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TECHNICAL fEPORT DATA
fftear ntd /nirrvr'iom on l*f rrxrv 4»/
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency under Contracts 68-03-4006 and 68-CO-0016 to PEI
Associates, Inc. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review,
and it has bfcen approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
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FOREWORD
Today's rapidly developing and changing technologies and industrial products
and practices frequently carry with them the increased generation of materials that, if
improperly dealt with, can threaten both public health and the environment. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the
Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental
laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible
balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and
nurture life. These laws direct the EPA to perform research to define our environmen-
tal problems, to measure the impacts, and to search for solutions.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is responsible for planning, imple-
menting, and managing research, aevelopment. and demonstration programs to pro-
vide an authoritative, defensible engineering basis in- support of the policies, programs,
and regulations of the EPA with respect to drinking water, wastewater, pesticides, toxic
substances, solid and hazardous wastes, and Superfund-related activities. This publi-
cation is one of the products of that research and provides a vital communication link
between the researcher and the user community.
This report provides information on Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(AHERA) clearance air-sampling practices and final clearance concentrations of asbes-
tos at 20 asbestos-abatement sites in New Jersey.
E. Timothy Oppeft, Director
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
MI
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ABSTRACT
A study was conducted during the summer of 1988 to document Asbestos Haz-
ard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) clearance air-sampling practices and clear-
ance concentrations of airborne asbestos at 20 asbestos-abatement sites in New
Jersey. Each abatement took place in a school building and involved removal of sur-
facing material, thermal system insulation, or suspended ceiling tiles. The study shows
that AHERA sampling and analytical requirements and recommendations are not com-
pletely understood and followed by consultants conducting clearance air monitoring.
AHEPA clearance discrepancies exist between sample analyses reported by consul-
tant? representing the building owners and those reported independently by the New
Jersey Department of Health/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study further
suggests that the choice of a clearance reference point may determine whether a site
is considered acceptable lor occupancy.
PEI Associates, Inc.. submitted this report to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in fulfillment of Contract Nos. 68-03-
4006 and 68-CO-0016. The report covers the period June 1988 to September 30,
1990, and work was completed as of September 30, 1990.
rv
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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Figures vii
Tables viii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Introduction 1
Background 1
Objectives 2
2. Conclusions and Recommendations 3
Conclusions 3
Recommendations 4
3. Study Design and Methods 6
Site selection 6
Site documentation 6
. Air sampling strategy 7
Sampling methodology 9
Analytical methodology 9
Statistical analysis 9
4. Quality Assurance 11
Sample Cham-of-custody 11
Sample analyses 11
5. Results and Discussion 15
Site descriptions 15
Observed AHERA clearance practices 15
AHERA clearance tests 22
Structure morpr. Jogy and lenqth distributions 26
Asbestos concentrations before and after abatement 30
Reference?, 32
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CONTENTS (continued)
Page
Appendices
A. Data Summary for Asbestos Concentrations Measured for AHERA
Clearance by the New Jersey Department of Health/U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency A-1
B. Individual Estimates of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Measured
by the New Jersey Department of Health/U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency After Abatement B-1
C. Individual Estimates of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Measured
by the New Jersey Department of Health/U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency C-1
D. Data Summary for Asbestos Concentrations Measured by the New
Jersey Department of Health/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Before Abatement at Nine Sites D-1
VI
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Observed aggressive sweeping times per 1000 square feet of 20
floor space
2 Recommended and actual number of stationary fans used during 21
AHERA clearance air monitoring
3 Airborne asbestos concentrations measured during AHERA
clearance by the New Jersey Department of Health/U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency 25
4 AHERA initial screening results for samples collected by the
Asbestos Safety Control Monitor (ASCM) firms and the New Jersey
Department of Health (NJDOH)/U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) 28
5 Comparison of airborne asbestos concentrations measured
before and after abatement by the New Jersey Department of
Health/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 31
VII
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TABLES
Number Page
1 Number and Type of Samples Collected at Each Abatement Site 8
2 Data Summary for Recount Analyses 13
3 Duplicate Sample Analyses 14
4 Descriptions of the 20 Asbestos-Abatement Projects Sites 16
5 Abatement Contractors, ASCM Firms, and Analytical Laboratories 17
Used at 20 AsbestoSrAbatement Sites
6 Clearance Sampling and Analytical Practices Observed at 20 19
Asbestos-Abatement Sites
7 Data Summary for Asbestos Concentrations Measured for AHERA
Clearance by the Asbestos Safety Control Monitor Firms 23
8 AHERA Clearance Results From Samples Collected by the
Asbestos Safety Control Monitor Firms 24
9 Summary of AHERA Initial Screening Test and AHERA Z-test
Results From Samples Collected by the New Jersey Department
of Health/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 27
10 Asbestos Structure Distributions From Samples Collected During
AHERA Clearance Sampling at 20 Abatement Sites 29
11 Data Summary of Asbestos Structure Lengths From Samples Col-
lected During AHERA Clearance Sampling at 20 Abatement Sites 29
VIII
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared for EPA's Office of Research and Development, Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-CO-OC16. Thomas
J. Powers, P.E., served as the EPA Project Officer, and William C. Cain served as the
EPA Technical Project Reviewer. The administrative efforts and support given by
Roger Wilmoth of EPA's Office of Research and. Development are greatly appreciated.
Review comments and suggestions were provided by Kin Wong, Ph.D., and
William McCarthy and Bruce A. Hollett, C.I.H., of ORD. Jean Chesson, Ph.D., of
Chesson Consulting, Inc., provided peer review of this report. Christine Hary of
Computer Sciences Corporation prepared the graphics.
John R. Kominsky, C.I.H.. and Ronald W. Freyberg of PEI Associates, Inc., and
James A. Brownlee and Donald R. Gerber of the Asbestos Control Service, New
Jersey Department of Health, were the principal authors. Robert S. Amick, P.E.. of PE!
Associates, Inc., served as senior reviewer. Marty Phillips and Jerry Day of PEI Asso-
ciates performed the technical edit and copy edit, respectively. The authors also
gratefully acknowledge the staff of the New Jersey Department of Health Asbestos
Control Service Field Operations Unit and Tech;Yical Unit for their contributions.
IX
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Background
As required under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) of
1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated a final rule
regarding inspections, abatement, and management of asbestos-containing materials
in schools (40 CFR Part 763). The rule describes procedures for determining when
critical containment barriers can be removed.
After the abatement work site has passed a thorough visual inspection, clearance
air monitoring is conducted. Before the air monitoring is begun, floors, wails, and
ceilings should be swept with the exhaust of a 1-hp (minimum) leaf blower. Stationary
fans, with the air directed towards the ceiling, must be used to provide continuous air
circulation in the workplace. In most cases, air monitoring samples are analyzed by
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Air samples must be collected on either 0.4-
micrometer (^m) (or smaller) pore-size polycarbonate or 0.45-/im (or smaller) pore-
size mixed cellulose ester membrane filters contained in a three-piece cassette. For
25-millimetei filters, sampling rates between 1 and 10 L/min must be used to achieve
a recommended air volume of 1200 to 1800 L Under certain circumstances (de-
pending on the size and nature of the abatement project), a site may be cleared by
phase contrast microscopy (PCM).
The AHERA TEM clearance criterion is primarily comparative in nature; i.e., it is
based on a comparison of airborne asbestos concentrations inside the abatement
work area with those outside the abatement work area but not necessarily outside of
the building.1 Although indoor air samples may be collected when air intake to the
abatement site is primarily from other areas of the building, outdoor samples are nor-
mally recommended because they are less likely to be affected by work practices that
might contaminate other areas inside the building. The AHERA clearance test requires
the collection of a minimum of five samples inside the abatement area and five sam-
ples outside of the area. A statistical test (the Z-test) is then used to determine if the
average concentrations inside the area are higher than those outside. If the Z statistic
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is less than or equal to 1.65, the site passes the clearance test and is considered
acceptable for reoccupancy.
The AHERA Z-test is preceded by two preliminary tests-an initial screening test
and a blank contamination test. The initial screening test compares the average filter
concentration of the five samples collected inside the abatement area against a value
of 70 structures per square millimeter (s/mm2). If the average filter concentration is
less than or equal to 70 s/mm2, the work area passes the clearance test without
analysis of the outside samples being required. If the work area samples do not pass
the screening test, a minimum of three blanks (fitters through which no air has been
drawn) are analyzed to check for the possibility of filter contamination that would
distort the test results.
A joint research effort by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development,
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, and the New Jersey Department of Health
(NJDOH) was conduaed during the summer of 1988 to document Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA) clearance air-sampling practices and clearance
concentrations of airborne asbestos at 20 asbestos-abatement sites in New Jersey.
Each abatement took place in a school building and involved removal of surfacing
material, thermal system insulation, or suspended ceiling tiles.
Objectives
The primary objectives of this study were as follows:
To document the AHERA clearance air-sampling practices used at 20 as-
bestos-abatement sites.
To assess the final clearance concentrations of airborne asbestos at 20
abatement sites.
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The following are the principal conclusions reached during this study:
1) Consultants who conduct clearance air monitoring often do not completely
understand and follow the AHERA sampling and analytical requirements and
recommendations. The following clearance air sampling and analytical
practices were noted at 20 asbestos-abatement sites:
At 18 of the sites (or 90%), the required five clearance air samples were
collected inside the abatement area.
At 15 of the sites (or 75%), required sampling medium (i.e., OA-nm pore
size, polycarbonate filter or 0.45-Mm pore-size mixed cellulose ester filter)
was used to collect clearance air samples.
At 18 of the sites (or 90%), recommended air sampling flow rates were
used.
Twelve of the sites (or 60%) met the EPA-recommended drying time of 24
hours after final cleaning was completed and before final clearance air
monitoring was conducted.
At 19 sites where aggressive air sampling techniques were used, only 5 of
the sites (or 25%) met the EPA-recommended aggressive air-sweeping
rate of at least 5 minutes per 1000 square feet of floor area.
At only 5 of the sites (or 25%), the recommended number of circulating
fans were used during final clearance air monitoring.
2) AHERA clearance concentration discrepancies exist between results of
sample analyses reported by the Asbestos Safety Control Monitor (ASCM)
firm's employed by the building owner and those reported independently by
-------
NJDOH/EPA. Twelve abatement sites (60%) would have failed the AHERA
initial screening test had the NJDOH/EPA sample analyses been used. Ten
of these sites would have subsequently failed the AHERA Z-test.
3) The choice of either perimeter or outdoor samples as the "outside values" in
the AHERA Z-test is critical in determining if an area is acceptable for occu-
pancy. EPA sample analyses showed that two sites would have passed the
AHERA Z-test if perimeter samples had been used as the "outside values," but
would have failed had outdoor samples been used.
4) Although the general trend indicating increased asbestos concentrations after
abatement (compared to preabatement concentrations at nine sites) was
statistically significant, only three of the seven apparent increases were statis-
tically significant on an individual basis.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are based on the preceding conclusions:
1) A comprehensive guidance document should be developed that addresses
the procedures and protocols of AHERA air monitoring. Improper final clear-
ance air monitoring resulted partly from a lack of understanding of AHERA air
monitoring procedures. The contractors expressed concern that the current
EPA-recommended protocols are contained in more than one document,
which makes them difficult to understand completely. The contractors and
ASTs recommended the preparation of a single guidance document contain-
ing both procedures and protocols for proper AHERA clearance air monitor-
ing. This document would supplement existing EPA guidance (Guidelines for
Conducting the AHERA TEM Clearance Test to Determine Completion of an
Asbestos Abatement Project--EPA 560/5-89-001) which emphasizes interpre-
tation of AHERA clearance results.
2) Outdoor ambient air samples are strongly recommended as the "outside
values" in the AHERA Z-test because they are less likely to be affected by
work practices that may contaminate other areas inside the building.
3) Followup air monitoring should be conducted at those sites that would have
failed AHERA clearance based on the sample results reported by NJDOH/
EPA. This follcwup monitoring will determine whether these airborne asbes-
tos concentrations may currently be present at these sites. The results of this
study may help direct future research efforts aimed at characterizing the effec-
tiveness of asbestos abatement programs and at evaluating the need for EPA
guidance on post-abatement management practices.
-------
4) The inconsistent AHERA clearance sampling and analysis results obtained by
monitoring firms and TEM laboratories should be investigated further in con-
text of the new training and NAVLAP certification requirements to determine if
further corrective measures are needed. EPA's Office of Toxic Substances is
working in this area. In the interim, every effort should be made to encourage
compliance with the AHERA sampling and analytical methods.
5) The persistent elevated asbestos concentrations found in perimeter and ambi-
ent areas require further definition to determine the sources and to identify the
appropriate corrective measures. Research proposed by RREL for FY '91
includes assessing methods of field testing the HEPA negative-air units. In
the interim, the need for strict adherence to containment practices prescribed
in the AHERA regulations should be emphasized.
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SECTION 3
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Site Selection
Although selection of the ?0 ^bestos-abatement projects was based largely on
availability, each site also met the following criteria:
1) Each abatement project was in a school building.
2) The abatement project involved one or more of the following: a) removal of
sprayed- or troweled-on surfacing material; b) removal of thermal system
insulation from mechanical equipment (i.e., boilers, tanks, heat exchangers,
pipes, etc.); or c) removal of suspended ceiling panels.
3) The abatement project was governed by written specifications prepared to be
in compliance with the minimum requirements of the State of New Jersey
Asbestos Hazard Abatement Subcode (N.J.A.C. 5:23-8) and EPA guidance2
for work practices and procedures to be used in performing asbestos-
abatement projects.
4) The abatement project was cleared in accordance with the sampling protocol
specified in the AHERA final rule (40 CFR Part 763).
Site Documentation
At each site, background information describing the abatement area and the ACM
abated and other miscellaneous information were obtained by interviewing an
Asbestos Safety Technician (AST) certified by the New Jersey Department of Commu-
nity Affairs and employed by an Asbestos Safety Control Monitor (ASCM) firm. The
ASCM is employed by the School District or Local Education Agency. The AST con-
tinuously monitors and inspects the asbestos-abatement project in accordance with
the Asbestos Hazard Abatement Subcode (N.J.A.C. 5:23-8). The AST must be on the
job site continuously during the abatement project to assure that the work is per-
formed in accordance with the regulations specified in the Asbestos Hazard Abate-
ment Subcode.
-------
The following information was gathered to document the AHERA clearance air-
sampling practices used by the ASCM firm at each site:
1) Conditions of sampling, i.e., aggressive versus nonaggressive sampling and
use of circulating fans to maintain air circulation during clearance sampling.
2) Air sampling methods, i.e.. filter medium, type of filter cassette, sampling rate,
sample volume, and location of air samplers.
3) The ASTs project report on the onsite supervision and AHERA clearance air
monitoring.
Air Sampling Strategy
Table 1 shows the number and type of air samples collected at each site. Pre-
abatement air samples were collected in the perimeter area (i.e., outside the intended
work area but inside the building) before the containment barriers were constructed
and outdoors. The preabatement samples were collected to determine whether the
abatement action significantly affected the airborne asbestos concentrations in these
areas. The preabatement sampling was conducted under static conditions (i.e.,
activity in the area was minima!, and the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
system was not operating. Preabatement sampling was possible at only nine sites
because of difficulties encountered in identifying sites that met the selection criteria. At
eight of the nine sites (Sites B through G, S, and T), five samples were collected bcth
in the perimeter of the intended abatement work area and outdoors. At Site P, three
samples were collected in the intended abatement work area, two samples in the
perimeter, and five samples were collected in the outdoors. The configuration of the
building and the areas specified for abatement necessitated collection of the samples
in the intended abatement area at Site P.
Postabatement air samples were collected at 20 abatement sites. Five area air
samples were collected in each of three areas: the abatement work area, the perime-
ter, and outdoors. The samples were collected at approximately the same time and
location (within a radius of 5 feet) as those samples collected by the AST for AHERA
clearance of the site. In the abatement work area, samples were collected under the
sampling conditions that existed during the final-clearance air sampling. The perimeter
area samples were collected under static conditions.
In addition to analyses of the postabatement air samples collected by
NJDOH/EPA, analyses of the pos'abatement clearance air samples collected by the
ASCM firms were also obtained. Clearance of each abatement site was based on the
results of the latter analyses.
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TABLE 1. NUMBER AND TYPE OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT EACH ABATEMENT SITE
Preabatement
Site
A
B
C
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
0
P
0
R
S
T
Totals
Samples
Sites
Work area
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
3
0
0
0
3
2
Perimeter
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
o
5a
0
0
2b
2D
0
5
5
42
9
Out-
doors
0
5
5
5
S
5
5
0
0
0
0
o
5a
0
0
5.
5
0
5
5
45
9
Postabatement
Work area
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
100
20
Perimeter
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
S
5
5
5
5
5
S
5
5
5
5
100
20
Out-
doors
5
5
5
5
S
S
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
S
5
5
5
5
100
20
a Sa.ne samples as collected at Site C; i.e.. Site M was the second abatement
project at this site.
Same samples as collected at Site B; I.e., Site Q was the second abatement
project at this site.
8
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Sampling Methodology
Air samples were collected on open-face, 25-mm diameter, 0.45-Mm pore-size,
mixed cellulose ester membrane filters with a 5-Mm pore-size, mixed cellulose ester,
backup diffusing filter and cellulose support pad contained in a three-piece cassette.
The filter cassettes were positioned approximately 5 feet above the floor on tripods.
with the filter face at approximately a 45-degree angle toward the floor. The
filter assembly was attached to a 1/6-hp electric-powered vacuum pump operating at
a flow rate of approximately 9 L/min. The sampling pumps were calibrated with a
precision rotameter both before and after sampling. A primary calibration standard
was used to calibrate the precision rotameter in the field.
Analytical Methodology
The mixed cellulose ester filters were prepared and analyzed in accordance with
the nonmandatory transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method, as described in
the AHERA final rule (40 CFR 763). A sufficient number of grid openings were ana-
lyzed for each sample to ensure a sensitivity (the concentration represented by a sin-
gle structure) of no greater than 0.005 asbestos structure per cubic centimeter
(s/cm3) of air sampled. In addition to the requirements of the nonmandatory TEM
method, the specific length ar.d width of each structure were measured and recorded.
The Public Health and Environmental Laboratories of the New Jersey Department of
Health performed the TEM analyses on the field samples under a separate cooperative
agreement with EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) in Cincinnati.
Statistical Analysis
The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to evaluate differences in airborne
asbestos concentrations before and after abatement.3 The Wilcoxon test is a non-
parametric statistical procedure that analyzes the relative ranks and magnitudes of the
differences between paired data rather than analyzing the actual data values; this test
requires fewer assumptions regarding the underlying statistical distribution of the data.
The AHERA Z-test was used to compare the final-clearance samples collected
inside the abatement area with the samples collected outside the abatement work area
(inside the building and outdoors).1 The Z-test is carried out by the following
calculation:
2-
0.8(l/n,
-------
where Y, = the average of the natural log of the inside samples
Y0 = the average of the natural log of the outside samples
n, = the number of samples collected inside the work area
n0 = the number of samples collected outside the work area
If the Z statistic is less than or equal to 1.65, the site passes the clearance test
and the abatement site is considered acceptable for reoccupancy.
10
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SECTION 4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Sample Chaln-of-Custody
During the study, sample chain-of-custody procedures were an integral part of
both the sampling and analytical activities and were followed for all air samples col-
lected. The field custody procedures documented each sample from the time of its
collection until its receipt by the analytical laboratory. Internal laboratory records then
documented the custody of the sample through its final disposition.
, Standard sample custody (traceability) procedures were used. Each sample was
labeled with a unique project identification number, which was recorded on a sampling
data sheet along with other information such as sampling date, location of the sam-
pler, sample flow rate, sample start/stop time, and conditions of sampiing.
Sample Analyses
Specif.c quality assurance procedures outlined in the AHERA rule were used to
ensure the precision of the collection and analysis of air samples, including filter lot
blanks, sealed and open field blanks, and replicate and duplicate sample analyses.
Filter lot blanks, which are samples selected at rando: - from the lot of filters used
in this study, were analyzed to determine background asbestos contamination on the
filters. Two laboratories each analyzed 2.5 percent of the total number of fitters (2000
filters) from the lot of filters used in this research study. The filters were prepared and
analyzed in accordance with the nonmandatory AHERA TEM method. The TEM
analysis of the 100 mixed cellulose ester filters showed a background contamination of
0 asbestos structures per 10 grid openings on each filter.
Sealed field blanks are filter cassettes that have been transported to the sampling
site and sent to the laboratory without being opened. Open field blanks are filter cas-
settes that ha-e been transported to the sampling site, opened for a short time (<30
seconds) without any air having passed through the filter, and then sent to the labora-
tory. Two open and one sealed field blank were collected at each abatement site
during the AHERA clearance phase of the abatement. Two open field blanks were
11
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also collected during the CTeabatement sampling at Sites B through G, P, S, and T.
Ten grid openings were examined on each filter. No asbestos structures were detect-
ed on any of the open or sealed field blanks.
The reproducibility and precision of the TEM analyses were determined by an
evaluation of repeated analyses of randomly selected samples. A recount analysis
was performed on 10 percent of the samples analyzed to assess the precision of the
counting abilities of the microscopist. A recount analysis is a second analysis of the
same field (s) performed by the same microscopist as in the original analysis. The
microscopist uses the same grid preparation and recounts the same grid openings as
originally read. The results of the recount analyses are shown in Table 2. A duplicate
sample analysis was performed on 10 percent of the samples analyzed to assess the
reproducibiity of the TEM analysis and to quantify any analytical variability due to the
filter preparation procedure. A duplicate analysis is the analysis of a second TEM grid
prepared from a different area of the sample filter and analyzed by the same micro-
scopist as in the original analysis. The results of the duplicate analyses are shown in
Table3. . . .
The coefficient of variation (CV) for the recount and duplicate analyses were esti-
mated by assuming a lognormal distribution for the data on the original scale and esti-
mating the variance on the log scale. The variance was estimated by the mean
square error obtained from a one-way analysis of variance of the log-transformed data
with sample ID as the experimental factor. The coefficient of variations associated with
the recount and duplicate analyses were 0.74 and 35 percent, respectively. Since the
duplicate analyses used different filter preparations, a higher CV is not unexpected.
12
-------
TABLE 2. DATA SUMMARY FOR RECOUNT ANALYSES"
$air«p1e No.
01P-102C
01A-4065
(HP- 2008
02P-2013
Q3A-2061
04 P- 5003
04A-20S7
05F-8034
OSA-8039
06A-20011
06P-1005
07A-2058
07A-1046
08F-3027
08A-5041
09A-4044
09A-4053
10A-606B
10A-7037
11A-5071
11A-6037
12A-7047
12A-7056
13A-9045
13A-9050
MA- 10038
14A-100S2
15A-90S6
15A-9071
ISA- 11 003
16A-11018
17A- 10059
17A- 10067
18A-30013
18A-30016
19P-7018
19A-3006S
20P-6003
20P-6007
Original
"
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
3
12
2
0
0
3
23
0
0
0
:s
0
0
0
23
12
0
51
1
27
2
1
0
4
28
22
0
0
1
0
0
0
analysis
s/cm'
0
0
0
0
0.057
0
0
0.014
0.033
0.007
0
0
0.013
0.113
0
0
0
0.103
0
0
0
0.093
0.044
0
O.J66
0.004
0.108
0.007
0.004
0
5.016
0.108
0.083
0
0
0.005
0
0
0
Recount
N
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
3
12
2
0
0
3
22
0
0
0
»e
"o
0
0
22
11
0
SO
1
25
2
1
0
4
28
21
0
0
1
0
0
0
analysis
s/crn*
0
0
0
0
0.057
0
0
0.014
0.033
0.007
0
0
0.013
0.108
0
0
0
0.099
S
0
0
0.089
0.040
0
0.260
3.004
0.100
0.007
0.004
0
0.016
0.108
0.079
0
0
0.005
0
0
0
The same grid openings «ere recounted by the same
microscoplst.
b
Number of ar.bestos structures.
13
-------
SECTION 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Site Descriptions
Table 4 describes the 20 sites where asbestos-abatement projects were evaluat-
ed. Sixteen of the abatement projects involved general occupancy areas (:lassrooms,
offices, recreational rooms, corridors, etc.); three involved boiler rooms and mechani-
cal equipment rooms; and one involved both of these types of areas. The ACM abat-
ed at 13 of the project sites involved surfacing material (acoustical plaster or fireproof-
ing), the ACM at 3 sites involved both surfacing material and thermal system insula-
tion, and the ACM at 2 sites involved suspended ceiling tiles. At 17 projects, the ACM
contained chrysotile asbestos (from 2 to 93 percent); at 2 projects, amosite asbestos
(from 2 to 10 percent); and at 1 project, both chrysotile (from 10 to 75 percent) and
anosiie (from 30 to 40 percent).
The projects involved 11 abatement contractors, 8 ASCM firms, and 5 trans-
mission electron microscopy analytical laboratories (Table 5). No single abatement
contractor, ASCM firm, or analytical laboratory was involved in more than 5, 6, or 12
projecis, respectively.
Observed AHERA Clearance Practices
Aggressive Sampling
A 24-hour drying time is recommended prior to postabatement clearance air
monitoring.2 Postabatement air monitoring should be conducted under aggressive
sampling conditions. The abatement area floors, walls, ledges, ceiling, and other sur-
faces should be swept with the exhaust from forced-air equipment (e.g., a minimum
1-hp leaf blower) to dislodge any remaining dust, and stationary fans should be used
to keep fibers suspended during sampling. Current guidance on asbestos-abatement
work practices and procedures recommends aggressive air-sweeping of the abate-
ment area for at least 5 minutes per 1000 ft2 floor area.4 The AHERA rule recom-
mends the use of at least one stationary fan per 10,000 ft3 of workspace, with the air
directed toward the ceiling to keep the asbestos fibers suspended during sampling.
15
-------
TABLE 4. DESCRIPTIONS \if THE 2( ASGtVTOS-ABATEMENT PROJECT SITES
o>
Site
A
8
C
0
E
f
G
H
1
J
K
L
H
N
0
V
Q
R
S
T
Type of ACM*
Acoustical plaster
Acoustical plaster
Pipe/boiler Insulation
Acoustical plaster
Boiler insulation
Ceiling panels
Pipe/boiler insulation
Boiler insulation
Acoustic*! plMter
Pipe insulation
Acoustical piaster
Fireproof ing
Acoustical plaster
Acoustical plaster
Pipe insulation
Acoustical plaster
Ceiling tiles
Acoustical plaster
Pipe insulation
Acoustical plaster
Pipe insulation
Acoustical plaster
Acoustical plaster
Approximate
Abatement area quantity of ACM, ft*
b
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy and boiler room
Boiler and mechanical equipment rooms
Boiler room
General occupancy
Boiler room
Boiler room
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
Mechanical equipment room
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
General occupancy
19,100
5.400
ONSC
QMS
QMS
1.500
2.200
QMS
21,000
100
5,100
5,300
8.230
1,600
QMS
11,000
2.100
8.500
1,600
5.400
2.900
7.200
4,100
Type end percent asbestos
Chrysotile Amosite
5 -
2 -
40 -
20 -
40 -
JO -
10 -
25 -
40
5 -
10 -
10 -
15 -
40 -
10 -
91 -
24 -
2 -
10 -
10 -
10
10
6
60
35
60
2 - 8
40
75 30-40
50
60
25
25
25
25
60
25
5 - 10
93
60
6
25
20
25
ACM Asbestos-containing material
General occupancy areas include classroom, offices, recreational rooms, corridors, etc.
QMS - Quantity of ACM not specified.
-------
TABLE 5. ABATEMENT CONTRACTORS. ASCM FIRMS. AND
USED AT 20 ASBESTOS-ABATEMENT
ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
SITES
Sites
A
B
C
D
E
r
G
H
1
J
K
L
N
N
0
P
Q
R
S
T
Total
Abatement contractor
1
X'
X
X
X
X
5
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
4
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
X
2
X
1
t-l
X
1
11
X'
1
ASCN firm
1
X
1
2
X
X
2
3
X
X
X
X
X
X
6
4
X
X
X
X
4
5
X
X
2
6
X
1
7
X
X
X
3
a
X
i
laboratory
1
X
1
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
3
X
X
X
X
4
4
X
X
2
S
X
i
-------
Eight of the 20 abatement sites allowed less than the EPA-recommended drying
time of 24 hours after the completion of final cleaning before final clearance air
monitoring was begun. The drying times for these eight sites ranged from 2 to 18
hours.
At 19 of the 20 abatement sites, aggressive sampling techniques were used.
Fourteen of these 19 sites achieved less than the recommended aggressive air-sweep-
ing rate of at least 5 minutes per 1000 ft2 floor area. Table 6 presents actual and rec-
ommended aggressive sampling times at each of the 20 sites. Figure 1 shows the ac-
tual aggressive sampling rates per 1000 ft2 of floor area at each site.
Only 12 of the 20 sites used stationary air fans to maintain air circulation during
clearance air sampling. Box-type fans were used at nine of these sites, and pedestal-
type fans were used at three sites. Fifteen of the observed sites failed to use the num-
ber of fans per given volume of workspace required by AHERA. The actual and rec-
ommended number of circulating fans for each site are listed in Table 6 and shown
graphically in Figure 2.
FiKer Types
Mixed ceiiulose ester membrane filters were used in the collection cf clearance
air samples at 14 of the 20 observed abatement sites. Polycarbonate membrane filters
were used at six sites. The AHERA rule permits the use of either filter type; however,
the pore size must be less than or equal to 0.45 /im for mixed cellulose ester filters
and 0.4 jim for polycarbonate filters. At three sites, 0.8-jim pore-size mixed cellulose
ester membrane filters were used to collect clearance air samples, which were not in
compliance with the AHERA regulations. All filters used for clearance air monitoring
were 25 mm in diameter and were contained in three-piece cassettes with a 50-mm
extension cow). Table 6 summarizes the type of filter used for clearance air sampling
at each site.
Flow Rates and Air Volumes
Each filter assembly was attached to an electric-powered pump operating at a
specified airflow rate. The air samples were generally collected for a set length of time
to achieve a certain minimum air volume. The AHERA rule states that pump flow rates
between 1 and 10 L/min may be used for 25-mm-diameter filters. This was the prac-
tice at 18 of the 20 sites observed. At two sites air samples were collected at flow
rates greater than 10 L/min. These results are summarized in Table 6. Air volumes
ranged from 1320 to 4161 L tor the postal itement air samples collected inside and
outside the abatement area at the obsen/f d sites. The AHERA rule recommends sam-
pling between 1200 and 1800 L of air for 25-mm diameter filters.
18
-------
TABLE 6. CLEARANCE SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PRACTICES OBSERVED
AT 20 ASBESTOS-ABATEMENT SITES
Clearance sampling
Flow rate.
Site L/min
A 7-19
B SO*
C
-------
Aggressive Air Sweeping Rate. Minutes/1000 ft
20 -ir
15H
10 J
5 H
0 -^
Recommended Aggr
Sweeping Rate per
asive Air
1000 (t*
ABCDEFQH I JKLMNOPQRST
SITE
Figure 1. Observed aggressive sweeping times per 1000 square feet
of floor space.
-------
30 -
..5-
20 -
15-
10-
5-
0
Number of Stationary Fans
LyliiLi
i I 1 I i
fill
I]
ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPORST
Site
Recommended
^^3 Actual
(
Figure 2. Recommended and actual number of stationary fans used during
AHERA clearance air monitoring.
-------
Analytical Methods
At 18 of the 20 observed sites, the laboratory reports indicated that final clear-
ance air samples were analyzed by TEM in accordance with either the mandatory or
nonmandatory TEM methods described in AHERA. At two sites, phase contrast mi-
croscopy was used to analyze the clearance air samples (Table 6). Although the sam-
ples were reportedly analyzed in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400 at these two
sites, improper filters were used to collect the clearance samples (0.4-Mm pore-size
polycarbonate filters were used instead of the 0.8-nm pore-size mixed cellulose ester
filters specified in NIOSH Method 7400).
AHERA Clearance Tests
Two sets of data were collected: 1) data collected and analyzed by the ASCM
firm (which were used to declare the site clean and to release the abatement contrac-
tor); and ?. data collected and analyzed independently by NJDOH/EPA.
ASCM Sample Analyses
Table 7 summarizes the airborne asbestos concentrations measured inside the
work area during AHERA clearance. Two of the 20 sites (F and J) were cleared by
phase contrast microscopy (PCM). During the TEM phase-in period, AHERA per-
mitted the use of PCM for clearance of removals involving 3000 ft2 or less of asbestos-
containing material. At least five samples were required inside the abatement area,
and each had to have a fiber concentration below the limit of reliable quantitation (0.01
f/cm3) for NIOSH Method 7400 to pass the clearance criterion Clearance by PCM
was pern-.' id at Site F because the removal involved approximately 2200 ft2 of ACM;
however, the single sample used to clear the site was not sufficient. A minimum of 5
samples is required by AHERA for clearance by PCM. Site J, which involved the re-
moval of approximately 5300 ft2 of ACM, was cleared by PCM analysis of two samples
even though TEM clearance was required. The other 18 sites were cleared based on
the results of the initial screening test. These results are summarized in Table 8.
NJDOH/EPA Sample Analyses
Airborne asbestos concentrations measured during AHERA clearance inside the
work area, in the perimeter area outside the work area, and in the ambient air are
summarized in Appendix A and shown graphically in Figure 3. Individual estimates of
airborne asbestos concentrations measured during AHERA clearance by NJDOH/EPA
are presented in Appendix B.
22
-------
TABLE 7. DATA SUMMARY FOR ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED FOR AHERA
CLEARANCE BY THE ASBESTOS SAFETY CONTROL MONITOR FIRMS'
Asbestos concentration. s/c«' (e«cept as noted)
Site No. of samples
A 5
8 5
C 5
0 5
E 5
F" 1
6 5
H 7
1 . 5
Jb 2
K 5
I 5
H 5
» 5
0 5
P 5
0 5
8 5
S 5
T 5
Mean
0
0
0.003
0
0.001
0.004 f/cm'
O.C10
0.001
0.006
0. CCJ f/cm*
0
0.013
0.002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.012
Minimum
0
0
0
0
0
0.004 f/cm'
0 CDS
0
0
0 f/cffl*
6
0.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.004
Maiimv*i Standard devlat Ion
0
0
0.010
0
0.004
0.004 f/cm*
0.016
O.OOS
0.027
0.002 f/cm'
0
0.037
0.010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0?0
0
0
0.005
0
0.002
0
0.004
0.002
0.012
0.001
0
0.012
0.004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.007
This dat« sixwiry li for the AH[RA clearance samples collected tnstd* the abatement area.
b
Clearance samples »ere analysed by phase contrast microscopy.
23
-------
TABLE 8. AHERA CLEARANCE RESULTS FROM SAMPLES COLLECTED
BY THE ASBESTOS SAFETY CONTROL MONITOR FIRMS
Site
A
B
C
0
E
Fb
G
H
1
Jb
K
L
M
N
0
P
Q
R
s
T
Number of samples
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
7
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Initial
Average
0
0
44
0
10
-
46
4
36
-
0
48
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
screening results
s/mm2 Decision*
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
If the average asbestos structure concentration on
filters used to collect AHERA clearance samples
inside the work area was less than 70 s/mm2, the site
passed AHERA clearance.
Phase contrast microscopy was used to clear this site.
If the average fiber concentration in samples
collected inside the work area was less than
0.01 f/cm3, the site passed AHERA clearance.
24
-------
1.0000 (
Average concentration. «/cm3
0.1000
0.0100
0.0010 >
0.0001
i y
I
E f
Site
1.0000
0.1000
0.0100
0.0010
Average concentration, a/cm3
0.0001
I
Work Art*
I Perimeter
Ambient
Figure 3. Airborne asbestos concentrations measured during
AHERA clearance by the New Jersey Department of
Health/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
25
-------
Table 9 summarizes the results of the AHERA initial screening test and the
AHERA 2-test for each abatement site based on the NJDOH/EPA samples. Twelve of
the 20 sites would have failed the initial screening test had the samples collected by
NJDOH/EPA been used (all 18 sites for which TEM analysis was used for clearance
passed the initial screening test and were cleared for reoccupancy). Figure 4 presents
a comparison of the ASCM's initial screening results and NJDOH/EPA's initial screen-
ing results. Ten of the 12 sites that would have failed the initial screening test had the
NJDOH/EPA data been used would have subsequently failed the AHERA 2-test based
on the ambient concentrations in the comparison. The other two sites (D and H)
would have passed the AHERA 2-test, primarily because of elevated levels of asbestos
in the ambient and perimeter air. The remaining eight sites would have passed both
the initial screening test and the Z-test regardless of whether ambient or perimeter
levels were used in the Z-test comparison.
The choice of either the perimeter area outside the work area but inside the
building or the ambient air as the 'outside" reference point in the AHERA 2-test would
have affected the outcome of the clearance comparison at Sites B and S. In each
case, the site would have passed the 2-test if the perimeter values had been used and
failed if the ambient levels had been used in the comparison. The perimeter area out-
side the work area can be compromised by work practices that may contaminate
other areas inside the building, by a breach in the critical barriers surrounding the
work area, by the air-filtration systems (e.g., torn ductwork passing through adjacent
building areas), or by preexisting ACM in the area. Outdoor samples are less likely to
be affected by these conditions, and their use in the clearance comparison would
generally provide a more stringent comparison.
Structure Morphology and Length Distributions
TEM analysis of the 100 abatement-area, 100 perimeter, and 100 ambient
samples collected during AHERA clearance at 20 abatement sites yielded a total of
1634 asbestos structures. Of these, 99 percent were chrysotile and 1 percent were
amphibole. Table 10 presents a summary of the structure morphology distribution,
and Table 11 presents the summary statistics for overall lengths of structures found in
the abatement area, perimeter, and ambient air at the nine abatement sites. Approxi-
mately 93 percent of the asbestos structures found in the abatement-area air and
95 percent of those found in the perimeter air were less than 5.0 urn in length. Ap-
proximately 1.5 percent of the asbestos structures found in the abatement-area and
perimeter air were greater than 10 ^m in length. Ninety-eight percent of the asbestos
structures found in the ambient air at the 20 abatement sites were less than 5.0 Mm in
length.
26
-------
TABLE 9. SUMMARY OF AHERA INITIAL SCREENING TEST AND
AHERA Z-TEST RESULTS FROM SAMPLES COLLECTED BY
THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH/ '
U.S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Mean .concentration, s/cm5
(5 samples)
Site
A
6
C
D
E
F
G
K
I
J
K
L
M
N
0
P
Q
R
S
T
Abate-
ment
area
0.002
0.016
0.050
0.079
0
0.024
0.007
0.016
0
0.004
0.063
0.118
0.322
0.100
0.004
0.005
0.099
0.002
0.012
0.049
Perimeter
0.001
O.C08
0.002
0.062
0
0.002
0.010
0.062
0
0.001
0.008
0.066
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.007
0.055
0
0.003
0.030
Ambient
0
0.001
0.004
0.052
0
0.001
0
0.003
0.006
0.001
0
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.001
0.003
0.007
0
0
0.015
AHERA clearance test
Initial
screening
Pa«s
Fail
Fail
Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
cail
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Fail
Fail
Z-Test
with
perimeter
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Fail
Fail
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
results
Z-Test
with
ambient
Pass
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Fail
Fail
Fail
Fail
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Fail
Fail
27
-------
Average concentration, a/mm2
140
E3 ASCM SimpUt
I NJDOH/EPA Simple!
AHERA
Pr**cr*«nlno
'Criterion, 70 »/f
Average concentration, s/mm 3
Figure 4. AHERA initial screening results for samples collected ':/
the Asbestos Safety Control Monitor (ASCM) firms
and the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH)XU.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
28
-------
TABLE 10. ASBESTOS STRUCTURE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING
AHERA CLEARANCE SAMPLING AT 20 ABATEMENT SITES
Type of asbestos
Samp I* location
Abatwwnt area
Per latter
tatotent
Total
Chrysotlle
1085*
412
120
1617
Anphibole
8
8
1
17
Total
1093
420
121
1634
Fibers
762
320
102
1184
Structure morphology
Bundles
35
a
2
45
Clusters Matrices
91 205
JJ 59
2 15
1Z6 279
Total
1093
420
121
1634
Table entries represent total nurtoer of asbetto* structure*.
TABLE 11. DATA SUMMARY FOR ASBESTOS STRUCTURE LENGTHS
FROM SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING AHERA CLEARANCE
SAMPLING AT 20 ABATEMENT SITES
Structure length, (im
Sample location
Abatement area
Perimeter
*nt> lent
N
1093
420
121
Mean
2.02
1.74
1.13
Mini nun
0.59
0.59
0.59
Median
1.20
0.96
0.88
Maximum
33.60
37.08
7.20
Total nuntoer of asbestos structures.
-------
Asbestos Concentrations Before and After Abatement
Preabatement samples were collected in the perimeter area and outdoors at
nine sites. Individual estimates of airborne asbestos measured by the NJDOH/EPA
before abatement are presented in Appendix C. Appendix D summarizes the results
of these measurements. Figure 5 presents a comparison of the airborne asbestos
concentrations before and after abatement at nine sites. Overall, the trend toward
higher concentrations of airborne asbestos after abatement was significant in both the
perimeter and ambient air (p <0.05). The cause of elevated asbestos concentrations
in the perimeter and ambient air, particularly at sites D and T, is unknown; however,
conditions such as torn ductwork, Improper seals on air filtration units, and breached
containment were observed at several sites.
30
-------
AMBIENT SAMPLES
Average concentration, a/cm'
0.02
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
006 li
i «b«ltm«nt
Alter abittmtnt
B
F
Sit*
PERIMETER SAMPLES
Average concentration, a/cm3
1
0.02
0.018
0.016-
0.014 -
0.012-
0.01 -
0.008 -
0.006-
0.004 -
0.002 -
0.03
C D E F Q P J
Site
No pre«b«t«m»nt umplti wtrt eoll»cl»d at
Site* A. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. Q. and R
Figure 5. Comparison of airborne asbestos concentrations
measured before and after abatement by the New
Jersey Department of Health/U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
31
-------
REFERENCES
1. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for Conducting the AHERA
TEM Clearance Test To Determine Completion of an Asbestos Abatement
Project. EPA 560/5-89-001. 1989.
2. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-
Containing Materials in Buildings. EPA 560/5-85-024. 1985.
3. Hollander. M., and D. A. Wolfe. Nonparametric Statistical Methods. John Wiley
and Sons. New York. 1973.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Measuring Airborne Asbestos Following
an Abatement Action. EPA 600-4-85-049. November 1985.
32
-------
APPENDIX A
DATA SUMMARY FOR ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED
FOR AHERA CLEARANCE BY THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH/
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Asbestos concentration.
Sanple location
Ho. of sarples
Mean
Minimum
s/cm'
Maximum
Standard deviation
Site A
Abatement area
Perimeter
Ambient
S
5
S
0.007
0.001
0
0
0
0
0.006
0.003
0
0.003
0.001
0
Site B
Abatement area
Perimeter
Arbient
S
S
S
0.016
0.008
0.001
O.U04
0
0
0.033
0.023
0.004
0.010
0.009
0.002
Site C
Abate"
-------
(continued)
Asbestos concentration,
Sanrle location
NO of sanjles
Mean
Minimum
s/cm*
Ma i i mum
Standard deviation
Sue J
Abatement area
Perimeter
Atfbient
5
S
5
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.004
0
0
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.001
0.002
0.002
Site K
Abatement are*
Perimeter
Arbient
S
5
S
0.063
0.008
0
0.03S
0
0
0.103
0.01S
0
0.025
0.007
0
Site I
Abatement area
Perimeter
Ambient
5
5
5
0.118
O.OEO
0.004
0.093
0.026
0
0.156
0.181
0.015
0.027
0.065
0.006
Site M
Abatement area
Perimeter
Ambient
5
5
>
0.322
0.002
0.002
0.054
0
0
O.S33
o.ooa
0.004
0.190
0.003
0.002
Site n
Abatement area
Perimeter .
Anbient
S
5
5
0.100
0.003
0 004
0.076
0
0.004
0.129
0.016
0.004
0.021
0.007
0
Site 0
Abatement aiea
Perimeter
An*ient
5
S
5
0 004
0.003
0.001
P 003
0
0
0.007
0.010
0.004
O.OC2
0.005
0.002
Site P
Abatement area
Perimeter
Anbient
S
S
5
o.oos
0.007
0.003
0
0
0
0.012
0.018
0.016
0.005
0.007
0.007
Site 0
Abatement are*
Perimeter
Arbient
S
S
5
0.099
O.OSS
0.007
0.030
0
0
0.1S6
0.115
0.021
0.047
0.047
0.009
Site R
Abatement area
Perimeter
Ambi»nt
5
J
S
0.002
0
0
0
0
0
0.009
0
0
0.004
0
0
(continued)
A-2
-------
(continued)
Asbestos concentration, i/ctn*
Sample location No of sa^c'es
Hean
Him muni
Maximum Standard o>viat ion
Site S
Abatement area
Perimeter
Ambient
0.012
0.003
0
0.028
0.008
0
0.012
0.003
0
Site T
Abatement area S
Perimeter 5
0.049
0.030
0.015
0.037
0
0
0.061
0.071
o.oso
0.010
0.028
0.0??
A-3
-------
APPENDIX B
INDIVIDUAL ESTIMATES OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS
MEASURED BY THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH/
U.S. EPA AFTER ABATEMENT
Sample numbers ending in 'R' represent recount analyses.
Sample numbers ending in 'D' represent duplicate sample analyses.
Sample
number
01A-2072
01A-4064
01A-4068
01A-4069
01A-4070
01A-4059
01A-4062
01A-4065
01A-4065R
01A-4067
01A-4071
01A-3072
01A-4066
01A-4061
01A-1072
01A-4060
01A-4063
01A-4072
01A-5072
02A-5051
02A-5055
02A-5056
02A-5060
02A-5062
02A-5053
02A-5057
02A-5065
02A-5066
02A-5067
02A-5052
02A-5058
02A-5068
02A-5054
02A-5059
02A-5061
02A-5063
02A-5064
03A-2043
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
1
4
8
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
6
0
38
29
5
4
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
25
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/cm3
0.004
0.015
0.030
0.019
0.011
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
~
0.000
0.012
0.008
0.023
0.000
0.146
0.114
0.020
0.016
0.004
0.004
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
*
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.105
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
.0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-1
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
03A-2059
03A-2059R
03A-2061
03A-2061D
03A-2062
03A-2070
03A-2042
03A-2065
03A-2066
03A-2063
03A-3038
03A-2064
03A-3039
03A-2069
03A-2060
03A-2063
03A-2063R
03A-2067
03A-2071
03A-3037
04A-2044
04A-2048
04A-2049
04A-2050
04A-2057
04A-2057R
04A-2039
04A-2045
04A-2051
04A-2053
04A-2056
04A-2046
04A-2047
04A-2055
04A-2038
04A-2040
04A-2041
04A-2052
04A-2052D
04A-2054
05A-8038
05A-8039
05A-8039R
05A-8042
05A-8043
05A-8045
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AKEA
13
13
30
31
22
3
15
1
17
21
4
0
0
0
23
8
8
9
16
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
12
12
5
3
3
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/craj
0.057
0.057
0.129
0.134
0.090
0.013
0.066
0.004
0.077
0.093
0.018
*
*
0.099
0.032
0.032
0.035
0.062
0.082
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
.
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.052
0.033
0.033
0.018
0.009
0.009
0.004
O.C04
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
*
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
(continued)
B-2
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
05A-8049
05A-8051
05A-8053
05A-8055
05A-8058
05A-8048
05A-8072
05A-8071
05A-8059
05A-8061
05A-8063
05A-8065
05A-8068
06A-20003
06A-20005
06A-20006
06A-20011
06A-20011R
06A-20016
0&A-2C008
06A-20009
06A-20010
06A-20013
06A-20015
06A-20007
06A-20017
06A-2CC1S
06A-20001
06A-20002
06A-20004
06A-20004D
06A-20012
06A-20014
07A-1041
07A-1041D
07A-1045
07A-1047
07A-1049
07A-1051
07A-1037
07A-1038
07A-1048
07A-1052
07A-2058
07A-2058R
07A-1040
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBI2NT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD 3 LANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA ,
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
6
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
7
4
0
0
11
9
4
1
2
2
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/cn3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.000
m
*
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00?
0.022
0.007
0.007
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.015
0.026
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.045
0.037
0.015
0.004
0.008
0.008
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
O.C04
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
»
(continued)
B-3
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
07A-1044
07A-1043
07A-1039
07A-1042
07A-1042D
07A-1046
07A-1046R
07A-1050
07A-1053
08A-5037
08A-5039
08A-5041
08A-5041R
08A-5042
08A-5043
08A-5040
08A-5046
08A-5047
08A-5048
08A-5050
08A-10072
08A-5045
08A-5038
08A-5044
08A-5049
08A-5049D
08A-6072
08A-7072
08A-7072D
08A-9072
09A-4042
09A-4043
09A-4047
09A-4049
09A-4058
09A-4041
09A-4045
09A-4051
09A-4051D
09A-4052
09A-4056
09A-4048
09A-4054
09A-4055
09A-4044
09A-4044R
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT ARZA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
0
0
8
11
13
3
3
3
51
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cms s/coj
*
0.034
0.045
0.053
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.206
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.004
,
.
.
0.000
0.000
C.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
.
.
.
0.000
0.000
*
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
.
.
.
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
.
.
.
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-4
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
09A-4046
09A-4050
09A-4053
09A-4053R
09A-4057
10-A-6065
10-A-6066
10-A-6066R
l.O-A-6067
10-A-6068
10-A-6068D
10-A-6069
10-A-7037
10-A-7037R
10-A-7038
10-A-7039
10-A-7040
10-A-7041
10-A-6057
10-A-6070
10-A-6056
10-A-6054
10-A-6055
10-A-6071
10-A-7042
10-A-7043
ll-A-6037
11-A-6037R
ll-A-6040
ll-A-6042
ll-A-6046
ll-A-6049
ll-A-5071
11-A-5071R
ll-A-6038
11-A-6038D
ll-A-6039
ll-A-6041
ll-A-6047
ll-A-6044
ll-A-6045
ll-A-6043
ll-A-506'.
11-A-507T
ll-A-6048
ll-A-6050
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
0
0
0
0
1
9
26
25
16
16
15
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/CB3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.035
0.103
0.099
0.063
0.061
0.058
0.054
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
s
0.012
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
(continued)
B-5
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
ll-A-6051
12-A-6053
12-A-7047
12-A-7047R
12-A-7049
12-A-7052
12-A-7054
12-A-6025
12-A-7045
12-A-7046
12-A-7050
12-A-7055
12-A-7055D
12-A-7044
12-A-7051
12-A-7057
12-A-6052
12-A-6058
12-A-7048
12-A-7G53
12-A-7053D
12-A-7056
12-A-7056R
13-A-9038
13-A-0038D
13 -A-',- 03 9
13-A-9040
13-A-9050
13-A-9050R
13-A-9052
13-A-9037
13-A-9041
13-A-9044
13-A-9046
13-A-9051
13-A-9047
13-A-9054
13-A-9049
13-A-9042
13-A-9043
13-A-9045
13-A-9045R
13-A-9048
13-A-9053
14-A-10044
14-A-10046
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
0
25
23
22
40
27
34
4
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
11
10
7
50
60
12
11
54
55
69
60
51
50
14
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
26
33
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cra3 s/cm5
0.000
0.098
0.093
0.089
0.156
0.107
0.135
0.015
O.!>00
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.004
,
0.040
0.037
0.026
0.181
0.217
0.044
0.040
0.282
0.288
0.530
0.473
0.265
0.260
0.054
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.102
0.129
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
*
0.004
0.004
0.004
J.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-6
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
14-A-10048
14-A-10052
14-A-10052R
14-A-10053
14-A-10038
14-A-10038R
14-A-10040
14-A-10042
14-A-10045
14-A-10049
14-A-10037
14-A-10041
14-A-10047
14-A-10039
14-A-10043
14-A-10050
14-A-10050D
14-A-10051
14-A-10054
15-A-9056
i5-A-S056R
15-A-9060
15-A-9064
15-A-9068
15-A-9070
15-A-7064
15-A-9057
15-A-9063
15-A-9069
15-A-9071
15-A-9071R
15-A-9059
15-A-9062
15-A-9061
15-A-9055
15-A-9058
15-A-9065
15-A-9066
15-A-9067
15-A-9067D
16A-11002
16A-11003
16A-i1003R
16A-11004
16A-11008
16A-11011
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMbiENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
21
27
25
19
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
1
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/cm3
0.084
0.108
0.100
0.076
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
.
,
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
*
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
O.OC3
0.003
C.C02
0.003-
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-7
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
16A-11006
16A-11009
16A-11010
16A-11013
16A-11018
16A-11018R
16A-11005
16A-11007
16A-11016
16A-11001
16A-11012
16A-11014
16A-11014D
16A-11015
16A-11017
17A-10057
17A-10059
17A-10059R
17A-10066
17A-10067
17A-10067R
17A-10071
17A-10056
17A-10058
17A-10063
17A-10063D
17A-10068
17A-10070
17A-10055
17A-10060
17A-10061
17A-10062
17A-10064
17A-10065
17A-10069
17A-10069D
17A-10081
18A-30001
18A-30008
18A-30013
18A-30013R
18A-30037
18A-30040
18A-30005
18A-30007
18A-30009
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT "
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT ARE\
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
1
1
5
5
2
0
41
28
28
7
22
21
31
0
1
5
1
0
2
0
0
0
24
7
33
0
1
11
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/cm3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.016
.
0.004
0.004
0.018
0.018
0.007
0.000
0.157
0.108
0.108
0.029
0.083
0.079
0.119
0.000
0.004
0.021
0.004
0.000
0.008
0.090
0.026
0.115
0.000
0.004
0.042
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-8
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
18A-30016
18A-30016R
18A-30054
18A-30004
18A-30006
18A-30010
18A-30015
18A-30015D
18A-30017
18A-30018
18A-30039
18A-30053
19A-30063
19A-30064
19A-30065
19A-30065R
19A-30070
19A-30073
19A-30058
19A-30061
19A-30062
19A-30066
19A-30071
19A-30067
19A-30074
19A-30068
19A-30059
19A-30060
19A-30069
19A-30072
19A-30072D
19A-30075
20A-30045
20A-30046
20A-30048
20A-30050
20A-30057
20A-30038
20A-30039
20A-30041
20A-30041D
20A-30052
20A-30056
20A-10114
20A-30043
20A-10111
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
\MBIENT
FIELD BLAN"
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
9
15
10
11
14
0
0
6
3
12
0
0
0
0
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cm3 s/cm3
0.000
0.000
0.000
*
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.012
0.028
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
*
*
0.004
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.037
0.061
0.041
C.046
0.058
0.000
0.000
0.026
0.013
0.050
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.004
*
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
.
(continued)
B-9
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
20A-30042
20A-30044
20A-30047
20A-3.0051
20A-30055
21A-1055
21A-1056
21A-1065
21A-1065R
21A-1067
21A-1071
21A-1060
21A-1061
21A-1063
21A-1070
21A-2037
21A-1064
21A-1068
21A-1058
21A-1057
21A-1059
21A-1062
21A-1066
21A-1069
21A-1069D
22A-3040
22A-3045
22A-3046
22A-3048
22A-3049
22A-3043
22A-3051
22A-3052
22A-3052R
22A-3053
22A-3054
22A-3054D
22A-3042
22A-3050
22A-3041
22A-3044
22A-3047
22A-3055
22A-3056
22A-3057
23A-30022
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT Ai
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
23A-30024
23A-30031
23A-30031D
23A-30033
23A-30036
23A-30019
23A-30027
23A-30029
23A-30029R
23A-30034
23A-30035
23A-30023
23A-30028
23A-30032
23A-30020
23A-30021
23A-30025
23A-30026
23A-30030
24A-3061
24A-3061R
24A-3065
24A-3067
24A-3068
24A-3070
247.-3059
24A-3063
24A-3064
24A-4037
24A-4038
24A-3071
24A-4040
24A-4039
24A-3058
24A-3060
24A-3062
24A-3062D
24A-3066
24A-3069
25A-6061
25A-6C62
25A-6064
25A-6064R
25A-70SO
25A-7070
25A-7059
Number of
Sample asbestos
location structures
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
SEALED BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
ABA .EMENT AREA
ABATEMENT ARE*
ABATEMENT ARE,*
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
ABATEMENT AREA
AMBIENT
18
17
9
9
11
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
5
0
9
0
26
24
34
54
49
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
41
4
5
6
40
27
9
4
3
18
28
1
Concen- Analytical
tration, sensitivity,
s/cra3 s/cn3
0.078
0.074
0.039
0.039
0.048
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.020
)
0.008
0.019
0.000
0.035
0.000
0.115
0.106
0.151
0.316
0.215
0.196
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.123
0.179
0.017
0.022
0.027
0.176
0.112
0.037
0.016
0.012
0.074
0.115
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.004.
0.00'.
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
*
»
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-11
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Sample
number
Sample
location
Number of
asbestos
structures
Concen-
tration,
s/cm5
Analytical
sensitivity,
s/cms
25A-7061 AMBIENT
25A-7068 AMBIENT
25A-7069 AMBIENT
25A-7069D AMBIENT
25A-7071 AMBIENT
25A-7066 FIELD BLANK
25A-7067 FIELD BLANK
25A-7062 SEALED BLANK
25A-6060 PERIMETER
25A-6063 PERIMETER
25A-7058 PERIMETER
25A-7063 PERIMETER
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
23
15
3
1
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.090
0.059
0.012
0.004
0.004
O.OC4
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
(continued)
B-12
-------
APPENDIX C
INDIVIDUAL ESTIMATES OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS
MEASURED BY THE NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH/
U.S. EPA BEFORE ABATEMENT
Sample numbers ending in 'R' represent recount analyses.
Sample numbers ending in 'D1 represent duplicate sample analyses.
Sample
number
01P-1012
01P-1014
01P-1016
01P-1016D
01P-1018
01P-1020
01P-1020R
01P-1021
01P-1024
01P-1002
01P-1002D
01P-1004
01P-1006
01P-1008
01P-1010
02P-2006
02P-2008
02P-2008R
02P-2009
02P-2011
02P-2011D
02P-2013
02P-2013R
02P-2021
02P-2024
02P-2001
02P-2003
02P-2015
02P-2017
02P-2019
03P-3011
03P-3011D
03P-3013
03P-3015
03P-3017
03P-3019
03P-3021
Sample
location
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
Number of
asbestos
structures
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
t
0
0
0
Concen-
tration,
s/ca3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
:
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.occ
0.000
0.000
Analytical
sensitivity,
s/cm3
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
(continued)
C-1
-------
APPENDIX C (continued)
Sample
number
03P-3023
03P-3001
03P-3003
03P-3005
03P-3CC7
03P-3009
04P-5011
04P-5013
04P-5015
04P-5017
04P-5019
04P-5019D
04P-5021
04P-5023
04P-5001
04P-5003
04P-5003R
04P-5005
04P-5007
04P-5009
05P-8001
05P-8003
05P-8007
05P-8009
05P-80C9D
05P-8011
05P-8021
05P-8024
05P-8005
05P-8013
05P-8015
05P-8017
05P-8019
06P-10012
06P-J0014
06P-10016
06P-10016D
06P-10018
06P-10020
0*P-10021
06P-10024
06P-10001
06P-10003
06P-10005
06P-100G5R
Sample
location
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
Number of
asbestos
structures
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Concen-
tration,
s/cm5
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.coo
0.000
0.000
0.000
Analytical
sensitivity,
s/cm3
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
O.C04
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
(continued)
C-2
-------
APPENDIX C (continued)
Sample
number
06P-10007
06P-10009
16P-4002
16P-4004
16P--4006
16P-4008
16P-4010
16P-4022
16P-4023
16P-4012
.'6P-4014
1WP-4016
16P-4018
16P-4020
19P-7002
19P-7004
19P-7006
19P-7C08
19P-7010
19P-7021
19P-7023
19P-7012
19P-7014
19P-7014D
19P-7016
19P-7018
19P-7018R
19P-7020
20P-6011
20P-6013
20P-6015
20P-6015D
20P-6017
20P-6019
20P-6021
20P-6023
20P-6001
20P-6003
20P-6003R
20P-6005
20P-6007
20P-6007R
20P-6009
Sample
location
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD 'BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
AMBIENT
FIELD BLANK
FIELD BLANK
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
PERIMETER
Number of
asbestos
structures
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Concen-
tration,
S/Cffl3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.000
0-000
0 000
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Analytical
sensitivity,
s/cm3
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
O.C05
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
(continued)
C-3
-------
APPENDIX D
DATA SUMMARY FOR ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED BY
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH/U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY BEFORE ABATEMENT AT NINE SITES
THE
Sample location
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Ambient
Perimeter
Asbestos
Mean
0
0.001
0.003
0.001
0
0
0
0.001
0
C.003
0
0
0
0
0.001
0.001
0.003
0
concentration, s/cmj
Minimum
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Site
0
0
Maximum
B
0
0.005
C
0.011
0.005
D
0
0
E
0
0.005
F
0
0.008
G
0
0
P
0
0
S
0.005
0.005
T
0.005
0
No. of
samples
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Standard
deviation
0
0.002
,0.005
0.002
0
0
0
0.002
0
0.004
0
0
0
0
0.002
0.002
0.003
0
D-1
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