\
PB 212 561
STUDIES OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS AND
PLANTS ROM THE FOUR CORNERS AREA OF
NEW MEXICO
N. B. S-t&rk, et al
University of Nevada
Reno, Nevada
1 September 1972
DISTRIBUTED BY:
National Technical Information Service
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1- Report No. V 2..
SHEET EPA-R4-72-007 .
4. Title and Subtitle '"' " .-£
Studies of Trace Elements in Soils and Plants Prom the
Four Corners Area of New Mexico .
7. Author(s)
Nellie B. Stark and Patricia F. Harris
9. Performing Organization Name and Address . t
Center for Water Resources Research
Desert Research Institute
University of Nevada System
Reno, Nevada ... 89507
1 2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address ' .
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY .
Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 ,
3. Recipient's Accession No.
^-dJSb Slot
5. Report Date
September i, 1972
6.
8. Performing Organization Kept.
No. '
10. Ptoject/Task/Wotk Unit No.
20 '
11. Contract /Grant No.
68-02-0269
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
Final
14.
15. Supplementary Notes , . ' .....-.'.... . .. , ,
16. Abstracts , A e^-nrft/f u^R initiated as a result of the need to develoo
background and preliminary data on the environmental effects of coal- 6
fired power plants. The objective of the study was to measure the
concentration of eleven trace elements in plants and. soils in the \-
Four Corners area of New Mexico. Selection of the elements was made
on the basis of data obtained from a survey on the chemical make-up i;
of the fly ash emitted by the power plants in this locatidn. These .«, 0|-
eleven elements are: 4s, Be, Cd, Cr, F, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se.
Some of the elements studied, such as mercury, lead and selenium, asss .:;
known to be toxic to animals in relatively low concentrations. This
study, by sampling plants and soils in two different, locations , - """!' S! . p
attempted to develop preliminary data on the potential buildup of,0 .,.,,.,, ..-,
each trace element.
nh.r:Bnor.2 .txf
17. Key Words and Document
Air Pollution
Coal
Electric Power
Trace Elements
Measurement
Plants (botany)
Soil Analysis
17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended
Four Corners
New Mexico
17c. COSAT1 Field/Group
18. Availability Statement
I
Analysis. 17o. Descriptors
Soils jtnamolqquJ .2T
Fly Ash . '..' .>'^".'i«"-T
Plants Chemical Analysis , . , u .,
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FORM NTIS-33 ('10-701'
UtfCOMM-6C
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NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE
BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING
AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER-
TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE-
LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE
' ***
AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE.
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FOREWORD
This report represents the results of an effort to provide the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency with data pertinent to the operation
and effects of coal-fired generating plants in the Four Corners area of
New Mexico. The study was performed under the auspices of the Center for
Water Resources Research of the Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada System. The collection of plant and soil samples was accomplished
by Dr. Nellie Stark of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics of the Desert
Research Institute. She also was responsible for carrying out the plant
digestions and soil extractions. The analytical work was carried out
under the direction of Mrs. Patricia Harris in the laboratories of the
Center for Water Resources Research. Selection of the control and impact
areas at Four Corners was made by the project officers, Dr. Gordon Everett
and Dr. David Shearer, both of the Environmental Protection Agency. The
total project was carried out between April 6 and June 30. 1972.
Gilbert F. Cochran
Acting Director
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CONTENTS ...
Page
Introduction 1
Methods ' 5
Sample Preparation ^ . 9
: i" .
Special Considerations ; 11
Sample Code ; 14
Analytical Methods - Preliminary Samples 17-
Analytical Methods - Main Samples 18
Salt - Acid Matrices 20
Analytical Methods Outline 21
References . :24.S1
FIGURES
1. General Location Map 2
2. Control Area 1 3
3. Impact Area Land 2, and Control Area 2 4
4. Control Area North of the Four Corners' Plant 6
5. Impact Area South of the Four Corners' Plant 6
APPENDICES
1. Atomic Absorption 24
2. Flouride 27
3. Mercury ; 29
4. Selenium ' 31-
5. Analytical Data 35
Soils, Preliminary Samples 36
Plants, Preliminary Samples 46
Soils: 0.002 N H SO Extraction, Main Samples 51
Soils: 1.0 N HCL Extraction, Main Samples 61
Plants, Main Samples 72
ii
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INTRODUCTION
This study was initiated following discussions with Dr. Gordon Everett of
the Office of Technical Analysis, Environmental Protection Agency and his
consultants about the need to develop background and preliminary data on
the environmental effects of coal-fired power plants. The objective of
the study was to measure the concentration of eleven trace elements in
plants and soils in the Four Corners area of New Mexico (see Fig. 1, 2, and 3)
Selection of the elements was made by the project officers, Dr. Gordon
Everett and Dr. David Shearer, on the basis of data they had obtained from
the U.S. Geological Survey on the chemical make-up of the fly ash emitted
by the power plants in this location. These eleven elements are: As,
Be, Cd, Cr, F, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se. Some of the elements studied, such
as mercury, lead and selenium, are known to be toxic to animals in rela-
tively low concentrations. This study,by sampling plants and soils in two
different locations,attempted to develop preliminary data on the potential
buildup of each trace element.
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METHODS
At the request of the project officers, a preliminary survey of
"impact" and "control" areas to the west of the Four Corners Plant was
made. Initial samples were collected by Dr. Stark on March 12-15, 1972,
from the impact and control areas which were selected by Kirkland L.
Jones, consultant to the Environmental Protection Agency Office of
Technical Analysis. The impact and control areas are depicted respec-
tively in Figures 4 and 5.
The control area is 5 to 6 miles north of the plant on a ridge with
Juniper, Ephedra, Atriplex confertifolia, and Chrysothamnus sp. The
impact area is about four miles south of the pl-ant on a ridge with
slightly different soils and vegetation (Chrysothamnus sp. and Atriplex c_.) .
The preliminary plant and soil samples were analyzed for ten
elements and these data were used to plan the more extensive sampling
program. These preliminary samples were surveyed only. The determinations
were made for ten of the proposed elements; selenium and mercury were deleted due
to insufficient time and an additional determination was made for cobalt.
These samples were also used to attempt to optimize analytical procedures
to handle the major sample collection and analyses:
1. Different sample weights were used to determine the best
weight in terms of analytical accuracy and logistics.
2. IN NH4OAc, 0.002 N H SO » 1 N HC1 and total digestion with
HF and HCLO. acid were used to find the best extractant
for soils and plants.
5.
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Examination of these preliminary data suggested that areas of con-
centration, such as within a drainage, rather than ridges would be better
suited to the objectives of the study in terms of sample collection sites.
On April 6-9, 1972 the main set of samples were collected from a
new impact area about 1.5 miles west-southwest of the Four Corners Plant
and from a new control area about 8 miles southwest of the plant. These
new sampling areas were selected by the Environmental Protection Agency
project officers. Botn areas are in drainages with sizeable upslope
watershed, similar geology and moderately high alkaline soils.
Three study sites were selected along transects established in both
the control and impact areas. The following samples were collected from
the three sampling sites in both areas:
1. Three (3) soil samples from land surface and three (3)
soil samples from a depth of 10 cm. from sample points
1 and 2. At sites 1, 2, and 3 along each transect one (1)
surface soil sample and one (1) sample from a depth of 10 cm.
were taken from the bottom of the drainage channel, while one
(1) or two (2) surface soil samples and soil samples from a
depth of 10 cm. were taken from the banks above'the wash. A
total of sixteen (16) soil samples were collected along each
transect: eight (8) from land surface and eight (8) from a
depth of 10 cm. The total number of soil samples collected
was thirty-two (32).
2. At points 1, 2 and 3 in both the control and impact areas, leaves,
roots and live bark were collected from Atriplex confertifolia
(saltbush) and Sarcobatus vermiculatus (greasewood). Leaf
-------
and root samples were collected from Chrysothamnus sp.
(rabbithrush). Whole plants of Lesquerella sp. were also
collected. At site three in both areas (the highest in
»
elevation), samples of Artemisia (sagebrush) leaves were
collected for comparison along with two specie's of
fruticose lichens and one moss. The plant, leaf, bark!
and root samples were collected from five (5) plants of
the same general size and sex and were composited for each
species within each pf the three sampling sites along each
transect. Bark samples were extremely difficult to collect
in quantity because the bark was dead on the upper side of
the stems, particularly on Atriplex. All samples were;
collected with plastic gloves to prevent contamination)from
hands. These samples are summarized in Table 1.
i ....' '.
Table 1
Summary of Plant Samples Collected
in both the Impact Area and Control Area
Sage, leaves - (from 5 plants)
Saltbush, leaves, bark, roots - (from 5 plants)
Site 3 Greasewood, leaves, bark, roots - (from 5 plants}
Rabbitbrush, leaves, roots - (from .5 plants)
Lesguerella whole plants (50 individuals)
Lichens (2) moss (1) - from 5 places
Saltbush, leaves, bark, roots - (from 5 plants)
Site 2 Greasewood, leaves, bark, roots - (from 5 plants)
Rabbitbrush, leaves, roots - (from 5 plants)
Lesquerella whole plants - (50 individuals)
Salt bush, leaves, bark, roots - (from 5 plants);
Site 1 Greasewood, leaves, bark, roots - .(from 5 plants)
Rabbitbrush, leaves, roots - (from 5 plants)
Lesquerella, whole plants (50 individuals)
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
The soil samples were collected in clean glass jars, labelled, and dried
for 60 hours at 70 C + 3 to avoid loss of the more volatile elements. These
samples were sieved through a clean 0.7 mm screen, homogenized and quartered
for weighing on waxed paper. All soil extractions were made on lOg, oven
dried, sieved samples weighed to the fourth place.
The 0.002 N H SO extraction at pH3 approximates what elements should
be readily available to acid-producing desert plant roots. The lOg soil
samples were transferred from the weighing papers into the centrifuge tubes
and 25 ml of 0.002 N H-SO. was added with an automatic pipette. The tubes
were shaken for 8 minutes in an Eberbach shaker, and centrifuged at 2,400 X g
for 8 minutes. The supernatant was poured into a funnel with filter paper
and directed into a 100 ml volumetric flask. The soil samples were shaken
three more times with 25 ml of 0.002 N H SO. and centrifuged each time. The
supernatant was poured into the funnels and filtered each time and brought
to exactly 100 ml volume at room 'temperature after the fourth extraction.
All 32 samples were extracted in duplicate for the 0.002 N H SO extraction,
and the extractant stored in labelled glass bottles.
A second set of duplicate lOg soil samples was extracted with 1 N HC1.
This extraction approximated removal of all elements which are readily soluble
in strong acid, and provides an indication of what elements might be available
to plant roots over a long period of acid action by roots. The dry lOg soil
samples were transferred from the weighing papers into centrifuge tubes and
25 ml of 1 N HC1 was added. Because of the strong reaction between the 1 N HC1
and the alkali of the soil, these samples were not shaken but were stirred
-------
for 8 minutes. When the majority of the gas had dissipated, the samples
were centrifuge'd at 2400 Xg for 8 minutes, and the supernatant was filtered
in the same manner as with the 0.002 N H_SO. extractions. A total of four
. ' ' » ' .
25 ml extractions with 8 minute stirring and 8 minutes centrifugirig .cycles
'- .
(each time) was run and the extractant brought to 100 ml .volume in a volu-
metric flask at room temperature with the extractant. The soil extractants
were made in duplicate and were stored in labelled 100 ml glass ibottles for
analysis. . . . ;
The plant {samples were examined for aphids, galls, and other insects
o
before drying at 70 C + 3. The dried samples were ground to pass a 1mm
mesh in a clean analytical grinder. . . ''..'' ""
The dried samples were stored in plastic containers and quartered on
wax paper for weighing. Each digestion used 2g of dried, ground', material
transferred from a weighing paper to a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask, ^except in
cases where only 1 g or 0.5 g were available. A 2g sample was used to
supply enough material for actual measurement. Such a large sample of desert
plant tissue is hard to get into solution and may cause salt interference
during measurement. .
All samples were digested in duplicate except as noted. Seven ml of
concentrated HNO., was added to each sample for predigestion on a hot plate
fV ' ' ' '
at 180 C. After the cessation of fuming (about 1 hour), 15 ml of concentrated
tri-acid (100 ml HNO , 10 ml H SO , 40 ml HC10.) was added and the tempera-
tvuc raised to 260 C+ 5 to complete the digestion (6-8 hours). iThe salts and
. ' .'':.. ' 'I ,
" '..' ' \ '
acid residue (about 1-2 ml) were taken up in 10 ml of 6 N HCL plus 60 ml
distilled water, heated until the salts-went into solution, filtered into
100 ml volumetric flasks, and made to 100 ml volume at room temperature.
-------
The digested samples were stored in clean, labelled 100 ml glass bottles.
All reagents were prepared in advance in large quantitites so that the
same lot was used for all plant or soil treatments and for the matrix stan-
dards and blanks. The glassware was acid cleaned with 6 N HCL, followed
by 10 washings with distilled water, and three rinsings with distilled-
deionized (5 megohm) water.
The data reported in columns 1 and 2 under solution concentration are
duplicate digestions or extractions, not separate measurements of a single
digestion or extraction. The variability between duplicates may be related
to problems of tube breakage or fringe cooling during the extraction or
digestion. Samples exhibiting problems during digestion or extraction are
noted with an x, although the data may still be valid. The main problem
during soil extractions was centrifuge tube breakage; these samples were
re?-run. Slow or poor digestion and poor solution were the main problems
with the plant tissues, and other samples were run where there was enough
tissue.
The digestion of plant material at 260 C + 5 is a cool digestion to
reduce the loss of selenium and other easily volatilized elements. This
temperature created some problem with completing the digestions properly.
The normal temperature of 280 C is probably better if selenium is not of
particular interest.
Special Considerations
For the 0.002N H SO soil extractions, most arsenic, cadmium, lead,
* 4
molybdenum and nickel levels were not detectable. The 1 N HCL treatment
for the soils produced measurements for most elements except molybdenum and
11
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selenium. For the plants, much of the data for arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, lead, molybdenum, and selenium are also below the detection limit. '
The fluoride datia for the plants was not valid.
For both the plants and soils, all data reported as less than (<) indi-
cate values below the detection limit for the analysis method employed; In
the plant data, the same material was analyzed using two gram and one gram
samples in cases where small amounts were available. If the Ug/rol detection
limit in solution is 0.02 for both Ig and 2g samples of the same material,
the 2g sample, by calculation, gives 1.0 yg/g while the Ig sample gives .
2.0 yg/g, when it is not possible to actually measure the amounts.
It was possible that the 2g samples could exhibit either'a .salting
out effect on the trace elements or give significantly higher backgrounds
over the Ig samples, resulting in anomalous data for the different sample
weights. In order to check this, additional.digestions of the moss and
lichen samples were performed, and the following analyses were run by
atomic absorption. . .
Sample
Lichen Gn C-3
Lichen Gn 1-1
Moss C-
Moss C
Moss I
Moss I
Orange Lichen I
Orange Lichen I
These data would indicate that the above-mentioned problems are not of,
great significance where measurable quantities of the elements,!were encountered.
wt.
0.5
0,5
1
0.5
1
0.5
1
2
.Be Cd Cr Pb Mn
<0.0025 <0.0025 0.044 <0.1 ;0.25
<0.0025
0.0078
0.0051
0.0117
0.0025
0.0043
0.017
0.115
0.066
0.124
0.052
0.053
0.0095 0.0043 0.133
'JO.. 2' 5,
;2.97
?1. 30
:2.67
:i.20
(0.84
' Z2.32
Ni ,,,
-------
Unfortunately, for those samples where elements were found only at detection
limit levels, an investigation of salting-out and differences in background
was not definitive. It should be emphasized, that trace element analyses
carried out near the detection limit in complex matrices are subject to
decreased accuracy and precision.
The newly available commercial flameless atomic absorption units util-
izing carbon rod furnaces or heated metal strips are capable of giving
measurements several orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by stan-
dard flame atomic absorption. Several types reportedly accommodate properly
prepared solid soil and plant samples, thus, circumventing many problems
encountered in wet chemical digestions and extractions. This technique
is apparently useful for analyzing low levels of some elements such as
cadmium, lead, selenium and nickel. The methodology for this flameless
AA approach has not as yet been thoroughly assessed. A brief survey of
the above plant digestions was attempted using the IL Tantalum Trip Flame-
less System on a Techtron AA-5. This system gave inconclusive results;
but there was insufficient time to establish optimum instrumental operating
parameters for each element in these complex matrices. . A.dual approach of
analyzing soil and plant samples by both flame and flameless techniques might
be a fruitful effort for future investigation.
13
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New Mexico Samples
Sample Code
Soils
S = Soils
C = Control (different locations- for'preliminary and final samples)
I = Impact (different locations for preliminary and final samples)
1, 2, 3 Sites 1, 2, 3 in Control or Impact Area
(1, 2) replicates 1, 2
0 - 0-5 cm depth
10 = 10-15 cm depth
Plants
P = Plant .. ' ' - ' '- \ "' ..;'..',' ' '-''.
C = Control
I = Impact
i. 1-72 = Sample No.
1,2 ,3 = Sites 1, 2, 3 of C or I
Lvs = Leaves
Bk = Bark
Rts = Roots
Lie = Lichen
M - Whole Plant, Moss
G = Greasewbod (Sarcobaitus vermiculatus)
A = Saltbushl(Atriplex confertifolia)
C = rabbitbrush (Chrysethhamnus sp;);
W = Weed (unident.)
14
-------
S = Sage (Artemisia sp)
SDS = Sand dropseed
J = Juniper
E = Ephedra
Gs = Grass
L = Lesquerella
Ast = Astragalus
Gy = Gray lichen
Gn = Green lichen
0 = Ora.nge lichen
Plant = Whole plant (washed roots only + leaves, stems, flowers)
A dash in the tables indicates that no data are available.
Location of Soils and pH
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Transect
C or I
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Site
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
Location
Slope
Slope
Slope
Slope
Wash
Wash
Slope
Slope
Slope
Slope
Wash
Wash
Depth
cm.
0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15
0-5
. 10-15
0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15
pH
8.1
8.4
8.2
8.5
8.3
9.0
7.9
8.5
8.0
8.2
8.5
8.75
15
-------
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
G
C
c
C
i v;
' " i .
' i .
i
i
i
i
i
i
i.
i
i
' .-I' '.'
X
I
I
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 ''
" 2 '
' ' -. 2 ";. '
2
3
3;- . . .
3 ''''
3
3
3
Slope
Slope
Wash
Wash
Slope
Slope
Slope
Slope
Wash
Wash
Slope
Slope
; Wash
Wash
Slope
Slope
Slope
Slope
Wash
Wash
0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15
' . V 0-5 '
10-15 .
0-5 '
10-15 ;
0-5 '
10-15
0-5
10-i5
: -'o^%:;,r,
. 10-15 vV ';._
0-5 :
10-15
0-5
10-15
8.-2i;
8.55
8.3
8.45
8.35
9-0.
. 9 . 2
<"*'
^B.Q'
8.2
8.3"
8.35
8.65.
'.' B/32
8.0
e'.'i1
,8.45
8.2
8.55
8. '18
8.5
x = sample with some problem during digestion or extraction.
pH determined from Ig (+ 0.1 g) of oven dried soil sample mixed with. 1.0
ml of triple distilled water, allowed to equilibrate for 5 minutes - pH
measured on a Be^kman "Expandomatic" pH meter.
Code
Blank 9 covers samples 1-8 (including 4(2))
Blank 28 covers samples 10-27
Blank 45 covers samples 29-44
..'.'..'''.. \ ' " ;- '' ' ' ' '.
Blank 55 covers samples 46-54
Blank 73 covers samples 56-72
-16 '.' ''':.'..'
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ANALYTICAL METHODS - PRELIMINARY SAMPLES
The preliminary soil extractions and plant digestions on samples collected
from the Four Corners area were analyzed for Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Mn, Mo and Ni
by standard atomic absorption techniques using reagent or acid standards with
no scale expansion, extractions, or background correction with a hydrogen
continuum lamp. Fluoride was determined with a specific ion electrode using
acid or reagent standards in conjunction with a total ionic strength acid
buffer (TISAB) according to accepted procedures . In addition, a sodium carbon-
ate fusion technique was attempted to obtain total fluoride values for soil
samples.
The total soil digestions using HF would have been contaminated with
fluoride, therefore, the carbonate fusion technique was investigated. This
procedure proved to be very time consuming and yielded uncertain results.
The primary purpose of the preliminary data was to determine the most
appropriate methods of sample treatment and analysis and general concentration
ranges. Because of the limited time allowed, mercury and selenium were not
determined.
17
-------
ANALYTICAL METHODS -'MAIN SAMPLES
Whenever possible, standard methods and procedures^ were employed to
obtain the-reported.data. All glassware was washed with 1:1 hydrochloric
or .nitric acid and thoroughly rinsed with distilled-deionized water. The ,
approximate major ma^trices for the two., soil extractions and plant digestions
were determined for Na, Ca, Mg and all matrix standards were made up'with
acid concentrations duplicating those in the respective set of. samples. In
addition reagent blanks used in the extractions and digestions'jwere analyzed
for possible contamination. The acid or reagent blanks showed : no eontami-
. . . . ' ' . -i " '
nation above the detection limits for the elements of interest^
In order to obtain the minimum detection limit for each element analyzed;
by atomic absorption/ scale expansion was employed on the Techtron AA-5 Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer using a 10 inch recorder. For the analyses run
' > ' '
by methods other than atomic absorption techniques, sample. alxfe[uots were
chosen so that a>maximum volume could be used within tae limitations of the
200 ml. total sample volume. Separate soil and plant digestions-- were used
for the flameless AA.mercury analysis (Appendix 3). The duplicate analyses
represent analyses on two separate digestions of the sample, not a replicate
analysis of the same digestion. In tJie 1.0 N HC1 soil extractions there
-..'' '''' ' : ' ! .'-,' .
are several sets of confirmed but-anamolous data on chromium and nickel
which can probably be attributed to sample differences, they ate indicated
by an asterisk (*). All duplicates were averaged following the convention
of half or above rounded to the high value. Where one of the duplicates was
'-''. ' . '-..- - ." ,' ' ;
indicated as l,ess than the detection limit and the other was indicated as a
real concentration, the latter.was reported in the ;average column.
All data that^were not meatsurable were .reported as less than t&e
18
-------
detection limit in solution as pg/ml (e.g., <0.0025 yg/ml for Bo). The final
sample concentrations were calculated as follows:
IJg/ml in solution x 100ml of solution . ,
£-" : ; = Pg/g sample
sample wt. in g ^/ ^ e
It should be noted that the detection limit in the sample varies inversely with
the original sample weight and differing sample"weights in the plants, by cal-
culation, give different detection limits. In addition, it should be recognized
that the accuracy and precision of analyses are decreased with high total
solids and that the error of measurement at levels just above the detection
limit is apt to be high.
19
-------
Salt-Acid Matrices
Na Ca Mg Acid
0.002 N H.SO. Soil' 200 yg/ml 200 yg/ml 5 yg/ml 0.002 N H.SO.
1.0 N HC1 Soil 500 yg/ml 1400 yg/ml 350 yg/ml 1.0 N HC1
Plants 800 yg/ml 100 yg/ml 75 yg/ml 0.6 N ;HC1
' . ' . ' . . *
The matrix for these.elements was determined by atomic Absorption measurements
1 . .
by scanning dilutions of the samples. The, matrix in the standards ^represents
an average range for each type of'sample.
20
-------
METHODS OUTLINE - MAIN SAMPLES
Element
0.002 N
II
1.0 N HC1
III
Plants
Arsenic Standard Method
Colorimetric SDDC;
B & L "Spectronic
20" 1
detection limit 0.02
yg/ml
Beryllium Standard AA
operating pro-
cedure; run
against salt-acid
matrix standards
with appropriate
background correc-
tions made using a
H2 continuum lamp;
N20-Acetylene Flame;
lOx scale expansion
2,3
detection limit
0.0025 yg/ml
Cadmium Standard AA
operating pro-
cedures; APDC-
MIBK extraction
of both samples and
matrix standards
employed to separ-
rate from matrix
and acid; air-
ace lylene flame;
0 scale expansion
2, 3, 4, 5
Appendix 1
detection limit
0.005 yg/ml
Same as I
0.02 yg/ml
Same as I
Same as I
0.02 yg/ml
Same as I
0.0025 yg/ml
Standard AA
Operating pro-
cedures; run
against salt-acid
matrix standards
with appropriate
background correc-
tions made using a
H2 continuum lamp;
air-acelylene flame;
IQx scale expansion.
0.005 yg/ml
0,0025 yg/ml
Same as II
0.0025 yg/ml
21
-------
Chromium
Fluoride
Lead
Manganese
Standard AA opera- Same as I
ting procedures;
run against salt- .
acid matrix stan-
dards .1 with appro-
priate background
corrections using a
H2 continuum lamp;
air-acetylene flame :
lOx scale expansion
2, 3, 4,!5
detection limit
0.01 yg/ml
Orion specific ion
electrode; Beckman
"Expandomatic" pH
meter;, salt-acid
matrix standards;
pH adjustment and
TISAB' buffer.
6, 7,8
detection limit 0.05
0.05 yg/ml
Same as I
0.01 yg/ml
Same as I
Standard AA opera-
ting , procedures;
APDC4MIBK extraction
of both samples and
matrix standards
employed to sepa-
rate i from the matrix
and acid; air acety-
lene* flame; 0 scale
"expansion 2, 3, 4, 5
Appendix 1
detection limit
-.0.05 yg/ml
Standard AA opera-
* ting* procedures; run
against salt-acid ma-
trix-standards with
appropriate background
corrections made using
H2 continuum lamp; lOx
scale expansion 2, 3,
.4, 5" ';
Detection limit
0.01 yg/ml
Standard AA opera-
ting procedures;
run against salt-
acid matrix stan-
dards with appro-
priate background
corrections made
using a H2 con-
tinuum lamp; lOx
scale expansion
0.1 yg/ml
Same as I
0 scale expansion
0.1 yg/ml
0.01 yg/ml
'Orion specific ion
.'Electrode; Beckman
"Expandomatic" pH
meter; salt-acid
matrix standards
not valid for
.samples;: standard
additions with pH
adjustment and TISAB
buffer attempted..
Presence^ of organic
material^would seem ,
to invalidate the .
data obfained.
6, 7, s ;..,/;:. '...'
Appendix 2
' " ' i, *
Same as -II
0.1.yg/ml
Same as I
0 scale expansion
0.1
-------
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Selenium
Flameless AA according
to modified Hatch and
Ott procedure. Dupli-
cate soil digestions;
0 scale expansion 9,
10, 11 ;
Appendix
detection limit
0.01 yg
Standard AA operating
procedure; APDC-MIBK
extraction of both
samples and matrix
standards employed
to separate from
matrix and acid;
air-acetylene
flame; 0 scale ex-
pansion 3
Appendix 1
detection limit
0.05 yg/ml
AA .t
to modified Match and ,,
Ott procedure. Dupli-
cate plant digestions
where adequate sample
was available; 0 scale
expansion 9, 10, 11
Appendix 3
0.01 yg
Standard AA operating Same as II
procedure; run.against
salt-acid matrix
standards with appro-
priate background
corrections using a
H2 continuum lamp;
N20-acelylene flame
lOx scale expansion
0.05 yg/ml
Standard operating Same as I
procedure; run against
salt-acid matrix -'.
standards with appro-
priate background
corrections using a
H2 continuum lamp;
air-acelylene flame;
lOx scale expansion
2, 3, 5
detection limit
0.01 yg/ml 0.01 yg/ml
0.05 yg/ml
Same.as I
Fluorometric pro-
cedure using DAN
as a chelating
agent following
ion-exchange
separation. 12
Appendix 4
detection limit
0.0025 yg/ml
Same as I
0.01 yg/ml
Same as I
0.005 yg/ml
0.005 yg/ml
23
-------
References
1. . .' . , Standard Methods for the Analysis-of Water
and Wastewater, p. 62, 13th Ed.., APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 1:971. .'...'
2- , Ibid, p. 210. ^
3. . - : > Techtron AA-5 Instrument Manual, Hydrogen
Continuum .Lamp Technical Bulletin,-Varian-Techtrpn.
4. ' '. . , FWPCA M ethods for Chemical Analyses of Water
and Wastes'i, pp. 87-123, November 1969, U.S. Dept..of Interior.
5. . , Trace Inorganics in Water, Advances in Chemistry
Series No.* 73, pp. 183-253. American Chemical Society, Washington, D:C.,
1968. " . . .. . ;".'v:- ' ' "' '.' .;" ;-. '.-,,'
6. - - . , Standard Methods for the,.Analysis&of Water and
Wastewater, p. 172, 13th Ed., APHA*AWWA-WPCF, 1971. : :
7. , "lonanalyzer Fluoride Electrode, Model 94-09",
Technical Bulletin, Orion Research Inc., Cambridge, Mass., 1967.
8. . , Orion Research Inc., Applications! Bulletin
No. 4, "Determination of F in Acid Solutions with P~ Activity Electrode"
9. Hatch, W.R., and W.L. Ott, "Determination of Sxib-Microgram Quantities of
Mercury by^ Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry", Anal. Chein?. 40, 2085,
1968. - . : .. . ;'. ....'.-.' .-'_.'.-
10. Armstrong,^ F.A.J., "Semi-Automated Determination of Mercuryj in Fish
Tissue", Fisheries Research Board of Canada Freshwater Instdtute,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 1971. :
.-'-' . . .- .' " ' J ";'
11. . ' : _ . ..." , Tentative Method for Mercury, Flameless AA '
Procedure, Provisional FWQA Method, Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept., 1970.,
'12. Allaway, W.H. and Earle E. Gary, "Determinations of Sub-Miorogram
Amounts of Selenium in Biological Materials", Anal. Chem. 3_6, 1359-1362, ';
1964. ' ' ' '.'. -.U' "" ' ""' "'- "'=' '''' ' ".-'"" '' '
24
-------
Appendix 1
Atomic Absorption
Standard atomic absorption procedures were employed for the analysis of
the majority of elements of interest. Operating conditions of the Techtron
AA5 were otpimized for maximum sensitivity for each element using aqueous
standards. Then the untreated sample digestions or extractions were aspirated
using a full set of freshly prepared salt-acid matrix standards for reference.
The accepted technique of bracketing the samples with standards was followed;
with average absorbance values for samples and standards plotted. The salt-
acid matrix standards help compensate for differing viscosity, surface tension,
and other background effects introduced by the high dissolved solids in the
extractions and digestions. Both matrix and acid blanks were measured for
possible contamination. All data was recorded on a Varian 10-inch linear
recorder.
In addition, background measurements were made for each element using the
hydrogen continuum lamp. This was a particularly useful procedure for elements
whose wavelength of maximum absorption is low, as absorption signals are often
due to non-atomic parameters in complex matrices. It was possible to correct
for such effects by measuring the background signals using the hydrogen continuum
lamp at the wavelength of interest. This signal correction is subtracted from
the absorbance value measured with the respective hollow cathode lamp. The
difference represents the absorbance due to the element present in solution.
Another procedure used to separate the element of interest from the matrix
was the extraction of the ammonium pyrollidine dithiccarbamate (APDC) complex
into an organic solvent, in this case methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK). This
procedure separates the element from the matrix, and results in increased sensitivity
25
-------
due to both concentration-and the signal.enhancement produced by the organic
solvent. The extraction procedure followed .was that described in the FWQA
4 ' : . >
manual with the exception that.25ml ,and 50ml -sample volumes .were used. The
MIBK-APDC extractionsi.were ^successful with- 0;:b02 N H-SO. .soil samples. Un-
reliable data were: obtained with1the ,1 N HC1 samples.and the results were
discarded; apparently!the presence of -some^organic material in solution produced
an interference in( the extraction .procedure. Trial\APDC-MIBK extractions on
the plant digestions gave unbreakable .solvent/sample emulsions and'this approach
was abandoned. Thje problem,was apparently, caused by significant aitiounts of
organic compounds 'remaining, in the plant digestions. The presence of these
or.ganics in the pl'ant' digestions was confirmed in the fluoride analysis work.
.26
-------
Appendix 2
Fluoride
The analysis for fluoride posed unanticipated problems in the plant
digestions. Widely divergent amounts of residual digestion acids and organic
compounds were present from sample to sample and within the duplicate digestions.
Upon neutralization, the odor of organic amines was quite evident. Unfortunately
duplicates of the plant digestions differed'completely in electrode response,
and it was impossible to correlate the samples to any set of approximate salt-
acid matrix standards. Further investigation showed that the interferences could
not be eliminated by evaporation to dryness.
It was thought that standard addition technique would be applicable to
the plant digestions. Aliquots of the sample Were adjusted for pH, total ionic
strength acid buffer (TISAB) was added and 0.5, 0.2sand 0.0 ppm fluoride standard
was added with appropriate volume adjustment. Millivolt readingsof these
solutions were taken with the specific ion electrode and plotted against con-
centration on semi-log paper. Anomalous data resulted, with the spiked samples
giving relatively consistent millivolt readings but with the zero additions
responses varying widely and inconsistently. An attempt was made to calculate
the data. After a comparison with the digestion blanks data was made, it was
concluded that the electrode response of the unspiked samples was not due to
fluoride ions. The limited sample volume precluded separation of any fluoride
from the sample by steam distillation procedures. For the above reasons, it
was thought that reporting any numerical data for fluoride on the plant
." ' ' I ' '
digestions would lead to erroneous conclusions. Perhaps an independent specific
plant digestion for fluoride would be a better approach for future work.
27
-------
References:
, Orion Research; Inc., ."Adde'dvKnow-how son iKhbwn, Addition" , Newsletter
2 (2), 1970.
, Orion Research: Inc.:, "Gran's Plots and'Other Schemes", 2'/? (11,
12) 1970. ; .
Baker, R.L., "Determination of'Fluoride^in:-Vegetation Using -the; Specific
Ion Electrode", Anal. Chem; 44, 1326--1327V 1972. V
Gyoerkoes, T., D.A. White, and1 R.L.. Luthy, "Determination of-F in Vegetation
with the F~ Selection Ion Electrode"'Journal of Metals", 22, 29A, 1970.
Banderborgh, N.E., Talanta, 15, 1009; 1968.
28
-------
Appendix 3
Mercury
Because of the high volatility of mercury and its compounds, separate
low temperature digestions of the plant and soil samples were executed in
duplicate. Following digestion, the samples were measured for mercury
9
using the flameless technique originally described by Hatch and Ott and
refined by subsequent authors. '
1. Procedure for Soil Samples and Plants
The procedure was essentially that outlined in J.R. Melton,
W.L. Hoover, and P.A. Howard, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 35, 850
(1971). Total recovery could not be expected unless a recycling
system were used. However, a single pass peak height process
appears to give satisfactory results (W.L. Hoover, J.R. Melton,
and P.A. Howard, J_. Assoc. Off. Anal Chem., S4, 860 (1971)).
Each sample and standard was swirled after addition of
reductant and stirred with a magnetic stir bar at maximum speed.
One minute elapsed between addition of reductant and aeration.
Total volume of standards and samples was approximately 80 ml in
a 125 ml erlenmeyer flask.
For the soil samples foaming was kept under control during
aeration by regulation of the air flow. Foaming was much worse
for the plant samples and it was necessary to allow each one to
overflow into a^trap.
Instruments and Settings - for all analyses:
Beckman AA, with Beckman DB-G Spectrophotometer
29
-------
Becknian Recorder, 10 inch linear-log
Flowmeter R-2-15-A, Carboloy ball
2. Digestion of Soils
Each sample was placed in an ice bath, 20 ml of 1:1 con-
centrated HNO,-H SOA. This was allowed to cool' and 10 nil of. a
*j ^ 4 , '' . . ' '".'''
saturated aqueous solution of K0SO were added. The samples
2 2 .8 .,.*'.
were allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. The
jT
standards were subjected to the same treatment except that they
were digested only 2-4 hours since the mercury was considered
to be in the mercuric form prior to digestion. . Spiked samples
gave recoveries.
3. Digestion of Plants
; i ' ' ' '.''' . ->.
The procedure is essentially that given in:. F.A.J, Armstrong,
"Semi-Automated Determination of Mercury in Fish Tissue", Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University
Crescent, Winnipeg 19, Manitoba, Canada. .
Samples and standards were placed in an ice bath and 5 ml of
1:4 concentrated HNO_:H2SO. was added. After cooling,"5 ml of 6%
1 ' .. ' ,. ' '' ' '' I
(wt/vpl) aqueous KMnO. was added slowly. The samples .fumed violently
at this point. After the reaction subsided, another 10 ml of 6%
KMmO ' was added. One set of samples was allowed to sit at room
temperature for four days; the corresponding standards^were treated
similarly, but were digested 3-8 hours. The second set of samples
and standards were all digested overnight. .
30
-------
Appen&ix 4
Selenium
The soil extractions and plant digestions were analyzed for selenium
using the procedure of P.P. Lott, et. al. as outlined below. This
sensitive method is reported to be useful in plant analysis and has been
used by this laboratory for determining trace selenium concentrations in
water samples.
1. With each set of samples run at least 0 (blank) 0.01, 0.05, 0.075
and 0.10 yg of Se as standards dissolved in appropriate matrices.
2. Place appropriate volume of sample in 50 ml erlenmeyer.
Note: If the sample is high in interfering cations (Fe etc.) a
batch ion exchange procedure is necessary. Wash the resin
(Dowex 50 W X 8 100-200 mesh H+form) with distilled water.
Adjust the original sample aliquot to pH2 (pH meter) and
add to a 50 ml cap erlenmeyer containing approx. 0.25 g of
the washed resin (this is about a small spatula-full).
Shake the sample on,a wrist action shaker for about 2 hrs.
Filter the sample through a funnel containing a coned-
filter paper into 50 ml beaker, and rinse the resin three
times with about 5 ml distilled H.O. Standards are treated
, exactly as the samples.
3. Make DAN so In. (0.05 g ,DAN/50 ml 0.1 N HCL)
4. Add 0.5 ml of NaF (0.1 N) and 0.5 ml of EDTA (0.1 N)
5. Add 5 ml DAN reagent
6. Adjust to pH2 with dilute base and let stand 2 hrs. (use pH meter)
7. Extract with 10 ml toluene by shaking for 30 seconds in 125 ml sep~
rotary funnel and letting the phases separate for 2 minutes.
31
-------
1
8. feemove aqueous, phase,and plug stem with a ,wad of filter
j-.
f
I
to
emove small8water droplets.from toluene.
9. Add toluene to cuvettes (wash .off with'ETOH),.set the.-zero on the
' 1 ' '' ' " ' V .'. ' 1
blank and take fluorescence: readings-on a Turner Model 11$
1' ' ' * ' ' ' '" " ' ' ' : V
Fluorometer. :;.
I ' ' - ' -.' ' '. -'' l|! ' "
10. SPlot standards vs. fluorescence and read .concentration of:samples
from curve.
I
I
Analytical Problems with Selenium
The reproducability for plant and HC1, soil samples; was not good:, The
' ' ' ' '' ' ' -
HC1 soil samples gave rise to a yellowish toluene solution and subsequent
high (off scale) fluoresence readings. This particular interference seemed
' ' . 2 ' '''' '
to be removed by substituting cyclohexane for toluene, as the extraction
solvent.
Poor reproducability for .the plant samples may have been duetto the
presence of organic compounds which interfere with the method. lit was
noticed'that several plant samples produced a precipitate when ttte DAN (2,3
diaminonaphthalene) was added. Precipitation is common when DANrIs placed
in'solution with organic compounds such as aldehydes. Standard addition
techniques were attempted on some samples, but proved to be inconclusive.
.. .. . . . . -''.. -\-- '.
In brief ,;the selenium data for the plants should be regarded as,-.questionable.
' ' ' '
Suggestions for Future Work on- Selenium;Analysis: : T ; ;
The fluorometric procedure using; DAN; as complex-ing, agent is~iundoubtedly
the preferred method' for low. selenium levels.. One.does have more of a
choice in regard to sample preparation. In addition to, nitric-perchloric acid
32
-------
digestions, oxygen-flask combustion techniques ' have led to good results.
The most recently developed method for low level analysis is that of Ewan.
33
-------
References
1. P.P. Lott et. al., Anal. Chem., Sj^ (9) , 1159(1963).
t ' ' ' - . '.-'-
2. Cukor, P.J., Wa'lzcyk, and P.P. Lott, Anal. Chem. Actg.,. 30, (1964) .
473-482.
3. Private communication from USDA-ARS Soil and Water Conservation
Research Division, Snake River Conservation Research Center, Route 1
Box 186, Kimberly, Idaho 83341. David L. Carter, Research Soil
Scientist, April 7, 1970.
4. Watkinson, J.H., Anal. Ghent. ,38 (1966) 92-97.
5. Allaway, W.H. and E.E. Gary., Anal. Chem., 36_ (1964) 1359-1362.
6. Johnson, H., Environmental Science and Technology, 4^ (1970) 850-853.
7. Ewan, R.C.^ CiA. Baumann, and A.L. Pope, Agr. and Food Chem.,,16 (1968)
212-215.
34
-------
APPENDIX 5
ANALYTICAL DATA
35
-------
Preliminary Studies
New;Mexico
Four"Corners
Element: Arsenic
Soils
. i ^Solution Soil/
Sample No.
NH.OAc
4
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0;002 N H SO .
£ n
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3 .
1-4
HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
f. ' '
Sample Concentration
i Location Gdde Wt. Pg/ral'
j
*
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
. SI
SC
SC
SC
."sc
'si
SI
SI
SI
SC
,sc
' >SC
ssc
SI
SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
SC
sc
SI
SI
SI
SI
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
0 5*g <0
10
o
10
0
10
0
10 \
'f ' ' . -^
.0.5
'..«
' '. :
;
0 10 X0.05
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 N
0
.06
0.06
: <0
-------
Element:
Sample No
NH^OAc
4
C-l*
C-2
C-3
C-4
I* I
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002N H.,
2
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Beryllium
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Soils
Solution Soil
Sample Concentration Concentration
Location Code wt. Pg/ml Pg/g pH
SC
SC
SC
SC
si
SI
SI
SI
sc
sc
sc
sc
SI
SI
SI
SI
so.
4
sc
sc
sc
sc
SI
SI
si
SI
sc
sc
sc
sc
SI
SI
SI
SI
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
U,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
0 5 g <0.02 <0.4 Q.40
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 V
' . . v
8. IS
' 83
8.03
8.30
8.3^
8.5?
/ ^ 8.80
0 10 g <0 02 <0.2
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
s
' s
/ V
r
0 10 g <0 02 <0.2
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 v
' . \
' s
/
0 1.0 g <0.02 <2.0
10 l.P g
0 0.5 g
10 0.5 g
0 1.0 g
10 1.0 g
0 0.5 g
10 0.5 g v
<2.0
<4.0
<4.0
<2.0
<2.0
<4.0:-
f <4.0
* All soil samples in this series are from the slopes.
37
-------
El eaten t : Cadrci
Sample No.
NH.OAc
c-i
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
' 1-3
, 1-4
1 N HC1 :
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H2S04
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HP
-e-i
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
; 1-3
1-4
V.TIS
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Comers
Sample
Location Code Wt.
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
,
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1:,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
.->:
SC Cl,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
> g
:' . y r
. ..;:'. 10 g '_ ..
" '*
' : .' 10 g '.;'"
4'
1.0 g
l.\0 g
0.5 g
0.5 g
1.0 g
1.0 g
0.5 g
0.5 g
*m
Solution Soi'l
Concentration Concentration
yg/ml yg/g l :
<0 . 01 <0 . 2
' ' V - .'
. ''' .:'.-'
, *
> 'f " \S
0.025 0.25
0.020 0.20
0.014 ' 0.14
<0,01 . <0.1
0.02 0.2
0.02 0.2
0.02 012
0.027 0.27 ,
' .
<0.01 <0.1
')'' ' ' '
..Nr- ; -' '"";/
-------
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Chromium
Soils
Sample No.
NH.OAc
4
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
G-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H.,SO,
2 4
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HP
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Sample
Location Code Wt. ;
sc (1,2) 0 5 g
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 V
SC (1,2) 0 10 g
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 4,
SC (1,2) 0 10 g
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
Si (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 \J,
SC (1,2) 0 .1.0 g
SC (1,2) 10 1.0 g
SC (1,2) 0 0.5 g
SC (1,2) 10 O.S.g
SI (1,2) 0 1.0 g
SI (.1,21 10 1.0 g
SI (1,2) 0 0.5 g
SI (1,2) 10 0.5 g
Solution
Concentration
yg/ml
<0.05
\J/
0.20
0.175
0.125
0.125
0.1
0.125
0.1
0.125
<0.05
4/
0.325
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.20
0.20
0.125
0.175
Soil
Concentration
yg/g
<1 0
V
2i.O
1.75
1.25
1.25
1.0
1.25
1.0
1.25
<0.5
\ /
32.5
25
40
30
20
20
25
35
39
-------
Element
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
: Cobalt Soils
Solution
Sample Concentration
Sample No. Location Code Wt. yg/ml
NH4OAc
c-i
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3.
1-4
0.002 N
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
. t- ' . . '" '
SC (1,2) 0 5 g <0.075
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI .(1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
'SI (1,2) 10 \
<0.075
<0.075
0.12
<0.075
<0.075
<0.075
('' <0.075
,SC (1,2) 0 10 g Oil
sc (1,2) 10 :
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI .(1*2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
:.'' . .' '. 0.19;
0.25
0.20
0.17
0.19
0.17
» 0.20
H2S04 . . . ...' ;
SC (1,2) 0 10 g <0 075
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 . >
' V
" . ' .,.
: . ' . .*''.-."
SC (1,2) 0 1.0 g 0.13.
SC (1,2) 10 1.0 g 0.17
SC (1,2) 0 0.5 g 0.12
SC (1,2) 10 0.5 g <0.075
SI (1,2) 0 1.0 g 0.1
SI (1/2) 10 lid g 0.18
SI (1,2) 0 6.5 g <0.075
SI (1,2) 10 6.5 g <0.075
Soil
Concentration
vg/g
<1 . 5
<1.5
<1.5
2.4
<1.5
<1.5
<1.5
XI. 5
1.0
.'.. 'i.,9- ." '. ' '
2.5
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.0
<0.75
V
- ' " I
13
17
24
<14.5
10
18 '
<14.5
<14.5
-------
Element: Fluoride
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Solution
Sample Concentration
Sample No. Location Code Wt. Vg/ml
NH OAc
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H_SO.
2 4
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Na CO fusion
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
0 5 g 0.076
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 s
0.13
0.182
0.25
0.08
0.96
0.062
t 0.088
0 10 g 12.8
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
16.5
14.0
16.15
9.4
10,5
8.2
/ 9.9
0 10 g 0.19
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 x
0.152
0.152
0.26
0.15
0.175
0.135
/ 0.18
0 0.25 g 1.0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 N
0.7
1.3
0.42
0.53
0.68
0.55
' 0.66
Soils
Soil
Concentration
ug/g
1.52
2.6
3.64
5.0
1.6
1.92
1.24
1.76
128
165
140
161.5
94
105
82
99
1.9
1.52
1.52
2.6
1.5
1.75
1.35
1.8
400
280
520
168
212
272
232
264
41
-------
Element:
Sample No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
IN HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H-
2
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1 .
1-2
1-3
. 1-4
,HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corn«srfe
Lt:ad ...... ; Se
Solution
Sample Concentration
Location Code Wt. yg/ml
SC (1,2) 0 5 g <0.1
SC (1,2) 10 0.14 .
SC :(1,2) 0 0.14 ;
SC (1,2) 10 0.26
SI (1,2) 0 . 0.12
'SI (1,2) 10 0.18
,SI (1,2) 0 0.14
!SI (1,2) 10 ^ <0.1
SC (1,2) 0 10 g 0.5
SC (1,2) 10 . . 0.29.
SC (1,2) 0 0.58
SC (1,2) 10 0,46
SI (l,-2) 0 0.32f
SI (1,2) 10 0.32
SI (1,2) 0 . . 0,50.
SI (1,2) 10 ^' 0.43
SO.
4
SC (1,2) 0 10 g <0.1
SC (1,2) 10 '.= ..
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0 .
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 ^ . v
SC (1,2) 0 1.0 g <0.1
SC (1,2) 10 1.0 g
SC (1,2) 0 0.5 g
SC (1,2) 10 0.5 g
SI (1,2) 0 1.0 g
SI (1,2) 10 1.0 g
SI (1,2) 0 0.5 g
SI (1,2) 10 ' ..Q'..5:-gi 4'
41a
Soil
Concentration
" wg/g
<2.0
2.8
2.8
0.2
2.4
3.2
2.8
<2.0
5.0
2,9
5.8
4.6
3.2
3.2
5.0
4.3
<1.0
1
, ' ' N<". ;..
-------
Element: Manganese
Sample No.
NH OAc
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H SO
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
.HP
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Solution
Sample Concentration
Location Code Wt. pg/ml
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
si
SI
SC
sc
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
sc
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
(1
(1
(1
1
1
1
2)
2)
2)
(1,2)
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
tl
(1
(1
1
1
1
1
i
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
,2)
1
1
1
2)
2)
2)
,2)
1
1
1
1
f
t
r
t
f
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
,2)
0 5 g 0.
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 N
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 10 g 6.
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 v
0.
7.
1.
9.
5.
9.
5.
0 10 g 0.
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 N
0.
<0.
<0.
0.
0.
<0.
,/ <0.
0 1.0 g 2.
10 1.0 g 1.
0 0.5 g 1.
10 0.5 g 0.
0 1.0 g 2.
10 1.0 g 2.
0 0.5 g 1.
10 0,5 g 1.
03
03
08
075
13
05
18
05
46
72
76
82
3
65
4
45
06
025
025
025
04
03
025
025
88
68
52
41
75
27
31
18
Soils
Soil
Concentrator ->
0.
0.
1.
1.
2.
1.
3.
1.
64.
7.
77.
18.
93.
56.
94.
54.
0.
-------
Preliminary
Studies
New Mexico
Pour Corners
Element:
Molybdenum
Soils
' "" Solution : Soil
r Sample Concentration Concentration '
Sample No.
Location
Code Wt.
pg/ml pg/g
NH4OAc ' . . . . \
1
0.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
N HC1
C-l
G-2
C-3
C-4 .
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
002 N H
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
SC
SC
SC
SC
SI
.SI
SI
SI
SC
SC
sc
SC
;si
SI
SI
is i
S°4
.SC
|sc
jsc
'sc
SI
JSI
M
SI
sc
SC
SC
SC
SI
SI
SI
SI
'(1
.(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
u
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
;(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
,
,
/
/
/
i
,
i
i
i
i
i
t
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
>
i
i
i
i
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
0 .5,
10 ;
0
10
0
10
0
10
/
0 10
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
N
/
0 10
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 v
/
0 l.P
10 1.0
0 0.5
IP 0.5
0 l.P
10 1.0
0 ' 0.5
10 0.5
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
. <0.5 <1
*.' '
i _
1 !
:, ^.-.'. . *
0
'
<0.5 . <5.
<0.5 <5
<0.5 ... <5
<0. 5 <5
. 0.69 6
<0.5 . <5
<0.5 <5
<0.5 <5
.'''' ' ''"'
<0.5 <5
''.
'' " ' ''"^-/ ' :''.:N
.
.
f
0,
o'.
0 ''
o
9
0
0
0
- ' ..
6 " . ;
!
1 -i'
''' i '' .< .
2.25 -,.-' '.- 225 '
1.3 : 130
2.25 450
1.3 260
1.0 100
1.9 190
.:'.' '. ':' , , <0.5r '..-''' .400''^''
" ' ' l.-62:. ' .'.'. - ' '324 ' ;;
44
-------
Element:
Sample No.
NH4OAc
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1 N HC1
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
0.002 N H2
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
HF
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Nickel
Solution
Sample Concentration
Location Code Wt. Pg/ml
SC (1,2) 0 5 g <0,.05
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 s
( \ X
SC (1,2) 0 10 g 0.28
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 ' N
0.24
0.24
0.18
0.14
0.26
0.18
,. 0.26
so4
SC (1,2) 0 10 g <0.05
SC (1,2) 10
SC (1,2) 0
SC (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10
SI (1,2) 0
SI (1,2) 10 x
s
SC (1,2) 0 1.0 g 0.24
SC (1,2) 10 1.0 g 0.24
SC (1,2) 0 0.5 g 0.16
, SC (1,2) 10 0.5 g 0.12
SI (1,2) 0 1.0 g 0.08
SI (1,2) 10 1.0 g <0.05
SI (1,2) 0 0.5 g <0.05
SI (1,3) 10 0.5 g <0.05
Soils
Soil
Concentration
yg/g
<1.0
"
2.8
2.4
2.4
1.8
1.4'
2.6
1.8
2.6
<0.5
N/
24
24
32
24
8
< 5
<10
<10
45
-------
Element: Arsenic
Sample No.
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Element: Beryllium
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
i .
i
Location
f
Stems
Stems
Lvs
\
.
f
Rts
\
p]
f
.ant
Plant
Rts
1
J/
3
Stems
Stems
Lvs
S
/
Rts
Plant
Plant
Rts
I
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
'.-... . i -
Sample
Wt.
Code 9
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
2,0
N
'"'!
fo
1.0 ;.
2.0
2
1
.0
0
'! ' . '
.
ivo
' :.'' -'". "
2.0
; ' \
/
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
i.o
2
t,
0
Solution
Concentration
Vig/ml
<0.05
\
:-':'
.. :'.
V' :
r
f '
0.09,
<0.05
1
oToe
<0.05
<0.05
0.09
<0.05
<0.02,
'- ,
'
Plants
Plant
Concentration
<2
\
<5
<5
.5 ...
/
o
.0 ':
<2.5
. <2
<5
'. '.''.' <5
<5
<5
9
-..-.. . <2
<1
. . ' '\
<2
<2
. '. .'- <1
<1
.; ' <2
<1
.5
0 i
.0
. 0
.0
.0 .
.0
.5', .-"
.0
. ,
t
.0
.0
.0
.0 ;: '
.0 ;
,0 ;
46
-------
Element: Cadmium
Sample No.
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
FI 4
FC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Element: Cobalt
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Location
Steins
Stems
L^
\
rs
j
Rts
\
P]
f
.ant
Plant
Rts
1
Stems
Stems
Lvs
\
/
Rts
\
PI
s
ant
Plant
Rts
|
1
Prelininary studies
New Mexico
Four Corftfers
Plants
Sample Solution Plant
Wt. Concentration Concentration
Code g Vg/ml ug/g
E
E
J
J
C
c
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
2.0 <0iO! <0.5
V
r o
1.0
2.0
2.0
IrO
2
*
'o
\
^'
<1.0
<1.0
<0.5
<0.5
<1.0
\
y ' o
f
.5
2.0 <0.075 <3.75
0.1 5.0
<0.075 <3.75
A
1.0 vl
\
/
<7 5
/ <7.5
2.0 0.1 5.0
2.0 <0.075 <3.75
1.0
2.0 >
<7.5
y
s
/ <3 75
47
-------
Element:
Chromium
Preliminary Studies;
New Mexico-
Four Corners.
. .. ,
' ' Pl'a'hts' ' '
Sample Solution Plant,
: Wt. Concentration Concentration
Sample No.
PC 1-
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Element: :
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI:10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
location
Stems
Stems'
Lvs
V
Rts ;
. '. .^ . '
Plant
Plant
Rts
1
4,
Fluoride* .
Stems
Stems
Lvs
Rts
' . .
\1/
Plant
Plant
Rts
1
1
Code g" . V{
3/ml vg/g' ;
E 2.0-' <0.05 ''.2.5....,
E-' .
J
J
C
C >
: -^ "-:-. -..
..'-' 1.0 "
E' 2.0 °-
E 2.0- °-
c ivo; °-
.C ; .
SDS.
SDSV
Gj;. .-.
r ^
J. 2-.
0.
1 ^
. '.' " o.
0.
v . - '' .0.
fa.'- ' o.
.' ** i
- . - .-!
' '" ' : " .'.*
075 3.75
05 2.5
05 <5.0
<5>0
<2.5
.- <2.s r
' <5:.0.'
; ' "'"'" ''" <5.0.-','
/ .:'."'.' <5.o
075 7.5
05 ' <5.0
05 <5.0
05' " <2.5 ;
62 81
9 45
2.0. 60
05 52.5
15 . 57.5
46 .23 '
24 24
08. 108 ..
52 26
22 11
46 46
57 57
^ . , ^^. ,
44 x, .44
54. , .54 :
60 60
28 ' 14 i
48
-------
Element:
Sample No
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Element:
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Manganese
Location
Stems
Stems
Lvs
\
f
Rts
\
/
Plant
Plant
Rts
1
Molybdenum
Steins
Stems
Lvs
V
f
Rts
v
Plant
Plant
Rts
1
\l
Preliminary Studies
New Mexico
Four Corners
Sample
Wt.
Code g
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
Q
G
J
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
2.0
N
f
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
".*
'
0
2.0
1
0
1.0
2.0
2.0
lf°
2^0
Solution
Concentration
yg/ml
1.0
1.04
6.475
0.36
1.23
1.03
0;8
1.22
0.43
0.41
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.78
0.55
0.57
0.51
<0.5
\
Plants
Plant
Concentration
jg/g
50
52
23.75
18
61.5
51.5
80
122
21.5
20.5
42
40
38
78
55
57
25.5
<25
\
/
<50
<50
<25
<25
<50
^
t
/ <25
49
-------
Element:
Nickel
Preliminary Studies
KeW Mexico
Four Corners
: - tiwt* ''
Sample Solution . Plant
Wt. Concentration Concentration
Sample No.
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Element:
PC 1
PI 2
PC 3
PI 4
PC 5
PI 6
PC 7
PI 8
PC 9
PI 10
PC 11
PI 12
PC 13
PI : 14
PC 15
PI 16
PC 17
Location
Stems
Stems
Lys-
i'
f
Rts ,
1 ,
i .
' N
ir . t
/
Plant
Plant
Rts
4
Lead (Pb)
Stems
Stems
Lvs
' ' ,.
. \
/
Rts r
\
f
Plant ,
Plant
Rts
I
4
Code g pg/ml U'g/g
E
E
J
J
C
c
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
E
E
J
J
C
C
G
G
E
E
C
C
SDS
SDS
G
G
J
2.0 <0.
ov
o
iTo
-------
Element: Arsenic
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Soil:
0.002 N H2S04 Extraction
Sample
No.
01
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration Soil
Sample yg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration yg/gram
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
0 g < 0,02 <0.
' \
<0.02
\
0.022 0.
02 <0.2
' v
02 0
/
.2
<0.02 <0.2
<0.02
<0.02
51
f
-------
Element: Beryllium
Soil: 0.002 N H2S04 Extrac'ticr
Solution :
Concentration Soil".-
Sample Sample jjg/ml Average Sol'n . Concentraticn
No. Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration ug/gram
C-l SC 1(1,2) 0 : 10
C-2 1(1,2) dO
C-3 1(1,2) 0
C-4 1(1,2) 10
C-5 1:(1,2) 0
C-6 1(1,2) 10
C-7 2(1,2) 0
C-8 2(1,2) ilO
C-9 2(1, .2) '0
C-10 2(1,2) 10
C-ll 3(1,2) 0
C-12 3(1,2) 10
C-13 . 3(1,2) '0
C-14 3(1,2) 10
C-15 3(1,2) D
C-16 3(1,2) 10
1-17 SI 1(1,2) 0
1-18 1(1,2) 10
1-19 1(1,2) 0
1-20 1(1,2) 10
t-
1-21 1(1,2) 0
1-22 1(1,2) 10
1-23 2(1,2) 0
1-24 2(1,2) 10
1-25 2(1,2) 0
1-26 2(1,2) 10
1-27 3(1,2) 0
1-28 3(1,2) 10
1-29 3(1,2) 0
1-30 3(1,2) 10
1-31 3(1,2) 0
1-32 3(1,2) 10 v
.0 g <0.
.
0025 <0
/
,
^ \
;0"625 <0.
.
'' ' _ ;.
/ \
0025 <0.
:. .:.:. : '
' Y
/ N
025
/
52
-------
Element: Cadmium
Soil:
0.002 N H2S04 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-l
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration Soil
Sample Vg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration vig/gram
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.0 g <0.005 APDC <0.005 <0.05
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10 >
s >
extraction
no
duplicate
run
'.'
S ^
' N
f
53
-------
Element: Chromium
Soil: 0.002 N H2SC>4 Extraction
Solution '
Concentration Soil .
Sample I Sample. yg/ml . Average .Sol1 n Concentration
No. Location Code Wt. (1) .; (2) Concentration yg/gram
C-l SC 1(1,2) 0 1C
C-2 1(1,2) 10
C-3 1(1,2) 0
C-4 ldi.2) 10
C-5 1(1,2) 0
C-6 1(1,2) 10
C-7 2(1,2) 0 ;,
0-8 2(1,2) 10
C-9 2(1,2) 0
C-10 2(1,2) 10
C-ll 3(1,2) 0
C-12 3(1,2) 10
C-13 3(1,2) 0,
C-14 3(1,2) 10
C-15 3(1,2) 0
C-16 3(1,2) 10
1-17 SI 1(1,2) 0
1-18 1(1,2) 10
1-19 1(1,2) .0
1-20 1(1,2) 10
1-21 1(1,2) 0
1-22 1(1,2) 10
1-23 2(1,2) 0
1-24 2(1,2) 10
1-25 2(1,2) 0
1-26 2(1,2) 10
1-27 3'(1,2) 0
1-28 3(1,2) 10
1-29 3(1,2) 0'
1-30 3(1,2) 10
*
1-31 3(1,2) 0
1-32 3(1,2) 10 N
g 0.011 <0.
<0.
0
<0.
>
o.
<0.
' . \
01
0.
<0.
'oie
01
' ' \
015 0.
01 <0.
i
, '
f
f >
01 0.01 0.10
<0.01 <0.10
011 b.'oi o.io
01 <0
'. . ' ' . V
o
<0
f >
Oil 0
01 ; <0
*' ' \
.Ol.t <0
1
018 0
.01 <0
t ' '" V
.013 . 0
.01 <0
/ \
.1
'18.
.1
f
13 ,
.1
''
...''
(1
I* ;
-------
Element: Fluoride
Soil: 0.002 N
Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Location
SC 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2d
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
SI 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
Solution
Concentration
Sample yg/ml
Code Wt. (1) (2)
0 10.0 g 0.06
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
o
10
0
10 N
0
0
42
.26
0.36
0
0
0
0
<0
0
0
0
<0
0
.73
.73
.06
.07
.05
.24
.05
.05
.05
.29
0.11
0.05
0
<0
0
<0
\
0
.07
.05
.06
.05
,
.11
0.06
0.19
<0
/
-------
Element: Lead
Soil:
0.002-N H2S04 Extraction
Sample
.No.
C-l
C-2
. C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration Soil ,.
Sample yg/ml Average Sol1 n Concentration
Location Code 'Wt. (1) ,,(2) Concentration . ug/gram
SC 1(1,2) 0 lO.O.-g <0.05 APDC <0.05 <0.5
1(1,2) 10
Kl,2)'0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2)^0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2)'0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2)<0
3 (1,2), 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1, 2)' 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2)'0(
. . 1
Kl,2)rO
l(l,2riO
2(1,2)^0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1; 2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2). 0
3(1, 2)' 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
t .
extraction
' . .' '-no:' '.; . - -.''
-duplicates
f ,' ^
j. : .
'. ' .
f'-' ' \
' '
f
-------
Element: Manganese
Soil:
0.002 N H2S04 Extraction
Sample
No.
01
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample yg/ml
Location Code Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1(1,2) 0 10 g <0.01
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10 >
>K . '
0.013
<0.01
0.013
0.013
<0.01
0.023
0.015
<0.01
<0.01
0.031
0.046
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.063
0.020
0.040
0.010
0.01
0.012
0.028
0.033
0.018
0.014
<0.01
<0.01
0.038
, 0.022
<0 01
>U
0.022
0.065
0.042
<0.01
0.023
0.033
0.052
<0.01
0.033
0.046
0.027
<0.01
0.022
<0.01
0.062
0.017
0.019
0.025
0.016
0.014
0.043
0.024
0.016
0.014
0.022
0.032
0.055
0.037
Average Sol'n
Concentration
<0.01
xl/
0.018
0.065
0.028
0.013
0.023
0.028
0.034
<0.01
0.033
0.039
0.037
<0.01
0.021
<0.01
0.063
0.019
0.030
0.018
0.013
0.013
0.036
0.029
0.017
0.014
0.022
0.032
0.047
0.030
Soil
Concentration
yg/gram
<0.1
NK
0.18
0.65
0.28
0.13
0.23
0.28
0.34
<0.1
0.33
0.39
0.37
<0.1
0.21
<0.1
0.63
0.19
0.30
0.18
0.13
0.13
0.36
0.29
0.17
0.14
0.22
OV32
0.47
0.30
57
-------
Element: Molybdenum
Soil: 0.002 N HLSO. Extraction
2 4
. *...-.. . ... , _,-,.. . ,
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
0-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Location
SC 1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1, -2)
2(1,2)
2(1, -2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1>2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
SI 1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,'2)
2(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
Solution
Concentration7 Soil
Sample yg/ml Average Sol' n Concentration
Code Wty (1) (2) Concentration yg/gratri
0 . 10.0 g <0.05 APDC <0.05 , .' . <0.5
10
0
10 ,
0 '
10 .
0
I'O
0
10
o
10
0
10
b
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
6
10
0
10
0
10
b
10
b
10 v
' v^_
f *^
extraction
no
duplicates
''.'..'.'
. "
. ' . .,
,. . - ..
.'.-';./
f \
/
58
-------
Element: Nickel
Soil: 0.002 N H2S04 Extraction
Solution
Concentration Soil
Sample Sample Vg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
No. Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration yg/gram
C-l SC 1(1,2) 0 1C
C-2 1(1,2) 10
C-3 1(1,2) 0
C-4 1(1,2) 10
C-5 1(1,2) 0
C-6 1(1,2) 10
C-7 2(1,2) 0
C-8 2(1,2) 10
C-9 2(1,2) 0
C-10 2(1,2) 10
C-ll 3(1,2) 0
C-12 3(1,2) 10
C-13 3(1,2) 0
C-14 3(1,2) 10
C-15 3(1,2) 0
C-16 3(1,2) 10
1-17 SI 1(1,2) 0
1-18 1(1,2) 10
1-19 1(1,2) 0
1-20 1(1,2) 10
1-21 1(1,2) 0
1-22 1(1,2) 10
1-23 2(1,2) 0
1-24 2(1,2) 10
1-25 2(1,2) 0
1-26 2(1,2) 10
1-27 3(1,2) 0
1-28 3(1,2) 10
1-29 3(1,2) 0
1-30 3(1,2) 10
1-31 3(1,2) 0
1-32 3(1,2) 10 s
g <0.
0.
.01 <0.
0.
014 <0.
<0.01
f \
'
/ . . \
01 <0.
X
01 <0
02 0.02 0
.10
.12
01 0.01 0*10
<0.
.
f \.
01 <0
' \
.10
,
59
-------
Element: Selenium
Soil: 0.002 N H2S04 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
3>20
1-21
.1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
.I-.26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample vg/ml
Location Code Wt. (1) -(2)
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.0. g . 0;0029
1(1,2) ,10
1(1,2) 0.
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0.
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1, 2). 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI- 1(1, 2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
% '
1(1, 2): 10
i
,1(1,2) 0
1(1,2)10
2(1,;2) 0
2(1,,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(l;2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
0.0029
,0.0036 ;;
.<0&(X>25.
. >
0.
1 '
'
<0.0025
f ' ' . ' '
0040
0.0031
0.0106
0.
<0.0025
0033
0.0066
-0.0132 <0.0025
0.0060
;0.0052
.<0,;0025
.0.0029
.0.0141
.0.0102
^0.0093
<0.0025
, .<0.0025
Average Sol'n
Concentration
0.0029
I
0.0029
0.0036
<0,0025
... ^ . .,
<~L-^' '
' j- !
\J/
0.0040
0.0031
0.0106
<0.0025
v
0.0033
0.0066 .
0,,0132
0.0060
0.0052
<0.0025
0.0029
0.0141
,0.0102.
' .0.0093 /
<0.0025
<0.0025,
Soil- >*::
'.. Concentration.
Wg/gram .
0.029
0.029
,0.036
-. ./:.-. ; i
' ' -J/, ' .« *':
0.040
0.031
0.106
<0.025
.>.
'' r.
. N/
0.033
Oi.066
0.132
,' ''!, :i ;
0.060,,
0.052
<0.025
0;029 ;i
0..141
0.102
; 0.09)3
(ic0.625
, > i ,
<0.025
/ ,60;
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Arsenic
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-l 3
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Location Code Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.0 g <0.02
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2)10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
vl/
0.023
<0.02
0.044 0.022
0.022
0.024
0.04
0.02
0.029 0.043
<0.02
0.031 0.02
0.028
0.028
0.022
0.021
<0.02
<0.02
0.029
0.037 0.027
<0.02
0.023
, 0.02
Coneentr-atioav
<0.02
^/
0.023
<0.02
0.033
0.022
0.024
0.04
0.02
0.036
<0.02
0.026
0.028
0.028
0.022
0.021
<0.02
<0.02
0.029
0.032
<0.020
0.023
0.020
Soil
<0.2
^
0.23
<0.20
0.33
0.22
0.24
0.40
0.20
0.36
<0.20
6.26
0.28
0.28
0.22
0.21
<0.20
<0.20
0.29
0.32
<0.20
0.23
0.20
61
-------
Element: Beryllium
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample ug/ml
Location Code Wt. (1) «(2)
SC 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
SI 1(1
1(1
1(1
Kl
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
0 10
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
o
10
0
io
0
io
0
10 V
.0 g 0.
o.
0.
0-
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p..
0.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
/ 0.
008
004
007
007
007
006
012
004
017
oil
006
018
014
018
018
019
01
Oil
006
004
007
007
007
007
004
003
004
008
007
007
005
005
0.007
0.004
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
o,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
004
007
004
006
014
003 .
016
014
007
016
Oil
017
017
018
006
007
007
006
008
007
007
008
004
008
004
007
007
006
005
005
Soil . ,...
Average Sol'n Concentration
Concentration ug/grain
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
.008
. 004
'.006
.007
'.006
.006
.013
.004 :
.017
.013
.007
.017
.013
.018
.018
.019
.008
.009
.007
.005
.008
.007
.007
.008
.004
.006
.004
.008
.007
.007
.006
.005
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
'.:... o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. t
0
0
0
0
p
o
0
b
0
0
0
0
0
0
.08
.04
.06
.07
.06
.06
.13
.04
.17,
.013
.07
.17
.13
.18
.18
.19
.08 ' '
.09
.07
.05
.08
.07'
.07
.08
.04
.06
.04
.08
9.7'i
-07:
.05
.05
62
-------
Element: Cadmium
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24.
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample yg/ml
Location Code Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.0 g <0.005
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
\ >
0.006
<0.005
<0.005
1
0.007
0.017
<0.005
<0.005
: 1
0.007
<0.005
I
0.007
0.010
<0.005
0.008
<0.005
0.005
V
0.007
<0.005
\ *
0.008
<0.005
\l'
0.005
0.005
0.009
<0.005
1
0.01
0.009
0.006
<0,005
\K
0.005
<0.005
1
0.011
0.009
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
. /
oToos
<0.005
I
0.005
0.007
Average Sol ' n
Concentration
<0.005
V
0.005
i
1
<0.005
i
0.009
0.013
0.005
<0.005
1
0.006
<0.005
!
0.009
0.010
<0.005
0.006
<0.005
v
0.008
<0.005
\/
0.008
Soil
Concentration
yg/gram
<0.05
i
i
I
i
!
. vl''
0.05
!
i
<0.05
!
j.
0.09
0.13
0.05
<0.05
i
0.06
<0.05
1
0.09
0.10
<0.50
0.60
<0.05
vl'
0.08
<0.05
0.08
63
-------
Element: Chromium
Soil: 1.0 N ,HC1 Extraction;
Sample
No. Location
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
'*
SC 1(1
Id
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
SI 1(1
1(1
it'1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
1 '
3(1
t
3(1
,
,
/
,
,
»
i
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
/
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
i
,
i
i
i
i
i
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2>
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
Sample
Code Wt.
0 10 g 0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
,o.
.10 "'....
o
10
0
10
0
10
o
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
6
10
0
10
\
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
-0
0
«0
,0
0
0
0
0
0
Solution
Concentration
ug/ml
(1) ' :(2)
.177
.040
.043
.029
. 034
.034
.037
.033
.288
.086
.053
.070
.123
..067
.052
.049
.163
.119
.107
.057
.123
.060 '
.067
.057
.441
,:032
.067
.086
.046
.053
.049
.067
data confirmed - large differences
homogeneity of soil sample.
OvO'26
0.046
0.029
O.:046
0.037
0.027
' 0.040
0..039
0.052
,0.096
0.046
; 0.072
0.052
0.053
0.070
0.043
0.086
0.137
0.176
0.148
0.062
0.067
0.070
0.067
0.081
iO.019
0.085
0.081
0.046
0.074
0.074
0.060
between
64
Average Spl'n
Concentration
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
q
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
,0
0
0
-0
0
6
0
0
0
0
.102
.043
.036
.038
.03
°3'
.039
.031 -
.170
.091 ;
.050
.071
.088
.060
.061
.046
.125
.128
.116
.102
.093
.06
.069
.062
.!261
..026
.'076
.084
.046
.064
.062
.064
duplicates may be
soil" .'
Concentration
yg/gram. / i
:.'.i
0
0
0
0
0
0
"...', 6
1
. 0
0
0
0
0
o
0
1
1
1
1
o
0
0
0
2
b
: 0
0
0
0
0
0
,02*'
.43
.36, .
, 38
.3-t '
.3"'
. 39 ''
.31'.
;70*
.91
.50
.71 : .
88*' '
.60, ;
.61' "
.46
'2?,
.28.!,.
.16-,
:02*
.93*
.6 '. I
i ; i . i
.69 .
.62
^61*
^26,
.76 ,
.83
.46..
i'64. c
.62 '
.64
due to non-
-------
Element: Fluoride
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Location
SC 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
SI 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
.2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
Solution
Concentration
Sample ug/ml
Code Wt. (1) (2)
0 10.0 g 0.
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 N
o.
0.
0.
22
44
36
47
0.47
0.
0.
0.
<0.
0.
0.
<0.
N
0.
0.
0.
1.
76
06
15
05
28
19
05
t
10
07
80
34
0.35
0.
0.
0.
36
37
39
0.11
0.
0.
<0.
0.
19
22
05
44
1*27
0.12
0.
0.
0.
31
60
80
0
0
0.
25
43
36
0.49
0.47
0
.79
<0.05
0
<0
0
0
<0
\
0
0
.14
.05
.28
18
.05
/
10
.06
0.93
1
27
0.33
0
.35
0.35
0
.39
0.12
0
0
<0.
.18
.23
05
0.44
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
18
12
31
68
75
Average Sol'n
Concentration
0.24
0
44
0.36
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
<0
0.
0.
<0.
\
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
48
47
78
06
15
05
28
19
05
/
10
07
87
31
34
36
36
0.39
0.
0.
0.
<0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12
19
23
05
44
23
12
31
64
78
Soil
Concentration
ug/gram
2
.4
4.4
3.6
4
4
7
.8
.7
.8
0.6
1
<0
2
1
<0
\
1
.5
.5
.8
.9
.5
f
.0
0.7
8
13
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
-------
Element: Lead
Soil: '1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample ug/ml>;
LocationCd.de Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
. 1 (1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
SI 1 (1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
1(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
2(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
3(1
'?>
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
'2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
,2)
.2)
,2)
0 10.0, g <0.
10 ,.
o
10
0
10
0
10
v
0
10
0 '
lo
o
10
o
10
O;
10
0
10
°'
10
o
10
0
10
0
10
°':'
10
o,.
10 >
0.
0.
°-
0.
o.
0.
0.
<0.
0.
°-
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o-
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
<0.
0.
0.
o^
0.
0.
, 0.
1
13,
16
21
20
20
18
15
I'--/'
39
28
26
14
15
23
31
20
16
27
1°
21
27
32
12
12
1
26
23
15.
26
34 ;
32
0;
o.
0.
0.
o;
0.
o.
0.
-------
Element: Manganese
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Sample
No.
C-.l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23 -
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration
Sample ug/ml
Location Code Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1(1,
1(1,
1 (1
Id,
1(1,
Id,
2(1,
2(1,
2(1,
2(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
SI 1(1,
Id,
1(1,
1(1,
Id,
Kl,
2(1,
2(1,
2(1,
2(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
3(1,
2)
2)
,2)
2}
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
0 10.0 g 9
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
10
,74
.00
9.60
10
7
7
19
12
15
12
12
11
13
13
13
13
20
20
13
12
11
11
12
11
10
2
12
18
11
11
14
s 14
.02
.91
.27
.58
.60
.58
.60
.03
.17
.12
.50
.62
.75
.11
.05
.62
.60
.50
.42
.32
.50
.00
.96
.60
.40
.30
.68
.15
.40
9.
10.
9.
10.
7,
8.
18.
12.
14.
11.
11.
11.
13.
13.
13.
13.
21.
20.
13.
12.
11.
14.
11.
11.
9.
3.
12.
18.
14.
11.
14.
11.
64
12
85
28
75
20
65
33
53
67
30
05
12
90
50
34
63
05
60
32
04
17
68
04
74
18
55
05
17
54
27
63
Soil
Average Sol'n Concentratio
Concentration vg/grair.
9
10
9
10
7
7
19
12
15
12
11
11
13
13
.69
.06
.73
.15
.83
.74
.12
.47
.06
.14
.67
.11
.12
.70
13.56
13
20
20
13
12
11
12
12
11
9
3
12
18
12
11
14
13
.55
.87
.05
.61
.46
.27
.80
.0
.27
.87
.07
.58
.23
.74
.61
.21
.02
96
100
97
101
78
77
191
124
150
121
116
111
131
137
135
135
208
200
136
124
112
128
120
112
98
30
125
182
127
116
142
130
.9
.6
.3
.5
.3
.4
.2
.7
.5
.4
.7
.1
.2
.0
.6
.5
.7
.5
.1
.6
.7
.0
.0
.7
.7
.7
.8
.3
.4
.1
.1
.2
67
-------
Element: Mercury
Soil: Persulfate - Acid Digestion-.
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5 .
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Concentration
Sample ug/granv,
Location Code Wt. (1) (2)
SC 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
(1
(1
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
3(1
3
(i
3(1
3
3
3
SI 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
(i
3(1
3
3
3
,
1
1
1
f
t
t
1
1
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
f
1
I
1
1
1
1
t
1
t
1
1
t
(1
(1
1
1
2).
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
0 * 1.0 g. 0.
10
0
10
0
10
o>
10 -
0-
10
0
10
o.
10
0
10
0
10
0.
10
0
10
0 ,
10
0 .
10
0
10
p
10
0
10
o;.
01
01-
O-.Ol,
0.03
0.
o .
01
01
<0v01
0>.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
o.
o.
0.
0.
.
, . : _.- -o-.
' . .- . ' . .'.' '.. °-
0.
''-'... '" ' ''..p.
o.
.- ..--. .. -o.
0.
01
01
02
01
01
oi
02
01
02
02
01
06
02
0.04
0.
0.
o.
<0.
<0.
. '0.
. . ; o.
. ; '' ' , ' . .' '. o..
-------
Element: Molybdenum
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Solution
Concentration Soil
Sample Sample yg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
No. Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration ug/gram
C-l SC 1(1,2) 0 10
C-2 1(1,2) 10
C-3 1(1,2) 0
C-4 1(1,2) 10
C-5 1(1,2) 0
C-6 1(1,2) 10
C-7 2(1,2) 0
C-8 2(1,2) 10
C-9 2(1,2) 0
C-10 2(1,2) 10
C-ll 3(1,2) 0
C-12 3(1,2) 10
C-13 3(1,2) 0
C-14 3(1,2) 10
C-15 3(1,2) 0
C-16 3(1,2) 10
1-17 SI 1(1,2) 0
1-18 1(1,2) 10
1-19 1(1,2) 0
1-20 1(1,2) 10
1-21 1(1,2) 0
1-22 1(1,2) 10
1-23 2(1,2) 0
1-24 2(1,2) 10
1-25 2(1,2) 0
1-26 2(1,2) 10
1-27 3(1,2) 0
1-28 3(1,2) 10
1-29 3(1,2M>
1-30 3(1,2) 10
1-31 3(1,2) 0
1-32 3(1,2) 10 v,
.0 g <0
f \
.05 <0.
/ N
.05 <0
/ \
05 <0.5
' N
/
69
-------
Element: Nickel
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Extraction
Solution
Concentration
Sample Sample Pg/ml
No. Location Code Wt. (1) .,(2)
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
0-9
C-10
C-.ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
* '
SC 1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
l.(l,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
SI 1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
1(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2)
2(1,2')
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
3(1,2)
0 10
10
o ''
10
0
10
0 '
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
o'
10
0
.10
,0
.10
P
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10 ,
0 g 0.123
0.038
0.085
0.110
0..085
0.086
0.235
0.074
0.358
0.175
0.118
0.150
0.125
0.162
0.187
0.175
0.175
0.122
0.104
0.073
0.153
0.097
0.080
0.068
6.238
0.075
0.072
0.143
0.073
0.097
0. 125
0.123
data confirmed - large differences
0.'049
O.<058
0.072
.0.112 , :'
0.073
0.086
0.220
0.070
0.252
0.164
0.105
0.148
0.097
0.136
0.173
0.167
0^113
0.125
0;112
0.132
0.110
0.111
0.059
0.058
0.085
0.070
Ov073
0.137
0.092
0.092
0.124
0.111
between dupl
Soil
Average Sol'n Concentration
Concentration yg/gram
0.086
0.048
0.079
0:111
Oil 079
0.086,
0.228
0.072
0.305
0.170
0.112
0.149
O.lll
0.149
0.180
0.171
0.144
0.124
0.108
0.103
0.135
0.104
0.070
0.063
0.162
0.073
0.'073
0.140
0.083
0.095
0.125
0.117
icates may
0.86*
0.48
0.79
1.11
0.79
0.86
2.28
; 0.72
. :3.50
. 1.70 ,
... . 1.12
1.49
1.11 .
1.49
1.80
1.71
1.44
1,24
1.08
1.03
.1.35
1.04
0.70
0.63
1.62*
0.73
0.73
1.40
0.83
Q.95
1.2.5
1.17
be djue to non-
homogeneity of soil sample.
70
-------
Element: Selenium
Soil: 1.0 N HC1 Soil Extraction
Sample
No.
C-l
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-ll
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
C-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32
Solution
Concentration Soil
Sample ug/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Location Code Wt. (1) (2) Concentration ug/gram
SC 1(1,2) 0 10.0 g <0.005 <0.005 <0.05
1(1,2) 10 x
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
SI 1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
1(1,2) 0
1(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
2(1,2) 0
2(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10
3(1,2) 0
3(1,2) 10 N
' s
i*
' \
N
/
71
-------
Main-Samples
.%New^Mexico
': Four Corners
Element: Arsenic
Plants
Sample
No.
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
4
5
6
65
63
64
7
8
10
67
66
68
1
2
3
44
62
43
20
22
21
71
70
69
16
17
72
18
54
19
47
14
.15
52
51
53
Location
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3.
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
,Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
.Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
,Lvs
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Bk
.Bk
Bk
Bk V
Bk
Bk
Code
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
G
G
L
L
L ,
L
L
L
W
W
S
S
M
M
Gs
Gs
A
A
A
A
A
A
^Sample ,i Solution
r)Wt. .-'Concentration ,
.g nug/ml '-Average Sol* n
(1) (2) '11) (2) Concentration
2.0
. >
"
.1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.6
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
,1.0
,2.0 N<0.*)2 :<0.02
1;0. '03 *<0;102 0.03
- ,0.025 :;<0.:02 ,0.025
. - <<0i!.02 '' :.- v<0: 02
2iO
i
2.0
-. V
. ' ;.
' . . . . '--
. ' . ^
/ ~
._
.
.0.072 0.072
<0.02 <0.02
J'
1.0
1.0
_
.>
<0.02
<0.02
.. :
i ' .<_ . - : . ' >
' -
,<0.02 -t <0.02 !. <0.02
1.0 <0i02 <0.,02
-
_-_ -,,»_ ' .
;2.'o ;
<0.02
<0.02
'_'.''..- <0l02
Plant
Concentration
ug/g
561.0'
1.5
1.25
<1.0
'
3.6
<1.0
\
/
-<2.0
1;
<1.0
: .
<1.0
<2.0
3;.5
8.0
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element:
Arsenic
Plant
Sample
No. Location
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PC
PI
11
13
12
49
50
48
27
30
29
26
25
24
34
35
36
33
32
31
42
37
38
40
39
41
57
58
59
60
61
4 (2)
46
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lvs
Lvs
Sample Solution
Wt. Concentration Plant
g yg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Code (1) (2) (1) (2) Concentration yg/g
G 2.0
G
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A >
f
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C
G
G
G
G >
f
G 1.0
G 2.0
Gy 1.0
Gn
O
Gn
0
,
Ast. 2.0
Ast. 1.0
2.0 <0.02 <0.02 <1.0
, .
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.0
>
t
1.0
2.0
1.0 *
>
f . ' '
\
/
<2.0
' -J,
<1.0
<4.0
<1.0
s
<2 0
<1.0
<2.0
0.022 <0.02 0.022 2.2
0.034 0.03 0.032 3.2
<0,02 <0.02 <2.0
, 0.034 0.034 3.4
2.0 <0.02 <0.02 <1.0
1.0 <0.02 <0-02 <2-°
Reagent :'.'..
Blank
.
9
28
45
55
73
',
X0.02
\
f
73
-------
Main. Samples
New Mexipo
Four Corners
Elencnt: Beryllium
Plants
Sample
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70
PI 69
PC 16
PI
PC 17
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52
PI 51
PI 53
Location
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
1
2
3
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
LVS
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs.
Lvs
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
nl»
BK
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
-Code
:A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
G
G
L
L
L
L
L
L
W
W
S
S
M
M
Gs
Gs
A*
A
A
A
-A
A
Sample Splution
Wt. Concentration ;
g yg/ml Average" Sol'h
(1) (2) .(!).' (2) Concentration
2.0
.,
>
2.0 <0.0025 <0,
1 <0.;0025 0.
1 <0.0025 <0.
- ' . .
2.0
i ;:
2.0
1 -. \
<0.
<0.
/'
0025 <0.0025
004 0.004
Pp25 <0.0025
r-rtr
0025
_ . '
0025
'i
\
;>';
>
. {,
f '..'
01003 0.003 0.003
'
.1-io
1.6
,1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.6
_ 0.016
Plant
Concentration
wg/g
<0.125
0.20
<0.125
\
i
/ ': :
0 15
<0.125
\
V'v '
i ,
'-; .t
f
<0.250
<0.250
<0.250
<0.l25
.. .;" M.
<0.125
<0.250
0.80
1.0 0.021 0.021 0.021 2.1
'___ <0.0025
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Beryllium
Plant
Sample
No. Location
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PC
PI
11
13
12
49
50
48
27
30
29
26
25
24
34
35
36
33
32
31
42
37
38
40
39
41
57
58
59
60
61
4 (2)
46
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lvs
Lvs
Sample Solution
Wt. Concentration Plant
g pg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Code (1) (2) (1) (2) Concentration pg/g
G 2.0
G
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A >
f
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C
G
G
G
G \
f
G 1.0
G 2.0
Gy 1.0
Gn
0
Gn
0 >
f
Ast. 2.0
Ast. 1.0
2.0 <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.125
.
N
t
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.0
>
t
1.0
2.0
/ \
i \
\
/
<0.250
<0.125
<0.50
<0.125
\
/
<0.250
<0.125
1.0 0V005 <0V0025 0Y005 0.50
^
<0.0025 <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.250
f V
\L J/ \1/
07004 0;004 OT4
*
2.0 0^004 0.0025 0.003 0.15
1*0 <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.250
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
55
73
<0.0025
. ^
/
75
-------
Main Samples;
New Mexico..
Four Corners
Element: Cadmium
Plants
Sample
NO;
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
' PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC i.,.
PC 2
PC 3 ,
PI 44.
PI 62
PI 43 ;
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71 = ..'
PI 70-.
PI 69r
PC 16
TIT i
PI 1
PC 17 ,
PI 72,>'
PC is; "
*'-,£ C
PC 19
PI 47
Ti/"*
PC
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52.
PI 51 :
PI 53
Location Code; '
1 Lvs A 2,
2 Lvs A
3 Lvs A
1 Lvs A
2 .Lvs A
3 Lvs A
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Pit L
2 Pit L
3 Pit L ?
1 Pit L 1.
2 Fit L 1.
3 Pit L- 1;
3 Lvs W 2.
3 Lvs S 2.
,-. 3 Lvs S 1.
, 3: Pit M 2.
, 3 Pit M 1.
2 Lvs Gs 2*'.
2 Lvs Gs 1.
2 Bk A 2.
3 Bk A 2.
1 Bk A 1.
2 Bk A 1.
3 Bk A 1.
Sample
Wt.
g
(1) (2)
0 2.0
1
I
2.0
i
2.0
-!
\
' 1 "
0 1.0
0' 1 0
P!^°
'» ff- -
i .
o,.
^;1-°
0 ,
.0 ;.1;0
6' ''---
0 1.0
0 2.0
XU-~ -
0 1.0
0 . 1. 0
0 1.0
Solution
Concentration
Pg/ml
(1) (2)
<0.0025 <0.0025
0.005 0.0037
<0.0025 <0.0025
0.0031
0.0043 0.0053
0.0132 0.0115
xQ.0025 <0.0025
0.003 ---
XQ.0025 <0.0025
0.0027 <0.0025
0.0051 0.0083
0.004 0.0166
0.0027 <0. 0025
<0.0025 0.0025
0.007 :<0. 0025
-:;-
0.0025 0.010
- '' '
i ' ' * ^ j i
<0.0025, XOJOd^S1
0.0082 -
0;007 0.007J
. 0.0095, 0.0072
0.0187 0.0206
Average Sol'n
Concentration
<0.0025
0.0043
<0.0025
0.003 :.-.:
0.005
0.0123
<0.0025
0.003
<0.0025
0.0027
0.0067
0.0086
6.0027
0.0025 .
0.007
<0.0025
0.009 V.
<0.0025
<0.0025
0.008
0.009
0.0098
0.0048
.
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Cadmium
Plant
Sample
No. Location
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4 (2)
PI 46
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
55
73
1 Bk
2 Bk
3 Bk
1 Bk
2 Bk
3 Bk
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
3 Lie
3 Lie
3 Lie
1 Lie
1 Lie
3 Lvs
3 Lvs
Sample
Wt.
9
Code (1) (2)
G 2.
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A >
0
/
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C
G
G
G
G \
t
G 1.0
G 2.
Gy 1.
Gn
0
Gn
0
Ast. 2.
Ast. 1.
o
0
(
0
0
2
.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.0
>
r
1.0
2.
1.
2.
1.
0
0
0
0
Solution
Concentration
ug/ml
(1) (2)
<0.0025 <0.0025
J/ \1/
oTooe oTooe
0.006 0.003
0.0025 0.0027
<0.0025 <0.0025
\
'005 0
0025 <0.
0025 <0
/
0025
0025
D'0105 <0 0025
0.004 0.0065
0.0077 <0.0025
0.005 0.0096
0.0071 <0.0025
0.0075 <0.0025
<0.0025 <0.0025
<0
>
0025
f
Average Sol'n
Concentration
<0.0025
I
0.006
0.0045
0.0026
<0.0025
>
0
<0
'0055
0025
f '
.0025
otoios
0.0053
0.0077
0.0073
0.0071
0.0075
<0.0025
Plant
Concentration
<0.125
I
0.3
0.23
0.13
<0.125
V
0.275
<0.125
1
I
<0r25
<0.125
<0.5
<0.125
<0.25
<0.125
1.05
0.53
0.77
0.073
0.71
0.375
<0.25
77
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Chromium
Plants
Sample
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70.
PI 69
PC 16
TIT
PI
PC 17
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52.
PI 51
PI 53
.;. Sample.
Wt.
' 9
Location Code (1) (2)
1 Lvs A 2,0 2.0
2 Lvs A 1
3 Lvs A v 1
1 LVS A .
2 Lvs A 2'.0
3 Lvs A 1
1 Lvs C J,
2 Lvs C ---
3 Lvs C 2.0
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Pit L .
2 Pit L '
3 Pit L * ^ .
1 Pit L 1.0 1.0
2 Pit L 1.0 1.0
3 Pit L 1,0 1.0
3 Lvs W 2.0
3 Lvs S 2.0 -
3 Lvs S 1.0 1.0.
3 Pit M 2.0
3 Pit M 1.0 1.0
2 Lvs Gs 2.0
2 Lvs Gs liO 1.0
2 Bk A 2.0 2.0
3. Bk A 2.0
1 Bk A liO.. l.,0..
2 Bk: A li.0< 1,0
3 Bk A l.,0 l:,0:.
Solution
Concentration
pg/ral-
(1) (?)
0.090 0.075 -
0.023 0.045
0.023 0.030
0.050 -~-
0..052 Ou-05.0
0.050 6.060
0.035 0.025
0.020 ---
0.065 0.072
0.052 0.045
0.062 0.073
0.037 0.060
0.020 0.614
0.014 0.010
<0.01 <0.01
6.033 0.032
0.055 0.052
0.048 0.020
0.035 .0.050
0.065 0.080
0.048 0.048
0.037 0.035
0.036 0.0.36
0.023 0.033
0.070
0.052
0.035 0.052
0.413
0.536 0.517
0.052 . w
<0.01 0.015
0:088 0.075
0.074
0.030 0'.032
0.033 0).030
0>043 0.043
Average Sol'n
Concentration
0.083
0.034
0.027
0.650
0.051
0.055
0.030
0.020
0.069
0.049 . :
0.068
6.043 '
0.017
0.012
<0.0'1
0.0'33
0.054
'. 0.034.
0.0425
0.073
0.048
0.036
0.036
0.028
0.070
0. 052
0.044
0.413
0.527
0.0.52
0.015
0.082
0.074
0.032
OS 032
0:643;
Plant1.-
Concentre tier.
4.15
1.70
1.35
2.5
2.05
2.25
1.5
1.0
3.5
'. .-': ",2.5'
3.4
."" "" 2,5'..
0.85
6.60
<0.5'
1.65
2.66
1.70
2.12
3.65
2.4.
3.6
3.6
2.8
3.5
2.6
4.4
20.65
52.7,.. ;
'2.6;.,
: '.....;.:1'a; v.."
. " ' ' 4. 1 '.
. -.' 3.7 ..
. ' ,- 3.2 'I-. .
« ' - ' 3.2.1 ." ''
'* 3.-' ' "
78
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Chromium
Plant
Sample
No. Location
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4 (2)
PI 46
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
55
73
1 Bk
2 Bk
3 Bk
1 Bk
2 Bk
3 Bk
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
1 Rts
2 Rts
3 Rts
3 Lie
3 Lie
3 Lie
1 Lie
1 Lie
3 Lvs
3 Lvs
. Sample
Wt.
g
Code (1) (2)
G 2.0 2.0
G
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A
' >
f
C 2.0 1.0
C 0.5 1.0
C 2.0 2.0
C 0.5 0.5
C 2.0 2.0
C
G
G
G
G v
, . >
f
G 1.0 1.0
G 2.0 2.0
Gy 1.0 1.0
Gn
0
Gn
0 J,
* ^
/
Ast. 2.0 2.0
Ast. 1.0 1.0
Solution
Concentration
yg/ml
(1) (2)
0.050
0.060
0.040
0.043
0.045
0.035
0.054
0.052
0.040
0.050
0.045
0.054
0.110
0.014
0.048
0.014
0.090
0.065
0.023
0.043
0.025
0.037
0.033
0.014
0.149
0.075
0.182
0.055
0.060
.0.033
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o;.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
050
043
040
043
032
052
057
070
050
043
052
050
023
033
043
032
075
060
033
016
022
025
050
030
094
052
172
036
159
030
025
Average Sol'n
Concentration
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
050
052
040
043
039
044
056
061
045
046
049
052
078
030
045
023
083
063
028
029
024
031
042
022
122
064
187
046
110
032
025
Plant
Concentration
pg/g
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
12
6
18
4
11
1
2
.5
.6
.0
.15
.95
.18
.78
.05
.25
.3
.5
.6
.9
.0
.25
.6
.15
.15
.4
.45
.2
.5
.2
.1
.2
.4
.7
.6
.0
.61
.5
79
-------
Main.Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Lead-
Plants
f V.
Sample
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
' PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70
PI 69
PC 16
PI
PC 17
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
Tl/"»
PC
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52
PI 51
PI 53
Location
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
1
2
3
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
UV
BK
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Code
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
G
G
L
L
L
L
L
L
W
W
S
S
M
M
Gs
Gs
A'
A .
A
A
A
A
Sample Solution, .
Wt. Concentration Plant.
g vg/inl Average Sol'n Concentraticr.
.(1) (2) (1) (2), Concentration Vg/9
2.0
>
'
1.0
1.0
1.0
2iO
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1-.-6'
1.0
2
j
2
J
,0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <5.0
L..
.0
L. -
2.0
*
1
1
1
_.
.0
.0
.0
.
X'JL?"
J
'. <'. '
,
'''.
" ' . - v
<10wO '
^ ':
I
<5.0
^
<0.1 ; , <0.1 <5.0
1.0
1
1.
2
-.
1
J»
^ <
--
0
0
>
;
: ~ .
J*n'l
: '--
s
;,;.
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Lead
Plant
Sample Solution
Wt. Concentration Plant
Sample g wg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
No. Location Code (1) (2) (1) (2) Concentration V9/g
PC 11 1 Bk G 2.0 2.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0
PC 13 2 Bk G
PC 12. 3 Bk G
PI 49 1 Bk G
PI 50 2 Bk G
PI 48 3 Bk G
PC 27 1 Rts A
PC 30 2 Rts A
PC 29 3 Rts A
PI 26 1 Rts A
PI 25 2 Rts A
PI 24 3 Rts A >]
f ^
f
PC 34 1 Rts C 2.0 1.0
PC 35 2 Rts C 0.5 1.0
PC 36 3 Rts C 2.0 2.0
PI 33 .1 Rts C 0.5 0.5
PI 32 2 Rts C 2.0 2.0
PI 31 3 Rts C
PC 42 1 Rts G
PC 37 2 Rts G
PC 38 3 Rts G
PI 40 1 Rts G \|
>
f
PI 39 2 Rts G 1.0 1.0
PI 41 3 Rts G 2.0 2.0
PC 57 3 Lie Gy 1.0 1.0
PC 58 3 Lie Gn
PC 59 3 Lie 0
PI 60 1 Lie Gn
PI 61 1 Lie 0 J
' >
f
PC 4 (2) 3 Lvs Ast. 2.0 2.0
PI 46 3 Lvs Ast. 1.0 1.0 \
' \
' \
1 <5
1
K
81
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Manganese
Plants'"
Sample
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70
PI 69
PC 16
PC, 17
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
D^*
PC
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52
PI 51
PI 53
Location- "Code
1 Lvs A
2 Lvs- A
3 Lvs- A
1 Lvs A
2 Lvs A
3 Lvs -A
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs'C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lys G
1 Pit L
2 Pit L
3 Pit L
1 Pit L
2 Pit L
3 Pit L
3 Lvs W
3. Y -if, fftT
LVS W
3 Lvs S
3 Lvs S
3 Pit M
3 Pit M
2 Lvs Gs
2 Lvs Gs
IXjtp. . JV
BK .A
2 Bk A
3 Bk A
1 Bk . A
2 Bk A
3 Bk A
Sample
wt.
9
(1) (2)
2.0 2,0
1'
'
'
2.0
i
2,0
,
' : ' .
1,0 1.0
1,0 1.0
1.0 1,0
2.0
2.0 --.-
1:0 i.o
2.0
1:0 1,0
2.0 ---
1.0 1.0
2.0, 2.0
2.0
1.0 1.0,
1.0 1.0
1*0 1.0
.Solution
Concentration
pg/nl
(1) (2)
1.68 1.68
3.01 4.07
1.72 1.71
2.30 r
1.47 1.50
2.18 2.18
1.05 1,04
1..-29
1.00 1.03
1.49 1.46
1.15 1.14
0.78 0.77
4.07 3.98
2.48 2.60
3.35 3.35
4.72 4.85
4.66 4.66
4.18 4.17
0,50 0.52
.0.71 0.67
0.64 0.66
0.21 0.22
0.33 0,30
0.19 0,18
3.67 >Tr-./
1.57
0.85 0.97
7.49 ;__-'
6; 60 6:25
1.41 ":-
0.46 6,,44
^""P- _ ** . .
3.02 3.54
2. 82 ......
1.02, 1.05
i.13 1,15
1,57 1.50,
Average Sol'n
Concentration
1.68
3. 54
1.72
2..30
1.49
2.18
1.05
1.29
1.015
1.475
1.15
0.78
4.02
2.54
3.35
4.78
4.66
4.18
0.51
0.69
0.65
0.22
0.32
0.185
3.67
1.57
0.91
7.49 .;
6.42
1.41
0.45
3,23
2,82
1.03
1.14
1.53 '
' ^ Plant'' ;;' '
Concehtratich
vg/g, ,
84.0
177 ; ;
86.0
115
74.5
109
45.5
64.5
50;. 8
73.8
57.5
39.0
201 '':''
127
167.5
'' ' 239' '''.,'.,
233
209
25.5'
. . 34. 5/ -.,.
32.5
22
32 '.
18.5 !
183,5
73.5
91.0 '
, 374.5
.'' .642 :v\-.
'. ' .'.72.1,.;;. ;.
. '' /45'';/ ..'
'W-*'
i, > " '
161 .5
141 -4
103 ,,
114 ,
- 153
X
X
X
;
X'
32
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Manganese
Plant
Sample
Wt.
Sample g
No. Location Code (1) (2)
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4 (2)
PI 46
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
- 55
73
1 Bk G 2.0 2.0
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Bk G
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A 4, 4"
1 Rts C 2.0 1.0
2 Rts C 0.5 1.0
3 Rts C 2.0 2.0
1 Rts C 0.5 0.5
2 Rts C 2.0 2.0
3 Rts C
1 Rts G
2 Rts G
3 Rts G
1 Rts G \P ^
2 Rts G 1.0 1.0
3 Rts G 2.0 2.0
3 Lie Gy 1.0 1.0
3 Lie Gn
3 Lie 0
1 Lie Gn
1 Lie 0 J, 4,
3 Lvs Ast. 2.0 2.0
3 Lvs Ast. 1.0 1.0
Solution
Concentration
yg/ml
(1) (2)
1.90 1.75
4.72 4.15
2.58 2.17
3.21 3.01
4.15 3.07
2.02 2.19
1.99 1.87
2.74 2.82
4.83 4.52
1.84 1.86
1.29 1.23
1.47 1.55
0.72 0.40
0.22 0.50
0.90 0.96
0.18 0.20
0.69 0.75
0.75 0.68
2.60 2.61
1.89 1.86
2.28 2.26
2.02 2.05
1.35 1.44
1.36 1.38
1.0 1.51
0.79 0.87
1.51 1.56
0.64 0.81
1.42 1.45
1.55 1.56
0.92 0.92
<0.1
if
Average Sol'n
Concentration
1.825
4.43
2.38
3.10
3.61
2.11
1.93
2.78
4.68
1.85
1.26
1.51
0.76
0.47
0.93
0.19
0.72
0.715
2.61
1.88
2.27
2.03
1.40
1.37
1.25
0.83
1.53
0.72
1.44
1.56
0.92
Plant
Concentration
ng/g
91.5
221.5
119
155
180.5
105.5
96.5
139
234
92.5
63
75.5
38
47
46.5
38
31
35.8
130.5
94
113.5
101.5 .
140,
68.5
125
83
153
72
144
78
92
83
-------
Main Samples
New-Mexico.
Four -Corners
Element: Mercury
Plants
San-pie
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70
PI 69
PC 16
PI
PC 37
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
PC
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52
PI 51
PI 53
Location Code
1 Lvs ,A o
2 Lvs A
3 Lys A
1 Lvs A
2. Lvs A
3 Lvs A
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs C
2 Lvs C .
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Pit L
2 Pit L "^
3 Pit L
. 1 Pit L 0.
2 Pit L
3 Pit L
3 Lvs W
3 Lvr> V.' -11
3 Lvs S 0.
3 Lvs S
3 Pit K
3 Pit M
2 Lvs Gs
2 Lvs Gs N
1 Bk A
2 Bk A
3 Bk A
1 Bk A
2 Bk A
3 Ek A \
Sample
Wt.
g
(1) (2)
.5 0 5
S '
0.5
' -i . '
0.5
V
0.5
* ~T~"
_ . «*»
505
'
'-. -*-
5 --- '
0.5
-__
6.5
5 -r-
0.5
f \/
Concer
W<
(1)
<0.02
0.02:
<0,02
d: 02
<6.02
0.09
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.10.'
<0.02
<0.02
1
0:06
0.12
0.09
"
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08,
.
0.13
<0,02
0.02
0.04.
0.10
0.02
~~~
O.;03
<0.02
^
0.02
oration
(2)
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.08
<0.02
__ '
*0.02
^
0.06
0.04
0.02
<0.02
0.08
!
0.08
- .
*""~-
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.03
'' ~~~
. '
0.02
0.04
.-.' '
0.18
. ---
T-. -
<0.02'
0.04
0.06
Plant
Concentration
Pg/g
0.02
. 0.03
<0.02
0.08
0.08
0.05
<0.02
0.09
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.07
0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.09
-~
0.05 ,
0.03 r,
0.04 ;
0.06 ^
.
0.13 i
0.02 !
0.03 l
0.041
0.10 ?
o.io /
, ^^^
0.033
-------
Main
New .Vcxico
Four Corners
Element: Mercury
Want
Sample
No.
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4
PI 46
Sample
Wt.
9
Location Code (1) (2)
1 Bk G 05
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Bk G
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A
1 Rts C
2TM- r+ f*
0.5
0.5
0.5
-4.-
3 Rts C 0-1
1 Rts C 0.5
2 Rts C
3 Rts C
1 Rts G
2 Rts G
3 Rts G
1 Rts G
2 Rts G
3 Rts G
3 Lie Gy
3 Lie Gn
3 Lie 0
1 Lie Gn
1 Lie 0
0.5
J*
0.5
-
0.5
, °'5
3 Lvs Ast. 0.5 0.5
Concentration
pg/mg
(1) (2)
0.06
<0.02
0.04
<0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
<0.02
1
0.02
0.05
0.06
<0.08
. 0.06
0.08
0.02
0.02
4
<0.02
<0.02
0.08
0.02
0.08
0.18
0.08
0.14
0.06
'
0.02
0.02
.
0.04
;_
0.08
0.02
0.10
<0.02
0.02
<0.02
<0.02
0.06
ooe
0.04
0.10
<0.02
-
0.14
0.06
0.16
Plant
. Concentration
Pg/g
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
<0.02
0.02
0.05
0.06
<0.08
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.10
0.08
0.02
0.08
0.18
0.08
0.14
0.06
0.09
85
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Molybdenum
Plar.ts
Sample
No.
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
T>T
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
4
5
6
65
63
64
7
8
10
67
66
63
1
2
3
44
62
43
20
22
21
71
70
69
16
17
72
10;
54
19
47
14
15
52
51
53
Location
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
LVS
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Pit
Lvs
T vrr~
JL/VS
LVS
LVS
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Code
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
G
G
L
L
L
L
L
L
W
S
s
M
M
Gs
Gs
A
A
A
A
A
A
Sample. Solution ' . . i
Wt. Concentration ' Plant .
g pg/ml Average Sol' n Concentre' tier.'
.(1) (2) .-(I) (2) Concentration Ug/c
2.0
. . >
x
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
liO
2.0
1 .0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2..0
.1.0:
1.0
2
J
2
J
2
-
>
.0 <0 05 <0.05 <0.05 <2l5
[- .
.0
:-
.0
V
t '
i
l_
/ y>
* ' .1
!
' ' . , ' . ' \
.. ,
' , ".
- ' !' !
' ' ' ' '
' : ! '
^ .' ' ; ' i
0.11 0.11 0>11 5.5 :
<0.05 <0.05 <0*05 <2.5
1.0
1.0
i.o
"
....
\
v
f " >
<5.0
1 " '
\t'y .
' <2"i ' '!
. <0.05 <0.05 . <2.5
1.0
.
1.0
1.0
\
<0.05
<0.05
:
<0.05
/j. - . ___ ' . ' >
. . - <5.0 '' '" :
.' ' '. <2.5i- ' /'
' . <5lO., '',;;'.
<2.5 . ,''
<5.b
'--- - --
2.0 <0.j05.: <0.05 <0.05 <2.5 ,
1.
.
o;
1.0
1.0 ^
, i ; . .
<0.'05
; ':&:.. ,
... .- ' ;<5..0, ' ,'.;.;,
- '.'""'
, .
/
86
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Eleir.ent: Molybdenum
Plant
Sample
No . Location
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4 (2)
PI 46
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
55
73
1
2
3
.1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
Bk .
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lvs
Lvs
Sample Solution
Wt. Concentration Plant
g Wg/ml Average Sol'n Concentration
Code (1) (2) (1) (2) Concentration yg/g
G 2.0 2.0 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <2.5
G
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A J
' \
,
C 2.0 1.0
C 0.5 1.0
C 2.0 2.0
C 0.5 0.5
C 2.0 2.0
C
G
G
G
G \
x ^
G 1.0 1.0
G 2.0 2.0
Gy 1.0 1.0
Gn
0
Gn
0 -J
' >
f '
Ast; 2.0 2.0
\
* \.
/
<5lO
<2.5
<10.0
<2.5
/ . ^
f
0.075 0^075 3T.75
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
'Four Corners
Element:
Nickel
Plants
Sample
No.
PC 4
PC 5
PC 6
PI 65
PI 63
' PI 64
PC 7
PC 8
PC 10
PI 67
PI 66
PI 68
PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PI 44
PI 62
PI 43
PC 20
PC 22
PC 21
PI 71
PI 70
PI 69
PC 16
PI
PC 17
PI 72
PC 18
PI 54
PC 19
PI 47
PC
* X*
PC 14
PC 15
PI 52
PI 51
PI 53
Sample
'Wt.
""9 .
Location Code ;. (1) (2)
1 Lvs A 2.0 2.0
2 Lvs A 1
3 Lvs A 1
1 Lvs A
2 Lvs A J2-.'0
3 -LVS A 1
1 Lvs C I
2 Lvs C ---
3 Lvs C 2.0
1 Lvs C " ;
2 Lvs C
3 Lvs C
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Lvs G
2 Lvs G
3 Lvs G
1 Pit L
2 Pit L
3 Pit L . .*..*'
1 Pit L 1.0 1.0
2 Fit L l.'O 1.0
3 Pit L 1.0 1.0
3 Lvs W 2.0 ---
3 Lvs W -- -
3 Lvs S 2.0 -~
3 Lvs S 1.0 1.0
3 Pit M 2.0 ---
3 Pit M 1.0 1.0
2 Lvs Gs 2.0 ---
2 Lvs Gs 1.0 1.0
1 Bk A -- --;-
2 Bk A 2*:0 2.0
3 Bk A 2iO -
1 Bk A 120 l.;0
2 Bk A «liO i;0
3 Bk A -ISO *liO
Concentration
4ig/ml
:ID i 12)
0,'0'46 0.05
0.012 >0i?028
0.030 o.;o42
0.082
0.078 0.077
0.090 0.080
0.022 0.023
0.017
0.053 0.058
0.068 0.066.
0.062 0.087
0.078 0.065
0.038 0.017
0.015 <0.01
<0.01 J,
0.015 0,025
0.142 0.058
0.022 0,022
0.049 0.038
0.063 0.067
0.063 0.046
0.035 0,041
0.027 0.043
0.035 0.035
0.0,67 ,__
_ ' ' .
0.053 /___
0^055 0.055
0.238 ,___
0.225 0.212
vO.045
<0.01 0.02
. ___ . ' ___
0.115 .0,120
0 061
0^017 xO.'oi"
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Nickel
Plant
: Sample
Wt.
Sample g
No. Location Code (1) (2)
PC 11
PC 13
PC 12
PI 49
PI 50
PI 48
PC 27
PC 30
PC 29
PI 26
PI 25
PI 24
PC 34
PC 35
PC 36
PI 33
PI 32
PI 31
PC 42
PC 37
PC 38
PI 40
PI 39
PI 41
PC 57
PC 58
PC 59
PI 60
PI 61
PC 4 (2)
PI 46
Reagent
Blank
9
28
45
55
73
1 Bk G 2.0 2.0
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Bk G
2 Bk G
3 Bk G
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A
1 Rts A
2 Rts A
3 Rts A 4, 4"
1 Rts C 2.0-1.0
2 Rts C 0.5 1.0
3 Rts C 2.0 2.0
1 Rts C 0.5 0.5
2 Rts C 2.0 2.0
3 Rts C
1 Rts G
2 Rts G
3 Rts G
1 Rts G 4- ^
2 Rts G 1.0 1.0
3 Rts G 2.0 2.0
3 Lie Gy 1.0 1.0
3 Lie Gn
3 Lie 0
1 Lie Gn
1 Lie 0 J' >'
3 Lvs Ast. 2.0 2.0
3 Lvs Ast. 1.0 1.0
Solution
Concentration
U) (2)
0.047 0.034
0.065 0.066
0.055 0.040
0.011 0.022
0.011 0.012
0.011 0.02
0.063 0.072
0.067 0.083
0.034 0.033
0.075 0.071
0.058 0.061
0.030 0.063
0.030 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
0.025 0.01
0.011 <0.01
0.055 0.030
0.026 0.034
<0.01 <0.01
0.034 <0.01
0.035 <0.01
0.028 0.020
0.017 0.046
<0.01 <0.01
0.170 0.083
0.071 0.087
0.088. 0.088
0.087 0.087
0.148 0.106
0.05 0.03
0.026 0.045
<0.01
Average Sol1 n
Concentration
0.041
0.066
0.048
0.0165
0.012
0.015
0.068
0.075
0.034
0.073
0.060
0.0465
0.030
<0.01
0.018
0.011
0.0425
0.030
<0.01
0.034
0.035
0.024
0.031
<0.01
0.126
0.079
0.088
0.087
0.127
0.04
0.036
Plant
Concentration
ug/g
2.05
3.3 '
2.4
0.83
0.6
0.75
3.4
3.75
1.7
3.65
3.0
2.33
1.5
<1.0
0.9
2.2
2.13
1.5
<0.5
1.70
1.75
1.2
3.1
<0.5
12.6
7.9
8.8
8.7
12.7
2.0
3.6
89
-------
. Main,Sanples
;.:New Mexico
vF.our. Corners.
Element: Selenium
Plants
Sample
No.
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
' PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
PC
PI
too
FU
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
4
5
6
65
63
64
7
8
10
67
66
68
1
2
3
44
62
43
20
22
21
71
70
69
16
17
72
18
54
19
47
14
15
52
51
53
Location
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
,
2
3
1
2
. 3
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs.
Lvs
.Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
Pit
pit
Pit
pit
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Lvs
,Lvs
Pit
Pit
Lvs
Lvs
Dlr
BK
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
:i- : -iSample .,:Solution . " .'. '. :; ''.<../;
,-Wt. ^.Concentration : '':'"'"
.; g ..Kg/ml Average Soi'n
Code ';(!) (2) "(1) ;".(2) Concentration
A 2.0
A
A
A
A
A .
C
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
G
G
L
L
L
'
L 1^0
L 1.0
L 1. 0
W 2.0
S 2.0
S ,1.0
M 2.0
M 1.0
Gs 2.0
Gs .1.0
A 2.0
A 2wO
A ;:lvO
A L.1.0
A 1.0
;2.0 -<0;005 : L , <0,005 ;
,'-
:..
-?0. *
2.0
\
W.
2.0
^
1
'-, ' % .'.>»
.' ' ';;t:b.1.,0.14' '".'' ' : ' - .'b'..014-';>-V ...;;'"
''] ''.'' ' :..'.; -',,\ ;; '
',...
f '" ':
0:022 '::,-> Oi022
:",-...- '.; . .;"':'./ '( <0..005"-." ....._.
. ;'." .' .-,'.«.' "/' . '' '
i ' '..; : '--- '... ' >
''..'
'.<0.005 .- r ; <0>p05
0 >;.;:
''." . '..
' :- '-''. J/ . ' "
fiO,;l«S : i ; 0^055 , ;':
.0 /co :bb7 ;." 0.007
<0^005 OiDSS 0.055 >
.0 1 - -^O'.OOS ' "'../.
/ '':''''. ..'...:.".... '<
' '- ' ' '"'
'
;0 .': CP7J044: . .': ;;.-':;;;: ' 'v'0/044 . .;.'/"
. Plant'
Concentration
ug/g
<0.25
0.70
<0 25 ;
s
x-
0.30
<0.25 ,
\
. , ,
f . ' .
r 10
<0.25
<0 5
1
sj/' ' '
<0.25
-- -
<0.25 .
<0.50
' " 2.751 "K
' ' . . 0.7i| ; 'I
' : .' "2.75' . -.,..
<0.5
0.40
<0.25 ' '
1 - f '
i
4T4
-------
Main Samples
New Mexico
Four Corners
Element: Selenium
Plant
Sample
No. Location
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PI
PC
PC
PC
PI
PI
PC
PI
11
13
12
49
50
48
27
30
29
26
25
24
34
35
36
33
32
31
42
37
38
40
39
41
57
58
59
60
61
4 (2)
46
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Bk
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Rts
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lie
Lvs
Lvs
Sample Solution
Wt. Concentration Plant
g Vg/ml . Average Sol'n Concentration
Code (1) (2) (1) (2) Concentration yg/g
G 2.0
G
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
A
A >
f
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C 0.5
C 2.0
C
G
G
G
G \
/
G 1.0
G 2.0
Gy 1.0
Gn
0
Gn
o
f
Ast. 2.0
Ast. 1.0
2.0 <0 005 <0.005 <0.25
.
>j
f .' .
1.0
i.o
2.0
0.5
2.0 :
>
'
f .
1.0
2.0
1.0
^
f .-''
2.0
l.o ;.-. N
1 \
0.009 0.009 OT45
<0.005 <0.25
, .
' -' .''. \
/ *
f
.0.013 0.013 0.66
<0.005 <0.5
/ , , ''. N
<0.25
<1.0
<0,25
>
f
<0.5
<0.25
<0.5
>
f
<0.25
,, <0.5
Reagent . ' . .'..' .''.,;' ''.-.'.'" ' ' .
Blank .'.".-.:.-. . . ' ' -' .
.
. .
9
28
45
55
73
------- |