reverse osmosis
demineralizers are examined. Electrolytic and magnetic treatments are also described.
Boiler design and efficiency is discussed in a separate bibliography (Contains a
minimum of 225 citations fully indexed with a title list.)
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