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51
RECYCLING INDUSTRY PROBLEMS
The problems of -recycling are -presented here in several categories:
Problems of - summaries of;the problems of individual commodities.
Specific Commodities: For .complete information concerning these problems,
see (.the commodity reports of interest.
t J !'.'.
General Recycling Problems - the problems: concerning the markets on which recycled
Consumer Bias ..commodities 'are dependent.
General Recycling Problems - 'the problems .concerning the quality and quantities of
Materials: , the recycled commodities.
General Recycling Problems - .the problems concerning the operations of the recy-
Industry Operations cling ..industry.
General Recycling Problems - the problems concerning the selection., acquisition,
Capital Equipment: , , operation," and maintenance of production equipment.
General Recycling Problems - the problems caused by national, state and local
Legal: Government actions.
General Recycling Problems - a statement concerning transportation.
Transportation:
Problems of Specific Commodities
The individual commodity reports of this series analyze problems of each
commodity. Included here is a summary of the more important problems of each
commodity.
Problems of Recycling Paper and Textiles
i
Table 12 summarizes the major'problems of paper and textile recycling.
For additional information concerning- these and-other problems see Volume VII,
Paper, and Volume, VIII, Textiles.
oO
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TABLE 12. MAJOR RECYCLING PROBLEMS OF PAPER AND TEXTILES
Commodity
Problem
Effects
Recommended Actions
Textiles Blends greatly reduce
re-use of cotton.
Recycling of wool limited
because of foreign compe-
tition originally caused
by wook labeling act.
Competition from urethane
foams for cushioning has
greatly reduced re-use
of cotton mill wastes.
Major reduction in textile
recycle rate
Major reduction in textile
recycle rate.
Major reduction in textile
recycle rate.
(1) Develop new products and new uses of rrixed
blends, (2) Develop more economical methods
of separation of fiber components.
(1) Publicize use of recycled wool, (2) investigate
repeal of Wool Labeling Act, (3) investigate
federal incentives to encourage export of wool
rags.
(1) Investigate new markets for cotton mill
wa s t e s .
Paper Relatively declining
demand for products made
from paperstock.
Erratic demand for paper
stock
Lack of new products made
from paper stock.
Major reduction in paper
recycle rate.
Major reduction in paper
recycle rate.
Major reduction in paper
recycle rate.
(1) Support technical research to improve
products and end-products, (2) develop stra-
tegies and educational programs, (3) push
for nondiscriminatory purchase specs,
(A) remove economic inequities (tax benefits,
transportation rates, etc.) that impede
recycled fiber usage.
(1) Improve methods of compacting, hogging,
pelletizing of waste paper and paper
stock.
(1) Support technical research in combining
bulk waste paper with waste textiles or
other materials, (2) generate ideas for
new products and economic evaluation of them.
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General Recycling Problems .- Consumer Bias
Table 13 identifies and analyzes two general problems (poor image and
irrational specifications) which restricts markets for secondary materials.
These problems are pertinent to over half of the specific materials included in
the study. The recycling industry has made progress toward solving both of
these problemsmore in the poor image one than in the irrational specification
one. Continuation of present industry programs to improve image should take care
of this problem.
The irrational customer specification problem requires additional effort.
It is more difficult to solve than the image problem because it is involved with
traditional practices of customers, and companies change their practices slowly.
Also, Government specifications often are limited to primary materials.
General Recycling Problems - Materials
Table 14 describes and. analyzes two general recycling problems associated
with the materials to be recycled. The variations in type of scrap available are
a continuing problem for the recycling industryone of its major operating
problems. But it is something that the industry has learned to live with because
it must in order to stay in business.
82'
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54
The other problem in Table 14--nature of consumer solid wastes is a
completely different matter, and in a recycling sense it is a new problem. Only
in the last few years has recycling been seriously considered as a major alterna-
tive to dumping, incineration, and sanitary landfilling for general consumer solid
wastes. In magnitude it is a huge problem-- hundreds of millions of tons of con-
sumer solid wastes are generated each year in the U.S. Technically it is formidable
because (1) it is generated daily in family-size quantities; (2) it contains dozens
of materials mixed together; and (3) the composition varies by location, time of
year, day of the week, etc. This problem presents the greatest challenge and oppor-
tunity for the recycling industry. But is the most difficult one to solve.
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55
TABLE 13. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF GENERAL
PROBLEMS OF RECYCLING, CONSUMER BIAS
Poor Image of the
Recycling Industry
Irrational Customer Specifications
and Discriminatory Government
Procurement Policies
Problem
Definition
1. Few people know what the re-
cycling industry is or what
it does.
2. Many people see junk yards
and auto graveyards and be-
lieve "these are all the
recycling industry is.
3. There is the connotation in
people's minds of inferior
when they hear scrap or
secondary.
1. Some government specs call for
primary materials only.
2. Some specs are designed to make
it difficult for recycled ma-
terials to meet them.
3. Specs sometimes change depending
on how easy it is to get materials.
A. Some specs are overdesigned in
terms of product requirements.
5. Those and other factors add up
to considerable irrationality
concerning specs for scrap and
recycled materials.
Effects of the
Problem
1. Recycled materials are some-
times priced slightly less
than equal quality primary
materials because of poor image.
2. Recycling industry is some-
times prejudiced against in
local laws because of poor
understanding of the economic
and environmental functions
of.the industry.
1. Markets are reduced, and perhaps
recycle rates slightly reduced,
by irrational specs.
2. Smooth flow of materials is
sometimes Interrupted because
materials are rejected by cus-
tomer at one time that it would
accept another time.
Problem
Analysis
2.
3.
Because of the nature of their
business, many scrap processors
and secondary smelters have
contributed to poor image by
being unsightly operations
and polluters, plus being
highly visible because
located in high-population
density areas.
Real and Imagined poor business
practices have contributed to
poor image. . .
Present widespread Interest in
environment improvement and
place of recycling in it offers
a theme for image improvement.
1. Specs are sometimes unreasonable
because primary people influence
writing of specs.
2. Some users of materials write
specs prejudicial to recycled
materials to reduce risks! (Al-
though some recycled materials
are of low quality, most are not.)
3. It is difficult to get specs
rationalized in face of large,
well-organized primary companies,
and antisecondary attitudes of
some users of materials. Pres-
sure from the social and envir-
onmental side may chage this.
4. Labeling laws (virgin-processed
wool for example) tend to limit
the market for recycled wool.
5. Very little affirmative action
relative to recycled materials
has been proposed. New York
City is an exception to this
as are some agencies of the
Federal Government.
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56
TABU 14.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF GENERAL
PROBLEMS OF RECYCLING, MATERIALS
Changes In Type*
of Scrao Available
Nature of Consumer
Solid Wastes
Problem
Definltlon
1. Changes in manu-
facturing technology
cause changes in
types of scrap produced.
2. Changes in consumption
patterns cause changes
in type* of scrap
generated.
3. Manufacturer* redesign
products only for in-
creased marketability,
never for recyclabllity.
4. Thus, the types of scrap
available to the scrap
processer changes.
1. Consumers generate
large quantities of
solid wastes of all
types.
2. These are usually
mixed together for
disposal as municipal
refuse.
3. Composition will vary
considerably from
day to day and month
to month.
4. Percent composition
of the mixed wastes
varies greatly ac-
cording to materlal--
as high as 70 percent for
paper, often only
I percent of some
metals.
5. Thus, the nature of
consumer solid wastes
make recycling difficult
Effects of
the Problem
1. Recycling companies
must adjust to
changing scrap--
thus increasing
operating costs and
risking change* in
output composition.
2. Sonetlues more solid
waste* are generated by
recyclers because of
mixtures.
1. Most consumer (olid
wastes do not get
recycled because
disposed of in
mixed refuse.
Problem
Analysis
1. Recycling company must 1.
be versatile to adjust
Co changes.
2. New uses for materials
might minimise problems.
3. Increases Importance of 2.
looking ahead by recyclers
so ne knows what problem*
are cooing up.
Nature of consumer
solid waste is as it
is for consumer
convenience and to
minimize collection
costs.'
Unlikely that consumer
can be forced to
segregate.
Unlikely that muni-
cipal refuse agen-
cies are interested
in multiple pickups
of segregated wastes.
Government-subsidized
R&D is underway on
separation and re-
cycling of consumer
olid wastes. (For
example, a Black-
Clawson System In
Franklin. Ohio).
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57
General Recycling Problems - Industry Operations
Table 15 defines and analyzes four general recycling problems that
concern the operations of the recycling industry. They are all serious operating
problems for many recycling companies, yet they are not unique to the recycling
industry. Many industries face these same problems because of changes occurring
in the U.S. economy - rapid technological advancement, changing social values,
and changes in economics. The general solution to this group of problems is for
the recycling industry to continue being aggressive and responsive to change in
order to fit existing conditions.
General Recycling Problems - Capital Equipment
Table 16 describes and analyzes three general problems of recycling that
concern the capital equipment of the industry. These all reflect changes that are
occurring in the recycling. More processing of more material requires more capi-
tal equipment. And usually more complex and expensive equipment. Many of the
recycling companies have learned to purchase, operate, maintain, and finance
modern equipment. Many others still have much to learn.
Manufacturers of equipment have not done a good job in the past of making
needed equipment available. Some have now learned that this is a developing
market for such equipment and are directing design and marketing efforts toward
the recycling industry. Much remains to be done in making proper equipment
available.
When discussing processing equipment and problems associated with its
purchase, installation and use, it should be noted that processing costs repre-
sent a very small proportion of total costs (as low as 5 or 10 percent) to many
processors. It is not surprising then that many processors have regarded equip-
ment as a low priority part of their business.
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58
TABU 15. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF CENKRAL PROBLEMS OF RECYCLING, INDUSTRY OPERATIONS
Labor Availability
Hanagosu-nt Availability
Rapid Change! in Nature ol
Reeve linn Bualm-.ii
Need for Increased Specialization
In Recvcllnn Industry
1. Some recycling ind- 1.
ustry companies
have trouble hiring
labor .
2. Some recycling Industry 2.
companies have high
labor turnover leveli.
3. Some recycling
Problem Industry cosipanles
Definition arc not able to get 3.
satisfactory per*
foraance from labor.
4. Absenteeism Is high
among sway recycling
companies.
4.
5.
Most recycling Industry com-
panies arc frailly ownctl and
managed (but some are pub-
licly held corporations).
Traditionally, son«,
sons-ln-l;iw or other
younger generation
relatives become
managers as needed.
Now chere is s
strong trend toward
too few younger
generation relatives
being Interested In
getting Into the
recycling Industry.
Non-family-of-ovners
men have not generally
been Interested In
management jobs In
the recycling Industry.
The above factors
1. Recycling Industry trend
is away from commercial
type business (trading)
to manufacturing type
business (processing).
2. Investment costs are
Increasing because of
need for analysis
instruments, pollution
control devices, better
preparation of scrap.
ate.
3. More specialized
management is needed
to handle the more
Important processing
being done, growth
In size of operations,
mort planning, etc.
4. More skilled labor is
needed to operate and
maintain more and
more complex equipment.
1. Specialization of re-
cycling Industry com-
panies according to
materials, types of
processing, etc. are
minimal.
2. Specialization can
offer economies or
scales, higher quality
output, and other
advantages.
J. Specialization may
reduce the size of
Investment required for
a given dollar volume
of business.
combined have created
acattered shortages
of management In the
recycling Industry that
may became worse in the
near future.
Effect!
of the
Problem
I.
2.
Interrupts smooth
flow of recycling
operations.
Causes off-spec
output
I. Shortages of competent
management causes re-
cycling Inefficiencies
that ceo disrupt flow
of materials.
2. Shortage of younger Inno-
vative managers delays
finding processing improve-
ments that could increase
recycle rates if they were
developed.
1. Many companies are
having trouble adapting
to changes, thus
causing dislocations
in flow of materials.
2. Some companies are
unable to meet quali-
ty standards of mater-
ials because they are
not adapting to changes.
1. Investment costs can be
very high to handle all
types of scrap.
2. Efficiency can be low
because of smaller volume
In several materials.
3. Quality may be lower for
non-specialist that knows
each material less well
than specialist.
1. One cause of labor 1.
problems is wages that
are not competitive
with other Industries.
2. A more Important cease
is poor working condl- 2.
tions.
3. Another cause is a
stigma about working
for scrap processors.
Problem 4. Another cause Is 3.
Analysis Ineffective recruiting
of labor by many of
the recycling Industry
companies.
S. Since recycling industry
is labor intensive,
labor availability is 4.
highly Important to
operations.
6. Also, shortage of
labor is a spur to
labor-saving methods
of processing.
Younger generation
relatives of recycling
Industry company
owners find other in-
dustries more attractive.
Because ao nany companies
re family owned and
managed, this greatly
reduces manager prospects
where this has been the
traditional source.
In the past the oppor-
tunities for non-owner
families were United
in the recycling industry
because most management
came from younger-generation
owners.
Many opportunities now
exist for "outsider"
managera, but the
Industry has not been
effective In making this
known and thus, has been
unable to recruit aufficlent
managera.
1. Changes are caused by:
. larger voluaies of
recycled materials
being handled.
. more interest by
scrap generatora
in maximizing
Income from sales
of scrap.
. more Interest by
scrap users in
getting best
materiel for their
specific uses.
. recognition by
some scrap processors
that they can profit
from modernization.
2. It can be extremely diffi-
cult to keep up with rapid
changes, although the
Induatry is trying.
3. Many companies within the
industry resllze that the
Industry is changing rap-
Idly and are adapting.
1. There was little or no
need to specialize in
past becauae investment
was low, secret of
success was ability to
buy and sell, and there
were fewer compositions
of materials.
2. These factors are becoming
less true, and proc'-'jsing
is becoming more important.
3. Often processing, as with
other types of production,
Is specialised as to
methods and equipment.
4. Specialisation is needed
now, but this results
froa changes in the
nature of the recycling
Induatry.
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59
TABU 16 . PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE
USE OF CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Licit of Know-How In
Purchasing, Installing,
Using, and Maintaining
Coat and Financing
Availability
Problem
Definition
Due to Industry cost structure,
equipment utilization ha* not been
a high priority Item.
Industry, In general, Is not
process or production oriented.
Without knowledge or competent
advice equipment purchases aay
tend to be Irrational or
defensive.
Much of the required equipment Is
expensive (over $50,000).
Difficult for small or medium size
flrns to obtain adequate financing
of this magnitude.
Equipment to perform some tasks not
available or If available is not
adequate.
Equipment In many cases too Inflex-
ible for general use.
1. Operations not efficient.
2. Maintenance costs higher than
need be.
Effects of 3. Some purchased equipment not suited
the Problem to do the Job that Is required.
4. Productivity lower than could or
should be.
Many firms do not buy equipment
they require.
Tend to buy cheaper and less desir-
able equipment than they should.
Many firms must use old equipment
that Is unreliable.
Industry Is not ss efficient ss It
could be.
1. Manual labor required but not
available.
2. Unable to process some raw material
economically.
Problem t_ -[here has been a lack of engl-
Analysls neerlng type personnel In the
Industry.
2. Industry Is reluctant to seek out
consulting engineering ssslstance
with problems involving purchase.
Installation, and operation of
equipment. .. .
3. Little Interchange of Ideas.among
Industry members.
4. Individual firms may purchase much
equipment they' do not need or which
Is not economical.
5. Mutual distrust between'scrap Indus-
try snd the equipment manufacturers.
6. With better process and production
know-how Industry could.economically
recycle more scrap.
Cyclical business trends plus lack
of firm markets in future may make
securing of financing difficult.
Availability of adequate and
reasonable financing could enable
many firms to update their operations
and thus Increase their recycling
capacity and capabilities.
Some equipment is only applicable
to large volume operations
Market for scrap processing and
handling equipment may not be large
enough to attract research money.
Scrap Industry slow to adopt pro-
cessing Innovations.
Equipment or process innovstion
developed st the processor level Is
seldom shared with other processors.
If proper equipment was available
at reasonable cost, more scrap
could be recycled.
88
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60
General Recycling Problems - Legal
Table 17 describes and briefly analyzes four general problems of
recycling relative to governmental influence and legislation. Two of the
problems relate to national materials policy (depletion allowances and
Government stockpiling) which directly affect primary metals and primary
producers but because of the market competition between primary and recycled
materials also affects recycling. The magnitude of the effect of these two
policies on recycling has not been specifically determined.
One of the problems reflects a historical image of the recycling
industry and recycled materials in general. The generally false "junk collector"
image of the industry and a perpetration of the false idea that "secondary"
refers to quality as well as source has resulted in unwarranted discrimination
against the industry (licensing requirements and zoning laws) and its products.
As discussed earlier in this report in the section titled Governmental Influence
on Solid Waste Utilization and Recycling, licensing and zoning statutes are
usually restrictive in nature and in some cases discriminatory and/or arbitrary
in focus. It is the smaller recycling company who is most affected. These firms
are least likely to be able to afford unreasonable corrective actions or to
relocate outside the cities they serve. Their very valuable function, the
collection and processing of lower grades of obsolete scrap, may be reduced
or eliminated thereby worsening municipal solid waste problems.
The fourth problem relates to changing pollution codes which represent
a very real problem to the melters and refiners of recycled materials especially
and to the whole processing industry in general.
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. 61
TABU 17. DmrirtCAtnw AMD AHALYSIS or OMUL LEGISLATIVE nouns
Depletion Allowances
Pollution Codes
Discriminatory Classifi-
cation, Licensing, and Re-
striction of Scrap Processors
Stockpile Policy
Problem
Definition
1) Primary material Indus-
tries receive an allow-
able deduction (IS per-
cent of sales revenue
In case of metals) from
taxable income.
2) Capital gains advan-
tage also accrues
such as to the timber
growing industry.
1) Pollution codes are of-
ten changed every few
years.
2) Codes are different in
various parts of the
country.
' 3) Codes are set up by
three levels of govern-
ment causing confusion.
4) Federal codes encourage
states to enact stricter
codas.
1) Scrap Industry classified 1) Federal government stock-
piles a significant quan-
tity of strategic mater-
ials as a hedge against
nonavailability during
national emergency.
2)
as a nonmanufactoring
Industry.
Scrap industry Is'licensed
and restricted based on
the name of the Industry
and not on merit.
2) Stockpile requirements
are often changed in a
rather irrational and
unpredictable manner
resulting in buying and
selling by the govern-
ment.
1) Creates an unfair ad-
vantage in favor of
primary materials.
Bffecta of 2) Encourages mining com-
the panics to sell Increased
Problem volume of primary metal.
3) Results In mlsallocation
of resources.
1) Creates an unfair burden
on some segments of In-
dustry while other seg-
ments are not affected.
2) Creates unfair advan-
tage to firms.In certain
geographic areas or
states.
1) Industry does not get
many of the operating
tax breaks (sales tax
exemption) accorded to
mat manufacturing Indus-
tries.
2) Industry (by name--not
function) Is zoned out of
areas soned for manufac-
turers In some localities.
1) Stockpile policy may
cause fluctuations In
the primary metal markets
which also affects the
secondary industry.
1) Depletion allowance was
originally adopted to en-
courage exploration and
, development of natural
resources.
2) Currently viewed by many
as simply a dlscrlmina-
Problem tory tax break for the
Analysis natural resource indus-
tries.
3) Those companies produc-
ing both primary and
secondary materials are
encouraged to produce and
aell primary to obtain de-
pletion allowance.
1) Companies are sometimes
faced with having to re-
place pollution control
equipment before old
equipment Is fully de-
preciated. New 60-month
depreciation rule should
help here.
2) It is advantageous to be
located in an area with .
less strict pollution
codes.
1) Scrap processor. In many
cases, classified on the
basis of a historical
image of the scrap Indus-
try; i.e., the junk col-
lector image.
2) Scrap processing Industry
classed as retail or
wholesale business rather
than a manufacturing
business.
1) Timing of Increases or
decreases In stockpile
objectives often rein-
forces (rather than
smoothing) cyclical
swings in market cond-
itions which causes
serious problems for
some metals.
2) Many problems associated
with stockpile policy
arc a result of changes
In policy and not the
policy itself.
3) Magnitude of the affect
on recycling Is not
4) Effect on recycling
Is adverse, but no
quantitative data
are available.
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62
General Problems - Transportation
One other area deserves special mention. This is, the area of freight
i ' ' '' . '.'.. ' ~ '
rates, freight rate policy and transporation of processed scrap in general. There
are:four general problems associated with the transportation of processed scrap:
these are (1) high cost of shipping low value material, (2) difficulty in obtaining
rai-lraod cars when needed, (3) poor service, and (4) pilferage or loss of high
value materials during shipment. The last three items are largely subjects for
direct negotiation between shipper and carrier, and coordinated action by
*i
affected groups of shippers. The first item includes the possibility of
, -' .
discriminatory freight rates, or at least, rates that do not promote recycling
especially of low unit value waste materials.
-, Paper and textile wastes and some metal residues are particularly
affected by the high cost of shipping. The shipping costs in many cases' may
exceed the value of the material being shipped. This situation, of course, is
true of other low-priced commodities such as sand and gravel, but in the case
of processed wastes:, they are raw material forms competing with virgin materials
for markets. If freight rates do, in fact, discriminate against processed waste
materials, recycling would be inhibited. . .-
i ' ' ' ' '' :; *
During the, course of this study several instances of apparent rate
inequities were brought to the attention of the research investigators. - Many of
them concerned the rates for pulp compared with those for waste paper. .In the
cases reported, the rates for waste paper were 80 percent to'more than 100 percent
higher than the rates for pulp between the same points. Ocean freight rates for
waste paper- are also higher than for pulp. In the metals area, examples were
f "
cited where rates for scrap were measurably higher than rates for ores and
concentrates. In the case of textile wastes there are no real competitive raw
materials for comparison.: However, an example was given where the freight rate
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63
for textile wastes from city "A" to city "B" for consumption in that city
were lower than the rate between the same points when the waste material was
for export from that city.
The Battelle research staff was not in a position to fully investigate
nor evaluate these reported instances of freight rate discrimination. Also, it
was not possible to establish the magnitude of the problem in terms of the amounts
of waste materials not recycled because of transportation problems. It is
recommended, however, that the appropriate regulatory bodies be encouraged to
review the question of freight rate discrimination and the 'effects on waste
materials, and beyond that, consider the question in terms of a total materials
policy for the nation.
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GENERAL COURSES OF ACTION
The courses of action recommended for problems specific to the various
commodities are given in the respective commodity reports, and is mentioned in
Table 12. This section of the general report considers only the general
problems of recycling.
Evaluation of Problems
The fifteen general problems of recycling are not all of equal importance.
It is "necessary to evaluate the differences among them in order to assign priorities
for actions. .
The method used is based on how the fifteen compare with each other when
score.d with three criteria:
o Solution of the problem will improve the environment
Solution of the problem will conserve natural resources
Realistic solutions can be found.
In the content of this report, the first of these criteria is believed to
be more important than the other two. It is weighted to allow a high score equal
-* ' ' ' '. '.'.
to the total of the other two.
Table 18 presents the results of the evaluation of the fifteen problems
using the three criteria. This is the consensus scoring of five individuals. In
this evaluation, five of the problems have total scores higher than the other
ten:
Irrational customer specifications and discriminatory
Government Procurement Policy
Nature of consumer solid wastes
Lack of know-how concerning equipment
Availability of equipment
Depletion and other tax allowances for primary materials.
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TABLE 18. EVALUATION OF FIFTEEN GENERAL
PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECYCLING
Criteria and Scores
Problems
Solution of
Problem
Will Improve
Environment
(Solution of
Problem
Will Conserve
Natural Resources
Realistic
Solution
Can Be Found
Total
Score
(10)
(5)
(5)
Poor Image of the Recycling
Industry
Irrational Customer Specifi*
cations and Discriminatory
Government Purchasing
Policies
Changes in Types of Scrap
Available
Nature of Consumer Solid
Wastes
Labor Availability
Management Availability
Rapid Changes in Nature
of Recycling Industry
Need for Increased Special-
ization in Recycling
Industry
Lack of Know-How Con-
cerning Equipment
Cost and Financing of
Equipment
Availability of Equipment
Depletion Allowances for
Primary Materials
Pollution Codes
Discriminatory Classifica-
tion of Recycling Industry
Government Stockpiling
Program
NOTE:
This type of form was com-
pleted by each evaluator.
Each column was completed,
then each row was totalled.
The scores shown in the last
column are averages of all
evaluators.
(20)
10
14
7
12
9
10
11
13
10
12
13
11
8
9
94
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66
These five problems are rated as high priority. Actions for solving
them should be fully investigated before considering the ten lower priority
problems.
Recommended Actions
Battelle-Columbus' recommendations for concerted actions of handling
these problems are divided into two groups according to priority - high priority
and lower priority.
High Priority Actions
The high priority actions recommended here are important and far-reaching
enough to be in the public interest. Thus, participation by EPA is desirable.
Participation by NASKL'and its members is definitely desirable since the problems
and actions are predominately within the boundaries of the recycling industry.
Table 19 presents the recommended action programs for the high priority
recycling problems. The first problem listed, irrational customer specifica-
4 - * - ' " ~~ *" ' : ' I '
^ ' ''
tions and discriminatory Government procurement policies is one that can best be
^ *I .
solved by individual and collective industry efforts. This involves two basic
activities - insuring that recycled materials do meet customer specifications, and
educating customer as to the benefits of making specifications realistic.
The second problem concerning the nature of consumer solid wastes is
of great interest to EPA, and offers the potential of new recycling opportune-
1 . '
ties for the recycling industry. Methods and approaches to this problem lack an
overall viewpoint. It is expected that one or more overall systems will be
developed in the next few years, and that recycling will play a part in such
systems.
-------
TABLE 19. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS, HIGH PRIORITY GENERAL PROBLEMS
Irrational Cuitomer Speci-
fications and Discriminatory
Government Procurement Poltclei
Nature of Consumer
Solid Haiteg
Lack of Know-Mow for
Buying, Using and Maintain-
ing Equipment
Availability of
Equipment
Depletion Allowances for
primary Material
Recom-
mended
Actions
1. Insure that scrap and recycled
materials always meet speci-
fications.
2. Promote the high quality of
scrap and recycled materials.
3. Encourage users to use real-
istic specifications.
4. Change government purchasing
and procurement policies
to encourage use of
secondary materials.
S. Examine effect of labeling
laws on recycllng--modlfy
laws If necessary.
R&D to recover valuable
materials from mixed
municipal refuse.
1. Education of the owners,
users, and operators on
the Important aspects of
equipment selection and
utilisation.
2. Encourage Industry mem-
bers to discuss through
their trade association
their equipment problems
and solutions with
other members of the
Industry.
3. More cooperation between
manufacturers and users
of equipment.
1. Encourage research and
development of needed
equipment.
2. Coordination between
scrap processors and
manufacturers to trans-
late needs Into specific
equipment designs and
developments.
1. Determine the affect of
depletion allowances on
recycling and the re-
cycling Industry.
2. Take action based on the
results of a comprehensive
tudy.
uL NASMI/NASMI Members/ EPA/NASMI
By wnoo Government Officials
N
I
E
- NASMI
- Individual ac'ap
processors
- Equipment manufacturers
N -
I -
E -
HASMI
Individual scrap
processors
Equipment manufacturers
EPA/KASMI
Specific
Steps
1. NASMI Introduce a policing
action to Insure quality
of products of NASMI
members.
2. Expsnd promotion of re-
cycled material on overall
and specific commodity
basis.
3. Tie promotion to environ-
mental Improvement move-
ment.
4. Demonstrate to customers
. that reasonable specifi-
cations make economic sense
to them.
1. NASMI undertake a com-
prehensive study of the
municipal refuse situa-
tion, and recycling's
place relative to It.
2. Based on the investi-
gation, plan the role
of the recycling In-
dustry in the total
municipal refuse picture.
3. Set up a task force of
members and nonmembers to
analyze the economics of
various alternative and
combinations of handling,
separation, recycling,
disposal, etc., of muni-
cipal refuse and Ita
components.
4. Take a leadership posi-
tion In unifying and
rationalising the whole
municipal refuse situa-
tion on a sound economic
beats.
1. Initiate a program of
equipment utilization
seminars conducted by the
manufacturers, consulting
engineers, and experts
from the sciap Industry.
(N)
2. Institute a formal pro-
cedure for compiling
problem-solution caao
histories on process
and equipment utili-
sation. (N)
3. Recruit capable engineer-
Ing personnel familiar
'with equipment and Its
operation on an Industry
wide basis. (N.I)
4. Organize and set up a con-
sulting group available to
embers on a fee basis to
assist with equipment and
process planning and pro-
blems. (N)
3. Develop equipment that la
tore maintenance free or at least
1 r 4 1 t I fr»* 4n^nfn /W\
1. Underwrite equipment or
process oriented
research. (N)
2. Encourage processors
to discuss Innovations
and' processing limits.
Become an industry. (N)
3. Convince equipment manu-
facturers that equipment
Is needed. (N.I)
v
4. Encourage Industry
utilisation of new equip-
ment and Innovations. (N)
Coonisslon atudy to
examine the effect of
depletion allowances on
recycling and then
recommend aodlfvlni tax
structure accordingly.
(1) 'The responsibility for recommended actions shown in this table are based on Importance of the
action, benefit to the taxpayers, and opportunities for NASMI. They are the best judgments
of &3ttcllc. . . -
(2) Recremcnded actions were distributed between high priority and lower priority based on the
evaluation with three criteria.
(3) It is suggested that NASMI continue Its leading role In recycling, recognizing that other
organizations such as the Bureau of Mines, Department of Commerce, Council of Environmental
Quality. IIEU Office of Information, and State, Local, and Federal Legislatures must be
Involved,
-------
68
The problem concerning lack of know-how about equipment applies to
many of the recycling companies to various degrees. It is caused by rapid
changes in recycling - higher labor costs, the need for better separation of
materials, the trend to larger companies, as well as other factors. The solution
calls for education of recycling companies concerning equipment selection,
operation, and maintenance.
The problem of equipment availability is based on a lag by equipment
manufacturers in making equipment available to serve the needs of recycling. They
had overlooked the developing opportunities for major equipment for the recycling
industry. In a sense they have rushed their efforts and not offered eauipment
that suits the industry as well as it could. A solution could be for the recycling
industry to approach equipment suppliers as -an_ industry in making needs known.
The problem of depletion and other tax allowances for primary materials
is an extremely serious negative incentive for recycling. Because of the
seriousness of changes in depletion allowances a thorough study is essential
as a basis for possible changes in depletion policies.
Lower Priority Actions
Table 20 presents the ten lower priority general problems of recycling,
together with recommended action programs. The first seven of these are recy-
cling industry problems that do not involve governments. They are problems that
the industry itself can and should solve.
The first problem, poor image of the recycling industry, has already
been greatly reduced by industry publicity activities. It is recommended that
such programs be continued and expanded. The second problem, changes in the
type of scrap available is more serious than the poor image one. The key
element in reducing this problem is for the recycling industry to work more
closely with scrap generators.
7
-------
69
TABLE 20. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS LOWER PRIORITY GENERAL PROBLEMS
Recom-
mended
Action
Poor Image of Recycling
Industry
Changes in Types of Scrap
Available
Labor Availability
A strong public relations
program to improve the
image of the recycling
industry.
A continuing recycling in-
dustry analysis and fore-
cast .
Improvement of working
conditions, adjustment of
wages, better image for
recycling industry, more
effective recruiting, and
greater mechanization.
By Whoa
NASMI/NASMI Members
ISIS/ISIS Members
NASMI/ISIS
NASMI Members
Specific
Steps
NASMI set guidelines
for member company
appearances and public
relations programs.
NASMI investigate new
terminology for recy-
cling industry. For
example:
Old Term
Junk, scrap or secon-
dary industry.
Scrap, secondary
material, etc.
New Term
Recycling Industry
Recyclable material
Recycled material
NASMI and members,
expand promotion of
the recycling indus-
try tied to environ-
mental improvement
theme.
1. NASMI initiate an
industry analysis
activity.
2. Duties to Include:
Forecasts of busi-
ness conditions. :
Forecasts of scrap
availability and
prices.
Forecasts of mar-
kets and prices for ;
recycled materials
(etc.)
3. Publish periodic reports
to members:
Annually a 3-5 year t
outlook
Monthly a 6 months-
1 year outlook.
K
4. NASMI investigate me-
thods for working more
closely with scrap sources
on information inter-
change Co allow recycle
industry to plan better
for changes in scrap.
Members with labor
problems review their
own situations objec-
tively to determine
reasons for problems.
Correct situations in-
sofar as possible--
better working conditions,
higher pay, etc.
Consider using more
and better equipment to
reduce need for labor
and to improve working
conditions.
Participate in programs
to Improve the image of
.the Industry.
Sell the advantages of
the Industry to employees
and potential employees--
steady work, promotion
for good workers, etc.
(1) The responsibility for recommended actions shown in this table are based on importance of the
action, benefit to the taxpayers, and opportunities for NASMI. They are the best judgments
of Battcllo.
(2) Recommended actions were distributed between high priority and lower priority based on the
evaluation with three criteria.
(3) It is suggested that NASMI continue its leading role in recycling, recognizing that other
organizations such as the Bureau of Mines, Department of Commerce, Council of Environmental
Quality, 11EW Office of Information, and State, Local, and Federal Legislatures must be
involved.
-------
69 a
TABLE 20. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS LOWER PRIORITY GENERAL PROBLEMS (Continued)
Management Availability
Rapid Changes la Nature of
Recycling Industry
Need for Increased
Specialization in Recycling
Industry
Recom-
mended
Action
Freer and more open atti-
tudes toward outsiders,
plus good recruiting
programs.
A major educational progri
for all levels of manage-
ment.
A continuing recycling in-
dustry analysis and fore-
casts.
By Whoa NASMI Members
NASMI/ISIS
NASMI
1. Honest and critical 1.
: self-analysis by members
with management prob-
Specific lems to determine what
Steps changes need to be made
to attract and hold high-
quality managers and
trainees. 2.
2. Make needed changes
where possible <-
equal opportunities
with owner families,
bonus plans, etc.
NASMI organize a com-
mittee to:
Study Industry changes
Recommend what should be
done to prepare companies
for changes.
Baaed on recommendations
of committee,tdevelop
a program to educate mana-
gers of member companies
to cope with changes.
1. NASMI organize a com-
mittee to analyze needs
and opportunities for
specialization of oper-
ations.
2. Committee recommend
further action.
3.
4.
Inaugurate new manage-
ment systems where
needed.
Participate in programs
to improve the image of
the Industry.
Sell the opportunities
of the industry to
managers and potential
managers--free enterprise,
rewards based on abilities,
contributing to environ-
mental improvement, etc.
-------
69b
Recom-
mended
Action
TABLE 20. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS LOWER PRIORITY GENERAL PROBLEMS (Continued)
Equipment
Cost and Financing
Discriminatory Classifi-
cation, Licensing, and Re-
Pollution Codes striction of Scrap Processors
Stockpile
Policy
1. Encourage development
of equipment that will
do the job for less of a
capital outlay.
2. Develop a better indus-
try image as a business.
3. Develop less expensive
purchase plans.
1. Coordinate pollution
codes at the three
levels of government.
2. Investigate ways to
reduce the financial
burden (to smaller
firms) of controlling
pollution.
1. Promote the industry 1. Determine the effect
and its function as
a manufacturer to
the general public,
government officials,
and the Industry
itself.
2. Encourage enforce-
ment of legislation
on a fair basls--
not on industry image.
of government stock-
pile policy on re-
cycling and the re-
cycling industry.
N - NASMI
By Vhen I - Individual Scrap
Processors
B < Equipment Manufacturers
HASMI-EPA
NASMI and
Individual NASMI Firms
NASMI-E?A
Specific
Steps
1. Institute a "used" equip-
ment sales service
through NASMI, along with
guarantees, etc. (N).
2. Investigate the feasi-
bility of providing finan-
cing service in some .form
to Individual firms. (N)
3. Investigate Government
sponsored loan programs
such as SBA.(N)
4. Set up equipment lets-
Ing plans. (N,E)
5. Investigate long-term
stable markets or con-
tracts for supplying
scrap. Contracts would
make firm less of a
financial risk. (N,I)
1. Lobby for accelerated 1,
depreciation rules to
be applied in cases
where new equipment is
required before old
equipment is fully de-
preciated. 2.
2. Investigate "service *
policy concept" for pol-
lution control equip-
ment and operation.
This transfers the bur- 3
den to an even payout
over time. Becomes an
expense rather than a
capital expenditure.
Encourage firms to
not use words like
"Junk" in their
names, listings in
yellow pages, etc.
Encourage more com-
munity participation
by scrap processing
firms on an official
basis.
Lobby for effective
and fair legislation
and enforcement.
Commission a study
(perhaps in conjunc-
tion with depletion
allowances) to ex-
amine the effect of
government stockpile
policy on recycling.
-------
70
The third and fourth problems of labor and management availability are
affecting a large part of the recycling industry. The best approach to solving ...
both of these problems is a general improvement in working conditions for labor
and management.
The fifth problem, rapid changes in the nature of the recycling indus-
» '
try, is partially a reflection of something good rather than being only a problem.
~I . ' . ': '
That is the rapid modernization of the recycling industry. The problems of this
i
rapid change could be eased by an expansion of NASMI educational programs to
i
include additional adaptation seminars.
* ' '''.'''
The sixth problem, need for increased specialization in the recycling
industry, is related to the rapid change problem. As the industry has grown
and changed, opportunities for specialization have grown, and more specialized
companies, have emerged. An industry self-examination could form the;base for
increased specialization to improve operations.
The seventh problem, equipment cost and financing, is no problem at
I '.'.' ' ...-.
all for many recycling companies, but it is for'others. An industry program to
': : ' " . ' - '
cover all aspects of the equipment problem could ease the financial burden for
ij " : '' ' '
..> . . .
some companies and lead to a stronger industry.
The eighth problem, pollution codes, is of different magnitudes in differ-
ent locations because of variations in codes. It is expected that meeting some
\? , -'...- , . _ ' ^
codes will be a financial hardship for some smaller companies.
The ninth problem--discriminatory classification, licensing, and restric-
tion of scrap processors--is primarily one of image. States and municipalities
sometimes view recycling companies as undesirable businesses. This situation has
been improving, and will further improve as their contributions to society are
recognized. ;
v The tenth problem, stockpiling policy,, affects: the recycling industry to
an unknown, degree. A careful study is necessary to examine the effects and develop
sounder policies.
101.
-------
71
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" .'_. i
Kleespies, E. K., J. P. Bennetts, and T. A. Henrie. Gold recovery from
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[Proceedings of the Second Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago,
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[Industrial profile and cost factors in nonfei rpus scrap metal processing.
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.-.''
[Information about recycling resources; environmental management through
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[NASMI commodity outlook- 1970. New York, National Association of
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[NASMI 1969-1970 membership directory. New York, National Association
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[Non-ferrous metal works of the world, 1967, 1st ed. London, Metal
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[Ex Parte no. 262; increased freight rates and charges. Verified
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[U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Ex Parte no. 265; increased
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iii
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Ashes richer than ore, recovery study underway. Engineering and
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[Bennett, A. Scrap: evidence of integration on aluminium. Metal
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[Bennett, K. W. Secondary aluminum: moving up. Iron Aget 200:56-57,
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Bennett, K. W. World market battles for U.S. scrap. Iron Age,
205(10):47, Mar. 5, 1970.
[Bishop, F. C. Military-space scrapyards hold gold-silver bonanza.
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Bjorling, G., and G. A. Kolta. Recovery of valuable metals from slags,
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Cash in trash? Maybe. Forbes, 105(2);18-2A. Jan. 15, 1970.
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Chepchugova, A. G., and S. 1. Ivanov. Opredeleniye zasorennosti loma
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Chip collection system; centrifugal separators reduce waste by swallowing
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[Cogen, L. L. Oxygen in the secondary lead industry. Proceedings,
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[Copper-brass-bronze; special supplement. American Metal Market,
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[Copper-nickel section. American Metal Market, sec. 2, Apr. 27, 1970.]
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Dumontet, J. Deux aspects de I1Industrie de 1'affinage de 1'aluminium.
[Two aspects of the aluminum refining industry.] Revue de
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[Executive Reorganization Plans.... Reorganization Plan no.3;
establishing the new Environmental Protection Agency; consolidates
major programs to combat pollution in a single Agency independent of
existing Departments. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report,
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[Forbes, R. H. Silver recovery. American Metal Market, 15-16, sec.
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With a new kind of metalworking machine called AutoForge, you can
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[GM's new way to save scrap; (reconstituted steel). Business Week,
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George, P. C. America's neglected pollutant, solid waste [in four
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[Gold market guide. Metals Week. 10-35, Sept. 30, 1968.]
Grosspietsch, W., H. Prohl, and W. Stiehler. Wirtschaftliche
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Haake, G. Stand und entwicklungstendenzen bei der verarbeitung von
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[Present practice and trends in the scrap recovery of copper and
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Haake, G. Stand und entwicklungstendenzen bei der verarbeitung von
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[Status and development trends in the processing of copper and copper
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[Hanus, D., and Przybyslawski, A. Metal recovery from bimetallic scrap
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[He turns junk into gold. Dun's Review, 51, Dec. 1968.]
[Hershaft, A. Solid waste treatment. Science and Technology, 34-45,
June 1969.]
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[International precious metals report. American Metal Market, 1A-31A,
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[Jakobi,J. Secondary European aluminium smelting. Metal Bulletin,
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Jangg, G., and K. Schuetz. Nasschemische aufarbeitung von
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[Jarman, G. Mechanical separation of scrap wire and insulation. Wire
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[Kaplan, J. Gold, the untouchable metal. American Metal Market, sec. 2,
Apr. 14, 1969.]
Kemp, M., and G. Schrade. Fusione di trucioli d'ottone in un forno
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II Rame, 7(26);39-42, 1969.
Kleespies, E. K., J. P. Bennetts, and T. A. Henrie. Gold recovery from
scrap electronic solders by fused-salt electrolysis. Journal of Metals,
22(l):42-44, Jan. 1970.
[Krzakala, J., and H. Kolasa. Econometric model of non-ferrous metals
recovery from scrap and waste material. Rudy i Metale Niezelazne,
14(5):263-270, 1969.]
Lead and zinc supplement1968. American Metal Market, 75(63), sec.
2:5-42, Apr. 1, 1968.
Liebscher, S. Refining storage battery scrap. German Patent 41,881;
filed May 19, 1964; issued Oct. 15, 1965.
[Long look at nickel: as the projects proliferate. Metals Week,
13-15, 19-20, 25-27, Sept. 14, 1970.]
Mantle, E. C., and N. H. Jackson. The reclamation of scrap. Copper,
2(l):6-8, Jan. 1968.
Martin, H. G. Precious metals. American Metal Market. 12-29, sec. 2,
Apr. 14, 1969.
[-Mechenov, P., R. Dimitrov, P. Lesidrensky, and I. Rosenov. Vacuum-
electrothermal production of zinc powder from zinc scrap.
Godnisnjak na khimiko-Technologicheskiya Institut^ 13(1):7-20, 1966.]
[Metal recovery from scrap. Die Casting Engineer, 12(2):48, Mar-Apr.
1968.]
Metals recovery seen one solution for solid wastes. Oil, Paint and
Drug Reporter. 197(12);4, 38, Mar. 23, 1970.
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85
[Mighdoll urges lifting curbs on recycling of solid wastes. American
Metal Market. 57(59);16. Mar. 30, 1970.]
Mnukhin, A. S., B. Ya. Krasil'shchik, 6. R. Fedorova, and A. M.
Verblovskiy. Issledovaniye protsessa karbonilirovaniya nikelya iz
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scrap.] Tsvetnye Metally, (5):38-40, May 1968.
[Molten salts: new route to high-purity metals. Chemical Engineering,
26(18):36, 38, 1968.]
Morgenbesser, D. Scrap industry faces environmental change. American
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Naumov, N. M., Yu. A. Kuznetsov, and L. Ya. Zarubinskaya. Rassortirovka
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Neal, H. R. Scrap has a bundle of problems. Iron Age. l97(25):73-?8,
June 23, 1966.
[Nickel section. American Metal Market, Sept. 12, 1968; Mar. 3, 1969;
Feb. 24, 1970.]
[Offer new cable stripper. American Metal Market. 21, June 10, 1970.]
[Ohio City will install system to sort, reclaim solid wastes. American
Metal Market, 21, June 10, 1970.]
[Old gold: to buy .or riot to buy. Jewelers' Circular-Keystone.
137(9):38-41, June 1967.]
Pollution control in copper wire reclaiming by use of afterburner in
new dual-chamber furnace. Industrial Heating, 37(3):450, 452, 454,
456, Mar. 1970.
[Precious metals section. American Metal Market, 1-24A, sec. 2, Oct.
4, 1968.] .
[Reclaiming refuse; efforts to save, reuse waste products slowed by
variety of problems. Wall Street Journal. 175(122):!, 23, June 23,
1970.]
Baliski, S., Z. Nowakowski, E. Klis, J. Kaniut, J. Wolszakiewicz, and
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[Recycling: practical answer to the problems of air pollution, water
pollution, solid waste. American Metal Market (Special Issue).
1-42, sec. 2, Mar. 16, 1970.]
Rose, K. Secondary metals now accepted as of high quality. Materials
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. ' 1.1.6
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[Ruth, J. P. Electroplated gold for industrial Use on the upswing.
American Metal Market, 9A-24A, Dec. 8, 1969.]
[Ruth, J. P. Gold plating's role in computers expands. American,
Metal Market. 1-20, Feb. 18, 1969.]
[Schwartz, W., and W. Haase. Short rotary furnace and its application
in the treatment of battery scrap. NML Technical Journal, 6(1):42-44,
Feb. 1964.]
Scrap recovery cuts purchases of prime metal. Modern Metals, 21(7):84,
Aug. 1965.
Scrap salvaging system will save an extra $11/2 million in 5 years.
Material Handling Engineering, 23(4):97-98, April 1968.
[Secondary materials supplement. American Metal Market, sec. 2, Mar.
16, 1970.] :
[Sen, M. C., arid Tj. Banerjee. Recovery of lead from scraps. NML
Technical Journal, 8(3);33-38, Aug. 1966.] .
Sherman, J. V.,. Sophisticated scrap; the metal reclaiming business
has come a long way from the junkyard. Barren's, 47(49):3, 10, 12,
Dec. 4, 1967.
Klimczok, R., R. Kaminow, S. Zielinski, and A. Krawczyk. Metallic
zinc recovery from zinc wastes. Polish Patent 54,393;, filed Sept.
9, 1966; issued Feb. 15, 1968. ',;
Smolyarenko, V. D., L. N. Kuznetsov, and L. E. Nikol'skiy.
; Znergeticheskaya rabota zlektropechi,pri byplavke nerzhaveyushchey
stali. [Energy performance of the electric furnace when, melting
. stainless s teel.] S t al, .(4);321-324, Apr. 1969.
[Solid waste disposal. A Bill (HR11833), the Resource Recovery Act
of 1970 passed by Senate. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report,
28(33):2,043, Aug. 14, 1970.]
[Solid waste disposal. (Action on) a Bill (HR11833), the Resource
Recovery Act of 1970. Congressional. Quarterly Weekly Report, 28(42)::
2,546-2,547^ Oct. 16, 1970.]
Solid waste disposal. [Action on] a Bill (HR 11833-HR 91-1155,);."
Gongressional Quarterly Weekly Report. 28(25) :1,.587, June 19",. 1970.
[Solid waste disposal. [Action on] a Bill (S.2005 - S. Rpt. 91-1
the Resource Recovery Act of 1970. Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report. 28:1.941-1,942, July 13, 1970.]
Prescott, J. H.,, and J. E. Browning.. Solid wastes schemes; sifted.
Chemical Engineering, 77(11) ;80-82.. May 18, 1970.
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Solid wastes. Environmental Science & Technology, 4(5):384-391, May,
1970.
[Secondary metals.] American Metal Market, 74(72), sec. 2:15-43,
45-46, Apr. 17, 1967; 75(53):7-42, Mar. 18, 1968.
[Special scrap forum section. American Metal Market, sec. 2, May
25, 1970.]
[Copper metals.] American Metal Market, 74(184), sec. 2:23-90, Sept.
25, 1967; 75(178), sec. 2:21-82, Sept. 16, 1968.
Lead and zinc. American Metal Market. 73(143):9-31, 33-42, July 25,
1966; 74(140):20-21, July 24, 1967; 75(63), sec. 2:5-42, Apr. 1,
1968.
Stadler, F. Ueber das legieren von nichtrostendem stahl. [Alloys for
stainless steel.] Neue Huette, 11(10):600-604, Oct. 1966.
[Telyuk, I. I., and A. M. Dukhota. Remelting aluminum alloy shavings.
Mashinostroenie Inform N-T, Sb., 31(1);55-56. 1965.]
[Texas instruments' product could affect the copper industry. (Copper
encased aluminum rods.) Wall Street Journal, 175(112);31, June 9,
1970.]
Tremolada, G., and L. Afduni. Lead refining with sulphamate bath at
the A. Tonolli e Cs. Electrochimica Metallorum, 1(4):457-470, 1966.
[Turning junk and trash into a resource. Business Week, 66-67, 70-71,
74-75, Oct. 10, 1970.]
Vaughan, R. D. Reuse of solid wastes: a major solution to a major
national problem. Waste Age, 1(1):10, 14-15, Apr. 1970.
Waste recovery: big business in the 70's. Chemical & Engineering
News, 48(9);14-15. Mar. 2, 1970.
[The wide world of secondary metals 1969 secondary metals supplement.
American Metal Market. 1-42. Apr. 14, 1969.]
Will industry sell recycling. Modern Packaging. 43(9):46-49, Sept. 1970.
Woolley, H. B. New patterns, new outlook for world gold. Engineering
and Mining Journal. 168(10);86-92. October 1967.
Books and Pamphlets on
the Textile Industry and its Wastes
AATCC technical manual, v.46. Research Triangle Park, N.C., American
Association of Textile Chemists, and Colorists, 1970. 433 p.
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88
[Brown, V. Solid waste as it relates to paper stock. Presented at
Paper Stock Institute, National Association of Secondary Material
Industries, Inc., San Francisco, Mar. 1970. 11 p.]
Chopra, S. N., and G. H. Guild (Chemcell Limited). Retreatment of
synthetic fibres. British Patent 1,120,272; filed Jan. 21, 1966;
issued July 17, 1968.
Combustion Engineering, Inc. Technical-economic study of solid waste
disposal needs and practices. Public Health Service Publication No.
1909. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 705 p.
Milnes, A. H. (Cook & Co. Manchester, Limited). Controlled pneumatic
waste collection for textile machines. British Patent 987,001;
filed Jan. 14, 1964; issued Mar. 24, 1965.
[Erskine, W. Expanding consumption of secondary fibres in the
seventies. Remarks at Paper Stock Institute, National Association
of Secondary Material Industries, Inc., San Francisco, Mar. 1970.
14 p.]
Whalon, E. G., T. Reid, and A. J. Osowski (The Hale Manufacturing
Company). Method and apparatus for treating thermoplastic synthetic
filaments particularly waste thermoplastic synthetic filaments.
British Patent 1,019,818; filed May 19, 1964; issued Feb. 9, 1966.
[Hutchins, W. E. Secondary textile materials; a buyer's view. Presented
at National Association of Secondary Material Industries, Inc. Annual
Meeting, Los Angeles, Mar. 1968.]
Japan Exlan Company Limited. Production of polyacrylonitrile fibres.
British Patent 1,006,040; filed May 28, 1964; issued Sept. 29, 1965.
[Lewis, J. A study of the problems connected with the use of cotton
rags in the paper industry. New York, Cotton Rag Council, 1959.]
Lipsett, C. H. Industrial wastes and salvage; conservation and
utilization. 2d ed. New York, Atlas Publishing Company, Inc., 1963.
406 p.
Luey, A. T. Technological advances in secondary fiber usage. Presented
at National Industrial Solid Waste Management Conference, University
of Houston, Mar. 24-26, 1970. 7 p.
[Guide to man-made fibers. New York, Man-Made Fiber Producers
Association, Inc., 1969. 16 p.]
[Man-made fiber fact book. New York, Man-Made Fiber Producers
Association, Inc., 1967. 82 p.]
[Man-made fibers, a summary of origins, characteristics and uses. New
York, Man-Made Fiber Producers Association, Inc., 1964. 48 p.]
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89
Marks, R. H. Method of waste fiber utilization. British Patent
1,107,394; filed May 24, 1965; issued Mar. 27, 1968.
Bullock, H. L. (National Engineering Company of Canada, Limited).
Electrostatic separation. British Patent 1,021,800; filed Mar. 20,
1964; issued Mar. 9, 1966.
1964 man-made-fiber chart. Textile World. 114(7):181-198, July 1964.
Press, J. J., ed. Man-made textile encyclopedia. New York, Textile
Book Publishers, Inc., 1959. 913 p.
Rich, J. H. Address. Presented at National Industrial Solid Waste
Management Conference, University of Houston, Mar. 24-26, 1970. 14 p.
[Shane, W. M. What time is it for textiles? Address at National
Association of Secondary Material Industries, Inc., Miami Beach,
Apr. 1967.]
[Standard & Poor's industry surveys: basic analysis, textiles-apparel.
New York, 1970. p.32-67.]
[Technical and production data of principal man-made fibers and
metallic, stretch and bulk yarns produced in the United States.
America's Textile Reporter. Rev. llth sec. Boston, 1962. 33 p.]
Temafa, Textilmaschinenfabrik Meissner Morgner & Co. GmbH.
Improvements in and relating to feed hoppers for preparatory textile
machines. British Patent 1,126,668; filed Apr. 5, 1967; issued Sept.
11, 1968.
[Textile industries facts, 1969-1970, Atlanta, Textile Industries,
1969.]
1964 man-made-fiber chart. Textile World, 114(7):181-198, July 1964.
[Trutzschler, H. Improvements in or relating to a multiple swift
textile waste tearing machine. British Patent, June 26, 1961.]
U.S. Congress. Senate. An Act [to encourage increased consumption
of cotton]., 88th Cong. 2d sess., Mar. 6, 1964. Washington. 34 p.
Problems of the Domestic textile industry; hearings before a Subcommittee
of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, U.S. Senate,
85th Cong., 2d sess., S.Res.287, pt.4. Washington, U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1959. p.1,211-2,067.
[U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
Problems of the domestic textile industry, report pursuant to
S.Res.287. 85th Cong. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office,
1959. 28 p.]
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90
Federal Trade Commission. Rules and regulations under the Wool Products
Labeling Act of 1939. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office,
[1941]. 28 p. . ,
[Rules and regulations under the Textile Fiber Products Identification.-;
Act, effective Mar. 3, 1960. Washington, U.S. Federal Trade
Commission, 1959. 31 p.] .
[Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. The cost of clean ,.%
water, v.4. Textile mill products. Washington, U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1968. (in 10 parts).]
[Telegram on used clothing exports. Washington, U.S. Department of
State, 1970. 2 p.]
k '
Summaries .of trade and tariff information. Schedule 3. Textile
fibers and textile products, v.2. Washington, U.S. Tariff
Commission, 1969. 158 p. "
Journal Articles on the .
Textile Industry and its Wastes :
Aerated lagoon handles 10-miliion gpd. Textile World, 116(2):86-87,
Feb. 1966.
Ashmore, W; G. Waste control today-: why you need it; how it works;
; how it pays off in three.mills. .Textile World, 114(4):44-54, .April
' 1964, ..-''.;,. '."'....': ' , . ; '.
Bowen, D. A. Engineering tackles the textile environment. Textile
World, 120(7);122-23, July. 19.70. ,
Bringardner, D. J., and P. P. Pritulsky. Latest word on identifying
today's fibers. Textile World. .111(12) ;47-59. Dec..1961.
[Cleaning up wool waste. Textile World, 69, Aug. 1970.]
[Cotton, bad days on the plantation, time, 94, Oct. 10, 1969.]/,
Fast way to measure trash in cotton and waste. Textile World, 113(6):
64-65, June 1965.
Fedor, W. S. Textiles in the seventies. Chemical & Engineering
News, 48(17);64-73. April 20, 1970. ;
Garbage: uses of "urban ore". Chemical & Engineering News, 48(8);17.
Feb. 23, 1970.
Gee, N. C. 'Fibre ..identification in reclaimed textiles. Materials
Reclamation Weekly. 115(19):195. 197-201, Nov. 8, 1969.
Hargreaves, E. M. Solvent degreasing- will it replace conventional
scouring? textile World, 115(2);104-106. Feb. 1965.
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91
How four cotton mills control spinning waste. Textile World,
110(3):63, Mar. 1960,
King, P. J. Improving profits with better waste control. Textile
World, 112(6)t64^67. June 1962.
Kurie, J. F. World trends in cellulesic and natural fibers. American
Dyestuff Reporter. 58(25):17-20, 37, Dec. 15, 1969.
[Latest word on low-cost mill-waste disposal. Textile World^
71-75, June 1970.]
Man-nnade fiber waste production. Textile Organon, 37(6):97, 104,
120, June 1968.
Morrison, R. D. New photomicrographs included in current method on
fiber identification. American Dyestuff Reporter, 52(22);28-47,
Oct. 28, 1963.
Finault, R. W. Low BOD starch derivative promises less pollution.
Textile World. 112(1);95, Jan. 1962.
Newest problem: mill costs and the new minimum wage. Textile World,
111(6):50-56, June 1961.
Producers' waste shipments. Textile Organon, 40(2);31. Feb. 1969.
Producers' waste shipments. Textile Organon, 41(2);31, Feb. 1970.
[Reclaiming refuse; efforts to save, reuse waste products slowed by
variety of problems. Wall Street Journal, 175(122):!, 23, 1970.]
Recycling can head off pulp crisis. Paperboard Packaging. 55(1);30-33,
Jan. 1970.
Salable waste can be an expensive proposition. Textile World,
110(4):113, Apr. 1960.
Smith, S. G. Identification of unknown synthetic fibers; part IV;
revision, new fibers, cross sections. American Dyestuff Reporter,
49(21):27-35, October 17, 1970.
Solid wastes. Environmental Science & Technology^ 4(5):384-391, May,
1970.
[Spivak, S. M. Is cutting waste going to waste? The Bobbin.
19:34, April 1970.]
One system treats sewage, solid wastes. Chemical & Engineering News.
48(12):44-46, Mar. 23, 1970. .
Textile water pollution clean up picks up speed; what government
regulations mean to you; what your company can do; what other
companies are doing. Textile World. 117(11):52-66, Nov. 1967.
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92
Waste recovery: big business in the 70"s. Chemical & Engineering
News, 48(9):14-15, Mar. 2, 1970.
Waatewater machine. Textile World, 118(9):154, Sept. 1968.
What's ahead in textile technology? Textile World, 120(6):48-50, June
1970.
Wilson, F. C. Waste at roving- How much is too much? Textile World,
114(9):78-79, Sept. 1964.
Wilson, F. C., and C. W. Foster. 7 steps to cutting waste costs.
Textile World, 116(2):72-75, Feb. 1966.
[Woods, M. Solid waste: refuse or reuse? Toledo Blade Magazine,
4-7, July 12, 1970.]
Books and Pamphlets on the
Paper Industry and its Wastes
[Fibre Market News. Paperstock Institute Special Issue. Oct. 13, 1966.]
[Fibre Market News. Special Issue covering the 12th De-Inking
Conference by TAPPI on subject of secondary fibre usage, Oct. 19,
1967.]
[Fibre Market News. Special Issue. Nov. 14, 1969.]
[Fibre Market News. Special Issue. Nov. 15, 1968.]
[Introduction to de-inking; de-inking of wastepaper. TAPPI Monograph
Series No. 31. New York, Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry, 1967.]
Kirkpatrick, W. A., II. Wastepaper utilization and deinking in the
board and paper industry. J.n C. E. Libby, ed. Pulp and paper science
and technology, v.l. Pulp. chap.14. New York, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1962. p.375-393.
[The newsprint problem. Special Antitrust Subcommittee of the
Committee on the Judiciary. Washington, U.S. Government Printing
Office, September 14, 1953.]
[Paperstock annual review number. Fiber Market News, Nov. 13, 1970.]
National Academy of Engineering-National Academy of Sciences.
Policies for solid waste management. U.S. Public Health Service
Publication No. 2018. [Washington], U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, 1970. 64 p.
[The statistics of paper, 1970 supplement. New York, American Paper
Institute, July 1970.]
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93
Tuchman, S. G. The economics of the waste paper industry. Ph.D.
Thesis, New York University, June 1963. 327 p.
[1969-1970 Waste trade directory of the world. New York, Atlas Publishing
Company. ]
Journal Articles on the
Paper Industry and its Wastes
[Allin, W. M. Solid waste management. New York, American Paper
Industry, June 1970.
[Beggs, A.,K. A look ahead at the pulp and paper industry. Presented
to the American Pulpwood Association, New York, Feb. 23, 1965.]
Cash in trash? Maybe. Forbes^ 105(2):18-24, Jan. 15, 1970.
Contest-winning symbol promotes recycling concept. Boxboard Containers,
78(3):39-41, Oct. 1970.
Edwards, J. R. How paperboard is doing and meaning of the capacity
survey. Paper Trade Journal, 154(51);28-30, Dec. 21, 1970.
[Erskine, R. W. Paperstock in the packaging world. Presented at
Paperstock Institute Fall Conference, Phoenix, Oct. 14, 1966.]
Evans, J. C. W. Capacity survey indicates modest increases for years
1971-73. Paper Trade Journal, 154(48):37-41. Nov. 30, 1970.
Federal incentives for recycling likely to pass Congress in '70.
Chemical 26. 7(5):38-39, May 1970.
[Graham, G. A. (Consolidated Fibers). Address to the American
Newspaper Publishers Association, Purchasing Agents Division,
Meeting, San Francisco, Apr. 15, 1969.]
[Hartung, J. W. (St. Regis Paper Company). A partnership in
paperstock. Presented at PSIA Meeting, Apr. 18, 1966.]
[Katovich, R. Foreign trade division vice-president looks to
improvements in exports of paper stock during 1971. Fibre Market
News, January 2, 1971.]
[Ledbetter, W. C., Jr. A strong paper chainbetter quality fiber.
Presented at Canadian Pulp and Paper Association Meeting, Montreal,
Jan. 29, 1970.]
[Lento, B. 0. (Charles T. Main, Inc.). The economics of recycling.
Presented at Recycling Seminar, Technical Association of the Pulp
and Paper Industry Annual Conference, New York, Feb. 24, 1971.]
[Mighdoll, M. J. Recycling resources: new economics, new technology,
new challenges. Fiber Market News, Nov. 13, 1970.]
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94
Miller, W. H. Paper stock in the paper industrya technical analysis.
Tappi. 47(4);36A, 42A, 46A...68A, Apr. 1964.
Miller, W. H. A new look at the problem of secondary fibers supply.
Paper Industry. 46(6);495-8. Sept. 1964.
[New homes for old newspapers-waste makes wealth. Graphic Communications
Weekly, July 7, 1970.]
[New paperboard made from recycled fiber. Fibre Market News, July 29,
1970.]
[Newspaper facts, Sept., Nov., 1969; Jan., Mar., May-June, 1970. New
York, Newsprint Information Committee.]
Bird, D. Old phone books pose a problem. New York Times, 120:55,
Jan. 10, 1971.
Koplik, P. H. Outlook for expansion in the U. S. exports of secondary
fibers. Paper Trade Journal. 154(10);37. Mar. 9, 1970.
Reclaimed fibers50/50 board compares favorably with virgin kraft.
Paperboard Packaging, 54(8):23, Aug. 1969.
[Reclaiming refuse. Wall Street Journal, June 23, 1970.]
Recycling a losing proposition. Paperboard Packaging, 55(8):8, Aug.
1970.
Recycling waste paper helps solve a problem. Public Works, 100(12):
67-68, Dec. 1969.
Recycling; will we drown in trashor learn to reuse it? New York
Times, 120, sec. 4:7, Feb. 7, 1971.
Reeves, 0. T. The future of secondary fibers in paper mills. American
Paper Industry. 52(5):62-63, May 1970.
[Rich, J. H. Debates on recycling paper on new to industry but....
Waste Age, July-Aug. 1970.]
Solid waste recycling now possible. American Paper Industry,
52(6):18, June 1970.
Roden, H. E. Symbol sought for recyclable package. Boxboard
Containers. 77(12):82, July 1970.
[There is money in wastepaper. Reprint from Web Printer, 9, 1969.]
Turning junk and trash into a resource. Business Week, No. 2145:67,
Oct. 10, 1970.
Erskine, R. W. Secondary fibres: recycling turns solid waste into
profits. Boxboard Containers, 77(10);61. 170, 187-188, 190, 200,
203, May 1970.
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95
[White, P. Research program by PSIsignificant event of year.
. Commercial Bulletin. Oct. 27. 1962.]
[Why recycling wastepaper when surplus of wastepaper is being destroyed
or burned. Waste Trade Journal, Nov. 28, 1970.]
[Williams, L. E. The changing role of the paperstock industry.
Presented at PSIA Convention, Bermuda, Oct. 20, 1967.]
[Williams, L. E. (Container Corporation of America). Managing the
solid waste function. Presented at the Packaging Institute Forum,
Chicago, Oct. 1970*]
Williams, W. C. Use it/reuse it. Political, economic pressures
brighten future for waste. Pulp and Paper^ 44(10);61-65, Sept. 1970.
Williams, W. C. CCA makes corrugating medium at 1,100 ft/min from
100% waste paper. Pulp and Paper, 44(12);112-116, Nov. 1970.
Wilson, A. W. Industry environmentalists and top execs differ on
recycling solid wastes. Pulp and Paper, 44(10):69-73, Sept. 1970.
Will industry sell recycling? Modern Packaging. 43(9);46-9» Sept.
1970.
Write on scrap. Chemical Week, 108(3):16, Jan. 20, 1971.
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96
APPENDIX
EXTENSIVE SURVEY DATA
As a major part of the overall study an extensive survey of the nonferrous
secondary, materials industry was performed to identify the industry, its capabilities
and its problems. The survey involved the following steps:
(1) Sample selection
(2) Questionnaire preparation
(3) Conduct interviews
(4) Tabulation of responses
(5) Analysis of results.
The entire membership of NASMI plus a random sample of norimember firms
formed the basis for the extensive survey sample. Approximately 25 percent of
the sample was personally interviewed by an outside research firm while the
.' ' i.
remaining 75 percent were sent mail questionnaires.
The questionnaire was designed by Battelle in conjunction with NASMI
and utilized the expert guidance of NASMI officers and commodity specialists in
its preparatibn. There were 578 valid returned questionnaires which were tabulated
and. analyzed by the Business Economics Division at Battelle-Columbus.
, A sample copy of the questionnaire along with a regional and national
tabulation of the results is presented in the following pages.
1.27
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97
CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS
(Under NASMI/HEW Solid Waste Utilization Study)
COMPANY NAME
STREET
CITY STATE ZIP
PHONE: Area Code NUMBER
RESPONDENT: NAME
TITLE
Note: All questions relate to eeoondary materials only.
A. GENERAL DATA
(1) If your company operates facilities in more than one state, please
indicate each state and the approximate percentage of your total
business conducted there. (If additional space is needed, please
use separate sheet.) [ ] Not Applicable
(2) Please indicate the approximate percent of your total revenue
derived from each of the following functions:
Nonferrous Scrap Metal Importer and Exporter
Dealer-Processor ' Paper Stock Dealer-
Nonferrous Metal Broker Processor
_
Smelter and Refiner _ _ Paper Stock Broker _
Ingot Maker _ Textile Dealer-Processor^
Brass Mill _ _ Textile Broker >
Scrap Iron Processor and Textile Garnetter J
Broker _ Other (Indicate)
Sweater
Note: Percentages should add to 100%
H O
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98
(3) Total number of all employees Including supervisory (secondary
materials only).
Employees
Percentage distribution of above employees according to
commodity.
Aluminum
Copper and Brass
Lead
Zinc
Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Stainless Steel
Precious metals
Exotic metals
Scrap Iron
Paper
Textiles
Note: Percentages should add to 100%
(5) Size of all physical plants (secondary materials only).
Yard storage and processing
Under roof
acres
sq. ft
(6) Total value of plant and equipment (current market value).
$
(7) Total 1969 gross sales (secondary materials or products made
therefrom only).
[ ] Under $1,000,000
[ ] 1,000,000 - 3,000,000
[ ] 3,000,000 - 5,000,000
[ ] 5,000,000 - 8,000,000
[ ] 8,000,000 - 12,000,000
[ ] 12,000,000 - 20,000,000
[ ] 20,000,000 - 30,000,000
[ ] 30,000,000 - 50,000,000
[ ] Over 50,000,000
>
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99
COMMODITY DATA - Please answer the following questions on this and the
following pages for each commodity applicable to your
company in 1969. If not applicable, please indicate
so and go on to the next commodity. At the end of the
census is a place for registering any additional
comments you may have.
Note: Commodities are set forth in this questionnaire ae follows:
Metals Pages 3-8
Paper Pages 8-9
Textiles Pages 10-12
METALS
1. ALUMINUM [ ] Do not handle aluminum.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total aluminum scrap
received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources %
Collector/Dealer Sources _%
Over-the-Scale Sources %
100*
(b) Indicate total volume of aluminum scrap processed but not melted
in 1969.
[ ] Under 200 net tons [ ] 500 to 1,000 [ ] 3,000 to 5,000
[ ] 200 to 500 [ ] 1,000 to 3,000 [ ] Over 5,000
(c) Indicate volume of aluminum scrap smelted, melted, or otherwise
consumed in 1969-
[ ] 1,500 to 5,000
[ ] Under 300 net tons [ ] 20,000 to 50,000"'
[ ] 5,000 to 10,000
[ ] 300 to 1,500 [ ] Over 50,000
->? -v% C ] 10,000 to 20,000
^*.^J *
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100
2. COPPER AND BRASS [ ] Do not handle copper or brass.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total copper and brass
scrap received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources %
Collector/Dealer Sources %
Over-the-Scale Sources %
10056
(b) Indicate total volume of copper and brass scrap processed but not
melted in 1969.
[ ] Under 200 net tons [ ] 500 to 1,000 [ ] 3,000 to 5,000
[ ] 200 to 500 [ ] 1,000 to 3,000 [ ] Over 5,000
(c) Indicate volume of copper and brass scrap smelted, melted or
otherwise consumed in 1969-
[ ] Under 2,500 net tons [ ] 5,000 to 10,000 [ ] 20,000 to 50,000
[ ] 2,500 to 5,000 [ ] 10,000 to 20,000 [ ] Over 50,000
3. LEAD [ ] Do not handle lea,d.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total lead scrap received
from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources %
Collector/Dealer Sources %
Over-the-Scale Sources %
10058
(b) Indicate total volume of lead scrap procer,r;ed bui- not melted in
1969.
[ ] Under 100 net tons [ ] 200 to 1,000 [ ] 2,000 to 4,000
[ ] 100 to 200 [ ] 1,000 to 2,000 [ ] Over 4,000
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101
(c) Indicate volume of lead scrap smelted, melted, or otherwise
consumed in 1969.
[ ] Under 1,000 net tons [ ] 2,000 to 6,000 [ ] 10,000 to 20,000
[ ] 1,000 to 2,000 [ ] 6,000 to 10,000 [ ] Over 20,000
ZINC [ ] Do not handle zinc.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total zinc scrap received
from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources %
Collector/Dealer Sources _%
Over-the-Scale Sources %
100*
(b) Indicate total volume of zinc scrap processed but not melted in
1969.
[ ] Under 50 net tons [ ] 100 to 500 [ ] 1,000 to 2,000
[ ] 50 to 100 C ] 500 to 1,000 [ ] Over 2,000
(c) Indicate volume of zinc scrap smelted, melted, or otherwise
consumed in 1969.
[ ] Under 500 net tons [ ] 1,000 to 3,000 [ ] 5,000 to 10,000
[ ] 500,to 1,000 C ] 3,000 to 5,000 [ ] Over 10,000
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102
J. NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS ( SCRAP ; GRADES ) [ ] Do not handle nickel
.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total nickel and nickel
alloy grades of scrap (not including stainless steel grades)
received from each of the following sources:
t
Industrial Sources
Collector/Dealer Sources ' .
Over-the-Scale Sources
10056
(b) Indicate total volume of nickel and nickel alloy grade scrap (not
including stainless steel grades) processed in 1969.
[ 3 Under 20 tons [ ] 100 to 300 [ ] 500 to 1,000
[ ] 20 to 100 [ ] 300 to 500 [ ] Over 1,000
6. STAINLESS STEEL'(SCRAP GRADES) [ ] Do not handle stainless steel.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total stainless steel scrap
received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Squrce;s . %
'.". Collect|?r/Dea;Ler Sources ^_%
Over-the-Scale Sources %
,. .. . 1001
(b) Indicate total volume of stainless steel scrap processed in 1969
. f
[ ] Under 200 = net tons, ,[ ] 1,000 to 3,000 C ] 5»QQQ to-<>ro,oOO
[ ] 200 to; 1,00;0 [] 3,000 to 5,000 . [ 3 Over t"b,600
133
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103
7. PRECIOUS METALS (SUCH- AS SILVER, GOLD, PLATINUM. PALLADIUM, ETC.)
[ ] Do not handle precious metals
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total precious metals
scrap received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources !
Collector/Dealer Sources !
Over-the-Scale Sources
lOOJT
(b) Indicate total volume of precious metals-bearing materials
processed but not refined in 1969.
(1) Gross material weight
[ ] Under 2 net tons [ ] 10 to 15
[ ] 2 to 5 C ] 15 to 20
[ ] 5 to 10 [ ] Over 20
(2) Solutions
[ ] Under 100 gallons [ ] 5,000 to 10,000
[ ] 100 to 1,000 [ ] Over 10,000
[ ] 1,000 to 5,000
(c) Indicate volume of precious metal content refined from scrap.
Gold Silver Platinum Metals
[ ] [ ] C ] Under 500 troy oz.
[ ] [ ] [ ] 500 to 1,000
C ] [ ] [ ] 1,000 to 2,000
[ ] [ ] ; [ ] 2,000 to 5,000
[ ] [ ] C ] 5,000 to 25,000
[ ] I ] [ ] Over 25,000
fl T 1
-Lvvf
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104
8. EXOTIC METALS (SUCH AS MOLYBDENUM, TITANIUM. TUNGSTEN. ETC.)
[ ] Do not handle exotic metals.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of total exotic metals scrap
received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources !
Collector/Dealer Sources !
Over-the-Scale Sources !
1001
(b) Indicate total volume of exotic metals scrap processed in 1969.
[ ] Under 5 net tons [ ] 25 to 50
[ ] 5 to 10 [ ] 50 to 100
[] 10 to 25 C ] Over 100
PAPER
9. PAPER [ ] Do not handle paper.
(a) Indicate the approximate percentage of waste paper your company
purchased from each of the following sources in 1969 (whether or
not the paper was physically handled through your plant or plants)
(1) Industrial and commercial sources
Manufacturing, converting, and printing %
olants, etc.
Office buildings
Supermarkets, Department stores, and other
retail outlets
(2) Collector/dealer sources
(3) Over-the-scale sources (including Institutions
where applicable) _J %
(4) Other (please identify) %
1 ^ 10055
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105
(b) Estimate the percentage of the above waste paper that came from
the following:
(1) Organizational and institutional sources including %
paper drives
(2) Municipal waste %
(c) The total tonnage of waste paper and paperstock you purchased in
1969 (including paper handled on brokerage or agent basis
whether or not it physically moved through your plant or plants):
C ] 0 - 25,000 net tons '[ ] 125,000 - 150,000
[ ] 25,000 - 50,000 [ ] 150,000 - 175,000
[ 3 50,000 - 75,000 [ ] 175,000 - 200,000
C ] 75,000 - 100,000 [ ] 200,000 and over
[ ] 100,000-- 125,000
(d) What percentage of the total tonnage indicated in question (c)
did you physically handle through your plant or plants in 1969:
(e) The maximum tonnage of paperstock you could have physically
handled through your plant in 1969 with the facilities you had
at that time:
[ ] 0 - 6,000 net tons [ ] 20,000 - 25,000
[ ] 6,000 - 10,000 [ ] 25,000 - 35,000
[ ] 10,000 - 15,000 [ ] 35,000 - 50,000
[ ] 15,000 - 20,000 [ ] Over 50,000
(f) On the average, how many hours per week did your plant operate
in 1969?
Hours
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106
TEXTILES
10. TEXTILES [ ] Do not handle textiles,
mill cuttings, and/or
' rags.
(a). Indicate the approximate percentage of mill cuttings and/or rags
o.f all types .received from each of the following sources:
Industrial Sources o ^ ;
Collector/Dealer Sources ;
Organizational and
Institutional Sources
What iper cent age of the total tonnage indicated ato^e (did you
handle thr.o.ugh ,yo:ur plant
-------
107 -
(e) Indicate total volume of all wool rag cuttings and/or rags
processed In 1969.
[ ] Under 5,000,000 pounds
C ] 5,000,000 - 10,000,000
[ ] 10,000,000 - 25,000,000
[ ] Over 25,000,000
(f) Indicate what percentage of above volume was:
New Material %
Old Material %
100J
(g) Indicate total volume of all synthetic cuttings and/or rags
processed in 1969.
[ ] Under 5,000,000 pounds
[ ] 5,000,000 - 10,000,000
[ ] 10,000,000 - 25,000,000
[ ] Over 25,000,000
(h) Indicate what percentage of above volume was:
New Material
Old Material
100%
(1) Indicate total volume of synthetic blended cuttings and/or
rags with cotton, wool, etc.
[ ] Under 5,000,000 pounds
C ] 5,000,000 .-' 10,000,000
" [ 3 10,000,000 - 25,000,000
[ ] Over 25,000,000
ins
-------
108
(J) Indicate what percentage of above volume was:
, New Material
Old Material
100?
We would b.e interested in any additional comments you may wish to make.
Use separate sheet if more space is required.
-------
109
IN-DEPTH SURVEY
Interview Guide - Sources
Classification Data; Company name, company size, major locations, number of
employees
Discuss Industry Flow Chart
Scrap Practices
How disposed of? Why?
Types, quantity, grades, forms?
Percent of material by end use that is recycled
What types of scrap are generated but not recycled?
Changes from 5 years ago? Why?
Future changes? Why?
Changes and Trends; Are there any readily discernable changes and trends
related to:
Basis for decision to dispose of waste vs sorting and sale - policy changes?
Markets
In-house recycling
Price vs cost of segregation
Type of scrap generated
Sale vs outright disposal
Handling of scrap
Source of scrap
Quality control
Required investment in equipment, etc.
Extent of segregation for prccessor/broker/dealer
1-iO
-------
110
Problems; What problems: do you have related to:
, Markets1 ', ''-',
Prices
Handling/segregation
Storage
Transportation
Pollution control
Government: actions
Zoning
. Export/import
. Others;
What efforts, have been made to overcome any of the above problems? Results?
Actions Needed;; Actions, needed! to increase: solid waste utilization or help to
alleviate any of the above problems
% By/ huye.cs]'
By,- yourse-lC or yourselvesr
. By/ raw material suppliers
By? secondar.y, material's; users;
By governments
» By others', - who:?i
Other Comments-
it Change Si in; technolbgy/ whiicfc would!' increase: or: decrease? current: scrap
supply
-------
Ill
IN-DEPTH SURVEY
Interview Guide - Processors/Brokers/Dealers
Classification Data: Company name, company size, major locations, number of
employees
Discuss Industry Flow Chart
Current Operations
Degree of materials specialization
Degree of automation
Major types of customers - why?
Major types of potential customers - why?
Major sources of scrap - why?
Major potential sources of scrap - why?
Geographical area covered - supply; markets
How operations differ from 5 years ago - why?
Critical factors in success of your business?
Fluctuations in scrap availability - why? Effects?
Fluctuations in scrap demand - why? Effects?
Ease of capacity changes?
Ease of entry into the industry? Factors to be considered?
What determines your operating level?
Percentage distribution of costs; materials, labor, other?
Import/export ,
What scrap sources are not used and why?
Changes and Trends; Are there any readily discernible changes and trends
related to:
Primary vs. scrap sources
-------
112
Types and grades of materials
Quantities of scrap supplies
Quality of available scrap
Prices
Processing innovations (automation)
Costs
Capacity
Size of markets
Integration in supply, processing, and use - captive operations -
in-house capabilities
Innovations in the collection, transportation, or sale of scrap
Problems; What problems do you have related to:
- Materials availability
Materials properties
Markets
Government actions
Waste disposal
Materials handling and processing
' Space- '..-.-- <:;; ''' '<;,:.';'.[ :-.- -.'
Transportation
Pollution control
Labor ..
Export/import
Equipment
What efforts have been made to overcome any of the above problems?
Results?
-------
113
Suggested Actions; Do you have any ideas or suggested actions that might help
to increase solid waste utilization or help to alleviate any
of the .above problems?
By scrap generators or supplies
By scrap processors
By scrap users
By governments
By NASMI
By others - who?
Other Comments
Who to see
4 . 'I 4
-*v- »
-------
114.
IN-DEPTF SURVEY
Interview Guide - Users
Classification Data; Company name, company size, major locations, number of
employees .
Discuss Industry Flow Chart
Use of Secondary Material
Do you use? Why? End use? :
Volume changes from 5 years ago? Why?
Future volume changes? Why?
Degree of integration with source of both primary and secondary
- Sources? ';' " '' . ' '-;' '.''.'; - . ... '.''
Types, grades, forms?
o Percent secondary? What determines percent? How variable?
Informal ties with sources - importance of?
Changes and Trends; Are there any readily discernible changes and trends related
- . . tO .. ... . ,, . ;
Possibility of using lower quality secondary materials: - what would
be needed?
9 Price of secondary vs primary material
o Availability
Quality
; Domestic vs foreign sources ,.,.
Requirements calling for use of pnly primary materials
Bias against/for. use of secondary
-------
115
Problems; What problems (cyclical or constant) do you have related to
Availability
o Quality
Costs
Process constraints
Transportation
Material storage
Processing
Others
Actions Needed; Actions needed to increase the utilization of secondary materials
or to help alleviate any of the above problems
By suppliers
By yourself
By governments
By others - Who?
Other Comments
Changes in technology which would increase/decrease the need for
secondary materials
-------
116
Analysis of Extensive Survey Responses
The extensive survey yielded information which was analyzed and
tabulated in the following way:
(a) Type of operation
(b) Region of operation
(c) Commodity
(d) Business statistics.
In addition to the tabulations listed above, the extensive survey
provided data and information that is used throughout the various commodity
reports as well as the General Report in this volume.
No effort has been made relative to the tables that follow to analyze
the tabulations and cross tabulations from a cause and effect standpoint. The
relationships have not been tested for statistical significance and indeed further
analysis of these relationships or other relationships that could be constructed
is considered outside the scope of this study. Thus, the following tables are
presented, without comment and for information only. Throughout the various
commodity reports, however, charts and graphs have been prepared and do form an
integral part of the specific subject.
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 04/21/71
ABSOLUTE TALL' CLASSIFIED BY RAStC ANSWFRS TO QUESTIONS IN TERMS OF RFQION OF RESPONDENT
TOTAL COUNT
REGION HijSU'ESS CONDUCTED
UNKNOWN
NE* ENRLAK'O
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
SOUTH ATLANTIC
EAST NORTH ATLANTIC
FAST SOUTH CENTRAL
«EST NOMTh CENTRAL
«*FST SOUTH CENTRAL
MOUNTAIN
PACIFIC
OUTSIOF HMTEO STATES
BUSINESS IN UNKNOWN
1 TO 25 PFRCFNT
26 TO 50 PEWCENT
SI TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS IN NEW ENGLAND
i TO 25 PFRCENT
2ft TO S« PFHCFNT
51 TO 7S PFUCENT
Mf-ae THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS MIODLF. ATLANTIC
1 TO 25 PeRCFNT
?«!> TO SO PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MURE THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS SOUTH ATLANTIC
i TO 25 PFRCENT
?fi TO SO PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 7S PFRCF.NT
BUSINESS EAST NORTH ATLANTIC
I TO 25 PFRCF*T
?h TO SO PE«CfNT
51 TO 75 PE»CENT
MOWE TnAM 75 PEPCFNT
BUSINESS EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
I TO 2S PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS WEST NORTH CFNTRAL
I TO 2S PERCENT
?fc TO SO PEPCF.NT
SI TO 75 PFRCFNT
MORE THAN /s <>F»Cf.»l
BUSINESS WF«T SOUTH
1 TO 25
TOTAL
5TH
57«
0
45
iri
5"
152
19
24
IB
17
1
3
n
>
r>
3
17
R
1
0
M
40
H
6
A
*
2
ft
37
13
I
5
IB
11
ft
3
2
0
10
2
1
' S
11
4
UN- FN6-
KNOWN LANO
45
45
A
45
n
n
o
A
A
0
A
A
0
0
0
A
A
6
n
A
A
6
0
0
0
0
A
0
A
A
0
A
0
A
A
0
0
n
0
0
o
A
A
0
A
n
0
P
MID*
W OLE SOUTH
ATLAN ATLAN
NO
4S
45
i
45
f»
n
A
A '
»
*
A
A
v
»
>
A
A,
A
A
»
f»
*
1
»
1
»
»
»
1
TIC
Hi
HI.
0
0
HI
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
1
A
A
A
I
8 ,
5
1
A
2
14
2
6
6
20
1
3
' 4
A
A
ft
«
ft
A
A
A
0
A
A
0
1
0
1
A
A
3
2
TIC
50
50
0
0
0
SO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
A
A
2
2
A
0
0
2
1
1
0
A
9
A
1
2
6
0
0
A
A
0
3
1
I
1
0
0
A
A
0
0
0
A
EAST
NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
152
152
0
0
0
A
152
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
1
1
A
A
0
4
3
1
0
0
1
A
1
0
0
24
1
1
4
18
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
A
A
0
0
EAST
SOUTH
CEN-
TRAL
19
19
A
0
0
0
A
19
0
0
A
A
A
1
A
A
0
1
A
0
A
0
0
A
A
A
0
A
1
1
0
, A
A
0
A
0
A
A
1
A
A
1
A
A
0
0
A
A
A
A
WEST
NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
24
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
A
0
0
A
A
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
A
A
1
4
ft
0
0
4
3
i\
1
e
1
0
1
A
A
f>
A
A
1
5
1
1
WEST
SOUTH
CEN-
TRAL
18
IB
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
A
A
1
1
A
A
0
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
A
5
0
MOUN-
TAIN
17
17
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
A
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
A
0
2
1
OUTSIO
UNT-
TEO
IF 1C STATE
Bl
ai
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
61
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
148
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS o«/?t/7l
ABSOLUTE TALLY CLASSIFIED HV BASIC ANSWFRS TO QUESTIONS IN TERMS OF REGION of RESPONDENT
?6 TO 50
51 TO 75
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS MOUNTAIN
I TO 25 -PERCFNT
26 TO 50 PERCFNT
S) TO 75 PEWCFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
BUSINESS IN PACIFIC
1 TO 2S
26 TO SO
51 TO 75 PEWCFNT
MORE THAN 7-j PERCENT
BUSINESS OUTSinF 'IS
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 5P PFHCFNT
51 TO 75 PF.P.CFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
NFFRROUS MF.TAL OEALER-PHOCESOR
1 TO 25 PFHCtMT OF REVENUE
26 TO 50 PFPCF.NT OF REVENUE
51 TO 75 PERCENT CF HFVENUE
MORE THAN 7S PERCENT REVENUE
NFERROUS MET A I. HROKFW
1 TO 25 PFRCFNT OF KEvENUE
26 TO 50 PF^ONT CF Ri-VENIJF
51 TO 75 PEUCFNT CF HFVENlIF
MflPE THAM 7S PF.RCF.NT WEVFNIIE
SMELTER ANO RF.FTNFR
t TO 2S PFRCF"'T OF KEvENUE
26 TO sn PF.RCFNT CF ««-. VFNUF
51 TO 75 PtWCFNT CF Rl-.VENlJF
MORE THAN 75 PFRCENT wtVENUE
INGOT MAKER
1 TO 25 PFWCFNT OF KFvF...
Oh
TOTAL
2
2
3
9
6
1
1
1
21
9
4
n
fl
4
?
2
n
0
334
75
74
66
1 19
169
125
24
7
13
12*.
36
15
1?
63
43
1 7
<
6
Ifc
31
?2
6
2
1
1*H
7j
-57
27
M
Sf.
b<»
NEW
UN- ENG-
KNOWN LAND
0 »
0 >
0 o
0 "
0 n
0 i
0 o
0 n
0 »
0 "
n r>
0 *
0 n
1 1
0 »
1 1
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0 «
28 ?H
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6 6
7 7
11 n
17 17
12 1»
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0 i
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0
1
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3
2
n
1
0
7
4
3
0
n
2
1
1
0
0
90
20
19
12
39
bo
32
n
3
4
J5
8
5
f
2ft
7
2
2
1
2
5
5
n
0
0
4H
19
5
1
3
7
7
SOUTH
ATLAN
TIC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
30
9
10
6
5
11
9
1
1
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10
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3
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2
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19
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6
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H
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NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
0
0
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0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
05
26
19
1*
26
49
M
4
2
2
43
13
3
6
21
18
4
1
3
10
12
7
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1*
12
12
11
3
15
IS
EAST
SOUTH
CEN.
TMAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
0
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0
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10
4
2
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1
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1
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0
1
0
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0
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7
f
3
1
1
1
1
WEST
NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
0
0
0
1
1
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0
0
1
1
0
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0
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0
0
0
n
11
2
2
4
3
5
4
C
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1
4
1
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n
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1
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4
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5
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WEST
SOUTH
CEN-
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1
1
3
1
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0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
n
0
0
13
1
7
4
1
5
3
f
0
0
3
0
1
0
2
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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9
1
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0
0
f>
6
OUTSIO
MOUN-
TAIN
l
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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13
0
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6
6
6
0
0
0
4
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1
1
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2
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7
4
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1
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PAC-
IFIC
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
S3
11
7
11
2*
18
12
2
1
3
15
3
0
2
10
5
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0
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
31
17
o
5
1
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10
UNI-
TED
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0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
0
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0
0
0
00
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 0»/2l/Tl
ABSOLUTE TALL* CLASSIFIED HY «USlC ANSWERS TO Q'IKSTlONS IN TtRMS Of RF.flTON 0? RESPONDENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT OF
51 TO 75 PERCENT CF RFVEMJ*
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT REVENUE
IMPORTER ANO EXPORTED
i TO 25 PFRCENT OF REVENUE
26 TO 50 PEHCENT CF RF.VENUF
51 TO 75 PEHCENT CF RFVF.NUF
MORE THAN 75 PF.RCFNT REVENUE
PAPER STOCK OFALf-PPOCSW
i TO 25 PERCENT OF PEVF.NUE
26 TO 50 PF.HCENT CF RrVENUF.
51 TO 75 PFHCF.NT CF RF.VENUF
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT RKVENi/E
PAPF.R STOCK HHOKER
1 TO 25 PpHCE*T OF KEVF.NUE
26 TO 50 PFHCFNT CF RKVENUF
51 TO 75 PERCENT CF HFVENUF.
MO»E THAN 75 PERCENT REVENUE
TEXTILE HEALF.R-PHOCF.SSOK
1 TO 25 PFPCFNT OF REvF.NUE
26 TO 50 PFHCFNT CF RFVENIIF
51 TO 75 PEHCFNT CF RF.VENUF
MORE THAM 75 PERCENT HF.VF.NUE
TEXTILE RROKF.H
i TO 25 PFRCF.NT OF «EVE*UE
?6 TO 5ft PERCENT CF
5> TO 75 PEHCENT CF
MORE THAM 75 PERCENT
TEXTILE GARNETTPR
i TO 2s PFRCFNT OF REVENUE
26 TO 50 PF.HCFNT OF RKVF.NUP
51 TO 75 PFHCFNT CF RFVENUF
MORE THAN 7-j PERCENT REVENM
OTHER FUNCTION
1 TO 25 PFRCFNT OF REVENUE
?6 TO «»0 PEHCFNT CF RKVENUF
51 TO 75 PERCENT CF
MORE THAN 75 PEHCt'NT
TOTAL NUMRFH OF EMPLOYEES
fl TO 25
26 TO 50
51 TO 100
101 TO 15n
MtiRr. THAN i5p ,
ALUMINUM
i TO 25 PFRCENT OF EMPLOYEES
?6 TO 50 PERCENT CF E"PL*f:S
51 TO 75 PEHCFNT CF E»'Pt_YFS
MURK THAU 7S PFRCKNT
AND PRA5S
MIO- EAST EAST WFST WEST
NEW OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH
UN- ENG- ATLAN ATLAN CEN- CEN- CF.N- CEN- MOUN-
TOTAL KNOWN LAN1
2
i
t,
101
71
11
7
12
89
2fl
26
13
2?
HI
35
14
lo
1H
4A
1 H
*
in
14
21
17
.-. 5
1
1
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4
2
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1
4fi
26
g
1
lo
554
25»«
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84
37
S2
3l«?
171
/55
Jf?
f»4
2»"»
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0
0
6
4
1
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8
3
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1
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7
3
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1
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
ft
0
0
0
(t
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0
A
A
0
44
29
12
1
1
1
?4
14
ft
o
2
24
r
\
n
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4
1
1
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1
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44
91
19
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94
14
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94
TIC
0
0
0
»5
27
3
4
11
19
7
7
3
2
8
S
2
6
14
4
2
3
5
8
5
2
0
I
4
1
9
0
1
9
1
2
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6
156
Ml
26
19
6
24
/6
48
7
3
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71
1IC
1
0
0
10
7
3
0
0
9
2
2
4
1
6
4
2
0
0
9
2
0
5
2
6
4
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
S
3
1
0
1
49
9
18
14
5
3
28
19
3
1
S
21
TRAL
0
0
0
14
12
l
0
i
29
12
12
0
5
28
8
4
8
8
10
5
2
1
2
4
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
16
9
5
1
1
149
62
32
26
12
17
. 85
44
15
6
20
67
TRAL
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
I
0
1
2
3
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
' 0
0
1
I
0
0
0
19
5
6
5
2
1
13
6
3
1
1
7
TRAL TRAL
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
5
2
0
1
2
S
' 4
1
0
0
5
2
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
k
0
0
1
0
2
1
1
0
0
23
9-
4
7
2
1
12
h
n
?
4
9
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
.4
0
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
?
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
18
3
- 4
A
9
1
12
8
4
0
0
10
TAIN
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
16
9
4
1
1
1
10
- 4
4
1
1
8
OUTSIO
UNT-
PAC- TEO
IFIC STATE
1
0
0
ir
13
2
2
0
10
1
3
2
4
9
4
1
2
2
4
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
8
0
0
2
79
50
13
?
6
3
51
21
11
8
11
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 0
0
' 0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
. 0
1
1
0
0
0
1
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS o*/?i/7i
ABSOLUT* TALLY CLASSIFIER BY BASIC ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TERMS OF REGION OF RESPONDENT
1 TO 25 PERCENT OF F.MPLOYEFS
?6 TO 50 PERCENT CF
51 TO 75 PF.RCFNT OF
MORE THAM 75 PERCENT EMPLYFS
LEAD
1 TO 25 PFRCENT OF F.MPLOYEFS
26 TO 50 PFRCF.NT CF £MPL*ES
.511 TO 75 PEHCFNT OF E"PLYES
MORE THAN 75 PF.RCEN' F.MPLYKS
ZINC ' ; \ ' ; ::
i TO 25 PFRCFNT OF F.MPLOYEFS
?6 TO so PEHCFNT CF E^PLYES
51 TO 75 PERCFNT OF E«PI.YES
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT >MPLYFS
NICKEL AND MCKFL ALLCVS,
' 1 TO 25 PF.WCE-NT OF F.MPLOYEFS
26 "TO 50 PS.RCFNT CF E<«PLYF.S
51 TO 75 PERCENT CF E*PLYES
MORE *HAN 75 PERCENT F.MPLYFS
STAINLESS STEEL
i TO 25 PFRCFNT OF
26 TO 50 PFWCFNT CF
.51 TO 75 PF.RCFNT CF
MO»E THAN 75 PERCENT
PRECIOUS MF.TALS
1 TO 25 PERCENT OF
?6 To 50 PERCFNT CF
51 TO 75 PFUCPNT OF E'PLYES
MORE 'HAN 75 PERCENT (--MPLY^S
EXOTIC MFTAt.S
1 TO 25 PFRCF.NT OF FMPLOYEPS
?6 TO 50 PERCENT CF
51 TO 75 PF.RCFNT CF
MORE THAM 75 PERCENT
SCRAP ME'TAI.S . " ...
1 TO 25 PFRCFNT OF EMPLOYEES
26 TO 50 PFUCF.NT CF F>PLYES
5i.to 75 PF.RCFNT CF E*CKNT Cf
MOWE THAN 75 PEHCFM
APFA OF OUTDOOR STOU AGF. »PHOC
NEW,
UN- ENG-
TOTAL KNOWN L*NO
11*«
6?
*?
44
199
.' 173
7 '
3
\ 1*
, 167
l*H
«
3
H
179
155
13
f>
'.. 5
^ Ifi*
11*
*> .
:.' 2
1
: 75
60
i
i
11
65
57
*
2
3
150
6?
*5
32
1'*
1"3
17
1)
H
/hT
- 'S4-.
11
11
1
31
57 H
8
11
4
1
?1
1<»
0
n
1
17
17
0
0
0
21
21
0
n
n
l*
\t
0
0
n
*
6
0
0
n
5
5
0
0
0
15
d
5
1
1
10
2
1
n
7
2
1
1
o
n
45
n
11
4
1
?«
.1°
., . ' i
^
1
17
17
»:
*\.
(-s
?i
?i
. >
i
A
i«
n
r>
n
A
«.
t.
*
1
t
5
- 5
\
.*
. p
IS
a
s
i
i
!>
?
*(.
"\
1
?
1
1
i
\
45
MID- EAST EAST WF.ST WEST
OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH
ATI; AN ATLAN CEN- CEN- CFN- CEN- MOUN-
TIC
27
15
14
19
54 ..
. "46
- 3
.. 0
5
41
36
1
0
4
52
M
4
?
5
47
43
2
1
1
35
25
1
1
8
26
24
I
0
J
27
14
4
1
4
22
3
V
2
14
. ^n
c
2
ft
13
in
TIC
12
4
4
1
; is
15
0
1
2
12
12
0
- 0
0
11
11
0
0
0
17
16
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
5
4
0
1
0
20
6
6
ft
?
11
3
1
3
4
9
1
?
0
6
50
TRAL
31
12
10
1*
50
4J
2
2
5
46
36
.' 5
. '- 2
3
,-*3
36
5
2
0
46
44
2
0
0
io
9
0
(1
1
1.5
11
I
' ' -.' I
2
39
11
13
9
6
3*
6
4
2
22
10
3
2
1
4
'1S2
TRAL
4
2
0
1
5
4
1
0
0
ft
5
1
0
0
4
- 4 -
0
0
0
5 '
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
0
n
0
0
fl
2
2
2
2
5
2
0
n
3
2
0
n
0
?
19
TWAL TrtAL TAIN
6
1
0
2
7
7
0
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
7
5
1
1
0
6
%
1
0
0
1
1
to-
ft
0
1
1
0
n
0
6
4
L
'0
1
5
1
0
1
3
4
0
1
n
3
24
7
3
0
0
10
9
0
0
' i ::
e
r
i
0
0
7
7
0
0
0
9
9
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
10
1
4
4
1
4
0
?
0
2
?
0
?
0
0
1«
4
3
0
1
6.
6
0
0 .
0
5
5
0
0
0
' 3-
3
0
0
0
4 -'
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
1
I
0
0
0
5
2
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
I ,
17
OUTSTO
UN1-
I»AC- TEO
IF 1C STATE
19
11
: s .
5
Z*
25
1
0
2
25
21
0
1
1
31
ZT...
3
I
0
32
31
1
0
0
17
1*
1
0
:.. 2
10
9
1
0
0
2*
I*
5
7 .
2
11
0
0
0
11
3
1
0
0
z
81
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
"0.
b
i
i
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
10
o
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 0*/?1/T1
ABSOLUTE TAltV CLASSIFIED BY BASIC ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TfcRMS OF REGION 0* RESPONDENT
AREA UNKNOWN
1 ACRt
2 ACRES
3 TO 5 ACRES
6 TO lo
II TO 15
MORE THAN J5
AREA UNDER POOF
UNKNOWN AREA
LESS THAN soon SOUARE FEET
5C01 TO lOtOOO SO.FEET
ir-,ooi TO ps.ooo so.FEET
2S.001 TO 50.000 .SO.FEET
MORE THAN 50.0QO SO.FEET
TOTAL VALUF OF PLANT«EOUIPMENT
LESS THAN *25o,«oo
f?5o,000 TO.f^00,000
$501,000 TO *i MILLION
Jl.00l.00n TO $2 "ILLION
*2»ool,ooo TO *7 BILLION
t7»DOi.ooo TO *io MILLION
OVER tio BILLION
TOTAL 19*9 GROSS
UMOER H),000,000
I'OOO'OOO TO
3»000»000 TO S.OOO.OO'I
5«000«000 TO
«»OCO«000 TO
12.000,000 TO 20,00",000
?n,000,000 TO 30.000*000
3u,AOO,000 TO 5o»000»')00
OVER 50,000.000
HANDLES ALUMINUM
SCRAP MECEVU IMJSTBAL SOURCES
i TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT ,
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
COLLECTOR/Of4LER SCUHCFS
1 TO 25 PFRCENT
26 TO 50 PEHCFNT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
SOURCE
i TO 25
26 TO 5n
51 TO 7S
MOWE THAM 75 PI-. RCENI
VOLUME PHOCSi) MOT "
?on NF T TONS
TOTAL
184
5?
6?
99
66
31*
76
57H
83
54
69
13H
9S
153
417
114
103
77
5H
47
7
-11
/53.1
93
165
93
M
37
39
12
2f
13
393
29)
96
^8
51
H«,
26V
h7
73
.3H
71
189
1?4
.* '
1*
i\
31
V4
UN-
KNOWN
12
4
B
7
5
5
4
45
" 5
3
5
IS
10
8
34
12
11
8
1
0
1
1
40
8
15
7
3
3
3
1
0
0
33
24
5
5
4
1"
20
9
5
4
2
16
10
5
fl
|
26
*
NEW
ENG-
LAND
1?
4
g
7
5
5
4
45
5
1
5
15
1 "
4
34
1?
11
«
1
A
1
1
4-
q
!«;
7
3
1
3
1
.->
<\
V\
?4
S
S
4
1"
?"
O
S
4
?
1*
1"
"S
<
1
74
«
MIO-
OLE SOUTH
ATLAN ATLAN
TIC
83
14
10
24
17
6
17
m
49
10
15
35
24
42
99
24
2o
19
14
17
1
4
152
19
35
35
\*t
13
U
J
M
7
9»
6'5 '
23
11
9
It
6,"?
lii
14
11
11
3'S
21
)
f>
67
l'>
TIC
14
3
5
9
8
2
9
50
1
7
2
11
10
20
41
9
13
7
7
5
0
0
46
6
16
12
5
2
3
1
1
0
37
26
9
7
4
6
24
7
9
3
5
19
11
4
2
2
29
6
EAST
NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
3H
10
17
32
20
12
23
152
13
11
19
32
26
53
113
32
23
18
18
14
3
5
143
21
53
It
17
9
12
2
8
4
100
81
30
15
14
22
74
20
19
11
24
46
35
6
2
3
81
?H
fcAST
SOUTH
CEN-
TRAL
2
2
2
2
4
1
6
19
2
1
1
7
4
4
12
1
6
1
3
0
0
I
18
5
5
2
5'
0
0
1
0
0
16
10
2
0
2
6
10
5
2
0
3
4
3
1
n
A
11
4
WEST
NORTH
CEN-
TRAL
8
2
2
4
2
3
3
24
2
1
4
2
5
11
21
' 4
6
4
5
2
0
0
22
S
7
4
1
2
1
]
0
1
19
15
1
2
3
7
14
6
3
0
5
7
6
1
0
0
14
3
WEST
SOUTH
CEN-
TRAL
1
2
1
4
4
3
3
18
0
1
1
9
3
5
16
1
5
7
2
1
0
0
17
3
3
4
3
0
. 1
2
0
1
12
11
6
3
2
0
10
2
2
4
2
11
4
0
A
12
?
OUTS ID
UNT-
MOUN-
TAIN
3
2
4
0
3
3
2
17
0
3
3
5
4
2
15
5
4
2
2
2
0
0
16
4
7
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
15
13
1
4
4
4
10
S
4
0
1
10
8
2
0
0
13
6
PAC-
IFIC
23
13
13
17
2
. 4
9
01
11
16
18
22
9
a
65
25
15
11
6
6
2
0
78
22
23
10
10
7
S
1
0
0
62
45
17
9
8
11
44
16
15
3
10
40
24
8
4
8
56
17
TED
STATE
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
i
0
1
1
0
0
0
I
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
ro
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS o*/?i/71
±33
ABSOLUTF TALLY CLASSfFIED BY BASIC ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TtRMS OF REGION OF RESPONDENT
2f»0 TO 500
500 TO V»00H0
1 »000 TO 3«000!
i.o;oo TO s.ooo
OVER StOOO .
VOLUME SMELTO.MELTQsOTwER
"UNDER.. -tdO'1 NET TONS-
30'f) TOV V.SOO '-
- 1 tSiiO TO "5 1 00ft
to' fooooo- ,
TO ?n'»6od X
2 >V soVtfoo'
HAWl'llES. pOPPEH OR .
S'CR'AP' R'ECFvO fKitfs'TBAL SOURCFS
i -TO; 2~S-PFR'CF>T' '
26' TO SO" PFRCEAiT .
«?l! TO' 75;
.7'*.
r To1 2s PF«CENT
2/> T;6\so' p'F!4CFNT
SI; TO* fS'-PEMCENT
V. TO1 2s
>6 rb 5}6
Sli TO1 7*5
' T.MA-M 7S
.-PR'o'cSi»
?nri' MF.T
2r>o TO son
S'd'O' TO' ff.r;o~ff.
lirO'0'0' TO
TONS
*ER
TONS
>«on'6- TO ro't'00'01
l-r.yoo1 TO
M'iOOO; T'O''
o'VEw' S'o
SOURCFS
v TO ?«;
?ft TO Sn
SI TO 7S
MUHF. THAM 7S
COiiLECTow/of A
MIO- £AST LAST wFST WEST OUTSfO
'*"'.' NEW OLfc SOUTH- NORTH SOUTH NOPTn SOUTH' UNf
UN- F.NG- ATl.AN ATLAN CEN- Cf.N- CFN- CEN- MOUN- PAC- TED
, TOTAL KNOWN I.ANO
71
54
; 5n ':
2o .'
21
;',. i'66 ..',
.': H4- .'_.'
."" ?'«r ' ;"
' :. : if v
9 "'
14
6 ' '
.:' r
' 4 1 1'
2^6 .
jo* ;
7f
' ,'.' . 35 ';;
74 ;,
27*1'
- 7V
7 |i
I >''*. ''
,; ' fiff "..'
Iff ft-' '-'.
lii
33
15
?7
314
7? ,
44
frv :
*1
44-
31 ::.
I1 3 1 -
89
1!iJ.
f ;
9' -
5'. '.
1 ' - 9
37r.
2 r V
ny
41
IH
S3
4
1
S
«;
ii
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4
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<<'
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4
41-.
4
A
4
A'
c|
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1s
1
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TT
10
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4
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TtC -TIC fKAL TRAL TRAL TBAL
is
-'. ' 8 ''
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- * ' ,.
..-' 3'6V- ..-
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4"
J -2' .V
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74
27
17
i\
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16
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17
. 6'
.,' 2"
H
79
26
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17
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bl
9
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5' .
4
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37
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10'
3
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21
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51
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4
2
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ioo
7ft
32
i7
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i9
70
16
15
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44
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6
3
5
79
in
il-
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3
i
2
98'
60
28
11
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62
2
i
2
1
1
6
2
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2
0'
0
V
0
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. .8
3
3
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2
7
61
2
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4
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2
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2
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0
0
4
3
1
o"
0
0'
0
12
s
1
2
0
2
S
fi
0
2
3
0
10
- 5--'' -'
:." i
i
6
2
6
i
i6
12
.*.
'2:
2
4
12
4
3 '
?
'. 3
7
4
2 v
0
1
13
1
2
-- 4
3'
1
2
4
, 3" "
d
0"
0
'
10
4
1
2
^
11
2
2
4
1
1
9
3'
5
1
d
d
d
0
13
ii
s
5
d
i
11
2
'4'
2
3
12
fl
1
2
1
i3
1
d
5
3
2
2
6
4
0"
0
0
0
13
io
8"
2
0
0
11
TAIN IF 1C STATE
2
V
'' 21
0
2
7
6
d
d
d
0
ii
i
14
ii
2
3.
2
' *
id
3
4
2
V
io
8
1
d
i
ii
i
6
4
V
1
0
. 4 .
4
ft
d
d
0'
6
13
10
3
3
0
.*
9
12
7
9
6
5
28
12 .-.-
9
5
2
0
0
.0
59
4V3
22
id
.i
jd
40
it
12' -
9 '
8
39
i
-------
MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS O«/?I/TI
ABSOLUTE TALLY CLASSIFIED HV HASIC ANSWFWS TO OUESTIONS IN TtRMS OF REGION fif RESPONDENT
1 TO 25 PFRCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
OVER-THF-SCALE SOURCES
i TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PFRCFNT
MORE THAN 7"v PERCENT
VOLUME PROCSO NOT »LTEO.
UNDER 100 NET TONS
100 TO 200
2;0 TO 1.000 \
1.000 TO 2*0-00
2«000 TO 4.000
OVER 4,000
VOLUME SMEI.TO»MELTC«CTME«
UNDER 1 .000 NET TONS
1.000 TO 2.000
2.000 TO ft.000
ft.000 TO 10.000
1?«000 TH 20.000
OVER 20.000
HANDLES 7 INC
SCRAP RECEVO INOSTRAL SOURCFS
1 TO 25 PFRCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 10 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 7S PERCENT
COLLECTOR/OE4LFR SOURCES
i TO ?5 PFRCENT
?6 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75
MORE THAN 7S
OVER-THE-SCALE SOURCES
i TO 25 PFRCENT
?6 TO 50 PFRCFNT
«i1 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 7v PERCENT
VOLUME PROCSI) NOT »>ELTE'>
UNDER 50 NET TONS
5*" TO 100
100 TO 500
SCO TO 1*00<>
1*000 TO ?«000
OVER 2.000
VOLUME SMF.LTO.MELTCtOTMEW
' UNDER 500 NET TONS
5^0 TO 1.
1 .r/io TO
MID- EAST tAST WF.ST
NEW OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NO«Tn
UN- ENG- ATLAN ATLAN CEN- CEN- CEN-
TOTAL KNOWN L*Nn
56
57
31
79
17o
76
29
l*i
49
266
inf.
34
P3
18
11
14
136
108
10
5
3
2
8
351
3*1
83
31
19
80
195
64
41
2H
62
15"
76
?5
1 .1
39
2^*
95
43
88
14
A .
*i
1 1 J>
M?
7
v»
7
6
3
4
15
5
6
2
2
22
11
3
3
1
. 2
2
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
33
33
7
3
2
12
16
6
5 .
1
4
14
6
5
1
2
23
15
1
7
n
0
0
9
9
^
i
7
*
' 1
4
)
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 04/j»i/7i
ABSOLUTE TALLY CLASSIFIED HY RA4TC ANSWERS TO OilESTIONS IN TERMS OF REQION 0^ RESPONDENT
1.
3.000 TO
5»000 TO 10*000
OVER .1.0.606
MANULES NICKEL ANO' NICKEL ALOY
RECEI ytn INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
1 TO 2S PFRCENT
-26 TO 50 PERCENT ; -.--
51 TO: 75 PERCENT
., MORE THAN 7«> PERCENT
COLLECTOR/DEALER SOURCES,
1 TO 2S PFRCENT .,.:.,
26 TO SO PERCENT r X i
SI TO 75 PERCENT -.
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
OVER-THF-SCALE SOURCES
1 TO 2s PFRCENT :
'.26' TO SO PERCENT ''.'...
51 TO 7S PERCENT
MORE THAN 7s PERCENT
VOLUME- NICKEL ANO AL'CV PROCSO
il'ingR v?n TONS
20 TO 100
1 CO TO 300
300 TO Soo -
SOI TO i ,000 ;
OVER 1.0.00
HANDLES STAINLESS STEEL
RECEIVED TKOUSTRTAL SOURCES
i TO 2s PERCENT
26 TO SO PERCENT
SI TO 75 PERCENT [ .'. ~
MORE -THAN 7S PERCENT
COLLECTOR/HEALER SO'lMCt-'S
1 TO ?5 PFRCFNT
26 TO sn "PERCENT -
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 .PE»CF/IT
OVER-THE-SCALE SOURCES
1 TO 2s : PERCENT
?6 TO 50 PERCENT
SI TO 75' PERCENT
MORE THAN 7S PERCENT
VOLUME PROCESSED
UNDER ?no NKT TONS
2'iO TO 1,000
,tr i ,o')0 TO
*^3.000 TO
5,000 TO 10,000
S Pnrr'ions
- - Mto. EAST EAST WEST WEST OUTSID
"NEW OLE SOUTH. NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH « . ".'.\.... UNI-
. UN- .ENO- ATLAN ATLAN CEN- CtN- CEN- CEN- MOUN- PAC- TEO
TOTAL KNOWN LANT --- -
«'
3:"--.
fl .'"
. 3*8 ;
225;
62
44
3,? :
; B7 ;
21* ?,-
61 ,-.
53 y
26
71
13!V
91
15
7
Ifl
26*
71 .
79
Sf
22
17
22
345
21«
M
51
2H
7H
199
o '*
57
3*
H?
15*
I os
??
«-
! 19
2S4
10l"
»'3/
29'
A
4
11
\
A .
i
*\ .
34
?«.
1
" '*v ".i
-'5 '
1 5
19
0
^
"- ?-
4
1 T
1?
1
0
n
?*.!
S
q
8
1
?
7
11
?4
?
S'
' T
14
IT
- .7 ;
4
. 'q
i
n
11
o
^
. .>
?3
T
11
5
n
n
1. .
1*
TTC
2 ,-. .
1
1
101 ;
5fl\,
20 v
12 v.
10
16--;-
61 ->'
9
19
5. --.
28 \
Ifl
12
4 .
1
1
66
12
18
17
7
6
6
MS
47
16
14
5
12
46
10
11
in
15
24
IS
4
-I''-
4
49
16
17
7,
2
2
5
OS
TIC THAL
1
0
0
30
19
7
1 "
4
7
17
8
3 ;
i
5
11
"6"::..'
2
1
2 -.
23
5
10
5
1
0
2
34
19
q
4
1
6 .-
18
5
8
0
5
17
11
4
1
1 .
25
11
I?
1
0
n
1
1«
2
2
4
81
53
15
12
5
21
50
16
9
a
17
31
22
2
2
5
66
19
20
11
4
"4-
8
86
56
21
12
7
16
56
17
10
10
19
38
28
2
4
4
68
28
27
6
3
i
3
*1
IRAL TRAL TRAL TAIN IEIC STATE
0
0
0
12
7
0
1
0
A
3
2
1
0
0
4 -"
3
0
0
1
».-.,-
4
1
2
1 '
0
0
13
. '. '7 '
0
1
0
6
- ". 5
^'
1
0
1
4
2
n
--. o
2
8
2
S
1
0
n
n
4
0
0
0
16
10
3
1
' 2 '"-
. 4: '
9
0
2 ..':
3
4 -
4 -.'
4 ,
0
0
0
13
5
3
1
3
0
1
15
l.o :
0
3
0
7
8
3
2
1
2
6
6
0
0
0
11
5
3
3
fi
n
n
7
1
0
0
11
10
2
V 3
9 ' '' '
''.-.': 3 --'
10
4. -
3
- I'/--'
2
8
6
1
1
0
11
2 :-.
5
'.- 2 .'.
0
1
1
13
v 8
3
0
. ' 3 -.
2
9
2
4 '
1
2
.9
6
1
1
1
It
2
7
1
0 -
0
1
1
0
0
0
11
10
2
",;4 ' '
0
. 4
7
2
2
1
2
5
'."4 -
1
0
0
10
3
'-.4
2
1
0
0
13
10
2
5
0
3
8
2
4
0
2
A'
6
1
0
1
11
8
2
1
0
0
0
S
0
0
1
51
31
12
5
.' -4
10
34
12
9
5
.-.S--:'
36
21
: 4
2
9
44
16
10
8
"4 ' ;'
A-
2
54
36
9
7
8
12
31
10
13
^ .
5
34
19
a
l
6
47
21
14
4
1
1
1
31
0
0
0
1
1
6
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
p
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
\
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
to
P-
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS o*/2l/7l
\
ABSOLUTE TALL* CLASSTFIFD MV RASTC ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TtRMS OF RF.QION Of RESPONDENT
RECEIVED INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
i TO 25 PERCENT
?* TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED COLLFCTOR/DEALER
i TO 25 PERCENT
?6 TO so PERCFNT
51 TO 75 PERCFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED OVER-THF.-SCALE
1 TO 25 PERCENT
?6 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PEMCFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
VOLM PROCSO NOT PEFINO-WEIGHT
UNDER ? NFT TONS
2 TO 5
5 TO lo
1" TO 15
15 TO ?A
OVER 20
PROCSO NOT REFI NO-SOLUTIONS
UNDER 100 GALLONS
K'0 TO 1,000
1.000 TO 5*000
5-000 TO 10,000
OVER 10.000
VOLUME GOLD REFINED
UNDER 500 TROY OZ
5"0 TO 1.000
1.000 TO 2.000
?«000 TO 5.000
5.000 TO ?5.000
OVER 25.000
VOLUME SILVER PEFINFR
UNDER.500 TWOV 02
500 TO 1.000
1.000 TO ?«000
2.00A TO 5.000
5.000 TO ?5,000
(WE* 25*000
VOLUME PLATINUM REFINED
l|NOEp 500 TROV f)Z
500 TO 1.000
1.000 TO ^.000
2*030 TO 5.000
5.000 TO ?5.00!»
OVF.ri 2S.POO
ANHLES FKOTIC METALS
MID. EAST EAST WPST WEST
NEW OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH
UN. ENf»- ATLAN ATLAN CEN- CEN> CEN- CEN- MOUN*
TOTAL KNOWN LANO
94
15
16
5
5M
7-4
3f
16
7
26
41
23
H
A
lo
112
61 .
11
13
5
2
2"
41
24
6
5
5
1
53
3"
2 .
2
s
5
g
7.t
21
11
5 '
4
11
18
4Q
3?
4
2
^
3
s
2"?
10
I
2
0
7
9
4 '
3
1
1
4 '
I
3
0
0
9
6
0
0
0
0
3
5
2
0
2
1
0
5-
3
n
1
0
0
2
5
0
I
1
n
0
3
4
4
0
0
0
*!
1
?5
1 *
1
7
.1
7
9
4
3
1
1
4
I
1
n
0 .
9
4
1-
n
T
0
3
5 .
9
n
9
1
n
s
1
»
A
0
>
9 .
«?
*
1
1
i
1
4
4
*
*
/>
*
-.
?1
TIC
25
2
5
1
17
25
9 '
S
1
10
5
3
9
0
0
24
11
3
2
>
0
10
17
a
4
>
4
t
18
7
t
0
9
3
5
22
. 4
2
1
9
5
4
11
S
<»
1
J
4
60
TIC
7
2
2
1
2
7
2
3
1
1
3
1
I
0
1
11
3
3
2
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
1
0
A
1
1
Jt
2
0
0
0
0
0
is
TRAL TRAL TPAL TRAL TAIN
21
4
3
1
13
17
3
3
1
10
8
6
1
0
1
26
20
0
: 4
0
0
2
9
6
1
2
0
A
9
7
A
0
0
1
1
15
7
3
0
1
2
2
ti
6
0
i
0
n
I
si
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
I
0
0
A
1
I
1
A
A
0
A
A
A
A
0
A
A
A
0
0
A
A
0
A
0
A
0
0
A
A
0
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
0
5
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
A
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
2
1
1
0
0
A
1
1
0
0
0
0
1 v
A
0
0
1
0
A
1
A
0
1
0 -
0
0
1
1
0
>
0
t
0
7
3
1
1
0
1
3
1
1
0
1
3
3
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
1
1
0
0
0
0
A
9.
0
1
A
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
A
A
6
3
0
1
0
2
3
1
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
5
4.
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
2
1
1
0
A
0
0
3
1
0
A
1
A
. 1
1
I
0
0
0
A
0
4
OUTSIO
UNT-
PAC- TCO
IFIC
21
5
2
1
13
14
10
0
2
2
13
6
0
0
7
25
11
3
4
2
2
3
9
7
1
1
0
0
14
9
0
2
1
1
1
17
8
3
2
0
2
2
14
12
A
0
0
2
0
34
STATE
1
0
0
- 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
A
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
to
in
-------
SECONDARY MATE«TALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 04/31/71
7
AflSOLUTF. TALLY CLASSIFIED BY BASIC ANSwrRS TO O'lESTIONS IN TtRMS OF REGION f)f RESPONDENT
RECEIVED INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
i TO 25 PERCENT
?6 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED COLLECTOR/DEALER
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PEHCFNT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED OVER-THE-SCALEN
1 TO 25 PFRCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PEHCFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
VOLUME PROCESSED
MNOEB 5 NFT TONS
5 TO In
K TO ?5
25 TO 50
5r TO 100
tvER 100
HANDLES PAPER
PU^CHSD MANUFR CONtfRT PRNT PL
i TO 25 PFRCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MURE THAN 75 PERCENT
pijwcHASEu FROM OFFICE MLOGS
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
PDRCnSO S'IPRMRK,OEPT.STOR.ETC
i TO 25 PERCENT
2* TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE INAN 7s PERCENT
PU&CHSO COLLECTOR/DEALER
I TO 25 PFRCENT
?6 TO 50 PEHCI-NT
51 TO 75 PFRCFNT
THAN 75 PERCENT
FROM ovEw-THE-SCALE
TO 25 PFPCf>T
?h TO so et-RCFNT
SI TO 7S PE«CPNT
MORE THAN 7S PF.RCFNT
IWCHASPO FROM OTHf-R SOURCES
1 TO 25 PFPCENT
1
MID- EAST tAST WEST WEST OUTSIO
NEW OLE SOUTH KORTM SOUTH NORTH SOUTH UNT-
UM- (TNG- ATuAN rtTLAN CEN- CEN- CEN- CEN- MOUN- PAC- TED
TOTAL KNOWN LANO
117
23
18
13
63
. HI
26
25
8
'66
4?
1 1
3
8
r
7
18
3
2
0
13
10
3
3
t
3
5
3
2
0
0
14
8
1
2
1
2
4
IS
15
4
0
I
4
3
3
0
0
0
5
2
2
1
n
7
3
2
0
2
5
' 3
I
0
1
0
0
18
1
y
i
13
11
1
1
1
1
«S
1
?
A
f>
I"
A
1
>
1
?
4
15
1*
4
1
1
4
1
1
0
n
\
*
>
?
1
<>
T
1
>
*
>
5
»
1
-
1
rt
>
TTC
29
4
8
4
13
27
9
9
2
7
4
4
0
0
0
29
7
, 3
6
2
2
9
53
53
f>
2
5
7
8
8
0
0
0
A
8
0
0
0
18
f,
5
1
6
8
«>
1
1
0
2
2
TIC
7
0
0
0
7
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
4
0
0
1
2
1
20
20
6
2
0
3
4
4
0
0
0
7
4
3
0
0
9
5
3
0
I
9
3
3
1
2
0
0
THAL TRAL
27
5
5
3
14
19
4
4
3
8
7
5
0
0
2
31
18
1
5
1
1
S
44
44
7
7
9
13
9
8
1
0
0
16
14
2
0
0
29
16
9
3
\
?4
19
4
0
1
2
2
1
0 .
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
5
5
1
I
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
3
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
TRAL TRAL TAIN IFIC STATE
4
1
0
2
1
2
0
- 1
1
0
2
1
1
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
0
1
5
5
2
1
0
2
3
3
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
n
4
1
2
0
1
?
2
5
2
0
1
2
S
1
2
0
2
4
4
0
0
0
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
1
0
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY-CENSUS 04/21/71
ARSOLUTE TALLY CLASSIFIED HV RAMC ANSWERS TO OHESTIONS IN TERMS OF REGION Of RESPONDENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECVO FROM ORGANIZ.INSTUTNL
1 TO c5 PPRCEK'T
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED FROM MUNICIPAL «ASTE
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PEHCFNT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
TONNAGE OF PAPFR PURCHASED
0 TO 25*AOO NFT TCNS
25,000 TO SO.not)
5'itOOO TO 75,000
75,000 TO 100,000
100,000 TO 125,000
1*5,000 TO 150,000
150,000 Tn 175*000
175,00o TO 200,000
oven 200*000
TOTAL TONNAGE PMVSCALV HNOLFO
i TO 25 PERCENT
2* TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
TONNAGE COULO PMYSCALY HNDLFO
o TO 6,000 NET TONS
6,000 TO 10,000
in,000 TO 15,000
26,000
25.000
35,000
50,000
15,000
2 i.OOO
25,000
35,000
OVER
HOURS
TO
Tn
TO
TO
So,000
OPERATED
PER *EEK
L*S5 THAM 35
16 TO 40 HOURS
41 TO 45 HO'JRS
OVEH 45 HOURS
HNOUS TEXTLS.MRL CUTNGS«HAC,S
RECEIVED FQOM tNWJSTRL
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PFRCENT
MURE THAN 75 PERCENT
RECEIVED
1 TO ?S PFBCf.» T
MID- EAST EAST WEST WEST OUTSTO
NFw OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH UNf
UN- CNG. ATLAN ATLAN CEN- CEN- CEN- CEN- MOUN- PAC« TED
TOTAL KNOWN LANO
n
0
f-
76
51
7
>
13
24
14
4 .
2
4
109
3ft
31
16
1
7
2
2
.' 1
,/12
89
26
17
14
32
91
21
4
A .
*
9
9
11
2S
99
3
15
3A
42
126
4 )
11
5
2
?il
41
?s
0
n
0
7
6
0
0
1
2
2
r
0
0
10
3
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
9
3
2
I
3
10
2
1
A
2
2
1
1
1
9
0
n
2
7
6
2
1
1
.1
0
2
I
n
n
A
7
A
«
o
1
9
9
*
n
<\
1 1
3
9
9 .
3
n
1
»
t
»
9
H
9
1
»
1 *!
9
1
^
?
9 \
1
1
1
9
-
t
9
7
4
9
1
1
-.
«
9
1
TIC
0
0
0
13
7
3
3
0
7
4
2
0
1
25
6
7
4
2
1
0
I
1
3
17
6
4
3
4
19
5
0
2
0
1
3
2
6
20
1
4
7
7
48
1?
4
A
1
r
17
8
TIC
0
0
0
8
4
1
1
2
3
2
1
0
0
13
7
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
12
2
1
3
6
10
1
2
1
2
2
1
0
1
13
0
6
7
0
14
7
1
1
1
4
5
5
TRAL TRAL TRAL TRAL TAIN
0
0
0
25
21
1
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
35
9
12
6
0
2
I
0
0
S
29
12
7
2
8
30
8
1
2
1
3
3
S
7
31
2
2
14
13
23
9
4
3
A
2
8
3
0
0
A
3
1
0
0
2
1
A
0
0
1
S-
3
1
0
A
0
A
0
A
1
4
0
0
1
3
4
2
A
A'
0
1
n
1
A
4
A
A
4
A
5
2
1
A
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
5
3
0
0
2
1
1
A
0
0
5
0
2
A
1
1
A
1
0
A
. 4
2
0
1
t
9
1
A
1
0
A
0
1
2
5
0
2 .
1
2
6
4
1
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
.2
0
1
1
0
4
1
0
3
0
A
0
0
A
0
4
0
0
1
3
3
A
0
0
A
0
1
1
1
4
0
1
0
3
4
A
A
0
0
A
1
0 .
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
o
0
1
1
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
2
IFIC STATE
0
0
0
11
7
1
0
3
S
2
0
1
2
11
1
3
1
2
2
0
0
0
2
9
1
3
2
3
9
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
12
0
0
3
9
17
3
0
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
A
10-
I
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 04/21/71
1 >9
AHSOLUTF TALLY CLASSIFIF.O HY RASTC ANSWERS TO 0'JF.STIONS IN TERMS OF REfltON OF RESPONDENT
26 TO so PERCENT
Si TO T5 PERCENT
MORE THAM 7S PERCENT
RECVO ORGANZTN AND INSTITUTN
1 TO 25 PERCENT
26 TO SO PERCENT
5! TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 7S PERCENT
TONNAGE PHYSICALLY HANOLEO
1 TO 2s PERCENT
26 TO so PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MOPE THAN 75 PERCENT
COTTON CUTTINGS ANC RUGS
UNOEP 5«ooo*ono POUNDS
5*000*000 TO 10.000*000
I'.'t 3.00.000 TO 2S.000, 100
OVER 25»030«000
VOLUME WAS NEW MATERIAL
i TO 2s PERCENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PF.WCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
VOLUME was OLD MATERIAL
J TO 25 PPPCFNT
26 TO 5ft PERCENT
«il TO 75 PERCENT
MOPE THAN 75 PERCENT
PROCSO wOni. RAG CUTTING.RA6S
UNDER 5*000*000 POUNDS
5*000*000 TO in,000,000
10,000.000 TO 25,000*000
OVER 2s,onn,ooo
VOLUME WAS N?w MATERTAL
t TO 2s PERCENT
?6 TO SO PERCENT
Si TO 75 PEHCENT
IOPE THAN 75 PEQCENT
VOLUME WAS OLO MATERIAL
i TO 2s PERCENT
2*> TO so PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
PROCSO SYNTHETIC CL'TTNt-S.RAGS
IINOEW 5*000*000 POUND''
5, 000*000 TO 10,OU')«OO
\ .,»ooo«00n TO ?
OVER 2s,onn.0!io
NEW MATFRtM
i TO 2s
MTO- EAST EAST WEST WEST OUTSIO
NEW OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH UNT-
UN- ENG- ATI.AN ATLAN CEN- CEN- CFN- CEN- MOUN- PAC- TEO
TOTAL KNOWN LANH
3
2
11
28
fl
5
5
11
51
1
3
5
42
47
24
11
A
4
42
12
1
2
25
3?
6
3
4
!»
41
35
3
1
1
27
7
1
2
17
23
2
2
T
\'t
44
J7
S
2
«.
in
*
0
1
0
2
1
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
I
2
2
n
0
0
2
0
1
0
i
2
1
1
0
n
2
2
ft
n
n
I
0
0
1
0
i
0
1
n
n
2
2
i
n
0
f
1
i
1
ft
>
i
1
i
r
7
n
1
i
1
f
»
\
\
A
7
n
1
0
1
?
1
1
1
1
?
?
>
0
1
1
»
"
1
*
1
*
1
*
"
7
?
.-(
s
>
1
TIC
1
0
8
4
2
1
0
1
15
0
1
4
10
14
1
0
I
1?
4
3
I
.1
4
1?
11
2
:)
n
»
2
a
0
7
5
1
0
n
4
14
11
:j
ft
1
n
;>
nc
0
0
0
4
I
0
2
I
t
0
0
I
7
«
4
3
0
I
8
3
0
I
4
4
I
0
I
2
6
5
0
0
I
S
I
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
3
9
;
2
0
0
q
I
THAL TMAL TRAL TRAL TAIN
2
I
2
8
2
3
0
3
II
I
I
0
9
8
6
0
1
1
7
4
1
0
2
7
0
1
1
5
7
6
0
1
0
4
1
1
0
2
5
0
1
0
4
7
r
0
0
0
*>
?
0
0
0
I
n
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
n
1
0
2
2
0
n
0
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
n
0
1
2
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
9
4
5
2
2
1
0
4
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
?
4
4
0
n
0
3
1
n
0
2
2
0
n
n
2
I
2
T
1
0
3
1
n
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
<)
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
IMC STATE
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
0
5
4
2
0
2
0
3
1
0
0
2
4
1
0
1
2
S
4
1
0
0 .
3
1
0
1
1
4
1
0
0
3
5
5
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
to
00
-------
SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY CENSUS 04/21/71
ABSOLUTE TALL* CLASSIFIED Hf HASTC ANSWPRS TO QUESTIONS IN TERMS Of REGION Of RESPONDENT
26 TO 50 PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
OLD MATERIAL
1 TO 2S PERCENT
26 TO SO PERCFNT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
BLENDED WITH COTTON «<*OOLtETC
UNDER StOOQtOOO POUNDS
5«000»000 TO 10«000»000
ic«noo«ooo TO 2s«oootnoo
OVEH 2StOOO.OOO
NE" MATERIAL
i TO 2s PERCENT
2* TO SO PERCENT
51 TO 75 PERCENT
MO«E TMAN 7S PERCENT
OLO MATFHIftU
1 TO 2S PFRCENT
?6 TO so PERCENT
5-1 TO 75 PERCENT
MORE THAN 75 PERCENT
MIO- EAST EAST WEST WEST OUTSIO
NEW OLE SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH SOUTH UNI*
UN- ENG- ATLAN ATtAN CEN- CEN- C£N- CEN- MOON- PAC« TED
TOTAL KNOWN L»NH
t>
I
23
23
2
5
2
U
47
33
*
5
I
40
*
4 ..
1
27
2A
3
3
3
17
0
0
1
2
t
0
1
0
2
2
n
0
0
2
1
0
fl
1
I
0
0
1
0
A
»
1
?
1
0
1
rt
9
?
n
n
n
9.
1
)
»
1
1
n
n
1
<»
TIC riC THAL TRAL TRAL TRAL TAIN IFIC STATE
1
0
10
^
0
1
0
3
16
10
3
3
0
16
3
1
0
12
6
1
1
0
4
2
0
6
3
0
2
0
1
9
6
2
0
1
9
1
0
0
fl
2
I
0
1
0
2
0
2
6
0
2
0
4
8
7
1
0
0
6
2
2
0
2
8
4
2
0
6
1
0
1
I
0
0
1
0
2
1
n
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
I
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
I
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
4
1
0
0
3
5
4
1
0
0
3
t
0
t
I
5
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
10
\o
-------
130
Analysis by Operation
Table Number
A-l
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
Plant Area of Outdoor Storage
Plant Area Under Roof
Value of Plant and Equipment
1969 Gross Sales Revenue
Number of Employees.
TABLE A-l. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRY COMPANIES
BY SIZE OF OUTDOOR STORAGE AREA
Area of Outdoor Storage
Type of Operation
Nonferrous Scrap D-P
Nonferrous Metal Broker
Smelter and Refiner
Ingot Maker
Brass Mill
Scrap Iron P & B
Sweater
Importer & Exporter
Paper Stock D-P
Paper Stock Broker
Textile D-P
Textile Broker
Textile Garnetter
Other Function
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
One
Acre
13.7
8.6
13.5
10.8
18.5
7.8
5.8
9.7
11.1
13.7
9.1
11.1
33.3
8.6
Two
Acres
12.6
14.7
12.5
16.2
14.8
10.5
11.5
14.5
30.2
35.3
22.7
11.1
0.0
14.3
Three
to Five
Acres
25.2
25.0
22.9
18.9
18.5
22.9
11.5
27.4
33.3
25.5
22.7
22.2
0.0
22.9
More
than Five
Acres
48.5
51.7
51.0
54.1
48.1
58.8
71.2
48.4
25.4
25.5
45.5
55.6
66.7
54.3
-------
131
TABLE A-2. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRY COMPANIES
BY SIZE OF AREA UNDER ROOF
Type of Operation
Nonferrous Scrap D-P
Nonferrous Metal Broker
Smelter and Refiner
Ingot Maker
Brass Mill
Scrap Iron P & B
Sweater
Importer & Exporter
Paper Stock D-P
Paper Stock Broker
Textile D-P
Textile Broker
Textile Garnetter
Other Function
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Area
1
To
5000
13.1
6.4
7.8
2.5
10.3
12.7
5.5
3.8
4.9
7.5
4.5
5.3
0.0
15.0
Under Roof > Square Feet
5001
To
10000
13.7
13.6
7.8
10.0
13.8
15.9
12.7
14, 1
4.9
3.0
2.3
0.0
20.0
15.0
10001
To
25000
31.9
33.6
26.1
17.5
34.5
32.5
36.4
28.2
29.6
23.9
13.6
15.8
0.0
25.0
25001
To
50000
18.8
20.7
24.3
17.5
6.9
20.4
18.2
19.2
24.7
23.9
13.6
5.3
20.0
15.0
More
Than
50000
22.4
25.7
33.9
52.5
34.5
18,5
27.3
34.6
35.8
41.8
65.9
73.7
60.0
30.0
TABLE A-3. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRY COMPANIES
BY VALUE OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Total Value
Type of Operation
Nonferrous Scrap D-P
Nonferrous Metal Broker
Smelter and Refiner
Ingot Maker
Brass Mill
Scrap Iron P & B
Sweater
Importer & Exporter
Paper Stock D-P
Paper Stock Broker
Textile D-P
Textile Boker
Textile Garnetter
Dther Function
1
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. Q
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1
L To
250
35.6
34.2
29.2
22.9
40.0
26.5
18.7
27.1
32.9
32.2
40.0
31.6
0.0
27.0.
of Plant
251
To
500
16.9
12.6
10.4
8.6
12.0
15.4
12.5
17.1
23.3
25.4
15.0
31.6
40.0
18.9
ft Equipment, thousands of dollars
501
To
1000
21.8
22.5
15.6
14.3
12.0
25.0
22.9
18.6
17.8
16.9
22.5
15.8
0.0
21.6
1001
To
2000
14.2
14.4
17.7
28.6
16.0
19.9
25.0
22.9
15.1
13.6
17.5
10.5
20.0
24.3
2001
To
7000
8.8
13.5
15.6
17.1
8.0
11.8
18.7
11.4
9.6
10.2
5.0
10.5
40.0
8.1
7001
To
10000
1.5
0.9
3.1
2.9
4.0
1.5
2.1
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
More
Than
10000
1.1
1.8
8.3
5.7
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ik Ik
-------
TABLE A-4. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRY COMPANIES
BY SIZE CLASS IN TERMS OF 1969 SALES
Total 1969
Type of Operation
Nonferrous Scrap D-P
Nonferrous Metal Broker
Smelter and Refiner
Ingot Maker
Brass Mill
Scrap Iron P & B
Sweater
Importer & Exporter
Paper Stock D-P
Paper Stock Broker
Textile D-P
Textile Broker
Textile Garnetter
Other Function
Total
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Under
$1
18.6
14.2
10.5
7.1
10.7
16.1
11.8
9.4
29.3
21.3
12.8
17.4
0.0
20.0
$1
To
$3
28.7
20.6
22.8
19.0
25.0
30.3
29.4
21.9
43.9
42.7
57.4
47.8
12.5
33.3
$3
To
$5
19.9
21.9
16.7
11.9
17.9
20.6
23.5
22.9
9.8
12.0
12.8
17.4
12.5
20.0
Gross Sales, mil
$5
To
$8
12.9
12.3
14.9
19.0
7.1
12.9
9.8
11.5
6.1
12.0
10.6
13.0
12.5
8.9
$8
To
$12
5.7
11.6
5.3
14.3
7.1
7.7
9.8
16.7
6.1
8.0
6.4
4.3
12.5
11.1
lion dollars
$12
To
$20
7.9
11.0
11.4
11.9
17.9
4.5
5.9
9.4
2.4
2.7
0.0
0.0
12.5
2.2
$20
To
$30
1.9
3.2
4.4
4.8
0.0
1.9
5.9
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
2.2
$30
To
$50
2.8
3.2
7.9
9.5
7.1
3.2
3.9
4.2
2.4
1.3
0.0
0.0
12.5
2.2
Over
$50
1.6
1.9
6.1
2.4
7.1
2.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
ro
-------
133
TABLE A-5. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRY COMPANIES
IN TERMS OF EMPLOYEES
Company Size Class, Number of Employees
1 51 101 More
To To To Than
Type of Operation Total 50 100 150 150
Nonferrous Scrap D-P
Nonferrous Metal Broker
Smelter and Refiner
Ingot Maker
Brass Mill
Scrap Iron P & B
Sweater
Importer & Exporter
Paper Stock D-P
Paper Stock Broker ,
Textile D-P
Textile Broker
Textile Garnetter
Other Function
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.2
71.3
54.1
39.0
61.3
63.4
56.4
68.4
70.1
73.1
47.9
56.5
37.5
58.1
16.8
18.3
16.4
31.7
29.0
23.8
30.9
18.4
18.4
15.4
29.2
26.1
12.5
30.2
4.0
6.1
9.8
17.1
0.0
5.5
3.6
5.1
2.3
3.8
12.5
4.3
12.5
2.3
6.1
4.3
19.7
12.2
9.7
7.3
9.1
8.2
9.2
7.7
10.4
13.0
37.5
9.3
Analysis by Geographic Region
Table Number
A-6
A-7
A-8
Plant Area
1969 Gross Sales
Value of Plant and Equipment,
-------
TABLE A-6. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING COMPANIES BY PLANT AREA
Area of Outdoor Storage
1 Acre
2 Acres
3 to 5 Acres
6 to 10
11 to 15
More than 15
Area Under Roof
Less than 5000 sq ft
5001 to 10000 sq ft
10001 to 25000 sq ft
25001 to 50000 sq ft
More than 50000 sq ft
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
New
England
7.8
7.7
12.9
7.1
7.6
12.8
5.3
7.8
5.6
7.2
10.9
10.5
5.2
Middle
Atlantic
29.6
26.9
16.1
24.2
25.8
15.4
22.4
29.6
18.5
21.7
25.4
25.3
27.5
South
Atlantic
8.7
5.8
8.1
9. 1
12.1
5.1
11.8
8.7
13.0
2.9
8.0
10.5
13.1
East North
Central
26.3
19.2
27.4
32.3
30.3
30.8
30.3
26.3
20.4
27.5
23.2
27.4
34.6
East South
Central
3.3
3.8
3.2
2.0
6.1
2.6
7.9
3.3
1.9
1.4
5.1
4.2
2.6
West North
Central
4.2
3.8
3.2
4.0
3.0
7.7
3.9
4.2
1.9
5.8
1.4
5.3
7.2
West South
Central
3.1
3.8
1.6
4.0
6.1
7.7
3.9
3.1
1.9
1.4
6.5
3.2
3.3
Mountain
2.9
3.8
6.5
0.0
4.5
7.7
2.6
2.9
5.6
4.3
3.6
4.2
1.3
Pacific
14.0
25.0
21.0
17.2
3.0
10.3
11.8
14.0
29.6
26.1
15.9
9.5
5.2
Outside
U.S.
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.9
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
TABLE A-7. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING COMPANIES BY GROSS SALES
Total 1969 Gross Sales
Under
-------
TABLE A-8. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECYCLING COMPANIES
BY VALUE OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Total
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
South
Atlantic
East North
Central
East South
Central
West North
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
Pacific
Outside
U.S.
Total Value of Plant
and Equipment
Less Than $250,000
$250,000 to $500,000
$501,000 to $1,000,000
$1,001,000 to $2,000,000
$2,001,000 to $7,000,000
$7,001,000 to $10,000,000
Over $10,000,000
100.0
8.2
23.7
9.8
27.1
100. 0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
10.7
10.4
.1.7
0.0
14.3
9.1
21.1
. 19.4
24.7
36.2
36.2
14.3
36.4
7.9
12.6
9.1
10. 6
10.6
0.0
0.0
28.1
22.3
23.4
29.8
29.8
42.9
45.5
2.9
0.9
5.8
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.1
5.0
3.5
5.8
5.2
4.3
4.3
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.9
4.9
9.1
2.1
2.1
0.0
0.0
3.6
15.6
0.2
4.4
3.9
2.6
4.3
4.3
0.0
0.0
21.9
14.6
14.3
12.8
12.8
28.6
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Vjl
-o 4
-------
Analysis.by Commodity
table Number
136
A-9 Value of Plant and Equipment
A-iO 1969 Gross Sales
-------
TABLE A-9. SCRAP COMMODITY PROCESSORS CLASSIFIED BY VALUE, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
(Percent of Companies in Category - N = 578)
Category
Aluminum Scrap Processor
Aluminum Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Copper/Brass Scrap Processor
Copper/Brass Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Lead Scrap Processor
Lead Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Zinc Scrap Processor
Zinc Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Nickel/Alloy Scrap Processor
Stainless Steel Scrap Processor
Precious Metal Processor
Gold Refiner
Silver Refiner
Platinum Refiner
Exotic Metal Scrap Processor
Paper
Textiles .
TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES
Less
Than
250
34.4
26.4
36.4
25.5
34.5
27.4
35.1
30.2
34.7
36.4
39.5
29.3
31.5
24.3
32.4
32.0
40.5
33.3
250-
500
16.4
14.0
15.1
13.7
15.0
12.3
18.3
11.6
17.6
15.9
15.1
19.5
18.5
18.9
20.6
28.0
16.7
8.7
Value.
501-
1000
21.5
19.4
21.7
22.5
22.3
19.8
20.7
16.3
19.9
21.0
20.9
24.4
24.1
27.0
19.6
17.3
21.4
18.5
Plant, and Eauioment (1000 '
1001-
2000
14.5
19.4
15.1
18.6
15.9
22.6
14.9
24.4
15.7
15.0
14.0
14.6
14.8
16.2
11.8
14.7
16.7
13.9
2001-
7000
10.9
14.7
8.9
12.7
10.0
13.2
9.6
14.0
9.7
9.8
5.8
2.4
3.7
2.7
13.7
6.7
4.8
11.3
7001-
10,000
0.8
1.6
1.2
1.0
0.9
1.9
I.O-
.I. 2
1.4
1.4
1.2
2.4
1.9
2.7
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
s of $}
More
Than
10,000
1.6
4.7
1.6
5.9
1.4
2.8
0.5
2.3
0.9
0.5
3.5
7.3
5.6
8.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.6
Number of
Companies
in Category
Sample
256
129
258
102
220
106
208
86
216
214
86
41
54
37
102
75
42
417
Source: BCL - Secondary Materials Industry Census.
l'C'6
-------
TABLE A-10. SCRAP COMMODITY PROCESSORS CLASSIFIED BY 1969 GROSS SALES
(Percent of Companies in Category - N = 578)
1970 Gross Sales (Millions of $)
Category*
Aluminum Scrap Processor
Aluminum Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Copper/Brass Scrap Processor
Copper/Brass Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Lead Scrap Processor
Lead Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Zinc Scrap Processor
Zinc Scrap Smelter,
Melter, Consumer
Nickel/Alloy Scrap Processor
Stainless Steel Scrap Processor
Precious Metal Processor
Gold Refiner
Silver Refiner
Platinum Refiner
Exotic Metal Scrap Processor
Paper Processor
Textile Processor
TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES
Under
1
18.1
14.6
17.9
10.6
17.5
13.1
16.7
11.8
16.2
18.0
20.6
13.7
13.4
8.5
17.4
29.8
16.3
17.4
1-3
27.8
19.7
27.5
18.7
30.7
23.8
30.6
24.5
28.1
28.3
23.4
23.5
23.9
19.1
24.0
42.9
57.1
31.0
3-5
19.1
19.1
20.2
17.9
16.7
18.5
19.2
16.4
19.0
19.7
21.5
13.7
16.4
14.9
21.5
8.3
10.2
17.4
5-8
13.7
14.6
12.9
14.6
13.2
13.8
13.5
18.2
14.2
13.9
11.2
17.6
14.9
19.7
14.0
7.1
10.2
11.4
8-12
6.4
9.6
6.3
10.6
7.4
9.2
6.5
7.3
6.3
6.1
11.2
13.7
11.9
14.9
7.4
7.1
6.1
6.9
12-20
7.0
7.0
6.6
10.6
6.2
8.5
5.3
7.3
7.9
7.4
5.6
3.9
7.5
8.5
5.8
2.4
0.0
7.3
20-30
2.0
4.5
1.7
1.6
1.9
3.8
1.6
4.5
2.0
1.2
0.9
0.0
1.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
30-50
3.0
5.7
3.3
6.5
3.1
4.6
3.7
4.5
3.6
3.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
2.4
0.0
3.8
Over
50
3.0
5.1
3.6
8.9
3.1
4.6
2.9
5.5
2.8
1.6
4.7
13.7
10.4
14.9
2.5
0.0
0.0
2.4
Number of
Companies
in Category
Sample
299
157
302
123
257
130
245
110
253
244
107
51
67
47
121
84
49
UJ
oo
* Row totals add to 100 percent.
Source: BCL - Secondary Materials Industry Census.
-------
139
Analysis of Business Statistics
Table Number
A-ll Secondary Materials Industry
A-12 Commodity Specialty
A-13 Business Specialty.
lv-8
-------
TABLE A-11. SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY - REGIONAL TABULATION OF AVERAGE INDUSTRY BUSINESS STATISTICS
Average 1969
Gross Sales*
(N = 533)
Average Value,
Plant, and
Equipment*
(N = 419)
Average Number
of Employees
(N = 554)
Average Invest-
ment per
Employee*
Average Sales
Per Employee*
Average Inves-
ment per $
of Sales
United States Census Reeion
East- East- West- West-
New Middle South North South North South
England Atlantic Atlantic Central Central Central Central Mountain Pacific National
4,612 10,345 5,402 8,301 4,333 7,273 9,941 5,031 4,321 7,540
755 1,835 1,087 1,903 1,740 1,106 1,057 1,112 1,105 1,480
(-
28 97 69 74 80 57 97 46 38 71 °
27.0 18.9 15.3 25.7 21.8 19.4 10.9 24.2 29.1 20.8
165 107 78 112 54 128 102 109 114 106
0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.05
* Thousands of Dollars.
lt.9
-------
141
TABLE A-12. SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY - AVERAGE BUSINESS STATISTICS
TABULATED BY COMMODITY SPECIALTY
Commodity
Specialty*
Aluminum
Copper & Brass
Lead
Zinc
Nickel & Nickel Alloy
Stainless Steel
Precious Metals
Exotic Metals
Scrap Iron
Paper
Textiles
All Commodities
Average Investment
in Plant & Equipment
($)
1,739,000
1,863,000
1,652,000
1,103,000
1,348,000
1,419,000
3,270,000
1,508,000
1,638,000
870,000
,842,000 ;
1,480,000
Average
Number of
Employees
66
98
95
43
59
43
49
39
82
42
95
71
Average Investment
Per Employee
($)
26,200
19,000
17,300
25,500
22,700
33,400
67,000
38,300
20,000
21,000
8,900
20,800
* Commodity specialty represents largest allocation of company employees.
-------
142
TABLE A-13. SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY - AVERAGE BUSINESS STATISTICS
TABULATED BY TYPE OF BUSINESS
Type of
Business Speciality*
Average Investment Average
in Plant & Equipment Number of
($) Employees
Average Investment
Per Employee
($)
Nonferrous Scrap Metal Dealer
Processor (N = 199)
Nonferrous Metal Broker (N = 22)
Smelter and Refiner (N = 79)
Ingot Maker (N = 24)
Brass Mill (N = 5)
Scrap Iron Processor and
Broker (N = 51)
Sweater (N = 0)
Importer and Exporter (N = 17)
Paper Stock Dealer Processor (N = 37)
Paper Stock Broker (N = 31)
Textile Dealer-Processor (N = 24)
Textile Broker (N = 1)
Textile Garnetter (N = 3)
844,000
745,000
3,122,000
2,915,000
3,365,000
1,836,000
NA
1,312,000
783,000
1,002,000
695,000
NA
1,675,000
44
16
97
112
63
88
NA
24
43
48
97
NA
262
19,200
46,600
33,200
26,000
53,400
20,900
NA
54,700
18,200
20,900
7,200
NA
6,400
* Type of business represents largest portion of company revenue.
-------
143
SUPPLEMENT ON SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND
DISPOSAL BY SECONDARY MATERIALS PROCESSORS
Solid Waste Bv-Products of
the .Secondary Materials Industry
As an addendum to, the extensive survey, 307 of the firms sampled were
asked to fill out a questionnaire on solid wastes generated as a by-product of
their normal operations. The questionnarie, along with a tabulation of the
replies is presented on the following pages.
An analysis of the responses indicates that general refuse, including
garbage, trash, debris, and rubbish, represents the type of solid waste most
generally encountered. The volume of solid waste generation is under 10 tons
per month in many cases, and 50 percent of the firms report that generation is
under 25 tons per month. Most firms simply haul the solid waste to the local
dumps themselves or by a contract rubbish hauler, and 75 percent of the firms
report that disposal costs average less than $500 per month, or roughly 0.079 per-
cent of average monthly sales of $628,000. Thus, while the disposal of solid
waste generated during secondary material processing may represent a physical
problem, its magnitude cannot be considered significant.
<
-a. f.»'
-------
144
RESPONSE TO QUESTIONNAIRE
CONFIDENTIAL
Addendum to Secondary Materials Industry Census
1. What are the solid wastes, by-products, and other residues of your plant
operation that your firm generates and must dispose of?
Percent of
Firms Responding Type of Residue
40 Garbage, trash, debris, rubbish, skimmings, dust, refuse
16 Paper, cardboard, cellophane, cartons, etc.
13 Wood, wood containers
9 Scrap iron and steel
9 Slag and skim, fly ash, flue dust
8 Skimmings and drosses
7 Fibers, textiles, rags
6 Rubber tires
6 Insulation, wire insulation, cable strippings
5 Zinc oxide, zinc skimmings, zinc residue
3 Aluminum, aluminum oxide
3 Tin, tin cans, metal containers
3 Baling wire
Less than 3 All other including glass, brass, copper, lead, liquids,
batteries, and brick.
-------
145
2. How much of each kind does it generate? (List and give quantities.)
(154 replies)
Percent of
Firms Responding
27
23
18
10
17
6
Quantity (tons per month)
Less than 10
11 - 25
26 - 50
51 - 100
100 - 500
Over 500
3. What methods are used to dispose of them?
(274 replies)
Percent of
Firms Responding
39
17
15
11
5
4
4
1
3
Method
Hauled to dump
Sold
Used for landfill
Collected by private garbage disposal concern
Burn or incinerate
Dumped on own property
Recycled or reused - serves as a raw material
Stored on own property for resale
Other
.74
-------
146
4. What is the approximate cost of disposing of the above?
(Include collection^ storage, treatment, and disposal costs.)
Percent of
Firms Responding
11
24
11
29
9
8
4
4
Cost ($ per month)
0
1 - 50
51 - 100
101 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 2000
2001 - 5000
Over 5000
UCT732
±: * < r
^
-------