NOO8649001
                                                     PB93-857886
                           Citations from  the
                      NTIS Bibliographic Database
      Boiler and  Steam Generator Corrosion:  Fossil Fuel Power Plants
                          ( Mar 76   Present  )
                       US  ENVIRO PROTECTION AGENCY
                           BARBARA MACKINNON
                        RETION VII INFO RES CTR
                           726 MINNESOTA AVE
                          KANSAS CITY KS  66101
                           273-002
                                         1-ONE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service

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and may not be reproduced without the written permission of NERAC,
Inc.  and the database producer

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 Title	Assessment of High-Speed Rail  Safety  Issues  and
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 Order No.	PB92-129212
 Author	Bing,  A.  J.
 Corporate	CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Federal  Railroad  Administration,
 Author       Washington, DC.  Office  of  Research  and Development.
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 Abstract	The objectives of  the study were to  provide  the
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Citation   Number	50

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Stress Corrosion of Stainless  Steel  (Jan  88   Present)

INSPEC
ORDER NUMBER PB93-85 1 772/RPS

      The bibliography contains  citations  concerning the stress corrosion behavior of
austenitic and stainless steels.  Fatigue  and cracking characterization,  corrosion
mechanism studies, and test methods used to study crack initiation and fracture are
discussed.  The effects  of high  salt concentration solutions  and high temperature
environments on stress corrosion  are also  considered.   Corrosion problems in nuclear
power plants are presented.   (Contains 250 citations fully indexed with a title list.)


Steam Generators:  Water  Chemistry Effects  (Jul 89 - Present)

ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  (DOE)
ORDER NUMBER PB93-869782/RPS

      The bibliography contains citations concerning steam generator corrosion due to
water chemistry effects.  Water chemistry control methods,  chemical  impurity monitoring,
chemical  processing techniques, and water  treatment  are discussed.  Corrosion resistance
materials and steam generator  design technology for  corrosion prevention  are considered.
 (Contains 250 citations fully indexed with a title  list.)


Boiler Water Treatment  (Mar 83 - Present)

Engineering Index
ORDER NUMBER PB93-866895/RPS

      The bibliography contains citations concerning the treatment of water used in
boilers and steam  generators to prevent corrosion.   Chemical  conditioning using
phosphates,  sulfites,  chelants, chloride, and ammonia  is discussed.   Reverse osmosis
demineralizers are examined.    Electrolytic and magnetic treatments are also described.
Boiler design and  efficiency is discussed  in a separate bibliography. (Contains a
minimum of 225 citations fully indexed with a title  list.)

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                      BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
                                                   PB93-857886

Boiler and Steam Generator Corrosion: Fossil Fuel  Power Plants  ( Mar 76   Present )

Citations from the NTIS  Bibliographic Database

dan 93

National  Technical  Information  Service, Springfield,  VA

Report Period Covered: Mar 76   Present

Supersedes PB90-867003

The bibliography contains citations concerning corrosion effects, mechanisms, detection
and inhibition in fossil  fuel fired boilers.  Fluidized bed  combustors and coal
gasification are included  in the applications.  The citations examine hot corrosion,
thermal mechanical  degradation, and intergranular oxidation  corrosion studies performed
on the water side and  hot gas side of heat exchanger tubes and  support structures.
Coatings  and treatment of material to  inhibit corrosion are  discussed.  Corrosion
affecting nuclear powered steam generators is examined in a  separate bibliography
(Contains 85 citations fully indexed with a title list.)

Price Code:   PC N01  MF  N01

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                                       TITLE LIST
                                       TITLE

1.     Materials performance in advanced combustion systems.

2.     Effects of minor alloying additions on the formation of protective scales under
      sul_fidizing conditions at 700C.  Final  report.

3.     COAL-BASED GAS STREAM CLEANUP PROGRAM. FISCAL YEAR 1990 SUMMARY PROGRAM PLAN.

4.     DESIGN OF THE FUEL EVALUATION TEST FACILITY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN
      COALS. FOREIGN TRIP REPORT MARCH 3-APRIL 5 1990.

5.     ERFARENHET AV AUSTENITISKA MATERIAL I  FOSSILELDADE AANGPANNOR.  (EXPERIENCE OF
      AUSTENITIC MATERIALS IN FOSSIL-FUEL BOILERS).

6.     ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPR02ESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
      KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW(SUB EL) BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A
      BINARY-STEAM-PROCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300
      MWEL BRC (BINARY RANKINE CYCLE)  POWER  PLANT).

7.     ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF .
      KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW SUB EL BRC-KRAFTWERKES. (DEVELOPMENT OF A
      BINARY-STEAM-PROCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300
      MW SUB EL BRC (BINARY RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT).

8.     METAL WASTAGE ANALYSIS OF CARBON STEEL TUBES IN FBC ENVIRONMENT.

9.     ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
      SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1989.

10.   NO(SUB X)-REDUCTION TESTS ON COAL-FIRED SLAG-TAP FURNACE WITH MULTIPLE OVER  FIRE
      AIR BURNERS. FINAL REPORT.

11.   ARANDTD'FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
      ENDING MARCH 31  1988.

12. '  LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SULFUR REMOVAL SORBENTS FOR DIRECT
      COAL-FIRED TURBINES: FINAL REPORT.

13.   RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS TO EROSIVE PARTICLE IMPACTS.

14.   AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1987.

15.   ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM
      IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS  1987 THROUGH 1991.

16.   SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON THERMAL ENERGY  'YUGOSLAVIA  1986' HELD AT BLED YUGOSLAVIA ON
      14 MAY 1986. PROCEEDINGS.

17.   AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31  1987.

18.   AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1986.

19.   AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30 1986.

20.   PRIMARY HEATER MODULE (EXTENSION) PHASE 2. FINAL  REPORT JANUARY  1984-MARCH  1985.
      VOLUME 2 RI/RD85-184.

21.   AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31  1986.

22.   CONSOLIDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE  ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
      DEVELOPMENT  (AR  AND TD) FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM OCTOBER  1 1979-APRIL 30
      1986.

23.   FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
      DECEMBER 31  1985.

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24.    FOSSIL ENERGY  PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT  FOR  THE  PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31
      1985 .

25.    AR AND TD  FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  SEPTEMBER 30 1985.

26.    AR AND TD  FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  JUNE  30 1985.

27    ASSESSMENT  OF  MATERIALS NEEDS FOR ADVANCED STEAM  CYCLE  COAL-FIRED PLANTS.

28.    FOSSIL ENERGY  MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT  FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
      MARCH 31  1985.

29.    FBC: AN  ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR BURNING
      LOW-RANK  COAL.

30.    FOSSIL ENERGY  MATERIALS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION  PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1985 THROUGH
      1989 .

31    AR AND TD  FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  DECEMBER 31 1984.

32.    AR AND TD  FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  SEPTEMBER 30 1984.

33.    ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT  FOSSIL ENERGY  MATERIALS PROGRAM.
      QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT ENDING JUNE 30  1984.

34.    ADVANCED COAL  GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC  POWER  GENERATION.  MONTHLY PROGRESS
      REPORT SEPTEMBER  1975.

35.    FOSSIL ENERGY  PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT  FOR  THE  PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31
      1984 .

36.    AR AND TD FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  MARCH 31 1984.

37    ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT  FOSSIL ENERGY  MATERIALS PROGRAM.
      QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE PERIOD  ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1983.

38.    EPRI  (ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE)  CONDENSER-RELATED  RESEARCH PROJECTS.

39.    STATUS OF  FLUE GAS  DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE  UNITED  STATES:  A
      TECHNOLOGICAL  ASSESSMENT  REPORT IN FULL.

40.    STATUS OF  FLUE GAS  DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE  UNITED  STATES:  A
      TECHNOLOGICAL  ASSESSMENT  HIGHLIGHTS.

41.    FOSSIL-ENERGY-MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT  FOR THE PERIOD ENDING
      JUNE  30  1983.

42.    AR AND TD  FOSSIL-ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  MARCH 31 1983.

43.    DESIGN OF  A GAS TURBINE PILOT PLANT WITH  A COAL-BURNING PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
      COMBUSTOR  AND  ACCOMPANYING EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS.

44.    CORROSION-RELATED FAILURES IN FEEDWATER HEATERS.  FINAL  REPORT

45.    ELECTRIC UTILITY  USE OF FIRESIDE ADDITIVES.  FINAL REPORT

46.    LIMESTONE  FGD  SYSTEMS DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT (25 UNITS:  LOCATION CAPACITY
      INSTALLATION DATA COAL (CALORIFIC VALUE ASH  SULFUR CONTENT) PARTICULATE CONTROL
      SYSTEM AND  DESIGN EFFICIENCY)

47    LIME  FGD SYSTEMS  DATA BOOK. FINAL REPORT

48.    AR AND TD  FOSSIL  ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE
      PERIOD ENDING  DECEMBER 31 1982.

49.    MATERIALS  FOR  COAL  CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION.

50.    CERAMIC  TURBINE COMPONENTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

51    PREVENTION OF  CONDENSER FAILURES: THE STATE  OF  THE ART

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 52.    GAS  TURBINE  COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS.

 53.    ENGINEER  DESIGN CONSTRUCT TEST AND EVALUATE A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
       PLANT  USING  HIGH-SULFUR COAL FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER: PHASE I PRtLlMlNAK
       ENGINEERING  PHASE II  FINAL DESIGN. ANNUAL REPORT MARCH 1 1978-FEBRUARY 2B  n»/».


 54.    EVALUATION OF  BOILER-TUBE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED POWER CYCLES.

 55.    FAILURE-CAUSE  ANALYSIS: AIR PREHEATERS. FINAL REPORT

 56.    LONG-TERM OXIDATION OF SELECTED ALLOYS IN SUPERHEATED STEAM AT 482 AND 538  EXP  0
       C.

 57     LONG-TERM MATERIALS-TEST PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT AND QUALIFICATION TEST PLAN
       OCTOBER 1979-SEPTEMBER 1980.

 58.    FAILURE-CAUSE  ANALYSIS: FEEDWATER HEATERS.  FINAL REPORT

 59.    ALKALI METAL VAPOR REMOVAL FROM PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR FLUE GAS:
       ACTIVATED BAUXITE SDRBENT REGENERATION. QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER-DECEMBER  1980.


 6O.    FOSSIL-ENERGY  PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 1981

 61.    FOSSIL ENERGY  PROGRAM. PROGRESS REPORT FOR  JANUARY 1981

 62.    CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. VOLUME 2. FINAL REPORT

 63.    CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. FINAL REPORT

 64.    GAS  TURBINE  COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS. FINAL REPORT.

 65.    ASSESSMENT OF  CURRENT NDI TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE LOCATION AND  EXTENT
       OF  FOSSIL-FIRED BOILER TUBE DAMAGE. FINAL REPORT.

 66.    EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE  PERFORMANCE OF  TVA
       POWER  PLANTS.  PART 1   APPROACH AND SOME EARLY RESULTS.

 67     REHEAT STUDY AND THE  CORROSION—EROSION TESTS AT TVA ' S COLBERT PILOT PLANT

 68.    CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. HOT GAS CLEAN-UP  EFFLUX CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMMERCIAL
       PLANT  (TASK  4.1.1)

 69.    CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. COMMERCIAL PLANT  DESIGN DEFINITION  (TASK 1.2).

 70.    CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT  JANUARY--MARCH 1978.

 71.    CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. QUARTERLY REPORT  OCTOBER--DECEMBER  1977

 72.    MULTICELL FLUIDIZED-BED BOILER DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND TEST PROGRAM. INTERIM
       REPORT JULY  1977--JUNE 1978.

 73.    DEVELOPMENT  PROGRESS  ON THE ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED COAL COMBUSTOR FOR
       COGENERATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL COGENERATION PLANTS.

 74.    STATUS OF FLUE  GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES:  A
       TECHNOLOGICAL  ASSESSMENT

 75.    COAL TECHNOLOGY  PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1977

 76.    COAL TECHNOLOGY  PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER
       30 1977

 77     MODIFICATIONS  AND COSTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW SULFUR WESTERN COALS.

 78.    HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS  TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM.  TASK I.
       MONTHLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 26 AUGUST 1--AUGUST 31  1977.

 79.    DEVELOPMENT  PROGRESS  AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE.

80.    HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS  TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM.  TASK 1.
       QUARTERLY  TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT NO. 8 APRIL 1--JUNE 30 1977

81     ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF ADVANCED STEAM POWER PLANT  ^
       ATMOSPHERIC  FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATION  AND HEATING TASK  I.
    UTILIZING
FINAL REPORT.

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82.   ADVANCED  COAL  GASIFICATION SYSTEM  FOR  ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. QUARTERLY
      PROGRESS  REPORT  SECOND QUARTER FISCAL  YEAR  1976.

83.   ADVANCED  COAL  GASIFICATION SYSTEM  FOR  ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY  PROGRESS
      REPORTS  FOR  THE  PERIOD JUNE—DECEMBER  1974.

84.   ADVANCED  COAL  GASIFICATION SYSTEM  FOR  ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY  PROGRESS
      REPORTS  FOR  THE  PERIOD JANUARY--APRIL  1975.

85.   SURVEY OF TURBINE BUCKET EROSION DEPOSITS AND CORROSION.

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                                         CITATIONS
 1.  Materials  performance  in  advanced combustion  systems.  - 93-18    DE9301O6B4

    Natesan, K.

    12p   Dec  92   CORPORATE  AUTHOR- Argonne National  Lab., IL. Materials  and Components
    Technology Div     SPONSOR-  Department of Energy, Washington, DC.    CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER-  Contract  W-31109-ENG-38   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ANL/MCT/CP-78794CONF-93O502-5
    NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC A03;  MF  A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- ASME international  gas
    turbine  and aeroengine  congress and exhibition (38th), Cincinnati,  OH  (United
    States), 24-27  May 1993.  Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington,  DC.    ISSUE
    OF ORIGINATION- U9318;  n9336

    A number of advanced  technologies are being developed  to convert  coal  into  clean
    fuels for  use as  feedstock  in chemical plants and  for  power generation.  From  the
    standpoint of component materials, the environments created by coal  conversion and
    combustion in these  technologies and their  interactions with materials are  of
    interest.  The trend  in  the  new or advanced  systems  is  to  improve  thermal efficiency
    and reduce the  environmental  impact of the  process effluents. This  paper discusses
    several  systems that are  under development  and identifies  requirements for  materials
    application in  those systems. Available data  on the performance  of  materials  in
    several  of the  environments  are used to examine the performance  envelopes for
    materials  for several of  the systems and to identify needs for additional work in
    different  areas.
 2.  Effects  of  minor  alloying  additions on the formation of protective  scales  under
    sulfidizing conditions at  700C. Final report.   91-07   DE91002861

    Wright,  I.  G.;  Colwell, U. A.;  Baer. D. R.;  Prater, J. T  ;   Schoenlein,  L.  H.

    30  Oct 90    184p  page(s)   DOCUMENT TYPE- Progress  rept.   CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Oak
    Ridge National  Lab., TN.;  Battelle Columbus Div.,  OH.;   Pacific  Northwest  Lab.,
    Richland, WA.   SPONSOR- Department of Energy, Washington, DC.    CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER-  Contract  AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL/Sub-86-57444/O2    NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A09;   MF A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)-  Sponsored  by Department  of  Energy,
    Washington,  DC.    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9107;  n1600

    Effects  of  Al,  Si,  Mn, Y,  and Hf on the formation of protective scales  have been
    investigated in environments simulating substoichiometric combustion  of high-S coal,
    and  an oxidizing  flue gas. Minor additions were made to three clean alloys  bases:
    Fe-25Cr, Fe-25Cr-20Ni, and Fe-25Cr-6Al, by conventional alloying, and by powder
    metallurgical routes involving rapid solidification or high-energy  milling.  Scales
    formed at 700(degree)C were compared with those formed on the unalloyed base  alloys,
    in terms of  weight  change, scale morphology and composition.  Alumina  scales on the
    Fe-25Cr-6Al-base  alloys proved the most effective as a group,  with  excellent
    protection  being  provided  for more than 6000 h in aggressively sulfidizing
    conditions.  Chromia scales formed on Fe-25Cr-base alloys  were markedly  more effective
    than those  on equivalent Fe-25Cr-2ONi-base alloys prepared by conventional  casting.
    Observations of initial stages of corrosion of the  base alloys indicated that  a major
    difference  was that the protective scales formed on the FeCr  alloy  were of  the M(sub
    2)0(sub 3)-type,  whereas those that led to inferior protection on the FeCrNi alloy
    were of the  M(sub 3)0(sub 4)-type, and led to the inclusion of higher levels of Fe  in
    the nominally protective scale. It is postulated that alloy modifications that  can
    promote the  exclusive formation of M(sub 2)0(sub 3)-type  scales alloys should  also
    enhance their sulfidation  resistance. 23 refs., 107 figs., 16  tabs.  (ERA citation
    16:000089)
3. COAL-BASED GAS STREAM CLEANUP PROGRAM. FISCAL YEAR  1990 SUMMARY PROGRAM PLAN. - 9Q20
   DE90010270

   NO-AUTHOR

   Sep 89   20p Page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Department of En™ATW^MBER?sV '  °C '  °ffice
                                                                KiNUMBtK-
   of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Coal Technology.   REPOKiNUMBtKibj-
   DDEFE-0176P   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION  U9020 n9037

   The overall  goal  of the Coal-Based Gas Stream Cleanup Program of  the  Office of Coal

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   Technology (OCT) is to develop new technologies to control and/or remove gas stream
   contaminants such as particulates,  sulfur compounds,  nitrogen compounds, alkalis,
   selected trace metals, and residual hydrocarbons that are detrimental to the
   development of coal-fueled power systems, and to develop contaminant control
   technologies within a timeframe consistent with intended conversion system technology
   development. Specific program goals are: develop advanced cleanup techniques upstream
   of the turbine for cost-effective component and environmental protection for PFBC,
   direct coal-fueled, and gasification turbine combined cycles; review the stage of
   fuel  cells R&D with respect to the cleanup R&D technology available to determine  if
   future critical technology support work  is warranted; and review with the diesel
   program the critical needs for GSCU support and pursue, if warranted, future R&D
   cleanup support for diesel  power systems. 1 fig.,  1 tab.
4.  DESIGN OF THE FUEL EVALUATION TEST FACILITY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN COALS.
   FOREIGN TRIP REPORT MARCH 3-APRIL 5 1990. - 9019   DE90010011

   Kr i shnan, R .  P

   20 Apr 90   25p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFTR-3594   NTIS
   PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- SPONSORED BY DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,
   WASHINGTON, DC.   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9019 n9035

   The travel was undertaken at the  request of the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center
   (PETC), US Department of Energy (USDOE), to meet with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
   (BHEL), Trichy, India to (1) finalize the design of the Fuel Evaluation Test Facility
   (FETF) to be constructed at BHEL, Trichy, (2) establish a schedule for testing an
   Indian coal in the PETC Fuel evaluation Test Facility, and (3) coordinate the site
   visits to Indian thermal power stations and R&D institutions for the US power plant
   life expectancy project team. These activities are sponsored under the coal component
   of the Alternate Energy Resources Development (AERD) project of the US Agency for
   International Development (USAID)  The PETC has the management responsibility for the
   coal projects, and the Oak Ridge  national Laboratory (ORNL)  is providing technical
   support to the BHEL and the Tata  Energy Research Institute (TERI), the collaborating
   Indian institutions for these projects.
5. ERFARENHET AV AUSTENITISKA MATERIAL I FOSSILELDADE AANGPANNOR. (EXPERIENCE OF
   AUSTENITIC MATERIALS IN FOSSIL-FUEL BOILERS)    9019   DE90770846

   Tavast, J.

   Oct 89    1OOp page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Stiftelsen foer Vaermeteknisk Forskning,
   Stockholm (Sweden).   REPORT NUMBER(S)- SVF-356   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF AO1
   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN SWEDISH.   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9019 n9033

   The study has mainly been aimed at the problems on the steam/water side in order to
   evaluate  if the use of austenitic materials will pose special restrictions on the
   steam/water chemistry. Experiences of other types of problems have however also been
   included. Austenitic materials are presently  in use in a  large number of fossil fired
   units. The experiences of the austenitic materials are in general satisfactory. The
   problems which have been observed in austenitic SH/RH-tubes are usually the same as
   in ferritic SH/RH-tubes,  i.e. creep, high temperature corrosion and scaling. The
   austenitic materials are more prone to stress corrosion cracking than the ferritic
   materials. The number of failures have however been fairly limited. The failures have
   usually been caused by mishappenings during operations like regeneration of ion
   exchangers,  acid cleaning etc. Stress corrosion cracking  of austenitic SH/RH-tubing
   is therefore not a justification for tightening of steam/water specifications during
   normal operation. Thick-walled austenitic components have caused some problems  in
   high temperature units, mainly due to hot cracking of welds  in Nb-stabi1ized
   materials and due to thermal fatigue. A lot of work is devoted to reducing the
   problems due to high temperature corrosion and scaling. Factors  like grain size, cold
   work,  Cr-content and Cr-rich coatings are all of importance,  as  is the lay-out of the
   boiler itself  It has also been possible to reduce the problems with the thick-walled
   components.  In spite of this a considerable amount of work still remains before it
   will be possible to construct a unit in the 1000 MW range for a steam temperature of
   650 deg C. (34 figs., 5 tabs., 76 refs.).

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6. ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
   KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MWtSUB EL) BRC-KRAFTWERKES.  (DEVELOPMENT OF A BINARY-STEAM-PR-
   OCESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE. POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300 MWEL BRC  (BINARY
   RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT)    9013   DE90748648

   NO-AUTHOR

   Jun 88   92p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Internationale Atomreaktorbau G.m.b.H.,
   Bergisch Gladbach (Germany, F.R.).   REPORT NUMBER(S)- INTERATOM-TB-52.06987 . 3    NTIS
   PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN GERMAN.   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
   U9013 n9024

   In cooperation with the Deutsche Babcock Werke AG (DBW),  Oberhausen, the economic
   efficiency of a combined-cycle power plant (potassium/water) was determined. The
   specified production costs of electricity were compared with the costs of a modern
   hard coal power plant of the same capacity (300 MW(sub el)). The most  important
   results of the study are the following: The efficiency of the combined-cycle power
   plant is >50%. The power plant concept is technically controllable and realizable.
   The high efficiency permits a saving of resources and a reduction of the emissions of
   >30% compared with the reference power station. The production costs of electricity
   are about 7 to 13% (depending on the price for coal) below the costs of a normal
   coal-fired power plant for example at 70OO operation hours per year. Due to  its high
   economic potential,  the concept of a BRC power plant (binary rankine cycle) should be
   developed further  In this report, the studies concerning all components and systems
   specific for potassium are explained in a summary which,  in the framework of
   cooperation, were accepted for the BRC power plant concept by Interatom. (orig.)
   ENTWICKLUNG EINES ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESSES MIT KALIUM-/WASSERDAMPFKREISLAUF.
   KALIUMSYSTEM EINES 300 MW SUB EL BRC-KRAFTWERKES.  (DEVELOPMENT OF A BINARY-STEAM-PRO-
   CESS WITH POTASSIUM-WATER STEAM CYCLE.  POTASSIUM SYSTEM OF A 300 MW SUB EL BRC
   (BINARY RANKINE CYCLE) POWER PLANT).    9012   TIB/B90-80288

   Huthmann, H.;  Stehle, H.;  Storz,  R.;   Teubner. H.

   Jun 88   9Op page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Internationale Atomreaktorbau G.m.b.H.,
   Bergisch Gladbach (Germany,  F.R.).    CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER- BMFT 0326335-B   REPORT
   NUMBER(S)- INTERATOM-TB-52.06987.3   NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC £09   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)-
   IN GERMAN,   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U9012 V9003

   In cooperation with the Deutsche Babcock Werke AG (DBW),  Oberhausen, the economic
   efficiency of a combined-cycle power  plant (potassium/water) was determined. The
   specified production costs of electricity were compared with the costs of a modern
   hard coal power plant of the same capacity (300 MW sub el ). The most important
   results of the study are the following:  The efficiency of the combined-cycle power
   plant is >50%.  The power plant concept  is technically controllable and realizable.
   The high efficiency permits  a saving  of  resources and a reduction of the emissions of
   >30% compared with the reference power  station. The  production costs of electricity
   are about 7 to 13% (depending on the  price for coal) below the costs of a normal
   coal-fired power plant for example at 7000 operation hours per year  Due to its high
   economic potential,  the concept of a  BRC power plant (binary rankine cycle) should be
   developed further  In this report,  the  studies concerning all components and systems
   specific for potassium are explained  in  a summary which,  in the framework of
   cooperation,  were accepted for the BRC  power plant concept by Interatom. (orig.).
   (Copyright (c)  1990 by FIZ.  Citation  no.  90:080288.)
8.  METAL WASTAGE ANALYSIS OF CARBON STEEL TUBES IN FBC ENVIRONMENT. - 9010   DE90002256

   Sethi,  V  K.;  Puentes,  E.;   Natesan,  K.

   Nov 88    16p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Argonne National Lab., IL.   CONTRACT/GRANT
   NUMBER- W-31109-ENG-38   REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-890437-13   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO3/MF
   A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- CORROSION '89,  NEW ORLEANS, LA, USA,  17-21  APR 1989.
   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-  u9010 nOOOO

   The TVA 20-MW AFBC  Pilot  Plant  located near Paducah,  Kentucky began operations in
   March 1982,  and it  operated with the same in-bed evaporator tubes  (tube  bundle B1)
   for (approximately)13,625 h through the end of 1985.  During January-February 1986,
   the evaporator tubes were removed to test a new tube bundle configuration  (tube
   bundle  C1)   After only a  short  period of  operation,  tube diameter measurements showed
   that  tube  wastage rates  for bundle C1  were almost an order  of  magnitude  larger than
   those recorded for  B1.  Although several other changes could have been  responsible for
   this  increase,  the  consensus at the TVA was that the  increase  P^bly occurred
   because the  pilot plant  switched coals from a low chlorine  (0^02/0   to  a  high  chlorine
   ((aPProximately)0.30%)  KY 9 coal.  In order to determine the  ^ndity of  the role  of
   chlorine in  increasing the tube wastage,  several  tube se^°n*  ^ =ut  out from  the
   plant and  analyzed  at  the Kentucky Energy Cabinet Laboratory (KECL) and  at Argonne

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   National  Laboratory (ANL).  The results of the chemical and metal 1ographic examination
   showed that wastage could be attributed to erosive wear of chlorine-impregnated iron
   oxide scales.  Corrosion component (oxidation) could have been altered by the presence
   of elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and potassium in the combustion gases. The
   results also showed that, in order to understand the complex deposition/corrosion
   phenomena that occur in FBC systems, it is imperative to characterize the local
   environment in the vicinity of the tube bundles. 5 refs., 16 figs.
9.  ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
   SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31 1989.   9003   DE89015665

   Judkins, R. R.;  Braski, D  N.

   
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    progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information developed on the
    program. (ERA citation 13:048022)



12. LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SULFUR REMOVAL SORBENTS FOR DIRECT
    COAL-FIRED TURBINES: FINAL REPORT.   8902   DE88001041

    Newby,  R. A.;  DeZubay, E. A.;  Chamber 1 in, R. M.

    Jun 87   453p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Research and Development
    Center   Pittsburgh  PA    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-85MC22087   REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    DOEMC22087-2543   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A20/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8902 n1300

    Direct  coal-fired turbine concepts currently being developed require substantial
    levels  of sulfur removal  from high-temperature gas streams. Calcium-based sorbents,
    limestones, dolomites, limes and lime hydrates, are capable of sulfur removal in
    direct  coal-fired turbine combustor environments at temperature up to 1200/degree/C.
    Two types of desulfurizer processes are considered in this report using calcium-
    based sorbents: fluidized bed desulfurizer using coarse sorbent particles (300-1OOO
    mu m),  and entrained desulfurizer using fine sorbent particles (1-40 mu m).
    Small-scale laboratory tests were performed on a variety of calcium-based sorbents
    to determine the kinetics of sulfation and sulfidation over ranges of conditions
    applicable to both types of desulfurizer processes.  Correlations are developed  in
    the report for the effect of pressure; temperature,  and particle size. Engineering
    models  are also developed for both desulfurizer types that incorporate the
    laboratory reaction kinetics and predict potential commercial performance and
    performance trends. It is concluded that both desulfurizer concepts can be effective
    in direct coal-fired turbines, with calcium-to-sulfur molar feed ratios ranging from
    1.5 to  3.0, if the correct calcium-based sorbent is selected, and if applicable
    design  and operating conditions are identified. Both desulfurizer concepts have
    limitations and key development requirements, and site and fuel specific engineering
    assessment is required to select the best concept for a given combustor system. The
    influence of the desulfurizer concepts on turbine protection, through their
    influence on particle loading and alkali  release must also be assessed. 51 refs., 73
    figs.,  9 tabs.  (ERA citation 13:039093)
 13. RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS TO EROSIVE PARTICLE IMPACTS. - 8816   DE88005910

    Keiser, J. R.;  Heidersbach, R.  S.;   Dobbs,  D. L.;  Oliver, W. C.

    1988   12p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.    CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-880314-2   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF
    A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS MEETING,
    ST  LOUIS, MO, USA, 21 MAR 1988.    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8816 n1300

    Erosive particle impacts can result  in the high-strain-rate deposition of an
    appreciable amount of energy into the defromed volume of the target material  This
    energy likely causes local heating;  softening or even melting has been observed  in
    many materials. Hardening caused by  the high-strain-rate deformation has also been
    reported for strain-hardenable materials.  The effect of  individual  impacts on the
    surface of selected aluminum alloys  was determined both analyticaly using
    theoretical considerations and experimentally using 343- mu m-diam  tungsten carbide
    balls impacting at about 30 m/s and  30 deg incidence angle. After impact a
    mechanical properties microprobe was used to measure the hardness of both the crater
    bottom and material just below the original  surface. Strain hardening, but no
    evidence of softening,  was observed  for two aluminum alloys. 29 refs., e figs    1
    tab.  (ERA citation 13:021972)
14.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM:  SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1987.  - 8814   DE88006051

    NO-AUTHOR

    Feb 88   588p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER-  AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- DRNLFMP-872   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC  A25/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8814 n1300

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research  and  development on materials for fossil  energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various  fossil  fuel  technologies.  The
    program  includes research  aimed toward a better understanding of  materials  behavior
    in  fossil  energy environments and the development of  new materials  capable  of
    substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability.  The  management of the
    Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Off!ce (ORO) and the
    Oak Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL) as technical  support  contractor.  THe ORNL

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    Fossil  Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined semiannual
    progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program semiannual progress reports will aid in the dissemination of
    information developed on the program. (ERA citation 13:017594)
15.  ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM
    IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1987 THROUGH 1991.   8809   DE88003689

    Judkins, R.  R.;  Carlson, P  T

    Sep 87   149p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLTM-10242   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8809 n1300

    This program implementation plan for the Department of Energy Advanced Research and
    Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil Energy Materials Program reviews the
    technical issues and the materials research and development needs of fossil energy
    technologies. The status and plans for research and development activities in the AR
    and TD  Fossil Energy Materials Program to meet those needs are presented. Detailed
    information about these plans  is provided for FY 1987 through FY  1989,  and
    long-range plans are described for FY 1990 and FY 1991.  (ERA citation 13:009025)
16. SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON THERMAL ENERGY  'YUGOSLAVIA 1986' HELD AT BLED YUGOSLAVIA ON 14
    MAY 1986. PROCEEDINGS. - 88O4   DE87752788

    NO-AUTHOR

    1986   368p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- VGB Technische Vereinigung der
    Grosskraftwerksbetreiber e.V., Essen  (Germany, F.R.).   REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    INIS-mf-1O7O6, CONF-8605275-   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)-
    IN GERMAN.VGB SPECIAL MEETING ON YUGOSLAVIA, BLED, YUGOSLAVIA, 14 MAY 1986.   ISSUE
    OF ORIGINATION- U8804 n1200

    This volume contains various papers held at the conference 'Thermoenergetica 1986'
    The papers cover subjects ranging from the development of thermal energy in
    Yugoslavia via f1uidized-bed combustion and experience gained with the construction
    and operation of coal-fuelled plants  to the grinding and combustion of coals rich in
    inerts, pollution problems, fouling and slag formation, service  life, stress-induced
    crack corrosions, and to the planning, construction and operation of nuclear power
    plants.  (ERA citation 12:047345)
17  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM: SEMIANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING MARCH 31 1987.   8803   DE87014977

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jul 87   628p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-871   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8803 n1200

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil  energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial  enhancement of plant operations and reliability  The management of the
    Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
    Oak Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor  The ORNL
    Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined semiannual
    progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized
    in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are organized
    according to materials research thrust areas. It is the intent of the AR and TD
    Fossil Energy Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a
    number of fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD
    Fossil Energy Materials Program semiannual progress reports will aid  in the
    dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation  12:044859)

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18.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM:  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1986.    8713   DE87004050

    NO-AUTHOR

    Nov 86   402p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-864   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A18/MF A01   ISSUE OF  ORIGINATION- U8713 n 120O

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil  energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various  fossil fuel  technologies. The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil energy environments and the development of new  materials capable of
    substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability.  The management of the
    Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
    Oak Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL
    Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
    progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations.  It is  the intent of  the AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is  generic to a number of
    fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series  of AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in  the dissemination of
    information developed on the program. Plans for the program are issued annually. The
    implementation of these program plans will  be reflected by these quarterly progress
    reports, and this dissemination of  information will be augmented by topical or final
    reports as appropriate. (ERA citation 12:010694)
19. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING JUNE 30 1986.  - 8710   DE87002327

    NO-AUTHOR

    Aug 86   321p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Dak Ridge National  Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R214OO   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-863   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A14/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8710 n1200

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil  energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel  technologies. The
    management of the Program has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations
    Office (ORO) and the Oak Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL) as  technical  support
    contractor  The ORNL Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this
    combined quarterly progress report from  camera-ready copies submitted by each of the
    participating subcontractor organizations.  This report of activities on the program
    is organized in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are
    organized according to materials research thrust areas. It is hoped that this series
    of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in
    the dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation 12:004237)
20.  PRIMARY HEATER MODULE (EXTENSION)  PHASE 2.  FINAL REPORT JANUARY 1984-MARCH 198B.
    VOLUME 2 RI/RD85-184.  - 8704   DE85016255

    Campbel1,  J.

    Apr 85   483p page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR- Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA.
    Rocketdyne Div.    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-80ET15020   REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    DOEET15020-1908-V.2   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A21/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8704
    n1 100

    A  one year extension to a program  of study and research on coal  fired heaters for
    closed-cycle,  gas-turbine-based cogeneration systems of 25 to 50 MWe electrical
    output was conducted.  The results  of the basic program were reported in Ref.  3-17;
    the results of the extension are reported herein.  The research included a 1000 hour
    materials  exposure program on a 6'  x 6' atmospheric pressure,  f1uidized-bed-fired,
    air heater with  1550 F working fluid exit temperature.  The principal  purpose  was to
    evaluate the  interrelationships between materials  of heat exchanger  construction and
    the configuration and  operating conditions of the  fluidized-bed  air  heater.
    Extensive  metal 1ographic and ceramographic analyses were conducted on specimens
    exposed during the firing period.  The results indicate  that during operations at 6
    fps superficial  velocity the in-bed tubes are coated with a hard  deposit of bed
    material.  Erosion is not a problem.  But some sulfidation of all metals  occurred,
    presumably due to CaSO sub 4 in the deposit. Silicon carbide ceramic  specimens
    showed no  degradation.  The studies  include:  (1)  a  review of s^^es  previously
    conducted  on  both power generation  and cogeneration systems;  (2)  the  identification
    of  potential  advanced  systems; and  (3) parametric  studies  of  several  advanced

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    systems having potential for improved economics. These studies indicated the CCGT
    ''Power Only'' systems are only marginally competitive with steam-turbine-based
    systems.  The base-line CCGT cogeneration system at 1450-1550 F turbine inlet
    temperature, however, is so fuel efficient that it is expected to find commercial
    application. Several advancements to the base line system were found technically
    feasible,  but judged unlikely to be economically competitive. The radial  inflow
    turbine is suggested as a candidate for development.  24 refs., 143 figs., 40 tabs.
    (ERA citation 11:022381)
21.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING MARCH 31 1986. - 8703   DE86014333

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jun 86   447p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R2140O   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-862   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A19/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8703 n11OO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
    program  includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
    Program  has been decentralized to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor  The ORNL
    Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
    progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
    fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of
    information developed on the program. (ERA citation 11:047142)
22. CONSOLIDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
    DEVELOPMENT  (AR AND TD) FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM OCTOBER 1 1979-APRIL 30
    1986.   8703   DE86014336

    Carl son, P  T

    Aug 86   105p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- ACO5-840R2140O   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-865   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8703 n1100

    The objective of the Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil
    Energy Materials Program  is to conduct long-range research and development that
    addresses the materials needs of  fossil energy systems, including materials for coal
    preparation, coal  liquefaction, coal gasification, heat engines and heat recovery,
    coal combustion systems, fuel cells, magnetohydrodynamics, and oil shale processing.
    Materials research that addresses materials problems generic to several fossil
    energy technologies is emphasized. This consolidated bibliography of  publications of
    the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program covers those publications issued under
    the auspices of the Program from  October  1, 1979 through  April 30, 1986. The
    publications contained in this document have been limited to (1)  topical reports,
    (2) open literature publications  in  refereed journals, (3) full-length papers in
    published proceedings of conferences, (4) full-length papers in unrefereed journals,
    and (5) books and book articles.  Each of  the above types  of publication is divided
    in Part II into three principal materials categories:  (1) metals  and  alloys,  (2)
    structural  ceramics, and  (3) refractories. Furthermore, each of the materials areas
    is subdivided into technology or  discipline categories which represent principal
    areas of materials research and experience in fossil energy systems.  Part III
    contains a listing of the bibliography according to performing organization.  (ERA
    citation 11:O47172)
23. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD  ENDING
    DECEMBER 31 1985.   8618   DE86009997

    Bradley,  R. A.

    Mar 86   414p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-861    NTIS
    PRICE(S)-  PC A18/MF A01    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8618  n11OO

    The objective of the AR and TD  Fossil  Energy Materials  Program  is  to conduct

-------
    research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus  on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil  energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability  The management of  the
    Program has been decentralized to the DDE Oak Ridge Operations Office  (ORO) and the
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor.  The ORNL
    Fossil Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly
    progress report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations. This report of activities on the program  is organized
    in accordance with a work breakdown structure in which projects are organized
    according to materials research thrust areas. It is the intent of the  AR and TD
    Fossil Energy Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic  to  a
    number of fossil energy technologies. It is hoped that this series of  AR and TD
    Fossil Energy Materials Program quarterly progress reports will aid in the
    dissemination of information developed on the program. (ERA citation 11:029167)
24. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING DECEMBER 31
    1985.   8618   DE86009998

    Bradley, R. A.

    Mar  86   122p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-6264   NTIS PRICE(S)-
    PC A06/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8618 n1100

    This report covers progress made during the period October  1 through December 31,
    1985, for research and development projects that contribute to the advancement of
    various fossil energy technologies. Projects on the Fossil  Energy Program are
    supported by DOE Office of Fossil Energy, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and
    the  Tennessee Valley Authority   (ERA citation 11:029152)
25. AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1985. - 8608   DE86004586

    NO-AUTHOR

    Nov 85   408p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-854   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A18/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8608 irMOO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program  is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial  enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
    Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
    Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL Fossil
    Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
    report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
    organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
    with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program Plan for FYs 1985-89 (Ref  1) in which projects are organized according to
    fossil energy technologies.  We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program quarterly progress reports will  aid in the dissemination of information
    developed on the program. Plans for the program are issued annually (Ref. 1). The
    implementation of these program plans will be reflected by these quarterly progress
    reports,  and this dissemination of information will be augmented by topical  or final
    reports as appropriate. (ERA citation 11:009186)
26.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING JUNE 30 1985.  - 8605   DE86001368

    NO-AUTHOR

    Aug 85   369p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-853   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8605 n1100

    The objective of the  AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil  energy app ications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various  fossil fuel  technologies.  The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of  materials  behavior

-------
    in fossil  energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial  enhancement of plant operations and reliability  The ORNL Fossil  Energy
    Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress report
    from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
    organizations.  This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
    with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program Plan for FYs 1985 to 1989 in which projects are organized according to
    fossil energy technologies. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program to sponsor materials research which is generic to a number of
    fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of quarterly progress reports will
    aid in the dissemination of information developed on the program  (ERA citation
    11:OOOO16)
27.  ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS NEEDS FOR ADVANCED STEAM CYCLE COAL-FIRED PLANTS.   8605
    DE86001376

    Rittenhouse, P  L.;  Goodwin, G. M.;  Graves, R. L.;  DeVan, J. H.;   Griess, 
-------
29. FBC: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR BURNING LOW-RANK
    COAL. - 8519   DE85012018

    Mann, M. D.;  Hajicek,  D. R.;   Zobeck,  B. J.;   Miller,  B.  G.

    May 85   17p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks. Energy
    Research Center    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- FC21-83FE60181    REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    DOEFE60181-148, CONF-850565-4    NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF  A01   SUPPLEMENTARY
    NOTE(S)- 13. BIENNIAL LIGNITE  SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND USE OF LOW-RANK COALS,
    BISMARCK,  ND,  USA,  21 MAY 1985.    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8519 nIOOO

    Low-rank coals represent a large energy resource for the  US. Although pulverized
    coal- and stoker-fired furnaces  are currently  the dominant choice for combusting
    low-rank coals, there are many problems associated with these combustion methods
    including ash fouling and slagging,  clinker formation,  and high costs for emissions
    control  Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion  (AFBC) promises to be an
    environmentally and economically acceptable alternative to conventional combustion
    of  low-rank coals.  Advantages  of AFBC include: lower costs for emissions control,
    less fuel  preparation,  improved  heat transfer, and reduced ash fouling. Several
    evaluations have shown favorable economics for AFBC systems compared to conventional
    combustion systems when control  of SO sub 2 is required.  AFBC's have passed the
    initial development stage and  are now entering a refinement and optimization stage.
    The annual  installation rate is  increasing,  principally as process boilers.  AFBC's
    have prime potential as boilers, process heaters, dryers,  and any other application
    where conventional  combustion  systems are operating today, especially when firing
    low grade,  variable quality,  high sulfur solid fuels. The potentially rapid growth
    in  low-rank coal-fired AFBC installations in the United States is currently
    constrained by the choice of other fuels and other more conventional combustion
    technologies and the reluctance  of potential users to take operational risks (real
    or perceived)  in difficult economic times. Results from current pilot and
    demonstrational units will undoubtedly remove  these constraints,  and FBC systems
    will stand as one of the keystones of advanced coal technology. (ERA citation
    10:026739)
30. FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR FISCAL YEARS 1985 THROUGH
    1989.   8516   DE85008758

    Bradley,  R. A.;  Carlson, P  T

    Feb 85   176p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLTM-9328   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A09/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8516 nIOOO

    This program implementation plan for the Department of Energy Advanced Research and
    Technology Development (AR and TD) Fossil Energy Materials Program reviews the
    background, technical issues,  and research and development needs for materials of
    construction for fossil energy systems.  The status and plans for research and
    development activities in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program are then
    discussed for various materials disciplines.  Detailed information about these plans
    is provided for FY 1985 through FY 1987, and long-range plans are described for FY
    1988 and  FY 1989.  In addition to descriptions of planned research activities, this
    plan provides levels of effort required for the various activities. (ERA citation
    10:019660)
31.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING DECEMBER 31 1984.  - 8514   DE85008770

    NO-AUTHOR

    Feb 85   336p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-851   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A15/MF A01   ISSUE OF  ORIGINATION- U8514 nIOOO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development  on materials for fossil  energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various  fossil  fuel technologies.  The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials  behavior
    in fossil  energy environments and the development of new materials  capable  of
    substantial  enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
    Program has  been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO)  and the Oak
    Ridge  National  Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor. The ORNL  Fossil
    Energy Materials Program  Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
    report from  camera-ready  copies submitted by each of the participating  subcontractor
    organizations.  This report of activities on the program  is organized in  accordance
    with a work  breakdown  structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil  Energy  Materials
    Program Plan for FYs 1984 to 1988.  It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil  Energy

-------
    Materials Program to sponsor materials research which  is generic to a number of
    fossil  energy technologies. We hope this series of AR  and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program quarterly progress reports will aid  in the dissemination of information
    developed on the program.  (ERA citation 10:019659)
32.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 1984. - 8510   DE85004771

    Bradley, R. A.

    Nov 84   372p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-844   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A16/MF AO1   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8510 nIOOO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil  Energy Materials Program  is to conduct
    research and development on materials  for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The
    program  includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil energy environments and the  development of new materials capable of
    substantial enhancement of plant  operations and reliability. The management of the
    Progam  has been decentralized to  DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office  (ORO) and the Oak
    Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)  as  technical support contractor  The ORNL Fossil
    Energy  Materials Program Office compiles and  issues this combined quarterly progress
    report  from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
    organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized  in accordance
    with a  work breakdown  structure defined  in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program  Plan  for FYs  1983 to  1987  It  is the  intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials  Program  to sponsor  materials research which  is generic  to a number of
    fossil  energy technologies. We hope  this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program  quarterly  progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information
    developed  on  the program. (ERA citation  10:009464)
33. ADVANCED  RESEARCH  AND  TECHNOLOGY  DEVELOPMENT  FOSSIL  ENERGY  MATERIALS PROGRAM.
    QUARTERLY  PROGRESS REPORT  ENDING  JUNE  30  1984.    8504    DE85000475

    NO-AUTHOR

    Aug 84    507p  page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Oak Ridge  National  Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R21400   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-843   NTIS
    PRICE(S)-  PC A22/MF  A01    ISSUE OF  ORIGINATION- U8504  n09OO

    The objective  of  the AR  and  TD  Fossil  Energy  Materials Program  is  to conduct
    research  and development on  materials  for  fossil  energy applications with a  focus  on
    the longer-term and  generic  needs of the  various  fossil  fuel  technologies. The
    program  includes  research  aimed toward a  better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil  energy  environments and the  development of new materials  capable of
    substantial enhancement  of plant  operations and reliability.  The management  of  the
    Program  has been  decentralized  to DOE  Oak  Ridge Operations  Office  (ORO) and  the  Oak
    Ridge National  Laboratory  (ORNL)  as technical  support  contractor   A substantial
    portion  of the work  on the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials  Program  is performed  by
    participating  subcontractor  organizations. The ORNL  Fossil  Energy  Materials  Program
    Office compiles and  issues this combined  quarterly progress report  from camera-ready
    copies submitted  by  each of  the participating subcontractor organizations. This
    report of  activities on  the  program is organized  in  accordance  with a  work breakdown
    structure  defined  in the AR  and TD  Fossil  Energy  Materials  Program  Plan for  FYs  1982
    to 1986,  in which  projects are  organized  according to  fossil  energy technologies.  It
    is the intent  of  the AR  and  TD  Fossil  Energy  Materials Program  to  sponsor materials
    research  which is  generic  to a  number  of  fossil energy technologies. We hope this
    series of  AR and  TD  Fossil Energy Materials Program  quarterly progress reports  will
    aid in the dissemination of  information developed on the program.  (ERA citation
    09:050094)
34. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION  SYSTEM  FOR  ELECTRIC  POWER  GENERATION.  MONTHLY  PROGRESS
    REPORT SEPTEMBER  1975.  -  8502    DE84016914

    Chamberlin,  R. M.;   Keairns, D.  L.;  Lancaster,  B.  W.;   Salvador,  L.  A.;   Sverdrup,
    E . F

    10 Oct 75    16p page(s)   CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Westinghouse Electric Corp.,  Lester,  PA.
    Heat Transfer Div.    CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER-  AC01-76ET10161    REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    DOEET1O161-T1, FE-1514-38   NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC  A02/MF  A01   ISSUE  OF ORIGINATION-
    U8502 n09OO

    This program carries along  in  parallel  many  analytical  and  experimental  tasks

-------
    necessary to  evolve  an  Advanced  Coal  Gasification  System  for  Electric Power
    Generation. The  Process Development  Unit's  devolati1izer/desulfurizer has undergone
    cold flow dynamic  tests;  synthesis gas  generators  have been rebuilt  and reinstalled;
    they have been tested at  full  pressure  and  temperature, and demonstrated to be
    completely satisfactory.  Devolati1ization  tests  at full temperature  on
    sub-bituminous C coal will  begin shortly   Test  facilities for developing low-Btu gas
    burning combustors to be  fitted  into large  utility gas turbines  are  now in
    operation.  Current test work  using 350  exp  0 F  fuel  gas is concerned with minimizing
    CO and smoke  emissions  when operating both  oil-fired and  coal-gas-fired modes. A
    second generation  coal  gas  combustor has been ordered,  which embodies all the
    features found necessary  as a  result of the first  year of testing.  Maximum economic
    potential of  this  process will be  realized  by cleaning the product  gas of
    particulates  and trace  contaminants  at  1600 exp  0  F  before burning  in the gas
    turbine. Tests of  commercially-available cyclone collectors have shown results a
    little poorer than manufacturers'  guarantees had led us to expect.  Conclusion is
    that some form of  granular  bed filter will  be necessary in a  workable gasification
    plant. Test rigs have been  constructed  for  realistic tests and are  now operational
    on both a Donaldson  Tan Oet Collector and  a granular bed  filter   Testing is under
    way on a 400  exp 0 SCFM Aerodyne cyclone.  Efforts  to define the  level of cleanliness
    which a modern gas turbine  can tolerate  in  its  fuel  gas are as yet  inconclusive. An
    analytical  model which  predicts  rate of blade erosion as  a function  of particle
    sizes, densities and hardness  is beginning  to produce information.  Physical models
    to provide factual information needed for  effective  use of the above are being
    designed. (ERA citation 09:045308)
35. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY  PROGRESS  REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING MARCH 31
    1984.  - 8424   DE84013114

    McNeese,  L.  E.

    Jun 84   125p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Oak  Ridge National  Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER-  AC05-840R214OO    REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-6056   NTIS PRICE(S)-
    PC A06/MF A01   ISSUE  OF ORIGINATION-  u8424  nOSOO

    This quarterly  report  covers  the  progress  made during the period January 1 through
    March 31  for the Oak Ridge  National  Laboratory research and development projects
    that are  carried out in support of the increased utilization of coal  and other
    fossil fuels as sources of  clean  energy. These projects are supported by various
    parts of  DOE including  Fossil  Energy,  Basic  Energy Sciences,  the Electric Power
    Research  Institute,  and by  the Tennessee Valley Authority through inter-agency
    agreement with  DOE.  (ERA citation 09:035013)
36.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS  PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING MARCH 31  1984.  - 8423   DE84013550

    NO-AUTHOR

    May 84   450p page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab.,  TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC05-840R214OO   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-842   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A19/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8423 n09OO

    The objective of the AR and TD  Fossil  Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development on materials for fossil  energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term  and generic needs  of  the various fossil fuel  technologies. The
    management of the Program has been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office
    (ORO)  and the Oak Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL)  as technical  support contractor
    A  substantial  portion  of the work  on  the AR and TD  Fossil Energy Materials Program
    is performed by  participating subcontractor organizations (technically  monitored by
    Program staff members  at ORNL and  Argonne National  Laboratory (ANL)). The ORNL
    Fossil  Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this  combined quarterly
    progress report  from camera-ready  copies submitted  by each of the participating
    subcontractor organizations. Distribution is as shown on pages 467-475.  Future
    reports will  be  issued on a quarterly basis to a similar distribution.  This report
    of activities on the program is organized in accordance with  a work  breakdown
    structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil  Energy Materials Program  Plan for FYs
    1982-86 (Ref   1) in which projects are organized according to fossil  energy
    technologies.  A  schematic summary  of  this organization is provided  in Fig.  2.  We
    hope  this series of AR and TD Fossil  Energy Materials Program quarterly progress
    reports will  aid in the dissemination of information developed on the program.  (ERA
    citation 09:035014)

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37.  ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM.
    QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER 30  1983. - 8414
    DE84004145

    NO-AUTHOR

    Nov 83   476p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National  Lab.. TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-2G   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-834   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A21/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8414 nOSOO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil  Energy Materials Program  is to conduct
    research and development on materials  for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel  technologies. The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil energy environments and the  development of new materials capable of
    substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability.  The management of the
    Program has been decentralized to DOE  Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
    Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as  technical support contractor  The ORNL Fossil
    Energy Materials Program Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
    report from camera-ready copies submitted by each of the participating subcontractor
    organizations. This report of activities on the program is organized in accordance
    with a work breakdown  structure defined  in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials
    Program Plan for FYs  1982 to  1986  in which projects are organized according to
    fossil energy technologies. It is the  intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy
    Materials Program  to  sponsor  materials research which  is generic to a number of
    fossil energy technologies. We hope  this series of AR and TD  Fossil Energy Materials
    Program quarterly  progress reports will  aid in the dissemination of information
    developed on the program. (ERA citation  09:005677)
38. EPRI  (ELECTRIC  POWER  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE)  CONDENSER-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECTS.   8414
    EPRI-CS-1841-SR

    Laliberte,  M.;   Bartz.  J.;   Chow,  W.;   Diaz-Tous,  I.;   Murarka,  I.

    May 81    78p  page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Electric  Power  Research  Inst., Palo Alto,
    CA .   NTIS  PRICE(S)-  PC A05/MF  A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION- U8414  nOOOO

    This  special  report summarizes  the  research projects  EPRI has  funded  through 1981
    relating  to steam  surface  condensers  in electric power  plants. Divided  into sections
    according to  the type of  issue  addressed,  the  first section  presents  general
    projects  identifying  causes  of  condenser  failures. The  following  sections deal with
    studies on  air  and water  in  leakage control , erosion-corrosion control , leak
    detection,  biofouling and  scaling,  engineering design,  nondestructive evaluation
    techniques, and special  issues  of  closed-cycle cooling  systems.
39. STATUS  OF  FLUE  GAS  DESULFURIZATION  APPLICATIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES: A
    TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT.  REPORT  IN FULL.    8412   DOE/TIC-11369

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jul  77   541p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Federal Power Commission,  Washington,  DC.
    NTIS  PRICE(S)-  PC A23/MF  AO1    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION-  U8412  nOOOO

    The  results  of  the  entire study are presented  in this  volume titled  Report  In  Full
    The  report begins with  an historical  survey  of  the  research, development  and
    demonstration of flue gas desulfurization  since  1850.  Two monographs, concerning
    health  effects  and  ecological  effects of sulfur  oxides  emissions,  are presented  in
    Chapter  II.  The comments  of eminent scientists  on the  respective  monographs are  also
    included.  Chapter III discusses the technological and  cost  considerations of flue
    gas  desulfurization and alternative technologies for  meeting air  pollution  control
    regulations. The alternatives  discussed  include:  the  use of  low-sulfur,  conforming
    coal; coal washing;  supplementary control  systems and  tall  stacks;  solvent  refined
    coal; coal gasification and f1uidized-bed  combustion.  Regulatory  pressures  relative
    to the  installation of  scrubbers  are  the result  of  the  administrative and judicial
    implementations of  the  Clean  Air  Act.  Chapter  VI  examines the  financial  constraints
    posed by the need to install  scrubbers as  compared  with the  most  commonly applicable
    alternative, burning western,  low-sulfur coal.  Chapter  VII,  Commercial-Seale Flue
    Gas  Desulfurization Systems,  constitutes a primer on  FGD processes currently  in
    full-scale commercial application.  Chapter VIII  presents the results of  extensive
    surveys  of electric utility company's plans  to  operate  flue  gas desulfurization
    systems. Data concerning  operational  systems are also  included. The  report  concludes
    with  a  review of fifteen  advanced FGD processes.  Advantages  and disadvantages
    associated with the emerging  technologies  are  briefly  listed

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40.  STATUS OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION APPLICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES:  A
    TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT.  HIGHLIGHTS.  - 8412   DOE/TIC-11370

    NO-AUTHOR

    
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43.  DESIGN OF A GAS TURBINE PILOT PLANT WITH A COAL-BURNING PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED
    COMBUSTOR AND ACCOMPANYING EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS.   8402   DE83751129

    Bonn, B.;  Muenzner, H.;  Busch, U.;  Hoi 1  L.

    Uun 83   125p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Bundesministeriurn fuer Forschung und
    Technologie, Bonn-Bad Godesberg  (Germany, F.R.).    REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    BMFT-FB-T-83-101   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01   SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- IN GERMAN.
    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8402 nOSOO

    Results  of experimental investigations on f1uidized-bed combustion  in the laboratory
    and  in a semi-technical scale are dealt with  and  the design and engineering of an
    open-cycle gas  turbine plant with PFB-combustor  is  presented. The experimental
    investigations  comprised  the elucidation of the  influence of operating parameters,
    feedstock properties and  design  variants, as  well as the development of optimization
    and  scale-up criteria. Results  reveal that, with  careful selection  and preparation
    of feedstocks,  a very low-polluting combustor can be realized with  comparatively
    moderate expense with respect to cost and materials. The design and engineering of
    the  gas  turbine plant had to be  rearranged several  times due to unforeseeable
    technical difficulties. In the  first design the use of a gas turbine and of a
    high-temperature electrostatic  precipitator was envisaged, whereas  in the second
    design a FCC-turbine and  hot gas cyclones are suggested. However, the planning
    finally  arrived at offers best  prospects to achieve the desired target:
    investigation of gas turbine hehaviour with respect to response to  transients and
    control  operations as well as to wear and tear  (esp. erosion, corrosion, and
    fouling) with currently available equipment and at  sensible risk  (ERA citation
    08:045979)
44. CORROSION-RELATED  FAILURES  IN  FEEDWATER HEATERS.  FINAL REPORT  - 8402   DE83902915

    Beavers,  J.  A.;  Agrawal, A. K.;   Berry,  W.  E.

    Jul 83    203p  page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.   REPORT
    NUMBER(S)-  EPRI-CS-3184   NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC  A10/MF A01    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8402
    nOSOO

    A  survey  of  the  literature  was performed  for  the  Electric Power Research Institute
    on corrosion-related  failures  in  feedwater heaters.  The  survey was directed toward
    failures  in  fossil  and  in pressurized  water  reactor  (PWR) nuclear power plants, but
    i ncludes  some  pert inent  information  related  to  failures  in boiling water reactor
    (BWR) power  plants. The  survey was organized  into sections on the commonly used
    feedwater heater materials;  C  steel, brasses, Cu-Ni  alloys, MONEL Alloy 400, and
    Type 3O4  Stainless  Steel  A  section  on Ti  as  a  potential  feedwater heater material
    also is given  in the  appendices.  Each  section is  divided into subsections on field
    experience  and laboratory studies  tat  relate  to the  field failures that have been
    observed. Appendices  are given on  a  feedwater heater description, water quality in
    power plants,  forms of  corrosion,  and  failure analysis techniques. (ERA citation
    O8:046O67)
45. ELECTRIC UTILITY  USE  OF  FIRESIDE  ADDITIVES.  FINAL  REPORT     8323    DE82901987

    Locklin, D.  W.;   Krause,  H.  H.;   Anson,  D.;   Reid,  W.

    Jan 80   3O3p  page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Battelle Columbus  Labs.,  OH.    REPORT
    NUMBER(S)-  EPRI-CS-1318    NTIS  PRICE(S)-  PC  A14/MF A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION- u8323
    n0700

    Fireside additives  have  been used or  proposed for  use  in  fossil-fired  utility
    boilers to  combat a number of problems  related to  boiler  performance and
    reliability. These  problems  include corrosion,  fouling,  superheat  control,  and
    acidic emissions. Fuel additivies and other  fireside additives  have been  used mainly
    with oil firing;  however,  there is growing experience  with  additives  in coal-firing,
    especially  for  flyash conditioning to improve the  performance of electrostatic
    precipitators.  In decisions  regarding the  selection and  use  of  additives,  utilities
    have had to  rely  extensively on empiricism,  due partly to our  incomplete
    understanding  of  processes involved and partly to  the  limited amount of quantitative
    data. The study reported here was sponsored  by the Electric  Power  Research Institute
    to assemble  and analyze  pertinent operating  experience and  to recommend guidelines
    for utility  decisions on the use  of additives.  This report  describes the  combined
    results of  the  state-of-the-art review  of  technical literature  and a special  survey
    of utility  experience. A total  of 38  utilities participated  in  the survey,  providing
    information  on  trials conducted on 104  units in 93 different plants. Altogether, 445
    separate trials were  reported,  each representing a unit/additive/fuel  combination.
    90 different additive formulations, both  pure compounds  and  proprietary products,
    were categorized  into 37 generic  classes  according to  their  chemical constituents,
    and the results of  the survey are presented  by these generic classes   This report  is

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    organized according to the operating problems for which fireside additives are used.
    Guidelines are presented for utility use in additive selection and in planning
    additive trials.  (ERA citation 07:056100)
46  LIMESTONE FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK.  FINAL REPORT (25 UNITS:  LOCATION CAPACITY
    INSTALLATION DATA COAL (CALORIFIC VALUE ASH SULFUR CONTENT) PARTICULATE CONTROL
    SYSTEM AND DESIGN EFFICIENCY).  -  8323   DE83901899

    Smith, E. 0.;  Blythe, G.  M.;   Cannell, A.  L.;   Meadows,  M. L.;   Swenson, D. 0.

    Mar 83   690p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Black and Veatch, Kansas City, MO.
    REPORT NUMBER(S)- EPRI-CS-2949    NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF A01   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- U8323 nOSOO

    Selecting and installing a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) can be a difficult task
    for the utility engineer  Often,  the technology is unfamiliar and the array of
    alternatives disconcerting.  Approximately 33,000 MW of FGD systems are now operating
    and another 39,000 MW are planned or under  construction.  With the current EPA
    regulations requiring an FGD system on essentially every new coal-fired utility
    generating unit, the ability to decide on the most advantageous  FGD system on
    technical, environmental,  and economic bases is critical  to the  success of the unit
    and can result  in substantial  improvements  in the reliability of the system. This
    manual presents discussions of  the chemical processes involved in SO sub 2 removal
    using limestone, process control  methods, mechanical  component design, and methods
    of requesting and evaluating proposals. The discussion of mechanical components
    includes numerous examples of existing utility installations and problems. (ERA
    citation 08:031604)
47. LIME FGD SYSTEMS DATA BOOK.  FINAL REPORT.  - 8321   EPRI-FP-1030

    NO-AUTHOR

    May 79   714p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR-  PEDCo-Environmental,  Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
    NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A99/MF AO1   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-  U8321 nOSOO

    This manual represents a joint effort of EPRI nd the  US Environmental Protection
    Agency (EPA). It was written as an aid to  utility engineers involved in the design,
    specification, project management, and operation of lime-based, flue gas
    desulfurization (FGD) systems. The information is aimed at technical personnel who
    already have knowledge of utility power plant operations but may not be familiar
    with the chemical processes  and equipment  that comprise FGD systems. To date,
    lime-based FGD systems account for approximately 11,000 MW out of 28,000 MW of FGD
    capacity installed or under  construction.  As a result,  a large information base is
    becoming available,  but up to now it has not been compiled in a format that  is
    readily accessible and usable by the utility industry.  The Lime FGD Systems Data
    Book should permit a utility to anticipate the performance, reliability, and
    maintenance characteristics  of alternative lime scrubbing system designs available,
    as a function of site-specific variables.  This information should improve the
    quality of bid specifications as well as the ability  to judge the merit of
    alternative lime scrubbing system proposals. The manual serves to integrate and
    summarize the results of extensive utility, architect-engineer, vendor, EPA and EPRI
    efforts in the development of lime scrubbing technology. Much of the information is
    derived from the results of  research projects funded  by EPRI and EPA. (ERA citation
    05:005314)
48.  AR AND TD FOSSIL ENERGY MATERIALS PROGRAM,  QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD
    ENDING DECEMBER 31 1982.    8319   DE83010406

    NO-AUTHOR

    Feb 83   342p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNLFMP-831   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A15/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8319 nOSOO

    The objective of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is to conduct
    research and development  on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on
    the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies.  The
    program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior
    in fossil  energy environments and the development of new materials capable of
    substantial  enhancement of plant operations and reliability. The management of the
    Program has  been decentralized to DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) and the Oak
    Ridge National  Laboratory (ORNL) as technical support contractor  The ORNL Fossil
    Energy Materials Program  Office compiles and issues this combined quarterly progress
    report from  camera-ready  copies submitted by each of the participating  subcontractor

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    organizations. It is the intent of the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program to
    sponsor materials research which  is generic to a number of fossil energy
    technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program
    quarterly progress reports will aid in the dissemination of information developed on
    the program.  (ERA citation 08:028814)
49.  MATERIALS FOR COAL CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION. - 8308   DE82013244

    NO-AUTHOR

    1981   575p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
    REPORT NUMBER(S)- CONF-811O61-   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A24/MF A01   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- U8308 nOVOO

    The Sixth annual conference on materials for coal conversion and utilization was
    held October 13-15,  1981 at the National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg,  Maryland.
    It was sponsored by  the US Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research
    Institute, the Gas Research Institute and the National Bureau of Standards.
    Fifty-eight papers from the proceedings have been entered individually  into EDB and
    ERA; four papers had been entered previously from other sources. (ERA citation
    07:041987 )
50. CERAMIC TURBINE COMPONENTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    8307   EPRI-AP-1539-SY

    NO-AUTHOR

    Aug 80   34p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Research and Development
    Center, Pittsburgh, PA.   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8307
    nOSOO

    The three separate but interrelated subjects that are concerned with the application
    of ceramics to advanced  combustion turbine systems are discussed; namely, Part I
    Ceramic Rotor Blade Development, Part  II   Evaluation of MCrAlY/ZrO sub 2 (Y sub 2 0
    sub 3  ) Thermal Barrier  Coatings, and  Part III   Catalytic Combustor Development. In
    each of these areas of development, emphasis was placed on the design, analysis and
    testing of both the ceramic  component  and  its metal support structure. (ERA citation
    05:O38O69)
51. PREVENTION OF CONDENSER  FAILURES: THE STATE OF THE ART.   8226   DE82903309

    Syrett, B. C.

    Mar 82   365p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
    CA.    ITEM DESCRIPTION-  CONF-  811191--   REPORT NUMBER(S)- EPRI-RD-2282-SR,
    CONF-810170-   NTIS  PRICE(S)-  MF A01    ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8226 n0700

    An EPRI sponsored seminar on prevention of failures  in steam surface condensers was
    held first in Palo Alto, California, on January 21-22, 1981, then again in
    Arlington, Virginia, on  November 4-5, 1981. The objective of the seminar was to
    explain how condenser failures occur, where in the condenser they occur, and how the
    incidence of such failures  is  dependent on materials  selection, condenser design,
    condenser operation, and environmental  variables. Each mechanism of failure was
    discussed separately, and recommendations  were made  on how to avoid each type of
    problem and on what  to do if such failures were already occurring. This volume
    comprises extended abstracts and visuals of the presentations made at the seminar
    (ERA citation 07:043333)
52. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS.  - 8212   EPRI-AP-1623-V.2

    DeCorso, S. M.;  Pillsbury,  P  W.;  Bauserman, G.;  Mulik,  P  R.;  Ambrose, M. 
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    fuels  with  hydrogen content  greater  than approximately 1O% (by  weight)  and nitrogen
    content  less  than  approximately 0.35% should be satisfactory for  engines of current
    design.  These include a  number  of  the fuels tested.  A wider selection of synthetic
    fuels  could be used in engines  of  a  lower pressure ratio and/or turbine inlet
    temperature.  Conversely,  designs of  higher turbine inlet temperature and/or pressure
    ratio  would require tighter  fuel  specifications or the development of improved
    combustor  cooling,  smoke performance,  and NO/sub x/  suppression.  The other
    combustion  characteristics of  the  synthetic fuels were satisfactory. They burned
    smoothly,  cleanly,  and efficiently,  and ignited readily with no significant coking.
    All  fuels  were handled acceptably  by standard fuel forwarding systems.  Emissions of
    CO,  UHC  and particulates were  at about the same low  levels as for petroleum
    distillate  No. 2.  Analysis and  correlation of NO/sub x/ emissions and wall
    temperature versus fuel  properties have been developed for prediction of these
    effects  over  a range of  operating  conditions. Volume I is a summary that presents
    the main conclusions and the results of these correlations of the data. This volume
    presents the  detailed test and  analysis results. (ERA citation 81:025440)
53.  ENGINEER DESIGN CONSTRUCT TEST AND EVALUATE A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED PILOT PLANT
    USING HIGH-SULFUR COAL FOR PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER:  PHASE I PRELIMINARY
    ENGINEERING PHASE II FINAL DESIGN.  ANNUAL REPORT MARCH 1  1978-FEBRUARY 28 1979.  -
    8211   DE82000494

    NO-AUTHOR

    1979   110p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Curtiss-Wright Corp.,  Wood-Ridge, NO. Power
    Systems Div.    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-76ET10417   REPORT  NUMBER(S)-
    CW-WR-76-015,47A, FE-1726-47A   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF  A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
    U8211 n0700

    During this period the steam-gas turbine/pressurized fluidized bed (SGT/PFB)
    Technology Unit was operated for an additional 800 h on high sulfur coal during
    which the complete range of pilot plant operating parameters was covered. Data on
    bed-side heat transfer,  bed operation,  heat exchanger materials characteristics and
    hot gas cleanup performance were obtained.  Following the  initial shakedown period
    the PFB combustor performed at near design conditions for the  80O h of testing.  The
    cumulative coal operating time on the rig is 894 h.  Coal  combustion was initiated at
    bed temperatures of 850 to 900 exp 0 F although startup at 1100 to 1200 exp 0 F was
    the normal procedure. Start-up with a full  height deep bed was demonstrated which
    precluded the need for bed material removal prior to start-up  as other investigators
    have found. Temperature distribution over the full bed height  during design point
    and off-design operation was uniform and there was no indication of freeboard
    combustion. (ERA citation 07:001866)
54. EVALUATION OF BOILER-TUBE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED POWER CYCLES.    8211
    CONF-790145-4

    Plumley, A. L.;  Accortt, J. I.;  Roczniak,  W.  R.

    1979    19p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Combustion Engineering,  Inc., Windsor, CT.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC01-76ET10501   REPORT NUMBER(S)- TIS-6105   NTIS PRICED-
    PC A02/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8211  n0600

    A three-year laboratory and field investigation was completed during which selected
    commercial and advanced experimental materials and coatings were evaluated under
    conditions simulating advanced power cycles, i.e., in the 1300 to 1700 exp 0 F metal
    temperature range associated with the liquid-coupled Rankine and closed Brayton
    power cycles under consideration.  The materials and coatings were evaluated
    initially following exposure on controlled temperature probes in a solid fuel
    burning test furnace using coal feedstock of economic significance. The most
    promising materials were again evaluated after exposure for periods up to SOOOh  on
    probes under superheater conditions in operating boilers using the same feedstocks.
    The materials tested included standard and advanced austenitic stainless steels, and
    nimonic, inconel and incaloy alloys. The results showed that the Western
    subbituminous and Midwestern bituminous coals appeared to be somewhat more corrosive
    to the austenitic materials. No significant differences between coals were noted
    when the 800 series or cobalt based alloys were exposed while burning the various
    coals.  (ERA citation 06:021991)
55. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: AIR PREHEATERS.  FINAL REPORT. - 8201   DE81903777

    Maloney, K. L.;  Benson, R. C.

    Jul 81   169p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- KVB,  Inc., Irvine, CA.    REPORT NUMBER(S)-
    EPRI-CS-1927   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A08/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8201 nOSOO

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    This final  report under RP1265-8 is one of several  surveys being conducted through
    the Fossil  Plant Performance and Reliability Program to define more clearly the
    major generic equipment and/or operating problems responsible for utility power
    plant outages. This survey includes input from 40 US utilities encompassing 118
    generating units with an average size over 500 MW and using 236 air heaters.  Data
    analysis resulting from this study clearly demonstrates problems with air preheater
    systems and their components that contribute to loss in performance and
    unavailability of generating units. Nine major problem areas are identified:
    corrosion,  fouling, plugging, soot blowers, water wash system, seals, fires,  and
    drive and bearing systems. The indicated causes and effects are discussed.
    Recommendations are made to  improve the reliability of existing air preheaters, and
    generic problems requiring future research and application of existing technologies
    are identified. It is also recommended that users place more emphasis on the initial
    procurement phase to specify those design features that improve reliability.  Another
    recommendation is to encourage manufacturers to accelerate their efforts to improve
    the technology and correct critical problems by upgrading their designs.
    Implementation of the recommendations included in this report by users and
    manufacturers can substantially improve the availability of air preheaters. (ERA
    Citation 05:030474)
56. LONG-TERM OXIDATION OF SELECTED ALLOYS IN SUPERHEATED STEAM AT 482 AND 538 EXP 0 C.
    - 8126   DE81027068

    Griess, J. C.;  Maxwell, W. A.

    uul 81   48p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ORNL-5771   NTIS PRICE(S)-
    PC A03/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8126 nO600

    The oxidation of several Cr-Mo steels and austenitic materials in superheated steam
    at 482 and 538 exp 0 C (900 and 10OO exp 0 F) is studied. The investigation was
    conducted in a once-through loop that received steam from the superheater circuit of
    the Bartow Power Plant of  the Florida Power Corporation. This report presents the
    results from this  investigation, which was terminated after 28,339 h when the mode
    of power plant operation was changed from baseload to peaking. (ERA citation
    O6:028984)
57  LONG-TERM MATERIALS-TEST PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT AND QUALIFICATION TEST PLAN OCTOBER
    1979-SEPTEMBER  1980.   8125   DE81025557

    NO-AUTHOR

    Apr 81   91p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
    Energy Systems  Programs Dept.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- AC21-79ET15457   REPORT
    NUMBER(S)- DOEET15457-160   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
    U8125 nO600

    Progress made on the Long Term Materials Test Program during  its first year is
    summarized and  the test planning required to perform the Qualification Test is
    documented. The objective of the Qualification Test is to check out the proper
    functioning of  the Test Rig and to demonstrate its capability to produce a
    representative  PFB off-gas environment for long term candidate-material testing.
    During the first year of the program, the project has progressed from the concept
    stage to the start of construction. Ninety-five percent of the equipment has been
    ordered and renovations to accommodate the test rig have been initiated at the Malta
    Site. The initial effort focused on the test rig configuration and selection of the
    candidate turbine materials. The preliminary design phase was officially culminated
    by the presentation and acceptance of the Preliminary Operations Plan to DOE during
    April 1980. By  mid-June, 1981, the design of the major components was substantially
    complete allowing a detailed external design review to be performed. The design was
    accepted, and purchase orders for the major components were placed. In parallel with
    the design effort, two materials-screening tests have been initiated. One thousand
    hours of testing on the oil-fired small burner rig and the first 250-h segment on
    the erosion/corrosion simulator has been completed. (ERA citation 06:027105)
58. FAILURE-CAUSE ANALYSIS: FEEDWATER HEATERS. FINAL REPORT. - 8123   EPRI-CS-1776

    dacobstein, A. R.;  Quinn, J. A.;  Wadsworth, F  L.;  Wellens, R. S.

    Apr 81   212p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- International Energy Associates Ltd..
    Washington, DC.   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A10/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8123 n0600

    Feedwater heater  (FWH) failures have had a significant adverse impact on
    availability and  thermal efficiency in large fossil-fired power plants  The purpose

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    of  this  study  is  to  document  the  major  causes  of  FWH failures  and  to  make
    appropriate  recommendations  for  improvement.  Data were gathered  through a literature
    search;  a  questionnaire  distributed to  utilities  with fossil units over 500 MWe;  and
    visits  to  selected utilities,  architect/engineers,  and FWH vendors.  Responses to the
    questionnaire  revealed  that  problems had been  experienced in approximately one-third
    of  all  the FWHs  at 44 utilities.  Major  problem areas were tube vibration, flashing
    in  the  drains  subcooler  zone due  to inadequate level control,  tube inlet erosion,
    corrosion, steam impingement,  and difficulty in plugging failed tubes.  The main
    conclusion from  the  study is that industry standards do not adequately address most
    of  the  major FWH problems that were reported.  As  a result, utilities do not have
    sufficient guidance  to  prepare purchase specifications so that these problems can be
    avoided. It  is recommended that  straightforward guidelines be  developed to address
    each of these  FWH problem areas.  (ERA citation 06:020145)
59.  ALKALI METAL VAPOR REMOVAL FROM PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR FLUE GAS:
    ACTIVATED BAUXITE SORBENT REGENERATION.  QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1980.
    8123   DE81024482

    Johnson, I.;   Lee, S.  H.

    May 81   131p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab., IL.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-31 -109-ENG-38   REPORT NUMBER(S)- ANLCENFE-80-24   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8123 n8100

    This work supports the program to develop methods for the cleanup of combustion
    gases from pressurized f1uidized-bed coal combustors so that the cleaned gases can
    be used to power downstream gas turbines. Presented here are the results of studies
    to develop granular sorbents for removing gaseous alkali metal  compounds from these
    combustion gases  in a granular-bed filter  Activated bauxite bed material can be
    reused after the alkali compound is removed by a water-leaching process. In
    experiments to study the kinetics of leaching, the effects of adsorbed NaCl loading,
    leaching temperature,  and the leaching water to sorbent ratio on the rate of
    leaching are reported. Also reported are water retention  in bauxite after leaching
    and the effect of volatile alkalis in makeup activated bauxite on the alkali level
    in flue gas expanded in the gas turbine. (ERA citation 81:025436)
60. FOSSIL-ENERGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 1981. - 8120   ORNL/TM-7763

    McNeese, L. E.

    Apr 81   120p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO6/MF A01   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- U8120 nO6OO

    This  report   the seventy-ninth of a series   is a compendium of monthly progress
    reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the
    increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives as sources of clean
    energy. The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion
    development, chemical research and development,  materials technology, component
    development and process evaluation studies, technical support to major liquefaction
    projects, process analysis and engineering evaluations, fossil energy environmental
    analysis, flue gas desulfurization, coal preparation waste utilization, plant
    control development, atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustor for cogeneration, TVA
    FBC demonstration plant program technical support, PFBC systems analysis, fossil
    fuel  applications assessments, performance assurance system support for fossil
    energy projects, international energy technology assessment, and general equilibrium
    models of liquid and gaseous fuel supplies. (ERA citation 06:019623)
61. FOSSIL ENERGY PROGRAM. PROGRESS REPORT FOR JANUARY 1981. - 8119   ORNL/TM-7723

    McNeese, L. E.

    Mar 81   111p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A06/MF A01    ISSUE  OF
    ORIGINATION- U8119 n0600

    This report   the seventy-eighth of a series -  is a compendium of monthly progress
    reports for the ORNL  research and development programs  that are in support of the
    increased utilization of coal and other fossil  fuel alternatives as sources  of  clean
    energy  The projects  reported this month  include those  for coal conversion
    development, chemical research and development, materials technology,  component
    development and process evaluation, technical support to major liquefaction
    projects, process analysis; and engineering evaluations, fossil energy environmental
    analysis, flue gas desulfurization, solid waste disposal, coal preparation and  waste

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    utilization, plant control development, atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustor for
    cogeneration, Tennessee Valley Authority Fluidized Bed Combustion demonstration
    plant program technical support, PFBC  systems analysis, fossil fuel applications
    assessments, performance assurance system support for fossil energy projects,
    international energy technology assessment, and generalized equilibrium models of
    liquid and gaseous fuel supplies.  (ERA citation 06:017908)



62. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR WET SCRUBBERS. VOLUME 2. FINAL REPORT    8118
    EPRI-CS-173B(V.2)

    Rosenberg, H. S.;  Krause, H. H.;  Nowacki, L. d.;  Kistler, C. W.;  Beavers, J .  A.

    Mar 81   304p page(s)   CORPORATE  AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A14/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8118 nOSOO

    This report  is a comprehensive documentation and analysis of utility experience with
    materials of construction in full-scale  lime and limestone wet fluidized gas
    desulfurization  (FGD)  systems. Information on field performance of construction
    materials was collected by site visits, by telephone and  letter contacts with FGD
    system operators and equipment vendors and by literature  searches. Information was
    collected on: prescrubbers, absorbers, spray nozzles, mist eliminators, reheaters,
    fans, ducts, expansion joints, dampers, stacks, storage silos, ball mills and
    slakers, pumps,  piping and valves, tanks and thickness, agitators and  rakes, vacuum
    filters  and  centrifuges, and pond  linings. Materials documentation and analysis
    includes successes, failures, reasons  for success or failure, failure  mechanisms,
    and relative costs of  various materials. The results are  designed to aid utilities
    and FGD  equipment suppliers  in selecting materials that aid will perform
    satisfactorily without unnecessary expense. Outlet ducts  downstream from the outlet
    dampers  and  stack linings have a significant history of materials problems and are
    critical components -  failures may require complete boiler shutdown and loss of
    generating  capacity for lengthy periods. Prescrubbers, absorbers, reheaters, outlet
    ducts stream of  the outlet dampers,  dampers, pumps, and piping and valves have a
    moderate history of materials problems, but failures may  not require complete boiler
    shutdown. Spray  nozzles, mist eliminators, fans, inlet and bypass ducts, expansion
    joints,  storage  silos, ball mills  and  slakers, tanks and  thickeners, agitators and
    rakes, vacuum filters  and centrifuges, and pond linings have a relatively low
    history  of  materials problems and/or are amenable to rapid repair or replacement.
    (ERA citation 06:016406)
63. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS  FOR WET  SCRUBBERS.  FINAL REPORT    8118   EPRI-CS-1736(V.1)

    Rosenberg, H.  S.;   Krause, H. H.;   Nowacki,  L. J.;   Kistler, C. W.;  Beavers, J.  A.

    Mar 81    155p  page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Battelle  Columbus  Labs., OH.   NTIS
    PRICE(S)-  PC A08/MF  A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION- U8118 n0600

    This report  is  a  comprehensive  documentation and  analysis of utility experience  with
    materials  of construction  in  full-scale  1ime/1imestone  wet FGD  systems on boilers
    burning eastern or  western coals.  Information was collected  for the following FGD
    system components;  prescrubbers, absorbers,  spray nozzles, mist eliminators,
    reheaters, fans,  ducts,  expansion  joints,  dampers,  stacks, storage silos, ball mills
    and slakers, pumps,  piping and  valves,  tanks and  thickeners, agitators and  rakes,
    vacuum filters  and  centrifuges,  and pond  linings. Materials  documentation and
    analysis  includes successes,  failures,  reasons for  success or failure, failure
    mechanisms, and relative costs  of  various  materials. The  results are designed to be
    a first step in aiding  utilities and FGD  equipment  suppliers  in selecting materials
    that will  perform satisfactorily without  unnecessary expense. Outlet ducts
    downstream from the  outlet dampers  and  stack linings have a  significant  history  of
    materials  problems  and  are critical  components in that  failure  may require  complete
    boiler shutdown and  loss of generating  capacity for lengthy  periods. Prescrubbers,
    absorbers, reheaters, outlet  ducts  upstream  of the  outlet dampers, dampers,  pumps,
    and piping and  valves have a  moderate history of  materials problems but  failures may
    not require complete boiler shutdown. Spray  nozzles, mist eliminators, fans,  inlet
    and bypass ducts, expansion joints,  storage  silos,  ball mills and slakers,  tanks and
    thickeners, agitators and  rakes, vacuum  filters and centrifuges, and pond linings
    have a relatively low history of materials problems and/or are  amenable  to  rapid
    repair or  replacement.  (ERA citation 06:016795)

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64. GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR PERFORMANCE ON SYNTHETIC FUELS. FINAL REPORT  - 8112
    EPRI-AP-1623(V.1)

    DeCorso,  S. M.;   Pillsbury,  P  W.;   Bauserman, G.;  Mulik, P  R.;  Stein, T  R.

    Nov 80   66p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Concordvi11e,
    PA. Combustion Turbine Systems Div    NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF AO1   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- U8112 n0600

    The purpose of Project RP989-1 was to determine the effects of burning coal- and
    shale-derived synthetic liquid fuels in state-of-the-art gas turbine combustors. Ten
    types of coal-derived liquid fuels from the SRC-I, SRC-II, EDS, and H-Coal
    processes, and three hydrogenated shale oil fuels were utilized. The combustion and
    emission performance of fuels other than petroleum has now been obtained. The  main
    conclusion was that synthetic fuels burned approximately as expected from
    extrapolation of the combustion results obtained with petroleum fuels. Synthetic
    fuels with hydrogen content  greater than approximately 10% (by weight) and nitrogen
    content less than approximately 0.2% should be satisfactory for engines of current
    design. These include a number of the fuels tested. A wider selection of synthetic
    fuels could be used in engines of a lower pressure ratio and/or turbine  inlet
    temperature. Conversely, designs of higher turbine inlet temperature and/or pressure
    ratio would require tighter  fuel specifications or the development of improved
    combustor cooling, smoke performance,  and NO/sub x/ suppression. The other
    combustion characteristics of the synthetic fuels were quite satisfactory. They
    burned smoothly, cleanly,  efficiently,  and ignited readily with no significant
    coking. All fuels were handled acceptably by standard fuel forwarding systems.
    Emissions of CO, UHC and particulates were at about the same low levels as for
    petroleum distillate No. 2.  Analysis and correlation of NO/sub x/ emissions and wall
    temperatures versus fuel properties have been developed for prediction of these
    effects over a range of operating conditions. Volume I summarizes the main
    conclusions and the results  of these correlations of the data. Volume II presents
    the detailed test and analysis results. (ERA citation 06:007693)
65. ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT NDI TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE LOCATION AND EXTENT OF
    FOSSIL-FIRED BOILER TUBE DAMAGE. FINAL REPORT.   8111   EPRI-CS-1585

    Reinhart, E. R.;  Johnson, D.;  Sarian, S.

    Oct 80   30p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Reluxtrol, South San Francisco, CA.    NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8111 n06OO

    Assessment of state-of-the-art nondestructive evaluation techniques for detecting
    the type, location, and extent of fossil-fired boiler tube damage was made through
    on-site visits and canvassing by questionnaire. The results of this survey indicate
    that state-of-the-art for fossil fired boiler tube NDE practice is limited almost
    exclusively, in order of use frequency, to: (1) magnetic particle/dye penetrant, (2)
    ultrasonic testing (UT), (3) visual, including fiber-optic/borescope and TV,  and (4)
    radiography  None of these techniques are adequate for reliably detecting and sizing
    boiler tube damage, and they suffer from low  inspection volume coverage, i.e., they
    are limited to small localized checking of suspect troubl espots.  Our survey shows
    that boiler inspection using even these four methods is not practiced routinely but
    only after a forced outage has occurred. While there is a wide spectrum of boiler
    tube damage which results in failures forcing complete or partial outages, our
    survey indicates that: (1) wall thinning and wastage by erosion/corrosion, (2)
    overheating, and (3) hydrogen damage are the most prevalent failure modes for fossil
    fired boilers. Our survey also shows that at  least one-quarter to one-third of the
    failures forcing a full outage occur in the furnace wall tube bank and reducing the
    number of these failures alone would result in considerable savings to the
    utilities. We recommend that EPRI undertake a research and development program for
    the purpose of providing the utilities with a practical NDE capability for
    inspecting boiler tubes. (ERA citation 06:006024)
66. EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF TVA
    POWER PLANTS. PART 1. APPROACH AND SOME EARLY RESULTS. - 8108   CONF-8O09102-1

    Barrett, R. E.;  Holt, E. C. Jr

    1980    17p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.   CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER- AI01-79ET14275   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8108
    n0600

    This paper describes an ongoing program to examine historic TVA coal and power plant
    performance data for the purpose of searching for relationships between coal
    characterization and various measures of power plant performance. Power plant
    performance parameters of interest include unit efficiency, boiler capacity, boiler
    availability, plant operating costs,  and plant maintenance costs. The program is

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    being conducted using TVA data from the past 18 years (1961-1978) as the data base.
    Early results of the program show that unit heat rate, slagging outages, and
    maintenance costs are strongly influenced by coal ash and coal sulfur,  at least for
    some TVA plants. Unit capacity and unit availability have not been shown to be
    strongly dependent on coal ash and sulfur in early results. (ERA citation 06:002290)
67. REHEAT STUDY AND THE CORROSION—EROSION TESTS AT TVA'S COLBERT PILOT PLANT.   8005
    EPRI-FP-940

    Cole, R. M.;  Kelso, T  M.;  Robards, R. F

    May 79   68p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga.
    NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u8005 n0400

    The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is actively engaged in a pilot plant program to
    develop and/or evaluate wet-scrubbing processes for removing sulfur dioxide (SO sub
    2 ) from boiler flue gas. This program  includes adjunct testing to evaluate
    ancillary systems and components. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
    funded TVA to determine the operating and heat transfer characteristics for the (1)
    inline-indirect steam reheater,  (2)  flue gas recirculation reheat system, and (3)
    the cyclic reheat system. Tests  were also made to measure the resistance of
    materials of construction to erosion--corrosion by process lime/limestone slurry.
    (ERA citation 04:051426)
68. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. HOT GAS CLEAN-UP EFFLUX CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMMERCIAL
    PLANT  (TASK 4.1.1). - 8001   FE-2357-36

    NO-AUTHOR

    Mar 78   56p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
    Energy Systems Programs Dept.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400

    Progress is reported  in a research program whose objective is to evaluate  the
    coal-fired combined cycle (CFCC) power plant conceptual design, of the pressurized
    f1uidized-bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
    development program.  The supporting development is required for evaluating the
    pressurized f1uidized-bed combustion concept, for developing engineering
    correlations to be used  in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
    evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup, and the advanced gas
    turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
    provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized
    f1uidized-bed combustion. During this reporting period results were obtained for the
    chemical and physical properties of combustion products from the f1uidized-bed
    combustor, and the flow rate and size distribution of particles in the combustor
    effluent. (ERA citation 04:048524)



69. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. COMMERCIAL PLANT DESIGN DEFINITION (TASK 1.2). - 8001
    FE-2357-28

    NO-AUTHOR

    Mar 78   147p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY
    Energy Systems Programs Dept.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A07/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400

    Progress is reported  in a research program whose objective is to evaluate  the coal
    fired  combined cycle  (CFCC) powerplant conceptual design, of the pressurized
    fluidized bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
    development program.  The supporting development is required for evaluating the
    pressurized fluidized bed combustion concept, for developing engineering
    correlations to be used  in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
    evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup, and the advanced gas
    turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
    provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized  fluidized
    bed combustion. This  report summarizes the CFCC commercial power plant and major
    component conceptual  design activities of the overall program preparatory  to the
    planned design review. The purpose of this activity was to establish a reference
    configuration for evaluation through trade-off studies conducted parallel  with the
    design effort. A second more detailed plant design definition and  costing  phase  is
    planned following the design review, based upon a reference plant  design either
    confirmed or modified by the trade-off studies. Critical plant technology  areas are
    also being pursued as part of the overall program in parallel with the design and
    trade-off tasks, including gas turbine materials, hot gas cleanup  and pressurized

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    fluidized  bed  boiler  (PFBB)  technology  Certain of  the test  programs,  especially
    long-term  materials  testing,  are  not  scheduled to be finished prior  to completion of
    the  plant  design  activities;  thus,  further plant design updates  based  upon
    completion of  technology  tests  can  be expected.  Certain critical  design assumptions,
    specifically gas  turbine  materials  life with respect to hot  corrosion,  cannot be
    verified until  the  long-term test results are available and  are  subject to change
    based upon test results.  (ERA citation 04:048522)
70.  CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY REPORT JANUARY--MARCH 1978.  - 8001   FE-2357-25

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jul  78   44p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- General  Electric Co.,  Schenectady, NY
    Energy Systems Programs Dept.    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A03/MF A01   ISSUE OF  ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400

    Progress is reported in the development of a coal-fired combined cycle power plant
    which uses steam produced in tubes  within the f1uidized-bed combustor to drive the
    steam turbine and combustion gases  from the pressurized f1uidized-bed combustor to
    drive the gas turbine.  The reference plant configuration for the Design Review has
    been defined. Specifically,  a configuration that  represents current development
    hardware has been specified. Continuing combustor-steam generator configuration
    studies have included evaluation of refractory lined pressure vessels and horizontal
    pressure vessel, water  wall  lined.  In the latter,  a combined bed configuration
    appears to provide substantial  advantages. The test of shrouded hot gas ducting at
    the size and temperature of the CFCC configuration was initiated. Initial results
    are favorable. Small  burner rig simulation testing continues with several materials
    consistently showing strong performance. Process  evaluation to verify that new
    materials can be applied to turbine buckets, is proceeding. Materials performance
    data on clad specimens  is being evaluated and indicates reasonable success in this
    area. Testing of the developmental  cyclone is progressing at a slower pace than
    anticipated due to test setup difficulties which  are being overcome.  The Aerodyne
    cyclone, diagnostic probes,  electrostatic charger and materials test  section have
    been shipped to CURL at Leatherhead, England. CURL has essentially completed
    engineering design of the facility  modification and actual  implementation of the
    modifications will now  take place.  (ERA citation  04:048521)
71. CFCC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.  QUARTERLY REPORT OCTOBER—DECEMBER 1977. - 8001
    FE-2357-22

    NO-AUTHOR

    May 78   84p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- General Electric Co.,  Schenectady, NY
    Energy Systems Programs Dept.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-2357   NTIS
    PRICE(S)- PC A05/MF AO1   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U8001 n0400

    Progress is reported in a research program whose objective is to evaluate the
    coal-fired combined cycle (CFCC) power plant conceptual design, of the pressurized
    f1uidized-bed type, with power recovery gas turbine and to conduct a supporting
    development program. The supporting development is required for evaluating the
    pressurized f1uidized-bed combustion concept,  for developing engineering
    correlations to be used in optimizing the commercial plant concept, and for
    evaluating the combustor/steam generator, the hot-gas cleanup,  and the advanced gas
    turbine materials approach for this application. The results of this program will
    provide a backup concept and program for commercialization of pressurized
    f1uidized-bed combustion.  During this reporting period the following results were
    obtained: evaluation of test results proceeded; particle size distribution down to  1
    mu was developed based upon measured data. Included in this evaluation was a study
    of different techniques for particle sizing. Chemical analysis of captured particles
    was evaluated as a function of particle size,  leading to the conclusion that the ash
    tends to segregate in the small size end of the distribution while the spent and
    unspent sorbent tends to concentrate in the larger sizes. Trace element analysis,
    including lead, arsenic, selenium, beryllium,  mercury antimony and cadmium were
    completed for the CFCC design. In all cases, the ground level concentrations were
    significantly below prevailing standards. Alternate combustor-steam generator
    configurations were considered. Based upon accumulated exposure of 2800 hr in  two
    burner rig simulations, candidate material protection systems were selected for
    exposure during future tests. The other actual PFB exposure program has completed
    its 100 hr shakedown testing. (ERA citation 04:048520)

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72. MULTICELL FLUIDIZED-BED BOILER DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND TEST PROGRAM. INTERIM REPORT
    JULY 1977--JUNE  1978. - 7924   FE-1237-78/4

    Leon, I. w.;  Claypoole, G.;  Reed, R. R.;  Gamble, R. L.;  Wells, T  G.

    Nov 78   261p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Pope, Evans and Robbins, Inc., New York.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER-  EX-76-C-01-1237   NTIS  PRICE(S)- PC A12/MF A01   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- u7924 n0400

    Design, construction, and  test program of a 300,000 Ib/h steam generating capacity
    multicell f 1 uidized-bed boiler (MFB), as a pollution free method of burning
    high-sulfur or highly corrosive coals, is being carried out. The concept involves
    burning fuels such as coal,  in a fluidized-bed of  limestone particles that react
    with the sulfur  compounds  formed during combustion to reduce air pollution. Nitrogen
    oxide emissions  are  also reduced at the lower  combustion temperatures.  The CaSO sub
    4 produced  in the furnace  is discharged with the ash or regenerated to  CaO for reuse
    in the f1uidized-bed. Information  is presented on: continued operation  of the
    Rivesville  MFB steam generating plant in a commercial mode and for determining
    performance and  emission characteristics; studies  and tests on fly ash
    characterization and reinjection, fuel feed eductors and needles, air distributor,
    corrosion—erosion and  sulfur capture; engineering studies to  improve MFB
    performance and  reliability  (ERA citation 04:046357)
73. DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS  ON THE  ATMOSPHERIC  FLUIDIZED BED COAL COMBUSTOR FOR
    COGENERATION GAS TURBINE  SYSTEM  FOR  INDUSTRIAL  COGENERATION PLANTS. - 7918
    CONF-790305-4

    Hoi comb,  R. S.

    1979    13p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak  Ridge National Lab.,  TN.   CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26  NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION-  U7918
    n0400

    The Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor  Program will develop  the technology  for
    a  fluidized bed coal  combustion  system to provide a source of  high  temperature air
    for process heating and power generation with gas turbines  in  industrial  plants.  The
    gas turbine has the advantages of  a  higher  ratio of electric  power  output  to  exhaust
    heat  load and  a higher exhaust temperature  than do steam  turbines  in cogeneration
    applications.  The program is directed toward  systems  in the size range  of  5 to 50
    MW(e)  and is sponsored by the Department of Energy. A study of  industrial  energy  use
    has been  completed that  indicates  a  large potential market for  gas  turbine
    cogeneration systems. Conceptual design  studies have been done  for  typical
    industrial  installations,  and some of these results are presented.  The  conceptual
    design of a 300 kW(e) test unit  has  been completed. A number  of  furnace design films
    have  been invited to  submit  their  own designs for a 1500  kW(t)  (5  x 10  exp 6  Btu/hr)
    combustor, from which a final selection  will  be made. The design of the balance of
    the test  system will  proceed in  parallel with the combustor design. An  engineering
    design study has been completed  by AiResearch Division  of Garrett  Corporation in
    which  the modifications required to  adopt an  existing AiResearch 831-200  gas  turbine
    to this cycle  for both open  and  closed cycle  operation  were determined. Development
    and testing have been conducted  in the aeas of  f1uidization,  heat  transfer, tube
    corrosion, and coal feeding.  Results from heat  transfer,  tube  corrosion,  and  coal
    feeding tests  are presented.  (ERA  citation  04:033138)
74. STATUS OF  FLUE  GAS  DESULFURIZATION  APPLICATIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  A
    TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT.  -  7820    TID-28185

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jul 77   538p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Federal Power Commission,  Washington,  D.C.
    NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC A23/MF  A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION-  u7820  n0300

    The removal  of  sulfur  compounds from  the stack gases  of coal-burning,  electric  power
    plants has  been a national  issue for  the past decade. Desulfurization  of  flue gases
    by devices  commonly referred to as  ''scrubbers''  is a major  approach to  the  problem
    but their  use has been the subject  of  continuing  controversy.  Still  unresolved  are
    questions  concerning their suitability for  commercial utility  operations,  the
    relative merits of  one design over  another, the  feasibility  and costs  of  sludge
    disposal for ''throwaway''  systems,  the  outlook  for improved,  second generation
    systems, and perhaps,  most important,  whether the complex chemistry  and  health
    effects of  airborne sulfur oxides are  sufficiently  well  understood  to  be  sure that
    heavy  investments  in scrubbers will  produce the  desired results.  Definitive  answers
    to these questions  do  not  yet exist,  yet decisions  must be  made.  This  report is
    intended to be  a basic reference and  information  source.  The  report  does  not attempt
    to provide  ultimate conclusions, although  there  are a number  of specific  findings
    It is  primarily a descriptive assessment.  Alternative technologies  fo~ meeting  air

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    pollution  control  regulations are discussed including:  Use of  low-sulfur,  conforming
    coal;  coal  washing;  supplementary control  systems and tall stacks;  solvent-refined
    coal;  coal  gasification and f1uidized-bed combustion. The potential  of flue gas
    desulfurization and  these alternative technologies are discussed.  Regulatory
    pressures  relative to the installation of scrubbers are the result  of the
    administrative and judicial  implementations of the Clean Air Act.  The financial
    costs  of scrubber  installations are compared with the most commonly applicable
    alternative:  Burning western,  low-sulfur coal   (ERA citation 03:036669)
75.  COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1977. - 7810   ORNL/TM-6066

    NO-AUTHOR

    Oct 77   65p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-7405-ENG-26   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF A01   ISSUE OF
    ORIGINATION- u7810 n0300

    The projects reported this month include those for coal  conversion process
    development, materials engineering,  alkali  metal  vapor topping cycles, a coal
    equipment test facility,  a fluidized bed combustor technology test unit, engineering
    and support studies,  process and program assistance,  and environmental assessment
    studies.  In hydrocarbonization research, material  balance results from Run HC-21
    confirm earlier tests with Wyodak coal, showing an oil yield of 21% based on MAP
    coal  In the coal-sol vent-hydrogen mixing work, experiments were completed with the
    Kenics mixer reactor  and with the packed-bed reactor  The fracture toughness
    characterization of 25.4-cm-thick ASTM A543 Class 1  plate is in progress. In the
    gas-fired potassium boiler project,  we completed and leak-tested all  of the
    potassium piping for  the system and made preparations for loading the drain tank
    with potassium. The design work on the f1uidized-bed, alkali-metal-vapor cycle
    system has been completed. In the engineering studies and evaluations project, work
    was continued on process modeling,  the preparation of a Synthetic Fuels Research
    Digest, a survey of industrial coal  conversion equipment capabilities, and studies
    of flash hydropyrolysis,  hot gas purification processes, processes for heat
    recovery, and hydrogen production by the steam/molten iron process. In the process
    and program analysis  studies, studies were  continued on low-Btu gasification, direct
    combustion, advanced  power conversion systems, liquefaction, high-Btu gasification,
    in situ gasification, and coal beneficiation.  The Environmental Monitoring Handbook
    is being used extensively by contractors and their environmental subcontractors in
    designing monitoring  programs for the nation's first fossil demonstration plants.
    (ERA citation 03:011442)
76. COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE PERIOD ENDING SEPTEMBER
    30 1977. - 7814   ORNL-5357

    NO-AUTHOR

    Jan 78   245p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
    CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- W-74O5-ENG-26   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A11   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION-
    U7814 n03OO

    An empirical correlation of recirculating f1uidized-bed behavior was developed and
    tested successfully in the cold model and in the bench scale hydrocarbonizer
    Pyrolysis experiments using blocks of eastern bituminous coals were continued.
    Process and program analysis work continued with studies of low-Btu gasification,
    direct combustion, advanced power conversion systems, liquefaction, high-Btu
    gasification, in situ gasification, and beneficiation.  Testing of several
    fluidized-bed heat exchanger materials in the Fluidyne bed to 1000 hr has  led to the
    following tentative conclusions: high-nickel  alloys are not recommended for the
    conditions explored; ''hot corrosion'' mechanisms are responsible for a sulfidation
    attack of high-nickel alloys; alloy 8OO and types 310,  304, and 306 stainless steels
    have performed satisfactorily. Virtually all  of the construction work on the
    gas-fired potassium is scheduled. Research is continuing in an attempt to  find the
    origins of the catalytic activity of certain molten halides for reactions  involving
    polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. New or refined analytical techniques have been
    developed in support of requirements for testing the toxic nature of various gases,
    liquids, and solids derived from coal and for evaluating the efficiency of
    environmental control systems. Progress is reported on studies of the properties,
    fate, and effects of coal conversion products and effluents in laboratory  and field
    environments and on the removal of phenols, trace elements, and PAH from wastewater.
    (ERA citation 03:022808)

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77  MODIFICATIONS AND COSTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW SULFUR WESTERN COALS.   7815
    CONF-771024-3

    Reddy,  G. N. ;  Krohm, G. C.

    1977   19p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Argonne National Lab.,  Ill    CONTRACT/GRANT
    NUMBER- W-31-109-ENG-38   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A02/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7815
    n0300

    It thus appears that the conversion of existing boilers burning  high sulfur
    Midwestern coals to  low-sulfur Western coals is not a  simple matter  The
    difficulties of burning this fuel can be traced to the  inherent  problems of
    operating the boiler outside of  its designed operating  limits. The operating
    parameters that are  affected by  coal characteristics are summarized below. These
    factors must be considered carefully when planning conversion  of a power plant to
    burn Western coal: Excessive dusting of coal enroute to power  plant. Reduced
    conveyor belt capacity  (10-20%)  Decreased pulverizer  output (up to 35%)  Loss of
    boiler efficiency due to increased moisture (up to 30%)  Water side scale buildup
    due to decreased slagging. Increased fouling with high  sodium  coal. Larger dust
    handling system requirements within the boiler  Carbon  carryover  Decreased
    electrostatic precipitators efficiency because of the  decrease in sulfur trioxide
    concentrations  in the flue gases. Even though the scope of this  paper does not
    include a detailed evaluation of the reduction  in electrostatic  precipitator
    collection efficiency,  this has  been identified as one  of the  major problems. Cost
    of electricity  generated per kWh may increase up to 51% depending upon the extent of
    boiler modifications and increases  in operating and maintenance  costs. (ERA citation
    03:021522)
78. HIGH TEMPERATURE  GAS  TURBINE  ENGINE  COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM. TASK I.
    MONTHLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS  REPORT  NO.  26  AUGUST  1--AUGUST 31  1977    7806
    FE-1765-36

    Cutrone,  M.  B.

    15  Sep  77    52p page(s)   CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  General  Electric  Co.,  Schenectady, N.Y.
    Gas Turbine  Div.    CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER- EX-76-C-01-1765   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF
    A01    ISSUE  OF ORIGINATION- U7806  n0300

    Considerable effort has  been  spent on  the evaluation  of deposit data obtained during
    the recently completed  nominal  500 ppM ash level  initial  liquid test.  Examination  of
    deposits  showed them  to  be  fragile.  However, approximately  20% plugging of cooling
    holes  occurred  in the air-cooled nozzle  leading  edge  simulation pins.  Specimen
    hardware  and facility hardware  preparations  are  nearing completion for confirmation
    testing.  Screening tests continued throughout the  reporting period. A  second alkali
    conversion  test (to determine the  degree  of  conversion of  insoluble alkali silicates
    to  soluble,  corrosive sulfates) was  attempted. Data  will  be reported next month.
    (ERA citation 03:003174)
 79.  DEVELOPMENT  PROGRESS  AND POSSIBLE  APPLICATIONS  OF  THE  FLUIDIZED  BED  FURNACE.   7807
     ERDA-TR-319

     Jahkola,  A.

     1977    13p page(s)    NTIS PRICE(S)-  PC  A02/MF A01    ISSUE  OF  ORIGINATION-  u7807
     n0300

     The development  of  fluidized  bed combustion as  well  as the goals of  development
     projects  for commercial  generation of  heat  and  electric power are reviewed.  The
     results show that  it  is  unclear  at this time which direction  the development of  the
     fluidized bed combustion will  take and  what its future is  in  general   The  first
     large-scale  projects  are now  at  a  stage that will  require  a decision for  the future.
     Results obtained and  preliminary calculations concerning the  cost effectiveness  of
     fluidized bed combustion indicate  that  the  process might become  an economical,
     environmentally  acceptable system  that  will permit us  to use  poorer  quality
     inexpensive  primary energy sources.  (ERA citation  03:006557)
80  HIGH TEMPERATURE  GAS  TURBINE  ENGINE  COMPONENT MATERIALS TESTING PROGRAM.  TASK 1.
    QUARTERLY  TECHNICAL PROGRESS  REPORT  NO.  8  APRIL  1--JUNE 30 1977    7808    FE-1765-34

    Cutrone, M.  B.

    15  Jul  77    75p page(s)    CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  General  Electric Co ,  Schenectady,  N  Y.
    Gas Turbine  Div.   CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER-  EX-76-C-01 - 1765   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC A04/MF
    A01    ISSUE  OF ORIGINATION- u7808  nOSOO

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    Initial  liquid  tests  resumed in May,  1977,  using creosote oil  doped with H-coal
    sludge to  150 ppM ash level   Fifty-nine  hours of testing were  successfully completed
    at  1950 exp  0 F  firing temperature.  Examination of  simulator components showed minor
    deposits,  some  cooling hole  plugging  and the presence of alkali.  Subsequently, 43h
    of  initial  tests were completed with  nominal 500 ppM ash level  creosote fuel.  The
    test was aborted due  to an overtemperature excursion caused by partial  loss of
    combustion air   Hardware damage occurred.  Repairs are near ing  completion and testing
    will resume  in  July.  Although aborted,  the test has provided a large quantity of
    on-line data relating to ash deposition. Screening tests continued throughout the
    quarter  Preparations for confirmation  testing continued with  fabrication of test
    hardware and initial  checkout of the  gasifier/cleanup system.  (ERA citation
    03:008274)
81.  ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF ADVANCED STEAM POWER PLANT CYCLES UTILIZING
    ATMOSPHERIC FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATION AND HEATING TASK I.  FINAL REPORT. - 7720
    EPRI-FP-317

    Kight,  S.  W.  Jr

    Dec 76    184p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- United Engineers and Constructors, Inc.,
    Philadelphia, Pa.   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC AO9/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u772O nOSOO

    In pulverized coal  fired boilers, an upper limit to attainable steam temperature  is
    imposed by the deposition of slagged ash and of corrosive material onto superheater
    tubes.  This corrosive material  derives from mineral impurities in the coal which,
    following heating from 2500 to 3000 exp 0 F in the flame, form complex salts some of
    which are liquid above about 1200 exp OF. In a fluidized bed the maximum
    temperature is about 1600 exp 0 F, which is low enough to inhibit formation of
    corrodents and to prevent the melting of ash,  so that these particular problems may
    be avoided. On this basis,  it has been suggested that the fluidized bed boiler might
    open the way to more efficient steam cycles, using higher temperatures. This project
    was initiated to see whether there were other factors, particularly in the steam
    turbine, that would restrict the development of advanced steam plant using existing
    or near future technology.  The study shows that the fabrication of very large high
    quality rotor forgings in ''super alloys'' suitable for high temperature service  is
    the major obstacle. This, and other problems are discussed in detail  Steam
    temperatures to  110O exp 0 F could be attained using stainless steel superheater
    tubing and 1200 exp 0 F with nickel based alloys.  This steam admission temperature
    range could be utilized  in a turbine with an alloy steel rotor provided that the
    first stage nozzle temperature drop ensured a rotor admission temperature of 1100
    exp 0 F  Such a first stage arrangement would be relatively inefficient. Above 1200
    exp 0 F the rotor would require a super alloy forging which at present could not be
    made for units above 450 MW.  (ERA citation 02:032279)
82. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. QUARTERLY PROGRESS
    REPORT SECOND QUARTER FISCAL YEAR 1976.  - 7626   FE-1514-45

    Chamberlin, R. M.;  Keairns, D. L.;   Lancaster,  B. W.;  Pillsbury, P. W.;  Salvador.
    L. A.

    15 Jan 76   141p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester,
    Pa. Heat Transfer Div.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- E(49-18)- 1514   NTIS PRICE(S)- PC
    A07/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7626 n0100

    This program carries along  in parallel  all  the analytical tasks and experiments
    necessary to evolve a coal gasification system for electric power generation. The
    devolati1izer/desulfurizer portion of the Process Development Unit has now operated
    successfully on char and 2 types of bituminous coal  Test facilities for developing
    1ow-Btu gas burning combustors to be fitted, to large utility-type gas turbines are
    now  in operation. Feasibility of constructing combustors to fit the space envelope
    of utility gas turbines has been established; refinement of the designs  to better
    deal with startup, turndown, dual-fuel  operation and emissions control is under  way.
    Maximum economic potential of this process will  be realized by cleaning  the product
    gas of particulates and trace contaminants at 1600 exp 0 F before burning in gas
    turbine. Efforts both to define the required cleanliness and to assure removal of
    particulates down to present fuel gas standards are as yet inconclusive. (ERA
    citation 01:018433)

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83.  ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
    REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JUNE—DECEMBER 1974. - 7609   FE-1514-T-3

    NO-AUTHOR

    1974   382p page(s)   CORPORATE AUTHOR- Westinghouse Electric Corp., Lester, Pa
    Heat Transfer Div.   CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER- 14-32-0001-1514   NTIS  PRICE(S)- PC
    A17/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- U7609 n7509

    The analytical tasks and experiments necessary to evolve a coal gasification system
    for electric power generation have been carried out. A process  development  unit  is
    now complete and undergoing final subsystem operational tests.  Test  facilities for
    developing low-Btu gas burning combustors  to be fitted to  large utility-type gas
    turbines are now  in operation. Feasibility of constructing combustors  to fit the
    space envelope of utility gas turbines has been established;  refinement of  the
    designs to better deal with startup, turndown, dual-fuel operation,  and emissions
    control is under way  Maximum economic potential of  this process will  be realized by
    cleaning the product gas of particulates and trace contaminants at  1600 exp 0 F
    before burning in a gas turbine.  Efforts both to define the  required cleanliness and
    to assure removal of particulates down to  present fuel gas standards are as yet
    inconclusive. A conceptual design for a gasification plant embodying fluid  bed
    principles and sized to process coal for the largest commercially available utility
    gas turbine  is in preparation.
84. ADVANCED COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEM  FOR  ELECTRIC  POWER GENERATION. MONTHLY PROGRESS
    REPORTS FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY--APRIL  1975.   7609   FE-1514-T-6

    NO-AUTHOR

    1975   423p page(s)   CORPORATE  AUTHOR-  Westinghouse Electric  Corp.,  Lester,  Pa.
    Heat Transfer Div.    CONTRACT/GRANT  NUMBER-  14-32-OO01- 1514    NTIS  PRICE(S)-  PC
    A18/MF A01   ISSUE OF ORIGINATION- u7609 n7509

    In this period engineering tests on  the  coal gasification  pilot plant  and  fuel gas
    studies (with respect to  gas  cleanup for gas turbine operation to avoid erosion,
    corrosion, deposits,  etc.) occupied  the  most attention.  The  initial  engineering
    tests showed the  need for better measuring  instruments  and control  equipment
    (especially for the  rather considerable  changes required on  start-up).  Igniter and
    thermocouple failures and burner problems required  equipment and design changes.
    Satisfactory, stable  operation  was not achieved and,  in  the  initial  start-up, an
    explosion  resulted from failure  of the main  flame to  ignite  and damaged the
    refractory insulating liners. Fuel gas cleanup  studies  continued; to avoid tar which
    fouls heat exchanger  surfaces,  to  remove particulates  which  cause erosion  in  gas
    turbine blades, and  to minimize  constituents which  corrode metals or lead  to
    deposits.  Embritt1ement of metals  (by  hydrogen) and carburization problems were
    investigated. Various desulfurization  processes were  investigated.  Finally, the cost
    of coal and dolomite  was  studied (the  conclusion was that  future price changes were
    difficult  to predict). Many  other  detailed  experimental  results are discussed.
85. SURVEY OF TURBINE  BUCKET  EROSION DEPOSITS  AND  CORROSION.    7606    CONF-750301-1

    Fraas, A . P

    28p page(s)    CORPORATE AUTHOR-  Oak  Ridge  National  Lab.,  Tenn.    NTIS  PRICE(S)-  PC
    A03/MF A01    ISSUE OF  ORIGINATION- U76O6 n7501

    For abstract,  see  ERA  75  01,  number  00036.

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                                   SUBJECT TERM  INDEX
ABRASION
  11 14 18 19 21 25 26 31 32 33 36
  37 41 42
ABSORPTION
  12
ACID RAIN
  24 35 39 74
ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS
  1 1
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
  48
ADDITIVES
  12
ADSORBENTS
  12 59
AGGLOMERATION
  45
AI  AQUEOUS CARBONATE PROCESS
  40
AIR HEATERS
  55
AIR POLLUTION
  52 76
AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT
  30 72 74
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
  3 10  14 29 39 40 47 68 69 70 71
  74 75 77 79
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EOUIPMEN
   12
AIRCRAFT
  85
ALKALI  METAL COMPOUNDS
  21 59
ALKALI  METALS
  26 75 76
ALLOYS
  9 11  15 22 33 36 41
ALUMINIUM
  2 19  35 36 37
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
  2 13  42 48
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
   11 14  17 18 19 23 24 28 31 32 41
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
  2 19  21 25 28
AMMONIA
  39 40 45
AMMONIUM SULFATES
  74
ANALYSIS
  58
ANLCENFE-80-24
  59
ANTIMONY CHLORIDES
  35
ARRHENIUS EQUATION
  24 31
ART
  51
ASH CONTENT
  29
ASHES
  66
ASSESSMENT
  39 40 74
AUGER  ELECTRON  SPECTROSCOPY
   14
AUSTENITE
  5
AUSTENITIC STEELS
  5911
AUTOMATION
  60 61
AVAILABILITY
  62
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
  12 75 76
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
  22 58
BINARY FLUIDS
  7
BIODEGRADATION
  24
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
  39 74
BIOREACTORS
  35
BITUMINOUS COAL
  10
BMFT-FB-T-83-101
  43
BOILERS
  1 2 4 16 29 41 48 55 65  66  72  81
BOOK
  46
BRAYTON CYCLE
  54
BUILDING MATERIALS
  37
BWR TYPE REACTORS
  38 51
BY-PRODUCTS
  40
CALCINATION
  12
CALCITE
  8
CALCIUM CARBONATES
  12 45
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
  12
CALCIUM HYDROXIDES
  39 40 47 62
CALCIUM OXIDES
  12 21 25
CALCIUM SULFATES
  8
CALORIFIC
  46
CALORIFIC VALUE
  29 66 77
CARBIDES
  25 26 41
CARBON
  31 32 42
CARBON DIOXIDE
  52
CARBON MONOXIDE
  37 41 42 52 75 76
CARBON STEELS
  8 62
CARBONIZATION
  75 76
CASCADE IMPACTORS
  84
CAST IRON
  25 31 32 33 36 37 41 42
CAT-OX PROCESS
  39 40
CATALYST SUPPORTS
   1 1
CATALYSTS
  9  11 14 61 74

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CATALYTIC COMBUSTORS
  50
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
  35
CAVITIES
  41
CC9
  42
CERAMICS
  9 11  14 15  17  18  19 20 21 22 23
  24 25 26  28  30 31  32 33 35 37 41
  42 60 61  80
CERMETS
  28
CESIUM
  75
CHARPY  TEST
  23 25 26  75
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
  24
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
  11 17 28  31  32 43  46 47 68 72
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
  35
CHEMICAL PREPARATION
  14
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  5 66
CHEMICAL REACTION  KINETICS
  12
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
  21 26 46  60  61 74
CHEMICAL STATE
  19
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
  11 14  17  18  19 21  23 24 25 26 31
  35
CHEMISTRY
  35 46 47  60  61
CHLORIDES
  48
CHLORINE
  8
CHROMIUM
  14 19 36
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
  2 41
CHROMIUM OXIDES
  2 21  25
CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM  STEELS
  11 17  18  19  21 23  24 25 26 27 31
  32 33 35  36  37 41  42 48 49 56 60
  61
CHROMIUM-NICKEL  STEELS
  14 81
CLADDING
  36 42 48  60  61 75  76
CLAUS PROCESS
  84
CLEAN AIR ACT
  74
CLEANING
  84
CLOSED-CYCLE  SYSTEMS
  20
CO-GENERATION
  73
COAL
  3 4 12 24 43 45  47  57 68 70 71
  78 79 85
COAL DEPOSITS
  29
COAL FINES
  81
COAL GAS
  80
COAL GASIFICATION
  20 30 34  35  37 39  41 48 49 60 61
  74 75 76  82  83 84
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
  11 14 15 17  18  19  21  22  23  24  25
  26 28 30 31  32  33  35  36  37  41  42
  48 49 76
COAL LIQUEFACTION
  11 14 35 37  41  48  49  60  61  75  76
COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
  11 14 15 17  18  21  22  23  24  25  26
  28 30 31 32  33  35  36  37  41  42  48
  49 60 61 76
COAL LIQUIDS
  24 48 52 60  61  64  80
COAL MINING
  42
COAL PREPARATION
  39 40 60 66  74
COAL PREPARATION  PLANTS
  11 14 15 17  18  21  22  23  25  26  28
  30 31 32 33  42  60  61
COAL TAR
  84
COAL-FIRED GAS TURBINES
  3 12
COATINGS
  11 14 17 19  20  23  35  57  75
COBALT
  19
COBALT SULFATES
  23
COGENERATION
  61
COMBINED CYCLES
  84
COMBINED-CYCLE POWER PLANTS
  1 6 7 20 52  53  57  68  69  70  71  75
COMBUSTION
  20 24 34 45  82  83  85
COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  10 43
COMBUSTION KINETICS
  4 10
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  3 12 52 54 64 68 69 71  78 80 81
COMBUSTION PROPERTIES
  64
COMBUSTORS
  1 2 9 12 52  64  78
COMPARATIVE  EVALUATIONS
  6 7 20 24  29 39 40 67 73 74 75
  76
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
  911 14 17  18  19 21 23  24 25 26
  28 32 33 41  42
COMPRESSION  STRENGTH
  33
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY
  11 14 17 18  19  21  23  25
CONF- 811191
  51
CONF-811O61
  49
CONF-880314-2
  13
CONF-890437-13
  8
CONSTRAINTS
  29
CONSTRUCTION
  53
CONT  NO.- AC01-76ET10161
  34
CONT  NO.- AC01-76ET10501
  54
CONT. NO.- AC05-840R21400
  4911  13  14 15 17 18 19 21 22
  23 24 25 26  27  28  30 31  32  33 35
  36

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CDNT  NO.   AC21-76ET10417
  53
CONT  NO.   AC21-79ET15457
  57
CONT  NO.- AC21-80ET15020
  20
CONT  NO.- AC21-S5MC22087
  12
CONT  NO.   AI01-79ET14275
  66
CONT  NO.   BMFT 0326335-B
  7
CONT  NO.   EX-76-C-01-2357
  68 69 70 71
CONT  NO.   FC21-83FE60181
  29
CONT  NO.   W-31-109-ENG-38
  59
CONT  NO.- W-31109-ENG-38
  8
CONT  NO.   W-74O5-ENG-26
  37 41 42 56 60 61
CONTENT
  46
CONTROL
  45
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
  46 53 84
CONTROL SYSTEMS
  46
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES
  18 25
COOLANT LOOPS
  6 7
COPPER BASE  ALLOYS
  17 28
CORRELATIONS
  24 66 76
CORROSION
  1234567891011121314
  15 16 17 18 19 20  21  22  23  24  25
  26 27 28 29 30 31  32  33  34  35  36
  37 38 39 40 41 42  43  44  45  46  47
  48 49 50 51 52 53  54  55  56  57  58
  59 60 61 62 63 64  65  66  67  68  69
  70 71 72 73 74 75  76  77  78  79  80
  81 82 83 84 85
CORROSION RESISTANCE
  11 24 26 41 48 49
CORROSION RESISTANT  ALLOYS
  27
CORROSIVE EFFECTS
  18 19 21 23 25 26  31  33  36  37  41
  42 48 54 62 80
COST
  6 7 20 74
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
  66
COST EFFECTIVENESS
  79
COVER GAS
  6 7
CRACK PROPAGATION
  17 21 23 25 36
CRACKS
  17 26
CREEP
  5 11  14 18 19 21 23 24 25  26  27
  28 31 32 33 35 36  37  41  42  48
CW-WR-76-015.47A, FE-1726-47A
  53
CYCLONE SEPARATORS
  20 53
DAMAGE
  24
DATA ANALYSIS
  66
DECOMPOSITION
  8
DEFECTS
  11 14 18 19 21 23 25 26  31
DEFORMATION
  32 33 36 41 42
DEMONSTRATION PLANTS
  60 61
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
  53
DENITRIFICATION
  10
DENSITY
  60 61
DEPOSITION
  78 84
DEPOSITS
  6 7  12 20 29 77
DESIGN
  20 37 39 41 47 48 50 68  71  82
DESIGN CRITERIA
  77
DESULFURIZATION
  16 34 43 60 61 63 67 82  83
DETECTION
  21
DEVELOPMENT
  50
DEW POINT
  45
DIAGRAMS
  69 70 73
DIESEL ENGINES
  30
DISLOCATIONS
  13
DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT
  30
DOEET10161-T1,  FE-1514-38
  34
DOEET15020-1908-V.2
  2O
DOEET15457-160
  57
DOEFE-0176P
  3
DOEFE60181-148, CONF-850565-4
  29
DOEMC22087-2543
  12
DOLOMITE
  12 82 83
DUCTILITY
  11 14 21 23
DUSTS
  77 85
E I
  51
E T
  71
EAS
  55
ECONOMICS
  39 42 74 76 81 82 83
EDB/010400
  9
EDB/010402
  3
EDB/0104O4
  4
EDB/010600
  4
EDB/010800
  3
EDB/014000
   1 2
EDB/200102
  6

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EDB/200104
  2 9
EDB/200202
  3
EDB/200600
  4
EDB/296000
  4
EDB/3O0500
  9
EDB/300502
  3
EDB/3307OO
  3
EDB/360100
  1 9
EDB/360103
  5
EDB/3601O5
  2 5
EDB/360200
  1 9
EDB/360600
  9
EDB/425002
  6
EFF
  44
EFFICIENCY
  6 7 20 46  66  84
ELASTICITY
  23
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
  11  18  19 21 23  25 28 31  45
ELECTRIC POWER
  16  27  34 82
ELECTRIC POWER  PLANTS
  68  69  70 71 72  73 81
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
  4
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
  41
ELECTRODES
  11  18  1921 26  28 31 32  36
ELECTRON BEAM WELDING
  24  30
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
  11  31
ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS
  19  21  23 25 31
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  11  18  19 31 33
ELECTROSLAG  CASTING
  24  35  48
ELECTROSLAG  WELDING
  30  31  32 33 36  37 41 42  48
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
  45  66  77
ELONGATION
  14  19  25 37
EMBRITTLEMENT
  48
EMISSION
  20  45
ENERGY SOURCES
  85
ENERGY SUPPLIES
  16
ENT
  50
ENTRAINMENT
  12
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
  24  52  64 74 76
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
  24
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
  4
EPIDEMIOLOGY
  39
EPO
  35
EPRI
  27
EPRI-CS-1927
  55
EPRI-CS-3184
  44
EPRI-RD-2282-SR,  CONF-810170
  51
EQUIPMENT
  46 60
ER
  49
EROSION
  8 11 12 13 14  15  18  19 21 22  23
  24 25 26 28 29 3O 31 32  33  35  36
  37 38 39 40 41 42 43 57  58  65  67
  68 69 71 82 83
EUROPE
  79
EVALUATION
  76
EVAPORATORS
  8
EXHAUST GASES
  52 59
EXHAUST RECIRCULATION  SYSTEMS
  10
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
  12 19 20 24 28 31 32 33  35  36  41
  42 45 46 48 52 53 54 55  59  60  61
  62 64 65 67 68 69 70 71  72
EXXON LIQUEFACTION  PROCESS
  60
FABRICATION
  9 11 18 1921  23  24  25 26 28  31
  32 33 41 42
FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS
  18 21 23 24 41 49 55 58  76
FAILURES
  14 38
FATIGUE
  17 18 21 25 26 32 33 36  37  41  42
  48
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
  81 82
FEEDWATER HEATERS
  44 58
FIBERS
  23 26
FILTERS
  14 17 18
FINLAND
  79
FISCHER-TROPSCH  SYNTHESIS
  60 61
FLAMES
  10
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
  11 19 23
FLOTATION
  60
FLOW RATE
  43 68
FLOWSHEETS
  27 39 40 46 74
FLUE GAS
  10 16 17 39 40 46 47 57  60  61  62
  63 67 72 74 79 82
FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION
  47
FLUIDIZATION
  73
FLUIDIZED BED
  34 76 82 83

-------
FLUIDIZED BEDS
  12
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
  3 12 16 24 29 39 43 59 61 68 69
  70 71 73 74 79 81
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS
  1 8  11 14 15 17  18 19 20 21 23
  25 26 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 48 49
  53 57 59 61 68 69 70 71 72 73 75
  76 79
FLUORIDES
  48
FLY ASH
  39 40 45 72
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY
  5 6  7 10 16 43
FORESTS
  24
FORMATION FREE ENERGY
  48
FOSSIL FUELS
  9 16 21 33
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER  PLANTS
  1234567891011121314
  15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
  26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
  37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
  48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
  59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
  70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
  81 82 83 84 85
FOULING
  43 45 55 66
FRACTURE PROPERTIES
  11 14 17 18 19 21 23 25 26 31 32
  33 36 37 41 42 48 49 61 75
FRACTURES
  11 21
FUEL CELLS
  3 9  11 14 15 18  19 21 22 23 25
  26 30 31 36 37 48
FUEL ECONOMY
  20
FUEL FEEDING SYSTEMS
  73 76
FUEL GAS
  75 76 83 84
FUEL OILS
  45
FUEL SLURRIES
  25 61
FUEL SUBSTITUTION
  52 64 77
FUEL SUPPLIES
  24 35
FUEL-AIR RATIO
  10 12 43
FULL
  39
FURNACE
  79
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
  24
GAS COMPRESSORS
  76
GAS TUNGSTEN-ARC WELDING
  30
GAS TURBINE POWER  PLANTS
  20 52 64
GAS TURBINES
  9 20 34 43 50 52 53 57 59 64 68
  69 70 71 73 75 78 80 82 83 84 85
GASEOUS WASTES
  64
GASES
  24
GASIFICATION
  4
GENERATION
  82 84
GLASS
  1 1
GRAIN SIZE
  18 19
GRAPHS
  68 71 72
GRINDING
  10 60
GROWTH
  41
GYPSUM
  74
H-COAL PROCESS
  35 60 76
HAFNIUM
  2
HARDNESS
  13 21 25
HAYNES STELLITE 6B
  41
HEAT AFFECTED ZONE
  17 18 19 21 23 25 26  31  33  37
HEAT ENGINES
  15 17 21 22 25 26 28  30  31  33  35
  36 37 48
HEAT EXCHANGERS
  20 21 24 26 28 30 32  33  36  37  41
  42 48 53 58 60 61 84
HEAT PIPES
  75
HEAT RECOVERY
  30 75 76
HEAT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
  15 21 22 25 26 31 33  35  36  37  41
  48
HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
  27
HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS
  27 80
HEAT TRANSFER
  20 43 73
HEAT TREATMENTS
  26 28 33 41 42 48
HEATERS
  44 58 67
HEATING
  13 67
HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION
  60
HEIGHT
  39
HIGH BTU GAS
  76
HIGH PRESSURE
  81
HIGH SULFUR COAL
  72
HIGH TEMPERATURE
  5 43
HOT GAS CLEANUP
  3 12 14  17 30 53 59
HOT PRESSING
  28
HYDROCARBONS
  52 64 75 76
HYDROGEN
  11 14 17 18 21 23 25  26  28  31  32
  33 36 37 41 42 48 76
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
  75 76
HYDROGEN SULFIDES
  12 19
HYDROGEN TRANSFER
  60
HYDROGENATION
  24 75 76

-------
IMPACT SHOCK
  13
IMPACT TESTS
  13
IMPLEMENTATION
  4
IN-SITU GASIFICATION
  76
INCOLOY ALLOYS
  54
INCOLOY 800
  18 23 27 37 43  56
INCOLOY 800H
  17
INCONEL ALLOYS
  54
INCONEL 617
  27 56
INDIA
  4
INDIUM OXIDES
  18 21 23 25
INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
  11 17 18 19 21  23  26 65
INFORMATION NEEDS
  15
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
  24
INIS-MF-10706,  CONF-8605275
  16
INSPECTION
  16 75 76
INSTITUTE
  38
INTERATOM-TB-52.O6987.3
  6 7
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
  11 14 17 18  19  21  23 24 25 26 31
  32 33 35 36 37  41  42 48
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
  4 24
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY  AGENCY
  24
ION BEAMS
  1 1
ION IMPLANTATION
  24
IRON
  11 14 35 36 37
IRON ALLOYS
  48
IRON BASE ALLOYS
  2 17 42
IRON COMPOUNDS
  11 17 18 1921  23  24 25 26 28 31
  32 41
IRON OXIDES
  8 21
ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE
  60
JETS
  41
JOINING
  14
JOINTS
  11 17 20 23
JVU8814 N1300
  14
JVU8816 N130O
  13
JVU8902 N1300
  12
JVU8904 N13OO
  1 1
JVU8906 N13OO
  10
JVU9O03 NOOOO
  9
JVU9010 NOOOO
  8
JVU9012 V9003
  7
JVU9013 N9024
  6
JVU9019 N9033
  5
JVU9019 N9035
  4
JVU9020 N9037
  3
LASERS
  1 1
LEACHATES
  24
LEACHING
  24
LEADING ABSTRACT
  16 49
LEGISLATION
  74
LIFETIME
  16
LIGNITE
  24 29
LIME-LIMESTONE WET  SCRUBBING P
  46 62 63
LIMESTONE
  12 39 40 43
LINERS
  62
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  24
LIQUID FUELS
  35 78
LITHIUM CARBONATES
  36
LOAD MANAGEMENT
  4
LOW BTU GAS
  34 75 76 82 83
MAGNESIUM
  31 32
MAGNESIUM CARBONATES
  12
MAGNESIUM OXIDES
  21 25 39 40 45  60
MAGNESIUM SLURRY  SCRUBBING PRO
  40
MAGNETIC SEPARATORS
  6O 61
MAINTENANCE
  85
MANGANESE
  2
MANGANESE OXIDES
  45
MANUALS
  46 47
MANUFACTURERS
  24
MARKET
  3 29 74
MATERIAL BALANCE
  35 47
MATERIALS
  1 6  7 24 35 50
MATERIALS HANDLING
  47 77
MATERIALS HANDLING  EQUIPMENT
  42 53
MATERIALS TESTING
  11 14 15  17  18  20 23 26 27 41 49
  57 60 61 68 69  70 71 80
MATERIALS TESTS
  30

-------
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
  24 35 60 61 76
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
  13 47 84
MEASURING METHODS
  37 61
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
  15911 13 17  18  19 20 21  22  23
  25 26 32 33 37  41  42 48
MECHANICAL TESTS
  11 1931
MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
  58
MEETINGS
  4 16 49 51
MELTING
  21
MELTING POINTS
  66
MEMBRANES
  18 21 24
METALLOGRAPHY
  11 14 17 18 19  20  23 25 26  31  32
  33 36 37 41 42  48  76
METALLURGICAL EFFECTS
  2 9  11  14  17  18 23 25 26  28 31
  32 33 36 37 41  42  48 65
METALS
  28
MHD GENERATORS
  1 15 21 22 30 37 41
MICROSTRUCTURE
  2 8  9 13 14
MILLING
  16
MINING EQUIPMENT
  42
MIXING
  76
MOISTURE
  29 66
MOLTEN CARBONATE  FUEL CELLS
  17 18 19 23 26  28  30 31 32  33  36
  37 41
MOLTEN SALTS
  18 19 23
MOTORS
  85
NICKEL
  14 19 35 36 37
NICKEL ALLOYS
  2 48
NICKEL BASE  ALLOYS
  42
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
  14 17 18 19 23  25  26 28 31  32  41
NIMONIC
  54
NIOBIUM ADDITIONS
  5
NITRIDATION
  14 18
NITROGEN
  31 32
NITROGEN  OXIDES
  3 10 29 52 64
NONDESTRUCTIVE  TESTING
  9 14 15 17 18  19 23 25 26 30 31
  32 33 37 41 42  65  76
NOZZLES
  62 78
NP-8770295
  10
NTISDE
  59 60 61
NTISDEP
  52
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
  14 17 18 19 23
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
  16 38 51
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB., TN
  13
OIL SHALE PROCESSING PLANTS
  22
OIL SHALES
  30
OL
  54
OPERATING COST
  66
OPERATION
  4 20 43 79
OPTIMIZATION
  10
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
  60 75 76
ORNL
  30
ORNL-5771
  56
ORNL-6056
  35
ORNL-6264
  24
ORNLFMP-83-3
  41
ORNLFMP-832
  42
ORNLFMP-834
  37
ORNLFMP-842
  36
ORNLFMP-843
  33
ORNLFMP-844
  32
ORNLFMP-851
  31
ORNLFMP-852
  28
ORNLFMP-853
  26
ORNLFMP-854
  25
ORNLFMP-861
  23
ORNLFMP-862
  21
ORNLFMP-863
  19
ORNLFMP-864
  18
ORNLFMP-865
  22
ORNLFMP-871
  17
ORNLFMP-872
  14
ORNLFMP-881
  1 1
ORNLFMP-891
  9
ORNLFTR-3594
  4
ORNLTM-10242
  15
ORNLTM-9328
  30
ORNLTM-9735
  27
OUTAGES
  55 65 66
OXIDATION
  9 46 61 74

-------
OXIDES
  17
OXYGEN
  14 17  19 23  25  31  32  61
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
  20
PARTIAL  PRESSURE
  19 23  31
PARTICLE SIZE
  12 26  29 31  68
PARTICLES
  82 83  84
PARTICULATES
  3  12  14  17 41
PERFORMANCE
  38 50  51 59  81
PERFORMANCE  EVALUATION
  77
PERFORMANCE  TESTING
  4  20  53  68 69  70 71  72 78 79 82
  83
PHASE DIAGRAMS
  25 33  37
PHASE STABILITY
  36
PHASE STUDIES
  9  26  28  32
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
  33
PHENOL
  61
PHOSPHATE  PROCESS
  40
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  13 60  61 66
PILOT PLANTS
  53 67  83 84
PIPES
  30 60  61 62  76
PL
  59
PLANNING
  15 30
PLANTS
  66 73
PLUMES
  45
POLLUTION  ABATEMENT
  16
POLLUTION  CONTROL
  35
POLLUTION  CONTROL EQUIPMENT
  70
POLLUTION  REGULATIONS
  74
POTASSIUM
  19
POTASSIUM  CARBONATES
  36
POWER
  53
POWER GENERATION
  6  7  16 27  34 73 77 82
PRASEODYMIUM OXIDES
  18
PREHEATERS
  55
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
  61 81
PRESSURE DROP
  20
PRESSURE EFFECTS
  12
PRESSURE VESSELS
  14 18  26 28  30  31  32  33 35 36 37
  42 48  60 61  75  76
PROCEEDINGS
  16
PROCESS COMPUTERS
  43
PROCESS CONTROL
  46 47
PROCESS HEAT
  43 73
PRODUCTION
  83
PROGRAM
  35 70 78 8O
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
  3
PROGRESS REPORT
  2 9  10 12 14
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
  2 18 3O 62 76
PUMPS
  6 7 61 62 75
PURIFICATION
  76
PWR TYPE REACTORS
  38 44 51
PYROLYSIS
  75
QUANTITY RATIO
  39 45
QUINONES
  60 61
RAC
  74
RAILWAYS
  85
RAMAN  SPECTRA
  33
RANKINE CYCLE
  6 7  54
REACTOR MATERIALS
  44
RECOMMENDATIONS
  20 27 65
RECOVERY
  35 74
RECYCLING
  59 60
REDUCTION
  10
REFRACTORIES
  14 15 22 26  28 3O  31  32  33  36  37
  42
REFRACTORY METALS
  80
REGENERATION
  59 83
REGULATIONS
  47
REINFORCED MATERIALS
  14 26 31
RELIABILITY
  4 45
REMOVAL
  39 47 62 84
REPORT
  44 47 58 64  65 81
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
  3 6  7 9  15 28 32 34  36  43  50 68
  69 70 71 72  78 80  82
RESIDUAL STRESSES
  26 37
RESIDUES
  75 76
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
  4
RESPONSE FUNCTIONS
  13
RETROFITTING
  75 76 77
REVIEWS
  29 39 79

-------
RHEOLOGY
  60 61
RISK ASSESSMENT
  29
SAFETY
  16
SCALERS
  9
SCALING
  2 5 40
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  13 28 32 36
SCRUBBERS
  46 47 60 62 63 67
SENSITIVITY
  29
SERVICE LIFE
  4
SES
  60
SHALE OIL
  52
SHALE OIL FRACTIONS
  64
SHELL-UOP COPPER OXIDE PROCESS
  40
SILICON
  2 32 42
SILICON CARBIDES
  32 35 36 37 42
SINTERING
  12
SLAGS
  16 36 45 66 77
SLUDGES
  39 47 74
SODIUM
  29
SODIUM CARBONATES
  39 40
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
  39
SOLID  WASTES
  76
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL
  39
SOOT
  45
SORBENT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
  59
SORPTION
  12
SORPTIVE PROPERTIES
  12
SPECIFICATIONS
  46 69
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
  77
SPRAYED COATINGS
  50
SRC PROCESS
  35 60 61
SRC-II  PROCESS
  60
STABILIZATION
  39
STACK  DISPOSAL
  39
STAINLESS  STEEL-304
  56
STAINLESS  STEEL-310
  13
STAINLESS  STEEL-316
  27 62 81
STAINLESS  STEELS
  27 42 48 54
STATES
  39 40 74
STEAG-KRAFTWERKSBETRIEBSGESELL
  10
STEAM CONDENSERS
  38 51
STEAM GENERATORS
  6 7 27 56 79
STEAM LINES
  6 7
STEAM TURBINES
  4 27 48 53 68 69 70 71 81
STEAM-IRON PROCESS
  75 76
STEELS
  28 36 42 44 48 75
STORAGE
  77
STRAIN HARDENING
  13
STRESS ANALYSIS
  28 50
STRESS CORROSION
  61
STRESSES
  36 48
STRUCTURAL MODELS
  35
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
  29 34
SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
  35
SUBSTITUTES
  74
SULFATES
  39 74
SULFIDATION
  2 9 61
SULFITES
  46
SULFUR
  35 45 83 84
SULFUR CONTENT
  12 29
SULFUR DIOXIDE
  3 12 39 40 46 47 62 74
SULFUR TRIOXIDE
  45
SULFURIC ACID
  39 45 74
SUPERHEATERS
  1 27 81
SUR
  67
SURFACE CONTAMINATION
  84
SURFACES
  8
SVF-356
  5
SYNTHESIS
  35 42
SYNTHESIS GAS
  34
SYNTHETIC FUELS
  52 64 78 80
TABLES
  67 68 69 70 71  72
TASK
  68 69
TE
  61
TEC
  28
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
  4  15 22 28  30  35  39  40 48 74
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
  9  15 22 28  3O  48
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
   1 35 42 43  48  61  81

-------
TENNESSEE VALLEY  AUTHORITY
  61 66
TENSILE PROPERTIES
  35
TEST FACILITIES
  4 13 42 57
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
  60 61
THERMAL EFFICIENCY
  58
THERMAL POWER  PLANTS
  4
THERMAL SHOCK
  13 42
THERMOCHEMICAL DIAGRAMS
  42
THERMODYNAMIC  CYCLES
  81
TIC
  72
TIS-6105
  54
TOPPING CYCLES
  75
TOTAL  ENERGY  SYSTEMS
  85
TRANSLATIONS
  79
TRANSMISSION  ELECTRON MICROSCO
  28
TRAVEL
  4
TUBES
  9 56 58  81
TURBINE BLADES
  50 57 59
TURBINES
  75
ULTRASONIC  TESTING
  65
UNITS
  46
US  DOE
  3  15 30
USA
  29 39 40 74 79
VACUUM SYSTEMS
  6 7
VALUES
  35
VALVES
  27 30 60 61 75 76
VANADIUM
  45
VAPOR  GENERATORS
   16
VARIATIONS
  4
VELOCITY
  43
VERY HIGH  TEMPERATURE
  50 57 81
VISCOSITY
  45 66
W-L SULFUR  DIOXIDE RECOVERY PR
  39 40
WASTE  DISPOSAL
  39 47 74 76
WASTE  HEAT UTILIZATION
  76
WASTE  WATER
  35
WATER  CHEMISTRY
  56
WATER  TREATMENT
  35
WEAR
  28 42
WELDED JOINTS
  48
WELDING
  28 35 48 60 61 75
WELDING FLUXES
  48
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  28
YIELD STRENGTH
  35
YPE
  56
YTTRIUM
  2
YTTRIUM OXIDES
  2
ZWEIFACH-DAMPFPROZESS
  6 7

-------
29

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                         PHONE: (703)487-4650  FAX: (703) 321-8547
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NTIS Published Search Catalog - PR 186/CBY
Price
no charge
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