United States
&EFA
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Cincinnati OH 45268
Environmental Monitoring and Support EPA GOO 9 79 013
April 1979
The
Practical
Directory to
PHYCOVIRUS
LITERATURE
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
COVER PHOTO:
Electron micrograph of the virus AS-1 which infects the unicellular blue-green
algae Anacystis nidulans and Synechococcus cedrorum.
-------
EPA-600 9-79-013
April 1979
The Practical Directory to
Phycovirus Literature
Compiled by
Robert S. Safferman, Ph.D.
and
Mary-Ellen Rohr
1979
Virology Section
Biological Methods Branch
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
-------
Disclaimer
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
Preface
This literature search program is an outgrowth of our earlier efforts to achieve in-depth coverage of
accruing developments in phycovirus research. Compilation of such material in a continuous and
comprehensive form led to integrating traditional retrieval procedures with those of computerized
literature searches. By 1974 inquiries on the subject had increased to where there was a need for a
formalization of this index. Thus, 88 phycovirus reports on file at that time were compiled and referenced
in a publication titled "Phycovirus Bibliography." Editions were updated in 1975, 1977, and now in 1979
with the present list of publications totalling more than 200 citations.
By compiling these bibliographic citations, we have set out to create an index that will fulfill the needs
not only of those who require a general overview of the subject but also of those who require a
comprehensive, practical reference source for their studies. We hope that it will also serve as a stimulus
for future research and discussion on the subject, while at the same time enabling the reader to denote
the different directions phycovirus research has taken. Every effort has been made to achieve an
exhaustive indexing of phycovirus literature. In this endeavor, we have been fortunate in receiving
indispensable support and cooperation from investigators who have been closely associated with
research in this field.
The 1979 edit ion retains the organization and scope of preceding editions with citations divided into two
sections. Section One lists citations that pertain to viruses of procaryotic algae, whereas Section Two
contains those publications that deal with viruses of eucaryotic algae. In assessing the two sections, it is
readily apparent that viruses of the procaryotic algae have been the more thoroughly researched and
thus the better understood of the two groups. As a result, the term "phycovirus," introduced to denote
algal viruses in general, has become almost synonymous with blue-green algal viruses.
Reflecting on procaryotic organization in common among bacteria and blue-green algae, it is evident
that many morphological and chemical similarities are likely to exist between the viruses infecting them.
As studies further document this relationship, more and more phycovirus researchers have used the
term "cyanophages" when referring to viruses of blue-green algae. A parallel relationship might be
foreseen between viruses of eucaryotic algae yet to be confirmed and those viruses known to infect
higher plants Unfortunately, researchers are faced with formidable obstacles in their attempts to isolate
or even demonstrate the presence of viruses of eucaryotic algae. Evidence of these viruses is vague with
one exception—a rod-shaped virus, which shares many properties with those of the tobamovirus, has
been isolated from Chara corallina. In this connection, it is worth pointing out that the disposition
of Chara poses a difficult problem to the taxonomist. Because of its unique features, it is unclear whether
Chara appears to resemble more closely the characteristics of bryophytes or those of algae.
This edition is to be submitted to the Bacteriophage Subcommittee of the International Committee on
Taxonomy of Viruses where it is to serve as a practical guide to viruses of the blue-green algae. In
keeping with this new role, the title "Phycovirus Bibliography" has been changed with the 1 979 edition
to "The Practical Directory to Phycovirus Literature." Authenticating the growing number of reported
phycoviruses is beyond the scope of this Directory Nevertheless proper documentation of phycovirus
strains should be comprehensively broached Clearly, this increases the need for long-term preservation
of these strains and their housing in a central depository from which they would be readily accessible to
the scientific community.
-------
Acknowledgements
In preparing this edition, the authors are especially indebted to Joan G. Lobitz and Lady Fay Holmes for
their invaluable secretarial services. The authors also wish to express their appreciation to the following
colleagues from the Environmental Research Center Library Services who have assisted in the
phycovirus literature search program: Mary Calkins, Maxine Smith, Lilian Bosworth and Dottie Brofft.
IV
-------
Introductory Remarks
These introductory remarks are intended to bring to the reader's attention significant trends in
phycovirus research. Although research in this field may appear to be of limited scope in the overall
context of virology, its domain is nevertheless extensive. It includes divergent lines of development from
which many early problems have yet to be resolved affording investigators a wide variety of basic and
applied research opportunities.
Although phycoviruses were still unknown in the early 1960's, we considered it unlikely that the
biological characteristics of the algal cell were such that the entire group would be immune to viral
infection. During this time waste stabilization ponds became the focal point of our search for this viral
type. Supporting a dense and fluctuating algal population, these ponds offered a unique environment
from which to isolate the elusive phycovirus. In 1 963 a pond in Indiana yielded the first definite evidence
that such an infestation existed in algae. The discovered infectious agent was the LPP-1 virus which
caused lysis in several blue-green algal species of the genera Plectonema. Phormidium, and Lyngbya.
Confirmation of data supporting the existence of this virus group soon followed, as did the interesting
aspect of their wide geographic distribution.
Historically, no notice was taken of phycoviruses during the nearly 50 years following the first descrip-
tion of a filterable virus of bacteria. This time lapse between the two discoveries was perhaps inevitable
in that, unlike bacteria, algae had neither been closely associated with animal or human diseases, nor
had they been demonstrated as a pathogenic agent of agricultural crops. Also important was the fact
that culturing was non-essential in many earlier studies as algae were readily recognizable in samples
collected directly from their natural habitats.
The events which ultimately led to the detection of phycoviruses originated from a concerted effort to
better understand the underlying factors responsible for algal degeneration. With the discovery of the
phycovirus, a new concept in algal pathology evolved since these viruses had the capacity to exercise a
far-reaching effect on the natural balance of algal communities. Our knowledge is still too limited to
attribute specific incidences of algal fluctuations directly to virus activity. However, the magnitude and
distribution of one group of these viruses have led some to believe that their lytic activity precludes
several susceptible algal species from attaining objectionable proportions. At a time of increasing
concern about algal overabundance in the aquatic environment, .the very nature of the phycovirus
clearly points to its possible development as an alternative to chemical control. Such application has
popular appeal and support in offering a basic approach to algal population ecology and control. Early
attempts to establish a broad collection of these viruses led to extensive surveys of the environment that
consistently yielded the LPP viral types from which our early concepts were developed. Considering their
distribution and ease of detection, it is difficult to comprehend the infrequency with which other
phycovirus groups have been isolated. These ecological considerations, however, afford only one view
of the experimental aspects realized from their discovery.
Much of the current interest is focused on the inherent properties of the phycovirus-host system. It is not
surprising that this work has closely followed the lead taken by bacteriophage studies. Like the phage
system, the phycovirus system can be manipulated with ease and provide clearly-defined conditions
often not attainable in higher organisms. Its basic application as a model to further our understanding of
the function a nd organization of photosynthesizing cells seems destined to lead to the numerous inroads
in molecular biology that have already been realized through studies with phage-bactena systems.
-------
Viruses of Procaryotic Algae
Adolph K.W. Isolation and characterization of viruses infecting blue-green algae. Ph.D. Thesis,
University of Chicago, 1972.
Adolph, K.W. and Haselkorn, R. Isolation and characterization of a virus infecting the blue-green
alga Nostoc muscorum. Virology 46:200-208, 1971.
Adolph, K.W. and Haselkorn, R. Photosynthesis and the development of blue-green algal virus N-1.
Virology 47:370-374, 1972.
Adolph, K.W. and Haselkorn, R. Comparison of the structures of blue-green algal viruses LPP-IMand
LPP-2 and bacteriophage T7. Virology 47:701-710, 1972.
Adolph, K.W. and Haselkorn, R. Blue-green algal virus N-1: physical properties and disassembly
into structural parts. Virology 53:427-440, 1973.
Adolph, K.W. and Haselkorn, R. Isolation and characterization of a virus infecting a blue-green alga
of the genus Synechococcus. Virology 54:230-236, 1 973.
AI-Musavi, R.A. Effect of photosynthesis and respiration on growth of cyanophages of Anabaena
variabilis. Mikrobiologiya 46:725-729, 1977.
Allen, M.M. and Hutchison, F. Effect of some environmental factors on cyanophage AS-1
development in Anacystis nidulans. Arch. Microbiol. 110:55-60, 1976.
Amla, D.V. Genetics of cyanophyceae and cyanophages. Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu University,
India, 1976.
Amla, D.V. Photoreactivation of ultraviolet irradiated blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans and
cyanophage AS-1. Arch. Virology 59:173-179, 1979.
Asato, Y. Ultraviolet light inactivation and photoreactivation of AS-1 cyanophage in Anacystis
nidulans. Jour. Bact. 126:550-552, 1976.
Barkley, M.B. Ultrastructure of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans infected with the AS-1
virus. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 1976.
Barkley, M.B. and Desjardins, P.R. Simple, effective method for purifying the AS-1
cyanophage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:971-974, 1977.
Bobrovnik, S.A., Mendzhul, M.I., and Lysenko, T.G. Kinetics mechanism and thermodynamics of
cyanophage A-1 adsorption on the cells of algae-host. Biofizika 23.489-493, 1978.
Booth, S.J. Isolation, identification, and partial characterization of cyanophage LPP-2N. Ph.D.
Thesis, University of Nebraska, 1975.
-------
Borbely, G., Kolcsei, M., and Farkas, G.L. Post-maturational cleavage of 23S ribosomal-RNA in
Anacystis nidulans is inhibited by infection with cyanophage AS-1. Molec. Biol. Rpts. 3:139-142,
1976.
Brown, R.M., Jr. Algal viruses. Adv. Virus Research 17:243-277, 1972.
Brown, R.M., Jr., Smith, K.M., and Walne, P.L. Replication cycle of the blue-green algal virus LPP-1.
Nature 212:729-730, 1966.
Cannon, R. Field and ecological studies on blue-green algal viruses. Proc. Symp. Water Quality
Management Through Biological Control, Rpt. No. ENV-07-75-1, Dept. Environ. Eng. Sci.,
University of Florida, 1975.
Cannon, R.E. The effect of stress and non-stress conditions upon the interaction of Plectonema
boryanum and the LPP-phycoviruses. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Delaware, 1973.
Cannon, R.E. and Shane, M.S. The effect of antibiotic stress on protein synthesis in the
establishment of lysogeny of Plectonema boryanum. Virology 49:130-133, 1972.
Cannon, R.E., Shane, M.S., and Bush, V.N. Lysogeny of a blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum.
Virology 45:149-153, 1971.
Cannon, R.E., Shane, M.S., and DeMichele, E. Ecology of blue-green algal viruses. Jour. Environ.
Eng. Div., ASCE, 100:1205-1211, 1974.
Cannon, R.E., Shane, M.S., and Whitaker, J.M. Interaction of Plectonema boryanum
(Cyanophyceae) and the LPP-cyanophages in continuous culture. Jour. Phycol. 12:418-421,1976.
Chaubey, I.J. Genetics of blue-green algae and their viruses: isolation, characterization and
mutagenesis of cyanophages. Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, India, 1973.
Choudhury, I.D. Genetics of blue-green algae and their viruses. Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu
University, India, 1973.
Cocito, C., Boucau. B., and Goldstein, D. Induction of a lytic cycle in lysogenic cyanophyces.
Internal. Colloquia of the National Center for Scientific Research #261. Nucleic acids and protein
synthesis in plants. Strasbourg, France, p. 657-662, 1976.
Cocito, C. and Goldstein, D. Inhibition of lytic induction in lysogenic cyanophyces. Jour. Virology
23:483-491, 1977.
Cowie, D.B. and Prager, L.K. Cyanophyta and their viruses. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Yearbook
1968-1969, p. 391-397, 1970.
Cowlishaw, J. and Mrsa, M. Co-evolution of a virus-alga system. Appl. Microbiol. 29:234-239,
1975.
Daft, M.J., Begg, J., and Stewart, W.D.P. A virus of blue-green algae from freshwater habitats in
Scotland. New Phytology 69:1029-1038, 1970.
Delaney, S.F., Herdman, M., and Carr, N.G. Genetics of blue-green algae. 4. Cyanophages. In R.A.
Lewin, (ed.), The Genetics of Algae, University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 15-16, 1976.
Desjardins, P. and Barkley, M. AS-1 virus adsorption to cells and spheroplasts of Synechococcus
cedrorum. 30th Ann. Proc. Electron Microscopy Soc. Amer., p. 332-333, 1972.
Desjardins, P.R., Barkley. M.B., Swiecki, S.A., and West, S.N. Viral control of blue-green algae.
Report #169, California Water Resources Center, University of California, 1978.
-------
Dhaliwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.K. Chromatographic purification of blue-green algal virus LPP-1.
Adv. Frontiers Plant Sci. 21:195-203, 1968.
Dhaliwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.K. Physiology of algae and the in-vivo multiplication of algal virus.
Adv. Frontiers Plant Sci. 24:65-74, 1970.
Dhar, B. Genetics of blue-green algae and their viruses. Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu University,
India, 1972.
Fjerdingstad, E. Gas vacuoles and other virus-like structures in blue-green algae. Schweiz. Zeitsch.
Hydrologie 34:135-154, 1972.
Fox, J.A., Booth, S.J., and Martin, E.L. Cyanophage SM-2: a new blue-green algal virus. Virology
73:557-560, 1976.
Ginzberg, D., Padan, E., and Shilo, M. Effect of cyanophage infection on CCh photoassimilation in
Plectonema boryanum. Jour. Virology 2:695-701, 1968.
Ginzberg, D., Padan, E., and Shilo, M. Metabolic aspects of LPP cyanophage replication in the
cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 423:440-449, 1976.
Goldstein, D.A. Some biological, chemical and physical properties of blue-green algal virus LPP-1.
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1966.
Goldstein, D.A. and Bendet, I.J. Physical properties of the DNA from the blue-green algal virus
LPP-1. Virology, 32:614-618, 1967.
Goldstein, D.A., Bendet, I.J., Lauffer, M.A., and Smith, K.M. Some biological andphysicochemical
properties of blue-green algal virus LPP-1. Virology 32:601-613, 1967.
Goryushin, V.A. and Chaplinskaya, S.M. Existence of viruses of blue-green algae. Mikrobiol. Zh.
Akad. Nauk. Ukr. RSR 28:94-97, 1966.
Goryushin, V.A. and Chaplinskaya, S.M. Finding of the viruses lysing blue-green algae. In Blooming
Waters, Scientific Thought Publishing House, Kiev, p. 171-174, 1968.
Goryushin, V.A. and Chaplinskaya,S.M. Viruses of blue-green algae. In V.D. Federov and M.M.
Telitchenko (ed.), Topical Problems of the Biology of Bluegreen Algae, IMauka, Moscow, p. 9-17,
1974.
Goryushin, V.A., Chaplinskaya, S.M. Shainskaya, O.A., and Lakosnik, V.IM. Viruses lysing blue-
green algae. In Viruses and Viral Diseases of Plants, Naukova DTjmka, Kiev, p. 45-53, 1974.
Goryushin, V.A., Shatokhina, E.S., Grigoreva, G.A., and Shestakov, S.V. Lysogeny in unicellular
blue-green algae. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. VI, Biol. Pochvoved. 31:82-84, 1976.
Granhall, U. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae: infection by cyanophages. Physiol. Plantarum 26:332-337,
1972.
Granhall, U., and v. Hofsten, A. The ultrastructure of a cyanophage attack on Anabaena variabilis.
Physiol. Planatarum 22:713-722, 1969.
Gromov, B.V. Microorganisms—Algal Parasites. University of Leningrad Publishing House,
Leningrad, 1976.
Gromov, B.V., Khudyakov, I.Ya., and Mamkaeva, K.A. An electron microscopic study of the
mtracellular development of cyanophage A-4(L). Bull. Leningrad University, #1 5, p. 74-76, 1975.
-------
Gromov, B.V. and Kozyakov, S.Ya. A study of the peculiarities of the interrelationship between a
blue-green algal population, Plectonema boryanum and cyanophage LPP-1. Bull. Leningrad
University, #3, p. 128-135, 1970.
Gromov, B.V., Kozyakov, S.Ya., Mamkaeva, K.A., and Gaevskaya, E.i. Electron microscopic study
of cyanophage A-1(L) development in the cells of blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis. Bull. Acad.
Sci. USSR, Biol., #2, p. 286-288, 1974.
Haselkorn, R. and Rouviere-Yaniv, J. Cyanobacterial DNA-binding protein related to Escherichia coli
HU. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:1917-1920, 1976.
Jackson, D. and Sladecek, V. Algal viruses—eutrophication control potential. Yale Scientific
Magazine 44:16-21, 1970.
Karbysheva, E.A., Goryushin, V.A., Mikhailyuk, D.P., and Shestakov, S.V. A study of the survival
of cyanophage AM-1 irradiated with UV and x-rays in cells of radiosensitive mutants of the blue-
green alga Anacystis nidulans. Biol. Nauki. 17:118-121, 1974.
Kashyap, A.K. Mutagenesis in cyanophage LPP-1 and its host alga Plectonema boryanum. Ph.D.
Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, India, 1971.
Katz, A. Weckesser, J., Drews, G., and Mayer, H. Chemical and biological studies on the
lipopolysaccharide (0-antigen) of Anacystis nidulans. Arch. Microbiol. 113:247-256, 1977.
Kaushik, B.D. and Venkataraman, G.S. Isolation of a new cyanophage, TAuHN-1. Current Science
42:395-396, 1973.
Khudyakov, I.Ya. Characteristics of a new cyanophage S-2L lysing the unicellular cyanobacterium
belonging to Synechococcus genus. Mikrobiologiya 46:547-553, 1977.
Khudyakov, I.Ya. and Gromov, B.V. The temperate cyanophage A-4(L) of the blue-green alga
Anabaena variabilis. Mikrobiologiya 42:904-907, 1973.
Khudyakov, I.Ya., Kirnos, M.D., Aleksandrushkina, IM.I., and Vanyushin, B.F. 2,6-
Diaminopurine—a new adenine substituting base in DNAof cyanophage S-2. DokladyAkad. Nauk.
SSSR 232:965-968, 1977.
Khudyakov, I.Ya., Kirnos, M.D., Alexandrushkina, IM.I., and Vanyushin, B.F. Cyanophage S-2L
contains DNA with 2,6-diaminopurine substituted for adenine. Virology 88:8-18, 1978.
Kirillova, P.M. and Chaplinskaya, S.M. Morphogenesis of the virus of blue-green algae studied by
electron microscopy. Mikrobiologiya 42:510-512, 1973.
Kirnos, M.D., Khudyakov, I.Ya., Alexandrushkina, IM.I., and Vanyushin, B.F. 2-Aminoadenine is an
adenine substituting for a base in S-2L cyanophage DNA. Nature 270:369-370, 1977.
Kozyakov, S.Ya. A study of the development of cyanophage A-1 (L) in a culture of the blue-green alga
Anabaena variabilis. Bull. Leningrad University, #15, p. 102-108, 1974.
Kozyakov, S.Ya. Cyanophages of series A(L), specific for blue-green algae Anabaena variabilis. In
B.V. Gromov, (ed.), Experimental Algology. Biological Scientific Research Institute, Leningrad State
University, p. 151-171, 1977.
Kozyakov, S.Ya. and Efremova, L.P. A comparative study of the cyanophages of Anabaena variabilis
by the method of electrophoresis. Bull. Leningrad University, #21, p. 104-106, 1975.
-------
Kozyakov, S.Ya., Gromov, B.V., and Khudyakov, I.Ya. A-1(L)—cyanophage of the blue-green alga
Anabaena variabilis. Mikrobiologiya 41:555-559, 1972.
Luftig, R.B. Studies on cyanophage LPP-1. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chicago, 1967.
Luftig, R. and Haselkorn, R. Morphology of a virus of blue-green algae and properties of its
deoxyribonucleic acid. Jour. Virology 1:344-361, 1967.
Luftig, R. and Haselkorn,R. Studies on the structure of blue-green algae virus LPP-1. Virology 34:
664-674, 1968.
Luftig, R. and Haselkorn, R. Comparison of blue-green algae virus LPP-1 and the morphologically
related viruses Gill and coliphage T7. Virology 34:675-678, 1968.
Mackenzie, J.J. An investigation of the blue-green algae virus SM-1. Ph.D. Thesis, University of
Chicago, 1972.
Mackenzie, J.J. and Haselkorn, R. Physical properties of blue-green algal virus SM-1 and its DNA.
Virology 49:497-504, 1972.
Mackenzie, J.J. and Haselkorn, R. An electron microscope study of infection by the blue-green algal
virus SM-1. Virology 49:505-516, 1972.
Mackenzie, J.J. and Haselkorn, R. Photosynthesis and the development of blue-green algal virus
SM-1. Virology 49:517-521, 1972.
McLaughlin, T. and Lazaroff, IM. PhotoGensitization of cyanophage N-1 Jour. Gen. Virology 25:1 71 -
174, 1974.
McMillan, J.A. S-2, a new virus of unicellular cyanobacteria. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin,
1976.
Mendzhul. M.I., Bobrovnik, S.P., and Lysenko, T.G. Study of cyanophage LPP-1 adsorption on cells
of cyanophyceae (Plectonema boryanum). Voprosy Virusologii #1, p. 31-36, 1974.
Mendzhul, M.I..Bobrovnik, S.P., Lysenko, T.G., and Shved, A.D. Effect of certain physioco-
chermcal factors on the infectivity of cyanophages A-1, LPP-1A, and LPP-3 Mikrobiol Zh.
37:73-79, 1975.
Mendzhul, M.I., Lysenko, T.G., and Bobrovnik, S.P. Effect of several physicochemical factors on
reproduction of A-1 and LPP-1A viruses in algal cells. MikrobioJ. Zh 36:738-742, 1974
Mendzhul, M.I., Lysenko, T.G., Bobrovnik, S.P., Sagun.T.S., and IMesterova, IM.V. Detection of the
blue-green algae virus with octahedral type of symmetry Mikrobiol Zh. 37 71 3-71 7, 1 975
Mendzhul, M.I., Lysenko, T.G., Bobrovnik, S.P., and Spivak, M.Ya. Detection of A-1 virus of blue
green alga Anabaena variabilis in the Kremenchug artificial reservoir. Mikrobiol. Zh. 35:747-751,
1973.
Mendzhul, M.I., IMesterova,IM.V.. Zhuk, I.P., Gorbarenko, M.I., and Lysenko, T.G. Formation of the
infectious form of the blue-green algal virus in plant tissue culture Mikrobiol Zh 35:601-605
1973
Mendzhul, M.I. and Zhygir, V.V. Electron microscopic investigation of thecaudal process structure of
the virus LPP-1 isolate. Mikrobiol Zh 33460-464, 1971
-------
Mendzhul, M.I., Zhygir, V.V., Bobrovnik, S.P., and Lysenko, T.G. Identification of virus LPP-1
isolates from artificial water bodies of the Dnieper. Mikrobiol. Zh. 36:47-53, 1974.
Mendzhul, M.I., Zhygir, V.V., Bobrovnik, S.P., and Lysenko, T.G. Some biological properties of
cyanophage LPP-1 strain. Mikrobiol. Zh. 36:185-189, 1974.
Mendzhul, M.I., Zhygir, V.V., and Lysenko, T.G. Concentration of LPP-1 virus using polyethylene
glycol. Mikrobiol. Zh. 34:375-377, 1972
Menzel, G. and Stenz, E. Effect of virazole (ribavirin) on virus-prokaryote systems. Acta Microbiol
Acad. Sci Hungary 25:1 1-15, 1978
Menzel, G., Stenz, E., Toure, I.M., Gebler, B., and Schuster, G. Effect of several plant growth
regulators on various prokaryotes and their viruses Zeitschrift fur Allg. Mikrobiologie 15:259-
268, 1975
Moskovets, S.M., Mendzhul, M.I., Nesterova, N.V.. Dyachenko, M.S., Vantsak, N.P., and
Lysenko, T.G. Infection of HeLa cells with nucleic acids of LPP group algophages. Mikrobiol. Zh
3643-46, 1974.
Moskovets, S.M., Mendzhul, M.I., Mesterova, N.V., Khil, O.S., and Zhygir, V.V. A virus lysmg
certain species of blue-green algae Biol. Nauki. 14:88-91, 1971.
Moskovets, S.M., Nesterova, N.V., Votselko, S.K., Stepaniuk, V.V., Mendzhul. M.I., and
Pilipenko, V.G. Physical characteristics and electron microscopy of virus LPP-1 DNA. Mikrobiol.
Zh 33583-589, 1971.
Nesterova,IM. V., Pilipenko, V.G., Mendzhul, M.I., and Votselko, S.K. Study of structural proteins of
LPP-1A cyanophage. Mikrobiol Zh. 37:606-609, 1975.
Nesterova, N.V., Sagun, T.S., Pilipenko, V.G., and Aleksandrushkina, N.I. Nucleotidecomposition
of DNA in blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum and virus LPP-1. Mikrobiol. Zh. 35:126-129,
1973
Padan, E., Ginsburg, D., and Shilo, M. The reproductive cycle of cyanophage LPP1 -G \r\Plectonema
boryanum and its dependence on photosynthetic and respiratory systems Virology 40:514-521,
1970
Padan, E., Raboy, B., and Shilo, M. Endogenous dark respiration of the blue-green alga, Plectonema
boryanum. Jour Bactenol 106:45-50, 1971
Padan, E., Rimon, A., Ginzburg, D., and Shilo, M. A thermosensitive cyanophage (LPP1-G)
attacking the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum. Virology 45:773-776, 1971
Padan, E. and Shilo, M. Spread of viruses attacking blue-green algae m freshwater ponds and their
interaction with Plectonema boryanum Bamidgeh 20 77-87, 1968.
Padan, E. and Shilo, M. Distribution of cyanophages in natural habitats Verh. Internal Verem
Limnol 17 747-751, 1969
Padan, E. and Shilo, M. Cyanophages viruses attacking blue-green algae Bactenol Reviews 37:
343-370, 1973
Padan, E., Shilo, M., and Kislev, N. Isolation of "cyanophages" from fresh water ponds and their
interaction with Plectonema boryanum. Virology 32 234-246, 1967
Pndan, E., Shilo, M., and Oppenheim, A.B. Lysogenv of the blue green alga Plectonema boryanum
by LPP2-SPI cyanophage. Virology 47:525-526, 1972.
-------
Padhy. R.N. and Singh, P.K. Mutation to resistance for virus N-1 in the blue-green alga Nostoc
muscorum. Arch. Virology 52:85-90, 1976.
Padhy, R.IM. and Singh, P.K. Effect of physical and chemical agents on the blue-green alga I virus N-1.
Acta Virologica 21:264-267, 1977.
Padhy, R.N. and Singh, P.K. Effect of temperature on the adsorption and one-step growth of the
Nostoc virus N-1. Arch. Microbiol. 115:163-167, 1977.
Padhy, R.N. and Singh, P.K. Effect of pH and EDTA on multiplication of the blue-green algal virus
N-1. Microbios Letters 5:135-139, 1977.
Padhy, R.M. and Singh, P.K. Stabilizing effects of metallic ions in the blue-green algal virus N-1.
Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 173:188-192, 1978.
Padhy, R.N. and Singh, P.K. Effects of host aging, ions, and pH on the adsorption of the cyanovirus
N-1 \oNostocmuscorum. Arch. Microbiol. 116:289-292, 1978.
Padhy, R.N. and Singh, P.K. Lysogeny in the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. Arch. Microbiol.
117:265-268, 1978.
Parker, D.L., Jansen, G.P., and Corbett, L. Effects of cyanophage SAM-1 upon Microcystis
aerugmosa U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Research Series, EPA-600/3-
77-079, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, 1977.
Pearson, N.J., Small, E.A., and Allen, M.M. Electron microscopic study of the infection oiAnacystis
nidulans by the cyanophage AS-1. Virology 65:469-479, 1975.
Peelen, R. Possibilities to prevent blue-green algal growth in the Delta region of the Netherlands.
Verh. Internal. Verein. Limnol. 17:763-766, 1969.
Pilipenko, V.G.. Nesterova, N.V., Mendzhul, M.I.. and Bobrovnik. S.P. Certain properties of lytic
enzymes of LPP-1A cyanophage Mikrobiol. Zh. 37:460-467, 1975.
Polukhina, L.E., Karbysheva, E.A., and Shestakov, S.V. Reactivation of ultraviolet irradiated
cyanophage AS-1 in cells of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. VI,
Biol. Pochvoved. 31:30-33, 1976.
Raboy, B., Padan, E., and Shilo, M. Heterotrophic capacities of Plectonerna boryanum. Arch.
Microbiol 110:77-85, 1976
Reim, R.L., Shane, M.S., and Cannon, R.E. The characterization of a-bacillus capable of blue-green
bactericidal activity. Can J. Microbiol. 20:981-986, 1974.
Rimon, A. and Oppenheim, A.B. Isolation and genetic mapping of temperature-sensitive mutants of
cyanophage LPP2-SPI Virology 62.454-569, 1974.
Rimon, A. and Oppenheim, A.B. Heat induction of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum
lysogenic for the cyanophage SPIcfsL Virology 64:454-463, 1975.
Rimon, A. and Oppenheim, A.B. Protein synthesis following infection of the blue-green alga
Plectonema boryanum with the temperate virus SPI and its ts mutants. Virology 71:444-452,
1976
Rubenchik, L.I.. Bershova, O.I.. Novikova, N.S., and Kopteva, Zh.P. Lysis of the blue-green alga
Microcystis pulverea. Mikrobiol. Zh. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. RSR 2888-91, 1966.
-------
Safferman, R.S. Virus diseases in blue-green algae. In D.F. Jackson (ed.), Algae, Man, and the
Environment. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, p. 429-439, 1968.
Safferman, R.S. Phycoviruses. In N.G. Carr and B.A. Whitton (ed.), The Biology of Blue-green Algae,
Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford, p. 214-237, 1973.
Safferman, R.S. Special methods—virus detection in cyanophyceae. In J.R. Stein (ed.), Handbook
of Phycological Methods-Culture Methods and Growth Measurements, Cambridge University
Press, London, p. 145-158, 1973.
Safferman, R.S.,Diener, T.O.,Desjardins, P.R., and Morris, M.E. Isolation and characterization of
AS-1, a phycovirus infecting the blue-green algae Anacystis nidulans and Synechococcus
cedrorum. Virology 47:105-113, 1972.
Safferman, R.S. and Morris, M.E. Algal virus: isolation. Science 140:679-680, 1963.
Safferman, R.S. and Morris, M.E. Control of algae with viruses. Jour. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc.
56:1217-1224, 1964.
Safferman, R.S. and Morris, M.E. Growth characteristics of the blue-green algal virus LPP-1.
Jour. Bacteriol. 88:771-775, 1964.
Safferman, R.S. and Morris, M.E. Observations on the occurrence, distribution, and seasonal
incidence of blue-green algal viruses. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1219-1222, 1967.
Safferman, R.S., Morris, M.E., Sherman, L.A., and Haselkorn, R. Serological and electron
microscopic characterization of a new group of blue-green algal viruses (LPP-2). Virology 39:775-
780, 1969.
Safferman, R.S., Schneider, I.R., Steere, R.L., Morris, M.E., and Diener, T.O. Phycovirus SM-1: a
virus infecting unicellular blue-green algae. Virology 37:386-395, 1969.
Samimi, B. and Drews, G. Adsorption of cyanophage AS-1 to unicellular cyanobacteria and isolation
of receptor material from Anacystis nidulans. J. Virology 25:164-174, 1978.
Satava, J. Blue-green algae and cyanophagesasa model in molecular biology. Biol. Listy 41:121-1 24,
1976.
Schneider, I.R., Diener, T.O., and Safferman, R.S. Blue-green algal virus LPP-1: purification and
partial characterization. Science 144:1127-1130, 1964.
Shane, M.S. Distribution of blue-green algal viruses in various types of natural waters. Water
Research 5:711-716, 1971.
Shane, M.S., Cannon, R.E., and DeMichele, E. Pollution effects on phycovirus and host algae
ecology. Jour. Water Pollution Control Fed. 44:2294-2302, 1972.
Shane, M.S., Wilson, S.B., and Fries, C.R. Virus-host system for use in the study of virus removal.
Jour. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc. 59:1184-1186, 1967.
Sharma, C.R., Venkataraman, G.S., and Prakash, N. Cyanophage AC-1 infecting the blue-green
alga Anacystis nidulans. Current Science 46:496-497, 1977.
Sherman, L.A. The structure and replication of the blue-green algae virus, LPP-1. Ph.D. Thesis,
University of Chicago, 1970.
Sherman, L.A. Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the cyanophage AS-1M. III. Cellular
metabolism and phage development. Virology 71:199-206, 1976.
8
-------
Sherman, L.A. and Brown, P.M., Jr. Cyanophages and viruses of eukaryotic algae. //; H. Fraenkel-
Conrat and R.R. Wagner (ed.). Comprehensive Virology 1 2, Plenum Press, New York, p. 145-234,
1978.
Sherman, L.A. and Connelly, M. Isolation and characterization of a cyanophage infecting the
unicellular blue-green algae A. nidulans and S. cedrorum. Virology 72:540-544, 1976.
Sherman, L.A., Connelly, M., and Sherman, D.M. Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the
cyanophage AS-1M. I. Ultrastructure of infection and phage assembly. Virology 71:1-16, 1976.
Sherman, L.A. and Haselkorn, R. LPP-1 infection of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum.
I. Electron microscopy. Jour. Virology 6:820-833, 1970.
Sherman, L.A. and Haselkorn, R. LPP-1 infection of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum.
II. Viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and host deoxyribonucleic acid breakdown Jour Virology
6:834-840, 1970.
Sherman, L.A. and Haselkorn, R. LPP-1 infection of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum.
III. Protein synthesis. Jour. Virology 6:841-846, 1970.
Sherman, L.A. and Haselkorn, R. Growih of blue-green algae virus LPP-1 under conditions which
impair photosynthesis. Virology 45:739-746, 1971.
Sherman, L.A. and Pauw, P. Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the cyanophage AS-IM.
II. Protein and DNA synthesis. Virology 71:17-27, 1976.
Shilo, M. Biological agents which cause lysis of blue-green algae. Mitt. Internal. Verein. Limnol.
19:206-213, 1971.
Shilo, M. The ecology of cyanophages. Bamidgeh 24:76-82, 1972.
Silverberg, J., Rimon, A., Kessel, M., and Oppenheim, A.B. Assembly site of cyanophage LPP-2-
SPI in Plectonema boryanum. Virology 77:437-440, 1977.
Singh, P.K. Occurrence and distribution of cyanophages in ponds, sewage, and rice fields. Arch.
Mikrobiol. 89:169-172, 1973.
Singh, P.K. Isolation and characterization of a new virus infecting the blue-green alga Plectonema
boryanum. Virology 58:586-588, 1974.
Singh, P.K. Lysogeny of blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum by long tailed virus. Molec. Gen.
Genet. 137:181-183, 1975. - _
Singh, P.K. Photoreactivation of UV-irradiated blue-green algae and algal virus LPP-1. Arch.
Microbiol 103:297-302, 1975.
Singh, P.K. Sensitization of algal virus to UV by the incorporation of 5-bromouracil and mutations of
host alga Plectonema boryanum. Zeitsch. Allg. Mikrobiol. 15:547-552, 1975.
Singh, R.IM. The genetics of cyanophyceae and cyanophages: problems and prospects. J. Indian Bot.
Soc. 50A:401-415, 1971.
Singh, R.N. and Chaubey, I.J. Induction of rapid lysis mutation by hydroxylamine in cyanophage
LPP-1. J. Cytol. Genet. 11:116-121, 1976.
Singh, R.N. and Kashyap, A.K. Mutagenesis in cyanophage LPP-1. Mutat. Res. 37:19-25, 1976.
-------
Singh, R.IM. and Kashyap, A.K. Induction of mutations in the blue-green a\qa Plectonema boryanum
Gomont. Mutat. Res. 43:37-44, 1977.
Singh, R.IM. and Kashyap, A.K. Isolation and characterization of temperature sensitive mutants of
cyanophage LPP-1. Molec. Gen. Genet. 154:31-34, 1977.
Singh, R.N. and Singh, P.K. Isolation of cyanophages from India. Nature 216:1020-1021, 1967.
Singh, R.IM. and Singh, P.K. Ultraviolet damage, modifications and repair of blue-green algae and
their viruses. In T.V. Desikachary (ed.). Taxonomy and Biology of Blue-Green Algae, University of
Madras Press, India, p. 246-257, 1972.
Singh, R.IM. and Singh, P.K. Transduction and lysogeny in blue-green algae. In T.V. Desikachary
(ed.), Taxonomy and Biology of Blue-green Algae, University of Madras Press, India, p. 258-261,
1972.
Singh, R.IM., Singh, P.K., Kashyap, A.K., Sarma, T.A., Dhar, B., Chaubey, I.J.. andChoudhury, I.D.
Isolation and characterization of new cyanophages and mutations of LPP-1 and host alga
Plectonema boryanum. In T.V. Desikachary (ed.), Taxonomy and Biology of Blue-green Algae,
University of Madras Press, India, p. 585-591, 1972.
Singh, S.P. and Kashyap, A.K. Manganese toxicity and mutagenesis in two blue-green
algae. Environ. & Exptl. Bot. 18:47-53, 1978.
Sirenko, L.A., Myslovich, V.O., Goryushin, V.A., and Mikhailyuk, D.P. Effect of infection with
cyanophage AM-1 on the metabolism of the blue-green alga. Fiziol. Rast. 23:1214-1218, 1976.
Smedberg, C.T. and Cannon, R.E. Cyanophage analysis as a biological pollution indicator-bacterial
and viral. Jour. Water Pollution Control Fed. 48:2416-2426, 1976.
Smith, K.M., Brown, R.M., Jr., Goldstein, D.A., and Walne, P.L. Culture methods for the blue-
green alga Plectonema boryanum and its virus with an electron microscope study of the virus-
infected cells. Virology 28:580-591, 1966.
Smith, K.M., Brown, R.M., Jr., and Walne, P.L. Ultrastructural and time-lapse studies on the
replication cycle of the blue-green algal virus LPP-1. Virology 31:329-337, 1967.
Smith, K.M., Brown, R.M., Jr., Walne. P.L., and Goldstein. D.A. Electron microscopy of the
infection process of the blue-green alga virus. Virology 30:182-1 92, 1966.
Stanley, J.L. and Cannon, R.E. Serological typing and chlorination resistance of wastewater
cyanophages. Jour. Water Pollution Control Fed. 49:1993-1999, 1977.
Stenz, E. and Menzel, G. Effect of 1,3,5-triazines on several prokaryote viruses and their hosts.
Zeitsch. fur Allge. Mikrobiol. 18:115-121, 1978.
Stepaniuk, V.V., Mendzhul, M.I., Zhygir, V.V., Bobrovnik, S.P., and IMesterova, N.V. Electron
microscopic study of DNA from the virus of Plectonema boryanum. Mikrobiol. Zh. 34:748-753,
1972.
Stewart, W.D.P. and Daft, M.J. Algal lysing agents of freshwater habitats. In F.A. Skinner and J.G.
Carr (ed.). Microbiology in Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Symposium Series #4, Academic Press,
New York, p. 63-90. 1976.
Stewart, W.D.P. and Daft, M.J. Microbial pathogens of cyanophycean blooms. In M.R. Droop and
H.W. Jannasch (ed.), Advances in Aquatic Microbiology, Vol. 1, Academic Press, London,
p. 177-218, 1977.
10
-------
Topatschewsky, A.V. and Sirenko, L.A. Ecophysiological aspects of blooming and the problem of
pure water. Verh. Internal. Verem. Limnol. 18 1338-1347, 1973.
Udvardy, J., Sivok, B., Borbely, G., and Farkas, G.L. Formation in the dark of virus-induced
deoxyribonuclease activity in Anacystis nidulans, an obligate photoautotroph. Jour. Bact.
126:630-633, 1976.
Venkataraman, G.S. and Kaushik, B.D. Cyanophages. New Botanist 1:96-102, 1974
Venkataraman, G.S., Kaushik, B.D., Subramanian, G., Shanmugasundaram, S.. and Govindarajan,
A. Cyanophage AC-1: a phage infecting unicellular and colonial blue-green algae. Current
Science 42:104-105, 1973.
Vorontsova, G.V., Karbysheva, E.A., Goryushin, V.A., and Shestakov, S.V. Effect of caffeine and
acriflavine on survival of UV-irradiated cyanophage AM-1 in the cells of radiosensitive mutants of
Anacystis nidulans. Biol. Nauki, #11, p. 107-110, 1974.
Werbin, H., Wu, J.H., and Lewin, R. In vivo and in vitro photoreactivation studies with a blue-green
alga, Plectonema boryanum and its virus, LPP-1. Texas Jour. Science 19436-437, 1967
Wu, J.H., Choules, G.L., and Lewin, R.A. Early stages of the infection process in a blue-green algal
virus system, as affected by KCN and light. In Biochemical Regulation in Diseased Plants or Injury,
The Phytopathological Society of Japan, Tokyo, p. 153-160, 1968
Wu, J.H., Lewin, R.A., and Werbin, H.P. Photoreactivation of UV-irradiated blue-green algal virus
LPP-1. Virology 31.657-664, 1967.
Wu, J.H. and Shugarman, P.M. Effect of virus infection on rate of photosynthesis and respiration of a
blue-green alga, Plectonema boryanum. Virology 32:166-167, 1967.
Zatula, D.G., Pilipenko, V.G., Mendzhul, M.I., Nesterova, N.V., and Lysenko, T.G. Studies in
mtracellular development and dynamics of biosynthesis of lytic enzymes of cyanophage LPP-1 A in
Plectonema boryanum cells. Proc. Acad. Sci., URSR, #2, p. 178-181, 1976.
1 1
-------
Viruses and Virus-Like Agents of Eucaryotic Algae
Baker, J.R.J. and Evans. L.V. The ship fouling a\gaEctocarpus: I. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of
plunlocular reproductive stages. Protoplasma 77:1-13, 1973.
Chapman, R.L. and Lang, N.J. Virus-like particles and nuclear inclusions m the red alga
Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew et Ross Jour Phycology 9:117 122, 1973
Clitheroe, S.B. and Evans, L.V. Virus-like particles in the brown alga Ectocarpus Jour Ultra-
structure Research 49:211-217, 1974.
Franca, S. On the presence of virus-like particles in the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium resplendens
(Hulburt) Protistologica 12:425-430, 1976
Gibbs, A., Skotnicki, A.H., Gardiner, J.E., Walker, E.S., and H oil ings, M. A tobamovirus of a green
alga. Virology 64 571-574, 1975
Gromov, B.V. and Mamkaeva, K.A. Electron microscope examination of Bdellovibrio chlorellavorus
parasitism on cells of the green alga Chlorella vulyaris. Cytology 14 256-260, 1972
Hoffman, L.R. Virus-like particles in Hydrurus (Chrysophyceae). J. Phycol 14110-114, 1978.
Hoffman, L.R. and Stanker, L.H. Virus-like particles in the green alga Cylindrocapsa. Canad Jour
Botany 54 2827-2841, 1976
Kawakami, H. and Kawakami, l\l. Behavior of a virus m a symbiotic system, Paramecium bursar/a
Zoochlorella. J. Protozool 25 217-225, 1978
LaClaire, J.W., II and West, J.A. Virus-like particles in the brown alga Streblonema Protoplasma
93 127-130, 1977
Lee, R.E. Systemic viral material in cells of the freshwater red alga S/rodotia tenuissinin (Holden)
Skuja Jour. Cell Science 8:623-631, 1971
Lemke, P.A. Viruses of eucaryotic microorganisms. Ann. Rev. Microbiol 30 105-145, 1976.
Mamkaeva, K.A. Studies of lysis m cultures of Chlorella Mikrobiologiya 35 853-859, 1966
Markey, D.R. A possible virus infection in the brown alga Pylaiolla littorj/is Protoplasma 80 223
232. 1974
Mattox, K.R., Stewart, K.D., and Floyd, G.L. Probable virus infections in four genera of green algae
Canac! Jour Microbiol 1816201621.1972
Moestrup, O. and Thomsen, H.A. An ultrastructural study of the flagellate Pyramimonas onenta/is
with particular emphasis on Golgi apparatus activity and the flagellar apparatLis Protoplasma 81
247-2G9. 1974
-------
Moskovets. S.M., Mendzhul, M.I., Zhygir, V.V., Nesterova, N.V., and Khil, O.S. The morphology of
the lytic agent of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Pringh. Voprosy Virusologii 16:98-100, 1971.
Oliveira, L. and Bisalputra, T. A virus infection in the brown alga Sorocarpus uvaeformis (Lyngbye)
Prmgsheim (Phaeophyta, Ectocarpales) Ann. Bot. 42:439-445, 1978.
Pearson, B.R. and Morris, R.E. Intranuclear virus-like particles in the marine alga Platymonas sp.
(Chlorophyta, Prasmophyceae). Phycologia 13:5-9, 1974.
Pickett-Heaps, J.D. A possible virus infection in the green alga Oedogonium. Jour. Phycology 8:44-
47, 1972
Pienaar, R.IM. Virus-like particles in 3 species of phytoplankton from San Juan Island, Washington.
Phycologia 15:185-190, 1976.
Skotnicki, A.. Gibbs, A., and Wrigley, I\!.G. Further studies on Chara coraltina virus. Virology 75:
457-468, 1976.
Tikhonenko, A.S. and Zavarzina, IM.V. Morphology of the lytic agent of Chlorella
pyrenoidosa Mikrobiologiya 35:850-852, 1966.
Toth, R. and Wilce, R.T. Virus-like particles in the marine alga Chorda tomentosa Lyngbye
(Phaeophyceae). Jour. Phycology 8:1 26-1 30, 1972
Tripodi, G. and Beth, K. Unusual cell structures in tumor-hke formations of Gracilana (Rhodophyta).
Arch Microbiol 108 167-174, 1976
Zavarzina, IM.B. A lytic agent in cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Pringh Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR
137435-437, 1961.
Zavarzina, IM.B. Lysis of Chlorella cultures in the absence of bacteria Mikrobiologiya 33:561-564,
1964
Zavarzina. N.B. and Protsenko, A.E. On lysis of <) culture of Ch/orella [)yreno/dosa Pringh. Doklady
Akad Nauk SSSR 122936 939 1958
13
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
:PA-60Q/9-79-013
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
The Practical Directory to Phycovirus Literature
April 1979 (issuing date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Robert S. Safferman, Mary-Ellen Rohr
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati. Ohio 45268
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
- Cin., OH
1BD884
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
In-house
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Same as above
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/06
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
The volume comprises a comprehensive survey of the phycovirus literature.
covers the period from their isolation to the present time.
It
It
• Viruses
j Algae
' Bibliography
DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
fii.lDENT!FIEPS/O°EN ENDED TERMS !c. COSATI Held/Group
Phycoviruses
6M
5B
'13. Cj'STRiBUTiON STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
|"l9. SEcTjRITYV;i_ASS ''I'M?'Report) j 21. NO. OF PAGES
unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
unclassified
20
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
14
£ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-657-060/1656 Region No. 5-11
------- |