PB87-20&765
A GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR SELECTION AND USE OF
SORBENTS FOR LIQUID HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RELEASE
Environmental Monitoring and Services,
Incorporated, Newbury Park, CA
Jul 87
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Plecse reed laurucrions on the went be fort completing/
1. ScPOflT NO.
EPA/600/2-87/047
2.
CIPIENT'S ACCESSION-WQ._
PB87 2 (5 8 7 6 5 /AS
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A Guidance Manual for Selection and Use of Sorbents
for Liquid Hazardous Substance
5. HEPOflT DATE
July 1987
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
>. AUTnGRlS)
Robert W. Melvold and Steven C. Gibson
0. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AODHcSS
Environmental Monitoring & Services, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Combustion Engineering, Inc.
2421 W. Hillcrest Drive
Nevbury Park, CA 91320-2299
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/CHANT NO.
68-03-3113
:. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO AOORE5S
Release Control Branch
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 452^8 EPA/600/12
13. TYPE Of REPORT ANO P< HIOC.' COVERED
Manual/March 1983-De c enb er 1984
14. SPONSORING AGENCY COOE
S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. A6STSACT • —
• •• This Manual was developed to provide information for the selection and use of
sorbents for cleanup or control oi liquid hazardous substances. Literature reviews,
sorbent manufacturer data and experiences of On-Scene Coordinators were reviewed in
conjunction with laboratory studies. These laboratory studies determined the compati-
bility and sorption capacity of selected representative hazardous liquid-sorbent pairs.
The combined experimental and literature data were used to prepare the Manual. On-
Scene Coordinators and their technical support personnel are the primary target audience
for the Manual. •
To utilize the Manual, the user must first identify the spilled liquid. If it is
one of the 212 liquid hazardous substances addressed in the Manual, a reference is
provided to one of\26 "Sorbent Selection and Use Guides" (Guides). Each of the Guides
enables the user to ^rapidly identify generic sorbent classes, physical forms, and
methods for application and collection that are most suitable for each of three
different chemical release-control scenarios: (1) a spill onto land, (2) a floating
release into water, and (3) immobilization for landfilling.
The Manual also contains "Sorbent Data Sheets" for 12 generic classes of sorbents
other than activated carbon. These data sheets contain information on manufacturers,
acquisition costs, sorbent density and sorbent limitations. •
17.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI l:ield/'Cruup
Handbook, Manual, Sorbent, Hazardous
Substance, Clean-up, Sorption Capacity,
Compatability, Landfill, Landspill, Water
Spill
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS [Tins Rtport)
Unclassified
21. NO. Of PAGES
16
20. SECURITY CLASS ITha
S3. PRICE
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NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE
BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING
AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER-
TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE-
LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE
AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE.
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document .has been funded wholly or in part by the
United 'States Environmental Protection Agency, under Contract No. 60-03-3113
to JRB Associates. It has been subject to the Agency's peer and
administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA
document, (""sntion o£ trade names or commercial products does not constitute.
endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
. Today's rapidly developing and changing technologies and industrial
practices frequently carry with them the increased generation of solid and
hazardous wastes. These materials, if improperly dealt with, can threaten
both the public health and the environment. Abandoned waste sites and
accidental releases of toxic and hazardous substances also have important
health and environmental implications. The Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory asis-ts in providing an authoritative and defensible
engineering basis for assessing and solving these problems. Its products
support the policies, programs, and regulations of the Agency; the permit-
ting and other responsibilities of the state end local governments; and
the needs of both large and small business in handling their wastes
responsibly and economically.
This Manual focuses on the selection and use of sorbcnts for 212 neat
liquids that are designated as hazardous substances in Section 101(14) of
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980. The Manual contains information and data that will be useful to
personnel in Federal, State, and local governments, as well as the private
sector, who select, purchase, stockpile, apply, collect, or dispose of
sorbents for tne purpose of controlling hazardous substance releases.
For further information, please contact the Land Pollution Control
Division of the Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory.
Thomas R. Mauser, Director
Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
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ABSTRACT
This Manual was developer] to provide information for ti.e selection and
use of sorbents for cleanup or control of liquid hazardous substances.
Literature reviews, sorbent manufacturer data and experiences of On-Scene
Coordinators were reviewed in conjunction with laboratory studies. These
Jaboratory studies determined the compatibility and sorption capacity of
selected representative hazard-Has liquid-sorbent pairs. The combined
experimental and literature data were used to prepare the Manual. On-Scene
Coordinators and their technical support personnel are the primary target
audience for the Manual.
To utilize the Manual, the user must first identify the spilled liquid.
If it is one of the 212 liquid hazardous substances addressed in the Manual, a
reference is provided to one of 26 "Sorbent Selection and Use Guides"
(Guides). Each of the Guides enables the user to rapidly identify generic
sorbent classes, physical forms, and methods for application and collection
that are most suitable for each of three different chemical release-control
scenarios: (1) a spill onto land, (2) a floating release into water, and (3)
immobilization for landfilling.
The Manual contains "Sorbent Data Sheets" for 12 generic classes of
sorbents othcvr than activated carbon. These data sheets contain information
an manufacturers, acquisition costs, sorbent density and sorbent limitations.
The sorptJon capacity of 190 sorbent-chemical pairs were determined and
recorded in the Manual. The Manual also includes cost estimation procedures,
test methods, ha:zardous liquid physical properties, the rationale for the
release-control scenarios, and a detailed description of the sorbent selection
rationale.
This Manual was submitted by Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc.,
a wholly owned subsidiary of Combustion Engineering, in fulfillment of
Subcontract No. 2-817-33-956-06-9 with JRB Associates. JRB Associates issued
the subcontract in fulfillment of Contract 68-03-3113 under the sponsorship of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The period of subcontract
performance was March 1983 to December 1984.
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Section Page
Landfilling .. 4-4
Incineration 4-5
Transportation Costs 4-5
Mobilization 4-5
Disposal 4-5
Section 5 - Test Methods 5-1
Sorbent Testing Procedures Used For This Project 5-5
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Particulate
Sorbents 5-5
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Finely Divided
Particulate Sorbents 5-6
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Pillow, Pad, and
Mat Sorbents 5-6
ASTM F716-82 5-7
GSA P-A-1056B 5-7
Westinghouse 5-7
Rensselaer 5-8
USCG 5-8
Environment Canada 5-8
Section 6 - Spill Scenario Rationale 6-1
Spill onto Land 6-1
Floating Spill into Water 6-1
Landfilling 6-2
Section 7 - Sources of Information 7-1
Section 8 - CERCLA Liquid Chemical Information.... 8-1
Specific Gravity 8-1
Solubility in Water 8-2
Surface Tension 8-2
Viscosi ty 8-3
vi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Section Page
Section 9 - Sorbent Selection Rationale 9-1
Introduction 9-1
Development of a Framework for Making Sorbent Performance
Comparisons 9-1
Selection of Sorbent Performance Factors for Each Scenario. 9-3
Sorbent Performance Ranking Procedure - Landspill Scenario. 9-5
Pass/Fail Evaluation 9-5
Primary Factor Evaluation 9-5
Example of Application Factor Evaluation 9-8
Secondary Factor Evaluation 9-10
Sorbent Performance Ranking Procedure.- Floating Spill
Scenario 9-13
Pass/Fail Evaluation 9-13
Primary Factor Evaluation 9-13
Secondary Factor Evaluation 9-16
Sorbent Performance Ranking Procedure - Landfr.il Scenario.. 9-18
Pass/Fail Performance Factor Evaluation 9-18
Primary Factor Evaluation 9-18
Procedure for Computing an Overall Sorbent Performance
Rating 9-20
Section 10 - References 10-1
Section 11 - Glossary 11-1
vii
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Description
1-1 . CF.RCLA Liquids Name Index '.. 1-6
1-2 CERCLA Liquids Numerical Index 1-21
2-1 Sorption Capacities of Representative Sorbent/Hazardous
Liquid Pairs 2-3
2-2 Representative Hazardous Liquid/Water Preference Indices.... 2-5
2-3 Sorbent Data Sheet Index 2-6
4-1 Sorbent Application and Collection Equipment Price Data 4-2
4-2 Miscellaneous Equipment Costs 4-2
4-3 Sorbent Prices 4-3
4-4 Non-Sorbent (Expendable Material) Prices.. 4-3
4-5 Labor Category Costs 4-4
4-6 Conveyence Mileage Charges. 4-6
5-1 Test Methods for Measuring Sorbent Performance 5-2
8-1 CERCLA Hazardous Liquid Physical Properties 8-4
9-1 Sorbent Performance Factors 9-4
9-2 Landspill Primary Factor Prioritization - Particulate
Sor bents . 9-6
9-3 Landspill Primary Factor Prioritization - Pillow> Pad,
Mat Sorbents 9-7
9-4 Landspill Secondary Factor Prioritization 9-11
9-5 Floating Spill Primary Factor Prioritization 9-14
9-6 Floating Spill Secondary Factor Priori tization 9-17
LIST OF FIGURE
No. Description Page
9-1 Example of a Computer Printout of Sorbent Rating
Assignments 9-9
LIST OF EQUATIONS
No. Description
1 Sorption Capacity (Ibs liquid/cu ft. sorbent) 1-2
2 Application Time (min) 3-2
3 Anount of fV^^nt Boom (Ibs) 3-6
4 Time to CoDxect (min) - mass 3-7
5 Time to Collect (min) - volumetric 3-8
6 Liquid Volume per Drum (gal) 3-12
viii
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Table of Conversions
U.S. Customary
Maine
cubic foot
cubic feet per minute
' cubic feet per pound
cubic feet per second
cubic inch
cubic yard
degrees Fahrenheit
feet per minute
feet per second
foot (feet)
gallon(s)
gallons per minute
incti(es)
inches per hour
mile
pound(s)
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per square foot
pounds per square inch
square foot
square inch
Unit
Abbrev-
iation
tt-1
ft3/min
ft3/lb
ft3/S
in.3
ya3
°F
ft/min
ft/s
ft
gal
gal/min
in.
in./h
mi
Ib
lb/ft3
lb/f2
lb/in.2
"2
. in.2
Multiplier
28.32
0.0283
0.0283
62.4
28.32
16.39
0.0164
0.765
764.6
0.555(°F-32)
0.00508
0.305
0.305
3.785
0.0631
2.54
2.54
1.609
0.454
16.018
4.882 x 10"4
4.882
0.0703
0.0929
6.452
Symbol
^3
m /tain
L/kg
L/s
cm3
U
n,3
L
°C
m/s
m/s
m
L
L/s
cm
an/h
km
kg
kg/m3
kg/an2
kg/fa2
kg/cm2
rc2
an2
SI
Name
litre
cubic metre
cubic metres per
minute
litres per kilogram
litres per second
cubic centimetres
litre
cubic metre
litre
degrees Celsius
metres per second
metres per second
metre(s)
litre(s)
litres per second
centimetre
centimetres per hour
kilometre
kilogram(s)
kilograms per cubic
metre
kilor.raois per square
centimetre
kilograms per square
meter
kilograms per square
centimetre
square metre
square centimetre
Density of Wator = 62.416 lb/ft3
ix
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the guidance and support provided by
the Project Officers, Robert Scarborry of JRE Associates/ and Michael Royer of
the Releases Control Branch (RGB) Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory (HW3RL), EPA. The authors also express their gratitude to the
following individuals who provided technical assistance in the development of
the Manual: Dr. Gary Bennett/ the University of Toledo/ College of
Engineering; Dr. Walter Unterberg/ Rockwell International; Ms. Patricia
Scofield (on educational leave from Rockwell International)/ Mr. Fitzhugh
Bush/ III, EMSI/ and Dr. William Ellis/ JRb Associates.
In addition/ the authors thank the following persons for their comments
and guidance during preparation of che Manual: Mr. Leo T. McCarthy, Jr.,
Mr. John S. Farlow, and Mr. Frank J. Freestone, EPA -• RGB, UWERL; Mr. Paul
Cassidy, EPA - Office of Solid Waste; Mr. Don Berger, F.FA - Region I;
Mr. Mark Hall/ Technical Assistance Team, Region I; Mr. Paul Elliot (retired)
- EPA Region II; Mr. David Lopez, EPA - Region VI; Mr. William Keffer and
Mr. Gary Snodgrass, EPA - Region VII; Mr. Andre Zownir and Mr. Robert
Cibulskis, EPA - Environmental Response Team; Mr. Jack Sinclair, United
States Coast Guard (USCG) - Washington, DC; CWO Rushnak, J.C. Card, and
W. Isele, USCG Safety Office, St. Liuis, MO; Petty Officer Kenyon, USCG Water
Pollution Response Office/ New York/ NY: and Brett Belts, Dept. of Ecology -
State of Washington, Olympia, Iv'A.
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SECTION 1 - SORBENT SELECTION AND USE
INTRODUCTION
This Manual is for persons who make decisions regarding the selection,
acquisition, application, collection, reuse, or disposal of sorbents for the
purpose of controlling releases of liquid hazardous substances or landfill ing
of liquid hazardous substances. A primary target audience for the Manual is
EPA and other Federal On-Scene Coordinators, their technical support person-
nel, and their State Counterparts. The manual also provides useful informa-
tion and data to industry and spill cleanup personnel who respond to releases
releases of hazardous substances or who must immobilize liquid hazardous
substances prior to landfilling.
Sorbents, when properly selected and used, are a versatile tool for the
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) or other spill cleanup manager. Sorbents are used
to (1) soak up and thereby retard the movement of liquid chemical pools on
land, (2) reduce spreading or evaporation of hazardous substances that float
on water, and (3) solidify liquid spill residuals to make them acceptable for
landfilling when other options are unacceptable for technical, economic, or
regulatory reasons.
The evaluation and selection of a sorbent that is effective and, when
cost is a factor, economical, can be a difficult task. One source of
difficulty is that many factors influence the performance and cost of using
sorbents for spill cleanup operations. Factors that require consideration
include safety, sorption capacity, desorption characteristics, sorbent cost,
availability, and ease of application, collection, regeneration, and disposal.
The difficulties in evaluating these factors and judging their relative effect
on overall performance are compounded by the lack of information, data, and
guidance on sorbent use for liquid hazardous substance control, and the
dispersion and non-uniformity of much of the data that are available.
This Manual is an attempt to consolidate available information, litera-
ture data, and data generated in the laboratory by the authors, and to place
the combined findings in a format that is readily accessible to the user.
The Manual primarily addresses chemicals that are (1) neat, (2) liquid at
ambient conditions, and (3) designated as hazardous by CERCLA Section
101(14). The spill scenarios that are addressed are limited to (1)
releases of less than 51)00 gallons and (2) gross cleanup operations, as
compared to operations that produce "polished" effluent streams. As a
consequence of excluding "polishing" operations, activated carbon, a widely
used.sorbent for spill cleanup, is not addressed in this Manual. In
addition, the sorbents that are addressed in this Manual are limited to those
1-1
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that are readily available in at least some/ although not necessarily all/
regions of the country.
HOW TO USE THE MANUAL
The following steps should be followed in sequence for the most effective
use of the Manual:
1. Become familiar with the general contents and layout of the Manual.
2. Once a spill or release of a hazardous liquid has occurred or is likely/
proceed to Table 1-1 or Table 1-2 (the CERCLA Liquids Indices) to identify
the "Sorbent Selection and Use Guide" (Guide) for the chemical class of the
hazardous liquid of interest. The hazardous liquid naires are in
alphabetical order in Tcible 1-1 and in numerical order (DOT ID number) in
Table 1-2/ followed by the Guide numbers. The Chemical Abstract Services
(CAS) number is also provided for each chemical in Tables 1-1 and 1-2. The
indexing tables also include a listing of the hazards involved upon release
of a particular liquid and the behavior of the liquid in water.
NOTE: This Manual indicates some/ but not necessarily all/ the known
hazards of the identified liquids/ arid the user is expected to make an
independent assessment of the hazards and the appropriate safety measures.
3. Consult the specified Guide (the Guides are located on pp 1-32 to 1-58).
Each Guide lists/ in recommended order of consideratin for use, as inany as
six sorbents for each applicable release scenario. In order to determine
whether the rationale employed to prioritize the sorbents in the Guide is
reasonable for the situation facing the user, consult Section 6/ "Spill
Scenario Rationale/" and Section 9/ "Sorbent Selection Rationale." The
reader may also want to enploy the rationales described for sorbents not
addressed by the Manual.
4. Determine whether any of the noted "Limitations" precludes the use of the
first listed sorbent or sorbents. If so/ proceed down the ordered list of
sorbents until one is located that is not limited by site conditions or
logistic requirements. Note that sorbents preceded by the same
prioritization number have been rated equivalent and are perceived as
having the same general potential for performing effectively. Also/ the
user should keep clearly in mind that the sorbent rankings/ except for the
Landfill scenario/ were developed without consideration of cost.
5. After identifying suitable sorbent classes and forms/ consult Section 2,
"Sorbent Data/" which contains information on sorbent producers/ sorption
capacity (by sorbent class and chemical class only) and hazardous
liquid/water preference indices. Compatibility information is included
with the sorption capacity data.
6. After selecting a sorbent/ use the optimum application and collection
methods listed in the Guide or choose other methods more appropriate for
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the situation. (Other methods iray be preferable if conditions at your site
are atypical and not used in the evaluation.) Consult Section 3 for
guidance on equipment and techniques for application/ collection, and
disposal of sorbents.
7. If cost is an important consideration, the user should examine Section 4,
"Cost Estimation Procedures and Data", which contains cost data on
equipment, labor, transportation, disposal, and sorbents.
8. Refer to the remaining sections of the Manual as needed:
a. Section 5 describes sorbent test methods.
b. Section 7 lists sources of information.
c. Section 8 contains data on the CERCLA liquids' specific
gravity, solubility, surface tension, and viscosity.
EXAMPLE OF USING THE MANUAL — 100 GALLON ETHYLBENZENE SPILL ON LAND
. The following case illustrates the process a manual user should follow
when a spill or release occurs. In this example, 100 gallons of ethylbenzene
has been released on a windy day and flowed into a depression covered with
dense foliage. The reader would first refer to ethylbenzene in the indexing
table and find that it belongs to a chemical class "Aromatic Hydrocarbons",
and that sorbent selection and use information is in Guide No. 10. He will
note that ethylbenzene is a flammable, insoluble floater. After referring to
Guide No. 10, the user would look under "Landspill-Small" for the ordered list
of sorbents and would then scan the "Liiiiitations" column for conditions that
applied to his particular case (the demarcation between small and medium
landspills has been set at 500 gallons). The user would then eliminate "(1)
Feathers/pi" because of the dense ground cover, "(2) CLP/p" because of the
wind, and "(2) CLP/pl," also because of the dense ground cover. Eorbent clay
and treated clay/treated natural organic mix, both particulate sorbents, would
remain as candidates for use. Though the optimum method for both application
and collection is listed as "shovel," a mechanized method of collection may be
more suitable here because of the dense ground cover present. If the user
wants more information on the sorbents or on application and collection
methods, he should refer to the Sorbent Data Sheets in Section 2, and/or he
should review Section 3 on logistics. If the same spill or release had
occurred in a small pond or large lake, the user might have selected
cross-linked polymer in the pillow form, subject to its timely availability.
To convert English units to metric (SI units), use Table of Conversions
on page ix.
1-3
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CERCLA LIQUIDS INDICES AND SORBENT SELECTION AND USE GUIDES
The remainder of Section 1 contains the CERLCA Liquids Name Index (Table
1-1) and Numerical Index (Table 1-2) and 26 Sorbent Selection and Use Guides
(Guides). The CERCLA liquids indices list CERCLA-designated hazardous liquids
or their DOT ID numbers, the Guide number and the chemical class (to which
each liquid has been assigned), the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number
(for the liquid)/ the hazards, other than toxicity (a hazard posed by most
CERCLA substances), and the behavior of the liquid in water. A total of 212
CERCLA-designated hazardous liquids were identified. A liquid is defined as a
substance that possesses a melting point at or below 77°F (25°C) and a boiling
point at or above 50°F (10°C).
The Guides present information on the use of sorbents for one to three
applicable major scenarios, i.e., Landspill, Floating Spill, and Landfill.
The 212 CERCLA liquids are categorized into 27 chemical classes that are
descriptive of the chemical reactivity of the CERCLA liquids. Since sorption
capacity data are required to prioritize sorbents for consideration and
because it was not practical to experimentally evaluate all of the CERCLA
hazardous liquids, representative hazardous liquids therefore were selected
from each chemical class. Selection of a representative hazardous liquid was
based on similarities in aqueous solubility, specific gravity, liquid surface
tension, and viscosity, where these data were available, with other liquids in
the same class. Sorption capacities were then measured experimentally and
reported as representative of a chemical class (see Table 2-1). A list of the
chemical classes and Sorbent Selection and Use Guide numbers to which each
hazardous liquid was assigned is given as follows:
Chemical Cldss Guidet
Acidic compounds, inorganic 1
Acidic compounds, organic 2
Alcohols and glycols 3
Aldehydes 4
Aliphatic hydrocarbons 5
Aliphatics, halogenated 6
Amides, anilides, and imides 7
Amines, alkyl 8
Amines, aryl 9
Aromatic hydrocarbons 10
Aromatics, halogenated 11
Basic compounds 12
Cyanates and isocyanates 13
Cyanides and nitriles 14
Chemical Class Guide#
Esters and ethers 15
Ethers, halogenated 16
Halides, inorganic 17
Heavy metals 18
Hydrazines and hydrazides 19
Ketones 20
Nitro/hitroso compounds 21
Organophosphates 22
Oxides, alkylene 23
Peroxides 24
Phenols and cresols 25
Sulfates and sulfites 26
Sulfides and mercaptans 27
It was originally planned to have 27 Guides (a Guide for each chemical class),
but only 26 Guides have been produced, due to an insufficiency of data for
Guide No. 7 (Amides, anilides, and imides). Each of the completed Guides
contains several prioritized lists of generic sorbents for consideration
1-4
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relative to each of the three scenarios genarally applicable to a release of
the particular class of CERCLA liquids that the Guide describes. For
instance/ if a CERCLA liquid class, a^ £ whole, sinks and is only slightly
soluble in water (less than 1%), information relative to the Landspill and
Landfill Scenarios would be found in that Guide, but information on "floaters"
would not be included. The prioritized sorbents are cross-referenced to the
Sorbent Data Sheets of Section 2 by page number, which is included in each
Guide just after the name and type of sorbent.
Application and collection procedures are listed in the Guide and are
based on assessment and selection of the procedures identified as optimum for
use with each listed generic sorbent for the scenario involved. These
procedures do not consider site-specific limitations whicn may affect
application and collection. For the Landspill and Floating Spill Scenarios,
limitations that would prevent use of a class or type of sorbent ate also
given. The Floating Spill Scenario is further subdivided to provide the above
information for spills into non-flowing and flowing water bodies. Cost, as a
function of sorption capacity, is used to provide the basis for comparison of
sorbents fof the Landfill Scenario since this scenario does net involve *n
emergency situation.
Sorbent Prioritizaticn tables are used in conjunction with compatibility
and wettability data to develop the prioritized lists of sorbents included in
the Guides. The Sorbent ranking procc.-si: is described in Section 9, while
incompatible and nonwetting sorbent-chemicai combinations are indicated in the
Sorption Capacity table in Section 2 (compatibility and wettability is implied
if a sorption capacity value appears in the table).
1-5
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TABLE 1-1. CERCLA LIQUIDS NAME INDEX
Hazardous Substance
A;etalilehyde
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone cyanohydrin
Ace tool trile
Acetophenone
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrixe
Allyl alcohol
Chemical Class
Aldehydes
1 Acidic
1 compounds,
lorf^nic
1
(Acidic
(compounds,
1 organic
1
iKe tones
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
1
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
i
i
IKetones
1
(Aliphatics,
1 halogens ted
1
1
1
(Aliphatic?),
lhaloge rated
1
1
1
1 Aldehydes
1
1
1
(Acidic
(compounds,
(organic
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
1
1
1
1
(Alcohols and
Iglycols
1
1 Guide
to.
4
2
2
20
It
14
20
6
6
4
2
14
.3
1 Kazard(s), in
CAS Ho.* I Addition to Toxicity
1
75-07-0 (Flammable
(PolyoKirizable
1
64-19-71 Combustible
(Corrosive
1
1
108-24-7 (Combustible
. (Corrosive
I
I
67-64- 1| Flammable
1
75-86-51 Combustible w/toxio
1 products
(Poison
1
75-05-81 Flammable w/toxic
(products
i
I
98-86-2 (Combustible
1
506-96-7 IFLrsable w/toxic
(products
(Corrosive
i Reactive
1
75-36-51 Flammable c'toxlc
1 products
(Corrosive
1 Reactive
1
107-02-8 (Flammable
1 Polymerizable
(Poison
1
79-10-7ICcmbudtible
(Corrosive
1 Folymerizable
1
107-13-1 (flammable w/toxic
1 products
1 Polymerizable
(Potential carcinogen
IPoiron
1
107-18-61 Flammable
1 Poison
1
1
1 Behavior in Water
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1 .
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
! Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
i
i
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1 Decomposes
l( Sinker)
1
1
1
1 Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble F'oater
1
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
*Chenical Abstract Services Number
1-6
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Allyl chloride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium sulfl.de
(In aqueous solution)
Anyl acetate
Aniline
Antimony pentachlori.de
Arsenic trichloride
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Denzenesulfonyl
chloride
Benzonltrlle
Benzotrichlorlde
Benzoyl chloride
Benzyl chloride
2,2*-Bioxlrane
f
1
1 Chemical Class
1
lAllphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Basic compounds
1
iSulfldes and
Imercaptans
1
1 Esters and
(ethers
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
1
i
I
IHalldes,
(inorganic
1
IHalides,
1 inorganic
1
1
lAromatics,
lhalogenated
1
(Arooatlc
1 hydrocarbons
1
1 Acidic
loom pounds,
1 organic
i
i
(Cyanides and
Inltrilea
1
lArotnatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
1
lArcmatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
1
1 Arena tics,
lhalogenated
1
1
1
(Oxides,
lalkylene
1
| Guide
(to.
6
12
27
15
9
17
17
11
10
2
14
11
11
11
23
1
1 1 Hazard(s), in
CAS (to. I Addition to Toxicity
1
107-05-1 (Flaamable w/toxlc
(products
1
1336-2 1-6 (Corrosive
I
12135-76-1 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
I
628-53-7 1 Flammable
1
1
62-53-3 (Combustible w/toxic
(products
1 Poison
i
1
761*7-18-91 Corrosive
1 Reactive
1
773U-31-1I Corrosive
(Reactive
(Poison
1
98-87-31
1
1
71-t3-2| Flammable
(Potential carcinogen
I
98-09-9 1 Combustible w/toxic
I products
I
i
1
100-J47-OI Combustible w/toxlc
(products
1
98-07-7 (Combustible w/toxlo
(products
(Corrosive
1
98-S3-UI Combustible w/toxic
1 products
(Corrosive
1
100-J!i|-7lCoo)bU3tlble w/toxlc
(products
(Corrosive
(Reactive
I
1161-53-5 1 Potential carcinogen
1
1
Behavior in Water
Insoluble Floattr
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
I
1
i
1
iDeccmposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1 Decomposes
((Sinker)
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
i
I
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Decomposes
KSlnke;-)
1
1-7
(continued) "
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance 1 Chemical Cla,'
1
Ris(2-chloroethoxy) I Ethers,
methane lhalogenated
1
Bis(2-chloroethyl) (Ethers,
ether lhalogenated
1
1
BisO-chloroiaopropyD- 1 Ethers ,
ether lhalogenated
1
Bls(chloromethyl) etherlEthers,
lhalogenated
1
1
Bls(2-ethylhexyl) 1 Esters and
phthalate (ethers
1
Bromoacetone (Note 2) IKetones
1
Bromofora lUiphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
't-Orooophenyl phenyl | Ethers,
ether lhalogenated
1
1-Butanol 1 Alcohols and
(glycols
1
2-Butanone peroxide 1 Peroxides
(Note 2) I
1
1
Butyl acetate (Esters and
(ethers
1
Butyl benzyl phttolate (Esters and
lethers
1
Butylamlne (Amines, alkyl
1
. 1
Butyric acid (Acidic
1 coo pounds,
(organic
1
Carbon disulflde (Suicides arid
(mercaptans
1
Carbon tetrachloride (Aliphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
(Guide
No.
16
16
16
16
15
20
C
Id
3
21
15
15
8
2
27
6
1 Hazard (s), in
CAS No. Addition to Toxlcitv
111-91-1
111_i)iUl| Combustible w/toxlo
(products
1 Poison
1
108-60-llCcnibustible w/toxic
(products
1
512-S8-1 (Combustible w/toxic
1 products
(Potential carcinogen
1
117-81-71
1
593-31-21 Poison
1
75-25-21
1
1
101-55-3ICcmbustlble w/toxic
I products
I
71-36-3 1 Flammable
1
1338^23-^1 (Explosive
(Oxldlzer
(Combustible
1
123-86-41 Flammable
1
1
85-68-71
1
1
109-73-9 (Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
1 07-92-6 (Combustible
I
I
I
75- 15-0 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
I
56-23-5 1 Potential carcinogen
I
I
I
I Behavior in Hater
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
I
(Insoluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
1-8
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Chloral
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloro benzene
Chlorodi broacnethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl
ether
Chloroform
Chlorooethyl methyl
ether
2-Chlorophenol
t-Chlorophenyl phenyl
ether
3-Chloropropionl trlle
Chlorosulfcnlc acid
Creosote
Cresol
Crotonaldehyde
1
1 Chemical Class
1
1 Aldehydes
1
1
1
1
1
1 Aldehydes
1
1
i
1
lArrjiatlcs,
Ihr.logenated
i
l
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
(Ethers,
lhalogenated
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
i
1
1 Ethers,
lhalogenated
1
1
1
1 Phenols and
Icresols
1
1 Ethers,
lhalogenated
1
(Cyanides and
Initrilea
1
(Acidic
1 coo] pounds,
(organic
1
1 Phenol s and
Icresols
1
1 Phenol a and
(cresola
1
(Aldehydes
1
1
1 Guide
No.
!J
K
11
6
6
16
6
16
25
16
It
2
25
25
1
1 I Hazard(s). in
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxicity
1 1
75-87-6 (Combustible w/toxlc
1 products
1 Corrosive
1 Potential carcinogen
1
107-20-OlCcabustible w/toxlo
1 products
1 Polymer! zable
i
1
108-90-7 (FlaraaMe w/toxi:
I products
|
124-118-11
I
I
75-00-3 1 Flammable w/toxlc
Iprodu-ts
I
110-75-8 1 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1
67-66-3 (Potential carcinogen
1
i
1
107-30-2 IFlaniable w/toxlc
(products
I Potential carcinogen
I Poison
I
95-57-8 1 Combustible w/toxlc
(products
I •
7305-72-3 1 Combustible w/toxlo
(products
I
542-76-7|Ccmbustlble w/toxlc
(products
I
7790-9l-5ICorrosive
1 Reactive
1
1
8001-58-9ICombu3tlble
(Potential carcinogen
I
13ig-77-3ICaabustible
1
1
11 70-30-3 1 Flannablo
123-73-91
1
Behavior in Water
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Floater
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
1-9
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Cunene
Cyanogen chloride
Cyclone xane
Cyclone xanone
2,1-0 esters .
Dlazinon
1,2-Dibrcmo-3-
chloropropane (Mote 2)
Di-n-butylphthalate
Dichlorobenzene (all
1 son era)
o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Oichloro benzene
Dichlorobrcaomethane
1 , U-Dichloro-2-butene
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2-trana-
Dichloroethylene
Dlchloropropane (all
1 scmera)
Dlchloropropena (all
Isooers )
1
1 Chenical Class
I
(Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
(Cyanides and
Initrilea
1
(Aliphatic
(hydrocarbons
1
|Ke tones
1
1 Esters and
tethers
1
lOrganophosphates
1
1
lAllphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
lArcmatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Aromatics ,
lhalogenated
1
(Aroma tics,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatics,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
(Aliphatlca,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
(Aliphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
(Guide
No.
10
11
5
20
15
22
6
15
11
11
11
6
6
6
6
6
6
I Hazard (3), In
CAS (to. Addition to Toxielty
98-6C-8 Coabustible
506-77-4 1 Poison
1
.1
110-82-7 (Flammable
I
108-9t-1 (Combustible
1
9H-11-1 (Conbustible w/toxic
(products
I
333-t1-5 1 Combustible w/toxic
1 products
1
96-12-8|Ccmbustible w/toxlc
I products
(Potential carcinogen
I
314-71-21
1
1
25321-22-6|Canbustible w/toxic
1 products
1
95-50- 11 Combustible w/toxic
(products
1
511-73-1 1 Combustible w/toxic
(products
I
75-27-4 1 Combustible w/toxic
I products
I
764-41-01 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
75-31-31 Flammable w/toxle
1 products
1
156-60-5 (Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1
26638-19-7 iFlammablo w/toxle
I products
I
26952-23-8 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
I
Behavior in Water
Insoluble Floater
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
I Insoluble Floater
I
I
! Soluble Floater
I
I Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
'
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
1-10
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
1 , 3-Dichloropropene
Dichloropropene-
dichloro-
propane mixture
2,2-Dlchloroproplonic
acid
D' chlorvos
Dlethylam:' ne
Diethylarsine (Itote ?)
N, N '-Dlethylhyilrazlne
0,0-Dlethyl-S-oethyl
dlthiophosphate
(Note 2)
Dlethyl-p-nltrophenyl
phosphate
Dlethyl phthalate
I
I Chemical Class
I
lAllphatica,
Ihalogenated
I
lAliphatics,
Ihalogenated
I
i
i
1 Acidic
1 com pounds,
1 organic
1
lOr^hophosphates
i
I
1 Amines, alky 1
1
1
1
1 Heavy metals
1
1
IHydrazlnes and
1 hydra zides
1
1
lOrganophosphatea
1
1
1
lOrginophosphates
1
1
1 Eaters and
letters
1
0,0-Oiethyl-O-pyrazlnyl lOrganop/iosphates
phosphorothloate
1
1
Dihyd.-osafrole (Note 2) I Eaters and
Diisopropyl fluoro-
phosphate
alpha.alpha-
Dlmethylberv-
zylhydro peroxide
(ethers
i
1
lOrganophosphate?.
1
1
1 Peroxides
1
1
1
Guide
No.
6
6
2
22
8
IS
19
22
22
15
22
16
22
2H
1 Hazard (a), in
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxicity
1
5t2 -75-61 Flammable w/ toxic
(products
1
8003-19-31 Flanmable w/toxlo
(products
1
i
I
75-99-0 1 Corrosive
1
1
1
62-73-71 Pot son
109-39-71 Flammable w/toxlo
(products
(Corrosive
1
692-12-2 (Flammable u/toxio
(products
1
161 5-00-1 (Combustible w/toxlc
I products
(Potential carcinogen
1
3280-58-21
1
1
1
311-45-51
81-66-2
297-97-2
9t-58-6
55-91-1
80-15-9
Potential carcinogen
Corrosive
Explosive
Coabustible
Behavior In Water
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble. Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
.
1-11
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Dimethyl carbamoyl
chloride (Note 2}
alpha .alpha-Dimethyl -
phenethylamine (Note 1
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
1 > 1-Dlmethylhydrazlne
1 , 2-Dlmethylhydrazlne
Dl-n-octylphthalate
1,4-Oioxane
Dlpropylamlne
Dodecylbenzenesulfonlc
add
Endrln aldehyde
(Note 2)
Cplchlorohydrln
Ethlon
Ethyl acetate
1
1 Chemical Class
1
lAoldio
loom pounds ,
lorgmlc
1
1
1 Amines, alkyl
)l
1
(Esters and
lathers
1
ISul fates and
Isulfltes
1
1
1
tHydrazlnea and
ihydrazldea
1
1
1
1
(Hydrazines and
Ihydrazldes
1
1
1
1 Esters and
tethers
1
1 Eaters and
(ethers
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1 Acidic
Icon pounds,
lor&nic
1
(Aldehydes
1
1
1 Oxides, alkylene
1
1
lOrfpnophosphates
1
1 Esters and
tethers
1
(Guide
Ho.
2
8
15
26
19
19
15
15
8
2
1
23
22
15
1 I Hazard(s), in
CAS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxlclty
1
79.411-7 (Combustible w/toxlc
(products
(Reactive
(Potential carcinogen
1
122-09-81
1
1
131-11-3ICcrabu3tible
I
I
77-78-1 (Conbustlble w/toxlc
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
1
57-14-71 Flaraable w/toxlc
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
(Poison
1
510-73-8 (Flammable w/toxie
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
1
117-81-01
1
1
123-91-1 (Flammable
(Potential carcinogen
I
142-8(1-71 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
271 76-87-0 (Combustible w/toxlc
(products
1
1 !
930-55-21
1
1
106-89-8 IFlaraaable w/toxic
(products
1
563- 12-2 (Poison
1
111-78-6 (Flammable
1
1
1
1 Behavior In Water
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater .
1
1
1
1
(Insolubit: floater
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1-12
(continued) •
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl cyanide
i
i
1 Chemical Class
1
(Esters and
lethers
1
1 Cyanides and
Initrlles
1
Ethyl-M,i4'-dicnloroben-l Eaters and
zllate (Note 1)
Ethyl ether
Ethyl oetnacrylate
Ethyl methaneaulfonate
(Note 2)
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl ene dl bromide
Ethylene dlchlortde
Ethylene oxide
Ethylenediamine
Ethyl enimine
Formic acid
Fur an
Furfural
lethers
I
1 Ethers and
lethers
1
1
1 Eaters and
lethers
1
! Esters and
k-ehera
i
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
(Aliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Aliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1
(Oxides, alkylene
1
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
(Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
(Acidic
(compounds ,
(organic
1
(Eaters and
lethers
i
I
(Aldehydes
1
(Guide
Mo.
15
It
15
15
15
15
10
6
6
23
8
8
2
15
H
I I Hazard (a), in
CAS Mo. I Addition to Toxicity
I
110-68-5 1 Flammable
IPolymerizable
1
1 07-12-01 Flammable w/toxic
1 product a
1
510-15-61
1
1
60-29-71 Explosive, upon
(standing
| Flammable
1
97-63-2 (Flammable
1 Polymerizable
I
62-50-0 |
|
100-4 1-1 (Flammable
I
1
106-93"1!! Potential carcinogen
1
1
1 07-06-2 ii'laenable w/toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
75-2 1-01 Flammable
(Corroaive
1
107-15-31 Flamnable w/toxic
1 products
(Corrosive
1
1 51-56-11 1 Flasmable w/toxic
1 products
1 Poison
1
6<4-l8-6lCanbustible
.
110-00-9 Flanmable
Behavior in Water
Soluble Floater
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Floater
Soluble Sinker
Insoluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Soluble Floater
Soluble Floater
Soluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
98-01-1 | Combustible jscluble Sinker
I I
1-13
(.continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Clycldylaldehyde
(Note 2)
He.-.actaoro butadiene
Hexachlorocyclc-
pentadlene
Hexactiloropropene
(Note 2)
Hexaethyl
tetra^iosphate
Hydrazlne .
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Isobutyl alcohol
Isophorone
Isoprene
IsosaTrole (Note 2)
Lead fluoborate
(In aqueous solution)
Kalathlon
Mercury
1
1 Chemical Class
1
(Aldehydes
1
i
i
(Aliphatics,
lhaioge rated
1
1 Aliphatics,
lhaloge rated
1
IAl
-------
Hazardous Substance
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Methapyrlline (Note 1)
Methyl chlordcarbonate
Methyl chloroform
Methyl ethyl to tone
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl tetone
Mothyl isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
Mevlnphos
Monoethylanlne
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
I IGuldel 1 Hazard(s), in
1 Chemical Class Mo. CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxicity
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
1
|
(Alcohols and
Iglvcols
1
1 Amines , aryl
1
1 Esters and
tethers
1
(Aliphatics,
Ihalogonated
1
iKe tones
i
i
IHydrazines and
Ihydrazides
1
1
lAllphatlcs,
Ihalogenated
i
1
IKe tones
1
ICyanates and
lisocyanates
1
1 Esters and
(ethers
1
1
(Alipnatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Allphatics ,
Ihalogenated
i
1
(Organophosphates
1
1
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
IK
3
9
15
6
20
19
6
20
13
15
5
6
22
8
I
136-98-7 1 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
IPolymerizable
1
67-56-11 Flammable
1
1
91-80-51
1
79-22- 1| Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1
71 -55-61 Combustible w/toxic
1 products
1
73-93-31 Flammable
i
i
60-34-4 1 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1 Poison
1
714-68-4 1 Potential carcinogen
1
i
108-10-11 Flanmable
1
624-33-91 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
80-62-61 Flammable
IPolymerizable
1
1
74-95-31
1
1
75-09-21 Combustible w/toxic
(products
i
I
7786-34-7 (Combustible w/toxie.
(products
1 Pol son
1
75-04-7 (Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1 Corrosive
1
1
I Behavior in Water
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Sinter
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
i
i
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
i
i
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1 •
i
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
1-15
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous S-J'Mtance
Nickel carbonyl
Nicotine and salts
Nitric acid
Nitrobenzene
Nitrogen dioxide
2-Nitro propane
N-Nitrosodlethanolaaine
H-Ni trosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nltrosodi-n-propyl-
amine
M-Nltroso-M-oethylurea
(Note 1)
N-Nltroaonethylvinyl-
amine
Chemical Class
Uaavy metals
Amines, aryl
1 Acidic
(compounds,
1 inorganic
I
INitro/nitroso
(compounds
1
i
I
1 Acidic
Icon pounds,
1 inorganic
1
iNitro/nltroso
Icom pounds
1
ilNitro/nitroso
Icom pounds
1
1
iNitro/nitroso
Icoa pounds
1
1
iNltro/nltroao
Icom pounds
1
1
iNitro/nltroso
Icom pounds
1
1
INitro/nitroso
1 compounds
1
1
INitro/nitroso
1 compounds
1
1
(Guide
No.
18
9
1
21
1
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
I I Hazard (s), in
CAS No. I Addition to Toxlcity
I
13163-39-31 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
(Reactive
(Potential carcinogen
1
5^-1 1-5 (Combustible w/to.-dc
(products
1 Poison
1
7697-37-21 Corrosive
(Reactive
lOxidizer
1
98-95-3 iCoabustible w/toxic
(products
(Pol sen
i
I
10102-JW -0| Corrosive
lOxidizer
I Poison
I
79-46-9 1 Flammable w/toxic
I products
I
lllo-S'J-TICanbustible w/toxlc
1 products
1 Potential carcinogen
1
55-18-51 Combustible w/toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
62-75-91 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1 Potential carcinogen
1
621-6M-7ICambusttble w/toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
I
681-93-5 1 Combustible w/toxic
(products
1 Potential carcinogen
1
l)5'*9-JJO-0|Flaranable w/toxlc
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
1
1 Behavior In Water
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
1.
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
i
1
1 Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble
KS.G.-1.00)
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble
|(S.C.=1.00)
I
I
(Insoluble Floater
I
I
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1-16
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
(Guide I I Hazard (a), in
Hazardous Substance 1 Chemical Class
1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine INitro/nitroso
1 compounds
I
1
Octamethylpyrophosphor-l Amides,
£L.ide | anil ides, and
limides
i
1
Paraldehyde 1 Esters and
tethers
1
Parathion (Organophosphates
i
I
Pentachloroethane 1 Aliphatics ,
Ihalogenated
1
1 , 3-Pentadiene 1 Aliphatic
1 hydrocarbons
1
Phosphoric acid 1 Acidic
j compounds,
(inorganic
1
Phosphorus ox/chloride 1 Hal idea,
(inorganic
1
Phosphorus trichloride (Hal ides,
1 inorganic
1
2-Piooline | Amines, aryl
1
1
Folychlorinated 1 Aromatics ,
biphenyls lhalogenated
1
Propopgita ISul fates and
(sulfltes
1
Propargyl alcohol (Alcohols and
Iglycols
1
Proplonic acid (Acidic
(compounds,
(organic
1
Propionle anhydride (Acidic
(compounds,
(organic
1
No.
21
7
15
22
6
5
1
17
17
9
11
26
3
2
2
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxiclty
930-55-aiCccibustiblo w/toxlc
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
152-16-91
1
1
1'
123-63-71 Flammable
1
1
56-38-2 (Poison
i
1
76-0 1-7 (Combustible w/toxlc
(products
1
5M-60-9I Flammable
1
1
7661-38-21 Corrosive
1
!
1
10025-37-3 (Corrosive
(Reactive
1
7719-12-2|Corroslve
(Reactive
1
109-06-8 (Canbustible w/toxic
(products
1
1336-36-3 (Potential carcinogen
1
1
2312-35-81 Flammable w/toxlc
1 products
1
107-19-7 (Flammable
I Poison
I
79-09-" I Combustible
1
1
1
123-62-6 (Ccfflbus title
1
1
1
Behavior in Water
Soluble Sinker
Soluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Sinker
Insoluble Floater
Soluble Sinker
Decomposes
(Sinker)
.
Decomposes
(Sinker)
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker
.
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Floater
Soluble Floater
Decomposes
(Sinker)
1-17
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
n-Propylamine
Propylene diehlorlde
Propyiene oxide
1 , 2-Propylenlmlne
Pyridlne
Qulnoline
Safrole
Selenious acid
Scdlun hypochlorlte
(in aqueous solution)
Styrene
Sulfur monochlort.de
Sulfurle acid
2,1,5-T amines
2,H,5-T eaters
1,1,1, 2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
1
1 Chemical Class
1
(Amines, alkyl
1
1
(Allphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
1 Oxides, alkylene
1
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
lAcidlc
1 compounds.
1 inorganic
1
1 Basic compounds
1
i
1
1 Aromatic
1 hydrocarbons
1
IHalides,
(inorganic
1
(Acidic
Icompoinds,
(inorganic
1
(Amines, aryl
1
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
lAliphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatics,
lhalogenated
1
(Guide
No.
8
6
23
8
1
8
9
10
1
12
10
17
1
9
15
6
6
,' I Hazard(s), in
CAS No. I Addition to ToJdeity
I
107-10-81 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
1
78-87-5 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
75-56-9 (Flammable
(Corrosive
1
75-55-31 Flammable w/toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
110-36-1 (Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
91-22-5lConbustible
1
9*l-59-7lCai)bustlble
(Potential carcinogen
1
7783-00-81
1
1
.1
10022-70-51
7681-52-91
I
i
100-42-5 (Flammable
IPolymeriable
1
12771-08-3 (Corrosive
(Reactive
I
7661 -93-9 1 Corrosive
(Reactive
1
1
2008-H6-OI Combustible w/toxie
1 products
1
H.A.I
1
1
630-20-61
1
1
79-3t-5l
1
1
1
1 Behavior In Hater
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinter
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
I
1 Soluble Floater
i
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
i
i
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
1 Decomposes
l( Sinker)
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1-13
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetraethyldi thiopyro-
phosphate
Tetraethyl lead
Tetraethyl
pyro phosphate
Tetrahydrofuran
Vetranl t pone thane
Thiophenol
Toluene
Toluene dlisocyanate
2,1,5-TP acid estera
1,2, 1-Trtchloroben2Bne
1,1, 2-Trtchloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlororaonofluoro-
methane
Trlethylamine
1
1 Chemical Class
1
lAliphatics,
Ihalogenated
1
(Organophosphates
1
1
(Heavy metals
1
1
1
1 Organophos pha tea
1
1
1
jEscers and
(ethers
1
iNitro/nitroao
(compounds
1
IRienola and
Icreaols
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
(Cyanates and
1 isocyanates
1
1
(Eaters and
(ethers
1
lAronatics,
lhalogenated
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
(Guide
No.
6
22
18
22
15
21
25
10
13
15
11
6
6
6
8
I Hazard (s), in
CAS No. Addition to Toxicity
127-18-JI
3689-21-5 Poison
78-00-21 Combustible w/tojdc
(products
1 Poison
1
10'M9-3lCoabu3tible w/toxic
1 products
1 Poison
1
109-99-9 (Flammable
I
I
509-11-81 Explosive
lOxidizer
1
108-98-51
1
1
108 -B8-3I Flammable
I
I
58«-6H-9lCanbu3tible w/toxic
I products
Ooison
I
N.A.ICcabustible w/toxic
I products
I
120-fl2-1|Canbu3tible w/toxic
(products
1
79-00-5 ICcrabustible w/toxic
1 products
1
79-01-61 (Flammable w/toxic
(products)
1
75-69-K
1
1
121-IM-aiFlannable w/toxic
(products
1 Corrosive
1
Behavior in Water
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinker
Soluble Sinter
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Floater
Decomposes
(Sinter)
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Insoluble Sinter
Soluble Floater
1-19
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-i. (continued)
Hazardous Substance
Vinyl acetate
Vlnylldene chloride
Xylene
Xylenol
1 IGulde
1 Chemical Class 1 t.'o.
1
(Esters and 1 15
letters
1
lAliphatics,
lhalogenated
|
1
1
1 Aromatic
1 hydrocarbons
1
1 Phenol s and
Icresols
1
6
.
10
25
1 1 Hazard(s), in
CAS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxicity
1
108-05-41 Flammable
1 Polymer! able
1
75-35-Jl (Flammable w/toxic
(products
1 Polymerizable
I Potential carcinogen
1
1330-20-71 Flammable
1
1
1300-71-6|Conbu3tible
1
1
Behavior in Water
Soluble Floater
Insoluble Sinker .
Insoluble Floater
Soluble Sinker
Note 1: Specific gravity calculated according to Grains Method Given in the
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (Ret. 1).
Note 2: Specific Gravity and/or solubility estimated baaed on active chemical
groups and physical characteristics of structurally similar coapouids.
LSGEND:
N.A. s Not Available
S.G. = Specific Gravity
1-20
-------
TABLE 1-2. CERCLA Liquids Numerica] Index
DOT 1
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
1
1036 IMonoethylamine
1
1
1
1040 lEUiylene oxide
1
I
l
1050 I Hydrochloric acid
1 (anhydrous )
1
1
1051 1 Hydrocyanic acid
1
1
1
1052 I Hydrofluoric acid
I (anhydrous )
1
i
1067 I Nitrogen dioxide
I
I
I
1069 (Acetaldehyde
1
1
1090 | Acetone
1
1092 lAerolein .
I
I
I
1093 (Acrylonitrlle
1
1
1
1
1
1098 I Ally 1 alcohol
1
1
1100 lAllyl chloride
1
1
1104 lAmyl acetate
1
1
1114 I Benzene
1
1
1
1 Cl.omic.il Class
1
(Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
iOxidea, alkylene
1
i
1
(Acidic
(compounds,
(inorganic
1
(Cyanides and
.Initrllea
1
1
(Acidic compounds
1 inorganic
i
i
(Acidic
(compounds,
1 Inorganic
1
(Aldehydes
1
1
(Ketones
1
1 Aldehydes
1
1
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
1
1
1
1
(Alcohols and
Iglycols
1
lAllphatics,
(halogenated
1
| Esters and
(ethers
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
(Guide
No.
6
23
1
11
1
1
4
20
4
14
3
6
15
10
I I Hazard (s), in
CAS No* I Addition to Toxic! ty
I
75-01-7 1 Flammable w/toxlo
(products
(Corrosive
1
75-21-81 Flammable
(Corrosive
i
1
7647-01-OlCorroslve
1 Reactive
1
1
74-90-81 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1 Poison
1
7661-39-3 (Corrosive
(Reactive
i
1
101 02-44-0 (Corrosive
(Oxidlzer
1 Pol son
1
75-07-0 1 Flammable
1 Polyuierizable
i
67-64-1 (Flammable
I
107-02-3 1 Flammable
IPolymerizable
(Poison
I
10V-13-1 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
IPolymerizable
(Potential carcinogen
1 Poison
1
107-18-61 Flammable
1 Poison
1
1 07-05-1 IFlanmable w/toxlc
(products
I
628-63-7 1 Flammable
I
I
71-43-21 Flammable
(Potential carcinogon
1
1
1 Behavior In Water
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
i
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
i
1
(Decomposes
((Sinker)
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
*Chemical Abstract Services Numbur
1-21
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No. 1 Hazardous Substance
1
1120 M-Butanol
1
1
1123 I Butyl acetate
I
I
1125 IButylamine
I
I
1131 1 Car Don disulfide
1
1
1134 iChlorobenzene
I
I
1113 ICrotonaldehyde
1
1
1145 ICyclohexane
I
I
1150 11,2-tran?-
(Dichloro-jthyiene
I
1154 IDiethylaaine
1155 Ethyl ether
1 1 63 1 , 1-Dimethylhydrazine
1165 1,4-Dioxane
1173 Ethyl acetate
1175 Ethylbenzene
1184 Ethylene dichlorlde
1 (Guide
1 Chemical Class 1 IJo.
1
1 Alcohols and
Iglycola
1
1 Esters and
letters
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
(Sul fides and
loercaptans
1
(Aroaatics,
lhalogenatod
1
(Aldehydes
|
1
(Aliphatic
(hydrocarbons
1
lAllphatics,
lhalogunated
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
(Caters and
(ethers
1
1
(Hydrazines and
(hydra zides
1
1
1
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
(Esters and
tethers
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
(Allphatlcs,
(haloge rated
1
1
3
15
8
27
11
4
5
6
B
15
19
15
15
10
6
1 1 Hazard (a), in 1
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxlcity 1 Behavior in Water
1
71-36-3 (Flammable
1
1
123-86-4 (Flammable
1
1
109-73-91 Flammable w/toadc
(products
1
75-15-01 Flanmable w/toxic
(products
1
1 08-90-7 (Flaanable w/toxic
(products
1
41 70-30-3 (Flaamable
123-73-91
1
11 0-82-7 (Flammable
I
I
156-60-5 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
I
109-89-71 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
(Corrosive
1
60-29-71 Explosive, upon
(standing
| Flammable
1
57-11-7IFlammable w/toxic
loroducta
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
(Poison
1
123-91-11 Flammable
1 Potential carcinogen
1
141-78-61 Flammable
1
1
100-4 1-4 (Flammable
I
I
107 -06-2 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
(Potential carcinogen
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker •
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
1-22
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT I
ID Ko.l Hazardous Substance
1
1185 lEthylenimine
1
1
1 '
1193 (Methyl ethyl ketone
I
1199 I Furfural
I
1212 llaobutyl alcohol
1
1
1218 llsopreiw
1
1
1230 iMethanol
I
I
1238 (Methyl chlorocarbonate
1
1
1239 IChloromethyl methyl
letter
1
1
1
1244 iMethyl hydrazlne
1
1
1
1245 IMethyl isobutyl ketone
1
1247 IMethyl methacrylate
1
1
1259 1 Nickel carbonyl
1
1
1
1
1264 IParaldehyde
1
1
1277 In-Propylamlne
I
1
1279 iDlchloro propane (all
llsoaers)
1
1279 IPropylcne dichloride
I
I .
Chemical Class
Amines, alkyl
IKe tones
1
1 Aldehydes
1
(Alcohols and
Iglycols
1
(Aliphatic
(hydrocarbons
1
1 Alcohols and
Iglycols
1
(Eaters and
(ethers
1
1 Ethers,
lhalogenated
1
1
1
llfydrazlnes and
1 hydra aides
1
1
IKe tones
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
(Heavy metals
1
1
1
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1 All pha tics,
lhalogenated
1
lAllphatlcs,
lhalogenated
1
(Guide
No.
8
20
4
3
.5
3
15
16
19
20
15
18
15
8
6
6
f I Hazard(s), in
CAS Ho. I Addition to Toxicit
I
1 51-56-4 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
(Poison
1
78-93-3 IFJamable
1
98-01-1 ICcobustible
I
78-83-1 1 Flaosnable
I
I
78-79-5 1 Flanzable
I Polymerlaable
I
67-56- 1| Flammable
I
I
79-22- 11 Flammable w/toxlc
(protects
1
1 07-30-2 IFlasmable w/toxlc
(projects
(Potential carcinogen
(Poison
I
60-34-4 1 Flaanable w/toxlc
(products
I Pol son
I
108-10-1 1 Flammable
1
80-62-61 Flamcable
lPol>nerizable
1
13163-39-31 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
(Reactive
(Potential carcinogen
1
123-63-7 (Flammable
1
1
107-10-81 Flammable w/ toxic
(products
1
6638-19-7 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
I
78-87-5 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
I
I .
/ | Behavior in Water
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I ...
(Soluble Sinker
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I • .
I
1
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1 Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1-23
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
Dor i
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
1
1260 (Propylene oxide
1
1
1262 IPyridlne
I
I
1294 I Toluene
I
1
1296 (Triethylamina
1
1
1
1301 I Vinyl acetate
1
1
1303 (Vinylldene chloride
I
1
1
1
1307 IXylene
1
1
1510 iTetranltrofflethane
1
1
1541 I Acetone cyanohydrln
I
1
1
1547 (Aniline
I
1
1
1560 I Arsenic trichloride
1
1
1
1569 (Broaoacetone (Note 2)
1
1569 1 Cyanogen chloride
1
1
1591 lo-Dichlorobenzene
1
1
1593 (Methylene chloride
I
I
I
I Chemical Class
I
(Oxides, alkylen
I
I
(Amines, aryl
I
I
(Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
I
(Amines, alkyl
i
I
I
(Esters one:
(ethers
I
(Aliphatica,
lhalogenated
I
I
I
(Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
I
(Nitro/nitroso
I com pounds
I
(Cyanides and
jnitriles
I
I
I Amines, aryl
I
I
I
HUlldes,
llnorgwio
1
1
(Ketones
1
(Cyanides and
jnitriles
1
lAromatlcs,
lhaloge rated
1
(Allphatlcs,
ihalogonated
1
(Guide
No.
23
9
10
8
15
6
10
21
14
9
17
20
14
11
6
1 I Hazard (a), in 1
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxlcity 1 Behavior In Water
1
75-56-9 (Flammable
(Corrosive
1
110-86-1 1 Flammable w/toxlo
(products
1
108-88-3 (Flammable
I
I
121-44-8 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1 Corrosive
1
1 08-05-4 IFltamable
(Polymerlzable
1
75-35-41 Flammable u/toxic
(products
1 Polymerlzable
(Potential carcinogen
1
1330-20-7 (Flammable
I
I
509-14-B I Explosive
(Oxldizer
I
75-86-5 1 Combustible w/toxlc
(products
I Poison
I
62,53-3ICcmbu3tlble w/toxlc
(products
(Poison
1
7784-34-1 (Corrosive
(Reactive
(Poison
1
598-31-21 Poison
1
506-77-4 (Poison
1
1 .
95-50- KCombuatlble w/toxlc
(products
I
75-09-2 1 Combustible w/toxlc
(products
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater .
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
I .
(Insoluble Sinker
I
1
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1 Decomposes
((Sinter)
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1-24
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No. 1 Hazardous Substance
1
1595 I Dimethyl sulfate
I
I
I
I
1604 lEthylenadlamlne
I
I
I
1605 (Ethylene dlbrcoide
I
I
1
1 Chemical Class
1 .
ISul fates and
Isulfites
1
1
1
| Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
(Aliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1611 IHexaethyl tetraphosphatelOrganophosphates
1
1613 (Hydrocyanic acid
Kin aqueous solution)
I
I
1648 Uoetonitrile
I
I
1649 ITetraethyl lead
1
1
1
I65t (Niootlna and aolta
1655 I
1656 |
1657 I
1658 |
1659 1
1
1662 (Nitrobenzene
1
1
1
1669 I Pentachloroethane
I
I
1 702 11,1,1, 2-Tetrachloro-
I ethane
I
1 702 (1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloro-
lethane
1
1703 (Tetraethyldithiopyro-
1701 (phosphate
1
1
(Cyanides and
Initrlles
1
1
(Cyanides and
Initrllea
1
(Heavy metals
1
1
1
lAminaa, aryl
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Nltro/nitroso
(compounds
1
1
(Allphatlcs,
lhalogenated
I
1 Aliphatics,
(halogenated
1
lAliphatica,
lhalogenated
1
(Organophospnates
1
1
(Guide
No.
26
8
6
22
11
14
18
9
21
6
6
6
22
1 I Hazard (a), in 1
CHS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxlcity I Behavior in Water
1
77-78-1 (Conbuatible w/toxic
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
I
107-15-3lFlammable w/toxic
(products
(Corrosive
1
1 06--93-4 (Potential carcinogen
I
I
757-58-4 1 Poi sen
I
74-90-8 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1 Poison
1
75-00-31 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
78-00-2 IConbuaUble w/toxic
(products
(Poison
1
54-11-5ICanbuatlble w/toxlc
(products
(Poison
I
I
I
I
98-95-3lCcabustlble w/toxlc
(prodi.cts
I Poison
I
76-01-7ICanbuatlble w/toxlc
(products
I
630-20-4 1
I
I
79-31-5 1
1
1
3689-24-5 (Poison
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinter
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1-25
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No.l tlssardous Substance
1
1
1 Chemical Class
1
1705 ITetraethyl pyrophospnatelOrganophosphates
I
I
I
1710 1 Trichloroethylene
1
i
1715 lAoetic anhydride
I
I
i
1716 lAoetyl bromide
1
1
1
1
1717 lAoetyl chloride
I
I
I
1
1730 I Antimony pentachloride
I
I
1736 IBenzoyl chloride
I
I
I
1738 1 Benzyl chloride
1
1
1
1
1754 IChlonwulfonlc acid
1
1
1
1760 |2,2-DlchlOPOproplonlo
lacld
1
1
1760 l.'iltric acid
1
1
1
1779 1 Formic acid
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Aliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1 Acidic
1 com pounds,
(organic
1
(Aliphatics,
lhalogenated
1
1
1
(AHphatics,
lhalogenated
1
i
1
iHalldes,
(Inorganic
1
(Aromatlcs,
(halogeiiated
1
1
1 Aromatlcs ,
lhalogenated
1
1
1
1 Acidic
(compounds ,
(organic
1
1 Acidic
(compounds,
(organic
1
(Addle
(compounds,
(Inorganic
1
(Addle
(compounds,
(organic
1
(Guide
lo.
22
6
2
6
6
17
11
11
2
2
1
2
1 I Hazard(s), In 1
CAS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxicity 1 Behavior In Water
1
107-tl9-3ICaiibustlble w/toxlo
I products
(Poison
1
79-01-61 (Flammable w/ toxic
Iproducta)
1
108-51-71 Combustible
(Corrosive
1
1
506-96-71 Flaanable w/toxlo
(products
(Corrosive
(Reactive
1
75-36-51 Flammable w/toxlc
Iproducta
(Corrosive
(Reactive
1
7W7-18-9I Corrosive
(Reactive
1
98-88-4fCoxbustlble w/toxlc
(products
(Corrosive
1
100-41-7ICcmbu9tlble w/toxlc
(products
1 Corrosive
(Reactive
1
7790-91 -5 ICorrwive
(Reactive
1
1
75-99-OlCorroslve
1
1
1
7697-37-21 Corrosive
(Reactive
(Oxldlzer
1
64-l8-6|Ccmbustlble
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1.
1
1 Decora poses
1 (Sinker)
1
1
1
(Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
1
IDeoomposej
1 (Sinker)
1
jDecoopnaes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1-26
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
1
1789 I Hydrochloric acid
I (In aqueous solution)
I
I
1790 iHydrofiierie acid
1 (in aqueous solution)
1
1
1791 ISodiun hypochlorlta
Kin aqueous solution)
1
1805 I Phosphoric acid
1
1
1
1809 1 Phosphorus trichloride
1
1
1810 (Phosphorus oxychloride
1
1
1828 1 Sulfur monochlorlde
1
1
1830 ISulfuric acid
1831 1
1832 1
1
1846 1 Carton tetrachlorlde
1
1
181)8 1 Preplan! c acid
1
1
1
1886 IBonzal chloride
1
1
1888 I Chloroform
1
1
1897 ITetrachloroethylene
1
1
1915 ICyelchexanone
1
I
I Chemical Class
I
I Acidic
I com pounds,
(inorganic
I
I Acidic
I com pounds,
(inorganic
I
; Basic coapomds
I
I
I Acidic
I coo pounds i
1 inorganic
1
lHalldea,
1 inorganic
1
1 Hal ides,
1 Inorganic
1
Illalldes,
(inorganic
.1
1 Acidic
(compounds,
(inorganic
1
(Aliphatlcs,
Ihalogenated
1
(Acidic
(compounds,
(organic
1
1 Aromatlcs ,
Ihalogenated
1
lAllphatica,
Ihalogenated
1
lAllphatica,
Ihalogenated
1
(Ke tones
1
1916 |Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether I Ethers,
I
I
I
Ihalogcnated
1
1
(Guide
Ko.
1
1
12
1
17
17
17
1
6
2
11
6
6
20
16
I I Hazard (3), in 1
CAS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxlcity 1 Behavior in Water
1
76')7-01-0|Corro3ive
(Reactive
I
I
766H-39-3 I Corrosive
(Reactive
I
I
10022-70-5 I
7681-52-91
1
7661-38-21 Corrosive
1
1
1
7719-12-2ICorr03ive
(Reactive
I
10025-37-3 1 Corrosive
1 React ivo
1
12771-08-3ICorro3ive
(Reactive
1
766H-93-9ICorrosive
1 Reactive
1
1
56-23-5 1 Potential carcinogen
1
1
79-09-^1 Con bus tible
1
1
1
98-87-31
1
1
67-66-3 (Potential o.«cinogen
1
1
127-18-41
1
1
108-91-1 1 Combustible
I
111-l)l|-l||Cunbu3tlble w/toxic
1 products
1 Poison
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1 Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Decomposes
I (Sinker)
1
1 Decomposes
!( Sinker)
1
1 Decomposes
((Sinker)
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Si.iker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1-27
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT
ID No. Hazardous Substance
1917 Ethyl acrylate
1918 ICunene
1
1
1 92 1 11, 2-Propylenlaine
1
1
1
1967 IParathion
1
1986 iPropargyl alcohol
I
I
1993 1 Creosote
1
1
2021 12-Chlorophenol
1
1
2023 1 Epichlorohydrin
1
1
2029 IHydrazlne
2030 1
1
1
1
1
2031 iHltrlf! acid
2032 I
I
I
2047 1 1 , 3-Dichloropropene
1
1
2047 iDlchloropropene (all
1 i sonera )
1
2017 JDldiloropropene-dichLlo-
lopropcine lolxture
1
2055 IStyrene
1
1
2056 1 Tetrahydrof uran
1
1
1
1 Chemical Class
1
(Esters and
1 ethers
1
1 Aromatic
(hydrocarbons
1
1 Amines, alkyl
1
1
1
lOrgano phosphates
1
(Alcohols and
iglycols
1
(Phenols and
Icresols
1
(Phenols and
Icresols
1
(Oxides, alkylene
1
1
(Hydrazines and
(hydrazides
1
1
1
1
(Acidic
ICOQ pounds,
(inorganic
1
(Aliphatica,
(haloger.ated
1
I Allphatlca,
|halO|£nated
1
1 Allphatlca,
(halogenated
1
I Aromatic
1 hydrocarbons
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
(Guide
No.
15
10
8
22
3
25
25
23
19
1
6
6
6
10
15
1 I Hazard (a), In I
CAS No. 1 Addition to Tojdclty I Behavior In Water
1
TJO-88-5I Flammable
(Polymerlzatile
I
98-82-8 1 Combustible
I
I
75-55-8 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
(Potential carcinogen
I
56-38-2 | Poison
I
107-19-71 Flammable
1 Poison
1
8001-58-9 1 Conbustlble
(Potential carcinogen
I
95-57-8 1 Combustible w/toxlc
(products
I
106-69-8 1 Flammable u/toxlc
(products
I
302-0 1-2 1 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
(Poison
1
7697-37-2(Corrosive
(Reactive
(Oxldlzer
1
512-75-6 (Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
26952-23-8 (Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
8003-19-81 Flatmable w/toxlo
! products
1
100-42-51 Flammable
iPolymerlzable
1
1 09-99-9 1 Flamnable
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
I Soluble
I(S.C.=1.00)
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
\
t
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1 Insoluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1-28
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT -I
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
1
2075 (Chloral
1
1
1
1
2076 ICresol
1
1
2078 ! Toluene diisocyanate
1
1
1
2116 (alpha ,alpha-Dlmeth)-'.-
I benzylhydro peroxide
1
2218 | Acrylic acid
1
1
1
2224 IBanaonitrile
1
1
Chemical Class
Aldehydes
1 Phenols and
Icresols
1
(Cyanates and
llsocyanatcs
1
1
1 Peroxides
1
1
1 Acidic
1 compounds,
1 organic
1
(Cyanides and
Initriles
1
2225 1 Benzeneaulfonyl chloride 1 Acidic
1
1
1
2226 | Benzotrlchloride
1
1
1
2232 IChloraacetaldehyde
1
1
1
2249 IBls(chloronethyl) ether
1
1
1
2261 IXylenol
1
1
2262 1 Dimethyl carbomoyl
(chloride (Note 2)
1
1
1
2277 1 Ethyl methacrylate
1
1
(compounds,
(orguilc
1
1 Arcmatlcs ,
(halogenated
1
1
(Aldehydes
1
1
(Ethers,
Ihalogenated
1
1
(Phenols and
Icresols
1
(Addle
(compounds,
(organic
1
1
(Esters and
(ethers
1
| Guide
No.
4
25
13
24
2
14
2
11
4
16
25
2
15
I I Hazard(s), in 1
CAS No. 1 Addltlcn to Toxicity 1 Behavior in Water
1
75-87-6 (Combustible v/ toxic
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
1
1 3 1 9-77-3 1 Ccabus tl ble
I
I
584-84-9 1 Conbuati ble w/toxie
(products
(Poison
I
80-15-91 Explosive
(Combustible
1
79-10-7(Conbustlblo
(Corrosive
IFolymerizable
I
100-47-4|Caabu3tlble w/toxlo
(products
I
98-09-9IConbustlMe v/toxic
(products
I
I
98-07-7lCcnbu3tible w/uxlc
(products
(Corrosive
I
107-20-OIConbustlble w/toxic
(products
(Polymerlzable
C
542-88-1 (Conbustlble w/ toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
1300-71-6|Coabu3tible
1
1
79Jl4-7|Ccmbustible w/toxic
(products
(Reactive
(Potential carcinogen
1
97-63-21 Flammable
(Polymerlzable
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1 Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
I Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
1
(Insoluble Floater
1
1
1-29
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT I
ID No. 1 Hazardous Substance
1
2279 IHexachlorobutadiene
1
I
2291 (Lead fluoborate
1 (in aqueous solution)
. 1
2313 12-Picoline
1
1
2315 IPolychlorlnated
(biphenyls
1
2321 II , 2, 1-Trlchlorobenzene
1
1
2337 iThiophenol
1
1
23^2 |1, 1-DlcMoroethane
1
1
2302 (1,2-Dlfflethylhydrazlne
1
1
1
1
2383 (Dlpropylamine
1
1
2369 IPuran
1
1
2104 I Ethyl cyanide
1
1
2160 iMethyl isoeyanate
1
1
2190 (Bi3(2-chloroisopropyl)-
letbsr
1
2196 IProplonlc anhydride
1
1
1
2515 IBronoforu .
1
1
1 (Guide
1 Chemical Class I Ho.
1
lAliftiatics,
Ihalogenated
1
(Heavy metals
1
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
1
(Aroaatics,
Ihalogenated
1
1 Aroaatics ,
Ihalogenated
1
IPnenols and
Icresola
|
(Aliphatics,
Ihalogenated
1
(Hydrazlnes and
1 hydra rides
Amines, alkyl
(Esters and
I ethers
1
(Cyanides and
Inltrilea
1
(Cyanates and
(isocyanates
1
(Ethers,
|halo03 nated
1
(Acidic
(coo pounds,
(orgmic
1
(Aliphatlcs,
Ihalogenated
1
6
18
9
11
11
25
6
19
8
15
11
13
16
2
6
1 1 Hazard(s), in 1
CAS No. 1 Addition to Toxlcity 1 Behavior in Water
1
87-68-31
1
1
13811-96-51
1
1
109-06-8|Canbustible w/toxie
(products
I
1336-36-3 1 Potential carcinogen
1
1
120-82-1|Conbu3tible w/toxic
(products
1
103-98-51
1
1
75-31-3 (Flanmable w/toxic
(products
1
510-73-8 (Flammable w/toxic
(products
(Corrosive
(Potential carcinogen
1
112-81-71 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
11 0-00-91 Flammable
1
1
107-12-01 Flammable w/toxlc
(products
1
621-63-9 (Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
108-60-1 IConbustible w/toxic
(products
I
123-62-6 (Combustible
I
I
I
75-25-2 1
I
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker •
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
{Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Insoluble Sinker
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
I
I
I
(Soluble Floater
I
!
(Soluble Floater
I
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Decomposes
1 (Sinker)
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
I
1
1-30
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
• 1
2550 |2-Butanone peroxide
((Note 2)
1
1
2564 IDodecylbenzeneaulfonic
lacid
1
I
2608 1 2-Nitropropone
1
1
2622 IGlycidylaldehyde
KNote 2}
1
2644 1 Methyl iodide
1
1
2646 1 Hexachlorocyolo-
Ipentadlene
1
2656 IQulnollne
1
2664 IMethylene bromide
1
1
2672 lAnaonlUD hydroxide
1
2683 (Amnoniiin sulflde
Kin atroeous solution)
1
2765 12,4,5-TP acid eaters
1
1
2765 IPropargite
1
1
2765 (2,4,5-T esters
1
1
2765 12,4,5-T amines
1
1
2783 (Dichiorvos
1
2783 IMalathion
1
2783 IDlazlnon
1
1
1
1 Chemical Class
1
1 Peroxides
1
1
1
1 Acidic
1 compounds i
1 organic
1
iNitro/nitroso
loom pounds
i
1
1 Aldehydes
1
1
lymphatics,
Ihalogenuted
1
(Allphatica,
Ihalogunatcd
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
(Aliphatlcs,
Ihalogonated
1
(Ebsic compounds
1
1 Sulttdes and
Imercaptans
1
| Esters and
lethers
1
iSul fates and
Isulfites
1
1 Esters and
lethers
1
1 Amines, aryl
1
1
lOrganophosptiates
1
(Orginophosphates
1
lOr^nophosphates
1
1
1 Guide
No.
24
2
21
4
6
6
9
6
12
27
15
26
15
9
22
22
22
1 I Hazard (3), in 1
CAS Ho. 1 Addition to Toxicity 1 Behavior in Water
1
1 338-23-4 1 Explosive
lOxidizer
(Combustible
1
27176-87-OIConbustible w/toxio
(products
1
1
79-46-91 Flammable w/toxic
1 products
i
I
765-34-4 (Flammable
i Potential carcinogen
1
74-88-4 1 Potential carcinogen
1
1
77-47-41
1
1
91-22-51 Combustible
1
74-95-31
1
1
1336-21-6|Corro3tve
I
121 35-76-1 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
I
N.A. IConbustible w/toxio
(products
I
2312-35-81 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
N.A.I
1
1
2008-46-OIConbustible w/toxic
(products
1
62-73-7 (Poison
1
121-75-51
1
333-41-5ICcabustible w/toxic
(products
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1.
i
I
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Siitker
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
(Soluble Floater
1
(Soluble Sinker
1.
1
1 Insoluble Sinker
1
1 .
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1 Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1-31
(continued)
-------
TABLE 1-2. (continued)
DOT 1
ID No.l Hazardous Substance
1
2781) iTetraethyl pyrophosphate
|
1
1
2783 1 Parathlon
278i( |
1
2783 I Ethion
1
2783 iMevlnphos
1
1
1
(Guide
Chemical Class I Ho.
Organophosphates
Organophcsphates
Organophosphates
Organophosphatea
2789 1 Acetic acid (Acidic
1 (compounds,
1 lorg"iic
1 1
2809 IMercury (Heavy metals
1 1
2820 I Butyric acid (Acidic
1 (compounds,
1 (organic
1 1
2831 (1,1,2-Trichloroethane (Allphaties,
I Inalogenated
I I
2831 (Methyl chloroform (Aliphatica,
I lhalogenated
I I
2872 Hf2-Dlbromo-3-chloropro-lAliphatic3,
(pane (Note 2) lhalogonated
1 1
1 1
2924 |1,<4-Dichloro-2-butene (Allphatlcs,
1 lhalogenated
1 1
9095 IDl-n-butylphthalate (Esters and
1 (ethers
1 1
22
22
22
22
2
18
2
6
6
6
6
15
I I Hazard (s', in
CAS No. I Addition to Toxicity
I
107-t9-3ICanbustible w/toxlo
(products
(Poison
1
56-38-2 |Poi sof!
1
1
563-12-2 (Poison
1
7786-34-7ICcabustible w/toxic
(products
(Poison
1
6ii-19-7ICcmbustible
(Corrosive
I
I
7139-97-61
1
107-92-6|Canbu9tible
I
I
I
79-00-5lCanbustible w/toxic
(products
I
71-55-6|Canbustible w/toxic
(products
1
96-12-81 Combustible w/toxic
(products
(Potential carcinogen
1
J6H-H 1-0 1 Flammable w/toxic
(products
1
e^t-ai
1
1
1
1 Behavior in Water
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Soluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
(Soluble Floater
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
(Insoluble Sinker
1
1
Note 1: Specific gravity calculated according to Grains Method given in the
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (Ret:. 1).
Note 2: Specific gravity anci/cr solubility estimated based on active chemical
groups and pnysical characteristics of structurally similar compounds.
LEGEND:
N.A. = Not Available
S.O. = Specific Gravity
1-32
-------
SOR8EST SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 1
CHEKICAL CLASS: Acidic Compounds, TnorganLo
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Nitric Acid
For releases onto land, recoisaended sorbents are Hated in prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Scrbent
Prlorltlza'wlon tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent coluan. Pertinent logistical Information, such
as application and collection methodology, Is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LANBSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application
IDFoased Glass»/pl/2-15 Throw
(2)Ex Mineral/p/2-1U Shovel
(2)Foa=ed Glass«/p/2-15 Shovel
Collection Limitations
Pitchfork
Shovel
Shovel
R,P,DGC,RT
a,I,W,P,D3C
R,W,P,DGC
LAJTCS7ILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbenta/Type/Pg Application
(OEx Mineral/p/2-11 Blower
(2)Foa3ied GlassVp/2-15 Blower
(3)rcaaed Glas3«/pl/2-15 Throw
Collection Llaltatlons
Sklploader
Sklploader
S'Kiploader
R.I.W.P.DGC
R,W,P,DGC
H.P.OGC.RT
LAHDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(DEx Mlneral/p/2-1H
(2)Foaa«d Glass»/p/2-15
Estimated**
Disposal Costs($)
1168-1501
3375
• Not coapatlble with hydrofluoric acid.
*• Cost Includes sorbent, drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
b = Booa pi
CLP = Cross linked polymer R
DGC = Hot effective where ground cover Is dense RT
Ex Mineral : Expanded mineral SS
I : Not Inclnerable TC
a = Mat • TW
p = Partlculate U
P = Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Pillow
Not reusable
Not effective where terrain Is rugged
Not for use within envlronncnt.illy senaitlvs altes
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBEMT SELECTION AMD USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 2
CHEMICAL CLASS: Acidic Compounds, Organic*
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQCTD: Acrylic Acid
I
U)
For releases onto land, recommended sorber.ts are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Minual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent coluan. Pertinent logistical information, such
as application and collection methodology, Is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LANDSPIU. - SMALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(l)Wood Flber/pi/2-12
(1)CLP/p/2-19
(l)CLP/pl/2-19.
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(2)Foaaed Glaas/pl/2-15
(3)Wood Fibsr/p/2-12
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbent5/Type/Pg
( DEx Mlneral/p/2-1«
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
("OPolypropylene/p/2-18
(5)Foaned Glass/p/2-15
(6)TW flber/p/2-13
Application
Throw
Shovel
Threw
Shovel
Throw
Shovel
Collection
Pitchfork
Shovel
Pitchfork
Shovel
Pltshforlt
Shovel
Llnltatlons
R.P.DGC.RT
R.W.SS
R.DGC.RT
R,I,P
R,P,DGC,RT
R,W,P,DGC
Eatlsated*
Disposal Co3ts(»)
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorb°nts/Type/?g
(DCLP/p/2-19
(2>Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(2!S3rbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)CLP/pl/2-!9
(3)Polypropylene/'a/2-l8
(3)£x Mlneral/p/2-11
Application
31iwer
Bit er
Blcver
Throw
Throw
Blower
Collection Limitations
Skiploader R.H.SS
S'iclploader W,S3,DGC
Sklploader R,I,P
Sklploader R.DGC.RT
Sklpiuider W.SS.DGI
Sklploader R,I,U,P,DGC
1192-1553
1196-11752
1939-2«U1
3026-9722
3277
9*71
• Cost includes sorbent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal ajsoclated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend;
b
CLP
DGC
Ex Mineral
I
a
P
P •'••'•
4003 Pi =
Cross linked polyicer • R =
Hot effective where ground cover Is dense RT =
Expanded clneral SS =
Not Incinerable TC =
Mat TA =
Partlculate V x
= Effectiveness reduced, when rainy
Pillow
Mot reusable
Net effective where terrain Is rugged
Not for use within -jnvi.-onaer.taily sensitive sites
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy :...
-------
SORBENT SEIEC7I0.1 AND USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 3
I
U)
l/i
CHEMICAL CLASS: Alcohols & Glycols
REPRESENTATIVE HAZABDOOS LIQDJD: Allyl Alcohol
For releases onto land, reconaended sorber.ts arc listed in prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. FDT aJdlticnal sorbent prioritiiatlon information, see the Sorbe.nt
Priorltliation tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifiis turn to
the Sorbent Uata Sheet found on the page listed in the prioritized sorbent colusn. Pertinent logistical information, such
as application and collection nethcdology. Is given IT Section 3 of the .Manual.
LANDSPILL - SMALL
LAHD3PILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
( UCLP/p/2-19
(1)CLP/pl/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
<3)TW Flbcr/pl/2-13
<3)Wood Flber/pl/2-12
CJ)Foaned Glasa/pl/2-15
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(l)£x Mineral/p/2-11
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Uood Flber/p/2-12
(t)Polypro,-ylcne/p/2-ia
(5)Foaaed Glas3/p/2-15
(6)rrf Fiber/p/2-13
* Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend: b =
CLP =
DGC =
Ex Mineral r
I 3
a -
P =
P =
Application Collection Limitations
Shovel Shovel R,W,SS
Throw Shovel ft,DGC,RT
Shovel Shovel R.I.P
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
Throw Pitchfork R.P.CGC.RT
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DCC,RT
Estimated*
Disposal C03ta($)
1159-1':32
11)79-11116 .
2007-25^2
2703-8389
3109
Still
drums, olxlng, transportation, and disposal
Boom
Cross linked polymer
Not effective where ground cover is dense
Expanded slneral
Hot Incinerable
Mat
Partlculate
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Llaltati-ns
(DCI.P/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader R,W,S3
(2)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blower Skiploader W, S3, DGC
(2)3orbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader R,I,P
(3)EX Mineral/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader R,I,tf,P,DGC
(3)Polypropyler.e/a/2-l8 Throw Jkiploader uC-C.RT
(3>Polyurethan«/a/2-l6 Throw Skiploader DGC.RT
associated with landfill of 10CO gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi Pillow
R Not reusable
HT Not effective where terrain Is rugged
S3 Hot for use within envlroa-nentally sensitive sites
TC Treated clay/treated natural organic
TW = Treated wood fiber
W = Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
GUIDE NUMBER «
CHEMICAL CLASS: Aldehydes
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Furfural
u>
Far releases onto land, rtcomsended sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltizatlon Information, see the Sorbe.it
Prlorltlzation tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional scrbent specifics turn to
the Sortent Data Sheet found on the pige listed In the prioritized sorbent colusn. Pertlnsnt logistical inforaatlon, such
as application and collection methodology. Is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LATOSPILL - SHALL
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbe.its/Type/Pg
TDCUP/p/2-19
O)CLP/pl/2-19
(2)Sorb<-nt Clay/p/2-10
(2)Foioed Glass/pl/2-15
(3)Wood Fiber/pl/2-12
(3)TW Flber/pl/2-13
NON-FLOATING SPILL
Prioritized
Sorfcents/Type/Pg
(UEx Mineral/p/2-11
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Fibcr/p/2-12
(«)?olypropylene/p/2-18
(5)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(6)Diatomlte/p/2-11
• Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend; b
CLP
DGC
Ex Mineral
I
m
P
P
Application Collection Limitations
Shovel Shovel R,W,SS
Throw Pitchfork R,DGC,3T
Shovel Shovel R,I,P
Shovel Shovel R.W.P.CGC
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
Estimated*
Disposal Coatsft)
1586-13300
1851-2311
273^-3509 ..
9331
druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal
Boon
Cross linked polyaier
Not effective where ground cover is dense
Expanded mineral
Not inclnerable
Mat
Partlculate
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
(DCLP/p/2-19 Blower SXiploader R,W,S3
(2)Sorb»nt Clay/p/2-10 Blower Sklploador R,I,P
(2)Polypropyleno/p/2-l8 Blower SXiploader R.SS.DGC
(?)£x Mineral/p/2-11 Blower SXiploader R,I,W,P,DGC
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Blower SklploaJer R,W,P,DGC
(3)Polypropylene/n/2-l8 Throw SXiploader CGC.RT
LANDFILL
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi Pillow
R Not reusable
RT Mot effective where terrain is rugged
S3 Not for us a within environmentally sensitive sites
TC Treated clay/treated natural organic
TW Treated wood fiber
W Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SOHDEMT SELECTION AND USE GUICE
GUIDE NUMBER 5
CHEMICAL CLASSi Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Isoprene
For releases onto land, recosaended sorbent3 are I'.ated In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, for water,
under the Floating Spill Scenario, and, Cor landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent
prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Sorbent Prlorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Minual. Also,
for additional sorbent specl'ics turn to tha Sorbent Data Sli-i^t found on the page llstc-J In the prioritized sorbent
colusn. Pertinent logistical ir.forjiatlor., sucn ss application and collection nethodology. Is given In Section, 3 of the
Minual.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Tyoe/P^
(DCLP/p/2-19
(1)CLP/pl/2-!9
(2)Wood Flbc:vpl/2-l2
(2>TW Flber/pl/2-13
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Foa=ed Glajs/pl/2-15
PLOATT.NG SPILL
NOX- FLOWING - SMALL POTO
Prioritized
Sorbents/7ype/Pg
<1)CLP/pl/2-l9
(2)Polyurethane/o/2-l6
(3)TW Fiber/pl/2-13
( "OPolypropylene/a/2- 18
(5)Polyethylene/n/2-17
( )
FLOWING - SMALL CSEEK
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
( 1 )PolypropyI sne/b/2- 18
(2)Polyurethane/b/2-l6
(3>TW Fiber/b/2-13
( )
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(DEx Mi.neral/p/2-lt
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
( * )Polypropylenc/p/2- )8
(5)Foaaed Glaas/p/2-15
(6)CLP/p,'2-l9
• Cost Includes sorben'.,
Legend: b
CLP
DCC
Ex Mineral
I
m
P
P
App'.lcatlcn Collection Llaltatic:-.s
Shovel Shovel R.W.SS
Throw Pitchfork R.DC-C.RT
Throw Pitchfork H,P,DGC,RT
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
Shovel Shovel R.t.P
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT
Application Collection Limitations
Throw Spear R
Throw Spear
Throw Spear
Throw Spear
Throw Spear
Application Collection Llnltatlons
Hand Hand
Hand Hand
hand Hand
Estloated*
Disposal Ccsts(S)
11l)CL?/P/2-19 Blowar 3'xlploa Not for use. within envlronoentally sensitive sites
Not Inclnerable TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
Mat TW = Treated wood fiber
Tartlculate W = Effectiveness reduced when windy
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
-------
SORBEH7 SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
I
U»
00
GUIDE KUXEER 6
CHEMICAL CLASS: Allphatlcs, Halogenated*
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQDIU: Trlshloroethylene
For releases onto land, recoxsend-d sorbents are listed in prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for,
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltizatlon Information, see the Sorbent
Prioritlzatlon tables and accoapanylng text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional aorbent specifics t^rn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed in the prioritised sorbent coluan. Pertinent logistical Information, such
as application and collection nethodalogy, is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
S3.-ben;s/Type/Pg
(DCLH/p/2-16
(DCLP/pl/2-18
(2)Wood Flber/pl/2-18
(2)7W Fiber/p/2-13
(3)So.-bent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Foanjd Glass/pl/^-15
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorfcents/Type/Pg
(DEx Mineral/p/2-11
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Fiber/p/2-12
COPolyprcpylene/p/a-18
(5)CLP/p/2-19
;6)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
Application Collection
Shovel Snovel
Throw Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
Shovel Shovel
Throw Pitchfork
Estimated*
Disposal Ccsts(i)
177-1520
1516-12604
2051-2606 ..
3119-10277
3905
3930
Limitations
R.tf.SS
R.DSC.KT
R.P.DGC.RT
R,W,DGC
R.I.P
R,P,DGC,HT
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(DCLP/p/2-19
(2)CL?/pl/2-19
(3)Scrbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Polypropyler.e./p/2-l8
(3)Foaaed Glass/pl/2-15
(1)Ex Mineral/p//2-11
Application
Blower
Throw
Blower
Blower
Throw
Blower
Collactlon
Skiploader
Sklploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
SWploader
Skiploader
Llaitatlons
R,W,SS
R.DGC.RT
a,i,p2
W.SS.DGC
R.P.PSC.RT
R.I.W.P.DGC
* Chloroethane floats - the following sorbents are recox=ended for use when chloroethane is spilled into (1) a non-flowing water
body: CLP/pl, TW fiber/pi, or polyurel;hane/n and into (2) a flowing water body: polyurethane/b., polypropylene/b or TW flber/b.
Allyl cnlorlde floats - the following sorbonts are reco==ended for use when allyl chloride is spilled Into (1) a non-flowing
water body: <7LP/pl, TW fiber/pi, or polypropylene/a; and Into (2) a flowing water body: polypropylene/b, polyurethane/b, or
TW flber/b.
1 Cost includes sorbent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
b
CLP
DCC
Ex Mineral
I
m
P
t
Boom pi =
Cross linked polymer R =
Not effective where ground cover is dense RT =
Expanded mineral SS :
Not Incinerable TC =
Mat TW »
Partlculate W =
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Pillow
Not reusable
Mot effective where terrain is rugged
Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBEMT SELECTION AND USB GUIDE
GUIDE NK-3EB 7
CHEMICAL CLASS: Aaides, Antlidei and laities REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Octasethyl f -cphosphoraatde
IHSOFFICIENT DATA
I
Ui
-------
SORBS:iT SELECTION AIID USE GUIDE
GUIDE :."JT3£S 8
CHEMICAL CLASS: Amines, Allcyl*
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Trlethylaalne
For releases onto land, reco=a*nded sorbents are listed in prioritized order under the Landaplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional aorbent prloritlzatlon infortn-itlon, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlutlon tables and accompar.yir.g text in Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sortent specifies turn to
tha Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In th.n prioritised sorbent col'jan. Pertinent logistical infomatlcr, such
as application and collection r.ethod3lo;y, is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LANJSPIU. - SHALL
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prljrltiiad Prioritized
So.-ber.ts/Type/Pg
(1.)CLP/p/i-I9
(1)C'_P/?l/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3 Wood fiber/pl/2-12
(3)7W Flber/pl/2-13
(DFoaaeJ Glass/pl/2-15
LAMDPILL
Prioritized
Sc.-ientj/Type/Pj
(Dtx Hin»ral/p/2-1»
(2)Ssrbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wooa Flber/p/2-12
(1)Polyprspylene/p/2-l8
(5)Foaced Glass/p/2-15
C6)CLP/p/2-15
• Cost includes sorbent,
Legend: b s
CLP . =
DGC
Ex Mineral
1
m
P
P
Application Collection Limitations Sarbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
Shovel Snovel R,W,5S ( DCLP/p/2- 19 Blower Sklploader R,W,SS
Throw Pitchfork R.DGC.RT (2)CLP/pl/2-19 Threw Sklplsader R.CGC.R?
Shovel Shovel R,I,P (3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower SKiploader R,I,P
Threw Pitchfork R,P,CGC,RT (3)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blewap SkipVoaier W, 35, DGC
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT (1)£x Mlneral/p/2-1'4 Blower SXloloader R,I,U,P,D3C
Threw Pltchfark R,P,D2C,RT (DPolypropylene/a/2-18 Throw SKlploadcr DGC.RT
Estinat«d»
Disposal CostsCt)
1211-1595
1516-12601
2636-3170
2636-J318
3026
U86S
-------
SOBBEMT SELECTION AND USE GUIJE
GUIDE NUMBER 9
CHEMICAL CLASS: Aalnes, Aryl
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Pyrldin»
For releases onto land, recorscended sorbents ara listed In prioritized order unc?r the Lanisplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For idJltlonal sorte.it prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Sorbent
Prioritlzatlon tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorba.nt specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sc.-bent colunn. Pertlr.ent logistical Infor-matlcn, such
as application and collection nethotiology. Is given In Section 3 of the Manual. COTE: Sorbent priorltizatlon for tnls
guide is based on assessed ccnpatlcility and estimated sorptlon capacity data.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
Sort>ents/Type/Pg
(l)Wood Fi=er/pl/2-12
OScrbent Clay/p/2-10
(2)Foiaed Glass/pl/2-15
(3)Wood Flter/p/2-12
!3)IV rlber/pl/2-13
(1)Polypropylene/o/2-l8
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
( UEx Mir.eral/p/2-ltt
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood FJ.ter/p/2-12
COPolypropylene/p/2-18
(5)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(6)Dlatomlte/o/2-11
1 Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend: b =
CLP =
DGC •
Ex Mineral =
I =
O :
P =
P =
Application Collection Llnitatlona
Throw Pitchfork H.P.DGC.RT
Shovel Shovel R,I,P
Throw Pltch.'ork R.P.DGC.RT
Shovel Shovel R,tf,P,DGC
Throw Pitchfork DGC.KT-
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
Estimate*'
Disposal Cos-.s(t)
11 U7-1M56
^5<)6-•\}'^^^
1823-2271
2U15-7325
3132
69"i9
drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal
Boom
Cross linked polyrser
Hot effecti"e where ground cover is dense
Expanded mineral
Not incinerable
Mat
Partlculate
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
LAOTSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorfcer.t3/Ty?e/?g Application Collection Lisltations
(DSorber.t Clay/p/2-10 31ower Skiploader H,I,P
(1)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blcwer Sklploader W.SS.DGC
(2)Diato=ite/p/2-11 Blow-r Skiploader R,I,W,P'
(3)Ex Mlneral/p/2-lU Blow-jr Sklploacer R.I.W.P.DGC
(2)Mood Flter/p/2-12 Blowsr Sklploadsr H, W'.P, E3C
(2)Polypropylene/m/2-l8 Throw' Sklploader. DGC.RT
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi = Pillow
R r Not reusable
RT i Not effective where terrain is rugged
33 i Not for use within ehvironaentally sensitive sites
TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
TV = Treated wood flter
W = Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AHD USE GUIDE
GU7DE H-J»3ER 0
CHEMICAL CLASS: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Toluene
For releases onto land, recoonended sorbents are listed IT. prioritized o.-cv.-r under the Lar.dsplll Scenario, for water,
under the Floating Spill Scenario, and, for landfill applications, •ifiir '.ar.dr'.ll Scenario. Also, for additional sorbent
prlorltliatlon Infonatlon, see the Sorbent Prlorltlzatlon tables and a.cozpa'-yi.-.g text In Section 3 of the Kar.ual. Also,
for additional sorbent specifics turn to the Sorbent Data SM?et found on th.e page listed in the prioritized sorbent
column. Pertinent logistical Information, such as application and collcc-l.-i cetr.c^ology, is given in Soctlon 3 of the
Manual.
LATOSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
Sorber.ts/Tvpe/?s Application Collection Linltatlons
(1)Feathers/p:/2-20 Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
(2)CLP/p/2-19 Shovel Shovel R.W.SS
(2)CLP/pl/2-19 Throw Pitchfork R.DCC.RT
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Shovel Shovel R.I.P
(3)TC/p/2-3l Shovel Shovel B.I
(U)Wood Flber/pl/2-12 Throw Pitchfork R,P, DGC.RT
FLOATING SPILL
NON-FLOWING - SMALL POND
Prioritized
Sorber.:s/Type/?g Application Collection Limitations
(1)CL?/pl/2-19 Throw Spear R
(2)Feathe.-s/pl/2-20 Threw Spear
<2)TW Flber/pl/2-13 Throw Spear
(3)Polyurethane/n/2-l6 Throw Spear
COPolypropylene/3,'2-18 Throw Spear
(1)Polyethylene/m/2-17 Throw Spear
FLOWING - SMALL CREEK
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Linltatlons
(1)Polypropvlen»/b/2-l8 Hand Hand
(2)Polyurethane/b/2-l6 Hand Hand
(3>Feathers/b/2-20 Hand Hand
(M)TW Fiber/b/2-13 Hand Hand
LANDFILL
Prioritized Estimated*
Sorbents/Type/Pg Dlspossi Costs(J)
(UEx Mineral/p/2-11 1113-11448
(2>TC/p/2-21 11101-2655
(3)3orbent Ctay/p/2-10 1671-1 "435?
(t)Wood Flber/p/2-12 1927-?!'ii:3
(5)Polypropy1er.e/p/2-l8 2721-SU63
(6)Foan9d Gla33/p/2-15 3271
LANOSPILL - KF3ICH
PrlorUlzeJ
Sortcntj/7vce/rj Application Collection
(DCLP/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader
(2)TC/p/2-21 Blower SXlploadcr
(3)S.-irCint Ciay/p/2-10 Blower jkiploider
(3)Polypropylene/p/2- 18 Blower Sruth-r*/;l/r-20 Throw Sklploader
(U)Ex Mlneral/p/2-1U Blcwer Sklplsader
NON-FLCWIM3'- LARGE LAKE
Prioritized
Sorter.ts/Tvpe/P? Application Collection
(l)CLP/pl/2-19 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
(2)re3thers/pl/2-20 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
(3)TW Flber/pl/2-13 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
O)PolyproF>'lene/m/2-l8 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
(1)Polyurethane/n)/2-l6 Boat/Throw Boat '"^ear
{5)Polyethylene/a/2-17 Boat/Threw Soat/Spear
FLOWING - L-AR~E PIVE3
PrlortMiei
Scrbents/Typs/Pj Application Collection
<1)Polyproplenc/b/2-l3 Boat/Hand Boit/Wlnch
(2)Polyurethanc/b/2-l6 Boat/Hand Boat/Winch
(3)Feathers/b/2-20 Saot/Hand Boat/Winch
(»)TO Flber/b/2-13 Boat/Hand Boit/Vinch
Limitations
R/W/SS
R/I
R,I,P
W, S3, DGC
DCG.HT
R.I.W.P.DGC
t.lalt».tlor.s
a
Limitations
* Cost Includes sorbent, drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend i b i Boom pi = Pillow
CL? » Cross linked polyner R = Not reusable
DGC i Not effective where ground cover is dense RT = Not effectU-e where terrain Is rugged
Ex Mineral a Expanded mineral S3 •- Mot for use within environ-Dentally sensitive sites
I = Not inclner-.ble TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
m s Mat TW * Treated wood fiber
p t Partlculata W = Effectiveness reduced when windy
? = Effoctlveness reduced when rainy
-------
SELECTION AMD USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 11
CHEMICAL CLASS: Aromatlcs, Halegenated
RFPBESEHTATI7E BAZAflDOOS LIQOID: o-Dlchlorehenzena
FOP releases onto land, reco=end«d sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzation Information, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables and acccspanylng text in Sostlon 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet four.d on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent coluan. Pertinent logistical Information, such
as application ar.J collection zethodology. Is glv-n In Ssctlon 3 of the Manuil.
LANDSPILL - SMALL
LAKDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
So'rbents/'fype/Pg Application Collection Limitations
1 1 }CLP/p/2-'9 Shovel Shovel R,W,S3
(1>CLP/pl/2-19 Throw Pitchfork R.DCC.RT
(2)Wood Flber/pl/2-12 Throw Pitchfork H.P.DGC.RT
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Shovel Shovel R,I,?
(3)Foaned Glass/pl/2-15 Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT
O)TH Flt>er/pl/2-13 Throw Pl'.chf^rk 3CC.ST
LANDFILL
Prioritized Estimated*
Sorbents/Type/Pg Disposal Costs($)
(DEx Mlneral/p/2-1« 1220-1611
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 1513-12015
(3)«'ood Flber/p/2-12 1923-2117 .
(1)Polypropylene/p/2-18 2918-9277
(5)Foaoed Glas3/p/2,15 2655
(6)CLP/p/2-19 1237
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Llsltitlons
(UCLP/p/2-19 fliower Slclploader R,W,Sj
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Sklploeder R,I,P
(2)Polypropylene/p/2rl8 Blower Sklploader W, S3, DGC
(3>Ex Mlneral/p/2-11 Blower Sklpioader R,I,W,P,DGC
(3)Vood Flfcer/p/2-12 Blower Sklploader R,W,P,DGC
(3)Poly.'rcpylene/=/2-l8 Throw Sklploader DGC.RT
• Cost includes sorbent, drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legcr.'I: b i Boon pi = Pillow
CLP = Cross linked polymer
DGC = Not effective where ground cover Is dense
Ex Mineral = Expanded mineral
I : Not Inclncrable
0 : Mat
p = Partlculate
P * Effectiveness reduced when rainy
R = tlot reusable
RT = Not effective where terrain Is rugged
SS - Not fur use wltr.ln environmentally sensitive sites
TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
TV = Treated wood fiber
H - Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SOR3E:.'T SELECTION AMD USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 12
CHEMICAL CUASSs Basic Conpounds
RBPHESENTATI7E HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Acaonlum Hydroxide
For releases onto land, rejontiended sorbents are Hated In prioritized order under the Landspili Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent p.-lorltlzatlon inforaatlon, see the Sorbent
Prioritlzation tables and aecorapir/lng text in Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the pzge listed in the prioritized sorbent column. Pertinent logistical Information, such
as application and collection sethoiology, Is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LAKDSFILL - SMALL
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(OCLP/p/2-19
(1)CLP/pl/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(2)Foamed Glajs/pl/2-15
(3)Ex Mineral/p/2-IU
(lOFoaaed Glass/p/2-15
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(1>Ex Mineral/p/2-IU
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Foamed Glass/p/2-15
(1)CLP/p/2-19
* Cost includes sorbent,
Legends b a
CLP =
DGC i
Ex Mineral *
I -
m =
P =
P =
F
Application Collection Limitations £
Shovel Shovel R.W.SS (
Throw Pitchfork R,DGC,HT (
Shovel Shovel R,I,P (
Throw Pitchfork R,P,CGC,RT <
Shovel Shovel R,I,W,P,DGC (
Shovel Shovel a,W,P,DQC (
Estimated*
Disposal Costati)
1175-1518 .
1530-U3I5
2572
18781
druas, nixing, transportation, and disposal
Boom
Cross linked polyaer ,
Not effective where ground cover is dense
Expanded alneral
Not incineraolc
Mat
Partlc-Jlate
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
'rloritized
iorbents'Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
,1)CLP/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader R.W.SS
;2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader R,I,P
!3)Ex Mlnsral/p/2-114 Blower Skiploader R,I,W,P,DGC
:3)CL?/pl/2-19 Throw Skiploader R.DGC.HT
;«)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15 Blower Skiploader R,W,P,DGC
;t)Foamed- Glass/pl/2-15 Throw Skiploader h,P,DGC,RT
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi s Pillow
R s Not reusable
RT = Not effective where terrain Is rugged
SS = Not Tor use within environmentally sensitive sites
TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
TO = Treated wood fiber
W r Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SOS3ENT SELECTION AND 'USE GUIDE
I
«-
Ul
CHEMICAL CLASS: Cyanates and Isocyanatei
GUIDE NUI3ER _11
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Toluene Dllsocyanate
For releases onto land, recozsended so.-be.it3 are listed in prioritized order urder the Landsplll ScenarU, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltizatlon Inforcatlon, see the Sorbent
Priorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text Ir. Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sortent coluan. Pertinent logistical inforaaticn, such
as application and collection cethodolcgy, is given in Section 3 of the Mjnual.
LATOSPILL - SMALL
LANDSP1LL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(DCLP/p/2-19
(Wood Flber/p/2-12l
(1)CLP/pl/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(2)Foaaed Glass/pl/2-15
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(IJEx Mlneral/p/2-m
(2)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(3)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
("4)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(5)TW Flber/p/2-13
(6)CLP/p/2-19
• Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend: b
CLP
DGC
Ex Mineral
I
o
P
f
Application Collection
Shovel Shovel
Throa Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
EstlsateJ*
Disposal Costs(t)
1199-1569
1733-2212 .
2832-9128
3033
9951
16176
drios, nixing, transportat
Booa
Cross linked polymer
Not effective where ground
Expanded mineral
Not inclnerable
Mat
Particulate
Effectiveness reduced when
Limitations
P.W.SS
P.P.DGC.RT
R.DGC.RT
R.I.P
R,P,DQC,RT
F.W.P.DGC
Prioritized
Sortents/Type/Pg Application
(DCLP/P/2-19 Blower
(DCLP/pl/2-19 Throw
(2)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blower
(3)Ex Hlneral/p/2-lU Blower
(3)Mood Flber/p/2-1? Blower
(3)Polyprop>'lenc/m. 2-18 Throw
Ion, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals
cover is dense
pi = Pillow
R = Not reusable
Collection
Skiploader
Skiploajer
Sklplozder
Skiploader
Sklploaier
Sk^ploaier
Limitations
R,W,S3
R.DCC.RT
H,SS,O:C
R,I,W,P,DGC
R,W,P,DGC .
DGC,RT
. of hazardous liquid.
flT = Not effective wh<>re terrain is rugged
SS = Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
rainy
TW s Treated wood fiber
. . W ; s tffectiveness reduced when
windy.
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AND U3E GUIDE
GUIDE HUM3ER U
CHEMICAL CLASS: Cyanides and Nitrites
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQOID: Acetonltrlle
For releases onto land, recommended sorbents are listed in prlorltlzej order under the La.idsplll Scenario, for water,
under the Floating Spill Scenario, and, for landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent
prlorltlzatlon information, see the Sorbent Prlorltization tables and accompanying text ir. Section 9 of the Mar.ual. Also,
for additional sorbent specifics turn to the Sorber.t Data Sheet found or the page listed In the prioritized sorbent
coljcn. Pertinent logistical Information, such as application and collection eethodolosy, is given in S-iitlon 3 of the
Manual.
LAKDSPILL - SMALL
Prioritized
Sorbanta/Typo/Ps
(DCLP/pl/2-19
(DCLP/p/2-lS
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(2iFoased Glass/pl/2-15
(3)Wood Flber/pl/2-12
(3)TW Fiber/pl/2-13
FLOATING SPILL
N'0')-FLOWIKC - SHALL POND
Prioritized ~
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(1)CL?/pl/2-19
(2)TW Fiber/pl/2-13
(3) Polypropylene/0:/2-18
(1)Polyethylene/m/2-17
Application
Throw
Shovel
Shovel
Throw
Throw
Throw
Collection Limitations
Pitchfork
Shovel
Shovel
Pitchfork
Pitchfork
Pitchfork
R.DGC.HT
R.W.SS
R.I.P
R,P,D3C,HT
R.P.DGC.RT
DGC.RT
Application
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
Collection
Spear
Spear
Spsar
Spear
Linitatlor.s
R
LAHDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbepts, "yne/ Pj£
(DSorbunt Clay,v."1-'0
(2)CLP/p/2-l9
(3)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(1)Ex «ineral/p/2-m
(5)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(6)Di8tomite/p/?-11
HON-FLO«I?.Tt - LARGE LAKE
Prioritized ~"
SDrben'.a/Type/Pg
(DCLP/pl/2-19
42J7W FlSer/pl/2-13
(3i?olypropylen«/a/2-l8
(«)Polyethylene/m/2-17
Application
Blower
Blower
Mower
Blower
Blower
Blower
Collection
Sklploadcr
Skiploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
Limitations
R|W|SS
R,S3,DGC
R,I,V.',?,D3C
P.,W,P,DOC
R,I,W,P
Application
Eoat/Throw
Eoat/Throw
Eoat/Throw
Eoat/Throw
Collection
Ec.it/3pear
Boat/Spear
Boit/Spear
Boat/Spear
Limitations
R
FLOWIM3 - SMALL CREEK
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
TT)Polypropylene/b/2-l8
(2>TW Flber/b/2-13
FLOVINS - LARGE RIVES
Prioritized
Application Collection Limitations Sorbents/Type/Pg Application
Hand Hand (DPolypropylene/b/2-18 Boat/Hand
Hand Hand (2)TW Flber/b/2-13 Boat/Hand
Collection Limitations
Boat/Winch
Boat/Hiich
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(1)£x Mineral/p/2-1U
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(«)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(5)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(6)T«I Flbcr/p/2-13
Estimated*
Disposal Costs($)
1163-1191
152U12158
1830-2281
2193-7525
2732
9691
* Cost Includes sorbent, drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid
Legend;
b = Boom pi
CLP = Cross linked polymer R
DGC = Not effective where ground cover is dense RT
Ex Mineral s Expanded mineral S3
I s [lot inclnerable TC
n : Mat TV
p t Partlculate W
P » Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Pillow
Not reusable
Not effective where terrain is rugged
Not for usu within environnenti1 ly sensitive sites
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AN'D USE GUIDE
• GUIDt NUMBER 15
CHEMICAL CLASS: Esters and Ethers
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQ1ID: 1,1-Dioxar.^
For releases onto land, reco=aended sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, for water,
under the Floating Spill Scenario, and, for landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent
prlorltlzatlon Information, se» the Sorbent Prlorltizatlon tables and accompanying text in Section 9 of the Manual. Also,
for additional sorbent specifics turn to the Ssrbe.-i*. Data Sheet found on the paja listed in the prioritized sorbent
coluan. Pertinent logistical inforoation, such as application and collection =ethoc!olojy, is given in Section 3 of the
Manual.
1.ANDSPILL - SHALL
Prioritised
Sorb«.its/Type/Pg Application Collection L'altatlons
( t)7LP/p/2-19 Shovel Shovel H.W.SS
<1)CL?/pl/2-19 Throw Pitchfork R.DGC.HT
(2>Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 ShoveJ. Shovel H.l.P
(3>'«ood Fiber/p/2-12 Shovel Shovel R,W,P,DOC
(3)Wood Ftber/pl/2-12 Throw Pitchfork R.P.DCC.RT
(3>TV Flber/pl/2-13 Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
FLOATING SPILL
NON-FLOWING - SMALL POKD
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
< DTW riber/pl/2-13 Throw Spear
(1)CLP/?l/2-19 Throw Spear R
(2)Polyurethane/a/2-l6 Throw Spear
(3>Polyproplyene/m/2-l8 Throw Spear
d)Folyethylene/a/2-17 Throw Spear
( )
FLOWING . SMALL CREEK
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
{1)Polypropylene/b/2-l8 Hand Hand
(2)?olyurethane/b/2-16 Hand Hand
(3)TW fiber/b/2-13 Hand Hand
( )
LANDFILL
Prioritized Estimated*
Sorbents/Type/Pg Disposal Cost-.(t)
(1)Ex Hlneral/p/2-m I1i40-uur
(2)3orbent Clay/p/2-10 I561-1?rjp11
(3)»'ood Flber/p/2-12 17^2-i151
COPolypropylene/p/2-15 27P--8723
(S)roaned Class/p/2-15 29^7
(6)CLP/p/2-19 8379
• Coat includes sortent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal
Legend; b s Boc/o
CLP = Cross linked polyser
DGC = Not effective where ground cover Is dense
Ex Mineral = Expanded mineral
I : Not inclnerable
a • = Mat
p = Partlculate
' P i Effectiveness reduced whan rainy
LAM5SPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Tvp-:/?? Aspllcitlon Collection
(UCLP/p/2-19 Slower Skiploader
(2)CLP/pl/2-19 Throw JkipicaJer
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Slower Skiploacier
(3)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blower Sklploader
(1)Ex Mlneral/p/2-11 Blower Skiplnader
(ii)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Blower Skiploader
KON-FLOWIHG - LAR3E !.Ai:E
Prioritized
Sorbcnts/Type/Pg Application Collection
( !)CLP/pl/2-19 So.it/Throw Boat/Spear
(2)?olyursthane/a/2-l6 Eoat/Throw Siat/Spear
(3)W Flber/pl/2-13 Boat/Threw Dcat/Spear
(1)Poly?ropylene/=/2-l8 2cjt/Tnrow Eoat/Spear
i5)Polyethylene/n/2-17 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
( )
FLOWING - LARGE RIVER
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/?g Application Collection
(1)Polypropyler.e/b/2-19 Boat/Hand Boat/Winch
(2)Polyjrethane/b/2-17 Beat/Hand Boat/Winch
(3)TW Flber/b/2-13 Boat/Kand Boat/Winch
( )
Limitations
H.W.cS
H, DOC, SI
R.I.P
W.SS.EGC
R,I.W,P,DGC
R,V,P,DGC
Llnttatlons
R
Limitations
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi Pillow
R Not reusable
RT Hot effective where terrain is rugged
CS Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
TC Treated clay/treated natural organic
TW Treated wood Tiber
W = Effect lven»3s reduced when windy •
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
GUICE HUX3EH 16
I
*~
00
CHEMICAL CLASS: Ethers, Halogenated
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether
For releases onto land, recosaended sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltizatlon infonation, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text in Section 9 of the Manual. Also, far additional sortent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent coluan. Pertinent logistical information, such
as application and collection nethcz'ology, is given in Section 3 of the Manual. MOTE: Sorbent priori"lzatlon for this
guide is based on assessed coopatibllity and estimated sorptlon capacity data.
LANDSPIU, - SHALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(l)Sorbent Clay/p/2- 1 0
(2)Wood ! '.ber/p/2-12
(2)Wood Fiber/pl/2-12
(2)TW Fiber/pl/2-13
<3)Foaned Glass/pl/2-15
(4)Sx Mineral/p/2-11
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
( 1 )Ex Mine.-al / p/ 2- 1 1
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2- 10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(l)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(5)TV Fiber/p/2-13
(6)Dlatoo:lte/p/2-11
* Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend; b *
CLP s
DGC =
Ex Mineral =
I =
n =
P =
P =
Application Collection
Shovel Shovel
Shovel Shovel
Throw Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
Estimated*
Disposal CostsCS)
11 15- 1^51
1577-13111
1759-2176
2987
9992
10169
LAKDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Limitations Sorbents'Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
R.I.P
R,W,P,D(1C
R.P.CGC.RT
DGC.RT
R,P,DOC,RT
R,I,W,P,DGC
druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal
Boom
Cross linked polyner
Not effectlvs where ground
Expanded mineral
Hot Incinerable
Mat
ParticuUte
Effectiveness reduced when
cover Is dense
(DSorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader R
(2)Ex Mlr.eral/p/2-11 Blower Skiploader R
(2)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Blower Skiploader H
(3)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15 Blower Sklploa-ier R
(3)Foaa«d Glass/pl/2-15 Throw Skiploader R
(1)Dlatcolte/p/2-11 Blower Sklploader R
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous
pi Pillow
R Not reusable
RT Hot effective where terrain is rugged
• I.P
,I,W,P,DGC
,W,P,DGC
,P,DGC,RT
,P,DGC,RT
,I,W,P
liquid.
3S Hot for use within environmentally sensitive sites
rainy
TC Treated clay/treated natural organic
TW Treated wood fiber
U Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
I
*•
VO
GUIDE NUMBER 17
CHEMICAL CLASS: Hal Ides, Inorganic
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDODS LIQDIDi Phosphorus Trichloride
For release! onto land, reeoraended sorbents are Hated in prioritized order under the Lar.dsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon Info.-oatlon, see the Scrbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables and acccspanylng text In Section 9 of the Marual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized soruent colusn. Pertinent logistical information, such
as application and collection methodology, is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
LAHUSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Tvpe/Pg Application Collection Limitations
(OCLP/p/2-19 Shovei Shovel R.W.SS
(l)C!.p/pl/2-19 Throw Pitchfork R.DGC.P.T
(2)Wood Fiber/p/2-12 Shovel Shovel P.,W,P,DGC
<2)Wood Flber/pl/2-12 Throw Pitchfork R,P,C-3C,5T
(2)Polypropylene/m/2-l8 Throw Pitchfork CGC,«T
(2)Polyurethane/m/2-l6 Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
LANDFILL
Prioritized Estimated*
Sorbents/Typ.e/Pg Disposal CoatsO)
(l)Ex Mlneral/p/2 11«U_ll(«9
(2)Wood Flber/p/2 2139-2736
(3)Poiypropylene/p/2-l8 3351-11112
(!|)Foanied Glass/p/2 3636
(5)CLP/p/2 3765
( )
• Cost Includes sorbent, druns, mixing, transportation, and disposal
Legend; b = Boon
CLP * Cross linked polyaer
DGC = Not effective where ground cover is dense
Ex Mineral a Exoandee! mineral
I = Not Inc'.nerable
m = I'.at
p : Participate
P i Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Prioritized
Scrbents/Type/Fg Application Collection
(DCLP/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader
(2)CLP/pl/2-l9 Throw Sklploader
(3)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blower Sklplcadar
(f)Ex Hineral/p/2-1l( Blower Skiploader
(U)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Blower Sklploadcr
(U)P3lypropylene/n/2-l8 Throw Skiploader
Limitations
R.W.SS
R.DGC.RT
W.SS.DSC
R,I,V,P,DOC
R,W,P,DGC
DGC.RT
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
pi s Pillow
R r Not reusable
RT Not effeccive where terrain is rugged
SS Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
TC Treated clay/treated natural organic
TW Treated wood fiber
W Effectiveness reduce! when windy
-------
SOREEMT SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
CHEMICAL CLASS: Heavy Metals*
QUIDS SUMBSR 1J5
REFRESEVTmVE HAZ4RDOOS LIQOID: Lead Fluc^o.-ate (Aqueous Solution;
FOP releases onto land, reeo=ended sorbents are listed in prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon infornatlcn, sea the Sorbent
PrlorltlzaMon tables and acscspanylr.j text In Section ) of the Manual. Also, for additional aorte.-.t spj.-ifiis turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found en the page listed In the prioritized sorbent column. Pertinent logi.-tical inforaation, such
as application and collection cethodalogy, is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LAITCSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
Sorbent s/Type/Pg
(DWood fiber/ pl/2- 12
(DCLP/pl/2-19
(2JCLP/P/2-19
(3>Wood Flber/p/2-12
Application
Throw
Threw
Shovel
Shovel
Collection
Pitchfork
Pltshfark
Shovel
Shovel
Limitations
R,P,DGC,RT
R.DGC.RT
R.W.SS
R,W,P,DCC
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorber.ts.'Type/pg
(DCLP/p/2-19
(2)CL?/pl/2-19
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(l)Wocd Fiber/pl/2-12
Application
Slower
Throw
Blower
Throw
Collection
SXiploader
Siclploaier
SklploaJer
Skloloader.
Limitations
R,W,SS
R.DGC.RT
R.W.P.DGC
R,P,DGC,RT
I
ui
O
LANDFILL
Priorlt'.zed
Sor^er.ts/Type/Pj
TTWood fiOer/p/2-12
(2)".r p/2-!9
Estimated*
Disposal Costatt)
1592-1930
11555
:Io atsorbents have been identified that will sorb zercury.
r
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AHD USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 19
CHEMICAL CLASS: Hydrazlnes & Hydrazldos
REPRESENTATIVE HAZAHDOOS LIQUID: Methyl Hydrazine
For releases onto land, reccnnended sorber.ts are listed In prioritized order under the Landspl.ll Scenario, and, Tor
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon information, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorSent specifics burn to
the Sorb»nt Data Sheet found on the page ll.ited in the prioritized sorbent colucn. Pertinent logistical inforaatl.cn, such
as application and collection methodology, is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LASDSPILL - SMALL
Prioritized
Sorber.ts/Type/Pg
(IJCLP/p/2-19
(DCLP/pl/2-19
(Z)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Poly?ropyler.e/p/2-l8
(UlDlatomite/p/2-U
COPolypropyl-ne/ni/2-18
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(DSorbont Clay/p/2-10
(2)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(3>Ciatc3lf:/p/2-11
(1)CLP/p/2-19
Application
Shovel
Throw
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Throw
Collection
Shovel
Pitchfork
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Pitchfork
Lloltationa
B.y.ss
R.DGC.RT
R.I.P
W.SS.DOC
R,I,W,P
DGC.HT
Estlrcated*
Disposal
Costs($)
15911.134^3
2887-9118 .
10788
21902
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
TTTCLP/p/2-19
(2)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(3)Polypropylene/o/2-l8
(t)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(U )polyethylene/i/2-17
(5)3iatonite/p/2-11
Application
Blower
Blower
Throw
Blower
Throw
Blower
Collection
Sklploader
Sklploader
Sklploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
SUplcader
Llaitatlona
R.W.SS
W.SS.DGC
DGC.HT
R,I,P
DGC,?.-;
H,I,W,P
• Cost Includes sorbent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend: b = Boom pi
CLP = Cross linked polymer S
DGC s Hot effective where ground cover is denre RT
Ex Mineral s Expanded mineral S3
I f Not inclnerable TC
n = Mat TW
p = Partlculate U
P = Effectiveness reduc-d when rainy
3 PlllOU
= Mot reusable
= Not effective where terrain Is rugged
= Not for use within environaentally sensitive sites
= Treated clay/treated natural organic
» Treated wood fiber
- Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBitIT SELECTION AND USE GUIDE
CTOHCAL CLASS: Ketones
GUIOS NUMBER 20
REPRESENTATIVE HAZAHDODS LIQUID: Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
I.
tn
N>
Tar releases onto land, reccr-sended sorbents are listed In prioritized ciMer und.>r the Lar.dsplll Scenario, for water,
unier the Floating Spill Scenario, and, for landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For adililonal sorbent
prlorltlzatlon Infornatlon, see the Sorbent prlorltlzation tables and accompanying voxl ir Section 9 of t."".* Manual. Also,
for additional acrbent specifics turn to the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent
column. Pertinent logistical Information, such as application and collection methodology, is given In Section 3 of the
Manual.
LAHDSPILL - SMALL
Prioritized
Sor&ents/Tvpe/Pg^
(DCLP/p/2-19
(OCLP/pl/2-19
(2)5orbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Fiber/pl/2-12
<3)TW Flber/pl/2-13
(U)Foased Glass/pl/2-15
FLOATING SPILL
NOK-FLOWIKG - SMALL POJID
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Ps
(1)CLP/pl/2-19
(2)TW Flber/pl/2-13
( 3 ) Pol yure thane/3/2- 1 6
(1)Polyethylene/3/2-17
(5)Poly?ropylene/si/2-l8
FLOWING - 3*ALL CREEK
Prioritized
Sorbent s/Type/Pg
( 1 )Polypro?ylene/b/2- 18
(2)Polyurethane/b/2-l6
(3)TW Flber/b/2-13
LANDFILL
Prioritized
Sorber.ta/Type/Pg
(DEx Mlneral/p/2-11
(2)3orbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-10
(1)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(5)Foa=ed Glass/p/2-12
(6)CL:/f/2-19
• Cost Includes sorrent,
Legend; b s
CLP =
OGC =
Ex Mineral :
I =
a =
P
P r
Application Collection Limitations
Shovel Shov.-l R.W.SS
Throw Pitchfork R.DGC.RT
Shovel Shovel R.I.P
Throw Pltuhfork R,P,DGC,RT
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT
Application Collection Limitations
Throw Spear
Throw Spear
Throw • Spear
Throw Spear
Throw Spear
Application Collection Limitations
Hand Hand
Hand Hand
Hand Hand
Estimated*
Dlspcs.il Costs($)
1l67-1«'y9
1980-2502
3011-978*
3399
5695
LAKDSPli.L - MEEICH
Prioritized
Sorben'.s/Typc/Pg Application Collection
{ DCLP/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader
(2)CLP/pi/3-19 Throw Sklploader
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Sklploader
(3)Polypropylene/p/2-l3 Blower Sklplaader
(U)Ex Mineral/p/2-lU Blower Skiploader
(1)Polyprcpylene/s/I-l8 Throw Siclploader
KOK-FLOWIK3 - LAH3S LAKE
Prioritized
Sarbents/Type/Pg Application Collection
(DCLP/pl/2-19 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
(.?)TW FiS*r/,>l/2-13 Boat/Throw Boat/Spear
(3>Polyurethane/n/2-l6 Boat/Threw Boat/3pear
(1;"o1.y?r?pylene/m/2-l3 Boat/Throw 9ost/3pear
(5)rolyethyleno/o/2-17 Boat/Throw Eoat/Srear
FLOWING - LARGE RIVES
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application Collection
(DPolypropylene/b/2-18 Boat/Hand Boat/Winch
(2)Polyureth?.ne/b/2-t6 Boat/Hand Boat/Winch
(3)TW Flber/b/2-13 Boat/Hand Boat/Winch
Limitations
R,M,3S
R,OGC,RT
H.I.P _
R,I,W,P,DGC
DGC.RT
Limitations
Limitations
drums, nixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gal?, of hazardous liquid.
Boom pi - Pillow
Cross linked polyser R = Not reusable
Not effective where ground cover Is dense RT = Hot effective where terrain Is rujgcd
Expanded mineral • SS a Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
Hot Inclnerable TC s Treated clay 'treated natural organic
Kat TV = Treated wood fiber
Partlculate W » Effectiveness reduced when windy
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
-------
SOR3ENT SELECT[0:1 AND USE GUISE
cuirs Nuxsea 21
CHEMICAL CLASS: Nltro/Nltroso
REPRE3EHTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Nitrobenzene
For releases onto land, reeoraended sorbents are listed in prioritised order under the Landsplll Scir.arlo, for water,
under the floating Spill Scenario, and, for landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For addltlor.il sarbent
prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Sorbent Priorltlzatlcn tahles ar.Polyetnylene/a/2-17
t )
FLOWING - SMALL CR£iK
P.-iorUlzed
Sorbent s/Type/P5
(OPolypropylen«/b/2-l8
(2>TW Flber/b/2-13
L.1KUPILL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
( l)Ex Mlneral/p/2-1")
(2)3orbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
( M Polypropylene/ p/ 2- 18
(5)Foa»:ed Gla33/p/2-15
(6}TW Flber/p/2-13
• Co3t Includes sorbent,
Legend; b
"^ CLP
DGC
Ex Mineral
I
n
P
P
Application Collection Llaltatlons
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT
Shovel Shovel R,I,P
Throw P'.tchfo.-k R.P.SGC.HT
Shovel Shovel P.,W,?,DGC,RT
Throw Pitchfork CGC.HT
Shov.l Shovel W.SS.DGC
Application Collection Limitations
Throw Spear
Throw Spo-T
Throw Spear
Application Collection Ll=ltatlons
Hand Hand
Hand Hand
E3tlr.at«!!«
Disposal Costs(t)
1209-1591
176H-16U26
20^5-2597
3005-9633
3-29
10330
drums, mlxlr.g, transportation, and disposal
Boon
Cross linked polyner
Hot effective where ground cover Is dense
Expanded mineral
Not Inclnerable
Mat
Partlculata
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
LAJTOSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
So.-tents/Tvce/Pj Application Collectlor. Ll=lt3tlcr.s
(l)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Sklploiier R,I,P
( l)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 Blower Sklploader W,S3,CGC
(2!r.x M!n:i'./Tnroi. Doai/3pear
(2)Polypropylong/m/2-l8 Boat/Throw Boat/3p
-------
SOREEXT Sr.ECTIOH AMD USZ GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 22
CHDQCAL CLASSl Organophosphates
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQ3ID: Malathlon
I
Ul
For releases onto land, recocier.ded sorbents are listed in prioritized order unJer the Landsplll Scenario, and, for ;
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon information, see the Sorbent
Priorltlzatlon tables and accompanying text in Section 9 of the Manual. Alsc, for additional sarbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorfcent coluan. Pertinent logistical inforaation, such
as application and collection methodology, is given in Section 3 of the Manual.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
Prioritized
SorSer.t3/Typ?/Pg
(l)CL?/p/2-1V
(DCLP/pl/2-1?
(l)tfood Fiber, pl/2-12
(2)Fsaned 31as3/pl/2-15
(2)Sortent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
LANDFILL
Prioritized
^orbents/Type/Pg
())Ex Mineral/p/2-lll
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Uood Flber/p/2-12
Ci}Polypropylene/p/2-18
(5)roaaed Glass/p/2-15
(6)TW Flber/p/2-13
Application Collection
Shovel Shovel
T>rov Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
Shovel Shovel
Shovel Shovel
Estimated*
Limitations
R.W.3S
R.DGC.RT
R.P.DGC.RT
R.W.P.DOC
P.I.P
R,W,P,DGC
Disposal Cost3($)
LAND3PILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbgnt3/Type/P<;
nTcUF/p/2".19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(2)Polypropylene/p/2-l8
(3)Ex Mlneral/p/2-lU
(3)'«.'30d Flber/p/2-12
(3)Polyprcpylene/n/2-18
Application
Olower
Blower
Blower
Blower
Blower
Throw
Collection
Stclploader
Sklploader
Sklploader
SVclploader
Sklploader
S'Klploader
Limitations
R,W,SS
R.I.P
R.SS.DCC
R,I,W,F,OGC
R,W,P,DGC
DGC.RT
1260-1701
1571-13036
1956-2U67
3307-10878
38U1
10922
* Cost Includes sorbent, druaa, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1CCO gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend; b = Boom pi
CLP = Cross linked polymer R
DGC = Not effectiva where ground cover is dense RT
Ex Hineril x Expanded mineral SS
I 3 Not tncinerable TC
m = Mat TW
p i Partlculate W
P = Effectiveness reduced when rainy
Pillow
Mot reusable
Not effective where terrain is rugged
Hot for use within environmentally sensitive sites
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AJJD USE GUIDE
in
in
CHEMICAL CLASS: Oxides, AlVylene
GUIDE NUMBER 23
REFRESEHTATire HAZARDOOS LIQUID: Propylane Oxlda .
For release! onto land, recommended sorbents are listed In prioritized, order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. F^r additional sorbent prlorltliatlon Information, see the Sorbent
Prloritliatlon tables and accompanying >:ext In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent colum. Pertinent logistical Information, such
as application and collection methodology, Is given In Section 3 of th; Manual.
LANDSPILL - SMALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
lDCUP/p/2-19
(1)CLr/pl/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/pl/2-12
(3)TW Fiber/pl/2-13
C1)Foa=ed Glass/pl/2-15
LANDFILL
Prioritized •
Sorben'.s/Type/Ps
(1 )Ex nin-.nl/p/2-lM
(2)Sorbcnt Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wooi Flber/p/2-12
(1)?olypropylena/p/2-l8
(5)Foaned Gla--i--p/2-15
(6}CLP/p/2-19
Application Collection.
Shovel Shovel
Throw Pitchfork
Shovel Shovel
Throw Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Throw Pitchfork
Estimated*
Limitations
R,W,SS
R.DCC.RT
R,I,P
R,P,DGC,RT
DCC.RT
R.P.DGC.RT
Disposal Co3i.sU)
LANDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/P; Application
(lJCLP/p/2-19 Blower
<2)CLP/pl/2-19 Throw
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower
(3)Polyprcpyier.e/p/2-l8 Blower
COEx Mlneril/p/2-lU Slower
Ci)Polypropylene/n/2-l8 Throw
Collection Lloltatlons
Sklploader
Sklploader
S'
-------
SORBEHT SELECTION AN'D USE
CHEMICAL CLASS* Peroxides
GUIDE KUXBE3
REPRESENTATIVE IUZARDOOS LIQUID: alpha,alpna-Diaethylbenzylhydroperoxlde
For releases onto land, recosisended sorbents are listed in prioritized order unler the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlo-itlzation Infomatlon, see the Sorber.t
Prlorltiiatlon tables and r.ieoapanylng text In Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
tne Sorbent Data ShPet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorbent col'jnn. Pertinent logistical information, such
as application and collection methodology, la gl/en in Section 3 of the Mar.ual.
LiNDSPILL - SHALL
LANDSPILI. - MEDIUM
in
Prioritized
So'rbe'nts/Type/Pg Application Collection Limitations
( DCLP/P/2-19 Shovel Shovel R,W,JS
(l)Wood Flber/pl/2-12 Throw fitchfork R,P,D5C,RT
(1)CLP/pl/2-\9 Throw Pitchfork R.DGC.RT
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Shovel Shovel R,I,P
(2)Foamed Class/pl/2-15 Throw Pitchfork R,P,CGC,RT
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Shovel Shovel . R,U,P,DCC
L1HDFILL
Prioritized Estlnated'
Sorbents/Ty'pe/Pg Disposal Costs($)
(1)Ex Mineral/p/2-1« 1172-1510
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-IO 15CU-12911
(3)Wood Fiber/p/2-12 1613-20011
{"4)Polypropylene/p/2-l8 2825-8892
(5)Foaced Class/p/2-15 2963
(6)Dlatomlte/p/2-11 9385
Prioritized
Sorcents/T/pe/Pg Application Collecticn Llaltntlons
(DCLP/p/2-19 Blower Slclpliadcr R.W.SS
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Sklploader R,I,P
(2)Po'.ypropylene. p/2-18 Blower Sklploader W.SS.DCC
(?,)Ex Mlneral/p/2-IU Blower Sklplcader R,I,W,P,DGC
(3)Wcod Flber/p/2-12 Blower Sklploader H,W,?,DGC
(3)Polypro?ylene/a/2-18 Throw Sklploader DGC.RT
• Cost includes sorbent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend: b = Boom pi = Pillow
CLP = Cross linked polymer • R - Not reusable
DGC * Not effective where ground cover is dense RT = Hot effective where terrain Is rugged
Ex Mineral = Expanded mineral SS = Not for use within envlrcruuntally sensitive sites
I s Not inclnerable TC z Treated clay/treated natural organic
a * Hat TU s Treated wood fiber
p = Particulate U = Effectiveness reduced when windy
P s Effectiveness reduced when rainy
-------
SORBENT SE>.ECTIOM A.'ID USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 25
CHEMICAL CLASSJ phenols and Cresols
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Cresal
For release! onto land, reconaended sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Landsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional sorbent prlorltlzatlon Information, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzation tables and accompanying text In Section 9 of tr'e Manual. Also, for additional sorbent specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritize* scrbent column. Pertinent logistical Information, sush
as application and collection cethodology, Is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LAHDSPILL - SMALL
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
tl)CL?/p/2-19
(DCLP/pl/2-19
(l)Wood Flber/pl/2-12
(2)Foaaed Glass/pl/2-15
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
LANDFILL
Prioritized .
SorSent.i/Type/Pg
(1)Ex Mineral/p/2-11
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Fiber'p/2-12
(f)?olypropylene/p/2-18
(5)Foaaed Glass/p/2-15
(6)CLP/p/2-19
Application
Shovel
Throw
Throw
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Collection
Shovel
Pitchfork
Pitchfork
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Llsltatlons
R,W,SS
R.C3C.RT
R,P,DGC,RT
R,«,P,D3C
R.I.P
R,W,P,DGC
LAHDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prto.-ltlied
Sorbents/Type/Pg Application
(1")CL?/p/2-19 Blower
(2)CLP/pl/2-»9 Throw
(3)Polypro?ylene/p/2-l8 Blower
(3)Sor6ent Clay/p/2-10 Blower
(M)Wood flber/p/2-12 Blower
(«)£x Mlneral/p/2-11 Blower
Collection Llnltatlons
Skiploader
Skiploader
Skiploader
Sklplcader
Skiploader
Skiploader
R,W,S3
S.CCC.HT
R.SS.CGC
R.I.P
R,U,P,DGC
R,I,W,P,DGC
Estlaated*
Disposal CostsCS)
1166-1U93
1159. noso
16H3-200"(
2689-3331
3050
651U
• Cost Includes sorbent, druas, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1COC gals, of hazardous liquid.
Legend; b * Dooa pi
CLP = Cross linked polymer H
DGC = Not effective where ground cover is dense BT
Ex Mineral = Expanded mineral SS
I s Not Inclnerable TC
m = Mat TW
p = Partlculate W
P c Effectiveness reduced wh«n rainy
Pillow
Nat reusable
Not effective where terrain Is rugged
Hot for use within environmentally sensitive sites
Treated clay/treated natural organic
Treated wood fiber
Effectiveness reduced when windy ;
-------
SORBENT SELECTION A!iD USE GUIDE
I
m
00
GUIDE NUMBER 26
CHEMICAL CLASS: Sulfates and Sulfltes
REPRESENTATIVE HAZAHDOOS LIQUID: Dimethyl Sulfate
Fop releases onto land, r
P
P
Prioritized
Application Collection Limitations So.-benta/Type/Pg Apallcatlon Collection Limitations
Snovel Shovel R,W,SS ( 1 )CLP/p/2--!9 Blower Sklploader R,W,SS
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT (2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader S,I,P
Throw Pitchfork DGC.RT (2)Polypropylene/p/2-i8 Blower Sklploader R, S3, DGC
Throw Pitchfork H.OGC.RT (3)Ex Mlneral/p/2-IU Blower Sklploader F,I,W,P,DGC
Shovel Shovel R,I,P (3)Wood Flber/p/2-12 Blower Sklploader R,W,P,DGC
Thrown Pitchfork R,P,DGC,RT (3)Polypropylene/n/2-l8 Throw Sklploader DGC.RT
Estimated1
Disposal Cosls(t)
1187-15«2
1627-1'<025
2099-2677
2965-9«71
3tt7
9116
drums, mixing, transportation, and disposal associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous liquid.
Boom pl = Pillow
Cross linked polymer R - Not reusable
Not effective where ground cove* Is dense RT = Not effective where terrain Is rugged
Expanded mineral SS = Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
Hot Inclnerable TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
Mat TW = Treated wood fiber
Partlculate W = Effectiveness reduced when windy
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
-------
SORBENT SELECTION AMD USE GUIDE
GUIDE NUMBER 27
Ln
vo
CHEMICAL CLASS: Sulfides and Hercaptans
REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID: Carbon Bisulfide
For release! onto land, recooaended sorbents are listed In prioritized order under the Lsndsplll Scenario, and, for
landfill applications, under Landfill Scenario. For additional scrher.t prloritliation Information, see the Sorbent
Prlorltlzatlon tables on and accoopanylng text In.Section 9 of the Manual. Also, for additional sortont specifics turn to
the Sorbent Data Sheet found on the page listed In the prioritized sorfcent colunn. Pertinent logistical Inforoatlon, such
a? application and collection nethodolosy, Is given In Section 3 of the Manual.
LANDSPILL - SHALL
LAHDSPILL - MEDIUM
Prioritized
Sorbents/Type/Pg
lDCLP/p/2-19
(1)CL?/pl/2-19
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
(3)Wood Fiber/pl/2-12
(3)Polypropylfine/m/2-l8
LANDFILL
P.-lorltlzed
Sorbents/Type/Pg
(l)Ex Mlneral/p/2-11
(2)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10
(3)Wood Flber/p/2-12
( "i )Polypropylene/p/2- 18
(5)Foamed Gl^ss/p/2-15
(6)CLP/p/2-19
* Cost Includes sorbent,
Legend: b
CLP
DGC
Ex Mineral
T
ra
P -• '
? ' ' '
Prioritized
Application Collection Llaltatlons Sorbents/Ty?e/Pg Application Collection Limitations
Shovel Shovel K,W,SS
Throw Pitchfork R,DGC,RT
Shovel Shovel R,I,P
Shovel Shovel R,W,P,DGC
Throw Pitchfork R,P,DOC,RT
Throw Pitchfork V, S3, DGC
Estlnated'
Disposal Costs(»)
1)92-1553
1588-13333
1778-220U
2739-85UO
3108
U069
drums, nixing, transportation, and disposal
Boon
Cross linked polymer
Not effective where ground cover is dense
Expanded mineral
Hot Inclnerable
Mat
Partlculate :
Effectiveness reduced when rainy
U)CLP/p/2-19 Blower Skiploader R
(2)CLP/pl/2-i9 Throw Sklploader R
(3)Sorbent Clay/p/2-10 Blower Skiploader R
(3)Polypro?ylene/p/2-lB Blower Skiploader W
(tt)Ex Mine.-al/p/2-11 Blower Skiploader R
(H)Vood Flber/p/2-12 Blower Skiploader R
associated with landfill of 1000 gals, of hazardous
pi = Pillow
R r Not reusable
RT = Not effective where terrain Is ruegel
,W,SS
,DGC,RT
fl.P
, S3, DGC
,I,W,P,DOC
,W,P,DGC
liquid.
SS s Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
TC = Treated clay/treated natural organic
Til - Treated wood fiber . .
W z Effectiveness reduced when windy
-------
SECTION 2 - SORBENT DATA
This section of the Manual contains the Sorbent Data Sheets, an index for
the Sorbent Data Sheets/ sorption capacity data and hazardous liquid/water
preference indices. Sorbents are classified into 12 major generic classes:
1. Sorbent Clay (EC) 7. Polyurethane (PU)
2. Diatomite (D) 8. Polyethylene (PE)
3. Wood Fiber (WF) .9. Polypropylene (PP)
4. Treated Wood Fiber (TWF) 10. Cross-linked Polymer (CLP)
5. Expanded Mineral (EM) 11. Feathers (F)
6. Foamed Glass (FG) 12. Treated Clay/Treated Natural Organic (TC)
Sorbents were grouped into the 12 generic classes according to their chemical
compositions. For example, all i-orbents derived from cellulose were placed in
the "Wood Fiber" generic sorbent class, while sorcients derived from cellulose
treated to render it hydrophotaic were placed in the "Treated Wood Fiber"
generic class. Each sorbent class is addressed in a Sorbent Data Sheet; the
Sheets appear on pages 2-10 through 2-21. Each data sheet lists the generic
sorbent class, the commercial trade-names, the • manufacturers! names,
addresses, and phone numbers, and data on the types of available sorbents,
their cost, bulk density and storage requirements. The sorbent types
generally available include: participate, pillows, pads, mats and booms.
(These descriptors are consistently used in the Manual although others, such
as powder, granular, sheets, and blankets, have been used by other
investigators to describe the same sorbent types.) A pillow sorbent typically
contains particulate sorbent within -\n outer bag. Pad and mat sorbents are
generally produced in a flat configuration of unitary sorbent material, with
the mat being larger in size than the pad. Sheet and blanket sorbents are
even larger forms of pad and mat sorbents.
Other information concerning limitations on the use of a generic sorbent
for landspills and floating spills (into both non-flowing and flowing water
bodies), as applicable, is presented. The limitations include: (1) not
effective where ground cover is dense, (2) not incinerable, (3) effectiveness
reduced when rainy, (4) not reusable, (5) not effective where terrain is
rugged, (6) not for use within environmentally sensitive sites, and (7)
effectiveness reduced when windy. (For additional information, see ejection
9.) Hazards relative to gross incompatibilities, health and safety, and
environmental concerns are also delineated and the sorbent density (no voids)
is given.
Because a large number of individual sorbents are marketed and not all.
could be tested, the sorbents were grouped into classes from which single
2-1
-------
sorbents, representative'of the others in their classes, were chosen for
testing. The criteria used for choosing the sorbent representative of a given
generic class included: 1) particle size distribution that qualitatively
reflected the average of the other member sorbents» and 2) possession of a
general form or structure similar to most other members of its class. To a
lesser extent, sorbent selection was influenced by availability of sufficient
sorbent for testing. The rationale for grouping sorbents in the same generic
class is that they can be expected to behave similarly in terms of
compatibility with, and sorption capacity for, a given hazardous liquid
insofar as they are chemically similar. The surface free energy of a sorbent
material (see Section 8) is related to the chemical nature of the solid and is
an important factor, although not the only one (pore size and surface area are
also included) in influencing sorption capacity. Thus with respect to a
specific hazardous liquid, sorption capacities of sorbents within a generic
class are expected to be more similar than those of sorbents of different
generic classes.
Sorption capacity data for the representative sorbent/hazardous liquid
pairs and water are given in Table 2-1. The sorption capacity values are
reported in grams of liquid sorbed per gram of sorbent. To convert sorption
capacity in units of grams of liquid per gram of sorbent (or weight per unit
weight) to pounds of liquid per cubic foot of sorbent, apply the formula (1):
Sorption Capacity = Sorption Capacity x Sorbent Bulk Density
(_ Ib liquid \ /g liquid \ / Ib \ (1)
I cu.ft. sorbentJ ' ' ' ' ' " '
J\JL tJU.j.i/11 v^djjai^j. uy A *j*Jtmrin- OUAA. i
/g liquid \ / Ib \
\g sorbtntj ' ^cu.ft.J
For some applications, sorption capacity in pounds of liquid per cubic foot of
sorbent may be useful (see Section 5).
Included in Table 2-1 are all available laboratory, literature, and
estimated (as described below) sorption capacity data, appropriately indicated
as such in the table. If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair is either known
frcr.i accepted chemical principles or from observations in the laboratory to be
incompatible, this is indicated by an "I". If the sorbent is not wetted by
the hazardous liquid, this is indicated by "NW". An observed
sorbent/hazardous liquid incompatibility (from project laboratory tests) was-
indicated by deterioration, degradation, or disintegration of the sorbent, or
by bubbling or gas formation beyond initial outgassing. The laboratory values
were determined experimentally in accordance with the test protocol described
in Section 5 of the Manual. The literature sources of the data enclosed in
square brackets ([ ]) in Table 2-1 are as follows: SC-Toluene: R.E. Temple,
W.T. Gooding, P.F.Woemer, and G.F. Bennett, "A New Universal Sorbent for
Hazardous Spills" in the Proceedings of the 1978 National Conference on
Control of Hazardous Material Spills; FG-Nitric acid, FG-Triethylamine,
FG-Toluene, FG-Toluene diisocyanate, FG-Phosphorus trichloride, FG-Carbon
disulfide: Diamond Shamrock Technical Bulletin SP-LDS-4F; F-Tolueno: Sea
Clean product literature; TC-Toluene: Radecca product literature.
The estimated values, for Guide Nos. 9, 16, and 23, were based on
2-2
-------
TABLE 2-1. SORPTION CAPACITIES OF REPRESENTATIVE SORBENT/HAZARDOUS LIQUID PAIRS
N>
Class !la. H*firdous Liquid
Acidic coepoun'is,
Inorganic 1 H'.trlc a:U
Acidic c-vnpounds.
organic 2 Acrylic acid
Alcohols ft
glycols 3 Ulyl J'.cchol
Aldehydes » Furfural
Aliphatic
Allphattcs,
halogenated 6 - TrlchloroetJ-.yler.e
Aaldes, anllldes,
1 Isldes 7
Aolnes, ilkyl 8 Trlethx'.ailne
Azlr.es, aryl 9 Pyrlalne
Arciatla
hydrocarbons 10 Toluene
Arocatlcs,
Basic
eoopouMs 12 Az=or.lu: hyd.-oxUa
Cyanates ft
Cyanides ft
nltrlles It Ace'.o.-.lirUe
Esters ft
ethers 15 1,"-Bloiar.e
Ethers, 2-CMarcethy'.
halogenated 16 vinyl ether
HalHes.
•"EMSP.IC 303BF.NT C'.«;3
SC D
t I
1.J I.U
1.0 1.2
1.2 1.7
1.5 i.5
SD NO
0.3 1.0
(1) (2)
[0.8] 2.1
* c 71
1 O * • j
1.0 I
j j
0.9 1.1
1.1 1.!l
.(1.1) (l.»)
Inorsanle 17 Phosphorus trlchlc.-'.de I I
Hydrazlnes ft
hydrazldes 19 Methyl nydrazlno
O.I) 1.1
Ketones 20 Methyl Iscb-jtyl ke'.one 1.0 1.2
Nl-.ro/nltroso
compounds 21 Nitrobenzene
Organopnosphates 22 Malathlon
Oxides, alkytene 23 Prcpyler.e oxide
Peroxides 21 alphi.alpha-Dlsethyl-
benzylr.ydroperoxlde
Phenols ft cresols 25 Cresol
Sulfites ft
suirites 26 Dlcethyl sulfate
Sulfldes ft
cifrcaptans 27 Carbon dlauVflde
Water
(1) (1)
1.3 1.5
0.8 1.1
1.1 1.5
1.3 1.5
1.3 2.0
1.3 2.0
1.0 1.1
• The reported sorptlon capacity data are given In grains of
In the laboratory except as notes:
( ) < estimated value
LEGEND:
CLP « Cross-Linked Polyser !tt
D t Dlatoxlte PC
EX = Expanded Mineral PP
F * Feathers PU
FO a Foaaed Class SC
I t Incoapatlble TC
110 > No Data TWF
Non-Wet 1 1 r.g
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
PolyuretJ-.-ane
Sorbent Cliy
wr
I
2.0
1 .1
2.3
r.'i
to
0.5
(2)
1.5
2 6
I
2.6
1.6
2.3
(2.3)
2 1
I
I.U
(2)
2.2
l.li
2,5
2.6
2.1
2.7
3.3
haz.
Treated Cl.iy/Treated
TV?
I
2.0
1.7
1.7
i.i
S3
1.3
(2)
1."
2 0
I
2.1
i.a
1.8
(1.8)
I
I
1.3
(SI
1.9
1.1
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.9
1.0
EM
7.1
1.8
u.O
5."
'6.7
S3
3.0
(5)
M.S
55
> C
U.I
5«2
3.B
5.1
(5. 3)
8.1
t
3.8
(5)
U.1
3.8
u.8
U. 9
5.9
5.5
5.5
•lous liquid per
rlitur.il
Organl
FO
{ 15.2]
11.6
9.3
11.5
12.1
ND
C 8.6]
(11)
C 9.2)
1K8
13.3
r mi
i •"* i
10.5
12.6
(12.6)
[ia.«]
I
6.7
(12)
10.5
8.9
12.5
12.0
13.1
[12.61
12.9
gram of
c
HI
t
I
12.3
18.1
20. H
T!D
8.7
(13)
12.6
19.2
KV
1C 1
'3.5
sw
•U.9
I
13.8
ffJ
I
9.0
(11)
12.6
12. 1
25.1
I
15.5
114.1)
2.4
sorb
PS
1
13.0
12.0
12.8
25.6
SD
12.2
(21)
17.6
'
:n>
21.0
10.0
13.6
I
26_,3
irw
9.5
10.7
(13)
16.8
12.2
15.8
17.2
1U. 6
13.1
1.1
er.t and
?t
TO
9.0
7.9
11.0
6 5
11.3
;13
7.1
(11)
8.3
11.2
XW
10.7
8.6
9.5
I
11.1
NW
7.7
6.5
(10)
8.9
7-9
9.3
10.0
11.2
11.9
0.1
were a
C-P
I
5.9
3.3
9.3
'6.'
35.9
N3
1J.O
:;o
13.3
23.6
3-8
5. 3
2.7
10.5
1
ui. 6
10.5
3.2
1J.7
S3
7.3
11. «
3-9
13-9
S.2
30.2
2.5
ensured
F
HD
I:D
M3
ND
11 D
HD
-ID
ND
NO
C6.1)
ND
MB
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
HD
ND
KD
S3
ND
:ID
1ID
ND
ND
ND
ND
TC
513
SD
KS
KD
ND
)!D
BO
I!D
KD
[21.6]
HD
I!D
ND
l.D
ND
XD-
•JO
ND
KD
S3
HD
ND
HD
HD
ND
ND
NO
ND
experimentally
Treat*1! 'Jiod Fiber
-------
extrapolations from the experimentally derived data obtained on the same
sorbents with other representative hazardous liquids exhibiting relatively
similar physical properties. The salient physical properties cf the
representative hazardous liquid for Guide No. 9, pyridine, and for Guide
No. 16/ 2-choroethyl vinyl ether, were determined to be most similar/ among
the liquids tested, to those of 1,4-dioxane (see Table 8-1). The
experimentally measured sorption capacities of 1/4-dioxane with the various
sorbents tested were then adjusted for the difference between the specific
gravity of 1,4-dioxane and the specific gravities of each of the two liquids,
and the resultant estimated sorption capacities were entered into Table 2-1.
Likewise for Guide No. 23, the representative hazardous liquid, nitrobenzene,
possesses physical properties most similar to those of dimethyl sulfate and
again the resultant estimated sorption capacities were entered into Table 2-1.
(Insufficient physical property data were available for estinating sorption
capacities for Guide No. 7.) Care was used in extrapolating in this manner to
avoid those hazardous liquids significantly different in physical properties
from the hazardous liquid for which t1^? esti/ete was prepared. Nevertheless,
caution should be excercised by the user in relying totally on judgments based
on estimated sorption capacity data. Although the estimated values appear
reasonable, they have not been verified experimentally. The Sorbent Selection
and Use Guides that rely on assessed compatibility and estimated sorption
capacity 'data are duly noted in the guides.
Hazardous liquid/water preference index data are given in Table 2-2. The
hazardous liquid/water preference values reported are the ratio of the
sorption capacity of a sorbent with a hazardous liquid to that of the same
sorbent with water and, as such, are unitless. The preference index is not
measured directly on a hazardous liquid/water system. The preference index
provides an indication of a sorbent1s performance in a waterspill scenario.
The higher the hazardous liquid/water preference index, the greater the
hydrophobic quality of the sorbent and the greater the likelihood that it will
preferentially sorb free or undissolved hazardous liquid instead of water from
an aqueous medium. The reader should also refer to Floating Spills ^
Hydrophobicity in Section 9 of the Manual for additional information. (Note:
Table 2-2 does not contain hazardous liquid/water preference index data on
feathers and treated clay/treated natural organic sorbent because sorption
capacity data with water for the two generic sorbents were not available for
calculating the preference index.)
Table 2-3 is an index of sorbent manufacturers/ trade names, and generic
sorbent categories and is provided to assist the user in locating Sorbent Data
Sheets of interest. The index immediately precedes the Sorbent Data Sheets.
2-4
-------
TABLE 2-2. REPRESENTATIVE HAZARDOUS LIQUID/WATER PREFERENCE INDICES
Cht&lcal Guide
Class KO.
Acidic cespaur.ds,
Inorganic t
Acidic cocpounds,
orear.lc ?
Alcohols ft
elycola 3
Aldehydes *
Aliphatic
Aliphatic*,
• halcgenated 6
Acides, ar.illdes.
t l=:dei 7
Atlne*. alkyl 8
A=lr.es, aryl 9
AYoxatlc
Hydrocarbons 10
Arccatica,
r.al ciena ted 11
E"c-pognds 12
Cyanites ft
Cyarjdes I
Mtriies 11
Esters t
ethers . 15
Ethers,
halogenated 16
Helices,
inereanic 17
Heavy retals 18
Hydrttlr.es 4
hydrazldes 19
Ketones 23
Nltro/r.ltroto
cozpour.ds 21
Crganopho^phates 22
Oxides,
ali 0
113.0
71.0
(110.0)
fcj.o
tir.o
aa
107 0
Hf.
.0
-.0
ta
111.0
aa
77.0
65.0
(103.0)
89.0
79-0
93-0
100.0
112.0
119.0
rured experimentally
CLP
aa
2.1
1.3
1 .7
6*
o
11.8
5.6
• a
7.3
11.8
1.5
1.1
1.2
aa
16.6
1.2
1-3
5.1
aa
2.9
1.6
1.6
5.6
2.1
12. 1
in the
[ J < literature value
•• B Preferer.ee Ir.dfK Cstt tre not reported for those r.orbenl/h^rardous li
Incrzpatible cr r.or.-wettlng. or for vhich no tfatt exist (see Tatle
LESCKCl
CLP • Cross-'.ir.VeJ Po!yr.er fP .- Polyprorylene
0 « Clttorlte PS « PolycrelhEr.e
IK a r«;ir.£ce Klr.er»l SC . Sorter.t Clay
PS » Foamed Class . TVP « Treated Vc,od Fiber
PE a Polyethylene VT « Wood Fiber
-JlC pairs dcterrlned to
El).
Reproduced trom'
best available copy.
-------
Table 2-3. Sorbent Data Sheet Index
Manufacturer, Trade Name
or Generic Sorbent Category
Generic
Sorbent Category
Sorbent Data
Sheet Page
3M Corporation
3M Oil Sorbent
Absorbs-It
American Vermiculite Corp.
Anderson's Cob Division
Andesite of California, Inc.
ARG-Dri
ARC—Dri Sorbent
Bregoil Sponge
BREG-O-S, Inc.
Clark-Cutler-McDermott Co.
Clay
Clean Dri
Clean Up 1
Clean Viater, Inc.
Conwed Corporation
Conwed Corporation
Conwed D-Sorbent
Conwed Standard Sorbent
Corn Cobs
Cross-Linked Polymer
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
Diatomite
EMCO, Inc.
Enviropoly
Envirosorb Co.
Excel Mineral Co.
Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Sorbent Clay
Expanded Mineral
Wood Fiber
Sorbent Clay
Foamed Glass
Polypropylene
Treated Wood Fiber
Treated Wood Fiber
Polypropylene
Sorbent Clay
Sorbent Clay
Sorbent Clay
Treated Expanded Mineral/
Treated Wood Fiber
Polyethylene
Treated Wood Fiber
Polyethylene
Treated Wood Fiber
Wood Fiber
Foamed Glass
Cross-Linked Polymer
Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Sorbent Clay
2-18
2-18
2-10
2-14
2-12
2-10
2-15
2-18
2-13
2-13
2-18
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-22
2-17
2-13
2-17
2-13
2-12
2-19
2-15
2-11
2-19
2-18
2-18
2-10
2-6
-------
Table 2-3. (continued)
Manufacturer/ Trade Name
or Generic Sorbent Category
Generic
Sorbent Category
Sorbent Data
Sheet Page
Expanded Mineral
F-12 Fuel Pads
Feathers
Filter-Media Co.
Foamed Glass
Friction
Geotech Development Corp.
Glass
Graboil
HAZORB
High Absorbent Compound
Imbiber Beads
JV Manufacturing Co., Inc.
JV Manufacturing Co., Inc.
Kitty Litter
Klensorb
LITE-R-COBS
Locksorb
Lowe's Inc.
Lowe's Safety Absorbent
Micafil
Oil Dry Corp.
Oil Pry Corp.
Palabora Vermiculite
Perlite
Polypropylene
Expanded Mineral
Sorbent Clay
Wood Fiber
Foamed Glass
Polyurethane
Foamed Glass
Wood Fiber
Cross-Linked Polymer
Foamed Glass
Polypropylene
Sorbent Clay
Treated Clay/Treated
Natural Organic
Wood Fiber
Treated Clay/Treated
Natural Organic
Sorbent Clay
Sorbent Clay
Expanded Mineral
Diatomite
Sorbent Clay
Expanded Mineral
Expanded Mineral
2-14
2-18
2-20
2-14
2-15
2-10
2-12
2-15
2-16
2-15
2-12
2-19
2-15
2-18
2-10
2-21
2-12
2-21
2-10
2-10
2-14
2-11
2-10
2-14
2-14
2-7
-------
Table 2-3. (continued)
Manufacturer, Trade Name
or Generic Sorbent Category
Per lite King
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polyurethane
Radecca/ Inc.
R.B.H. Cybernetics Ltd.
Safestep
Sawdust
Sea Clean/ Inc.
Sea Clean Oil Sorbent
SLIKWIK
SND-C
SND-M
SND-O
Sorbent Clay
Sorbent Products Co. > Inc.
Sorbent Sciences
Sorbent Sciences
SPC Oil Sorbent
SS
Swimming Pool
Filtration Media
Generic
.Sorbent Category
Expanded Mineral
•
-
-
Treated Clay/Treated
Natural Organic
Polyurethane
Sorbent Clay
Wood Fiber
Feathers
Feathers
Wood Fiber
Sorbent Clay
Sorbent Clay
Diatomite
-
Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Polyurethane
Polypropylene
Polyurethane
Diatomite
Sorbent Data
Sheet Page
2-14
2-17
2-18
2-16
2-21
2-16
2-10
2-12
2-20
2-20
2-12
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-10
2-13
2-18
2-16
2-16
2-16
2-11
2-8
-------
Table 2-3. (continued)
Manufacturer/ Trade Name Generic Sorbent Data
or Generic Sorbent Category Sorbent Category Sheet Page
Treated Clay/Treated
Natural Organic - 2-21
Treated Wood Fiber - 2-13
Vermiculite Expanded Mineral 2-14
Waverly Sorbent Clay 2-10
Waverly Mineral Products Co. Sorbent Clay 2-10
Wood Fiber - 2-12
2-9
-------
S080EHT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CL1S3: Sorbent Clay
SHC-H
o Oil Dry Corporation
Chicago, IL 3<2-321-1515
o Coat: Paniculate . $0.05/lb
o Sulk Density: 39-36 lb/f.3
o Store: Ory
Clean Drt, Quick Sorb, Absorbs-It
Clean Ug ±
o Excel-Mlneral CD.
Coleta, CA 805-633-532'
o Cost: Partlculate - J0.12/lb
o Bulk Density: 34-33 Ib/ft3
o Storei Dry
Safestep, Friction
o Andeslte of California, Inc
o Cost: Paniculate - »O.U>/lb
o Bulk Density: 37 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
Lowe'3 Safety Absorbent
o Lowe's, Inc.
South Ben, In 219-23"-3l91
o Cost: Paniculate »O.OU/lt>
o Sulk Density: 12 lb/rtl
o Store: Dry
Waver'./
o Vlaverly (Uneral Products Co.
3al» Cyr.wyd, PA 215-668-2308
o Cost: Partlculate - »1.50/lb
o Bulk Density: 3C-UO Ib/ft3
o Store: Dr;'
NJ
I
NOTE: Scrbent Claya are coc^erclally available as kitty litter
LIMITATIONS
Lar.Jspill
Hot reusable or ln:lnerab!e, effectiveness reduced when
rainy
Floating Spill - Non-Flowin; Mode
Not for use on spills into water
Floating Spill ; Flo^lrig .Mode
Not for use on spills Into water
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic ccspour.d.i, Inorganic
o Halldes, Inorganic
o Cyanates and Isocyinates
o Heavy
-------
SORBENT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Dlatoalte
N9
I
SND-0
o Oil Dry Corporation
Chicago, IL 312-i21-1515
o Cost: Partlculate - »1.M5/lt
o Bulk Density: ;8 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
NOTE: Dlatomlta Is used as a filtration redlua for swl=lns pools
LIMITATIONS
Landsplll
Xot reusable or Inclnerable; effactlveness reiuced when
rainy or windy
Floating Spill - Non-Flowing Mode
Not Tor use on spills Into water
Floating Spill - Flovlng Mode
Not for use on spills Into water
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acldle compounds, Inorga.-Uc
o Basic cor.pou.nds
o Cyanates and isocyanates
o Halldes, inorganic
o Heavy metals
HEALTH/SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Wear dust respirator, eye protection, ar.d other
protective equipment appropriate for the hazardous
liquid
EN7I".ONHENTAL CONSIDEBATIC'iS
Does not biodegrade but is a natural component of the
environment
SOnBENT DENSITY (NO VOIDS)*
156.0 pounds/cubic foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorption capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Information are given In Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either known, suspected, or observed to be incompatible, an "I" Is given in Table
2-1, or If trie sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "NV 13 used.
•This Is the density of the solid materl.il without any voids thnt Is used In selected fornulne contained In Section 3 and la
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product information.
-------
SORBENT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Wood Fiber
Slikwik/Lite-fl-Cobs
o The Andersons Cob Division
Mauaee, OH
800-172-3220 (inside OH)
800-537-3370 (outside OH)
o Cost: Partlculate - $0.10-10.20/lb
o Bulk Density: 12 Ib/ft3 (Sllkvick)
31 Ib/ft3 (Llte-R-Cobs)
o Store: Dry
IHlgh Absorbent Coapound/Qulek Wiek
PUIOW3
o Geotech Developaent Co-p.
King of Prussia, PA 215-337-8J15
o Cost: Partlculate - $0.21/lb
Pillows - $2/lb
o Bui* Density: 12 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
N)
I
NOTE: Sawdust can be obtained &t lunber yards and siwallls
LIMITATIONS
Landsplll
Not reusable effectiveness reduced when rainy; not
effective where groundcover is dense; effectiveness of
partlculate reduce when rainy; pillows not effective
where terrain is rugged
Floating Spill - Hon-Flowlng Mode
Not for use on spills Into water
Floating Spill ^ Flowing Mode
Not for uao on spills Into water
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic compounds, inorganic
o Basic compounds
o Kydrazlr.es and hydrazldcs
HEALTH/SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Wear duat respirator and eye protection when handling
partlculate and other protective equipment appropriate
for the hazardous liquid
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Blodegrades and Is a natural coaponent of the
environaent
SORBEHT DENSi-? 'NO VOIDS)*
19.9 poundi jic fpot
PERFORMANCE
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference index Information are given In Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either known, suspected, or observed to be Incompatible, an "I" Is given In Table
2-1, or if the sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "NW" is used.
•This is the density of the solid material without any voids that is used In selected formulae contained In Section 3 and Is
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density Hated above under specific product information.
-------
SORBENT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASSj Treated Wood Fiber
Conwed Standard Sorhent
o Conued Corporation
St. Paul, MM 612-221-11UI1
o Cost: Mat - $2.50/lb
Pillow - $10/lb
Boom - $3.75/lb
o Bulk Density: 3.8 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark
Bregoil Sponge
o BHEG-O-S, Inc.
Hew York, H* 212-860-3689
o Cost: Particulate - $1.75/lb
Pillow - $1.18/lb
Boom - $1.55/lb
o Bulk Density: 7 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark
L DOTATIONS
Landspill
Not effective where groundcover is dense; partlculate
not reusable and effectiveness reduced when windy;
pillows not effective where terrain is rugged
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic compounds, inorganic
o Halldes, inorganic
o Hydrazines and hyd.-azldes
Spill ^ Non-Flowing Mode
HEALTH/SAFEST CONSIDERATIONS
Wear protective equipment appropriate for the
hazardous liquid
Hods
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Biodegradable
SORBENT DENSITI (NO VOIDS)*
19.9 pounds/cubic foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference index information are giv»r, in Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pa'.r is either known, suspected, or observed to be Ip.ce-npatible, an "I" is given in Table
2-1, or. if the sorbent is not wet by me hazardous liquid, an "NW" is used.
•This is the density of the solid material without any volJs that is used in selected formulae contained in Section 3 and
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
is
-------
SORBEHT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Expanded Mineral
Hlcafll/Perllte King
o Filter-Media Co.
Houston, TX 713-780-900
o Coat: Participate - $0.12-$0.3Vlb
o Bulk Density: 5-7 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
Palabora Vermlcullte
o American Veraicullte Corp.
Atlanta, CA U01-321-5309
o Cost: Partlculate - $0.1«/lb
o Bulk Density: 3-5-10 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
I
t-*
£•
MOTE: Expanded Minerals are coupon soil amendcents and are available at nurseries
LIMITATIONS
Landsplll
Not reusable or Incinerable; effectiveness reduced when
windy or rainy; not effective where groundcover Is dense
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Hydrazines and hyrazldes
o Heavy Metals
Floating Spill - Non-Flo-'ing Mode
Hot for use on spills into water
Floating Spill - Flowing Mode
Hot for use on spills Into water
HEALTH/SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Wear dust respirator, eye protection and other
protective equipment appropriate for the hazardous
liquid
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Does not biodegrade but is a natural eoaponent
of the environment
SORBEHT DENSITY (NO VOIDS)*
119.7 pounds/cubic foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorption capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Information are given in Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair is either known, suspected, or observed to be Inccapatible, an "I" Is given In Table
2-1, or if the sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "NX" is used.
•This is the density of the solid material without any voids that is used In selected formulae contained In Section 3 and la
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
-------
SORBENT DAT* SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Foa-ned Class
Hazorb
o Diasond Shaarock Corp.
Irving, TX 211-659-7000
o Cost: Participate - $3/lb
Pillows - $3.20/lb
o Bulk Density: 2 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
ABC-Drl
o JV Manufacturing Co., Inc.
DePere, WI "41U-336-3717
o Cost: Pillows - $M.UO/lb
o Bulk Density: 2 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
I
Ui
LIMITATIONS
Landsplll
Not reusable; effectiveness reduced when rainy; not effeitive
where groundcover Is dense; effect've of partlculate reduced
when windy; pillows not effective where terrain is rugged
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Heavy metals
o Hydrazlnes and hydrazldes
Floating Spill - Non-Flowing Mode
Hot for t
-------
SORBENT DATA SHEET
GEHEBIC CLASS: Polyurethane
Craboil
o R.B.H. Cybernetics Ltd.
Victoria, B.C. Canada
601-178-3122
o Coat: Mats - *15/lb
Booms - $15/lb
o Bulk Density: 1.1 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
SS
o Spill Control Co.
Chino, CA - 711-591-1701
o Cost: Mata - $S.l6/lb
Boons - $7.83/lb
o Bulk Density: 1.8 Ib/ft3 (est.)
0 Store: Dry, dark, cool
LIMITATIONS
Undspill
Hot effective uhere terrain is rugged or groundcover
Is dense
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic compounds, Inorganic
o Hydrazlnes and hydrazides
Floating Spill z Hon-Flowlnj Mode
None
HEALTH/SAFCTT CONSIDERATIONS
Wear protective equipment appropriate for the
hazardous liquid
Floating Spill z Flowing
Hone ~
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Not rapidly biodegraded
FEBFORMANCE
SORBENT DENSITT (NO VOIDS)*
71.7 pounds/cubic foot
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Information are given In Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either known, suspected, or observed to be incompatible, an "I" is given in Table
2-1, or If the sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "NU" Is used.
•This Is the density of the solid caterlal without any voids that is used In selected formulae contained in Section 3 and
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
is
-------
SORBEHT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASSt Polyethylene
Convied D-Sorbent
o Conwed Corporation
St. Paul, KM 612-221-111
o Cost: Hat - $U.25/lb
o Bulk Density: 1.5 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
to
I
LlhlTATIONS
Landsplll
Kot effective where terrain Is rugged or groundcover
Is dense
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic compounds, Inorganic
Floating Spill - Hon-Flowlr.g Mode
Hone
HEALTH/SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Wear protective equipment appropriate for the
hazardous liquid
Floating Spill - Flowing Mode
Not for u.ie on floating spills Into streams or
rivers - boon not available
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Hot rapidly blodcgraded
SOBBENT DENSITT (NO ?OIDS)»
58.5 pounds/cubic foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Information are given In Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If che sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either kmun, suspected, or observed to be Inccapatlble, an "I" Is given In Table
2-1, or If '..he sorbent Is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "KW" Is usod.
•This Is the density of the solid material without any voids that Is used In selected formulae contained In Section 3 and Is
not to be confused ultn sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
-------
SORBENT D1TA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Polypropylene
3M Oil Sorbent,
o 3M Corporation
St. Paul, KS 612-733-1110
o Cost: Participate » »3.C5/lb
Mat - $3.30/lb
Pillow - $3.10/lb
Boom - 41.30/lb
o Bulk Density: 3 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
ARC-Drl Hydrocarbon Sorbent
o JV Manufacturing Co., Inc.
DePere, WI 111-336-3717
o Coat: Participate - $2/lb
Hat - $2.95/lb
Pillow - $2.17/lb
Eoca - $2.57/lb
o Bulk Density: 3 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
Envlropoly
o Envlrosorb Co.
Ednonds, WA 206-778-7185
o Coat Mat - $2/lb
Boom - $3.95/lb
o Bulk Density: 3 Ib/ft3 (est.)
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
SJPC Oil Sorbent
o Sorbent Products Co., Inc.
Mapleuood, NJ 201-762-1705
o Cost: Particulate - $3.l3/lb
Mat - $3.50/lb
B-ioa - i1.11/lb
o Bulk Density: 1.5 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
Cwlk-Wiek
o Clark-Cutler-McDersott Co.
Franklin, MS 617-523-1200
o Cost: Mats - $3.l8/lb
o Dulk Density: 1.1 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
F-12 Fuel Pads
o Spill Control Co.
Chino, CA 711-591-1701
o Cost: Hats* - $8.60/lb
o Bulk Density: 1.7 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, dark, cool
*Polyaeric Foam
I
I—•
CO
LIMITATIONS
LanJsplll
Effectiveness of particulate reduced when windy; pjrticulate
not for use within environmentally sensitive areas; pillows
and nats not effective where groun-iover is dense and terrain
is rugged
N'on-Fl owing Mode
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic compounds, inorganic
HEALTH/SAFETI CONSIDERATIONS
Wear protective equlpaent appropriate for the
hazardous liquid
EN7IRONHENTU. CONSIDERATIONS
Not rapidly biodegraded
SORBENT DENSITT (NO VOIDS)*
56.8 pourds/cublc foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorption capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Information are given in Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair is either known, suspected, or observed to be incompatible, an "I" is given In Tablo
2-i, or if the sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "!JW" is used.
'This ia the density of the solid material without any voids that Is used In selected formulae contained In Section 3 and
not to ba confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product information.
is
-------
SORBENT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Cross-Linked Polyne.-
N)
I
lablber Beads
o EMCO.'lnc.
Little Hock, AK 501-371-7378
o Cost: Particulate - $9.10/lb
Pillows - $11.20/lb
o Bulk Density! 38 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry, cool
LIMITATIONS
Land*pill
Not reusable, effectiveness of partlculate reduced
when windy; partlculate not for use within .environ-
mentally sensitive areas; pillows not effective where
terrain Is rugged or groundcover Is dense
Floating .Spill ^ Ken-Flowing Mode
Not reusable ,
Floating SplU - Flowing Mode
Not for use on floating spills Into streams or
rivers - boom not available
PERFORMANCE
INCOMPATIBILITIES
o Acidic coapounds, Inorganic.
HEALTH/SAFETT CONSIDERATIONS
Wear dust respirator, eye protection and other
protective equipment appropriate for the hazardous
liquid. Unused beads can be a slip haiard when
present on smooth, hard surface
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Not rapidly blodegraied
SORBENT DENSITY (NO VOIDS)*
59.9 pounds/cubic foot
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous llquld/'.iater preference Index information are given In Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either known, suipected, or observed to be incoap.itible, an "I" Is given In Table
2-1, or If the sorber.t Is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "NW" is used.
•This is the density of the solid material without any voids that la used In selected formulae contained in Section 3 and
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
Is
-------
SORBEHT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS: Feathers
Sea Clean Oil Sorbent
o SeaClean, Inc.
Miami, FL 305-661-1021
o Cost: Pillows - $7.50/16
Booms - $7.50/lb
o Bulk Density: 0.89 Ib/ft3
o Store: Dry
to
O
LIMITATIONS
Lardapili
Not effective where terrain Is rugged or groundcover
is dense
IHCOMPATIBILITIES
Floating Spill - Non-flowing Mode
Hone
HEALTH/SAFETT CONSIDERATIONS
Wear protective equipment appropriate for the
hazardous liquid
Floating Spill - Flowing Mode
None ~
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Biodegradable
SOHBENT DENSITT (HO VOIDS)1
81 pounds.'cublc foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference index information are given in Tables 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazardous liquid pair Is either known, suspected, or observed to ba Incompatible, an "I" is given in Table
2-1, or If the sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an ":M" is used.
•This Is th* density of the solid material without any v
-------
SORBEHT DATA SHEET
GENERIC CLASS! Treated Clay/Treated Natural Organic
Loek.ierb/Klensorb
o Radecca, Inc.
Austin, TX 512-151-1797
o Coat: Part'.culata - »1.50-»5.25/lb
o Bulk Density) 15 Ib/ft3
o Storet Dry
ro
LIMITATIONS
Landaplll
!Kt reusable or Inclnerable
INCOMPATIBILITIES
Floating Spill - lion-Flowing Mode
Not for use on floating spills Into ponds or lakes
- oats and pillows not available
Floating Spill - Flowing Hod>
Not for use on floating spills Into streass or
rivers - boom not available
HEALTH/SAFETT CONSIDERATIONS
Wear dust respirator, eye protection and other
protective equipment appropriate for the-hazardous
liquid
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Does not blodegrade but clay portion Is a natural
component of the environment
SORBENT DENSITT (NO VOIDS)*
112.3 pounds/cubic foot
PERFORMANCE
Sorptlon capacity data and hazardous liquid/water preference Index Inforaatlon are given In Tables' 2-1 and 2-2, respectively.
If the sorbent/hazaroous liquid pair is either known, suspected, or observed to be Incompatible, an "I" is given in Table
2-1, or If tha sorbent is not wet by the hazardous liquid, an "WW" is used.
•This is the density of the solid material without any voKa that la used In selected fornulae contained in Section 3 and is
not to be confused with sorbent bulk density listed above under specific product Information.
-------
SECTION 3 - TECHNICAL/LOGISTICAL INFORMATION
This section contains guidance on the equipment and techniques to use
for: 1) the application and collection of sorbents in a spill clean-up
situation, 2) the immobilization by sorbents of hazardous liquids and wastes
for the purpose of disposal in a landfill, 3) sorbent reuse, and 4) tne
disposal of used sorbents. The purpose of this section is to provide the user
with the information necessary to identify the technique and equipment
requirements given the user's unique set of circumstances. Once these
requirerr>ents have been identified, Section A may be referenced to obtain an
estimate of the costs associated with the response action.
SORBENT APPLICATION - LAND SPILLS AND FLOATING SPILLS
Sorbents may be applied to a spill of a hazardous substance either
manually or with mechanical aid. The choice of which general method to
employ, either manual or mechanical, depends on the size of the spill and on
the medium into which the spill has occurred. For example, the application of
a sorbent to a small spill of 500 gallons or less of a hazardous substance
onto land is generally most easily accomplished manually, using, a shovel in
the case of a particulate sorbent, or by throwing on a pillow, pad, or mat
sorbent. On the other hand, the same size spill into a large body of water
(assuming the substance floats) would probably require using a boat as a
platform from which to manually apply either a pillow, pad, mat, or boom type
sorbent.
As with any operation that involves a hazardous substance, there must be
adequate supervision by experienced, skilled personnel who are aware of the
hazards involved and the steps that can be taken to mitigate them, and who
enforce strict compliance with safety procedures. The subsections that follow
discuss equipment and manpower requirements, limitations, and safety
precautions for the application, both manually and mechanically, of the three
types of sorbents (particulate, pillcw/pad/nat, boom). These subsections are
limited to spills on land and spills floating on water. Technical guidance
for the collection of sorbents is provided in a later subsection.
Particulate Sorbents
Manual application of particulate sorbents is limited to small spills of
hazardous substances on land. Because of the difficulty in collection,
particulate sorbents are not considered for use on spills into water. Also,
manual application of particulate sorbents is infeasible for a large land
spill because of the labor intensive nature of such an operation.
3-1
-------
Because particulate sorbents are powders/ granules, or other loose forms/
the only practical method for manually applying them is shoveling. The type
of shovel that is most satisfactory is a coal, type scoop shovel, or other
similar type with a flat bottom and turned up sides. This configuration will
produce a maximum rate of application. Also, sparkproof tools should be used
around flammable hazardous substances.
Particulate sorbent should be emptied from its container onto the ground
upwind from the spill, and as close to it as practical and safe. Shovelfulls
of the sorbent should then be applied to the spill in even, thin layers of'
sorbent until the top layer of sorbent is no longer wet with the spilled
liquid. The personnel who apply the sorbents must be capable of skillful
operation of required safety equipment for the hazardous substance involved
and must observe proper safety fjrecautions.
The volume of sorbent that can be applied per shovelfull depends on the
bulk density of the sorbent. The volumetric rate of application will be
inversely related to the sorbent bulk density. As an example of rates of
manual application, it would require two workers approximately 40 minutes-to
manually apply sufficient sorbent clay to sorb a 500 gallon (4150 pounds)
spill. This estimate assumes that (1) each worker could \pply 50 pounds of
sorbent clay to the spill each minute, (2) the sorbent clay has a sorption
capacity of 1, on a weight basis, and (3) the spilled hazardous liquid has a
specific gravity of one. Knowing the sorption capacity of a sorbent (Table
2-1, Section 2), its bulk density (see Sorbent Data Sheets, Section 2), and
the specific gravity of the spilled hazardous liquid (Table 8-1, Section 8),
the user can calculate the approximate time required for application of any
socbent to a known volume of hazardous liquid using the formula (2):
Spill weight (Ib)
Application = Sorption capacity x Sorbent application (2)
Time (min) (Ib liquid/lb sorbent) rate (Ib/min)
Mechanized application of particulate sorbents to a land spill may be
appropriate when the spill is of nwdium size (500-5000 gallons). A mechanized
application technique allows for a more rapid cleanup of the spill, and makes
application of the sorbent onto the center of the pool easier and more
complete. When using mechanical means '_o apply sorbent materials to a spill,
the goal should be to apply an even, uniform layer of sorbent on top of the
spill from the upwind side of the spill, working from the edges towards the
middle of the spill. Sorbent should be applied until the sorbent is no longer
wet by the spilled hazardous substance. If the spill is into water and the
hazardous liquid floats, then pillow, pad, mat, or boom type sorbents should
be used since their collection is easier.
The mechanical application devices described herein have not been
specifically designed to apply sorbent materials to spills; they are devices
that are engineered to deliver a specific type of particulate material for a
given application, (e.g., loose insolation delivered by an insulation blower).
There has been no testing of these devices with any of the sorbents addressed'
3-2
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in this Manual. They have been considered for use based solely on the general
similarity of the particulate material for which they were designed to various
particulate sorbent materials. Also sparkproof tools should be used around
flammable hazardous substances.
The best mechanical techniques for applying particulate sorbents will
depend to a large extent on the bulk density of the sorbent. For sorbents of
low to moderate bulk density (e.g., cellulose-based sorbents, expanded
minerals), devices that entrain the solid in a high velocity stream of air are
judged to probably be the most effective. The sorbent is propelled by
repeated collisions with the high-velocity air molecules. The distance the
sorbent can be dispersed is limited, albeit greater than can be achieved
manually, due to the comparatively low momentum which results from low density
particulates.
Devices that could be used to apply low to moderate bulk density
particulate sorbents are forage blowers, mulch blowers, or insulation blowers.
These devices may be rented from rental yards or purchased from hardware and
agricultural suppliers. The sorbent can usually be emptied into the feed
hopper directly from its packaging. Sandblasting equipment is not recommended
because it is designed to deliver only a small amount of material per unit
time (Fef. 1).
For higher density particulate sorbents (e.g., clay minerals),
centrifugal devices would probably be more effective than the air-entrainment
devices described above. These devices impart momentum to the sorbent
particles via a rotating impeller. A snowblower is an example of such a
device that may be effective with the higher density particulate sorbents.
Snowblowors may be rented or purchased at hardware stores, or large department
stores, however, they may not be off-the-shelf items in the warmer areas of
the country. When using a snowblower to deliver a particulate sorbent, the
sorbent should first be emptied from its packaging onto the ground upwind from
the spill and in a long row, one to two feet wide and eight to twelve inches
high. The operator then adjusts the discharge chute for the appropriate area
and pushes the snowblower into the long row of sorbent from end to end.
The mechanical devices described above each have unique methods of
operation, and the instructions that are supplied with a device should be
carefully consulted and followed. The normal safety precautions that are
required when working around mechanical equipment, such as avoiding loose
clothing and protecting hair that could get tangled in rotating parts, and
using protective eyewear that safeguards against impact hazards should be
observed. Safety precautions against the hazards associated with the spilled
hazardous substance must also be taken. Any mechanical equipment used around
a flammable hazardous substance must be explosion proof.
As an example of rates of mechanized application, it would require
approximately 110 minutes to mechanically apply sufficient .sorbent clay to
cleanup a 5000 gallon (41500 pound) spill. This estimate assumes that (1) the
application device can deliver 380 pounds of sorbent clay every minute, (2)
the sorbent clay has a sorption capacity of 1, on a weight basis, and (3) the
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spilled hazardous liquid has a specific gravity of one. Knowing the sorption
capacity of a sorbent (Table 2-1, Section 2), its bulk density (see Sorbent
Data Sheets, Section 2), and the specific gravity of the spilled hazardous
liquid (Table 8-1, Section 8), the user can calculate the approximate time
required for application of any sorbent to a hazardous liquid using Formula 2
(given on page 3-2).
Pillow, Pad, and Mat Sorbents
Pillows, pads, and mats may be applied to spills on land or to floating'
spills on non-flowing water. The only practical method of application is to
manually toss the sorbent onto the spill by hand, regardless of spill size or
the size of the water body.
For small spills on land, pillow, pad, or mat sorbents can be applied by
throwing the sorbent onto the spill either underhand or in a frisbee-throwing
type of movement. This operation should be performed from the upwind side of
the spill. The entire spill area should be covered with the sorbent.
For large spills on land it may be difficult to throw the sorbent onto
the middle of the spill. Use a pillow type sorbent for tnis purpose since
these are heavier than pads or macs and can therefore be thrown the farthest
and are least affected by wind. If the spill is so large that the middle of
the spill cannot be reached by throwing sorbent from the periphery of the
spill, then proceed by working from the perimeter inwards. Place sorbent
around the perimeter of the spill, tfien collect it and slowly work inwards
toward the center of the spill.
Pillows, pads, or mats can be thrown onto a floating spill from the shore
when the water body in small enough. An underhand or frisbee-throwing style
will work best, and sorbent pi]lows will travel the farthest. If there is
sufficient breeze to move the floating spill in the direction of the breeze,
then one approach would be to place the sorbent around the downwind edge of
the water body which will result in the hazardous substance blowing into the
sorbent. Care must be exercise'', however, so that placement of the sorbent
does not require personnel to be stationed downwind of the spill in the vspor
plume. Another, perhaps less hazardous, approach would be to place the
sorbent at the upwind edge of the water body thus allowing the wind to carry
the sorbent into the hazardous substance.
When the water body is large, a boat will be required so that complete
sorbent application can be achieved. However, this procedure must be very
carefully evaluated with respect to the nature of the spilled substance and
the hazards it present? since the personnel in the boat cannot easily escape
if a problem arises. A worst case scenario would be the accidental ignition
of a flammable hazardous substance while the boat and personnel are near the
spill, or the failure of a breathing apparatus in a spill of a hazardous vapor
that is highly toxic. The only time such an operation should be attempted is
if the safety of the personnel involved can be assured.
If such an operation is carried out, the sorbent should be applied as.
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much upwind as possible by throwing the sorbent onto the spill. There should
be a boat operator and a person responsible for broadcasting the sorbent. Two
broadcasters per boat may be counterproductive if the boat is small since
there is less room in the boat for sorbent and more frequent trips to shore
will be required to resupplv sorbent. This should be evaluated by the person
in charge of the clean-up operation.
All safety precautions must be observed, including use of proper
protective clothing. It is recommended that a line be attached to the boat/
as far as is practical/ so that the boat can be hauled in from shore in the
event of a problem. In addition/ oars are usually provided and should be
checked before operations begin. All equipment must be explosion proof when
working near flammable hazardous substances.
An estimate.qf-the amount of time required to apply sufficient pads, mats
or pillows to clean up a spill on water can be made using Formula 2 (see page
3-2). Sorption capacity can be found in Table 2-1, Section 2. The specific
gravity data in Table 0-1, Section 8, can be used to determine the weight of a
spill of known volume. The sorbent application rate can be estimated by
weighing an individual pad/ mat or pillow and assuming a person can throw
about eight to ten of these onto the spill every minute.
Sorbent Booms
Sorbent booms (rather than pads, mats/ or pillows) may be deployed
against floating spills of hazardous substances in flowing watercourses when
the current is below 2 knots and spill thickness is less than 1 run. If the
spill is ongoing/ a sorbent boom can be deployed just downstream of the point
of entry of the hazardous substance into the watercourse/ or as close as
practical. Additional sorbent booms could be deployed at suitable intervals
downstream to collect any of the hazardous substance that has already spilled
or that might subsequently escape the first sorbent boom deployed. Although
sorbent/hazardous liquid compatibility was evaluated in developing the Sorbent
Selection and Use Guides/ the compatibility of the outer sorbent boom
containment fabric with specific hazardous liquids must be verified before
use.
If the spill has been halted, a sorbent boom should be placed far enough
downstream so that it is completely deployed prior to the arrival of the spill
slug. Backup sorbent booms should also be placed downstream to catch any
hazardous substance which escapes the first-line sorbent boom.
If the spill is into a narrow stream, the sorbent boom can be deployed by
throwing or casting an attached line to a person standing on the other side.
The sorbent boom is then pulled across the stream. Alternatively, the aorbent
boom can be hand carried across the stream — but only if it is safe to do so'.
When the spill is into a wide river, the only practical way of deploying
a sorbent boom is to use a boat to carry it out from shore a sufficient
distance to intercept the floating spill. Anchors may be required to secure
the sorbent boom to the bottom to prevent it from being carried downstream.
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Alternatively, the sorbent booni can be secured ".o the shoreline. The
"no-oil-loss tow speed" for three sorbent booms tested was 1 ft/sec in calm
water conditions (Ref. 2). Sorbent booms used for hvizaroous substance pi'-kup,
therefore/ would be generally effective unless current flow appreciably
exceeds 1 ft/sec.
The people involved in the deployment of sorbe it booms must necessarily
position themselves downstream of the spill. There may be times when
downstream is also downwind. When such a conditior exists/ extra caution must
be exercised so that individuals are not exposed -.0 toxic vapors in excess of
safe levels. Such precaution might include the u je of fully encapsulating
suits that contain SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus). The user should
refer to sources that wilJ provide information retarding the proper protective
equipment. In addition/ monitoring of spill vapor concentrations may be
necessary.
It is difficult to provide an estimate of fie time necessary to deploy a
sorbent boom against a certain size of spill because of the wide variety of
circumstances that could exist in the field. However/ an estimate of the
amount of sorbent boom required to collect a spill can be made using the
formula (3):
Amount of sorbent boom (lb) = Spill weight (Ib) (3)
Sorption capacity
(lb liquid/lb boom)
Sorption capacity can be found in Table 2-1/ Section 2. The liquid
specific gravity data in Table 8-1/ Section 8/ can be used to determine the
weight of a spill of known volume. Note that Formula 3 specifies the weight
of sorbent that must actually come in contact with the spill. The assumption
is made that the liquid penetrates the sorbent until the sorbent is saturated.
Boom effectiveness may h"> increased by haviivj several booms parallel to one
another (the second about 50 feet downstream of the first/ etc.) and by
placing fresh sorbent pads just upstream of each boom.
SORBENT COLLECTION - LAND SPILLS AND FLOATING SPILLS
Saturated sorbents may be collected or retrieved from a spill site either
manually or with mechanical aid. The choice of which general method to
employ/ either manual or mechanical, depends on the volume of saturated
sorbent that needs to be collected. Generally/ when the spill has occurred on
land and is 500 gallons or less, the saturated sorbent is most easily
collected manually. Larger spills nay warrant the use of mechanized
collection equipment.
The choice of manual or mechanical collection methods for spills of
floating hazardous substances into water depends more on the size of the water
body than the spill size. Collection of sorbent applied to a spill that has
occurred into a small body of water (e.g., a stream or pond) can probably be
collected from shore manually. However, collection of a sorbent that has been
applied to a spill into a large water body (e.g., a river or lake) must
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generally be conducted with the aid of a boat.
As with any operation that involves a hazardous substance, there must be
adequate supervision by experienced, skilled personnel who are aware of the
hazards involved and the steps that can be taken to mitigate them, and who
enforce strict compliance with safety procedures. The subsections that follow
discuss equipment and manpower requirements/ limitations, and safety
precautions for the collection, both manually and inechar.ically, of the three
sorbent types for spills on land, and floating spills into water.
Particulate Sorbents
The use of particulate sorbents on spills of liquid hazardous substances
is limited to land spills. Manual collection of thesejsorbents is recommended
only for small-sized land spills because of the labor-intensive nature of such
an operation. Although collection of loaded particulate sorbents can be
performed by unskilled laborers, the personnel must be informed of the hazards
involved and proper safety precautions to be observed.
Manual collection is best accomplished using a coal-type scoop shovel, or
other similar types with u flat bottom and turned up sides. This
configuration will produce a maximum rate of collection. If the hazardous
liquid is flammable, all tools must be sparkproof. The workers who are
collecting the saturated sorbent should be positioned on the upwind side of
the sorbed spill and begin removing the saturated sorbent starting at the near
edge and working toward the far edge. Ideally, the receptacle that will
contain the saturated sorhent should be positioned nearby so "that the
saturated sorbent can be shovelled into it directly without unnecessary effort
for the workers. This will also lessen the amount of dripping from the
saturated sorbent that might contact unprotected ground.
The volume of saturated sorbent that can be collected per shovelfull
depends on the strength of the person shovelling and therefore indirectly on
the density of the sorbent and the specific gravity of the hazardous liquid.
The volumetric collection rate will be inversely related to these two values.
As an example of rates of manual collection, it would require approximately 80
minutes for two workers to manually collect saturated sorbent clay used to
absorb a 500 gallon (4150 pounds) spill. This estimate assumes that each
worker could shovel 50 pounds of saturated sorbent clay per minute, based on
the estimated physical ability of an average adult male. The sorbent clay has
a sorption capacity of 1, on a weight basis, and the spilled hazardous liquid
lias a specific gravity of one. Knowing the sorption capacity of a sorbent
(Table 2-1, Section 2) and the specific gravity of the spilled hazardous
liquid (Table 0-1, Section 8) allows the user to estimate the time required to
collect a saturated sorbent using the formula (4):
Spill Weight + Sorbent Weight (4)
Time to Collect = (Ib) (lb)
(min) Mass Collection Rate (Ib/min)
where:
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Spill Weight = Spill Vol. x Liquid Density
(ftj) (lb/ft3)
and where:
Sorbent Weight = Spill Weight (lb)
(lb) Sorption Capacity (lb liquid/lb sorbent)
A large amount of saturated particulate sorbent is most efficiently
collected by mechanized means. However, the terrain must be firm and
relatively flat. In addition/ use of heavy equipment around flammable
hazardous substances should be avoided. In such a case, manual collection of
the saturated sorbent should be considered. A mechanical method of collection
suitable in a wide variety of circumstances is the use of a skiploader to
scrape up the saturated sorbent from the ground. The scoop of an
average-sized skiploader ranges in volume from 0.5 to 1.5 cubic yards.
The skiploader should begin the collection operations upwind of the
spill. Saturated sorbent should first be removed from the upwind edge, with
successive passes made until the far edge of the sorbed spill is reached. The
receptacle into which the saturated sorbent is to be placed shou.ld be near the
collection operation to minimize the collection time.. If the saturated
sorbent is to be placed into 55-gallon drums, a hopper should be placed over
the drum so that the skipioader can easily dump its scoopfull of saturated
sorbent. Since a 55-gallon drum holds about 7 cubic feet, a scoopfull of
saturated sorbent may have to be discharged into two or more separate drums.
The use of a skiploader to collect a large amount of saturated sorbent
requires a skilled operator. He must be informed of the hazards involved, and
proper safety precautions must be observed. As with any operation that
involves a hazardous substance, there must be adequate supervision by
experienced, skilled personnel who are aware of the hazards involved and the
steps that can be taken to mitigate them, and who enforce strict compliance
with safety procedures. The skiploader may require decontamination following
use.
As an example of mechanized rates of collection, it would require an
average sized skiploader approximately 40 minutes to collect saturated sorbent
clay used to sorb a 5000 gallon spill. This estimated total collection time
is based upon assuming (1) a sorption capacity of 1, on a weight basis, (2) a
skiploader scoop capacity of 0.5 cubic yards (13.5 cubic feet), and (3) a
volumetric collection rate of 1 cubic yard per minute. The user can estimate
the time required to collect a saturated sorbent by the formula (5):
Saturated Sorbent Volume
Time to collect = (cubic feot) (5)
(min) Volumetric Sorbent Collection Rate
(cubic feet/rain)
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where:
Saturated Spill
Sorbent = Volume + Spill Height (Ib)
Volume (cubic feet) Sorption Capacity x Sorbent Density
(cubic feet) (Ib liquid/lb sorbent) (Ib/cubic foot)
The liquid specific gravity data ?.n Table 8-1, Section 8, will allow the
user to calculate the spill volume when the spill weight is known. Sorption
capacity data are given in Table 2-J., Section 2. Sorbent density (no voids)
is provided in the Sorbent Data Sheets, Section 2, and should not be confused
with sorbent bulk density, also given in the Sorbent Data Sheets.
Pillows, Pads, and Mats
When a spill of small size on land has been sorbed with pillow, pad, or
mat sorbents, it is generally easiest to collect che saturated sorbent
manually. Manual collection is usually best accomplished with a wide
pitchfork. If the hazardous liquid is flammable, all tools should be
sparkproof. Using a pitchfork to collect saturated pillows, pads, or mats
offers several advantages over a shovel. A pitchfork is lighter than a shovel
and the saturated sorbent can either be scooped up or pierced with the tines
of the pitchfork. This same technique can also be used to collect saturated
mats or pillows that haje been used to sorb a floating spill that has occurred
in a non-flowing body of water.
When manually collecting the saturated pillows, pads, or mats from a
small land spill, the workers should be positioned on the upwind side of the
sorbed spill and begin removing the saturated sorbent starting at the edge and
working toward the for edge. The receptacle that will contain the saturated
sorbent should be positioned nearby so that the saturated sorbent can be
placed into it directly, without undue effort or lengthy transport of
saturated sorbent.
When manually collecting saturated pillows, pads, or mats from a small
pond, it may be difficult to collect the sorbent from the upwind shore since
the sorbent will be blown toward the downwind shore. However, if safe, th«
workers doing the collecting can don waders and enter the water from the
upwind shore and collect the saturated sorbent or, alternatively, a boat can
be used. These techniques will enable the workers to collect the saturated
sorbent from an upwind position. If neither of these techniques are feasible,
the saturated sorbent will have to be collected either with long poles or
other grappling devices that can reach from the upwind shore to the "logjam"
of sorbent pillows, pads, or mats, or they will have to be collected from the
downwind shore. The latter method should only be attempted when adequate
protection is provided. The receptacle into which the saturated sorbent is to
be placed should be located near the workers to avoid any unnecessary manual
transport of the saturated sorbent.
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As an example of a manual collection rate/ it would require approximately
30 minutes for a person to collect saturated foamed glass pillows us«y1 to corL.
a 500 gallon spill. This estimate assumes that (!'• the person could collect
five pillows per minute, baaed on the estimated physical ability o£ an average
adult male, (2) the foamed glass has a sorption capacity of 10, on a weight
basis, and (3) the hazardous liquid has a specific gravity of one. Knowing
the volume of saturated sorbent to be collected, the volume of a single
sorbent unit (by measurement or estinate), and the rate of loaded sorbent
collection, the user can estimate the time required to collect a saturated
sorbent using Formula 5 (see page 3-9), where the volumetric sorbent
collection rate equals the sorbent unit volume, in cubic feet/unit, times the
unit collection rate, in units/minute.
Collection of saturated pillows, pads, or mats from larger bodies of
water, such as lakes, will generally require the use of a boat. However, the
use of a boat to collect saturated sorbent units from a lake must be very
carefully evaluated with respect to the nature of the spilled hazardous
substance and the hazards it presents since t!:3 personnel in the boat cannot
easily escape if a problem arises. The only time such an operation should be
attempted is if the saf3ty of the personnel involved can be assured. Although
skimmers have been developed and are commercially available for oil pickup,
further testing of skimmers is required before skimmers can be considered for
use with hazardous liquids. The relatively low viscosity of many hazardous
liquids, the incompatibility of hazardous liquids with skimmer materials of
construction, and the time required for deployment are obstacles that limit
the utility of skimmers for hazardous liquid cleanup (Ref. 3).
If it is determined that it is safe to utilize a boat for the collection
operation, the crew should consist of 1) a skilled boat operator who maintains
the boat upwind of the saturated sorbent and maneuvers it close enough to the
floating saturated sorbent units to allow for easy retrieval and 2) one or
more workers positioned forward who gather up the saturated sorbent with
pitchforks or other suitable implements. The boat should be sufficiently
large to allow for easy maneuvering by the crew and with space for drums into
which the collected saturated sorbent can be placed. The use of motor boats
and other potential fire or explosion initiators should be eliminated when
collecting saturated sorbent at the site of a spill of a flammable hazardous
substance. Also, the boat should be tethered, as far as is practical, to
shore so that it can be hauled in if the crew is incapacitated for any reason.
An estimate of the time required to collect the saturated sorbent can be
made by using Formula 5 (free page 3-9), where the volumetric sorbent
collection rate equals the sorbent unit volume, in cubic feet/unit, times the
unit collection rate, in units/minute. (Approximately 6 floating mats or
pillows collected per minute from a boat is estimated to be a reasonable unit
collection rate.)
Sorbent Booms
The use of sorbent booms on spills of floating liquid hazardous
substances is best for spills into flowing bodies of water (i.e., creeks or
.-.'•'. 3-10
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rivers), although booms are also useful for protecting windward shores of
quiescent bodies from spills. When the spill is into a small creek, the
sorbent boom can usually be manually collected. This operation should be
conducted from shore and upwind, if possible. The boom is pulled from the
•water and lifted directly into a suitable receptacle. This receptacle (e.g.,
a 55-oallon drum) should be placed as near to the shore as possible to make
collection easier and to minimize the amount of hazardous substance that drips
from the sorbent boom. The personnel involved in the nenual collection
operation must be suitably protected against the hazardous substance,
particularly since handling of the saturated sorbent boom may be required.
When the spill is into a river, mechanical means of collection include
boats and winches. When the saturated sorbent boom is not connected to the
same store, a boat will be required for collection. Otherwise, the saturated
sorbent boom can be hauled in from shore. In either case, a winch may be
required to hoist the sorbent boom out of the water since it can be heavy as
well as lengthy. However, care should be exercised when using a winch to
avoid excessive squeezing of the sorbent and resultant liberation of the
hazardous liquid. Unless the sorbent boom is to be reused (upon liquid
release into a suitable receptacle by squeezing), the collected sorbent boom
should be placed directly into a suitable receptacle (e.g., a 55-gallon drum),
which should be placed as close to the point of collection as possible.
All collection operations, whether on shore or from a boat, should take
place from an upwind position. In addition, the use of a boat must be
evaluated in light of the nature of the hazardous liquid and the dangers
involved. The same precautions and requirements for the utilization of a boat
during sorbent collection that were described for pillow, pad or mat sorbents
also apply to collection of saturated sorber.t booms.
An estimate of the time required to collect a saturated sorbent boom can
be made by using Formula 5 (see page 3-9), where the volumetric sorbent
collection rate equals the sorbent unit volume, in cubic feet/unit, times the
unit collection rate, in units/minute. (A single saturated sorbent boom of 10
foot length collected in about 5 minutes is estimated to be a reasonable unit
collection rate.)
SORBENTS FOR LANDFILLING OF LIQUIDS
Landfills that accept containerized hazardous waste for disposal are
required to comply with EPA regulations (47 FR 32366, July 26, 1982) regarding
the disposal of those containers. Containers holding liquids or free liquids
must not be placed in a landfill unless, before placement, the liquids or free
liquids are treated or stabilized chemically or physically (e.g., b> mixing
with a sorbent solid), so that free liquids are no longer present. This
section discusses techniques that can be used to accomplish physical
stabilization via sorbents and provides the user with a way to estimate the
volume of liquid that can l?e properly and safely placed in each 55-gallon
drum.
Clean, dry drums, constructed of materials compatible with the liquid
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hazardous substance to be disposed of, and in compliance with all federal,
state, and Jcca.l regulations should be used. Sufficient dry sorbent should be
adJed to the drum to maks a layer 6 to 8 inches deep. Next, a sufficient
amount of the hazardous liquid is added to the drum to cover the scrbent
layer. This sorbent/liquid mixture should then be stirred with a rod made of
compatible material to assure complete wetting of the sorbent. These steps
should be repeated until the saturated sorbent is about 6 inches from the top
of the drum. Add another couple of inches of dry sorbent to provide an excess
sorp'tion capacity should the sorbent settle during transport to the landfill.
Allowance for ullage should be based on estimated liquid volume, anticipated
exposure temperatures, and the liquid expansion coefficient.
The volume of hazardous liquid that can be disposed of in a drum can be
estimated using the following formula (6):
Vur/drum = Xdruiu ~ Vallage (C)
HL 1 + [ (UHL x 62.4) / (SC y. DS) ]
where: V , = Volume of hazardous liquid (gal)
''drum = v°lume °f tne d^um (gal)
Vullaqe = ulla(3e volume (gal)
D y = [Density of the hazardous liquid (gm/cc)
SC = Sorption capacity (Ib HL/ Ib dry Sorbent)
D = Density of the sorbent (no voids) (Ib/cu ft)
8 .
The liquid specific gravity (density) is available in Table 8-1, Section 8.
Sorpticn capacity is provided in Table 2-1, Section 2. The sorbenr density is
given in the appropriate Sorbent Data Sheet, Section 2, ind should not be
confused with sorbent bulk density, also given in the Sorbent Data Sheets.
SORBENT REUSE
Many sorbents have the necessary compressibility, hysteresis, and
durability that allow them to be reused a number of times during the course* of
a spill cleanup operation. Sorbent reuse is indicated when recovery oc vhe
spilled hazardous substance in free liquid form is desired. The sorbent
functions solely to pickup the free liquid from the ground and to release the
sorbed liquid into a recovery vessel.
Recovery of a spilled hazardous substance in free liiuid form may be
desirea *f!<»n i) the value of the substance is great enough that recovery and
recycle is less costly t-han the combined cost of disposal and loss of product,
or 2) the recovered hazardous, cubr^nce is to be incinerated which dees not
require the liquid to be solidified or otherwise immobilized. The
cost/benefit of the latter case, in particular, must be carefully analyzed.
Benefits include the need for less sorbent and a smaller volume of material
that requires incineration with concomitant savings on drum and transportation
costs. The primary costs are increased manpower per unit of liquid sorbed and
the cost of recovery equipment.
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When analysis indicates that sorbcnt reuse is preferable to single-pass
application, the user should pay particular attention to the "Limitations"
col-jfiTn in the Selection and Use Guide. Here, "R" indicates that a sorbent is
not reusable. When an "R" does not appear, the sorbent can be reused.
Generally, pillows, pads, and mats are the best forms to employ when reuse is
to be attempted. (While "R" does not appear in the "Limitations" column for
particulate sorbents thai; are compressible and exhibit hysteresis, it is
suggested that particulote forms only be reused,, when specially designed
equipment is available for handling and squeezing such sorbent (Ref. 5).
To reuse a sorbent, a device must be used that applies a squeezing action
to the sorbent to release the sorbed liquid into a receptacle (e.g., a
55-gallon drum). Such a device could be fabricated or various wringers can be
purchased from hardware stores, supply companies, and many sorbent si-pplieL's.
These can either be manually operated or powered by electric motors. A
powered wringer must be explosion proof wht.n used with flarineble hazardous
substances. Wringing with one's hands is not recommended because of possible
contact with the hazardous substance and because the twisting action may
damage the sorbent.
SORBENT DISPOSAL
Used sorbent? can be disposed of by landfilling or incineration (in
either case, the- loaded sorbent is generally contained in 55-gallon drums for
shipment to the disposal or treatment site). The decision of which disposal
method to use will be made on the basiv of cost and the disposal requirements
of the landfill or incinerator operator.
Incineration of used sorbent is a destructive process that uses heat and
oxygen to oxidize the hazardous substance to innocuous or less noxious
compounds. Ideally, the sorbent should be combustible so that a minimum of
residue is produced during incineration. If it is known prior to cleanup that
incineration is the method of choice for disposal and that the incinerator can
accept solid waste, combustible sorbent should be chosen. This can be done by
avoiding those sorbencs listed in the Selection and Use Guide that show an "I"
in the "Limitations" column. These sorbents are not combustible. In
addition, an analysis should be made to determine the feasibility of reusing
sorbent during cleanup since incineration of free liquids is often preferable
to incineration of solids. (See Sorbent Reuse above in this section.)
Landfilling of used sorbent is subject to a number of federal, state, and
local regulations regarding what type and form of wastes can be placed in a
landfill. The details of these requirements should be carefully studied if
landfilling of the used sorbent is being considered. A telephone call to the
landfill operators may be the quickest way to determine the requirements.
Recent regulations (47 FR 32366, July 26, 1982) prohibit the containerized
disposal of any free-standing liquid in hazardous waste landfills. It.-
therefore, is advisable to use sufficient sorbent to assure that the hazardous
liquid is completely sorbed.
3-13
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SECTION 4 - COST ESTIrtATION PROCEDURES AND DATA
This section provides the user with price data for the purpose of
estimating the cost of using a sorbent to clean up a spill of hazardous
liquids or to immobilize a hazardous liquid to meet the "no free liquid"
criterion for the purpose of landfilling. A discussion of the general cost
categories for cleanup of a hazardous substance spill with sorbents is
presented. The major categories are equipment, expendable materials/ labor,
disposal, and transportation. Some cost data (1983) are given for the user's
cost estimation purposes and must be adjusted to current levels using
appropriate cost indices. Manual Sections 2 and 3 should be consulted prior
to using this section to determine specific equipment, materials, labor,
disposal, and transportation requirements unique to the particular spill
situation confronting the user.
EQUIPMENT
Cost data are provided for equipment used to apply and collect sorbents
during the cleanup of a CERCLA liquid spill. Where available, data are given
tor purchase and rental o£ the equipment. One of the primary factor? that
will influence the decision to rent or buy equipment is the relative cost of
decontamination versus disposal. Rented equipment must be completely
decontaminated before it can be returned, therefore, the labor and
decontamination material costs must be added to the rental cost to obtain the
bottom lino cost of using the rented piece of equipment. On the other hand,
purchased equipment may either be disposed of (by an approved method) without
decontamination, or decontaminated and stored for future use. The anticipated
length of time the equipment will be required is another important factor that
must be considered when making a rent/buy decision. Much of the cost iteta
contained in the tables in this section were obtained from the 1983 Dodge
Guide to Heavy Construction Costs (Ref. 6), and the 1983 RER (Miramar
Publishing) Rental Equipment Rate Guide (Ref. 7).
Sorbent Application and Collection Equipnent
In Table 4-1 in this subsection, cost data on sorbent application and
collection equipment are given.
Miscellaneous Equipment
Table 4-2 shows the cost data for miscellaneous equipment required during
the cleanup of a r.p. Ll of hazardous liquid or during the landfilling of a
sorbent containing a ha.Tardous liquid. This equipment includes support
equipment not directly involved in the cleanup, such as trailers, but does not
4-1
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include safety related equipment.
Table 4-1. SORBENT APPLICATION AND COLLECTION EQUIPMENT PRICE DATA
ITEM RENTAL PRICE($) PURCHASE PRICE($)
Shovel i Pitchfork
Large forage blower
Snow blower
Grader
Skiploader
Vacuum truck
Mechanical shovel
12ft-14ft workboat, w/o motor
12ft-14ft jon boat, w/o motor
10--15 Hp outboard motor
30f c-40ft diesel workboat
12ft by 8ft sceel barge
Diesel tractor
5/day
-
40/day
110-200/day
145-1 60/day
200-800/day
575-1700/day
15-20/day
15-20/day
20/day
280-4 50/day
40/day
300/day
15-30
11,500
450-1000
-
-
-
-
500-700
420-900
500-1000
••> •
-
—
TABLE 4-2. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT COSTS
ITEM RENTAL COST($) PURCHASE COST($)
Rotating 55 gal. drum mixer - 1000
55 gallon drum hand truck 8/day 200
Transfer pump 7/day 250
One-ton truck <8/day -
Two-ton truck 54/day -
Pickup truck/van/car 35-55/day
Decontamination trailer 350/day -
w/genera tor
Lowboy trailer 145/day -
Flatbed trailer 75/day
Office trailer 20/day
Galley trailer 200/day
Dump truck 105/day -
MATERIALS
Cost data are provided here for expendable materials used during sorbent
cleanup of a hazardous substance spill or for sorbent landfilling purposes.
Included are cost data on sorbents and on the items required for safe disposal
of a sorbent saturated with a hazardous liquid. The amount of sorbent
required can be calculated from the sorption capacity of the sorbent (see
Table 2-1 in Section 2) and the estimated quantity of hazardous substance.
4-2
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Sorbent cost ranges
-------
problems arose when personnel performing sorbent-related cleanup tasks were
not sufficiently cautious due to lack of appropriate safety training,
experience, and supervision. Well traineJ personnel will be required to
assure that proper procedures are being adhered to and to evaluate site
conditions. For the purpose of estimating labor costs, salary scales
(including overhead rates) for several applicable personnel skill categories
are given in Table 4-5.
TABLE 4-5. LABOR CATEGORY COSTS
Estimated Cost for
Straight Time
Labor Category ($/hr)
Consultant
Supervisor
Safety Representative
Engineer
Chemist
Biologist
Hydrologist/Geologist
Foreman
Recovery Technician
Lab technician
Laborer
Equipment Operator
Truck Driver
Courier, Typist
Mechanic
Salvage Master
75-110
15-45
30
40-45
35-55
35-40
45-50
13-30
18-19
24
15
20
16
16
22
50
Working with hazardous substances may also require a surcharge of up to
$125/day/person, which includes special protective clothing. Labor cost
estimates should also include food and lodging expenses (per diem) for
personnel who are unable to return home after wnrk. Per diem costs typically
range from $50-100.
DISPOSAL COSTS
Landfilling
Landfill disposal costs of the sorbent/hazardous,.li'quid combination will
depend to a great extent on the type of ..material sorbed. Packaging
requirements and costs will vary depending upon the sorbed material. For
example, extremely toxic sorbed material ' may require that the
eorbent/hazardous liquid be placed in drums before disposal whereas, in other
cases, bulk disposal might be satisfactory. The range of costs for
landfilling drummed and bulk wastes arc as follows (Ref. 8):
4-4
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Drum - $168-$240/ton
Bulk - $55-$83/ton
Incineration
Incineration of a sorbwnt which contains a hazardous liquid is limited to
those incinerators that can handle solid waste, e.g., rotary kilns. The range
.of costs for incinerating drummed and bulk solid waste are (Ref. 8):
Drum - $120-$400/ton
Bulk - $395-$790/ton
TRANSPORTATION COSTS
Transportation costs are incurred during initial mobilization of
necessary equipment, materials, end personnel for a spill response and also
during transport of the loaded sorbent wastes to the disposal site.
Mobilization
Mobilization costs would consist of rental fees (see Table 4-2) and
mileage charges for vehicles necessary for the cleanup operations, such as
tractor/trailers, dump trucks, offroad 4-wheel drive trucks, pickup trucks,
and various trailer units containing generators, galleys, offices, etc. Other
possible mobilization costs might include rental costs for airplanes and/or
helicopters to be used for transportation or surveillance purposes.
Mobilization costs will depend primarily upon the size of the spill and
the spill location. These two factors will dictate the amount of equipment
and personnel necessary to effect the cleanup and hence will determine the
mobilization costs. Typical mileage charges for various types of vehicles,
along with rental charges fpr aircraft, are given in Table 4-6.
Disposal
Transportation costs will also be incurred during transport of the loaded
sorbent to the ultimate disposal site. Depending upon the nature of the
spilled material (flanmability, corrosivity, etc.) specialized transportation
equipment may be necessary. Estimated costs for hauling the wastes are $2-4
(40-80 drums) per loaded mile for a hazardous waste disposal truck.
4-5
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TABLE 4-6. QONVEYENCE MILEAGE CHARGES
Conveyance
Automobiles
Diesel tractor 56*f/mile
Pickup truck 47jif/mile
Personnel truck 47j£/mile
Dump truck 52^/mile
Vacuum truck 58^/mile
Aircraft
Plane: $100-$320/hour
$350/hour with pilot
$2.30 to $2.50/round-trip mile
Helicopter: Up to 3 hours....$165-$310/nour
>3 hours $400-$575/day
or $ 75-$95/flight hour
4-6
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SECTION 5 - TEST METHODS
This section describes the test methods used to determine the
experimental sorption capacity values reported in Table 2-1. Other test
methods that are available for evaluating sorption capacity and related
characteristics/ such as, release rate and swelling/ are also described.
Table 5-1 lists the test methods and provides pertinent information- such as
the type of data generated with these test protocols and the resources
required to perform the various tests. The use of standardized test methods
f
-------
TABLE 5-1. TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING SORBENT PERFORMANCE
Teat Method/Source
CE-EHSI
Sorbent Testa
EHSI
2021 W. Hillcrest
NewDury Park, CA
91320
ASTH
FT16-82
ASTM
1916 Race St.
Philadelphia,
y, PA 19103
1
ro
GJA
P-A-1056B
General Services
Administration
Washington, D.C.
.--__
Available
through IITIS
5285 Port Royal Rd.
.pringfield, VA 22151
Applicability/limitations
o Participate pillow,
p>>d, or mat aorbents
or sorbent booms
o Various sorbent classes
o Floating or sinking
hazardous liquids or
land spills
o Participate, pillow,
pad, or mat aorbents
o Various sorbent classes
o Sinking hazardous
liquids, spills on land
0 Partlculate (silicate
mineral) sorbents
c Oil and water fixtures
o Potential hazardous
liquid applications
Testing
Data Type Time (Hrs)
o sorptlon capacity 2
(fume hood)
o hazardous liquid/
water preference
ratio
o sorptlon capacity 2-21
o rate of release 2 (max)
o penetration 21
o release to other 2 (est.)
materials
o h-jsldlty/vater 24
resistance
o swelling 2-21
o sieve size 2 (est.)
o resistance to 1 (est.)
attrition
o workeanahlp I/1)
o aqueous solubility 18
o sorptlon capacity 6
Testing
Equipment
graduated cylinder, wire
screen assembly, glnss tray,
balance, spatula* beaker*
none (calculation)
graduated cylinder, stopper
glass rod, screen, balance
glass dish, fume hood,
balance
glass tube, stopper sand,
dye, glass bottle,
550g weight
glass dish, dye, blotting
paper, balance, weight
glass jar w/lld, balance
graduated cylinder, stopper,
glass rod, screen, balance
U.S. std. aleve series,
balance
U.S. std. aleve series,
slive shaker, steel balls,
balance
oven balance, beaker,
filtration apparatus.
crucible
glass tube, screen, balance
-------
TABLE 5-1. (continued)
Test Kethod/Source
Vestlnghouse
Vestlnghouse
Electric
Ccrp., The
Uestinghouse
Bldg.
Gateway Center
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Applicability/Limitations
o Participate (silicate
mineral) sorbents
o Oil and oil/water mixtures
o Potential hazardous
liquid application
Data Type
o sorptlon capacity
Testing
Tine (Mrs)
o hazardous liquid/
sorbent coherence
(particulates)
1/1
o sorbent reusability 1/2
Testing
Euipcent
oesh cone, beaker, balance
Rcnsselaer
Report Ho.
CG-D- 38-76
Renssclaer
Institute
110 Eighth St.
Troy, MI 12181
USCG
Report Ho.
721110.1/2/1
United States ^
Coast Guard
Oept. of
Transportation
Washington
D.C
Available
through HTIS
5285 Port Royal Rd.
Springfield, VA 22151
o Partlculate, pillow, o sorptlon capacity 1/1-2
pad, or mat sorbents (est.)
or sorbent booms
o Various sorbent classes
o Floating hazardous
liquids or land spills
o Particulate, pillow, o buoyancy retention 6 (aax)
pad, or cat sorbents
or sorbent booms
o Various rorbent classes o sorptlon capacity 6 (max)
o Potential application'
Tor Pleating hazardous
liquids or land spills
retention
o hazardous liquid/ 6
water content ratio
glass dish, balance
glass bottle, screen
basket, watch glass,
balance
screer. basket, balance
beaker, glass rod, spatula,
watch glass, glass bottle
stopper, shaker
glass bottle, shaker,
balance
pan, wire screen, balance,
wringer
(continued^
-------
TABLE 5-1. (continued)
Test Method/Source Appllcablllty/Unl tailors
Environment
Canada
Deport Nos.
EPS-H-EC-76-5
EPS-8-EC-78-8
EPS-1-EC-83-1
o Participate, pillow,
pad, or cat sorbents
or sorbent tocos
o Various aorbent classes
Pata Type
o aorptlon capacity
Testing
TlaejHrs)
o hazardous liquid/
water content ratio
Testing
Equipment
constant temperature bath,
laboratory press, balance,
assorted glassware
none (calculation)
o Potential application for
----- floating hazardous liquids
Technical Services or land spills
Branch, Environment
Canada - EPS
•River Road Labs
Ottawa, Canada HA IC8
in
-------
Sorbent (Bulk Density? Sorption Capacity with Ac^tonitrile
, 2/2
Vermiculite (5 lb/ftj)- 3.8
Sorbent Clay (38 lb/ftJ) 0.9
When the data are compared on a per weight basis, the vermiculite appears the
better performer. However, on a per volume basis, the sorbent clay sorbs a
greater mass of hazardous liquid than vermiculite.
The absence of a data base of sorbent performance information derived
from common test methods makes comparison of results difficult. Descriptions
of various sorbent test methods are thus presented in this section so that the
user can (1) make a judgement as to the best test method to use for his unique
cleanup situation, if required, or (2) understand how the experimental values
reported in Table 2-1 were derived. This information on standard test
irethodologies is also presented to provide further insight to the user
regarding the differences between laboratory test conditions and the
conditions that exist in the field. This section provides a detailed
description of the test methods used to generate date for this project, as
well as brief descriptions of other available test methods. The descriptions
include purpose, applicability/limitations, data type and resource
requirements. Note: The user should obtain the detailed test method protocol
from the issuing organization before attempting any actual testing (see Table
5-1 for source addresses). Also, sorption capacity testing should be
performed by investigators familiar with proper laboratory procedure and using
correct safety equipiient, clothing, and respirators.
SORBENT TESTING PROCEDURES USED FOR THIS PROJECT
Several new standard operating procedures for measuring sorption
capacities of particulate and pillow, pad, mat sorbents were developed for
this project and are described in the following paragraphs.
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Particulate Sorbents
For particulate sorbents that are not finely-divided the following
protocol for determining sorption capacity is conducted with an excess of
fluid. In a 10-ml graduated cylinder, place 10-ml of sorbent (2-ml for
cross-linked polymer) and weigh to determine the weight of sorbent. Place the
10-ml (or 2-ml) of sorbent into a 100-ml graduated cylinder that has been
previously tared. Add about 50-ml of fluid to be tested, then suitably cap
the mouth of the cylinder. Periodically swirl the mixture to assure intimate
contact of sorbent with hazardous liquid. Monitor the sample temperature
during the 2-hour test. At the conclusion of the exposure period, decant
excess liquid from the cylinder by tipping or inverting the cylinder with a
200-mesh SS screen (housed in a special frame) pressed tightly against the
cylinder mouth. Position a glass tray below the screen to catch the decanting
liquid. When the dripping ceases (less than 1 drop/15 seconds), the cylinder
within is weighed with the wet sorbent inside. The weight of hazardous liquid
5-5
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sorted is the difference between the wet and dry sorbent weights. The
weighings obtained from the test protocol are entered onto a Sorption Capacity
Data Sheet - Decant Test. Calculations are then made as prescribed above and
the sorption capacity is obtained as c;rams of hazardous liquid per gram of dry
sorbent and as pounds of hazardous liquid per cubic foot of dry sorbent. The
testing is conducted in duplicate and the spent sorbent/hazardous liquid
mixture is disposed of in specially designated wide-mouth waste disposal
bottles. If the results from the duplicate tests are riot within 20% of each
other/ a third test is conducted and the average value and standard deviation
reported.
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Finely-Divided Particulate Sorbents
For finely-divided particulate sorbents, the following experimental
approach is used to obtain sorption capacity. In a 50-ml graduated cylinder,
place approximately 25 nls of sorbent and weigh to determine the weight of
sorbent. Add an excess of fluid to be tested, i.e./ enough to adequately
submerge the sorbent/ swirJ the mixture to assure intimate mixing/ then
suitably cap the mouth of the cylinder and allow the sorbent within to settle.
Monitor the room temperature as an indication of sample temperature during the
2-hour test. At the conclusion of the exposure period/ weigh the cylinder and
contents/ thus obtaining the weight of hazardous liquid present. Using the
hazardous liquid density/ calculate the volume of hazardous liquid and
visually determine the total volume of sorbent and liquid. By subtracting the
calculated volume of liquid/ the actual volume of sorbent is obtained. Now
visually measure the level of wet sorbent residing in the bottom of the
graduated cylinder to obtain the observed volume of wet sorbent. By
subtracting the actual volume of sorbent from the observed volume of set
sorbent/ the volume of liquid sorbed by the sorbent is calculated. The
weighings and observations from the test procedure are entered onto a Sorption
Capacity Data Sheet - Vic •=»! Volume Test. Calculations are then made as
prescribed above and the sorption capacity is obtained as grams of hazardous
liquid per gram of dry sorbent or as pounds of hazardous liquid per cubic foot
of dry sorbent. The testing is performed in duplicate and the spent
sorbent/hazardous liquid mixture is disposed of in specially designated
wide-mouth waste disposal bottles. If the results from the duplicate tests
are not within 20% of each other/ a third test is conducted and the average
value and standard deviation reported.
Sorption Capacity Procedure for Pillow/ Pad/ and Hat Sorbents
For pillow/ pad or mat sorbents/ the following protocol is applied to
obtain the sorption capacity. A standard-sized (usually 15 cm on edge) piece
of sorbent is weighed and then placed in contact with hazardous liquid in a
glass tray. Excess liquid should be used to assure total saturation of the
sorbent. Room temperature is monitored and recorded. After a 2-hour
saturation/ the sorbent unit (pillow/ pad/ or mat) is removed by a corner of
the unit from the fluid in the tray. The fabricated unit must remain
handleable (without tearing) at the saturation point. The sorbent unit is
then hung from a special weighing assembly that includes a glass tray to catch
the drippings. Upon cessation of dripping (less than 1 drop/15 seconds)/ the
5-6
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sorbent unit is weighed with the glass tray (and drippings) removed {ran the
assembly. The weight is recorded at the time dripping stops as the maximum
practical pickup amount. The weighings obtained from the test protocol are
entered onto a Sorption Capacity Data Sheet - Pillow/Pad/Mat Test.
Calculations are then made as prescribed above and the sorption capacity is
obtained as grams of hazardous liquid retained per gram of dry sorbent or as
pounds of hazardous liquid per cubic foot of dry sorbent. The spent or loaded
sorbent is disposed of in specially designated wide-mouth waste disposal
bottles. Makeup fluid is added as required to the tray and the test is
repeated a second time with a new sorbent unit immersed in the hazardous
liquid. If the two values are not within 20% of each other, a third
measurement is conducted and the average value and standard deviation
reported.
ASTM F716-82
The purpose of the ASIW F716-82 test, method entitled, "Standard Methods
of Testing Sorbent Performance of Absorbents" is to. develop laboratory test
data which describe the psrformance of sorbent materials used to remove oils
and other compatible fluids from water. The method is described as being
useful vith particulate, pillow, pad/ or mat sorbents or sorbent booms of
different construction and materials. It is applicable to hazardous liquids
that float or sink in weter. The ASTM test method is one of the more
extensive of those identified and included in this presentation. While most
of the other test methcds consider only sorption capacity as a • measure of
performance, the ASTM t.est method also considers rate of release, penetration,
release to other materials, humidity/water resistance, and swelling. Swelling
would be of particular importance when immobilizing a liquid for the purpose
of landfilling. Rate of release data can be used to estimate the degree of
hazard in the case of flammable or otherwise hazardous substances.
GSA P-A-1056B
The General Services Administration (GSA) test method P-A-1056B entitled,
"Federal Specification, Absorbent Material, Oil and Water For Floors and
Decks" is designed to develop laboratory test data which describes the
performance of scrbent materials for use on floors and decks. The method may
be used with particulate sorbents of silicate mineral composition. It is
applicable to oil and water but can probably be applied to hazardous liquids
as well. Only a singio performance test is specified: sorption capacity.
VJESTINGHOUSE 4
Like the GSA Method, the Westinghouse Test Method is designed to develop
laboratory test data which describe the performance of sorbents for use on
floors and decks. The method may be used with particulate sorbents of
silicate mineral composition. It is applicable to oil or oily water mixtures,
but can probably be applied to hazardous liquids as well. This method tests
the single performance factor of sorption capacity.
5-7
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RENSSELAER
The Rensselaer Test Method was developed by workers at the Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in New York and published in the report entitled,
"Agents/ Methods and Devices for Amelioration of Discharges of Hazardous
Chemicals on Water" (Coast Guard Report No. CG-D-38-76, published in 1975).
The method may be used with particulate/ pillow/ pad, or mat sorbents or
sorbent boons of different construction and materials. It is applicable to
hazardous liquids that float in water or that are' spilled on land. The single
performance test measures sorption capacity.
USCG
This test method was developed at the Naval Ship Research and Development
Center and published in the report entitled/ "Investigation of Sorbents for
Removing Oil Spills from Waters" (Coast Guard Report No. 724220.1/2/1,
published in 1971). The method nay be used with particulate/ pillow/ pad, or
mat sorbents or sorbent booms of different construction and materials.
Although originally intended for testing sorbents used lor cleanup of oil
spills on water, this method is applicable to any hazardous liquid that floats
on water or is spilled on land.
ENVIRONMENT CANADA
This test method was developed for testing oil spill sorbents and is
detailed in three reports issued by Environment Canada entitled/ "Selection
Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents" (Technology
Development Report EPS-4-EC-76-5 published in 1976)/ "Selection Criteria and
Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents: An Update" (Technology
Development Report EPS 4-EC-78-8/ published in 1978) and "Selection Criteria
and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents: Update II" (Technology
Development Report EPS 4-EP-83-4/ published in 1983). This test method is
applicable to hazardous liquids that float or that are spilled on land.
Particulate/ pillow, pad, or mat sorbents or sorbent booms can be accommodated
by this test.
5-8
-------
SECTION 6 - SPILL SCENARIO RATIONALE
This section presents the rationale that was used for choosing the three
cleanup scenarios considered in this Manual: (1) spills onto land, (2)
floating spills into water/ and (3) disposal in landfills. All of the-e
scenarios represent situations where sortaents may be a viable method of spill
amelioration or containment for disposal. Other release scenarios/ such ;.s
release into air/ were rejected because' of the low probability of using
sorbents for amelioration of such .spills. An example of a scenario which was
not addressed is the spilling of a soluble hazardous substance into water/
since the use of hydrophobic sorbents/ used for gross cleanup of insoluble
hazardous liquids into water/ is relatively ineffective in these situations
compared with other techniques such aa carbon adsorption. In addition/ carbon
adsorption was defined to be beyond the scope of this Manual since
considerable data already exists on the subject and carbon adsorption is
usually .employed to polish an effluent stream, not to effect a gross cleanup
as would be the case with the sorbents considered in this Manual.
SPILL ONTO LAND
Sorbents can be quite effective for the cleanup of spills onto land/
particularly when the .size of the spill is small/ for example/ less than 500
gallons. In fact/ using sorbents for small spills is often the method of
choice because ether amelioration techniques are too expensive on a small
scale or are otherwise impractical. Unconfirmed analysis of spill size data
indicates that most spills are 100 Ibs or less and that most spills are onto
land. In light of the predominance of small spills onto land compared with
other spill sizes and medic/ it is appropriate to address this scenario via
the Manual.
FLOATING SPILL INTO WATER
Spills of hazardous substances into water are also common occurrences/
but as with spills onto land/ spills into water are usually small and probably
occur primarily during bulk cargo transfer operations. Small spills of
floating hazardous substances into water are generally most easily cleaned up
with sorbents. Other methods of cleanup are ineffective on this type of spill
because they generally collect large amounts of water with the recovered
hazardous substance/ thus requiring another separation step.
Care must be exercised when choosing a sorbent to clean up a floating
hazardous substance because there are two liquid phases involved, not a single
liquid phase as with a land spill. The sorbent must selectively sorb the
hazardous substance instead of water and must not sink. In other words/ only
6-1
-------
hydrophobia floating sorbents are considered for this scenario^ Also,
participate sorbents that float are not considered feasible since their
collection would be difficult. In a non-flowing or slow moving water body,
sorbent booms and pillow, pad, and mat sorbents can be effective. In a
flowing water body, sorbent boons may be effective depending on the water flow
and the size of the spill. Also, depending on the nature of the flowing water
body and the degree of containment rendered by the sorbent boom, pillow, pad,
or mat sorbents may be used effectively in a complementary role.
.LAMDFILLING
Landfills that accept containerized hazardous waste for disposal are
required to comply with EPA regulations (47 FR 32366, July 26, 1982) regarding
the disposal of those containers. Containers holding liquids or free liquids
must not be placed in a landfill unless, before placement, the liquids or free
liquids are treated or stabilized chemically or physically (e.g., by mixing
with a solid sorbent}, .so that free liquids are no longer present. Free
liquids tan thus be retained by a sorbent or otherwise immobilized. This
scenario is therefore addressed in the Manual so that a source of information
will be available to guide the user in the proper choice of sorbent for liquid
hazardous substance disposal.
6-2
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SECTION 7 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION
To develop the Sorbent Selection and Use Guides and the Sorbent . Data
Sheets, it was necessary to obtain or develop relevant data on both liquid
hazardous substances and sorbents. Data on CERCLA liquids were required to
identify the CERCLA hazardous liquids, their disposition upon release in the
environment, and their potential for cleanup or disposal through the use of
sorbents. Physical property data on specific gravity, aqueous solubility.
liquid surface tension, and viscosity were obtained (see Section 8). The
acquisition of these data involved the search of technical handbooks, manuals,
reports, and journals. A listing of the literature sources consulted for
liquid physical property data is as follows:
Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine Chemicals. Aldrich Chemical Company,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1982.
Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents. EPA 440/5-aO,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1980.
Bauer, W.H., Dorton, D.N.,. and J.J. Bueloff. Agents, Methods and Devices
for Ameliorization of Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals on Water.
CG-D038-76, U.S. Coast Guard, 1975.
Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS). United States Coast
Guard, 1978.
Clark, R.S., ed., Tables of Physical Properties. Union Carbics Chemicals
Company, South Charleston, Nest Virginia, 1960.
Fowkes, P.M., ed. Contact Angle, Wettability, and Adhesion.. Advances in
Chemistry Series 43. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.,
1964.
Hazardous Chemicals Data, NFPA-49. National Fire Protection Association,
1975.
Herrick- F.C., Carstea, D., and G. Goldgraben. Sorbent Materials for
Cleanup of Hazardous Spills. EPA-600/2-82-030, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1982.
Ketchen, F.E., and W.E. Porter Materials Safety Data Sheeto the Basis
for Control of Toxic Cnemicals. ORNL/TM-6981. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1979.
7-1
-------
Lange/ N./ ed. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, Ninth edition. McGraw-Hill
Book Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1956.
Lawless, E.W., Ferguson, T.L., and A.F. Meiners. Guidelines for the
Disposal of Small Quantities of Unused Pesticides. EPA---670/2-75-057,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio/ 1975.
MacKison, F.W., Stricoff, R.S. and L.J. Partridge, Jr., eds. MIOSH/OSHA
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. USDHHS, USDL, I960.
MelvolJ/ R.W., et.al. Flammable Hazardous Substances Emergency Response
Handbook: Control and Safety Procedures. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1982.
Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data System (OHM/TADS).
On-line data base available through the Chemical Information System
(CIS) jointly operated by EPA and NIH.
Robertson, L.A., Fuigar, M.F., and L.B. Solsberg. Selection Criteria and
Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents. EPS-4-EC-76-5/
Environment Canada, 1976.
Robertson, L.A. Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill
Sorbents: An Update. EPS-4-EP-78-8, Environment Canada, 1978.
Robertson, L.A. Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill
Sorbents: Update II. ES-4-EP-83-4, Environment Canada, 1983.
Rose, A., and E. Rose. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. Reinhold
Publishing Company, New York, New York, 1961.
Sax, I.N. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Fifth edition.
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York,, 1979.
Schatzberg, P. Investigation of Sorbents for Removing Oil Spills from
Waters. 724110.1/2/1, U.S. Coast Guard, 1971.
Timmermans, J. Physico-Chemical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds.
Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York, New York, 1950.
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York, 1977.
Ward, C.H., and W.W. Waggett. Research on Hazardous Substances in Support
of Spill Prevention Regulations. Department of Envirorcnental Science
and Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1982.
Weast, R.C./ ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 53 edition. The
Chemical Rubber Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1978.
Windholz, M., ed. The Merck Index/ Tenth edition. Merck and Co., Inc./
7-2
-------
Rahway, New Jersey/ 1983.
To fill data gaps from the literature sources, date fact sheets and
physical pVoperty information were solicited from chemical manufacturers of
CERCLA liquids. A number of these requests for standard product information
were productive in providing previously unobtainable data:
Allied Chemical, P.O. Box 1087R, Nichols 5/ Morristown/ NJ 07960
American Cyanamid Company/ Organic Chemicals Div., One Cyanamid
Plaza, Wayne, NJ 07470
Arco Chemical Company, 1500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19101
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, OH 43216
Chemcentral Corporation, 7050 W. 71st Street, Chicago, IL 60638
Columbia Organic Chemicals, 912 Drake Street, Columbia, SC 29205
Denka Chemical Corporation, 87C1 Park Place, Houston, TX 77017
Du Pont deKemours & Co., Technical Services Laboratory,
Chestnut Run, Wilmington, DE 19898
Eastman Kodak Co., 1669 Lake Avenue, Rochester, NY 14650
Ethyl Corporation, 8000 GSRI Avenue, Eaton Rouge, LA 70808
Jim Walter Resources, Inc., P.O. Box 5327, Bunringham, AL 35207
Monsanto Corporation, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63166
Occidental Chemical Corporation, Hooker Chemical Center, Box 728 •
Niagara Falls, NY 14302
Olin Chemicals, 120 Long Ridge Road, Stanford, CN 06904
Pennwalt Corp., Three Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Rohm and Haas Company, Independence Mall West, Philadelphia/ PA 19105
The Quaker Oats Company/ Chemicals Division/ P.O. Box 5514/
Merchandise Mart Station, Chicago/ IL 60654
A literature review was also conducted to obtain relevant sorbent:. data
and to identify commercially available sorbents and their manufacturers. This
effort included consideration of the types of sorbent/hazardous liquid
properties that would be incorporated into the data sheets. The following
publications served as sources of sorbent data:
Bauer/ W.H./ Borton, D.N., and J.J. Bueloff. Agents, Methods and Devices
for Amelioration of Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals on
Water. CG-DO38-76, U.S. Coast Guard, 1975.
Herrick, B.C., Carstea, D.,and G. Goldgraben. Sorbent Materials for
Cleanup of Hazardous Spills., EPA/600/2-82-030, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C./ 1982.
Robertson/ L.A., Fuigar/ M.F., and L.B. Solsberg. Selection Criteria and
Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents. EPS-4-EC-76-5,
Environment Canada, 1976.
Robertson/ L.A. Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill
7-3
-------
Sorbents: An Update. EPS-4-EP-78-8, Environment Canada/ 1978.
Robertson, L.A. Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill
Sorbents: Update II. ES-4-EP-83-4, Environment Canada, 1983.
Schatzberg, P. Investigation of Sorbents for Removing Oil Spills from
Waters. 724110.1/2/1, U.S. Coast Guard, 1971.
. Based on review of the available literature, data required for the
project were requested from sorbent manufacturers/producers. Sorbent
information, such as sorbent properties, sorbent type, sorbent form, .shelf
life, applicability to cited spill scenarios, uptake selectivity,
application/collection methods, and procurement information, was sought.
Application/collection information was also gathered to facilitate the
development of Section 3 of the Handbook. In addition, sorbent/hazardous
liquid pair data, such as sorption capacity (dry and presaturated), retention
capacity, methods for analysis, sorbent compaction and volume increase data,
performance parameters (environmental effects and preconditioning
requirements), and safety procedures/precautions were requested. Responses
generally provided very little new technical data. The following sorbent
manufacturers/producers provided information considered useful to the project:
American Vermiculite Corp., 52 Executive Park South, Atlanta, GA 30329
Andersite of California, Inc., ]260 South Goodrich Blvd., Los
Angeles, CA 90022
Anderson Cob Mills, Inc., P.O. Box 119, Maumee, OH 43537
Anschutz Minerals Corp., P.O. Box 230, Ochlocknee, GA 31773
Breg-O-S, Inc., Suite 28A, 45 East 89th Street, New York, NY 10020
Clark-Cutler-McDermott Co., P.O. Box 269, Franklin, MA 02038
Clean Water, Inc., P.O. Box 1002, Court House Square, Toms River,
NJ 08753
Conwed Corp., 444 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 43237, St. Paul, MN 55164
Crown-Zellerbach, 3720 Grant St., tJashougal, WA 9867.1
Diamond Shamrock Corp., Soda Products Div., 351 Phelps Court,
Irving, TX 75051
Dow Chemical Co., 2020 Dow Center, Midland, MI 48640
Eastern Wood Fibers, Inc., 8245 Dorsey Run Road, Jessup, MD 20794
Emco, Inc., 1015 Louisiana Street, Little Rock, AR 72202
Envirosorb Co., 8128 W. 187th S.W., Edmonds, WA 90020
Excel Mineral, 111 S. La Patera Lana, Goleta, CA 93116
Filter Media, Inc., P.O. Box 19156, Houston, TX 77024
Floridin Co., Three Penn Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15235
Georgia Kaolin Co., 433 N. Broad Street, Elizabeth, NJ 07207
Geotech Development Corp., 630 Valley Forge Plaza Bldg.,
King of Prussia, PA 19406
J.V. Manufacturing, ARG-Dri Div., P.O. Box 371, De Pere, WI 54115
Lowe's, Inc., 21525 Allegheny Street, Cassopolis, MI 49031
Oil-Dri Corporation, 520 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611
Petro-Trap, P.O. Box 157, Westport, MA 02790
R.B.H. Cybernetics Ltd., P.O. Box 4205, Postal Station "A",
7-4
-------
Victoria, B.C., Canada V8X 3X8
Radecca, Inc., 8501 Mo-Pac Blvd., P.O. Box 9948, Austin, TX 78766
Sea Clean Inc., 7000 S.W. 62nd Avenue, Suite 555, Miami, FL 33143
Sorbent Products Co., P.O. Box 174, Maplewood, NJ 07040
Spill Control Co., Sorbent Sciences Div., 828 N. Grand Avenue-
Covina, CA 91724
Terra Nova Power & Development Ltd., P.O. Box 13531, St. Johns,
Newfoundland, Canada AlB 4B8
3M, Occupational Health end Safety Products Div., 3M Center,
St. Paul, MN 55144
Waverly Minerals, 555 City Line Avenue, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
7-5
-------
Section 8 - CERCLA LIQUID CHEMICAL INFORMATION
This section presents physical property data for the CERCLA liquids.
Four physical properties, namely, specific gravity, solubility in water,
viscosity, and surface tension are considered significant in influencing the
sorption of a liquid by a sorbent. These data were used in estimating
sorption capacity values based on extrapolations from experimental data (see
Section 2) artel are presented in tabular form in Table 8-1 so that the user can
make comparisons among CERCLA liquids with similar physical properties for the
same purpose. Additionally, the data en liquid specific gravity when used in
conjunction with sorbent density (from the Sorbent Data Sheets) and sorption
capacity (from Table 2-1) can be used to calculate the volume of
sorbent/hazardous liquid after cleanup for the purpose of estimating disposal
needs.
Table 8-1 is organized alphabetically by CERCLA liquid chemical class
followed by the hazardous liquid CERCLA name, alphabetically in each class,
and the CAS Registry number. The remaining columns contain the physical
property data. The qualitative solubility data is either "soluble" (i.e.,
solubility equal to or greater than 1%) or "insoluble" (i.e., solubility less
than 1%). Each of the four salient physical properties, their significance
and the manner in which each influences cleanup by sorption are discussed in
the following paragraphs.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to that
of water and, as a result, is unitless. Since density varies with
temperature/ the temperatures of the substance and the water are sometimes
given. Specific gravity is typically expressed in terms of water at 4 C, the
temperature at which water has its greatest density.
A specific gravity greater than unity indicates that the substance is
denser than water and will sink in water. A substance with a specific gravity
less than unity will float on water. The actual distribution in the water
column of a substance whose specific gravity is near unity will depend on the
infli-ence of temperature and the density of the water, an well as currents and
wave action. For example, a spill of a substance with a specific gravity of
0.999 would actually sink in water wanner than about 16 C, albeit quite
slowly. On the other hand, a spill of a substance with a specific gravity of
1.02 would be expected to sink in fresh water but might actually float in sea
water. The specific gravities of the CERCLA liquids range from 0.68 to 13.5.
Specific gravity is not considered to influence the rate of corption as
8-1
-------
much as surface tension and viscosity. However, if two liquids exhibit
similar surface tensions and viscosities, their sorption capacities will be
influenced by specific gravity.
SOLUBILITY IN WATER '
The solubility of a substance in water is a measure of the maximum
quantity of the substance that can dissolve in a given amount of water under a
particular set of conditions. Water temperature and the presence of other
solutes influence solubility. Aqueous solubility generally increases for
liquids as water temperature increases. The presence of other solutes
depresses solubility. For the purposes of this Manual, solubility is
expressed in parts per million on a weight tesis. The solubilities of the
CERCLA liquids range from 0.02 ppm to complete miscibility.
The solubility of a substance will influence its behavior when spilled
into water. In addition, the relative sizes of the spill and the water body
into which the spill occurs will also influence spill behavior. For example,
a small spill of a substance with a low aqueous solubility into a large body
of water may dissolve totally while a spill of a substance of a much higher
solubility into a small body of water may produce two phases.
The degree of turbulence and other mixing processes in the body of water
will also influence the rate of dissolution. Vigorous i.-rdng will pnhance the
rate of dissolution, while quiescent conditions wiJl protract the Lime
required for equilibrium conditions to be achieved.
The aqueous solubility of a substance may be used c.s an indicator of its
degree of polarity which may influence the choice of sorbent. Substances that
are highly soluble in water have polar functional groups and they generally
would be easily sorbed by hydrophilic sorbents. Of course, in an aqueous
system a hydrophilic sorbent would also sorb water. On the other hand, a
substance of very low solubility in water is nonpolar and would best be sorbed
by oleophilic or hydrophobic sorbents.
SURFACE TENSION
Surface tension/(or surface free energy) is an internal force that causes
the surface of a liquid to curve near the walls of its container and to form
rounded drops when riot in a container. Surface tension is the force per unit
length on the plane of the surface, usually expressed in dynes/cm. The range
of surface tensions of the CERCLA liquids is 5 to 100 dynes/on, excluding
mercury (484.0 dynes/cm). For reference, the surface tension of water is 72
dynes/cm at 25 C.
Surface tension determines the degree to which a liquid substance spreads
on or "wets" the surface of a solid. For the same solid surface, a liquid of
high surface tension will not spread as much as a liquid with low surface
tension. For example, mercury, with a surface tension of 484 dynes/cm at 15 C
does not spread on a clean glass surface, but maintains a droplet shape. On
the other hand, water easily spreads into a film on a clean glass surface.
8-2
-------
Another example is the nonwetting of wax paper by water compared to a liquid
with a smaller surface tension, like ethanol (surface tension = 22.3
dynes/cm).
Significant wetting of a liquid on a solid surface will only occur when
the surface energy of the solid is greater than the surface tension of the
liquid. For example, Teflon has a very low surface energy and few liquids can
wet or spread on such a surface.
Surface tension, in part, determines whether or not a particular sorbent
will be effective. In order for the sorbent to be effective the hazardous
liquid must wet the sorbent surface. If the liquid cannot wet the sorbent,
the sorbent is rendered ineffective because the liquid blocks the sorbent
pores, preventing liquid from being drawn into the interstices of the sorbent.
Sorbents constructed of materials with surface free energies lower than
the surface tension of water (e.g., polyethylene) will selectively sorb
liquids of lower surface tension in a two-phase liquid system where one of the
phases is water. Sorbents with surface free energies greater than the surface
tension of water can be wetted with water, and if this happens prior to
contact with a spilled material of lower surface tension relative to water,
the sorbent will be rendered ineffective because of its saturation with water.
VISCOSITY
The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the forces that work against
movement or flow when a shearing ecress is applied. A typical unit of
viscosity is the centipoise (cp). The range of viscosities of the CERCLA
liquids is 0.01 to 58 cp. For reference purposes, the viscosity of water is 1
cp at 20°C, and the viscosity of 10-weight motor oil is about 100 cp at 20°C.
Viscosity is inversely related to temperature. For example, v^ter is half as
viscous at 55°C cs it is at 20°C. The relative influence of temperature on
viscosity is greater for highly viscous substances than for less viscous
substances.
Viscosity is an important consideration during the cleanup of a spill
with sorbents. While viscosity plays a role in the maximum sorption capacity
achievable by a sorbent, its most significant effect is on the rate of
sorption (Ref. 9). In other words, it will take longer to sorb a substance at
0°C, than it will at 20°C, but the amount of hazardous liquid per unit of
sorbent will be nearly the same (note that an increase in temperature also
decreases surface tension which may influence uorption capacity).
Substances with relatively low viscosities will have a greater tendency
to drain from the sorbent during collection compared with more viscous
substances. The degree to which this happens depends also on the properties
of the sorbent, such as pore size and surface area.
8-3
-------
TABLE 8-1. CERCLA HAZARDOUS
LIQUID PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
! !
1
Guide !
Number! CERCLA Class
i
1 JAcldlc compounds,
•Inorganic
1 {Acidic compounds.
{inorganic
i
1 {Acidic compounds.
'inorganic
J
1 {Ac Idle compounds.
{inorganic
J
1 [Acidic compounds,
{inorganic
i
1 [Acidic compounds,
{inorganic
00 1 {Acidic compounds.
.£. {inorganic
1 [Acidic compounds.
{inorganic
i
2 'Acidic compounds.
{organic
i
2 {Acidic compounds,
{organic
i
J
2 {AclJlc compounds,
{organic
i
2 {Acidic compounds,
'organic
i
2 JAcldlc compounds,
'organic
i
i
2 {Acidic compounds.
{organic
j
2 {Acidic compounds,
.'organic
i
2 {Acidic compounds,
{organic {
i
i
Hntardous Liquid Name
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Nitric acid
Nitrogen dioxide
Phosphoric acid
Selenlous acid
Sulfurlc acid
Acetic acid
.
Acetic anhydride
Acrylic acid
Butyric acid
Qtloroaulfonlc acid
Dodecylbenzensulfonic acid
Foraic acid
Propionic acid
1
•
CAS No.
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7654-39-3
7697-37-2
1C102-44-0
7664-38-2
7783-00-8
7664-93-9
64-19-7
108-24-7
79-10-7
107-92-6
7790-94-5
27176-87-0!
i
i
64-1 8-6 j
1
1
79-09-4 j
i
SpeclflcjSolubllity
Gravity (ppm)
i
1.19! 832000
}
0.69[ Hisc
j
(
0.99{ Hlsc
1
1
1.50J Hlsc
i
1.A5J Dec
i
i
i
1.87[ Hlsc
i
i
i
3.00{ 270000
i
1.84{ Hlsc
I
1
1.05| Misc
i
i
i
1.08! 120000
I
i
i
1.10{ Mlsc
I
1
1
1
0.96! Hisc
f
i
i
i
1.76! Dec
i
i
t
i
1.02{ Mlsc
i
i
i
i
1.22{ Mlsc
i
0.99! Mlsc
Surface
Tension
(dynes/cm
70.0
18.2
8.6
42.7
27.5
55.1
27.8
32.7
28.1
26.7
37.6
27.2
Viscosity
(cp)
25.4
0.29
0.3
1.7
28.5
25.4
1.3
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.1
(contim
-------
TABLE 8-1. (continued)
1 1
Guide i' j
Number! CERCLA Class i Hazardous Liquid Naoo
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
00
i «
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
S
S
6
6
6
| j
{Acidic compounds, {Proplonlc anhydride
{organic j
! " i
.Alcohols t glycol* jl-Bulanol
i i
JAlcohol* t gl.-cols JAllyl alcohol
JAlcohols 4 glycols jlsobutyl alcohol
i i
! Alcohol* S glycol* JHtthanol
i i
i i •
{Alcohol* & glycol* {Fropargyl alcohol
1 i
i i
{Alcohol* t glycol* {Xylenol
i i
i i
{Aldehyde* JAcetaldehyde
i i
i i
jAIdchvde* {Acroleln
! i
{Aldehydes jChlorsl J
i i If
• Aldehydes jChloroacet'aldehyde
i i
JAldehydes jCrotonaldehyde
i i
{Aldehydes {Endrln aldehyde
i i
i i
{Aldehydes {Furfural
i i
i i
JAldehydes JGlycldylsdehyde
i i
JAldehydes jParaldehyde
i i
j Aliphatic hydroccrbons'Cyclohexane
j Aliphatic hydrocarbons! 1,3-Pentadlene
i i
'Aliphatic hydrocarbons jlsopreno
i i
JAllphailea, j 1,1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
'halogenated j
{Allphatlcs, {1.1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane
'halogenated j
i 1
i i
.'Allphatlcs, jl, 1,2-Trlchloroethane
{halogenaled j
i i
i i
i
CAS No.
123-62-6
71-63-3
107-1 H-6
78-83-1
67-56-1
107-19-7
1300-71-6
75-07-0
107-02-8
75-87-6
107-20-0
4170-30-3
930-55-2
98-01-1
765-34-4
123-63-7
110-82-7
504-60-9
78-79-5
630-20-6
79-34-5
j { Surface
Specif IcJSoIuhlllty! Tension
Gravity J (ppn) !( dynes/cm)
i i
l.Olj Dec! 10.0
i i
0.81J 77000 j 24.6
i i
0.82! Mine! 25.8
0.81 { 40000,' 23.0
1 i
0.79J Mitel* 22.6
i i
0.97J Hlscj
l.Ol! Sol! 30.0
i i
i t
0.78! Hlsci 21.2
i i
0.84J 40000o| 24.0
i i
i i
1.5l{ I4740{ 25.3
I i
, I i
1.19! 10000J
i !
0.85! 153000!
i i
>1 { Insol!
i i
1.16', 83000 i 43.5
i i
i i
1.10J Solj
i i
0.99! 120000! 25.9
i i
0.78! 55{ 25.5
i i
0.69! Innol!
i i
0.68J I00{ 16.9
1 i
1.53J 2600!
i i
i i
1.59! 2857J 36.0
i i
I i
i i
Vlscoklty
i(cp)
1.1
2.9
1.4
4.7
0.6
1.7
0.2
0.3
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.2
1.8
79-00-5 1.44! 4500{ 22. Oj 1.2
j i j (continued)
it i i
-------
il
«u!?i>er, CERCLA Class
6 Ullphatics.
[haloge-ated
i
i
6 jAllphatlcs.
'halogenated
i
i
6 [Aliphatic*.
lhalogenated
i
6 [Alip Jtlcs,
[hnlogenatcd
i
6 [AHphstlcs,
i
6 [Allphatlcs,
'halogerated
i
i
6 JAllphatlca,
1 halogenated
i
i
6 jAHphatlca,
Jhalogcnated
i
i
6 jAllphatlrs,
Jhalogenated
i
i
6 JAllphatlcs,
Jhalogcnated
i
i
6 {Aliphatic*.
[halogens ted
i
6 {Aliphatic*.
! halogenated
6 [Allphatlcs,
Jhalogenatcd
6 [Allphatlcs.
! halogenated
i
i
6 JAllphatlcs.
[halogenated
i ' '
i • • - '
6 [Aliphatlci.
lhalogenatrd
i
TABLE 8-1. (continued
Hazardous Liquid Name
I , 1-Dlchloroethane
1 , 2"Dlbrooo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Trana-dlchloroethylene
1 , 3-Dlehloropropene
1.4-Dlcliloro-2-butene
2,2~tlchloroprop.'.onlc acid
Acetyl broaide
.
Acetyl chloride
Allyl chloride
Bcnzenesulfonyi chlouj*
Bls(2-chloroethoxy)nethane
'
Broaoform
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chlorodibrox one thane
Chloroethane
Chlorofora
'
CAS No.
75-34-3
96-12-8
156-60-5
542-75-6
764-41-0
•
75-99-0
506-96-7
75-36-5
107-05-1
98-09-9
111-91-1
75-25-2
56-23-5
124-48-1
75-00-3
67-66-3
i
Specific
Gravity
1.17
2.09
1.2'
1.22
1.19
1.39
1.52
1.10
0.94
1.38
1.23
2.89
1.59
2.38
0.92
1.48
i
i
i
Solubility
(ppn)
5500
Insol
600
2800
.
2000
450000
Dec
Dec
100
Insol
81000
3190
SOO
Insol
5700
7365
i
Surface !
Tension
(tlyticfi/cm)
24.8
31.2
24.0
'
26.7
28.9
41.5
27.0
19.5
.
- 77.1
i
Viscosity
(cp)
0.5
0.8
1.0
0.4
3.9
1.9
1.0
0-8
0.6
.
(continued)
-------
TABLE 8-1. (continued)
Guide ! !
Nuaber! CERCLA Class { Hazardous Liquid Kane
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Cyanogen chloride
Ihalogenated j
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Dlchlorobrocoaethane
Ihalogenated j
i I
i i
6 {Allphatlcs, {Dichloropropane
ihalogenated '(all Isoocrs)
I i
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Dlchloropropene
{halogens ted {(all Isoaers)
i i
i i
6 {/Jtiphatic*, • {Dichloropropene-dlchloropropane
,'halogenated [mixture
i •
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Dlnethyl carbanoyl chloride
ihalogenated j
i :
6 {Aliphatic*, {Ethylene dibroalde
ihalogenated {
i . i
1 6 {Aliphatic*, JEthylene dlchlorlde
-J ihalogenated i
i i
i . i
6 {Allphatlcs, jllexachlorobutadlene
Ihalogenated I
i i
i i
6 'Allphatlcs, {Hcxachlorocyclopentadlene
ihalogenated I
i i
6 .'Aliphatic* , {Hexachloropropene
jhalogenated I
i i
i i
6 jAl.'phatlcs, {Methyl chloroform
ihalogenated I
i i
i i
6 .'Aliphatic*, {Methyl Iodide
ihalogenated 1
i i
i t
6 {Aliphatic*, iKethylene tronlde
{halogenatcd I
i i
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Methylene chloride
jhalogenated 1
i i
i i
6 {Aliphatic*, {Pentachlorocthane
ihalogenated j
i i
i i
CAS No.
506-77-4
75-27-4
26638-19-7
26952-23-8
8003-19-8
79-44-7
106-93-4
107-05-2
87-68-3
77-47-4
1888-71-7
71-55-6
74-88-4
74-95-3
75-09-2
76-01-7
.
Specific
Gravity
1.19
1.97
1.16
1.22
1.19
1.68
2.17
1.26
1.67
1.71
1.76
1.34
2.28
2.50
1.32
1.67
1
Solubility
(ppa)
30000
4700
2700
Insol
1000
Sol
4310
8690
5
0.8
Insol
4400
160 JO
11700
20000
500
Surface !
Tension
(dynes/en)
24.6
29.0
31.2
28.9
38.8
32.2
35.3
37.5
38.1
25.4
25.8
26.5
Viscosity
(cp)
0.9
1.7
0.8
2.5
0.5
1.1
0.5
(con£
-------
T
00
Guide
Number
6
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
j
! CERCLA Clas*
! Aliphatic*.
ihalogenated
i
i
{Aliphatic*.
ihalogenated
i
i
{Aliphatic*.
Ihalogenated
i
i
{Aliphatic*.
ihalogenated
i
i
{Aliphatic*.
Ihalogenated
i
i
iAnldcs, anllide*.
! 1 idle*
i
JAnlnea, alkyl
i
JAnlne*. alkyl
i
i
iAnlnec, alkyl
JAnlne*. alkyl
1
1
I Aalnes, alkyl
i
JADlnes. alkyl
JAalnes, alkyl
i
lAainea, alkyl
i
jAmines, alkyl
i
i
! Amines, aryl
i
i
! Amines, aryl
i
'lAalnes, aryl
[Amines, aryl
i
lAnines, aryl
i
i
! Amines, aryl
i
! Amines, aryl
i
, TABLE 8-1. (continue
j
! Hazardous Liquid Nane
iPropylene dlchloride
j
i
i
'Tetrachloroethylene
i
i
•Trlchloroethylene
JTrlchloroaonofluroae thane
i
i
i
i
jVlnylldene chloride
i
J
i
{Octanethylpyprophorphoraiclde
i
i
!l,2-Fropylenlmlne
i
! Butyl aalne
i
i
'Dlethylamlne
'Dlpropylamlne
i
i
{Ethylenedla^lne
{Ethylenelalne
{Monoethylanlne
i
!K-Propylanlne
i
i
{Trlethylaalne
i
iAnlline
i
i
!2,4,5-T Anlne*
j2-Picollnc
I
1
lalpha.alpha-Diaethylphcnethylaffline
JMethapyrlllne
i
{Nicotine & Salta
i
Jpyridlne
i
d)
CAS No.
78-87-5
127-18-4
79-01-6
75-69-4
75-25-4
152-16-9
75-55-8
109-73-9
109-89-7
142-84-7
107-15-3
151-56-4
75-04-7
107-10-8
121-44-8
62-53-3
2008-46-0
109-06-8
122-09-8
91-80-5
54-11-5
110-86-1
i i
Speclflcisolubllltyi
Gravity ', (ppa) ',
1.16J
1
1
1
1.63!
1
1
1
1.46J
i
i
i
1.49J
i
i
1.21*
i
i
i
1.09J
1
1
1
O.EOj
0.74J
i
0.71!
1
0.741
1
I
0.90!
1
1
0.83!
I
1
0.69!
i
i
0.721
i
0.73!
|
1.02!
1
1
1-75!
i
i
0.95!
i
>i i
i
l.Olj
1
0.9s!
I
1
2700]
!
150|
i
t
1000|
1
1
1
1
1100;
I
1
i
400 i
i
i
Hlsc!
!
Ml!tc!
1
1
Mlsc'
1
1
Mlscj
KlscJ
i
i
Kfsc!
i
Mlsc!
i
Mlsc',
1
Mlsc!
i
i
15000{
I
35000!
1
1
Insoli
1
1
Mlsc!
)
1
soi;
1
soil
Mlr.c|
i
j
!
Surface
Tension Vlscoelty
(dynos/cml! (cp)
29.0
31.3
29.3
23.0
24.0
25.0
19.7
16.4
6.6
40.8
34.5
20.4
57.7
20.7
45.5
38.6
38.0
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
1.7
0.3
0.4
0.9
4.4
1.0
(continued)
-------
09
Guide
Nuaber
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
I | lt\BL,C. O-l. V '-'-""- A'IUi !
i
i
1.29!
i
i
1.30!
1 •
1.30!
0.89!
1.06J
1
J
60000! 45.0
i
t
1780! 28.9
i
7122! 13.0
i
i
50! 28.2
i
Insolj
i
i
152[ 29.2
i
i
InsolJ
i
Tnsolt
t
i
280; 32.2
i
i
515! 29.0
1
186[ 28.5
i
i
Ineol!
1
i
28500J 42.3
i
i
InsolJ
Dec!
i
Dec[ 35.3
i
33! 37.6
1
1
500! 33.6
t
1
Insol!
i
i
123!
1
1
lOOj 37
*
i
0.2! ^5.3
i
MlscJ
i
293000!
i
i
i
i
Viscosity
(cp)
0.6
0.7
12.0
0.7
0.7
4.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
4.1
2.6
1.2
0.01
0.8
1.3
;o.o
(continued)
-------
Guide
Nuobcr
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
IS
15
IS
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
IS
i • -
j
! CERCLA Class
'Cyanates I isocyanates
i
X«7UJ4WJ> fc* A * ^\BW* It. ^.itva,w.
|
[ Hazardous LI quid Kaoc
r
! Methyl Isocyonate
i
iCyanates & lsoeyanates[Tolucne dllsocyanate
{Cyanides & nitrites
|
[Cyanides & nltrlles
|
{Cyanides 4 nitrites
|
f
{Cyanides t nltrlles
|
! Cyan Ides & nltrlles
i
i
{Cyanides S nltrlles
|
{Cyanides & nltrlles
i
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
iEsters & ethers
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
|
|
jEsters 4 ethers
i
{Esters & ethers
i
t
{Esters & ethers
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
i
[Esters 6 ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
i
{Esters & ethers
i
i
{Esters & ethers
!
{3-Chloroproplonltrlle
i
i
{Acetone cyanohydrln
i
{Acetonltrlle
i
{Acrylonltrile
i
i
{Benzonltrlle
i
{Ethyl cyanide
i
J Me th«cryloni trlle
i
{2.4,5-TP Acid esters
i
i
{2.4,5-T Esters
{2,4-D Esters
i
i
!l.4-Dloxane
i
i
[Anyl acetate
i
!Bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
! Butyl acetate
i
[Butyl benzyl phthalate
i
jDl-n-butylphthalate
i
i
!Di-n-octylpM!.alate
i
{Di ethyl phthalate
i
JDlocthyl yhth late
i
t
{Ethyl acetate
i
[Ethyl acrylate
[Ethyl ether
i
[Ethyl nethacrylate
j
! [ ' Surface
!Sprclflc[Solublllty! Tension
CAS No. [Gravity j (ppn) [(dyncs/cn)
i
624-83-9J
584-84-9 !
i
542-76-7 !
i
75-86-5!
i
i
75-05-8 !
I
i
107-13-1 !
i
i
100-4 7-0[
i
107-1 2-OJ
I
1
126-98-7{
JIA1
i
93-79-8 J
i
94-11-1 J
i
i
123-91 -lj
i
i
62S-63-7!
i
t
U7-81-?;
1
123-86-4 j
i
85-63-7!
i
i
84-74 -2,1
i
117-84-0!
i
i
64-66-2!
i
i
i
141-78-*!
i
140-38-5!
i
60-29-7!
i
97-63-2!
i
i
i j
i
i
1.25!
1
I
1.23J
t
1.03!
t
t
0.88 1
• i
i
0.93!
i
0.88!
i
1.12!
i
i
1.04J
0.99J
i
1.23J
t
1.19J
i
0.90;
1
0.94J
I
0.71J
1
0.91 {
1
1
1
1
Dec! 25.0
i
i
43062{
i
Mlscj 30.4
i
i
Klscj 29.3
i
73500! 27.3
i
10000! 34.7
1
1
119000! 27.3
I
1
16200J 24.4
i
i
Insol!
i
i
10!
I
1
10,
1
Misci 33.4
i
t
1800 1 12.0
i
i
2000! 15.0
1
14000! 24.6
1
3!
1
400j 34.0
1
1
3{ 15.0
i
i
896 ! 37.5
i
4300!
I
90000[ 23.9
I
20000J 25.0
I
84300! 17.0
1
Insol!
i
i
'iscoslty
(CD)
1.8
S.O
0.3
0.?
1.2
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.0
57.0
0.7
46.4
20.0
58.0
12.0
17.2
0.5
0.6
0.2
(continued)
-------
Cjlde
Nuober
1)
1$
IS
IS
IS
IS
15
16
1C
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
! CERCU Clan
i
[Estera & ethers
i
iCsters 4 ethers
i
{Estera & etherc
i
i
{Esters & ethers
JEster* t ethers
i
i
fEscers & ethers
t
{Esters & ethers •
i
i
[Ethers, halogenated
i
{Ethers, halogenated
i
i
[Ethers, halogenated
i
i
jEthers, halogenated
i
,Ethers, halogenated
i
[Ethers, halogenated
i
i
[Ethers, halogenated
i
[Ethers, haloger.ated
i
iHalldes, inorganic
i
i
[Halldes, Inorganic
i
i
,'llalldei., inorganic
JH.illdes, inorganic
{Halldes, inorganic
i
iHeavy Metals
i
iHeavy Metals
i
i
[He/ivy Metals
i
[Heavy Metalt
t
TABLE 8-1. (continue
[ Hazardous Liquid NJOC
i
[Ethyl aethar.vsulfonate
iEthyl-4,i'dlchlorot>cnzllate
i
[Furan
i
i
JM-thyl chlorocarbor.ste
i
[Methyl nct)i.i:rylat«
i
[Tetrahydiofuran
i
i .
[Vinyl acetate
i
i
[2-chloroethyl vinyl ether
i
i
[4-Bromophcnyl phcnyl ether
i
i
j4-Clilorophenyl phenyl ether
i
t
!Bis(2-chloroethyl) t:h»r
i
i
iBls(2-chlorolsopropyI) ether
i
i
[Bla(chloroaeth)l) ether
i
[Chloroacthyl methyl ether
i
[Ertchlcrohvdrin
i
jAntinony per.tachlorlde
i
[Arsenic trichloride
i
i
[Phosphorus oxychlorlde
i
iPhosphorus trichloride
i
i
JSulfur oonochloride
i
[Dlethylarslne
i
i
[Lead fluoborate
!(51Z aquccus solution)
i
i
[Mercury
[Nickel carbonyl
i
i)
CAS Mo.
62-50-0
510-15-6
110-00-9
79-22-1
80-62-6
109-99-9
103-05-4
110-75-8
101-55-3
7005-72-3
111-44-4
'.08-60-1
542-88-1
107-30-2
106-89-8
7647-18-4
7784-34-1
10025-87-3
7719-12-2
12771-08-3
692-42-2
13814-96-5
7439-97-6
13463-39-3
! ! Surface !
SpeclflciSolubllity! Tension
Gravity J (ppm) ! (dynes/en)
1.20!
1
>» !
i
k»
i
i
1.22!
0.9s!
1
0.89J
0.93!
I
1
1.05'
1
1
1
>1 1
1
1.22!
1
i.ii!
I
I
1.31!
1
i.o?i
t
1.18!
2.35!
t
2.16[
1
I
1.68!
1
1.57J
1.68!
i
i
1.13!
1
>i i
i
i
13.5!
1.3*j
i
3oi!
i
Insolj
i
10000 [ 24.1
i
i
Sol! 26.0
i
15000; 28.0
i
i
Kiscj ' 28.0
2SOOO[ 24.0
15000[ 28.8
1
5[
1
3[
1
1
10200! 37.9
t
1700!
1
1
22000!
i
5000 ! 30.0
i
66[ 37.0
Dec[' 15.0
I
Decj 20.0
1
Dcc[
i
Dec! 25.6
I
Dccj
-' 1 '
'." 1
InsolJ
MlscJ
[
0.02! '84.0
180! 15.9
i
Viscosity
(ep)
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
3.0
2.3
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.5
1.2
. 1.6
(continued)
i i
-------
TABLE 8-1. (continue^!
i i
Guide ! !
Kjaber! CERCLA Claai Hazardout Liquid Name
IS
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
?• 20
10 20
20
2')
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
•
{Heavy Metal*
i
i
fHydrazines ft
Jhydrazlde*
i
iHydrazlnes ft
Jhydrazldes
IHydrazlnes ft
ihydrazldes
i
iHydrazlnes ft
Jhyarazldes
iHydrazlnes ft
ihydrazldes
i
jKetones
t
i
|Ke tones
§
i
!Ke tones
jKetones
!Ketones
i
i
Uetcnes
i
iKetones
i
{Kltro/nltroso
! compounds
[Nltro/nltroBO
icoa pounds
i
jNItro/nltroso
I coa pounds
i
iKltro/nltroso
[con pounds
i
i
iNltro/nitroso
Jcos pounds
i
,'Nl tro/nltroso
icon pounds
i
i
etraethyl lead
,1-Dloethylhydrazlne
,2-Dlmethylhydrazlne
Hydrazlne
Methyl hydrazlne
N,N'-Dlelhyl hydrazlne
Acetone
Acetophcnone
). oooacetone
Cyclohexanone
Isophorone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
2-Mltropropane
Nitrobenzene
Tet rani t rone thane
"** ~ — - . ..... _
N-H1 1 roso-n-oethylurca
N-Sltresodl-n-pro^ylacinr
K-Kltrosodletl.anolaiMnc
> j ! | Surface j
iSpeclflciSolubllity! Tension
CAS No. [Gravity | (ppa) '(dynen/cn)
i
78-00-2 !
i
57-1 4-7*1
1
1
1
540-73-8 j
i
i
I
i
302-01-2!
1
t
1
60-34-4!
i
i
1615-80-1 !
i
i
67-64-1 !
98-85-2 j
598-31-2!
i
i
108-94-1 !
i
i
78-59-1 !
1
78-93-3 J
i
iOS-10-l!
1
1
79-46-9!
i
i
i
i
98-95-3 !
i
i
509-14-8!
i
i
i
684-93-5!
I
t
621-64-7!
j
11 16-54-7 j
*
i
1.63J
i
0.79*!
1
1
1
0.83!
1
1
1
1
l.OOj
1
1
1
o.eai
j
o.eoi
i
i
0.79[
1
1-03J
1.63!
t
I
0.95,'
i
i
0.92J
0.81!
i
o.so!
i
0.9&!
1
1
1
1
1.21J
1
1
1.65J
i
i
i
>i !
i
i
0.92!
j
l.OOj
1
1
1
30j 28.5
Hlsc! 28.0
1
I
1
Misc!
i
i
i
Misc! 91.5
1
1
1
Misc! 34.3
i
Sol!
i
i
i
Misc! 23.7
i
5 500 j 39.8
Sol!
i
i
150000! 34.0
i
12000! 32.3
Misc! 24.6
I
19100! 23.6
i
16030! 30.0
i
i
1900! 43.9
1
1
Insolj
i
i
i
soij
i
i
9900!
|
Solj
i
Viscosity
(cp)
1.0
0.9
0.3
1.6
2.2
2.. 6
0.4
0.5
2.0
1.8
(continued)
-------
1
Guide !
Number! CERCLA Class
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
:2
T2
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
25
'Hltro/oltroso
jcoa pound*
i
i
|N1 tro/nltroto
J con pounds
i
[Nltro/nltroBO
icon pounds
i
i
iNUro/nltroso
' coo pounds
jorganophosphatea
i
i
'Organophosphatea
i
iOrganophosphatea
i
iOrganophosphates
i
iOrganophnsphates
i
'organophojphates
iOrganophosphatea
i
i
iOrganophosphates
iOrganophosphates
i
JOrganophosphacea
i
!0rganophoaphates
i
i
iOrganophosphatea
i
i
iOrganophosphates
i
{Oxides, alkylene
,'Oxides, alkylene
i
JOxides. alkylene
i
{Peroxides
t
[Peroxides
jrhenolft & cresols
i
i TABLE 8-1 . (continue
' Hazardous Liquid Kaee
iN-Nltroffodlethylaalne
i
i
jN-Nltrosodlnethylaainc
i
i
i
i
iN-Nitrosomethylvinylaaiine
i
i
i
iN-Nltrosopyrrolldine
i
i
i
!Dlnzinon
i
i
jDlchlorvos
i
lDicthyl-p-nitrophcnyl phosphate
i
iDllsopropyl fluorophosphate
lEthlon
i
i
'Hexaethyl tctraphosphate
t
iKalathlon
i
i
jMcvinphos
i
i
|0(0-Diethyl-0-pyraxinyl phosphorothloate
10,0-Diethyl-S-oethyl dlthlophosphate
i
i
JParathlon
i
jTetraethyl pyrophosphatc
i
i
iTtctraethylditMopyrophosphate
i
jEthylenc oxide
i
fPropylene oxide
i
!2,2'-Bloxlrane
i
i
!2-Butanone peroxide
i
lalphj.alpha-DloetJiylbenrylhydroperor.lde
jcresol
i
i
d)
CAS No.
55-18-5
62-75-9
4549-40-0
930-55-2
333-41-5
62-73-7
311-45-i
55-91-4
563-12-2
•
757-58-4
121-75-5
7786-34-7
297-97-2
3268-58-2
56-38-2
107-49-3
3689-24-5
75-21-8
75-56-9
1464-53-5
1338-23-4
80-15-9
1319-77-3
! ! Surface
SpcclficlSoluMUtyi Tension
Gravity ' (ppa) !(dynes/co)
0.94J
i
i
i.ooi
1
1
1
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1
1
i.ioi
1
1
1
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1
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1.27J
1.05!
1.22,1
i
1.26!
1.23!
I
' 1
1.25!
1
1.25J
I
1
1.26!
i
t
1.18!
1
1.19!
1
0.8?!
0.83J
i
i
1.11!
1
1
1.17J
1.03J
1
1.03!
1
1
Solj
1
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i
i
i
Solf
i
i
i
i
soi!
i
i
i
AOJ 35.0
i
10000!
i
i
12730!
i
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15400!
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1
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145J 37.1
1
i
Misc.!
i
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1140J
1
Insol!
i
i
20j 39.2
1
J
MiscJ
i
25!
I
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1
650009! 24.5
1
Dec! 39-7
1
1
soil
i
Insol! 25.0
i
19600| 37.0
i
i
Viscosity
(CP)
15.3
0.3
0.3
1.5
14.8
20.8
(continued)
-------
!
Guide !
Nuaber! CERCLA Cl«s«
25
26
26
27
27
T •
'phenols i cresole
i
i
jSulfatei & «ujfite>
i
i
ISulfate* t culfltec
i
f
ISuHidet & nercaptanfc
i
•
JSulflde* & aercaptani
i
i
i
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j TABLE 8-1. (continue
! Hazardous Liquid N.IDC
i
JThlophenol
i
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JProparglte
i
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!(ir. aqucou: solution)
i
i
{Carbon dlsulflde
i
j
d)
CAS Ko.
108-98-5
77-78-1
2312-35-8
12135-76-1
75-15-0
! j Surface
SpeeiflclSolublllty! Tension
Gravity j (ppa) '(dynes/co)
i.oa!
i
i
1.33|
I
1
1.09J
i
1.10;
i
1.26*
i
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i
i
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|
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2940J 32.3
i
i
i
i
Viscosity
(ei.)
1-7
0.4
00
Legend:
Pee - Decoapoce*
Insol - Insoluble (less than It)
Mlsc • Mlsclble (soluble In any proportion)
Sol - Soluble (greater than or equ.il to IX)
-------
SECTION 9 - SOREENT SELECTION RATIONAL
INTRODUCTION
The "Sorbent Selection and Use Guides" (Guides) contain sorbent lists
that are ranked according to estimated performance for each of several
applicable spill scenarios. A sorbent1s ranking reflects the relative
estimated performance of the sorbent in the particular scenario. The sorbent
performance ranking procedure is described in this section, and the user is
advised to become familar with the assumptions, estimations, computations,
limitations, and constraints that influenced the estimated performance ratings
in the Guides.
The sorbent performance ranking procedure consisted of four phases.
First, 'the conceptual framework for making performance comparisons was
developed. Next, sorbent performance evaluation factors and criteria were
selected for each spill scenario that was included in izhe Manual. Third, a
computaton process was established so that an overall numerical performance
rating could be assigned for the sorbent-chemical combinations for each
applicable spill scenario. Finally, the existence of an overall numerical
performance rating was used to make inter-sorbent performance comparisons for
each spill scenario.
It was recognized that cost and availability are sometimes, but not
always, important factors in the selection of a sorbent. It appeared that, as
a general rule, when the time available to .select and use the sorbent
decreased, the importance of cost as a selection factor decreased and
availabilicy increased. Therefore, it was decided that cost would not be a
performance factor, while availability would be, for the Landspill and
Floating Spill scenarios, where response time would be critical in many cases.
On the other hand, cost was used as a performance factor, and availability was
not, for the Landfill scenario, where it was thought that time would not be as
restricted and cost considerations would assume greater importance.
The user who is concerned about costs for the Landspill and Floating
Spill Scenarios is advised to regard the sorbents listed in each Guide as an
unranked list of up to six sorbents that are expected to be acceptable, to
varying degrees, for the- scenario. The user should then evaluate and compare
the overall cost of using each of the sorbents listed by applying guidance and
data from the appropriate sections of the Manual.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING SORBENT PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
Prior to comparing the performance of various sorbents, it was necessary
9-1
-------
to develop a framework for making comparisons. The framework was constructed
by:
(1) Identifying release scenarios for which sorbents would be potentially
useful and which could be addressed in the Manual.
Three major scenarios (Landspills, Floating Spills/ and Landfill)
were selected for inclusion in the Manual. The Landspill scenario
was subdivided into Sma°<.l (<500 gallons) and Medium (500 to 5000
gallons) Landspills. The use of sorbents for spill volumes greater
than 5000 gallons was thought rather unlikely due to the increased
feasibility of recovery by pumping. The Floating Spill scenario was
subdivided into Non-Flowing Small Pond/ Non-Flowing Large Lake/
Flowing Small Stream, and Flowing Large River/ since flowrate and
size of the waterbody were judged to have significant effects on the
sorbent application and collection options available to the user. A
Landfill scenario was included that involved using the sorbent to
immobilize 1000 gallons of hazardous liquid/ transport it/ and
dispose of it in a permitted landfill. The use of sorbents for
chemicals dispersed or dissolved in water was not addressed due to
limitations on project resources and the lack (except for activated
carbon) of available data.
(2) Identifying hazardous substances for which sorbents would be potentially
useful.
CERCLA-designated liquid hazardous substances were chosen as the
chemicals having the greatest potential for being controlled by the
use of sorbents/ and 212 of these liquids were identified early in
the project. These chemicals were grouped into 27 classes based on
functional groups. The assumption was made/ unless there were
information or data indicating otherwise/ that the chemicals in a
class would interact with sorbents in a similar manner.
(3) Identifying sorbents that would be potentially useful for spill control
operations.
Twenty-six specific sorbents have been identified in the Manual.
These sorbents were placed into 12 generic sorbent classes/ based
upon their composition. (Some potential sorbents were not included
because they did not belong in one of the 12 generic sorbent classes
and sorption capacity data/ either literature or experimental/ for
them were not available.) A "representative" sorbent was chosen for
each class and it was assumed, unless there were information or data
to indicate ctherwise, .hat the sorbents in a class would interact
with the same chemical in a similar manner. Subsequent sorbent
9-2
-------
performance comparisons were based on the performance of the
"representative" sorbent with the "representative" chemical.
SELECTION OF SORBENT PERFORMANCE FACTORS. FOR EACH SCENARIO
After the Scenario/Chemical/Sorbent framework was established, sorbent
performance factors were identified that were regarded as important indicators
of sorbent performance for each of the spill scenarios in the Manual. The
sorbent performance factors were of two types:
1. Pass/Fail Factors, which were considered mandatory for minimal
acceptable performance. These factors had to be satisfied by the
sorbent or it was eliminated from further consideration for that
spill scenario.
2. Ratable Performance Factors, which were recognized as having an
important influence on sorbent performance, but low performance in
one particular area would not necessarly eliminate a sorbent from
consideration for use. These factors were evaluated on a
quantitative or semi-quantitative basis for each scenario. Also,
some ratable performance factors are not as important as others in
affectng sorbent performance. This difference in importance was
accounted for to some degree by rub-dividing the Ratable Performance
Factors into two sub-classes:
a) Primary factors, which generally predominate in determining the
sorbent's performance; and,
b) Secondary factors, which generally are not as significant compared
to primary factors, but which can have an important effect on
performance under certain conditions and must be considered during
the sorbent selection process. Primary factors were given twice the
weight of the secondary factors in the sorbent performance evaluation
process.
The Sorbent Performance Factors are listed below for each of tne seven
spill scenarios covered in the Manual.
9-3
-------
TABLE 9-1. SORBENT PERFORMANCE FACTORS
1
Scenarios
1. Landspill
a. Small
b. Medium
2. Floating
Spills
a. Small, non-
flowing
b. Small,
flowing
c. Large/ non-
flowing
d. Large,
flowing
j. Landfill
Pass/Fail Factors
Compatibility
Suitability of Form
Data
Compatibility
Suitability of Form
Data
Specific Gravity
Compatibility
Suitability of Form
Data
Ratable Factors
Primary
Application
Collection
Availability
Application
Collection
Availability
Hydrophobici ty
Disposal Cost
Secondary
Reusability
Incinerability
ts'ind Scatter
Resistance
Precipitation
Effects
Envi ronmental
Effects
Dense Ground
Cover Effects
Rugged Terrain
Effects
Reusability
Inciner^bil i ty
Wind Scatter
Resistance
Precipitation
Effects
Environmental
Effects
-------
SORBENT PERFORMANCE RANKING PROCEDURE - LANDSPILL SCENARIO
Pass/Fail Evaluation
For the Landspill Scenario, sorbents were eliminated from further
consideration for a particular chemical class if they were incompatible or not
wet by the representative chemical. Sorbent booms were also not considered
for this scenario. A sorbent-chemical combination could also be eliminated if
insufficient data were available to develop performance ratings.
Primary Factor Evaluation
The narrative below describes how the Application, Collection, and
Availability ratings were derived for the Landspill Scenario. Tables 9-2 and
9-3 summarize the Primary Factor/ ratings that were generated by the authors of
this Manual and which form part of t"he basis for the ranked sorbent lists in
the Guides in Section 1. A specific example is also provided below of the
Primary Factor rating process.
Application—
Particulate, pillow, pad, and mat sorbents are candidates for this
scenario. The generic sorbents are assigned an opcimum application
methodology (shovel, throw or blower) relative to small (<500 gals) and med.ium
(500-5000 gals) spills. Not only do most spills fall into these categories
but sorbents are unlikely to be used on very large spills, where other
countermeasures (e.g./ pumping) would usually be more effective. The actual
evaluation employed by the authors consisted of determining the relative rate
of sorber.cy application by selecting an optimum application method, estimating
a volume rate of application of sorbent based on this method, and calculating
the rate required to apply each sorbent based on a given spill size. The
sorbency application rate is the rate of sorbent application times the
sorption capacity of a sorbent relative to a specific liquid; it is a measure
of the rate at which the potential for hazardous liquid sorption is being
applied for a particular sorbent. The sorption capacity (experimental,
literature, or estimated) for each sorbent compatible with the representative
hazardous liquid of interest is used in calculating the sorbency application
rate. The application rating assignments are based on the rates obtained.
Also, the nominal volume for participates is estimated at 0.25 cubic feet,
while the nominal sorbent unit volume, used for pillows, pads and mats, is the
typical volume of the sorbent units in a particular generic class and is based
on an assessment of the unit volumes as provided by the manufacturers and
given in the respective Sorbent Data Sheet in Section 2. The estimated rates
of sorbency aplication for the generic sorbents are compared, whereupon each
generic sorbent receives a relative rating as follows:
+ Relatively high rate of sorbency application
0 Moderate rate of sorbency application
- Relatively low rate of sorbency application
9-5
-------
TABLE 9-2. LANDSPILL PRIMARY FACTOR PRIORITIZATION - PARTICIPATE SORBENTS
Cnsucju Cuss
!• Acidic compounds.
Inorganic
2. Acidic compounds.
organic
3. Alcatels 4 glvcols
4. Aldehydes
5. Aliphatic
hydrocarbons •
6. Allphatlcs,
halogcnatod
7. Amides, anlllde* ft
loldes
o. Anlnes, allqrl
9. Anlnes, aryl
10. /-fn.iric
hydrocarbons
11. Arm.irlcs,
halagenated
12. Basic coopouidg
13. Cyanatcs &
isocyanates
14. Cyanides 4 nltriles
15. Esters t ethers
16. Ether.!, halogenated
17. Hilldes, inorganic
18. Heavy netals
19. Hydrazlnes &
hydrazldes
20. Kctones
21. l&tro/nltroso
coopouids
22. Organophcsphates
23. 0>dd~. alVylene
24. Perox'de*
25. Phenols 4 oresoll
26. Sullates 4 Eulfltes
27. Sulfides &
mcrcaptans
c ».
K eg
A C Av
+
0/0 0/0 f
0/00/0 +
0/00/0 +
*— /C 0/0 ^
"*/0 0/0 "I*
4.
ft/n n/n ^
U/U U/U T
0/f 0/0 +
OA)OA) +
-/00/0 +
0/0 O/- +
+
0/f OA> +
OA)OA> +
OAIOAJ*
+
+
0/0 O/- +
OA) 0/0 +
0/f OA) +
OA) OA> +
OA>OA) +
OA)OA)-f
OA) 0/0 +
0/00/0 +
0/0 0/0 4-
»
i Dlatomlte
r
n v n*
0
)/OOA)0
)A> OA> 0
)A>OA>0
•no/oo
3/0 0/f 0
0
i/n n/n n
J/U WU U
0/+0/00
3A>0/f 0
OA)0/f 0
0
0
3/f OA>0
J/OOA)0
0/0 0/0 0
0
0
0/00/00
0/0 0/0 0
0/00/00
0/00/00
0/00/00
OA) 0/0 0
0/00/00
0/00/00
0/00/00
, Expanded
Mineral
} ft 0/0 +
)A>0/f +
>A>0/f +
>A>0/f +
•/00ft +
•/00ft +
+
"iff* A/A A
J/U U/T *
>A> 0/f +
3A)0/f +
•/00ft +
)/- 0/f +
)A)0/f +
/00/f -f
I/O 0/f f
yo o/f -f
I/O 0/f +
•f
+
•/00ft +
>A)0/f +
)A)0/f -f
-A) 0/f +
•A) 0/f +
3/0 Oft +
3A>0/f +
3A)0/f +
V
•*
U
1
•f
0/0 O/- -f
-A) -/- +
0/00/0 +
•A) -/- *
-A>OA> +
•f
3/D OA> +
O'/- -/- -f
-A>OA)f
•f
3/» OA) *
•A> OA» -f
3AJ 0/0 -f
OA)OA)-f
0/00/0 +
-/Q-/0 +
+
-A) -/- -f
0/0 0/0 +
DA)OA) +
-A) -/- +
DA) 0/0 f
3A>OA> +
-/00/0 +
3/00/0 +
»
, Treated
^ wood Fiber
C'
-A) 01- 0
-A) C-/- 0
-A) O/- C
-/- -/- 0
0/0 O/- 0
0
/_ _/w n
-/O OA) 0
Of- -/- 0
-/O O/- 0
0
-/O O/- 0
-/- -/- 0
-/-o;- o
-/-o/- «
0
0
0
-/- -/- 0
-A>OA>0
-A) O/- 0
-/- -/- o
-A) O/- 0
-A) O/- 0
-A) o/o o
OA) 01- 0
»
, Poly-
propylene
0
0/0 0/f 0
-A) 0/f 0
0/0 Oft 0
-A) o/f o
-A) 0/f 0
0
n/rt o/4> n
U/U U/T U
0/f 0/f 0
VOO/f 0
-10 Oft 0
0
0/V Oft 0
0/0 0/f 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 0/f 0
0/3 l'/f 0
0
OA) O.'T 0
-/OOftO
Oft Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 0/f 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 0/f 0
ft
Cross-Linked
Polymer
0
t/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/00
f/f CA>0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/f 0
c
A It fl/j, ft
T/T U/T U
0
+/t 0/f 0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f OA>0
f/f 0/0 0
f/f 0/0 0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/t 0
Oft Oft 0
f/f OA) 0
•f/f 0/f 0
0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/0 0
>/f 0/f 0
f/f 0/0 0
f/f 0/f 0
.n
0 •
-4
0/f 0/00
OA>0/f 0
-10 Oft 0
OA) 0/f 0
-no ft o
-/OOftO
0
n/n n/4- n
U/U U/T U
0/0 Oft 0
O/- Oft 0
-/OOftO
Oi- Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 0/f 0
-/O 0/f 0
-/00ft 0
0/0 Oft 0
0
0
-/OOftO
0/0 Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
-/OOftO
-/OOftO
0/0 Oft 0
-10 Oft 0
0/0 Oft 0
' TreatH Clay/
) Treattd
• Natural
Orpani**
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
•f/f 0/f -
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U(£SD: */* - Sball Splll/fedlua Spill
A • Application
Av - Availability
C - Collection
•f - Relatively high rating ult* respect to a particular primary factor
o - Hoderare rating with respect to a particular pricary factor
- • Relatively low rating with respect to a particular primary factor
-------
TABLE 9-3. LANDSPILL PRIMARY FACTOR PRIORITIZATION - PILLOW. PAD, MAT SORBENTS
Chotical QAM
1. Acidic cxnpxnis.
inorganic
2. Acidic conpoinds.
organic
3. AleohoU 4 glycol*
4. Aldehydes
5. Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
6. Allphatlcs,
halogenatad
7. Abides, anil Ides i
tildes
8. A&incs, alkyl
9. Aalnes, aryl
10. Aromatic
hycrocd-'ljuns
11. /.ravtics.
halogenaud
12. Basic etcpotndi
13. Cjtmtes &
isocya.-utes
14. Cyanides i nlcrUes
IS. Esters 4 ethers
16. Ethers, hologervited
17. Ilalldes. inorganic
18. Heavy metals
19. fydrazlncs 4
hydrazldes
20. Kctoncs
21. Nitro/nltTDSO
CCBpOindS
22. Orgjnophosphates
23. Oxides, alkylene
24. Peroxides
25. rherols 4 i-feaoU
26. Solutes 4 sulfides
27. Su'Udes 4
Dcruptans
»
n Feathere
?
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Of- +/* 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
p
0
0
0
t*
ff
ja
b.
^
1
A C Av
*••
+A> ot- +
of- o/- +
+/D Of- +
o/- o/- +
0/DO/- +
•f
of- o/- +
+A> Of- -f
o/- o/- +
0/0 O/- •»•
•f
+/D O/- +
o/- o/- +
Of- Of- +
o/- o/- +
0/0 O/- +
0/0 +/- *
•f
Of- Of- +
+/0 O/- •»•
+/0 O/- +
O/- O/- -f
+/0 O/- +
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fcl
01
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«) 1.
>. a.
~4 O
£ i
A C Av
0
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-/- -/o o
-/- -/O 0
-/- -/O 0
-/- -/t> o
0
-/- -/O 0
-/- -/O 0
o/- -/o o
-/- -10 0
0
-/- -/O 0
-/- -/n o
-f'-fOO
-f- -fO 0
Of- -fO 0
0
-/- -to o
-/- -10 0
-/- -10 0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -10 0
-/- -A) 0
-f- -/O 0
-f- -fO 0
of- -fa o
, 1
X >.
•H £
C f
a. « «
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0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -/o o
-/- -/O 0
-/- -A) 0
0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -/o o
Of- -fO 0
-I- -to o
0
-/- -A) o
-/- -10 0
-/- -/O 0
-/- -A) 0
O/- -/O 0
0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -10 0
-f- -A) 0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -fo o
-f- -10 0
-/- -10 0
-I- -fO 0
Of- -10 0
«
,1
>. M
•H O
£S
A C Av
0
0
-/- -10 0
-/- -;o o
-/- -/o o
-/- -A) 0
0
-/- -A> 0
-/- -10 0
Of- -fO 0
-f- -fO 0
0
-f- -A) 0
0
-/- -A> 0
-/- -A) 0
Of- -fO 0
0
0
-f- -A) 0
-/- -/o o
-/- -A) 0
-/- -A) 0
-/- -to o
0
-/- -A) 0
Of- -10 0
>
n Cross-Linked
Polymer
0
f/0 0/0 0
*A> Of- 0
f ,"0 OfO 0
f/*OA>0
t/t 0/00
0
tf+OfOO
0
*A> 0/0 0
+/«• OA> o
f/0 Of- 0
t/f OA> 0
*A> o/oo
f/+ 0/0 0
f/+ OA> o
f /+ 0/0 0
+/+ OA> 0
+A> Of- 0
+/4-OAJO
0
+/D OfO 0
f/-f 0/0 0
+/0 0/0 0
+/+0/00
t/OP/00
+/*OA>O
M
a
a
*-*
u
1
1
A C Av
•»A> +/00
+A> +/+ 0
Of- 4/+0
+A> +/+0
O/- +/*-0
OA> +/«-0
0
O/- +/+0
+A> +/*0
O/- +/fO
0/0 +/4-0
+/- +/*0
+A> +/*0
+A) +/+0
O/- +.f 0
Of- +/*0
OA) +/+0
0
0
Of- +1+0
+/0 +/+0
+/0 +/+0
O/- +/+0
+/0 +/*0
•fA) +A-0
4A) */+0
OfO +/+0
LEOCO: */* • SonU Splll/Mxlluii Spill
A - Application
Av ' Availability
C • Collection
+ • Relatively hlph ratios vith respect to • particular primary factor
o • rtoderate rjtlifi vath renjvrt to a particular prtn-jy factor
- - Relatively low ratine with respect to a particular primary factor
-------
Collection—
The saturated sorbents noted under Primary Factor Evaluation-Application
are candidates for this scenario. The generic sorbents are assigned an
optimum collection methodology (shovel/ pitchfork* or skiploader) relative to
the small (<500 gals) and medium (500-5000 gals) spill sizes. An estimated
volume rate of collection is then calculated based on the estimated volume for
the selected collection method and an estimated rate of collection. Using the
appropriate densities for Loth sorbent and hazardous liquid and a
representative sorption capacity (for the res|jective major generic group of
sorbents in which the sorbent is included), the time required to collect the
given spill is calculated (see Section 3). Different times for collection
based on the given spill size thus allow for discriminating among sorbents as
follows:
+ Relatively low time for loaded sorbent collection
0 Moderate time for loaded sorbent collection
- Relatively high time for loaded sorbent collection
Availability-
Availability is evaluated on a relative scale based on the number of
generic sorbent sources. The number of manufacturers/ distributors/ and
suppliers of generic sorbents are tallied based on available data to establish
an estimate of sorbent availablity. The rating of availability is as follows:
+• Relatively high availability
0 Moderate availability
- Relative low availability
Example of_ Application Factor Evaluation
An example of this evaluation approach as applied to Chemical Class No. 6
is illustrated by the computer printout for the category
"Landspill - Small - Application/" depicted in Figure 9-1. The sorbency
application rate (coluinn H, pounds of hazardous substance sorbed/minute) is
the quantity that determines the rating received by a sorbent for the Primary
Performance Factor of Application. Since particulate and pillow/ pad/ and mat
sorbents are suitable candidates for landspill applications/ both sorbent
types are evaluated. The date, comprise the assumptions and computations made
to obtain the estimated sotbency application rates for the candidate sorbents
considered for use with halogenated aliphatics for the stated scenario.
Similar assumptions and computations were employed in obtaining the rating
assignments for other scenarios. "
To obtain the sorbent rating assignments for Chemical Class No. 6
9-8
-------
CHBdCAL CLASS: 6
Landspill - t^all - Application
\o
vo
Sorbent Class
PARTICULATES
Sorbent clay
Dlatomlte
Wood fiber
Treated Kf
Expanded mineral
Foa=ed glasa
CLP
TC
Polypropylene
PILLOWS, PADS, HATS
Vood fiber
Treated WF
Foaoed glass
CLP
Feathers
Polyurethane
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
(A)
Nominal
Voluaa
(ft3)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.13
0.5
0.5
0.26
0.56
0.09
0.06
0.07
IB)
Bulk
Density
(«/ft3)
31 .
28
12
7
5
2
38
15 .
3
12
7
2
38
O.P9
1.U
1.5
3.0
(C)
Sorptlon
Capacity
(«/«)
1.6
2.5
2.1
2.2
6.7
12.1
36.9
.
11.3
2.1
2.2
12.1
36.9
.
20. H
25.6
11.3
(D)
Best
App.
Method
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Shovel
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
Throw
(E)
Movement
, per oln.
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
(F)
Sorber.t
App.
Rate
(ft3/=>
.25
.25
.5
.5
.5
.5
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.3
5.3
5.0
2.6
5.6
0.9
0.6
0.7
(C)
Sorbent
App.
Rate
(«/m)
12.5
35.0
18.0
10.5
7.5
3.0
17.5
56.25
1.5
51.6
35.0'
10.0
98.8
1.984
1.26
0.9
2.1
(H)
Sorbency
App.
Rate
(»/m)
68.0
87.5
«3.2
23.1
50.25
36.3
1752.75
NA
50.85
123.811
77.9
121.0
3615.72
HA
25.70H
23. of
23-73
(I>
Rating
Assign-
ments
..
0
_
• _
• _
_
4>
KA
-
0
0
0
+•
NA
-
-
•
NOTE: Typical voluae of a shovel is estimated at 0.25 ft3. Sarbency application rate and rating assignments are not
available (NA) for sorbents lacking sorption capacity data. The computational series is as follows!
(1) F t E X A, (2) C « F X B, (3) H = C x C.
Figure 9-1. Example of a Computer Printout of Sorbent Rating Assignments
-------
(Figure 9-1), the number of movements of sorbent onto the spill per minute
(column E) is estimated by considering the optimum application method
(column D), and the bulk density (column B)/ along with the average worker's
ability to perform the prescribed operation. If a typical shovel holds about
0.25 cubic feet of particulate sorbent/ the sorbent application rate in cubic
feet/minute (column F) is 0.25 times column E. Likewise/ the sorbent
application rate in cubic feet per minute for a pillow/ pad, or mat (column F)
is obtained by multiplying the nominal volume of a pillow, pad, or mat
(column A) by column E. To obtain the sorbent application rate in Ibs/min
(column G), column F is multiplied by the sorbent bulk density (column B). In
turn, the sorbent application rate (column G) multiplied by the sorption
capacity (column C) produces the sorbency application rate (column H). After
column H is computed for all representative sorbents that met the Pass/Fail
requirements, including data availability, the sorbency application rate
values are segregated into thr«/» or fewer, groups/ depending on the
distribution. The high, middle/ and low group members are assigned a value of
+, -, and 0, respectively. The vating assignments, listed in column I, are
also found in the "6 Aliphatics, Kalogenated" row in Table 9-2 / for the
particulate sorbents/ and in Tabls 9-3/ for the pillow/ pad and mat sorber.ts.
Secondary Factor Evaluation
The narrative that follows explains the rationale and process used to
rate Secondary Performance Factors for the Landspill Scenario. Table 9-4
summarizes the Secondary Performance Factor ratings for this scenario.
Reusability—
Evaluation of this factor is based principally on sorbent
compressibility. If a loaded sorbent can be easily compressed or squeezed to
release the hazardous liquid and thereupon the sorbent returns/ more or less/
to its original size and shape, the sorbent is considered reusable. More
complicated means for releasing the hazardous liquid are considered
impractical and infeasible under field condiLions. Those criteria preclude
the reuse of particulate inorganic or mixed sorbents. Othei: particulate
sorbents/ although capable of reuse, may not be easily compressed because of
their loose configuration. It should be noted that the use of a sorbent that
is reusable usually implies reuse or recycling of the hazardous liquid,
otherwise the sorbent selected for spill cleanup would also be used for
landfill disposal of the hazardous liquid. The rating is as follows:
+ Eorbent can be effectively reused/ i.e./ is compressible
0 Sorbent can be effectively reused with some difficulty/ i.e./
is not easily compressible
- Sorbent cannot be effectively reused, i.e., is relatively
incompressible.
Incinerability—
9-10
-------
TABLE 9-4. "LANDSPILL SECONDARY FACTOR PRIORITIZATION
PARTIOTLATE SORBENTS
o Sorbent Clay
o Dlntooite
c Expanded Mineral
o Wood Fiber
o Treated Wood Fiber
o Polypropylene
o Cross-Linked Polymer
o Foaoed Class
»• • y x
i s- i § i .1.1 i ii i L
131-1 I i s i £ i Jj i ff
i « i » i •* i •* i *^iiTci
1 j 1 o 1 _5 -1 • 1 2 1 « ». 1 12
1 S i u| <" • i «i » i S ? l ? J
1 5 ' £ ' 3^ ' H ' 3 ' Jj ' ^5
- • • - o - + *. .. •*•-
« 0 + - +
0 » * - - »
0 _ + - +
o Treated Clay/Treated
Natural Organic
+ * +
PILLOW, PAD, HIT SORBENTS
o Feathers
o Wood Fiber
o Treated Wood Fiter
o Polypropylene
o Polyethylene
o Polyurethane
o Cross-Linked Polymer
o Foaoed Class
+ *
» »
- »
0
Legend! + a Relatively high rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
0 s Moderate rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
- s Relatively low rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
9-11
-------
For incineration to be a viable option, a sorbent/hazardous liquid pair
would have to be combustible. For application of the sorbent selection
rationale/ however/ only the combustibility of the sorbent has been evaluated.
Additionally/ the assumption is made that any toxic combustion products would
be properly scrubbed out by the incinerating system. The rating system used
for generic sorbents is as follows:
+ The sorbent is combustible
- The sorbent is not combustible.
Wind Pesistance—
Wind can adversely affect the application of certain sorbents. Some
particulate sorbents are severely affected by the wind. Also/ pillows are
less affected than mats or pads. An assessment of the wind effect is made
relative to each generic sorbent as follows:
+ Sorbent application is slightly impacted
0 Sorbent application is moderately impacted
- Sorbent application is severely impacted.
Precipitation-
Rain or snow can seriously affect sorbent effectiveness in some cases.
If the precipitation does not inordinately increase application/collection
difficulties for a specific sorbent and the sorbent exhibits hydrophobic
characteristics or has a hazardous liquid/water preference index much greater
than unity/ the sorbent would be expected to fare well with respect to other
sorbents in inclement weather. If precipitation significantly increases the
application/collection effort and the sorbent exhibits hydrophilic
characteristics/ i.e./ its hazardous liquid/water preference index is close to
or Terr than unity/ the sorbent would be expected to be severely impacted by
inclement weather. The rating factor for generic sorbents is as follows:
+ Sorbent effectiveness is not severely limited
- Sorbent effectiveness is severley limited.
Environmental (Sensitive Site) Effects—
Certain sorbents can be used in sensitive areas because they are
biodegradable or are a natural component of the environment or can be removed
from the environment without significantly disturbing the substrate. Other
sorbents are non-biodegradable or disperse in the environment making it
difficult to be harvested. The rating factor is as follows:
+ Sorbent may be used in sensitive areas
9-12
-------
Sorbent is not suitable for use in sensitive areas.
Dense Ground Cover—
Certain sorbents can be applied effectively to clean up hazardous liquid
spills located in dense ground cover/ i.e., heavy foliage, while other
sorbents cannot. The latter are usually too light or too bulky and thus will
not properly penetrate dense ground cover. Harvesting the sorbents used in
this mode has also been considered in the evaluation, although in some cases
the ground cover may have to be sacrificed to collect the sorbent. In fact,
the spilled hazardous liquid may have already destroyed the ground cover. The
rating factor is as follows:
+ Sorbent can be used effectively
- Sorbent cannot be used effectively.
Rugged Terrain—
Not all sorbents can 'oe used effectively in rugged terrain. Although
both application and collection are important, this factor was evaluated
relative only to application on the assumption that orce the spilled hazardous
liquid is stabilized (via use of the sorbent) the loaded sorbent can be
collected from the rugged terrain by such means as heavy earth moving
equipment if necessary. The rating factor discriminates as follows:
+ Sorbent can be used effectively
- Sorbent cannot be used effectively.
SORBENT PERFORMANCE RANKING PROCEDURE - FLOATING SPILL SCENARIO
Pass/Fail Evaluation
Particulate sorbents and heavier-than-water sorbents were eliminated from
consideration in the Floating Spill Scenario. Booms wfcre considered only for
the flowing mode portion of the scenario. Also, sorbentsv-f«re not considered
for use with a particular chemical class if incompatibilities or non-wetting
was noted. Lack of sufficient data was also cause for elimination.
Primary Factor Evaluation
The narrative below explains how the Primary Factor ratings (Application,
Collection, Availability, and Hydrophobicity) were developed for the Floating
Spill Scenario. Table 9-5 summarizes the Primary Factor ratings that were
generated and used as input for the ranked sorbent lists in the Guides in
Section 1.
Application—
Pillow, pad, or mat sorbents are viable candidates for the non-flowing
9-13
-------
TASLf. 9-5. FLOATING SPILL PRIMARY FACTOR PRIORITIZATION
vo
CHEMICAL CLASS
1 . Acidic compounds ,
Inorganic
2. Acidic compounds,
organic
3. Alcohols t glyccla
1. Aldehydes
5. Aliphatic hydrocarbons
6. Allphatlcs, halogenated
T. AtEides, anllldes &
Inides
8. Aoines, alkyl
9. Ailnes, aryl
10. Aroaatlc hydrocarbons
11. Arooatlcs, halogenated
12. Basic compounds
13. Cyanates t isocyanates
11. Cyanides & nitrites
15- Esters & ethers
16. Ethers, halegenated
17. Halldes, Inorganic
18. Heavy retals
19. Hydrazines & hydrazldes
20. Ketones
21. Kltro/nltroso
conpounes
22. Organophosphates
23. Oxides, alkylene
21. Peroxides
25. Phenols & cresola
26. Sulfates «• sulfites
27. Sulfldes & oercaptans
feathers
AC H A'
PIL!.OW, PAD, HAT SOBBEKTS
Treated
Wood
Fiber
K C H K\
•oly-
wopylene
» C H Ai
Cross
'oly- Poly- Linked
ethylene urethane Polyner
A C H A; A C H A\ 4 C H Av
not applicable - water soluble
not' applicable - water soluble
t \
not Applicable - water soluble
not applicable - water soluble or non-floatlm
0|o »/» -0(0 -/- 0 0|0 -/. 0 o|o 0/0 0 0|+ »/» 0 0
not applicable - non-floating (except Allyl chloride and Chi
Insufficient data
not applicable - water soluble
0
0 */- 0 0
» «/» 0 0
0 */0 . 0
0 -/- 0 0
0 -/- 0 0
0 -/- 0 0 0 0/0 0 0 0
0 -/- 0 0 0 O/- 0 0 » »/+ 0 0
nol applicable - non-floating
not applicable - water soluble
not applicable - decomposes or water soluble
0
0
0 »/* - 0
0 »/+ - 0
-0/000
0 -/- 0 0
- 0/0 0 0| 0 0
0 -/- 0 0|0 0/0 0 0 » +/+ 0 0
not applicable - non-floating
not applicable . decomposes or water soluble .
not applicable - non-flcating
not applicable - water soluble
0
0
0 «/» - 0
« */» - 0
. ./. 0 0
0 -/- 0 0
--,.00-0/000* */+ 0 0
0 -/- 0 0 0 0/0 0 0 3
not applicable • non-floating
not applicable - water soluble
not applicable • non-floating
not applicable - non-floating
not applicable - non-floating
not applicable - non-floating
LEGEND:
•/• Saall Water Body/Large
A Application
Av Availability
C Collection
. H • Hydrophoblclty '
SORBENT BOOMS
Treated
Wood >oly- Poly-
Feathera Fiber propylene Jrethane
A C H AMI C H A-. A C H A; A C H Av
0|0 0/0 - 0|» */* 0 0|0 »/« 0 0
roethane)
0 - 0/0 0 0 * »/+ 0 0 0 */« 0 0
- */-• 0 0 - 0/0 - 0 » »/* 000 »/» 0 0
0 0 0/0 - 0 » »/* 0 0 0
0 0 0/0 - 0 » +/» 0 0 0 »/* 0 0
0 /O - 0 » */» 0 0 0 0/» (I 0
0 0 0/0 - 0 + +/* 0 0 0 */* 0 0
Water Body
Relatively high rating with respect to a particular pricary factor
Moderate rating with respect to a particular prlaary factor
Relatively low rating with respect to a particular pricary factor
-------
vater node of this scenario. Only those sorbents that are hydrophobia have
been considered. The generic sorbents are assigned an optimum application
methodology relative to the size of the vater body into which the spill has
occurred, regardless of spill size. The relative rates of sorbency
application for each optimum method is estimated by a technique similar to
that employed for the Landspill scenario and described above.
For flowing water systems, sorbent booms are candidates. For spills into
small flowing bodies of water, e.g./ creeks, the spill responder may apply the
sorbent in an operation that would involve passing a sorbent boom across the
waterway. This could be accomplished by casting a tie-line to a team member
on the other side of the waterway whereupon the sorbent boom is pulled across.
Of course, in a second stage to the operation pillow, pad, or mat sorbents
could then be added to the concentrated spill (and collected) in the optimum
manner designated for the use of such sorbent in a non-flowing water body.
For spills into large flowing or non-flowing bodies of water, the spill
responder may employ a boat or similar conveyence to facilitate the
application (and collection) of sorbents. If a means of conveying the sorbent
(before deployment) has to be used in its application, the rate of sorbent
application is decreased accordingly to reflect the added inconvenience of
requisitioning and employing the conveyance.
Each qualifying generic sorbent receives a relative rating as follows:
+ Relatively high rate of sorbency application
0 Moderate rate of sorbency application
- Relatively low rate of sorbency application
Collection—
The saturated sorbents cited under Primary Factor Evaluation -
Application are candidates for this scenario. An optimum collection method
and the weight of loaded sorbent collected per unit time is determined in a
fashion similar to that described under the Landspill scenario above.
Different times for collection based on.a given spill size thus allow for
discriminating among sorbents as follows:
+ Relatively low time for loaded sorbent collection
0 Moderate time for collection
- Relatively high time for loaded sorbent collection.
Hydrophobicity—
For a sorbent to adequately sorb a free or undissolved hazardous liquid
in the presence of water, the sorbent must preferentially sorb the hazardous
liquid instead of water, i.e./ the sorbent must be hydrophobic. Assessment of
9-15
-------
the hydrophobic quality of a sorbent is a significant element in determining a
sorbent's potential performance in a water.spill application. A measure of the
hydrophobic nature of a sorbent is provided via the hazardous liquid/water
preference indices contained in Table 2-2.
For the Floating Spill scenario, only those sorbents exhibiting a
preference index close to or less than unity are eliminated from consideration
for use while those that are not eliminated and have a preference .index less
than 2 received a "-" rating. Those sorbents exhibiting a preference index
greater than 2 should generally be unaffected by the presence of water and
thus received a "0" rating. (See Landspill Scenario-Precipitation/ this
section/ for related information.) The rating factor for hydrophobicity
involvng a Floating Spill scenario is as follows:
0 Sorbent effectiveness is relatively unaffected by presence of
water/ i.e., its hazardous liquid/water preference index is 2
or greater.
- Sorbent effectiveness is significantly limited by presence of
water, i.e., its hazardous liquid/water preference index is less
than 2.
Secondary Factor Evaluation
The narrative that immediately follows explains the rationale and process
used to rate Secondary Performance Factors for the Floating Spill Scenario.
Table 9-6 summarizes the Secondary Factor Ratings that were generated for the
Floating Spill Scenario. The narrative and rating levels are the same as for
the Landspill Secondary Factors, except that only two Factors (Reusability and
Wind Scatter Resistance) are included for the Floating Spill. Dense ground
cover and rugged terrain play no role in the Floating Spill Scenario while
Precipitation Effects are already accounted for under Hydropholncity. Since
the candidate pillow, pad, or mat sorbents and sorbent booms (see Table 9-6)
are all combustible and generally recoverable from environmentally sensitive
sites (in contrast to particulate sorbents), incinerability and environmental
(sensitive site) factors are not included.
Reusability—
Evaluation of this factor is based principally en sorbent
compressibility. If a loaded sorbent can be easily compressed or squeezed to
release the hazardous liquid and thereupon the sorbent returns, more or less,
to its original size and shape, the sorbent is considered reusable... More
complicated means for releasing the hazardous liquid are considered impractial
and unfeasible under field conditions. These criteria preclude the reuse of
particulate inorganic or mixed sorbents. Other particulate sorbents/ although
capable of reuse/ may not be easily compressed because of their loose
configuration. It should be noted that the use of a sorbent that is reusable
usually implies reuse or recycling of the hazardous liquid, otherwise the
sorbent selected for spill cleanup would also be used for landfill disposal of
the hazardous liquid. The rating is as follows:
9-16
-------
TABLE 9-6. FLOATING SPILL SECONDARY FACTOR PRIORITIZATION
Reusability
Wind
Resistance
HON-FLOWINC MODE
PILLOW, PAD, HAT SORBENTS
• o Feathers
o Treated Wood Tiber
o Polypropylene
o Polyethylene
o Polyurethar.e
o Cross-Linked Polymer
FLOWING NODE
SORUENT BOOHS
o Feathers
o Treated Wood Fiber
o Polypropylene
o Polyurethane
Legend: + e Relatively hi£?i rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
0 = Moderate rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
- = Relatively low rating with respect to a specific secondary factor
9-17
-------
+ Sorbent can be effectively reused, i.e./ is compressible
0 Sorbent can be effectively reused with some difficulty/
i.e./ is not easiJy compressible
- Sorbent cannot be effectively reused/ i.e./ is relatively
incompressible
Wind Resistance—
Wind can adversely affect the application of certain sorbents. Some
particulate sorbents are severely affected by the wind. Also/ pillows are
less affected than mats or pads. An assessment of the wind effect is made
relative to each generic sorbent as follows:
+ Sorbent application is slightly impacted
0 Sorbent application is moderately impacted
- Sorbent application is severely impacted.
SORBENT PERFORMANCE RANKING PROCEDURE - LANDFILL SCENARIO
Pass/Fail Performance Factor Evaluation
Sorbents were n6t considered for chemical classes with which the sorbents
were incompatible or non-wettable or for which insufficient data existed.
Pillow/ pad/ or mat sorbents do not appear feasible since they would not
exhibit good compaction resistance under landfill pressures and there is no
assurance that liquid pockets would not form between these sorbent forms.
Also/ sorbent booms are impractical for this scenario.
Primary Factor Evaluation
Particulate sorbents are suitable candidates for the scenario involving
immobilization of liquid wastes prior to landfilling, in which free liquid in
a drum is sorbed to allow for permitted hazardous vaste landfill disposal. A
reasonable excess of the sorbent would assure that no free liquid would ever
be present under shipping or landfill conditions. Although some sorbents may
not exhibit good compaction resistance and could release free liquid under
landfill pressures/ evaluation of the performance of sorbents under pressure
was beyond the scope of this project.
Since the Landfill Scenario is not an emergency situation/ cost is used
as the primary basis for a comparison of the candidate sorbents. Likewise/
sorbent availability is not a performance factor in this scenario. For those
sorbents considered viable candidates/ comparisons are based on the total cost
of a specific disposal scenario. Representative sorption capacity (i.e./ the
sorption capacity of a representative for a sorbent class when contacted with
9-18
-------
a representative for a chemical class) is used to determine the volume of
compatible sorbent that would be required for a given volume of hazardous
liquid (see Sections 2 and 3). The Landfill Scenario assumes the following:
1. Total Cost = Cost of Sorbents + Drums + Mixing + Transportation +
Disposal
2. The Volume of hazardous liquid spilled is 1000 gallons.
3. The liquid will be soaked up with sorbent and placed in 55-gal drums.
4. Each drum (reconditioned) costs $12 (Ref. 10).
5. The drum volume available for loaded sorbent is 50 gallons (Ref. 10).
6. The mixing cost is $2.00/drum (Ref. 10).
7. The drums wll be transported ICO miles @ $0.05/mi/drum to a permitted
landfill site (Hef. 10).
f
8. The disposal cost is $25.00/drum (Ref. 10).
Based on the assumptions listed above, the Total Cost is computed as
follows:
1. Ib of hazardous liq = 1000 gal x 8.35 Ib/gal x sp gr of liq
2. Ib sorbent = Ib of hazardous liq/sorption capacity
3. sorbent cost = Ib sorbent x cost/lb
4. cu ft of sorbent = Ib sorbent/sorbent bulk density (Ib/ft )
5. gal sorbent = cu ft sorbent x 7.48 gal/cu ft
6. total volume of saturated sorbent = 1000 gal liquid + gal sorbent
7. total drums = total volume of saturated sorbent (gal)/50 (gal/drum)
8. drum cost = total drums x $12/drum
9. mixing cost = total drums x $2/drum
10. transportation cost = total drums x $0.05/mile x 100 mile
11. disposal cost = total drums x $25/drum
9-19
-------
The costs for landfill disposal have been calculated for the lowest- and
highest-priced sorbent in each generic sorbent class. The results are
provided in each Guide in Section li under the T^andfill Scenario/ as a range
of costs with the order of listing determined by the lowest cost for each
sorbent class.
PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING AN OVERALL SORBENT PERFORMANCE RATING
For each of the primary and secondary factors, a score (+,0,-) was
assignee as described in the previous parts of this section. These primary
and ejeccndary factor ratings are given in Tables 9-2 through 9-6 for each
sorbent class/chemical class/spill scenario combination (excluding the
Landfill Scenario) that is covered in the Guides. For each combination the
ratings for the primary factors were doubled, and then the factor ratings were
summed to produce one number which is the overall sorbent performance rating
for that sorbent class/chemical class/spill scenario combination. The overall
sorbent performance ratings were ranked from high to low and the top six were
listed under the appropriate Sorbent Selection and Use Guide spill scenario.
As an example, for Chemical Class No. 6 and the Landspill - Small
scenario, combining primary factor data from Tables 9-2 and 9-3 and secondary
factor data from Table 9-4 produces the following overall values:
PARTICl'LATES VALUES
Sorbent Clay 0
Diatomite -1
Wood Fiber -1
Treated Wood Fiber 0
Expanded Mineral -3
Foamed Glass -4
Cross-Linked Polymer +3
Polypropylene -2
PILLOWS, PADS, MATS VALUES
Woo<3 Fiber +1
Treated Wood Fiber +1
Foamed Glass 0
Cross-Linked Polymer +3
Polyurethane —1
Polyethylene -2
Polypropylene -1
The final overall values are used to compare the sorbents for ranking in the
prioritized lists found in the Sorbent Selection and Use Guides. In the
example given, the six highest-rated sorbents have been listed for
consideration in Sorbent Selection and Use Guide No. 6 under
Landspill - Small.
9-20
-------
SECTION 10 - KEFERENCES
1. Lyman, Handbook of Semical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw p!.ll
Publishing Co., Novato, California/ 1982.
2. Michalovic/ C.K., et.al., Multipurpose Gelling Agent and Its
Application to Spilled Hazardous Materials, Calspan Corporation,
EPA-600/2-77-151, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977.
3. Smith, G.F., Performance Testing of Selected Sorbent Dooms, Mason &
Hanger - Silas Mason Co., Inc., EPA-600/7-78-219, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1978.
4. Robinson, J.S., Fd., Hazardous Chemical Spill Cleanup, Noyes Data
Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1979.
5. Lafornara, J.P., "Cleanup After Cpills of Toxic Substances," J.
Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1978,
pp. 617-627.
6. Shaw, H.S. et.al., Development of A Sorbent Distribution and Recovery
System, Seaward International, Inc., EPA-600/7-78-217, Cincinnati,
Ohio, 1978.
7. McMahon, L.A., 1983 Dodge Guide to Public Works and Heavy
Construction Costs, Annual Edition No. 15, McGraw Hill Information
Systems Company, Princeton, New Jersey, 1982.
0. Rental Equipment Register, Rental Equipment Rate Guide for the Year
1983, Miramar Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California, 1983.
9. Gibbons, J.H., Director, Technologies and Management Strategies for
Hazardous Waste Control, Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of
the United States, Washington, D.C., 1983.
10. Browers, S.D., Understanding Sorbents for Cleaning Up Spills, Plant
Engineering, March 18, 1982, pp 219-221.
11. Radecca Lab Notes, Volume 1, No. 2, Radecca, Inc., Austin, Texas,
March, .1983.
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SECTION 11 - GLOSSARY
ASTM - American Socie!:v for Testing and Materials. A scientific and
technical organization formed for the development of standards and
guidelines.
batch treatment - removal of an insoluble hazardous liquid from water by
contact with a sorbent in a mixing vessel for discrete exposure
periods.
biodegrade - the ability (of a sorbent) to be broken down and mineralized
by microbes, fungi, etc.
CAS number - a 5 to 8 digit identifying number given to each unique
chemical substance by the Chemical Abstract Service.
CERCLA — Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act - also known as Superfund.
column treatment - removal of an insoluble hazardous liquid from water by
continuous flow through a column packed with sorbent material.
cross-linked polymer (CLP) - a plastic sorbent composed of molecules which
are lightly cross-linked to each other, imparting imbibing qualities
to the plastic.
density/ bulk (sorbent) - the weight per unit volume of uncompressed/
as-received sorbent.
density/ sorbent (no voids) - the weight per unit volume of a sorbent
material (i.e./ the weight per unit volume of a sorbent without void
spaces)/ viz-a-viz bulk density.
diatomite - a silicious material derived chiefly from the remains of the
planktonic algae called diatoms (also called diatomaceous earth).
dust respirator - a respirator designed to provide essentially
particulate-free air for breathing.
emulsify - the act of creating a stable dispersion in a two-phase
immiscible liquid/liquid system.
expanded mineral - those minerals that expand upon heating to yield low
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bulk density material/ e.g., perlite and v&rmiculite.
feather sorbent - a sorbent composed of sanitized/ dequilled chicken
feathers contained in a mesh bag,
foamed glass - amorphous silicate glass foamf consisting of
spheroid-shaped particles with numerous cells and characterized by
very low bulk density.
GSA - General Services Administration. fn agency of the Federal
government responsible for the issuance of product qualification
standards.
hazardous liquid/water preference index - the' ratio of the sorptio"
capacity cf a sorbent with a hazardous liquid to the sorptiori
capacity of. the same sorbent with water.
hazardous substance - a chemical substance listed in CERCLA Section
101(14).
hydrophilic - that characteristic of a sorbent whereby the sorbent is
easily wet by water.
hydrophobic - that characteristic of a sorbent whereby the sorbent is not
easily wet by water.
hysteresis - that characteristic of a sorbent that returns it to its
original shape after the retrieval of compressional forces.
incompatible - a condition that describes contact between a sorbent and a
hazardous .liquid resulting in a reaction that is violent or otherwise
hazardous or that results in significant deterioration of the sorbent
during the normal period of use.
liquid - for the purposes of this handbook, a substance is a liquid if its
melting point is at or below 77°F (25°C) and its boiling point is at
. or above 50°F (10°C).
miscible - the ability of two liquids to dissolve, one in the other, in
any proportion.
neat - pure, free from admixture or dilution.
non-wet - a condition wherein a sorbent is unable to soak up and retain a
liquid because the liquid does not sufficiently spread on the sorbent
surfaces (see Section 8 of the handbook for a discussion of surface
tension).
oleophilic - that characteristic of a sorbent whereby the sorbent is
easily wet by oil.
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overflow dam - a dam that extends to the bottom of a watercourse so that
flow is over the top of the dam.
particulate sorbent - finely-divided sorbent.
polyethylene sorbent - a polymer of ethy]ene that is generally foamed.
polypropylena sorbent - a polymer of prcpylene where fibers are generally
bonded together by heat or needle-punching.
polyurethane sorbent - any of the various polymers that contain the
-NHCOO- linkages and are generally foamed.
SCBA - self-contained breathing apparatus. Provides complete respiratory
protection in hazardous atmospheres.
skiploader - a specific type of earth moving equipment characterized by a
front-mounted scoop with a high degree of maneuverability.
*
solubility - the degree to which a substance dissolves in water.
sorbency application rate - the rate of sorbent application times the
sorption capacity of a sorbent relative to a specific liquid; it is
a measure of the rate at which the potential for hazardous liquid
sorption is being applied for a particular sorbent.
sorbent - a material that soaks up and retains a liquid by either
absorption or adsorption or both.
sorbent blanket - a large/ flat sorbent unit usually 24 or 36 inches long.
and sometimes as wide, and 1/4 to 1 inch thick.
sorbent boom - a cylindrically configured sorbent usually 8 inches in
diameter and 10 feet long and used, connected in series, to clean up
floating spills in water bodies.
sorbent clay - a natural earth product composed of fine particles of
aluminum silicates and other minerals that is capable of sorbing and
holding liquids.
sorbent mat - similar to sorbent blanket
sorbent pad - a small/ flat sorbent unit usually 18 inches on a side and
1/4 to 1 inch thick.
sorbent pillow - a sorbent configuration where loose or particulate
sorbent is placed in a permeable bag.
sorption capacity - a measure of the degree to which a scrbent can sorb a
liquid/ expressed in terms of amount of liquid per amount of sorbent.
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sparkproof - the ability of a tool to resist sparking during its use.
Such tools are generally made out of beryllium-copper alloys.
specific gravity - the ratio of a substance's density to the density of
water.
spill/ large - a hazardous substance spill of 5000 gallons cr more.
spilli medium - a hazardous substance spill of greater than 500 gallons
but less than 5000 gallons.
spill, small - a hazardous substance spill of 500 gallons or less.
surface tension - an internal force of a liquid that inhibits a liquid's
ability to wet surfaces with which it is in contact.
swelling - an increase in sorbent size due to wotting by a sorbed liquid.
treated clay/treated natural organic sorbent - wood fiber that has been
treated with chemicals to increase water repellancy on a substrate of
sorbent clay that has been treated with chemicals to increase water
repellancy.
treated wood fiber - wood fiber that has been treated with chemicals to
increase water repellancy.
ullage - vapor space within a closed vessel containing a liquid and/or
solid.
USCG - United States Coast Guard.
viscosity - a measure of the forces that work against movement or flow of
liquid when a shearing stress is applied.
••
wet - a condition wherein a sorbent saturates with a liquid because the
liquid spreads on the sorbent surfaces (see Section 8 of the handbook
for a discussion of surface tension).
wood fiber sorbent - cellulose-based sorbent derived from the woody
portion of plants.
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