EPA-AA-TE3-90 - 02
Technical Report
MOBILE4 Sensitivity Analysis
By
Celia Shih
Hay 1990
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA
decisions or position. They are intended to present technical
analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the
exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA
decision, position or regulatory action.
Test and Evaluation Branch
Emission Control Technology Division
Office of Mobile Sources
Office of Air and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Exhaust Emission Rates
3.0 Nontampered Hot Soak Emission Rates
4.0 Nontampered Diurnal Emission Rates
5.0 Nontampered Running Loss Emission Rates
6.0 Speed Correction Factors
7.0 Low Temperature Correction Factors
8.0 High Temperature Correction Factors
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LIST OF FIGURES
A. Exhaust Emission Rates
l. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure la HC vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure ib HC vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
Figure 2a CO vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure 2b CO vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
Figure 3a NOx vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure 3b NOx vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 4a HC vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 4b HC vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 5a CO vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 5b CO vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 6a NOx vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 6b NOx vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 7a HC vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 7b HC vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 8a CO vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 8b CO vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 9a NOx vs. Mileage - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 9b NOx vs. Mileage - 1979+ Model Years
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure lOa HC vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure lOb HC vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
Figure lla CO vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure lib CO vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
Figure I2a NOx vs. Mileage - Pre-1980 Model Years
Figure I2b NOx vs. Mileage - 1980+ Model Years
5. Light-Duty Diesel-Powered Vehicles
Figure 13 HC vs. Mileage
Figure 14 CO vs. Mileage
Figure 15 NOx vs. Mileage
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6. Light-Duty Diesel-Powered Trucks
Figure 16 HC vs. Mileage
Figure 17 CO vs. Mileage
Figure 18 NOx vs. Mileage
7. Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Vehicles
Figure 19a HC vs. Mileage - Pre-1982 Model Years
Figure 19b HC vs. Mileage - 1982+ Model Years
Figure 20a CO vs. Mileage - Pre-1982 Model Years
Figure 20b CO vs. Mileage - 1982+ Model Years
Figure 2la NOx vs. Mileage - Pre-1982 Model Years
Figure 21b NOx vs. Mileage - 1982+ Model Years
8. Motorcycles
Figure 22 HC vs. Mileage
Figure 23 CO vs. Mileage
Figure 24 NOx vs. Mileage
B. Nontampered Hot Soak Emission Rates
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 25a Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 25b Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - 1981+ Model Years
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 26a Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 26b Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - 1981+ Model Years
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 27a Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 27b Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP - 1981+ Model Years
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 28 Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP
5. Motorcycles
Figure 29 Hot Soak vs. Fuel RVP
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C. Nontampered Diurnal Emission Rates
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 30a Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 30b Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - 1981+ Model Years
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 31a Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 31b Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - 198H- Model Years
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 32a Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - Pre-1981 Model Years
Figure 32b Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP - 1981+ Model Years
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 33 Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP
5. Motorcycles
Figure 34 Diurnal vs. Fuel RVP
D. Nontampered Running Loss Emission Rates
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 35 Running Loss Emissions vs. Fuel RVP
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 36 Running Loss Emissions vs. Fuel RVP
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 37 Running Loss Emissions vs. Fuel RVP
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 38 Running Loss Emissions vs. Fuel RVP
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E. Speed Correction Factors
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 39a HC vs. Speed - Pre-1977 Model Years
Figure 39b HC vs. Speed - 1977+ Model Years
Figure 40a CO vs. Speed - Pre-1977 Model Years
Figure 40b CO vs. Speed - 1977-t- Model Years
Figure 4la NOx vs. Speed - Pre-1977 Model Years
Figure 41b NOx vs. Speed - 1977+ Model Years
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 42a HC vs. Speed - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 42b HC vs. Speed - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 43a CO vs. Speed - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 43b CO vs. Speed - 1979+ Model Years
Figure 44a NOx vs. Speed - Pre-1979 Model Years
Figure 44b NOx vs. Speed - 1979+ Model Years
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 45 HC vs. Speed
Figure 46 CO vs. Speed
Figure 47 NOx vs. Speed
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 48 HC/CO/NOx vs. Speed
5. Light-Duty Diesel-Powered Vehicles
Figure 49 HC/CO/NOx vs. Speed
6. Light-Duty Diesel-Powered Trucks
Figure 50 HC/CO/NOx vs. Speed
7. Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Vehicles
Figure 51 HC/CO/NOx vs. Speed
8. Motorcycles
Figure 52 HC vs. Speed
Figure 53 CO vs. Speed
Figure 54 NOx vs. Speed
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F. Low Temperature Correction Factors
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 55 Bag 1 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 56 Bag 2 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 57 Bag 3 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 58a Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - Pre-1980 Model
Years
Figure 58b Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - 1980+ Model Years
Figure 59 Bag 2 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 60 Bag 3 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 61 Bag 1 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 62 Bag 2 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 63 Bag 3 NOx vs. Temperature
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 64 Bag 1 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 65 Bag 2 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 66 Bag 3 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 67a Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - Pre-1981 Model
Years
Figure 67b Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - 1981+ Model Years
Figure 68 Bag 2 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 69 Bag 3 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 70 Bag 1 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 71 Bag 2 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 72 Bag 3 NOx vs. Temperature
3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 73 Bag 1 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 74 Bag 2 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 75 Bag 3 HC vs. Temperature
Figure 76a Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - Pre-1981 Model
Years
Figure 76b Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature - 1981+ Model Years
Figure 77 Bag 2 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 78 Bag 3 CO vs. Temperature
Figure 79 Bag 1 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 80 Bag 2 NOx vs. Temperature
Figure 81 Bag 3 NOx vs. Temperature
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4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 82
Figure 83
Figure 84
5. Motorcycles
Figure 85
Figure 86
Figure 87
Figure 88
Figure 89
Figure 90
Figure 91
Figure 92
Figure 93
HC vs. Temperature
CO vs. Temperature
NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 1 HC vs.
Bag 2 HC vs.
Bag 3 HC vs.
Bag 1 CO vs.
Bag 2 CO vs.
Bag 3 CO vs.
Bag 1 NOx vs.
Bag 2 NOx vs.
Bag 3 NOx vs.
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
G. High Temperature Correction Factors
1. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 94
Figure 95
Figure 96
Figure 97
Figure 98
Figure 99
Figure 100
Figure 101
Figure 102
Bag 1 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 2 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 3 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 1 CO vs.
Bag 2 CO vs.
Bag 3 CO vs.
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Bag 1 NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 2 NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 3 NOx vs. Temperature
2. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class I Trucks
Figure 103
Figure 104
Figure 105
Figure 106
Figure 107
Figure 108
Figure 109
Figure 110
Figure 111
Bag 1 HC vs.
Bag 2 HC vs.
Bag 3 HC vs.
Bag 1 CO vs.
Bag 2 CO vs.
Bag 3 CO vs.
Bag l NOx vs.
Bag 2 NOx vs.
Bag 3 NOx vs.
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
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3. Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Class II Trucks
Figure 112
Figure 113
Figure 114
Figure 115
Figure 116
Figure 117
Figure 118
Figure 119
Figure 120
Bag 1 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 2 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 3 HC vs. Temperature
Bag 1 CO vs. Temperature
Bag 2 CO vs. Temperature
Bag 3 CO vs. Temperature
Bag 1 NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 2 NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 3 NOx vs. Temperature
4. Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles
Figure 121
Figure 122
Figure 123
5. Motorcycles
Figure 124
Figure 125
Figure 126
Figure 127
Figure 128
Figure 129
Figure 130
Figure 131
Figure 132
HC vs. Temperature
CO vs. Temperature
NOx vs. Temperature
Bag 1 HC vs.
Bag 2 HC vs.
Bag 3 HC vs.
Bag 1 CO vs.
Bag 2 CO vs.
Bag 3 CO vs.
Bag l NOx vs.
Bag 2 NOx vs.
Bag 3 NOx vs.
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
8
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
MOBILE4, a computerized emission factor model for use in
the estimation and projection of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon
monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from
highway motor vehicles, was released to the public in March
1989. Methodologies and data used in this model are presented
in the Supplement to the 4th Edition of AP-42, Volume II:
Mobile Sources, to be released in September, 1990.
The purpose of this document is to display by way of a
series of graphs the sensitivity of MOBILE4 emission estimates
to changes in some of the key input variables for low-altitude
region vehicles. The eight vehicle types include:
1) light-duty gasoline-powered vehicles (LDGVs),
2) light-duty gasoline-powered Class 1 trucks (LDGTls),
3) light-duty gasoline-powered Class 2 trucks (LDGT2s),
4) heavy-duty gasoline-powered vehicles (HDGVs),
5) light-duty diesel-powered vehicles (LDDVs),
6) light-duty diesel-powered trucks (LDDTs),
7) heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles (HDDVs), and
8) motorcycles (MCs).
The graphs in this document are divided into seven
groups. The first group (Figures 1-24) represents MOBILE4
exhaust emission rates (in g/mi) at different mileage points
for each of the eight vehicle types.
The second (Figures 25-29) and third (Figures 30-34)
groups show MOBILE4 nontampered hot soak and diurnal emission
rates (in g/test) for each of the four gasoline-powered vehicle
types and motorcycles. The fourth group (Figures 35-38)
illustrates MOBILE4 nontampered running loss emissions (in
g/mi) by each of the four gasoline-powered vehicle types.
These three groups of graphs display the three types of
evaporative hydrocarbon emissions as a function of different
fuel volatility levels.
The fifth group (Figures 39-54) illustrates MOBILE4 speed
correction factors at various vehicle speeds for each of the
eight vehicle types. The sixth group (Figures 55-93) shows
MOBILE4 temperature correction factors at low ambient
temperatures (less than or equal to 75°F) for each of the four
gasoline-powered vehicles and motorcycles. The seventh group
(Figures 94-132) represents MOBILE4 temperature correction
factors at high ambient temperatures (higher than or equal to
75°F) for each of the four gasoline-powered vehicles and
motorcycles.
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In general, separate graphs are displayed for each vehicle
type and each pollutant. However, for the speed correction
factors, all three pollutants are combined in a single graph
for the two heavy-duty vehicle types and the two light-duty
diesel-powered vehicle types. For both low and high
temperature correction factors, except for HDGVs, separate
graphs are included for each pollutant, each vehicle type, and
each of the three modes of operation. The three modes of
operation are cold start, stabilized, and hot start, which are
represented by the three test segments of the FTP driving
cycle. For HDGVs, separate graphs are given only for each
pollutant.
In each graph, some model year groups are combined as one
group for clarity, if there is a minimal numerical difference
either in their emission rates or in the correction factors.
Therefore, the model year groups in this document may differ
slightly from those presented in other documents (such as in
AP-42, in which the model year groups are primarily based on
emission standards and/or emission control technology groups).
10
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2 . 0 EXHAUST EMISS ION RATES
Figures 1 through 24 show the MOBILE4 exhaust emission
rates (in g/mi) as a function of vehicle mileage for each of
the three pollutants and each of the eight vehicle types. Note
that these exhaust emission rates also include tampering. The
HC emissions represent total HC emissions emitted from
vehicle's exhaust system, which include both methane and
non-methane HC emissions, but exclude any of the evaporative HC
emissions {such as hot soak, diurnal, and running loss
emissions).
The g/mi exhaust emission rates are calculated from 0 to
100,000 miles at increments of 5,000 miles. Results represent
emissions under the FTP operating mode mix (20.6% cold start,
27.3% hot start, and 52.1% stabilized), at an average speed of
19.6 mph, 75°F ambient temperature, and fuel volatility at the
certification level of 9.0 psi Reid vapor pressure (RVP). The
tampering effects are also calculated and included in these
rates.
For clarity, two separate graphs (grouped by model years)
are shown for each pollutant of the five vehicle types. For
example, the LDGV exhaust HC emisssions versus mileage from
pre-1980 model years are shown in one graph (Figure la), and
those from 1980 and later model years are shown in another
graph (Figure ib).
Note that for model years 1981 and later LDGVs, two
different deterioration rates are used for HC and CO emissions,
one for vehicles at or less than 50,000 miles, and one for
vehicles at more than 50,000 miles. Except for LDDVs and HC/CO
emissions of LDDTs, the exhaust emission rates for all late
model year groups (e.g., 1981+ LDGVs, 1979+ LDGTls and LDGT2s)
have been updated in MOBILE4.
11
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3.0 NONTAMPERED HOT SOAK EMISSION RATES
Figures 25 through 29 show the MOBILE4 hot soak emission
rates (in g/test) as a function of fuel volatility for each of
the four gasoline-powered vehicle types and motorcycles. An
ambient temperature of 82°F is used to calculate the hot soak
emissions at fuel volatilities from 7.0 to 12.5 psi RVP, at
increments of 0.5 psi, with 54.57% in-use tank fill level. The
effects of vehicle tampering are not included.
For clarity, two separate graphs (grouped by model years)
are shown for LDGVs, LDGTls, and LDGT2s. For example, the LDGV
hot soak emissions from pre-1981 model years are shown in one
graph (Figure 25a), and those from 1981 and later model years
are shown in another graph (Figure 25b).
In general, higher hot soak emissions are predicted with
increased fuel volatility. It is also assumed that the hot
soak emissions become stabilized at the fuel volatility level
of 8.0 psi RVP.
4.0 NONTAMPERED DIURNAL EMISSION RATES
Figures 30 through 34 show the MOBILE4 diurnal emission
rates (in g/test) as a function of fuel volatility for each of
the four gasoline-powered vehicle types and motorcycles. A
minimum ambient temperature of 60°F and maximum of 84°F are
used to calculate the diurnal emissions at fuel volatilities
from 7.0 to 12.5 psi RVP, at increments of 0.5 psi, with 54.57%
in-use tank fill level. The effects of vehicle tampering are
not included.
For clarity, two separate graphs (grouped by model years)
are also shown for LDGVs, LDGTls, and LDGT2s. For example, the
LDGV diurnal emissions from pre-1981 model years are shown in
one graph (Figure 30a), and those from 1981 and later model
years are shown in another graph (Figure 30b). In general,
higher diurnal emissions are predicted with increases in fuel
volatility, with the slope of the curves becoming steeper at
the higher fuel volatility levels.
12
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5.0 NONTAMPERED RUNNING LOSS EMISSION RATES
Figures 35 through 38 show the MOBILE4 running loss
emission rates (in g/mi) as a function of fuel volatility for
each of the four gasoline-powered vehicle types. An ambient
temperature of 82°F is used to calculate the running loss
emissions at fuel volatilities from 7.0 to 12.5 psi RVP, at
increments of 0.5 psi. The effects of vehicle tampering are
not included.
There were not enough data to model running loss emissions
as a function of vehicle speed. Therefore, the g/mi running
loss emission rates representative of an urban-driving have
been built-in to MOBILE4. In general, higher running loss
emissions are predicted with the increase of fuel volatility.
6.0 SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
Figures 39 through 54 show the MOBILE4 speed correction
factors at various vehicle speeds (in mph) for each of the
three pollutants and each of the eight vehicle types. For the
two heavy-duty vehicle classes (HDGVs and HDDVs) and two
light-duty diesel-powered vehicle and truck classes (LDDVs and
LDDTs), all three pollutants are included in one plot.
The speed correction factors are calculated for vehicle
speeds of 2.5 mph, and from 5.0 to 55 mph at increments of
5 mph. The speed correction factor is 1.0 at 19.6 mph for all
light-duty vehicle classes, and is 1.0 at 20.0 mph for the two
heavy-duty vehicle classes.
For clarity, two separate graphs (grouped by model years)
are shown for LDGVs and LDGTls. For example, the LDGV speed
correction factors for HC emissions from pre-1977 model years
are shown in one graph (Figure 39a), and those from 1977 and
later model years are shown in another graph (Figure 39b).
The general trend of the speed correction factors for HC
and CO emissions is that the lower the vehicle speed the larger
the numerical value of the correction factor (which represents
higher emissions). The trend of the NOx speed correction
factors is similar to that of HC and CO emissions at low speed
(i.e., less than 19.6 mph). However, for pre-1983 model years
LDGVs, the higher the vehicle speed (e.g., 40+ mph), the larger
the value of the correction factor for NOx emissions.
13
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7 . 0 LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
Figures 55 through 93 present the MOBILE4 temperature
correction factors at low ambient temperatures (less than or
equal to 75°F) for each of the three modes of operation, each
of the three pollutants, and each of the three light-duty
gasoline-powered vehicle types (LDGVs, LDGTls, and LDGT2s) and
MCs. The three modes of operation represent the three test
segments of the FTP driving cycle: cold start (bag l),
stabilized (bag 2), and hot start (bag 3). For HDGVs, the
graphs are presented for each of the three pollutants only.
For diesel-powered vehicles and trucks, the temperature
correction factor is always 1.0. Therefore, no graphs are
included for the diesel-powered vehicle types.
The low temperature correction factors are calculated at
ambient temperatures from 0° to 75°F at increments of 5°F, with
fuel volatility at the certification level of 9.0 psi RVP. A
multiplicative model is used to describe the temperature effect
on all three pollutants, with one exception. For model years
1980 and later LDGVs, and 1981 and later LDGTls and LDGT2s, the
cold start (bag 1) CO emissions use an offset model (additive
adjustment in g/mi) to correct for low temperatures (see
Figures 58b, 67b, and 76b). Therefore, two separate graphs are
shown for the bag 1 CO emissions for LDGVs, LDGTls, and
LDGT2s. For example, for LDGV bag 1 CO emissions, the
multiplicative correction factors are shown in Figure 58a, and
the offset emissions are shown in Figure 58b.
At the ambient temperature of 75°F, the temperature
correction factor is 1.0 for the multiplicative model and 0.0
g/mi for the offset model. Although not shown in the graphs,
there is a small fuel volatility effect on exhaust HC and CO
emissions when the ambient temperatures are above 40°F and when
the fuel volatility is higher than the certification level of
9.0 psi RVP.
The general trend of the low temperature correction
factors is that the lower the ambient temperature the larger
the numerical value of the correction (which represents higher
emissions), with the cold start portion (bag 1) exhibiting the
largest adjustment (i.e., the largest sensitivity to cold
temperatures).
14
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8.0 HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
Figures 94 through 132 present the MOBILE4 temperature
correction factors at high ambient temperatures (greater than
or equal to 75°F) for each of the three modes of operation,
each of the three pollutants, and each of the three light-duty
gasoline-powered vehicle types (LDGVs, LDGTls, and LDGT2s) and
MCs. As in the case of the low temperature correction factors,
the three modes of operation represent the three test segments
of the FTP driving cycle: cold start (bag 1), stabilized (bag
2), and hot start (bag 3). For HDGVs, the graphs are presented
for each of the three pollutants only. For diesel-powered
vehicles and trucks, the temperature correction factor is
always 1.0. Therefore, no graphs are included for the
diesel-powered vehicle types.
The correction factors are calculated at ambient
temperatures from 75° to 110°F at increments of 5°F, and at two
levels of fuel volatility (9.0 and 11.5 psi RVP). A
multiplicative model is used to correct both the temperature
and fuel volatility effects on exhaust emissions. Therefore,
the correction factor is 1.0 at the ambient temperature of 75°F
and 9.0 psi RVP fuel volatility.
All graphs are labeled for temperature effect. The fuel
volatility effect is labeled only when there is a difference
for the test segment and pollutant. For example, in Figure 94
(bag 1 of LDGV HC emissions), the label "pre-1968" indicates
the temperature effect for the pre-1968 model year group (with
the implied fuel volatility correction factor of 1.0). The
labels "1983+, 9.0 RVP" and "1983+, 11.5 RVP" represent both
the temperature and fuel volatility effects on HC emissions for
the 1983+ model year LOGVs.
The general trend of the high temperature (and fuel
volatility) correction factors on HC and CO emissions is that
the higher the ambient temperature and the higher level of the
fuel volatility the larger the numerical value of the
correction factor (which represents higher emissions), with the
hot start portion (bag 3) exhibiting the largest adjustment.
15
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10
9
g 6
FIGURE la
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
-Pre-1968
1968-1969
1970-1971
1973-1974
1972
1975-1979
6 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
10
8
6 O
00
-------
2.5-
2-
1-
0.5-
FIGURE Ib
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1980
1983-1084
1985+
20
40
80
80
100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-2.5
I
1
-0.5
-------
108
98-
88-
78-
2
i
i
58-
48
38-
28
18
FIGURE 2a
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
Pre-1988
1908-1969
1970-1971
1973-1974
1972
1975-1979
108
98
88
78
-88 Q
or
cr
-58
48
-38
-28
18
0 20 40
ACCUMULATED
80 80 100
(Thousands of Miles)
-------
24
23
20-
18
12
10
FIGURE 2b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
I960
1981
1982
1983-1984
1985
1968+
20
40
eo
80
100
24
22
20
18
-I
12
1
10
-4
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
4.5-
4-
1
I
Ct
&5
pa
3.5-
3-
FIGURE 3a
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
Pr«-1968
1975-lfiTf
2.5
1977-1979
1968-1972
1974
1977-1979
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
-4.5
H
C/3
« ffi
3 x
w
-2.5
-------
2.5-
2-
I
1.5-
FIGURE 3b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1980
i-
1984+
1981-1982
1963
0.5-
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
-2
d
i
CO
-1.5
CO
i
1 X
0.5
-------
10-
9-
8-
7-
I
I
8-
4-
3-
FIGURE 4a
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
Pre-1968
1988-1989
1970-1971
1978
1977-1978
1976
1973-1974
1972
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
10
9
-8
-7
L6 8
0 H-
-5
-4
-------
6
5-1
4-1
I
CO
l
3-1
2-1
i-l
FIGURE 4b
DUTY^OLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1979-1980
1981-1983
1984
1985
1988
1988+
1987
°ACOJMULATED MILEACffl (Thousands of MUes)
6
-4
1
-3
-------
no
100-
90-
80-
i
70
60-
50-
40-
30
FIGURE 5a
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
CARBON M9NOXIDE
Low Altitude
Pre-1968
1988-1969
1970-1971
1973-1974
1976
1972
1975,1977-1978
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
no
100
90
eo
*r+
OT
CO
70 -a
60
X
50
40
30
-------
54
49-
44-
39-
OT 34-
|
» Z9H
24-
19-
14-
9-
FIGURE 5b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
1979-1980
54
-49
-44
39
-34
i
t
-29
24
-19 £?
14
-9
0 80 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
4.5
1
3.5-
8
2.5
FIGURE 6a
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1068-1972
1975-1978
Pre-1968
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
4.5
3.5 £
&
-3
2.5
-------
3.5-
3-
W
2.5-
2-
w
1.5-
1-
0.5
FIGURE 6b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1979-1980
1981-1963
1984
1985
1987
1988
1988-1991
1992+
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-3.5
-3
-2.5
CO
i=
cr
2
-1.5
0.5
-------
12
11-
10-
I
a
9-
8
8
FIGURE 7a
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS E
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
'Pro-1970
1970-1973
1974-1978
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
12
11
I
&
I
8
6
-------
6
5-
I
4-
I
CO
I 3
w
CO
a -
w
1-
FIGURE 7b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
UGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1979-1980
1981-1983
1984
1985
1986
1988+
1987
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
6
CO
S
CO
3
CO
-1
-------
120
110-
100-
l
cr
90-
80-
70
80
FIGURE 8a
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1974-1978
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
120
110
-100
£
I
CO
.90 a
2
w
-80
70
60
-------
64
54
34-
24-
14-
FIGURE 8b
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS n
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
1979-1980
1988+
1987
0 20 40
ACCUMULATED
80 80 100
(Thousands of Miles)
64
54
44
34
1
1
i
-24
14
-------
6.5-
§
e-
5.5
5-
4.5
FIGURE 9a
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS E
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1973
1970-1972
Pw-1970
'1974-1978
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MTT.BAfiR (Thousands of Miles)
6.5
I
6 CO
I
CO
5.5
-5
4.5
-------
3.5 {
1.5 -\
0.5
FIGURE 9b
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1979-1980
1988-1991
1902+
6 30 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
M.5
H
0.5
-------
FIGURE lOa
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
VEHICLES
«* 17H
g
13H
in
9-
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1977-1978
1979
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
23
21
-19
17
I
15 CO
I
13
W
-9
-7
-------
FIGURE lOb
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
5.5
4.5
§
Q 3.5
5
cr
3-
2.5-
1.5-
1990-I-
68-1969
1967
1980
1982-1984
1981
1990+
1965
1988-1989
1986
1967
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
5.5
-5
4.5
1
CT
3
3.5 Q
ha
2.5
1.5
-------
297
277-
257-
237-
217-
S
m
lx
65
137
117-
97-
77
67
FIGURE lla
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1974
1975
1976
1977-1978
1979
20
40
eo
80
100
297
277
257
-237
217
1
cr
177 t£
187
137
-117
-97
-77
57
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
-------
FIGURE lib
Low Altitude
104
1990+
1986-1989
1987
14
j O" \
MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
10
9.5-
9-
8.5-
CO 8
§
7.5-
6.5
6
5.5
FIGURE 12a
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1970-1973
Pre-1970
1974
1977-1978
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
10
9.5
9
8.5
I
8 CO
§
7.5
-8
-6.5
Le
h5.5
-------
6.5
6-
5.5-
I
i
5-
4.5-
4-
3.5-
FIGURE 12b
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
I960
1987-1989
1965-1988
1990
1961-1984
1991+
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
8.5
r8
-5.5
-5
CO
CO
4.5
-4
3.5
-------
2.5
2-
0.5-
FIGURE 13
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
- Pre-1975
1975-1979
1980+
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
2.5
I
1.5 CO
§
0.5
-------
FIGURE 14
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
4.5-
-4.5
4-
'Pr«-1975
-4
3.5-
I
3-
3.5
I
3
R
P
2.5-
2.5
2-
1.5-
1075-1979
1980+
2
-1.5
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
FIGURE 15
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
3.5
2-
Pre-1975
1975-1980
1981-1984
1985+
1-
0.5-
2.5
-2
1.5 CO
1
CO
w
-»
1
X
W
-0.5
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
1.8
1.5-
CO 1.2
§
1
0.6
0.3
FIGURE 16
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED TRUCKS
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
'Pre-1981
1981+
0 20 40 60 60 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
-0.6
0.3
-------
3
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
I8-3-
CO 2.2
55
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
FIGURE 17
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED TRUCKS
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
^Pre-1981
1981+
20
40
60
80
100
3
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
*
2.2 CO
55
2.1 2
CO
-2
CO
1.9 I
1.8 |
1.7 g
1.8 w
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
2.5-
2-
CO
§
55
1.5
0.5
FIGURE 18
EXHAUST EMISSION
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED TRUCKS
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
Pre-1981
1981-1967
1988-1989
1990+
6 20 40 00 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (thousands of Miles)
-2.5
I
CO
1 K CO
1.5 «
H
CO
« I"M
1 X
w
-0.5
-------
5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
CO 4.2
~ 4.1
4
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
FIGURE 19a
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1977
1978
1971-1978
1970
1989
1987-1988
Pre-1967
1979
1980-1981
5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4<2*
4.3^.
4.20^
OQ
-3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
1
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
2
FIGURE 19b
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
2.9-
2.8-
2.7-
2.8-
2.5-
2.4-
2.3-
2.2-
2«
.1-
,_, .,_ . ., 1 0AA
, _ - .,_.. Iflffl*
2.9
2.8
"t
S^
-2.5 B
-2.4 S
-2.3^
; *
-2.2
-2 1
w.A
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
16
15-
W
I
K
£
B
EH
1
8
X
w
13-
11-
10-
FIGURE 20a
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
HEffifY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
-1979
1980-1981
1977
1971-1978,1978
1970
1989
1987-1988
Pre-1987
0 30 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
16
-15
"^^
h"I
I
-13
W
11
10
-------
13
12-
11-
10-
9-
FIGURE 20b
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
1988-1989
1990
1991+
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
13
13
I
11
10
9
-------
28
27-
26-
24-
23
21
FIGURE 21a
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1977
1971-1976,1978
1967-1968
Pre-1967
1979
1980-1981
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
28
27
26
I
24
23
22
21
-------
FIGURE 21b
EXHAUST EMISSION
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
19-
18-
17-
5 lfl"
01 15~
5 14~
§ 13-
2 12-
i u-
10-
9-
8-
1084
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
-12
-u
-10
9
-8
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
17
15-
13-
11-
1
9-
5-
3
FIGURE 22
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
MOTORCYCLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
/ / / /
1978-1979
Pre-1978
1980-1981
1982-1984
1985-1987
19884-
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
17
15
13
-11
I
CO
9
-7
5
-3
-------
87
62-
57
52-
r
i
42-
37^
32-
27-
22-
17
FIGURE 23
EXHAUST EMISSION RATES
MOTORCYCLES
CARBON MpNOXTOE
Low Altitude
Pre-1978
1978-1970
1980-1981
1982+
67
-62
-57
-52
47
-42
37
32
27
22
17
0 20 40 80 80 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
-------
1.5-
I
a
2
E*
£
W
i-
0,5-
FIGURE 24
EXHAUST EMISSION
MOTORCYCLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1960+
1978-1979
Pre-1978
0 20 40 60 60 100
ACCUMULATED MILEAGE (Thousands of Miles)
1.5
I
W
X
0.5
-------
25
23-
21
19
17
13-
u
r
5
3
FIGURE 25a
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1971
1971
1972-1977
1978-1980
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
25
23
21
19
17 A
*
CO
13 CO
*** H-i
11 tt
3
CO
"i
5
-3
-------
FIGURE 25b
FVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
DS GASOLINE POWERED VEfflSJB
At Ambient Temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987+
8
9 10 "
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
25
23-
21-
19-
*>
i"\
§
13
11
9
7
5
3
FIGURE 26a
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
UGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1971
1971
1972-1977
1978-1960
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
w
25
23
21
19
17
-I
CO
11 U4
^
CO
g
5
-3
-------
3.5-
3-
2.5-
I
2-
S
H
0.5-
FIGURE 26b
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
At Ambient "temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
1981-1984
1985
-3.5
3
CO
CO
§
H
S
0.5
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
33
29-
25-
$3, 2H
I
s «
i
I 13H
I
9-
FIGURE 27a
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1979
1979-1980
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
33
29
25
fi
W
17 CO
*' HH
-13
1
-9
-5
-------
3.5 H
3.5-
0.5-
FIGURE 27b
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
1981-1964
1986
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
3.5
h2.5
-1.5
£-
§
-1
hO.5
-------
33
29 H
25 H
2H
I
S
t
17H
5
8 i3
I
FIGURE 28
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1985
1985+
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
33
29
25
on
CO
I
CO
17 tO
*' > i
§
-9
-5
-------
17
15-
13-
CO
5
8
CO
7-
FIGURE 29
EVAPORATIVE HOT SOAK RATES
MOTORCYCLES
At Ambient 'temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
1982+
1980-1981
1978-1979
Pre-1978
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
17
-15
-13
CO
CO
-»S
CO
&-
-7
-5
-------
54
50
46
42
38
34
§ 30
cr
26-
D
s
14
10
6
2
FIGURE 30a
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1971
1971
1972-1977
1978-1980
54
50
46
42
38
1-34^2
CO
-30 S
a
26 2
04
wg
14
10
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
10
9-
8-
5
[x
8-
5-
«-
a 3
2-
FIGURE 30b
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
1981-1984
1985
1988
1987
1988-1989
1990
1991
1992+
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
10
9
8
7
w
-5
I
w
D
3 S
-------
54
50
46
42
38
34
22-
14
10
6
2
FIGURE 31a
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1971
1071
1972-1077
1978-1960
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
54
1-50
1-42
1-38
1-34^;
CO
|-30 8
CO
22
1-26 3
1-22
h!8 «
-------
13
12-
11-
10-
9-
8-
CQ
O 7-
H ' ,
5-
D
3
3-
2-
1
0
FIGURE 31b
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
1981-1984
1985
1988
1987
1988-1991
1902+
13
12
6
3
2
1
0
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
82
74
66
58"
42
a 26
18
10
FIGURE 32a
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS H
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
'fre-1879
'1979-1980
82
74
-66
58
W
(B
&
i
.,
-26
18
10
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
13
12
11-
10
9-
_ 8-
CO
Q 7-
6-
5-
4-
3-
2
1-
0
FIGURE 32b
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
1961-1984
1985
1986
1987
1988-1991
1992+
13
-12
-11
-10
o *5l
9 w
h8
W
r§
6
w
3
2
1
0
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
88
80-
72-
64-
58-
CO
f*
40-
32-
24-
18-
8-
FIGURE 33
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
'Pre-1985
'1985+
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
88
-80
-72
84
48
CO
CO
CO
40
24
16
8
-------
19
171
15H
13H
CO
&
w
05
11-
«
7-
FIGURE 34
EVAPORATIVE DIURNAL RATES
MOTORCYCLES
Ambient 60 F to 84 F
Low Altitude
1985+
1982-1984
1980-1981
1978-1979
Pre-1978
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
19
17
15
CO
..
a co
»-^
s
w
.
Pi
D
B
-------
3.5-
3-
CO nm
g 2.5
8
i*
I
g 1.5
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 35
RUNNING LOSS EMISSIONS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1971
1971-1977
1978-1960
1981+
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
3.5
^^
I
CO
CO
-2 W
CO
CO
s
-0.5
-------
FIGURE 36
r r^TTm RUNNING LOSS EMISSIONS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
a
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
3.5-
3-
I"
§ te
CO
0.5
FIGURE 37
RUNNING LOSS EMISSIONS
UGHT DUTY GASOUNE POWERED TRUCKS II
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1979
1979-1980
1981+
3.5
-3
"1
CO
CO
(I
-2 W
CO
CO
3
,
-0.5
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-------
3.5-
3-
I"
8
i
1
g
HH
2
55
§
2-
1.5-
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 38
RUNNING LOSS EMISSIONS
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
At Ambient temperature of 82.0 F
Low Altitude
Pre-1985
1965+
8 9 10 11 12
FUEL VOLATILITY (psi RVP)
-3.5
CO
CO
-2 . W
CO
3
-1.5 S
-0.5
-------
FIGURE 39a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
6-
8
5-
£
3 4-
H
i>-
GO
1-
1973-1074
I
t
1988-1969 1
1972,75-76
Pre-1966
1970-1971
1970
Pre-1968,71
1972
1968-1969
1975-1976
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
-6
8
4
-8
2
PH
CO
-1
-------
FIGURE 39b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low-Altitude
10
§
W
i
9-
8-
7-
6-
5-
4-
&4
OT 3H
2-
1983-1984
1985
1986-1987
1988
1989-1991
1977-1982
1992+
10
1977+
20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
so
10
9
8
i
g
-3
-2
-1
-------
FIGURE 40a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
a
7-
8-
8
ti
§
W
fi*:
w
«
§
w
PH
CO
1969-1970
1973-1974
1971
1972
1968
Pre-1968
1975-1976
Pre-1968
1968
1972,75-76
1969-71.73-74
8
-7
-6
i
H
§
O
PU
CO
-2
-1
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (ttPH)
50
-------
i
fi
CO
FIGURE 40b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
9
8-
7-
8-
ll
1977-1979
1983-1984
1981-1982
1980,1985
1977+
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
9
-8
7
6
"I
w
1-4 I
u
-3
-2
-1
Ou
CO
-------
8
I
c
§
FIGURE 41a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5-
i-
0.5
Pre-1968 \
1068
1972
1971
1969
1970
1975-1976
1973-1974
1975-1976
1972
Pre-1968
1973-1974
1970-1971
1968
1969
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
1.5
1
W
«
§
o
PH
CO
0.5
-------
FIGURE 41b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.6 H
as
f
I
P?
OH
CO
0.5 H
1980-1982
1986+
1983-1965
1977-1979
1977-1979
1980-1982
1983-1985
1986+
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
1.5
>^
o
I
hO.5
-------
FIGURE 42a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
6-
2-
1973-1974
1968-1969
1972
1975-1978
Pre-1968
im
1970
Pre-1968
1968,69,71,72
1975-1978
1973-1974
6
5
8
tt
"8
Q
W
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
-------
FIGURE 42b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
9
8-
7-
6-
S '
CO
1-
1986
1987-1989
1990+
1979-1985
1979+
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
9
8
'I
5§
U
«
*8
O
CO
-2
-1
-------
FIGURE 43a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
8
7-
6H
I
i-H
W
«
I
4-
3-
a
CO
1-
1969-1970
1973-1974
1971
1972
1968
Pre-1968
1975-1978
Pre-1968
1968,1972
1975-1978
1973-1974
1969-1971
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
8
7
-6
3
I
i
g
u
Q
w
w
OH
-2
-1
-------
FIGURE 43b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
9
8
8-
7-
6-
5-
w
05
2-
1-
1979-1980
1981-1985
1986
1987
1988
1989-1991
1992+
10
1979+
20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
9
-8
-7
-6
8
fc
68
B
w
05
O
Q
CO
2
-1
-------
FIGURE 44a
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5 H
w
«
§
^
^
§5
i-
0.5
Pre-1968
1968
1972
1971
1969
1970
1975-1978
1973-1974
1975-1978
1972
Pre-1968
1973-1974
m
1968
1969
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
h!5
8
a
I
8
U
CO
hO.5
-------
w
I
o
g
a
CO
FIGURE 44b
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5-
1-
0,5-
1981-1985
1986+
1979-1980
1979-1980
1981-1965
1966+
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
1.5
I
-i B
g
w
a.
CO
0.5
-------
FIGURE 45
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
9
8-
7-
6-
1°-
i
I <
o
O,
CO
3-
1986
1967
1968+
1979-1965
1974-1978
1970-1973
Pre-1970
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1979+
1Q7A-197B
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
9
8
-7
6
g
5 I
s
. «
u
Q
W
CO
-3
-1
-------
8
I
3
o
o
fi
CO
FIGURE 46
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
9
8-
7-
6-
4-
1979-1980
1970-1973
1974-1978
1981-1985
Pre-1970
1988
1967
1988-1991
1992+
Pre-1970
1970+
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
so
9
8
"
K
-a
w
tt
g
Q
W
CO
2
1
-------
g
w
«
I
i
FIGURE 47
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5-
0.5
1981-1965
Pre-1970
1986+
1979-1980
1970-1973
1974-1978
Pre-1970
1974-1978
1979-1980
1970-1973
1961-1965
1986+
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
1.5
-1
w
«
g
u
Q
W
w
PU
CO
-0.5
-------
3.5-
3-
2.5-
§
I
g 1.5-
£
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 48
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
ALL POLLUTANTS
Low Altitude
HC
CO
NOz
NOz
CO
HC
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
h3.5
-2.5
-2
I
05
-1.5
CO
-1
-0.5
-------
FIGURE 49
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
ALL POLLUTANTS
Low Altitude
3.5-
3.5
CO
3-
8
I
B
8
O,
CO
2-
1.5-
0.5
HC
NOx
NOx
CO
HC
-2.5
i
-2
§
o
.5 g
w
PU
CO
-1
-0.5
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
-------
3.5-
3-
I
B
§
1.5-
CO
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 50
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL POWERED TRUCKS
ALL POLLUTANTS
Low Altitude
CO
HC
NOz
NOx
CO
HC
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
-3.5
-3
g
I
-2
§
o
1.5 9
PH
CO
-1
-0.5
-------
3.5-
3-
1
I
8
1.5
K
CO
1-
0.5
FIGURE 51
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES
ALL POLLUTANTS
Low Altitude
CO
HC
NOz
NOz
CO
HC
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
3.5
g
I
-B
g
1.5
W
W
a*
CO
hi
-0.5
-------
6
5,5-
5-
4.5-
4-
3S
3-
i
8
§
1
1.5-
1-
0.5-
0
1978-1979
Pre-1978
1980+
FIGURE 52
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
Pre-1978.198(
1978-1979
6
5.5
-5
-4.5
-3
2.5
i
-1.5
-I-
-0.5
50
-------
a
7-
8-
5-
I,
O
OH
CO
3-
1978-1979
1960+
Pre-1978
FIGURE 53
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
CARBON MpNOXIDE
Low Altitude
10 20 30 40
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
50
8
7
-6
5
8
-3
w
w
DH
CO
2
1
-------
1.5-
1
5 i-
§
cu
en
0.5-
Pre-1978
1978+
FIGURE 54
SPEED CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
10 20 30 40 50
VEHICLE SPEED (MPH)
-1.5
i
-i
-0.5
-------
17-
16
15
14
12-
E10.
|
§3 7H
£
4-
3-
2
1-
FIGURE 55
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1983
1984
1981^
1985-V
1982^
1988
1987-3!.
1989^
1988-7
1980-»
1990
1991^*
1988-198
1992+
1975-1979
1970-1974
Pre-1988>
10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 56
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1961-1962
1984-1969
1990+
1966-1969
Pre-1968
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
W
OS
g
tt
2
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.5-
1.4-
1.3-
1-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6
0.5
FIGURE 57
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1981-1982
1964-1990
1991+
1983
1980
1975-1979
Pre-1968
1968-1969
1970-1971
1972-1974
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
"1
1.5 ^
W
i 3 «
g
tt
1.1 D
SI
.1 OH
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
70
-------
FIGURE 58a
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
0 10 80 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 58b
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
100
90-
80-
70-
60-
50-
40-
30-
20
10-
1983-1984
100
90
-80
70
-60
-50
40
30
-20
-10
W
O
§
10 80 30 40 60 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
70
-------
FIGURE 59
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
3.5-
3.5
g 3H
&
2.5-
8 a-
u
1.5-
1986-1990
1991+
1984-1985
1981-1982
1983
1980
1975-1979
1970-1971
1968-1969
1972-1974
Pre-1966
H3 g
a
3.5 §
1
tt
* g
U
w
Qi
1.5 §3
0.5
-0.5
10
ao ao
40
50 00
70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 60
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
2.5-
i
£
2-
W
1.5-
1-
0.5
1981-1982
1983+
1980
1975-1979
Pr«-1968
1968-1971
1972-1974
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
-2.5
1.5
1
i
i
OS
i
i
0.5
-------
s
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.5-
1.4-
1.3-
1.2-
1.1-
1-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6-
0.5-
FIGURE 61
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1977-1979
1982
1981
1983+
1980
1968-1972
Pr«-1968
1975-1976
1973-19?*
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5 &*
g
l.3
W
«
8
w
1.1 D
1 «
1 W
0.9 g
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 62
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
2.2
2-
§
1.8 -\
1.6-
W
OS
1.4-
1.21
1983
1964
Pre-1968
1985
1986
1981,1967
1982.88-89
1977-1979
1990
1980,1991
1968-72.92+
1973-1974
1976-1976
10 20 30 40 60 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
70
-------
2.2
2-
pS 1.8-
1.8-
1.4-
1.2-
FIGURE 63
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1983-1984
1967
1986-x,
1989
199
1991-v
Pre-1966-*
1992+
1966-1972
1977-1979
1980
1973-1974
1976-1976
10 20 30 40 50 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
70
2.2
-2
g
1.8 fc
i
-1.6
1.4
W
G5
I
W
«
D
S3
«
^
Ok
2
w
H
1.2
-------
g
1
13
12
11-
8 *
1'
w 5
QU
3
2
1
FIGURE 64
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1986
1984
1965
1987^
1988
1989^*
1990-1991
1992+
1961-1983
1968-1969
1975-1980
1972-1974°!
1970-1971^
Pre-1968
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
13
12
11
iog
9SS
s
-8
g
S!
a
cu
-3
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
8 1.5
1.4-
1.3-
1.2
1.1
FIGURE 65
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1988-1989
1975-1980
1987,1990+
1985
1984
1981-1983
1986
1968-1969
Pr«-1968
1970-1971
1972-1974
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
2
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.5-
1.4-
1.3-
8 1.2-
W
I "
a i-
0.9-
0.8-
0.8
0.5
FIGURE 66
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1984-1985
1988-1989
1990+
1967
1986
1981-1983
1975-1980
Pre-1968
1968-1969
1970-1971
1972-1974
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6 S
1.5
1.4
-a
OS
0.9 p
I
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 67a
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1968-1069
1970-1971
10 20 30 40 60 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 67b
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
100
o
§
90-
80-
70
60-
50 H
40-
30-
20
io
1984
1985
1981-1983
1986
1987-1989
1990-1991
1992+
100
-90
heo
-70
heo
-50 Pm
O
§
I
-40
-30
-20
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
3.5-
2.5-
o
w
«
2-
1.5-
0.5
FIGURE 68
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1988-1989
1002+
1990-1991
1987
1984-1985
1988
1981-1983
1975-1980
1970-1971
1968-1969
1972-1974
Pr*-19«8
10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
3.5
8
o
-1
0.5
-------
2.5
FIGURE 69
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
2.5
1984-1985
g
§
W
OS
o
w
05
1-
1986+
1981-1983
1975-1980
Pre-1968
1968-196*
1970-1971
1972-1974
I
§
W
«
1.5 g
U
0.5-
0.5
10
30
30
40
50 60
70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
2
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.4-
1.3-
1.2-
1.1-
1-
0.9-
0.8
0.7-
0.6-
0.6
FIGURE 70
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1979-1960
1966
1964
1986+
1981-1963
1968-1972
Pr«-1968
1976-1978
1973-1971
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
-1.5
§
"I
1.3 06
g
1.1 D
CU
1-0.9 j§
E-«
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
10 30 30 40 60 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
o
w
OS
1.9
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.5-
1.4-
1.3-
1.2-
1.1-
FIGURE 71
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 2 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1968
Pre-1968
1987
1984,88-89
1990-1991
1986,1992+
1979-1980
1981-1983
1966-1972
1973-197*
1975-1978
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 72
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 3 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1967-1989
1990+
1979-1980
1981-1983
10 30 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 73
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
la-
12-1
1986
1984
1985
1987
1988
1989
1990-1991
1992+
1981-1983
1970-1973
1979-1980
KSdffiT
s'
2-
1-
10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 74
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1988-1989
1979-1980
1990+
1987
1965
1984
1970-1973
Pre-1970
10 20 30 40 50 80
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
70
-------
§
2
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
1.5-
1.4-
W
8 "
8,2
W
ID 1.1-
I ';
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6-
0.5
FIGURE 75
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1984-1985
1988-1989
1967,1990+
1986
1981-1983
1979-1980
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1974-1978
-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.8
1.5
-1.4
1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
^0.7
-0.6
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 76a
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
10 20 30 40 50 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 76b
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
100
90-
80-
70-
60-
1
a son
o
I
03 40-
30-
20-
10-
1984
1965
1981-1983
1986
1967-1969
1990-1991
1992+
100
-90
-80
-70
-80
i
-40 CO
w
-30
-20
-10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 77
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS H
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
3.5-
8
B 3-
§
§
W
2.5-
2-
1.5
0.5
1988-1969
1992+
1987,90-91
1984-1985
1988
1981-1983
1979-1980
1974-1978
1970-1973
Pre-1970
10
20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
3.5
-2.5
W
tt
§
-2
IS
-1
0.5
-------
FIGURE 78
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS H
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
2.5
g 2H
W
tt
g 1.5
O
w
w
i-
0.5
1984-1985
1986+
1981-1983
1979-1980
Pre-1970
1970-1978
I I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
2.5
-2
-1.5 5
0.5
-------
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1"
S 1.5-1
I ,
C 1.4-
« 1.3-
W
K
D
1.2-
1-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
0.6-
0.5
FIGURE 79
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 1 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1979-1960
1984-1985
1986+
1981-1983
1970-1973
Pre-1970
1974-1978
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
-1.5
§
i 3
g
-1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
-------
FIGURE 80
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 2 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
s
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
1.6-
tt
g 1.5
O
w
05
D 1.4
w
1.2-
1.1-
1986
Pre-1970
1987
1984,88-89
1985,90-91
1992+
1979-1980
1981-1983
1970-1973
1974-1978
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
1.9
-1.8
1.6
§
£
O
1.5 §
O
13
«
w
l.3 CU
-1.2
1.1
-------
2.2-
2-
8
§
1.8-
g 1.6
O
w
1.4-
PU
I
1.2-
FIGURE 81
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS II
BAG 3 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1966
1984-1985
1987-1969
1990+
Pre-1970
1970-1973
1979-1980
1981-1983
1974-1976
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 82
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
10 20 30 40 50 00
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
1.9
FIGURE 83
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1.9
1.8-
« L7~
1
&« 1.6 H
IH
W 1.5-1
«
g
O
W 1.4-I
D
S 1.3 H
1.2-
1.1-
1984
1.8
1965+
1970-1973
1974-1976
Pre-1970
1979-1983
-1.6
1.5
g
i
g
«
g
u
1.4 W
P
1-3 g
-1.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 84
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
HEAVY DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.9
8
5
1.8-
1.7-
1.6 -
W 1.S-
8
1.4 H
1.3-
1.2-
Pre-1970
1984
1970-1973
1986+
1974-1978
1979-1983
10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
1.9
1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5
1.4
-1.3
-1.2
1.1
W
t--
-------
FIGURE 85
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
6.5-
6-
5.5-
5-
1978-1979
§
1980+
Pre-1978
G 4-6'
W
i .
U
w
|«4
2.5-
1.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-6.5
-6
-5.5 g
-5
4.5 G
-4 g
CJ
W
L"1
"3 S
-2.5
1.5
-------
1.5
FIGURE 86
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1.5
1.4-
1-1.4
I
tt,
§
I
w
«
1.3-
1978-1079
1.2-
Pre-1978
LI-
MBO*
10 20 30 40 50 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
II
70
I
§
1.3 g:
o
u
w
1.2 D
1.1
-------
FIGURE 87
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1.5
1.4-
1.3-
1
u-
u
«
§
P 0.9-^
0.8-
0.7-
0.6*
0.5
Pre-1978
1978-1979
1980+ -*
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
1.5
1.4
-1.3
§
LUg
g
B
W
1.1
-i §
w
-0.9
w
-0.8 OH
W
H
-0.7
-0.6
0.5
-------
FIGURE 88
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1978-1979
1980+
4.5-
4-
ES
§ 3.5 H
W
I
w
3-
Pre-1978
2.5-
PU
2-
1.5-
III I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3 g
-2.5 I
tf
|
-« I
-1.5
-------
1.9-
1.8-
1.7-
I "H
§
1.6-
1.4-1
w
|,3H
1-
0.9-
0.8-
0.7
0.6
0.5
FIGURE 89
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1980+
1978-1979
Pre-1978
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
2
1.9
1.8
'1
1.5 fe
»«
1.4
c_,
s
K
g
W
tt
1.1 P
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
-------
FIGURE 90
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1.5
1.4-
1.3-
1.2-
Q
g UH
w
05
I
w
OS
D 0.9 H
w
CL. 0.8 H
0.7-
0.6-
0.5
Pre-1978
1978-1979
1980+
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
rl.i
-i
H
. O
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
0.5
-------
FIGURE 91
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 1 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.2 I 1.2
g uj hug
H
q
\
a "
g Pr-
o o
ty Pre-1978
« «
t>
O.
g 0.9-1 hO. 9
c^
0.8 ' | i | i ! i | i | i | i | i | i | i | ' 0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
-------
FIGURE 92
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 2 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.9-
1.8-
§
05
8 i-M
o
w
ED 1.4-
os
w
CL, 1.3-
1.2-
1.1-
Pre-1978
1978+
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-1.9
1-1.8
I
§
1.6 g
w
«
1.5 g
U
1.4
ct:
D
sa
OS
1.3 DU
H
-1.2
1.1
-------
FIGURE 93
LOW TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
MOTORCYCLES
BAG 3 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.9-
1.8-
g
K
| ,
S 1.8 H
5
05
§ 1-51
O
w
P 1.4 H
L.3-
1.2-
1.1-
Pre-1978
1978+
-1.9
1.8
1.5 §
O
-1.4 S
I
W
1.3 OH
i 2
-1.1
10 20 30 40 50 80 70
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 94
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
^1980-1962,11.5 RVP
S
1.5-
1.5
1-
0.5
1980-1982, 9.0 RVP
1983+.11.5 RVP
1983+, 9.0 RVP
1972-197441.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1975-1979,11.5 RVP
1988-1989
Pre-1988/1975-79,9.0 RVP
-i
I
B
«
1
w
cu
X
w
0.5
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
2.5-
i
O
W
«
§
w
2-
1.5-
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 95
fflGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1075-1979,11.5 RVP
1975-1979, 9.0 RVP
1983-M1.5 RVP
1983+, 9.0 RVP
1980-1982,11.5 RVP
1972-74,11.5 RVP/80-82,9.0 RVP
1968-1969
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
Pre-1968
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
-2.5
-2
1.5
§
H
1
g
o
H
Pi
-1
60 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
0.5
-------
FIGURE 96
fflGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
3.5
I
fc«
1
§
w
03
I
tf
w
2.5-1
1.5 H
1983+, 11.5 RVP
1975-1079,11.5 RVP
1980-1982,11.5 RVP
1975-1979, 9.0 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1983+.9.0RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1988-89/1980-82,9.0 RVP
Pre-1988
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
3.5
2.5
2 a,
w
1.5
-1
-------
FIGURE 97
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1980-1983,11.5 RVP
1983+416 RTF
1980-1982, 9.0 RVP
1983+. 9.0 RTF
1978-1974,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
Pre-1968
1976-1979,11.5 RVP
1970-1971.11.5 RVP
1976-1979, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1968-1969
1.5 g
ti
I
1
W
tt
8
OH
w
PU
2
0.5 §2
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
6.5
8
tt
8-
5.5-
5-
I
3.5-
3-
2.5-
2-
1.5-
FIGURE 98
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
UGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1975-1979,11.5 RVP
1975-1979, 9.0 RVP
1983+.11.5 RVP
1978-1974,11.5 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1980-1982,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971. 9.0 RVP
1980+, 9.0 RVP
1988-1989
Pre-1988
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
6.5
h6
5.5
,1
i
4.5
3.5
1
ED
1
W
2.5
1.5
-------
FIGURE 99
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1983+.11.5 RVP
1975-1979,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RYP
1968-1969
1983+, 9.0 RVP
1980-1962, 9.0 RVP
Pre-1968
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
8
S
I
8B
S
u
I
-2
-------
1.5-
FIGURE 100
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 1 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5
1
i
i
£
w
«
8
ou
3
w
H
1-
0.5-
Pre-1968
1983+.11.5 RVP
1980-1982/1983, 9.0 RVP
1988-1972
1975-1978
1973-1974
1977-1979
i as
i
w
OS
§
o
0.5 g
PH
S
w
H
80
90
100
110
120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
1.5-
FIGURE 101
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 2 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5
S$ H
§
w
tt
g
CJ
w
tt
g 0.5-
1963+.U.5 RVP
1983+, 9.0 RVP
1980-1962, 9.0 RVP
1980-1982,11.5 RVP
Pre-1968,1975-1976
1968-1972
1973-1974
1977-1979
I
tt
I
W
OS
I
0.5
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 102
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED VEHICLES
BAG 3 - OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Low Altitude
1.5-
1.5
I
0.5 H
1980+
1975-1976
B
W
tt
g
o
1973-1974
1977-1979
1-0.5
w
0.
a
E-
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 103
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
4981-1985,11.5 RVP
1.5-
1-
0.5
1981-1985, 9.0 RVP
1986+.11.5 RVP
1988+, 9.0 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971.11.5 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1988-1989,
Pre-1988/1975-80,9.0 RVP
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
1.5
I
G*
1
6
W
K
I
D
9
w
0.5
-------
2.5-
!»
W
I
w
1.5-
i
1-
0.5-
FIGURE 104
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 2 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1975-1980, 9.0 RVP
1966+.11.5 RVP
1986+. 9.0 RVP
1981-1985,11.5 RVP
1972-1974.11.5 RVP
1968-89/1981-86.9.0 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
Pre-1988
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-2.5
6
W
tt
g
.o,
-1.5
0.5
-------
3.5
FIGURE 105
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 3 - HYDROCARBONS
Low Altitude
3.5
3H
1
§
H 2.5-
S
o
w
0=5
2-
1.5-
1986+.11.5 RVP
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1981-1985.11.5 RVP
1975-1980, 9.0 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1988+. 9.0 RVP
1970-1971. 9.0 RVP
1988-89/1981-85,9.0 RVP
Pre-1988
§
ug
W
05
-2
w
tt
E3
5*
1.5
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
g 1.5
ti
§
w
w
W
ES
FIGURE 106
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 1 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1961-1985,11.5 RVP
1986+.11.5 RVP
1981-1985, 9.0 RVP
1986+, 9.0 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RYP
Pre-1968
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1975-1980, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1968-1969
80 90 100 110
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
120
1.5
8
D
0.5
-------
6.5-
6-
g 5.5
5-
w
I-
H
g 3.e
2-5-
2
1.5
FIGURE 107
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 2 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1975-1980, 9.0 RVP
1966+.11.5 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1970-1971,11.5 RVP
1981-1985,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1981+, 9.0 RVP
1988-1989
Pre-1968
6.5
6
5.5 g
-5 as
4.5
-4 g
o
-3.5 I
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
80 90 100 110 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
-------
FIGURE 108
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS
LIGHT DUTY GASOLINE POWERED TRUCKS I
BAG 3 - CARBON MONOXIDE
Low Altitude
1986+.11.5 RVP
1975-1980,11.5 RVP
1970-1071,11.5 RVP
1975-1980, 9.0 RVP
1972-1974,11.5 RVP
1970-1971, 9.0 RVP
1981-1986,11.5 RVP
1972-1974, 9.0 RVP
1988-1989
1988+, 9.0 RVP
1981-1985, 9.0 RVP
Pre-1988
8
-7
g
6 g
|