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U.S. EPA: OfPiCE O? RFSEARch & DEl'dopMfW
Region/ORD Science Summit Briefing Book
Table Of Contents & Meeting Synopsis
Tab 1: Problem-Driven Science
• Regional Case Studies
• ORD's Problem-Driven Research
• Examples of ORD's Problem-Driven and Core Research
Tab 2: Solutions Through Science
Tab 3: Regional Science
• Regional Science Liaisons Program (RSL)
• Hazardous Substance Technical Liaison Program (HSTL)
• Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Grants
• Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) Program
• Regional Methods Program
• Regional Science Topic Workshops
• Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP)
• Superfund Site Support
• Other Region Site Support
Tab 4: Appendix
• Appendix 1: Existing Regional, ORD and Agency Science-Focused Workgroups
• Appendix i: Comments on Accreditation of Environmental Labs and EPA Efforts to
Strengthening Science in the Environmental Arena. Presented by Paul Gilman on
August 12, 2002, at the Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium, Arlington, VA.
• Appendix 3: NEIC Science Summary for 2.002
ORD Laboratory/Center Acronym Glossary
NCEA National Center for Environmental Assessment
NCER National Center for Environmental Research
NERL National Exposure Research Laboratory
NHEERL National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
NRMRL National Risk Management Research Laboratory
OSP Office of Science Policy
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Synopsis of Region/ORD Science Summit
September 25, 2002
Region 4 Office, Atlanta, Georgia
Summit Theme: Opportunities for Region/ORD collaboration to enhance the use of science in
Agency decision-making.
Executive Summary:
Region 4 hosted the Region/ORD Science Summit in their RA's office in Atlanta, Georgia on
September 25, 2002 (see Attachment 1: Summit Agenda). Paul Oilman, AA for ORD, and Stan
Meiburg, DRA for Region 4, co-chaired the meeting, which was attended by Regional DRAs and
several senior ORD and Regional executives (see Attachment 2: List of Attendees).
The meeting opened with Region 4 and ORD presentations on problem-driven science - what
does it mean for the Regions and ORD. Subsequent discussion focused on the importance of
building effective networks among scientists in the Regions and ORD, as well as the need to
build on existing ORD programs to address Regional science problems, e.g., the Regional
Applied Research Effort and Regional Methods Programs (RARE), Science to Achieve Results
(STAR) grantee meetings in each Region, and the Science Results Integration Program (see A.
Actions below). One DRA suggested creating a Region/ORD exchange program for scientists.
During discussion of the contributions of science to Regional decision-making, all agreed that
science informs these decisions but is seldom is the sole driver. One DRA suggested that the
Agency undertake an examination of past decisions to evaluate how science has been integrated,
along with political, social, and economic factors, into EPA decisions.
The DRAs expressed interest in playing a larger role in the development of Agency science
policy and in the appropriate use of good science in their Regions. To this end, it was decided
that the DRAs in the Lead Regions for both Regional Science and Technology (RS&T) and ORD
(currently Regions 2 and 4, respectively) would participate on the Science Policy Council and the
DRA for Science and Technology would chair the National Regional Science Council (see also
B. Actions below). The DRAs also agreed on the need to have a third DRA on the Science
Policy Council and will determine the appropriate Region in the near future. These Regional
assignments will be written into the Lead Region Program guidance.
Ira Leighton, Region 1 DRA, presented his Region's "Science Needs Survey" - why and how it
was done and some of the key conclusions. As a result of this effort. Region 1 now has a
consistent set of science priorities that it is using to influence Regional strategic planning,
including a Regional consensus on the highest priority science issues it wants to work on with
ORD, i.e., (1) quicker and more reliable hands-on technical support, (2) funding to support short
term science/research needs that complement ORD's longer-term research, (3) a system to
determine available technical expertise in the Agency, (4) a process that enables the Region to
understand what products are coming out of ORD's research pipeline, and (5) greater opportunity
to collaborate as partners in the STAR grants program.
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The Regions expressed their interest in having a strong science advocate at EPA Headquarters
and a separate budget for the RS&T program. Paul Oilman said that with documentation
describing the critical role played by the RS&T program in achieving the Agency's mandates and
the resources required to accomplish this role, he would take on this advocacy role. Dr. Oilman
indicated that part of the solution would involve negotiations with the Program Offices regarding
their appropriate roles in supporting the Regions' fiscal and technical needs (see C. Actions
below).
Stan Meiburg and Paul Oilman closed the meeting with a summary of their recommended actions
for addressing the Summit theme (see below). In addition, Dr. Oilman expressed his interest in
working with the Regions to "get the word out" on high priority ORD science activities in their
Regions. To this end, he suggested that the Regions, in addition to ORD, announce events, such
as new ORD STAR grant awards, RARE successes, and collaborative EMAP projects with
states.
Recommended Actions:
A. Enhancing Utility of ORD Science for the Regions
ACTION ITEMS
1. More readily available technical support from ORD.
2. Regions need a better understanding of how their problem-
driven science needs feed ORD's core science program.
3 . Conduct STAR grantee workshops in other Regions
(modeled after upcoming event in Region 1). Similar events
were requested for the Hazardous Substances Research
Centers.
4. Expand the use of cooperative agreements in the STAR
program to allow Regions the opportunity to participate more
directly in ORD grants.
5. Additional ORD resources (beyond RARE) for developing
rapid responses to major, time-critical science problems.
6. Create "ORD Directory of Experts" to help build
Region/ORD networks for addressing Regional science
problems.
7. Fill the remaining 2 Hazardous Substances Technical
Liaison positions in Regions 5 and 6.
LEAD
ORD to generate options;
Must involve the Program
Offices
ORD
ORD/NCER
ORD/NCER
ORD, working with EPA
Program Offices
ORD
ORD
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B. Enhancing Regional Involvement in Agency Science
ACTION
1 . The Lead DRAs for both the RS&T program and ORD
(currently Regions 2 and 4, respectively), and a third Region
will participate as members of the Agency's Science Policy
Council.
2. The Lead DRA for the RS&T program will chair the
National Regional Science Council.
3. The Lead ORD Region will consider a Science Needs
Survey similar to the one conducted by Region 1, utilizing the
results for strategic planning purposes. Other Regions may
do the same.
4. Lead Regions will complete the selection of Regional
representatives to the RCTs for the FY 05 research planning
cycle.
5. The Agency needs to do 'succession planning' to prepare
for the loss of scientific expertise due to the expected
upcoming surge in workforce retirements.
6. Regions will work with ORD to identify opportunities to
announce ORD grantee awards and other significant Region-
specific science events.
LEAD
Stan Meiburg
Bill Muszynski
Bill Muszynski
Stan Meiburg
Lead Region DRAs
Agency Science Advisor
DRAs and ORD
C. Strengthening Regional Labs
ACTION ITEMS
1 . Issue paper on the validation of environmental methods.
2. Characterization of the critical role that the RS&T program
plays in helping the Agency meet its mandates, and an
analysis of resources required to conduct this important work.
3. With information from above, the Agency Science Advisor
will become an advocate for the RS&T program, including
issues related to the budget, e.g., source, location and amount.
4. A cross-Agency Chemical Advisory Committee, to parallel
the Biological Advisory Committee, should be created to
share information on existing chemical methods and to
identify and prioritize chemical methods needs.
LEAD
Region 2 with NEIC support
Jim Wiggins with RS&T
Directors support
Paul Oilman
RS&T Directors
prepared by David Klauder, October 17, 2002
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Attachment 1
REGION/ORD SCIENCE SUMMIT
September 25, 2002
Region 4 Office, Atlanta, Georgia
SUMMIT THEME
Opportunities for Region/ORD Collaboration
to Enhance the Use of Science in Agency Decision-Making
Agenda
8:30 Welcome (Stan Meiburg)
8:45 Summit Goals - Reach Agreement on a Plan and/or Processes to:
A. Enhance the utility of ORD science for Regional uses
B. Ensure appropriate national consistency on science issues
C. Share successful Region-specific applications of science with
others (Stan Meiburg and Paul Oilman)
9:00 Problem-Driven Science - What does it mean to the Regions and
ORD?
> Regional case study (Elmer Akin)
> ORD's problem-driven research (Bill Farland)
10:00 Break
Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Applying Science in the
Regions
10:15 A. How to make ORD Science more Useful to the Regions
> Recommendations from the Regions (DRAs)
> Are we hitting the mark? Can we build on our successes?
(Paul Oilman and Kevin Teichman)
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11:15 B. How to Use Science more Effectively in Decision-Making
> Challenges and opportunities for the use of science in
Regional decision-making (Ira Leighton Region Ts Science
Survey, Goals, and Action Plan)
> Gross-Regional and ORD collaboration on science issues,
e.g. risk assessment/characterization, model applications,
monitoring, and peer review (Paul Oilman)
12:30 Lunch
1:30 How to Share Successful Region-Specific Applications of Science
with Others (All)
2:30 Next Steps for Achieving Summit Goals (Stan Meiburg)
3:00 Adjourn
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£
3
P
!
SCIENCE
U.S. EPA: Office of ResfSRth &
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U.S. EPA: Office of RESEARC^ & DEVELOPMENT
CASE Siudy
ANNISTON PCB SiiE
Background
Anniston is a town of about 25,000 residents in north
Alabama near Birmingham. The Monsanto Company
manufactured polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at
its Anniston facility from 1929 to 1971. A variety of
PCB products were manufactured there under the
trade name Aroclor (each product received a different
number based on its chlorine content). Now recent
environmental sampling has found Aroclors 1254,
1260 and 1268 to be the predominant PCB mixtures
found in off-site soil and sediment samples.
The plant site is located in west Anniston, an area
that has about 8,000 primarily low-income African-
American residents. Much of the residential area is
down gradient of the Monsanto plant and subject to
temporary flooding during heavy rain events. It is
believed that most of the off-site PCB contamination
occurred from run-off and relocation of contaminated
soil particles. However, the community believes that
airborne transmission of PCBs was, and is, a major
pathway of contamination in the residential areas.
A number of citizen lawsuits against Monsanto
(now Solutia) at various stages of litigation have
hindered exposure and other investigations.
Research Opportunity
The community of west Anniston has been
characterized as the most PCB-contaminated
population known to exist. This characterization
is based primarily on the findings of a data set of
PCB blood samples taken from 2,970 clients in one
lawsuit. About half had detectible PCB levels ranging
as high as 2 mg/L total PCBs. There have not been
any further studies on this population nor the
greater west Anniston community to any
significant degree.
Even though PCB manufacturing terminated in the
United States in the 19705, their widespread use and
persistence in the environment has resulted in their
presence in soil and sediment at many contaminated
sites evaluated under the Super-fund and RCRA
regulatory programs. While risk-based values are
available from animal studies for some Aroclors in
the Agency's IRIS database, human data on many
aspects of PCB exposure and toxicity are limited. This
site provides research opportunities to address data
gaps in the following areas:
i. Determine PCB congener blood profiles in exposed
populations relative to Aroclor findings in surrounding
environmental media and the appropriate application
of dioxin TEQ values.
2. In coordination with ATSDR, conduct epidemiological
studies of exposed populations relative to health
effect end points in children and adults.
3. Evaluate life stage responses to PCB exposure.
4. Obtain human exposure data for determining
priority congeners for conducting congener-specific
toxicity studies for dioxin-like and non-dioxin like
mechanisms of toxicity.
5. Determine congener blood profiles relative
to inhalation vs. oral routes of exposure and
Aroclor type.
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SCIENCE FOR A PURPOSE
• Investigations that attempt to
increase understanding of and
reduce uncertainties associated with
identified problems of concern to
EPA's Program and Regional offices
• To improve our understanding of
the fundamental mechanisms,
methods, processes, databases,
models, and innovative technologies
• May address a specific problem
that cuts across GPRA Goals (i.e.,
multi-media)
• To understand issues that may
become a potential environmental
problem
Provide the best available science to support
the protection of public health and
safeguarding of the environment
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U.S. EPA: Officf of
& Ofvrk)|»ifNT
of ORDrs
Goal 1
Research Activity
Lab/Center Description
Air Quality Model
Development
Emissions Models
and Methods
IRIS Assessments
NERL Development of air quality models for PM, ozone,
and air toxics that can be used by States in the
development and evaluation of control strategies.
NRMRL Development of methods and models to estimate
emissions. These emission estimates are used by
States and Regions to develop inventories and as
input to air quality models.
NCEA
Monitoring Methods NERL
Development of cancer and non-cancer
dose-response assessments that States and
Regions can use for risk assessments.
Development of ambient monitoring methods,
including a Federal Reference Method for PM,
that can be used to determine whether areas are
in attainment of NAAQS and to determine
ambient concentrations of a variety of pollutants.
Completion
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
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U.S. EPA: Officr of RtstMtCH &
Goal 2
Beach Monitoring
Study Report
NERL
National
Epidemiological and
Environmental
Assessment of
Recreational Water
Study
BEACH Program
Coordinators Calls
and Meetings
NERL/
NHEERL
NERL/
NHEERL
TMDL Program
The final report will describe the results of a
comprehensive beach monitoring study
conducted to evaluate various beach monitoring
protocols, e.g., time of day, distance from shore,
sample depth, etc.
Objectives are to develop a new generation of
microbial indicators; conduct a series of
epidemiologk studies to determine which
microbial indicators are-the best indicators of
health risk; and develop a relationship between
those indicators and health risk that can be used
to develop new water quality criteria. This research
is a high priority for regional Beach Program and
WQS Coordinators.
ORD scientists participate in monthly BEACH
Program calls with HQs and Regional staff.
Research plans and results are communicated
and technical questions are answered. Scientists
also participate in program meetings.
NERL/ Technical support includes participation of ORD
NHEERL/ scientists in workgroups, such as the WARSS
NRMRL/ workgroup to address science issues associated
NCEA with using geomorphological techniques, leading
conference calls to discuss water quality modeling
research and support, and assistance on specific
TMDLs, such as the New York/New Jersey Harbor
pathogens TMDL. Numerous research projects
are underway to address needs identified by the
NRC report and the "Twenty Needs Report"
prepared by OWOW. Examples include
methodologies for developing criteria for
sedimentation and embedded sediment, research
on improving water quality models, and BMP
effectiveness studies.
Completion
December 2002
2006
Ongoing
Research:
2002 - 2008
Technical Support:
ongoing
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L.S. CPA Offia or
Examples of ORDfs Problem-Driven Science
Goal 2 [continued!
Research Activity Lab/Center Description
Aquatic Life Ambient
Water Quality Criteria.
Dissolved Oxygen
Criteria (Saltwater):
Cape Cod to Cape
Hatteras
Dissolved Oxygen
Criteria (Saltwater):
Cape cod to Cape
Hatteras
Wastewater
Treatment Technology
Assistance
Mountamtop
Removal Assessment
South Fork Broad
River Monitoring
Study
Innovative Treatment
of CAFO Wastewater
Region 4
NHEERL Scientists from AED developed dissolved oxygen
(DO) criteria to protect saltwater organisms
from the effects of low DO. This criteria is
innovative in that it protects specific life stages
and also integrates exposure over time using
a modeling framework rather than the historically
applied duration/frequency concept. AED is
currently assisting Region Ill/Chesapeake Bay
Program Office in applying the DO criteria to the
Bay to ensure protection of Bay-specific designated
uses. The approach used in the Bay to implement
the DO criteria will set a precedent for other
regions to follow.
Established joint projects pertaining to small
community wastewater treatment systems in
Region 7: "Advanced Monitoring of Constructed
Wetlands Performance in Nebraska" with the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and "Application
of Biological Aerated Filters to Meet NPDES
Ammonia Limits for Small Communities" with
Iowa State University.
NRMRL Established joint projects pertaining to small
community wastewater treatment systems in
Region 7: "Advanced Monitoring of Constructed
Wetlands Performance in Nebraska" with the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and "Application
of Biological Aerated Filters to Meet NPDES
Ammonia Limits for Small Communities" with
iowa State University.
NERL Provided Region 3 with data for EIS
approval process
NERL Provide Region 4 with fecal indicator rain
event data to evaluate models
NRMRL Established projects with the Tennessee Valley
Authority's Environmental Research Center in
Muscle Shoals, Alabama to evaluate the ability of
TVA's Reciprocating Wetland system to treat
CAFO wastewater.
Completed/ Estimated
Completion
2000 and ongoing
support to apply it
regionally
(Chesapeake Bay)
and other coastal
water of the US
Bay and other
U.S. coastal water
Completed
September 2004
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U.S. EPA: Offia- ol RI-,K\R
Goal 2 [continued]
Research Activity Lab/Center Description
Urban Stream NRMRL
Restoration Region 5
Small Drinking Water NRMRL
Systems Treatment
Technology
Drinking Water
Technical Support
to Region 3
Drinking Water
Distribution System
Technical Assistance
Participate in a joint project with the Northeast
Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD) pertaining
to Progress Indicators and End Points to Guide
Urban Stream Restoration Efforts. The NEORSD
is leveraging our funding with 319 funding from
Ohio EPA to develop guidelines.
Research is being conducted to address the
treatment technology needs of small systems,
including treatment for arsenic, protozoans and
MTBE. NRMRL also provides technical support to
the regions. Example projects include field
evaluation of small mobile package systems in
Region 1, assistance in Puerto Rico, coordination
with Region 5 on technology evaluations for
systems contaminated with low concentrations
of MTBE, and collaboration with Region 8 to
develop a handbook for small systems.
Completion
Ongoing
NRMRL Aided in evaluating a Metro DC microbial
contamination problem and helped to initiate
a remote telemetry project.
Implemented corrective action related to
Coliform sp. violations in the Washington DC
Water and Sewer Authority (WASA) water
distribution system. As a result, a world-wide-web
remote monitoring system on the DC distribution
system was set-up through a collaborative effort
among the WASA, Region and NRMRL.
NRMRL Example projects include coordinating with a
small community in Region 9 to evaluate the
water treatment disinfectant process to destroy
and/or inactivate pathogenic organisms and to
evaluate subsequent water quality problems
associated with chloramination in a distribution
system. Provided on-site assistance to several
communities in Region 10 on corrosion-related
problems and ways to mitigate impacts.
Research:
2004-2007
Technical Support:
Ongoing
Completed
Ongoing
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L.S. EPA: Offic! oF.RcseARch & Dt-vfiopMfM
Examples of ORDfs Problem-Driven
Goal 3
Research Activity
Lab/Center Description
Report - Database of
Body Burden
Measurements of
Pesticides and Toxic
Chemicals
NCEA
NHANES-Guidance
for Use of Data in
Risk Assessment
Children's Pesticide
Exposure Measurement
Program
NCEA
NERL
Completed/Estimated
Completion
Support future analysis of aggregate exposure
and risk
Develop general guidance on how to access and
use health and nutritional data from the
National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys to provide useful information for EPA
risk assessment and policy needs.
Develop protocol for conducting an exposure
analysis of ORD children's pesticide studies for
all relevant pathways (includes EDCs, see Goals
8.1 and 8.3)
Develop protocol for conducting an assessment
addressing critical aggregate exposure pathways:
inhalation, dermal absorption, non-dietary exposure
Peer reviewed design for children's aggregate
exposure field study (includes EDCs, see Goals
8.1 and 8.3)
Complete and report results of field monitoring
study of CTEPP (Children's Total Exposure to
Pesticides and Other Persistent Pollutants) to
evaluate aggregate exposures of 260 young
children in homes and daycare centers to persistent
organic pollutants (Also Goals 8.1 and 8.3)
1001
2001
1003
1003
2003-1005
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U.S. EPA: Offkh ot
i & Dfvtl«f'M(M
S
3 [continued!
Lab/Center Description
Children's Pesticide
Exposure Modeling
Program
(See Coal 8.2)
NERL
Longitudinal Activity/
Dietary Consumption
Survey
ALL
Upgrade and linkage of SHEDS and ERDEM
models to allow user to characterize children
exposure to dose linkages
Analysis and report on factors for children's
exposure that may lead to high-level, short-term
exposure, with updates to Exposure Factor's
Handbook
Modeling analysis of children's studies results to
identify key uncertainties and critical data gaps
associated with children's exposure to pesticides
and other environmental contaminants
Analysis of existing children's exposure data for
cumulative exposure to pesticides and other
environmental contaminants
Collection of longitudinal activity and dietary
consumption data on subpopulations (e.g., children,
elderly) for modeling daily and seasonal variability
inherent in human activities and dietary
consumption patterns. This research will produce
data that are not captured in previous and
planned dietary or population surveys.
Completion
2.002-2.004
2003
2004
2007
2005
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U.S. EPA: Offki- of Rr--,r«;d< &
of ORDfs
Goal 4
Research Activity
Agricultural Health
Study - Pesticide
Exposure Study
Lab/Center Description
NERL
Spray Drift Modeling NERL
Ecological Modeling
for Risk Assessment
Chiral Pesticides
Methods
NERL
NERL
NCI/NIEHS/EPA are currently performing a
prospective epidemiological study of health on
applicators and family members. NERL will
produce data to evaluate NCI algorithms for
assessing farm applicator exposures using
questionnaires
Update AgDrift/AGDISP to include orchard blast
application, secondary volatilization, and transport
Update PRZM, EXAMS, BASS modeling modules
with improved user interfaces
Advanced methods for measuring chiral pesticide
and enhanced understanding of their fate and
transport through the environment
Completion
2003-2005
2004-2007
2002-2004
2002-2004
-------
U.S. EPA: Officf of RESEARCH & Drvrio
Goaf 5
Research Activity
Lab/Center Description
Methods for Air
Toxic VOCs
Organotin Research
Support to Region 4
Environmental
Forensics for Regions
NERL
Site-Specific
Technical Support
NERL
Sample Holding Time
Re-evaluation
NERL
NERL NERL, EPA is using Regional Methods Program
funding to review the CDPHE method and to
develop EPA guidance on methods to determine
the concentration of toxic vapors in buildings
near contaminated groundwater.
Completed/Estimated
Completion
2003
NERL An organotin manufacturing plant in South
Carolina was suspected of being responsible for a
major fish kill in one of its streams and poisoning
of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. NERL
applied a new analytical approach developed
in-house to detect both dibutyl- and tributyl- tin
compounds in water and fish from the affected
stream for the state.
2OOO
Ion Composition Elucidation (ICE), a high
resolution mass spectrometry technique developed
at NERL/LV, has helped identify sources of
pollution in several Regions.
1996-2002
Evaluation of Fate NERL
and Transport of
Gasoline Components
in Long Island Aquifers
Contaminated NERL
Sediments Fate and
Transport Modeling
Contaminated NERL
Sediments Fate and
Transport Modeling
Research
Information used by the state to develop
improved approaches to site assessment.
Technical assistance provided to the Region 1
RPM on the Housatonic River Superfund Site.
Evaluation of existing contaminated sediment
mass fate and transport models (FYoa) in
support of remedy selection and evaluation.
See Section IV.F. of the briefing book on ORD's
Technical Support Centers
Some calculators
completed; others
in 2006 with
completion of
field data evaluation
system
Ongoing
2003-2005
Ongoing
In response to Regional requests, several reports
are being prepared to describe results of research
to reevaluate sample holding times.
2005
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U.S. EPA: Officr of
& DKT lopvtf
of ORD's Problem-Driwen
Goal 5 [continued]
Research Activity Lab/Center Description
Operational and
Long-term Monitoring
at the New Bedford
Harbor (NBH)
Superfund Site
NHEERL
Technical Assistance
to Region 1
NHEERL
Over the last 15 years, AED scientists, in
conjunction with EPA Region I and others, have
developed and participated in, multiple operational
and long-term monitoring programs at the NBH
site. Collectively, these monitoring and associated
research activities (e.g., PCB bioaccumulation)
have provided EPA Region I with state-of-the-art
techniques to most effectively and safely manage
this £350 million remediation.
Consultation and research on TCDD and
hexachlorozanthene bioaccumulation and toxicity
(Centerdale, North Providence, Rl)
Performed sediment TIE to determine causes of
toxicity in contaminated sediments (Eastland
Woolen Mills, Maine)
Completed/Estimate
Completion
Ongoing
Technical Assistance
to Region 2
NHEERL
Hyde Park and other sites in Niagara Falls, NY,
Region 2. Human health effects of dioxin-like
chemicals for Lake Ontario
Long term studies of bioaccumulation and
ecological effects of dioxin-like chemicals in
Lake Ontario
Technical Assistance
to Region 4
NHEERL Consultation on PCB ecological effects issues
(Solutia-Anniston, AL)
Consultation for TCDD TRV: reviewed papers and
provided technical guidance on selection of study
Fox River/Green Bay
Mass Balance Modeling
NHEERL Developed a modeling framework, In-place
Pollutant export (IPX), that simulated
contaminated sediment transport as a function
of physical parameters controlling sediment
settling and resuspension. The framework
withstood extensive review and provided
forecasts to evaluate remediation alternatives
for the Fox River Superfund site.
Technology transfer of modeling technology to
OERR scientists and site managers for application
to other high priority sites
20O2
2002
1993
20O3
2O O2.
2OO2
1995
2003
-------
U.S. B'A: OffiCF Of
& Df-'VTlo|)MfNt
Examples of
Problem-Driven Science
Goai 6
Research Activity
Gulf Coast
Assessment
Mid-Atlantic
Assessment
Great Lakes
Assessment
Lab/Center I Description
NCEA
NCEA
NCEA
Development of an assessment of the -
consequences of climate change and variability
in the Gulf Coast
Development of an assessment of the 2064, 2008
consequences of climate change and variability
in the Mid-Atlantic
Development of an assessment of the
consequences of climate change and variability
in the Great Lakes
Completed/Estimated
Completion
2004, 2008
2004, 2008
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U.S. EH'i Ofiii:
Examples of ORD's Problem-Dri¥en
Goal 8.3
Research Activity
Lab/Center Descriotion
Methods Development NERL
Molecular Indicators NERL
of Exposure
Field Studies
Characterizing Extent
of Ecological EDC
Exposures
NERL
Field Studies to
Characterize Children's
Exposures to EDCs
NERL
EDC Workshop with
ORD and Region 4
NRMRL
Methods for measuring and quantifying
alkylphenols are being developed in collaboration
with RARE project with Regions 3 and 5
DNA microarrays are being developed for
characterizing first order effects associated with
exposures to estrogen-like EDCs
Training will be conducted for Regional Offices
and methods will be used to characterize
ecological exposures
NERL is collaborating with Region 4 and
NRMRL to characterize EDC exposures at Lake
Hartwell, CA
NERL is collaborating with NRMRL on a variety
of wastewater treatment plants throughout the
US, characterizing the extent of EDC exposures
from these facilities
NERL is collaborating with NHEERL and Canada
exploring effects of EDC exposures in dosed
Canadian lakes
Develop protocol for conducting an exposure
analysis of ORD children's pesticide studies for
all relevant pathways (includes EDCs, see Coals
8.2 and 8.3)
Peer reviewed design for children's aggregate
exposure field study (includes EDCs, see Coals
8.2 and 8.3)
Complete and report results of field monitoring
study of CTEPP (Children's Total Exposure to
Pesticides and Other Persistent Pollutants) to
evaluate aggregate exposures of 260 young
children in homes and daycare centers to persistent
organic pollutants (Also Goal 8.2)
Produce a status report on the performance of
Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMs) used to
measure total gas-phase mercury and mercury
speciation based on both lab and field testing.
Completed/Estimated
Completion
2003
2003-2005
2003
2002-2003
2002-2003
2003
2002
2002
2OO4-2OO5
2O03
-------
U.S. FPA: OfliU-oHfc»*Kd.
Goal 8.1
Research Activity
EMAP/R-EMAP/
WEMAP
Lab/Center Description
NERL
ReVA
NERL
Completed/Estimated
Completion
The primary aim of EMAP is to develop the
technology to evaluate status and trends in
aquatic resources nationally, and to work with
EPA Regional Offices and other Federal agencies
to demonstrate and implement monitoring. To
this point, nearly all of EMAP's emphasis has
been on monitoring applications in eastern
regions of the U.S. And we anticipate that
landscape/surface and coastal water relationships
will be different in different regions of the
country, especially in the western U.S. where
topographical and climate are quite variable.
The Regional Vulnerability Assessment (ReVA)
program is an approach to regional scale,
priority-setting assessment being developed by
EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD)
ReVA will expand cooperation among the
laboratories and centers of ORD, by integrating
research on human and environmental health,
ecorestoration, landscape analysis, regional
exposure and process modeling, problem
formulation, and ecological risk guidelines.
Ongoing
Ongoing
-------
U.S. EPA: Offiu of RistAiidt &
of Core to
Goal 8.2
Research Activity
Lab/Center Description
Characterizing
Children's Aggregate
and Cumulative
Exposures to
Environmental
Contaminants
NERL
Exposure Methods NERL
Completed/Estimated
Corrrolei
Develop protocol for conducting an exposure
analysis of ORD children's pesticide studies for
all relevant pathways (includes EDCs, see
Goals 8.2 and 8.3)
Peer reviewed design for children's aggregate
exposure field study (includes EDCs, see Goals
8.2 and 8.3)
Complete and report results of field monitoring
study of CTEPP (Children's Total Exposure to
Pesticides and Other Persistent Pollutants) to
evaluate aggregate exposures of 260 young
children in homes and daycare centers to
persistent organic pollutants (Also Goal 8.2)
Immunoassay methods for rapid detection of
pesticides and their metabolites
State of the art methods for characterizing
pesticides and metabolites in blood, breath,
and urine
Rapid array technologies for characterizing
exposures to microbiologicals and other
environmental contaminants
2002
2O02
2003-2O05
2OO2-2OO5
2OO3-3OO6
2OO2-2OO7
-------
U.S. EPA: Office of
to
•i&^
Goai 8.2 [continued]
Research Activity Lab/Center Description
Completed/Estimated
Exposure Modeling
(See Coal 3)
NERL
NCERRFA That Closed
on July 10, 2002,
Entitled "Lifestyle and
Cultural Practices of
Tribal Populations and
Risks from Toxic
Substances in the
Environment
NCER
Upgrade and linkage of SHEDS and ERDEM
models to allow user to characterize children
exposure to dose linkages
Analysis and report on factors for children's
exposure that may lead to high-level, short-term
exposure, with updates to Exposure Factor's
Handbook
Modeling analysis of children's studies results to
identify key uncertainties and critical data gaps
associated with children's exposure to pesticides
and other environmental contaminants
Analysis of existing children's exposure data for
cumulative exposure to pesticides and other
environmental contaminants
Analysis of data and modeling needs for assessing
cumulative exposures
Case studies to collect exposure data to address
model development needs for addressing
cumulative exposures
Draft source to dose modeling framework with
enhanced modeling modules for the various
human compartments
Updated exposure databases (HEDS, CHAD)
describing children and other susceptible
subpopulations exposures to environmental
contaminants and key factors influencing
these exposures
This solicitation invites applications in two areas
of current interest, the development of: 1)
exposure and effects assessment methods that can
be broadly applied across geographic regions and
Tribal populations and 2) risk management
strategies and options that will lead to reduction
in risk from exposure. NCER expects to fund
3 to 4 projects which generally run 2 to 3 years.
2002-2004
2003
2004
2007
2002-2003
2004-2007
2004-2005
2002-2007
Ongoing
-------
Examples of ORD's Core to
Problems
•**?
Goal 8.4
Research Activity
Lab/Center Description
Pollution Prevention
Regional Workshops
NflMRL
The Office of Research and Development
published "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3) in August of
2.001. In conjunction with this new document,
ORD/NRMRL is sponsoring a series of interactive
Workshops (one per Region) based on the
principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD works in conjunction with each Region to
customize the Workshop to address items of
interest to the Region.
ETV Program
NRMRL
EPA and the Coast Guard signed a MOA to
verify environmental technologies that address
invasive species and are of mutual interest to
both agencies.
Completed/Estimated
Completion
Regions 4, 7-10
completed
August 2001-
August 2002;
Regions i, 2, 3,
and 5 will be
held in 2.003.
June 2001
-------
SoluiioNs
SC'IENCE
U.S. EPA: Otfici: o\ Re»f4Rch &
-------
U.S. EPA: Oflici of
& DEVE!OPMEM
ORD ANd The ReqioNs:
SoluiioiMs Thnouqh SCJENCE
Collaboration with Local Scientists
Because a spatially extensive network of stream
reference sites throughout the country did not exist,
the EPA, along with other federal and state agencies,
was not able to accurately evaluate the biological
health of aquatic systems.
- Tina Laidlaw, Region 8 Water Quality Monitoring,
Colorado
ORD is working to complete this network by 1004
through its Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
extramural research program at Utah State and
Michigan State Universities. For example, STAR
grantee Charles Hawkins at Utah State University
is working directly with Region 8 to establish an
extensive network of stream reference sites throughout
the country. Region 8 has been collecting data in
South Dakota, Colorado and Montana in support of
this effort. The expected outcome of this project will
lead to the development of a national aquatic
ecosystem classification for stream reference
conditions, and allow for a more accurate and
comparable evaluation of the biological health of
aquatic systems across the country. Also as a result
of Dr. Hawkins' extraordinary work, Region 8 and
the Office of Water will co-fund the Western
Regional Bioassessment Center at Utah State
University. This Center will facilitate and improve
interagency coordination with respect to western
bioassessments, conduct Region-specific research and
offer technical assistance to states and tribes.
Region-Initiated Research Efforts
In the 1990s, Region 7's monitoring had indicated that
pollution from charcoal kilns, previously exempted
from Missouri's air pollution emission requirements,
could significantly impact nearby residents.
- Art Sprat/in, Reg/on 7, Director of the Air, RCRA
and Toxics Division
For assistance, Region 7 utilized ORD's Regional
Applied Research Program (RARE), which provides
each Region the opportunity to conduct high-priority
research of its choosing through an ORD Lab or Center.
In this case, a laboratory-scale charcoal kiln simulator
was created to help characterize the chemical and
physical properties of these emission plumes. Data
from the simulator allowed Region 7 and Missouri to
conclude that emission controls on charcoal kilns
were necessary. Today, charcoal kiln operators are
complying with the requirements to control and
reduce these emissions. It is anticipated that by
2.004, more than i million pounds of particulates and
other toxic air pollutants will be eliminated from the
Missouri Ozark Region.
Regional Science Workshops
Invasive species, including those in ballast water
discharges, are adversely impacting Region 10's ability
to maintain the quality of its estuaries, successfully
restore wetlands, and to increase endangered species
populations.
- Elbert Moore, Reg/on 10, Director, Office of
Ecosystems and Communities
To help raise awareness about invasive species and
identify related scientific issues, ORD worked with
four Regions ;o develop their own workshops and
followed up with an overall National workshop.
This educational effort provided participants with
a cross-Agency network they rely on to support their
own Regional efforts and helped identify the unique
skills EPA brings to invasive species research. The
EPA Nonindigenous Species Working Group was
also formed, which has coordinated Agency
responses to the federal cross-agency council on
this topic and provided direct technical assistance
to Regional offices.
Superfund Site Cleanup - Technical Support
Acid mine drainage severely impacts stream quality
at numerous mine sites throughout the Western
United States. This problem had affected the aquatic
habitat in French Creek and the Blue River, largely
eliminating the trout population near the resort town
of Breckenridge, Colorado.
- Victor Ketellapper, Region 8, Regional Project Manager
To assist, Region 8 called in ORD's Engineering
Technical Support Center to evaluate and develop a
low-cost treatment system. ORD evaluated a variety
of treatment options and recommended a lime
lagoon treatment that will effectively remove the
acid mine drainage and restore the trout habitat.
This solution will allow the Town of Breckenridge
and Summit County to purchase
more than 1,800 acres of land from
the mining company so that this
critical habitat can be preserved as
open space. In addition to its
-------
technical support centers, ORD's assistance is
directed through its Hazardous Substances Research
Centers and the Hazardous Substances Technical
Liaison Program.
Ecosystem Priority Identification/Effectiveness
Measurement
Until recently, most state monitoring programs were
not designed to generate the kind of data necessary
to satisfactorily meet several of the reporting
requirements under the Clean Water Act
- All EPA Regions
Through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP), ORD and Regional scientists
worked together to develop sampling programs and
bioassays to measure the condition of aquatic
ecosystems. In the Mid-Atlantic Integrated
Assessment, an on-site ORD team collaborated
with Regional staff to complete the first unbiased
assessment of water ecosystems in the area. Results
from the assessment were key in planning priorities
for the Region. Another EMAP program, the
Western Pilot Study, uses similar techniques to
assess water systems in 14 states. This five-year
study will provide reports highlighting the ecological
condition of water resources and transfer monitoring
technology to national, regional, state and tribal
personnel. As a result of this research, more states
are incorporating EMAP sampling design and
ecological methods into their monitoring programs.
Local, State and Regional Monitoring
The state of Nebraska realized that its water-monitoring
program worked from an organizational standpoint
However, the method used showed there were water
quality problems in a disproportionately large
percentage of the state's waters.
- Nebraska, Region 7
For more accurate results, the state began using
ORD's Regional EMAP (R-EMAP) approach in 1997.
Using an EMAP statistical sampling design, scientists
selected and monitored random stream segments.
The state discovered a significant trend toward
improved water clarity in the areas sampled,
correcting the previous negatively biased reports.
New Technology Application
In early 2002, scientists and officials in the San
Francisco Bay area suspected endocrine disrupting
chemicals (EDCs) in wastewater discharges were
affecting Bay fish.
- San Francisco Bay, Region 9
Through its Science Results Integration Initiative,
ORD scientists worked with the local team to provide
the latest information on the potential effects of
EDCs. They identified several exposure bioassays
under ORD development, conducted a hands-on
technology demonstration, and provided training on
basic molecular biology concepts and microbial source
tracking. Region 9 now has a better understanding of
the issue and can provide long-term improvements in
water quality by incorporating new technologies.
ORD looks forward to providing similar results on all
levels - regional, state and tribal - as it continues the
rollout of this initiative.
Methods Development
Excessive sedimentation is one of the primary sources
of stream degradation in many EPA Regions. Even
though sediments are one of the most common
pollutants on impaired water body lists, the methods
to quantitatively analyze and assess this property are
lacking.
- All EPA Regions
Under ORD's Regional Methods Program, the
Regions requested that ORD develop an Excess
Sediment Index. By using this information, Regions
will be able to quantitatively and more accurately
measure the changes in stream channel morphology
and sedimentation. In Region 3, this protocol has been
used to investigate sedimentation problems related
to streams impacted by both mountaintop/valley fill
and longwall coal mining. By 2004, Region 10 will
have more than 1,000 sites collecting quantitative
physical habit data (including sedimentation) as part
of its R-EMAP program.
I*.
"m
-------
ReqioN SCIENCE
JT>
U.S. EPA: Of(i(h ol RstARch &
-------
U.S. EPA: OfFiCE of RfSEARch &
SCIENCE LJAJSONS (RSLs) TO ORD
Regional Science Liaisons (RSLs) are Regional
scientists who manage, implement and facilitate
ORD's Regional Science Program. This program
provides ORD with a clear understanding of the
Regions' high-priority science issues and research
needs. It supports the planning and conduct of this
research and assists in applying ORD science results
to risk assessment and decision-making for the
Regions, states and tribes;
The RSL is responsible for leading the planning and
conduct of Regional Science Topic Workshops,
administering the Regional Applied Research Effort
(RARE) program, and supporting the development
of Regional input to the annual research planning
process. He/She is expected to communicate science
to the Regions, states and tribes through a variety of
other mechanisms. Job tasks include coordinating
visits and presentations by ORD scientists, working
with STAR grant recipients, facilitating guest lectures,
and organizing science fairs and training courses.
The RSL for Region 1 is:
Roger Hillger
USEPA-RAA
One Congress Street #1100
Boston, MA 02114-2023
Ph: 617/918-1071 (Mon., Wed., Fri.)
Ph: 781/863-4342 (Tue., Thurs.)
Fx: 617/918-1029
The RSL for Region 2 is:
Audrey Galizia
USEPA
290 Broadway
New York, NY 10007-1866
Ph: 732/906-6887
Fx: 732/321-6616
The RSL for Region 3 is:
Ron Landy
USEPA-3ES01
Environmental Science Center
701 Mapes Rd.
Fort Meade, MD 20755-5350
Ph: 410/305-2757
Fx: 410/305-3095
The RSL for Region 4 is:
Tom Baugh
USEPA Region 4
61 Forsyth St. SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
Ph: 404/562-8275
Fx: 404/562-8269
The RSL for Region 5 is:
David Macarus
USEPA B19J
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
Ph: 312/353-5814
Fx: 312/353-5374
The RSL for Region 6 is:
Mike Callahan
USEPA-6RA-D
1445 Ross Ave., #1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Ph: 214/665-2787
Fx: 214/665-6648
The RSL for Region 7 is:
John Helvig
USEPA-ENSV
901 North Fifth St.
Kansas City, KS 66101
Ph: 913/551-7018
Fx: 913/551-8752
The RSL for Region 8 is:
Patti Tyler
USEPA-Region 8
999 18th St., #500
Denver, CO 80202-2466
Ph: 303/312-6081
Fx: 303/312-7828
The RSL for Region 9 is:
Bobbye Smith
USEPA-PMD-1
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
Ph: 415/97^-3735
Fx: 415/947-8025
The RSL for Region 10 is:
Roseanne Lorenzana
USEPA-OEA 095
1200 Sixth Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
Ph: 206/553-8002
Fx: 206/553-0119
-------
U.S. EPA: Office of RESEARC^ &
ISTANCES
(HSTLP)
The Hazardous Substances Technical Liaison Program
(HSTLP) was created in 1990 as a joint effort among
ORD, the Regions and the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (OSWER). The program's goals
are to expand the technical support available to
Regional staff and promote the incorporation of
sound science and technology in Regional OSWER
decisions and actions.
To accomplish these goals, there are Hazardous
Substances Technical Liaisons (HSTLs) assigned to
one of eight Regions (Regions 1-4 and 7-10). These
key personnel provide technical assistance, advice
and training to the Regional OSWER staff and
management. Among their tasks, they organize
and facilitate workshops to address the Regions'
high-priority science and technology issues, such
as the recent "Decision Support Tools Workshop"
and "Natural Attenuation of Groundwater
Contamination Workshop."
is:
Steve Mangion
U.S. EPA
One Congress St.
Boston, MA 02114-2023
Ph: 617/918-1452
The HSTL for Region 4 is:
Felicia Barnett
U.S. EPA
61 Forsyth St.
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
Ph: 404/562-8659
The HSTL for Region 9 is:
Mike Gill
U.S. EPA
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105-3901
Ph 1415/972-3054
The HSTL for Region 7. is:
Jon Josephs
U.S. EPA
290 Broadway, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10007-1866
Ph: 212/637-4317
The HSTL for Region 7 is:
Robert Mournighan
U.S. EPA
901 North Fifth St.
Kansas City, KS 66101
Ph: 913/551-7913
The HSTL for Region 10 is:
John Barich
U.S. EPA
1200 Sixth Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
Ph: 206/553-8562
The HSTL for Region 3 is:
Norm Kulujian
U.S. EPA
1650 Arch St.
Philadephia, PA 19103-2029
Ph: 215/814-3130
The HSTL for Region 8 is:
Jim Dunn
U.S. EPA
999 18th St., Suite 300
Denver, CO 80202-2466
Ph: 303/312-6573
-------
U.S. EPA: Officf of
& Dwlo|>Mn\r
SciENce TO AckiEVE RESISTS (STAR)
GRANT
EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program
funds research grants and graduate fellowships in
numerous science and engineering disciplines. It
allows the EPA to collaborate with the nation's best
scientists and engineers on a local level, engaging
them in targeted research to meereachrRegion's
own high-priority needs.
Each year the agency receives about 3,000 to
3,500 STAR proposals, which undergo a competitive
solicitation process and peer review. Out of those
proposals, STAR typically awards 150 research grants
and 40 joint research grants (with other federal and
private-sector partners). This reach extends to
approximately 280 universities and non-profit
research institutions in all states, Guam, Puerto Rico
and the District of Columbia.
Annually, EPA manages 500-600 active research
grants and 300 fellowships. STAR partnerships have
addressed a wide variety of environmental concerns
since the program's inception in 1995. Today, it
focuses on the health effects of particulate matter,
drinking water, water quality, global change,
ecosystem assessment and restoration, human health
risk assessment, endocrine disrupting chemicals,
pollution prevention and new technologies,
children's health and socio-economic research.
EPA issues annual solicitations for Phase I and Phase II
research proposals from science and technology-based
firms. EPA uses this phased approach to help determine
whether the research idea, often on high-risk
advanced concepts, is technically feasible, whether
the firm can do high-quality research, and-whether
sufficient progress has been made to justify a larger
Phase II effort. Research topics include nanotechnology
and pollution prevention, water and air pollution
control, management of solid and hazardous waste,
environmental monitoring and measurement, and
bioterrorism detection and decontamination.
Under Phase I, the scientific merit and technical
feasibility of the proposed concept is investigated.
EPA plans to award firm-fixed-price Phase I contracts
of £80,000 with up to 10 months performance periods.
Phase II contracts are limited to small businesses that
have successfully completed Phase I. The objective of
Phase II is to further develop and commercialize the
concept proven feasible in Phase I. Competitive
awards are based on the results of Phase I, the Phase
II workplan and the commercialization potential of
the Phase II technology. EPA plans to conduct the
Phase II solicitation during Phase I and award Phase
II contracts of £225,000 or £325,000 at the end of the
Phase I contract period.
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one
of 10 federal agencies that participate in the SBIR
Program established by the Small Business Innovation
Development Act of 1982. The purpose of this Act
was to strengthen the role of small businesses in
federally funded R&D and help develop a stronger
national base for technical innovation. Joint ventures
and limited partnerships are eligible for SBIR awards,
provided the entity created qualifies as a small business.
-------
t- Pr«ejects:
Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Grants
Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships
Small Business Innovation Research
August 16,2002
#
1
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8
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15
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Abstract
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Gas Turbine Engine Performance Monitor for
Reduced Emissions
: " "" ~ --
Low-Cost Mercury Sorbents Derived From Waste
33res
Cryptosporidium Detection System
Trackina Persistent Oraanic Pollutants (POPs)
Through Biotic and Abiotic Processes in the
Environment
Mechanistic Rola of Plant Root Exudates In the
Phvtoremedlation of Persistent Organic Pollutants
... „ .. .
Nanofibrous Manganese Dioxide for Volatile Organic
Compounds
Microbiological and Phvsieocnernical Aspects of
Mercury Cycling In the Coastal/Estuarina Waters of
Long Island Sound and Its River-Seawaler
Mixing Zones
Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Power
Plants
Soot. Precursor Particle and Higher Hydrocarbon
Production In Flames
...
Culturina Urban Ecoloav Strategic Linkaoes of
Environment and Cultural Identity, in Urbqp River
Restoration. The Upper Baamati Basin. Kathmandu.
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Markham. James R. [Advanced Fuel Research Inc. |Manager. SBIR
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Fernandez, Salvador M iCIencia line, iManager. SBIR
•Program
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Mattina, Mary; Jane ^Connecticut Agricultural iShapiro, Paul
Incorvia; Eitzer, Brian; 'Experiment Station
Simon, Ted \
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White , Jason C . ; Gage. -Connecticut Agricultural -Lasat, Mitch
Daniel J.; Gent, Martin ^Experiment Station University I
P.N.; Mattina, Mary; Jane iof Connecticut
Incorvia; Smets, Barth F. !
Xiao, Danny jlnframat Corporation iManager, SBIR
iProgiam
Fitzgerald, William F.; 'University of Connecticut Istete, BID
VTsscher, PieterT.
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Helble, Joseph J.; iUniversity of Connecticut iShapiro, Paul
Sarofim, Adel F. iUnivers%ofUteh i
Pfefferle, Lisa; Fillipov. iYale University ;Shaptro, Paul
Andrei; McEnally. Charles }
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Amount
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40 JR827353C003
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38 JR827353C001
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39 JRB27353C002
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land Indoor Sources JPeter
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42 JR827353C005 [Assessing Life-Shortening Associated with Exposure jSchwartz, Joel
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Katz, Stacey; Robarge,
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43 [R827353C006
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, Douglas W.
44 JR827353C008 iDifferentiatina the Roles of Particle Size. Particle
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48 iR828172Grant i Eddy-Correlation Measurement of Size-Segregated jSmith, Kenneth A.
j land Composition-Resolved Aerosol Depositional Flux j
! '[Using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer i:
49 :R828l92Gfant
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^Emissions from Waste Incinerators bv Real-Tlrfie :\Aforsnop, Douglas Ft
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; i jRichard
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56 [68D01057SBIR llnnovative Ultraviolet Light Source for Disinfection of jschaefer, Raymond B.
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57 •68D00279SBJR {Handheld Laser-Based Sensor for Remote DetecBon IFrish, Michael B.
; jpf Gas Leaks ]
58 J68D00204SBIR JField Screening Detector for Metals in Soil JHunter, Amy J.R.
60 J68D99063SBIR jHandheld Laser-Based Sensor for Remote Detection JFrish, Michael B.
I jof Gas Leaks {
65 {RS27583Graja [Integrated Environmental Futures for the U.S. JBernov*; Stephen;
• ; [Dougherty, Wfitrfam;
1 [Heaps, Charles; Karfha,
• ! fSfvanXBaskin, Paul; S8itz
|Johfn WhBe, Alien;
; -Cleetus, Rachel; Rajart,
\ 1 ISudhirChella
66 ;R827450Grant infrastructure Systems. Services, and Climate JKirshen, Paul; Ruth,
i JChanqe: Integrated Impacts and Response Strategies JMatthias
1 ifor the Boston Metropolitan Area i
67 sR828043Grant JDevelooment and Evaluation of Methods for the -tziparf, Saul; Btickhoft,
• 'Concentration; Separation. Detection, and f Michael; Widmer;
I JViabiliiyflnfectitfgV of Three Prbtozba item Large JGicvannl; Zuckermanri,
: JVolume of Water jUai; She^ran, Abhineet
68 :R829608Grant iAn Investigation of Compliance Behavior and jMurphy, James;
; iEnforcement of Emissions Trading Programs Using jStranlund, John
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69 JR828580Grant JSpringfield Surface Water Action Monitoring JQajJuzzo, Katie; Beat8e,
? -Partnership (Sswamp) 5MiRe; Caliral, Dtedre;
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71 ;68D02Q16SBIR JLow^Cdst Machining VWtfioUt Cutfing Fluids iRozztJayC.
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76 IR826731 Grant {Continuous Micro-Sorting of Complex Waste Plastics iCalo, Joseph M.
! JPartiele Mixtures Via Liauid-Fluidized Bed I
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iEconornics of Conserving Ecosystem Integrity with
jResjdential Develppment_around VemaLPpPl?
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'Ecological Analysis of a 38-year Time Series
'•Swallow, Stephen K.
jSwallow, Stephen K.;
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jSmayda, Theodore J.;
•Borkman, David; Li, Yaqin
'University of Rhode Island -Clark, Matthew
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'University of Rhode Island iperovich, Gina
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R827440Grant llngestion of Pesticides by Children in an jShalat, Stuart L.; Buckley, Brian [University of Medicine and jSaint, Chris
JAgricultural Community on the |T.; Calvin, James A.; Donnelly, [Dentistry of New Jersey, I
:U.S./Mexico Border JKirbyC.; Freeman, Natalie :EnvIi*if,»i:.>3larkl_ I
I [C.G.; Garcia, Deliana; Robson, [Occupational Healtii t •'. :h-?H.«s ;
• in/lark !ln«tittite.Rb&^V%cKi Johnson!
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R827915Grant =The Redox Cvcte of Mereuiv in Nafaital \ftfetets iMorel. Francois MM.: Morel. jPrinceton University |SJelz,Bai
i jFrancotsM. f :'
U915719Fellow JEnvironmental Covariabilitv. Demographic jRegetz, James (Princeton Unlvarelty l-JMorehouse, Karen
SConneetivitv. and the Dynamics of Pacific j j
jSalmon (Oncorhvnchus SPP.> Populations I i \
R829585Grant JEfectronic Taos for Prodact tifecvclo jThomas, Valerie; Wagner, Sigurd jPrinceton University iKam, Barbara
JManaaement , •
R828177Grant JAtmospheric Dry Particle Deposition of POPs JEisenreich, Steven J.; Holsen, [Rutgers SUNJ jShapiro, Paul
jand Trace Metals in an Urban- and JThomas M. '• }
ilndustriallv-lmpacted Mid-Atlantic Estuary : ;
IfAEOLOS B Mid-Atlantic) j ; j
R8272880rant Jlnteqratlno Models of Cftizejis Perceptions. :tUckert JRobert K.; HaWfcfrts, [Stony BpSQiliSiNStonB fLsvinson, Barbara
JMetal Contaminants, and Wetlands jGeorge S.; Jaffe, Peter R.; jWat*i:;;!t ; ssoclatfon. ;
'•Restoration in an Urbanizing Watershed pshnsdn, Branden B,; Pflugn, :Prineeion Umverkftyi Rulers ; ' I
; [Kerry K. luniversisy - Nsw Bfunsviftdt !
R829391 Centers ICenter for Childhood Neurotoxicology and iLambert, George H. illniversity of Medicine and jSaint, Chris
(Assessment i jDentistiy of New Jersey.
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jSeptember 2002
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jjanuary 2003
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$240,000 Maraiary2002-
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17 ;R828902Grant
18 JR827674Grant
19 lR827446Grant
20 JR827997Grant
21 [R828B45GjSDt
22 JR827929Grant
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24 ;R829598Grant
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{Modeling Heal and Air Quality Impacts of jKinney, Patrick L.;
[Changing Urban Land Uses and Climate JAvissar, Roni; Rao, S. Trivikrama
I [Small, Christopher, Soleki,
j [William D.
I Viruses as a Regulator of Harmful Alga! Bloom SGastrich. Mary Dowries;
jActivitv: Aureococcus anophaaeffgrens as a fAndersort, O.R.; Gobfer,
JModel System {Christopher, Wiltielrn, Steven W.
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[Statistical Modeling of Waterborne Pathogen jStedinger, Jery
JConcentrations I
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ilmpact of Invasive Plants on Abundance and jBlossey, Bemd
jFttness of Salamanders
j Effects of N Deposition on Gaseous N Loss [Groffman, Peter M.; Adams, Man
Ifrom Temperate Forest Ecosystems iBeth; Fernandez, Ivan; Porter,
: [Christopher, Rustad, Lindsey;
| iVerchot, Louis V.
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jTetrachloroetnena by Using Blomarkere and {Gensburg, Lenore; Lin, Shao;
•Neurobehavioral Tesflftg In Diverse ResidentiaifLevin. Stephen M.; Welles,
jPoDutattons [Wanda Lizak
5A Source-Oriented Evaluation of the Combined llto. Kazuhiko; Thurston, George
JEffects of Fine Particles and Copollutants ID.
'Brominated DBP Formation and Seeclation jkgduff.Ph.D, James E.;
jBased on the Specific UV Afasorbanee |Karanfif,Ph.D, Tanju
jDlstribuf on of Natural Waters
ilmproved Simulation of Advection and jWalcek, Chris
JDispersion of Urban Air Toxics •
JA High Performance Anaivtie Element Mode): U. Rabtdeau, Atan; Becker.
KSIS fnterface. Calibrate Tools, and iMatihew; HeweBng, Oougias;
tABBlication to the Naaara ^ate Reaton yankovte, Igor
jMaterial Selection in Green Design and jLin, Li; VanBenschoten, John E.;
iEnvironrnerital Cost Analysis [Vena, John
•Occtirrience and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and iBfpwnawelt, Brace J,; tden,
JPSrsonal Care Products in Groundwater jGriartesR.
iEnyironmente : :
IVoluntary Environmental Standards: FurtherinalKing. Andrew; Radner, Roy R.;
iMoral Suasion While Preventing Moral Hazard iShaver, James; Myles; Bamett,
I jMichael; Lenox, Michael;
! jTerlaak, Ann
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jChemical and Biological Control of Mercury jDriscoll. Charies T.; Munson,
iCvcling in Upland. Wetland and Lake iRonald; Newton, Robert; Yavitt,
lEcosvstems in the Northeastern U.S. [Joseph
[Columbia University, StontclairjManty, Dale
; State University, Rutgers \
^University, State University of !
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iCoIumfrjs USJi^stty, Long ^-Tovich, Gina
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iComell University 'Fields, Nigel
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jComell University ISenft, Amanda
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^ilnstituta of Ecosysfem JPerovich, Gina
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;W,; Oberddrster, Gtmter Zareba, |
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August 16,2002
Identifier ^Abstract
ftS28i i&drant preparation Of Superferromaanetic LanthanMe
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jl&ennett, tawrense H,
R829626Grgnt jDendritic Nanoscale Chelatino Agents: Synthesis.
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828628Grant lEfficiencv and Distributional Consequences of the
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.fazTSBSGrant HectronteEnvironmental Democracy: The Future of fcavfes, J. Clarence
{ pnfomriation Teehttoloav in Participatorv finvifonmBntal ^eierie, ThSmas C.
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10 =68D02013SBlRKetrofitting Diesel Electrical Generators for Emission
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•R829576Grant -Comoosite Resins and Adhesives from Plants
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. Chatacterizafion and Catalwc Stuares of
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R829622Grant Elemental Comoosition of Freshlv Nucleated Particles
Johnston, Murray V.
$390,000 Uanuary 2002 -
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6 jR8276S3Grant 'Understanding the Role of Sulfur in the Production and jMason, Robert P.; Gilmour
jFate of Methvlmercurv in Watersheds {Cynthia C.
$779,7881 "January 1999 -
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•feehavior Patz, J. F.; Samel, J,;
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R829011 Grant
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Study of Particle and Pathoaen Removal Durina Bank Bouwer. Edward J.:
Tiltration of River Waters j^bovtes. R.: LeChevallier.
JM.W.; O'Melia, Charles R.;
[Schwab, K.J.
Pharmaceuticals and Antiseptics: Occurrence and Fate Roberts, A. Lynn; Bouwer,
n Drinking Water, Sewage Treatment Facilities, and lEdward J.
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EPA Center for Hazardous Substances in Urban Bouwer, Edward J.; Alavi,
Environments iHedv: Baker, Joel E..: Ball,
[William P.; Carfey, Robert;
Phen, Guangming;
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jGeorge; Helble, Joseph J.;
iMacKay, Allison; Mason,
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jO'Melia, Charles R.;
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iPerkins, Chris; Roberts, A.
|Lynn; Sattier, Barbara;
iSmets, Barth F.; Stone,
lAlan T.; Williams, Sedley
Mechanistic Invesfiaations of Fe(0) Reactions wBh Roberts. A. Lynn:
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Fatuxent and Gwvnns Falls Landscape Models to jBoumans, Roetof; Maxwell,
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'3tte Rest of Nature Vblnov, Aiexey; Wainger,
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! JR.; VanHoutven, George
R829407Grant Environmental Management Systems: Informing lave, Lester; Hendrickson,
Organizational Decisions Chris
R829580Grant Towards Elimination of Transition Metals and VOCs JMatyjaszewski, Krzysztof
from the Environmentally Benign Materials Made by !
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R829589Grant iAnalvsis and Management of Fluxes in Bacillus jGrossmann, Ignacio E.;
iPathwavs for Pesticide and Protein Production iDomach, Michael M.
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R829604Grant lUltrasensitive Pathogen Quantification in Drinking WaterJShih. Wan Y.; Lee, Y.;
jUsing Highly Piezoelectric PMN-PT Microcantilevers IMutharasan, R.; Shih,
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R827445Grant [Molecular Characterization of a Biological Threshold in iKnudsen, Thomas B.;
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for Toxic Metals Removal Alfred
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Research Triangle
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Carnegie Mellon University
Samegle Mellon University
Carnegfe Motion University
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Jefferson Medical College
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Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships
Small Business Innovation Research
August 19, 2002
Identifier jAbstract
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3827072C010 Mffecis Of Variation In River Dlsehafqe aad kierte, Ronald P.; Cowan, sAfe*w.
JWtod-Driven Resuspenslon on Lower Trophic Levels l/eati; Pennock, Jonathan jit *•».-,&
jbf the Mobile Bay Ecosystem jt; Thomas, Florence !
=!827072C012 iEffecls of Salinity Stress on Natural and
Centers jAnthropogenicallv-Derived Bacteria in Estuarine
Environments
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Separations (TSE99-A)
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Katritzky, Alan R.
|^827072COb1 ^Fluorescent VVhtenlng Agents As Facile Pollution poff!, Eugans A.
arkers In Shellfehing Waters
{R827072C002 ged Snapper Demographics on Artificial Reefs: The
Effect of Nearest-Neighbor Dynamics
Dowan, James H.; Shah,
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«827072COQ3 Stabilization of Eroding Shorailnaa ipEstuarina Wave -DoUglaSs, Scott L,;
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|R827p72C005 fffects of Variation In River Discharge and powan, James H.
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ICenters jfunctlon of shallow water 'nursery habitats': an
I Jexperimental assessment
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iValentine, John F,
i, Gina
January 1999- ill
September 2000
£8270720)11
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aMtal for Juvenile Sea Turtles '•,:• ;
Mel, David; Marion, Ken;
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Centers
The Role of Land-Use/Land-Cover and Sub-esluarlne
Ecosystem Nitrogen Cycling In the Regulation of
Hs
Nitrogen Delivery to a River Dominated Estuary:
vloblle Bav. Alabama
'2C014 ^Environmental Attitudes of Alabama Coastal
'ennock, Jonathan R.;
Klene, Ronald P.; Lehrter,
John
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Ffcptl, J, Steven;
rormlchella, Ceoeila;
jjohnson, 6. David;
jNftholls. Keith
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16 pR829094Grant jEvaluating Multiple Stressors in Loggerhead Sea iWyneken, Jeanette; Florida Atlantic University - jSenft, Amanda !
I [Turtles: Developing A Two-Sex Spatially Explicit Model JCrowder. Larry B.; Epperly.fepca Raton, Diike ',
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jViulti-tevBl Indicators of Ecosystem fotearfiv in Alpine Ion's, James T.; BaBer, A. ItiamS Onfverei^, ynivereity of j
jLakes of the Sierra Nevada yohrcGtittman. Shefdon I.; palifcimlB - Daws, Unfeafs%sf i
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Shoreline Interstitial Waters: A Search for Indicators ofestiobu. Nwadiuto: pceanograpJiic Center, Florida \ j 2003 ;
Health Risks pvlcCorquodale, Don {ftHaflttetJB&e>Bf£-8^£aidifi j j j
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I bf Ecosystem Conditions jSchayek, Lily j- Main Campus, University of
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Wetland ELrtroDhscation SV.Fj Fisher, M.M; Plver ¥¥air Managen»rS
fGraham, W.; Keenan, L. Blsfrfet
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"issessment Of tha Consequences of Climate Ctianaa JfarwsH, Marfc A.; Autt,
M lha South Florida Environment fjarald S,; Cropper,
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jGantBe, John ft; tetson,
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jQgden, John C.; Tosfcit,
Steven; Wang, John;
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Grant JNanosensors for Detection of Aquatic Toxins
IPnvslcal Oceanoaraphlc Studies
^IcManus, John W.
|_ee, Tom
Swart, Peter
i Robert E,
December 1999
December 2003
plarltAtlarrfaUnivartfty
Understanding the Sources and Fate of Conventional
Harwood, Valerie J.; Rose
and Alternative Indicator Organisms In Tropical Waters Joan
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JR829213£raDl Mulliple Pollutants and Risk of Cardiac and
fiesplratorv Emergency Department Visits In Atlanta
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fcana; Klein, Mitchel; Lylesj •
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for the Study of Interactions between Urban and Point
Source Plumes and Regional Atmospheres in the
Formation of Secondary Pollutants
Computational Retirements of Statistical Learnlna
within a Declslon-Makina Framework for Sustainable
Technology
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j39 fm29564Grant flemoval of Photoresist and Post-Plasma Etch
jSldewall Films Using Supercirilical and Subcrilical
ICO2 with Additives
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D, Scott [Technology, North Carolina ; Uanuary 2002
IStateURivBrstty
.Chert, Victoria C.P.;
Chang, Michael E.;
Johnson, Ellis L.; Lee, Eva
K.Y.
Georgfa tastltule of -': . ' . i. i
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Karn, Barbara
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Eckert, Charies A. ; Brown, iGeorgia InsOtuts of Karnv Barbara
James; Bush, David; Hecttntrfogy
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tesutis, Heather, Uotta, C. i
1.; Noten, Shane; Poliet, f
Pamela; Smith, Griffin; •
|West, Kevin :
Rodgers, Michael O.;
Pearson, James R.
Georgia Institute of
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Hess. Denote W. JSeorgta Institute of
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Ecosystems in Suburban Watersheds
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$3 jR829006Gratrt ;The Environmental Occurrence. Fata, and Ecotoxtcav
pf Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) in
jftqualic Environments
44 R829396Grant Measurements and Models of Longitudinal Dietary
intake of Pvrethroid and Oroanophosphate
i Insecticides By Children
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ftrmbrust, Kevin; Black, -University of Georgia ,,vj,
Marsha; Gragson, Ted; \ ...'.•.
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JudyL.; Noblet, Raymond; {.••'.' :
Shuman, Larry; West, Dee;j
Williams, James B. ;
Shapiro, Paul
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Hassan, Sayed; Kerr, |Unlvers% I
William L.; Ryan, P. Barry [,-. |
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Models and Mechanisms: Understanding Maffinla
Stressor Effects on an Amphibian Population
Membrane-Based Manostnuctured Metals for
Reductive D6qradatton of Hazardous Oraanlcs at
Room Temperature
PatrnBr, Brent 0.: Crowtey,
Philip: ElsKus. Adrta;
Shepherd, Brian; Sih, Andy
Bhattacharyya, Dfoakar
Bachas, Leonldas G.;
Ritchie, Stephen M,C.
Arnanda
Savage. Nora
: Valuing Market Based Incentives for
.R8296Q7G_rin1 jUrban Regeneration through Environmental
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3rovmfield3 DeveioomBnt
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R828017Gram Assessing Levels Of Intermittent Exposures of Chfldren jCharnbere. Janice E,; Wsttolpfrf Siat« UBi**r«Hy Sairt, Chris
Ito Haa Qwitn^ tosedJEidgs irom tho Fur grf Dogs Soorte, 4. Scott; Boyle,
1
ICarolyn R.; T^er, John W.
a828717Grant Environmental Risks to Children's Health: Parents' Dickie, Ma*; GerWng,
tek Beliefs, Protective Behavior, and Willingness fa? fehelby
Jlark, Matthew
«827401Sfarrt gnd^tama Dteruatton In Marine <^sbopods bv
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sMcCleSlan-Green, Patricia
0.; Gefshwfn, M. Eric;
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iR828784Grant Jntearatlna Economic and Ecological Models Across
I Scales to Assess Aquatic Species Vulnerability
Schaberg, Rex; Abt, Ouk» University,
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Timber Harvest and Land Use Change in
Freshwater Streams of the Southeastern U.S.
Robert; Cubbage, Fred;
Halpin, Pat; Hershey, Annefei^h Carolina at Creensboro
4B22.832
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R829012erant
Effects
Effectiveness of UV Irradiation for Pathoaen
inactivation In Surface Waters
Clyde, Merttse
Bake University
Reids, Nigel ,
Linden, Kart G.; Sobsey, buke Orth««»it)f, tteSwi%^ kolt-Helms, Cynthia
MarkD. pioffiCarolmastCftapeiHB \
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• JComblned Maternal Exposure of Rats to Nicotine and
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Vasu, Michael; Atlas, Mark;
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Morth Carolina State
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Carrlllo, Susan
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land Hazards in Plating
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'
IS9.0G2 »Ianuafy2o02 - JQR i
i;s |JanUafy2805 |
'^•<: ' -3?'V ' |'.vJ':3.J
I ' •• >:
$166,519 November 1999 - JQR
November 2001
j
I
r&£74 January 2000 -June f)ft
2002
,-J. 1 -• ; '
/LS.t,.. i : ^ , ..-'•;•.- • :V
Va», Lance; Branch, Battelte MemoriaHnstttute, ^lanfy, Dala S869.364 ^prS 2000 -April 2003 WA
Krlsti;Daub!e,tlennfsr fs--.'A^.\!ff£-.:-^^ ....'-'..-..'. ^; v ?
Leung, L Ruby; SaXton, |DM«:»s.!-i, Kv»xf;t^«'^;r'Saw .,;;;v ' '- .•.;'-, |C:! • •'•••••f"
^eitfT;ScoftS[ike; |lniversHy ' ' ;: ''::5; '"S •• •;• : : ^'••>l^..-J '< • .; • • .*•:• ,,
SfoeM0, Ctaudio; . { • * |
Wigmosta, Mark • ", :
Schultz, Irvin R.; Bull, fiattelte Mtmorial Institute, ^oil-Helms, Cynthia
Richard J.; Poet, Torka; ^acffm Northwest
Shangraw, Robert blvisfon ?
I 4
$524,928 September 2000 - ^^
September 2003
. . ",;: " """! '"""""" ~^~.~,.-.~, -.,,..„ „„.„_..,
Chandler, Datrell P.; iBattelle Memorial Institute, iNoft-Heltns, Cynthia 8517,818 Uanuary2000- fyyA
DeLeon, Ricardo bacific Northwest | |Januajy2003
• '.'•"Vi ; aDMston, Metropoiiian Water V 1
EHstrtct of SBtiithBrn CaSSjrafe i 1 ' ;: ,!.•,• '••
-------
i16 jR828608Grant
evelopment of a Physiologically Based
harmaGokinetlc/ Pharmacodvnamlc (PBPK/PDV-Model
Quantitate Blomarkers of Exposure for
rqanophosphate Insecticides
Tlmchalk, Charles;
Campbell, James A.
Poet, Torka
emoval of Mercury and Other Heavy Metals of
Bloom, Nicolas S
Hensman, Carl E
industrial and Contaminated Site Waste Waters by
Ciraanic Chelation. Coprecipltatlon. and High Efficiency
Participate Removal
,19 «! and ..Si»;f!:»«?« iBfcwm, 8,;
1 I' "'"."i'':'' *irt»tri:,sa»rt(;v,Twr:,irrSlccl;i?«-s:S:»a';S,iKKt&^ fisnsnraw,Car)E,
braarteetialafBii, CooracawSErfl'ori and Htoh-Effictencv i -
;20 S8D02025SBIR A Portable Spectrometer for the Accurate Determination Gurleyuk, Hakan
bf Arsenic in Waters
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!$8,288,97? Uanuary 1999-May
1 [2004
to27355CentersJNorthwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution jKoenig, Jane Q.;
land Health University of Washington jCheckoway, Harvey;
i~ plaiborn, Candls; Covert
JDavid; Kalman, Dave;
iKaufman, Joel;
I j jKavanagh, Terrance J.;
rson, Timothy V.; Liu,
ially; Luchtel, Daniel L.;
p.umley, Thomas;
iRosenfeld, Michael;
jSheppard, Lianne;
jSiscovick, David
ieaith Eflasls sf. PiV1 ta
KiSUfrn?
, HmofityV
'Sally; Lumtey,,
IShejipsrti,
=Sut!i?an, Jeff,' frenga,
; Wat
-------
24 =R827355C003C Personal PM Exposure Assessment
anters
Liu, Sally; Claibom.
jCandis; Gundel, Lara;
JLarson. Timothy V.
rUniversfty of Washington, .Katz, Stacey;
Washington State University jRobarge. Gail
,$8.288,977
January 1999 - May
2004
WA
25 ,R827355C004C Ooslmetry Assessment: Aerosol Number. Size
iertters iDlsiribution. and Dosimetrv Measurements and
26 p?827355C001C jEpidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and
jenters toardiopulmonary Mortality
I I
j ;
Covert, David; Elleman, University of Washington Katz, Stacey;
Rob; Kim, Eugene; JRobarge. GaH
Larson, Timothy V.
I
Kaufman, Joel; University of Washington
Checkoway, Harvey;
Koenig, Jane Q.;
Sheppard, Lianne;
Siscovick, David
27 |R827355C005£ .Mechanisms of Toxtoitv of PM Using Transoenic Mouse tuchfel, Daniel L.;
jenters [Strains !adiges. Warren: Larson,
fTTmothy V.; Lewtas.
L)oef!en
5 j
; ! •
28 iR827675Grant jApplication of Remotely-sensed Data To Regional .flurges, Stephen J.;
{Analysis and Assessment of Stream Temperature in the JBooth, Derek B.;
Pacific Northwest JGillespie, Alan R.
! I i
29 jR828606Granl ,-Salhfa Bto-monBorlnq for Oroanophosphorus Pesticide
jExposures in Chifdren
! I
I J.
Fenske, Richard; Lu,
Chun; Lu, Alex
University of Washington
University of Washington -
Seattle
Seattfe
-
Katz, Stacey;
Robarge, Gail
^8,288.977 January 1999 - May MfA
2004
$8,288,977 Uanuary 1 999 - May
J2004
Katz, Stacey; £8,268.977 January 1999 -May
Robarge, Gail 2004
! |
I I
i
^erovich, Gina
Deener, Kacee
$998,395 iJanuary 2000 - March
2003
J742,597 January 2000 - August
|2003
I
WA
1
WA
: ..j
WA :j
i
t , ,;
WA
j
1
i j
32
'
. .
R827405Grant
R829406Grant
Hazard Initiatives: Societal/Biophysical Estimators for
:he Cedar River and Implications for Regional Rivers
Endocrine Disruotors and Testls Devetooment
Dhvsiological Mechanisms of Estuarine Sediment
Jxidalion by Spartina Cordarasses
Fluharty, David L.;
Leschine, Thomas M.
Skinner, Michael K.
Lee, Raymond
Seattle
Washington Slate University
,-
Washington State University
.
Reese, David H.
_asat, Mitch
$534,583
5110,307
January 2002
January 1999 - July
2002
January 2001 -
October 2004
»W
WA
WA ;
-------
U.S. EPA: Offio of Rtsennch &
Applied RESEARC^ EFFORT
(RARE) PROGRAM
The Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) Program
is one approach EPA takes to promote collaboration
between the Regions and ORD. The goals of the
program are to:
• Provide the Regions with near-term research on
high-priority, Region-specific science needs;
• Improve collaboration between Regions and ORD
Labs and Centers; and
« Build a foundation for future scientific interaction.
Annually, ORD provides about £100,000 to each
Region to develop a research topic. That topic is
then submitted to a specific ORD laboratory or
center as an extramural research proposal. Once
approved, the research is conducted as a joint effort
with ORD researchers and Regional staff working
together to meet Region-specific needs. Each
Region's Regional Science Liaison (RSL) coordinates
RARE program activities and is responsible for
ensuring the research results are effectively
communicated and utilized in the Region.
-------
U.S. EPA: Offio of
& Dwlopiwuv
Applied RESEARCH EFFoRT
(RARE)
REGION 1 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
EPA New England Toxic Sediments Inventory.
Immunochemical Methods Development
and Evaluation.
Investigations into the Causes of Amphibian
Malformations in the Lake Champlain Basin.
Mercury cycling in New England estuaries: A
collaborative study in Great Bay, New Hampshire.
The Role of Natural Processes Towards Arsenic
Mobilization in Landfill Leachate Plumes, Central
Massachusetts: An integrated Approach Employing GIS,
Relational Databases, and Thermodynamic Chemical
Equilibrium Modeling.
Alternatives to Traditional On-site Wastewater
Treatment: A Demonstration Project.
Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates in Urbanizing Wetlands:
Further Development of Wetland Water Quality
Standards and Biological Criteria.
Assessment in Changes in the Chlorinated Organic
Compound Concentrations in Endangered Whales.
Boston Harbor Ecosystem Recovery.
Development and Field Testing of Underwater
Radiation Detection Instrumentation for use in
Risk Assessment.
Development of a Forest Canopy and Land Use
Data System for Biogenic Hydrocarbons for
Biogenic Hydrocarbons.
Evaluation of Remote Sensing Devices for the
Purpose of Developing Cost-Effective and Accurate
Emission Inventory Methods.
Field Evaluation of Global Positioning Equipment.
Field Test of NOAA/NURP Platform to Conduct
Underwater Surveys for Assessing Risks.
Pilot Home Asthma Intervention Study in Boston
Public Housing.
Lab/Center^
NHEERL
NERL
NHEERL
NERL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NHEERL
^Division"
AED
ESD
M-CED
ESD
SPRD
WSWRD
WED
~Yeai~Project
Initiated
iOO1
1997
2.OOO
1998
2.OO1
1991
1994
NHEERL AED 1993
NHEERL AED 1993
I
NERL
NRMRL
NCER
NERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
ESD 1992
APPCD \ 1990
Peer
Review
ESD
AED
APPCD
1995
1991
1991
1999
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Office of
Applied RESEARC!I Effoirr
(RARE) Piu>qRAM
REGION 2 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
American Lobster Mortalities in Long Island Sound.
Macroinvertebrate Protocols on Estuaries in
New Jersey.
Airborne Sources of Nitrogen Species and Toxic
Particulates in the Waters of Long Island Sound.
Development of Gene Probes for Detection of
Crptosporidium Oocysts in Water.
Historic Loading Estimates for Lake Ontario.
Identification of Organic Contaminants in Sediments.
Laboratory Directed Research and Development
Project in Support of the New York and New Jersey
Harbor Sediment Decontamination Program.
Mercury Speciation Quality Control Procedures for
Water, Soil, Sediment, and Tissue.
Model Support for Study on Loadings in Lake Ontario.
Multilaboratory Comparison and Validation Study
of Chlorophyll Methods.
Puerto Rico Groundwater Tracing Study.
Lab/Center-
NHEERL
NHEERL
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NERL
NCEA
~Division~
AED
AED
AMD
MCEARD
M-CED
AED
WSWRD
LRPCD
M-CED
MCEARD
^Year-Project
Initiated
1000
2.OO1
1991
1992
1991
1994
1997
1993
1990
1995
NCEAWDC 1992
Status
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Relationship of THM Precursors in Source Water to
Distribution Systems.
NRMRL
WSWRD
1999
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA:T5ITio o
ReqioNAl Applied ResEARch EffoRT
(RARE)
REGION 3 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Data Collection Manager Module of Region 3'$
Multi-criteria Integrated Resource Assessment
(MIRA) Environmental Decision Making Approach.
Delaware Estuary PCB Model.
Environmental Consequences of the Use of
Veterinary Antimicrobials in Concentrated Animal
Feedlot Operations.
Innovative Approaches to Improve the TMDL Process:
Using Alternative Watershed Sampling Designs to
Measure and Classify Exposure to Natural and
Anthropogenic Determinants of Ecological Condition.
Innovative Approaches to TMDLs-Part 2..
Evaluation of Amphibian Malformations in the Lake
Champlain Basin with the Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation.
Phiesteria Piscicida Impacts.
Response of Pfisteria Piscicida, Microbial Predators
and Prey, and Fish to Common Dithiocarbamate
Fungicides and Heavy Metals.
Application of Geographic Information Systems to
Environmental Health Needs Assessment.
Assessing Aerosol Acidity Exposure and Neutralization
in Pittsburgh Metropolitan Area.
Lab/Center-
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
-Division -
ESD
ERD
GED
EERD
EERD
ND
GED
NERL HEASD
-Year-Project
Initiated
2.OO2
2OO1
1999
2.OO1
2OO2
iOOO
1999
1995
NERL HEASD l 1993
Chesapeake Bay Pesticides Index and Registry Project. NHEERL M-CED 1989
Collaborative Methods Development Work Between
USGS and EPA in the Pocomoke River Basin MD and
Neuse River Basin NC.
NHEERL
GED
1999
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Ollkt of KtSMM.k &
Applied RESEARC!I Effoirr
(RARE) PnoqRAM
REGION 3 RARE PROGRAMS [continued]
Project Title
Development of the Scientific Basis for Promulgation
of Bay-wide Dissolved Oxygen, Light Penetration,
Nutrient and Suspended Sediment Water Quality
Standards for Chesapeake Bay.
Ecoregion Index of Biological Integrity.
Evaluation of Migration Techniques for Non-Radon
Indoor Air Pollutants.
Evaluation of the Potential Impacts of Surface
Mining Activities on Instream Ecological Resources.
Investigations of the Effects of Cyclic Dissolved
Oxygen on Estuarine Organisms.
NOx Control Technology Costs for Coal-Fired Boilers.
Risk Assessment of Habitat and Biodiversity in the
Pocono Region of Pennsylvania.
Study of Environmental Equity Using Human
Environmental Effects and Exposure Indicators.
Use of Biological Communities as Indicators of
Nutrient Enrichment and Toxic Contamination in
Middle Atlantic Coastal Estuaries.
Wetland Mapping and Assessment.
Lab/Center
NHEERL
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NERL
NHEERL
NERL
~Division~
AED
EERD
APPCD
EERD
AED
APPCD
WED
HEASD
AED
ESD
-YearProfect
Initiated
1998
199^
1990
1990
1993
1992
1992
1994
1997
1989
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: OKict of Ktsf-ARch &
Applied ResEARch Effoirr
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 4 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
The Use of an Automated Ribotyping Assay for
Identification and Source Tracking of Microbial
Water Quality Indicators: A Florida Gulf Coast
Ecosystem and Human Health Study.
Vertical Atmospheric Profile of Mercury Species
Over South Florida.
Development of Methods for the Detection of
Speciated Mercury Emissions Using a Continuous
Emissions Monitor.
Distribution and Control of Mercury Methylation
in the Everglades.
Identification and Control of Toxicity Sources in
Industrial Discharges and Stormwater Runoff at
Calvert City Industrial Complex.
Investigation on Specific Rates of Mercury
Transformations as a Source of Methylmercury
Contamination in the Florida Everglades.
Lab/Center
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
-Division -
MCEARD
APPCD
HEASD
ERD
M-CED
GED
-Year-Project
Initiated
2.OO1
1999.
1996
1994
1990
1991
Status
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Investigations to Determine the Minimum Dissolved
Oxygen Requirements of Saltwater Animals
Inhabiting Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico and
Southeast Atlantic Ocean.
NHEERL
AED
1991
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offiu of
Applied ReseARch Effoirr
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 5 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Emissions Profile Characterization of Lake Michigan
Pollutant Sources - Part 1.
Emissions Profile Characterization of Lake Michigan
Pollutant Sources - Part II.
Emissions Profile Characterization of Lake Michigan
Pollutant Sources - Part III.
Identifying and Predicting Diving Plume Behavior at
Groundwater Sites Containing MTBE: Part 1
Supplemental Funding for Activities in FY 2002..
Identifying and Predicting Diving Plume Behavior at
Groundwater Sites Contaminated with MTBE: Part 1.
Identifying and Predicting Diving Plume Behavior at
Groundwater Sites Contaminated with MTBE: Part 2.
Remediation of Radium from Contaminated Soil.
Biochemistry and Genetics of Polychlorinated
Biphenyl Degradation by Bacteria.
Columbus Ohio Incinerator, Soil Dioxin Study.
Feasibility Study for Treating PCB-Contaminated
River Sediments in Steel-Making Blast Furnaces.
Lab/Center-
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NRMRL
-Division-
APPCD
HEASD
HEASD
SPRD
SPRD
SPRD
SPRD
MCEARD
ESD
LRPCD
-Year-Project
Initiated
2OOO
2OOO
2OOO
2OO1
2OO1
2001
1997
1990
1995
1990
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Field Evaluation of Aquatic Ecosystems to
Pesticide Stress.
NHEERL i M-CED
1991
Completed
Holding Times for Sediment Biotest Procedures.
NHEERL | M-CED
1993
Completed
Investigation of the Role of UV Radiation in Frog
Malformations.
NHEERL - M-CED
1998 | Completed
Model Assessment of the Annual Atmospheric
Deposition of Toxic Metals to Lake Michigan.
Saginaw Bay Targeting, Pollution Prevention and
Source Reduction Project.
Sediment and Fish Sample Analysis to Determine
Historical Loadings for Lake Ontario for a Wide
Range of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals.
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
AMD
ESD
M-CED
I
1992 ! Completed
1994
1990
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offi(> of Rtsi-Anc:h & DtvelopMfw
Applied RESEARCH EfFoirr
(RARE) PRoqRAM
REGION 6 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Ambient Air Toxics in Houston-Galveston Area with
High and Low TRI Emissions - A Pilot Study of
Temporal and Spatial Concentrations Using Passive
Sampling Devices (PSDs).
Ambient Air Toxics in Houston-Galveston Area with
High and Low TRI Emissions - Phase II of A Pilot
Study of Temporal and Spatial Concentrations Using
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs).
Data Collection and Processing of Landscape
Assessments in the White River Basin, AR.
Development of Preliminary Hydrology Calibration
forTensas River Basin with HSPF
Ecoregion Delineation in Texas.
Bottlenose Dolphin Mortality in the Gulf of Mexico:
Toxicological and Pathological Analysis.
Conduct a Synoptic Assessment of the White River
and Yazoo River Basins in Arkansas.
Coupling Landscape Characterization and Water
Quality Modeling in the Tensas River Basin as a Pilot
for Understanding and Reducing Nutrient Impacts
on Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.
Development and Evaluation of Borehole
Flowmeter Techniques.
Development of a Geographic Information Data
Network for Natural Resource Conservation in the
Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley in Arkansas.
Development of Pesticides Total Exposure Model
for Region 6.
Effects of Hydroperiod on Nitrification and Plant Growth.
Estimation of Population Exposure to Pesticides in
Region 6 Using Exposure Models and Existing Databases.
Field Comparison of Portable Gas Chromatographs.
Iron Treatment of Lead-Contaminated Media.
Landscape Assessment of the Tensas River Basin, LA.
Manual on Microbial Rock Plant Filters - Region 6.
Lab/Center"
NERL
NERL
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NERL
NRMRL
"Division^
HEASD
HEASD
-Year-Project
Initiated
1999
2OO2
ESD 2.000
ESD 1997
WED 2002
AED
WED
1991
1994
ERD 1998
SPRD 1990
|
NHEERL i WED 1995
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NRMRL
ESD
SPRD
ESD
MCEARD
LRPCD
ESD
WSWRD
i99i
1994
1991
1994
1993
1997
1992
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offict of KesfARch & DFVF|O|>IWNI
Applied ReseARch EffoRT
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 7 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Advanced Monitoring of Constructed Wetlands
Performance in Nebraska.
Application of Biological Aerated Filters to Meet
NPDES Ammonia Limits for Small Communities.
Ecoregionalization of Missouri and Development
Map/poster of Level III and IV Ecoregions in of
Missouri and Iowa.
High Performance Side-Stream Nitrification of
Municipal Biosolids Treatment Decants.
Long-Term Detention for the Stabilization of
Wastewater Biosolids for Small Communities.
Pathogen Removal Characteristics in Constructed
Wetlands Systems.
Production of Biopesticides from Wastewater
Plant Biosolids.
Urban Remote Sensing for Land Use Change and Impacts.
Agroecosystem Indicator Study - Region 7.
Charcoal Kiln Emission.
Chronic Effects of Atrazine Background Levels on
Platte River Algae.
Hydrologic Modeling of Cheyenne Bottoms Wetland.
Investigation of Global Positioning Systems Single
Frequency Hardware.
MicroWell Demonstration Project - Vadose Zone
Investigation and Ground-Water Profiling Using
Microwells at the North Landfill Subsite, Hastings, NE.
Missouri River Benthic Fish Study.
Regional Lead-Risk Reduction Initiative.
Lab/Center"
NRMRL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NRMRL
NHEERL
~Divrsion~
WSWRD
WSWRD
WED
TTSD
TTSD
WSWRD
TTSD
ESD
Year-Project ™
Initiated
1998
iOO1
2.OOO
2.OOO
iOO1
1999
iOOi
2.OO1
ERD 1991
APPCD 1997
M-CED 1994
NERL ERD 1994
NRMRL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NERL
SPRD 1993
SPRD
M-CED
HEASD
1997
1998
1991
-Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offio of
& DtvFlopiww
Applied ResEARch EfFoRT
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 7 RARE PROGRAMS [continued!
Project Title
Spatial Metrics for Ecological Land Type
Associations in Region 7.
Study of the Effect of Redox Conditions for
Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride.
Study of the Role of Deep-Rooted Poplar Trees in
Adding Organic Carbon to Soil for Pesticides and
Toxic Organics Removal.
The Fate and Degradation of the Herbicides Alachlor
and Atrazine in Flooded Wetlands Seasonally.
The Fate of Atrazine in a Wet Meadow in the Central
Platte Valley Alluvium of Nebraska.
Lab/Center"
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
-Division-
ESD
SPRD
ERD
M-CED
SPRD
Year^Projeet
Initiated
1999
1990
1990
1993
1994
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offkf of RtstArich & DtvtlopMtw
Applied RESEARC!I EfFoitT
(RARE)
REGION 8 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Developing a Landscape Approach to Evaluation of
Wetland Condition in the Southern Rocky Mountains:
Phase 1.
Developing a Landscape Approach to Evaluation of
Wetland Condition in the Southern Rocky Mountains:
Phase II.
Effects of Biosolids Application on Erosion Control
and Ecosystem Recovery Following the Buffalo
Creek Fire - Part 1.
Effects of Biosolids Application on Erosion Control
and Ecosystem Recovery Following the Buffalo
Creek Fire- Part II.
Level IV Ecoregion Delineation for the State
of Wyoming.
Source Water Control within the Mary Murphy Mine.
Accuracy and Effectiveness of the HC Channel of a
Remote Emissions Sensor.
Assessment of the Functions and Values of Irrigated
Wetlands in Region 8.
Crested Butte Woodstove Replacement Project.
Development and Potential Fate of Leachate at
Small Landfills in the Arid West.
Field-screening Methods for UST sites.
Groundwater Sampling for Volatile Organics.
Montana Sub-ecoregion Delineation Phase 1.
Montana Sub-ecoregion Delineation Phase II.
Montana Sub-ecoregion Delineation Phase III.
Nyland Homes Low Emission Residence Field Study.
Radon Mitigation in Mountain Residences.
Sub-Ecoregion Delineation - Utah.
Sub-Ecoregion Delineation for North Dakota/
South Dakota.
Use of Waste Heat to Increase the Mobility/Recovery
of Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (LNAPL).
Lab/Center
NHEERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NERL
NHEERL
"Division^
WED
WED
TTSD
TTSD
WED
STD
HEASD
Year-Project
Initiated
2OOO
2OO1
1998
2.OOO
2OO1
2000
1993
WED 1992
NRMRL APPCD 1989
NRMRL LRPCD 1993
NERL ESD 1989
NRMRL SPRD 1993
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NERL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
WED
WED
WED
HEASD
APPCD
WED
WED
SPRD
1997
1998
2OOO
1992
1993
1999
1994
1994
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offkf of Rtsi-ARch & DtvflopwFivi
Applied RESEARC!I EfFoRT
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 9 RARE PROGRAMS
Project Title
Bioremediation of Mixed Vapor Phase Contaminants
from Soils and Groundwater.
Development of a Field Sensor Method for detecting
Perchlorate in Soil and Groundwater.
Evaluation of Dioxin-Like Emissions from Residential
Wood Combustion.
Human Exposure to Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
(MTBE) While Bathing with Contaminated Water.
Water Quality Effects of Dust Suppressants.
Applicability of New Marine Recreational Water
Quality Standards in Guam.
Assessment of Chronic Toxicity in California's
Ambient Waters.
Bioavailability of Mercury to Fish in the Presence
of Humic Substances in Clear Lake.
Development and Validation of a Year-round Acute
Toxicity Bioassay for Hawaiian Ocean Discharges
Using an Indigenous Fish Species.
Lab/Center^
NRMRL
NERL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
~Di vision -
LRPCD
MCEARD
APPCD
HEASD
ESD
^Year-Project
Initiated
1999
2001
2001
1998
2OOO
NERL ESD 1992
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
M-CED
M-CED
GED
1989
1995
1992
Development of a io-Day Amphipod Bioassay for
Hawaii to Evaluate Grandidierella Japonica and
Corophiuminsidiosum as Sediment Toxicity Test Species. NHEERL WED 1994
Development of a Water Quality and Systems
Analysis of a Packaging Drinking Water Treatment
Plant for Very Small Water Systems. NRMRL WSWRD 1991
Do Fecal Indicator Bacteria Multiply in the Soil
Environments of Hawaii?
Evaluation of Lower Truckee River Geomorphologic
Response to Disturbance.
NRMRL WSWRD
NERL
ESD
1995
1994
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Ofli( F Q( RFStARCh & DtVtloplVUNI
Applied ResEARch EFFORT
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 9 RARE PROGRAMS [continued!
Project Title
Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions, Pilot
Study: Still Water Basin in Western Nevada.
Improved Methods for Collection and Interpretation
of Data for Characterization at Hazardous Waste Sites.
Model Correlation of Pesticide Usage and Atmospheric
Residue for Assessing Risk and Minimizing Exposure.
Radon Prevention in New School Construction.
TIE Evaluation with the Mysid (Holmesimysis
costata) Test.
1 <-• '(-h «-U Ilk' AC A
Lab/Center
NERL
NERL
NERL
NRMRL
NHEERL
Division-
ESD
ESD
HEASD
APPCD
WED
"Year-Project
Initiated
1993
1992
1997
1993
1994
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Dollar Tests.
Vernal Pool Creation and Restoration in California.
NHEERL
NHEERL
! WED |
I WED |
! I
1994
1993
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offkt of RtstAitth &
Applied RESEARCH EFfoitT
(RARE) PROQRAIVI
REGION 10 RARE PROGRAMS
Project ,l itie
Development of Arsenic Speciation Techniques For
Edible Biota.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Air Quality Models Using
Advanced Methods with Specialized Observations of
Selected Ambient Species -Part II.
GIS Analysis to Characterize Wetland Patterns in
Support of Modeling Native Amphibian Populations.
Wetland Management and Lentic Amphibian
Communities: The Role of Landscape Context,
Hydrology and Exotic Species - Part 1.
Alaska North Slope Restoration Research Strategy Plan.
Blue Mountains Ecological Assessment (OR, WA, ID).
Columbia Basin Ecological Assessment (WA, OR, ID).
Effects of Sulfanylurea Herbicides on Fruit
Development in Cherries.
Evaluation of Benthic Invertebrate Metrics for
Region 10 Streams East of the Cascades.
Field Study of Ultra Violet Disinfection.
Freshwater Wetland Restoration and Creation Efforts:
Application to Successful Mitigation Banking.
Log Yard Wastes as a Soil Amendment for the
Revegetation Reclamation of Smelterville Flats in
the Silver Valley of Idaho.
Mapping Hydraulic Connection in Fractured Basalt
Aquifers: Establishing Ground and Surface Water
Links in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon.
Methods to Monitor Groundwater/Surface Water
Interaction in the Deschutes Basin, Oregon.
Performance Evaluation of WYND Valley 3.0.
Site Evaluation of Wetland Restoration Protocol in
Pacific Northwest Estuaries.
Lab/Center
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NHEERL
NRMRL
NERL
NERL
NERL
NHEERL
Division^
MCEARD
AMD
WED
WED
WED
WED
WED
WED
WED
TTSD
WED
LRPCD
ESD
ESD
AMD
WED
-Year-Project
Initiated
1997
2OO2
1998
1998
1991
1993
1992
1991
1994
1989
1993
1991
1994
1995
1989
1990
Status
Active
Active
Active
Active
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Offio of RtseAiidi & Dfvflopivtusi
Applied RESEARC^ EffoRT
(RARE) PROGRAM
REGION 10 RARE PROGRAMS [continued]
Project Title
Stream Habitat Restoration in a Large River Basin:
Prioritizing Rehabilitation Options Based on
Degree of Disturbance and Recovery Time.
Synoptic Approach to Wetland Designation.
Testing Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Protocols
for Use in Regional Assessments of Stream
Ecological Condition.
TIE Evaluation Procedures for Bivalve Mollusks.
Vadose Zone Monitoring by Immunoassay Analysis
for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pesticide Best
Management Practices.
Lab/Center
NERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NHEERL
NERL
Division
ERD
WED
WED
WED
ESD
Year-Project
Initiated
1996
1989
1991
1994
1992
.
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
-------
U.S. EPA: Office of launch & DIA*|O|)MIM
Mnihods PnoqRAivi
The Regional Methods (RM) Program works similarly
to EPA's RARE program in that it provides the Regions
with near-term research support on high-priority,
Region-specific science. But as RARE emphasizes the
research as a whole, RM focuses on developing the
methods necessary for the Regions to meet their
monitoring and enforcement objectives.
Each year, ORD designates approximately £700,000
to support RM. As part of the program, the Regional
Science & Technology Directors sponsor an annual
ranking of environmental measurement (method)
needs from across the 10 Regions. Regional and ORD
scientists jointly develop the individual research
projects to address those needs, helping to improve
the cooperation and understanding between the
two groups.
Following are ongoing RM projects:
RM Region 1
Developing Methods for Biological Indicators in
Transition Zones Between Aquatic Resources
(NHEERL-AED)
RM Region 2
Rapid Biosurvey/Bioassessment Methods for Large
Rivers (NERL-EERD)
Development of Whole Sediment Toxicity Identification
and Evaluation Methods (NHEERL-MED/AED)
RM Region 3
Exploring the Efficiency and Capability of HRMS,
LRMS, and ECD to Expanded Method 1668 or 8081
for PCBs and PBDE Congeners to Meet Regional
Regulatory and Policy Needs (NHEERL-AED)
Arsenic Speciation Methods (NERL-ESD)
Development of Quantitative Index of Excessive
Sedimentation (NHEERL-WED)
RM Region 4
Development of Analytical Methods for Alkylphenol
Ethoxylates (NERL-HEASD)
Improved Air Sampling (NERL-HEASD)
Development of a Predictive Model for Toxicity of
Metal Mixtures to Aquatic Fauna (NHEERL-MED)
RM Region 5
Development of Diagnostic Indicators of Stream
Impairment Due to Nutrients (NHEERL-MED)
RM Region 6
Methods for Assessing Changes in Organisms Exposed
to Contaminated Sediments (NERL-EERD)
Comparison of Sediment Elutriate Acute and Chronic
Toxicity Testing with Ceriodaphnia and Fathead
Minnows with Bulk Sediment Tests Using Hyalella
azteca and Chironomus tentans (NERL-EERD)
Refinement of the Bivalve (Mulinia lateralis) Sediment
Toxicity Test (NHEERL-GED)
RM Region 7
Indicators of Stream Stress Due to Fluctuations in
Dissolved Oxygen Levels (NHEERL-WED)
Air Holding Times (NERL-HEASD)
VOCs in Solid Matrices (NERL-ESD)
Evaluation of the Importance of Pyrolysis By-Products
on the Bioavailability of PAHs to Benthic Organisms
(NHEERL-AED)
RM Region 8
Methods Development for Detection of pptV
Concentrations of Selected VOCs (NERL-HEASD)
Pesticide Field Tests (NERL-ESD)
RM Region 9
No RM methods currently being utilized
RM Region 10
Re-evaluation of Applicability of Agency Sample
Holding Times (NERL-ESD)
Upgrade of ESP Model for Estimating PM, PMio, and
Control Performance (NRMRL-APPC)
-------
U.S. EPA: OHiMHM
SCJENCE Topic Wcmkshops
Each year, the EPA sponsors its Regional Science
Topic Workshop series. These educational seminars
are conducted to establish a better cross-Agency
understanding of the science applicable to specific
Region-selected human health and/or ecological
topics. They provide EPA scientrstr-with direct
access to a network of colleagues, which allows the
continuous exchange of information and ideas as the
Agency moves forward in research, risk management
and further education.
As part of the program, the Regions can select up to
three high-priority science issues for workshops every
year. These workshops address those science issues
of greatest importance to the Regions on the selected
topic area. Each workshop is planned and conducted
by a team of Regional, ORD, and other interested
EPA scientists, led by a Regional chairperson, and
facilitated by one or more RSLs. Participants maintain
the cross-Agency science networks they establish at
the workshops through planned post-workshop
projects and activities. These activities include the
identification of collaborative research opportunities,
creation of information-sharing mechanisms like
interactive Web sites, and development of science
fact sheets for Regional use.
During the past three years, workshops have been
held on asthma, communicating ORD science, the
Fully Integrated Environmental Location Decision
Support (FIELDS) system, nonindigenous species,
pesticides, endocrine disrupters, emerging
pathogens, aquatic life criteria, critical ecosystems
and air toxics. A cumulative risk workshop is
scheduled for November 4-8, iooi, in Dallas, TX.
-------
U.S. EPA: Olfict of KfscARch & DtvflopivifNi
SCIENCE Topic Workshops
1999 Regional Science Workshops
"Asthma: The Regional Science Issues"
June 15 -17,1999 in Washington, DC
75 attendees, including 22 from ORD and 27 from the Regions
"Communicating Science Info Fair"
October 17 - 28,1999 in Washington, DC
36 on-site/31 off-site attendees, including 19 from ORD and 42 from the Regions
"FIELDS 2000"-The Fully Integrated Environmental Location Decision Support
January 19 - 20, 2000 in Chicago
Approximately 150 attendees from EPA Regions, states, academia, and
environmental/engineering consultants; 5 from ORD
"Regional Nonindigenous Species (NIS) Workshops" (5)
September 22,1999 in Denver
October 20-21,1999 in Chicago
November 9-10,1999 in Tampa
December 14,1999 in San Francisco
June 6-7, 2000 in Ft/Meade, MD
35 - 75 attendees at each workshop from EPA Regions, other federal agencies, and states
2000 Regional Science Workshops
"National Nonindigenous Species Workshop"
June 12 -13, 2000 in Washington, DC
90 attendees, including 21 from ORD and 22 from the Regions
"Region/ORD Pesticides Workshop"
October 31 - November 2, 2000 in Chicago
116 attendees, including 33 from ORD and 73 from the Regions (21 via Placeware)
"Region/ORD Endocrine Disrupters Workshop"
May 1-3, 2001 in Atlanta
93 attendees, including 28 from ORD and 47 from the Regions (18 via Placeware)
2001 Regional Science Workshops
"Emerging Pathogens"
September 5-7, 2001 in Ft. Meade, MD
105 attendees, including about 40 from the Regions and 35 from ORD
"Aquatic Life and Piscivorous Wildlife Workshop"
December 4-7, 2001 in Seattle
95 attendees, including about 35 from the Regions and 25 from ORD
2002 Regional Science Workshops
"Critical Ecosystems"
June 17 - 20, 2002 at the Keystone Center, Co
72 attendees, including about 35 from the Regions and 18 from ORD
"Air Toxics Exposure Workshop"
June 25 - 27, 2002, in San Francisco
100 attendees, including about 50 from the Regions and 16 from ORD
"Cumulative Risk"
To be held November 4-8, 2002 in Dallas, TX
-------
U.S. EPA: Officf of Rt-sfARch &
ENVIRONMENTAL MoimomNq ANC!
ASSESSMENT PRoqRAM (R'EMAP)
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) is a multi-pronged research
approach to the development and utilization of
ecological monitoring as a necessary and critical
component of environmental management and
protection."The RegionahEMAP-program (R-EMAP)
takes it a step further as each of the Agency's
Regions and ORD works in partnership to evaluate
and build on the EMAP approach. It's used as a tool
for providing information on the condition of our
nation's environment in a manner directly applicable
to resource managers.
The goals pf R-EMAP are to:
• Assist in incorporating the latest science on
ecological monitoring into the Regional, state,
tribal and local decision-making process;
• Advance the science of ecological monitoring
as a tool for Regional, state and local problem
formulation in risk assessments; and,
• Measure the ecological results of risk
management option selection.
The R-EAAAP program has helped develop and
demonstrate important aspects of several new
approaches, including alternative ways to design and
analyze monitoring information. These alternatives
provide results that are statistically valid and can be
used to characterize environmental conditions at the
Regional scale with known levels of confidence.
Information from R-EMAP has also helped
several states respond to listing and delisting
requirements under Section 3O3(d) and reporting
under Section 305 (b) of the Clean Water Act.
More information about specific R-EMAP projects
can be obtained by accessing the EMAP Web site
(www.epa.gov/emap/remap).
Region-Specific Support, Includes:
Region 1 - Evaluating the condition of New England's
wadeable streams.
Region 2-Conducting-a New York/New Jersey
harbor study, Cohansey-Maurice Watershed
assessment, and an environmental assessment of
Barnegat Bay, NJ.
Region 3 - Determining a watershed-based design
frame for estimating the biotic integrity of West
Virginia streams.
Region 4- Conducting an assessment of the
Everglades ecosystem and evaluating the condition
of southeastern wadeable streams.
Region 5 - Conducting an ecological assessment of
invasive and aggressive plant species in the coastal
wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Region 7 - Conducting a probabilistic survey of Iowa
stream resources and evaluating probability-based
monitoring design within Missouri's statewide
resource assessment and monitoring program.
Regions 8, 9 and 10 - Developing reference
conditions and use of intensification sites in the
EMAP Western Pilot Design.
-------
U.S. EPA: OHiu of
h & Dwlo|»M(i\i
SJTE SuppORT
ONE
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Super-fund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in~some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 1 Superfund Support:
Groundwater/Vadose Zone Sampling for VOCs
(Raymark Site, Stratford, CD - ORD and Region 1 are
working together to evaluate the migration pathways
and upward movement of organic vapors from the
groundwater through the vadose zone, and ultimately,
into the basements of adjacent homes. The initial
phase included technical and advisory support
primarily around activities at the Raymark Site. The
contractor-proposed work plan was reviewed along
with the final report for design and installation of
mitigation systems to reduce VOC contaminants
in affected buildings. Work is now under way to
evaluate and design mitigation systems for four
more houses. At a less urgent pace, 80 additional
houses in the same development are being evaluated
for potential indoor air contamination resulting from
the contaminated groundwater. These results will be
used to correlate with other data (i.e., air, soil gas)
to better assess predictive transport models.
Additionally, the ORD Ground Water Technical
Support Center is developing a protocol for sub-slab
testing to support assessment and mitigation of
vapor intrusion. This protocol incorporates vapor
sampling and air permeability testing. (NRMRL)
Hexachloroxanthene Consultation fCenterdale
Superfund Site. North Providence. RH-This site is
contaminated with TCDD and high levels of a hexa-
chloroxanthene. Hexachloroxanthene is "dioxin-like"
in structure. Bioaccumulation and toxicity testing
were completed with ORD's technical guidance. This
process was used to determine if hexachloroxanthene
should be of concern in the remediation of the site.
(NHEERL)
PCB DermalAbsorption Evaluation CHousatonic
River Superfund Site, Pittsfield. MA) - Since summer
of 2.001, ORD has been helping evaluate the dermal
absorption of PCBs from contaminated sediments. This
has included the review of a primate study contracted
by GE. ORD, GE and Regional representatives met
in November to discuss the study and follow-up
experiments. (NCEA)
Contaminated Sediment Modeling - ORD has provided
contaminated sediment modeling in support of the
Housatonic-River site clean-up efforts. This includes
advising the RPM and appropriate modeling contractors
on: 1.) significant sediment transport mechanisms
that affect the transport of sorbed PCBs, e.g.,
bedload transport, settling; i.) model grid needed to
simulate both in-bank and out-of-bank events for
evaluation of proposed remedial alternatives; and
3.) model development needed to simulate the
significant physico-chemical processes affecting PCB
transport. (NERL)
MNA Assessment Potential for Arsenic CWoburn
Site. Woburn, MA~) -The recently completed project
supported the Industriplex Superfund Site cleanup.
It focused on assessing the monitored natural
attenuation (MNA) potential for arsenic for the past
three years. New scientific information was learned
during the study regarding associations of arsenic
with different iron minerals as well as improved
methods to characterize sites for MNA for arsenic.
Successful completion of this project will directly
assist the Region in determining what actions are
required to clean up the site. Several publications
are anticipated from this effort. (NRMRL)
Risk-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for PAH
Mixtures - At a Region 1 Superfund site, sediments
were contaminated with a complex mixture of
PAHs. ORD applied newly developed methods on
assessing the risk of PAH mixtures in sediments. This
work will aid the Region in developing risk-based
numerical guidelines for use in the site ecological
risk assessment. (NHEERL)
Chlorinated Solvents/Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Recovery (Lorinq AFB) - A field scale demonstration
of steam injection into fractured bedrock for the
-------
U.S. EPA: Office ol
& UevElopMENi
SJTE SuppORT
recovery of chlorinated solvents and petroleum
hydrocarbons is being conducted by the Maine
Department of Environmental Protection, EPA
Region 1, EPA ORD (SITE program), and the Loring
AFB Conversion Agency. This project has included
extensive characterization of the fractured bedrock
system in preparation for the steam injection that
will begin mid-August, 2002. The steam injection is
expected to recover a significant amount of the
contaminant mass residing in the fracture network.
(NRMRL/NERL)
Identification of Sediment Toxicants - Sediments
were known to be toxic at one Region Superfund
site, but the specific causes were undetermined.
The toxicity was correlated with concentrations of
several chemicals. By applying newly developed
identification methods, it was determined that
dieldrin caused the toxicity to midge larva. This
enabled the Region to design remedial action goals
focused specifically on those chemicals responsible
for toxicity. (NHEERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Centers - The Center
for Hazardous Substances in Urban Environments
was established to address contaminants and sources
that are known to be prevalent in urban environments.
Focusing on the upper mid-Atlantic to the Northeast,
the mission of this Center is twofold: 1.) to promote
a better understanding of physical, chemical and
biological processes for detecting, assessing and
managing risks associated with the use and disposal
of hazardous substances in urban environments; and,
2.) to disseminate the results of the Center's research
and provide technical expertise to various stakeholders
including community groups, municipal officials, EPA,
state and local regulators, and industry. Research
will focus on emissions of mercury, other toxic
metals and organic compounds from incinerators,
landfills and Brownfields sites; chromium, arsenic,
nickel, zinc and cadmium in waters and soils; and
hydrophobic organic compounds in waters, soils and
sediments. The Center's outreach components will
foster partnering with stakeholders to encourage
two-way flow of information regarding urban
environmental issues and decisions concerning risk
assessment and management. Examples include a
community advisory board, Regional workshops, high
school internships and an interactive multimedia
CD-ROM, environmental assessment of Brownfields
sites in Baltimore, and the maintenance of a
professionally designed Web site to foster Internet
sharing-of-activities and results. (NCER)
Soil Venting Assessment (Picillo Farm Site, Coventry.
Rl) -The ORD Ground Water Technical Support
Center is assessing the long-term effectiveness of a
soil venting system. The Picillo Farm soil venting
system is probably the most carefully scrutinized
and monitored venting system in the United States.
(NRMRL)
Operational and Long-Term Monitoring fNew Bedford
Harbor Superfund Site') - During the last 15 years, ORD,
in conjunction with EPA Region 1 and others, has
developed and participated in multiple operational
and long-term monitoring programs at this site.
Collectively, these monitoring and associated
research activities included, deployment of mussels,
subsequent chemical analysis of those mussels in and
around New Bedford Harbor (PCB bioaccumulation),
and a historical assessment of New Bedford Harbor.
This research has provided the Region with state-of-
the-art techniques to most effectively and safely
manage this £350 million remediation. (NHEERL)
Modeling Effort Reviews CDover Landfill Site. Dover,
NH) - Currently ORD's Ground Water Technical
Support Center is reviewing and commenting on
ongoing modeling efforts at the site. Future research
related to evaluating groundwater/surface water
relationships is planned. This will involve the
installation of temporary small diameter piezometers
to evaluate hydraulic head variations with depth in
the vicinity of a wetlands area and seeps associated
with the Cocheco River. (NRMRL)
Biofilter Phvtobed Assistance (Resolve Site. North
Dartmouth, MA") -This project includes technical
support on the biofilter phytobed (BFPB). The BFPB
is an innovative technology that involves pumping
and treating of groundwater containing chlorinated
compounds into an at-grade phytoremediation
treatment cell. The cell is specifically designed for
-------
U.S. EPA: Offio of KtstARcd & Dfv/flopMH\!
SITE SuppoRT
anaerobic and aerobic treatment. Pilot-scale
construction is underway. (NRMRL)
Natural Attenuation Evaluation CCamp Edwards/Otis
Air Force Base. Cape Cod. MA") -The Regional RPM
requested ORD'provide-assistance in evaluating the
feasibility of implementing natural attenuation.
It is being reviewed as the remedial remedy for
groundwater contamination at this site. (NERL)
Elizabeth and Ely Mines - Engineering Technical
Support Center staff has worked with the RPM, the
State, the Army Corps of Engineers and several
other groups on various remedial alternatives for
these sites. A team of outside experts in anaerobic
and aerobic treatment systems reviewed the sites for
two days, discussing the pros and cons of semi-passive
remediation with the core team. This expertise helps
the team decide which alternative may be the most
feasible, and what steps are necessary over the next
two years to implement them. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative remediation
technologies. This information is passed along to
developers, remediation site managers and regulators.
It fosters the development of lower cost characterization
and monitoring technologies and remediation
technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface
water and groundwater. The current list of Regional
needs for characterization and monitoring includes
biosensors for chlorinated solvents, geophysical
techniques for the non-invasive determination of dense
non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface,
technologies to determine water quality parameters
such as dissolved oxygen, ecological sampling
devices, and field toxicity tests. A reassessment of
EPA Regional needs is planned in FYO3 and selected
technologies/needs will be given high priority in the
selection of future SITE demonstrations. Current
priorities for remediation technologies, which are
revised annually by a broad stakeholder group, focus
on sites that have contaminated sediments, DNAPLs,
acid mine drainage, manufactured gas plants and
pesticides sites. Priority contaminants include
chlorinated solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For
Region 1, the FYoi SITE Program is either currently
conducting or completing field demonstrations at
three sites. All three technologies, in three different
states, are designed to treat chlorinated solvents
in-situ. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated
Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children
and to the Combustion Technical Assistance Center.
(NCEA)
Other Region 1 Superfund Support:
. Reviewed a groundwater closure plan for Union
Chemical site in South Hope, ME. (NERL)
« Reviewed aquifer models that are and/or will be
used to determine appropriate remedial approaches
for the Savage Well Municipal Water Supply in
Milford, NH. (NERL)
« Conducting measurements of toxic emissions from
a New Hampshire landfill used by children as a
soccer field. (NRMRL)
• On-site testing and evaluation to determine air
pathways of potential pollutants at old Superfund
sites. (NRMRL)
• Support for cleanup of Solvent Recovery Services,
Silresim and Brownfields sites. (NRMRL)
• Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
-------
U.S. LHA: OilKf Ot KtStARCH & LU-VElOp'lHFm
SupERFuNd SITE SuppoRT
ReqioN Two
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 2 Superfund Support:
World Trade Center Assistance -The events of
September 11,1001, had a significant impact on
Region 2 as concerns arose surrounding air pollution
and health effects. Activities included monitoring,
conducting a study on the toxicological effects of
fine Particulate Matter, modeling of the fire and
debris plume, and evaluation of the resulting
environmental pollution.
Following are more detailed overviews:
• Sampling was conducted of the dust and air at
various locations surrounding the WTC disaster
site. Dust samples were analyzed for particle
constituents. Air samples were analyzed for
semi-volatiles, volatiles, dioxins and furans. These
analyses examined the potential effects of the fire
and debris plume. (NERL)
« A study was conducted using laboratory mice to
determine how exposure to the contaminants
measured and collected in lower Manhattan may
cause adverse health effects. (NHEERL)
« The plume of dust and burning debris from the
WTC was reconstructed to model, and possibly
predict, the levels of contaminants that were
present in the air immediately following the
towers collapse. Monitoring and meteorological
data will be used to estimate exposures, (all ORD
laboratories with academic institutions)
. Currently ORD is in the process of evaluating
environmental pollution from the WTC disaster
through a draft and final report. These reports
will discuss the monitoring results, uncertainties
associated with the data, and possible data gaps in
an attempt to begin to characterize the possible
health concerns of potentially exposed individuals.
A more extensive evaluation of additional data will
be included in a report projected to be available
late spring 2003. (NCEA)
Other WTC support, includes:
. Preparing fact sheets on PM Health Effects of
Lower Manhattan and NYC area for posting on
EPA public Web site.
• Determining siting of air pollution monitors in
Lower Manhattan to augment data collection for
risk evaluation of air emissions from Ground Zero.
. Providing advice on health benchmarks used as
criteria for evaluating potential hazardous exposures
to air pollutants in lower Manhattan area.
• Providing preliminary evaluation of then available
air pollution monitoring data to ascertain if air
pollution values for particulate matter, its
sub-constituents (e.g., lead, other metals, dioxin,
etc.), or other volatile organic compounds exceeded
(a) typical background levels for NYC/other urban
areas; or, (b) health benchmark values indicative of
increased health risk for chronic exposure effects.
Treatment at Active Manufacturing Building (Olean
Site) - ORD is working with Region 2 to determine the
optimal treatment technique for a dense nonaqueous
phase liquid (DNAPL) source located under an active
manufacturing building at the Olean Site, south of
Buffalo, NY. This project led to a DNAPL Recovery
under an active manufacturing building in Region 9.
ORD has actively worked on the Olean site for nine
years. (NRMRL)
Long Island Aquifer Gasoline Component Fate and
Transport Evaluation -This project provides
information on contaminant behavior and for the
development of field data evaluation approaches.
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This information is also used by the state to develop
improved site assessment approaches. Some results
have been encapsulated into the online calculators at
http://www.epa.gov/athens/onsite. These calculators
have been used in many states, EPA Regions and the
private sector. The ultimate product is software
"Tools for Analysis of Contaminated Sites (TAGS)"
that evaluates data using a coordinated data
management system and suite of models. (NERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Centers - The Center
for Hazardous Substances in Urban Environments
was established to address contaminants and sources
that are known to be prevalent in urban environments.
Focusing on the upper mid-Atlantic to the Northeast,
the mission of this Center is twofold: 1.) to promote
a better understanding of physical, chemical and
biological processes for detecting, assessing and
managing risks associated with the use and disposal
of hazardous substances in urban environments; and,
i.) to disseminate the results of the Center's research
and provide technical expertise to various stakeholders
including community groups, municipal officials,
EPA, state and local regulators, and industry.
Research will focus on emissions of mercury, other
toxic metals, and organic compounds from incinerators,
landfills and Brownfields sites; chromium, arsenic,
nickel, zinc and cadmium in waters and soils; and
hydrophobic organic compounds in waters, soils and
sediments. The Center's outreach components will
foster partnering with stakeholders to encourage
two-way flow of information regarding urban
environmental issues and decisions concerning risk
assessment and management. Examples include a
community advisory board, Regional workshops,
high school internships, and an interactive multimedia
CD-ROM, environmental assessment of Brownfields
sites in Baltimore, and the maintenance of a
professionally designed Web site to foster Internet
sharing of activities and results. (NCER)
Injection-Extraction Soil Venting ^Solvent Savers
Site') - ORD has actively worked on this site for six
years, assisting Region 2. in assessing the performance
of an injection-extraction soil venting project. A 3-D
interpolation was used to distinguish reduction, rather
than homogenization, for the injection-extraction
nature of the system. (NRMRL)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information about
innovative and alternative environmental monitoring,
measurement and characterization technologies, and
innovative and alternative remediation technoJogies.
This information is passed along to developers,
remediation site managers and regulators. It fosters
the development of lower cost characterization and
monitoring technologies and remediation technologies
for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface water and
groundwater. The current list of Regional needs for
characterization and monitoring includes biosensors
for chlorinated solvents, geophysical techniques for
the non-invasive determination of dense non-aqueous
phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies
to determine water quality parameters such as
dissolved oxygen, ecological sampling devices and field
toxicity tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional needs
is planned in FYos and selected technologies/needs
will be given high priority in the selection of future
SITE demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a
broad stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 2,
the SITE Program completed a GIS technology
demonstration in FYO2. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
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SupERfuNd SITE SuppoRT
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 2 Superfund Support:
• Ongoing phytotechnology work on Kin-buc Landfill
SF site in Edison, NJ (NRMRL)
• Reviewed a remedial design work plan for a
contaminated bedrock bioremediation system at
Caldwell Trucking in Fairfield Township, NJ. (NERL)
• Computed the EPC Risk Term at Cornell Dubilier
Electronics in South Plainfield, NJ. (NERL)
• Reviewed a suggested Creel/Angler survey at
Diamond Alkali in Newark, NJ. (NERL)
• Evaluated the geostatistical approaches used by
the PRPs at Hillards Creek/Sherwin Williams in
Gibbsboro, NJ.(NERL)
• Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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ReqioN T^REE
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 3 Superfund Support:
Landfill Gas Extraction ("Keystone, PA & Pittsburgh.
PA") - ORD is supervising an enhanced landfill
gas-extraction removal system from a former landfill
north of Baltimore, MD. It has actively worked on
this site for four years. This year, ORD has also
begun assisting with the design and construction of
an enhanced landfill gas recovery system at the
Bettis RCRA Site near Pittsburgh. (NRMRL)
PCB Conversion Proposal Review- Currently a
proposal is under review that calls for converting
PCB-contaminated material into feedstock at the
Eastern Diversified Metals Superfund Site. Preliminary
analysis suggests the polymeric reactions required to
destroy or encapsulate the PCBs are not possible.
(NCEA/OSP)
Dioxin Investigation CMetachem Industries/Standard
Chlorine of Delawarel - ORD is currently planning to
develop a sampling plan for investigating dioxin in
soils and sediments at Metachem Industries/Standard
Chlorine of Delaware. (NERL/OSP)
Bioventinq Studies fNew Castle, DE~) - For the past
six years, ORD has studied the bioventing system at
the Delaware Sand & Gravel Site, near New Castle,
DE. A 3-D interpolation was used to distinguish
reduction, rather than homogenization, for the
injection-extraction nature of the system. (NRMRL)
Monitoring Study Development- ORD has consulted
with the Region about developing monitoring stud-
ies for the Occidental Chemical Site. The studies
would determine whether a fire at the site may have
led to the formation of dioxin. (NCEA/OSP)
Evaluating Post-Remedial Action Monitoring Data -
At a Region 3 Superfund site, groundwater pump-
and-treat was selected as part of the remedy. The
effectiveness of the groundwater treatments was
monitored through the use of whole effluent toxicity
testing. When unacceptable levels of toxicity were
detected, studies were required to identify and
correct the cause of toxicity. ORD provided input to
the Region on the studies'technical appropriateness
and validity. (NHEERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Great
Lakes, Mid-Atlantic and Great Plains Hazardous
Substance Research Center for Integrated Remediation
Using Managed Natural Systems was established to
support collaborative research and technology
transfer efforts within EPA Regions 3, 5 and 7. The
Center will focus on integrated, low-cost remediation
technologies that improve risk management by
removing contaminants from the environment and
restoring ecosystem quality, thereby enhancing site
redevelopment options. This mission will be accom-
plished through an extensive university/EPA/industry
partnership involving a multidisciplinary research
program. Comprehensive technology transfer and
outreach programs will integrate new knowledge and
technology for use by industries, communities and
government. The Center also has a strong commitment
to diversity issues and will provide opportunities for
minority students and faculty from three minority
institutions to become involved in research, outreach
and technology transfer programs. (NCER)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information about
innovative and alternative environmental monitoring,
measurement and characterization technologies and
innovative and alternative remediation technologies.
This information is passed along to developers,
remediation site managers and regulators. It fosters
the development of lower cost characterization and
monitoring technologies and remediation technologies
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SITE SuppoRT
for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface water and
groundwater. The current list of Regional needs for
characterization and monitoring includes biosensors
for chlorinated solvents, geophysical techniques for
the non-invasive determination of dense non-aqueous
phase liquids (DNAPLs) In the subsurface, technologies to
determine water quality parameters such as dissolved
oxygen, ecological sampling devices and field toxicity
tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional needs Is
planned in FYO3 and selected technologies/needs will
be given high priority in the selection of future SITE
demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a
broad stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 3,
the SITE Program completed initial sampling and
evaluation of an innovative capping technology at
Dover AFB. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment l<.ite and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwatei
advective flow under and through a cap, compresslvo
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scout
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup ~ ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 3 Superfund Support:
- Extensive technical assistance on Welsh Rd. landfill
to determine technical feasibility of ri cover on
Superfund site. (NRMRL)
• Developing approach to incorporate bloavailaMIIfy
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment per
formancc. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting (ield evaluations at appro
priate sites, and developing design, operation and
monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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ReqioN FOUR
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Super-fund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Super-fund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 4 Superfund Support:
Toxaphene Aging Research - Based on Region 4
interest in the risk associated with the aging of
toxaphene at a specific site, a research project was
initiated to assess whether aging changes the
genotoxicity characteristics of commercial technical
toxaphene (CTT) in soils. Based on initial findings
that toxaphene was bioavailable to the organisms
present in the soil and resulted in the degradation of
toxaphene, it was decided to initiate a second phase.
The follow-up phase involves the identification of
the biodegradation products (anaerobic/aerobic
conditions) of CTT in soil under laboratory conditions.
These results will be^contrasted with those isolated
from fish found at the site of sediment contamination
in Region 4 using GC-MS. Subsequently, the toxicity
associated with these biodegradation products will
be assessed in terms of mutagenicity using the Ames
Salmonella test. (NCEA)
PCB Effect Consultation rAnniston. AD - At the
Solutia Superfund Site, ORD is consulting on the
effects of PCBs. Namely, its expertise is in offering
guidance on the PCB ecological effects endpoints for
setting remediation plans. (NHEERL)
Source Testing (Tampa, FL) - An oil-fired boiler, a
coal-fired boiler and a municipal incinerator will be
tested to determine emissions. This testing will
also support the State of Florida and Region 4 by
assisting in the development of receptor modeling
source signatures. (NRMRL)
Remediation Technology Testing CDistler Brickyard
Site) - At this Superfund Site, ORD tested an
innovative remediation technology called the
chitin-fracing technology. The new innovation
involved the creation of highly permeable sand -
and electron donor (chitin)-filled fractures in the
subsurface to increase the permeability of the
formation and provide an electron donor for
anaerobic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated
solvents. Based on the positive and encouraging
results obtained from the Phase I test, a Phase II
proposal was prepared that would provide up to
2sooK to the Site over a period of approximately
two years. It is expected that the Phase li work
would represent the majority of the implementation
of the final groundwater remedy. (NERL)
Columbia Nitrogen Superfund Site ('Charleston, SO -
Installation will soon begin of a pilot scale iron-compost
permeable reactive barrier. This will help evaluate
treatment of impacted groundwater prior to its
discharge into the tidal marsh. (NRMRL)
Macallov Corporation Superfund Site ("Charleston, SO -
ORD is currently exploring the use of a reductant it
has developed to treat hexavalent chromium source
areas and dissolved phase groundwater plumes at the
site. To date, two pilot studies have been completed.
Additionally, ORD is reporting and interpreting the
results from chemical analysis and toxicity testing of
sediments from Shipyard Creek. (NHEERL/NRMRL)
Tower Chemical - Working with Region 4 staff, ORD
reviewed and commented on two groundwater
treatment proposals for Florida's Tower Chemical site
that were the subject of a congressional inquiry. Much
of the groundwater contamination is unidentified, so
the potential risk assessment options were reviewed.
On-site toxicity testing of the complex mixture was
recommended as well as QSAR for estimating possible
toxicity of chemicals related to those already identified.
Based on this information, predictions were made for
zo different toxic endpoints (cancer/non-cancer) and
for log P using the TOPKAT/QSAR model. Many of
these endpoints (cancer, mutagenicity, developmental
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effects, etc.) are qualitative in nature and based on
probability, while many of the other endpoints are
quantitative in nature (e.g. LDso, LOAEL). Such
predictions should ultimately help in the
prioritization of chemicals present in site wells,
especially those not found in the IRIS database.
(NRMRL/NCEA/OSP)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The objective
of the South and Southwest Hazardous Substance
Research Center is to provide basic and applied
research, technology transfer and community outreach
that addresses hazardous substance problems, especially
the engineering management of contaminated
sediments and other problems of special interest, to
communities within EPA Regions 4 and 6. Due to past
and present toxic releases, these regions face serious
hazardous substance problems and also contain a
significant fraction of the wetlands and inland
waters found in the United States. The research
themes of the Center include: addressing the
physical, chemical and biological availability of
contaminants in sediments, evaluating and enhancing
biotransformation processes in sediments, and
improving the science of risk management for
contaminated sediments. The main objective of the
research will be to improve the effectiveness of
remedial approaches by seeking to understand and
minimize contaminant release and exposure. The
research projects will evaluate the bioavailablity of
desorption-resistant contaminants, develop improved
approaches for in-situ containment and treatment,
assess contaminant losses during removal and episodic
storm events, and evaluate phyto-remediation for
wetlands and confined disposal facilities. The research
program will be complemented by a technology
transfer and outreach effort focused nationally on
contaminated sediments and their management,
but regionally with respect to the broad range of
hazardous substance issues that impact communities
in the South and Southwest. Outreach efforts
will focus on providing technical assistance to
environmentally troubled communities in the Region
to enable them to better understand and participate
in decisions being made about their hazardous
substance problems. (NCER)
Landfill Bioreactor Field-Testing -An operating
landfill in Louisville, KY, is the initial site in a
multi-year cooperative research project where
landfill bioreactors will be field-tested. Building on
previous ORD research, this project will allow direct
observation of twoTnethotfs~of bioreartor systems.
The first is a retrofitted anaerobic system using
nitrified leachate injection. The second method
utilizes a sequential approach where the waste is
first degraded in a brief aerobic stage followed by
anaerobic conditions. (NRMRL)
Regional Environmental Forensics - ORD's Ion
Composition Elucidation (ICE), a high-resolution
mass spectrometry technique has helped identify
sources of pollution in several Regions. ICE can
determine the chemical formula for compounds not in
mass spectrometric databases. Recently, it identified a
family of compounds in water from Superfund site
monitoring wells near Lake Apopka, FL, for Region 4.
Some compounds were probably formed by bacteria,
while other compounds contained chlorine atoms
resulting from pesticide manufacturing (ongoing
research). In previous work for Region 2., ICE led to
identification of byproducts of a polymerization
process that leached from a Superfund site. The
byproducts seeped into a municipal well servicing
50,000 people near Toms River, NJ, where an
increased incidence of childhood cancer had been
observed. (NERL)
Brunswick Wood Preserving Site - Continuous
intensive expert technical support was provided
during the development of an innovative proposed
remedy and ROD. The remedy includes use of
solidification and stabilization. This creates a cap
combined with two calcium-based clay slurry walls
to contain the source areas. Also, in situ chemical
oxidation is being used to treat a pentachlorophenol
plume. (NRMRL)
Camilla Wood Treating Site - In FYos, ORD is
planning a joint effort with the Region to conduct
field characterization activities to evaluate and
ultimately select a remedy. ORD will be providing
expert technical support and equipment in a timely
manner to expedite and save costs. (NRMRL)
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Warren County Landfill - ORD is participating with
Region 4 and North Carolina in the detoxification
of the PCB-contaminated soil disposed of in the
Warren County Landfill. Using the Base Catalyzed
Decomposition (BCD) process, the state has elected
to dig up and treat approximately 40,000 cubic
yards of soil from its TOSCA-approved landfill. ORD
generated the work plan, the health and safety plan
and the QAPP for this project. It is also providing the
stack and air sampling and analysis for the TOSCA
certification of the BCD process, and will continue to
provide technical oversight of this final remediation
project. (NRMRL)
Alternative Cover Assessment Project CACAP') -
ORD's multi-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project (ACAP) has locations in Regions
4/5,7,8,9,10. This work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations- One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative
remediation technologies. This information is passed
along to developers, remediation site managers and
regulators. It fosters the development of lower cost
characterization and monitoring technologies and
remediation technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment,
surface water and groundwater. The current list of
Regional needs for characterization and monitoring
includes biosensors for chlorinated solvents,
geophysical techniques for the non-invasive
determination of dense non-aqueous phase liquids
(DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies to determine
water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen,
ecological sampling devices, and field toxicity tests.
A reassessment of EPA Regional needs is planned in
FYo3 and selected technologies/needs will be
given high priority in the selection of future SITE
demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a broad
stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 4, the
SITE Program completed the demonstration of three
different in-situ DNAPL treatment technologies at
the NASA Cape Canaveral site, Launch Complex 34.
Two additional in-situ ONAPLtreatrrrent-technologies
were initiated during FYoi. The SITE Monitoring and
Measurement Technology Program is planning a
demonstration of characterization and monitoring
techniques at the DOE Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. (NERLand NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour and
displacement. One potential Region 4 demonstration
site is Lake Hartwell, a s6,ooo-acre reservoir at the
headwaters of the Savannah River. The Sangamo
Weston Superfund site is located on Twelve Mile
Creek, a tributary on the Seneca River branch of
Hartwell. Application of the refined modeling
framework would: 1.) be an excellent test of the
upgraded models' abilities to simulate the long-term
(1-10 years) transport of contaminated sediments in
a reservoir, and 2.) enable a performance evaluation
by the upgraded models of remediation methods
proposed for the PCB contamination in Lake
Hartwell. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
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Other Region 4 Superfund Support:
• Providing consultation for the Weyerhauser
Superfund Site. (NHEERL)
• Reviewed papers and provided technical guidance
on selection of study for TCDD TRV. (NHEERL)
• Investigated pressure response and chlorinated
compound destruction from the field pilot, and
now field scale, C-Sparge ozonization process at
the Rochester Site near Greenville, SC. (NRMRL)
• Providing assistance for the Sangamo Weston/Lake
Hartwell Superfund site. (NRMRL)
• Determining air pathways of potential pollutants
at old Superfund sites. One site is in Ohio, and the
evaluation will be similar to those being done in
Region 1 (NRMRL)
• Established ACAP test plot on a federal facility in
Albany, GA. (NRMRL)
« Conducting a three-year project to determine
comparative effectiveness of landfill covers. (NRMRL)
> Conducted training in Chattanooga for Regional,
State and local staffs on Phytoremediation.
(NRMRL)
Providing ongoing~tecnnrcal^ssistaTree-on two sites
in Charleston, SC. (NRMRL)
Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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RECKON Five
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 5 Superfund Support:
Velsicol/Michiqan Chemical Superfund Site (St. Louis,
Ml)-ORD is providing technical assistance in
evaluating the integrity of the physical containment
system (slurry wall) at the site. Portions of the site
have been instrumented with pressure transducers
to characterize hydraulic head responses within
the containment system to external stimuli
(e.g., dewatering of adjacent source removal cells
in the Pine River). (NRMRL)
Technical Support for Development of Groundwater
Remediation Targets - At a Region 5 industrial site,
groundwater was contaminated by a variety of
organic compounds associated with a coking facility.
This groundwater was flowing toward a nearby
river and upwelling through the sediments. Newly
developed methods on assessing the risk of complex
mixtures were applied to help the Region and
industry develop remedial action goals that would
protect the sediments from becoming unacceptably
contaminated. (NHEERL)
Chemical and Biological Treatment (East Chicago,
IN) - Currently an investigation is underway on the
treatability of the highly contaminated Indiana
Harbor Canal. A combination of chemical and
biological treatment would be used to destroy the
high levels of weathered crude and refined oil
contaminating the harbor. The study is a cooperative
agreement with Fisheries and Oceans-Canada and its
subcontractor, Washington University, St. Louis.
A QA plan has been written and endorsed and
preliminary experiments on reactions of peroxide
and contaminants, along with Microtox toxicity
assays, have begun. (NRMRL)
Development of Risk-Based Sediment Quality
Guidelines for Complex Mixtures - At a Region 5
Superfund site, sediments were contaminated with a
complex mixture of chlorobenzenes, PAHs and other
organic compounds. Newly developed methods on
assessing the risk of complex mixtures in sediments
were applied to aid the Region in developing
risk-based numerical guidelines for use in the site
ecological risk assessment. (NHEERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Great
Lakes, Mid-Atlantic and Great Plains Hazardous
Substance Research Center for Integrated
Remediation Using Managed Natural Systems was
established to support collaborative research and
technology transfer efforts within EPA Regions 3, 5
and 7, The Center will focus on integrated, low-cost
remediation technologies that improve risk management
by removing contaminants from the environment and
restoring ecosystem quality, thereby enhancing site
redevelopment options. This mission will be accomplished
through an extensive university/EPA/industry
partnership involving a multidisciplinary research
program. Comprehensive technology transfer and
outreach programs will integrate new knowledge
and technology for use by industries, communities
and government. The Center also has a strong
commitment to diversity issues and will provide
opportunities for minority students and faculty
from three minority institutions to become involved
in research, outreach and technology transfer
programs. (NCER)
Lower Fox River/Green Bay Mass Balance Study-The
U.S. EPA and ORD were charged with the facilitation
and implementation of the mathematical modeling
goals for predictive forecasts. Thus they were
influential in all aspects of the io-year study to satisfy
the needs of the modeling construct. Superfund
required extensive documentation on the objectives,
planning process, partners, committee structure and
members, meetings, field design, field sampling,
laboratory analyses, laboratory quality assurance,
database design and population, database quality
assurance, mathematical modeling construct and
scenarios, model forecasts and quality assurance,
reports, publications, technical presentations, and
public meetings. Documentation was provided,
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U.S. EPA: OtMo of KtstARCh &
SITE SuppORT
which summarized all aspects of the study, providing
EPA's scientific basis for settlement and the
announcement of sediment remediation for PCBs in
the lower Fox River/Green Bay complex. (NHEERL)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
Alternative Cover Assessment Project CACAP") -
ORD's multi-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project (ACAP) has locations in Regions
4, S, 7, 8, 9,10. This work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative remediation
technologies. This information is passed along to
developers, remediation site managers and regulators.
It fosters the development of lower cost characterization
and monitoring technologies and remediation
technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface
water and groundwater. The current list of Regional
needs for characterization and monitoring includes
biosensors for chlorinated solvents, geophysical
techniques for the non-invasive determination of
dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the
subsurface, technologies to determine water quality
parameters such as dissolved oxygen, ecological
sampling devices, and field toxicity tests. A reassessment
of EPA Regional needs is planned in FYos and selected
technologies/needs will be given high priority in the
selection of future SITE demonstrations. Current
priorities for remediation technologies, which are
revised annually by a broad stakeholder group, focus
on sites that have contaminated sediments, DNAPLs,
acid mine drainage, manufactured gas plants and
pesticides sites. Priority contaminants include
chlorinated solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For
Region 5, the SITE Program is conducting four field
demonstrations. Three technologies are for sediment
treatment and one technology is a phytoremediation
technique for metals treatment. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 5 Super-fund Support:
• Initiating collaboration with Region 5 to develop
a PCB profile in sediments and soil for Super-fund
sites. (NCEA)
• Advised on use of non-native plants in Superfund
mitigation. (NHEERL)
• Working with Region to develop risk management
options for underground storage tank sites
contaminated with oxygenates. (NRMRL)
• Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: Office of
SupERFuNd SITE SuppoRT
Six
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 6 Superfund Support:
Process Identification - ORD will identify the
processes that control natural attenuation at CAM
Solvent Spill Sites. This work will consist of site char-
acterization studies at TCE plume locations at Galena
AFB, Alaska, and Tinker AFB, Oklahoma. The studies
will help determine the specific site conditions that
will allow complete natural biological degradation
of chlorinated solvents to ethene and those
conditions that do not permit any, or only partial,
dechlorination to dichlorothene. The presence of
Dehalococcoides bacteria will also be determined
at each site. (NRMRL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The objective
of the South and Southwest Hazardous Substance
Research Center is to provide basic and applied
research, technology transfer and community outreach
that addresses hazardous substance problems, especially
the engineering management of contaminated
sediments and other problems of special interest to
communities within EPA Regions 4 and 6. Due to
past and present toxic releases, these Regions face
serious hazardous substance problems and also
contain a significant fraction of the wetlands and
inland waters found in the United States. The
research themes of the Center include: addressing
the physical, chemical and biological availability
of contaminants in sediments, evaluating and
enhancing biotransformation processes in sediments,
and improving the science of risk management for
contaminated sediments. The main objective of the
research will be to improve the effectiveness of
remedial approaches by seeking to understand and
minimize contaminant release and exposure. The
research projects will evaluate the bioavailablity of
desorption-resistant contaminants, develop improved
approaches for in-situ containment and treatment,
assess contaminant losses during removal and episodic
storm events, and evaluate phyto-remediation for
wetlands and confined disposal facilities. The
research program will be-rarrrplemented by a
technology transfer and outreach effort focused
nationally on contaminated sediments and their
management, but Regionally with respect to the
broad range of hazardous substance issues that
impact communities in the South and Southwest.
Outreach efforts will focus on providing technical
assistance to environmentally troubled communities
in the Region to enable them to better understand
and participate in decisions being made about their
hazardous substance problems. (NCER)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions i, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information about
innovative and alternative environmental monitoring,
measurement and characterization technologies, and
innovative and alternative remediation technologies.
This information is passed along to developers,
remediation site managers and regulators. It fosters
the development of lower cost characterization and
monitoring technologies and remediation technologies
for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface water and
groundwater. The current list of Regional needs for
characterization and monitoring includes biosensors
for chlorinated solvents, geophysical techniques for
the non-invasive determination of dense non-aqueous
phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies
to determine water quality parameters such as
dissolved oxygen, ecological sampling devices, and
field toxicity tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional
needs is planned in FYos and selected technologies/needs
will be given high priority in the selection of future
SITE demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a
broad stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
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U.S. bHA: UltlCF or KfSEAItCH G UlVFfbpMfM
SilE SuppORT
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides sites.
Priority contaminants include chlorinated solvents, PCBs,
PAHs and metals. For Region 6, the SITE Program is
completing the demonstration of two in-situ biotreatment
technologies for PCB-contaminated soils for the
Lower Colorado River Authority. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation -This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated
Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children
and to'theXombtistton TecfiTrical Assistance Center.
(NCEA)
Other Region 6 Superfund Support:
• Conducted "Introduction to Phytoremediation"
course in Austin, TX. (NRMRL)
« Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in.site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: Office of RhSFAiw:h & DrvtlopMiivi
Sire SuppoRT
SEVEN
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 7 Superfund Support:
Solvent Evaporation Testing - Clandestine
manufacturing of methamphetamine (an illegal
drug) at homes poses a serious heath and safety
threat to innocent children, public officers, emergency
responders and individuals who are manufacturing
the drug. Large volumes of toxic solvents are used so
there is a risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Per request from Region 7, ORD performed eight
solvent evaporation tests in the Indoor Air Quality
Test House in Cary, NC. The solvents tested included
toluene, acetone and naphtha (also called Colman
fuel). The final results were provided to the Region
following data quality review. The test results are
being used in the Region's Quantitative Risk
Assessment to estimate the potential health risk(s)
associated with exposure to chemicals used during
the production of methamphetamine. (NRMRL)
Omaha Lead - As part of its support efforts of the
Omaha Lead site, ORD is providing GIS support. This
includes map generation and statistical analysis of
lead levels in general and sensitive populations in the
area around the newly proposed NPL site. The
Regional HSTL will conduct a peer review of some
site work conducted by a consultant. (NERL/OSP)
Evaluation of Recently Developed Push Probe
Sensors - Probe sensors are being developed and
improved by an Air Force contractor that will
distinguish between BTEX components and detect
CAHs such as TCE. ORD is conducting field-testing to
correlate sensor responses with TPH and TCE meters.
More tests have been scheduled for Offutt AFB,
Nebraska and King Salmon AFB, Alaska. (NRMRL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Great
Lakes, Mid-Atlantic and Great Plains Hazardous
Substance Research Center for Integrated
Remediation Using Managed Natural Systems was
established to support collaborative research and
technology transfer efforts within EPA-Regions
3, 5 and 7. The Center will focus on integrated,
low-cost remediation technologies that improve risk
management by removing contaminants from the
environment and restoring ecosystem quality,
thereby enhancing site redevelopment options. This
mission will be accomplished through an extensive
university/EPA/industry partnership involving a
multidisciplinary research program. Comprehensive
technology transfer and outreach programs will
integrate new knowledge and technology for use
by industries, communities and government. The
Center also has a strong commitment to diversity
issues and will provide opportunities for minority
students and faculty from three minority institutions
to become involved in research, outreach and
technology transfer programs. (NCER)
Soil-Pb Evaluation - ORD continues its involvement
with Region 7 and other researchers to evaluate
soil-Pb site-specific bioavailability and alteration of
soil-Pb bioavailability by in situ treatment techniques.
This work is expanding to address issues of ecosystem
risk of soil-Pb. (NRMRL)
Soil Vapor Extraction - ORD is currently monitoring
soil vapor extraction performance conducted under
an active manufacturing site at the Coleman Site,
Wichita, KS. Work at this site has been going on for
five years. (NRMRL)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions i, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
Alternative Cover Assessment Project (ACAP) -
ORD's multi-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project (ACAP) has locations in Regions
4/ 5, 7, 8/ 9,10. This work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: Offio of
& Developing
SJTE SuppORT
SITE Demonstrations- One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative
remediation technologies. This information is passed
along to developers, remediation site managers and
regulators. It fosters the development of lower cost
characterization and monitoring technologies and
remediation technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment,
surface water and groundwater. The current list of
Regional needs for characterization and monitoring
includes biosensors for chlorinated solvents,
geophysical techniques for the non-invasive
determination of dense non-aqueous phase liquids
(DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies to
determine water quality parameters such as dissolved
oxygen, ecological sampling devices, and field
toxicity tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional needs
is planned in FYos and selected technologies/needs
will be given high priority in the selection of future
SITE demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a broad
stakeholder group, focus on sites that' have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 7,
the SITE Program is currently planning a field
demonstration of an electrokinetics technology at
Offutt AFB. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation-This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during~tfre~model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the
Technical Review Workgroup. This group assists
Regional risk assessors in the application of the
Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model for lead
in children and to the Combustion Technical
Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 7 Superfund Support:
• Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
-------
U.S. EPA: Oftio of RtsfARC.h &
SupERfuNd Sire SUDDORT
r» • r* I
KEqiON EiqHT
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 8 Superfund Support:
Asarco Superfund Site CE. Helena. MT) -This site is
an old smelter site where there are high levels of
arsenic endangering public water supplies. Per
Region 8's request, ORD engaged in a cooperative
project to conduct a field pilot test of in situ
permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology for the
remediation of arsenic in the site's ground water.
This was the first field test of PRBs for arsenic.
(NRMRL)
Ecological Risk Assessment-As Region 8 prepared
for the ecological risk assessment of a large and
highly contentious Superfund Site, it turned to ORD
for technical support. This included conducting
extensive analyses of available toxicity data, attending
technical meetings with state representatives, and
making recommendations for chemical concentrations
associated with different levels of risk to fish in the
river system. (NHEERL)
Evaluation of Toxicitv Data for Superfund Site-
As part of evaluating a Region 8 Superfund site, a
number of water samples from the site were evaluated
for toxicity to fish and analyzed for various rnetals.
Technical assistance was provided in interpreting the
toxicity data and determining which metals were,
most likely, the cause of toxicity. This information
revealed that this issue should be evaluated further
in the site risk assessment. (NHEERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Rocky
Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research
Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites will focus
on the geochemical, biological, hydrological/mineralogical
and engineering aspects of environmental problems
associated with mining and mine wastes. The goal
of the Center will be to develop new or improved
methods or technologies that are cost effective and
lead to cleanups that are protective of human health
and the environment. A common theme for the
environmental problems associated with mining is
the contamination of all media (air, ground water,
soil, sediments and surface water) resulting from a
host of metals and a wide variety of sources. The types
of contamination and the specific processes required
to address mine waste problems are identified within
the structure of five focus areas: site characterization
and contaminant transport/transformation; surface
water and sediment transport; treatment processes;
technologies; and ecological and human health
toxicity. Each of these focus areas is an essential
component of the remediation process, and will
include basic and applied research. Mathematical and
physical models will be used to better understand
processes and to help extend the results of the basic
research to field demonstrations and applications.
Training, technology transfer and outreach programs
will focus on the development of new technologies.
These programs will provide educational information
to allow communities to make informed decisions
concerning environmental contamination. The
project will also provide technical assistance to
communities and other stakeholders with the ultimate
goal of redeveloping Brownfields sites. (NCER)
In-Situ Biological Degradation - ORD has worked
with Region 8 to install soil fractures and conduct
treatability studies for in-situ biological degradation.
The aim of the research is to improve understanding
of As chemistry as it relates to the mobilization of As
in the environment. The site in Ronan, MT, has been
completed with final sampling during the week of
August 5. Data are being/will be shared with the
Regional Offices. Several papers have already been
written on interim project data. ORD equipment
and personnel worked at the site under Regional
sponsorship. (NRMRL)
TRV Development-ORD assisted in the development
of TRVs for use in screening level risk assessments at
Superfund sites. Literature searches were conducted
-------
U.b. hHA: (JUKI Ot KtstAiuh & UlVflopMIM
SupERfuNd Sire SuppoRT
and evaluations of test result quality were presented
in peer-reviewed publications for various chemicals
including lead, nickel, selenium, vanadium, copper,
chromium, cadmium, beryllium, barium, dieldrin,
DDT, pentachlorophenol and arsenic. (NHEERL)
Rocky Mountain Arsenal - To assist the Region,
ORD's SITE Program evaluated the ability of the
innovative technology, In Situ Thermal Destruction
(ISTD), to remove contamination from soil. The
contamination of interest is in the South Plants area
of the Arsenal in a 45-by-94-by-io-ft pit called the
Hex Pit, in which distillation bottoms from the
production of hexachlorocyclopentadiene were
dumped. The ISTD system was mobilized on site, with
installation of 2.66 heater-only or heater-vacuum
wells to heat the subsurface soils. The vaporized
contaminants were to be treated by a flameless
thermal oxidizer. In March 2002, approximately two
weeks into the heating phase, significant corrosion in
the aboveground piping was found, and the system
was turned off. ORD is now helping determine the
cause of the corrosion. Planning for Hex Pit sampling
has begun, with the sampling event expected to take
place in the next month or six weeks. In the meantime,
two technologies designed to treat chlorinated
solvents in-situ were competed at the site. For more
information on the SITE program, see the SITE
Demonstration description later in this section.
(NRMRL)
Ten Mile Creek Sites - In Region 8, ORD brought in a
team of outside experts in anaerobic and aerobic
treatment systems to discuss semi-passive remediation
alternatives for the Ten Mile Creek sites. The group
is looking at ways to treat the leachate either
passively or semi-passively in the future, and is now
conducting treatability studies. A semi-passive pilot
system will be built in 2002.. It is scheduled to go
online in 2003 in an area where there is no power
and no access from November to May. Two other
locations are under review, and ORD is conducting
preliminary studies. It is anticipated that another
remedial pilot will be built in this area in 2.002 or
2003 for further testing. (NRMRL)
Alternative Cover Assessment Project CACAP) -
ORD's multi-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project (ACAP) has locations in Regions
4/ 5, 7/ 8, 9,10. This work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information about
innovative and alternative environmental monitoring,
measurement and characterization technologies, and
innovative and alternative remediation technologies.
This information is passed along to developers,
remediation site managers and regulators. It fosters
the development of lower cost characterization and
monitoring technologies and remediation technologies
for soil, soil gas, sediment, surface water and
groundwater. The current list of Regional needs for
characterization and monitoring includes biosensors
for chlorinated solvents, geophysical techniques for
the non-invasive determination of dense non-aqueous
phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies
to determine water quality parameters such as
dissolved oxygen, ecological sampling devices, and
field toxicity tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional
needs is planned in FYO3 and selected technologies/needs
will be given high priority in the selection of future
SITE demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a broad
stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine drainage,
manufactured gas plants and pesticides sites. Priority
contaminants include chlorinated solvents, PCBs,
PAHs and metals. (NERL and NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
-------
U.S. EPA: Otfkt of RtstARch &
SupERfuNct Sire SuppORT
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup- ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 8 Superfund Support:
• Designed a monitoring plan for Superfund site in
Laramie, WY. (NRMRL)
Providing active support for Lowry Landfill, a
former tire pile area. (NRMRL)
Completed another field demonstration for
treatment of acid mine drainage contamination.
(NRMRL)
Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
-------
U.S. EPA: Office of
SupERFuNd SITE SuppORT
NJNE
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 9 Superfund Support:
McCormick & Baxter Superfund Site - A steam
injection treatability study was recently completed
for the McCormick & Baxter Superfund site in
Stockton, CA. This former wood treatment facility
has an estimated 1 million gallons of creosote and
other wood treating wastes in the subsurface,
extending to a depth greater than 200 feet. The
treatability study showed that steam injection can
effectively recover 70 to 99 percent of the creosote
contaminants, depending on the composition of the
creosote and the texture of the soil. In addition, it
was shown that oxidation of creosote components
can occur at the temperatures achieved during steam
injection remediation. (NRMRL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Western
Region Hazardous Substance Research Center for
Developing In-situ Processes for VOC Remediation in
Groundwater and Soils will focus on subsurface
contamination problems associated with volatile
organic chemicals (VOC), with an emphasis on
chlorinated solvents. VOCs have emerged as a major
groundwater contamination problem facing EPA's
Regions 9 and 10 and the nation. Research projects
have been developed in four focus areas: anaerobic
reductive processes, aerobic cometabolism, physical
and chemical abiotic processes and site characterization.
Mathematical and physical modeling will be key
components of each focus area. The Center's
research will focus on a variety of projects including:
anaerobic reductive processes for the remediation of
TCE at high concentrations; experimental and modeling
studies related to chemical delivery and product
removal during in-situ anaerobic treatment; and,
factors that influence sustainability of the aerobic
cometabolism of chlorinated with mixed and pure
cultures grown on butane (to name a few). The
technology transfer and outreach programs have
three activities that include: taking new technologies
from the laboratory to the field, and technical
outreach to communities in Regions 9 and 10 with
special emphasis on Brownfields. (NCER)
Montrose Superfund Site - A thermal remediation
treatabiltiy study is being planned for the Montrose
Superfund Site in Torrence, CA. The treatability study
will evaluate the use of steam injection or electrical
heating to remediate DNAPLs from contaminated
site soils. This research project will begin thisfall
with the collection of contaminated soil samples.
(NRMRL)
Performance Monitoring (Port Hueneme, CA)-A
field investigation at a site located near Los Angeles
was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of
enhanced bioremediation of MTBE in groundwater.
Working with Region 9, the state of California and
the U.S. Department of Defense, ORD designed,
constructed and operated the 3O-month investigation.
It was completed in March 2.002., and the final report
is in preparation. (NRMRL)
Del Monte Superfund Site fOahu, HO - ORD is
providing support on the phytoremediation treatment
unit. Pesticide contaminated groundwater from a
perched aquifer is pumped into the phytoremediation
treatment unit. Bench- and pilot-scale treatability
studies support the selection of this technology as
the final remedy. (NRMRL)
Mine Site Evaluations - Work has been busy as ORD
conducts chemical analyses to see if certain remedial
technologies can be used at the Rio Tinto, Yerington
Anaconda, Leviathan and Colorado Hill mine sites. A
demonstration project is being conducted to compare
various chemical and biological semi-passive treatments
such as biphasic treatment, lime lagoons,
sulfide-reducing bioreactors and aerobic polishers
to treat acid mine drainage. (NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: Office of RtsfARch &
Sire SUPPORT
Vallev Wood - ORD provided input on soil cleanup
levels for arsenic and associated excavation levels.
(NRMRL)
Cooper Drum - ORD was called in to the Cooper
Drum site to help assess the applicability of
enhanced bioremedJation and monitored natural
attenuation (MNA) remedies. It also reviewed the
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS).
(NRMRL)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions i, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL)
Alternative Cover Assessment Project CACAP') -
ORD's multi-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project (ACAP) has locations in Regions
4/ 5/ 7, 8, 9,10. This work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative
remediation technologies. This information is passed
along to developers, remediation site managers and
regulators. It fosters the development of lower cost
characterization and monitoring technologies and
remediation technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment,
surface water and groundwater. The current list of
Regional needs for characterization and monitoring
includes biosensors for chlorinated solvents,
geophysical techniques for the non-invasive
determination of dense non-aqueous phase liquids
(DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies to
determine water quality parameters such as dissolved
oxygen, ecological sampling devices, and field toxicity
tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional needs is
planned in FYos and selected technologies/needs will
be given high priority in the selection of future SITE
demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a
broad stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 9, the
SITE Program completed one field demonstration for
Lead-contaminated soils and is currently selecting
technologies for an in-situ biological treatment of
PCB-contaminated sediment in Pearl Harbor, HI.
Another demonstration of three different technologies
is currently being conducted for acid mine drainage
in California, and a DNAPL recovery project has been
initiated at the F&B Site in Phoenix, AZ. (NERL and
NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available sediment/contaminant fate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the Technical
Review Workgroup. This group assists Regional risk
assessors in the application of the Integrated Exposure
Uptake Biokinetic model for lead in children and to
the Combustion Technical Assistance Center. (NCEA)
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U.S. EPA: Office of RtsfARfh & DmlopmiM
SilE SuppORT
Other Region 9 Site Support:
« Provided information on risk assessment for
Superfund site on the Palos Verdes shelf in
Southern California. (NHEERL)
• Monitoring performance and closure criteria of
several soil venting projects at the Tucson
International Airport Site, Tucson, AZ. (NRMRL)
. Assisted in audit of GC and GC/MS laboratory data
and provided analytical protocol assessments at
Aeroject General Corporation in Rancho Cordora,
CA. (NERL)
• Estimating volume of LNAPL, natural attenuation
and electron acceptor mass balance at Williams
AFB Superfund Site, Phoenix, AZ. (NRMRL)
• Provided guidance on the problems of
pseudoreplication. (NHEERL)
• Continuing to provide active support for Edwards
Air Force Base. (NRMRL)
• Conducted field evaluations on in-situ and ex situ
treatment technologies for treatment of MTBE at
the source and the wellhead. (NRMRL)
• Provided information on the use of equilibrium
partitioning theory in establishing sediment
clean-up levels in Superfund sites in San Francisco
Bay. (NHEERL)
• Conducted "Introduction to Phytoremediation"
course in San Diego, CA. (NRMRL)
• Determined flow paths of contaminated
groundwater on and near the Casmalia Disposal
Site in Santa Barbara, CA. (NERL)
• Worked with Regional and State personnel on
approval criteria for ET covers in Southern
California. (NRMRL)
• Coordinated work with Region, State and
University of Hawaii in response to heptachlor
accumulation in garden and crop plants. (NRMRL)
« Coordinating a team of ORD and Region 9 scientists
to measure indoor air quality of residential housing
located within 50 feet of BKK, a former landfill
near Los Angeles. (NRMRL)
« Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: Office of
SupERflJNd SilE SuppORT
TEN
ORD works closely with each Region to support the
cleanup of contaminated Superfund sites. Specifically,
it provides site-specific technical support for
characterization, modeling, monitoring, assessment
and remediation of contaminated sites under
Superfund, and in some cases, under RCRA
Corrective Actions. Information on Region-specific
support is detailed below, followed by a detailed
overview of those specific elements under the
"Contaminated Site - Site-Specific Technical
Support" umbrella.
Region 10 Superfund Support:
Wvckoff/Eaqle Harbor - A steam injection treatability
study was recently completed for the Wyckoff/Eagle
Harbor Superfund site. This former wood treatment
facility has an estimated 1 million gallons of creosote
and other wood treating wastes in the subsurface,
which were flowing into Puget Sound and Eagle Harbor.
The treatability study showed that steam injection can
effectively recover 70 to 99 percent of the creosote
contaminants, depending on the composition of the
creosote and the texture of the soil. In addition, it
was shown that oxidation of creosote components
can occur at the temperatures achieved during steam
injection remediation. Specifically, the ORD study
evaluated microbial diversity and activity prior to
and after steam ing. Soil samples, from both the
vadose zone and the saturated zone of five site areas
as well as one saturated sample from the mudline,
were collected. Microcosms were constructed and
operated for 9 weeks, and then samples were taken
from them at times of o, 2., 5, and 8 or 9 weeks.
Samples were analyzed for 19 PAH compounds and
prepared for phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis,
which assesses microbial diversity, biomass, and
metabolic activity. Data interpretation is in process
for preparation of a draft report. (NRMRL)
Bunker Hill Superfund Site - ORD provides ongoing
support to Region 10 with the evaluation of
remediation at the Bunker Hill Superfund site. In
FY 2000, a Symposium on Remediation Effectiveness
was held at Coeur d'Alene, ID. The proceedings will
appear in the October 2.002. issue of the Science of
the Total Environment. (NCEA)
Wide Area Assessment - ORD has been in recent
discussions with Region 10 regarding a wide area
assessment being conducted in and around Trail, BC.
The area of concern extends below the border to
Lake Roosevelt on the Columbia River. Region 10
currently is in the initial site investigation stage to
determine whether or not the U.S. zone should be
placed on the NPL (NHEERL)
Hazardous Substance Research Center-The Western
Region Hazardous Substance Research Center for
Developing In-situ Processes for VOC Remediation
in Groundwater and Soils will focus on subsurface
contamination problems associated with volatile
organic chemicals (VOC) with an emphasis on
chlorinated solvents. VOCs have emerged as a major
groundwater contamination problem facing EPA's
Regions 9 and 10 and the nation. Research projects
have been developed in four focus areas: anaerobic
reductive processes, aerobic cometabolism,
physical and chemical abiotic processes and site
characterization. Mathematical and physical modeling
will be key components of each focus area. The
Center's research will focus on a variety of projects
including: anaerobic reductive processes for the
remediation of TCE at high concentrations; experimental
and modeling studies related to chemical delivery and
product removal during in-situ anaerobic treatment;
and, factors that influence sustainability of the
aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated with mixed and
pure cultures grown on butane (to name a few). The
technology transfer and outreach programs have
three activities that include: taking new technologies
from the laboratory to the field, and technical
outreach to communities in Regions 9 and 10 with
special emphasis on Brownfields. (NCER)
Grower Discussions - Per Region ID'S request, ORD
researchers visited with affected Idaho growers,
processors, researchers and regulators last July
(2.001) concerning the movement of OUST from
BLM land onto farmland. (NHEERL)
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum -
Under the leadership of the Technology Innovation
Office, OSWER has sites in Regions 2., 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,10.
Work is progressing to determine hydrocarbon
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U.S. EPA: Otfict of RtseARch &
SITE SuppORT
degradation by phytotechnologies using a standard
protocol. (NRMRL) '
Alternative Cover Assessment Project CACAP") -
ORD'sHnulti-site work on the alternative cover
assessment project r(ACAP) has locations in Regions
4/ 5, 7/ 8/ 9,10. This Work is to determine infiltration
rates at landfills and evaluate alternative cover
options. (NRMRL)
SITE Demonstrations - One ORD goal is to identify,
demonstrate, assess and disseminate information
about innovative and alternative environmental
monitoring, measurement and characterization
technologies, and innovative and alternative
remediation technologies. This information is passed
along to developers,,remediation site managers and
regulators. It fosters the development of lower cost
characterization and monitoring technologies and
remediation technologies for soil, soil gas, sediment,
surface water and groundwater. The current list of
Regional needs for characterization and monitoring
includes biosensors for chlorinated solvents,
geophysical techniques for the non-invasive
determination of dense non-aqueous phase liquids
(DNAPLs) in the subsurface, technologies to
determine water quality parameters such as dissolved
oxygen, ecological sampling devices, and field toxicity
tests. A reassessment of EPA Regional needs is
planned in FYos and selected technologies/needs will
be given high priority in the selection of future SITE
demonstrations. Current priorities for remediation
technologies, which are revised annually by a
broad stakeholder group, focus on sites that have
contaminated sediments, DNAPLs, acid mine
drainage, manufactured gas plants and pesticides
sites. Priority contaminants include chlorinated
solvents, PCBs, PAHs and metals. For Region 10, the
SITE Program is currently conducting an in-situ
steam-enhanced treatment technology demonstration
for chlorinated solvents at the Port of Ridgefield, OR.
Another field demonstration for in-situ sediment
treatment is planned for Whatcom Waterway in
Washington during FYos. (NERLand NRMRL)
Contaminated Sediment Mass Fate and Transport
Models Evaluation - This effort will describe the
currently available:sediment/contaminantfate and
transport models. The highest ranked models will be
evaluated for multiple classes of receiving waters.
Where weaknesses are identified during the model
evaluation, modules will be enhanced or created for
the top-ranked contaminated sediment fate and
transport models for major water resource classes.
Possibilities include simulations for groundwater
advective flow under and through a cap, compressive
effects of adding additional mass to the underlying
sediments from a cap, natural gas escaping from the
organic compounds in the sediments, and cap scour
and displacement. (NERL)
Support Via Technical Review Workgroup - ORD
provides support to all Regions through the
Technical Review Workgroup. This group assists
Regional risk assessors in the application of the
Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model for
lead in children and to the~ Combustion Technical
Assistance Center. (NCEA)
Other Region 10 Superfund Support:
• Continuing active support for East Gate Disposal
Yard, Ft. Lewis Army Reserve. (NRMRL)
• Working at Eagle Harbor site to evaluate capping
effectiveness for PAH-contaminated sediments.
(NRMRL)
• Developing approach to incorporate bioavailability
in site-specific risk assessments and treatment
performance. (NRMRL)
• Will soon be conducting field evaluations at
appropriate sites, and developing design, operation
and monitoring approaches for landfill bioreactors.
(NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: OfficE of RESEARCH & DEvelopiviENi
SuppORT OVERVIEW
Laboratory/Center Contacts for General Information:
National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA)
National Center for Environmental Research (NCER)
(IncludingJHazardous Substance Research Centers)
National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL)
National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory (NHEERL)
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
Kevin Garrahan
Mitch Lasat
Jane Denne
Bill Russo (on detail)
Trish Erickson
202-564-3336
202-564-6826
702-798-2655
919-541-7869
513-569-7406
Office of Science Policy (OSP)/Superfund Technical Liaison Program
Randy Wentsel
202-564-3214
Contaminated Sites — Site Specific
Technical Support:
Specific elements included are:
Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center
CEPIO - Contact: Donald Garofalo 703-648-4285.
http://lvordi.las,epa.QOv:Q876/epic/default.htm -
This center provides site-specific information on the
condition and activities occurring at hazardous waste
disposal sites at a point in time or over a historical
period; documents these conditions and changes;
provide guides in the form of reports, maps, and
photographs for assisting in the safe cleanup of
hazardous waste materials; and assists, in emergency
response and enforcement efforts when requested
by client offices. Remote sensing technical support is
provided to all EPA Regional Superfund Offices and
OERR, and includes: hazardous waste disposal site
characterization and mapping; annotated aerial
photo interpretation reports; topographic mapping
of waste disposal sites; acquisition of aerial
photographs; and enforcement support. FYoi
requests by Region (122 total requests): Ri=24%,
R2=16%, R3=21%, R4=15%, R5=8%, R6=7%,
R7=6%, R8=None, R9=4%, Rio=i%. FYoi primary
request types: historical site analysis; photo support;
topographic maps.
Monitoring and Site Characterization Technology
Support Center - Contact: Acting Director,
Chris Sibert, 702-798-2270.
http://www.epa.gov/nerlesdi/tsc/tsc.htm - This
center provides scientific and technical assistance in
the characterization'of hazardous waste sites and
associated site contaminants. State-of-the-science
methods and technologies are identified and applied
to identify contaminants, determine their levels and
concentrations, and identify their geographic extent
and distribution for site characterization and
remediation. FYoi requests by Region (94 major/259
short-term requests): Ri=7%, R2=17%, R3=15%,
R4=13%, R5=5%, R6=7%, R7=9%,'R8=4%, R9=17%,
Rio=s%. FYoi primary request types: statistical
design; document review; analytical support.
Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling fCEAM") -
Contact: Frank Stancil 706-355-8100.
http://www.epa.qov/c'eampubl/ceamhome.htm -
CEAM's goals are to develop, maintain, distribute,
and apply state-of:the-science technical tools including
multimedia exposure and ecosystem response
simulation models, environmental databases, data
analysis packages, tool application strategies, and
advanced educational materials in the environmental
sciences. FYoi requests (162 phone inquiries): FYoi
primary request types: distributed 15,560 copies
of models.
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U.S. EPA: Offict o( RESEARCH & UEVE!OPM(NI
TECHNICAL SuppORT OvERVJEW
Center for Subsurface Modeling Support CCSMoS) -
Contact: David Jewett 580-436-8560.
http://www.epa.qov/ada/csmos.html - Provides
support for development, testing, application, and
distribution of models on fate and transport of
contaminants in the subsurface environment. FYoi
requests (approximately 400 phone/email requests).
FYoi primary request types: distributed 11,000+
copies of models.
Engineering Technical Support Center CETSO and
Superfund Technical Assistance Response Team
(START) - Contact: Dave Reisman 513-569-7588. This
center provides site-specific assistance on engineering
and treatment issues during any phase of a site
cleanup. Focus areas include containment, thermal
treatments, soil vapor extraction, bioremediation,
and solidification/stabilization. Support is provided
for incorporating technology-based data needs in the
RI/FS phase and conducting/evaluating site-specific
remedy options in the RD/RA and post-construction
phases. The center publishes Engineering Bulletins
on technologies and site types. The center supports
Superfund, Brownfields, and RCRA Corrective Action
sites. FYoi requests by Region (325 actions at 100
sites): Ri=6%, R2=4%, R3 = n%, R4=2'8%, RS=IO%,
R6=1%, R7=2%, R8=9%, R9 = 25%, Rio=3%. FYoi
primary request types: mining sites increasing;
monitored natural attenuation and DNAPL
questions continue; landfills and phytoremediation;
most frequent technology-specific requests on
stabilization/solidification and phytoremediation.
Ground Water Technical Support Center fGWTSO -
Contact: Dave Burden 580-436-8606.
http://www.epa.gov/ada/tsc.html -This center
provides site-specific assistance on ground water
and subsurface contamination problems in site
remediation. Focus areas include in-situ water
treatment, in-situ thermal treatment, monitored
natural attenuation, soil vapor extraction, and
permeable reactive barriers. The center also publishes
issue papers on subsurface remediation and ground
water topics and provides project manager training
upon request by the regions. The center supports
Superfund, Brownfields, and RCRA Corrective Action
sites. FYoi requests by Region (98 actions at 64
sites): R1 = 17%, R2=1O%, R3=15%, R4=21%, Rs = 5%,
R6=3%, R?=3%, R8 = 4%, R9 = 19%, Rio=i%.FYoi
primary request types: see ETSC.
Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
rSTSC) - Contact: Harlal Choudhury 513/569-7536.
This center supports Regional and headquarters
Superfund risk assessors by reviewing and developing
exposure and toxicity factors that allow more accurate
quaTrtttative~estfmatesTDf risk to be developed. Much
of the activity is focused on developing new and
updated externally peer reviewed provisional toxicity
values that describe dose-response toxicological
relationships. STSC is in the process of upgrading the
Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST)
chemicals to externally peer reviewed provisional
toxicity values. The Center also provides user
support through the STSC Hotline as well as on-site
expertise reviews. All assistance is provided on a
rapid turn-around basis. FYoi requests by Region
(regions =35% of total requests): Ri=i6%, R2=21%,
R3=11%, R4=10%, R5 = 19%, R6=5%, R?=6%,
R8 = 6%, R9=2%, Rio=4%. FYoi primary request
types: carcinogenicity; RfD; RfC; TCE; PERC.
Ecological Risk Assessment Technical Support Center
(ERASQ - Contact: Michael Kravitz 513-569-7740.
This center provides technical information and
addresses scientific questions of concern or interest
on topics relevant to ecological risk assessment at
hazardous waste sites for EPA's Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
personnel and Regional Superfund/RCRA staff.
ERASC accomplishes this by drawing on the expertise
of the Agency's laboratories and research centers as
well as scientific community experts. For further
information, access ERASC's Intranet site:
http://intranet.epa.gov/ncea/erasc/index.htm. FYoi
requests (7 requests; pilot established FYoi): handles
requests forwarded by regional ecotoxicologists or
ERAF members. FYoi primary request types: dredging;
PCBs; soil/sediment TOC analyses; equilibrium
partitioning approach; individual measurements
versus population effects; EDCs.
Combustion Technical Assistance Center (CTAC) -
Contact: Harlal Choudhury 513/569-7536. This center
provides technical assistance to Regional, state, and
headquarter risk assessors who must evaluate the
risks from more than 200 RCRA combustion facilities.
Major issues addressed include evaluating the fate,
transport and toxicity of combustor contaminants;
and developing procedures to better quantify the
risks from these facilities. FYoi requests by Region
(27 requests): Ri=n%, Ri=9%, R3=2%, R4=4%,
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U.S. EPA: OfficE of RESEARCH & DEVE!OPMENI
TechNJcAl SuppoRT OvERview
R5=4%, R6=4%, R7=i%, R8 = None, R9=7%,
Rio=4O%. FYon primary request types: toxicity;
procedures/methodology; review of biotransfer
coefficients (Travis and Arms).
Superfund Program Support/Tech Transfer- Contact:
Lab/Center as above. Technical support to the
OSWER Superfund Program includes technology
transfer, issue papers on topics of concern to the
program, workshops, manuals, and other support to
program office activities. Support is provided across
the risk paradigm.
RCRA Program Support - Contact: Lab/Center as above.
Technical support to the OSWER RCRA program
includes technical advice on implementation of
combustion regulations, tech transfer documents,
workshops and Pi to support RCRA programs,
scientific advice, input and review in support of
regulations and guidance, and support of HWIR.
Hazardous Substance Technical Liaison Program -
For more information on this program, please refer
to the "Hazardous Substances Technical Liaison
Program" section located near the beginning of this
tabbed section.
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U.S. EPA: Offif> of Rtsi-ARch &
ReqioN 1 Sire SuppoRT
ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the-use of ORD models~and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR~)
Solicitation & Workshops - ORD worked with Region
1 to develop a special SBIR solicitation to help meet
their specific needs and priorities. The solicitation,
"Environmental Solutions for Treatment of Arsenic
in Small Drinking Water Systems, Stormwater
Runoff, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), Urban
River Sediments and Infrastructure Rehabilitation,"
opened on January 31, 2.002., and closed on March 2.1,
2.002. SBIR workshops have also been held to help
small businesses convert environmental ideas,
inventions, innovations, patents and processes into
commercial,"environmental technologies. (NCER)
Estuary Evaluation -To support Region i, ORD is
assisting in the evaluation of nutrient loading to
estuaries. Together, ORD and the Region are
modeling the effects of that loading in the context
of the National Estuary Program. (NHEERL)
Field Evaluations - ORD is participating in a
collaborative effort to set up field evaluations of
innovative technologies associated with small mobile
packaged treatment systems. The Region is currently
searching for potential sites for an upcoming
evaluation using an advanced oxidation process to
remove contaminants from drinking water sources.
(NRMRL)
STAR Grant Workshops - ORD and Region 1 are
planning a pilot workshop, tentatively scheduled for
November 14, 2.002., to bring STAR grantees to the
Regional office for presentations and discussions.
Region 1 has identified the specific grants in which
they are interested. If successful, similar workshops
will be planned in each Region. (NCER)
Research Plan Development and Implementation
(Connecticut River) - ORD is currently working
through various EPA Programs, Regions and The
Connecticut River Airshed-Watershed Consortium to
assist in various research regarding the Connecticut
River basin. The group will conduct an interdisciplinary
research program to define various resource
management options for solving long-term degradation
and pollution problems in the river. Additionally,
ORD is providing support with the development of
research plans on nutrient and pathogen non-point
sources, rooftop runoff control and street sweeping
in the Connecticut River watershed. (NRMRL)
Long Island Sound Study Support- ORD is currently
assisting in Long Island Sound's "Site Designation
Study." Specific support includes quantifying
macrophage aggregate area in the spleens of winter
flounder (as a marker of PAH pollution and disease),
and reviewing the physical oceanography Quality
Assurance Project Plan for this project. (NHEERL)
Technical Information Support-Technical information
has been key in developing the protocols for evaluating
dredged material in Region 1. Additionally, it has
contributed to the measurement of lipids in tissues
being tested as part of dredged material assessments.
(NHEERL)
Water Treatment Testing and Field Studies-The ETV
DWS Center, in partnership with the University of
New Hampshire (UNH) Water Treatment Technology
Assistance Center, will conduct testing of two
Separmatic Fluid Systems DE filter package systems.
The systems' goal is to remove cryptosporidium from
drinking water at a UNH site. The Center also recently
conducted a field study of the Pall Corporation's
Microfiltration Microza 4UFD4OOO4-45, LGVsL
Package Plant for particulate and microbial control
in drinking water at Manchester, NH. (NRMRL)
Technical Equipment and Guidance - Per request
from Region 1, ORD provided Hydrolab equipment
and technical guidance via an RLA to the Wood
Pawcatuck Watershed Association. Work is
continuing into FYO3. (NHEERL)
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U.b. tHA: OltlO or KtSfAliCH Oi
ReqioN 1 SirE SuppoRT
Modeling Reviews - Region 1 recently submitted a
proposal on the multifactorial analysis of time-dependent
variables contributing to hypoxia in Western Long
Island Sound. Prior to the proposal's submission,
ORD was called in to provide a technical review of
the modeling portions. (NHEERL)
Macroinvertebrate Index Development- With the
state of New Hampshire, ORD is developing a
multi-metric index for macroinvertebrates. The index
will help monitor the biological condition of state
streams. (NERL)
Nonindiqenous Species - ORD coordinated the
response to the importation of exotic aquarium
plants and animals as well as information about
Eurasian milfoil. (NHEERL)
Mercury Exposure Research - Working through a
cooperative agreement with the University of
Vermont, ORD is researching the impacts of
atmospheric deposition and lake watershed processes
on mercury exposure of fish and piscivorus wildlife
in New England lakes. (NERL)
National Coastal Assessment Program CNCAP") -
ORD's leadership in the northeast National Coastal
Assessment Program, although directed at individual
states, has also become of great interest to Regions
1, 2 and 3. Regional managers have been involved in
every stage of this effort, from the initial meetings
through data assessment and reporting. (NHEERL)
Regional Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs')
Workshop-This workshop was held May 1-3, 2001, in
Atlanta. The objective was to provide an opportunity
for Regional scientists to learn the most recent
advances in the area of endocrine disruption and
how this research could relate to regional issues. The
status of current research on the effects of chemicals
on thyroid function of amphibians, a high-priority
problem in Region 1, was presented. (NHEERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change bv
Ecoregion - This ORD effort is a collaborative,
multi-year study with the USGS EROS Data Center.
It is analyzing landscape changes between the early
19705 and early 20005, and helping determine the
rates and causes of changes. Pilot studies are
complete and results will be available for ecoregions
for Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. National results should be
available by 2006 for all Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR) - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities, industry,
government and federal research and development.
ORD funds EPSCoR programs in Alabama, Alaska,
Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico. (NCER)
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers-This ORD effort is a collaborative
study with HUD and CPSC. This study will collect
and analyze measurements of pesticide residues in
childcare centers nationwide. Region-specific
concentration, exposure and biomonitoring data will
be gathered from across the U.S. during the design
of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Modeling - ORD assists Regions by com-
municating new tools and techniques for air quality
modeling. These tools are used by states in preparing
their implementation plans for the 8-hour ozone
program. This information is helpful for Regions as
they comply with air quality standards for ozone.
(NERL)
Pollution Prevention - In August 2001, ORD published,
"An Organizational Guide to Pollution Prevention"
(EPA/625/R-01/003). In conjunction with this new
document, it is sponsoring a series of interactive
Workshops (one per Region) based on the principles
and concepts produced in the Guide. ORD works
with each Region to customize the workshops,
addressing Region-specific concerns and issues. Other
Pollution Prevention tools developed by ORD are
also on display. (NRMRL)
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U.S. EPA: OfHo of
ReqioN T SiiE SuppoRT
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three Regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support- NPDES
permit and 3oi(h) Secondary Treatment Waiver
permit applicants and writers rely heavily on mixing
zone models in designing and assessing outfall
structures and performance. The EPA Visual Plumes
software is designed to help clients meet mixing
zone regulatory requirements. Interesting recent
applications include: designing new thermal discharge
structures (Potrero power plant, San Francisco,
Region 9); assessing background tidal pollutant
buildup of concentration in a tidal'estuary (Salisbury,
Maryland, Region 3); establishing Outer Continental
Shelf (OCS) produced water guidelines (Region 9);
predicting temperature exposure for salmon recovery
efforts on the Columbia River (Region 10); developing
plans for the safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda
from a sunken barge (Florida, Region 4); and
establishing the likely origin of bacterial concentration
on beaches (Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA,
Region 9). Visual Plumes training courses have been
given in Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and
Washington. The models have been distributed to
at least 47 states and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 1 Support Activities:
• Technical reviews of several Providence River
dredging proposals (NHEERL)
• Providing support to evaluate control technologies
for MTBE and PCE (NRMRL)
• Quality Assurance Project Plan reviews for a
modeling study of 89 Massachusetts estuaries and
a flushing study of Acushnet River Estuary, Rl
(NHEERL)
•'-Supporting the Region in its lawsuit against the
Mass Water Resources Authority (MWRA) and the
filtration issue^(NRMRL)
• Technical review of Quonsett Point, Rl, dredging
proposal (NHEERL)
• Serving as instructors-for required drinking water
treatment operator course, part of the Region's
outreach and monitoring activities for promulgated
rules and regulations (NRMRL)
• Review of Charles River water quality monitoring
proposal (NHEERL)
• Assistance for Regional personnel in synthesis and
interpretation of sediment profile image data from
Mount Hope Bay, Rl (NHEERL)
• Transferring information management tools and
techniques for National Coastal Assessment
(NHEERL)
• Providing a Region-based technical advisor to assist
in training staff on technical issues, setting up
workshops and responding to technical requests
(NHEERL)
• Working with Region 1 to develop coastal
wetland monitoring program (NHEERL)
• Developing proposal for Regional Methods
Initiative, focusing on bioassessment methods for
tidal-fresh streams (NHEERL)
• Reviewing a proposal for eutrophication-related
research on Long Island Sound (NHEERL)
» Measuring contaminant levels in sediment samples
from the Barrington River (NHEERL)
• Providing technical information related to dioxin
contamination of the Woonasquatucket River, Rl
(NHEERL)
• Providing information on standard reference
materials for the dibenzodioxins measurement
(NHEERL)
• Collecting and providing data and literature
information on contaminant levels in winter
flounder (NHEERL)
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Establishing conduit for technical transfer of latest
endocrine disrupting chemical information to
Region 1 scientists (NHEERL)
Supporting model-based TMDL study in Seekonk
and Providence Rivers (NHEERL)
Reviewing implementation manual for lake
nutrient criteria (NHEERL)
Serving on Region 1 Technical Advisory Group for
estuaries nutrient criteria development (NHEERL)
Participating in development of a contaminant-
monitoring program for Rhode Island fish.
(NHEERL)
• Developing diagnostic tools (NHEERL)
• Developing rapid methods to measure pathogens
in seawater samples,(NHEERL)
• Transmitting protocols on the measurement of
lipids in marine tissue samples (NHEERL)
• Conducted the transfer of information management
tools and techniques and provided survey design
support for each of the 10 Regional R-EMAP projects.
(NHEERL)
• Conducted hundreds of searches, retrieved data
and interpreted results presented in the ECOTOX
database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical -support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Hydrological and Thermal Constraints Analyses flake
Ontario') - ORD scientists followed up field studies
performed in collaboration with Region 2 in 1994 and
1997 with additional analyses of benthic communities
in Lake Ontario. Objectives were: 1.) to provide
indicators of ecological condition; and, 2.) to provide
mechanistic knowledge and a conceptual model of
how these indicators function. During this analyses
the influence of habitat and hydrological events on
benthic community structure and function was
determined at different depths and locations in
Lake Ontario. Seasonal changes of the quality and
quantity of phytoplankton as a food source were
also determined, including how those seasonal
changes affect zooplankton and Diporeia. (NHEERL)
8th Drinking Water/Wastewater Seminar fDorado.
Puerto Ricol - During this seminar, the EPA presented
a synopsis of the technical support it provides in
Puerto Rico in relation to small drinking water
systems, remote monitoring and small community
water quality control in Puerto Rico. Project status,
programs and specific research projects were discussed.
(NRMRL)
Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment CMAIA) -ORD,
through MAIA, directly supports a large effort
focused in Region 3, but extending into Regions 2
and 4. ORD and Region 3 share the responsibility for
implementing this program. ORD's leadership in the
northeast National Coastal Assessment Program,
although directed at individual states, is of great
interest to Regions 1, 2, and 3. Regional managers
have been involved in every stage of this effort, from
the initial meetings through data assessment and
reporting. (NHEERL)
New York Harbor TMDL Pathogens Workgroup -
ORD participates in this workgroup with key technical
advice. For example, it provided indicator die-off
data, which supports the development of the Harbor's
receiving-water quality model for pathogens. (NRMRL)
Virgin Islands Monitoring Surveys - Working with
Region 2, ORD designed and implemented monitoring
surveys to examine the effects of effluents from the
Virgin Islands Rum Industries. Specifically it reviewed
the effects on coral reefs and submerged aquatic
vegetation beds in the coastal areas near the
St. Croix. (NHEERL)
Landscape Assessment (Xatskill/Delaware Watersheds') -
This project is a comprehensive assessment of
landscape changes on the watersheds where most of
New York City's drinking water supply comes from.
It contributed to plans to conserve the city's
outstanding drinking water quality. (NERL)
American Lobster Mortality Research - ORD is
currently assisting in research to investigate the
cause of American lobster mortality in Long Island
Sound. This research includes examining lobsters
from Long Island Sound for histopathological
changes. (NHEERL)
Numerical Criteria for Assessing Dredged Material
Bioaccumulation Tests - Bioaccumulation testing is
required as part of the framework for deciding on
appropriate disposal options for material from
navigational dredging. In general, the evaluation of
this data has been based on statistical comparison to
values from "reference" areas rather than being
based on actual expected risk. Per Region 2's request,
ORD assisted in developing scientifically defensible,
risk-based guidelines for evaluating dredged
material. This effort was pre-empted by 9/11, but is
expected to resume in the future. (NHEERL)
Chlorinated Biphenylenes Toxicitv Consultation -
Responding to Region concerns about potential
dioxin-like toxicity, ORD analyzed dust from New
York City for a series of chlorinated substances
including chlorinated biphenylenes. QSAR predictions
were conducted, which suggested that the chemicals
would have dioxin-like toxicities, but with much less
potencies than TCDD. (NHEERL)
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TMDLs for Acid Rain and its Effects - ORD is providing
technical advice to devise TMDLs for acid rain and its
effects on Adirondack Lakes. This is the first time
anyone will have tried to apply an aquatic TMDL to
an air pollution problem. (NHEERL)
Health Effect Studies of Dioxin - ORD has provided
technical assistance for Hyde Park and other sites in
and around the Niagara Falls, NY. Its emphasis
has been on conducting long-term studies of
bioaccumulation and the human health and ecological
effects of dioxin-like chemicals in Lake Ontario.
(NHEERL)
North American Landscape Characterization Program
CNALQ -This is a multi-agency project with USGS
EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble Landsat
data sets from the early 19705, mid-1980s and early
1990$ to conduct historical landscape change
analyses. The data have and continue to be used in
landscape change analyses being conducted in EPA
Regions 2-10. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoreqion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 1970$ and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2.006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR') - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities, industry,
government, and federal research and development.
ORD funds EPSCoR programs in Alabama, Alaska,
Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico. (NCER)
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention - In August 2001, ORD published,
"An Organizational Guide to Pollution Prevention"
(EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with this new
document, it is sponsoring a series of interactive
Workshops (one per Region) based on the principles
and concepts produced in the Guide. ORD works
with each Region to customize the workshops,
addressing Region-specific concerns and issues. Other
Pollution Prevention tools developed by ORD are
also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three Regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and 3cn(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
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new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature
exposure for salmon recovery efforts on the
Columbia River (Region 10); developing plans for the
safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda from a sunken
barge (Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely
origin of bacterial concentration on beaches
(Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9).
Visual Plumes training courses have been given in
Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.
The models have been distributed to at least 47
states and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 2 Site Support Activities:
• Transferred information on the research and
application of land cover/land use, including
standards, to serve as a guide for the Mid-Atlantic
Region. (NHEERL)
• Served as an active participant in the administrative
consent order against NYC regarding the issue of
filtering its source water. (NRMRL)
• Supported Regional 305 (b) efforts through
National Coastal Assessment monitoring designs
and interartrons-witrnndividual states. (NHEERL)
• Provided support on several Region i R-EMAP
projects. This included reviewing proposals and
coordinating data analysis. (NHEERL)
• Supported development of wetland monitoring
approaches and indicators in the Juniata and
Nanticoke pilot watersheds. (NHEERL)
• Transferred Central, PA, Spring Creek Watershed
Partnership's stream restoration approach to
Regions, States and local governments. (NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Ecosystem Restoration Effects - Working in
coordination with Baltimore County's Department of
Environmental Protection and Resource Management,
researchers are to evaluate the effectiveness and
benefits of stream restoration on water quality and
nitrate removal. Minebank Run, a small stream in
Baltimore, MD, will be restored to improve geomorphic
stability. Restoration will include reshaping stream
banks to reconnect the stream channel to the flood
plain, stream bank reinforcement, reconstructing
stream meander features and riffle zones, and
re-establishing riparian plant communities. (NRMRL)
Landscape Indicators for Pesticide Study CMid-
Atlantic Coastal Streams') - ORD has completed
research into method development for the
analyses of sediments for 70 chlorine, nitrogen and
phosphorus-containing pesticides and PCBs. Analyses
of 200 samples are now in process. Analyses are
complete on the same 2.00 sediment samples for
mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and
selenium. (NERL)
Water Distribution System Monitoring - EPA
implemented corrective action related to Coliform
sp. violations in the Washington D.C. Water and
Sewer Authority (WASA) water distribution system.
As a result, a Web-based remote monitoring system
was set up on the system through a collaborative
effort with WASA and the Region. (NRMRL)
Region ^ Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment TMAIA")
STAR Grant Evaluation - The MAIA team evaluated
all its Regions' STAR grants (approximately 300) to
determine which grant research results could easily
be implemented and used by managers to facilitate
decision-making. MAIA took STAR research to 10
groups including Baltimore County, Maryland
Department of Environmental Protection and
Resource Management; Loudon County,, Virginia
Planning Commission; Delaware Center forlnland
Bays; and others. In one example, Calvert County,
MA, used STAR grant results to manage the county's
urban sprawl. (NCER)
Landscape Model Development fMid-Atlantic U.S.") -
This ORD project includes empirical studies quantifying
the relationships between landscape conditions within
riparian zones and across watersheds as well as water
quality, stream biota and the quality of breeding bird
habitats. The models developed from these studies
are then applied to the assessment of historical land-
scape change to determine how landscape changes
have affected water resources and bird
habitats. The models are also used to evaluate future
landscape change scenarios being formulated by the
Regional Vulnerability Assessment Program (ReVA).
The work supports the ongoing MAIA Integrated
Assessment in Region 3 and parts of Regions 2 and 4.
The models will also assist Region 3 in targeting
streams most likely to exceed TMDL thresholds for
nutrients and sediment. (NERL)
Landscape Indicators for Mid-Atlantic Coastal
Streams Pesticides Study -This extensive ORD
effort, in collaboration with the USGS, develops
models linking spatial landscape data to pesticide
loadings into first order streams of Mid-Atlantic
Region coastal streams. The project also involves a
probably sample of first order streams to estimate
their physical, chemical and biological condition.
The project fills a significant data gap in stream
monitoring in Regions 3 and 4 and provides a way
to evaluate streams at risk for pesticides. (NERL)
ORD Scientist Participation - ORD scientists take an
active role in Regional science issues. Several scientists
are currently serving on an expert panel that oversees
the development of the Delaware Estuary PCB Model.
This model will be used in TMDL development. Other
ORD scientists are technical advisors to the Region
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on the sediment transport modeling study performed
by EA Engineering, Science and Technology, Inc. as a
component of the Washington NPDES permit. (NERL)
Riverine Biological Integrity Research - ORD has
funded a grant with the University of Tennessee to
determine the economic value of riverine biological
integrity in the Clinch Valley of southwest Virginia
and northeast Tennessee. Researchers have completed
a set of surveys in which valley residents indicated
the kinds of Regional economic trade-offs they would
be willing to make to improve stream biological
quality. Results are being analyzed. (NCEA)
Assessment of 3oqB Reporting Segments of the Ohio
River - ORD and the Ohio River Sanitation Commission
are working together to compare assessments of the
condition offish and macroinvertebrate assemblages.
This information was obtained from a variety of
areas, from sites selected with the EMAP probability
design to those from a long-term intensive monitoring
survey at four navigational pools located in the
upper Ohio River. (NERL)
Nonindigenous Species CNIS) - Per Region request,
ORD coordinated a response from the NIS Working
Group regarding the ecological risks associated with
the exotic Suminoe oyster's introduction into
Chesapeake Bay. A number of Regional NIS issues
have been addressed regarding the Superfund
program. One example includes whether project
managers should put native species requirements
into decision records. (NHEERL)
Aquatic Impacts Study of Mountaintop Mining and
Valley Fill Practices (West Virginia') - ORD assisted
Region 3 in the analysis and interpretation of fish,
macroinvertebrate, water chemistry and habitat
data. This work assisted in evaluating the potential
impacts of mountaintop mining and valley fill
practices on the biological integrity of streams in
West Virginia. (NERL)
Endangered Species Location and Biological Data
Tracking -This effort focuses on securing access to
specific location and biological data of threatened and
endangered species. Known as the multi-jurisdictional
database (MJD), this cooperative effort between EPA
and Region 3 will track the information that currently
resides within State Heritage Programs and other
sources within each individual state. (NRMRL)
North American Landscape Characterization Program
(NALO -This is a multi-agency project with USGS
EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble Landsat
data sets from the early 19705, mid-ipSos and early
19905 to conduct historical landscape change
analyses. The data have and continue to be used in
landscape change analyses being conducted in EPA
Regions 2-10. (NERL)
Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment CMAIA) - ORD,
through MAIA, directly supports a large effort
focused in Region 3, but extending into Regions 2
and 4. ORD and Region 3 share the responsibility for
implementing this program. ORD's leadership in the
northeast National Coastal Assessment Program,
although directed at individual states, is of great
interest to Regions 1, 2 and 3. Regional managers
have been involved in every stage of this effort, from
the initial meetings through data assessment and
reporting. (NHEERL)
Canaan Valley Watershed Management - Restoration
of riparian zones and acid mine drainage remediation
are being applied to stressed watersheds in the
Highlands. ORD is applying fate/transport and
aquatic community models to provide management
input for restoration activities. (NERL)
Cooperative Arsenic Treatment Technology Studies -
The Drinking Water Systems Center, with ORD, NSF
International and the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection (PA-DEP), have announced
cooperative arsenic treatment technology studies.
The ETV testing is expected to begin in early FYO3. It
will include three Pennsylvania community water
systems that have arsenic in their source water
exceeding the new 10 ppb MCL and that appear to be
representative of other small communities. Vendors
committed to participating include ADI International,
Inc., Tetra Process Technologies, Subsidiary of Severn
Trent Services, Water Remediation Technology LLC
(WRT) and Kinetico Incorporated with Alcan
Chemicals. (NRMRL)
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Proposed Whole Effluent Toxicitv Testing Program
Consultation - A state within Region 3 proposed a
whole effluent toxicity-testing program for use in
NPDES permitting. This approach differed from
standard Agency guidance in several respects. ORD
staff reviewed the proposal and provided the Region
with a written evaluation, which emphasized key
points that must be considered in reconciling the
proposed approach with Agency guidance. (NHEERL)
Indicators of Ecological Integrity for the Ohio River -
ORD, in collaboration with ORSANCO, other State
and Federal agencies, and academia are developing
basin-scale multi-metric indices to assess the condition
of the Ohio River based on characteristics of fish and
macroinvertebrate populations. (NERL)
PM Panel Studies ('Baltimore') - ORD's University
Partnership Program (UPAs) utilizes Region-specific
data from California (Region 9), New Jersey (Region
i), Pennsylvania ( region 3), etc. in building modules
for SHEDS. It is also used for developing MENTOR
source-to-dose exposure models. (NERL)
Regional Vulnerability Assessment Program
CReVA~) -Through ORD, the ReVA program assists
environmental managers and stakeholders in
implementing more effective and timely environmental
assessment and management programs by developing
and evaluating techniques to integrate data and
model estimations from multiple sources. This helps:
1.) Assess current vulnerabilities associated with
multiple stresses acting on multiple resources;
2..) Forecast future vulnerabilities; and, 3.) Enable
evaluations of risk management options through
alternative scenarios. Current ReVA data and models
focus on EPA Region 3 and the Albemarle/Pamlico
drainages of Region 4. (NERL)
R-EMAP: Small Watershed Characterization,
Classification and Assessment for West Virginia -
Utilizing EMAP design tools, ORD provided primary
support with experimental design and GIS site selection
for an assessment of small watersheds in West
Virginia. This study will be used to test the improved
National Elevation Dataset Hydrologic Derivatives
(NED-HD) products resulting from its collaboration
with the EROS Data Center (USGS). The new NED-HD
will provide a better hydrologic basis for stream
classification. In addition, an ORD scientist is
developing a watershed classification system and
watershed-based sampling framework for the state
of West Virginia that should support both sosb
reports and 3O3d listings of impaired waters, and
ultimately a combined assessment and listing
process. In past projects, ORD has also worked with
USGS and the Region to delineate the 12-digit HUCs
for their state, which they will receive along with
watershed classes and characteristics. (NHEERL)
Washington Aqueduct Permit Renewal Support-The
ORD provided significant review and input into the
deliberations associated with the renewal of the NPDES
permit for the Washington Aqueduct, the major
drinking water supplier for the District of Columbia.
The results of a Region 3 contractor-prepared study on
the potential impacts of the Washington Aqueduct
on organisms in the Potomac River were criticized by
several external parties. An ORD toxicologist, fisheries
biologists and a sediment modeler readily offered
their services, responding to the quick turnaround
times needed by the Region. Their input proved very
valuable in responding to criticisms, providing a
range of suggestions for improving the permit,
and making it potentially more acceptable to the
concerned parties. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoreqion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early iooos to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2.006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research fEPSCoR') - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 2.0 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government and federal research and
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development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
(NCER)
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models A5sistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing the implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August iooi, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-oi/oos). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on the
principles and concepts produced in the Guide. ORD
customizes the Workshops to address Region-specific
items of interest. Other ORD Pollution Prevention
tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and soi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature exposure
for salmon recovery efforts on the Columbia River
(Region 10); developing plans for the safe ultimate
disposal of caustic soda from a sunken barge
(Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely origin
of bacterial concentration on beaches (Huntington
Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9). Visual Plumes
training courses have been given in Alaska,
California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington. The
models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 3 Support Activities:
• Aided in evaluating a Metro DC microbial
contamination problem and helped to initiate a
remote telemetry project. (NRMRL)
• Conducted Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Workshops to help small businesses convert
environmental ideas, inventions, innovations,
patents and processes into commercial,
environmental technologies. (NCER)
« Provide ongoing EMAP support for MAIA stream
analysis and interaction with five states on survey
design and indicator interpretation. (NHEERL)
• Providing training to Region 3 on the use of
common multivariate ordination methods used in
interpreting biological data. (NERL)
• Currently working with Regional personnel to
design "state-of-the-environment" reports based
on data collected through the National Coastal
Assessment. (NHEERL)
• Transferred key messages from the Mid-Atlantic
Regional Assessment of Global Climate Change to
the Region and States. (NHEERL)
• Transferred key messages, information management
tools and techniques from five years of MAIA
assessments to Region and States. (NHEERL)
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Developing an HPLC method to distinguish the
nonylphenol isomers of greatest concern for
endocrine disruption (EDC) activity. (NERL)
Transferred application of GIS approach to Regions,
States and local governments regarding pesticide
use reduction at Ruggles Golf Course in Aberdeen
Proving Ground, MA. (NHEERL)
Updated State BioAssessment Programs in
Mid-Atlantic Region. (NHEERL)
Transferred state-of-science MAIA activities to
graduate students via MAIA Case Studies Course
at UMBC (ioo2.-present) and Penn (beginning in
2003). (NHEERL)
Transferred state-of-science integrative indicator
of ecosystem condition through existing long-term
monitoring program. Information was related to
expansion of bird community index to Coastal Plain
and Piedmont. (NHEERL)
Working with West Virginia to develop a
multi-metric index for fish to monitor the
biological condition of state streams. (NERL)
Initiated MAIA/STAR pilot to transfer state-of-science
knowledge and products from STAR grant program
to support Program mission. (NHEERL)
• Transferred state-of science knowledge of
landscape ecology in U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region
(Landscape Atlas) to support Program mission.
(NHEERL)
• Transferred results of Mid-Atlantic Estuaries
Assessment to Region and Statesr(NHEERL)
« Transferred results of Maryland Stream Assessment
to Region and States. (NHEERL)
• Transferred state-of-science landscape-level
biological indicator noting how birds indicate the
ecological condition of the Mid-Atlantic highlands.
(NHEERL)
• Transferred results of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands
Streams Assessment to Region and States.
(NHEERL)
• Transferred state-of-the-science statistical methods
regarding "Maryland Agriculture and Your
Watershed."(NHEERL)
• Provided assistance on global change research
papers. (NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Technical Review of Grass Shrimp Toxicitv Final
Report - In Nov/Dec 2.001, Region 4 requested a
review of a Final Report entitled, 'Toxicity, Ovary
Formation, Embryo Production and Embryo
Development Tests in Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes
pugio) Exposed to Sediments from Columbia
Nitrogen and pH Tests on Grass Shrimp and Fish
(Fundulus heteroclitus)."This report serves as the
basis for chronic sublethal toxicity tests for grass
shrimp used at several Superfund sites in the
southeastern U.S. The technical review, encompassing
eight pages of comments, was completed in Jan 2.002
and submitted to the Region for its consideration.
(NHEERL)
Large River Bioassessement and Monitoring
Methods Comparison and Development-This
project will compare the results derived from using
several large river sampling methods that reflect
those in common use for collecting assessment
information on algae, benthic macroinvertebrate and
fish assemblages as well as physical habitat features.
The primary goal has been to provide information
that will enable government agencies or individuals
charged with the bioassessment and monitoring of
large rivers to make informed decisions on the
selection of scientifically robust, yet efficient
methods that meet assessment endpoints. (NERL)
Coral Reef Joint Monitoring Activities (Florida Keys') -
In 2.001 and 2.002., joint monitoring and research
activities were conducted in the Upper and Lower
Florida Keys as well as the Dry Tortugas. Aspects of
the surveys have addressed disease condition and the
relationship of disease occurrence with changes in
water quality. (NHEERL)
Mercury Model Development- Several watersheds
in Georgia have been sampled forTMDL development
by the Region. These data will be used to extend and
test the Mercury Model, which was developed by ORD
and Region 4 for watershed fate and transformation
of mercury species. (NERL)
Technical Consultation Evaluation of Causes of
Major Bird Kill (Lake Apopka, FL) - ORD reviewed a
technical assessment of the possible causes of a
major bird kill where pesticides such as toxaphene
and other chlorinated hydrocarbons from historical
usages were suspected. The incident occurred when
former agricultural fields were flooded, attracting
large numbers of white pelicans and other
aquatic-dependent birds. (NHEERL)
Impervious Cover Research - ORD is developing and
testing an impervious cover indicator by watershed
and then applying the methodology to 12-digit HUCs
(Hydrologic Unit.Codes) in Region 4. An "at-risk
from development" watershed coverage is also being
produced for the Region. (NERL)
Finalizing Wetland Restoration Synoptic Assessment -
ORD continues its work with Region 4 to finalize its
synoptic assessment in prioritizing wetland restoration
for sediment yield reduction. An article was also
co-authored with Region 7 on synoptic assessment to
prioritize wetland protection for biodiversity, which
was published in Biodiversity and Conservation.
(NHEERL)
Exposure Assessment Support for Wasp6 - ORD is
working with the Region on the testing, refinement,
training and support of Wasp6, the Windows-based
version of EPA's standard Water Quality Analysis
Simulation Program. Region/ORD scientists have given
four Wasp6 courses over the past 1+ year at differ-
ent Regional offices (Seattle, Philadelphia and two in
Atlanta). ORD is also working on the sensitivity
analysis on a three-dimensional application of Wasp6
and EFDC to the Neuse River estuary. (NERL)
Evaluating the Fate of Contaminants in Sediments
and Biota of Wetlands Constructed for Wastewater
Treatment - The focus of this study is to evaluate
the assimilative capacity of wetlands constructed for
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dual role wastewater treatment/restored wetland
habitat to chemical stressors entering the system. The
data from this study will be utilized by managers and
stakeholders to evaluate where these dual role systems
are appropriate to use and where these systems are
currently working with no problems. It will also
help evaluate where systems currently in place are
developing potentially long-term contaminant
problems that will negatively impact their suitability
to provide high-quality wetland habitat and effective
wastewater treatment. This study is being conducted
in three regions: North Carolina (Region 4), Missouri
(Region 7), Wyoming (Region 8). (NRMRL)
Watershed Field Research - A cooperative field data
collection project is ongoing in the South Fork Broad
River Watershed in the Savannah River Basin. The
project consists of intensive storm event stream
sampling ORD and Region 4's Science and Ecosystem
Support and Water Management Divisions in Athens
and Atlanta, GA. It will: 1.) develop sampling protocols
to measure the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
of bedload and suspended sediment, nutrients
(nitrate, ammonia, ortho and total phosphorus) and
pathogens (fecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci);
and, 2.) create a comprehensive database to develop,
field test and apply mathematical models and protocols
for calculating the TMDL in this watershed and its
tributaries. In 1998, the State of Georgia listed the
South Fork Broad River Watershed as biologically
impaired (i.e. 3O3(d) list), but the source of
contamination was unknown. Six stream sites have
been instrumented with specialized monitoring
equipment (three sites with cableway systems) for
collecting data before, during and after storm
events. (NERL)
ORD Liaison with the Gulf of Mexico Program - An
ORD scientist serves as the liaison to the Gulf of
Mexico Program. In that capacity, he provides
support activities in Region 4 by:
. Serving as Project Officer for the Gulf of Mexico
program for offshore hydrodynamic and water
quality model development.
• Representing the Gulf program at State and
Federal task forces meetings.
. Participating with U.S. Navy Oceanographic and
Meteorologic operational support unit located at
the Stennis Space Center on joint cooperative work
for model development.
. Serving as lead for nitrogen modeling for the Gulf
Nutrient Task force which has members from
Regions 3, 4 and 6.
• Participating in Gulf comprehensive meetings
which has members from Region 4 and 5.
. Representing the Gulf program for environmental
security issues.
. Representing the Gulf program as member of
NASA's remote imaging environmental program
located at Stennis Space Center. (NERL)
Collaborative Efforts Supporting Hypoxia Action Plan
Goals - On Oct. 3-4, 2002, ORD will host a meeting
with Regions 4, 5, 6 and 7, OW, and GMPO to discuss
development of a consensus modeling framework
and other collaborative efforts targeting Hypoxia
Action Plan goals. These goals include: 1.) reducing
the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone to
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condition and change from Regional to National
scales; i.) Evaluate the relative accuracy of the
new NASA-EOS MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI)
measurements for Regional scale application with
landscape process models (e.g., biogenic emissions);
and, 3.) Advance the development of the next
generation of spatially explicit landscape process-based
models to provide a predictive modeling capability
for important ecosystem processes (e.g., nutrients,
sedimentation, pathogens, etc.). (NERL)
Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment CMAIA") - QRD,
through MAIA, directly supports a large effort
focused in Region 3, but extending into Regions 2
and 4. ORD and Region 3 share the responsibility for
implementing this program. ORD's leadership in the
northeast National Coastal Assessment Program,
although directed at individual states, is of great
interest to Regions 1, 2 and 3. Regional managers
have been involved in every stage of this effort, from
the initial meetings through data assessment and
reporting. (NHEERL)
South Carolina TMDL Case Study - This project
involved development of a first-of-its-kind model
and assessment methodology that produces a map
with probabilities of small watersheds having streams
that exceed TMDL threshold values for Fecal Coliforms.
The result is a powerful statistical approach that can
be used to evaluate probabilities of exceeding TMDL
thresholds across an entire State. It can also be used
to estimate exceedence in unsampled areas. The
study was tested in South Carolina and supports
Region 4's TMDL program. (NERL)
Analytical Tools Interface for Landscape Assessments
(ATtlLA)- Per Region 4's request, ORD has been
developing a user-friendly GIS interface that permits
the Regions and other EPA Offices to calculate a
range of landscape metrics and simple models whose
outputs relate to water and terrestrial resource
conditions. The tool allows the user to conduct these
assessments at multiple scales for many different
type of natural (e.g., ecoregion) and political
(e.g., counties) units. Although developed to support
Region 4 activities, the tools are being widely used
by EPA Regions, other Federal Agencies, States and
Universities (in support of academic studies).
ATtlLA is continually being upgraded to include
new metrics and simple models. (NERL)
Vertical Atmospheric Profile of Mercury Species over
South Florida - Two aircraft sampling campaigns
were conducted in January and June of 2000. These
campaigns: 1.) Evaluated the potential for long-range
transport and deposition of inorganic reactive
gaseous mercury species to South Florida; and,
2.) Identified vertical gradients in the marine-free
troposphere that would suggest a natural mechanism
for the rapid oxidation of elemental gaseous mercury.
The data analysis and meteorological modeling is still
in process. (NERL)
PM Panel Studies in Raleigh - ORD's University
Partnership Program (UPA's) utilizes Region-specific
data from California (Region 9), New Jersey
(Region 2), Pennsylvania (Region 3), etc. in building
modules for SHEDS and for MENTOR source-to-dose
exposure models. (NERL)
Orqanotin Research Support-The State of South
Carolina suspected an organotin manufacturing plant
was responsible for a major fish kill in one of its
streams and the poisoning of a municipal wastewater
treatment plant. ORD applied a new analytical
approach developed in-house (solid-phase extraction
combined with u,-liquid chromatography-electrospray-ion
trap mass spectrometry) to detect both dibutyl- and
tributyl- tin compounds in water and fish from the
affected stream. (NERL)
Assessing Nitrogen Cycling Mechanisms-Through
the assessment of the physical, chemical and biological
mechanisms that impact the effectiveness of riparian
zone restoration practices in southern Appalachia
(western North Carolina), researchers can better
understand the variety of benefits to water quality
and ecosystem health that can be realized. Researchers
are investigating the results of multiple restoration
technologies and practices as they impact the
retention and release of nitrogen in riparian zones.
This project incorporates cost benefit analysis to
establish the water quality and habitat improvements
realized as compared to costs associated with riparian
zone restoration activity costs. (NRMRL)
North American Landscape Characterization
Program fNALC) -This is a multi-agency project
with USGS EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble
Landsat data sets from the early 19705, mid-1980s
and early 19905 to conduct historical landscape
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change analyses. The data have and continue to be
used in landscape change analyses being conducted
in EPA Regions 2-10. (NERL)
Effect of Concentrated Animal Feed Operations
fCAFOS^) on Groundwater Quality - ORD researchers
have been working with Region 4 personnel to
evaluate the impact of swine Concentrated Animal
Feed Operations (CAFOs) on groundwater quality in
Oklahoma. Collaboration on this effort has helped
the Region implement specific enforcement actions
for one of these facilities. It has also allowed access
to information required for assessing environmental
impacts to groundwater and adjacent wetlands.
(NRMRL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoregion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR~) - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government and federal research and
development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers-This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address
Region-specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions- NPDES permit and 3oi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature exposure
for salmon recovery efforts on the Columbia River
(Region 10); developing plans for the safe ultimate
disposal of caustic soda from a sunken barge (Florida,
Region 4); and establishing the likely origin of
bacterial concentration on beaches (Huntington
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Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9). Visual Plumes
training courses have been given in Alaska, California,
Georgia, Oregon and Washington. The models have
been distributed to at least 47 states and 55 countries.
(NERL)
H
Other Region 4 Support Activities:
« Conducted studies in North Carolina homes and
childcare centers on "Children's Total Exposure to
Persistent Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic
Pollutants." (NERL)
• Provided technical assistance in restarting drinking
water treatment plants after a hurricane disaster in
North Carolina. (NRMRL)
• Conducted a collaborative study with the CDC and
Duval County Health Department on "Biological and
Environmental Monitoring for Organophosphate
and Pyrethroid Pesticide Exposures in Children
Living in Jacksonville, FL". (NERL)
• Conducted an agricultural health study securing
measurements from a cohort of 90,000 North
Carolina farmers and families. Work is ongoing
through 2008. (NERL)
• Participated in EMAP workshops, including the
technical transfer of probability-based environmental
monitoring design and data management systems.
(NHEERL)
• Conducted a study of Asmatic Children in Tampa
from September 2002. through December 2002.
(NERL)
• Conducted a field study of the Osmonics
Ozone System for microbial control in drinking
water at a site in Minneapolis, MN. The study was
completed in FYO2. (NRMRL)
• Supported development of volunteer monitoring
program-fat amphibians (NAAMP) and stream-side
salamander monitoring techniques. (NHEERL)
• Conducted research on the "Environmental Risk
and Impact in Communities of Color and
^.Economically Disadvantaged Communities"
(Congressional Earmark). (NERL)
• Transferred information on Web-based inventory
of ecological restoration projects in the Mid-Atlantic
region to Region, States and local governments.
(NHEERL)
• Established projects with the Tennessee Valley
Authority's Environmental Research Center in
Muscle Shoals, AL, to evaluate the ability of TVA's
Reciprocating Wetland system to treat CAFO
wastewater. (NRMRL)
• Assisting the state of Mississippi in the development
of a statewide biomonitoring program for large
rivers. (NERL)
• Provided EMAP support via the Region for
monitoring in Florida. (NHEERL)
• Provided support for ecoregion development.
(NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Great Lakes Nearshore Coastal Wetlands Evaluation
CEmphasis Watershed Environmental Indicator and
Status Development") - This is an Interagency
Agreement with the U.S. Department of Interior/Fish
and Wildlife Service funded by ORD through its
Region 5 R-EMAP Program. The main goals are to:
1.) Develop and test multi-metric indices of biological
integrity for wetland plants, invertebrates and fish
assemblages; and, 2.) Use a probabilistic sampling
approach to assess current condition of biological
integrity of Great Lakes coastal wetlands in Region 5.
ORD scientists are testing nutrient exposure and
response indicators to support the development of
Regional effects-based criteria and refinement of
indicators, development of diagnostic community-level
indicators to support diagnosis of cause of impairment,
and testing of watershed classification systems
to predict probability of impairment to coastal
wetlands. (NHEERL)
Test Protocol/Plan Development- ORD will be
developing test protocol/plans for the evaluation
of commercial-ready point-of-use drinking water
treatment devices. The tests will be conducted at
the NSF International Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Ml.
This effort focuses on homeland security issues and
potential terrorist contamination of water supplies.
(NRMRL)
Regionalization/lndex of Northern Lake and Forests
Biotic Integrity Development-The Northern Lakes
and Forests (NLF) R-EMAP Project was funded by
Region 5 and administered by ORD to develop
indicators of ecological condition for streams in
the NLF ecoregion based on fish and invertebrate
assemblages. Over 100 small- to medium-sized
streams were sampled in northern Michigan, Wisconsin
and Minnesota through collaborative efforts with
Departments of Natural Resources and universities
in those states, as well as the Biological Resource
Division of USGS. Streams were selected from
watersheds that varied in land-use/iand-cover
characteristics so the sites spanned a wide gradient of
human disturbance. Two of the major accomplishments
of this project were to develop indices of biological
integrity for streams in the NLF using both fish and
invertebrates, and to quantify relationships between
watershed character and biological integrity that had
been largely unknown for streams in this ecoregion.
(NHEERL)
Stream Biological Integrity Research ^Central Ohio)-
ORD has funded a grant with Miami University to
determine the economic value of stream biological
integrity in the Big Darby Creek watershed. Researchers
have already completed a survey in which Ohio
residents indicated a willingness to pay for less-
impactful development scenarios. ORD is currently
examining the influence of biological integrity on
real estate values in the watershed. (NCEA)
Regional Methods Initiative: Diagnostic Indicators of
Stream Impairment-The overall goal of this project
is to provide information needed by the States to set
nutrient criteria at a level appropriately protective of
their water bodies' aquatic life uses. ORD will provide
research support through analyses of existing
biological and chemical data. Nutrient criteria
recommendations and diagnostic indicator
evaluation will be done in collaboration with the
Region. (ORD)
ORD/Reqional Briefing fGrosse lie. Ml)- Francis
(Frank) X. Lyons, the Region 5 Administrator, visited
ORD's facility at Grosse He in February 2000. Even
though the facility is operated by and under the
stewardship of ORD, the facility houses three Regional
components which include Superfund, Criminal
Investigations Division and Water Division. The
purpose of Lyons' visit was to obtain an overview of
the projects and activities of the Regional components.
ORD briefed him on the history, organization and
scientific accomplishments of the facility. Lyons was
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particularly interested in the lower Fox River/Green
Bay study and the Lake Michigan Mass Balance
Project (as these are problem-driven studies with
Region 5), the Great Lakes National Program Office,
and states as the primary clients and participants. He
expressed appreciation for past Great Lakes Regional
studies conducted by ORD, such as the Upper Great
Lakes Channel Study/ Detroit River Study with
respect to the Detroit River Remedial Action Plan
and the Assessment and Remediation of
Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Study, among
others. (NHEERL)
Great Lakes Basin Vegetation Change Analysis -This
project includes historical land cover and change
detection methods development and a comprehensive
assessment of landscape changes across the Great Lakes
Basin. This is a "first-of-its-kind" study incorporating
the U.S. and Canadian portions of the Basin and is a
collaborative effort with the Canadian Center for
Remote Sensing. In a Region 5 survey, the project
was the highest priority regarding landscape analysis.
The results will help the Region and the Great Lakes
Program Office evaluate the magnitude and direction
of landscape change going on across the Basin and
help interpret risks of observed change on water
resource conditions. (NERL)
Great Lakes Regional Fact-Finding Visit- Per request
from Region 5 and the Great Lakes National Program
Office, ORD participated in a Great Lakes briefing for
U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich) in August
2001. Several local, Federal, State and private groups
were involved including the Coast Guard, Army
Corps, Fish and Wildlife Service, Sea Grant, Great
Lakes Commission and the Detroit River American
Heritage Navigator. The briefing took place on a
Coast Guard vessel tour of the upper Detroit River
and Lake St. Clair. General summary statements of
missions were provided from four EPA groups at
Grosse He along with an overview of the expertise
and experience with the Detroit River and/or Lake
St. Clair. Also included was an update of progress on
PCBs, atrazine and mercury modeling for the Lake
Michigan Mass Balance Study. (NHEERL)
State of the St. Joseph's Watershed Conference -The
St. Joseph's River is the largest tributary contributor
of atrazine to Lake Michigan. ORD presented results of
its Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study for suspended
solids, phosphorus, nitrate, PCBs, mercury and atrazine.
The presentation focused on atrazine data, atrazine
modeling, modeling forecasts and ramifications
based upon EPA effects thresholds. Results suggest
that atrazine will continue to increase in Lake
Michigan and reach steady-state in approximately
200 years. Present and forecasted conditions fall
considerably below present EPA draft criteria and
effects thresholds. (NHEERL)
Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan CLaMP') -
ORD has been working with Region 5; the Great Lakes
National Program Office; the States of Michigan,
Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana; the First Nations,
other Federal groups and the public and private
sectors to complete the Lake Michigan LaMP. The
LaMP for each of the five Great Lakes are updated
every two years. These documents serve as an update
of status, tracking, progress and new initiatives in the
Lake Michigan ecosystem. The Executive Summary
(approx. 100 pp.) is being published and further
discussion and text is being provided in appendices,
which will be posted on the Region 5 Web site.
Contributions to the Executive Summary and
Appendices by ORD include the mass balance of
atrazine and PCBs and forecasts of future conditions
under differing remedial/regulatory scenarios.
(NHEERL)
Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands-This project's aim
is to develop remote sensing and spatial analysis
methods using new remote sensing imagery to
detect the presence and potential impact of invasive
exotic species in ecologically sensitive Great Lakes
Coastal Wetlands. This project directly supports
Region s's needs. (NERL)
Lake Michigan Regional Case Study -This study is
being coordinated with the Lake Michigan Lakewide
Area Management Plan (LAMP) process and Lake
Michigan Monitoring Coordination Council, both of
which also have strong input from Region 5. Under
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the Aquatic Stressors Framework, this study will
provide a classification and monitoring framework
for the basin to support consolidated assessment and
listing (Section 3osb and sosd reports) and the
TMDL process. (NHEERL)
Mercury Air Emissions from the Olin Chlor-Alkali
Plant -This project was coordinated by Region 5 and
included ORD researchers. ORD measured inorganic
reactive gaseous mercury species being emitted from
the cell building, monitored ambient mercury species
at "upwind" and "downwind" locations, and modeled
the near-field atmospheric mercury deposition
contribution from the plant. (NERL)
Collaborative Efforts Supporting Hypoxia Action Plan
Goals - On Oct. 3-4, 2002, ORD will host a meeting
with Regions 4, 5, 6 and 7, OW, and GMPO to
discuss development of a consensus modeling
framework and other collaborative efforts targeting
Hypoxia Action Plan goals. These goals include:
1.) reducing the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone to
- EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities, industry,
government and federal research and development.
ORD funds EPSCoR programs in Alabama, Alaska,
Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico. (NCER)
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
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ReqioN 5 Siie Supponr
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and soi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfalrstructures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature
exposure for salmon recovery efforts on the
Columbia River (Region 10); developing plans for the
safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda from a sunken
barge (Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely
origin of bacterial concentration on beaches
(Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9).
Visual Plumes training courses have been given in
Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.
The models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and ss countries. (NERL)
Other Region 5 Support Activities:
• Provided a briefing to Regional staff involved in
implementing the new arsenic MCL. Also participated
in the certification of treatment plant operators by
providing expertise at recent training courses.
(NRMRL)
• Conducted a study on "Children's Total Exposure to
Persistent Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic
Pollutants" in homes and childcare centers in Ohio.
(NERL)
• Working with Region to assemble Regional
ecosystem data and develop a classification system.
This also includes development of community-level
diagnostic indicators related to nutrient impairments
in streams to support the creation of Regional
nutrient criteria. (NHEERL)
• Currently participating in a joint project with the
Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD)
pertaining to Progress Indicators and End Points to
Guide Urban Stream Restoration Efforts. The
NEORSD is leveraging ORD funding with 319
funding from Ohio EPA to develop guidelines.
(NRMRL)
• Reviewed and provided technical guidance on a
field study measuring a bioaccumulation factor for
benzo[a]pyrene submitted by a regulated party for
a site-specific NPDES permit. (NHEERL)
• Coordinating efforts with Region and the Indiana
Department of Environmental Monitoring (IDEM)
to conduct package plant technology evaluations
on various water supplies contaminated with low
concentrations of MTBE. A possible demonstration
site (Elementary School) has been identified in
Southwestern Indiana. (NRMRL)
« Provided technical guidance on how to perform
TIE to determine the cause of the White River fish
kill. Reviewed analytical results and data provided
by the State to the Region for the Region's staff.
(NHEERL)
• Interpreted historical AVS and metals data,
conducted chemical analysis, reported and
interpreted AVS/SEM concentrations in Tuscarawus
River sediment samples collected by the PPG
Barberton Ohio facility. (NHEERL)
• Conducting a field evaluation of the Polymem
UF 120 S2. Ultrafiltration Membrane Module for
particulate and microbial control in drinking water
at a site in Green Bay, Wl. Completion expected in
mid FY03. (NRMRL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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U.b. tHA: UthCf Ol KtSFARCH & UI.VEIOplWtM
OrheR ReqioN 6 SITE SuppoRT
ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Cumulative Risk Workshop - ORD's Cumulative
Risk Team has been working with Regional staff to
develop.an agenda and plan for an ORD/Regions
Cumulative Risk Workshop. The workshop will take
place in the Region 6 office in Dallas, TX, November
4-8, 2002. Highlights will include technical talks,
the identification of cumulative risk assessment
research needs, and the establishment of ORD-Region
workgroups to continue interactions beyond
November. It will also document the Regions'
perspectives on the toxicity of chemical mixtures
and cumulative risk. (NCEA)
Protocols and Decision Support Tool Development
for Assessing Watershed System Assimilative Capacity
(SAO - The focus of this effort, which supports risk-
based ecosystem management/restoration practices,
is to evaluate the assimilative capacity of a large
reservoir system to an array of commonly encountered
stressors potentially impacting the system. The data
will be utilized in the development of a Decision
Support System that may be used as a model for
managing large reservoir type systems. This would
allow managers and stakeholders to balance the
desired goods and services from these systems with
the potentially increasing stresses impacting the
system. (NRMRL)
Small Water System Modular Plant Concept- ORD
initiated communications with a small utility in
South Texas and Region 6 to discuss a proposed
small water system modular (SWSM) plant concept.
This innovative approach can improve performance
and reliability while reducing the cost of operating
small water systems. The SWSM approach will be
demonstrated in the Region. (NRMRL)
Sediment Toxicitv Test Methods Using Bivalve Mulinia
Lateralis-Technical refinements of the Mulinia
io-day acute sediment toxicity test, previously
developed by Region 6, are underway in support of
Region 6 requests to address shortcomings in the
practical application of this methodrln-addition,
ORD is developing SOPs for the laboratory culture of
Mulinia and standardized brood stock sources that
will lead to Region 6-sponsored round-robin test
method evaluations. The Biological Advisory
Committee has provided additional support for this
activity. This project was requested directly by
Region 6 as part of the BAC process. (NHEERL)
ORD Liaison with the Gulf of Mexico Program - An
ORD scientist serves as the ORD Liaison to the Gulf
of Mexico Program. In that capacity, he provides
support activities in Regions 6 by:
• Representing the Gulf program at State and
Federal task forces meetings
« Representing the Gulf program on Louisiana
Coastal Assessment
• Serving on the University of Alabama's technical
advisory board for national estuary program
(Mobile Bay)
• Participating with U.S. Navy Oceanographic and
Meteorologic operational support unit located at
the Stennis Space Center on joint cooperative work
for model development
• Serving as lead for nitrogen modeling for the Gulf
Nutrient Task force which has members from
Regions 3, 4 and 6
• Interacting with Corps of Engineers New Orleans
district on model development
• Representing the Gulf program for environmental
security issues
• Serving as panel member for NOAA on hypoxia
reduction - Region 6
• Representing the Gulf program as member of
NASA's remote imaging environmental program
located at Stennis Space Center. (NERL)
EMAP Tech Transfer Workshop - In June iooz,
Region 6 hosted an EMAP Tech Transfer Workshop
in Dallas, which was attended by State environmental
protection agency representatives from TX, LA, OK,
AR and Region 6 staff. ORD led the tech transfer
discussions, bridging the gap between the conceptual
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U.S. EPA: Offkt of KistARrh &
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design of State monitoring programs and the practical
implementation and use of the data collected to:
1.) Improve 305(6) reporting on the condition of
coastal waters; 2.) Assess the condition of coastal
waters over time to examine the success of
environmental management; and, 3.) Identify waters
at risk and stressors of concern. Region 6 continues
to support EMAP efforts to help States improve
305(6) reporting. (NHEERL)
Tensas River Basin Landscape Assessment - A
landscape assessment of ecological condition was
applied to the Tensas River Basin located in
Louisiana. This study used landscape metrics through
GIS and remote sensing data to evaluate ecological
conditions and to locate areas of bottomland
hardwood forest for restoration. (NERL)
White River Basin Ecological and Habitat Vulnerability
Assessment- Landscape metrics are being applied to
the White River Basin with a special emphasis on
reviewing landscape changes and how those changes
could affect wildlife habitat. Changes could include
man-made conversions to the riverbed. (NERL)
Collaborative Efforts Supporting Hypoxia Action Plan
Goals - On Oct. 3-4, 2002, ORD will host a meeting
with Regions 4, 5, 6 and 7, OW, and GMPO to
discuss development of a consensus modeling
framework and other collaborative efforts targeting
Hypoxia Action Plan goals. These goals include:
1.) reducing the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone to
<5ooo square kilometers by year 2015; 2.) restoring
and protecting the waters of the 31 States and
Tribal lands within the Mississippi River Basin; and
3.) improving the communities and economic
conditions across the Basin. The Hypoxia Action Plan
was developed by an Interagency Task Force based
on findings of the CENR Integrated Assessment of
Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico as mandated
by Public Law 105-383. OWOW serves as the Chair of
the Federal Task Force charged with implementation
of the Hypoxia Action Plan. (NHEERL)
North American Landscape Characterization Program
(NALO-This-is a multi-agency project with USGS
EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble Landsat
data sets from the early 19705, mid-1980s, and early
19905 to conduct historical landscape change analyses.
The data~have and continue to^be used in landscape
change analyses being conducted in EPA Regions
2-10. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoreqion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research fEPSCoR~) - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states'universities, industry,
government, and federal research and development.
ORD funds EPSCoR programs in Alabama, Alaska,
Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
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U.b. tt'A: UiriCI Ol KfStAIKH fa Ut-VHOpMfM
ReqioN 6 SJTE SuppORT
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/62.s/R-oi/oos). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and 3Oi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature
exposure for salmon recovery efforts on the
Columbia River (Region 10); developing plans for the
safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda from a sunken
barge (Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely
origin of bacterial concentration on beaches
(Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9).
Visual Plumes training courses have been given in
Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.
The models have been distributed to at least 47
states and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 6 Support Activities:
• Provided assistance in the form of treatment
expertise on the control of arsenic and how it
would impact the recently revised MCL. (NRMRL)
• Provided EMAP support to Region 6 and States for
data analysis workshop for streams and estuaries.
(NHEERL)
• Provided support via the Region for ecoregional
development in Texas. (NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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U.S. EPA: Offio of Rt-st-Aitch & DmlopiwuMi
OrlfER ReqioN 7 SITE Support!
ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Measuring Status and Trends of Biologic Resources
in Kansas Streams Using EMAP Probability-Based
Sampling :Design - This was a collaborative effort
among Region 7, ORD, Kansas Biological Survey,
Central Plains Center for BioAssessment, Kansas
Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas
Department of Health and Environment and Fort
Hays State University. Specific objectives were to
collect data to measure the status of biologic
integrity and riparian and habitat quality of the
state's stream resources; measure spatial and
temporal changes; determine differences between
fish communities; test; and refine the IBI for fish
communities in Kansas streams. This project has
been completed and the final report was accepted
in March iooi. (NHEERL)
Small-Community Wastewater Treatment Systems
Projects - ORD established several joint projects
pertaining to small-community wastewater treatment
systems. "Advanced Monitoring of Constructed
Wetlands Performance in Nebraska," was conducted
with the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and
"Application of Biological Aerated Filters to Meet
NPDES Ammonia Limits for Small Communities,"
was conducted with Iowa State University. (NRMRL)
Platte River Water Supply Conflict Resolution
Strategies - ORD has funded a grant with the
University of Nebraska to help determine strategies
to resolve conflicts over the supply of water to meet
the needs of endangered and other species in the
Platte River. Researchers surveyed the public in WY,
CO and NE to determine interest group knowledge
and preferences. They used game theory to devise
policy solutions that would have the greatest likelihood
of success. The final report is available. (NCEA)
Review of Proposed Site-Specific Water Quality
Criterion for Ammonia - A municipal discharger
conducted an extensive laboratory and field study in
support of applying for a site-specific adjustment to
the applicable water quality criterion for ammonia.
ORD reviewed the stadies~and~provided comments
and suggestions to the Region. (NHEERL)
Implementing Probability-Based Monitoring Design
Within Nebraska's Rotating Basin Assessment Plan -
This project was established through a cooperative
agreement between Region 7 and the Nebraska
Department of Environmental Quality. The purpose
is to investigate the applicability of both the EMAP
probabilistic sampling design and the Region 7 R-
EMAP sampling and analytical methodologies to
assess the status and detect changes of various
stream resource parameters. The questions to be
answered include: what are the status and changes
of fish biological integrity; what are the status
and changes of water, sediment, and fish tissue
contamination in these basins and eco-regions; and,
what are the status and changes of the riparian
corridor habitats in these corridors? The final report
is expected April 2003. (NHEERL)
Evaluating the Fate of Contaminants in Sediments
and Biota of Wetlands Constructed for Wastewater
Treatment - The focus of this study is to evaluate
the assimilative capacity of wetlands constructed for
dual role wastewater treatment/restored wetland
habitat to chemical stressors entering the system.
The data from this study will be utilized by managers
and stakeholders to evaluate where these dual role
systems are appropriate to use and where these
systems are currently working with no problems. It
will also help evaluate where systems currently
in place are developing potentially long-term
contaminant problems that will negatively impact
their suitability to provide high-quality wetland
habitat and effective wastewater treatment.
This study is being conducted in three regions:
North Carolina (Region 4), Missouri (Region 7),
Wyoming (Region 8). (NRMRL)
Collaborative Efforts Supporting Hvpoxia Action Plan
Goals - On Oct. 3-4, iooi, ORD will host a meeting
with Regions 4, 5, 6 and 7, OW, and GMPO to
discuss development of a consensus modeling
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U.S. bPA: Oflio ot KtseARch & UfVFlopiwuvi
7 SiiE SuppoRT
framework and other collaborative efforts targeting
Hypoxia Action Plan goals. These goals include:
1.) reducing the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone to
<5ooo square kilometers by year 2015; a..) restoring
and protecting the waters of the 31 States and
Tribal lands within the Mississippi River Basin; and
3.) improving the communities and economic
conditions across the Basin. The Hypoxia Action Plan
was developed by an Interagency Task Force based
on findings of the CENR Integrated Assessment of
Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico as mandated
by Public Law 105-383. OWOW serves as the Chair of
the Federal Task Force charged with implementation
of the Hypoxia Action Plan. (NHEERL)
North American Landscape Characterization
Program f NALC) - This is a multi-agency project
with USGS EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble
Landsat data sets from the early 1970$, mid-1980s
and early 19905 to conduct historical landscape
change analyses. The data have and continue to be
used in landscape change analyses being conducted
in EPA Regions 2-10. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoreqion - This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research fEPSCoR) - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government, and federal research and
development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers - This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions- NPDES permit and 3Oi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
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U.S. EPA: Ollio of RISIAR(!H &
ReqioN 7 Sire SuppORT
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing back-
ground tidal pollutant buildup of concentration
in a tidal estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3);
establishing Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced
water guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature
exposure for salmon recovery efforts on the
Columbia River (Region 10); developing plans for the
safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda from a sunken
barge (Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely
origin of bacterial concentration on beaches
(Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9).
Visual Plumes training courses have been given in
Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.
The models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 7 Support Activities:
• Participated in a recent Region workshop on
water treatment and distribution system
problems. (NRMRL)
• Conducted an agricultural health study collecting
measurements from a cohort of 90,000 farmers
and families in Iowa. The project is ongoing
through 2008. (NERL)
• Provided EMAP support to Region for biocriteria,
habitat indicators and analysis of four State survey
results. (NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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U.S. EPA: Offici of
& DFVE|O|>MIM
ReqioN 8 SiiE SuppoRT
ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research products,
evaluation of the utility of specific technologies at
specific locations, and expert testimony in legal
proceedings. The following are some examples of
ORD technical assistance in your Region.
Aquatic Ecological Analysis - ORD conducted an
initial data analysis for its project entitled, "Linkages
between aquatic ecological assessments conducted at
different levels of biological organization: individual,
population, and community." The project utilized a
data set from a R-EMAP study conducted in the
metal mining belt of the Southern Rockies ecoregion
in Colorado. It compared community metrics for
macroinvertebrates and fish between sites in the
data set that exceeded water or sediment quality
criteria for Cd, Cu, Pb or Zn or exhibited toxicity in
surface water or sediment bioassays, and sites that
did not exceed metals criteria or exhibit toxicity. The
analysis found a number of community metrics, which
are community-level measurement endpoints, that
were significantly reduced at the sites identified as
impacted based on criteria or toxicity testing, which
are individual-level measurement endpoints. (NCEA)
Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program rEMAP~) - ORD, in collaboration with
Regions 9,10 and 8, helped design the EMAP
Western Pilot. It supports those Regional offices
and States for monitoring design, analysis, indicator
evaluation and reference conditions via EMAP-West.
It provides support to Regional bioassessment
workgroups and co-authored the Field Operations
Manual for Streams Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program Surface Waters: Western Pilot
Study Field Operations Manual for Wadeable Streams.
It also provided expert assistance in indicators for
fish, fish tissue and macroinvertebrates. For the fish
tissue contaminant indicator, ORD is analyzing 11
inorganic contaminants, 2a organic contaminants and
ii congeners of PCBs (three toxic coplanar compounds)
in two target fish categories and assisting in the
assessment of the results. (NERL/NHEERL)
R-EMAP: Biological Integrity Evaluation of Tributary
Streams and Floddplain Wetlands feastern Montana
portion of Upper Missouri River Basing - ORD is
providing oversight of this Region 8 study, which
addresses the need to determine the condition of
prairie streams in eastern Montana which are tributaries
to the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. Working
with the USGS division of Biological Resources at the
Cooperative Research Unit at Montana State
University, Indices of Biological Integrity are being
developed and traditional EMAP assessment methods
are being applied, which will aid the State of
Montana in its sosb and sosd programs. (NHEERL)
Methylmercurv Source Characterization and Risk
("Cheyenne River Sioux Tribal Lands') - ORD is assisting
Region 8 with biological sampling of algae and fishes.
It is applying the Mercury Model to evaluate
watershed loadings and transformation of mercury
responsible for elevated levels (of human health
concern) of MeHg in managed ponds and lakes.
(NERL)
Upper Missouri River Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program -This ORD project will provide
unbiased, statistically sound and policy-relevant
assessments of the ecological condition of the nation's
Great Rivers. The project employs a probabilistic
design that produces unbiased estimates of resource
conditions with a known level of statistical confidence.
Goals include: development and testing of sampling
designs for monitoring great river resources;
and provisioning of data to Region 8 and other
stakeholders to help inform decision-making for
404 permitting, 3os(b) reporting, NEPA and TMDL
development. Beginning in 2.000, pilot research
identified sample populations in the river, riparian
and reservoir; examined sources of sampling variation
in indicators; evaluated sampling protocols; and
worked on field logistics to eventually produce the
first detailed report on the condition of the Upper
Missouri's critical natural resources. (NHEERL)
Review of Proposed Water Quality Standard for
Manganese - A State within Region 8 had proposed
a water quality standard for manganese based on a
large toxicity data set. At the Region's request, ORD
staff reviewed the derivation on the standard and
provided a technical review of the comparability of
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ReqioN 8 S!TE SuppoRT
the standard with EPA's national approach to
developing water quality criteria. (NHEERL)
Indoor Air Methods Development -This task originated
as a request from the Regional Administrator for
Region 8 in October, 2000, for review of a monitoring
method used by the Colorado Department of Public
Health and the Environment (CDPHE). QRD
reviewed the CDPHE method and is developing EPA
guidance on methods to determine the concentration
of toxic vapors in buildings near contaminated
groundwater. A written guidance is being prepared
in response to the request with an emphasis on more
sensitive vapor detection. This same guidance will be
extended for application to the target compound list
for the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA)
program, a trends network of interest to many of
the EPA Regions. (NERL)
R-EMAP: Biological Integrity Evaluation of Floodplain
Wetlands ("North Dakota portion of the Upper
Missouri River Basin') - ORD is providing oversight of
this Region 8 R-EMAP study. It addresses the need to
determine the condition of floodplain wetlands that
are hydrologically connected to the Missouri River
below the Garrison Dam in North Dakota. Efforts
with the North Dakota Department of Health and
the USGS Division of Biological Resources at the
Cooperative Research Unit at South Dakota State
University are focused on developing Indices of
• Biological Integrity, which will aid the State of North
Dakota in its ability to assess the condition of these
wetlands and make management decisions. (NHEERL)
Giving Science to the Regions - ORD STAR grantee
Charles Hawkins at Utah State University is working
directly with Region 8 to establish an extensive
network of stream reference sites throughout the
country. Region 8 has been collecting data in South
Dakota, Colorado, and Montana in support of this
effort. The expected outcome of this project will lead
to the development of a national aquatic ecosystem
classification for stream reference conditions. It will
also allow for a more accurate and comparable
evaluation of the biological health of aquatic
systems across the country. Because of its interest,
Region 8 requested ORD hold its upcoming Progress
Review Workshop on Aquatic Ecosystem Classification
at its Regional office. Dr. Hawkins will present at
this meeting and stay to talk to Regional staff and
management about his work using his data to predict
the distribution of aquatic insects in southern Rocky
Mountain streams. As a result of his extraordinary
interaction with Region 8, the Office of Water decided
it also needed to get involved with Dr. Hawkins'
work. As a result, Region 8, OW and OST decided to
fund the Western Regional Bioassessment Center at
Utah State University to facilitate and improve
interagency coordination with respect to western
bioassessments. The Center will conduct research
that is relevant to the Regions and offer technical
assistance to States and Tribes. (NCER)
Consultation on the Evaluation of Potential
Ecological Risk from Coalbed Methane Produced
Water- Within Region 8, expanding development of
coalbed methane resources required an assessment
of the potential ecological effects from surface
discharge of co-produced waters. ORD provided
consultation on the toxicological effects of exposure
to waters with high salt content, aiding the Region
and State in developing a scientifically sound
assessment of potential ecological risk. (NHEERL)
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Landscape
Assessment of the Western U.S. - Landscape
assessments of ecological condition at many scales
will be part of a combined study between ORD, EPA
Regions, States and Tribes. Landscape metrics will be
tested for use as landscape indicators. Indicators will
be applied to complete ecological assessments of
watersheds, States and Regions concluding with a
west-wide assessment of condition (EPA Regions 8, 9
and 10). (NERL/NHEERL)
Evaluating the Fate of Contaminants in Sediments
and Biota of Wetlands Constructed for Wastewater
Treatment - The focus of this study is to evaluate
the assimilative capacity of wetlands constructed for
dual role wastewater treatment/restored wetland
habitat to chemical stressors entering the system.
The data from this study will be utilized by managers
and stakeholders to evaluate where these dual role
systems are appropriate to use and where these
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systems are currently working with no problems. It will
also help evaluate where systems currently in place
are developing potentially long-term contaminant
problems that will negatively impact their suitability
to provide high-quality wetland habitat and effective
wastewater treatment. This study is being conducted
in three regions: North Carolina (Region 4), Missouri
(Region 7), Wyoming (Region 8). (NRMRL)
North American Landscape Characterization
Program fNALO -This is a multi-agency project
with USGS EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble
Landsat data sets from the early 19705, mid-1980s
and early 19905 to conduct historical landscape
change analyses. The data have and continue to be
used in landscape change analyses being conducted
in EPA Regions 2 -10. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoregion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research CEPSCoR')- EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government, and federal research and
development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
(NCER)
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Qualrtv Models Assistance- ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three Regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and 3oi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power
plant, San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background
tidal pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal
estuary (Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water
guidelines (Region 9); predicting temperature
exposure for salmon recovery efforts on the
Columbia River (Region 10); developing plans for the
safe ultimate disposal of caustic soda from a sunken
barge (Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely
origin of bacterial concentration on beaches
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(Huntington Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9).
Visual Plumes training courses have been given in
Alaska, California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington.
The models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 8 Support Activities:
. Provided technical assistance on a recent
water-borne disease outbreak in Wyoming, as
well as consultation on a riverbank filtration
project in Casper, WY. (NRMRL)
• Participated in a project to develop guidance
on the application of bag and cartridge filtration
technologies for small system compliance with
the LTiESWTR. (NRMRL)
« Conducted Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Workshops to help small businesses convert
environmental ideas, inventions, innovations,
patents and processes into commercial, environ-
mental technologies. (NCER)
Responded to request to evaluate invasive species
issues in a BLM Programmatic DEIS notice on
vegetative treatment in the Western U.S. (NHEERL)
Collaborated with Regional staff to develop a
handbook entitled, "Small Drinking Water System
Handbook - A Guide to "Packaged" Filtration and
Disinfection Technologies with Remote Monitoring
and Control Tools." (NRMRL)
Provided support for ecoregion development.
(NHEERL)
Working with Region to develop a special SBIR
solicitation, scheduled to open in March 2003,
geared toward their needs. (NCER)
Participated in workshop with Region 8 personnel
on managing cumulative impacts to wetlands.
(NHEERL)
Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research
products, evaluation of the utility of specific
technologies at specific locations, and expert
testimony in legal proceedings. The following are
some examples of ORD technical assistance in
your Region.
Great Basin Ecosystem Management CGBE/W) Project
for Maintaining and Restoring Riparian Ecosystem
Integrity- ORD's GBEM research team is examining
the potential use of stream and riparian ecosystem
restoration and management practices to slow the
rate of channel incision and the loss of the meadow
complexes. The development of viable restoration
programs requires a sound understanding of the
interactions between the geomorphic, hydrologic
and biotic processes operating along the riparian
corridors. The primary objective of this investigation
is to build on existing data to fully define these
interactions. Once this objective has been accomplished,
the results are to be used to develop management
options that can be applied to mitigate the current
impacts of channel incision on the riparian ecosystems,
particularly those within wet meadow complexes for
this site near Austin, NV, as well as other similar
areas. (NRMRL)
Water Quality Evaluation - ORD is coordinating
with a small community and the Region to evaluate
the water treatment disinfectant process to destroy
and/or inactivate pathogenic organisms. This study
will evaluate subsequent water quality problems
associated with chloramination in a distribution
system. (NRMRL)
STAR Grant Research - ORD's STAR grantee, Dr.
Susan Anderson, at the Western Center for Estuarine
Indicator Research, is holding monthly conference
calls with Region 9 staff. Region 9 has provided
input to this STAR project that has complemented
and supplemented the research. According to the
Region 9 Regional Scientist, this collaborative
approach will result in projects that further the
science and directly benefit Region 9. (NCER)
Source Signature Development - ORD is conducting
an aircraft engine test to develop a source signature,
The source signature will be used by a modeler selected
by Region 9 to conduct an analysis of emissions at
Los Angeles International airport. (NRMRL)
Survey Design Development - Working with Region
9 (Monitoring and Assessment Office) and State of
Hawaii representatives, ORD developed a survey
design to assess the condition of Hawaiian coastal
waters. The 2.001 survey design was completed in
March 2001 and a follow-up design for 2002 was
completed August 1. (NHEERL)
Gasoline Health and Exposure Studies - ORD is
involved in an ongoing evaluation of legally required
health and exposure studies on baseline gasoline and
oxygenated gasolines (with MTBE, ethanol, ETBE,
TAME, DIPE, and TBA). After these studies are
completed, a health assessment document will be
prepared. (NCEA)
Verification Testing of the US Filter
ORD
testing of this microfiltration package unit will be
conducted at the Aqua 2.000 Research Center in
San Diego, CA. Additional membrane products may
be evaluated at the site later in FYos. (NRMRL)
Incorporating Mvsid Two-Generation Bioassay into
Monitoring Activities - Discussions are underway
between ORD and Region 9'$ Regional Science
Liaison regarding protocols for the marine mysid,
Americamysis bahia, two-generation bioassay. The
development of this bioassay has provided important
tools for examining multi-generational effects of
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive
success in marine invertebrates. Region 9 has
received several inquiries from California State
agencies concerned about EDCs in their waters.
Current discussions focus on the technical feasibility
of incorporating this test methodology into existing
State monitoring activities. (NHEERL)
Drinking Water Field Studies- ORD conducted field
studies on two UV microbial inactivation technologies
for drinking water in FYoi at the Aqua 2.000
Research Center in San Diego, CA. The systems
tested were: 1.) Trojan Technologies, Inc., UVSwift
Ultraviolet System Model 4L12.; and 2..) Atlantic
Ultraviolet Corporation Megatron Unit, Model
M250. (NRMRL)
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Perchlorate Measurement Development- ORD is
developing a portable method to measure perchlorate
in water. This method will be used by Tribal
governments to detect and measure the levels of
perchlorate in sources of potable water. (NERL)
Selenium Toxicitv Support - Region 9 is entering
into negotiations with the US FWS to set the water
quality standard for selenium. It is working diligently
to gather background materials and understand the
issues, controversies and concerns. ORD has been
working on updating the selenium water quality
criteria for the past five years. (NHEERL)
Ecoreqion Development- Fine scale ecoregion
boundaries are being developed for the western states
of Nevada, California, Arizona and Hawaii (Region 9).
These CIS layers are important for landscape
assessment and to help characterize ecosystems.
The Omernick approach to ecoregion boundary
development is being used for this project. (NERL)
Development of Sediment Quality Guideline
Development Consultation - ORD was approached
by Region 9 for assistance in the development of
sediment quality guidelines for DDT and metabolites.
Endpoints of concern were primarily effects on
avian species. Staff applied their knowledge of
bioaccumulation and effects to aid the Region in
developing a scientifically defensible assessment
approach. (NHEERL)
Ranqeland Assessment for the South Fork Band of
theTeMoak Western Shoeshone Tribe - ORD is
developing rangeland landscape indicators of
ecological condition using indicators developed as
part of the Western EMAP Landscapes Group. The
Tribe will use this assessment information to develop
a rangeland restoration program. This work also
includes the continued environmental technical
support to the South Fork Band (Region 9). (NERL)
Testing Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals CEDCsl in
Effluents - ORD has participated in a series of
Regional consultations concerning methods for
monitoring the occurrence of EDCs in municipal
effluents. This ongoing effort has focused primarily
on municipalities in California (e.g., Sacramento)
that recycle a high percentage of their wastewater
for subsequent consumption. (NHEERL)
North American Landscape Characterization
Program CNALO -This is a multi-agency project
with USGS EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble
Landsat data sets from the early 19705, mid-1980s
and early 19905 to conduct historical landscape
change analyses. The data have and continue to be
used in landscape change analyses being conducted
in EPA Regions 2-10. (NERL)
Risk Assessment to Piscivorous Wildlife from Methyl
Mercury ('California') - ORD reviewed two technical
risk assessments of piscivorous birds from methyl
mercury in diets from Clear Lake and Cache Creek
watershed in California. Both assessments were
developing technical basis for setting mercury
criteria values. (NHEERL)
Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment-A
joint effort between ORD and the Agricultural
Research Service in Tucson, AZ, this project was
initiated to develop a GIS-based, landscape assess-
ment tool to evaluate the consequences of land
cover change on stream flow and sedimentation.
Although the results of the project will support
Region 9's TMDL program, the software tool should
prove valuable to a number of EPA Regions conducting
TMDL assessments. Additionally, because the tool
utilizes the SWAT model, the results may help
augment the capabilities of the BASINSs developed
by the EPA Office of Water. (NERL)
PM Panel Studies (Fresno, CA) - ORD's University
Partnership Program (UPAs) utilizes Region-specific
data from California (Region 9), New Jersey (Region 2),
Pennsylvania (Region 3), etc. in building modules for
SHEDS and for MENTOR source-to-dose exposure
models. (NERL)
Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) - ORD, in collaboration with
Regions 9, 10 and 8, helped design the EMAP
Western Pilot. It supports those Regional offices
and States for monitoring design, analysis, indicator
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evaluation and reference conditions via EMAP-West.
It provides support to Regional bioassessment
workgroups and co-authored the Field Operations
Manual for Streams Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program Surface Waters: Western Pilot
Study Field Operations Manual for Wadeable Streams.
It also provided expert assistance in indicators for
fish, fish tissue and macroinvertebrates. For the fish
tissue contaminant indicator, ORD is analyzing 11
inorganic contaminants, 22 organic contaminants and 22
congeners of PCBs (three toxic coplanar compounds)
in two target fish categories and assisting in the
assessment of the results. (NERL/NHEERL))
Training in the Use of State-of-the-Art Molecular
Biology Techniques - Per Region 9 request, ORD
prepared and taught a training course to Regional
scientists on the use of state-of-the-art molecular
biology methods. These methods take advantage
of the advances in genome science and provide
indicators of cellular changes in relation to exposures
of fish to specific contaminants. (NERL)
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoreqion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research ('EPSCoR')- EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government, and federal research and
development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on.display. (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer Seminars - ORD will sponsor
three Regional Technology Transfer Seminars on the
intrusion of vapors from soil or groundwater sources
into indoor air. The seminars will introduce new EPA
guidance and provide state-of-the-science information
about important technical issues to regulators and
decision-makers. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and 3Oi(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
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new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power plant,
San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background tidal
pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal estuary
(Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing Outer
Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water guidelines
(Region 9); predicting temperature exposure for
salmon recovery efforts on the Columbia River
(Region 10); developing plans for the safe ultimate
disposal of caustic soda from a sunken barge
(Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely origin
of bacterial concentration on beaches (Huntington
Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9). Visual Plumes
training courses have been given in Alaska,
California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington. The
models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 9 Support Activities:
« Provided information on the background relative
to the arsenic problem in Fallen, NM, prior to
enforcement action. (NRMRL)
• Discussed microbial source tracking with staff and
provided three training sessions (lecture/discussion)
on the use of molecular biology techniques.
(NRMRL)
• Reviewed site-specific Copper Water Quality
Criteria for San Francisco Bay. (NHEERL)
• Provided technical assistance to Region 9 on
small-system technology selection and evaluation
for Saipan. In addition, a presentation was given at
the Region-sponsored nst Annual Pacific Islands
Environmental Conference. (NRMRL)
• Commented on EIS for the control program for the
invasive NIS Spartina in San Francisco Bay. Provided
sources of information on ballast water treatment
along with contacts on exotic amphibians and frog
vocalizations. (NHEERL)
• ORD will be conducting a field evaluation of a
low-pressure membrane separation system for
paniculate and microbial removal from drinking
water. (NRMRL)
• Developed a rough QA evaluation of the dioxin
and co-planar PCBs tissue results from fish from
San Francisco Bay. (NHEERL)
• Participated in meeting to identify Region 9
issues/needs. (ORD)
• Communicated with Regions 9 and 10, their
States and other Federal agencies about what
marine/estuarine species to use in establishing a
West Coast dissolved oxygen criterion. (NHEERL)
• Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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ORD scientists also provide technical support to
Regional risk assessments and risk management
actions at sites or in geographical areas not identified
under the Superfund or RCRA Programs. This support
can take many forms, including guidance and training
on the use of ORD models and other research
products, evaluation of the utility of specific
technologies at specific locations, and expert ..
testimony in legal proceedings. The following are
some examples of ORD technical assistance in
your Region.
Open-Burning Emissions Examinations- Working
with Regions 9 and 10, ORD is examining emissions,
particularly of dioxins and furans, from open burning.
Sources studied in this effort include agricultural
residue open burning (e.g., wheat straw, sugar cane,
and rice hulls) and forest fires. In addition, ORD
representatives are currently on OSWER's backyard
burning workgroup, which is working with Regional,
State and Tribal authorities to develop policies and
programs to reduce the occurrence of open burning
of household waste in barrels. This burning has been
shown by ORD research activities to be a major
source of dioxins and furans. (NRMRL)
Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program Redesign -
This ORD program is conducted by the Washington
Department of Ecology but has close ties with
Region 10. There was also some initial involvement
with the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the Project XL
(with the Navy) and Region 10. (NHEERL)
Atmospheric Ecosystem Stressor Pattern and Trend
Analysis- Data collected from the EPA Clean Air Status
and Trends Network (CASTNet) is being analyzed to
document observable changes in environmental
stressors associated with emissions reductions
required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
(CAAA). CASTNet sampling sites are located in every
EPA Region except Region 7. Analysis of the data
focuses on acid deposition: S and N precursor
emissions, concentrations, dry deposition, wet
deposition, cloud deposition and total deposition.
These data indicate that there has been significant
reductions in atmospheric sulfur stressor and no
detectable change in nitrogen stressors since the
establishment of the CAAA. (NERL)
Technology Transfer Workshops - In 2.001, ORD held
workshops in Newport, OR, and Moss Landing, CA,
at the requests of Regions 10 and 9. They wanted to
discuss the approaches used in the Western Pilot and
the technology transfer to the Regions and States
(Washington, Oregon and California). This technology
transfer examined the development of sampling and
response designs, analysis approaches and reporting.
ORD will sponsor three Regional Technology Transfer
Seminars on the intrusion of vapors from soil or
groundwater sources into indoor air. The seminars
will introduce new EPA guidance and provide
state-of-the-science information about important
technical issues to regulators and decision-makers.
(NRMRL/NHEERL)
Sample Holding Time Reevaluation - Several reports
are being prepared to describe results of research to
re-evaluate sample holding times. This work is in
response to Regional requests and is important for
accurate measurement of contaminants. (NERL)
Arsenic Removal Evaluations - ORD and the
University of Alaska at Anchorage (UAA), an EPA
Technology Technical Assistance Center, have plans
for upcoming arsenic removal evaluations. Three
sites were identified for possible testing of arsenic
small-systems technologies. Testing is expected to
begin in early FYos. A request for arsenic treatment
technologies remains open for sites in Alaska.
(NRMRL)
Effluent Discharge Guidelines Development for
Mining Facility- At a large mining complex in
Region 10, process water is discharged to a watershed
supporting native salmon populations. The effluent
is high in total dissolved solids (TDS), and no standards
were available to determine appropriate discharge
levels for these constituents. ORD provided
consultation to the Region and State on the effects
of TDS on aquatic organisms, reviewed site-specific
toxicity data and conducted limited supplemental
toxicity testing to aid the development of NPDES
permit limits. (NHEERL)
Consultation on State Water Quality Standards
Development - A State within Region 10 had proposed
a water quality standard for total dissolved solids
(TDS). ORD provided technical consultation to aid
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the Region in deciding whether to approve the
standard. (NHEERL)
North American Landscape Characterization
Program CNALO -This is a multi-agency project
with USGS EROS Data Center and NASA to assemble
Landsat data sets from the early 19705, mid-ipSos
and early 19905 to conduct historical landscape
change analyses. The data have and continue to be
used in landscape change analyses being conducted
in EPA Regions 2-10. (NERL)
Consultation on Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria
Development for Metals - Two dischargers into
different rivers within a State wanted to develop
Water-Effect Ratios (WER) for metals. ORD assisted
the Region, State, discharger and contractor with
the design and analysis of the work for one of the
WERs and assisted the Region and State in the
review and resolution of issues regarding the other.
(NHEERL)
Region/ORD Workshop on Aquatic Life Criteria
(December 1001. Seattle. WA') - An ORD scientist
chaired the plenary session of this workshop that
provided an overview of aquatic life criteria and
assisted in setting up two technical break out
sessions: 1.) biocriteria and nutrients; and 2.) toxic
chemicals. Region 10 was the lead in this workshop
series. Yearly workshops are held to discuss topics
that are important to the Regions and ORD. (NHEERL)
Salmon Research - ORD scientists worked closely
with Region ID'S Salmon Recovery Coordinator to
target specific research to produce products relevant
to current Agency priorities. ORD provided reviews
of various salmon science documents for Region 10
staff. (NHEERL)
Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program CEMAP) - QRD, in collaboration with
Regions 9,10 and 8, helped design the EMAP
Western Pilot. It supports those Regional offices
and States for monitoring design, analysis, indicator
evaluation and reference conditions via EMAP-West.
It provides support to Regional bioassessment
workgroups and co-authored the Field Operations
Manual for Streams Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program Surface Waters: Western Pilot
Study Field Operations Manual for Wadeable
Streams. It also provided expert assistance in
indicators for fish, fish tissue and macroinvertebrates.
For the fish tissue contaminant indicator, ORD is
analyzing n inorganic contaminants, 22 organic
contaminants and 22 congeners of PCBs (three toxic
coplanar compounds) in two target fish categories
and assisting in the assessment of the results.
(NERL/NHEERL))
National Assessment of Landscape Change by
Ecoregion -This collaborative, multi-year study with
the USGS EROS Data Center is analyzing landscape
change between the early 19705 and early 20005 to
determine the rates and causes of changes. The pilot
studies are complete and results are available for
ecoregions within EPA Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
national results should be available by 2006 for all
EPA Regions. (NERL)
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR) - EPSCoR is a joint program with
EPA and 20 U.S. states and territories. The program
supports the development of the states' science,
technology and environmental education resources
through partnerships with states' universities,
industry, government, and federal research and
development. ORD funds EPSCoR programs in
Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming and Puerto Rico.
First National Environmental Health Survey of
Childcare Centers -This is a collaborative study with
HUD and CPSC. Measurements of pesticide residues
in childcare centers were taken nationwide, including
all Regions. NCS (National Children Study) will collect
and analyze available Region-specific concentration,
exposure and biomonitoring data across the U.S.
during the design of the main study. (NERL)
Air Quality Models Assistance - ORD assists the
Regions by indicating how air quality models need
to be used to support management decisions for
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implementing the 8-hour ozone implementation
program. This assists Regions as they strive to
comply with air quality standards for ozone. ORD,
as part of the Air Simulation Workgroup,
communicates new tools and techniques for air
quality modeling. These tools are used by states in
preparing implementation plans. (NERL)
Pollution Prevention Guide- In August 2001, ORD
published, "An Organizational Guide to Pollution
Prevention" (EPA/625/R-O1/OO3). In conjunction with
this new document, ORD Is sponsoring a series of
interactive Workshops (one per Region) based on
the principles and concepts produced in the Guide.
ORD customizes the Workshops to address Region-
specific items of interest. Other ORD Pollution
Prevention tools are also on display. (NRMRL)
Mixing Zone Modeling Technical Support to the EPA
Regions - NPDES permit and 3cn(h) Secondary
Treatment Waiver permit applicants and writers rely
heavily on mixing zone models in designing and
assessing outfall structures and performance. The
EPA Visual Plumes software is designed to help
clients meet mixing zone regulatory requirements.
Interesting recent applications include: designing
new thermal discharge structures (Potrero power plant,
San Francisco; Region 9); assessing background tidal
pollutant buildup of concentration in a tidal estuary
(Salisbury, Maryland; Region 3); establishing Outer
Continental Shelf (OCS) produced water guidelines
(Region 9); predicting temperature exposure for
salmon recovery efforts on the Columbia River
(Region 10); developing plans for the safe ultimate
disposal of caustic soda from a sunken barge
(Florida, Region 4); and establishing the likely origin
of bacterial concentration on beaches (Huntington
Beach, Orange County, CA; Region 9). Visual Plumes
training courses have been given in Alaska,
California, Georgia, Oregon and Washington. The
models have been distributed to at least 47 states
and 55 countries. (NERL)
Other Region 10 Support Activities:
• Presented at a Region 10 workshop entitled,
"Best Available Watershed Science Workshop. U.S.
EPA Region 10 and the University of Washington,
August 26, 2002". (NHEERL)
• Developing a document for inorganic arsenic
concentration in fish in support of Super-fund and
Office Water guidelines. (NCEA)
• Providing an ORD representative for a Regional
methods project on the development of standard
protocols for the measurement of PCBs and PBDEs.
(NHEERL)
. Provided on-site technical assistance to several
communities in Portland, OR, on corrosion-related
problems and ways to mitigate the impacts.
(NRMRL)
« Providing technical assistance to Regions 9 and 10
(and CA, OR and WA) with the planning,
implementation and reporting of the Western
Coastal EMAP. (NHEERL)
• Providing an ORD representative to the Western
Regional Panel of the Aquatic Nuisance Species
Task Force, in place of the Rio representative.
(NHEERL)
• Developed a joint Newport-Region 10 Regional
Methods Initiative (RMI) proposal on food web
modeling in hyporheic zones. (NHEERL)
• Supporting Region no's efforts in ORD's Willamette
alternative futures research with application for
the Puget Sound area. (NHEERL)
« Provided support in conducting hundreds of
searches, retrieving data and interpreting results
presented in the ECOTOX database. (NHEERL)
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AppENdix 1
AGENCY SCIENCE ORGANIZATIONS
AVAiUbU TO AddRESS
REGIONAL SCIENCE ISSUES
Auqiisr 20, 2002
Agency Science Policy Council
The Science Policy Council (SPQ serves as a mechanism
for addressing EPA's many significant science policy
issues that go beyond regional and program boundaries.
The Deputy Administrator chairs the SPC, which is
composed of senior managers from EPA programs,
regions, and laboratories. The SPC is supported by a
Steering Committee of Agency managers and scientific
staff, ad hoc working groups formed to study specific
topics, EPA's Risk Assessment Forum and the SPC
staff. OSP's SPC staff supports the work of the SPC,
its Steering Committee and SPC-sponsored ad-hoc
work groups.
With a goal of integrating policies that guide Agency
decision-makers in their use of scientific and technical
information, the SPC works to implement and ensure
the success of selected initiatives recommended by
external advisory bodies such as the National
Research Council and the Science Advisory Board, as
well as others such as the Congress, industry and
environmental groups, and Agency staff. In this
way, the SPC contributes guidance for selected EPA
regulatory and enforcement policies and decisions.
Current SPC-sponsored topics of interest include the
Web site for the Council of Regulatory Environmental
Modeling (CREM), cross-agency science planning and
communication efforts, (i.e., Strategic Framework
for EPA Science, Science Inventory, Cumulative Risk
Assessment and the Handbooks for Peer Review and
Risk Characterization).
Currently in development is the Guidance for
Development of Science Plans of Cross-Cutting
Agency Activities and Contaminated Sediments
Science Plan.
Research Coordination Teams (RCTs)
The Research Coordination Teams (RCTs) are
workgroups aligned with the Agency's GPRA Goals
whose membership consists of representatives from
appropriate EPA Program and Regional Offices and
each ORD Laboratory and Center. The RCTs serve as
the primary source of consultation and communication
on research issues to interested parties within and
outside EPA. They assess research needs, plan research
programs, recommend programmatic priorities,
monitor progress toward meeting commitments to
produce research products, facilitate integration of
intramural and extramural research activities, and
communicate research results.
Regional Science & Technology Organizations
USEPA's Regional Science & Technology (RS&T)
Organizations are key to the Agency meeting its
mission through performing analytical and other
work that:
• practices sound science,
• implements the principles of environmental
protection, and
« promotes partnerships with states, Indian
Nations, and local governments.
These organizations support the Agency's air, water,
waste, and toxic substances programs utilizing applied
science technologies. Each organization, at a minimum,
is comprised of a Regional Laboratory System, a
Field Operations Group, and a Quality Assurance
Program. In addition, regions have developed special
capabilities and expertise based on unique demographic
and geographic issues. Expertise in these areas
has led to the establishment of the Centers of
Applied Science.
Centers of Applied Science have been designated in
the areas of ambient air monitoring, environmental
biology, chemistry, microbiology and analytical
pollution prevention methodologies. These Centers
provide hands-on training, technical assistance and
coordination of applied research activities.
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ORqANIZAlioiMS
1. Regional Laboratories. The Regional laboratories
generate chemical and biological data enabling the
Agency to respond appropriately to environmental
issues. The data allow for:
• timely and responsive results; and
• scientifically sound and legally
defensible decisions.
2. RS&T Quality Assurance. The Quality Assurance
(QA) Programs ensure the integrity of environmental
data by:
• overseeing management of monitoring
program and policy;
• approving Regional data collection
activity plans; and
• evaluating monitoring and laboratory
practices.
3. RS&T Field Operations Group. The field
operations programs provide on-site capabilities
that support:
• collection of environmental data for
decision-making purposes;
• determination of compliance with EPA
statutes and regulations; and
• assessment of impacts and benefits linked
to environmental control strategies.
Regional Science Councils (RSCs)
The Regional Science Councils (or their equivalent
functioning Regional organizations) are intra-Regional
technical workgroups of scientists who meet on a
regular schedule to discuss issues, work on specific
projects of Region-wide interest, and make
recommendations to management concerning
matters dealing with science.
The primary goal of the Regional Science Councils
is to strengthen science and enhance its use in the
Region. Progress toward achieving this goal is
determined by measuring steps taken to meet
criteria for success, such as:
• improved quality of regional and national
scientific work;
• increased use of sound science in regional
decision making;
• more effective planning of scientific work; and
• better communication of ongoing and
completed scientific work.
National Regional Science Council (NRSC)
The National Regional Science Council (NRSC)
is a group of Regional scientists who meet on a
regular schedule to discuss issues, work on specific
projects of interest across the Regions, and make
recommendations to managementrooncerning
matters dealing with science as developed and
applied within the Regions.
Vision: The overall vision for science in the Regions
is for the Regions to be a place where: (1) a culture of
scientific excellence exists; (i) science collaboration
and communkation activities are highly effective;
(3) the right skills and technical expertise are available
to respond to environmental challenges; (4) scientists
and decision-makers work to make science a key
component to Regional priority setting; and (5) scientific
and technical capacities are effectively used in achieving
Regional priorities. The National Regional Science
Council will be instrumental in realizing this vision.
Goals, Criteria for Success, and Approach: The primary
goal of the National Regional Science Council is to
strengthen science and enhance its use in the
Regions. Progress toward achieving this goal will be
measured by the following four criteria for success,
which are also related to achieving the vision stated
above. The general approach the NRSC will take for
each criterion is also indicated.
The criteria below should be looked upon as a long-
term agenda, and the approaches looked upon as
examples of ways the NRSC might choose to pro-
ceed.
1. Improved quality of regional and national
scientific work The NRSC will approach this by
providing a forum at NRSC meetings where scientists
can discuss scientific issues and exchange ideas by:
supporting peer and relevancy review of scientific
products; serving as a sounding board to management
and staff for science-based decisions; supporting
scientific white papers as needed, and by using them
to provide input to science policy development;
and identifying and addressing barriers to
improving quality.
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2. Increased use of sound science in regional
decision making. The NRSC will approach this by:
regularly identifying scientific expertise in the
Regional" offkes and at EPA national laboratories;
building Regionalscientific knowledge and expertise;
placing emphasis on advocating funding for short-
term regional research needs through the Regional
Applied Research Endeavor (RARE), the Regional
Methods Initiative (RMI), and other means; and
identifying and addressing barriers to quality,
communication, planning and capacity increase.
3. More effective planning of scientific work The
NRSC will approach this by providing input into the
national research agenda of the Office of Research
and Development and others by: identifying, assessing
and prioritizing actionable Regional research issues
not on the national research agenda; remaining
aware of the-A/vork of individual Regional Science
Councils (RSCs); developing and implementing an
annual Regional Science Plan; and identifying and
addressing barriers to effective planning.
4. Better communication of ongoing and completed
scientific work. The NRSC will approach this by
ensuring Regional participation at national forums by:
serving as a focal point for receiving and disseminating
information on ongoing and completed regional,
program office and ORD research; providing or
sponsoring forums for scientific presentations;
updating senior management regularly; providing a
unifying voice for the Regions' message/perspective;
and identifying and addressing barriers to
promoting communication.
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U.S. EPA: Otfio of RisfARch &
laboratory accreditations are recognized by other
nations. I hope that the NELAC community will
continue to look at these issues between now and
its next annual meeting.
One area where I feel the NELAC program needs to
be strengthened is with regard to the personnel
performing the laboratory audits. Laboratory auditing
needs to be performed by persons who are experienced
in laboratory operations. It is critically important
that the auditors really understand how laboratory
operations are performed and how laboratories
operate if they are to effectively identify operations
that do not meet the accreditation standards. In
addition, auditors can and often do help laboratories
improve their operations by identifying areas where
improvement is needed and by recommending
appropriate courses of action. Such services can only
be performed by competent, knowledgeable auditors.
One aspect of a national environmental laboratory
accreditation program that I want to take a moment
and focus on concerns funding. How to make such a
program financially secure. EPA believes that the
accreditation program should be self-sufficient and
its funding sources broad-based. Examples of funding
sources that should be looked at include: membership
dues from accrediting authorities; contributions
from organizations such as EPA and other large users
of laboratory services; and fees charged to laboratories
for accreditation.
Finally, I want to reiterate the need for NELAC to
adopt a system that focuses on the laboratory needs
to meet project-specific, customer-established data
quality objectives (the ISO 170:15 or Performance
Approach) rather than to continue with the
required-method approach. As part of this change, the
accreditation community needs to take a new look
at its approach to "fields of accreditation" since the
current methods-based approach acts as a roadblock
to implementing the performance approach. Now
that EPA is finally beginning to implement the
performance-based measurement system and build
flexibility into its measurement requirements, this is
a critically important change that needs to be made.
Agency Efforts to Strengthen Science
This past April, EPA Administrator Christie Whitman
announced that, in order to strengthen the role of
science at the Agency, she was creating the position
of Science Advisor and was appointing me to that
position. As her Science Advisorrl^arrrresponsible for
working with all parts of the Agency to ensure that
high-quality science is fully integrated into the
Agency's programs, policies and decisions.
This afternoon, I would like to take a few moments
and discuss some areas within the environmental
monitoring arena that I plan to focus on in order to
ensure that the Agency's decisions are supported by
the best available science.
I will increase Agency efforts to implement the
performance approach by working with senior
management of our Program Offices and Regions to
modify the regulations and permitting procedures
to not only allow, but to encourage, use of new
measurement technologies. While progress has been
made in regard to implementing the performance
approach, as you will hear about in a few minutes
from my colleague Elizabeth Cotsworth, more needs
to be done, and I will work to speed up the pace
of implementation.
One reason that mistakes are sometimes made when
conducting monitoring or data gathering programs is
that the people conducting the studies do not always
spend enough time to properly plan the work. We
need to ensure that all measurements are made
under a "plan" that describes the question(s) to be
answered and either the required accuracy of the
data, or the minimum degree of certainty with regard
to the answer to the questions. We need to require
that the actual quality of all our data be documented.
While current Agency policy requires that before any
testing is performed a Quality Assurance Project Plan
has to be prepared and approved by the Quality
Assurance Officer (QAO), this process needs to be
strengthened and the states and the private sector
need to be encouraged to adopt a similar approach.
If quality assurance project plans were properly
prepared and followed, three benefits would ensue.
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The appropriateness of all the methodology that is
used to collect the data would be assured.
The defensibility of the data that the Agency uses in
its decision-making would be strengthened, since the
actual quality of the data would be documented.
Management will be more confident of its decisions
since we will know the statistical quality of the data
and results.
In a number of instances, the Agency has been
criticized that the methods that we issue do not
always perform as advertised. I believe that for the
most part, the criticism is not warranted. However,
in order to ensure that all EPA methods can actually
achieve the performance that is advertised, I will work
to require outside peer review of all new measurement
methods issued by the Agency. Such reviews would not
be under control of issuing/developing organization
whether it be my own Office of Research and
Development, a Program Office, or any other EPA
organization. As you know, EPA policy is to not issue
monitoring requirements unless methodology exists
that the regulated community can use to meet the
monitoring requirements. By employing outside peer
review, I hope that we can eliminate any future
situations where EPA-issued or EPA-cited methods
do not provide the degree of accuracy or sensitivity
that you need to meet Agency monitoring
requirements.
The Agency has been working to strengthen its
internal procedures to improve its data gathering
and information product generation procedures. The
effort is termed the Data Quality Strategic Plan, and
it is my understanding that you were briefed on this
effort at this symposium last year. A number of
components of the strategy only affect how EPA
conducts its internal activities. However, one aspect
of the strategy that may impact you, and that I
would like to see the Agency implement as quickly as
possible, will be to require the quality of all data gen-
erated by, or generated for, the Agency be actually
determined and documented. While this would be a
significant change in how we do business, this move
mirrors the efforts being made by NELAC, ASTM
and ISO.
As some of you may be aware of, and have already
been following, in 1999 Congress mandated that
each federal agency develop and issue guidelines to
improve the quality of the information that the
Agency generates, uses and disseminates. Under
guidance issued by the Office of Management and
Budget, EPA is now developing its implementation
guidelines which are to be issued by October 1, 2002.
Our guidelines build upon numerous established
agency policies and procedures for ensuring the
quality of information. While you will hear more
details about this effort later in the Conference, I
want to highlight two areas that we are working on.
First, while the Agency will continue to do its utmost
to ensure that the information that we use and
disseminate is of high quality, sometimes bad
information slips through. As a result of our continuing
commitment to take timely action to correct such
errors, the Agency will modify its information
correction process to make it easier for you to get
errors in Agency information corrected.
Second, since the bulk of the Agency data comes
from outside sources, EPA is developing a series of
assessment factors that the Agency will publish and
use to evaluate the credibility and appropriateness of
data and information obtained from outside sources.
The goal is to minimize the possibility of EPA
receiving and using data and information that is not
suitable for the use to which it is being put.
As you know, it is often very difficult for someone
outside the Agency, and sometimes even for someone
inside the Agency, to find appropriate measurement
methods that have been developed or issued by the
Agency. ORD, each of our Program Offices, the Regions,
all develop and publish measurement methods. Some
of the methods are available on the Agency's Web site
but many are not. In addition, navigating the various
Agency Web sites and finding a particular method is
very difficult. The Web sites also .do not make it easy
to determine which of the many seemingly identical
methods is appropriate for a particular application. I
know that our Region 1 library has, for several years,
been issuing an index to EPA's various testing methods.
I do not know if this index is complete, but it has
helped serve as a roadmap. Also, I understand that
the National Water Quality Advisory Board is in the
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U.S. EPA: .Ofho of Rt-sFAitch & Dmlopmt w
process of developing a comprehensive index to
environmental monitoring methods issued by EPA,
other federal agencies and national and international
standards-setting bodies. Their effort is called the
National Environmental Methods Index, and it looks
like it will be a very valuable tool. However, this still
leaves the problem of obtaining the cited methods
once you have identified which ones are appropriate
for your application. As Science Advisor, I will discuss
with other Agency senior managers the possibility
of establishing a centralized Web-based registry of
analytical and other measurement methods that
cuts across programs/ORD/regions. Having a central
location on the EPA Web site for all Agency methods
would be a tremendous service to the public [and to
EPA's own staff] and also, hopefully, cut down on
unnecessary duplication of effort with regard to
methods publication. Such a registry would make
it much easier for you to obtain methods that are
cited in regulations, guidance and the previously
mentioned indicies.
Earlier I spoke of my commitment to helping to
establish a national accreditation program for
environmental laboratories. As the Science Advisor,
one of my goals is to promote the acceptance by
senior Agency and State management of the program
and the use of accreditation as a means of improving
the quality of our nation's environmental testing
laboratories. As I mentioned earlier, laboratory
accreditation provides a means of ensuring that
laboratories are competent to perform the type of
tests that they~have~been accredited to perform. By
actively promoting the concept of only using quality
laboratories, I hope that the Agency can do its part to
eliminate, or at least reduce, the credibility problems
facingthe environmental laboratory community. I
would like to take this opportunity to solicit your
ideas and suggestions as to what specific changes
can and should be made in the procurement process
to ensure that the Agency only contracts with
competent laboratories.
Thank you for giving me the opportunity to share
some of my ideas and priorities with you. You are a
key to quality science. The quality of the data and
information that you supply largely determines how
well we do our job and how well we can determine
whether our efforts are succeeding.
In conclusion, on behalf of the Agency, I want to thank
the Independent Laboratories Institute for organizing
and hosting this Symposium and especially want to
thank Joan Cassedy and Larry Keith.
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AppENdix
NEIC SCIENCE SUMMARY Foi* 2002
Size Characteristics of Re-aerosolized
Anthrax Spores
Chris Weis (NEIC), Tony Intrepido (CHPPM), Pat
Cowin (CHPPM), Joan Gephardt (NMRC), Robert
Bull (US Navy NMRC), Aubrey Miller (USPHS), and
Mark Durno (EPA-Rs)
Collaborative studies with the Naval Medical
Research Center (NMRC), the Army's Center for
Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine
(CHPPM-Aberdeen Proving Ground), and the U.S.
Public Health Service are in progress. Spores collected
from a US Senate office and analyzed for size
characteristics and propensity for anthrax spores to
become re-aerosolized after an initial attack have
been submitted for publication. Coupled with this
work is an interest in follow-up investigations to
measure the electrostatic charge on spores as a
possible tool for forensic fingerprinting.
Epidemiological Analyses of Health and
Environmental Data from Libby, Montana
Jeffrey Lybarger (ATSDR), Aubrey Miller (USPHS),
Chris Weis (NEIC), Brad Venner (NEIC), and
Steve Dearwent (ATSDR)
In participation with the U.S. Public Health Service
and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) an epidemiological analysis of
health and environmental data collected from Libby,
Montana is underway. During 2.000 and 2001,
approximately 7000 individuals thought exposed to
high concentrations of amphibole asbestos were
screened at the radiology clinic built by EPA and
ATSDR. Approximately 2.000 of these individuals
demonstrate signs of exposure as determined by 2 of
3 board certified asbestos pulmonologists. The data
set is important for estimation of asbestos-related
exposure and health effects.
Asbestos Analysis by Reflected Infrared
Spectroscopy
Roger Clark (USGS), Greg Meeker (USGS), Sam Vance
(EPA R8), Todd Hoefen (USGS), Chris Weis (NEIC),
and Mary Goldade, (EPA R8)
Work has started with the USGS in the use of visible
reflected infrared light as a tool to measure mass
percent concentrations of specific asbestos minerals
in solid matrices. This research grew out of USGS
work on airborne mounted spectrometers used in
mineral prospecting. The technique has evolved to a
bench top-method, which may have portable or field
applications in some environments. This technique
will be tested in a multi-instrumental method of
analysis performance evaluation study.
Quantitative Asbestos Determinations by
X-ray Diffraction
Douglas Kendall (NEIC), Richard Martinez (NEIC)
and Peggy Forney (NEIC)
Recent developments in X-ray instrumentation and
sample preparation techniques have made viable a
more practical and accurate method for asbestos
determination in bulk samples. Developments in the
regulatory area and with accreditation have made
more accurate methods for asbestos desirable.
Existing methods, which may be of unknown
uncertainty, will be tested and evaluated. Sample
preparation is likely to be very important If warranted,
new methods will be developed and tested. The
selected methods will be validated.
Surface Charge Based Length Discriminate
Separation of Asbestos Fibers
Vince Castranova, (NIOSH), Steve Wilson (USGS),
Greg Meeker (USGS) and Chris Weis (NEIC)
Physiologists at NIOSH in Morgantown, WV have
developed a method of separating asbestos fibers as
a function of fiber length. The method is dependent
upon surface charge characteristics of individual
asbestos fibers and, presently is only useful for
separation of microgram quantities of fiber. The
objective of this work is to scale up the process such
that gram quantities of fiber could be obtained for
use in cellular or animal toxicity testing.
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AppENdix 7
NEIC SCIENCE SUMMARY FOR 2002
Ambient Fiber Concentrations Archived
by Sediments
Mary Goldade (EPA-R8), Chris Weis (NEIC) and
James Weber (NY Dept Health)
In collaboration with scientists at the New York
State Department of Health (Albany) sediment core
samples will hopefully be a useful a tool for estimating
historical airborne fiber concentrations. Once the
core is pulled, layers are dated by measuring traces
of radioactive cesium known to be associated in
time with past atomic tests. The collocated fiber
concentration, coupled with measurements or
estimates of deposition rate can (in theory) be
used to back-calculate historical ambient fiber
concentrations.
Animal Toxicity Studies of Amphibole and
Serpentine Asbestos
Chris Weis (NEIC) and Jim Christiansen (EPA-R8)
In collaboration with other Agency scientists a study
design is under development to determine the relative
toxicity of amphibole vs. serpentine asbestos.
Presently, EPA's policy treats all asbestos equally in
terms of numerical estimates of toxicity. Recent
models suggest possible methods to differentiate the
toxicity of asbestos fibers based upon their size and
chemical characteristics but these have not been.
Amphibole Asbestos Reference Materials
Chris Weis (NEIC), Mary Goldade (EPA-R8), Sam Vance
(EPA R-8), Greg Meeker (USGS), Steve Wilson (USGS)
and Steve Sutley (USGS)
In collaboration with USGS and NIST work has been
initiated on the development of a set of known
amphibole asbestos standards that will be used to
quantitatively (qualitatively in some cases) compare
existing methods of analysis for bulk asbestos
containing materials (performance evaluation study).
Equilibrium Soil/Water Partitioning of Azide
and Cyanide
Eric Betterton (Univ. of AZ), John Reschl (NEIC) and
Joe Lowry (NEIC)
Azide and cyanide are of environmental concern due
to anthropogenic inputs from industrial wastes. An
understanding of their behavior in the environment
necessitates an assessment of the processes influencing
their fate and transport in soils and groundwater. In
the pH range relevant to most environmental scenarios,
a portion of each can be partially or totally protonated,
unionized. This may modify sorption and transport.
The equilibrium sorption constant for the partitioning
of azide and cyanide between water and soil will be
determined using a'number of soils (differing pH and
organic content) and two different techniques.
Breakthrough curves for bromide (control), azide
and cyanide will be obtained by collecting column
effluent fractions followed by ion chromatography
analysis. Partitioning will also be measured by batch
mixing followed by filtration and ion chromatography.
Azide breakthrough curves for an Arizonian soil and
a Floridian peat have been obtained. No partitioning
in comparison to bromide was observed with the
Arizonian soil while partitioning or reaction was
observed for the high organic peat (about 45% carbon).
Solar Photolysis of Gaseous Hydrazoic Acid
Eric Betterton (Univ. of AZ), James Hoban (NEIC)
and Robert Bohn (NEIC)
An understanding of the behavior of azide in the
environment necessitates an assessment of the
processes influencing its fate and transport in the
atmosphere. The photodecomposition of hydrazoic
acid may be an important sink. The purpose of this
work is to determine the rate of solar photolysis of
hydrazoic acid in the atmosphere. As means to follow
this reaction the literature suggests two techniques -
gas chromatography and long-path FTIR. Evaluation
of these techniques for said purpose will be the first
steps in this work.
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AppENdix
INEIC SCIENCE SUMMARY FOR 2002
Kinetics of the Redox Reaction of Azide
and Hypochlorite
Eric Betterton (Univ. of AZ) and Robin Ingamells (NEIQ
Azide if ingested in sufficient quantity can be poisonous.
Recent concern over adulteration of water supplies
together with the ready availability of azide because
of its widespread use in automobile air bag, begs the
question would normal disinfectants detoxify azide.
Thermodynamics indicates that the redox couple
between azide and hypochlorite is favorable.
However, it is expected that kinetics will predominate
in the reaction of azide with hypochlorite and hence
determine whether detoxification would be achieved
in a timely fashion. Initially, use of UV-visible
spectroscopy to monitor the reaction kinetics will
be evaluated.
Cyanide in Process and Waste Water
Samples by Ion Chromatography with
Electrochemical Detection
John Reschl (NEIC) and Joe Lowry (NEIQ
Cyanide analytical methodology has been a research
interest at NEIC since the early 19805. Recent study
has involved various ion chromatography systems.
Experimentation studying pulsed amperometry with
a silver electrode for measuring cyanide and sulfide
has been conducted. The goal of this work is to
develop methodology for use in confirming results
from the manual distillation followed by colorimetry
methodology. This methodology is prescribed by the
Agency for NPDES wastewater and drinking water
monitoring, and also appears in an Agency solid
waste methods manual. Study has found that less
signal drift and significantly improved symmetrical
peak shape was achieved with the pulse waveform as
opposed to the direct current amperometry. This is
because unlike direct current measurement the pulse
waveform cleans film from the surface of electrode
essentially continuously by use of anodic and cathodic
polarizations. Comparison to colorimetry for distillates
of an electroplater's wastewater and process tank
samples has been conducted. Additionally, ligand
exchange experimentation discerning hexacyanoferrate
was accomplished.
Reactivity Worksheet for use in lieu of
Rescinded OSW SW846 Methods
Ken Rota (EPA-Rn) and Joe Lowry (NEIC)
A spreadsheet was developed relating air and water
concentrations at the TLV, IDLH and LEL of toxic or
flammable gases or vapors based on Henry's Law.
Temperature and protonation chemistries affects were
modeled. NIST Henry's Law constants, temperature
coefficients and protonation constants were relied
upon for most chemicals. The spreadsheet can be a
useful tool to aid in determining potential reactivity.
Another use is to help identify wastewater discharges
that may potentially result in the generation of toxic
or explosive fumes in the sewer system. A memorandum
explaining the use of this spreadsheet for both RCRA
and the Water Program has been sent from Region 1
to the New England states as well as to some Agency
RCRA enforcement staff. Additionally, some other
state and regional staff have received the table.
Design Flaws of the Rescinded SW846
Chapter Seven Methods
Joe Lowry (NEIC)
Volatilization from water to the atmosphere can be
a significant exposure pathway for some pollutants.
Knowledge of the Henry's law constant is essential
in calculating mass transfer from the water to the
atmosphere. A mathematical description of
volatilization for dynamic stripping systems [such
as that used by SW846 Chapter seven] is readily
derived and has been published. The predicted
recovery of hydrogen cyanide of 2.4% at 2.s°C and
1.8% at ii°C closely approximate measured recoveries.
The fact that the SW846 method is designed to
operate at the rapid incline region of the mass transfer
recovery curve rather than the plateau region means
that small changes in experimental parameters such as
temperature, flow, time, and aqueous solution volume
can cause large changes in the amount measured. To
understand the fate of a volatile weak acid, the
degree of dissociation in the aqueous phase must be
known. As the pH increases the effective Henry's law
constant increases. While the intrinsic Henry's Law
constant depends only on temperature, the effective
Henry's Law constant depends both on temperature
and pH. At higher pH less hydrogen cyanide would
be measured. This reveals another design flaw of the
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rescinded methods because pH is not controlled. This
document has been used in response to inquiries
concerning the rescinded methods and forwarded to
companies found still relying on these methods.
EPA Cyanide Methodology: Sulfide
Interference Removal Studies
John Reschl (NEIC), Willis Collins (NEIC) and
Joe Lowry (NEIC)
The EPA's cyanide methods as well as the regulations
prescribe precipitation of sulfide with the intention
of preventing the formation of thiocyanate or to
eliminate or diminish possible interference on the
cyanide measurement chemistry. To the contrary,
study has shown that the formation of lead sulfide
precipitate under alkaline conditions can lead to
ready conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate.
Depending on the measurement chemistry this can
cause an underestimation of the cyanide in the water
or wastewater. Further, these sulfide precipitation
measures are not mindful of affects on cyanide
species and hence the measured cyanide. In considering
dissolved cyanide species, total cyanide is intended to
measure hexacyanoferrates while cyanide amendable
to chlorination and available cyanide are not.
However, hexacyanoferrates are known to precipitate
with bismuth, cadmium, and lead. Therefore, if
hexacyanoferrates are present and the sulfide
precipitation procedures are implemented than total
cyanide will be underestimated. Further total
cyanide was intended to include both dissolved and
particulate cyanide. Since the sulfide precipitation
procedures cause the sample to be filtered than
particulate cyanide would be removed from the
solution analyzed. This work will confirm the
hexacyanoferrate precipitation chemistry and
measure the kinetics of the thiocyanate conversion
under conditions typically encountered.
NIOSH Hydrogen Sulfide in Air Method
6013 Evaluation
Jon Beihoffer (NEIC), Brad Venner (NEIC), and
Joe Lowry (NEIC)
NIOSH has approved Method 6013 for the
determination of hydrogen sulfide in air. In a study
of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide air levels near
concentrated animal feeding operations Method 6013
was intended as the hydrogen sulfide reference
method for comparison of two other field monitoring
devices. The NIOSH method involves filtration
through 0.5 um Zefluorto remove particulate sulfide;
sorption on a solid sorbent tube containing coconut
shell charcoal; desorption with ammonia hydroxide
and hydrogen peroxide; dilution; and analysis by ion
chromatography with conductance detection. Very
poor recoveries (< 30%) of known additions of
hydrogen sulfide were measured using the methods
desorption procedure with ion chromatography
or inductively coupled argon plasma emission
spectroscopy. Increasing the desorption time
improved recovery and further improvement was
measured upon increasing the temperature.
Although the objective to discern which continuous
field-monitor was more accurate could be achieved
because the field measurements differed by a factor
ten (because one device was measuring ammonia as
hydrogen sulfide), the evaluated NIOSH method and
modifications are less than satisfactory. Grinding the
charcoal may prove useful in any future study.
NMR Spectroscopic Environmental
Analysis Applications
Jimmy Seidel (NEIC) and Jon Beihoffer (NEIC)
NMR spectroscopy has been used for detection,
structure elucidation, and conformation analysis of
inorganic and organic chemicals. NMR analyses
confirmed ion chromatographic analyses for various
oxy acid phosphorus anions as well as the detection
of a fluoro-phosphorus oxy acid anion in electric arc
furnace dust from elemental phosphorus production.
NMR analyses identified organic and metallic-organic
chemicals whose uniqueness collaborate association
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of PRPs with wastes buried in landfills. Some of the
chemicals were sodium nitrophenoxide, triclocarban,
chloronitrobenzene, and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.'
Some other applications have been to detect the
presence of perfluorinated acids in drinking water
near a Teflon plant and glycols in wastewater discharge
from an anti-freeze recycler.
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
in the Determination of Non-Traditional
Contaminants
Larry Strattan (NEIC) and Christine Casey (NEIC)
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS)
technology combines a compound-specific detection
technique with the power of liquid chromatography
to separate thermally unstable or highly polar
compounds not amenable to gas chromatographic
analysis. Two recent applications of LC/MS have
been the identification of dimethyldithiocarbamate,
a slimicide and metals-removal polishing treatment
chemical, responsible for a large fish kill; and the
analysis of drinking water supply samples for
perfluorinated acids near a Teflon plant. The
perfluoro compounds bioaccumulate and are
probable carcinogens, and are just being recognized
as chemicals of concern in the environment.
Analysis of Congener-Specific PCBs by Tandem
Mass Spectrometry
Christine Casey (NEIC) and Larry Strattan (NEIC)
Although the Agency regulates PCBs as total PCBs,
the toxicity of individual congeners differs greatly.
The PCB congeners having a planar shape with at
least two chlorines near each end of the molecule are
the most toxic. The quantitation of a particular
Arochlor® (commercial PCB mixture) is pertinent to
regulation, but it has little to do with a toxicity
assessment. The use of a gas chromatograph/tandem
mass spectrometer allows the congener-specific
analysis of PCBs with minimal cleanup of extracts.
This type of analysis provides a better potential of
identifying the source of the PCB for enforcement
purposes, as well as improving any toxicity assessment.
Ambient Air Monitoring of Ammonia and
Hydrogen Sulfide Near Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operations
Cary Secrest (EPA ORE), Jon Beihoffer (NEIC) and
Brad Venner (NEIC)
One of the main issues in EPA's ongoing investigation
into the possible health effects of concentrated animal
feeding operations is the effect of low levels of toxic
gases such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia.
Monitoring of outdoor air concentrations using long
path UV and IR have revealed elevated levels of
ammonia, but the significance of these from the
viewpoint of possible health effects are unclear.
Therefore, indoor air concentrations of ammonia were
measured concurrently with outdoor air monitoring
near a CAFO hog facility in Missouri. The indoor
measurements were conducted with a photoacoustic
detector and sorbent tubes; the latter were then
analyzed in the lab using ion chromatography. The
study revealed transient elevations of ammonia but
these episodes were too brief to substantially impact
indoor air concentrations. Sorbent tubes were also
used to measure hydrogen sulfide emissions from
Ohio an egg laying facility.
Two Compartment Mass Transfer Model
Brad Venner (NEIC)
The withdrawn reactivity method relies upon a
simple scenario of dumping acid into an open pit
of cyanide or sulfide wastes to derive the threshold
limits in the method. The analysis used in these
methods was flawed. Development of a mathematical
model based on the widely accepted two-film model
of mass transfer to model the air-water partitioning
in the reactivity method is underway. This model will
help extrapolate the results of the method to the
method scenario as well as other scenarios of
interest. Confirmatory experimental work is
currently being conducted.
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Tin in Soil by Hydride Generation / Plasma
Mass Spectrometry
Theresa Hosick (NEIC), Robin Ingamells (NEIC) and
Steve Machemer (NEIC)
A paper was published in 2.002 in Analytica Chimica
Acta on method developments associated with the
study of contamination in a residential area neara
lead-acid battery manufacturer facility. Method
development and validation was conducted for the
determination of tin in soil by potassium hydroxide
fusion followed by hydride generation coupled to
plasma mass spectrometry. A method detection limit
of 0.5 mg/Kg was achieved. Sample results from this
method compared well with results from instrumental
neutron activation and analysis of the fusions by
plasma emission spectroscopy.
Iron Treatment of Lead-Contaminated Brass
Foundry Waste
Douglas Kendall (NEIC)
This work contributed to Agency regulations banning
iron addition as a treatment of hazardous waste. The
work has been expanded and has been submitted as
a paper for publication. Three processes were studied:
reduction by iron metal, adsorption of lead, copper
and zinc onto iron oxides, and precipitation of
hydroxides. Comparison of the chemistry of the
TCLP test to the reactions occurring in a landfill
was conducted.
Sampling variability and the impact on the
TCLP method
Brad Venner (NEIC) and Joe Lowry (NEIC)
The recent revision of the RCRA sampling guidance
by OSW proposes the use of the Gy's sampling theory
to assess sampling uncertainty for the TCLP. This
theory was developed to analyze compositional data,
and must be extended to account for non-linear
properties such as leachability. A simple model for
leachability has been developed that demonstrates
that the non-linear effects of TCLP can result in
significant magnification of the sampling variability.
Furthermore, this non-linearity can result in
non-addrtivityof the results. This means that an
average value of a col-lection of TCLP results may
not give an unbiased estimate of leachability even if
the compositional results are unbiased. This work
was presented at the recent Waste Testing and
Quality Assurance conference in Washington DC and
a manuscript is in preparation.
Sampling Particulates - Application of
Gy Theory - Subsampling Part 1
Charles Ramsey (Envirostat), Bob Gerlach
(Lockheed-LV) and Brad Venner (NEIC)
In collaboration with the Office of Research and
Development experiments were performed to gather
information to corroborate the sampling theory of
Pierre Gy. In particular, these experiments were
designed to simulate common laboratory subsampling
methods. The experiments used simple combinations
of sand, sugar and salt in various proportions and
used varying subsampling techniques such as simple
grabs and composites as well as rotary and manual
splitting. The simulated samples were analyzed using
a conductivity meter to assess the amount of sand in
each simulated sample. The results of this work have
been included in a draft guidance on sampling of
soils that is currently in review and is expected to be
completed at the end of the fiscal year.
Laboratory Fraud
Andrew Lauterback (EPA OCEFT), Richard Ross
(NEIC), Andrew Goldsmith (DOJ ECS), Mark Measer
(EPA CID), William Smith (formerly EPA CSEE),
Fred Burnside (EPA CID), Herman Griffin
(EPA LCRMD), and Mary LaFrance (IG DSPS)
The commission of laboratory fraud poses threats to
the EPA's regulatory program, i.e., the basis for
establishing regulations and their enforcement. A
report was prepared indicating the seriousness of the
problem, detection, investigation, prosecution, and
post prosecution issues. Elements of the report have
been presented at a Science for Prosecutor's Course,
at NELAC and various other forums
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Reactivity/lgnitability Friction Testing
Richard Ross (NEIC)
Portions of 4OCFR part 2.61 provide a narrative
description of certain hazardous properties. One of
these properties is directed to substances, which
cause fire through friction. Various existing testing
procedures were researched and a BAM friction
tester was acquired. An advantage of this tester is
that a range of pressures can be applied while
exerting frictional movement on a test specimen.
An evaluation of the tester on various substances
is underway.
Automated Ignitability Testing
Theresa Morris (NEIC), Jennifer Suggs (NEIC), and
Richard Ross (NEIC)
The 40CFR2.61 regulations specify the use of certain
ASTM Pensky Martens or Setaflash methods for the
determination of flashpoint pursuant to the
ignitability characterization of liquid wastes.
Temperature ramping control for the Setaflash
apparatus is tedious. An automated Setaflash tester,
which precisely controls the temperature ramping,
has been acquired and experimentation has been
conducted. Combining manual operator intervention
with the automatic temperature control provides
successful analyses.
GIS Application in Environmental
Field Investigations
Carrie Middleton (NEIC)
The application of Geographic Information Systems
has greatly enhanced the ability to use various
imagery products in different phases of environmental
field investigations. Each phase in an investigation
has specific imagery requirements, which vary
depending upon the case objectives. In the targeting
and prioritization phase, imagery is utilized to provide
information about an area's population, natural
systems, and potential environmental impacts. In the
planning phase, image analysis incorporating change
detection provides insight into process or operational
changes at the site, as well as activities impacting a
facility's regulatory compliance. Images are used
as a form of "virtual field reconnaissance" to help
familiarize field personnel with a site. Once the field
team arrives on site, imagery provides a base map
for geophysical, sampling, ground verification, and
analytical activities, thus supporting the field phase.
Finally, imagery also supports the evaluation and
report development phases of an investigation
by providing a crucial visual element in reports,
courtroom exhibits, and technical presentations.
Reid Gas Chromatography - Mass
Spectrometry Analysis of Ambient Air and
Wastewater Samples
Christine Casey (NEIC), Stephanie Volz (NEIC), and
Theresa Allen (NEIC)
A portable gas chromatography - mass spectrometer
has been use to make real-time measurements of
volatile organics in ambient air at a PVC plant and in
wastewater at a vinyl chloride monomer plant while
on-site. This ha's enhanced compliance evaluation
capabilities. A sample run time is typically about 10
minutes, even for a very aggressive list of compounds.
The instrument is capable of measurement in the ppbV
range in air and, in conjunction with the equilibrium
headspace unit, in water and soil samples.
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