-------
Table of Contents
Page
List of Tables 1
1 Abstract 2
2 Introduction 3
3 Vehicles 4
4 Fuels 5
5 Test Procedures 6
6 Indolene Testing/Results 8
7 85% Ethanol Testing/Results 11
8 Comparison of Results with Federal Standards 15
9 Comparison of Results with Methanol-Fueled Luminas ... 16
10 Analysis and Conclusions 17
11 Appendices 19
List of Tables
3.1 Vehicle Specifications 4
4.1 Fuel Properties 5
6.1 Lumina #10—Indolene Test #1 8
6.2 Lumina #10—Indolene Test #2 9
6.3 Lumina #12—Indolene Test #1 9
6.4 Lumina #12—Indolene Test #2 10
7.1 Energy Based Fuel Economy 12
7.2 Lumina #10—E85 Test #1 12
7.3 Lumina #10—E85 Test #2 13
7.4 Lumina #10—E85 Test #3 13
7.5 Lumina #12—E85 Test #1 14
7.6 Lumina #12—E85 Test #2 14
8.1 Ethanol Results and Federal Standards 15
9.1 E85 and M85 Results 16
10.1 Lumina Exhaust Emission Tests 17
10.2 Effects of E85 on Emissions Compared to EO 18
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1. Abstract
This report presents exhaust emission test results for two
1992 low-mileage Chevrolet Lumina ethanol variable fuel vehicles.
These vehicles were tested on both Indolene and E85 fuel using the
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) for exhaust emissions. In the future,
the EPA will retest the Luminas at future mileage accumulations of
20,000, 50,000, and possibly 100,000. At these future mileage
accumulations, the vehicles will also be tested using intermediate
fuel blends for both exhaust and evaporative emissions.
When operating on 85% ethanol, the Luminas showed reductions
in NMHC, CO, C02, and NOx with penalties in alcohol and aldehyde
emissions and fuel economy (per volume of fuel) when compared to
operation on Indolene. The decrease in NOx may have been because
these vehicles are designed for optimum operation when ethanol is
blended into the fuel or may have been because of the lower heat
content of ethanol. Both vehicles saw a volumetric fuel economy
penalty of 30% but saw a slight increase in energy based fuel
economy when operated on 85% ethanol as compared to Indolene.
Both Luminas met, with substantial margins, Tier 1 emission
standards when operating on Indolene. When operating on 85%
ethanol, the CO and NOx emissions from both vehicles dropped below
the pending Tier 2 standards. In addition, the ethanol fueled
vehicles showed similar ratios of HC, CO, and NOx results for
Indolene and 85% ethanol as two methanol fueled 1992 Luminas which
were tested by General Motors on Indolene and 85% methanol.
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3
2. Introduction
Much work has been done on methanol-powered vehicle emissions,
but little is known about the emissions from vehicles fueled by
ethanol/gasoline blends above 10% ethanol. The Illinois Department
of Natural Resources (IDNR) currently has 12 variable-fueled
vehicles in a test fleet. These vehicles are designed to operate
on ethanol/gasoline blends ranging from 0% to 85% ethanol (noted as
EO and E85 in this report) . Through cooperation with IDNR, EPA
will evaluate two of these vehicles on various fuel blends for
exhaust and evaporative emissions at three or four mileage
accumulations (approximately 4,000, 20,000, 50,000, and possibly
100,000 miles). These two vehicles will also be tested for the
IDNR at AutoResearch Laboratories, Inc., (ALI) for exhaust and
evaporative emissions at 10,000 mile intervals. This report
discusses the emission results at the first of these mileage
accumulations.
Test results for two 1992 Chevrolet Lumina ethanol variable
fuel vehicles are presented in this report. These vehicles were
tested on both EO and E85 fuel using the FTP for exhaust emissions.
Further emission testing at intermediate blends and for evaporative
emissions was omitted from this testing due to EPA facility
construction. When these vehicles return for future testing, they
will also be tested using intermediate fuel blends for both exhaust
and evaporative emissions.
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3. Vehicles
Both of the variable fuel Luminas were supplied by General
Motors (GM) to the IDNR and EPA. The two vehicles will be referred
to as Lumina #10 and Lumina #12 in this report. Lumina #10 had an
odometer reading of 5100 miles and Lumina #12 had an odometer
reading of 4400 miles at the completion of this segment of the
testing. Each vehicle has a fuel sensor which allows the vehicle,
combined with feedback from the oxygen sensor, to match the
fuel/air ratio to the blend of the fuel. These vehicles are
optimized for performance and emissions on E85. The catalysts used
on these vehicles are designed to be better able to reduce alcohol
and aldehyde emissions than those used on Luminas which are
intended for use on gasoline only. The following table summarizes
the specifications of the Luminas:
Table 3.1: Vehicle Specifications
Manufacturer
Vehicle Name
Variable Fuel Capability
Lumina #10 Vehicle ID Number
Lumina #12 Vehicle ID Number
Engine Family
Emission Family
Engine Displacement
Cylinder Configuration
Fuel System
Emission Control Technology
Chevrolet/General Motors
1992 Lumina
0%-85% Ethanol
2G1WL54T4N9240855
2G1WL54TXN9241086
N1G3.148NVB7
NFO-1A
3.1 Liters
V-6
Multiport Fuel Injection
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Three Way Catalyst
Oxygen Sensor
-------
Fuels
For this segment of the test program, the Luminas were only
emission tested using Indolene (EO) and an 85% ethanol blend (E85).
In the future, intermediate blends will be tested as well. A
specifications sheet for E85 is in the Appendix. The fuel
properties which were necessary for the emissions calculations are
presented in the following table:
Table 4.1: Fuel Properties
Fuel Property
carbon weight fraction
specific gravity
hydrogen to carbon ratio
oxygen to carbon ratio
density (Ibs/gallon)
Indolene
0.867
0.7432
1.828
—
6.196
85% Ethanol Blend
0.560
0.769
2.867
0.410
6.418
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5. Teat Procedure
Both of the Luminas were set-up and tested in the EPA National
Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) by the Vehicle
Testing group. Following the vehicle preconditioning, two FTP
transient tests were run for each fuel on both vehicles. In one
case (Lumina #10, E85), a third transient test was run due to a 15%
inconsistency between the hydrocarbon results of the first two
tests. A test sequence consisted of one cold start "transient"
phase (bag 1) , a cold start "stabilized" phase (bag 2), and a hot
start "transient" phase (bag 3). All gaseous (HC, NMHC, CO, C02
and NOx) emissions were collected for each test. The composite
results from each test were determined from all three bags. The
FTP transient tests were performed following procedures given in
CFR 40 Part 86 Subpart B for light-duty vehicles (with appropriate
modifications for ethanol in the calculations as shown below).
A flow chart of the test procedures is presented in Appendix
A. In the interest of reproducible testing, all heat builds were
included even though no evaporative emission measurements could be
made at this time.
Equations for organic material hydrocarbon equivalent (OMHCE)
and organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent (OMNMHCE)
factors for methanol-fueled vehicles are presented in CFR 40 Part
86 Subpart B. In order to modify the OMHCE equation for ethanol-
fueled vehicles, terms were added for ethanol and acetaldehyde.
The purpose of this equation is to add the hydrocarbon portion of
the alcohol and aldehyde exhaust emissions to the total hydrocarbon
exhaust emissions using the molecular weight per carbon atom of
these fuels as compared to gasoline. OMHCE and OMNMHCE were
calculated from the following equations:
(METHANOL ETHANOL FORMALDEHYDE ACETALDEHYDE^
I +• + +
I 32.042 23.034 30.026 22.026 ;
OMNMHCE = OMHCE+NMHC - HC
where all units are in grams per mile (g/mi).
A rule has been proposed in the Federal Register under the
title of Fuel Economy Test Procedures: Alternative-Fueled
Automobile CAFE Incentives and Fuel Economy Labeling Requirements
(56FR8856, 3/1/91). The following equation for fuel economy was
developed from this proposal by adding terms for ethanol and
acetaldehyde:
-------
fu«l •conoay
CWFxSGx3194
(HCCWFxHQ + (0.429*CO) + (OOTxCOj) + (Q.315xCH3OH)
where :
CWF » carbon weight fraction
SG = specific gravity
HCCWF = carbon weight fraction of HC portion of fuel
and emissions are expressed in g/mi.
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6. Indolene Testing/Results
Emission testing with Indolene began with the vehicle
preconditioning sequence described in the Appendix. Two Federal
certification test sequences were run on each of the Luminas.
Although evaporative emissions data were not collected, the diurnal
loading was left in the sequence so that the tests will be
reproducible when both exhaust and evaporative emissions are
collected. Exhaust emissions and fuel economy (FE) results are
presented in Tables 6.1 and 6.2 for Lumina #10 and in Tables 6.3
and 6.4 for Lumina #12.
The tests from the Lumina #10 resulted in average emissions of
0.133 g/mi NMHC, 1.69 g/mi CO, and 0.196 g/mi NOx while the Lumina
#12 showed average emissions of 0.127 g/mi NMHC, 1.39 g/mi CO, and
0.179 g/mi NOx. Both vehicles had similar fuel economies of 18.7
and 18.6 miles per gallon (mpg) for Luminas #10 and #12
respectively. No methanol (CH3OH) emissions were expected from
either of these vehicles; however, some methanol was detected in
the first bag of the first indolene test on the Lumina #10. This
emission measurement may have been due to hang-up in the vehicle
fuel system or emissions measurement system. No ethanol (CH2CH3OH)
was detected from either vehicle. Finally, 4.0 mg/mi and 3.3 mg/mi
formaldehyde (CH2O) and 1.5 mg/mi and 1.2 mg/mi acetaldehyde (C2H4O)
were measured for the Lumina #10 and #12 vehicles, respectively.
Other than for CO2 and ethanol, the Lumina #12 vehicle had
generally lower emissions than the Lumina #10 vehicle even though
both vehicles had essentially the same fuel economy results. The
Lumina #12 results were lower by 6% for NMHC, 18% for CO, 9% for
NOx, and about 17% for aldehydes than the Lumina #10 results. This
was probably due to manufacturer tolerances and measurement
accuracy.
-------
Table 6.1: Lumina #10—Indolene Test
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0 . 637
0.029
0.057
0.163
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.598
0.009
0.035
0.138
CO
(g/mi)
4.25
0.97
1.08
1.68
C02
(g/mi)
466
507
412
472
NOx
(g/mi)
0.446
0.107
0.151
0.189
FE
(mpg)
18.8
17.6
21.6
18.8
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.652
0.030
0.057
0.167
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.613
0.011
0.036
0.142
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.010
0.000
0.000
0.0021
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH20
(g/mi)
0.015
0.002
0.001
0.0041
C2H«0
(g/mi)
0.006
0.001
0.000
0.0017
Table 6.2: Lumina #10—Indolene Test #2
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.587
0.043
0.048
0.159
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.549
0.014
0.027
0.128
CO
(g/mi)
3.27
1.41
1.02
1.69
CO2
(g/mi)
466
507
409
472
NOx
(g/mi)
0.516
0.090
0.179
0.202
FE
(mpg)
18.9
17.5
21.7
18.8
,'-~
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
: OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.597
0.044
0.048
0.160
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.559
0.015
0.027
0.131
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH20
(g/mi)
0.014
0.002
0.000
0.0039
C2H«0
(g/mi)
0.005
0.001
0.000
0.0013
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10
Table 6.3: Lumina #12—Indolene Test
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.478
0.040
0.060
0.136
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.447
0.016
0.035
0.111
CO
(g/mi)
2.36
0.89
0.93
1.20
C02
(g/mi)
467
514
412
476
NOx
(g/mi)
0.526
0.064
0.107
0.172
FE
(mpg)
18.9
17.3
21.6
18.7
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.487
0.041
0.060
0.139
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.455
0.017
0.036
0.113
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH20
(g/mi)
0.012
0.002
0.000
0 . 0035
C2H40
(g/mi)
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.0013
Table 6.4: Lumina #12—Indolene Test #2
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.572
0.067
0.048
0.166
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.537
0.041
0.025
0.139
CO
(g/mi)
3.46
1.15
0.91
1.56
CO2
(g/mi)
465
511
410
474
NOx
(g/mi)
0.492
0.116
0.083
0.185
FE
(mpg)
18.9
17.4
21.7
18.7
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.579
0.069
0.048
0.169
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.544
0.042
0.026
0.142
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH20
(g/mi)
0.009
0.002
0.000
0.0032
C2H40
(g/mi)
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.0012
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11
7. 85% Ethanol Testing Results
Once the Indolene tests were complete, both vehicles were
preconditioned on E85 in order to clear the vehicle fuel system and
the emission measurement system of EO fuel. The emission testing
was completed in the same manner described in Section 6 for the
Indolene tests. Exhaust emissions and fuel economy results are
presented in Tables 7.1 to 7.3 for the Lumina #10 and in Tables 7.4
and 7.5 for the Lumina #12.
Test results for E85 fuel from the Lumina #10 vehicle show
emission levels of 0.110 g/mi OMNMHCE, 1.04 g/mi CO, and 0.128 g/mi
NOx, while tests from the Lumina #12 vehicle show levels of 0.112
g/mi OMNMHCE, 0.61 g/mi CO, and 0.151 g/mi NOx. Both vehicles had
essentially the same fuel economy (13.6 mpg for Lumina #10 and 13.5
for Lumina #12). Alcohol and aldehyde results were 4.93 mg/mi
CH3OH, 80.9 mg/mi CH2CH3OH, 8.29 mg/mi CH20, and 26.1 mg/mi C2H40 for
Lumina #10 and 5.53 mg/mi CH3OH, 79.5 mg/mi CH2CH3OH, 9.43 mg/mi
CH2O, and 28.7 mg/mi C2H4O for Lumina #12.
The Lumina #12 had significantly lower CO and CH20 and higher
NOx, CH3OH and C2H4O than the Lumina #10. Emission result
differences for Lumina #12 compared to Lumina #10 were -41% CO, 18%
NOx, 12% CH3OH, -14% CH20, and 10% C2H4O. However, both vehicles had
similar results for OMNMHCE, C02, ethanol, and fuel economy.
Differences between the vehicle results may have been due to
manufacturing tolerances and test variability.
When operated on E85, both vehicles showed decreases in CO,
C02, and NOx with penalties in alcohol and aldehyde emissions as
well as volumetric fuel economy as compared to Indolene. Emission
reductions due to the E85 fuel for Lumina #10 were 17% NMHC, 38%
CO, 8% C02, and 35% NOx. Emission reductions for Lumina #12 were
12% NMHC, 56% CO, 8% C02, and 16% NOx. (Note that NMHC was used
for EO and OMNMHCE was used for E85 in the NMHC reduction
calculations). Increases of 110% formaldehyde and 1600%
acetaldehyde for Lumina #10 and 180% formaldehyde and 2300%
acetaldehyde for Lumina #12 were observed.
Both vehicles saw a volumetric fuel economy penalty of 30%
when operated on E85 as compared to Indolene. In order to
approximate the fuel economy on an energy equivalent basis, energy
contents of 114,218 Btu/gal for Indolene, 106,500 Btu/gal for
natural gasoline (used in E85) and 75,670 Btu/gal for ethanol were
used (values supplied by GM) . An energy content of 81,661 Btu/gal
was calculated for E85 assuming 80.4% ethanol, 0.6% water, and 19%
natural gasoline. Energy based fuel economy results are presented
in Table 7.1. Both vehicles saw an energy based fuel economy
increase of 2% when operated on E85.
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12
Table 7.1: Energy Based Fuel Economy
Vehicle, Fuel
Lumina #10, EO
Lumina #12, EO
Lumina #10, E85
Lumina #12, E85
Fuel Economy
miles/gallon
18.8
18.7
13.7
13.6
Energy Content
Btu/gallon
114,218
114,218
81,661
81,661
Fuel Economy
miles/Btu
1.65x10-*
1.64x10-*
1.68x10'*
1.67x10'*
With the addition of 85% ethanol, the decreases in HC, CO, and
C02 were expected due to the added oxygen in the fuel. In
addition, the alcohol and aldehyde increases are characteristic to
adding alcohol to the combustion process. The decrease in NOx may
be due to the Luminas being optimized for operation on ethanol
blends while the previously tested vehicles mentioned in this
paragraph were optimized using Indolene or may have been due to the
lower heat content of ethanol.
Table 7.2: Lumina #10—E85 Test #1
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.227
0.034
0.065
0.082
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.169
0.003
0.017
0.041
CO
(g/mi)
2.63
0.34
0.91
0.97
C02
(g/mi)
438
462
377
433
NOx
(g/mi)
0.352
0.070
0.088
0.133
FE
(mpg)
13.5
12.9
15.8
13.7
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.585
0.037
0.069
0.159
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.528
0.006
0.021
0.118
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.022
0.000
0.000
0.0046
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.421
0.000
0.000
0.0872
CH2O
(g/mi)
0.027
0.007
0.007
0.0109
C2H<0
(g/mi)
0.131
0.001
0.001
0.0276
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13
Table 7.3: Lumina #10—E85 Test #2
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.227
0.032
0.065
0.081
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.164
0.000
0.015
0.037
CO
(g/mi)
2.32
0.36
2.08
1.24
C02
(g/mi)
438
466
379
436
NOx
(g/mi)
0.338
0.054
0.078
0.120
FE
(mpg)
13.2
12.8
15.3
13.6
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.540
0.034
0.065
0.147
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.478
0.000
0.016
0.103
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.024
0.000
0.000
0.0050
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.359
0.000
0.000
0.0744
CH2O
(g/mi)
0.025
0.004
0.001
0.0072
C2H40
(g/mi)
0.120
0.001
0.001
0 . 0253
Table 7.4: Lumina #10—£85 Test #3
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.221
0.042
0.065
0.085
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.163
0.003
0.017
0.040
CO
(g/mi)
2.18
0.50
0.70
0.90
C02
(g/mi)
433
460
378
432
NOx
(g/mi)
0.355
0.060
0.095
0.130
FE
(mpg)
13.6
13.0
15.7
13.8
.-
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.555
0.044
0.066
0.156
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.497
0.005
0.018
0.110
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.025
0.000
0.000
0.0052
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.392
0.000
0.000
0.0812
CH20
(g/mi)
0.024
0.003
0.001
0.0067
C2H40
(g/mi)
0.121
0.001
0.001
0 . 0255
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14
Table 7.5: Lumina #12—E85 Test #1
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
HC
(g/mi)
0.224
0.021
0.049
0.071
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.176
0.002
0.010
0.040
CO
(g/mi)
1.84
0.04
0.30
0.49
C02
(g/mi)
439
466
380
437
NOx
(g/mi)
0.413
0.065
0.121
0.153
FE
(mpg)
13.5
12.8
15.7
13.6
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Composite
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.565
0.024
0.051
0.144
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.517
0.006
0.012
0.113
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.0062
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.379
0.000
0.000
0.0787
CH2O
(g/mi)
0.031
0.007
0.003
0.0106
C2H
-------
15
8. Comparison of Results With Federal Standards
Even when operating on Indolene, the Luminas meet Tier 1
standards. In addition, these vehicles have NOx levels near those
specified in the Clean Air Act as the pending Tier 2 standards.
When operated on 85% ethanol, OMNMHCE, CO and NOx are reduced, but
the Lumina OMNMHCE levels do not meet the pending Tier 2
standards. Combined EO and E85 results as well as Tier 1, pending
Tier 2, LEV, and ULEV standards are presented in the following
table:
Table 8.1: Ethanol Results and Federal Standards
Level
Combined Indolene Results*
Combined E85 Results*
Tier 1 Standards (1994+)
Pending Tier 2 Standards (2004+)
Clean Fuel Fleet LEV (1998)
Clean Fuel Fleet ULEV (1998)
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.168
0.144"
0.25
0.125
0.073
0.039
CO
(g/mi)
1.94
1.04
3.4
1.7
3.4
1.7
NOx
(g/mi)
0.21
0.15
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
1992 Lumina (Indolene) deterioration factors applied:
(HC = 1.300, CO = 1.262, and NOx = 1.100 for 50,000 miles)
** OMNMHCE
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16
9. Comparison of Results With Methanol-Fueled Luminas
General Motors supplied exhaust emission data for two 1992
Chevrolet Lumina variable fuel vehicles which were aged to 5500 and
4000 miles and were tested on methanol as a part of the California
Light-Duty Methanol Fuel Flexible Vehicle Demonstration Program1'2.
These data are presented in Table 9.1. These vehicles showed
reductions of 31% HC, 39% CO, and 10% NOx using M85 over Indolene.
The E85-Luminas tested at EPA saw reductions of 50% HC, 46% CO, and
26% NOx using E85 over Indolene. No formaldehyde data were
supplied for the M85-Luminas when operated on Indolene.
This data seems to indicate that ethanol and methanol are both
effective at reducing HC, CO, NOx emissions with some penalty in
formaldehyde emissions. However, even though all four vehicles
were the same basic models, the E85 pair and the M85 pair have
different emissions performance when operated on Indolene.
Therefore, it may be inappropriate to draw conclusions from this
data on the comparative effects of ethanol and methanol on exhaust
emissions.
Table 9.1: E85 and M85 Emission Results
Level
Ethanol Lumina EO Results
Ethanol Lumina E85 Results
Methanol Lumina MO Results
Methanol Lumina M85 Results
HC
(g/mi)
0.16
0.08
0.13
0.09
CO
(g/mi)
1.53
0.83
2.21
1.34
NOx
(g/mi)
0.19
0.14
0.21
0.19
CH20
(g/mi)
—
0.009
—
0.012
1 Memo from Samuel A. Leonard, Director of Automotive Emission Control (GM) to
K. D. Drachand, Chief of Mobile Source Division (CARS), February 28, 1992.
2 Memo from Samuel A. Leonard, Director of Automotive Emission Control (OM) to
K. D. Drachand, Chief of Mobile Source Division (CARB), November 12, 1992.
-------
17
10. Analysis and Conclusions
Tailpipe emission data were collected from two 1992 Chevrolet
Lumina ethanol variable fueled vehicles operating on both Indolene
and an 85% ethanol blend. The vehicles are referred to as Lumina
flO and Lumina #12 where Lumina #10 was at 5100 miles and Lumina
#12 was at 4400 miles at the completion of this segment of testing.
Further segments of testing at 30,000, 50/000, and possibly 100,000
miles will include evaporative emission testing as well as a more
extensive look at the effects of the amount of ethanol in the fuel.
When operating on Indolene, Lumina #12 seemed to operate
"cleaner" than Lumina #10. Lumina #12 showed 6% lower NMHC, 18%
lower CO, 9% lower NOx, and nearly 20% lower aldehydes. When
operating on 85% ethanol, Lumina #12 had 41% lower CO and 14% lower
formaldehyde than Lumina #10; however, NOx, methanol, and
acetaldehyde were higher by 18%, 12%, and 10% respectively. These
differences were probably due to manufacturer tolerances as well as
test variability. Indolene and E85 results are presented in Table
10.1.
Table 10.1: Lumina Exhaust Emission Tests
Vehicle
& Fuel
#10 EO
#12 EO
#10 E85
#12 E85
HC
(g/mi)
0.165
0.151
0.083
0.076
NMHC
(g/mi)
0.133
0.125
0.039
0.039
CO
(g/mi)
1.69
1.38
1.04
0.61
C02
(g/mi)
472
475
434
437
NOx
(g/mi)
0.196
0.179
0.128
0.151
FE
(mpg)
18.8
18.7
13.7
13.6
Vehicle
& Fuel
#10 EO
#12 EO
#10 E85
#12 E85
OMHCE
(g/mi)
0.164
0.154
0.154
0.149
OMNMHCE
(g/mi)
0.137
0.128
0.110
0.112
CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.0011
0.000
0.0049
0.0055
CH2CH3OH
(g/mi)
0.000
0.000
0.0809
0.0795
CH20
(g/mi)
0.0040
0.0033
0.0083
0.0094
C2H4O
(g/mi)
0.0015
0.0012
0.0261
0.0287
The use of E85 showed reductions in CO, C02, and NOx with
penalties in alcohol and aldehyde emissions and fuel economy.
Lumina #12 showed much larger reductions in CO and NOx and larger
increases in formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than Lumina #10;
however, the emission trends were the same for both vehicles. The
decrease in NOx may have been because these vehicles were designed
-------
18
for optimum operation on ethanol blends or may gave been due to the
lower heat content of ethanol. These effects of E85 on the Luminas
are presented in Table 10.2.
Table 10.2: Effects of E85 on Emissions Compared to EO
Vehicle
Lumina flO
Lumina #12
NMHC*
-17%
-10%
CO
-38%
-56%
C02
-8%
-8%
NOx
-35%
-16%
CH20
110%
180%
C2H40
1600%
2300%
* Calculated: 100 X (NMHCEO - OMNMHCEB85) / NMHC
'BO
Both Luminas are capable of meeting Tier 1 emission standards
when operating on Indolene. When operating on 85% ethanol, CO and
NOx are reduced below the pending Tier 2 standards. In addition,
the ethanol fueled vehicles showed similar ratios of HC, CO, and
NOx results for Indolene and 85% ethanol as two methanol fueled
1992 Luminas which were tested by General Motors on Indolene and
85% methanol.
-------
Appendices
A. Test Sequence
B. Indolene Exhaust Emission Test Results
C. 85% Ethanol Exhaust Emission Test Results
D. OMHCE and OMNMHCE Results
E. Fuel Economy Results
F. Fuel Specifications for ESS
-------
A. Teat Sequence
TEST SEQUENCE START
r
V
DRAIN FUEL
40X FILL
(ROOM TEMP.)
~l
LA-4 PRECONDITIONING
COLO SOAK 12-36 MRS.
DRAIN FUEL
40X FILL
(COLD TEMP.>
DIURNAL 60-84 DEC F
FTP MASS EMISSIONS
TAILPIPE i CONVERTER
60 MIN. CANISTER PURGE
(48 CFH)
DRAIN FUEL
3 GAL. FILL - NEW FUEL.
(ROOM TEMP.)
IDLE 1 MIN.
DRAIN FUEL
40% FILL - NEW FUEL
(COLD TEMP.)
DIURNAL HEAT BUILD
LA-4 PRECONDITIONING
ENGINE OFF 3 MIN.
IDLE 1 MIN.
ENGINE OFF 1 MIN.
IDLE 1 MIN.
ENGINE OFF 1 MIN.
| I I
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE
FINISHED
-------
Dyno: D209 Test No: 93-1182
Dyno/CVS
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Corrected
Concentration*
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
ffffff
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Masa
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
HYSBGaaFE
Cert Mem FE
Ethanol FE 1
HetlwnolFE 1
Ueth&Eth FE
VHDC
5002
0594
SOU
OHHCE
drams
2.339
0.117
0.20S
OHHCE
a/ml
0.652
0.030
0.057
OUNCE
a/ml
0.24123
0.16655
0.241
0.167
Numerator
33338696.66
2438.881404
2421.336
2421.336
2421.336
National Vehicle and Fuel *:-nl**siom l^ahoratc
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emlaalon, Maaa, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:4
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-10 Ver: 00
Roll Revs Miles
8363 3.587
8997 3.856
0365 3.568
FIOHC
ppmC
28.127
0.801
2.481
OUNMHCE FIDHC
grams arams
2.198 2.297
0.041 0.112
0.128 0.203
OUNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml a/ml
0.613 0.641
0.011 0.029
0.036 0.057
OUNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.21456 0.23687
0.14226 0.16337
0.215 0.237
0.142 0.163
Denominator
1762140.203
129.7200407 <-FRM
129.7200407
129.7200407
129.7200407
SL
F.E.HCCWF
0.867
Exhaust CWF
0.067
HC
ppmC
27.986
0.801
2.481
HC
arams
2.286
0.112
0.203
HC
a/ml
0.637
0.029
0.057
HC
a/ml
0.23583
0.16271
0.236
0.163
Weighted
MPG
18.707
18.801
18.666
18.666
18.666
SPGRAVF Density eftic
0.7432 6.202049256
NUHC CH30H
ppmC opmC
26.2600 0.1925
0.2566 0.0000
1.5416 0.0000
NUHC CK30H
arams arams
2.145 0.036
0.036 0.000
0.126 0.000
NUHC CH30H
0/ml g/ml
0.598 0.010
0.009 0.000
0.035 0.000
NUHC CH30H
a/ml g/ml
0.20916 0.00329
0.13842 0.00210
0.209 0.003
0.138 0.002
Bag 1 Bag 2
UPQ HPQ
18.72 17.48
Gas Dll Fact
19.437
28.277
22.132
CH2CH30H
ppmC
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
arams
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
a/ml
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
a/ml
0.00000
0.00000
0.000
0.000
Bags
UPG
21.47
CxHyOz DF Numer DF Denom FFV Dll Fee
f 13.5275529 0.6894692 19.620
1.828 0.4738957 28.545
0 0.6054563 22.343
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.2962 0.1620 92.425 0.645
0.0223 0.0115 13.107 0.439
0.0103 0.0105 23.506 0.570
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
arams grams grams grams
0.052 0.021 15.242 1672.065
0.007 0.003 3.714 1954.230
0.002 0.001 3.6B3 1478.763
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml a/ml g/ml g/ml
0.015 0.006 4.249 466.166
0.002 0.001 0.963 506:777
0.001 0.000 1.082 412.175
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml a/ml a/ml g/ml
0.0055295 0.0022610 2.07053 462.60
0.0040776 0.0016625 1.67667 472.37
0.00553 0.00226 2.071 463.
0.00408 0.00166 1.677 472.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9485510
0.9646350
0.9548169
NOx
ppm
6.654
1.001
2.253
NOx
arams
1.599
0.413
0.542
NOx
g/ml
0.446
0.107
0.151
NOx
g/ml
0.23159
0.18944
0.232
0.189
1 62.69 <-— MY88 FE Equation
163.51 <- — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
1 62.33 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
1 62.33 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
1 62.33 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Melh
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
o
I
H
-------
Oyno: D209 Test No: 93-11 S3
Dyno/CVS
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag 3
Corrected
Concentrations
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Usss
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Mass
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
MYSSGssFE
Cert Math FE
Ethanol FE 1
Methanol FE 1
Meth&Eth FE
VMK
4971
8528
4961
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:5'
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-10 Ver: 00
Roll Revs Miles
8380 3.594
9030 3.873
6975 3.592
:, ,• • FIDHC
'' i: ppmC
OMHCE
gram*
2.146
0.170
0.173
OMHCE
g/ml
O.S97
0.044
0.048
OUNCE
g/ml
0.22508
0.1S9S7
0.225
0.160
Numerator
33338896.66
2438.881404
2421.336
2421 .336
2421 .336
26.000
1.187
2.139
OMNUHCE FIDHC
grams grama
2.008 2.111
0.059 0.165
0.096 0.173
OUNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.559 0.587
0.015 0.043
0.027 0.048
OUNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.19559 0.22146
0.13090 0.15691
0.196 0.221
0.131 0.157
Denominator
1782119.969
129.7185679 <-FRM
129.7185679
129.7185679
129.7185679
F.E.HCCWF
0.867
Exhaust CWF
0.867
HC
ppmC
26.000
1.187
2.139
HC
grams
2.111
0.165
0.173
HC
fl/ml
0.587
0.043
0.048
HC
g/ml
0.22146
0.15691
0.221
0.157
Weighted
UPG
18.707
18.801
18.666
18.666
18.666
SPGRAVF Density efflc
0.7432 6.202049256
NUHC CH30H
ppntC ppntc '
24.3004 0.0000
0.3947 0.0000
1.1778 0.0000
NMHC CH30H
grams grama
1.973 0.000
0.055 0.000
0.095 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.549 0.000
0.014 0.000
0.027 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.19197 0.00000
0.12824 0.00000
0.192 0.000
0.128 0.000
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MPG
18.80 17.46
Gas Oil Fact
19.295
27.819
21.987
CH2CK3OH
ppmC
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.00000
0.00000
0.000
0.000
Bag 3
MPG
21.63
CxHyOz OF Numer OF Denom FFV Oil Fac
I 13.5275529 0.6945231 19.477
1.828 0.4816811 28.084
0 0.6094562 22.196
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.2895 0.1447 71.653 0.650
0.0226 0.0098 19.420 0.444
0.0065 -0.0039 22.435 0.572
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.051 0.019 11.744 1673.824
0.007 0.002 5.460 1962.699
0.001 -0.001 3.670 1470.140
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.014 0.005 3.267 465.709
0.002 0.001 1.410 506.775
0.000 0.000 1.022 409.283
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0053206 0.0018369 1.88744 461.76
0.0039301 0.0013257 1.68782 471.54
0.00532 0.00184 1.887 462.
0.00393 0.00133 1.688 472.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9481732
0.9640539
0.9545183
NOx
ppm
7.809
0.855
2.705
NOx
grams
1.855
0.348
0.641
NOx
B/ml
0.516
0.090
0.179
NOx
a/ml
0.25723
0.20245
0.257
0.202
1 62.69 < — MY88 FE Equation
163.51 <— • 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
1 62.33 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
162.33 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
162.33 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
u
•
10
10
-------
Oyno: 0209 Test No: 93-1193
Dyno/CVS
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Corrected
Concentration*
Bagl
Bag2
Bags
f^fTf
Emission*
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Hirtt
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
' Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEtGHTEDROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
MYaaQssFE
Cert UethFE
Ethanol FE 1
Uethanol FE 1
Meth&Eth FE
VMK
SOU
0596
5006
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 09:0'
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-12 Ver: 00
Roll Revs Miles
8368 3.589
6982 3.852
0377 3.593
^'f'-rv FIOHC
•'< . '• DDmC
OUNCE
drama
1.747
0.1 58
0.217
OMHCE
g/ml
0.4B7
0.041
0.060
OHHCE
g/ml
0.19224
0.13872
0.192
0.139
Numerator
33338896.66
2438.881404
2421.336
2421.336
2421.336
•\\ •' 20.978
1.095
2.633
OMNMHCE FIDHC
grama grama
1.634 1.717
0.067 0.154
0.128 0.215
OMNUHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.455 0.478
0.017 0.040
0.036 0.060
OMNMHCE FIOHC
g/ml g/ml
0.16569 0.18901
0.11315 0.13632
0.166 0.189
0.113 0.136
Denominator
1794016.491
130.5845027 <-FRM
130.5845027
130.5845027
130.5845027
F.E.HCCWF
0.867
Exhaust CWF
0.067
HC
DDmC
20.978
1.095
2.633
HC
grams
1.717
0.154
0.215
HC
g/ml
0.478
0.040
0.060
HC
g/ml
0.18901
0.13632
0.189
0.136
Weighted
UPG
18.583
18.677
18.542
18.542
18.542
National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density efflc
0.7432 6.202049256
NMHC CH30H
DDmC DPtnC
19.5975 0.0000
0.4470 0.0000
1.5434 0.0000
NMHC CK30H
• grama grams
1.604 0.000
0.063 0.000
0.126 0.000
NMHC CH30H
g/ml g/ml
0.447 0.000
0.016 0.000
0.035 0.000
NMHC ferOOH
g/ml g/ml
0.16246 0.00000
0.11076 0.00000
0.162 0.000
0.111 0.000
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG UPG
18.80 17.23
Gas Oil Fact
19.543
27.924
22.106
CH2CH30H
DDmC
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.00000
0.00000
0.000
0.000
Bag 3
MPG
21.49
CxHvOz DF Numer DF Denom FFV Dll Fac
T 13.5275529 0.6856944 19.728
1.828 0.479B773 28.190
0 0.6061847 22.316
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC DDmC ppm pet
0.2433 0.1265 51.280 0.646
0.0209 0.0073 12.038 0.445
0.0090 0.0091 20.300 0.571
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.043 0.016 8.472 1677.752
0.006 0.002 3.412 1981.678
0.002 0.001 3.351 1479.963
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.012 0.005 2.361 467.472
0.002 0.000 0.8B6 514.410
0.000 0.000 0.933 411.919
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0046292 0.0017436 1.38064 465.77
0.0034688 0.0012583 1.20441 476.46
0.00463 0.00174 1.381 466.
0.00347 0.00126 1.204 476.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9488316
0.9641886
0.9547626
NOx
ppm
7.854
0.601
1.602
NOx
grams
1.888
0.248
0.385
NOx
g/ml
0.526
0.064
0.107
NOx
g/ml
0.22838
0.17181
0.228
0.172
161.61 < — MY88 FE Equation
162.43 < — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
161 .26 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
1 61 .26 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
161 .26 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
w
U)
-------
Dyno: D209 TMt No: 93-1184
Dvno/CVS
B.g1
Bag2
Bags
Corrected
Concentration*
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
**fff
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
M*»S
Enussiontt
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bags
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
MYBBQasFE
Cart Math FE
Ettianol FE 1
Uathsnol FE 1
MethtEth FE
vtux
4963
8510
4954
OUNCE
grama
2.087
0.266
0.171
OMHCE
a/ml
0.579
0.069
0.048
OMHCE
fl/ml
0.2281 5
0.16874
0.228
0.169
Numerator
33338896.66
2438.881404
2421.336
2421.336
2421.336
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 09:0'
MFR: 040 Vah ID: ETHNL-12 Ver 00
Roll Rava Miles
8403 3.604
0030 3.873
B362 3.586
-ft$!v-V TOHC
".'H ••:.•'« pDmc
iF' •' ••. 26.416
1.879
2.113
OMNMHCE FIDHC
orams grama
1.961 2.060
0.163 0.261
0.092 0.171
OUNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml a/ml
O.S44 0.572
0.042 0.067
0.026 0.048
OMNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.20032 0.22524
0.14165 0.16650
0.200 0.225
0.142 0.166
Denominator
1788963.072
130.2166699 <-FRM
130.2166699
130.2166699
130.2166699
F.E.HCCWF
0.867
Exhaust CWF
0.067
HC
ppmC
2S.416
1.879
2.113
HC
grams
2.060
0.261
0.171
HC
fl/ml
0.572
0.067
0.048
HC
fl/ml
0.22524
0.16650
0.225
0.166
Weighted
MPQ
18.636
18.729
16.595
18.595
18.595
National Vehicle and Fuel Emission Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density efllc
0.7432 6.202049256
NMHC CH30H
ppmC ppmC
23.8696 0.0000
1.1374 0.0000
1.1301 0.0000
NMHC CH30H
grams grams
1.935 0.000
0.158 0.000
0.091 0.000
NMHC CH30H
fl/ml a/ml
0.537 0.000
0.041 0.000
0.025 0.000
NMHC CH30H
a/ml g/ml
0.19741 0.00000
0.13941 0.00000
0.197 0.000
0.139 0.000
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MPG
18.83 17.32
Gas Oil Fact
19.286
27.667
22.035
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH30H
grams
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
fl/ml
0.000
0.000
0.000
CH2CH30H
fl/ml
0.00000
0.00000
0.000
0.000
Bags
MPG
21.61
CxHvOz OF Numer OF Denom FFV Dll Fac
1 13.5275529 0.6946408 19.469
1.828 0.4843385 27.930
0 0.6081141 22.245
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.1903 0.1393 76.068 0.652
0.0282 0.0079 15.825 0.449
0.0091 -0.0041 19.909 0.573
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.033 0.018 12.450 1675.584
0.008 0.002 4.440 1979.690
0.002 -0.001 3.252 1469.888
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.009 0.005 3.4S5 464.923
0.002 0.000 1.146 511.162
0.000 0.000 0.907 409.848
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0039303 0.0017293 1.82063 463.26
0.0031791 0.0012228 1.55915 473.81
0.00393 0.00173 1.821 463.
0.00318 0.00122 1.559 474.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9481487
0.9638557
0.9546184
NOx
ppm
7.509
1.105
1.256
NOx
grama
1.774
0.448
0.296
NOx
g/ml
0.492
0.116
0.083
NOx
g/ml
0.22763
0.18465
0.228
0.185
1 62.07 < — MYB8 FE Equation
162.88 <- — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
161 .71 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
161.71 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
161 .71 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
w
Ik
N
I
H
S3
10
-------
Dyno: D209 Teat No: 93-1179
Dyno/CVS
Bagl
Bag 2
BagS
Corrected
Concentratlona
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Maaa
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
BagS
Hftt
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
UY88GasFE
Cert Meth FE
Ethanol FE 1
Methanol FE 1
MethAEth FE
VMDt
4972
853)
4954
OMHCE
grama
2.097
0.144
0.248
OUNCE
g/ml
0.585
0.037
0.069
OMHCE
g/ml
0.22542
0.15930
0.225
0.159
Numerator
21527979.2
1528.384762
1780.4088
2421.336
1780.4088
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:2i
MFR: 040 Veil ID: ETHNL-10 Ver: 00
Roll Revs Miles
0363 3.587
9011 3.865
0376 3.592
.'!;. FIDHC
' . ppmC
18.274
0.937
2.904
OMNMHCE FIDHC
grama grama
1.892 1.484
0.023 0.130
0.076 0.23S
OMNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.528 0.414
0.006 0.034
0.021 0.065
OMNMHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.16028 0.16744
0.11808 0.12108
0.180 0.167
0.118 0.121
Denominator
1631013.782
118.7362238 <-FRM
118.7362238
118.7362238
118.7362238
F.E.HCCWF
0.527
Exhaust CWF
0.56
HC
ppmC
10.010
0.937
2.904
HC
grama
0.813
0.130
0.235
HC
g/ml
0.227
0.034
0.065
HC
g/ml
0.10668
0.08236
0.107
0.082
Weighted
•MPG
13.199
12.855
14.995
20.393
14.995
National Vehicle and Fuel Emisiiom Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density erfic
0.76544 6.38764341
NMHC CH30H
ppmC ppmC
7.4851 0.4272
0.0709 0.0000
0.7679 0.0000
NMHC CK30H
grams grams
0.608 0.080
0.010 0.000
0.062 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.169 0.022
0.003 0.000
0.017 0.000
NMHC CK30H
g/ml a/ml
0.06155 0.00725
0.04114 0.00462
0.062 0.007
0.041 0.005
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MPG
12.60 12.10
Gas Oil Fact
20.661
30.673
23.644
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
11.2059
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
1.511
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.421
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.13679
0.08717
0.137
0.087
Bag 3
MPG
14.78
CxHyOz DF Numer DF Denom FFV Dll Fac
1 12.3187906 0.64931B2 16.972
2.867 0.4368808 28.197
0.41 0.5620027 21.919
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.5427 3.6419 57.621 0.610
0.0861 0.0093 4.716 0.404
0.1453 0.0213 19.993 0.527
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.095 0.470 9.446 1570.771
0.026 0.002 1.326 1784.089
0.025 0.003 3.265 1353.639
CH20 C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml a/ml g/ml g/ml
0.027 0.131 2.633 437.925
0.007 0.001 0.343 461.629
0.007 0.001 0.909 376.804
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml a/ml g/ml
0.0132934 0.0429462 1.27105 426.34
0.0109329 0.0275779 0.97259 433.43
0.01329 0.04295 1.271 426.
0.01093 0.02758 0.973 433.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9472904
0.9645354
0.95437B4
NOx
ppm
5.223
0.654
1.307
NOx
grams
1.261
0.271
0.315
NOx
g/ml
0.352
0.070
0.086
NOx
a/ml
0.16726
0.13322
0.167
0.133
1 72.2 < — MY88 FE Equation
167.71 <- — 1992 < — Trie donom includes all C emissions
1 95.62 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
266.04 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
195.62 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Venion: FFV 1.1
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
-------
Dyno: D209 Te»t No: 93-1180
Dvno/CVS
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Corrected
Concentratlona
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Mase
Emissions
Bagl
Bag2
Bag 3
llfff
EmlMtons
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bags
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
UY88QnFE
Cert Met* FE
Ethanol FE 1
Uathanol FE 1
Meth&Eth FE
VUIX
5033
S633
S021
OUHCE
grama
1.038
0.130
0.235
OUNCE
a/ml
O.S40
0.034
0.065
OUNCE
a/ml
0.20866
0.14732
0.209
0.147
Numerator
21527979.2
1526.384762
1780.4088
2421 .336
1780.4088
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Msss, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:3:
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-10 Ver: 00
Roll Reve Miles
0366 3.588
6996 3.858
6373 3.591
RDHC
ppmC
16.917
0.865
2.832
OUNUHCE FtDHC
grams orama
1.714 1.390
0.000 0.122
0.058 0.232
OUNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.478 0.387
0.000 0.032
0.016 0.065
OUNUHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.16058 0.15805
0.10345 0.11443
0.161 0.158
0.103 0.114
Denominator
1643675.376
119.6580298 <-FRM
119.6580298
119.6580298
119.6580296
F.E.HCCWF
0.527
Exhaust CWF
0.56
HC
ppmC
9.889
0.865
2.832
HC
grams
0.813
0.122
0.232
HC
o/ml
0.227
0.032
0.065
HC
g/ml
0.10572
0.08107
0.106
0.081
Weighted
MPQ
13.097
12.756
14.879
20.235
14.879
National Vehicle and Fuel pmi«fio«ff Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density efflc
0.76544 6.38764341
NMHC CH30H
ppmC ppmC
7.1638 0.4551
-0.0519 0.0000
0.6672 0.0000
NMHC CH30H
grams grams
0.589 0.086
-0.007 0.000
0.055 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.164 0.024
-0.002 0.000
0.015 0.000
NUHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.05764 0.00783
0.03720 0.00499
0.058 0.008
0.037 0.005
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MPG
12.63 11.98
Gas Dll Fact
20.769
30.602
23.824
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
9.4393
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
1.288
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.359
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.11670
0.07438
0.117
0.074
Bag 3
MPG
14.63
CxHyOz DF Numer DF Denom FFV Dll Fee
1 12.3167906 0.6452261 19.092
2.867 0.4378901 26.132
0.41 0.5624722 21.901
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.4977 3.3009 50.062 0.602
0.0445 0.0094 4.817 0.402
0.0211 0.0154 45.139 0.523
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.089 0.431 8.307 1570.638
0.014 0.002 1.371 1798.094
0.004 0.002 7.472 1359.833
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.025 0.120 2.315 437.731
0.004 0.001 0.355 466.028
0.001 0.001 2.081 378.664
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0095937 0.0393999 1.55383 428.40
0.0072239 0.0253105 1.23552 436.16
0.00959 0.03940 1.554 42B.
0.00722 0.02531 1.236 436.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9476226
0.9644535
0.9543403
NOx
ppm
4.967
0.502
1.155
NOx
grams
1.213
0.210
0.281
NOx
g/ml
0.338
0.054
0.078
NOx
g/ml
0.15437
0.11975
0.154
0.120
170.87 < — MYB8 FE Equation
166.42 <- — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
194.11 < — Old Cert Proposed Methano) FE adapted to Ethanol
263.99 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
194.1 1 <— - Old Cert Prpsd Melh FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
-------
Dyno: D209 Test No: 93-1181
Dvno/CVS
B.g1
B«g2
Bag 3
Corrected
Concentrations
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bags
Mass
Emissions
Bag1
Bag 2
Bag3
Uaaa
Bag1
Bag 2
Bag3
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
UY88 Qaa FE
Cert Ueth FE
EthanolFEl
Uethanol FE 1
Ueth&Eth FE
VUIX
4990
8567
4991
OUNCE
grams
1.991
0.169
0.236
OUNCE
g/ml
0.555
0.044
0.066
OMHCE
a/ml
0.21706
0.15571
0.217
0.156
Numerator
22292903.36
1534.281506
1780.4088
2421.336
1780.4088
taional Vehicle and Fuel Emisthm Labonb
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
' . Emission, Masa, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:3!
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-10 Ver: 00
Roll Rave Miles
B368 3.589
8996 3.858
837) 3.590
(. FIDHC
'' . ppmC
17.446
1.165
2.646
GUNMHCE FIDHC
orams arams
1 .782 1 .422
0.019 0.163
0.065 0.232
OUNUHCE FIDHC
g/ml g/ml
0.497 0.396
0.005 0.042
0.018 0.065
OUNUHCE FIDHC
a/ml g/ml
0.16911 0.16459
0.11047 0.12173
0.169 0.165
0.110 0.122
Denominator
1661554.776
118.4275314 <-FRM
118.4275314
118.4275314
118.4275314
!0
F.E.HCCWF
0.527
Exhaust CWF
0.56
HC
ppmC
9.720
1.165
2.646
HC
grams
0.792
0.163
0.232
HC
g/ml
0.221
0.042
0.065
HC
g/ml
0.10755
0.08537
0.108
0.065
Weighted
MPG
13.417
12.955
15.034
20.446
15.034
SPQRAVF Density efflc
0.7694 6.420689851
NMHC CK30H
ppmC ppfnC
7.1609 0.4755
0.0936 0.0000
0.7512 0.0000
NMHC CH3OH
grams grams
0.584 0.089
0.013 0.000
0.061 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/ml g/ml
0.163 0.025
0.003 0.000
0.017 0.000
NMHC CH3OH
g/mi g/ml
0.05960 0.00811
0.04014 0.00517
0.060 0.008
0.040 0.005
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MPG
12.84 12.20
Gas Oil Fact
20.926
30.930
23.945
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
10.3998
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
1.407
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.392
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.12748
0.08124
0.127
0.081
Bag 3
MPG
14.81
CxHyOz OF Numer DF Denom FFV Dll Fac
1 12.3167906 0.6410392 19.217
2.867 0.4332459 28.434
0.41 0.5596289 22.012
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.4914 3.3437 47.452 0.601
0.0357 0.0090 6.798 0.400
0.0202 0.0229 15.190 0.525
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.087 0.433 7.807 1553.201
0.011 0.002 1.920 1773.817
0.004 0.003 2.500 1358.447
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.024 0.121 2.175 432.768
0.003 0.001 0.498 459.736
0.001 0.001 0.696 378.368
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0091583 0.0396451 1.10772 424.50
0.0067307 0.0254738 0.899B4 431.79
0.00916 0.03965 1.108 425.
0.00673 0.02547 0.900 432.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9479625
0.9648305
0.9545711
NOx
ppm
5.259
0.553
1.409
NOx
grams
1.273
0.230
0.341
NOx
g/ml
0.355
0.060
0.095
NOx
g/ml
0.16708
0.13046
0.167
0.130
174.14 < — MY88 FE Equation
168.15 <- — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
195.12 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
265.36 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
195.12 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
p
U)
I
00
tn
dp
s
H
o>
U)
-------
Dyno: D209 Test No: 93-1191
Ovno/CVS
Bag1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Corrected
Concentrations
Bag1
Bag 2
Bags
Mas*
Emission*
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Matt
Emissions
Bag1
Bag 2
Bags
Compoalta
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
FlMl
Economy
MY88GaaFE
Cert Math FE
Ethanol FE 1
Hathanol FE 1
Ueth&Eth FE
VMK
4973
8537
4959
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 08:5!
MFR: 040 Van ID: ETHNL-12 Ver: 00
Roll Revs Miles
8392 3.599
0990 3.859
8372 3.591
->!: ' FIDHC
: ppmC
OHHCE
grama
2.033
0.094
0.182
OUNCE
g/ml
0.565
0.024
0.051
OHHCE
g/ml
0.20904
0.14380
0.209
0.144
Numerator
21527979.2
1526.384762
1780.4088
2421.336
1780.4088
17.517
0.578
2.183
OUNMHCE RDHC
drams arama
1.861 1.423
0.022 0.081
0.042 0.177
OHNUHCE FDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.517 0.395
0.006 0.021
0.012 0.049
OMNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml g/ml
0.17421 0.15204
0.11346 0.10635
0.174 0.152
0.113 0.106
Denominator
1643031.169
119.6114626 <-FRM
119.6114626
119.6114626
119.6114626
F.E.HCCWF
0.527
Exhaust CWF
0.56
HC
ppmC
9.920
0.578
2.183
HC
grams
0.806
0.081
0.177
HC
g/ml
0.224
0.021
0.049
HC
g/ml
0.09620
0.07078
0.096
0.071
Weighted
MPG
13.103
12.761
14.885
20.243
14.885
National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density efflc
0.76544 6.38764341
NMHC CH3OH
ppmC ppmC
7.7955 0.5697
0.0627 0.0000
0.4465 0.0000
NMHC CH3OH
grams orams
0.633 0.107
0.009 0.000
0.036 0.000
NMHC CK30H
g/ml g/ml
0.178 0.030
0.002 0.000
0.010 0.000
NMHC CH30H
g/ml g/ml
0.06136 0.00967
0.04044 0.00616
0.061 0.010
0.040 0.006
Bag 1 Bag 2
MFC MPG
12.62 12.00
Gas Oil Fact
20.652
30.565
23.730
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
10.1216
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
grams
1.365
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.379
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.12352
0.07868
0.124
0.079
Bag 3
MPG
14.68
CxHyOz DF Numer OF Denom FFV Oil Fac
) • 12.3187906 0.6495990 18.964
2.367 0.4384154 28.098
0.41 0.5646978 21.815
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC ppm pet
0.6244 3.8003 40.487 0.613
0.0871 0.0102 0.596 0.407
0.0577 0.0098 6.677 0.531
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grama
0.110 0.490 6.638 1578.652
0.026 0.002 0.168 1798.107
0.010 0.001 1.092 1365.533
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.031 0.136 1.844 438.601
0.007 0.001 0.043 465.928
0.003 0.000 0.304 380.296
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0132337 0.0446699 0.71477 429.20
0.0106330 0.0286523 0.48874 436.73
0.01323 0.04467 0.715 429.
0.01063 0.02865 0.489 437.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9472676
0.9644108
0.9541596
NOx
ppm
6.172
0.606
1.809
NOx
grama
1.486
0.250
0.434
NOx
g/ml
0.413
0.065
0.121
NOx
g/ml
0.19648
0.15251
0.196
0.153
1 70.94 < — MY88 FE Equation
166.48 <- — 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
1 94 . 1 9 < — Old Cert Proposed Melhanol FE adapted to Ethanol
264. 1 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
194.19 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EOD
I
K>
I
CD
Ul
dP
M
ft
tr
S
o
H
ft
=**:
-------
Dyno: D209 Test No: 93-1192
Dvno/CVS
B.g1
Bag 2
Bag 3
Corrected
Concentrations
Bagl
Bag 2
Bags
Haaa
Emission*
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Uass
Emissions
Bagl
Bag 2
Bag3
Composite
Emissions
UNWEIGHTED UNR
WEIGHTED UNR
UNWEIGHTED ROU
WEIGHTED ROU
Fuel
Economy
MY88 Qas FE
Cert Meth FE
EthanolFEl
Uethanol FE 1
UethAEth FE
VMIX
5022
8624
S022
OUHCE
grama
2.029
0.130
0.254
OUNCE
a/ml
O.S65
0.034
0.071
QMHCE
a/ml
0.21836
0.15379
0.218
0.154
Numerator
21527979.2
1526.384762
1780.4086
2421.336
1780.4088
VEHICLE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TEST ANALYSIS page 3/3
Emission, Mass, and Fuel Economy Determination Processed: 07/28/93 09:0!
MFR: 040 Veh ID: ETHNL-12 Von 00
Ron Revs Miles
0374 3.592
9020 3.869
6371 3.590
;'/ll"\\- TOHC
' 1 ''. DomC
1 17.300
0.868
3.054
OHNMHCE RDHC
arams arams
1.844 1.419
•0.003 0.122
0.054 0.250
OMNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.514 0.395
-0.001 0.032
0.015 0.070
OHNMHCE FIDHC
a/ml a/ml
0.17158 0.16211
0.11011 0.11730
0.172 0.162
0.110 0.117
Denominator
1644523.116
119.719746 <-FRM
119.719746
119.719746
119.719746
F.E.HCCWF
0.527
Exhaust CWF
0.56
HC
PDmC
9.715
0.868
3.054
HC
arams
0.797
0.122
0.250
HC
a/mi
0.222
0.032
0.070
HC
g/ml
0.10582
0.08145
0.106
0.081
Weighted
MPG
13.091
12.750
14.871
20.225
14.871
Motional Vehicle aod Fuel Emiisioas Laboratory
SPGRAVF Density efflc
0.76544 6.38764341
NUHC CK30H
ppmC PDmC
7.4655 0.4480
-0.0733 0.0000
0.6161 0.0000
NUHC CH30H
arams grams
0.612 0.085
-0.010 0.000
0.051 0.000
NUHC CH30H
a/ml g/ml
0.170 0.024
-0.003 0.000
0.014 0.000
NMHC CH30H
a/ml a/ml
0.05904 0.00768
0.03777 0.00489
0.059 0.008
0.03B 0.005
Bag 1 Bag 2
MPG MFC
12.50 12.05
Qas Oil Fact
20.563
30.536
23.682
CH2CH3OH
ppmC
10.2290
0.0000
0.0000
CH2CH3OH
arams
1.393
0.000
0.000
CH2CH3OH
g/ml
0.388
0.000
0.000
CH2CH30H
g/ml
0.12604
0.08028
0.126
0.080
Bag 3
MPG
14.58
CxHyOz OF Numer OF Denom FFV Oil Fac
/ 12.3187906 0.6524045 18.882
2.567 0.4388393 28.071
0.41 0.5658309 21.771
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
ppmC ppmC PPm pet
0.5846 3.7595 37.506 0.612
0.0469 0.0083 4.041 0.401
0.0245 0.0204 17.275 0.527
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
grams grams grams grams
0.104 0.490 6.210 1591.067
0.014 0.002 1.149 1792.831
0.004 0.003 2.860 1371.555
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.029 0.136 1.729 443.001
0.004 0.000 0.297 463.428
0.001 0.001 0.797 382.019
CH2O C2H4O CO CO2
g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml
0.0110808 0.0447090 0.92478 430.34
0.0082322 0.0286680 0.73055 436.86
0.01106 0.04471 0.925 430.
0.00823 0.02867 0.731 437.
Efficiency
Correct
0.9470399
0.9643764
0.9540677
NOx
pprn
5.719
0.654
1.707
NOx
grams
1.398
0.275
0.417
NOx
g/ml
0.389
0.071
0.116
NOx
g/ml
0.18911
0.14928
0.189
0.149
170.78 < — MY88 FE Equation
1 66.33 <-— 1992 < — The donom includes all C emissions
1 94.01 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE adapted to Ethanol
263.66 < — Old Cert Proposed Methanol FE
194.01 < — Old Cert Prpsd Meth FE adapted to Eth and/or Meth
Version: FFV 1.2
Processed - US EPA OAR QMS EDO
p
01
PI
=*:
M
10
I
I
OD
Ul
df>
9
o
H
8
*
ro
-------
Results from Lamina Ethanol Variable Fueled Vehicle Program
E 0-10-1
E 0-10-2
E 0-12-1
E 0-12-1
E 85-10-1
E 85-10-2
E 85-10-3
E 85-12-1
E 85-12-2
E 0-10-1
E 0-10-2
E 0-12-1
E 0-12-1
E 85-10-1
E 85-10-2
E 85-10-3
E 85-12-1
E 85-12-2
HC
0.163
0.157
0.136
0.166
0.082
0.061
0.085
0.071
0.081
FORMALDEHYDE
0.0041
0.0039
0.0035
0.0032
0.0109
0.0072
0.0067
0.0106
0.0082
NMHC
0.138
0.128
0.111
0.139
0.041
0.037
0.040
0.040
0.038
ACETALDEHYDE
0.0017
0.0013
0.0013
0.0012
0.0276
0.0253
0.0255
0.0287
0.0287
METHANOL
ETHANOL
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.087
0.074
0.081
0.079
0.080
OMHCE
0.167
0.160
0.138
0.168
0.159
0.147
0.155
0.144
0.153
QMNMHCE
0.142
0.131
0.113
0.141
0.118
0.103
0.110
0.113
0.110
OMHCE - HC + 13.876*(METH/32.042 + ETH/23.034 + FORM/30.026 + ACET/22.026)
OMNMHCE = OMHCE + NMHC - HC
-------
Fuel Economy Worksheet for Altemrtlva Fueled Vehicle*
(G/MI)
Vehicle
EO-10-1
/
EO-10-2
EO-12-1
EO-12-2
E85-10-1
E85-10-2
E85-10-3
E85-12-1
E85-12-2
Bag
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
1
2
3
Composite
HC
0.637
0.029
0.057
0.165
0.587
0.043
0.048
0.15921
0.478
0.04
0.06
0.13885
0.572
0.067
0.048
0.16931
0.227
0.034
0.065
0.10337
0.227
0.032
0.065
0.09933
0.221
0.042
0.065
0.10533
0.224
0.021
0.049
0.08964
0.222
0.032
0.07
0.10098
CO
4.249
0.963
1.082
1.677
3.267
1.41
1.022
1.688
2.361
0.886
0.933
1.204
3.455
1.146
0.907
1.559
2.633
0.343
0.909
0.973
8.307
1.371
7.472
1.236
2.175
0.498
0.696
0.9
1.844
0.043
0.304
0.489
1.729
0.297
0.797
0.731
C02
466.166
506.777
412.175
472.37
465.709
506.775
409.283
471.54
467.472
514.41
411.919
476.48
464.923
511.162
409.848
473.81
437.925
461.629
376.804
433.43
437.731
466.028
378.664
436.16
432.768
459.736
378.368
431.79
438.601
465.928
380.296
436.73
443.001
463.428
382.019
436.86
CH3OH
0.01
0
0
0.0021
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.022
0
0
0.00462
0.024
0
0
0.00499
0.025
0
0
0.00517
0.03
0
0
0.00616
0.024
0
0
0.00489
CH2CH3OH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.421
0
0
0.08717
0.359
0
0
0.07438
0.392
0
0
0.08124
0.379
0
0
0.07868
0.388
0
0
0.08028
CH20
0.015
0.002
0.001
0.004078
0.014
0.002
0
0.00393
0.012
0.002
0
0.003469
0.009
0.002
0
0.003179
0.027
0.007
0.007
0.010933
0.025
0.004
0.001
0.007224
0.024
0.003
0.001
0.006731
0.031
0.007
0.003
0.106331
0.029
0.004
0.001
0.008232
C2H4O
0.006
0.001
0
0.001663
0.005
0.001
0
0.001326
0.005
0
0
0.001258
0.005
0
0
0.001223
0.131
0.001
0.001
0.027578
0.12
0.001
0.001
0.025311
0.121
0.001
0.001
0.025474
0.136
0.001
0
0.028652
0.136
0
0.001
0.028668
CWF
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
SG
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7432
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
0.7694
(MPG)
FE
18.81
17.57
21.57
18.78
18.89
17.54
21.73
18.81
18.89
17.31
21.60
18.65
18.91
17.40
21.71
18.73
13.45
12.92
15.78
13.71
13.20
12.75
15.29
13.62
13.64
12.96
15.73
13.77
13.47
12.81
15.68
13.63
13.35
12.87
15.57
13.62
H
O
§
I
ff
II
FUEL ECONOMY - (CWPSG*3784)/((HCCWPHC)-(-(0.429*CO)+(0.273*CO2)+(0.375*CH3OH)-t-{0.521 •CH2CH3OHK(0.400*CH2O)+(0.545*C2H4O))
HCCWF - 0.866 for Indoten*. 0.841 tor gasoline portion of ESS
-------
r
7082101074 PUT
998 P04
JUL
1S§!
F. Fu«l Specifications
ILLINOIS D€PT. OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Vapor Prwsuftt. psi
(BP
5
10
20
30
40
50
80
70
80
90
95
Rasidua.%
1099.%
Specific Gravity, 8Q780T
RAMO
t^Ponfflns
Oloflns
Dld«fliw
Unknowns
Quntmg/IOOml
Unwaatwd
OctanM
RMoai
Motor
PMl^^lMWJ
1ENE4JIA1
t
£2^U!^LL
8.73
87
10!
12^
147
171
196
z\i
232
248J
272!
315
3371
3M
98.8
1.3
1.9
I
0.74*8
ami
;
134
1.8j
OJI
87i
92.4
s icaiiHG
LYSE8
AU
Drum 2
8.78
84
108
128
149-
172 .
197
218
233
248
, 271
313
334
390
97.0
1.3
1.7
0.743
biPtoojran
1.4
1.0
37.3
92.4
AMOCO
8J1
124
320
•
390
n
ti
it
0.7432
31.0
7.0
817
91.8
JHSflteindajds
-------
CH LABS
JUL. i»'33 131
ILLINOIS DEPT. OF ENERGY ANfi NATURAL RESOURCES
E9SPPVEMSS10NS IESIINQ
AOMSntpte!
iGM
ALL
PlQpfMWu QM CB5
BhanolVtt
Hydrocarbon Vt&
Addty a« acateadd. W%
Conductivity, micro SAn
Gum. mo/100 mi
Unwashad
Wsshad
Specific Gravity. 60780T
Water. W5i(R«chai)
PIANO on danaftnant
Diitinaiion. T
IBP
5
10
2»
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
95
1S7
81J)
13J)
150
8.76 8.83
RMidtu.%
Los*.*
81.0
110
816
16J
1.4
QJ
1.8
OJ
IL7696 0.7693
99
122
136
169
167
169
170
171
171
171
171
171
192
98.1
12
1.7
100
123
139
159
167
170
170
171
171
171
171
171
187
96.4
02
1.4
72-8.7
79min.
19-21
QJBSOflMK
3)0 max
100 max
------- |