United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/600/9-88/017
September 1988
Research and Development
&EPA
FY-1989
EPA Research
Program Guide
-------
-------
-------
Contents
Introduction 1
How to Use the Program Guide 2
Air 3
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities 3
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities 6
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) 8
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans 12
Indoor Air Pollution Activities 14
Stratospheric Ozone 16
National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 16
Global Warming 17
Drinking Water 19
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants 19
Groundwater Research 20
Ground Water 20
Drinking Water Technology. > 21
Water Quality 23
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting 23
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology 24
Wastewater Treatment Technology 25
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes 27
Hazardous Waste 28
Alternate Technologies 28
Dioxin 28
Incineration. 29
Land Disposal 30
Quality Assurance 31
Releases * 31
Waste Characterization 33
Waste Identification 34
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment 36
Biotechnology| Microbial and Biochemical'
Pest Control Agents 36
Ecology: Ecotoxieity and Risk Assessment 39
Ecology; Transport//Fate//Field Validation 39
Exposure Monitoring 40
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation 40
Special Human Data Needs ,*, ^ , 41
Structure Activity Relationships 42
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) 43
Engineering , 43
Test Method Development , 45
tn
-------
Contents (continued)
Pesticides 47
Biotechnology/ Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents 47
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 48
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 48
Engineering 49
Exposure 50
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation 50
Support 51
Test Method Development 51
Support for FIFRA Activities 52
Multi-Media Energy 53
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology 53
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base 53
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources 54
Evaluate Availability and Cost of Applicable
Control Technology 54
Understand and Quantify Effects on
Material and Cultural Resources 54
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects 55
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects 55
Understanding Atmospheric Processes 56
Intermedia 57
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer, Regulatory
Support and Regional Operations Activities 57
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program 57
Manage Visiting Scientists Program 59
Manage Exploratory Research Grant and
Centers Programs 59
Consistent Risk Assessment 61
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Program 62
Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment
(RIHRA) (Health) 62
Radiation 64
Off-Site Monitoring Program 64
Scientific Support for Radon Program 64
Superfund 65
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment 65
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
Supporting Enforcement Actions 66
-------
Contents (continued)
Provide Quality Assurance—
Superfund Program Requirements 66
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regions 67
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program and Regional Offices 68
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and
Detection 69
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research 69
Support Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts 71
Innovative/ Alternative Technology Research,
Development, and Demonstration 71
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites 71
Overview 73
Organization Chart 75
ORD Organization 76
ORD Organizational Descriptions 81
ORD Office Laboratory Abbreviations 90
ORD Key Contacts 93
ORD Regional Contacts 97
EPA Regional Offices 98
-------
Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates
and provides quality control for the progress of science.
This report provides information on the research which
EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much we
intend to spend on each program area, and on whom to
contact for further details. More than 60 percent of our
research budget will be spent through extramural contracts,
grants, and cooperative agreements with organizations
outside of EPA's laboratories.
It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness
of this research by placing great emphasis upon open
competition for extramural support. We hope that the
information in this report will stimulate qualified parties
and make their capabilities known to our research
managers so that we all might gain from sharing experience
and expertise. Please feel free to contact any of the parties
listed in this report.
-------
How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of ORD's research program are
organized first by media such as air, water, hazardous
wastes, etc. These categories are further broken down into
research foci such as scientific assessment, monitoring and
quality assurance, health effects, environmental processes,
and engineering technology. Each description is a very
broad summary of the research being done, where that
research is being done, who to contact for more
information about the program, and both the approximate
total funding for that area and the percentage of total
funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research.
Funding which is not reserved for in-house research is
spent through extramural contracts, grants and cooperative
agreements.
For each program description, one or more contacts are
listed along with the major research areas to be pursued.
For further information, you may call the contacts. Their
commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone numbers are
listed in a separate section near the end of this report.
Where two or more research laboratories are listed, please
turn to the "EPA R&D Organization" section of this report
for descriptions of the major mission and functions of each.
Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be
done in-house by EPA's laboratories. The rest will be
accomplished extramurally. Proposals for funds for
research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed
and are considered on a competitive basis. To receive
information regarding application procedures for
extramural funds, please contact the person indicated in the
area of specific interest to you. In addition, approximately
fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support
long-term exploratory research. Information regarding
funds for exploratory research grants can be obtained from
the:
Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
Finally, for further information regarding Office of
Research and Development research publications (600/
series) or for additional copies of this report, please
contact:
Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562
-------
Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
The engineering program for hazardous air pollutants
addresses problems in the industrial, commercial,
governmental (e.g., military), and public sectors. The
program is comprised of three parts: (1) prevention of
Hazardous Air Pollutant/Volatile Organic Compound
emissions; (2) overcoming technical barriers to effective
application of control devices; and (3) direct engineering
technical support.
Prevention of HAP/VOC emissions is accomplished
through developent of engineering control strategies
involving the use of such options as:
—Substitutes
—Alternative feedstocks and processes
—Recovery, reclamation, reuse
—Decision making systems for product manufacturers and
formulators
—Special prevention techniques
Overcoming technical barriers to control VOC/HAPs
and Particulate Matter less than 10 microns HAPs involves
development and evaluation of high-tech control
technologies. Such new, advanced technologies make
control possible where it was not feasible before. A good
example is the problems associated with controls for small
point and area sources. Overcoming barriers also involves
work with source-oriented controls for problem sources
such as woodstoves, flares, municipal waste incinerators,
chrome electro-plating, and asbestos manufacture.
In addition, resolving technical barriers includes work to
enhance cost/effectiveness of existing types of generic air
toxic controls such as carbon adsorption, catalytic
oxidation, and particle controls.
Other barriers that are being addressed are the increasing
complexity of application of multi-pollutant air toxic
controls. This work includes the development of rapid-
response computerized assessment of source specific
controls for permitting and standards development. This
includes development and operation of a "Situation Room"
for quick, effective, consistent, and quality assured
engineering assessments.
Technical support includes direct support to state and
local agencies and EPA Regional Offices through operation
of the Control Technology Center. It also includes source
assessment (source-related measurements) to help define
the magnitude and character of air toxic emissions,
especially as related to application of controls. The
-------
Air
Integrated Air Cancer Program falls into this area.
Technical support includes also accidental and short-term
release hazard identification/prevention.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Robert Hangebrauck 3,214.0 53
W. Gene Tucker
OEETD/HQ Paul Shapiro 641.3 75
Marshall Dick
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
Health Effects The health research program in hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs) has three goals: (1) to develop and validate
techniques to evaluate the toxic effects of HAPs, (2) to
produce dose-response data on the toxic effects of HAPs,
and (3) to develop methods which improve our ability to use
toxicological data in performing risk assessments.
Research is conducted on effects associated with specific
chemicals, chemical classes and complex mixtures.
More broadly, there is a need to evaluate whether
prolonged exposures to ambient levels of potential HAPs
poses a significant health risk. Primary research approaches
are animal toxicology and dosimetry studies. EPA
researchers will develop methods to provide data on the
genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of HAPs.
Emphasis of this research will be on the toxic components of
gaseous-aerosol complex mixtures and source emissions.
Dose-response toxicological research data on the
mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and noncancerous end
points including neurotoxicity, physiological, and pulmonary
health effects of potential HAPs will be determined. These
HAPs will be selected based upon assessments prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA)
and research needs identified by Office of Air Quality,
Planning, and Standards (OAQPS). The effects of selected
chemicals suspected of being hazardous to the nervous
system will be studied. The dose-exposure research will
provide quantitative information on the relationship between
dose (body burden) and human exposures to toxic
pollutants.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP Richard Dickerson 4,404.7 68
OHR/HQ Susan Perlin
-------
Air
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local levels
continues. EPA has developed monitoring stations to detect
and measure non-criteria pollutants in Boston, Chicago, and
Houston. These stations will function as a focal point for
development and evaluation of monitoring methods in
ambient air. Stationary source methods will be evaluated and
validated. Methods for asbestos, cadmium, nickel, dioxins,
and gaseous organics are needed. In addition, certain
advanced methods will be evaluated, including cryogenic
preconcentrations and gas chromatography/Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.
To support quality assurance needs within the program,
reference samples will be developed and maintained,
guidelines for procedures will be developed, and laboratory
audits will be performed.
A series of studies to monitor human exposure is being
carried out, including the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP) and the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM) studies. The IACP is studying wood smoke and
mobile source emissions. The TEAM studies deal with
human exposure to volatile organic compounds, pesticides,
and particulates.
In the Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF)
research program, laboratory and field studies will be
conducted to determine the atmospheric lifetimes and
transformation products of hazardous air pollutants; to
determine deposition and removal rates of hazardous
chemicals; and to identify the factors responsible for
concentration levels and spatial and temporal (i.e., seasonal)
variability of selected volatile organic compounds. Also,
research studies will examine the atmospheric chemical and
physical processes that are important in producing mutagenic
compounds in the atmosphere. The information obtained
from this program is used for preparing health assessment
documents to determine if chemicals in the atmosphere
present a hazard.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
AREAL/RTF John Clements
Steve Bromberg
Larry Cupitt
AREAL/RTP
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ
Deran Pashayan
Lance Wallace
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
6,429.1 46
1,726.1 26
0.0 0
403.7 54
-------
Air
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
Scientific Scientific assessments of HAPs by the Office of Health and
Assessment Environmental Assessment (OHEA) evaluate research
findings concerning the health effects of airborne
substances emitted from restricted stationary sources or
their transformation products, as well as background
information on physical and chemical properties, sources,
emissions, transport and transformation, and ambient
concentrations. Such assessments also evaluate chemical
compositions of fuel additives, diesel and gasoline exhausts,
human exposure to motor vehicle pollutants, and evidence
of resulting health effects.
The Agency strategy for assessing the toxicity of various
chemical substances nominated by the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) includes the following
steps: (1) Preparation of a summary health issue
assessment, i.e., an initial review of the scientific literature
concerning the key health effects associated with a given
chemical or class of chemicals; (2) If the evidence suggests
significant health effects associated with exposure to the
substance(s) reviewed, then a draft health assessment
document (HAD) is developed for review at a public
workshop; (3) If the scientific peer review supports
conclusions on significant health effects, then a
comprehensive health assessment is developed for public
comment and Science Advisory Board review prior to final
publication and use in HAP listing and regulatory
decisions.
In addition, the scientific assessment program will also
provide direct assessment support to Regions and States
for Agency Air Toxics Strategy. This includes: (1)
expanded joint operation with OAQPS of an Air Risk
Information Support Center (AirRISC) providing rapid
response to requests for technical assistance from State and
local agencies; and (2) expanded development in FY89 of
inhalation reference dose (RfD) values for non-cancer
health effects associated with toxic air pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/RTP
Contact
Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,083
56.2
Health Effects
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
The health effects program developed by the Health Effects
Research Laboratory in mobile sources develops and
validates techniques to produce dose-response data on the
-------
Air
toxic effects of carbon monoxide, and then use those
techniques to produce dose-response information.
Clinical studies will be used to produce dose-response
data on the toxic effects of low-level exposure to CO. The
cardiac and respiratory effects of CO will be evaluated in
human studies, as well as methods to related ambient CO
levels to blood levels. Non-invasive techniques will be used
to measure the cardiac effects of CO exposure. This
information will be used in performing health risk
assessments by the scientific assessment program.
Extramural funding will also be provided to the Health
Effects Institute, sponsored jointly by EPA and the
automobile industry to perform research on the health
effects of pollutants related to mobile sources, i.e., diesel
emissions, NOa, CO, O3, aldehydes, and alternative fuels.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Richard Dickerson
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
713.5
16
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities
The purpose of the Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) portion of this program is to characterize the
emissions from motor vehicles using both traditional fuels
as well as alternative fuels, such as methanol.
Laboratory studies of the impact of low ambient
temperature on the emission rates of criteria and non-
criteria pollutants from light duty motor vehicles will
continue. Emphasis will be directed to the composition of
organic emissions. Studies of the relationship between fuel
composition, including gasoline and gasoline-alcohol
blends, and the composition and rate of tailpipe,
evaporative, and refueling emissions will continue. Other
programs will emphasize the development of analytical
procedures suitable for real-time measurement of motor
vehicle emissions. Procedures for determination of the
operating condition of motor vehicle emission control
devices will be evaluated. Programs for examination,
development, and improvement of procedures for
apportionment of observed ambient pollution to motor
vehicles will be conducted.
Studies will also be conducted to characterize organic
emissions from motor vehicles under widely variant
operating conditions, i.e., temperature, speed, and fuels.
Emission rates of formaldehyde, benzene, paraffins, and
other organic compounds of interest will be determined.
-------
Air
Research in the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of the program focuses on developing
methodology for determining exposures of the population
to mobile source pollutants. A general methodology has
been developed for measuring and modeling the exposures
of the population to carbon monoxide, and this
methodology has been successfully field tested. Future
research will extend this methodology to other locations
and, where possible, to other mobile source air pollutants.
Detailed analyses of human exposure field data collected in
selected highway microenvironments will be undertaken to
develop improved commuter exposure models
incorporating traffic variables (roadway type, traffic count,
trip time, and seasonal characteristics). Data on human
activity patterns and time budgets will be further evaluated
for use in exposure models. Improved models of human
activity patterns and microenvironmental concentrations
will be developed and field tested. The Simulation of
Human Activities and Pollutant Exposure (SHAPE) model
will be modified and validated using field data from
another urban area. Additional testing of basic
assumptions incorporated in the NAAQS Exposure Model
(NEM) will be undertaken. The purpose of the research will
be to improve the accuracy and reliability of the Agency's
exposure assessment methodology for mobile source
pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
AREAL/RTP
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ
(CTF)
Contact
Gerald Akland
Wayne Ott
Frank Black
Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)
466.0
39.0
1,309.6
0.0
Percent
In-House
61
48
60
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National A mbientA ir Quality Standards (NAA QS)
The Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF) portion
of this program is responsible for conducting studies to
determine the air pollution and meteorological factors that
contribute to visibility reduction, and for developing
information on the effects of particles on materials. Light
extinction budget field studies will be performed to
determine the contribution of various types of fine particles
to visibility reduction and to determine the sources of the
particles. Laboratory and field studies will be performed to
identify and determine the significance of the volatile
component. Visibility models will be developed.
-------
Air
Research on the effects of particles on materials will
concentrate on the influence of particle size and
composition on the soiling of paint.
Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
portion of this program, improved air pollution monitoring
methods are being developed to help determine air quality
trends, support compliance with standards, and meet
enforcement needs. The data from these methods are often
used as the basis for regulatory action. The areas
investigated include ambient methods development, quality
assurance guidelines and audit materials preparation.
Ambient methods development will focus on measuring
paniculate matter in support of anticipated changes to the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA
researchers will continue to analyze the mass and chemical
composition of the particulates collected through the
Inhalable Particulate Network. Also, fiber filters from the
national, state, and local air monitoring stations will be
analyzed for trace metals and benzo-a-pyrene.
Quality Assurance support will be provided through a
standard laboratory and repository of quality assurance
materials. Routine and special audits will be conducted at
laboratories making ambient measurements and at
compressed gas vendors. QA guidelines, handbooks, data
handling systems and a precision and accuracy reporting
system will be maintained and updated. QA procedures,
materials, and audit techniques will be developed for
compliance monitoring.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements 3,261.2 54
EMSL/LV James McElroy 340.0 29
OMMSQA/HQ Marvin W. Bloch 70.0 100
AREAL/RTP William Wilson 337.4 27
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan 0.0 0
National A mbientAir Quality Standards (NAA QS)
Health Effects This research program has three major goals: (1) to provide
data on health effects of exposures to O3, NO2, CO, sulfur
oxides, particles, and lead using both human and animal
studies; (2) to provide better models to extrapolate animal
data to human effects; and (3) to develop improved test
methods for research into the physiological responses of
humans to the primary air pollutants.
Health Effects Research is conducted to refine and
improve the toxicological and epidemiological data base
-------
Air
relevant to criteria pollutants. Both human and animal-
dose response studies, as well as mathematical modeling,
will be given special attention to determine the deposition,
clearance, and pulmonary function effects of particles,
alone and in combination with ozone, NO2 and SO2-
Research will be done to improve the models used to
extrapolate animal biochemical and metabolic responses to
human effects. Both human and animal experiments will
provide data on the functional, morphological, and
biochemical changes which occur following exposures to
the primary air pollutants, and provide extrapolation
techniques to predict human pulmonary responses
including functional and morphological to gases and
particles.
Animal, human clinical, and epidemiology studies will
provide data to determine the extent to which the primary
air pollutants cause or exacerbate the development of non-
carcinogenic chronic disease. Biological endpoints to be
examined include development of cardiovascular or
pulmonary disease, aggravation of existing conditions,
changes in biochemistry and host defense mechanisms, and
changes in pulmonary structure of function. Emphasis is
currently placed on determining the acute and chronic
effects of O3 and NO2 inhalation.
The heath effects data from this research program are
incorporated into EPA criteria documents which are used
to set and revise National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS).
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Richard Dickerson
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
13,992.9
31
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
National A mbientA ir Quality Standards (NAA QS)
This research provides scientific support of NAAQS by
determining ozone impacts on forest systems of economic
or ecological value. This work will use empirical methods
to build observational data to show ozone impacts. Data is
needed to evaluate effects of air quality standards to be set
on forest exposure patterns to determine highest allowable
ozone levels with least damage, and data is also needed to
set control options and compliance monitoring. In
addition, process directed studies to develop conceptual or
predictive models to define multiple interactions between
10
-------
Air
levels of various climate stress factors, which include
natural scientific explanation for forest responses, are
needed.
Office or Total Pa-cent
Laboratory Contact Funds (Sk) In-House
ERL/COR BillHogseth 1,964.0 37.2
OEPER/HQ Peter Jutro 39,7 11.8
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Scientific The main objective of the NAAQS scientific assessment
Assessment program is to review and revise criteria documents for
sulfur oxides, paniculate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone
and other photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide and
lead.
Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) are mandated
by the Clean Air Act and, as directed by the Act, are
revised at 5-year intervals. These documents are evaluations
of the available scientific information on the health and
welfare effects of criteria pollutants. As such" criteria
documents are the primary source of information used by
EPA regulatory decision makers in setting or revising the
NAAQS.
Criteria document draft materials are developed by EPA
scientists and outside expert consultants and are peer-
reviewed by scientific experts in public workshops.
Subsequently, the document drafts are revised and, through
announcements in the Federal Register, the public is
invited to comment on the resulting external review drafts,
which are also reviewed in public meetings by the Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee of EPA's Science Advisory
Board. The final documents are submitted to the Clean Air
Docket and are published concurrently with the proposed
regulatory decisions.
In FY89, work will continue on revision of the Carbon
Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen AQCDs, and work will
be initiated on a fine particle-visibility AQCD.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds (Sk) In-House
ECAO//RTP Lester Grant 1,973.3 60.3
11
-------
Air
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans
Air quality models predicting the air quality impacts
associated with pollution abatement strategies are used in the
evaluation and development of State Implementation Plans
for the control of photochemical oxidants and gases and
particles.
The Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF) portion
of this program is responsible for conducting air quality
modeling and laboratory studies to develop a single,
defensible chemical mechanism module for use in ozone air
quality simulation models. A regional ozone air quality
model is being developed to support ozone air quality
standard development and implementation. Models will be
used to assess the air quality impacts associated with various
ozone control strategy scenarios.
Field and laboratory studies to further develop and test
different Source Apportionment Methods (SAMs) are
underway and will evaluate hybrid (chemical composition
and meteorology) SAMs for apportionment of regional
aerosols. In anticipation of a revised particulate air quality
standard based on inhalable particulates, field, smog
chamber, wind tunnel, water channel, and laboratory studies
are being used to develop and evaluate chemistry and
dispersion components of urban scale particulate air quality
models. Research is continuing to develop a first generation
regional particulate air quality model (RPM). Cooperative
transport and fate studies with the Peoples Republic of
China will continue. The User's Network for Applied
Modeling of Air Pollution (UNAMAP) program is
continuing to evaluate models to prepare computer programs
for new versions of UNAMAP, prepare user's guides and
supplements, and provide modeling consultation to users.
Field, wind tunnel, and modeling studies are being used to
develop the first generation SO2 Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model. Fluid modeling studies are being conducted on the
flow in the wake of buildings.
Additional research activities in the Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance area emphasize the development of
monitoring methods and provision of quality assurance
samples and support. EPA's monitoring methodologies for
source air pollutants will include evaluation, methods
improvement, preparation of operating guidance and
manuals for developed and commercial monitoring
instruments. Quality Assurance for the source monitoring
program is essential to ensuring that the data of known
accuracy and precision are used for regulatory and
enforcement decisions. Reference samples will be provided
12
-------
Air
and audits of laboratories making source measurements will
be continued.
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
AREAL/RTP
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ
(CTF)
Contact
John Clements
James McElroy
Marvin W. Bloch
Frank Schiermeier
Jack Shreffler
Deran Pashayan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
931.8
467.0
158.3
7,062.0
329.9
47
69
0
31
55
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans
Research in this program supports the development of New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and State
Implementation Plans by aiding in the development of
pollutant control technology which is cost-effective and
energy-efficient. The focus of the research is on the
reduction of Volatile Organic Compound, NOX, SOX
emissions.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a major cause
of non-attainment of photochemical oxidant National
Ambient Air Quality Standards. Extramural research will
evaluate VOC abatement technology such as adsorption,
thermal oxidation, and catalytic oxidation. Of particular
interest will be effective and affordable control methods for
small VOC-emitting industries.
Combustion modification methods of controlling NOX
and other emissions will be evaluated to determine
combustion modification (CM) methods for reducing NOX
emissions and improving the performance of utility and
industrial boilers. Prior research has proven the CM
methods can be effective for control of NOX as well as other
emissions, if each method is tailored to the characteristics
of the specific combustion equipment (e.g., stoker or
package boilers, coal or oil burners, and internal
combustion engines or gas turbines). Research will evaluate
an in-furnace NOX reduction technique called reburning
which involves injection of fuel downstream of the primary
combustion zone. In-house reburning experiments on pilot-
scale combustors will be continued and field test projects in
a full-scale coal-fired utility boiler will be started. In-house
tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for
internal combustion engines will be completed.
Existing technology to control gaseous pollutants is
expensive. For new utility sources, approximately 30% of
13
-------
Air
boiler costs are attributable to air pollution control. Design
and performance data for low cost, high-reliability emission
reduction technology are needed to support the Agency's
regulatory functions. Technical support to regulated
entities will be provided by conducting assessments and
fundamental research on technologies for reduction of
stack emissions of sulfur dioxide (SOa).
SOX emissions reduction technology research includes:
In-house pilot efforts will emphasize evaluation of low cost,
more active sorbents and additives for spray drying and
other dry scrubbing systems. A joint EPA/Electric Power
Research Institute symposium on SOX emission reduction
via flue gas cleanup will be planned.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Everett Plyer 1,775.3 54
Robert Hangebrauck
Jim Abbott
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 118.9 90
Indoor A ir Pollution A ctivities
Scientific EPA's indoor air program is geared toward identification,
Assessment characterization, and ranking of indoor air problems and
assessment and implementation of appropriate mitigation
strategies. EPA's research and analytical activities will
pursue both source-specific and generic approaches to
indoor air pollution. From a source-specific standpoint, the
Agency will identify high-risk pollutant sources and
characterize the exposures and health risks of various
populations to those sources. At the same time the Agency
will also pursue broad, cross-cutting strategies aimed at
assessing the total exposure of people to indoor air
pollutants and developing mitigation strategies that can
address multiple pollutants simultaneously through
improved building design and management techniques.
Activities in FY89 in the area of scientific assessment will
include development of an exposure assessment/risk
characterization framework, updating and revising the
Indoor Air Pollution Information Assessment and the
Indoor Air Reference Data Base, determining the extent of
population exposure to indoor air pollutants, and
developing biological contaminant measurement methods.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/RTP Michael Berry 429.0 44.3
14
-------
Air
Health Effects
Indoor A ir Pollution A ctivities
The goal of the indoor air health effects research program
is to determine whether exposure to indoor air pollution
contributes or leads to adverse health effects. Indoor air
often contains higher levels of pollutants than outdoor air.
Most individuals spend over 80% of their time indoors.
Sensitive populations, e.g., children and the elderly, may be
at higher risk from exposure to indoor air pollution.
Therefore, the exposure, dose, and effects from indoor air
pollution needs to be factored into the total assessment of
air pollution.
The approach to study the effects of indoor air is broad.
Genetic bioassay studies of the combustion products from
indoor air sources including environmental tobacco smoke
and kerosene heaters will be conducted in chambers, test
homes, and targeted field studies to provide a comparative
estimate of the potential cancer risk from various sources.
Human clinical studies of volatile organic compounds will
be conducted in chambers to determine effects related to
the "sick building syndrome." Field and clinical studies will
continue to evaluate cotinine as a biochemical marker for
nicotine.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Richard Dickerson
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,016.1 6
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Indoor A ir Pollution A ctivities
Indoor air research consists of development and testing of
monitoring devices and the design and implementation of
field studies to identify and quantitate pollutants indoors.
This research supports investigation of pollutant sources,
human exposures and health effects.
Methods development research investigates monitoring
devices for pollution monitoring levels'in homes. Results
are used to produce information regarding proper use
(sample locations and sample times) and performance
limitations of these devices. This research will continue to
develop and test these devices, especially personal
monitors, in other microenvironments (buildings, vehicles,
etc.).
Field studies to investigate spatial and temporal
variations in indoor air quality will be designed and
implemented in conjunction with an intensive review of
data needs.
15
-------
Air
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
and
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health Effects
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
John Clements
Lance Wallace
Total
Funds ($k)
765.7
145.0
Percent
In-House
24
100
Stratospheric Ozone
In response to increasing public and scientific concern over
the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, increased
research will provide policy-relevant information for the
terms of the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act.
Data from in-house, national, and international sources are
being compiled and analyzed to produce a scientific
assessment of the effects of continued release of gases that
modify the concentration of stratospheric ozone, and to
evaluate the alternatives that may be needed. The research
addresses three areas: health effects, ecological effects, and
welfare effects such as degradation of natural resources,
visibility impairment, and materials damage.
Studies of the effects of UV-B radiation on terrestrial
ecosystems will continue with an emphasis on determining
the relationship between UV-B exposure and other
widespread anthropogenic factors such as global climate
change and tropospheric oxidants. Research will be
conducted on UV-B effects on the marine food chain.
Further studies addressing atmospheric processes and both
industrial and biogenic emissions will occur.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/COR
ERL/NARR
ERL/ATH
HERL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
AREAL/RTP
AEERL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
R. Lackey
N. Jaworski
R. Zepp
M. Moore
R. Worrest
S. Bromberg
J. Bufalini
W. Rhodes
D. Pashayan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,371.6
301.2
225.6
655.6
1,293.0
605.0
801.2
0.0
4.2
17.0
11.3
3.9
11.1
36.1
6.4
0.0
National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES)
The third National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES-III) is one of a series of surveys
conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS) for the purpose of producing vital and health
statistics for the United States. Six NHANES studies have
been completed since 1960. NHANES-III will be conducted
16
-------
Air
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
for six years, from 1988-1994. During this time,
approximately 40,000 Americans ages 2 months and over
will be randomly selected from households, interviewed and
invited to participate in medical examinations at mobile
examination centers. Approximately 30,000 individuals wijl
undergo the medical examination which includes a physical
examination and diagnostic and biochemical testing. The
sample is a statistically representative sample of Americans
with oversampling of the very young, the elderly, Blacks
and Hispanics.
Some of the topics to be studied in NH ANES-III are
nutrition status monitoring, osteoporosis, arthritis,
respiratory and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gallstone
disease, AIDS, kidney disease, and growth and
development of children.
Research and public health goals include the following:
(1) estimating and prevalence of disease and risk factors; (2)
estimating the incidence of certain diseases; (3) estimating
the prevalence of functional impairment; (4) providing
population reference distributions of health characteristics
including growth and development; (5) monitoring secular
changes in diseases and risk factors; and (6) identifying new
risk factors for disease and reasons for secular trends in
health.
EPA and other Federal agencies have collaborated with
NCHS in previous NHANES studies and in NHANES-III.
EPA has participated in the planning of NHANES-III and
has funded two specific research areas: neurotoxic
disorders and pulmonary function.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Susan Perlin
Total
Funds ($k)
555.1
Percent
In-House
11
Global Warning
Due to increasing national and international concern over
the potential for drastic global climate change resulting
from pollutants in the troposphere and stratosphere, the
global climate program is being expanded. Ecological
system sensitivities to climate changes are being studied and
regional maps of the projected consequences of climate
change are being developed. Ecological methods
development will focus on estimating the potential changes
in such major resources as forests and surface water
availability and quality.
Emissions research includes beginning development and
source/sink models for a variety of radiatively important
17
-------
Air
trace gases, evaluating existing emissions, and evaluating
potential emissions management techniques. Atmospheric
modeling is expanded to include estimates of regional
consequences of tropospheric and stratospheric air quality
changes
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OEPER/HQ Anthony C. Janetos 1,624.4 5
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith 975.6 0
OEETD/HQ Paul Shapiro 382.8 0
ERL/COR Robert Lackey 122.5 100
AREAL/RTP Pete Finkelstein 51.2 100
18
-------
Drinking Water
Health Effects
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants
This research program provides dose-response data on
organic and inorganic contaminants. It provides
information on the best methods to obtain that data, and
information on the interpretation of toxicological data for
improving risk characterization.
Selected contaminants will be evaluated to assist in
setting maximum contaminant levels or developing health
advisories. Increasing emphasis will be on determining the
health effects of exposure to disinfectants and their by-
products. Work will be done to improve methods for
extrapolating health effects research data in order to assess
the risks associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple
chemicals in binary and complex mixtures. Epidemiology
studies on the relationship between disinfectants and cancer
and cardiovascular disease are underway.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Lyman Condie
Wade Talbot
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
6,778.4
43
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants
Scientific Revision of national drinking water regulations and health
Assessment advisory guidance given to the states requires an assessment
of the potential hazard to human health from exposure to
chemicals in drinking water. The health assessment
documents prepared under this program take the form of
both criteria documents and health advisories. These
documents are assessments of the health effects of exposure
to contaminants in drinking water. They specifically
evaluate the relevant scientific data describing the physical
and chemical properties, the pharmacokinetics, the health
effects in animals and humans, and the mechanisms of
toxicity. The health assessments are prepared for various
chemicals as requested by EPA's Office of Drinking Water
(ODW). This risk assessment process enables ODW to
establish a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG),
representing a level designed to preclude the risk of an
adverse effect on human health.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Cynthia Sonich-Mullin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
729
58
19
-------
Drinking Water
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Groundwater Research
This program will provide development of methods for
locating abandoned wells, develop geophysical methods to
detect and evaluate underground movement of fluids from
injection wells and evaluate existing instruments and
conduct research to develop new and advanced techniques
for monitoring ground water. The program will also
investigate the effects of seasonal variability on monitoring
well network design(s). In addition, accurate and reliable
total measurement systems will be developed through
standardized methods, laboratory evaluation, and quality
control procedures.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Robert Snelling
Vernon J. Laurie
Total
Funds ($k)
753.2
0.0
Percent
In-House
35
90
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Ground Water
Ground water is a major source of drinking water for the
nation. This research program provides both technical
information and improved methods for predicting
contamination movement and transformation. The research
focuses on methods development for and studies of
subsurface transport and fate processes such as biological
transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and ion
exchange. Facilitated transport research will address
complex mixture processes such as multiphase transport
and solvent composition effects on sorption. In addition,
micelle- and DOC/colloid-aided transport will be
addressed. The results of the research will allow better
human exposure assessments from ground-water
contamination. This research is closely coordinated with
that in Hazardous Waste, Superfund, and Pesticides.
Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of in-situ
aquifer restoration techniques will potentially lead to
cleanup where previously the cost was prohibitive.
Promising laboratory techniques will be evaluated on
actual contamination incidents.
Field evaluation of techniques for determining the
mechanical integrity and adequacy of construction of
injection wells will occur. Work to develop technological
alternatives for regulating Class V wells will continue.
Methods will be developed for risk assessments in
wellhead protection areas, and technical transfer activities
20
-------
Drinking Water
associated with this and other programs will be
emphasized.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
RSKERL/ADA George Keeler
OEPER/HQ Steve Cordle
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,455.0
364.7
30
43
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Drinking Water Technology
To support revision of the national drinking water
standards, this program provides data on the technologies
available, what they can attain in terms of drinking water
quality, and what they cost. Focus is on removal of
synthetic organic compounds, organics responsible for
formation of trihalomethanes, inorganic and
microbiological contaminants and on problems related to
maintaining water quality in distribution systems.
Emphasis will be on developing cost information for
treatment processes and for entire water systems.
Evaluation will also be made of the tradeoffs in planning
for rehabilitation of older water systems. In addition,
efforts will be made to address the problems of small
utilities and to assist the states and municipalities in
complying with maximum contaminant levels.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Robert Clark
Lynnann Kitchens
Total
Funds ($k)
5,216.7
0.0
Percent
In-House
63
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Drinking Water Technology
This program will provide support for the Agency-wide
mandatory quality assurance program. The ten regional
laboratories will be evaluated annually in support of the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
monitoring certification program. This program will also
conduct methods development research and provide
analytical procedures to produce precise and accurate total
measurement systems for chemical, radiochemical and
microbiological analysis. It will provide technically and
economically feasible analytical procedures to monitor
21
-------
Drinking Water
contaminants for use by the Agency, States, municipalities,
and operators of public drinking water systems.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark 2,756.9 60
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 301.0 95
OMMSQA/HQ Vernon Laurie 90.8 95
22
-------
Water Quality
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
The monitoring research program develops chemical,
physical, and biological methods for measuring site-specific
and ambient water pollution concentrations. Most of this
research is conducted in-house at EMSL-Cincinnati with a
small portion being conducted at EMSL-LV.
Research emphasizes new measurement method
standardization and development of quality assurance
support such as guidelines, calibration materials, and
performance audits. Additionally, research seeks to extend
the sensitivity of chemical methods for measuring toxic
metals in water. Research on biological monitoring
methods also includes developing methods which screen
toxic concentrations of pollutants in ambient waters, rather
than identify specific substances. Quality assurance
procedures for chronic and acute toxicological effects
monitoring, standardization of microbial, viral sampling,
and analysis methods are provided. Virus sample
preservation and assay protocols will be standardized.
Research on physical measurement methods concentrates
on documenting the validity and accuracy of sampling and
analysis regimes. The quality assurance program which
provides quality control calibration materials and
procedures for standardization of chemical and biological
analysis also conducts two audits of analytical methods
performance yearly.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Cornelius Weber
James Lichtenberg
John Winter
Charles Plost
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,676.2
90.5
95
89
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
A water quality-based approach to pollution control
provides for correction of ambient water quality problems
that remain after mandated pollution control technology
(e.g., secondary treatment, effluent guidelines) is in place.
This requires the ability to translate water quality standards
into specific effluent conditions and discharge limitations
for municipalities and industries. Research will be
undertaken to provide the necessary information and
scientific tools, including: water quality criteria,
development modification protocols; contaminated
sediment assessment techniques; wasteload allocation
23
-------
Water Quality
techniques; complex effluent testing procedures; and
ecoregion and use attainability analyses. Research on the
water quality functions of wetlands, and cumulative effects
of wetlands loss and the impacts of mitigation of wetlands
will also be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/NARR
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Robert Swank
Spencer Peterson
Nelson Thomas
Norbert Jaworski
Chieh Wu
Total
Funds ($k)
920.0
1,280.6
2,814.3
1,350.0
320
Percent
In-House
65
48
77
82
100
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
Scientific EPA's overall research program with regard to water
Assessment quality emphasizes development of the scientific and
technical base to help states develop site-specific standards
and to conduct use-attainability analyses. The scientific
assessment program will provide guidance for assessing the
risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic chemicals, and
evaluate site-specific health hazards as required by the
states and EPA. As a part of this effort, EPA develops
documentation for the specific risk assessments.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Cynthia Sonich-Mullin
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
221
68
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology
Research will support the Agency in the implementation of
technology-based effluent limitation regulations and the
modification of enforcement activities as required by water
quality-based permit adjustments. Methods standardization
research will be directed to the improvement of precision,
accuracy, and method detection limit of existing regulated
organic contaminants. Research will also validate and
correct analytical methods for the analysis of high priority
industrial wastewater components as well as evaluate
alternative analytical methods to support the National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program.
Quality Assurance activities include conducting both the
target survey and full audit of some 7,000 major NPDES
24
-------
Water Quality
permittees for the annual Discharge Monitoring Report
Quality Assurance (DMRQA) study; maintenance of a
repository for distribution of calibration, quality control,
and performance evaluation samples; and the conduct of
performance evaluation studies. The research program will
support NPDES quality assurance by providing quality
control samples and protocols and by maintaining the
standards repository, including auditing monitoring
systems data reliability, DMRQA and documentation of its
precision and accuracy.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
James Lichtenberg
John Winter
Charles Plost
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
1,278.0 98
112.6 100
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The wastewater technology research program provides the
technical information and engineering assistance needed to
develop and implement the regulations and guidance for
disposal of sludge and control of pollution from municipal
treatment plants to bring plants into compliance with state
discharge permits. This program also provides the research
in industrial wastewater characterization and control
technology needed to support the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System. The program focuses on
toxicity reduction evaluations to support the development
of water quality-based permit limitations in municipal
wastewaters, and best conventional technology and best
available technology limitations in industrial wastewaters.
Design, cost and performance information for sludge
stabilization, pathogen reduction, and dewatering processes
will be provided to support sludge regulation development
and implementation. Focus is also on supporting the
Innovative/Alternative technology program by evaluating
and transferring information on emerging technologies, and
by identifying the candidate facilities for potential 100%
modification/replacement costs.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
John Convery
Don Tang
Total
Funds (Sk)
5,515.0
0.0
Percent
In-House
40
0
25
-------
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Water Quality
Wastewater Treatment Technology
This research will identify and determine distribution of
unlisted chemicals in industrial wastewaters. Compounds
that can be identified by empirical mass spectra matching
as well as those that elude identification by this technique
will be included.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
OEPER/HQ
Contact
William Donaldson
Chieh Wu
Total
Funds ($k)
320.9
0
Percent
In-House
100
0
Health Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
Health effects research focuses on human health aspects of
municipal sludge disposal. The data from these studies are
used by the Agency for formulation of regulations, permits,
and guidelines under the Clean Water Act. One emphasis,
at present, is on land use and disposal of municipal sludges
which requires careful assessment of the effects on human
health of exposure to pollutants contained in the sludges.
Research will focus on toxic risks of heavy metals and
organic chemicals. A critical aspect of human exposure to
municipal sludges is the potential close human contact
from sludge distribution and marketing systems.
Information from these studies will be part of a
determination of the risks to the human population from
sludge distribution and marketing.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/CIN
OHR/HQ
Contact
Bernard Daniel
Wade Talbot
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
650.2
100
Wastewater Treatment Technology
Scientific The scientific assessment program provides risk assessment
Assessment methodologies for chemicals and pathogens in support of
regulatory decision making on the use and disposal of
municipal sludge. Numerical criteria and/or management
practices for pollutants in sludge are developed based on
the risk assessment methodologies. The use and disposal
options are landfilling, land application (including
distribution and marketing), incineration, ocean disposal,
and surface impoundment.
26
-------
Water Quality
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Cynthia Sonich-Mullin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
427
25
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
This program has three components: ocean disposal,
coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
To support ocean disposal permit decisions, there is a
need to provide decision makers with rationale and
procedures which are scientifically sound. These should
provide guidance for the acquisition of information and the
interpretation of this information in order to support ocean
disposal permit decisions. Under the ocean disposal
research program, emphasis will be given to the
development and testing of procedures to better evaluate
the impacts of ocean disposal actions; development of
procedures to satisfy monitoring needs for permit,
surveillance, and hazard assessment application; and
development of procedures for predicting the
bioaccumulation of contaminants and evaluation of the
significance of bioaccumulation processes, resultant tissue
residues and biological effects.
Methods for better source control decisions in the
NPDES and construction grants program are needed for
estuaries and near coastal waters. Emphasis will be given to
the development/testing of biomarker assessment methods,
development of wasteload allocation models for estuaries,
studies of ecosystem recovery, and eutrophication.
The Great Lakes research program will measure, describe
and predict the distribution, movement, fate, and effects of
toxic substances in nearshore "areas of concern" identified
by the US/Canada Water Quality Agreement. Emphasis
will be given to problems involving in-place pollutants and
mass balance modeling. This program will also provide the
International Joint Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes
National Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and
Great Lakes states with technical support and research data
synthesis related to activities under the US/Canada Water
Quality Agreement.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/NARR
ERL/GB
ERL/DUL
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Norbert Jaworski
Rod Parish
Oilman Veith
Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)
3,680
120
1,760
415
Percent
In-House
77
100
25
77
27
-------
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific
Assessment
Alternate Technologies
The treatment program examines both existing and
emerging alternative techniques for treating or detoxifying
hazardous materials. Emphasis continues to be placed on
those waste streams which will be banned from land
disposal facilities.
Research is being conducted to evaluate in-situ methods
for the destruction/detoxification/containment of dioxins/
furans and pollutants related to the production of dioxins
and similar toxicants. Major investigation will involve the
accelerated evaluation of the mobile incinerator and
destruction tests of potassium polyethylene glycolates
(KPEG) on wood treating wastes. The purpose of this
research is to determine the economic viability of the
technique and to establish: (a) test burn protocols; (b)
health and safety protocol; (c) site-specific, risk assessment
protocol; (d) an economic model for estimating the cost of
treatment per unit of material processed; and (e) national
and state permit protocol.
A major portion of the research is now devoted to
reducing the production of pollutants at their source.
Major investigation will be conducted to define assessment
techniques to measure the reduction in quantities of
pollutants produced and to identify potential area for
pollutant reduction. Evaluation of technologies for
reducing the pollutants discharged will be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Dioxin
Contact
J. Convery
C. Rogers
H. Freeman
P. E. desRosiers
Total
Funds ($k)
4,648.1
490.6
Percent
In-House
30
37
This program supports the activities of the Agency's dioxin
program through research designed to fill gaps in the
Agency's information base on dioxin in order to reduce the
uncertainties in dioxin risk assessments. The specific
projects include analysis of soil ingestion patterns in
children, and investigation of the pharmacokinetics of
2,3,7,8-TCDD in rhesus monkeys as a model for
pharmacokinetics in humans.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
OHEA/HQ AlanEhrlich
28
Total
Funds ($k)
288
Percent
In-House
-------
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration
Incineration research focuses on four areas: characterizing
performance of existing thermal technologies; developing
methods of rapid cost-effective compliance monitoring of
these facilities; characterizing the products of incomplete
combustion and their formation conditions; and developing
methods to predict performance to avoid process failure
and control process reliability. The research is conducted at
laboratory and pilot-scale facilities in Cincinnati, Research
Triangle Park, and Jefferson, Arkansas. The hypotheses
from this program are verified in full-scale field tests. The
program examines conventional incineration as well as high
temperature industrial processes.
Research on the incineration of municipal waste will also
be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the process
in destroying the hazardous components of the waste and
to determine the characteristics of the ash produced.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
D. Oberacker
R. Hall
K. Jakobson
Total
Funds ($k)
3,059.6
154.3
1,575.0
Percent
In-House
42
100
100
Health Effects
Incineration
Research on the potential carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic health effects of emissions and residues from
hazardous waste incineration (HWI) and municipal waste
combustion (MWC) will focus on the following objectives:
Perform a comparative assessment of the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of the products of incomplete combustion
(PICs) from HWI in comparison to MWC and other
industrial and residential combustion sources. Identify the
principal mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals in HWI and
MWC emissions by using bioassay-directed chemical
characterization. Determine the relationship between
exposure, tissue dose and target cell (DNA) dosimetry for
the purpose of providing data needed for risk assessment.
Support the evaluation of engineering and control
technology parameters by using short-term bioassays in the
evaluation of these parameters to determine operational
conditions which will minimize risk. Provide a comparative
assessment of waste disposal alternatives. Evaluate the
toxicity of HWI and MWC emissions, collected after
dilution, in in vivo target cell bioassays and short-term in
vivo assays. Evaluate the inhalation toxicology of HWI/
29
-------
Hazardous Waste
MWC whole emissions after dilution using the EPA
exposure chambers in connection with pilot scale
incinerators.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Joellen Lewtas
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,598.9
41
Incineration
Scientific A comprehensive risk assessment methodology for
Assessment municipal waste incineration is being developed in this
program to include the appropriate methods for assessing
the risks resulting from the use of municipal waste
incineration as well as assessing the risks remaining after
the waste has been burned.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Larry Fradkin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
398
37
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal
With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay liners will
be studied and the effectiveness of alternative closure and
monitoring procedures for surface impoundments will be
investigated. Technical Resource Documents will be
updated for use by regional and state agencies for
permitting hazardous waste disposal facilities and for
enforcing applicable regulations. This program will update
documents for disposal facility design, operation,
maintenance, and closure.
Research is also being conducted to characterize air
emissions from hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities and to assess methods to control them.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
N. Schomaker
K. Jakobson
Total
Funds ($k)
2,376.1
80.5
Percent
In-House
31
100
30
-------
Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance
To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, QC samples will be
provided to USEPA contractor, state, and local
laboratories conducting RCRA monitoring. Calibration
standards will be provided for Appendix IX compounds to
USEPA contractor, state, and local laboratories. Natural
matrix, liquid and solid performance evaluation samples
will be developed and distributed to RCRA contractors,
EPA, and state laboratories conducting RCRA hazardous
waste analyses. Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels encountered
in the environment will be developed. Statistical data on
the laboratory evaluations will be reported to the Office of
Solid Waste. Referee laboratory analyses on all RCRA
samples will be conducted. NBS traceability for PE, QC,
and method validation study samples prepared for RCRA
monitoring activities will be provided.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Thomas Clark
Robert Snelling
John Clements
Vernon Laurie
Total
Funds ($k)
662.8
728.1
179.9
368.9
Percent
In-House
15
30
50
10
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Releases
In order to determine whether underground storage tanks
(UST) containing hazardous materials are leaking, an
evaluation of basic leak detection monitoring methods for
outside an UST will be conducted. This will include: the
establishment of candidate performance criteria for several
classes of techniques; the development of a test protocol for
determination of the performance criteria; and testing of
the "most promising" leak detection methods to validate
the test procedure and to establish that instrumentation
presently exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
Network design for the placement of leak detection
sensors will focus on the excavation zone around tanks
with emphasis on vapor monitoring. However, monitoring
in the saturated zone and in native soils will also be
considered. Field measurements will be conducted and
existing private and local/state experiences with leak
detection will be investigated. Technical guidance will use a
panel of experts to develop a "decision tree" approach to
31
-------
Hazardous Waste
provide guidance for the many and varied sites throughout
the country. New technologies for leak detection
monitoring, such as fiber optics and geochemical sensors,
will be evaluated.
The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates that Spill
Prevention Control and Countermeasure plans be prepared
for all facilities engaged in the production, storage,
processing, and distribution of hazardous materials. EPA
regional offices are responsible for ensuring compliance.
The OMMSQA provides remote sensing techniques for
monitoring. Support will be provided to the Regions for
the development and revision of monitoring techniques.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Robert Snelling
Vernon Laurie
Total
Funds (Sk)
1,430.0
Percent
In-House
30
0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases
Underground storage tank (UST) research is evaluating
prevention, detection, and corrective action technologies to
identify cost-effective, reliable techniques and equipment
for USTs. Early work is producing state-of-the-art
documents for each type of technology. The primary focus
of ongoing work is the evaluation of leak detection
technologies at a test apparatus in Edison, NJ, and the
targeting of high potential technologies for improved
performance. Best engineering practices for leak
prevention, the detection of leaks, and site cleanup will be
documented.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
J. Farlow
C. Mitchell
K. Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)
1,892.8
118.9
67.1
Percent
In-House
37
100
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Releases
Within this activity, research is conducted to address
evaluation of cleanup techniques for unplanned releases of
hazardous wastes, i.e., the determination of the
applicability and cost-effectiveness of in-situ reclamation
techniques for unsaturated-zone and ground-water
32
-------
Hazardous Waste
contamination resulting from leaking underground storage
tanks and other hazardous waste sources.
At RSKERL/Ada, coordinated laboratory and field tests
of biological, physical, and chemical methods, previously
tried at hazardous waste sites, are being conducted to
determine their cost and applicability to cleanup of
pollutants from leaking underground storage tanks.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA Harold G. Keeler
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
72.0
100
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Waste Characterization
Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-effective
manner requires methods and data for predicting toxicity
of waste materials and evaluating the concentrations of
these materials at some point of exposure, and then
integrating these methods for different media into single
evaluation techniques which incorporate uncertainty into
the predictions.
ERL/Duluth is developing procedures and data to
evaluate waste characteristics and closure criteria for
impacts on aquatic habitats and lifeforms. Batteries of
toxicity tests, protocols for identifying which components
in a mixture actually cause toxic responses, and predictive
effects models for single waste constituents are being
developed.
Providing field-evaluated methods and data to predict
the concentrations of hazardous chemicals in the
subsurface environment from the treatment, storage, or
disposal of wastes is the thrust of the program at
RSKERL/Ada. Physical, chemical, and biological
processes that govern the transport rate, transformation,
and fate of wastes are evaluated and their mechanisms are
described in mathematical models. These, in turn, are
evaluated through field experiments.
Integrated, multimedia mathematical models and data
are being developed by ERL/Athens for implementing the
land disposal banning rule and evaluating waste
management and treatment needs based on potential
human health and environmental impacts. Probabilistic
techniques are developed and used to address uncertainty.
The various media models are coupled to produce both
screening-level and more site-specific multimedia exposure
assessment packages.
ERL/Corvallis is evaluating the biological hazard
associated with contaminated soils, water, and sediments
33
-------
Hazardous Waste
and is determining the bioavailability (including uptake,
translocation, and metabolism) of hazardous chemicals by
plants and animals. Multimedia protocols are being tested
and field validated in various environmental settings at
waste and spill sites.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/DUL
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Philip M. Cook
Harold G. Keeler
Rosemarie C. Russo
Harold V. Kibby
Will C. LaVeille
Total
Funds ($k)
547.3
2,294.2
3,322.1
238.1
956.9
Percent
In-House
100
52
26.4
58.0
28.8
Waste Characterization
Scientific This program provides chemical-specific health and
Assessment environmental effects documents to support RCRA 3001
listing decisions. Support is also provided to the land
disposal restruction program in the form of reference dose
(formerly Acceptable Daily Intake) documentation. The
OSWER's Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility
(TSDF) permitting effort is supported by providing
technical evaluations and assessments of specific issues that
arise in that process. Efforts to refine risk assessment
methods and provide risk assessment tools related to
hazardous waste are also conducted in this program.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Christopher DeRosa
3,165
40
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification
To improve procedures to characterize wastes for listing
under RCRA, research will be conducted to develop
methods for characterizing and detecting particular wastes
and providing criteria for determining if those wastes
constitute a potential hazard. The lack of standardized
methods emphasizes the immediate need for a
comprehensive program to assure that data of known
quality are being collected. Methods will be tested for
application to highly toxic wastes in soil and sediments, for
detection of organics in the ambient air of waste disposal
facilities, and for determining the reactions of wastes in all
media. A validation of the analytical methods contained in
the SW-846 document is being conducted.
34
-------
Hazardous Waste
Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites will be
improved, including statistics for sampling design and
evaluated standard methods. RCRA land disposal
regulations require the establishment of a ground water
monitoring program at most facilities, including detection
and compliance of saturated and vadose zone monitoring.
Of particular importance is subsurface monitoring of sites
and investigation of new techniques for monitoring soils,
and biota, ambient air, and waste incineration emissions.
Methods will be developed to detect trace metals in ground
water, ambient water, and sludges. A flux chamber method
will be evaluated to determine chemical volatility at waste
sites.
Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principal organic hazardous
constituents from waste incinerator stacks. Validated
methods for continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide
and hydrochloric acid emissions will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark 1,196.5 50
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 6,158.7 25
AREAL/RTP John Clements 754.9 30
OMMSQA/HQ Vernon Laurie 58.3 0
35
-------
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Biotechnology /Micro bial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
This research program plan addresses the three primary
engineering-oriented research concerns posed by Office of
Toxic Substances (OTS) in its implementation of the
Premanufacturing Notice (PMN) process of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA):
• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate release of the
modified genome or organism from the site of
production (e.g., in effluents);
• availability and effectiveness of containment controls or
destruction techniques; and
• worker exposure, particularly due to aerosols.
In order to satisfy these concerns, the program is divided
into two sub-sections. The first addresses biologically based
manufacturing processes, and the second addresses
deliberate application to a specific environmental area in a
remedial action to destroy or detoxify another pollutant
present in that environment.
Data bases will be developed for PMN review under the
first sub-program which permit assessment of the
occurrence, magnitude, and degree of risk management
applicable to deliberate and accidental releases from
biologically-based manufacturing processes. Models will be
developed along with an information base which the OTS
can use as a guide for identification of potential hazards
and implementation of safeguards for reduction of risk to
acceptable levels.
Because genetically engineered microorganisms have
already been developed for applications requiring
deliberate release into the environment, the second sub-
program addresses the development of procedures for
assessing the safety aspects of engineering techniques for
introducing these microorganisms into the environment.
Information developed under this sub-program will allow
the assessment of the risk of migration from the site and
risk management techniques to prevent or minimize
migration.
A number of applications will be addressed in the form
of scenarios appropriate to the environmental conditions
likely to be encountered at representative sites.
Applications considered for evaluation include: agricultural
formulations; pollutant clean-up and control (spills,
landfills, contaminated sediments, oil spills); tertiary oil
recovery; in-situ mineral recovery (metals leaching, oil
36
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Modeling,
Monitoring
systems
and Quality
Assurance
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
shale); and other operations not contained in chemical
processing equipment in the traditional sense.
The engineering assessment protocols for release and
exposure will be structured to account for several sets or
combinations of various biological properties, or subsets,
and appropriate applications involving deliberate
environmental release. Further effort will be devoted to
identifying those specific data (chemical, physical, and
biological) that will be required as inputs to the engineering
risk assessment protocols so that data can specifically be
developed and submitted as part of the PMN review
procedures.
In FY88, investigation by risk and failure analysis was
continued on pump seals and safety units to predict release
and exposure potential.
In FY89, advance sampling studies on decontamination
technology will develop experimental procedures on kill-
tank efficiency to ensure 100% kill. Evaluation of
containment approaches will be completed.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
John Burckle
Bill McCarthy
Total
Funds ($k)
265.4
11.6
Percent
In-House
15
5
Biotechnology/Micr obial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
This research evaluates and standardizes monitoring
methodology to identify and quantify release of genetically
engineered microorganisms or biotechnology products into
the environment. Standardized procedures are validated
and developed into guidelines for routine monitoring
applications.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Gareth Pearson
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
230.0
0.0
Percent
In-House
25
0
Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
The biotechnology research effort is concerned with
interactions between microorganisms and ecological
processes in an attempt to develop comprehensive
knowledge of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic
mechanisms involved. The program will examine the
37
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
potential environmental risk associated with the application
of genetically engineered microorganisms (OEMs).
Assessment of environmental impacts of OEMs requires
reliable methodologies for their identification and
enumeration in environmental samples. The methods must
address the analytical and operative criteria required for
any monitoring program. They must be sensitive and
specific to differentiate OEMs from the background of
indigenous organisms. They have to be feasible, accurate,
reproducible, and widely applicable since samples will
differ greatly from one another, such as leaf surfaces and
freshwater reservoirs.
In addition, contained laboratory systems (microcosms)
containing sediment, water, and indigenous
microorganisms are used to assess the fate of OEMs in
various ecosystems. These systems attempt to simulate
interactions between microorganisms and surfaces. The fate
of microbes in microcosms is compared with fate in natural
systems to assess the validity of laboratory data.
Research in this area applies techniques of molecular and
classical genetics to ecological studies to address survival
and growth of novel microorganisms. Questions such as
specific niche requirements, selective advantages of new
genotypes, and potential for causing harmful effects to
populations, ecosystems, or processes will be examined.
The research also addresses genetic stability of altered
microorganisms, including transmissibility of plasmids and
other genetic information in situ. All extramural monies
will be expended by the laboratories subsequent to final
planning actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/GB Raymond G. Wilhour 219.6 100
ERL/COR T. Murphy 243.1 100
OEPER/HQ Frederick Kutz 2,592.8 0
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
Health Effects Biotechnology research is aimed at the development of
methods to evaluate the potential health hazards of
genetically engineered organisms and the products of these
microorganisms. Potential mechanisms of action and
screening methods for adverse mechanisms are being
investigated. Models are being developed to assess the
38
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
potential dispersal capability of genetically engineered
genes.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
328.4
49
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk A ssessment
Environmental risk assessment studies on the linkage of
environmental exposure and ecotoxicology hazard
assessment techniques, and development of methods to
evaluate risks continues. The goal is to be able to predict
toxic risk to varied ecosystems and components within
acceptable limits of uncertainty.
The ecotoxicology studies include the movement,
transformation and ultimate disposition of toxic substances
in all environmental media and is a critical component of
this risk assessment. How plants and animals or larger
ecosystems are affected by toxic substances are also the
subjects of this research effort. Research will identify
important endpoints and mathematical modeling
techniques (population; transport) will be applied to
integrate data and depict risk. Input data will include such
results as lab to field comparative responses, ecosystems
resistence and resilience, population changes (mortality;
feeding behavior), biota uptake and system recovery. The
validated predictive tools and the results will be used in
regulatory decision-making and as a guide to formulating
regulatory criteria and standards. All extramural monies
will be expended by participating laboratories subsequent
to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Frederick W. Kutz
Total
Funds ($k)
306.9
109.8
71.4
0.0
954.9
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
0
0
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
This research encompasses the determination of the effects,
movement, transformation, and ultimate disposition of
toxic substances and their degradation products that
inadvertently enter into all environmental media. This
39
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
program provides information on how plants and animals
and larger ecosystems are affected by exposure to toxic
substances caused by accidents in commerce and industry.
Specific activities include developing and validating
techniques for assessing hazards, exposure and estimation
of the fate of existing chemicals.
Information developed in the above studies provides data
necessary for hazard and exposure assessments and for
designing mathematical models of chemical transport,
transformation and fate. Research addresses such problem
areas as: intermedia transfer, characteristics of chemicals
(e.g., chemical kinetics/hydrolysis rate constants) and the
processes of the receiving environment; comparative
toxicological responses; system level effects (e.g.,
community alterations); effects of toxicants on animal and
plant development and chemical structure-activity
techniques applied to plant responses (e.g., uptake).
Research results help the Agency to determine potential
adverse impacts of toxicants and to help formulate
preventative or remedial actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/GB
ERL/COR
Contact
Rosemarie A. Russo
Raymond G. Wilhour
Thomas A. Murphy
Total
Funds (Sk)
877.4
864.3
772.2
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring
Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardization of monitoring
methods to estimate total human exposure and population
exposures. Human activity patterns are studied to improve
estimates of exposure. Total human exposure data are used
to construct models to estimate an individual's pollutant
exposure in all media.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
EMSL/LV Gareth Pearson
AREAL/RTP Gerald Akland
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
1,318.2
555.5
150.0
Percent
In-House
40
23
0
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation
This research is aimed at providing techniques to reduce
the uncertainties in risk assessments. Techniques are needed
to extrapolate between adverse effects seen in animal
40
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
species and human health effects and between high doses
used in animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. Dosimetry models are being
developed for oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of
exposure. Biological markers research focuses on the
development of indicators of biological dose and resulting
effects for eventual application to studies of human
populations.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,381.1
34
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation
This research evaluates biochemical, genetic and
immunologic techniques as indicators of human exposure
to chemical pollutants. These biomarkers are tested for
sensitivity, selectivity and reliability in human exposure
monitoring systems. Field studies are used to validate and
standardize biomarkers for routine applications in
exposure monitoring. Monitoring results are correlated
with human activity patterns to describe the sources of
exposure.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Gareth Pearson
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
211.8
0.0
Percent
In-House
20
0
Health Effects
Special Human D at a Needs
This research is designed to provide information to assist in
identifying and regulating existing chemicals with potential
human health risks. Research focuses on developing
epidemiological and biostatistical methods. Efforts in
biochemical epidemiology are underway to identify and
evaluate biomonitoring and screening methods for
potential application to human environmental
epidemiology.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total
Funds ($k)
1,564.5
Percent
In-House
27
41
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Structure A ctivity Relationships
This research is designed to determine the disposition of new
toxic chemicals in all environmental media and to determine
if selected plants and animals might be affected. This
involves developing structure-activity relationships (SAR)
with methodologies based upon molecular structure
characteristics to rapidly assess the environmental fate and
toxicity of new chemicals. Structure-activity includes those
data bases and mathematical models which are used for
predicting bioaccumulation, toxicity, and fate. Activities
include the development of data bases on plant uptake, fate
of organic chemicals, toxicity to fish and reactivity of
chemicals in the air. Integrated into this research is data on
transport and transformation of both organic and inorganic
substances in freshwater and multimedia environments and
application of SAR to predict effects of new chemicals on
biota. The latter includes predictions on toxic mechanisms
and microbial biotransformation and metabolism. Expert
systems are being applied to the SAR approach.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
Percent
In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 368.3 100
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 525.8 66
Health Effects
Structure A ctivity Relationships
Methods are being developed to use combinations of
descriptions based on molecular structure to predict
enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other activities of new
chemicals to support section 5 of TSCA. Techniques
include pattern recognition and statistical and
thermodynamic analyses. In addition, chemical data bases
are being constructed for use in predicting toxicological
responses for new chemicals with similar structures.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
932.7
44
42
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and
Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control A ct (TSCA )
Quality assurance research efforts provide support to
program activities. Research is conducted to evaluate the
reliability and reproducibility of analytical methods for
complex organic chemical compounds used in
environmental monitoring field studies or networks, to
produce reference chemicals and analytical spectra for
chemical compound identification and to provide
standardization procedures and guidelines for program
offices field studies.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
ARE AL/RTF
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Tom Clark
Gareth Pearson
John Clements
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)
203.7
699.0
315.0
53.8
Percent
In-House
11
51
10
0
Support for Toxic Substances Control A ct (TSCA )
Scientific The scientific assessment program provides evaluations and
Assessment assistance to the Office of Toxic Substances in the area of
health risk assessments for cancer, mutagenicity,
reproductive and developmental effects, and exposure. These
activities will support decision-making under TSCA (i.e.,
existing chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines
and test rules development).
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Harold Zenick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
108.5
98.2
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program supports the Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS) in its implementation of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA), Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA), and Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), Title III. The program
focuses on the development of predictive capabilities to be
used in assessing release and exposure levels for the review
of Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs) for new chemicals,
and the techniques and controls for ensuring "no risk"
exposure to existing chemicals.
43
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
The new chemicals part of this toxics research program
has been developed around both the unit operations,
manufacturing and processing, and the "industrial setting."
Research in the operations area has focused on drying and
filtration equipment. Emphasis has been placed on the
frequency of exposure, and the magnitude and duration of
inhalation and dermal exposure levels in the work place.
Additional emphasis has been directed toward simulating
the "real-world" environment.
Research in the industrial settings area has been
concentrated on those manufacturing scenarios found in
the polymer processing industry. Emphasis has been
directed toward exposures associated with the off-gassing
of monomers, degradation products, and polymer
additives.
In the fate assessment of toxic compounds portion of this
research program, emphasis has been placed on water
soluble compounds which, ultimately are subjected to
secondary wastewater treatment, and in particular,
activated sludge treatment. Based on the high numbers of
azo-dye PMN submissions, selected dyes are being
investigated.
Agency AHERA guidance has been developed only by
best engineering judgement. Research is underway to
evaluate the effectiveness of current guidance which
includes removal, and in situations where the asbestos-
containing materials would be left in place, operations and
maintenance procedures.
To satisfy the needs as expressed in AHERA, research
efforts will also evaluate transportation and disposal
options, and attempt to indicate the "least-burdensome"
strategy when several "risk-free" options are available.
The program will eventually shift toward developing
more cost-effective removal/containment technologies and
toward addressing the broader area of control technology
for all respirable and durable fibers, especially asbestos
substitutes.
To provide for more reliable release estimates in
accordance with the "Community Right to Know"
reporting requirements of SARA Title III, a workshop is
planned to survey and assess the various estimation
techniques available, and develop a research strategy to
upgrade the least-to-less reliable estimating techniques in a
prioritized way.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/CI Roger Wilmoth 1,3719 15
OEETD/HQ Bill McCarthy 80.1 10
44
-------
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Test Method Development
Test method development research seeks to provide
improved procedures to identify and quantitate chemical
compounds of interest. Emphasis is placed on development
of biological and chemical procedures to measure chemicals
in different media including pollutant dose in the body and
specific environmental media. New statistical techniques are
developed for spectra analysis, for field study designs and for
population sampling to improve routine monitoring.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Tom Clark
Gareth Pearson
John Clements
Michael Dellarco
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
227.0
440.6
274.9
92.1
26
20
21
100
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
Environmental hazard assessment research focuses on
developing, improving and validating single and multi-
species toxicity tests for chronic and acute toxicity in
aquatic ecosystems. The developed methods are validated
in microcosms in the laboratory, and in natural and
constructed field ecosystems to define their applicability in
real-world situations.
Test methods development for aquatic biota provides
new or modified bioassays which support toxicological
evaluations on such concerns as uptake from contaminated
sediments, extrapolations from species to species and
determining carcinogenic potentials of chemicals.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
ERL/NARR
Contact
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Norbert A. Jaworski
Total
Funds ($k)
152.1
286.0
50.9
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
Health Effects
Test Method Development
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, EPA must provide
industry with guidance to test chemicals for potential hazards
to public health. In order to base regulatory decisions on the
best possible data, reliable test methods must be developed
for incorporation into test guidelines. The goal of this
45
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
research is to develop short-term, cost-effective, predictive
methods for detecting the toxic effects of chemicals. These
test systems include both in vitro and in vivo methods and
bioassays for predicting adverse health effects such as
alterations in reproductive and developmental processes and
immunotoxic and neurotoxic effects.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP William F. Durham 1,537.0 64
OHR/HQ Randall Bond
Test Method Development
Scientific The scientific assessment program will continue to develop
Assessment assessment methods for cancer/non-cancer effects in humans
caused by exposure to environmental chemicals. New issues
will include reversibility and validation of weight-of-evidence
schemes. Chemical-specific methods that can be used to
assess heritable risks from chemical exposures will continue
to be developed. Methods to reduce uncertainties associated
with risk assessment will be continued.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OHEA/HQ Harold Zenick 235.2 55.3
46
-------
Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This portion of the research program is planned to develop
or improve bioassay methodologies for determining the
effects of biological control agents or biochemical agents
(e.g., hormones, pheromones) on non-target biotic
receptors. The application of the methods assists in
establishing testing guidelines and in registering and
controlling the use of these control agents. Agents of
interest include both genetically altered and unaltered
bacteria, viruses and fungi. Parameters to be studied
include routes of exposure, methods to recover or identify
the agents and to estimate virulence, toxicity and
infectivity. Survival, growth, persistence and effects plus
controlling abiotic factors are of concern. Genetic transfer
and stability associated with genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs) will be investigated. Special
handling and monitoring methods and systems will be
studied. All extramural monies will be expended by the
laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds ($k)
151.1
98.9
460.6
912.3
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
0
Health Effects
Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
Models will be developed on potential interaction of
microbial agents and the mammalian cell. Goals are (1) the
determination of the ability of microbial agents to replicate,
and (2) to provoke immune responses in non-target
(mammalian) hosts. Methods will also be developed using
monoclonal antibodies and biotinated DNA probes to enable
the identification of genetic material from microbial
pesticides in non-target sites such as mammalian cells in vitro
and in vivo. Research will also focus on the effects of
genetically engineered pesticides on mammalian organisms.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
895.6
34
47
-------
Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxidty and Risk Assessment
To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary to develop
a focused risk assessment process for integrating hazard and
exposure assessments into models which express the
probability of risk to important non-human populations.
This facet of the research program develops environmental
risk assessment methodology by combining impact data
using existing or new models to express risk as a probability
with estimates of the associated uncertainty.
New endpoint responses will be studied encompassing
ecosystem structures and function. Selected wildlife and
microbial populations will be used to reflect population
changes and other changes that influence risk evaluations.
Other parameters that affect model integrity will be studied
(e.g., species susceptibility; chemical routes of exposure and
uptake and residues). Modeling will be supported through
data integration and model calibration and validation will be
supported through field studies which includes all media. All
extramural monies will be expended by the participating
laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds ($k)
0.0
60.4
216.3
0.0
774.9
Percent
In-House
0
100
100
0
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
Research will concentrate on the development, refinement
and validation of techniques and models to measure and
predict pesticide transport, degradation, exposure, effects
and fate in the environment. Laboratory and field studies
will be conducted to substantiate the applicability of
methods and mathematical models and to ensure that
results are valid and reflect environmental responses under
natural conditions. Data from these studies will be used to
assess pesticide hazards to surrogate species, populations
and communities representative of aquatic and terrestrial
habitats.
These investigations will include analysis of abiotic
influences on study results and on various chemical and
physical factors and processes. Sorption, leaching and
bioaccumulation will be evaluated. Ground water
contamination and associated processes will be explored
48
-------
Pesticides
and remedial actions sought. Predictive techniques for
exposure concentrations will be improved with studies on
pesticide sorption kinetics, transformations and
mechanisms of degradation.
Information and data including assessments and
predictive tools, evaluations of assessment criteria, models
and user manuals, workshops and reviews are applied to
support the Agency's regulatory actions.
All extramural monies will be expended by the
laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds ($k)
300.4
386.2
446.6
878.7
916.1
Percent
In-House
100
47
54
77
29
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program which supports the Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP) consists of two major areas: protective
clothing and disposal technology. Several areas of protective
clothing research are concluding which will provide a
"Guidance Manual for Selecting Protective Clothing for
Agricultural Pesticide Operations." This manual will serve as
a reference document for the OPP to use in protective-
clothing issues related to OPP's regulatory and training
activities. This manual will include standard test methods
and performance data from both laboratory and field tests.
The Manual will serve as a basis for developing regulatory
and training materials specific to sectors of the user
community. It will eventually be adapted to serve as a user's
reference.
Research will continue to evaluate and improve, as
appropriate, existing disposal techniques and processes for
destroying specific pesticide compounds for which the
Agency has indemnified the manufacturer and taken
possession of the product.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Michael Royer
Ed Bates
Bill McCarthy
Kurt Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)
837.4
1,378.3
39.0
12.5
Percent
In-House
40
25
49
-------
Pesticides
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure
The Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES)
is being conducted to develop and test the Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) approach for
measurement of pesticides used routinely by the general
population and seeks to relate exposure of the population
to pesticide use patterns involving personal air, food,
drinking water, and dermal exposure. This study will
evaluate TEAM methods for pesticide exposure and
determine if non-occupational pesticide usage in and about
homes should be studied further as an important pollutant
source.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Gerald Akland
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
382.8
0
Percent
In-House
13
0
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation
This research focuses on developing animal models to assess
health risks and improve methodology for extrapolating
results of animal toxicity studies into risk estimates for
humans. Studies will include evaluation of interspecies
differences in the dermal absorption of pesticides,
examination of structure-activity relationships, examination
of metabolic differences between species which may
contribute to teratogenic outcomes, and the investigation of
potential interactions between alterations in maternal health
status and susceptibility to pesticide exposures. Additionally,
a computerized data management system which analyzes
genetic data will continue to be developed.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,014.6
52
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation
A new program is being initiated with the goal of relating
external dose to internal dose and to early indicators of
disease states resulting from exposure to pesticide residues.
Research studies are being carried out to define the
relationship between biological indicators of exposure as well
50
-------
Pesticides
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
as studies in dosimetry and extrapolation related to
genetically mediated health effects.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Support
Contact
R. K. Mitchum
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
330.0
19.1
Percent
In-House
10
0
The pesticides quality assurance program ensures the
accuracy of the data which is attained through testing and
analysis. This program maintains a pesticide repository of
high purity chemicals which are used by more than 1,400
laboratories in the United States and in foreign countries.
These samples are used as standard reference samples for
internal quality control. In addition, interlaboratory
comparison samples are prepared. Also, the program will
provide samples of pesticide chemicals no longer produced,
but still regulated, in the United States. Such reference
samples are necessary to perform analyses in soil, plant, or
animal tissues at the required degree of accuracy.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
R. K. Mitchum
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
596.4
0.0
Percent
In-House
57
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
Laboratory studies will develop, improve and validate bioassay
methodologies to be used as standardized pesticide testing
protocols for aquatic organisms. Various methods will be
geared to testing chosen life stages of representatives or
surrogate test species for long-term or short-term durations.
These methods will help assess both exposure and effects (e.g.,
mortality and teratogcnic response) of pesticides and pesticide
ingredients under acute and chronic conditions and some may
be used for monitoring particular pesticides or sensitive biota
and for predicting response. Influencing environmental factors
which may modify testing results will be studied to establish
confidence limits for the methods under given conditions. The
methods will contribute to establishing or modifying pesticides
testing guidelines.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL GB
Contact
Raymond G. Wilhour
Total
Funds ($k)
255.6
Percent
In-House
100
51
-------
Health Effects
Scientific
Assessment
Pesticides
Test Method Development
This research involves developing and refining bioassays for
the detection of adverse alterations in the development of
reproductive processes in animals which allow for more
accurate evaluations of reproductive development and
function. Techniques are also being developed, validated,
refined and implemented for determining human genetic
effects caused by exposure to chemical carcinogens and
mutagens. Additionally, methods are being developed to
determine the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity of
pesticides.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
William F. Durham
Randall Bond
Total
Funds ($k)
1,782.6
Percent
In-House
67
Test Methods Development
The scientific assessment program will continue to develop
assessment methods for cancer/non-cancer effects in humans
caused by exposure to environmental chemicals. New issues
will include reversibility and validation of weight-of-evidence
schemes. Chemical-specific methods that can be used to
assess heritable risks from chemical exposures will continue
to be developed. Methods to reduce uncertainties associated
with risk assessment will be continued.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Harold Zenick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
535.2
36.2
Support for FIFRA Activities
Scientific The scientific assessment program provides evaluations and
Assessment assistance to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the area of
health risk assessments for cancer, mutagenicity,
reproductive and developmental effects and exposure.
Support is also provided on a case-by-case basis with
laboratory data audits. Methods to reduce uncertainties
associated with risk assessment will be continued.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
OHR/HQ
Contact
Harold Zenick
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
241.6
100
52
-------
Multi-Media Energy
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology
This area is supporting the evaluation of alternative acid
rain control technologies: specifically the development and
commercialization of an integrated NOX/SO2 control
technology—The Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB).
The LIMB control technology can substantially reduce
both NOX and SO2 emissions while at the same time
reducing the costs for control. A systematic development is
underway to bring the LIMB technology to the point where
industry would be willing to commercialize it. The 1989
program will include: research on sorbent reaction
mechanisms, prototype scale testing of the tangentially-
fired experimental systems for extrapolating the
performance to commercial scale, detailed analysis to
identify potential operability and reliability problems, and
operation and testing of the industry/EPA cofunded full
scale demonstrations on wall-fired and tangentially-fired
utility boilers.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Jim Abbott
Marshall Dick
Total
Funds ($k)
3,412.0
160.5
Percent
In-House
30
77
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base
The installation of the National Dry Deposition Network
will continue. By the end of FY89 approximately 65 sites will
be operational. The quantification of subgrid variability of
dry deposition will continue with particular attention to
areas of complex vegetation and terrain.
In the wet deposition area, development of better wet
collectors (buckets) and determining snow chemistry
representativeness and comparing rain gauges will have high
priority. Quality assurance, data systems support, and
analyses of spatial and temporal variation of data are an
integral part of the program.
A state of science paper will be written for the 1990
assessment.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Steven Bromberg
Ken Knapp
Barbara Levinson
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
4,225.8
1,059.9
71
17.2
53
-------
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Multi-Media Energy
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources
This research effort gives primary emphasis to completing
the development of a high quality emissions data base for
calendar year 1985. SO2, NO,, and VOC are the emission
species of principal interest. Models to forecast emission
trends and costs of various control programs are being
developed. These economic sectoral models and the
emissions inventories will be used to support regional and
national policy analysis including the NAPAP 1990
assessment.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Michael Maxwell
Dennis Trout
Total
Funds ($k)
3,228.3
0.0
Percent
In-House
35
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate A vailability and Cost of Applicable
Control Technology
This program assesses the engineering and economic
potential of current and emerging technologies for removing
acid deposition precursors from combustion and industrial
sources. The work considers non-hardware approaches such
as fuel switching as well as retrofit technologies such as the
limestone injection multi-stage burner, E-SOX and duct
injection.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Michael Maxwell
Dennis Trout
Total
Funds ($k)
354.9
0.0
Percent
In-House
35
0
Understand and Quantify Effects on Material and
Cultural R esources
The theoretical damage function for galvanized steel will be
validated against field data. Chamber and field studies for
paint/substrate systems will continue in order to make the
link between microscopic damage and macro-damage
(peeling, cracking, blistering, etc.). A state of the science
report will be written for the 1990 assessment.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
Contact
John Spence
Barbara Levinson
Total
Funds ($k)
1,517.8
558.5
Percent
In-House
3.8
0.9
54
-------
Multi-Media Energy
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify A quatic Effects
The Aquatic Effects Research Program comprises the
following activities: (1) Classification of sensitive waters and
watersheds based on the analysis of the National Surface
Water Survey data bases; (2) formulation of predictive
regional aquatic chemistry models which incorporate
episodic and non-episodic events; (3) development of
biological response models for fish populations and other
aquatic biota; (4) assessment of drinking water quality and
possible health effects due to toxic metal mobilization and
bioaccumulation in fish; (5) expansion of the Direct/Delayed
Response Project (DDRP) research to include Mid
Appalachian Region; (6) operation of a prototype intensively
studied watershed site in Maine to collect data for use in
testing predictive models of watershed response to acid
deposition; and (7) initiation of a program to detect and
monitor incipient changes in sensitive surface waters and
watersheds.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/COR
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
ERL/DUL
EMSL/CI
Contact
Dan McKenzie
Gareth Pearson
Steven Bromberg
Jack Durham
Bill Fallen
John G. Eaton
Cornelius Weber
Total
Funds ($k)
11,600
2,636
518
3,533
460
60.1
Percent
In-House
4
10
68
100
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects
Research will be performed at several integrated, multi-
disciplinary intensive research sites in spruce/fir, southern
commercial, eastern hardwood, and western coniferous forest
types. The effects of acidic deposition alone or in
combination with associated pollutants will be considered in
the light of hypothesized mechanisms. A vegetation survey
and a central synthesis and integration activity will be
undertaken in support of this research, and the design of
future research.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
ERL/COR
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Dick Paur
Robert A. Lackey
John Malanchuk
Total
Funds (Sk)
3,200.6
6,008.7
1,363.4
Percent
In-House
3.0
5.0
21.0
55
-------
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Multi-Media Energy
Understanding A tmospheric Processes
This research is designed to improve our capability to
examine and predict the atmospheric transport, chemical
transformation and the wet and dry deposition of acidic
substances emitted into the atmosphere. Laboratory and field
studies, using airborne and surface gas measuring
instruments, and an extensive deposition monitoring network
is being undertaken to study the movement and
transformation of acids and their precursors from sources to
receptors. Modules which mathematically simulate the
atmospheric processes are being developed for the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RADM). A major field program
has been planned-to test and evaluate RADM.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OEPER/HQ
Contact
H. M. Barnes
Dennis Trout
Total
Funds (Sk)
9,157.3
0.0
Percent
In-House
6
0
56
-------
Intermedia
Technology
Transfer,
Regulatory
Support
and
Regional
Operations
Activities
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer, Regulatory
Support and Regional Operations A ctivities
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) has oversight of three outreach
activities: ORD participation in the Agency's regulatory
development process to ensure the scientific defensibility; a
comprehensive and systematic ORD technology transfer
effort with emphasis on state and local governments and
industry; and more effective assistance by ORD to EPA
Regional Offices. Through its Regional Scientist Program,
OTTRS is to have a scientist in each EPA Region by 1989.
The Director advises the Assistant Administrator on the
priority science-policy issues and the regulatory support
provided directly to Program Offices by ORD scientists
and engineers. OTTRS also oversees the establishment and
improvement of ORD program effectiveness through
technology transfer and ORD-specific implementation of
the 1986 Technology Transfer Act and the increased
attention to Regional Office needs and networking of
national issues.
Office or
Laboratory
OTTRS/HQ
Contact
Peter Preuss
Total
Funds (Sk)
2,510.7
Percent
In-House
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program
A significant portion of EPA's budget is spent on collecting
environmental data. Quality assurance (QA) activities play
an integral role in the planning and implementation of
environmental data collection efforts and in the evaluation
of the resulting data. By means of their QA programs, EPA
organizations can enjoy substantial resource savings,
because they collect only those data that are needed, and
because they can be sure that the data they collect are of
the requisite quality.
Quality assurance is the process of management review
and oversight at the planning, implementation, and
completion stages of an environmental data collection
activity to assure that data provided by a line operation to
data users are of the quality needed and claimed. Quality
assurance should not be confused with quality control
(QC); QC includes those activities required during data
collection to produce the data quality desired and to
document the quality of the collected data (e.g., sample
spikes and blanks).
57
-------
Intermedia
Quality assurance programs consist of specific activities
conducted before, during and after environmental data
collection. During the planning of an environmental data
collection program, QA activities focus on assuring that the
quality of the data needed by data users has been defined,
and that a QC system has been designed for measuring the
quality of the data being collected. During the
implementation of a data collection effort, QA activities
ensure that the QC system is operating and that problems
found by QC are corrected. After environmental data are
collected, QA activities focus on assessing the quality of the
data obtained. Here, one determines whether the data
obtained are adequate to support data-dependent
regulatory decisions or research hypotheses.
The Quality Assurance Management Staff (QAMS) is
charged with overseeing the quality assurance activities of
the Agency. QAMS came into being in May 1979, when the
Agency recognized the need for formalizing an Agency-
wide quality assurance program for all environmental data
collection activities. More recently, with the issuance of
EPA Order 5360.1 in April 1984, the Agency's quality
assurance program has been significantly strengthened and
broadened. The Order mandates that QA be an integral
part of all environmental data collection activities, from
planning through implementation and review.
The Order identifies the activities basic to the
implementation of a QA program. These include:
• requiring QA in all Agency-supported environmental data
collection activities,
defining Data Quality Objectives,
developing quality assurance program and project plans,
conducting audits,
implementing corrective actions based on the audits,
establishing achievable data quality limits for methods
cited in EPA regulations,
• developing and adopting technical guidelines for assessing
data quality, and
• providing for QA training.
In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have focused
on identifying the basic elements that are essential to
effective quality assurance for environmental data. QAMS
has put considerable emphasis on issuing guidance defining
these key elements and describing their importance in the
efficient and effective expenditure of resources assigned to
environmental data collection. This guidance development
phase is now essentially complete, and in FY 1989 QAMS
58
-------
Intermedia
will proceed with full-scale implementation support and
oversight.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OMMSQA/HQ Stanley Blacker
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,705.8
50
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
Manage Visiting Scientists Program
The Visiting Scientists Program has two components: a
competitive visiting scientists and engineers program and a
summer fellowship program. The objective of the Visiting
Scientists and Engineers Program is to attract accomplished
visitors into the Agency for 1 to 3 years to assist in
strengthening the Agency's science policy and research
program. Candidates are sought through annual
advertisements in nationally known scientific and engineering
publications. They are then subjected to a rigorous peer
review from which only the top candidates are recommended
for assignment to an EPA laboratory. In FY 1988, two
candidates passed peer review.
The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
cooperation with the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and sponsors the assignment of
post-doctoral environmental science and engineering fellows
to EPA facilities for the summer months to conduct
environmental research projects. In FY 1988, 10 highly
qualified fellows were sponsored.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
200
0
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
Manage Exploratory Research Grant and Centers
Programs
This program has two major components: the Research
Grants Program and the Environmental Research Centers
Program. The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of priority
interest to the Agency. Research proposals are solicited via
two mechanisms: (1) the general "Solicitation for Research
Proposals" which is published each year and invites
proposals in broadly defined areas of environmental science
and engineering, and (2) the Request for Applications (RFA)
59
-------
Intermedia
which is a more targeted solicitation mechanism which
requests proposals in well-defined areas of particular interest
to the Agency. All proposals received in response to either
mechanism are subjected to a rigorous peer panel review. In
addition, those responding to the general solicitation must
undergo an Agency relevance review. Areas in which
research proposals will be requested in FY 1989 under the
general solicitation include: environmental biology,
environmental health, environmental engineering and
environmental chemistry and physics.
In an effort to provide more support to minority
institutions for the conduct of basic environmental research,
the Research Grants Program makes available pre-
application assistance for minority faculty at Historically
Black Colleges and Universities through its Minority
Institutions Assistance Program. Whether or not this
assistance is used, however, research proposals received
under this program are reviewed along with proposals
received under the general solicitation and in accordance
with the standards applied thereunder. The Research Centers
Program supports multidisciplinary research which is
conducted in a university setting and focuses in areas of
priority interest to EPA. For FY 1988, the following eight
university research centers were sponsored:
Waste Elimination Research Center (Illinois Institute of
Technology): study innovative technology and process
modification to reduce industrial pollutants.
Intermedia Transport Research Center (University of
California—Los Angeles): define chemical/physical processes
governing pollutant exchange at air-land and air-water
boundaries.
Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell University): identify
and apply ecosystem principles to environmental
management problems.
Marine Sciences Research Center (University of Rhode
Island): assess marine ecosystems health, emphasizing
exposure of marine organisms to toxics.
Advanced Control Technology Research Center
(University of Illinois): study separation technology, thermal
destruction, biological separation, and chemical
detoxification.
Ground Water Research Center (University of Oklahoma,
Oklahoma State University, and Rice University): study
subsurface characterization, transport and fate, and ground-
water horizon modeling.
Epidemiology Research Center (University of Pittsburgh):
study basic epidemiology methods and airborne paniculate
health effects.
60
-------
Intermedia
Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana State
University): study the design, construction, maintenance,
operation, and closure of hazardous waste landfills.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OER/HQ Roger Cortesi 12,771 0
Consistent Risk A ssessment
Scientific The scientific assessment program provides uniform Agency-
Assessment wide guidance on, and assures the consistency of, exposure
and risk assessments that support regulatory decision making
by EPA.
The program consists of three major components—risk
assessment guidelines, the Risk Assessment Forum, and the
Integrated Risk Information System.
Risk Assessment Guidelines—Work will continue on the
development of Agency-wide risk assessment guidelines.
Guidelines for the assessment of risks to the male and female
reproductive systems are scheduled to be published in final
form. Guidelines for neurotoxicity, for making and using
exposure measurements, and for assessing certain risk from
non-cancer health effects are expected to be proposed for
public comments. Revisions or expansion of the current
guidelines for cancer and developmental toxicity will be
proposed. Work will continue on guidelines for ecological
risk assessment.
Risk Assessment Forum—The Risk Assessment Forum, a
group of senior scientists meet regularly to promote
consensus on risk assessment issues and to ensure that this
consensus is incorporated into appropriate risk assessment
guidance.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)—EPA's
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is an electronic
data base of summary health risk information and regulatory
information on chemical substances. Primarily intended to
serve as a guide for EPA staff when assessing the health risk
posed by a chemical, IRIS is available to EPA contractors,
state and international environmental agencies, other federal
agencies, universities and other risk assessors. This Agency-
wide system is readily accessible on E-mail. The health
assessment information contained in IRIS has been reviewed
and agreed upon by EPA review groups of expert scientists.
By the end of the year about 450 chemicals should be in the
data base, and inhalation reference doses will be included for
the first time.
61
-------
Intermedia
Methods to reduce uncertainties associated with risk
assessment are also funded within this program.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Harold Zenick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,410.1
62.9
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Program
Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25% of its
extramural research and development budget to Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR). The SBIR Program
funds, via contracts, small businesses with ideas relevant to
EPA's mission. The program focuses exclusively on projects
in control technology or process instrumentation
development. Proposals are solicited in the fall of each year
for Phase I research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level up to $50,000. Of these
Phase I studies, the best are selected for Phase II studies
where actual product development is started. Phase II studies
are supported up to a level of $150,000. To date, half of the
Phase I efforts have been supported in Phase II. Results
from the SBIR Program are expected to lead to the
commercial development of a product or process used in
pollution control. In fiscal year 1988 the SBIR budget was
about $2.5 million.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Walter Preston
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
2,500
0
Health Effects
Research to Improve Health Risk A ssessment
(RIHRA) (Health)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) relies on
quantitative risk assessments of human health effects to
guide the regulatory decision-making process in carrying
out the mandates given to EPA under existing
environmental legislation. The utility of the risk-based
decision making process is dependent upon the accuracy of
available effects data and on our ability to extrapolate this
information to man. In situations where the scientific data
is insufficient, the risk manager is presented with a broad
range of possible risks upon which to base his decision.
This uncertainty has significant impacts and ramifications
62
-------
Intermedia
for the regulatory process in terms of balancing human
health risks against other societal needs.
The primary objective of the RIRHA program is to
develop a systematic and integrated research program to
improve the scientific basis supporting health risk
assessments. Emphasis is being placed on identifying and
addressing the significant uncertainties inherent in the risk
assessment process. This program will provide critical
information on the relationship between exposure (applied
dose), dose to target tissue (delivered dose), and associated
health effects. Both laboratory and field research will be
conducted that will improve our understanding of basic
biological mechanisms, especially as it relates from one set
of circumstances to another. Research will address four
major areas: (1) Analysis of Uncertainty in Risk
Assessments, (2) Integrated Exposure Assessment, (3)
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models, and (4)
Biologically Based Dose-Response Models.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP Larry Reiter 7,279.7 4
OHR/HQ Ken Sexton
63
-------
Radiation
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program
The overall goal of the research program is to provide the
scientifically credible data necessary to assess public
exposure to non-ionizing radiation and to man-made
radioactive materials and to allow decisions to be made
regarding control of that exposure.
In addition, this program provides quality assurance for
the Agency's programs for monitoring radiation in the
environment. These are supported by providing a common
source of radionuclides standards and reference materials
and through the conduct of laboratory intercomparison
studies to assure data of known quality from analyses of
environmental samples such as milk, water, air and food.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Charles Costa
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
163.2
0.0
Percent
In-House
100
0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program
This engineering program for radiation supports the
Agency's Radon Action Program. It is directed at
developing and demonstrating cost-effective methods for
reducing radon in houses and other structures. The results
of these tests, along with analysis of the findings of others,
are provided to the States, private sector organizations
(such as builders and contractors), and to homeowners.
The research will continue to extend the number of
techniques, the housing substructure types and the
locations for testing. The research focuses primarily on
radon mitigation techniques for existing houses and
prevention techniques for new construction, although
radon mitigation techniques applicable to school buildings
will also be assessed.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total
Funds (Sk)
Percent
In-House
AEERL/RTP W. Gene Tucker 3,278.2 32
OEETD/HQ Lynnann Kitchens 156.4 73
64
-------
Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
Situation Assessment
Analytical protocols, sampling techniques, monitoring
methods, and data interpretation approaches useful for
characterizing air, surface- and ground-water, wastes, and
soils at Superfund sites will be developed, evaluated, and
demonstrated. These methods include air monitoring
techniques for ambient and source sampling; analytical
sample preparation methods; geophysical methods such as
high resolution seismic reflection to assist in subsurface
characterization; x-ray fluorescence measurements of metal
concentrations; remote sensing techniques and geographic
information systems for collection and analysis of present
and historical site data; soil core preparation procedures;
portable gas chromatography for volatiles analysis;
personal computer-based geostatistics computer programs;
and analytical techniques for determining hydraulic
properties of soils.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CI
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
William Budde
William McClenny
Ann Pitchford
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
452.4
283.1
2,033.4
0.0
Percent
In-House
45
16
22
0
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
Situation A ssessment
Scientific Site-, chemical- and situation-specific exposure and risk
Assessment assessments are being prepared to assist the program office
and Regions in evaluating the alternative courses of action
and regulatory strategies that might be applied at
uncontrolled Superfund sites. Activities include development
of health and environmental effects assessments for the
chemicals most frequently found at candidate sites,
participation in the development of toxicological profiles,
and provision of rapid response health assessments in a short
time frame.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Christopher DeRosa
65
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
705
50
-------
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Superfund
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Requires Technologies for Response and Remedial
A ction, for Protecting the Personnel
Involved and for Supporting Enforcement A ctions
This research program develops and evaluates clean-up
technology, demonstrating proto-type equipment such as
mobile incineration systems and mobile soil washing
systems. Remedial technology will be assessed and
technical reports provided which will include design data
and cost information. Engineering expertise will be applied
to the assessment of uncontrolled hazardous waste site
situations to assist the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Regions and others in the development of
corrective measure options. Manuals will be developed
establishing personnel safety protocols and evaluating
equipment and techniques, especially for decontamination
of equipment and personnel. In addition, short-term, quick
turn-around technical programs and consultation will be
provided to the regional programs and the Office of Waste
Programs Enforcement for enforcement support.
The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program has been established to enhance the
development and demonstration, and thereby establish the
commercial availability, of innovative technologies as
alternatives to containment systems. The primary goal of
the SITE program is to field evaluate these technologies at
Superfund sites in order to develop reliable cost and
performance data.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
Percent
In-House
RREL/CIN R. Hill
S. James
OEETD/ HQ Kurt Jakobson
28,675.5 9
1,278.5 57
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Quality Assurance—
Superfund Program Requirements
Effective remedial design/remedial actions at Superfund sites
depends upon analytical data of known and appropriate
quality. This program provides support to the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response's Contract Laboratory
Program, which is responsible for most contract chemical
analyses under the Superfund program.
66
-------
Superfund
Support is provided to the CLP in numerous ways.
Quality assurance reference materials, such as calibration
standards, quality control samples, and performance
evaluation samples are designed, prepared, and distributed,
according to uniform and consistent protocols, for analysis
by contract laboratories. The analytical data generated by
the laboratories are audited in order to assess intra- and
inter-laboratory performance and method performance.
These data are maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Data Base. Pre- and post-award on-site contract
laboratory inspections are performed to complement the
performance evaluations. Based on method performance
data, existing analytical protocols are reviewed and
improved. A quick response referee laboratory service is
provided for use of the EPA Regions.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CI
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA
Contact
John Winter
Larry Butler
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
706.9
4,016.1
0.0
Percent
In-House
18
17
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regions
Site specific monitoring and characterization for all media in
support of Superfund investigations is provided to the
Agency as part of the Technical Support Program. State-of-
the-art monitoring and analytical techniques, as well as
thorough quality assurance are essential, especially in
enforcement cases. Many monitoring and characterization
support activities are provided on an as-requested basis.
These include remote sensing for historical and current site
assessment; air, surface- and ground-water, and soils
monitoring for site characterization; and analytical chemistry
support. Additional support provided includes advice/
assistance on sampling methods, design of sampling plans,
and analytical method modification. The full range of quality
assurance/quality control assistance is offered including
design and review of quality assurance plans, provision of
quality control materials, and data analysis and
interpretation.
67
-------
Superfund
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CI
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
William Budde
William McClenny
Ann Pitchford
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
420.6
403.1
1,477.9
0.0
Percent
In-House
25
20
18
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program and Regions
This function provides rapid technical expertise and
services to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement, the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Regional
Offices, the Environmental Response Team, Department of
Justice, and state governments.
Laboratory personnel and facilities are available on a
"when and where requested" basis to provide site and case-
specific technical support. Assistance includes training or
advice on use of sampling and analytical techniques and on
use of appropriate assessment models, including those for
ecological risk estimation. In addition, a clearinghouse for
information on remedial action technologies, methods, case
histories, etc., will be established. Bioassessment assistance
will focus on evaluation and application of the protocol to
leachate and contaminated soil samples and performing
environmental assays. Technical support will also be
provided on contaminated marine coastal areas and on
polluted sediment remediation. A multimedia, human
exposure/risk assessment methodology for prioritizing
candidate remedial action sites in terms of their threats to
human health will be developed.
Office or
Laboratory
RSKERL/Ada
ERL/Athens
ERL/Cor
ERL/Narr
Contact
M. Richard Scalf
Rosemarie C. Russo
Harold V. Kibby
Norbert A. Jaworski
Total
Funds ($k)
889.2
450.0
658.8
620.0
Percent
In-House
21.3
0.0
28.8
0.0
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program and Regional Offices
Site- and chemical-specific health assessments are being
provided to support enforcement office needs for the
remedial planning and cost recovery efforts. Assessments
68
-------
Superfund
provided range from brief hazard summaries to detailed and
peer-reviewed documents used in negotiations and litigation.
Risk assessments developed by Regional Offices are
reviewed for consistency, technical quality, and adherence to
Agency risk assessment guidelines. Technical support on risk
assessments is provided to the states and regions.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Kevin Garrahan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
758
59
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and Detection
The purpose of this program is to develop and evaluate
monitoring techniques and systems which are rapid and
inexpensive, fill technical voids, integrate monitoring
systems into multi-media site assessments, and are as
specific, selective and sensitive as possible. Section 31 Ic of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
authorizes EPA to conduct research "with respect to ...
detection of hazardous substances in the environment."
These innovative approaches offer potentially significant
cost and time savings to Superfund site investigations.
Activities for FY89 will focus on the development and
standardization of field analytical and sampling methods;
development of cost effective sampling designs and
approaches; and development of techniques for managing
and interpreting field data. For example, immunoassay
systems for screening single compounds or classes of
compounds and field portable systems such as fiber optics
chemical sensors will be developed. To further promote
their development, EPA will co-sponsor an international
symposium on field screening methods scheduled for
October, 1988 in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Ann Pitchford
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
1,834.1
0.0
Percent
In-House
5
0
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
Scientific This program fulfills, in part, the Agency's responsibilities
Assessment under the new Section 31 l(c) to establish a research program
to assess, detect, and evaluate effects on, and risk to, human
69
-------
Superfund
health from hazardous substances. It enhances the Agency's
internal research capabilities relative to CERCLA assessment
activities. The scientific assessment research program,
specifically, is integrated with the health effects program, and
is developing data and procedures to fill information and
assessment gaps that exist in the various phases of the
Superfund public health evaluation process, e.g., toxicity
assessment, risk characterization, and exposure assessment.
Test methods are being developed to allow evaluation of the
hazard potential of waste mixtures. Screening techniques for
early detection of adverse health effects are being developed
as are improved measurement techniques for non-cancer
health endpoints such as reproductive effects. Extensive
programs in pharmacokinetic modeling and exposure
assessment methodology development are also underway.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OHEA/HQ Harold Zenick 2,192 9
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
Health Effects Research develops data and methods to address risk
uncertainties in the Superfund public health evaluation
process. This process involves assessment of toxicity,
exposure, and dose in support of the characterization of risk.
The research provides improved health evaluation measures
to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks to human health from
hazardous substances as needed for Superfund removal and
remedial cleanup decisions.
Research will develop test methods needed to evaluate the
hazard potential of waste mixtures, screening techniques for
early detection of adverse health effects, and improved
measurement of health endpoints particularly non-cancer
endpoints such as reproductive effects and neurotoxicity.
Predictive techniques that can reduce the uncertainties in risk
assessment caused by data limitations will be developed and
site-specific data will be generated in response to requests
from the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, the
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement and EPA Regional
Offices.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP Robert Dyer 3,7405 8
OHR/HQ Thomas Miller
70
-------
Super fund
Support Report able Quantity Regulatory Efforts
Scientific Chemical-specific data are being provided on
Assessment carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support the program
office activities necessary to adjust, by regulation, the
Reportable Quantities (RQ) for hazardous substances.
These include completion of the original CERCLA
hazardous substance list and the Extremely Hazardous
Substances List, as well as listings in association with
Section 3001 of RCRA support for designation of new
substances, and review of old RQ calculations.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Alan Ehrlich
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
779
29
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Innovative/A Iternative Technology Research,
Development, and Demonstration
Section 31 Ib of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act requires EPA to conduct the Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program, which
seeks to accelerate the application of promising new
technologies to Superfund problems. Pursuant to this
program, the Office of Modeling and Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance is demonstrating and evaluating
promising monitoring technologies. Examples of
technologies being considered for demonstration include
fiber optics chemical sensors for groundwater contamination,
immunoassay systems for organics contamination, cannisters
for air sampling, x-ray fluorescence for rapid metals
screening, geophysical equipment for remote sensing of
buried waste, and cone penetrometers for rapid and extended
depth soil sampling.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Eric Koglin
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
835.9
0.0
Percent
In-House
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites
This research activity is focused on evaluating both
naturally occurring and improved microorganisms for the
degradation of hazardous substances. Present knowledge
and available biodegradation technology will be expanded
71
-------
Superfund
to enable this cleanup technique to be advanced as a viable
option to existing chemical and physical remediation
processes.
To effect cleanup of hazardous chemicals in the
environment, the metabolism of indigenous
microorganisms will be enhanced and genetically
engineered microbial strains with novel biodegradation
characteristics will be constructed. Methods and principles
for their application will be developed and potential
ecological risks determined. The program will identify high
priority chemical structures for study, develop gene banks
of novel capabilities, and develop approaches for rapid
biodegradation. All extramural monies will be expended by
the participating laboratories and subject to final planning
actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RSKERL/Ada Harold G. Keeler 128.5 100.0
ERL/Athens Rosemarie C. Russo 75.1 100.0
ERL/GB HapPritchard 75.5 100.0
OEPER/HQ Will C. LaVeille 1,750.0 0.0
72
-------
Overview
Introduction
The primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency is to mitigate the adverse impacts of pollution on
human health and the environment. Toward that end,
Agency management must make decisions regarding the
development of policy, guidance, standards, regulations,
and the appropriate tools for implementing pollution
abatement strategies. It is the primary mission of the Office
of Research and Development (ORD) to provide high
quality, timely scientific and technical information in the
service of Agency goals. The Agency's research program is
conducted through 12 environmental laboratories across
the country, employing some 2000 people, with an annual
budget of about $375 million. The research focuses on
areas targetted by the planning process as needing
additional emphasis in order to provide the information
required for Agency decision making.
Research Perspectives
The overvall planning process engenders an applied
research and development program focused on answering
key scientific and technical questions related to EPA's
decision making, short-term scientific and technical studies
supporting immediate regulatory and enforcement
decisions, and a longer-term research program that extends
the knowledge base of environmental science and
anticipates environmental problems.
The core research and development program is focused
on the following functional areas:
• Health effects research—to determine the adverse effects
of pollutants on human health
• Ecological effects research—to determine the adverse
effects of pollutants on ecosystems
• Environmental process and fate research—to understand
how pollutants are transported and modified as they
move through soils, ground and surface waters, and the
atmosphere
• Environmental monitoring research—to develop methods
of identifying pollutants in the environment and
measuring exposure to such substances
. Risk assessment research—to develop methods to
integrate information on pollutant sources, fate and
transport, exposure, and health and ecological effects in
order to assess the overall risk posed by a pollutant or a
group of pollutants
73
-------
• Risk reduction research—to develop control technologies
to treat, destroy, or contain pollutants and methods to
reduce or eliminate the sources of pollutants or to
prevent exposure to pollutants.
In addition to functional areas, several cross-media
problems also categorize the total ORD program. Those
cross media problems receiving special emphasis at present
and for the foreseeable future and the Agency programs
most concerned are:
• Global climate change (air, water, hazardous waste);
• Total and human exposure assessment (air, water,
hazardous waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic
substances);
• Wetlands (water, hazardous waste/superfund);
• Accidental releases (air, water, hazardous waste/
superfund);
• Comparative risk for complex mixtures (air, water,
hazardous waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic
substances);
• Technology Transfer (all); and
• Biotechnology (air, water, pesticides/toxic substances).
Conclusions
ORD's ongoing activities evolve from a process of
mediation between research concepts and regulatory/
programmatic applications, as well as from a growing fund
of commonly held priorities and core values. As the Agency
continues to refine strategies for addressing increasingly
complex environmental problems, the goal of ORD is to
affect those strategies with sound science, sound judgment,
and vision.
74
-------
Office of Research
Program Management
Clarence Mahan, Dir.
Office of Modeling &
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Rick Linthurst," Dir.
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Vaun Newill
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Erich Bretthauer"
Office of Environmental
Engineering & Technology
Demonstration
John H. Skinner, Dir.
Air & Energy
Engineering Research
Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC
Frank Princiotta, Dir.
Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH
Timothy Oppelt,* Dir.
Office of Exploratory
Research
Roger S. Cortesi, Dir.
_L
Office of Technology
Transfer & Regulatory
Support
Peter Preuss, Dir.
Office of Environmental
Processes & Effects
Research
Courtney Riordan, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Corvallis, OR
Thomas Murphy, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Athens, GA
Rosemarie Russo, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Duluth, MN
Oilman Veith, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Narragansett, Rl
Norbert Jaworski, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Gulf Breeze, FL
Ray Wilhour," Dir.
R. S. Kerr
Environmental Research
Lab.,Ada, OK
Clinton Hall, Dir.
Office of Health
Research
Ken Sexton, Dir.
Health Effects
Research Lab.,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lawrence Reiter,
Dir.
Office of Health &
Environmental
Assessment
William Farland, Dir.
Human Health
Assessment Group
Charles Ris* Dir.
Exposure Assessment
Group
Michael Callahan, Dir.
Environmental
Criteria & Assessment
Office, Research
Triangle Park, NC
Lester Grant, Dir.
Environmental
Criteria & Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH
Steven Lutkenhoff,"
Dir.
Acting
-------
ORD Organization
Please note, the list below includes both commercial
(CML) and Federal (FTS) telephone numbers. Where only
one number is listed, it serves both purposes.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
Vaun Newill (202) 382-7676
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Erich Bretthauer (202) 382-7676
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
Francis T. Mayo CML (513) 569-7951
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7951
Support Services Office
Director, Robert N. Carr CML (513) 569-7966
FTS 8-684-7966
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
Support Services Office CML (919) 541-2613
Acting Director, Dennis O. Martin (MD-51) FTS 8-629-2613
Office of Research Program Management
Director, Clarence E. Mahan (202) 382-7500
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
Office of Exploratory Research
Director, Roger Cortesi (202) 382-5750
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)
Research Grants Staff
Director, Clarice Gaylord (202) 382-7473
Research Centers Program
Director, Robert A. Papetti (202) 382-7473
Visiting Scientists Program
Coordinator, Alvin Edwards (202) 382-7473
Small Business Innovation Research Program
Director, Walter Preston (202) 383-7445
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
Director, Peter W. Preuss (202) 382-7669
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Regulatory Support, Immediate Office
Director, Jay Benforado (202) 382-7669
Technology Transfer Staff
Director, Jack Stanton (202) 382-7669
76
-------
Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI)
Director, Calvin Lawrence
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Regional Operations Staff
Regional Scientist Coordinator,
Mike Moore
Office of Health Research
Director, Ken Sexton
Deputy Director, Irwin P. Baumel
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)
Program Operations Staff
Acting Director, Mary Ellen Radzikowski
Environmental Health Research Staff
Acting Director, David Kleffman
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, Lawrence W. Reiter (MD-51)
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
(202) 382-7667
(202)382-5900
(202) 382-5891
(202) 382-5893
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Acting Director, Rick A. Linthurst (202) 382-5767
Deputy Director, H. Matthew Bills
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-680)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Paul D. Palm (202) 382-5761
Quality Assurance Management Staff
Director, Stanley Blacker (202) 382-5763
Modeling and Monitoring Systems Staff
Acting Director, John H. Montanari (202) 382-5776
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
Acting Director, Gary J. Foley (MD-75) CML (919) 541-2108
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-629-2108
Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Clark
Deputy Director, (Vacant)
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Acting Director, Robert N. Snelling
Acting Deputy Director, Pong N. Lem
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
77
-------
Vint Hill Station
Acting Director, Thomas H. Mace CML (703) 347-6224
P.O. Box 1587, Building 166 FTS 8-557-3110
Warrenton, VA 22186
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Director, Willilam H. Farland CML (202) 382-7315
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689) FTS 8-382-7315
Program Operations Staff CML (202) 382-7311
Chief, Barry Goldfarb FTS 8-382-7311
Program Liaison Staff CML (202) 382-7323
Chief, Jerry Moore FTS 8-382-7323
Technical Information Staff CML (202) 382-7345
Chief, Marie Pfaff FTS 8-382-7345
Human Health Assessment Group CML (202) 382-7338
Acting Director, Charles Ris FTS 8-382-7338
Exposure Assessment Group CML (202) 475-8909
Director, Michael Callahan FTS 8-475-8909
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Director, Lester Grant (MD-52) CML (919) 541-4173
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Acting Director, Steven D. Lutkenhoff CML (513) 569-7531
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7531
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration
Director, John H. Skinner (202) 382-2600
Deputy Director, Alfred Lindsey
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)
Program Development Staff
Director, Greg Ondich (202) 382-5748
Program Management Staff
Director, Al Galli (202) 382-2583
Deputy Director, Steve Jackson
Field Laboratories
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60) CML (919) 541-2821
Deputy Director, Blair Martin FTS 8-629-2821
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
78
-------
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Acting Director, E. Timothy Oppelt CML (513) 569-7418
Acting Deputy Director, John Convery FTS 8-684-7418
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Releases Control Branch
Director, Jack Farlow CML (201) 321-6600
Edison, NJ 08817 FTS 8-340-6600
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Director, Courtney Riordan (202) 382-5950
Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-682)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz (202) 382-5962
Terrestrial and Ground Water Effects Staff
Director, (Vacant) (202) 475-8930
Marine, Freshwater and Modeling Staff
Director, (Vacant) (202) 382-5967
Field Laboratories
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory
Director, Clinton W. Hall CML (405) 332-8800
P.O. Box 1198 FTS 8-743-2224
Ada, OK 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Rosemarie C. Russo CML (404) 546-3134
College Station Road FTS 8-250-3134
Athens, GA 30613
Office of Research Operations CML (404) 546-3128
Director, Robert R. Swank FTS 8-250-3128
Office of Program Operations CML (404) 546-3430
Director, Roger K. NeeSmith FTS 8-250-3430
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Murphy CML (503) 757-4601
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-420-4601
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Oilman D. Veith CML (218) 727-6692
Associate Director for Research, FTS 8-780-5550
Philip M. Cook
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Monticello Field Station CML only
Box 500 (612)295-5145
Monticello, MN 55362
79
-------
Large Lakes Research Station
9311 GrohRoad
Grosselle, MI 48138
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Norbert A. Jaworski
Deputy Director, Richard W. Latimer
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
Hatfield Marine Science Center
Newport, OR 97365
CML (313) 675-5000
FTS 8-226-7811
CML (401) 782-3001
FTS 8-838-6001
CML only
(503) 867-4041
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, (Vacant) CML (904) 932-5333
Deputy Director, Raymond G. Wilhour FTS 8-686-9011
Senior Science Advisor,
Andrew J. McErlean
(on Rotational Assignment)
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
80
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
Office of
Technology
Transfer and
Regulatory
Support
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) is responsible for integrating ORD's
scientific and engineering information and expertise into
EPA's regulatory decision-making process and
disseminating the results to EPA's Regional Offices.
OTTRS also transfers ORD's information and technology
to state and local organizations involved in environmental
protection. This Office provides overall management and
coordination of the ORD technology transfer program.
Specific responsibilities include: (1) facilitating and
promoting the transfer of technology and technical
information and understanding to State and local users and
ensuring ORD's delivery of products, (2) analyzing Agency
scientific and technical issues to ensure integration across
ORD offices and laboratories, (3) implementing a
comprehensive national program to facilitate dissemination
and exchange of scientific or technical information
resulting from ORD's research and development programs
through the Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI), and (4) conducting a program which
places ORD scientists in EPA Regional Offices on a
rotational basis.
Office of The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is responsible
Exploratory f°r planning, administering, managing and evaluating
Research EPA's exploratory research program in general and, in
particular, its extramural grant research in response to
Agency priorities as established by Agency planning
mechanisms. Its basic objective is to support research
aimed at developing a better basic scientific understanding
of the environment and its inherent problems. OER
accomplishes this objective through four core programs: a
Competitive Research Grants Program, an Environmental
Research Centers Program, a Visiting Scientists Program
and a Small Business Innovation Research Program.
Separate descriptions of these programs are provided
elsewhere in this research guide. In addition to the core
programs, OER administers other programs which are not
supported by research and development funds but are
nonetheless important to the accomplishment of the OER
objective. They include:
• A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
fellowships to college seniors and graduate students
enrolled on a full-time basis at Historically Black
Colleges and Universities and majoring in curricula that
could be applied to the solution of environmental
problems.
81
-------
A Minority Summer Intern Program which extends to
recipients of fellowships under the Minority Fellowship
Program the opportunity for on-hands experience in the
area of their academic training by way of a summer
internship at an EPA or other environmental facility.
(Both the Minority Fellowship Program and the
Minority Summer Intern Program are components of
the Minority Institutions Assistance Program, which is
briefly described elsewhere in this document.)
The Agency's Senior Environmental Employment
Program (SEE) which utilizes the skills and talents of
older Americans to meet employment needs of
environmental programs.
The Federal Workforce Training Program which
coordinates ORD's participation in workforce training
programs used by state and local governments.
The Scientific and Technological Achievement Awards
Program which gives recognition and makes monetary
awards to EPA/ORD laboratory scientists and
researchers for outstanding contributions to
environmental research.
Office of
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration is responsible for the assessment and the
development of methods for control of the environmental
and socio-economic impacts of municipal and industrial
operations and of energy and mineral resource extraction,
processing, conversion, and utilization systems.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in
Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent, control, and
treat hazardous wastes and Superfund related activities.
This includes defining and characterizing sources of
pollution, catalyzing advances in the state-of-the-art of
pollution control, providing engineering concepts for cost-
effective engineering solutions to difficult pollution
problems and early-warning of emerging sources of
pollution.
It also investigates, develops and demonstrates cost-
effective methods for the treatment and management of
municipal wastewater and sludges and urban runoff; and of
industrial processing and manufacturing and toxic
discharges; and the development of technology and
management systems for the treatment, distribution and
presentation of public drinking water supplies.
The A ir and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, catalyzes the
82
-------
development of control technologies and process
modifications needed to establish and meet standards for
air emissions in a timely and cost-effective manner, and
supports EPA's regulatory and enforcement programs. The
Laboratory also environmentally assesses the manufacture
of synthetic fuels and other current and emerging energy
sources.
Office of
Health
Research
The Office of Health Research is responsible for developing
and evaluating toxicity test methods and for providing
toxicity data to enable the agency to accurately identify
hazards and determine human risk from environmental
exposure. To fulfill this mission, research is conducted in
three major areas:
— Toxicity test method development
— Generation of dose-response data
— Development of methods to use data from toxicity
testing and dose-response studies to estimate human
morbidity and mortality; including extrapolation from
animal data to human effects, from high to low doses,
from acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
exposure to dose.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL) with
divisions in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio, conducts research, both intramurally and
extramurally, which is responsive to these goals. Physical,
biological and chemical agents are studied; and research is
conducted in the scientific disciplines of pulmonary
toxicology, genetic toxicology, neurotoxicology,
developmental and reproductive toxicology, and
epidemiology and biometry. Research to improve the
quality of health risk assessment is being conducted
through the development of pharmacokinetic and
biologically based models. These models are being
developed to more accurately predict the relationship
between environmental concentration, target tissue dose
and ultimate health effect.
Office of
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research develops from an ecosystems perspective data and
scientific and technological methods necessary to
understand, predict, and manage the entry, movement, and
disposition of residuals (including biologicals) in the
environmental media—atmosphere, soil, ground water, and
surface water—and in the food chain, and to determine
83
-------
their effects of microbial and chemical pollutants, acid
deposition, products of bioengineering, global climate
changes, and loss of stratospheric ozone, to systems and
decision modeling, wetlands, marine systems, terrestrial
and surface freshwater environments, and ecological risk
assessment methods. Another emphasis area focuses on the
determination of the status of and changes in critical
ecological resources, as represented by landscape systems in
the United States and internationally. The Office provides
technical support to the regions and the states in
environmental science and technology to assist in problem
solving, and transfers information and technology to users.
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
in Ada, Oklahoma, conducts research on the chemical,
physical, and biological processes that affect contaminant
transport and transformation in subsurface environments.
The focus of the Laboratory's research is on both ground-
water quality protection and utilization of the natural
assimilative capacity of the subsurface as a waste disposal
medium.
The Environmental Research Laboratory, in Athens,
Georgia, conducts fundamanetal and applied research
required to predict and assess the human and
environmental exposures and risks associated with
conventional and toxic pollutants in water and soil
ecosystems. This research is focused on the identification
and characterization of the natural processes and
environmental or chemical properties that affect the fate
and effects of specific toxic substances, such as pesticides or
metals, and on the development of state-of-the-art
mathematical models for assessing and managing
environmental pollution problems. The laboratory's Center
for Exposure Assessment Modeling distributes computer
programs for selected models and provides training and
assistance for users in government, industry, and academia.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis,
Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial and watershed
ecology and assesses the comprehensive ecological impact
of inland pollution and other environmental changes
caused by man. This includes the ecological effects of
airborne pollutants, such as acid deposition; the ecological
effects of global climate UV-B changes; the effects of toxic
chemicals on terrestrial plants, animals, and ecosystems;
the assessment and restoration of contaminated or
degraded environments; the characterization and
assessment of the vulnerability of ecological systems such
as wetlands, to human impacts; and the ecological risks
from the terrestrial release of bioengineered organisms and
other biological control agents.
84
-------
The Environmental Research Laboratory in Duluth,
Minnesota, is primarily responsible for developing water
quality criteria for the Nations' freshwater. Located on
Lake Superior, the laboratory specializes in the toxicology
of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other pollutants in
freshwater ecosystems. The laboratory has six major
research programs and two stations, the large lakes
research station at Grosse He, Michigan, and the
Monticello ecological research station at Monticello,
Minnesota, to help protect aquatic life.
The Great Lakes Porgram has primary responsibility for
describing the fate and effects of pollutants in these waters.
The Water Quality Criteria Program develops methods for
setting numerical limits for industrial chemicals. The
Complex Effluent Program provides cost-effective methods
for managing the toxicity of wastewaters. The Structure
Activity Program is aimed at developing computer methods
for estimating the toxicity and fate of new chemicals from
structure rather than testing. The Comparative Toxicology
Program develops methods to extrapolate hazard
assessment evidence between ecotoxicology and
mammalian toxicology. The Ecosystem Effects Program
provides methods for ecological risk assessment as well as
critical ecosystem property assessment.
The Environmental Research Laboratory at
Narragansett, Rhode Island, along with its Pacific Coast
laboratory in Newport, Oregon, is the Agency's National
Marine Environmental Quality Research Laboratory. The
Laboratory's research and development efforts support
primarily the EPA's Office of Water, Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, and the Office of Air and
Radiation. The Laboratory efforts respond mainly to
legislative requirements of the Clean Water Act, the Marine
Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, and the
Superfund Reauthorization Act. Major emphasis is placed
on providing the scientific base for environmental criteria,
waste disposal practices, environmental analysis/impacts,
assessments and marine and estuarine risk assessments for
regulatory activities of responsible offices.
The principal core areas of the Laboratory reflect its
major strengths and are critical to accomplish the
Laboratory's mission and the Agency's risk assessment
approach to environmental protection. The Laboratory's
core disciplines are: Environmental Chemistry, Transports
and Fate, Biological and Ecological Effects, Biomonitoring,
Ecological Risk Assessment and Multidisciplinary
Information Management.
The Laboratory is responsible for the following research
program areas: (1) marine and estuarine disposal, discharge
85
-------
of (and recovery from) complex wastes, dredged materials,
and other wastes; (2) water use designation and derivation
of criteria for marine and estuarine water and sediment; (3)
environmental assessment of ocean disposal and discharges
of wastes and wastewaters; (4) technical and research
support for evaluating remediation options at proposed
and designated marine/estuarine Superfund sites; and (5)
research on the effects of global warming and the depletion
of stratospheric ozone on marine systems. Technical
assistance, technology transfer, and investigations of an
emergency nature, e.g., spills of toxic material, also are
provided to aid EPA offices in evaluating environmental
threats posed by toxicants, other pollutants, and physical
modifications along the Mid and North Atlantic, West
Coasts, and other geographic locations. Technical
assistance is also provided to other Federal agencies, states,
municipalities, and industry.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in Gulf Breeze,
Florida, has broad research objectives which include the
development of scientific information necessary for (1)
formulation of guidelines, standards, and strategies for
management of hazardous materials in the near-coastal
marine environment, (2) definition of current ecological
"health" status and prediction of changes in ecological
structure and function, and (3) description of cause(s) of
aberrant conditions or observed changes in ecological
status. Research is primarily devoted to chemical
compounds and biological products regulated by EPA's
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, the Office of
Water Programs, and the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response.
Research programs specifically addressed by the
laboratory include (1) definition and evaluation of factors
and mechanisms that affect biodegradation rates and
bioaccumulation potential in food-webs; (2) development
of procedures and evaluation protocols for the biological
treatment of hazardous wastes; (3) determination of effects
of carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens in aquatic species
(organisms and populations); (4) development of principles
and applications of ecotoxicology, including measurements
and predictions of the fate and effects of chemicals and
biotechnological products on estuarine organisms,
populations, communities, and associated ecological
structure and function; (5) development and verification of
methods and data that allow extrapolation of effects from
laboratory observations to field situations, within and
among species, populations, communities, and ecosystems;
and (6) development of methods to evaluate the
environmental risk of toxic chemicals and products to
biotechnology to the marine environment.
86
-------
Office of
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
The Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance (OMMSQA) is responsible for: (a) research with
respect to the characterization, transport, and fate of
pollutants which are released into the atmosphere; (b)
development and demonstration of techniques and methods
to monitor human and ecological exposure and to relate
ambient concentrations to exposure by critical receptors;
(c) research, development and demonstration of new
monitoring methods, systems, techniques, and equipment
for detection, identification and characterization of
pollutants at the source and in the ambient environment
and for use as reference or standard monitoring methods;
(d) establishment, coordination, and review of agency-wide
Quality Assurance Program; and (e) development and
provision of quality assurance methods, techniques and
material including validation and standardization of
analytical methods, sampling techniques, quality control
methods, standard reference materials, and techniques for
data collection, evaluation and interpretation.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in
Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts research and development
programs related to monitoring of pollutants in the
environment; develops sampling strategies and techniques
for monitoring hazardous waste leachates in soil and
groundwater; develops remote sensing techniques; conducts
human exposure monitoring and modeling studies covering
several environmental media; evaluates analytical methods
for the characterization and quantification of hazardous
wastes; and provides quality assurance in support of the
EPA's hazardous waste, "Superfund," pesticides and
ionizing radiation, and acid deposition programs.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in
Cincinnati, Ohio, has as its primary missions: (1) conducts
research in the development, evaluation, and
standardization of chemical and biological methods for
environmental assessments; (2) conducts research for
detecting, identifying and quantifying microbial pathogens
found in environmental media; and (3) the operation of the
USEPA Quality Assurance (QA) Program for water,
wastewater, and related analyses in solid wastes/
superfund/toxics.
The Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
conducts intramural and extramural research programs
through laboratory and field research in chemical, physical,
and biological sciences to: (a) characterize and quantify
present and future ambient air pollutant levels and
resultant exposures to humans and ecosystems on local,
regional, and global scales; (b) develop and validate models
87
-------
to predict changes in air pollution levels and air pollutant
exposures and determine the relationships among the
factors affected by predicted and observed changes; (c)
determine source-to-receptor relationships relating to
ambient air quality and air pollutant exposures, developing
predictive models to be used for assessments of regulatory
alternatives derived from these relationships, directly or
indirectly; and (d) conduct long term research in the areas
of atmospheric methods, quality assurance, field
monitoring, biomarkers, spatial statistics, exposure
assessment, and modeling research.
Office of
Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(OHEA) is responsible for assessing the effects of
environmental pollutants in varying exposure situations on
human health and ecological systems and determining the
degree of risks from these exposures. The risk assessments
performed by OHEA are used by the Agency as the
scientific basis for regulatory and enforcement decisions.
OHEA's responsibilities also include the development of
risk assessment guidelines and methodologies, and
recommendations for new research efforts that will better
support future EPA risk assessment activities and research
that will reduce the uncertainties in EPA risk assessment
activities.
Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for health
assessments of both single chemicals and complex
mixtures. Technical assistance to various Agency programs
and Regional Offices concerning acceptable pollutant levels
and dose-response relations is also provided.
The Office includes four organizational groups:
The Human Health Assessment Group provides state-of-
the-art methodology, guidance, and procedures on the
health risks associated with suspected cancer-causing agents
and the risks associated with chemicals that are suspected
of causing detrimental reproductive effects, including
mutagenic, teratogenic, and other adverse reproductive
outcomes and reduced fertility; assures quality and
consistency in the Agency's scientific risk assessments;
provides advice on proposed testing requirements for
adequate risk assessments; and prepares independent risk
assessments.
The Exposure Assessment Group provides advice on the
exposure characteristics and factors of agents that are
suspected of causing detrimental health effects; provides
state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and procedures for
exposure determinations; assures quality and consistency in
the Agency's exposure assessments, and prepares
-------
independent assessments of exposure and recommendations
concerning the exposure potential of specific agents.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, is responsible for
preparing air quality criteria documents and air pollutant
health assessment documents for use in Agency regulatory
activities, as well as legislatively required health-related
reports.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in
Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and hazard assessment
documents on water pollution and solid and hazardous
wastes and hazardous air pollutants.
89
-------
ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
CERI/CIN Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
ECAO/CIN Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
ECAO/RTP Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
EMSL/CIN Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
EMSL/LV Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2100
AREAL/ Atmospheric Research and Exposure
RTF Assessment Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
RSKERL/ Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
ADA P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2224
ERL/ATH Environmental Research Laboratory
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
ERL/COR Environmental Research Laboratory
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
CML (503) 757-4601'
FTS 8-420-4601
ERL/DUL Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
CML (218) 727-6692
FTS 8-780-5550
90
-------
ERL/GB Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
ERL/NARR Environmental Research Laboratory
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
HERL/RTP Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
RREL/CIN Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7418
FTS 8-684-7418
Cincinnati,
AEERL/ Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
RTF Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
OEETD/ Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
HQ Demonstration
(RD-681)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2600
OEPER/ Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
HQ Research
(RD-682)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5950
OER/HQ Office of Exploratory Research
(RD-675)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
OHEA/HQ Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(RD-689)
Washington, DC 20460
(202)382-7315
OHR/HQ Office of Health Research
(RD-683)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5900
91
-------
OMMSQA/ Office of Modeling,
HQ Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
(RD-680)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5767
OTTRS/ Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
HQ (RD-672)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7669
92
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim
Akland, Gerald
Barnes, H. M.
Bates, Ed
Baugh, Thomas
Benforado, Jay
Bishop, Fred
Black, Frank
Blacker, Stanley
Bloch, Marvin W.
Bond, Randall
Bradow, Ron
Bromberg, Steve
Brunner, Carl
Budde, William
Bufalni, Joseph
Burckle, John
Butler, Larry
Clark, Robert
Clark, Thomas A.
Clements, John
Condie, Lyman
Telephone
CML (919) 541-3443
FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2346
FTS 8-629-2346
CML (919) 541-2184
FTS 8-629-2184
CML (513) 569-7774
FTS 8-684-7774
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-7449
FTS 8-382-7449
CML (513) 569-7629
FTS 8-684-7629
CML (919) 541-3037
FTS 8-629-3037
CML (202) 382-5763
FTS 8-382-5763
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-5179
FTS 8-629-5179
CML (919) 541-2919
FTS 8-629-2919
CML (513) 569-7655
FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7309
FTS 8-569-7309
CML (919) 541-2706
FTS 8-629-2706
CML (513) 569-7506
FTS 8-684-7506
CML (702) 798-2114
FTS 8-545-2114
CML (513) 569-7201
FTS 8-684-7201
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-2188
FTS 8-629-2188
CML (513) 569-7211
FTS 8-684-7211
Convery, John
Cook, Don
Cook, Philip M.
Cordle, Steven
Cortesi, Roger
Costa, Charles
Craig, Alfred B.
Cupitt, Larry
Daniel, Bernie
Dellarco, Michael
Dempsey, Clyde
DeRosa, Christopher
desRosiers, Paul
Dial, Clyde
Dick, Marshall
Dickerson, Richard
Dimitriades, Basil
Donaldson, William
Duke, Tom
Durham, William F.
Dyer, Robert
Eaton, John
Telephone
CML (513) 569-7601
FTS 8-684-7601
CML (202) 382-5982
FTS 8-382-5982
CML (218) 720-5572
FTS 8-780-5572
CML (202) 382-5940
FTS 8-382-5940
CML (202) 382-5750
FTS 8-382-5750
CML (702) 798-2305
FTS 8-545-2305
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
CML (919) 541-2107
FTS 8-629-2107
CML (513) 569-7411
FTS 8-684-7411
CML (202) 382-5794
FTS 8-382-5794
CML (513) 569-7504
FTS 8-684-7504
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
CML (202) 382-2722
FTS 8-382-2722
CML (513) 569-7528
FTS 8-684-7528
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (919) 541-7867
FTS 8-629-7867
CML (919) 541-2706
FTS 8-629-2706
CML (404) 546-3184
FTS 8-250-3184
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (919) 541-2909
FTS 8-629-2909
CML (919) 541-2760
FTS 8-629-2760
CML (218) 720-5557
FTS 8-780-5557
93
-------
Ehrlich, Alan
Erinoff, Lynda
Fallen, William
Farland, William
Farlow, John
Farrell, Joseph
Finkelstein, Pete
Fradkin, Larry
Freeman, Harry
Garrahan, Kevin
Graham, Judith
Grant, Lester
Hall, Robert E.
Hangebrauck, R. P.
Hill, Ronald D.
Kitchens, Lynnann
Hogsett, William
Hood, Ken
Jakobson, Kurt
Janetos, Anthony
Jaworski, Norbert A.
Jones, Julian
Telephone
CML (202) 382-73 15
FTS 8-3 82-73 15
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (202) 382-5739
FTS 8-382-5739
CML (202) 382-5898
FTS 8-382-5898
CML (201) 321-6635
FTS 8-340-6635
CML (5 13) 569-7645
FTS 8-684-7645
CML (919) 541-2347
FTS 8-629-2347
CML (51 3) 569-7584
FTS 8-684-7584
CML (513) 569-7529
FTS 8-684-7529
CML (202) 382-2588
FTS 8-382-2588
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
CML (919) 541-2477
FTS 8-629-2477
CML (919) 541-4134
FTS 8-629-4134
CML (513) 569-7861
FTS 8-684-7861
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (503) 755-4632
FTS 8-420-4632
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (202) 382-5748
FTS 8-382-5748
CML (202) 382-5791
FTS 8-382-5791
CML (401) 782-3012
FTS 8-838-6012
CML (919) 541-2489
FTS 8-629-2489
Jutro, Peter
Keeler, George
Keith, William
Kibby, Harold
Klee, Al
Kleffman, David
Knapp, Kenneth
Koglin, Eric
Kreissl, James
Krishnan, Bala
Kutz, Frederick W.
Lackey, Robert A.
Laurie, Vernon
Laveille, Will C.
Levinson, Barbara
Lewtas, Joellen
Lichtenberg, James
Lindsey, Alford
Logsdon, Gary
Lykins, Ben
Malanchuk, John L.
Maxwell, Michael
Telephone
CML (202) 382-5600
FTS 8-382-5600
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2212
CML (202) 382-5716
FTS 8-382-5716
CML (503) 757-4625
FTS 8-420-4625
CML (5 13) 569-7493
FTS 8-684-7493
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (919) 541-3085
FTS 8-629-3085
CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
CML (513) 569-7611
FTS 8-684-76 11
CML (202) 382-26 13
FTS 8-382-26 13
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (503) 757-4600
FTS 8-420-4600
CML (202) 382-5795
FTS 8-382-5795
CML (202) 382-5990
FTS 8-382-5990
CML (202) 382-5983
FTS 8-382-5983
CML (919) 541-3849
FTS 8-629-3849
CML (5 13) 569-7306
FTS 8-684-7306
CML (202) 382-4073
FTS 8-382-4073
CML (5 13) 569-7345
FTS 8-684-7345
CML (5 13) 569-7460
FTS 8-684-7460
CML (202) 382-5600
FTS 8-382-5600
CML (919) 541-3091
FTS 8-629-3091
94
-------
McCarthy, Bill
McCarty, James C.
McClenny, William
McElroy, James L.
McKenzie, Daniel
Miller, Thomas
Mitchum, R. K.
Moore, Martha
Moore, Michael
Mullin, Cynthia
Murphy, Thomas A.
Oberacker, Donald
Oppelt, E.
Ott, Wayne
Parish, Rod
Pashayan, Deran
Patton, Dorothy
Paur, Dick
Pearson, Gareth
Perlin, Susan
Peterson, Spencer
Phillips, Richard
Telephone
CML (202) 382-2605
FTS 8-382-2605
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (914) 541-3158
FTS 8-629-3152
CML (702) 798-2361
FTS 8-545-2361
CML (503) 757-4666
FTS 8-420-4666
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (702) 798-2103
FTS 8-545-2103
CML (919) 541-3933
FTS 8-629-3933
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (5 13) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (5 13) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CML (513) 569-7896
FTS 8-684-7896
CML (202) 382-5793
FTS 8-382-5793
CML (904) 932-53 11
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (202) 475-8936
FTS 8-475-8936
CML (202) 475-6743
FTS 8-475-6743
CML (919) 541-3131
FTS 8-629-3 131
CML (702) 798-2203
FTS 8-545-2203
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (503) 757-4605
FTS 8-420-4605
CML (919) 541-2771
FTS 8-629-2771
Pitchford, Ann
Plost, Charles
Plyler, Everett
Preston, Walter
Preuss, Peter
Reiter, Larry
Rhodes, William
Rogers, Charles
Rossman, Lewis
Royer, Michael
Russo, Rosemarie C.
Schiermeier, Francis
Schomaker, Norbert
Schonbrod, Robert
Sexton, Ken
Shapiro, Paul
Shreffler, Jack
Snelling, Robert
Sorg, Tom
Spence, John
Stanton, John J.
Stevens, Al
95
Telephone
CML (702) 798-2366
FTS 8-545-2366
CML (202) 382-5796
FTS 8-382-5796
CML (919) 541-2918
FTS 8-629-29 18
CML (202) 382-7445
FTS 8-382-7445
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML (919) 541-2671
FTS 8-629-2671
CML (919) 541-2853
FTS 8-629-2853
CML (5 13) 569-7757
FTS 8-684-7757
CML (5 13) 569-7603
FTS 8-684-7603
CML (201) 321-6633
FTS 8-340-6633
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3 134
CML (919) 541-4541
FTS 8-629-4541
CML (513) 569-7871
FTS 8-684-7871
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2229
CML (202) 382-5900
FTS 8-382-5900
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (919) 541-2194
FTS 8-629-2 194
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
CML (5 13) 569-7370
FTS 8-684-7370
CML (919) 541-2649
FTS 8-629-2649
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML (513) 569-7342
FTS 8-684-7342
-------
Telephone
Swank, Robert
Talbot, W. Wade
Tang, Don
Thomas, Nelson
Tingey, Dave
Trout, Dennis
Tucker, W. Gene
Valcovic, Lawrence
Veith, Oilman
Wallace, Lance
Weber, Cornelius
Wilhour, Raymond
Williams, Sam
Williamson, Shelly
Wilmoth, Roger
Wilson, William
Winter, John
Worlund, John
Worrest, Robert
Wu, Chieh
Zenick, Harold
Zepp. Richard
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (202) 382-2621
FTS 8-382-2621
CML (218) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (503) 757-4621
FTS 8-420-4621
CML (202) 382-5991
FTS 8-382-5991
CML (919) 541-2746
FTS 8-629-2746
CML (202) 382-7303
FTS 8-382-7303
CML (218) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (513) 527-8350
FTS 8-778-8350
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (202) 382-5940
FTS 8-382-5940
CML (702) 798-2208
FTS 8-545-2208
CML (513) 569-7509
FTS 8-684-7509
CML (919) 541-2551
FTS 8-629-2551
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (702) 798-2656
FTS 8-545-2656
CML (202) 382-5981
FTS 8-382-5981
CML (202) 382-5977
FTS 8-382-5977
CML (202) 475-8913
FTS 8-475-8913
CML (404) 564-3428
FTS 8-250-3428
96
-------
ORD Regional Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional
Operations Staff is responsible for planning, coordinating,
and reviewing a program to provide inter-communication
and assistance on all matters of mutual interest and/or
responsibility of the Agency's Regional Offices and the
Office of Research and Development.
Finally, for further information regarding EPA technical
assistance, or for additional copies of this report, please
contact:
Director, (Vacant) (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff (RD-672)
Washington, DC 20460
Regional Liaison Officers Telephone
Gerald Rausa (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff
Washington, DC 20460
Morris Altschuler (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff
Washington, DC 20460
Mike Moore (202) 382-7667
Coordinator, Regional Scientist Program
Washington, DC 20460
97
-------
EPA Regional Offices
Region 1 Environmental Protection Agency Connecticut
Room 2203 Maine
John F. Kennedy Federal Building Massachusetts
Boston, Massachusetts 02203 New Hampshire
CML (617) 565-3424 Rhode Island
FTS 8-835-3424 Vermont
Region 2 Environmental Protection Agency New Jersey
Room 900 New York
26 Federal Plaza Puerto Rico
New York, New York 10278 Virgin Islands
(212)264-2515
FTS 8-264-2515
Region 3 Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215)597-9370
FTS 8-597-9370
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia
Region 4 Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
CML (404) 347-3004
FTS 8-257-3004
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Region 5 Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312)353-2073
FTS 8-353-2073
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Region 6 Environmental Protection Agency Arkansas
1445 Ross Ave. Louisiana
12th Floor, Suite 1200 New Mexico
Dallas, Texas 75202 Oklahoma
CML (214) 655-2200 Texas
FTS 8-255-2200
98
-------
Region 7 Environmental Protection Agency Iowa
726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas
Kansas City, Kansas 66101 Missouri
CML (913) 236-2803 Nebraska
FTS 8-757-2803
Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency Colorado
999 18th Street Montana
Suite 500 North Dakota
Denver, Colorado 80202-2405 South Dakota
CML (303) 293-1692 Utah
FTS 8-564-1692 Wyoming
Region 9 Environmental Protection Agency Arizona
215 Fremont Street California
San Francisco, California 94105 Hawaii
CML (415) 974-7767 Nevada
FTS 8-454-7767
Region 10 Environmental Protection Agency Alaska
1200 6th Avenue Idaho
Seattle, Washington 98101 Washington
CML (206) 442-1465 Oregon
FTS 8-399-1465
99
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988/548-158/87042
------- |