ORNL
Oak Ridge
National
Laboratory
Operated by
Union Carbide Corporation for the
Department of Energy
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
ORNL/EIS-149
cxEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Toxic
Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA-560/2-78-007
CADMIUM IN FOODS:
A Review of the World's Literature
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ORNL/EIS-149
EPA-560/2-78-007
February 1979
Contract No. W-7405-eng-26
CADMIUM IN FOODS: A REVIEW OF THE WORLD'S LITERATURE
by
John S. Drury and Anna S. Haimnons
Health and Environmental Studies Program
Information Center Complex/Information Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Work sponsored by
Office of Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
under Interagency Agreement No. D6-0151
Project Officer
Charles M. Auer
February 1979
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
operated by
UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency
of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor
any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors,
or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, nor assumes any
legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use or the results
of such use of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in
this report, nor represents that its use by such third party would not
infringe privately owned rights.
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and poli-
cies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
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CONTENTS
Tables v
Preface vii
Abstract ix
1. Introduction ....... 1
2. Rationale for Data Selection 1
3. Cadmium in Foods 4
3.1 Description of Table Notations 4
3.2 Tabulated Values of Cadmium in Foods 6
3.3 Analytical Summary of Cadmium in Foods Data 6
4. Estimated Cadmium Intake from Foods 8
4.1 Tabulated Values of Cadmium Intake from Foods 8
4.2 Analytical Summary of Cadmium Intake Data 10
5. Analytical Methods 12
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 12
5.2 Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. .... 14
5.3 Spectrophotometric Colorimetry 15
5.4 Emission Spectroscopy 15
5.5 Neutron Activation Analysis 15
5.6 Mass Spectrometry 16
Appendix ........ 29
iii
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TABLES
1. Estimates of cadmium intake from foreign foods
2. Average and upper limit concentrations of cadmium in Total
Diet Study samples, 1968-1974
3. Typical concentrations of cadmium in selected foods from
uncontaminated areas 9
4. Estimates of cadmium intake from U.S. foods 10
5. Estimates of dietary intake of cadmium from single foods
by 15- to 20-year-old U.S. males 13
A.I. Cadmium in U.S. foods from uncontaminated areas, by
category and decreasing concentration 31
A.2. Cadmium in U.S. foods from uncontaminated areas,
alphabetical listing 81
A.3. Cadmium in U.S. foods from contaminated areas, by category
and decreasing concentration 131
A.4. Cadmium in U.S. foods from contaminated areas, alphabetical
listing 137
A.5. Cadmium in foreign foods from uncontaminated areas, by
category and decreasing concentration 145
A.6. Cadmium in foreign foods from uncontaminated areas,
alphabetical listing 211
A.7. Cadmium in foreign foods from contaminated areas, by
category and decreasing concentration 275
A.8. Cadmium in foreign foods from contaminated areas,
alphabetical listing 291
v
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PREFACE
This review is a product of the Health and Environmental Studies Pro-
gram, Information Center Complex, Information Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL). It was prepared for the Office of Toxic Substances,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in partial fulfillment of an
interagency agreement to review the occurrence of cadmium in foods. Most
of the approximately 150 cited references were collected during the first
quarter of 1978, but updating of some reference material occurred subse-
quent to the EPA review of the manuscript in October 1978.
The authors are indebted to Gerald U. Ulrikson, manager of the Infor-
mation Center Complex, for his continued support during the preparation
and revision of this review. The advice and support of Charles M. Auer,
EPA Project Officer, and the cooperation of the Toxicology Information
Response Center and the Energy and Environmental Response Center of the
Information Center Complex, Information Division, ORNL, are gratefully
acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Faye Fletcher for the
computer-produced section of this report, Maureen Hafford for editorial
assistance, and Donna Stokes and Ann Aaron, typists.
vii
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ABSTRACT
This document tabulates detailed information for most of the origi-
nal measurements of cadmium in foods published since 1940 and summarizes
estimates of dietary intake of cadmium in the United States and foreign
countries. Cadmium concentrations are indicated for about 1500 individual
foods listed alphabetically and by decreasing concentration within typical
food categories. Separate compilations are provided for foods originat-
ing in contaminated and uncontaminated areas and for domestic and foreign
products. Most foods contained low concentrations of cadmium, generally
less than 0.050 mg/kg, wet weight. Concentrations of cadmium were great-
est in shellfish, leafy vegetables, potatoes, grain and cereal products,
and selected animal organs, particularly kidneys and liver. The use of
cadmium-containing phosphate fertilizers increased the concentration of
cadmium in some, but not all, plant foods. Diets chosen exclusively from
foods produced near point sources, or from highly contaminated soils, put
users at great risk of exceeding recommended intake levels. No clear pat-
tern of concentration differences could be discerned in foods produced in
areas distant from point sources. Although annual increases of cadmium in
successive crops of certain plant foods were documented, no temporal trend
of increasing cadmium concentrations in food is apparent in the tabulated
data, nor is there a perceptible increase in the cadmium content of foods
due to canning or other food-processing operations. Estimates of dietary
intake of cadmium vary widely. Based on the tabulated data, the average
daily U.S. dietary intake appears to lie within the range 30 to 50 yg.
This estimate is higher than values reported for several western European
countries, but is lower than some Japanese and Canadian values. The esti-
mated U.S. daily dietary intake of 30 to 50 yg is 42% to 88% of the recom-
mended total tolerable limit of 400 to 500 ug per week and leaves little
room for intake from other environmental or occupational sources. The
principal nondietary, environmental exposure to cadmium occurs through
tobacco smoking. Excessive cigarette smoking can contribute as much, or
more, cadmium as dietary sources. It thus appears entirely feasible for
residents of polluted areas or for urban dwellers who are habitual eaters
of cadmium-rich food and are heavy smokers to approach or exceed the recom-
mended total tolerable limit of 400 to 500 pg of cadmium per week. Accord-
ingly, every reasonable effort should be made to limit further increases
of cadmium in the environment. With respect to agricultural soils, such
a policy implies careful control of the use of fertilizers and sludges
that contain high concentrations of cadmium. Recommended safety precau-
tions for farm soils containing hazardous levels of cadmium include immo-
bilizing cadmium in acid soils by addition of lime and selection of crops
known to absorb minimal amounts of cadmium.
IX
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1. INTRODUCTION
Cadmium is one of the rarer elements in nature, ranking 66th among
those in the earth's crust; nevertheless, it is widely distributed in
continental rocks, and low concentrations of the element commonly occur
in air, soil, marine and fresh waters, and the biosphere (Fassett, 1975).
Excessive accumulation of cadmium in man, either by acute intoxica-
tion or prolonged exposure to low concentrations, results in a variety
of maladies ranging from gastroenteritis to renal tubular dysfunction
(Buell, 1975; Perry et al., 1976). The acute toxic properties of cadmium
were first observed more than 100 years ago, but deleterious effects of
chronic exposures to low concentrations of the element have been exten-
sively documented only during the last 30 years (Friberg, 1948; Friberg,
1950; Tsuchiya, 1969; Yamagata and Shigematsu, 1970; Fleischer et al.,
1974; Friberg et al., 1974; Friberg et al., 1977).
It is now generally accepted that food constitutes the principal envi-
ronmental source of cadmium for the nonsmoking human population (Fleischer
et al., 1974). Dependable estimates of cadmium in individual foods and
selected classes of foods are thus essential for reliable determinations of
cadmium intake. However, published values of the cadmium content may be
influenced by plant type, soil conditions, type and amount of fertilizer,
insecticide or fungicide used, and the extent of contamination from exter-
nal sources (Allaway, 1968; Friberg et al., 1975). Similarly, cadmium in
foods derived from animals may vary with animal type and tissues, food
consumed by the animal, and extent of external contamination of the animal
and its food. In addition, published values of cadmium in food depend on
sample preparation, analytical method, and expertise of the analyst. Only
rarely is all of the relevant information included when summaries of the
cadmium content of foods are published. This document attempts to remedy
this deficiency by summarizing available information concerning the con-
centration of cadmium in foods so that better estimates can be made of
the daily human intake of cadmium in the United States. Data are reported
from most of the pertinent papers published since 1940. The survey has
been limited to original measurements obtained under field conditions;
pot studies performed in greenhouses and research experiments involving
deliberately added contaminants are not included.
2. RATIONALE FOR DATA SELECTION
The literature was surveyed extensively to locate papers describing
primary measurements of cadmium in foods. Chemical Abstracts and Biolog-
ical Abstracts were manually searched for appropriate papers published
between 1940 and 1971, and 1940 to 1970, respectively. Computerized data
bases were searched for recent literature. These included: Chemical-
Biological Activities (CBAC), from 1965; Abstracts on Health Effects of
Environmental Pollutants, from 1972; International Pharmaceutical Abstracts,
from 1970; the National Library of Medicine's Toxicity Bibliography, from
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1968; Hayes File on Pesticides and Pesticides Abstracts, from 1966; Envi-
ronmental Mutagen Information Center files, from 1968; Toxic Materials
Information Center files, from 1971; Environmental Teratology Center files,
from 1971 to 1974; Teratology files (TERA), from 1971 to 1974; Chemical
Abstracts, odd issues, from 1972; Biological Abstracts, from 1971; Bio-
Research Index, from 1971; Government Records Abstracts, from 1972; Energy
Data Base, from 1976; Nuclear Science Abstracts, from 1967 to 1976; Nation-
al Technical Information Service, from 1970; Agricola, from 1970; and Food
Science and Technology Abstracts, from 1969.
Not all the data resulting from these searches were included in this
report. Many references, primarily descriptions of analytical techniques
for determining cadmium in food, did not adequately characterize the food
samples. Other publications, particularly reviews, pooled data from many
sources without indicating the basis on which the summaries were made. In
several studies the reported concentrations were systematically greater
than well-established values for comparable samples. These abnormal data
were considered to result from analytical difficulties and were not in-
cluded among the tabulated values (Van Loon, 1975). In a few instances,
potentially interesting data were not included because the full text of
the paper could not be obtained in time. Despite these omissions, the var-
ious tables contain a sufficient diversity of sample types, sample sources,
analytical techniques, and analysts to ensure a reasonable measure of con-
fidence in the average concentration of cadmium cited for each food type,
as well as for the estimates of average intake.
References excluded from this review because of suspected analytical
difficulties include Schroeder et al., 1967; Tipton and Stewart, 1970;
Murthy et al., 1971; Rodriquez, 1973; Chellapan et al., 1976; and Kropf and
Geldmacher-v. Mallinckrodt, 1968. In the first three studies, cadmium was
determined by atomic absorption spectrometry before it was generally known
that sodium chloride biased results obtained by this technique. Accord-
ingly, these investigators did not eliminate this interference from process
samples prior to analysis; presumably, abnormally high results were obtained
as a consequence. A cadmium extraction step is now considered standard
practice by experienced analysts when similar samples are analyzed by atomic
absorption spectrometry (Friberg et al., 1974, p. 5). Rodriquez (1973) and
Chellapan et al. (1976) used instrumental neutron activation techniques to
determine cadmium in typical Puerto Rican diets. Their results exceed com-
monly accepted values by factors of six to ten, possibly because of unde-
tected interferences or calibration problems. Whatever the cause, the data
require substantiation by a different analytical technique and independent
analysts before acceptance. The data of Kropf and Geldmacher-v. Mallinckrodt
(1968) were obtained by the spectrographic method; their data average two
to six times generally accepted values.
Hamilton and Minski (1973) estimated a daily dietary intake of 64 +
30 yg cadmium for U.K. citizens during 1966-1967. This value is about
twice that found by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in
1973 (Table 1). The estimate was apparently obtained by mass spectrometry
without benefit of relative sensitivity corrections. In the absence of
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Table 1. Estimates of cadmium intake from foreign foods
Country
Estimated
„ cadmium
Year
intake
(ug/day)
Analytical
, , Comments
method
Reference
Canada
Canada
Czechoslovakia
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
New Zealand
Rumania
Sweden
United Kingdom
1969
85
1970-1971 67
[] 60
[] 47
1972 31
1966 59
1966 215
[] 21
[] 38-64
[] 10-13
1971-1972 15-35
MS
MS
Sp or MS
or AAS
MS
AAS
Sp
NT
West Germany
48
MS
Calculated from analyses of 12 Somers, 1971
categories of composited food,
prepared as for eating, assum-
ing a typical Canadian diet of
1800 g per day.
Calculated for diet of 1800 g food Kirkpatrick and
per day. Coffin, 1974
Calculated from analyses of foods Lener and Bibr,
by authors and by Schroeder et 1970
al. (1967), assuming typical
Czechoslovakian diet. Some
assumed analytical values are
probably too high.
Based on National Nutrition Census Fukushima, 1973
and subsequent chemical analysis (as cited in
of indicated foods. Total intake Friberg et al.
obtained by calculation. 1974)
Duplicate family meals (one day) Yamagata and
were analyzed directly. Daily Iwashima,
intake throughout Japan ranged 1975
from 3 to 149 yg.
Based on National Nutrition Census Yamagata and
and subsequent chemical analysis Shigematsu,
of indicated food. Total intake 1970
obtained by calculation; nonpol-
luted area.
Based on National Nutrition Census Yamagata and
and subsequent chemical analysis Shigematsu,
of indicated food. Total intake 1970
obtained by calculation; polluted
area'.
Average intake by 11 women. Ini- Guthrie, 1973
tially reported as 48 (range 21-
104) ug per day, but reduced to
21 (range 7-76) after correction
for background effects.
Calculated from chemical analyses of Rautu and
individual foods and an assumed Sporn, 1970
average food ration. Maximum
estimated daily intake varied
from 103 to 176 ug.
Estimate based on direct analysis Wester, 1974
of duplicate meals supplied to
four test subjects confined in
a metabolic ward for five-day
intervals.
Based on analyses of Total Diet sam- Ministry of
pies and an assumed daily intake Agriculture,
of 1.5 kg of food. Includes in- Fisheries,
take from beverages. Lower limit and Food,
of range assumes value of zero 1973
for samples containing less than
0.01 mg/kg cadmium; upper limit
of range assumes value of 0.01
mg/kg cadmium for samples con-
taining less than 0.01 mg/kg
cadmium.
Estimate based on chemical analysis Essing et al.,
of 17 food categories and average 1969
per capita consumption of various
types of food.
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data needed for a critical evaluation of the Hamilton and Minski determina-
tion, and in view of its substantial divergence from the well-established
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food estimate, the value was not
included in Table 1.
3. CADMIUM IN FOODS
The data on cadmium in foods are presented in tables which classify
the information according to sample origin (United States or foreign) and
extent of contamination of the soil in which the food originated (normal
or contaminated). Two variations of each tabulation are shown, one with
entries ordered by decreasing concentration of cadmium within each food
category, the other with foods arranged alphabetically.
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF TABLE NOTATIONS
Foods in each table are classified into broad food categories speci-
fied in the Total Diet Study program (Duggan and McFarland, 1967; Hopkins,
1975) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): dairy products; meat,
fish, and poultry; grain and cereal; potatoes; leafy vegetables; root veg-
etables; legume vegetables; garden fruits; fruits; oils, fats, and short-
ening; sugars and adjuncts; and beverages. This system of classification
was chosen for convenience and to take advantage of the numerous, precise
FDA analyses which have been accumulated under these designations on a
continuing basis since 1967. The individual foods comprising the 12
Total Diet Study categories are as follows:
• Dairy products (category 1) — fresh, evaporated, and nonfat
milk; ice cream; cottage cheese; processed cheese; natural
cheese; butter; margarine
• Meat, fish, poultry (category 2) — lamb or mutton; roast
beef; ground beef; pork chops; cured pork sausage; bacon;
fresh or frozen eviscerated chicken; fresh or frozen fish
fillet; canned tuna or salmon; luncheon meat; frankfurters;
beef liver; eggs
• Grain and cereal (category 3) — general purpose and self-
rising flour; pancake mix; corn flakes; shredded wheat or
wheat cereal; rice, rice flakes, or puffed rice; oatmeal;
corn meal; elbow macaroni; enriched and unenriched white
bread; Italian-style bread; whole wheat bread; sweet rolls;
doughnuts; saltines; plain cookies; frankfurter rolls;
graham crackers; pie crust; cake; raw, canned, and frozen
corn
• Potatoes (category 4) — baked, boiled, and fried white
potatoes; potato chips; fresh or canned sweet potatoes
or yams
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• Leafy vegetables (category 5) — raw and canned beet tops;
collards, mustard and spinach; frozen spinach; raw celery;
raw and boiled cabbage; fresh and frozen broccoli; fresh,
frozen, and canned asparagus; raw and canned mushrooms;
raw and frozen cauliflower
• Legume vegetables (category 6) — raw, frozen, and canned
peas; green beans; lima beans; canned pork and beans
• Root vegetables (category 7) — canned and raw carrots; raw
and boiled onions; raw and canned beets (without tops); raw
turnips (without tops); raw rutabaga
• Garden fruits (category 8) — raw pepper; fresh and canned
tomatoes; catsup; raw cucumber; raw eggplant; raw and frozen
summer squash
• Fruits (category 9) — fruit filling from pie; fresh oranges;
canned and frozen orange juice; bananas; raisins; fresh and
canned peaches; fresh and canned apples; fresh or frozen
strawberries; raw or canned apricots; raw, canned, or frozen
cherries; raw grapes; raw and canned pears; raw, canned, and
frozen pineapple; raw and canned plums; raw or frozen rhubarb
(without tops); raw watermelon
• Oils, fats, shortening (category 10) — French salad dressing;
mayonnaise; salad oil; shortening; peanut butter
• Sugars and adjuncts (category 11) — white sugar; jam or jelly;
pudding mix; blended syrup; molasses; candy bar; baking powder;
salt; cider vinegar
• Beverages (category 12) — tea leaves; cocoa; drinking water;
ground coffee; soft drinks
Literature data for foods which do not fit any of the indicated Total
Diet Study categories were tabulated in a miscellaneous category labeled
Other.
The method by which a food is processed may influence the amount of
cadmium contained in a sample and, hence, the amount ultimately reported
for that food type. The processing method for each tabulated food is
indicated by a letter or symbol immediately following the food name. R
denotes raw or fresh; C, canned; F, frozen; and [], not reported. Other
methods of preparation are denoted by 0 and are described more fully in
the comments column.
Unless otherwise noted, the mean concentration of cadmium is reported
as milligram or kilogram of sample, wet weight. This numerical value is
equivalent to microgram per gram or parts per million. Generally, the mean
was obtained by assigning a value of 0 to samples containing less than
detectable quantities of cadmium. For cadmium, this procedure results in
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only a very slight underestimation of the total daily intake (Mahaffey et
al., 1975). Means marked with an asterisk (*) denote samples associated
with cadmium-containing phosphate fertilizer. In some instances, samples
are oven-dried to a constant weight before analysis. Such data are desig-
nated by the notation, dry basis. When available, the number of samples
and concentration range are also indicated. In sample sets containing one
or more assays below the limit of detection, the lower limit of the range
is usually given as the limit of detection of the analytical method. In
certain instances when the limit of detection was unspecified, the lower
limit of the range is indicated as zero.
The various analytical techniques used to determine cadmium in foods
are indicated in the tables by letter symbols. Thus, AAS denotes atomic
absorption spectrometry; ES, emission spectrometry; NT, neutron activation;
MS, mass spectrometry; P, electrochemical techniques including polarography
and anodic stripping voltammetry; and Sp, spectrophotometry. The detection
limit of the method in parts per million is recorded immediately following
the symbol for the analytical method.
Since the cadmium content of foods may vary with time as well as
geographical region, the place and date of sampling are recorded. When
appropriate, comments explaining or augmenting the tabular data are in-
cluded. The last column also indicates the original literature source.
Throughout the tables, absence of information in the original report is
indicated by the use of brackets.
3.2 TABULATED VALUES OF CADMIUM IN FOODS
Measured values of cadmium in U.S. and foreign foods are presented
in Tables A.1-A.4 and A.5-A.8, respectively. Foods from uncontaminated
areas are listed by decreasing cadmium concentration in Tables A.I and
A.5, and alphabetically by food names in Tables A.2 and A.6. Similar
data for foods from contaminated areas are given in Tables A.3 and A.7,
and A.4 and A.8, respectively. (See Appendix for Tables A.1-A.8.)
3.3 ANALYTICAL SUMMARY OF CADMIUM IN FOODS DATA
As in any large compilation of analytical data from diverse sources,
instances of conflicting analyses are apparent in the tabulated data.
Despite these irregularities, however, the tabulated data provide a basis
for several general conclusions. Because of its almost universal presence
in soils, cadmium is a common constituent of foods. In most foods the
concentration is relatively low, less than 0.050 mg/kg, wet weight. Con-
centrations are greatest in shellfish, leafy vegetables, potatoes, grain
and cereal products, and selected animal organs, particularly the kidney
and the liver. Concentrations are greater for some, but not all, plant
foods grown with cadmium-containing phosphate fertilizers and in soils
containing moderately higher-than-normal levels of cadmium. Foods derived
from plants grown near point sources or in highly contaminated soil gener-
ally contain high concentrations of the element. Point sources, such as
nonferrous metal smelters, usually contaminate nearby crops more severely
than the use of cadmium-containing phosphate fertilizers on crops grown in
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otherwise unpolluted soil. Nevertheless, the continued use of phosphate
fertilizers, especially cadmium-rich western rock phosphate and cadmium-
containing sludges, gives rise to serious concern about long-range cad-
mium buildup on agricultural soils. Diets chosen exclusively from foods
produced in areas near point sources or in highly contaminated soils put
users at great risk of exceeding recommended intake levels; however, no
clear pattern of regional differences in concentration is apparent in
foods produced in areas distant from point sources. Some observers have
reported annual increases of cadmium in successive crops of certain plant
foods, attributable to repeated or increased use of cadmium-containing
fertilizers (Kjellstrom et al., 1975). This effect is not apparent in
the data summarized here, nor is there a discernable increase in the cad-
mium content of foods due to canning or other food-processing operations.
The latter observation supports a similar conclusion by Jelinek et al.
(1975).
The concentration of cadmium in various categories of commercial
foods produced in the United States during the last decade may be esti-
mated from assays of Total Diet Study samples listed in Tables A.I and A.2.
Mean values of these composite samples, summarized in Table 2, indicate
that most food groups contain less than 0.03 mg of cadmium per kilogram,
wet weight. The potatoes, leafy vegetables, and grain and cereal groups
usually contain greater concentrations than other groups, but even here
the average does not exceed 0.05 mg of cadmium per kilogram, wet weight.
Table 2. Average and upper limit concentrations of
cadmium in Total Diet Study samples, 1968-1974
Food category
Cadmium concentration
(mg/kg, wet weight)
Mean Upper limit
Beverages
Dairy products
Fruits
Garden fruits
Grain and cereal
Leafy vegetables
Legume vegetables
Meat, fish, and poultry
Oils, fats, and shortening
Potatoes
Root vegetables
Sugars and adjuncts
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
<0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.08
0.14
0.07
0.10
0.07
0.40
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.14
0.31
0.09
Sources: Duggan and Lipscomb, 1969; Corneliussen,
1972; Duggan and Corneliussen, 1972; Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974; Mahaffey et al., 1975; Manske and
Johnson, 1975, 1977.
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A somewhat wider range of concentrations occurs when individual
foods, rather than composite samples, are analyzed. Typical values for
selected U.S. foods from uncontaminated areas are summarized in Table 3.
Analytical results from some types of foreign foods from uncontaminated
areas (identified by double asterisks) are included in this table to indi-
cate the probable range of cadmium in U.S. food. In general, the concen-
tration of cadmium in fresh milk is low, even in areas having contaminated
soils. The high concentrations of cadmium in some human milk samples may
reflect excessive cigarette smoking. Beef, pork, lamb, and chicken flesh
typically contain only low concentrations of cadmium, as do eviscerated
freshwater and marine fish. However, diets rich in the kidneys or livers
of these animals may contain excessive quantities of cadmium. Habitual
eaters of crabs, oysters, and other shellfish may also be at risk. In
general, fruits such as apples, bananas, oranges, and pineapples are low
in cadmium, as are such vegetables as beans, cucumbers, peas, and tomatoes.
Leafy vegetables, such as cabbage, collards, lettuce, and spinach contain
higher concentrations, particularly in outer leaves. Potatoes and grains,
such as corn, oats, rice, and wheat, but not rye, are also rich sources
of dietary cadmium.
In most foods the ranges of cadmium concentrations are narrow and
reasonably consistent. However, surprisingly high concentrations are occa-
sionally reported for drinking water and soft drinks. Nonpolluted natural
waters usually contain less than 1 yg cadmium per liter and regular drink-
ing water seldom exceeds 5 yg cadmium per liter, yet, concentrations up
to 16,000 yg/liter have been reported in some samples of water and vending
machine-dispensed soft drinks (Friberg et al., 1977). These extreme values
are usually associated with circumstances in which soft or acidulated water
has been in prolonged contact with galvanized pipe or plumbing fittings
attached with cadmium-containing solders. In domestic plumbing systems,
leachable cadmium is most likely to concentrate in the initial charge of
water removed from the system each morning. Prudence suggests that this
cadmium-charged tapwater be routinely used for utilitarian, rather than
dietary, purposes.
4. ESTIMATED CADMIUM INTAKE FROM FOODS
Cadmium intake from food depends on the concentration of the element
in the food and the amount of food ingested. Estimates of intake may thus
be obtained by calculation if these factors are known, or by direct anal-
ysis of duplicate meals. Both techniques yield concordant results when
applied with care.
4.1 TABULATED VALUES OF CADMIUM INTAKE FROM FOODS
Estimates of intake, primarily the calculated type, are summarized for
foreign countries and the United States in Tables 1 and 4, respectively.
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Table 3. Typical concentrations of cadmium in selected
foods from uncontaminated areas
Food
Apple
Asparagus
Baby food
Banana
Bass
Bean
Beef, flesh
Beef, kidney
Beef, liver
Beet, root
Bread, white
Butter
Cabbage
Catfish, channel
Cauliflower
Cereal
Cheese
Chicken
Clam
Cocoa
Coffee
Corn
Crab
Cucumber
Egg
Fish, mixed species
Flounder
Flour, wheat
Fruit
Lamb , flesh
Lamb , kidney
Lamb , liver
Lettuce
Cadmium
concentration
(mg/kg ,
wet weight)
0.000-0.027**
0.01-0.04**
0.003-0.08**
<0. 01-0. 02**
<0. 010-0. 060
0.003-0.24
<0. 005-0. 06**
0.22-1.00a
0.060-1.660**
0.16-0.20a
0.005-0.300**
0.012-0.069**
0.01-0.110**
<0. 01-0. 07**
<0. 01-0. 15**
0.000-0.152
0.003-0.021**
0.01-0.09**
0.015-0.110**
0.01-0.05**
0.122-0.27
0.04-0.14**
<0. 01-0. 08
0.005-0.075
0. 013-0. 8&
0.072-0.189
0.05-8.4**
0.0002-0.014**
0.01-0.04**
0.02-0.08
0.000-0.059
0.03-0.150^
0.0002-0.029**
0.01-0.03**
0.02-2.8**
0.01-0.72**
0.005-0.040
0.84-1.2&
Food
Lobster, tail
Margarine
Meat, cold cuts
Milk, whole, fresh
Milk , human
Mussel
Oats , grain
Onion
Orange
Oyster
Pea, green
Pepper , sweet
Perch, yellow
Pineapple , canned
Pork, flesh
Pork, kidney
Pork , liver
Potato
Radish
Rice
Rye
Salmon
Scallop
Shrimp
Soft drinks
Sole
Spinach
Sugar
Tea, dried
Tomato
Tuna
Vegetables, mixed
Wheat
Wine
Yam
Cadmium
concentration
(mg/kg,
wet weight)
0.059-0.233
<0.01-0.035**a
0.01-0.07**
0.0007-0.037
0.0088-0.1335
0.147-2.63
0.01-0.28^
0.01-0.09**
0.002-0.029**
0.05-7.80
0.001-0.009**
0. 015-0. 043**a
0.019-0.073
<0. 01-0. 03**
<0. 01-0. 05**
0. 015-0. 60a
0.07-2.088**
0.01-1.72**
0.01-0.17**
0.66-1.54^
0.03-0.137**
<0. 01-0. 07**
0.016-0.039
0.040-3.19
0.000-0.200
0.002-0.006**
0.007-0.026
0.02-0.18**
0.0016-0.03**
0.01-0.14**
<0. 01-0. 08**
<0. 01-0. 139**
0.0002-0.13**
0.07-0.15
0.005-0.136**
0.003-0.017**
0.03-0.05**a
a.
Limited number of observations.
Dry basis.
**Uncontaminated foreign foods.
Source: Summarized from Tables 2 and 5.
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10
Table 4. Estimates of cadmium intake from U.S. foods
Estimated . .
cadmium Analytical ^^ °t
Year intake method detection
(Ug/day) (ppm)
Comments
Reference
1960
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
23
1966 13
26
50
38
29
37
51
34
72
Sp
AAS
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
AAS or P
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Calculated for 2300 calorie diet
containing 100 g protein, 250 g
carbohydrate, and 100 g fat,
including flour and grains as
main carbohydrate foods.
Direct analysis of composited
lunches (20) served 6th grade
students in 300 U.S. schools.
Range: 9-41 ug/lunch. Nearly
75% of samples were below limit
of detection. These samples
were assumed to contain 0.02
mg/kg in calculating the mean
intake. The latter would be
4 yg/day if lunches below limit
of detection had been assigned
a cadmium concentration of
zero.
Calculated for teenage male diet
of 2922 g of food daily based
on direct analysis of Total
Diet Study samples involving
12 categories of composited
food. Effect of compositing:
very slight underestimation.
Results reflect upper limit
estimate for "normal" adult.
Calculated for teenage male diet,
based on direct analysis of 41
individual foods and 12 cate-
gories of composited foods in
the Total Diet Study program.
Schroeder and
Balassa, 1961
Murphy et al.,
1971
Mahaffey et al.,
1975
Duggan and
Corneliussen,
1972
Duggan and
Corneliussen,
1972
Mahaffey et al.,
1975
Mahaffey et al.,
1975
Mahaffey et al.,
1975
Mahaffey et al.,
1975
Jelinek et al.,
1975
plicrogram cadmium per lunch.
4.2 ANALYTICAL SUMMARY OF CADMIUM INTAKE DATA
Estimates of cadmium intake from foods have been made by investigators
in many countries, but considerable uncertainty continues to exist con-
cerning even the approximate ranges of these data. Part of the difficulty
is inherent in the problem, since national and personal diet preferences
necessarily introduce a measure of variance into the data. Other varia-
tions occur because of differing premises among investigators. Analytical
problems also contribute to data scatter. As a consequence, literature
estimates of intake vary from 10 to about 500 yg/day. Probably the best
estimates of intake from U.S. foods are those determined annually by FDA
analysts from Total Diet Study samples (Duggan et al., 1966; Hopkins, 1975).
Between 1968 and 1974 these estimated daily intakes varied from 26 to 51
yg/day. The average for this period was 38 yg, with no apparent trend in
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11
the data. The 1975 estimate (FY 1974 data), based on additional analyses
of 41 individual foods, was 72 yg. Based on the 1973 Total Diet Study,
the various classes of food contributed the following amounts (yg/day) and
percentages, respectively, of the total dietary intake of cadmium: grain
and cereal - 11.66 and 22.3; fruits - 9.38 and 18.3; potatoes - 9.11 and
17.8; beverages — 6.49 and 12.7; dairy products — 3.94 and 7.7; leafy veg-
etables — 3.18 and 6.2; meat, fish, and poultry — 2.49 and 4.9; garden
fruits — 1.71 and 3.4; oil and fats — 1.36 and 2.7; root vegetables — 0.76
and 1.5; sugars and adjuncts — 0.68 and 13.0; and legume vegetables — 0.42
and 0.8 (Mahaffey et al., 1975).
It should be noted that Total Diet Study results are based on the
appetite of an 18- to 19-year-old male, an assumption which overstates the
food consumption of a "normal" adult nearly twofold (Duggan and Lipscomb,
1969). The Total Diet Study estimates of intake thus represent an upper
limit, though not necessarily a doubled measure, of intake of cadmium from
food for adults under average U.S. conditions. Considering these circum-
stances, it appears reasonable to assume that the average daily U.S. die-
tary intake probably lies within the range 30 to 50 yg. This estimate is
slightly lower than the 40 to 70 yg range suggested by Fulkerson (1975),
who assumed an exceptionally high value of 20 yg/day from water, and con-
siderably less than the 50 to 100 yg/day range cited by Sanjour (1974) .
The estimate of 30 to 50 yg is somewhat higher than values reported for
New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, and less than some Japanese
and Canadian values (Table 1) but is consistent with observed concentra-
tions of cadmium in the renal cortex and liver of normal humans in these
countries (Friberg et al., 1974, pp. 62-63). Our estimate of 30 to 50 yg
is also consistent with results of Murphy et al. (1971) who measured an
average of 13 yg of cadmium in 6000 duplicate lunches of 6th grade stud-
ents in 1966.
The estimated U.S. daily dietary intake of 30 to 50 yg of cadmium is
42% to 88% of the recommended total tolerable limit of 400 to 500 yg/week
(World Health Organization, 1972). This margin of safety is small and
leaves little room for intake from other environmental or occupational
sources. Ordinarily, inhalation of environmental air does not represent
a significant fraction of the daily intake of individuals nonoccupation-
ally exposed. Even under adverse conditions, daily intake in this manner
probably amounts to only 2 yg or less. However, daily intake from tobacco
smoking is likely to be more significant (Friberg et al., 1974, p. 21).
Excessive cigarette smoking can contribute as much, or more, cadmium as
dietary sources (Lewis et al., 1972; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1975, p. 5-21). It thus appears entirely feasible for residents of pol-
luted areas or for urban dwellers who are habitual eaters of cadmium-rich
food and are heavy smokers to approach or exceed the recommended total
tolerable limit of 400 to 500 yg of cadmium per week. Accordingly, every
reasonable effort should be made to limit, or even reduce, further addi-
tions of cadmium to the environment. With respect to cadmium in food, it
appears these efforts should be directed toward minimizing the use of fer-
tilizers and sludges that contain high concentrations of cadmium on crop-
lands. When soils known to contain abnormal amounts of cadmium must be
used for food production, the soil pH should be maintained at 6.5 or above
through regular applications of lime to immobilize the cadmium and minimize
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12
its uptake in plant products (Linnman et al., 1973; Keeney, 1976). When
feasible, polluted soils should be planted with crops known to absorb
minimal amounts of cadmium (Singh et al., 1975).
It should be noted that the foregoing comments were based on averaged
cadmium intake data. Subsets of the sample group may experience intakes of
cadmium considerably greater than averaged values. Yost (1978) conducted
dietary intake studies on the 15- to 20-year-old U.S. male population,
based on the FY 1974 FDA Heavy Metals in Food survey. He estimated that
about 10% of the study population ingested more than 70 yg cadmium per day
from a single food. These foods, together with estimates of the consuming
population, are shown in Table 5.
5. ANALYTICAL METHODS
Although many methods have been developed for determining cadmium,
the analysis of this element in food poses special problems, and only a
limited number of techniques are normally used. The principal difficulty
arises from the very low concentrations of cadmium, often only a few parts
per billion, characteristically occurring in most samples. For such sam-
ples the method of analysis must be very sensitive if extensive preliminary
concentration is to be avoided. The latter operation is usually labori-
ous, time-consuming, and susceptible to processing errors. In addition,
procedures requiring extensive preliminary concentration of samples are
unlikely to be considered practical when large numbers of samples must be
analyzed. In modern practice, when many samples are involved, almost all
investigators determine cadmium in foods by conventional atomic absorption
spectrometry (AAS). For the small fraction of samples requiring greater
sensitivity, flameless atomic absorption spectrometry or an electrochemical
method such as anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is frequently chosen.
Emission spectroscopy (ES), neutron activation analysis (NT), and mass
spectrometry (MS) are not generally methods of choice, but are occasionally
used because of equipment availability. Spectrophotometric colorimetry,
formerly the standard method of determining cadmium, is now rarely used
because processing procedures are lengthy and sensitivity is low compared
with AAS.
The principal features of the most important methods of determining
cadmium are briefly described in the next subsections.
5.1 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY
In this analytical method a previously prepared solution of the sample
is injected into a flame through which monochromatic light from a cadmium
lamp is passed. Usually 228.8 nm radiation is used. The flame atomizes
the sample and light from the lamp is selectively absorbed by the cadmium
atoms as the latter are activated from the ground energy state to a higher
electronic energy state. Absorption of the light is proportional to the
concentration of cadmium in the injected sample. A photodetector measures
the intensity of the radiation before and after passage through the flame;
the difference is often expressed directly in concentration values.
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13
Table 5. Estimates of dietary intake of cadmium from single
foods by 15- to 20-year-old U.S. males
Food
Beef liver
Hamburger
Fruit drinks
Chuck roast
Potatoes
Orange juice
Chicken
White flour
Eggs
White rice
Lettuce
Sugar, refined
Cornmeal
Milk
Bacon
Peaches
Beets
Breakfast cereal
Carrots
Tomatoes
Green beans
Applesauce
White bread
Butter
Margarine
Frankfurters
Pork and beans
Percent of
population
consuming food
1.4
20
5.4
17.5
72.4
15
8.9
39.6
25
4.8
30
48.5
2.9
61
27.7
5.7
1.8
22.4
5.3
13.5
12.4
4.4
60.3
37
28.5
17.9
6.9
Percent of
consuming population
ingesting more
than 70 yg Cd/day
20
4.9
4.3
3.9
3.3
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
Source: Yost, 1978.
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14
The usual detection limit reported for atomic absorption spectrometry
is about 0.01 mg/kg (Fulkerson and Goeller, 1973, p. 435) but greater sen-
sitivity, comparable to the anodic stripping technique, can be achieved
if the cadmium in the original sample is treated with a complexing agent
and extracted into an appropriate organic solvent.
The extraction step is mandatory for certain types of samples. Early
users of the atomic absorption technique believed that the method was
essentially free of interferences, but subsequent investigators established
that absorption of light was decreased by the presence of phosphate in
concentrations greater than 0.01 M, and increased by sodium chloride in
concentrations greater than 0.01 M. Consequently, allowance must be made
for the effects of these impurities, or the impurities must be removed
from the sample, if valid measurements are to be obtained. The results
of several extensive studies of cadmium in U.S. foods are questionable
because of such interferences (Friberg et al., 1974, p. 5).
Conventional (flame) atomic absorption techniques normally convert
less than 10% of the sample cadmium to the atomic state. In some in-
stances, efficiency and sensitivity can be greatly improved by replacing
the flame with a carbon furnace, graphite rod, or tantalum ribbon on which
the sample is sequentially dried, ashed (if necessary), and heated to in-
candescence. However, smoke or salt particles produced during the heating
steps can cause scattering and attenuation of light intensities. In addi-
tion, flameless techniques generally produce an absorbance peak of rela-
tively short duration, compared to the steady signal obtained from a flame.
Nevertheless, direct analysis of cadmium at the 1 to 5 yg/kg level is now
feasible for some samples (Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring —
Biomedical, 1973, p. 14; Friberg et al., 1977). The flameless atomic
absorption technique may be used to analyze all types of samples, but it
is probably most effective for direct analysis of solid biological and
environmental samples without prior processing.
5.2 ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY
Cadmium can be determined by a variety of electrochemical techniques,
most of which may be described as variants of the older, well-known polar-
ograph method (Osteryoung and Osteryoung, 1972; Shuman and Woodward, 1972;
Kopp, 1975) . Of these, anodic stripping voltammetry appears to be most
sensitive. In the latter method cadmium from the sample is electrodepos-
ited under controlled conditions into a hanging drop of mercury or a thin-
film mercury electrode. The resulting cadmium amalgam is then anodically
stripped using one of several techniques such as voltammetry with constant
linearly varying potential. The amount of current required for stripping
is directly proportional to the concentration of cadmium in the initial
sample. Typical conditions for analysis of cadmium in foods include use
of an ammonia-ammonium chloride electrolyte with an electrodeposition time
of 10 min, a plating potential of -1.4 V, and a dissolution scan rate of
4 V/min to an anodic limit of -0.30 V (Hundley and Warren, 1970). Zinc and
copper may interfere, but their influence can be minimized or eliminated
by simple electrochemical techniques. The minimum sensitivity of anodic
stripping voltammetry is determined by the reagent blank. Under favorable
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15
conditions solutions containing 1 ppb cadmium can be analyzed with an accu-
racy of about +10% (Fulkerson and Goeller, 1973, p. 433). Because of this
extraordinary sensitivity many samples can be analyzed without preconcen-
tration. Anodic stripping voltammetry or closely related electrochemical
methods are frequently the method of choice for that small fraction of food
samples in which the concentration of cadmium is too low to be analyzed
conveniently by the AAS technique (Ediger and Coleman, 1972; Cornell and
Pallansch, 1973; Gajan et al., 1973; Cunningham, 1975).
5.3 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC COLORIMETRY
Spectrophotometric colorimetry is based on measuring the amount of
monochromatic light absorbed by a specific molecular complex of cadmium.
Absorbed light is related to the metal concentration in the sample by
means of a previously obtained calibration plot. Many different molecular
complexes can be used, but the most popular is the red cadmium dithizonate
which has maximum absorbance at 518 nm. Spectrophotometric colorimetry
can be sensitive, specific, and accurate. With care it can be used in
the low parts-per-billion range (Fulkerson and Goeller, 1973, p. 433).
However, despite these advantages, the method is both tedious and time-
consuming; consequently, it has been little used for determining cadmium
in foods since the introduction of AAS.
5.4 EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
In emission spectroscopy, prepared samples are excited with a flame,
arc, spark, or plasma. The resulting light is dispersed with a monochro-
mator and characteristic emission lines are recorded electronically or
photographically. The concentration of each element is determined by
comparing the intensity of its emission line with that of an internal or
external standard. For low concentrations of cadmium, such as occur in
most food samples, the 228.8 nm line is usually monitored. With plasma
excitation the detection limit is near the parts-per-billion level (Kopp,
1975), but the sensitivity of earlier spectroscopic methods was much poorer
(Friberg et al., 1974, p. 4). Emission spectroscopy is often utilized
for multielement analyses, particularly for unprocessed solid samples,
because it determines many elements simultaneously, but since the devel-
opment of AAS, the method has only rarely been used to determine cadmium
in food.
5.5 NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
When food samples are irradiated in a nuclear reactor many of the
constituent nuclides absorb neutrons and form radioactive isotopes that
can be identified and quantified by instrumental analysis. The amount of
radioactive isotope formed is proportional to the concentration and cross
section of the parent element and the flux of irradiating neutrons. The
concentrations of the nonradioactive parent element and the radioactive
daughter nuclide are usually related by measuring the activities of stand-
ard samples irradiated simultaneously with the unknown. For analysis of
cadmium, the most commonly used reaction is lli4Cd(n,Y) 115Cd. Sodium and
chlorine cause serious interference and must be removed if they occur in
-------
16
high concentrations (Kopp, 1975). About 1 to 100 mg cadmium can be deter-
mined nondestructively in matrices that do not activate significantly, but
sensitivities several orders of magnitude greater than this can be achieved
if cadmium is chemically separated from interfering activities (Fulkerson
and Goeller, 1973, p. 437). All forms of neutron activation analysis are
more time-consuming and expensive than AAS; consequently, the technique
is rarely used to determine cadmium in foods.
5.6 MASS SPECTROMETRY
Cadmium can be determined by exciting a sample with a radio frequency
spark, followed by spectrometric measurement of the resulting cadmium ions
according to their mass. This technique is applicable to virtually any
matrix, but the method is insensitive (^20 ppm) and only semiquantitative
(v30%) because of erratic emission of ions from such sources. The sensi-
tivity and accuracy can be greatly improved by use of the isotope dilution
technique in which isotopic ratios of the sample are measured before and
after addition of known quantities of isotopically enriched cadmium. The
method requires complete equilibration of the added cadmium with that of
the original sample but quantitative extraction and recovery of the mixed
cadmium is unnecessary since only isotopic ratios need be measured. Typ-
ically, the isotope dilution procedure has a sensitivity of about 1 ppb
and an accuracy of about +57a. The procedure is more time-consuming and
expensive than AAS or ASV and is not often used to determine cadmium in
foods; however, its use for monitoring faster and less expensive methods
has been recommended (Fleischer et al., 1974).
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17
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-------
21
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24
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29
APPENDIX
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATIGORYAND DFCEEASING CONCENTRATION
CATFGOFY
BHVIFAGES
i
i_
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cocoa, R
Tea, green, R
Coffee, instant,
B
Cccca, R
Tea, black, R
Ccffee, ground, R
Tctal diet sample
(12) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(12), 0
Total diet sample
(12), 0
Tctal diet sample
(12), 0
Tctal diet sample
(12), 0
Tctal diet sample
(12), 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.256
0.200
0.071
0.060
0.050
0.013
0.01
0.0057
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0. OH
[]
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.08
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
OSA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Kansas City region,
1969-1970 (6)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
Los Anqeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas city region,
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities,
1972-1973 (30)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Corneliussen, 1972
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Johnson and Manske,
1976
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABIF. A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, EY CATIGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATTGCPY
BEVERAGES
DAIRY
FFOtOCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(12), 0
Milk. Fall, R
Milk, Winter, R
Milk, R
Milk, R
Milk, Summer, R
flilk, Spring, R
Milk, R
Milk, R
I _ __
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
<0.01
O.U3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
O.UO ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
O.tt ug/100 ml
(vet wt.)
0.« ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3U ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.30 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 uq/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.03
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
tl
U
ANAl.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS or p,
0.01
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
6 U.S. cities.
1973-197M (6)
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
CO
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
CO
Missouri, 1972 (7)
Missouri, 1972 (U)
Reynolds County ,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(5)
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(D
Missouri, 1972 (5)
Missouri, 1972 (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Manske and Johnson,
1977
"Normal" exposure
farm.
Dorn et al. , 1973
"Normal" exposure farm
Dorn et al. , 1973
Winter samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.U to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Fall samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.U to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
"Normal" exposure farm
Dorn et al. , 1973
"Normal" exposure farm
Dorn et al. , 1973
Summer samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.t to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al., 1975
Spring sample from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd 0.« to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM TN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATIGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAI BY
FFOtUCTS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk,
pasteurized,
Spring, R
Milk,
pasteurized,
Spring, R
Milk, B
Milk, H
Milk,
pasteurized,
Fall, B
MEAN |
(MG/KG, 1
MET WT.)
0.042
0.040
0.039
0.038
0.035
0.027 (median)
0.026 (median)
0.026
0.026
0.024 (median)
RANGE
(MG/KG, 1
HST HT.)
[]
[]
[]
u
[]
0.018-0.037
0. 017-0. 041
0.017-0.030
0.020-0.037
0.018-0.039
AliAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (4)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (4)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (4)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (4)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (4)
59 U.S. cities.
1965 (59)
59 0. S. Cities,
1967 (59)
61 U.S. cities.
1965-1967 (305)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
[] 02)
59 U.S. cities.
1965 (59)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Evaporated and canned.
Brand 1. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Phea, 1971
Canned, evaporated.
Brand 4. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Soy flour added;
Formula 3. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Phea, 1971
Canned, evaporated.
Brand 3. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Canned, evaporated.
Brand 2. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Bhea, 1971
Pinkerton et al., 1972
Pinkerton et al., 1972
Murthy and Rhea, 1968
Murthy and Rhea, 1968
Pinkerton et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAI BY
FKOEUCTS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk, 0
Milk, human, R
Milk, human, R
Total diet sample
(D . 0
Total diet sample
(1) , 0
Total diet sample
(D , 0
Milk, 0
Milk, H
Tctal diet sample
(D . 0
Milk, Winter, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.021
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.0111 (median)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.006
C.005K
0.005
0. OOUU
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
u
n
u
[]
0.0088-0.1335
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01-0. 1t
[]
[]
[]
0. 0031-0. 005U
ANAL.
J1ETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(SFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 («)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (U)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 («)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (22)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
[ ] (23)
Kansas City region.
1971-1972 (7)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities,
1973-197U (30)
California, [ ]
(315)
California, [ ] ([ ])
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Beltsville,
Maryland, 1973 («)
COMMENTS
REFEPENCES
Lamb meat added;
Formula H. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Modified, Formula 2.
Assayed as purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Modified, Formula 1.
Assayed as purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Pinkerton et al., 1973
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Composite of nonfat.
lowfat, regular, and
extrarich
Bruhn and Franke, 197U
Bruhn and Franke, 1975
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
1 __ _
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAIPY
PBOEUCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, Spring, R
Milk, whole, 0
Milk, skim, 0
Milk, «hole, o
Bilk, whole, 0
Milk, whole, 0
Milk, whole, 0
Milk, whole, 0
Milk, whole, 0
Tctal diet sample
(1) , 0
Tctal diet sample
d) , C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.0030
0.0029 (dry
basis)
0.0020 (dry
basis)
0.0023 (dry
basis)
0.0019 (dry
basis)
0.0017 (dry
basis)
0.0016 (dry
basis)
0.0016
0.0007 (dry
basis)
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0018-0.0038
[]
[]
U
[ J
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.01
0.01
ASM.
MBTHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Galena, Kansas,
1972 (5)
USA, [ ] (2 or 3)
USA, [] (2 or 3)
DSA, [ ] (2 or 3)
DSA, [ ] (2 or 3)
USA, [ ] (2 or 3)
USA, C ] (2 or 3)
USA, [ ] (2 or 3)
USA, [ ] (2 or 3)
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Low exposure area; >3
km downwind from lead
smelter.
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1970
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Dried, foam-spray
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT FACE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AKEAS, BY CATEGOKYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAIRY
EEOTCCTS
FBtJITS
FCOD, |
PROCESSING
METHOD
Tctal diet sample
(1) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(D , 0
Tctal diet sample
(D . 0
Tctal diet sample
(D , 0
Total diet sample
(D , 0
Tctal diet sample
(D , 0
Tctal diet sample
(1) , 0
Rhubarb, F
Tctal diet sample
(9) , C
Total diet sample
(9) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(9) , 0
Apple, R
Tctal diet sample
(9) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.57 (dry
basis)
C.012
0.02
0.01
0.005
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.06
n
[]
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01C
AAS cr P,
0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBIR
OF SAMPLES
Minneapolis region.
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region.
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas City region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 n. S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] (U)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
USA, [ ] (1)
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brewer,
1971
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTA MINA TED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
FEOITS
GAP DEN
FRUITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(9) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(9) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(9) , 0
Tcmato, F
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(fi) , o
Tcmato, 0
Tctal diet sample
(8) , C
Tctal diet sample
(8) , C
Tctal diet sample
(8) , C
Tctal diet sample
(8) , 0
I Tctal diet sample
(8) , C
I
I
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.22 (dry
basis)
C.03
0.03
0.02U
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.06
[]
0.02-0.06
0.01-0.10
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.05
ARAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Kansas City region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 O.S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
30 O.S. cities.
1973-197U (30)
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] (t)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970 (6)
USA, [ ] (1)
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region.
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region.
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
"Normal" exposure area
lagerwerff and Brower,
197 a
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIH A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOKYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
CAREEN
FFfJITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(8) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(8) , 0
Total diet sample
(8) , C
Total diet sample
(8) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(8) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(8) , 0
Tcmato, 0
Tctal diet sample
(8) , C
Total diet sample
(8) , 0
Total diet sample
(8) , C
Tctal diet sample
(8) , R
Total diet sample
(8) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.019
C.017
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0. 10
[]
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01
A K A I .
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
Sp.f 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas City region.
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
30 U.S. cities.
1973-197« (30)
Representative U. S.
cities, 1973 (30)
USA, [ ] (1)
Kansas City region.
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region.
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region.
1970-1971 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Juice
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FBOM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOBYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOFY
GARDEN
FRUITS
GRAIN AND
CIPBAL
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Tcmato, R
Ccrn (2EA MAYS
L.) , grain, R
Wheat (TRITICUM
SF-) , B
Wheat (TRITICOM
Sf. ), R
Wheat, 0
Corn, 0
Wheat (TRITICUM
sE.), R
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat (TRITTCUM
sp.) , R
Wheat (TRITICUM
sf.>, R
Wheat, C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
BET WT. )
0.00
0.8 (dry basis)
0.3U (dry
basis)
0.32 (dry
basis)
0. 30 U
0.25« (dry
basis)
0.25 (dry
basis)
0.22 (dry
basis)
0.22 (dry
basis)
0.22 (dry
basis)
0. 20
0.19 (dry
basis)
1
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
n
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.12-0. 3tt
[]
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FEM)
sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.015
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
(2)
Illinois, 1969-1970
(D
Nebraska, 1969-1970
(5)
Illinois, [ ] (U)
Illinois, [ ] («)
Virginia, 1969-1970
(1)
USA, [ ] (5)
1C U. S. cities, [ ]
(28)
North Carolina,
1969-1970 («)
10 U.S. states,
1969-1970 (33)
10 U. S. cities, [ ]
(29)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
No known contamination
Kirkham, 1975
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Wheat germ, 1 1% fat
content
Garcia et al., 197«b
Defatted, dry- milled
flour
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Bread, sponge-dough
Zook et al. , 1970
Wheat flakes,
breakfast product.
Zook et al. , 1970
Ncrmal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Bread, white,
continuous mix
Zook ot al. , 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCON^AMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GFAIN ANC
CEREAL
BCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat (TRITICUM
sp.), R
Wheat (TRITICCM
sp.), R
Oats, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat (TBITICUM
EF-) , B
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Ccrn, whole
kernel, yellow, R
Wheat, 0
Wheat (TRITICUM
Sf. ), E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.19 (dry
basis)
0.18 (dry
basis)
0. 163
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.150
0.15 (dry
basis)
0.1<48 (dry
basis)
0. 1« (dry
basis)
0.1U (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
AliAL.
KETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Colorado, 1969-1970
(9)
Georgia, 1969-1970
(D
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (5)
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
(38)
10 D. 5. cities, [ ]
(52)
10 U. S. cities, [ ]
(23)
Kansas, 1969-1970
(7)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (2)
Kansas and
Missouri, [ ] (6)
USA, [ ] (5)
Texas, 1969-1970
(2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Oatmeal
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Bread, continuous-mix
Zook et al. , 1970
Bread, whole wheat
Zook et al., 1970
Bread, white,
conventional dough
Zook et al. , 1970
Biscuit mix
Zook et al. , 1970
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Wheatena
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Flour, cracker
Zook et al., 1970
Garcia et al. , 197Ua
Flour, cracker
Zook et al. , 1970
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GRAIN ANE
CEPHAL
JCOD,
ERCCESSING
METHOD
_ _
Wheat, 0
Wheat, Durum, R
Wheat, 0
oats, o
Ccrn, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat (TRITICUM
sp.), R
Wheat (TRITICUM
sp.), R
Wheat, 0
Wheat, common,
hard, R
Wheat, 0
Wheat, C
Wheat, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 130
0.13 (dry
basis)
0.129
0. 127
0.121
0.12 (dry
basis)
0.12 (dry
basis)
0.12 (dry
basis)
0.11 (dry
basis)
0. 10 (dry basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
EANGE
(MG/KG.
WET WT.)
•
[]
[]
u
[]
u
[]
[]
[]
n
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS. [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Vermont, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (2)
Vermont, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (1)
10 U. s. cities, [ ]
(52)
Oklahoma, 1969-1970
(2)
Kentucky, 1969-1970
(D
OSA, [ ] (2)
USA, [ ] (5)
OSA, [ ] (6)
USA, [ ] (2)
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
(U7)
_
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Stone ground
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1970
Crushed
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Precooked
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Cheese-flavored snack
food
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Dolls, hamburger
Zook et al. , 1970
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Macaroni
Zook et al. , 1970
Zook et al, 1970
Flour, cake
Zook et al. , 1970
Semolin a
Zook et al. , 1970
Shredded-wheat
breakfast product
Zook et al. , 1 970
(NEXT FACE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATFGOFY
GRAIN ANT
CIRHAL
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, 0
Flour, No. 1, R
Oats, whole, R
wheat, c
Flour, No. 1, R
Ccrn, fresh, F
Buckwheat, seed,
R
Corn, 0
Ccrn, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat, common,
soft, R
Ccrn, whole
kernel, yellow, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.088
0.081
0.08 (dry
basis)
0.075
0.075
0.072
0.072
C.070
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.065 (dry
basis)
HANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
n
u
n
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.015
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0. 0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, <0.0027
I
I
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
10 U. S. cities, [ ]
(28)
Minneapolis, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
(2U)
Minneapolis, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (U)
Illinois, [ ] (U)
OSA, [ ] (2)
USA, [ ] («)
Iowa, [ ] (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Doughnuts, cake
Zook et al. , 1970
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Cereal- to- be- cooked
Zook et al. , 1970
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Corn chips (Snack
food, brand A)
Garcia et al., 197«b
Breakfast flakes
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Flour, cut-off
(cracker)
Zook et al. , 1970
Zook et al. , 1970
Garcia et al., 197Ua
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONT AMIN ATED AREAS, BY CATEGOEYAND DECBEASING CONCE NTEATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
GRAIN ANC
CEPEAL
ECOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Ccrn, 0
Ccrn, whole
kernel, white, E
Ccrn, yellow, 0
Flour, No. 2, R
Wheat, Winter, E
Ccrn, dent, whole
kernel, H
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Wheat, 0
Ccrn, 0
Pcpcorn, whole
kernel, unpopped,
R
Ccrn, vihole
kernel, white, F
I _ _
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.065
0.061 (dry
basis)
0.060
0.059
0.057
0.055 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0. 0«9
0.0«8
0.0«2 (dry
basis)
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
[]
0. 035-0. 1U8
(dry basis)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
n
ANAL.
ME1IICD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBEfi
OF SAMPLES
New Hampshire, [ ]
(1)
Texas, [ ] (6)
Illinois, [ ] (1)
Minneapolis, [ ] (1)
OSA, [ ] (1)
Representative O.S.
corn states, [ ]
(11)
USA, [ ] (5)
OSA, [ ] (5)
CSA, [ ] (6)
Illinois, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (6)
COMMENTS
FEFEEENCES
Meal, special
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Garcia et al. , 197«a
Briquettes, processed
breakfast food
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Flour, Baker's patent
Zook et al., 1970
Flour, straight grade
Zook et al. , 1970
Flour, soft patent
(cake)
Zook et al. , 1970
Corn chips (Snack
food, brand B)
Garcia et al., 197«b
Garcia et al. , 197ub
Garcia et al. , 197Ua
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOEYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATGOEY
GFAIN ANC
CERHAL
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Corn, yellow, 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Ccrn, whole
kernel, yellow, R
Rice, 0
Ccrn, nhole
kernel, white, R
Ccrn, white.
sweet, C
Wheat, 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.OU2 (dry
basis)
0.0«
o.ou
0.039 (dry
basis)
0.038
0.035 (dry
basis)
0.031
0.03 (dry
basis)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
f]
0.02-0.05
0.01-0.06
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.01-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.02-0. 05
AKAL.
PIETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEM)
AAS, 0.0027
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Illinois, [ ] (4)
Boston region.
1971-1972 (7)
Boston region,
1969-1970 (6)
Illinois, [ ] (6)
USA, [ ] (1)
Indiana, [ ] (6)
Illinois, [ ] («)
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
(31)
Baltimore region.
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region.
19^0-1971 (6)
Kansas City region.
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Meal
Garcia et al., 197H b
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Garcia et al., 197tta
Precooked
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Garcia et al. , 1974a
Brand C
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Flour, all-purpose
Zook et al. , 1970
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAB1E A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTANIN ATED AREAS, BY CATEGOBYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
GRAIN ANC
CIRFAI
I
I __
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Oats, seed, R
Corn, white, o
Total diet sample
(3) . 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
Total diet sample
(3) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(3) , 0
MEAN
(HG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.028
0.02U
0.022 (dry
basis)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.05
n
[]
0.01-0.02
0.01-O.Ot
0.01-0. OH
0.02-0.03
0.01-0. 02
0.02-0.06
0.01-0.03
AKAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
_
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
30 U.S. cities.
1973-197U (30)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
USA, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (U)
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region.
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas city region.
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region,
1970-1971 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Meal
Garcia et al., 197«b
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197*4
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
_
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINA^ED AREAS, BY CATEGOEYAND DECEEASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATFGOEY
GEAIN ANT
CEREAL
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
1
FCOD,
EBOCESSING
METHOD
wheat, o
Ccrn, yellow.
sweet, C
Ccrn, white, 0
wheat, 0
Ccrn, yellow.
whole kernel, F
Ccrn, 0
Ccrn, R
Rye, whole, R
Lettuce, leaf, R
Lettuce, F
Tctal diet sample
(5) . 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.015
0.014
0.013 (dry
basis)
0.012
0.005
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.2 (dry basis)
0.81 (dry
basis)
0.08
0.08
HANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
0.60-1. 85
(dry basis)
[]
0.01-0. «
0.02-0.20
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01C
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (4)
Illinois, [ ] (4)
USA, [ ] (1)
Illinois, [ ] (4)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
DSA, [ ] (1)
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri, [ ] (11)
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] (4)
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
COMMENTS
EEFEBENCES
Hheaties
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Brand B
Garcia et al., 1974b
Grits
Garcia et al. , 1974b
Bread, stone ground
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Brand A
Garcia et al. , 1974b
Dried, old
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
On cob
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCO NT AMIN ATED AREAS, EY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , C
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , C
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(5) , 0
Lettuce, iceberg.
R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.051
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.010*
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03-0. 1«
0.02-0. 1tt
0.03-0. 11
0.02-0. 11
[]
0.02-0.08
0.03-0. 08
0.02-0. 09
0.03-0. 10
0.01-0.28
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region.
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970 (6)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region,
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities,
1972-1973 (30)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 19714
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 45
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
1ABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS PROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
LEAfY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(5) , C
Kale, P
Chicory, B
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Kchlrati, leaves,
H
Total diet sample
(5) , 0
Total diet sample
(5) , C
Lettuce, garden,
R
Escarole, F
tettuce, iceberg.
R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.038.
0.038
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02U
0.02
0.02
0.017
0.016
0.010
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0. 11
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.06
0.01-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.01
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
30 U.S. cities,
19T3-1974 (30)
DSA, [] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Boston region.
1971-1972 (7)
Kansas city region.
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region,
1970-1971 (6)
DSA, C ] (D
Kansas City region,
1970-1971 (6)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Schroeder and Palassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
LEGUME
VEGETABLES
ICOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cattage, white, R
Cabbage, red, B
Spinach, R
Lettuce, early
curled, R
Pea, F
Bean, F
Peanut, 0
Bean, kidney.
red , 0
Pea , green, 0
Bean, navy, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005*
C.42 (dry
basis)
0.21
0.130
0.052
O.OUO
0.015
I
HANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[ ]
t ]
AtiAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
_
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] (<*)
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] («)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH vas
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Roasted, fresh
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried, split
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEGOMF
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bean, yellow eye.
0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(6) , C
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
Tctal diet sample
16) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.012
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.01-0. OU
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. 10
0.01-0.02
0.02
0.01-0.02
[]
1
1
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FEW)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01C
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
Boston region.
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region.
1971-1972 (7)
Kansas city region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region.
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
8 U.S. cities.
1973-1974 (8)
Kansas City region.
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region.
1970-1971 (6)
Baltimore region,
1970-1971 (6)
Representative U.S.
| cities, 1973 (30)
I
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Banske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Hanske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Ol
o
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOKYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
LEGUME
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bean, string, R
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Pea , green, R
Bean, lima, R
Pea, F
Bean, green, E
Tctal diet sample
(6) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.003*
0.003
0.003
0.001*
0.00
0.00
<0.5 (dry
basis)
<0.01
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
0.01
0.01
u
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
O.C10
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971 (6)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri. , [ ] (11)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 15
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Palassa,
1961
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
_. ........ . .
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LBGOHE
VEGITAB1F.S
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Total diet sample
(6) . 0
Total diet sample
(6) , 0
Scallcp, rock
(EINNITIS
MULTIRDGOSOS) , R
Squirrel, red.
female, kidney, R
Deer, kidney, R
Squirrel, red.
Bale, kidney, R
Deer, kidney, R
Squirrel, rock.
liver, R
Deer, kidney, H
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
31.2
17.35
1 1.7
7.97
6.58
6.1 (dry basis)
U.12
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01-0.03
1.8-46.8
0.1-55.8 (dry
basis)
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
I
I Sp. , 0.05 ug
I
I
I
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas city region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
California coast,
1973 (11)
USA, [] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, f ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Utah, 197U-1976
(108)
USA, [] (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Vattuone et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Cd content of soil.
0.8-11.5 ppm (dry
basis)
Sharna and Shupe, 1977
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOFY
MEAT, JISK,
POULTRY
1
1
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
_
Deer, kidney,
right, E
Deer, kidney, B
Squirrel, grey,
male, kidney, R
Deer, kidney.
left, B
Babbit, wild.
male, kidney, R
Oyster, eastern.
E
Deer, kidney, R
Deer, kidney, H
Scallop, calico
(AECUIPECTEN
GIBBUS) , R
Deer, kidney, R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTEEA
VIEGINICA) , B
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_
U.02
3.70
3.62
3.60
3.58
3. 10
2.38
2.37
2.3U
2.10
2.06
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 10-7. 80
1.57-3. 19
1.60-2.37
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
IAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
OSA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
OSA, r ] d)
USA, [ ] (1)
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ] ([ ])
OSA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Atlantic Ocean,
Cape Canaveral,
Fla., 1971-1972
(10)
USA, [ ] (1)
Long Island Sound,
1971 (10)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Honk, 1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Squirrel, red,
male, liver, R
Mussel (HYTILUS
CALIFCBNIANUS) , R
Oyster, C
Beef, kidney, R
Squirrel, red,
female, liver, R
Deer, liver, P
Oyster, R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA) , R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA) , R
Duck, ruddy,
liver (CXYUHA
JAMAICENSIS) , R
Oyster, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
2.03
1.88
1.598
1.00
0.80
0.7U
0.715
0.621
0.62
0.61
0.605
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
1. 1*3-2.63
[]
0.375-1.29
0.05-1.61
0.27-1.60
AN At.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, []
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
NT, 0.05
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
California coast,
1973 (9)
OSA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
OSA, [ ] (1)
Cape Cod, USA, [ ]
(6)
Chesapeake Bay,
1971 (10)
Mobile Bay,
1968-1969 (108)
New Jersey, 1973
(8)
Cape Cod, USA, [ ]
(D
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Vattuone et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Kopfler and Mayer,
1973
White and Kaiser, 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
I
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN O.S. FOODS FROM
UNCO NTA BIN ATED AREAS. BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MIAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Perk, kidney, R
Deer, liver, R
Deer, liver, R
Deer, liver, R
Beef, kidney, R
Rabbit, wild,
male, liver, R
Pork, kidney, R
Clam, Ecftshell,
R
Perk, kidney, R
Lingcod, fillets,
R
Beef, kidney, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.60
0. 56
O.UU
0. 35
0. 31
0.30
0.29
0.27
C. 25
0.22U
0.22
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WST WT.)
0.10-0.90
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA. [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ] ([ ])
USA, [ ] (1)
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (10)
USA, [ ] (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Ronk, 1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIF A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCQNTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOFYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISfi,
PCOLTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, liver, R
Beef, liver, R
Oyster, Quahaug,
northern, R
Salmon, young,
liver, H
Clam, hard, R
Clam, soft (MYA
AEENARIA) , F
Pork, kidney, H
Beef, liver, R
Salmon, old,
liver, R
Perk, kidney, R
Mussel, R
Lamb, kidney, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.200
0.2
0. 19
0. 19
0. 188
0. 181
0.17
0. 16
0. 15
0. 15
0. 1«7
0. 1«
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0. 10-0.73
0.059-0.293
ANA1.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FfM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
DSA, C ] O)
OSA, [ ] (1)
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ] ([ ])
DSA. [ ] (1)
New England, OSA,
[] (D
Chesapeake Bay,
1971 (10)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
OSA, [ ] (1)
DSA, [ ] (1)
New England, USA,
[] (D
OSA, [ ] (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Ronk, 1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISK,
FCULTRY
FCOD, |
PROCESSING i
KETHOD
Scallop, smooth
(FLACCFECTEN
MAGELIANICUS), R
Lobster, spiny
(FAHOLIRUS
BCPIALIS), 0
Lobster, tail, R
Crab, king, body
meat
(PARAIITHCDES
CAMSCHATICA) , 0
Perch (BAIBDIELLA
CHFYSOHA) , R
Lobster, clav, R
Crat, blue
(CAILINECTES
SAPIDDS), 0
Shrimp, 0
Perk, liver, R
Perk, liver, R
Sturgeon,
Atlantic
(ACIFENSER sp. ) ,
R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HI.)
0. 136
0. 133
0.132
0.121
0.12 (dry
basis)
0. 101
0. 101
0. 100
0. 100
0.1
0.092
HANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.040-0. 23a
0. 059-0.233
0.020-0.189
[]
0.020-0.158
[]
AKA1.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, t ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, C ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0,05 ug
AAS, 0.01C
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Atlantic Ocean,
South Channel, 1971
(10)
Atlantic Ocean,
Florida, [ ] (10)
Maine, [ ] (1)
Cook's Inlet,
Alaska, 1970-1971
(10)
Georgia estuary, []
(5)
Maine, C ] (1)
Chesapeake Bay,
1971 (10)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, ( ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
Hudson Fiver, N.Y.,
1969 («)
COMMENTS
DEFERENCES
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
Cooked split tails
zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Cooked commercially
Zook et al., 1976
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Cooked commercially
Zook et al., 1976
Fresh, cooked
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM
IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTA MIN ATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCUITKY
ICOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Rockfish, orange.
fillets, R
Trout, lake
(SAIVELINUS
NAMAYCUSH), R
Fish, nixed
species, R
Fish, mixed
species, whole, R
Shrimp* white
(FENAEDS
SITIFEHDS) , 0
Catfish, channel,
cultured
(IC1AIURDS
PDNCTATOS), R
Drum, freshwater.
R
Crat, king, leg
meat
(FAHALITHODES
CAMSCHATICM , 0
Shrimp {PENAEOS
AZTICOS), R
Crab (CALLINECTES
SAPIDDS), P
Shrimp, Alaskan,
mixed species, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
SET WT.)
0.088
0.080
0.08
0.08
0.079
0.079
0.077
0.072
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.069
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
O.OU-0. 17
0.05-1.80
0.056-0.112
0.020-0.152
[]
0. 000-0.158
[]
[]
0. 018-0. 11U
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
MS, []
AAS, 0.05
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
NT, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (14)
Fourth Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (3)
New York, 1969-1970
(«8)
98 U.S. stations.
1972 (391)
Gulf of Mexico,
1971 (10)
Mississippi and
Arkansas, 1971 (5)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
Cook's Inlet,
Alaska, 1970-1971
(10)
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(11)
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(23)
Pacific Ocean, S of
Marmot Island,
Alaska, 1971 (10)
COMMENTS
PEFERENCES
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Data for individual
fish given by authors.
Tong et al. , 1972
Average computed
assuning Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
samples.
Halsh et al., 1977
Raw peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Pillay et al., 1973
Cooked commercially
Zook et al. , 1976
Edible muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Claw meat analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Cooked, peeled and
deveined tails
Zook et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
1ABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN 0. S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT. FISH,
PCULTPY.
1
1
FCOD,
PROCESSING
KETHOD
Shrimp, pink
(FANDALOS
BORIALIS), 0
Perch, ocean
(SEBASTF.S
MARINUS), R
Salroon, sockeye
(CNCOHHY.NCHUS
NERKA) , C
Pike, walleye
(STIZOSTEDION V.
VITREUM) , R
Tuna, C
Clam, surf
(SPISULA
SOLIDISEIMA) , R
Bass, white, R
Perch, yellow, R
Catfish, channel,
R
Snapper, red
(IOTJANUS
CAMFECHANUS) , R
Walleye, R
Perch, yellow
(FEPCA sp.) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.069
0.069
0.067
0.06U
0.062
0.061
0.060
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.053
0.051
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.000-0.200
0.000-0.200
0.038-0.159
0.000-0.098
[ ]
[]
[]
0.000-0. 119
[ ]
[ ]
AfiAI.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
NT, [ ]
NT, [ ]
NT, []
AAS, [ ]
NT, []
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, [ ]
(10)
Atlantic Ocean,
Gulf of Maine, 1971
(10)
Pacific, Naknek
Fiver, 1971 (10)
Susquehanna River,
N. Y. , 1969 (1)
Oregon, [ ] (1)
Maryland, 1971 (10)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
Gulf of Mexico,
1971 (11)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
Susquehanna River,
N.T., 1969 (2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Raw peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Pillay et al. , 1973
Pillay et al. , 1973
Pillay et al. , 1973
Zook et al. , 1976
Pillay et al. , 1973
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN 0. S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MIAT, FISH.
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Heakf ish
(CYNOSCION
RIGALIS), R
Shrimp, white
(PENAEHS
SITIFEROS) , R
Pollock
(POLLACHUIS
VIBINS) , R
Cod, Atlantic
(GADDS MORHUA) , R
Hake, silver
(BEHLOCCIOS
BILINEAHIS) , E
Halibut, Pacific
(HIFPOGLOSSDS
STENOLEEIS) , R
Haddock
(KE1ANOGRAMMUS
AIG1EFINOS) , R
Catfish, channel,
wild (ICTALUPUS
PDNCTATUS) , R
Pike, northern
(ESCX LUCIUS) , R
Shrimp, brown
(PENAEUS
A7TFCDS) , 0
Perch, yellow, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.0«9
.
0.018
O.OU8
O.OU7
O.OU6
O.OU6
c.oae
O.OU5
O.OU5
O.OttO
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.000-0.076
0.000-0.110
0.000-0.155
0.000-0.200
0.009-0.080
C. 000-0. 083
0.000-0.091
[]
0.000-0.119
0.019-0.073
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(7)
Atlantic, Cape
Canaveral, 1971
(10)
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
(10)
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
(10)
Atlantic Ocean,
Ipwich Bay, 1971
(10)
Pacific Ocean, Gulf
of Alaska, 1970
(10)
Atlantic ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
(10)
Louisiana, [ ] (5)
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (U)
Gulf of Mexico,
1971 (10)
Hintergreen Lake,
Michigan, [ ] (13)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
2ook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al, 1976
Zook et al., 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Raw peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Mathis and Kevern,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECBEASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, JISH,
PCUITEY
TOOD,
PROCESSING
BETHOD
Spot (LEIOSTOMUS
XANTHOBUS) , R
Croaker
(MICBCPOGON
UNDULATOS), B
Drum (STELLIFEB
LANCEIC1ATUS) , E
Shrimp (PENAEOS
SETIFEBDS) , B
Veal, kidney, B
Salmon, Coho, B
Sviordfish, E
Bass, largemouth,
R
Scallop, Atlantic
(AECUIPECTEN
IRRADIANS) , B
Bullhead, yellow,
B
Bcckfish, mixed
species, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
C.04 (dry
basis)
0.00 (dry
basis)
O.OU (dry
basis)
O.OU (dry
basis)
O.OU
0.039
0.037
0.036
0.035
C.03U
0.031
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.020-0.018
0.000-0.100
o. 021-0. oag
0. 000-0. 07U
AKAI.
RETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
NT, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(31)
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(27)
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(32)
Georgia estuary, [ ]
(82)
USA, [ ] (1)
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970 (25)
USA, \ ] (1)
Wintergreen Lake,
Michigan, [ ] (11)
Nantucket Island,
1970 (10)
Wintergreen Lake,
Michigan, [ ] (6)
Pacific Ocean,
coast of
California, 1971
(10)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Edible muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
pillay et al. , 1973
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Mathis and Kevern,
1975
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
Mathis and Kevern,
1975
Zook et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISF,
PCULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
KEIHCD
Trout, lake
(SALVJLINUS
NAMAYCUSH) , R
Fish, mixed
species, whole, R
Drum, freshwater
(AFIODINOTUS
GEUNNIENS) , E
Bass, silver, R
.
Flounder,
yellovitail
(LIMANDA
FERBUGINEA) , E
Bullhead
(ICTALUBUS sp.) ,
R
Sole, Hex,
fillets, R
Sturgeon
(ACIFENSER sp.) ,
R
Pork, chops, R
Bass, snallmouth
(MICECFTEBUS
DOLOMIEDI) , H
I
MEAN
(BG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.030
0.03
0.029
0.028
0.028
0.027
0.026
0.026
0.025
0.025
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.05-0.21
u
[]
0.000-0.059
[]
[]
[]
[]
AKAI.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
West Canada Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
17 USA stations,
1973 (66)
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969 (19)
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969 (8)
Atlantic ocean.
South Georges Bank,
1971 (10)
Blue Mountain Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (20)
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969 (11)
USA, [ ] (1)
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Average computed
assuming Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
sample.
Walsh et al., 1977
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Zook et al. , 1976
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Childs and Gaffke.
1971
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Decapitated,
eviscerated
lovett et al., 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAHINATED ABEAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATFGOBY
M EA T , FISH,
POULTRY
.
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, chuck, R
Salmon, Coho
(ONCORHYNCHDS
KISOTCH), R
Trout, rainbow
(SAIMC
GAIEDNERI) , R
Catfish, channel
(ICTALUBUS sp.) ,
R
Bullhead, brown
(ICTA1URUS sp.) ,
R
Bass, snallnouth
(MICRCPTERUS
DOLCMIEOI) , R
Bass, smallmouth
(MICRCPTERUS
DOLCMIEOI), R
Trout, brown
(SA1MCN TFDTTA) ,
R
Bass, smallmouth
(BICFCFTERUS
DOLCMIEDI) , R
Bass, largemouth
(MICRCFTERUS
SALKOIDES) , R
Hake, Pacific
(CERLUCCIUS
FEODDC1US), R
_ __
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.021
0.02U
0.02«
0.023
0.023
0.022
0.022
0.021
0.021
C.020
0.020
RANGE
(MG/KG.
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
n
0.000-0.059
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp. , 0,05 ug
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
USA, [ ] (1)
Cattaraugus Creek,
N.Y. , 1969 (9)
Blue Mountain Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Lake champlain.
N.Y., 1969 (6)
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969 (1)
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Blue Mountain Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (1)
Chittenango Creek,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Caroga Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (1)
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Pacific Ocean,
Gray's Harbor, 1971
(10)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Zook et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MIAT, FISF,
POULTRY
fCOD,
ERCCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Fish, mixed
species, whole, P
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Bullhead
(ICTAIORUS sp.) ,
R
Salmon, Coho
(CNCOBH7NCHUS
KISOTCH), R
Trout, rainbow
(SAIMC
GAIHDNEHI) , R
Bass, suallmouth
(MICHCPTERDS
DCLCMIEdl) , R
Pike, northern
(ESCX IUCIOS) , R
Bullhead
(ICTALURUS sp.).
R
Pickerel, chain
(ESCX NIGER) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.019
0. 019
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.018
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
0. 01-0.07
0.01-0.03
0.05-0.5U
0.01-0.06
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPB)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS, 0.05
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972 (7)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
100 DSA stations.
1971 (58U)
21 U.S. cities.
19T3-197D (21)
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969 (6)
8th Lake, N. Y. ,
1969 (1)
Canandaigua Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (1)
Indian Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (2)
Canadice Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (1)
Hemlock Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (3)
COMMENTS
PEFEPENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Average computed
assuming Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
samples.
Walsh et al., 1977
Prepared for eating
Hanske and Johnson,
1977
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCULTBY
ECOD,
PROCESSING
KETHOD
Salmon, C
Trout, rainbow
(SAIMO
GAIBDNEBI), E
Pike, walleye
(STIZOS1EDION V.
VITBEOH) , H
Perch, yellow
(FEFCA sp.) , E
Salmon, Coho
(CNCOFBYNCHUS
KISDTCH), E
Trout, rainbow
(SAIMC
GAIBDNEBI), B
Trout, rainbow
(SAIMC
GAIRDNEBI) , B
Bass, smalltnouth
(f?ICRCFTERUS
DOLCNIEUI) , B
Bass, largemouth
(BICFCFTERUS
SALMOIDES) , B
Lamt, chops, B
Pike, walleye
(STIZCSTEDION V.
VIT5EDM), P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
C.016
0.016
0.015
0.015
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
[]
[]
n
[]
[]
[]
c i
[i
AKAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Alaska, [ ] (1)
Dtowana Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (2)
Lake Erie, eastern
ena, 1969 (8)
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969 (10)
Spring Brook, N.Y.,
1969 (3)
Skaneateles Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Canadice Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969 (10)
Lake George, N.Y. ,
1969 (3)
USA, [ ] (1)
St. Lawrence Fiver,
N.Y., 1969 (U)
COHMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapit at ed ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Schroeder nnd Balassa,
1961
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAB1E A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTANINATED AREAS, B1 CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATFGOKY
MEAT, PISF,
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Crappie, tlack
(EOMOXIS
NIGROMACULATUS) ,
R
Trout, raintow
(SALMC
GAIEDNERI), R
Sole, Dover,
fillets, R
Rcckfish, orange.
fillets, R
Hake, fillets, R
Scle, sand.
fillets, R
Muskie (ESOX
MASC.UINONGY) , R
Drum, freshwater
(APIODINOIOS
GRONNIENS) , R
Pike, northern
(ESCX LUCIUS) , R
Pickerel, chain
(ESCX NIGER) , R
Bass, suallmouth
(MICRCFTERUS
DOLCMIEDI) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.015
0.015
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
o.om
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
„
[]
[ j
[ ]
[ ]
f ]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EfM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Lake George, N. Y. ,
1969 (3)
Lake George, N. Y. ,
1969 (<()
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Waneta Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (1)
Lake Champlain,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Lake George, N. Y. ,
1969 (5)
Trout Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (3)
Lake Ontario, 1969
(10)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Childs and Gaffke,
197K
Childs and Gaffke,
197«
Childs and Gaffke,
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
IABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
DECONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPYAND DECPEASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCULTP.Y
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
«»•>!._ 1
Bass, smalltnouth
(MICRCPTEBUS
DOLCMIEOI) , R
Bass, largemouth
(MICECPTEBUS
SALMOIDES), B
Sole, English,
fillets, R
Bullhead
(TCTALOEns sp.) ,
P
Bass, snallmouth
(MICPCPTEEUS
DOLCMIEOI) , R
Bass, snallmouth
(MICBCPTERUS
DOLCMIEDI) , R
Sole, Bex,
fillets, P
Sole, Petrale,
fillets, R
Bass, striped
(KOF.ONE
SAXATILIS), B
Pickerel (ESOX
NIGER) , R
Crappie, black
(FOMOXIS
NIGROMACULATUS) ,
R
I
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01K
0.01U
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
n
n
[]
r]
[]
[]
AKAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Chenango River,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Upper Saranac Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Hemlock Lake, N.Y. ,
1969 (3)
Utowana Lake, N.Y. ,
1969 (2)
Canadice Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (5)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Hudson Eiver, N.Y.,
1969 (6)
Canadice Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (2)
Conesus Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Childs and Gaffke,
1974
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Childs and Gaffke,
1970
Childs and Gaffke,
197«
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, BY CATEGORYANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOPK
MEAT, FISF.,
FCULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
ME1HCD
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Scle, Dover,
fillets, R
Tctal diet sample
(2) , C
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) . 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Total diet sample
(2) , C
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
C.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE I
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0. OH
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.02
[]
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01 0
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (20)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region,
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas City region,
1969-1970 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Childs and Gaffke,
197a
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197H
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197<*
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197H
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
o-
OD
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN 0. S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, Bf CATEGORYANP EECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, PISH,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
BEIHOD
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Total diet
sample (2) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(2) , 0
Lingcod, fillets,
R
Sole, Petrale,
fillets, R
Flounder, starry,
fillets, R
Sole, English,
fillets, R
Perk, liver, R
Trout, trown
(SAIMCN TROTTA) ,
R
Pike, walleye
(STIZCSTEDION V.
VITREOM). R
Pickerel, chain
(ESCX NIGEE) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.0093
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.00
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0. 06
0.01-0.02
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
30 D.S. cities,
1972-1973 (30)
Baltimore region,
1970-1971 (6)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (20)
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ] (12)
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ] (20)
OSA, [ ] (1)
Cohocton River,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Lake Champlain,
N.T., 1969 (3)
Cayuga Lake, N.Y.,
1969 (3)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Childs and Gaffke,
197 «
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
D ecapit at ed ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM ONCONTAMINATED ABEAS, BY CATEGOFYAND DECFEASING CONCEKTFATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
OILS, FATS,
SHORTENING
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Trout, lake
(SA1VELINOS
NAMAYCDSH) , F
Trout, lake
(SAIVELINUS
NAMAYCDSH) , R
Trout, lake
(SAIVELINUS
NAMAYCDSH) , F
Bass, largemouth
(MICECFTEEUS
SALBOIDES) , R
Total diet sample
(2) , 0
Clan, hard
(HEECENABIA
MERCENAEIA) , B
Tctal diet sample
(10), K
Total diet sample
(10), R
Total diet sample
(10), E
Total diet sample
(10), R
Tctal diet sample
(10), R
Tctal diet sample
(10), E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.01
0. 122
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.027
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
[]
[]
0.01-0.02
0. 098-0.159
0.02-0.01
0.02-0. OH
0.02-0.03
0.01-0. 06
[]
0.01-0.01
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0. 01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Hemlock Lake, N.Y. ,
1969 (3)
Canandaigua Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (3)
Canadice Lake,
N.Y., 1969 (1)
Cayuga Lake, N.Y. ,
1969 (1)
Kansas city region.
1970-1971 (6)
Atlantic Ocean,
Chincoteague Bay,
1971 (10)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973 (30)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Baltimore region.
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Zook et al. , 1976
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Corneliussen, 1972
Jchnson and Manske,
1976
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
DECONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
OILS, FATS,
SHORTENING
FCOD, |
FPCCESSING |
METHOD
Total diet sample
(10), H
Tctal diet sample
(10), R
Tctal diet sample
(10) , E
Tctal diet sample
(10), B
Tctal diet sample
(10), B
Tctal diet sample
(10), a
Total diet sample
(10), B
Total diet sample
(10), R
Total diet sample
(10), R
Tctal diet sample
(10), R
Tctal diet sample
(10), R
Total diet sample
(10) , R
MEAN
(KG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
C.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
BET WT.)
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. OH
0.01-0. OU
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. 0«
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. 02
AKAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JFM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.01 0
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Minneapolis region.
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region.
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region.
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas city region,
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
30 O.S. cities.
1973-1971 (30)
Boston region.
1971-1972 (7)
Boston region,
1970-1971 (6)
Baltimore region.
1970-1971 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
__
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
(NEXT FACE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOBYAND DECPEASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
OILS, FATE,
SHOKTENINC
OTHER
FOOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
MEIHCD
Oil, corn, 0
Milk, P
Type A school
lunch, 0
Type A school
lunch, C
Type A school
lunch, C
Type A school
lunch, C
Type A school
lunch, 0
Type A school
lunch, C
Dextrimaltose, 0
Carrot, F
Padish, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.003
0.027 (median)
0.01U mg
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.013 ing
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.012 mg
(total)
0.009
1. 5 (dry basis)
1.01 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
[]
0. 0200-0. 03UO
[]
o. 009-0. om
mg
n
[]
[]
n
[]
0.66-1. 5U
(dry basis)
ANAI.
METHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AA?, <0.0027
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Illinois, [ ] («)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
[] (33)
W region of DSA,
1966 (32)
All regions of
O.S., 1966 (300)
NE region DSA, 1966
(51)
SE region of USA,
1966 (91)
SW region of USA,
1966 («8)
MW region of USA,
1966 (78)
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968 (1)
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] («)
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri, [ ] (12)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Finkerton et al., 1973
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al., 1971b
Ready to eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al., 1971a
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Eeady-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 197lb
Substitute milk
product. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197H
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
HCOT
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Potato, F
Parsnip, E
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Potato (Total
diet sample) • 0
Potato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Potato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , O
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , o
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.28 (dry
basis)
o. 140*
0.06
0.06
0. 05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.03-0. 1«
0.02-0.09
0.03-0. 10
0.02-0.09
0.02-0. 10
0. 03-0. 08
0.02-0. 13
0.02-0. 12
AliAl.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01C
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ] («)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas city region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities,
1973-1974 (30)
30 0. S. cities,
1972-1973 (30)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 sguare
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAB1E A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FHOM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
BOOT
VHGETABUS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Potato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Tctal diet sample
P) . o
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctato (Total
diet sample) , 0
Beet, greens, R
Turnip, roots, E
Tctal diet sample
(7) . 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.OU6
0.0«
O.OU
0.01
C.OU
O.OU
0.0«
O.Ofl
0.036
0.030*
0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
0.02-0.08
0.01-0.06
0.03-0.07
0.02-0.07
0.03-0.08
0.02-0.07
0.02-0.08
[]
0.02-0.07
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Kansas City region,
1970-1971 (6)
Baltimore region.
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas City region.
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region,
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region.
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region.
1970-1971 (6)
DSA, [ ] (1)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
Baltimore region.
1971-1972 (7)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197H
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Hanske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
HOOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(7) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Badish, R
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Pctatc (Total
diet sample) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT. )
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.021
0.020*
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0.06
0.02-0.04
0.02-O.OU
0.01-0, 31
0.02-0.04
0.02-0. 04
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
ANAl.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
AAS or P,
0. 010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01C
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region,
1970-1971 (6)
24 U.S. cities,
1973-1974 (24)
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 45
kg per 360 sguare
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and.
Corneliussen, 1974
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIN ATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEl?OPr
ROOT
VEGETABLES
PCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(7) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Total diet sample
(7) . 0
Total diet sample
HI , o
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Total diet sample
(7) , 0
Total diet sample
(7) , 0
Total diet sample
(7) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Tctal diet sample
(7) , 0
Beet, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.009*
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
o. 01-0. cm
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.01
0.01-0. Of
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.02
0.02-0.05
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS or p.
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or p,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Boston region.
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1911-1972 (7)
Kansas City region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970 (6)
Baltimore region.
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region.
1969-197C (6)
Kansas City region,
1969-1970 (6)
30 U.S. cities.
19^2-1973 (30)
Baltimore region.
1970-1971 (6)
Kansas City region,
1970-1971 (6)
Vermont, [ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 15
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. POODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
I CATEGORY
RCOT
VEGETABLES
SUGARS ANE
AEJONCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Carrot, R
Potato, R
Onicn, R
Onion, yellow, R
Syrup, corn.
dark, R
Syrup, corn.
light, R
Tctal diet sample
(11) , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.008*
0.003*
0.003*
0.00
0.021 (dry
basis)
0.020 (dry
basis)
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
u
0.01-0.02
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(TPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS,
-------
TABIE A.1. CADMIUM IN 0. S. FOODS FROH
UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOBYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
I
SDGARS ANt
AtJUNCTS
I
I
FCOD, |
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(11). C
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Total diet sample
(11) . C
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
I
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-C.02
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.02
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.09
ARAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
A AS or P,
0.01
AAS or p,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS OC P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971 (6)
Boston region,
1970-1971 (6)
Baltimore region,
1970-1971 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972 (7)
Kansas City region,
1971-1972 (7)
Baltimore region,
1969-1970 (6)
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970 (6)
Boston region,
1969-1970 (6)
30 O.S. cities,
1972-1973 (30)
30 U.S. cities,
1973-197« (30)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORYAND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
SUGARS ANT
AEJUNCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Salt, iodized, E
Salt, iodized, R
Sugar, E
Total diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Tctal diet sample
(11), 0
Total diet sample
(11), C
Sugar, refined, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0083
0.006
0.00
<0.05
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0. 00003
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[ ]
n
[]
0.01
0.02
[]
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFB)
AAS or P,
0.01
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.05
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.01
AAS cr P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS, 0.00003
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Eepresentative U.S.
cities, 1973 (30)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] (1)
USA, [ ] ([ ])
Baltimore region,
1971-1972 (7)
Boston region,
1971-1972 (7)
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970 (6)
Kansas City region,
1969-1970 (6)
OSA, [ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Fommez and Clarke,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Pommez and Clarice,
1975
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
FCCC,
( PROCESSING
MITHOE
_
Apple, E
Bass, largemouth, R
Bass, larcemouth
(MICBOPTIJOE
SALMCIDES) , R
Bass, silver , R
Bass, snallncuth
(MICBOPTEFUE
DCLCMIEUI) , P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.005
0.036
0.020
0.016
0.01U
<0.010
0.028
0.025
0.022
0.022
0.021
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0. 020-0. 01*8
[ ]
C ]
[ ]
[ ]
C ]
[ ]
NDMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
11
3
3
2
1
8
6
2
1
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCt,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bass, smallnouth
(MICBCPTETUS
DCLCMIEUI) , R
Bass, striped (MORONE
SAXATILIS) , R
Bass, white, R
Bean, F
Bean, green, 5
Bean, kidney, red, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.019
0.016
0.01U
0.01U
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.060
0.2U
<0.5 (dry
basis)
0.052
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
C ]
[]
[ ]
NUMBEE
OF
SAMPLES
1
10
10
3
2
5
6
25
a
11
1
ANSI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
NT, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
LOCATION, |
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Canandaigua Lake,
N.Y., 1969
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969
Lake Ontario, 1969
Chenango River,
N.Y., 1969
Utowana Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Canadice Lake, N.T.,
1969
Hudson Eiver, N.Y.,
1969
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri. , [ ]
OSA, [ ]
COMMENTS
PEFERENCES
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Pillay et al., 1973
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATET AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
KCt, |
PFCCESSING |
METHOD
Bean, lima, E
Bean, navy, 0
Bean, string, R
Bean, yellcw eye, 0
Beef, chuck, F
Bee f , kidney, R
Eeef, liver, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.00
0.015
0.003*
0.012
0.02U
1.00
0.31
0.22
0.200
0.2
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
NUHBEH
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
[]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEH)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
'JSA , [ ]
USA, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 sguare
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Dried
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATET AKEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Eeef, liver, R
Beet, R
Eeet, greens, R
Buckwheat, seed, R
Bullhead (ICTALOBUS
sp.) , R
Bullhead, trcwn
(ICTALUHDS sp.) , R
Bullhead, yellow, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.16
0.009*
0.036
0.072
0.027
0.019
0.018
0.013
0.023
0.03U
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[ ]
0. 021-0. 019
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
[ ]
1
1
3
3
1
3
1
6
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Blue Mountain Lake,
N.Y., 1969
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y. , 1969
Canadice Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Hemlock Lake, N.Y. ,
1969
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969
Wintergreen Lake,
Michigan, [ ]
COMMENTS
EEFEEENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 15
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Mathis and Kevern,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN O.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cabbage, red, u
Cabbage, white, R
Carrot, F
Carrot, R
Catfish, channel, R
Catfish, channel
(TCTALURDS sp.) , R
Catfish, channel.
cultured (ICTALOBDS
PCNCTATOS) , S
Catfish, channel, wild
(TCTALUROE PUNCTATUS) ,
P
Chicory, F
Clan, hard, R
MEAN
(MG /KG,
WET WT.)
0.007
0.008
1.5 (dry
tasis)
0.008*
0.057
0.023
0.079
0.016
0.038
0. 188
BANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
0.020-0. 152
0.000-0.091
NUMBER
OF I
SAMPLES
1
1
a
n
25
6
5
5
1
1
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [J
Sp. , 0.05 ug
NT, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
Lake Champlain,
N.Y., 1969
Mississippi and
Arkansas, 1971
Louisiana, [ ]
0S A, [ ]
New England, USA, ( ]
_
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FEOM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Clam, hard (MERCENARIA
MERCENAFIA) , I
Clam, scft (MYA
AFENARIA) , R
Clam, Ecftshell, B
Clam, surf (SPISDLA
SCLIDISSIMA) , E
Cocoa, R
Cod, Atlantic (GAEUS
MORHDA) , F
Coffee, ground, E
Coffee, instant, E
Corn, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET ST.)
0.122
0.18U
0.21
0.061
0.256
0.060
O.OU8
0.013
0.071
0.25U (dry
basis)
0.121
0.072
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
0.098-0.159
0.059-0.293
0.10-0.90
0.000-0.098
0.000-0.155
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
10
10
[]
10
1
1
10
1
1
U
It
U
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
AAS, []
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Atlantic Ocean,
Chincoteague Bay,
1971
Chesapeake Bay, 1971
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ]
Maryland, 1971
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Ronk, 1971
Zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroedec and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al., 1976
Schroedec and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Defatted, dry- milled
flour
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Cheese- flavored snack
food
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Corn chips (Snack
food, brand A)
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATEt AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Corn, 0
Ccrn, R
Ccrn (ZEA MAYS L. ) ,
grain, R
Corn, dent, whole
kernel, R
Corn, fresh, *
Corn, white, 0
Ccrn, white, sweet, C
Corn, vihole kernel,
white, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
0.070
0.065
0.019
0.00
0.00
0.8 (dry
basis)
0.055 (dry
basis)
0.075
0.022 (dry
basis)
0.013 (dry
basis)
0.031
0.061 (dry
basis)
O.OU2 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[]
C ]
0.035-0.118
(dry basis)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBEE |
OF |
SAMPLES
U
1
U
1
1
2
11
1
4
U
U
6
6
ANAL.
MSTHrm,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, <0.0027
Sp. , 0.05 'ug
AAS, <0.0027
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Illinois, [ ]
New Hampshire, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
USA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
Representative O.S.
corn states, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Texas, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
COMMENTS |
REFERENCES
Breakfast flakes
Garcia et al. , 1971b
Meal, special
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Corn chips (Snack
food, brand B)
Garcia et al. , 1974b
Dried, old
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
On cob
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
No known contamination
Kirkham, 1975
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Meal
Garcia et al., 197
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATET APEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Corn, whole kernel,
w hi t e , F
Ccrn, whole kernel,
yellow, E
Corn, yellcw, 0
Corn, yellcw, sweet, C
Corn, yellcw, whole
kernel, F
Crab (CALIINECTES
SAPIDUS) , p
Crab, blue
(CALLINEC1ES EAFIDUS) ,
0
Crab, king, body meat
(PABALITHCDES
CAMECHATICA) , 0
Crab, king, leg meat
(PAEALITHCEF.S
CAM ECHATICA) , 0
Crappie, Hack
(FOMOXIS
NIGBOHACCIAinS) , E
l_ _ _
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
0.035 (dry
basis)
0.1U8 (dry
basis)
0.065 (dry
basis)
0.039 (dry
basis)
0.060
O.OU2 (dry
basis)
O.OItt
0.005
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.101
0.121
0.072
0.015
EANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
0.020-0.158
0.020-0.189
0.000-0.158
[ ]
NUMBEB
OF
SAMPLES
6
6
6
6
1»
U
tt
«
23
10
10
10
3
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
PATE OF
SAMPLING
Indiana, [ ]
Kansas and Missouri,
[]
Iowa, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Chesapeake Bay, 1971
Cook's Inlet,
Alaska, 1970-1971
Cook's Inlet,
Alaska, 1970-1971
Lake George, N.Y.,
1969
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Garcia et al. , 197tta
Garcia et al., 197«a
Garcia et al., 197Ua
Garcia et al., 197
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROB UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC, |
PROCESSING |
METHOD
Crappie, Hack
(EOMCXIS
NIGECMACOIATTJS) , B
Croaker (MICPOPOGON
UNPOLATOS) , K
Deer, kidney, B
Deer, kidney, left, P
Deer, kidney, right, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.012
O.OU (dry
tasis)
11.7
6.58
U.12
3.70
2.33
2.37
2. 10
3.60
U.02
PANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
27
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OP
SAMPLING
Conesus Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Georgia estuary, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIHATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCt,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Peer, liver, R
Dex trimaltcse, 0
Crum (STELLIFER
LANCELCLATDS) , R
Drum, freshwater, R
Drum, freshwater
(APLCDINCTCS
GRONNIENS) , R
Duck, ruddy, liver
(OXYORA JAKAICENSIS) ,
P
Escarole, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.7H
0.56
O.f»l»
0.35
0.009
0.04 (dry
tasis)
0.077
0.029
0.01U
0.61
0.016
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.27-1.60
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
1
1
1
32
25
19
3
8
1
ANAL.
METHCT,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
NT, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
OSA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969
Lake Champlain,
N. Y. , 1969
New Jersey, 1973
OSA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Substitute milk
product. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Pillay et al. , 1973
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
White and Kaiser, 197
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
(NEXT FACE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FFOM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Fish, mixed species, B
Pish, mixed species,
whole, f
Flounder, starry.
fillets, ?
Flounder, yellovtail
(LIMANtA TERRHGINEA) ,
R
Flour, Nc. 1, p
Flour, No. 2, H
Haddock (HEIA NOGRAMMOS
AEC5LFFINOS) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.08
0.08
0.03
0.02
0.008
0.028
0.088
0.075
0.059
O.OK6
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01-0. 17
0.05-1.80
0.05-0.21
0.05-0.5D
[ ]
0.000-0.059
0.000-0.083
NUMBER
OP
SAMPLES
«8
391
66
581
12
10
1
1
1
10
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
MS, [ ]
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.05
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
New York, 1969-1970
98 U.S. stations.
1972
17 USA stations.
1973
100 USA stations,
1971
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Atlantic Ocean,
South Georges Bank,
1971
Minneapolis, [ ]
Minneapolis, [ ]
Minneapolis, [ ]
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Data for individual
fish given by authors.
Tong et al. , 1972
Average computed
assuming Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
samples.
Walsh et al., 1977
Average computed
assuming Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
sample.
Walsh et al., 1977
Average computed
assuming Cd to be zero
in "undetected"
samples.
Walsh et al., 1977
Childs and Gaffke,
197H
Zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN O.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS,
(CONTINUED)
ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOC
Hake, fillets, R
Hake, Pacific
(MERLUCCICS
EEOEUCTUS) , R
Hake, silver
(MERLCCCICE
BILINEARIS) , E
Halibut, Pacific
(HIPPOGLOEECS
S1ENOLEPIE) , R
Kale, R
Kohlrabi, leaves, R
Lamb, chefs, R
Lamb, kidney, R
Lettuce, I
Lettuce, early curled,
R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET ST.)
0.01U
0.020
0.0l»7
O.OU6
0.038
0.02«
0.015
0. 1«
0.8l» (dry
basis)
0.005*
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.000-0.059
0.000-0.200
0.009-0.080
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF |
SAMPLES
12
10
10
10
1
1
1
1
u
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, []
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, []
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Pacific Ocean,
Gray's Harbor, 1971
Atlantic Ocean,
Ipwich Bay, 1971
Pacific Ocean, Gulf
of Alaska, 1970
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
tISA, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al, 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 15
Kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM ONCONTABINA1EE AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINDED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Lettuce, garden, R
Lettuce, iceberg, R
Lettuce, leaf, E
Lingcod, fillets, R
Lobster, claw, R
Lobster, spiny
(PANULIPflS EOREALIS) ,
0
Lobster, tail, H
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.017
o.ouo*
0.010
1.2 (dry
basis)
0.224
0.009
0. 101
0. 133
0.132
RANGE
(BG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
0.60-1.85
(dry basis)
[ ]
C ]
0.059-0.233
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
[]
1
11
10
12
1
10
1
ANAL.
METHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, C ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
OSA, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri, [ ]
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Maine, f ]
Atlantic ocean,
Florida, [ ]
Maine, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
"7.25 ppn Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
19€3
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Sanples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Childs and Gaffke,
197
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM DNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
PCOC,
PROCESSING
MITHOE
Milk, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0«2
0.010
0.039
0.038
0.035
0.021
0.021
0.020
0.006
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
It
a
a
a
a
4
4
4
315
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
California, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Evaporated and canned.
Brand 1. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Canned, evaporated,
Brand U . Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Soy flour added;
Formula 3. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Canned, evaporated.
Brand 3. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Shea, 1971
Canned, evaporated,
Brand 2. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Lamb meat added;
Formula 1. Assayed as
purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Modified, Foruula 2.
Assayed as purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Modified, Formula 1.
Assayed as purchased.
Murthy and Rhea, 1971
Composite of nonfat.
lowfat, regular, and
extrarich
Bruhn and Franke, 1974
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN D.S. FOODS
PROM UNCONTAHINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, B
MilK, Fall, R
Milk, human, B
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.t ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
O.U uq/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(vet wt.)
0.026
0.026
0.005U
0.027
(median)
O.U3 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
0.019
0.0111
(median)
I
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
0.017-0.030
0.020-0.037
[ ]
0. 0200-0. 03UO
[ ]
[ ]
0.0088-0. 1335
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
i»
5
1
305
32
[]
33
U
22
23
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
61 U.S. cities.
1965-1967
Cincinnati, Ohio, [ ]
California, [ ]
Cincinnati, Ohio, [ ]
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Cincinnati, Ohio,
1968
Cincinnati, Ohio, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Winter samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.U to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Fall samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd 0.1 to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Summer samples from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.U to C.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Spring sample from
unpolluted area. Soil
cont'd O.U to 0.6 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Murthy and Phea, 1968
Murthy and Rhea, 1968
Bruhn and Franke, 1975
Pinkerton et al., 1973
"Normal" exposure
farm.
Dorn et al. , 1973
Murthy and Phea, 1971
Pinkerton et al., 1973
PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
NF.THOE
Milk, pasteurized.
Fall, R
Milk, pasteurized.
Spring, P
Milk, skim, 0
Milk, Spring, R
Milk, Sumirer, R
Milk, whcle, o
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.024
(median)
0.027
(median)
0.026
(median)
0.0024 (dry
tasis)
0.30 ug/10C
ml (wet wt.)
0.0030
0.31 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
0.0029 (dry
basis)
0.0023 (dry
basis)
0.0019 (dry
basis)
0.0017 (dry
basis)
0.0016 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.018-0.039
0.018-0.037
0. 017-0. 041
[ ]
0.0018-0.0038
[]
[ ]
[ ]
t ]
t ]
[ ]
NUMBER |
OF
SAMPLES
59
59
59
2 or 3
1
5
5
2 or 3
2 or 3
2 or 3
2 or 3
2 or 3
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.0005
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
59 U.S. cities, 1965
59 U.S. cities, 1965
59 U.S. Cities, 1967
OSA, [ ]
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Galena, Kansas, 1972
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Pinkerton et al., 1972
Pinkerton et al., 1972
Pinkerton et al., 1972
Dried, foam-spray
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
"Normal" exposure farm
Dorn et al. , 1973
Low exposure area; >3
km downwind fron lead
smelter.
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1971
"Normal" exposure farm
Dorn et al. , 1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
Freeze- dried
Cornell and Pallansch,
1973
o
o
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAB1E A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABFTICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCD,
PPOCESSING
METHOD
Milk, whole, 0
Milk, Winter, p
Muskie (ESCX
MASCDINONGY) , R
Mussel, R
Mussel (MYTILUS
CM.IFORNIANCS) , R
Oats, 0
Oats, seed, R
Oats, whcle, P
Oil, corn, C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.0016
0.0007 (dry
rasis)
O.«0 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
O.OOUU
0.01U
0. 1U7
1.88
0.163
0.127
0.024
0.081
0.003
KANGE
(BG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[ ]
0.0031-0.0054
1.43-2.63
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2 or 3
2 or 3
4
U
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
U
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
P, 0.0005
P, 0.0005
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.0027
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
Reynolds County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Beltsville,
Maryland, 1973
Waneta Lake, N.Y.,
1969
New England, USA, [ ]
California coast,
1973
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch
1973
Freeze-dried
Cornell and Pallansch
1973
"Normal" exposure far
Dorn et al. , 1973
"Normal" exposure are
Lagerwerff and Brower
197U
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Vattuone et al., 1976
Oatmeal
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Precooked
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Schroeder and Balassa
1961
Garcia et al. , 197«b
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE, |
PROCESSING |
METHOD
Onion, F
Onion, yellc», E
Oyster, C
Oyster, H
Oyster (CEASSOSTB F.A
VIPGINICA) , H
Oyster, eastern, E
Oyster, Quahaug,
northern, P,
MEAN
(KG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.003*
0.00
1.598
0.715
0.605
2.06
0.621
0.62
3. 10
0.19
RANGE
{MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[ ]
C ]
1.60-2.37
0.375-1.29
0.05-1.61
0.10-7.80
0.10-0.73
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[]
1
1
6
1
10
10
108
[ ]
[ ]
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
NT, 0.05
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Vermont, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Cape Cod, 0SA, [ ]
Cape Cod, USA, [ ]
Long Island Sound,
1971
Chesapeake Bay, 1971
Mobile Bay,
1968-1969
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ]
Atlantic coastal
waters, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppro Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 36C square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Kopfler and Mayer,
1973
Ponk, 1971
Ronk, 1971
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Parsnip, I
Pea, F
Pea , green, 0
Pea r green, R
Peanut, 0
Perch (BAIRDIELLA
CHRYSURA) , R
Perch, ocean (SEBASTES
MARINOS) , R
Perch, yellcw, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.1HO*
O.U2 (dry
basis)
0.00
O.OUO
0.001*
0.130
0.12 (dry
tasis)
0.069
0.057
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
u
0.000-0.200
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[]
U
1
1
U
1
5
10
25
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
HAS, []
NT, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Vermont, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Atlantic Ocean, Gulf
of Maine, 1971
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried, split
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of «5
kg per 360 sguare
meters. Soil pH vs£
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
Roasted, fresh
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Zook et al. , 1976
Pillay et al. , 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
TCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Perch, yellcv, R
Perch, yellcv (PEBCA
sp. ), R
Pickerel (ESOX NIGER) ,
R
Pickerel, chain (ESOX
NIGER) , R
Pike, northern (ESOX
LDCIDE) , R
Pike, walleye
(STIZOSTECICN V.
VITFIDB) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
O.OUO
0.051
0.016
0.012
0.018
o.om
<0.010
O.OI»5
0.018
o.om
0.06U
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET HT. )
0.019-0.073
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
( 1
[ ]
(• ]
(• ]
NUMBER |
Of |
SAMPLES
13
2
10
2
3
3
3
U
2
5
1
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
I
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Sintergreen Lake,
Michigan, [ ]
Susguehanna River,
N.Y., 1969
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969
Canadice Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Hemlock Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Trout Lake, N.Y. ,
1969
Cayuga Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Butterfield Lake,
N.Y., 1969
Indian Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Lake George, N.Y.,
1969
Susquehanna River,
N.Y., 1969
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Mathis and Kevern,
1975
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FEOM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pike, walleye
(STIZOSTETICN V.
VITEEUM) , E
Pollock (POLLACHDIS
7IRENS) , F
Pcpccrn, khcle kernel.
unpcpped, B
Pork, chops, R
Pork, kidney, E
Perk, liver, E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
BET HT.)
0.016
0.015
<0.010
0.048
0.008
0.025
0.60
0.29
0.25
0.17
0.15
0.100
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
0.000-0. 110
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
8
a
3
10
a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, O.C10
AAS, O.C10
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, <0.0027
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., O.C5 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969
Lake Champlain,
N.Y., 1969
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, 1971
Illinois, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS |
REFERENCES (
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Zook et al. , 1976
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Schroedet and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pork, liver, P
Potato, F
Pctato, P
Potato (Total diet
sample) , c
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.1
0.00
0.28 (dry
tasis)
0.003*
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[ ]
0.03-0. 14
0.02-0.09
0.03-0.10
0.02-0.09
0.02-0. 10
0.03-0.08
NUMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
a
[]
7
7
7
6
7
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
Boston region.
1971-1972
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balass
1961
Schroeder and Balass
1961
"Normal" exposure ar
Lagerwerff and Browe
197«
Superphosphate
fertilizer containin
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of 1
Kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balass
1963
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
o
to
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABIE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM CNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Potato (Total diet
sample) , C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.05
0.05
0.0i»6
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
O.Ott
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02-0.13
0.02-0.12
[]
0.02-0.08
0.01-0.06
0.03-0.07
0.02-0.07
0.02-0.07
0.02-0.08
0.02-O.OU
0.02-0. 0
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
rccc, i
PROCESSING
METHOD
Babbit, wild, male.
kidney, p
flabbit, wild, male.
liver, R
Kadish, p
Rhubarb, I
B ic e , o
Rockfish, nixed
species, F
Fockfish, crange,
fillets, F
Pye, whole, R
MEAN |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
3.58
0.30
1.01 (dry
basis)
0.020*
0.57 (dry
kasis)
0.038
0.031
0.088
0.01U
0.00
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT. )
0.66-1.5U
(dry basis)
[]
[]
0. 000-0. 07«
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
12
[]
4
1
10
1U
12
1
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
t
I -
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Howard, Boone and
Audrain Counties,
Missouri, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Pacific Ocean, coast
of California, 1971
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Normal exposure area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of U5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197 a
Precooked
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Childs and Gaffke,
197«
Childs and Gaffke,
1970
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AFEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
MTTHOt
Salmon, C
Salmon, Ccho, R
Salmon, Coho
(CNCORHYNCHOS
KISDTCR) , P
Salmon, old, liver, a
Salmon, scckeye
(CNCORHYNCHOS NIRKA) ,
C
Salmon, ycung, liver,
E
Salt, icdized, R
Scallop, Atlantic
(AEQUIPECIHN
IRRADIAN3) , H
BEAN
(KG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.017
0.039
0.02U
0.019
0.016
0. 15
0.067
0. 19
0.006
0.00
0.035
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
n
n
t ]
0.038-0.159
0.000-0.100
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
25
9
6
3
1
10
1
1
1
10
[
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LI KIT
(PFM)
Sp. , 0.05 ug
NT, t ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
AAS, []
I
I _ _ _ _ _
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
.
Alaska, [ ]
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
Cattaraugus Creek,
N.Y., 1969
Lake Erie, eastern
end, 1969
Spring Brook, N.Y.,
1969
DSA, [ ]
Pacific, Naknek
River, 1971
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Nantucket Island,
1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Pillay et al., 1973
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Zook et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
JCOE, |
PROCESSING
METHOD
Scallop, calico
(AEQUIPEC1EN GIEBGS) ,
R
Scallop, reck
(HINNITES
MULTIKUGOSOS) , R
Scallop, smooth
(PLACOPEC-IEN
MAGELLANICDS) , R
Shrimp, C
Shrimp (PINAEOS
AZTECOS) , R
Shrimp (PINAEUS
SETIFERDS) , R
Shrimp, Alaskan, mixed
species, C
Shrimp, brciin (PENAEUS
A7TECDS) , 0
Shrimp, pink (PANEALOS
ECREALIS) , C
Shrimp, white (PENAEDS
SITIFERUS) , 0
Shrimp, white (PENAEUS
SETIFERUS) , R
Snapper, red (LOTJANUS
CAMFECHANDS) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
2.3U
31.2
0.136
0. 100
0.07 (dry
basis)
O.OU (dry
basis)
0.069
0.0«5
0.069
0.079
O.OU9
0.057
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
1.57-3.19
1.8-H6.8
O.OUO-0.23U
[]
[]
0.018-0. 11 a
0.000-0.119
0.000-0.200
0.056-0.112
0.000-0.076
0.000-0.119
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
10
11
10
1
11
82
10
10
10
10
10
11
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Atlantic Ocean, Cape
Canaveral, Fla. ,
1971-1972
California coast,
1973
Atlantic ocean.
South Channel, 1971
USA, [ ]
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Pacific Ocean, S of
Marmot Island,
Alaska, 1971
Gulf of Mexico, 1971
Atlantic Ocean,
Middle Bank, [ ]
Gulf of Mexico, 1971
Atlantic, Cape
Canaveral, 1971
Gulf of Mexico, 1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
Vattuone et al. , 1976
Only abductor muscle
analyzed
Zook et al. , 1976
Fresh, cooked
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Edible muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al., 1975
Edible muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Cooked, peeled and
deveined tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Raw peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Ban peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Raw peeled tails
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
Zook et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
MITHOE
Scle, Dover, fillets,
R
Scle, English ,
fillets, R
Scle, Petrale,
fillets, R
Sole, Rex, fillets, R
Scle, sand, fillets, R
Spinach, I!
Spot (LEICS10MDS
JtANIHORUS) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01U
0.01
0.013
0.007
0.012
0.008
0.026
0.012
0.01U
0.006
O.OU (dry
basis)
I
I
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
C ]
[ ]
n
c]
[ i
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
12
20
12
20
12
20
20
12
12
1
3U
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, northern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
Oregon, southern
coast, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Georgia estuary, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Childs and Gaffke,
1971
Childs ana Gaffke,
1971
Childs and Gaffke,
197 U
Childs and Gaffke,
1971
Childs and Gaffke,
197«
Childs and Gaffke,
1971
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Childs and Gaffke,
Childs and Gaffke,
197U
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATET AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Squirrel, grey, male.
kidney, B
Squirrel, red, female,
kidney, R
Squirrel, red, fercale,
liver, R
Squirrel, red, tale.
kidney, R
Squirrel, red, rale.
liver, R
Squirrel, rock, liver.
R
Sturgeon (ACIPENSEP
sp.) , B
Sturgeon, Atlantic
(ACIPENSER sp.) , R
Suqar, R
Sugar, refined, R
Swordfish, R
MEAN
(MS/KG.
WKT WT.)
3.62
17.35
0.80
7.97
2.03
6.1 (dry
basis)
0.026
0.092
<0.05
<0. 00003
0.037
1 _____
RANGE
(NG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.1-55.8 (dry
basis)
[ ]
[]
[]
C ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
1
1
1
108
11
14
[]
[]
1
ANAI. |
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
Sp., C.C5 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.00003
Sp. , 0.05 ug
I
1 _ _ __
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
tlSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Utah, 197U-1976
St. Lawrence River,
N.Y., 1969
Hudson River, N.Y.,
1969
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
(
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Cd content of soil.
0.8-11. 5 ppia (dry
basis)
Sharma and Shupe, 1977
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated ,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Poramez and Clarke,
1975
Pommez and Clarke,
1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Syrup, corn, dark, R
Syrup, cctn, light, R
Tea, black, R
Tea , green, R
Tctnato, F
Tomato, C
Tcmato, P
Tctal diet sample (1) ,
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
VET WT.)
0.021 (dry
tasis)
0.020 (dry
basis)
0.050
0.200
0.22 (dry
basis)
0.021
0.017
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.005
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
C]
[ ]
C ]
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01-0. 1 a
C ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
«
«
1
1
u
1
1
1
7
6
30
30
ANAL.
METHOD,
PETECTION
LIMIT
(PEN)
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, <0.0027
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , O.C5 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Illinois, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Beltsville,
Maryland, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Boston region,
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities,
1973-1970
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Garcia et al. , 197Ub
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
"Normal" exposure area
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Juice
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Kanske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Bahaffey et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIDM IN O.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIMATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple (1) ,
0
Tctal diet sanple
(10), R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
[ ]
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.06
0.02-0. OK
0.02-O.OU
0.02-0.03
NUMBER
OP
SAMPLES
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
30
6
7
6
ANM.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIBTT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Boston region.
1971-1972
Baltimore region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1971-1972
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970
Baltimore region.
1969-197C
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970
Kansas City region.
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973
Minneapolis region.
1970-1971
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
CO K M EN T S
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2, CADHIUM IN D.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEE AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
fcor,
PROCESSING
NITHOC
Tctal diet saiple
(10), R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.03
0.027
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET MT.)
0.01-0.06
[ ]
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. 01
0.01-0. 0«
0.01-0.03
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0. 01
0.01-0.07
NDMBER
OF
SAMPLES
30
30
7
7
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
30
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LI KIT
(PPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or F,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
30 U.S. cities,
1972-1973
Representative d.S.
cities, 1973
Baltimore region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971
Kansas City region.
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region.
1969-1970
Los Angeles region.
1969-1970
Kansas City region.
1969-1970
Boston region.
1969-1970
30 D.S. cities.
1973-197U
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Hanske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Manske and
Corneliussen, 19 74
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Manske and Johnson,
1977
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple
(10) , R
Total diet sample
(11), 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.02
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.03
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
7
ANAl.
METHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or p,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION, |
DATE OF |
SAMPLING
Boston region,
1971-1972
Boston region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1970-1971
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971
Boston region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197(1
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTANINA7ED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple
(11), 0
Total diet sanple
(12), 0
_
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0083
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.0057
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.09
[]
[]
[]
0.01
0.02
0.01-0.01
[ ]
0.01
0.01
_
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
6
6
30
30
30
7
7
6
6
6
30
6
6
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Baltimore region.
1969-1970
Los Angeles region,
1969-19-70
Boston region.
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973
30 U.S. cities.
1973-1974
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
Baltimore region.
1971-1972
Boston region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
Kansas City region,
1969-1970
Kansas City region,
1969-1970
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
Baltimore region.
1969-1970
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Bahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
Hahaffey et al., 1975
Corneliussen, 1972
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FKON UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
TCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple
(12), 0
Total diet sanple (2),
0
I
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
<0.01
<0. 01
<0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
PANGS
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.01
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.00
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01-0.00
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
30
6
7
6
21
7
7
7
6
6
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Kansas City region,
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities,
1972-1973
6 U.S. cities,
1973-19714
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972
Boston region,
1969-1970
21 U.S. cities,
1973-197U
Boston region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971
Boston region,
1970-1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Corneliussen, 1972
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1970
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEE AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample (2) ,
0
Total diet sample (3) ,
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0093
<0.01
O.OU
O.OU
0.03
0.03
0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET BT. )
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.06
[]
0.01-0.02
0.02-0.05
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.03
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
6
6
6
6
30
30
6
7
6
7
7
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Dt al diet sample (3) ,
MEAN
(BG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.028
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01-0.07
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.05
[ ]
0.01-0.02
0.01-O.Ott
0.01-0.01
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.02-0.06
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
7
6
30
30
30
6
6
7
6
6
6
I
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PfM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Boston region.
1970-1971
Kansas City region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973
30 U.S. cities.
1973-197U
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971
Kansas City region.
1970-1971
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972
Baltimore region.
1969-1970
Los Angeles region.
1969-197C
Kansas City region.
1969-1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Hanske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAHINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOC,
PROCESSING
NBTHOE
Total diet sauple (3) ,
0
Total diet sample (5),
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.051
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.0
0.02-0.20
0.03-0.10
0,02-0. 11
0.02-0. 10
[]
0.02-0.08
0.03-0.08
0.02-0.09
0.03-0.10
0.01-0.28
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
7
6
6
6
6
30
7
6
7
6
30
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
197C-1971
Boston region,
1969-1970
Boston region.
1970-1971
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
Representative O.S.
cities, 1973
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1970
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1970
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE, |
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample (5) ,
0
Total diet sample (5),
0
Total diet sample (6) ,
0
1
(
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET MT.)
0.04
0.03
0.03
0,03
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.) -
0.01-0. 1U
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.06
0.01-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.01-O.Oa
0.03-0.11
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.03
NUMBER
OP
SAMPLES
30
7
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
HATE OF
SAMPLING
30 U.S. cities,
1973-197K
Boston region,
1971-1972
Kansas City region,
1969-1970
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region,
1969-1970
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972
Boston region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region,
1971-1972
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region,
1969-1970
Boston region,
1969-1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FBOM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCt,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple (6) ,
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.003
0.003
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0. 01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT. )
0.0 1-0. 10
0.01-0.02
0.02
0.01-0.02
[ ]
0.01
0.01
n
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01-0.03
NUKBEE
OF
SAMPLES
8
6
6
6
30
6
6
7
7
6
6
30
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PfM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or F,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
8 D.S. cities.
1973-197H
Kansas City region,
1970-1971
Boston region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region.
1970-1971
Representative D.S.
cities, 1973
Minneapolis region.
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region.
1971-1972
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
Kansas City region.
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities.
1972-1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Kanske and
Corneliussen, 197(»
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FPOM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample (7),
0
MEAN
(HG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.021
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(HG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03-0.08
0.02-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.31
[ ]
0.02-O.Ott
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.05
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.01
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
7
6
21
30
7
7
6
6
7
7
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or t,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Boston region.
1969-1970
Baltimore region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region.
1970-1971
2U D.S. cities.
1973-197U
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
Boston region.
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1970-1971
Boston region.
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1971-1972
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region.
1969-1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Banske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Kanske and
Corneliussen, 197t
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al., 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1971
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
rccE.
PROCESSING
METHOE
Total diet sanple (7),
0
Total diet sanple (8) ,
0
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
BANGE
(BG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01-0.04
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.02
0.02-0.05
0.02-0.06
0.0 1-0. 10
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.02
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
6
6
30
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Baltimore region,
1969-1970
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
Kansas City region,
1969-197C
30 D.S. cities,
1972-1973
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Kansas City region,
1970-1971
Minneapolis region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1969-1970
Boston region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region,
1971-1972
Minneapolis region,
1970-1971
Los Angeles region,
1970-1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Hanske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 1974
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINDED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sample (8),
0
Total diet sanple (8) ,
R
Total diet sanple (9),
1 0
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.019
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0«2
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01-0. 10
[]
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01-0.02
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
6
6
6
30
30
30
6
6
7
6
6
30
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS, 0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Kansas City region,
1971-1972
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
Kansas City region,
1969-1970
Boston region,
1969-1970
30 U.S. cities,
1972-1973
30 O.S. cities,
1973-197«
Representative U.S.
cities, 1973
Kansas city region,
1970-1971
Boston region,
1970-1971
Los Anqeles region,
1971-1972
Baltimore region,
1970-1971
Baltimore region,
1969-1970
Representative O.S.
cities, 1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Johnson and Manske,
1976
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1977
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197U
Prepared for eating
Manske and Johnson,
1975
Prepared for eating
Manske and
Corneliussen, 197«
Prepared for eating
Corneliussen, 1972
Prepared for eating
Mahaffey et al. , 1975
{NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Total diet sanple (9) ,
C
Total diet sanple (9) ,
P
Total diet sample(2).
0
Trout, brcwn (SALMON
1PUTTA) , E
Trout, lake
(SALVELINCS
NAMAYCUSB) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.021
•C0.010
0.080
0.030
<0.010
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.06
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.0 1-0.06
0.0 1
0.01-0.02
[ ]
n
[ ]
[ ]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
6
6
6
30
30
6
6
3
3
3
2
3
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.01
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS or P,
0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Boston region.
1969-1970
Los Angeles region,
1969-1970
Kansas City region.
1969-1970
30 O.S. cities.
1972-1 973
30 U.S. cities.
1973-197
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FPOM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Trout, lake
(SA1VELINDS
NAMAYCOSH) , R
Trout, rainbow (SALMO
GAIBDNEEI) , R
Tuna, C
Turnip, iccts, ?
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.010
<0.010
0.02«
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.062
0.030*
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
[ ]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
4
1
[]
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Canandaigua Lake,
N.Y., 1969
Canadice Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Blue Mountain Lake,
N.Y., 1969
8th Lake, N.Y., 1969
Utowana Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Skaneateles Lake,
N.I., 1969
Canadice Lake, N.Y.,
1969
Lalce George, N.Y.,
1969
Oregon, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al. , 1972
Decapitated,
eviscerated
Lovett et al., 1972
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Superphosphate
fertilizer containing
7.25 ppm Cd was
applied at rate of t5
kg per 360 square
meters. Soil pH was
7.0.
Schroeder and Balassa,
1963
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Type A school lunch, 0
Veal, kidney, B
Dalleye, R
Weakfish (CYNOSCION
REGALIS) , R
W he at , 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
0.01U ng
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.013 mg
(total)
0.012 mg
(total)
0.01
0.053
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.301
0.22 (dry
basis)
0.22 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(NG/KG,
HET HT.)
[]
0. 009-0. OH1
rag
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[]
C 1
n
c ]
[]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
32
300
51
91
US
78
1
25
7
u
5
28
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, O.C2
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
AAS, 0.02
Sp., 0.05 ug
NT, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, <0.0027
AAS, 0.015
AAS, O.C15
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
H region of USA,
1966
All regions of U.S.,
1966
NE region USA, 1966
SE region of USA,
1966
SM region of USA,
1966
MH region of USA,
1966
USA, [ ]
Lake Erie, western
basin, 1970
Georgia estuary, [ ]
Illinois, [ ]
DSA, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready to eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971a
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Ready-to-eat; served
to 6th grade children
Murphy et al. , 1971b
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Pillay et al., 1973
Muscle tissue
analyzed.
Stickney et al. , 1975
Wheat germ, 11* fat
content
Garcia et al., 197Ub
Bread, sponge-dough
Zook et al. , 1970
Wheat flakes,
breakfast product.
Zook et al. , 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
rccr,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.19 (dry
tasis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.16 (dry
basis)
0.150
0.15 (dry
basis)
0.1U (dry
basis)
0.130
0.129
0.12 (dry
basis)
0.11 (dry
basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
[ ]
[]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
29
5
38
52
23
1
2
5
1
1
52
2
6
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PtM)
AAS, O.C15
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
10 O.S. cities, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
OSA , [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
Vermont, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
USA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Bread, white,
continuous mix
Zook et al. , 1970
Bread, continuous-mix
Zook et al. , 1970
Bread, whole wheat
Zook et al. , 1970
Bread, white,
conventional dough
Zook et al. , 1970
Biscuit mix
Zook et al. , 1970
Wheatena
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Flour, cracker
Zook et al. , 1970
Flour, cracker
Zook et al. , 1970
Stone ground
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Crushed
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Rolls, hamburger
Zook et al., 1970
Macaroni
Zook et al. , 1970
Flour, cake
Zook et al. , 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN O.S. FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, 0
Wheat (TRITICUM sp. ) ,
R
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.10 (dry
basis)
0.08 (dry
basis)
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.05 (dry
basis)
0.03 (dry
basis)
0.015
0.012
0.31 (dry
basis)
0.32 (dry
basis)
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ 1
C ]
[]
(]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2
<47
28
2tt
2
5
5
6
31
1
1
1
5
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
10 U.S. cities, [ ]
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
Illinois, 1969-1970
Nebraska, 1969-1970
t
I _ _
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Semolina
Zook et al. , 1970
Shredded- wheat
breakfast product
Zook et al. , 1970
Doughnuts, cake
Zook et al. . 1970
Cereal- to-be-cooked
Zook et al. , 1970
Flour, cut-off
(cracker)
Zook et al. , 1 970
Flour, Baker's patent
Zook et al. , 1970
Flour/ straight grade
Zook et al., 1970
Flour, soft patent
(cake)
Zook et al., 1970
Flour, all-purpose
Zook et al., 1970
Wheaties
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Bread, stone ground
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Ncrtnal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS
FEOM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCt,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat (TPITICDM sp.) ,
B
Wheat, ccoimcn, hard, B
Wheat, council, soft, E
Wheat, Durum, E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.25 (dry
basis)
0.22 (dry
tasis)
0.20
0.19 (dry
basis)
0.18 (dry
tasis)
0.16 (dry
tasis)
0.1U (dry
tasis)
0.12 (dry
tasis)
0.12 (dry
tasis)
0.10 (dry
tasis)
0.07 (dry
basis)
0.13 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[]
0.12-0.3U
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
It
33
9
1
7
2
2
1
S
u
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
AAS, 0.015
LOCATION,
DATE OF-
SAMPLING
Virginia, 1969-1970
North Carolina,
1969-1970
10 D.S. states.
1969-1970
Colorado, 1969-1970
Georgia, 1969-1970
Kansas, 1969-1970
Texas, 1969-1970
Oklahoma, 1969-1970
Kentucky, 1969-1970
DSA, [ ]
USA, [ ]
OSA, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Normal exposure.
Huffman and Hodgson,
1973
Zook et al, 1970
Zook et al., 1970
Zook et al. , 1970
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 2. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM UNCONTAHINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, Winter, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.057
BANGS
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
NUMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
_ _
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
USA, [ ]
_
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schtoeder and Balassa,
1961
-------
TABLE A.3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
CATEGORY
DAIRY
PRODUCTS
1
ICOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bilk, Winter, R
Milk, R
Milk, Fall, R
Milk, Spring, R
Milk, R
Milk, R
Milk, Summer, R
Milk, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.«2 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
C.i» ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.30 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.30 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
C.3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.20 ug/100 mg
(wet wt.)
0.2 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
U
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(6)
Missouri, 1972 (6)
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(3)
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(2)
Missouri, 1972 (3)
Missouri, 1972 (2)
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
(D
Missouri, 1972 (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Winter samples taken
800 m from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Fall samples taken 80
m from lead smelter.
Soil cont'd 0.6-0.9 u
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Spring samples taken
800 m from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Summer sample taken
800 m from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FHOM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOBY
DAISY
EEOEUCTS
GARDEN
FFUITS
GRAIN AND
CEREAL
1
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, Spring, R
Milk, Winter, R
Cauliflower, [ ]
Tcmato, F
Wheat, grain, R
Wheat, grain, R
Wheat, grain, R
Wheat, grain, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.0029
0.0026
2.6 (dry basis)
1.8 (dry basis)
3.37 (dry
basis)
3.12 (dry
basis)
2.87 (dry
basis)
2.62 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0013-0.00«1
0.0023-0.0029
U
[]
n
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Galena, Kansas,
1972 (5)
Galena, Kansas,
1973 (6)
Tacoma, Washington,
U (C ])
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971 (8)
Blackwell,
Oklahoma, 1971-1973
(9)
Blackwell,
Oklahoma, 1971-1973
(9)
Blackwell,
Oklahoma, 1971-1973
(9)
Blackwell,
Oklahoma, 1971-1973
(9)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
High exposure area; <2
ka downwind from lead
smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1979
High exposure area; <2
km downwind from lead
smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 2.3 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197«
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 1 mile
from smelter.
Benenati, 197U
Computed from
regression eguation
for distance of 2
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197«
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 3
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197<4
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of t
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197U
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
1
GPATN ANC
CEPEAL
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
1 _ __ _
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, grain, P.
Corn (ZEA MAYS
L.) , grain, R
Ccrn (ZEA MAYS
L.) , grain, R
Lettuce, R
Lettuce, leaf, E
Cabbage, [ ]
Cabbage, [ ]
Cabbage, [ ]
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
2.37 (dry
basis)
1.0 (dry basis)
0,9 (dry basis)
13.02 (dry
basis)
13.02 (dry
basis)
8. 2 (dry basis)
7.9 (dry basis)
7.8 (dry basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
3.3-3U.5 (dry
basis)
3.29-3«.5
(dry basis)
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Blackwell,
Oklahoma, 1971-1973
(9)
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
(2)
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
(2)
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
C ] (C ])
Missouri, [ ] (9)
Tacoroa, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
Tacoma, Washington,
n ([ i)
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 5
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197«
Soil sat'd with
supernant liquid from
sludge-holding lagoons
between 1968 and 1971
(Sludge: 830 mg Cd/kg
in 1971)
Kirkham, 1975
156 metric tons sludge
per ha added between
1930 and 1965. Soil
cont'd est'd 0.36
metric tons Cd per ha
in 1973.
Kirkham, 1975
Local lead smelter
operated since 1890s.
Hemphill, 1974
Near lead smelter
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.5 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197it
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 2.5 ppni
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Washed sample had 6.6
ppm (dry basis) . Soil
contained 8.3 ppai Cd
(dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM
CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
| CATEGORY
LEATY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
JROCESSING
METHOD
cattage, [ ]
Brussels sprout.
[ ]
Lettuce, F
Cauliflower, [ ]
Cabtage, [ ]
Cabtage, []
Rhutarb, F
Cabbage, [ ]
Cauliflower, [ ]
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
5.3 (dry basis)
5.3 (dry basis)
3.8 (dry basis)
3.5 (dry basis)
3.0 (dry basis)
2.9 (dry basis)
2.6 (dry basis)
2. a (dry basis)
2.1 (dry basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ J
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971 (4)
Tacona, Washington,
C ] ([ ])
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971 (6)
Tacoma, Washington,
C ] (t ])
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 0.9 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197D
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.4 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
High exposure area
near lead snelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 7. 8 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 1974
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.5 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 2.9 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Eatsch, 1971
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 12.0
ppm Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 1971
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.7 ppm
Cd (dry basis)
I Ratsch, 197U
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FHOM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGCm
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
IEGOME
VEGETABIES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Brussels sprout.
[ ]
Lettuce, R
Lettuce, leaf, R
Cabtaqe, [ ]
Brussels sprout.
[ ]
Bean, green, R
Bean, green, R
Bean, F
Pea, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
2.3 (dry basis)
1.90 (dry
basis)
1.89 (dry
basis)
1. 5 (dry basis)
1.2
2.36 (dry
basis)
2.36 (dry
basis)
0.73 (dry
basis)
0.70 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
u
0.5-7.00 (dry
basis)
0.50-5.03
(dry basis)
[]
[]
0.5-8.5 (dry
basis)
0.5-8.5 (dry
basis)
U
n
ASAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
-------
TABLE A. 3. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS F30B CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEGUME
VIGETABLES
MEAT, FISH,
P CULT BY
ROOT
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bean, green, R
Bean, green, R
Crab (MURSIA
GMJDICHAUDII) , R
Carrot, F
Radish, H
Radish, R
Potato, F
Radish, R
Radish, R
MEAN |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.70 (dry
basis)
<0.5 (dry
basis)
0.80
8.0 (dry basis)
«.72 (dry
basis)
U. 72 (dry
basis)
1.9 (dry basis)
0.8U (dry
basis)
0.72 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.50-1. 10
(dry basis)
[]
0.6-1.0
[]
1.18-13.7
(dry basis)
1.18-13.70
(dry basis)
[]
0.50-2. 00
(dry basis)
0.5-1.97 (dry
basis)
ANAL.
METROP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0625
AAS, [ ]
'
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
C ] (30)
New Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[] (28)
Southern California
coastal waters, [ ]
(2)
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971 (ti)
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[ ] ([ ])
Missouri, [ ] (8)
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971 (114)
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
n (30)
New Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
t 1 (28)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Muscle analyzed.
Seabed contaminated
with high level of
toxic metals in
sediments.
Fowler et al. , 1975
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Local lead smelter
operated since 1890s.
Hemphill, 1971
Near lead smelter
Hemphill et al., 1973
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197t
Sample washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
-------
TABLE A.U. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
FCOD,
PROCESSING
MITHOE
Bean, F
Bean, green, R
Brussels sprout, []
Cabtage, [ ]
BEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.73 (dry
basis)
2.36 (dry
tasis)
2.36 (dry
tasis)
0.70 (dry
basis)
<0.5 (dry
basis)
5.3 (dry
tasis)
2.3 (dry
tasis)
1.2
8.2 (dry
tasis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ J
0.5-8.5 (dry
basis)
0.5-8.5 (dry
basis)
0.50-1.10
(dry basis)
n
(• ]
c i
n
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
a
[ ]
8
30
28
[ ]
[ j
[ ]
n
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
MS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
n
Missouri, [ ]
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
C 3
New Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
Local lead smelter
operated since 1890s.
Hemphill, 197U
Near lead smelter.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.i» ppn
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197«
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.86
ppm Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 1971
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.8 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.5 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 1971
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.tt. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
cabbage, [ ]
Carrot, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
7.9 (dry
tasis)
7.8 (dry
tasis)
5.3 (dry
basis)
3.0 (dry
basis)
2.9 (dry
basis)
2.« (dry
basis)
1.5 (dry
basis)
8.0 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
U
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
n
(• -j
(- -j
[ j
i
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
t ]
t ]
[ ]
n
[ j
[ j
„
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIHIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Tacoma, Washington,
U
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
n
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
n
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Near copper smelter.
Scil contained 2.5 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
washed sample had 6.6
ppm (dry basis) . Soil
contained 8.3 ppm cd
(dry basis) .
Ratsch, 1971
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 0.9 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197K
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.5 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197«
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 2.9 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Eatsch, 1971
Near copper smelter.
Scil contained 12.0
ppm cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 7.0 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197«
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagemerff and Brower,
197K
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cauliflower, [ ]
Corn (ZEA BAYS L. ) ,
grain, B
Crab (MOESIA
GAODICHADCII) , R
Lettuce, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
2.6 (dry
lasis)
3.5 (dry
tasis)
2.1 (dry
tasis)
1.0 (dry
tasis)
0.9 (dry
basis)
0.80
3.8 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
[]
[]
[]
[ 1
[]
0.6-1 .0
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[]
[]
[ ]
2
2
2
U
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0625
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Tacoma, Washington,
u
Tacoma, Washington,
[ ]
Tacoma, Washington,
[]
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
Dayton, Ohio, 1973
Southern California
coastal waters, [ ]
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Near copper smelter.
Scil contained 2.3 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Scil contained 7.8 ppm
Cd (dry basis) .
Ratsch, 197U
Near copper smelter.
Soil contained 1.7 ppm
Cd (dry basis)
Ratsch, 1971
Soil sat'd with
supernant liquid from
sludge-holding lagoons
between 1968 and 1971
(Sludge: 830 mg Cd/kg
in 1971)
Kirkham, 1975
156 metric tons sludge
per ha added between
1930 and 1965. Soil
cont'd est'd 0.36
metric tons Cd per ha
in 1973.
Kirkham, 1975
Muscle analyzed.
Seabed contaminated
with high level of
toxic metals in
sediments.
Fowler et al. , 1975
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1971 |
1
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.a. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
1 ICOE,
I PROCESSING
METHOD
Lettuce, E
Lettuce, leaf, B
Milk, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
13.02 (dry
basis)
1.90 (dry
basis)
13.02 (dry
tasis)
1.89 (dry
basis)
O.U ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(vet wt.)
0.3 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
0.2 ug/100 ml
(wet wt.)
1
I
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
3.3-3U.5 (dry
basis)
0.5-7.00 (dry
basis)
3.29-3H.5
(dry basis)
0.50-5.03
(dry basis)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER |
OF |
SAMPLES
n
28
9
30
6
3
2
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PE«)
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[]
New Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[]
Missouri, [ ]
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
n
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
Missouri, 1972
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Local lead smelter
operated since 1890s.
Hemphill, 197H
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al., 1973
Near lead smelter
Hemphill et al., 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Winter samples taken
800 m from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Fall samples taken 800
m from lead smelter.
Soil cont'd 0.6-0.9 ug
Cd/g, dry wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Spring samples taken
800 i from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
Summer sample taken
800 m from lead
smelter. Soil cont'd
0.6-0.9 ug Cd/g, dry
wt.
Dorn et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I*. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
JCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, Fall, R
Milk, Spring, R
Milk, Summer, P
Milk, Winter, R
Pea, F
Potato, F
Sadish, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.30 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
0.30 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
0.0029
0.20 ug/100
mg (wet wt.)
0.42 ug/100
ml (wet wt.)
0.0026
0.70 (dry
tasis)
1.9 (dry
tasis)
U. 72 (dry
basis)
a. 72 (dry
tasis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
[ ]
[ ]
o. ooi3-o. oom
n
0.0023-0.0029
[ ]
[ ]
1.18-13.7
(dry basis)
1.18-13.70
(dry basis)
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
3
2
5
1
6
6
u
14
[]
8
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS, 0.2
ug/100 ml
AAS. []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
*AS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Galena, Kansas, 1972
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Iron County,
Missouri, 1971-1972
Galena, Kansas, 1973
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
U
Missouri, [ ]
COMMENTS |
REFERENCES
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Farm 800 ID from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
High exposure area; <2
km downwind from lead
smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Farm 800 «i from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
Farm 800 m from lead
smelter
Dorn et al. , 1973
High exposure area; <2
km downwind from lead
smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
1974
High exposure area
near lead saelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Local lead smelter
operated since 1890s.
Hemphill, 1974
Near lead smelter
Hemphill et al., 1973
- (NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.I*. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Ra3ish, E
Rhubarb, I
Tcmato, F
Wheat, grain, B
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.8H (dry
tasis)
0.72 (dry
tasis)
2.6 (dry
basis)
1.8 (dry
basis)
3.37 (dry
basis)
3.12 (dry
basis)
2.87 (dry
tasis)
2.62 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.50-2.00
(dry basis)
0.5-1.97 (dry
basis)
C ]
[]
[]
[]
n
c ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
30
28
6
8
9
9
9
9
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Old Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[]
New Lead Belt
counties, Missouri,
[]
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
Galena, Kansas,
Before 1971
Blackwell, Oklahoma,
1971-1973
Blackwell, Oklahoma,
1971-1973
Blackwell, Oklahoma,
1971-1973
Blackwell, Oklahoma,
1971-1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Sample washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
Samples washed with
distilled water.
Polluted area.
Hemphill et al. , 1973
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
High exposure area
near lead smelter
Lagerwerff and Brower,
197U
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 1 mile
from smelter.
Benenati, 197U
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 2
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 1974
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 3
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 1971
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of "
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197H
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.«. CADMIUM IN U.S. FOODS FROH CONTAMINATED AHEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, grain, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
2.37 (dry
hasis)
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
9
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, [ ]
_
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
.
Blackwell, Oklahoma,
1971-1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Computed from
regression equation
for distance of 5
miles from smelter.
Benenati, 197U
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
CATEGORY
BEVERAGES
FCOD, (
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cocoa and
drinking
chocolate, R
Sake, R
Coffee, instant.
R
Tea , 0
Coffee, 0
T<5a, green, dry.
R
Tea, nine brands.
R
Coffee, bean, R
Sine, red, R
Tea, 0
Coffee, green;
coffee instant;
cccoa; tea, R
Tea, black, o
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.09
0.075
0.07
0.07
0.06U
0.036 (dry
basis)
0.03
0.03
0.017
0.011
0.0101
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.OH-0. 1<4
0.04-0.08
0.02-0. 1«
[]
0.013-0.098
(dry basis)
0.01-0.06
0.02-0. OH
[]
[]
0.0002-0.0505
0.01-O.Ot
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FP«)
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Shizuoka, Japan, [ ]
(D
O.K., 1971-1972 (3)
Osaka and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ] (5)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Japan, 1974 (139)
O.K., 1971-1972 (9)
Japan, [ ] (3)
West Germany, [ ]
([ 1)
West Germany, [ ]
(t 3)
Alsace, France , [ ]
(5)
Hyogo and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Dried
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ready to use
Easing et al., 1969
Tsushida and Takeo,
1977
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Essing et al., 1969
Ready to use
Essing et al. , 1969
Laugel et al. , 1976
Dried
Ikebe et al., 1977a
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONT AMIN ATED APEAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOF1!
EEVERAGES
JCOD,
FKOCESSISG
METHOD
Mine, white, E
Beer, E
Wine, R
Tea, coarse,
green, R
spirits, S
Tea, fine, green,
B
Tea, refined,
green, B
Soda, beer, nine,
R
Dine, R
Spirits, E
Wine, P
Brandy, plum, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.005
o.oot
0.002
0.001
0.0006 ug/ml
<0.05
<0.02
<0.010
<0.010
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.003-0.008
0.003-0.005
0.0002-0.0060
ug/ml
[]
0.01-0.02
[]
[]
AKAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FF«)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
V, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
Sp., 0.05 ug
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0,05 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
(Jest Germany, [ ]
([])
West Germany, [ ]
([])
West Germany, 197H
(9)
Japan, ( ] (1)
West Germany, 1971
(«)
Japan, [ ] (1)
Japan, [] (1)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(16)
U.K., 1971-1972
(57)
O.K., 1971-1972
(10)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
COMMENTS
PEFEEENCES
Essing et al. , 1969
Easing et al. , 1969
Collet, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Collet, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Laugel et al., 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Hautu and Sporn, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE IV.5. CADNICJM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONT AMI HATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CA7HGOEY
EEVIRAGES
DAISY
EK> DUCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Fruit juices, R
Fruit juices, c
Coffee, O
Scft drink, R
Soft drink, C
Beer and cider, 0
Beer, C
Cheese, mild
cheddar, R
Cheese, tasty
cheddar, R
Milk, 0
Cheese, white, E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HI.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.003
<0.003
<0.002
•C0.002
0.12
0.07
0.07
0.039
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_
[]
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.002-0.005
0.002-0.006
[]
[]
[]
t ]
[ ]
0.050-0.085
ANAL.
METHCn,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FP«)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (7)
O.K., 1971-1972
(19)
Osaka, Tokyo, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
O.K., 1971-1972 (8)
O.K., 1971-1972 (5)
O.K., 1971-1972 (6)
D.K., 1971-1972 («)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Powdered extract,
instant
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Bottled
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Powdered skin
Guthrie, 1975
Rautu and sporn, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN
FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIMATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY ANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOEY
TAIRY
EFOEUCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Margarine, R
Butter, R
Cheese, R
Milk ponder, C
Margarine,
polyunsaturated.
R
Milk, R
Cheese,
"Kaschcaval", R
Cream, coffee, E
Milk, 0
Butter, R
Cheese, process.
R
Milk, o
Cream, C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT. )
0.035
0.03U
0.0309
0.03
0.03
0.024 geo. mean
0.02U
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.015
0.011
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.0150-0.0560
0.01-0.06
U
0.010-0.076
0.050-0. 100
0.01-O.Ot
[]
C]
0.050-0. 101
[]
AKA1.
ME1HCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION, |
DATE, AND NUMBER |
OF SAMPLES
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
West Germany, [ ]
([])
Alsace, France, [ ]
(10)
D.K., 1971-1972 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Dortnund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
(3)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Tokyo, Hyogo, and
Hokkaido, Japan, [ ]
(3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
1
I
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Essing et al. , 1969
Essing et al., 1969
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Powdered fullcream
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Condensed
Essing et al. , 1969
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAI BY
PRODUCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cheese, o
Milk, H
Milk, 0
Milk, R
Milk, R
Cheese, twelve
varieties, B
Butter, six
types, R
Margarine, R
Milk, evaporated
and condensed, R
Cream, R
Butter, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01
0.009
0.009
0.0000«7
<0.25
-------
TABIE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED APEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DICREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
DAIRY
FFOEUCTS
FEDITS
ICOD,
TROCESSING
METHOD
Margarine, R
Milk, R
Milk, R
Current, black, E
Apple, R
Current, red, R
Cherry, sour, R
Plum, R
Strawberry, R
Gooseberry, R
Pear, whole, B
MEAN
(HG/KG,
MET HT.)
<0.01
<0.002
<0.0002
0.071 geo. mean
0.07
0. 054 geo. mean
0.010 geo. mean
0.036 geo. mean
0.031 geo. mean
0.033 geo. mean
0.03
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.01
0.001-0.007
[]
0.055-0.098
[]
0.036-0. 101
0.022-0.076
0.011-0.067
0.033-0.031
0.023-0.051
0.01-0.09
ASAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.001
P. O.C002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Tokyo and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ] (3)
U.K., 1972 (30)
Sweden, [ ] (98)
Dortmund, Best
Germany, 1973-1971
(5)
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
Dortmund, Best
Germany, 1973-1971
(3)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(t)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(7)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(2)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(8)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Jonsson , 1976
Authors' mean
corrected from 0.017.
Ffeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Anke et al. , 1976
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTABINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
I CATEGORY
FRUITS
'
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
_
Strawberry, R
Pear, whole, R
Walnut, R
Orange, R
Rhubarb, R
Pear, skin, R
Pear, flesh, R
Apple, C
Pear, with skin.
Louise Eonne de
Jersey, R
Banana, Equador,
R
Apple, C
Rhutarb, R
_ _
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.029
0.025 geo. mean
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
BANGE
(MG/KG,
BET WT.)
0.02-0.07
0.01-0.09
n
n
0.010-0.057
0.01-O.OU
0.01-0.09
0.01-0. 0«
[]
0.01-o.oa
0.01-o.oa
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Kara and Tokushima,
Japan, [ ] (5)
O.K., 1971-1972 (6)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
West Germany, [ ]
<[ ])
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
(9)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
O.K., [ ] (7)
U.K., [ ] (5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
flarkard, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Thomas et al., 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN
FOREIGN FOODS FPOPI UNCONTAMINATED AKEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
FRUITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Plum, S
Pear, R
Pear, R
Banana, R
Peach, R
Apple, R
Grapefruit, C
temcn, R
Plan, with skin.
Omega, H
Apple, Golden
Delicicus, R
Orange, H
Prune, C
Plum, C
Plum, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.011
0.012
0.011 geo. mean
0.011
0.011
0.010 geo. mean
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
BANGE |
(MG/KG, |
WST WT.)
[]
[]
0.010-0.013
[]
n
0.005-0.027
[]
0.01-0.01
[]
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.01
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
West Germany, [ ]
(C ])
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(3)
Best Germany, [ ]
([ ]>
West Germany, [ ]
(C ])
Dortmund, Best
Gernany, 1973-1971
(11)
O.K., 1971-1972 (1)
•
Japan, [ ] (5)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
O.K., [ ] (6)
O.K., [ ] (12)
O.K., [ ] (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Thomas et al., 1973
Thomas et al., 1973
Thomas et al., 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
F EH ITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
HETHCD
Current, black, C
Pineaffle, C
Orange, c
Peach, C
Rhubarb, C
Apple, R
Citrine, B
Grapes, R
Apple, R
Strawberry, R
Raspberry,
gooseberry, red
and black
currents, R
Apple, Delicious,
R
Fruit, R
Fruit, mixed
types, R
MEAN
(«G/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
C.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01-0-03
0.01
0.01
0.01
[]
[]
[]
n
0.0002-0.029
0.0002-0. 024
[]
0.003-0.007
0.0002-0.029
AKA1.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.0002
I _
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., [ ] (4)
O.K., [ ] (5)
U.K., [ ] (3)
U.K., [ ] (4)
O.K., [ ] (8)
West Germany, [ ]
([ 3)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Sweden, [ ] (19)
Sweden, [ ] (5)
Tohoku, Japan, [ ]
([])
West Germany,
(20)
Sweden, [ ] (>32)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al., 1973
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Eautu and Sporn, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Yanagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Collet, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CA1
(CONTINUED)
EGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTEATION.
CATEGORY
FRUITS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Peach, R
Orange, E
Atple, Kogyoku, B
Orange, E
Fruit, S and O
Plum, R
Cherry, R
Apple, E
Plun, H
Fruits and
preserves, 0
Apricot, C
Currant, black, C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.00187
0.001
0.000
0.000
<0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(BG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0002-0.006
[]
U
0.0002-0.007
0.0002-0.0090
0.0002-0.005
0. 0002-0. OOU
[]
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.02
n
0.01
ASAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION, |
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Sweden, [ ] (H)
Kyushu, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Tohoku, Japan, [ ]
(C ])
Sweden, [ ] (U)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(11)
Sweden, [ ] (15)
Sweden, [ ] (1U)
Sweden, [ ] (17)
O.K., 1971-1972 (5)
O.K., 1971-1972
(«1>
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 («)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Fuchs et al., 1976
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fresh and preserved
Laugel et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for eating
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
( and Food, 1973
1
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOBEIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTANINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
FFOITS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Damson, C
Orange
(mandarin) , C
Peach, C
Pineapple, C
Plum, three
varieties, C
Prune, C
Fhutart, C
Grapefruit, R
Banana, R
Apple, R
(
1 _
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
HANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
[]
[]
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01-0. 02
[]
0.01
0.01
0.01
AKAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OP SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
O.K., 1971-1972 (!*)
U.K., 1971-1972 (5)
O.K., 1971-1972
(11)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Imported from U.S.
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAB1E A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOEY
FFUITS
GARDEN
FRUITS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Peach, Golden
Queen, R
Damson, C
Grapefruit, C
Apricot, c
Peppercorn,
black, E
Okra, R
Peppercorn,
white, R
Tcmato, sauce, C
Pepper/ sweet, R
Eggplant, R
Tcmato, R
Tcmato, 0
TcmatOr 8
Pepper, sweet, R
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0. 11
0.08
0.06
0.0tt«
O.OU
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.029
RANGE
{MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
[ ]
O.OU-0. 11
n
0.010-0.080
0.03-0.05
0.02-0.04
0.02-0.01
(• j
0. 015-0. OU3
AKAt. (
METHOD,
DETECTION |
LIMIT
(EFM) |
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
.
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, C.01
AAS, C ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
U.K., [ ] (2)
U.K., [ ] (It)
U.K., [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Kochi, Japan, [ ]
(«)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Rumania, [ ] (8)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Aichi, Japan, [ ]
(D
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
Sweden, [ ] (i»)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Tanaka et al., 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
Puree
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Anke et al. , 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIHATED APEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GAPCF.N
FRUITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Tcmato, K
catsup, tomato, E
Tcmato, R
Tomato, R
Tcmato, R
Tcmato, R
Cucumber, R
Tomato, R
Cucumber, R
Tcmato, Blenheim,
R
Pumpkin, R
Tcmato, C
Tcmato, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.015
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0037
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.08
C]
<0.036
[]
0.0002-0.030
0.01
[]
0.01
O.OOOU-0.0068
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
I
I
I
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972
(10)
Aichi, Tokyo, and
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(5)
U. K., 1971-1972
(10)
U.K., [ ] (10)
West Germany, [ ]
([]>
Rumania, [ ) (11)
West Germany, [ ]
([])
Sweden, [ ] (26)
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
U.K., [ ] (U)
West Germany, 197U
(32)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Thomas et al., 1972
Thomas et al. , 1973
Essing et al. , 1969
Pautu and Sporn, 1970
Easing et al. , 1969
Fuchs et al., 1976
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Dried tomato soup.
Data are for
reconstituted product.
Collet, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
CAREEN
FRUITS
GRAIN AND
CEREAL
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cucumber, R
Tcnato, C
Cucumber, R
Putnfkin, B
Butternut, R
Cucumter, R
Marrou, R
Wheat, 0
Cereals,
ready-to-eat, 0
Cereals,
ready-to-eat, 0
wheat, o
Scytean, 0
Pice, polished, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.003
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.3U
0.20
0.20
0. 160
0. 1U
0. 137
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 0002-0. 010
[]
0.01
0.01
[]
[]
n
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL. |
METHOD, |
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Sweden, [ ] (29)
O.K., 1971-1972 (t)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (3)
Okayama, Japan, [ ]
(D
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Yokote, Japan, [ ]
(D
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Fuchs et al.f 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Germ
Guthrie, 1975
All-bran
Guthrie, 1975
Far ex
Guthrie, 1975
Flour
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Flour
Guthrie, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINOED)
CATEGORY
GRAIN AN!
CEREAL
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Rice, unpolished,
R
Rice, polished, R
Sheatgerm, R
Wheat, 0
Rice, polished, R
Buckwheat, R
Rice, 0
Rice, unpolished.
R
Wheat, Winter, R
Wheat, grain, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 13
0.125
0. 12
0.12
0. 106
0. 10
0. 10
0.088
0.087*
0.08 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 10-0. 13
(• ]
0.06-0. 1U
[ ]
f]
0.01-0.23
(dry basis)
AtiAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(IFM)
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OP SAMPLES
Japan, [ ] (3
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOPY
GRAIN AND
CEREAL
FOOD, |
PROCESSING |
KE1HCD |
Corn, C
Cereals,
ready-to-eat, 0
Rice, polished, R
Wheat, winter, R
Rice, unpolished.
R
Wheat, whole, H
Wheat, winter, H
Flour, wholemeal.
R
Bice, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.08
0.08
0.077
0.076*
0.075
0.072
0.071*
0.07
0.07
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
[]
0.03-0. 11
[]
0.02-0. 13
O.OU-0.13
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEK)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
.
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION, |
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
All areas of Japan,
C ] (20«)
Sweden, 197U ([ ])
Toyana, Japan, 1967
(6)
Kojyo, Japan, [ ]
(1)
Sweden, 197U ([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
Nigata, Gifu, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Weetbix
Guthrie, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Soil cont'd 0.022 ppn
Cd. 150 kg N/ha added
as NPK 16-5-12.
Fertili2er cont'd 2.6
ppn Cd.
Anderson, 1976
Normal exposure
yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Soil cont'd 0.022 ppm
Cd; fertilizer
contained 0.018 ppn
Cd. 150 kg N/ha added
per yr as Ca(N03) 2.
Soil pH 6. a.
A n d o r s s o n , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Processed cake (Mochi)
Ikebe et al., 1977a
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTABINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GRAIN ANt
CEREAL
POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Corn, sweet, R
Rice, polished, R
Eye, 0
Wheat, Spring,
grain, B
Wheat, Sinter, R
Wheat, o
Wheat, 0
Wheat, whole, R
Bread, black, H
MEAN
(HG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.068*
0.060
0.06
0.06
0.0514
0.051
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
0.018-0.136
u
cj
ci
0. 050-0. 165
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS. [ ]
AAS, <0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
All areas of Japan,
n <[ ])
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Sweden, 1916-1972
(35)
Sweden, 197U ([ ])
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (U)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Matsubara, Japan,
U (D
Rumania, [ ] (9)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Normal exposure
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Flour
Guthrie, 1975
No significant
concentration trend
with time. 200 to 800
kg/ha superphosphate
and 100-300 kg/ha
calcium nitrate added
annually. Phosphate
fertilizer cont'd
about 25 ug Cd/gm, wet
wt.
Kjellstron et al..
1975
No phosphate
fertilizer added, but
soil contained 0.022
ppm Cd. Soil pH was
6.5.
Andersson, 1976
Wholemeal (100*
extraction)
Guthrie, 1975
Kibbled product
Guthrie, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IS FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
| CATEGORY
CHAIN AS!
CEREAL
BCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Wheat, Spring, B
Wheat, Spring, E
Barley, grain, E
Corn, 0
Wheat, 0
Eye, o
Breadstuff, 0
Breadstuff, 0
Cereals,
ready-to-eat, 0
Cereals, to
prepare, o
Cereals, to
prepare, o
Hheat, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.053
0.052
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.017
RANGE
(NO/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.050-0.053
0.01-0.75
(dry basis)
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
ARAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
P, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS. [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Uppsala, Sweden,
1971 (2)
Maelar Valley,
Sweden, 1971 (2)
West Germany, [ ]
(60)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
west Germany, [ ]
([])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197U
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197H
Authors' data recal'd
to include all samples
in mean.
Grossman and Egels,
1975
Meal
Guthrie, 1975
Flour, patent white.
78* extraction
Guthrie, 1975
Breadstuff
Guthrie, 1975
Brown, 60% wholemeal
flour
Guthrie, 1975
Wholemeal, 100%
extraction flour
Guthrie, 1975
Ricies
Guthrie, 1975
Oatmeal, dry
Guthrie, 1975
Rolled oats, dry
Guthrie, 1975
Flour
Essing et al., 1969
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM (JNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GFAIN AND
CERIM
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bread, white, R
Wheat, F
Oats, grain, [ ]
Eice, unpolished
grain, R
Barley, grain, R
Barley, R
Cereals,
ready-to-eat, 0
Rice, bran, H
Hheat, Fall,
grain, R
Buckwheat, 0
f
MEAN (
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
O.OU2
O.OU
O.OU
0.04
0.0«
O.OU
0.0«
0.039
0.035*
0.03 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.050-0.110
0.02-0.06
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.005-0.077
0.01-0.06
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, <0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Okayama, Japan, []
(D
Sweden, 1916-1972
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN
FOBEIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY ANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
GFAIN ANE
CEREAL
FOOD,
IROCESSING
METHOD
Bread, wholemeal,
R
Corn, F
Bread, white, R
Breadstuff, 0
Wheat, Fall, R
Eye, 0
Bice, H
Bread, white, R
Rice, 0
Cereal, 0
Oats, R
Oats, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET »T. )
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.029
0.025
0.023
0.02
0.02
0.016
0.01U
0.011
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
VET WT.)
0.02-0.04
0.01-0.08
0.02-O.OU
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.01-0. OK
U
0.003-0.025
U
[]
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
tIMIT
(FF«)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ul
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (7)
O.K., 1971-1972 (3)
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Uppsala, Sweden,
1970 (2)
West Germany, [ ]
(C ])
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
Mew Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Best Germany, 197U
(22)
North Sweden, 1971
(8)
South Sweden, 1971
(8)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
White, 78X extraction
flour
Guthrie, 1975
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197«
Flour
Essing et al., 1969
Essing et al. , 1969
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Polished grain
Guthrie, 1975
Processed products
Collet, 1975
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM [/((CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOFY
GRAIN ANE
CEREAL
FCOD,
PROCESSING
ME1HOD
Pice, polished, R
Bheat, R
Cereal,
breakfast, [ ]
Oats, grain, R
Corn, grain, R
Barley, O
Barley, R
Cereals, breads.
macaroni, R
Bread, white, K
Ccrn, 0
Cereal, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.010
0.01-0.04
0.01-0.03
0.01 (dry
basis)
0.01 (dry
basis)
0.01
0.008
0.0051
[ ]
<0.050
<0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
n
n
0.01-0.28
(dry basis)
0.01-0.08
(dry basis)
0.003-0.012
0.0002-0.0160
O.OUO-0. 055
[]
0.01-0.09
A&AL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.01
P, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
*AS, 0.010
AAS, 0.0002
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Kojyo, Japan, [ ]
(D
Australia, [ ] ([])
Australia, [ ] ([ ])
West Germany, [ ]
(67)
West Germany, [ ]
(2«)
Japan. [ ] (1)
Jorn, Sweden, [ ]
(8)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(7)
Hokuriku, Japan/ [ ]
<[])
Rumania, [ ] (10)
O.K., 1971-1972
("1>
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Miller et al., 1976
Miller et al. , 1976
Authors' data recal'd
to include all samples
in mean.
Grossman and Egels,
1975
Mean recalculated to
include all samples.
Crossman and Egels,
1975
Pressed
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Kjellstron et al..
197U
Laugel et al. , 1976
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Meal
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
SPAIN ANt
CEREAL
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Flour, white, R
Wheat, soft, 0
Hheat, mediun, 0
Wheat, hard, 0
Rye, grain, R
Turnip, leaves, B
Asparagus, C
Mushroom, c
Spinach, E
Spinach, R
Lettuce, leaf, E
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
<0.03
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.19
0. 16
0. 11
0.11
0.095
0.093 geo. mean
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.05
0.01
0.01
0.01
[]
[]
0.15-0. 18
0.03-0.19
0.03-0.31
n
0.037-0. 198
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
P, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (9)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(2)
Aichi and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (3)
West Germany, [ ]
(19)
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
O.K., 1971-1972 (2)
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Japan, [ ] («)
Kanto, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197«
(5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Crossman and Egels,
1975
Anke et al. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Yaroagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
1
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMIMATED AREAS, By CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY 1
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Sfinach, C
Celery, R
Parsley, R
Spinach, F
Spinach, C
Kohlrabi, H
Leafy vegetables.
mixed, B
Spinach, R
Celery, R
Celery, R
Spinach, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.09
C.085
0.081 geo. mean
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06H
0.06U
0.06
0.059 geo. mean
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.003-0.18
[]
O.OU3-0.170
O.OU-0. 13
0.03-0. 18
[]
0.05-0. 1
0.01-0.22
0.055-0.063
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.003
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (7)
West Germany, [ ]
(C ])
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
(6)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
U.K., C ] (7)
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
Rumania, [ ] (1)
Sweden, [ ] (1)
Shizuoka, Japan, [ ]
(5)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197«
(2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for eating
Easing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Anke et al. , 1976
Grown 8 niles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fautu and Sporn, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Authors' mean
corrected from 0.039.
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPOM UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
1EAFY
VEGETABLES
fCOD,
TROCESSING
ME1HCD
Lettuce, head, R
Cabbage, fresh, 0
Broccoli, F
Brussels sprout,
F
Rape, B
Brussels sprout,
R
Spinach, R
Lettuce, head, H
Cattage, red, R
Celery, B
Leek, R
Cabbage, R
Cabbage, white, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.05« geo. mean
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
o.oas
O.OU2
o.oao
o.ou
0.01
0.0«
0.033
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0. 031-0. 1U7
0.01-0. 15
0.02-0. 10
0.02-0.09
0.03-0.07
[]
0.019-0.070
n
[]
0.01-0.05
0.02-0.09
0.01-0. 15
[]
A HAL.
METHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, C.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
HATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
(9)
O.K., 1971-1972
(23)
D.K., 1971-1972 (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
Japan, [ ] (tt)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Sweden, [ ] (8)
West Germany, [ ]
([ 3)
West Germany, [ ]
(t ])
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 («)
U.K., 1971-1972
(23)
West Germany, [ ]
([])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Thomas et al. , 1972
Thomas et al. , 1972
Thomas et al. , 1972
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al., 1969
1
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNC OUT AMI NATED AHEAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cabtage, P
Kohlrabi, E
Brussels sprout.
fresh, C
Lettuce, head, H
Brussels sprout.
P
celery, P
Lettuce, P
Brussels sprout.
R
Kohlrabi, B
Cabbage, Chinese,
R
Mushroom, H
Rhubarb, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.031 geo.
mean.
0.031
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.029
0.027
0.026 geo. mean
0.022
0.02
C.02
RANGE
{MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 022-0. 09U
[]
0.01-0. 11
0.02-0.05
0.01-0. 11
[]
0.0002-0.060
0.017-0.036
0.010-0.071
[]
0.01-0. OU
0.01-0.00
1
AliAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973- 197U
(9)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972
(16)
Japan, [ ] (3)
O.K., 1971-1972
(16)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Sweden, [ ] (26)
Sweden, [ ] (tt)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(1U)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
O.K., 1971-1972 (5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Pfeilsticker and
Harkard, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
~ (NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADHIOH IN FOREIGN FOODS
PROM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTPATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
KETHOD
Watercress, R
Asparagus, B
Cabbage, Chinese,
E
Mushroom, R
Watercress, R
Cauliflower, B
Spinach, R
Lettuce, R
Mushroou, B
Cabtage, R
Cauliflower, R
Asparagus,
toiled, C
Cauliflower, R
Broccoli, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.02
0.02
0.02
C.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
C.02
0.016
0.012
0.010
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.04
1.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-O.OU
[]
[]
[]
0. 005-0. OU6
[]
0.003-0.021
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01
ANA I.
NETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972 («)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Sweden, [ ] (12)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
(C 3)
Sweden, [ ] (12)
Hokkaido and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Hie, Japan, [ ] (5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1972
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
•
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A. 5. CADKIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATEP AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LIAFY
VEGETABLES
LIGDHE
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Asparagus, E
Cabbage, green, R
Cabbage, R
Asparagus, o
Cabbage, P
Vegetables,
green, 0
Cabbage, B
Soybean
(Kuromarce) , R
Soybean, 0
Peanut, R
Soybean, R
Bean, haricot.
kidney, 0
Lentil, brown, O
Pea , split, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.001
0.0026
<0.05
<0.01
<0.01
0. 17
0. 10
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
.
[]
0.0002-0.017
0. 0004-0. C059
[]
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.05-O.U8
0.06-0. 13
o.oa-o. 11
O.OU-0. 12
[]
[]
[]
I
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
Sp, 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Sweden, [ ] (U1)
Best Germany, 1971
(32)
Rumania , [ ] (11)
U.K., 1971-1972
(H1)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Osaka and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ] (5)
Nagano, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Osaka and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Guthlie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Dried asparagus soup.
Data are for
reconstituted product.
Collet, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Curd, congealed
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Tanaka et al., 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
Dried
Guthrie, 1975
Dried
Guthrie, 1975
Dried
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONT AMI N ATED AEEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECK HAS Itin CONC ENTF ATION.
(CONTIN0FD)
CATEGORY |
1
LEGUME
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
fPOCESSING
METHOD
Soybean, 0
Pea , green, P
Pea , R
Bean, green, F
Bean, kidney
(Toramame) , R
Bean, kidney
(Kintck inane) , H
Soyrean, 0
Beans and peas, C
Pea , F
Soybean, O
Pea, green, R
Pea, with pod
(Sayaendo) , P
Bean, green,
French, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.05
0.05
0.012 (geo.
mean)
O.OU
0,04
0.03
0.03
0.021
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.02-0.09
[]
0.019-0.075
0.01-0. 10
0.02-0.07
0.01-0.08
0.02-0.03
0.050-0.081
0.01-0.09
0.02-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01
[)
ANAL. |
METHOD, |
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AA5, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.01
AAR, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Nagano, Osaka and
Kyoto, Japan , [ ]
(3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(12)
U.K., 1971-1972 (5)
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(5)
Aichi, Nigata, and
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Rumania , [ ] (10)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
Osaka and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Kyoto and Osaka,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Paste (Shiro-miso)
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard , 1975.
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Paste (Aka-aiso)
Ikebe et al., 1977a
pautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Curd
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
[
LIGDHE
VEGETABLES
MEAT, FISH,
PCOLTET
FCOD, |
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bean, yellow,
butter, R
Beans, baked, C
Bean, white, R
Pea, R
Legume
vegetables, o
Pea, green,
processed , [ ]
Pea, C
Bean, broad, F
Bean, 0
Bean, kidney,
with pod, R
Bean sprout, R
Oyster, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01
0.01
0.008
0.004
0.00185 ug/ml
0.001
0.07
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUH IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCON7AMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
WHAT, FISfi,
FCU1TRY
FOOD, 1
PROCESSING
METHOD
Crat, dressed,
contains brown
meat, c
Scallop, E
Cuttlefish, liver
(MONKC) , O
Cuttlefish, liver
(SURUME), 0
Octopus, liver, R
Oyster (OSTBEA
ANGASI Soverby) ,
P
Ccd (TRISOPTEROS
MINUTOS) , R
Elk, kidney, R
Oyster (OSTBEA
LDTARIA), R
Crab, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
3.8
2U9.0 (dry
basis)
1 10.0
9U.O
25.0
10.7
8.5 (dry basis)
8.05
6. U3
6.0
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
1. 3-6. 1
210-299 (dry
basis)
[]
[]
U
[]
[]
2.5-8.6
AKAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.01
ES, 20
AAS, 0.05
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Tasman Bay, New
Zealand, [ ] (6)
Africa, [ ] ([ ])
San-in, Japan, [ ]
([ ]>
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Tasmanian waters.
1972-1973 (1)
Old bury-on- Severn,
U.K., 1973 (100)
Porvoo, Finland,
1965 (1)
Foveaux Strait, New
Zealand, [ ] (1U-20)
U.K., [ ] (6)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Brooks and Fumsby,
1965
Dried
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Dried
Yanagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Eustace, 197U
Whole fish
Hardisty et al. , 197U
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
High cadmium
concentration thought
to occur naturally
since industrial
pollution is absent
from immediate area.
Nielsen, 1975
Crabmeat raw, dark
body and mixed
Reynolds and
Reynolds, 1971
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FBO« UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
MIAT, JISH,
PCUITPY
FCOD,
IP.OCESSING
METHOD
Whiting
(MEELANGOS
MERLANGUS) , R
Crab, whole, hens
(CANCEB PAGURUS
L.) , B
Flounder
(FLATICHTHYES
ELESUS) , H
Eel, liver
(ANGUILIA
ANGDILLA) , R
Crab, nhole,
cccks (CANCER
PAGDHDS L.) , R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Shrimp (CBANGON
VOLGARIS) , whole,
E
Oyster (OSTPEA
EDOLIS) , H
Crab, C
Mullet, grey
(IIZA RAMADA) , R
Prawn (LEANDER
SERBATOS) , whole,
R
MEAN
(HG/KG,
WET WT.)
6.2 (dry basis)
5.8
5.6 (dry basis)
5.020 (dry
basis)
u.U
3.7 (dry basis)
3.50
3. 1 (dry basis)
3. 1
3.0 (dry basis)
2.80
RANGE
(HG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
•
2. 1-9.7
[]
0. 002-10. U
(dry basis)
0. 17-8. U
U
[] •
[]
1.0-5.2
C]
n
AKAI.
KETHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEM)
SP-, []
AAS, 0.002
SP-, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
sp., t ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Oldbury-on-Severn,
U.K., 1973 (337)
O.K., [ ] (20)
Oldburv-on-Severn,
U.K., 1973 (250)
U.K., [ ] (12)
U.K., [ ] (9)
South Africa, [ ]
(57)
U.K., ME Coast,
1972-1973 (U)
South Africa, [ ]
(56)
U.K., [ ] (6)
Oldbury-on-Severn,
U.K., 1973 (100)
U.K., NE Coast,
1972-1973 (3)
I
COMMENTS
EEFEPENCES
Whole fish
Hardisty et al., 197H
Edible portions
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Whole fish
Hardisty et al., 197U
Romeril and Davis,
1976
Edible portions
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Watling and Watling,
1976
No known contamination
sources
Wright, 1976
Watling and Watling,
1976
Dressed crabmeat
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Whole fish
Hardisty et al., 197U
No known contamination
sources
Wright, 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCON1" AMI NATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND TECPEASING CONCENTF ATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
MEAT, FISH,
PCIJ IT BY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
ME1HOD
Mutton, kidney, p.
Oyster
(CRASSOSTKEA
MAHGARITACEA) , R
Crab, 0
Elk, liver, B
Crab, 0
Mutton, kidney, R
Bcnito, O
Lobster, mixed
clan and tail
meat, C
Clam,
short-necked
(1SUKUDANI) , 0
Clam,
short-necked
(TSUKODANI) , 0
Perk, kidney, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
2.8
2. 5 (dry basis)
1.7
1.50
1.0
1. o
1. 11
1. 1
C.8U
0.81
0.721
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.5-0.0
1.2-1.7
[]
[]
0.90-1. 3
[]
[]
0. 101-2.088
ASA1.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
SP-, t ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OP SAMPLES
'Bitterfeld, GDP, [ ]
(35)
South Africa, [ ]
(56)
U.K., [ ] (5)
Porvoo, Finland,
1965 (1)
O.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Merseburg, GDE, [ ]
(35)
Kanto, Japan/ [ ]
([ ])
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Shikoku, Japan, [ ]
Kansai, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
West Germany, 1971
(18)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
Watling and Watling,
1976
Crab pastes and
spreads
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Paste
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
Processed food
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Processed food
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Processed food
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Collet, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
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TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MIAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cod, artic, liver
(EOBEOGADUS
SAICA) , R
Mutton, liver, R
Ccd, artic
(EOREOGADUS
SAIEA) , R
Elk, flesh, F
Chicken, liver, R
Mutton, liver, R
Beef, kidney, O
Perk, liver, R
Beef, kidney, R
Beef, kidney, R
Kidney, type
unspecified, C
Beef, kidney, R
Beef, kidney, [ ]
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.72 (dry
basis)
P. 72
0.62 (dry
basis)
0.59
0.53
0.51
0.50
0.182
0.175
0.118
0. 132
0.128
0.4-1. 2
1
EANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.35-1.6 (dry
basis)
[]
0.26-1.5 (dry
basis)
[]
[]
0.22-0.77
0.011-1.72
0.010-0.770
0. 150-1.110
0.050-0.762
0.070-1.090
[]
ANSI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, r ]
"
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NOMBF.R
OF SAMPLES
Baffin Island,
1971,1975 (15)
Bitterfeld, [ ] (35)
Baffin Island,
1971,1975 (17)
Porvoo, Finland,
1965 (1)
Japan, [ ] ([ ])
Merseburg, GDR, [ ]
(35)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(6)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (11)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (22)
Rumania, [ ] (9)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (19)
Australia, [ ] ([ ])
_
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Bohn and HcElroy, 1976
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
Whole fish
Bohn and McElroy, 1976
Jaakkola et al . , 1973
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Laugel et al., 1976
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Miller et al., 1976
(NEJf1 PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CA1
(CONTINUED)
EGORY ANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
CATEGOEY
MEAT, USE,
PCULTHY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, kidney, R
Crab (CANCER
PAGORDS), whole,
R
Pike, kidney
(F.SCX IOCIUS L.) ,
R
Eel, Buscle
(ANGUILLA
ANGUILLA) , E
Pike, kidney
(ESCX LOCIOS L.) ,
R
Pike, kidney
(ESCX IOCIUS L.) ,
R
Beef, kidney, H
Oyster, R
Beef, kidney, R
Lamt, kidney, 0
Turkey, liver, R
Beef, kidney, R
Beef, kidney, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
C.370
0.36
0.339
0.336 (dry
basis)
0.308
0.295
0.290
0.28
0.278
0.27
0.261
0.251
0.251
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0. 1HO-0.670
[]
0.002-1.19
(dry basis)
0. 110-0.660
0.23-0.32
0.060-1.660
0.02-0.71
0. 013-0. «C5
0.03B-0.525
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
-------
TAB1E A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AEEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTPATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATJGOEY
M*AT, TISK,
PCUITHY
FCOD,
FRCCESSING
METHOD
Beef, kidney, R
Anchovy
(STOLEPHORDS
sp.), S
Oyster, cultured
(CRASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Pork, kidney, O
Pike, kidney
(ESCX LDCIOS I.) ,
R
Squid, R
Beef, liver, R
Beef, kidney, R
Oyster, cultured
(CRASSOSTPEA
GIGAS) , R
Oyster, cultured
(CRASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , B
Oyster, cultured
(CPASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Oyster
(CPASSOSTREA
CCHRERCIALIS) , P
_ _
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
0.250
0. 25
0.25
0.21
0.232
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.2
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.060-0.750
.
[]
[]
0.01-C.59
0.01-0.63
U
0. 17-0. 27
[]
[]
[]
0.1-1.0
AKAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, C ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.05
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (18)
Thailand, Rayong
area, 1972 (15)
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973 (30)
U.K., 1971-1972 (U)
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 1970 (1)
East China sea, [ ]
(21)
Kanto, Japan , [ ]
([ ])
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973 (30)
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973 (30)
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973 (60)
Australia, 1973
(980)
_
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Huschenbeth and Harms
1975
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisherie
and Food, 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Yamagata and
Sbigematsu, 1970
Guthrie, 1975
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Mackay et al. , 1975
(NEX" PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS PRO"! UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCULTEY
(
1
rooD,
FPOCESSING
METHOD
Mackerel, C
Oyster, Bluff, C
Fish, F
Sardine, C
Cod, fillets, R
Cuttlefish
(MONKC) , 0
Beef, kidney, B
Perk, kidney, R
Pike, kidney
(ESCX LUCIUS L.) ,
R
Bream, red-spot
thr eadf in
(NEMIJTERUS
PERCNII), R
Clan, short-neck,
R
Prann, Tiger
(PENAEOS
MCNCDCN), S
Perk, kidney, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
0. 19
0. 19
0.182
0. 19
0.18
0. 18
0. 173
0.172
0. 169
0. 15
0. 13
0. 13
0.13
RANGE
(HG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
[]
0. 028-0. 66U
0. 10-0.30
[]
0.060-0. 800
0. 1UU-0.200
[]
0.03-0.23
[]
0.07-0. 18
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, f ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(7)
O.K., 1971-1972
(10)
North Sea, 1970 (1)
Africa, [] ([])
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (16)
Alsace, France, ( ]
(2)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Thailand, Inner
Gulf, 1972 (4)
Japan, [ ] (5)
Thailand, Rayong
area, 1972 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
COMMENTS
EEFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Pcrtnann, 1972
Dried
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Kreuzer et al . , 1975
Laugel et al., 1976
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
00
o
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLF A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY ANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGOFY
MIAT, JIEH,
ECOITPY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Mutton, liver, R
Pish, 0
Crat, C
Crat, C
Clam, hen, R
Plaice, fillets,
R
Ccd, fillets, H
cuttlefish
(SURUME), 0
Pike, liver (ESOX
IDCIUS I.) , R
Sardine, C
Skipjack, 0
Ccd (GADUS
MCRBHUA) , muscle,
R
Sausage, R
_
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
0.13
0. 126
0. 123
0.123
0. 12
0.12
0. 12
0. 12
0. 113
0. 112
0.11
0. 11
C. 107
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
_ _
0.09-0. 16
0. 027-0. «88
[]
[]
0.10-0. 11
[]
0.005-0.910
AKA1.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(12)
Japan, [ ] (1)
Japan, [ ] (1)
Japan, [ ] (1)
North Sea, 1970 (1)
U.K. coastal
waters, 1970 (7)
San-in, Japan, [ ]
(C ])
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Norway, [ ] ( 1)
Ehime and Hyogo,
Japan, [ J (3)
U.K., NE Coast,
1972-1973 (6)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(26)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Preserved
laugel et al. , 1976
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Portmann, 1972
Portmann, 1972
Dried
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Jaakkola et al . , 1973
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Dried strips
Ikebe et al., 1977a
No known contamination
sources
Wright, 1976
Laugel et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOFY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, fISF,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, t-bone, R
Perk, 0
Sardine (SARDINA
PILCHARDUS) , R
Anchovy
(ENGRAOLIS
ENCRASICHOLUS) , R
Beef, liver, R
Pike, liver (ESOX
LUCIUS L. ) , R
Beef (heifer),
liver, R
Shellfish, R
Crat, clawmeat
and other white
meat, C
Beef, 0
Mutton, kidney, R
Beef, liver, R
Beef, liver, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 10
0. 10
0. 1
0.1
0.099
0.096
0.095
0.091
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.083
I
I __
RANGE
(MG/KG, |
MET WT.)
[]
n
0.09-0. 11
0.09-0.20
0.026-0.300
0.081-0. 120
0. 0025-0. «30
0.05-0. 15
n
0.00-0. 13
0.00
0.016-0.133
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, r ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
SP-, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/nl
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OE SAMPLES
New Zealand ,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Northern Adriatic
Sea, 1972-1973 (6)
Northern Adriatic
Sea, 1972-1973 (6)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (22)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Alsace, France, T ]
(3)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(21)
O.K., [ ] (6)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
West Germany, 197«
(8)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Bacon
Guthrie, 1975
Gilmartin and
Revelante, 1975
Gilnartin and
Revelante, 1975
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Laugel et al. , 1976
Laugel et al. , 1976
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Sausage
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Collet, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
PROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY GATE:
(CONTINUED)
IOFY AND DECREASING CONCENT? AT ION.
CATIGOFY
MEAT, FISH,
PCUITRY
?COD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Perk, liver, R
Meat pie, steak
and kidney, C
.
Fish, commercial
species, R
Beef, liver, R
Beef, liver, R
Pish, with tomato
sauce, C
Beef, liver, R
Pike, liver (ESOX
LOCIUS L. ) , R
Perk, liver, R
Plaice, fillets,
R
Beef, 0
Perk, 0
Cod, blue, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.080
0.08
0.08
0.078
0.076
0.074
0.070
0.070
0.070
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
O.OU-0. 12
0.02-0. 17
0.030-0.200
0.020-0.170
0.050-0.263
[]
0.016-0. 133
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.005
AAS, ( ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
I _ .
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NtlMPER
OF SAMPLES
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ))
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Med. Coast, Israel,
1974 (190)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (19)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (11)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Augsburg, west
Germany, 1971 (9)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,,
1970 (1)
West Germany, 197U
(9)
U. K. coastal
waters, 1970 (13)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Roth and Hornung, 1977
Kreuzer et al,, 1975
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Collet, 1975
Portmann, 1972
Corned, silverside
Guthrie, 1975
Sausage
Guthrie, 1975
Smoked
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMI MATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, IISK,
POUTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
MEIHOD
Cod, tlue, R
Beef, liver, R
Eabtit, liver, B
Fish, with oil, C
Beef, [ ]
Chicken, liver, R
Mackerel, C
Perk, 0
Sole, fillets, E
Calf, liver, F
Veal, R
Veal, liver, R
Pike, liver (ESOX
LOCIOS L.) , R
Chicken, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.07
0.068
0.063
0.066
0.060
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.059
0.057
0.055
0.055
0.052
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WST WT.)
0.030-0.190
0.050-0.210
0.050-0.110
0.02-0. 12
[]
0.013-0. 176
[]
0. 028-0.076
[]
AKAI.
JJETHCP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
<£F«)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.0002
Sp. , 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
cd/mi
AAS, []
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (12)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(1)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
west Germany, 197U
0)
West Germany, [ ]
(M)
Alsace, France , [ ]
CM
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 1970 (1)
Japan, [ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Kreuzer et al . , 1975
Laugel et al. , 1976
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ham
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Collet, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
laugel et al. , 1976
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
2
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTANINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTFATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
-
_
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, H
Pcmfret, black
(PARASTROMATEUS
NIGER) , R
Beef, liver, R
Skipjack,
seasoned, C
Chicken, liver, R
Plaice, fillets,
S
Chicken, dark
meat, H
Fish, Lemon, [ ]
Tuna, yellowfin
(THUNNUS
ALBACOEES), C
Shrimp, Asian
(unknown
species), 0
Beef, liver, R
Cod, Atlantic
(GADUS MORHOA) , R
Beef, liver, R
MEAN
(PIG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.052
0.051
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
O.OU7
O.OU6
0.0«5
o.oita
O.OU2
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.01-0. 11
0.01-0.08
u
[]
0.000-0. 139
0. 018-0.078
0. 013-1. 08«
0.000-0. 119
0.012-0. 101
AKA1.
METHCD.
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Japan, [ ] ([ ])
Rayong Area,
Thailand, 1972 (5)
O.K., 1971-1972 (U)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(D
Japan, [ ] (U)
Waters distant from
U.K., 1970 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
Pacific, Costa
Fica, 1971 (10)
India, Thailand,
Phillipines, [ ]
(1C)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (17)
Icelandic waters,
[ ] (10)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (18)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Portmann, 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Zook et al. , 1976
Samples were
commercially peeled
and deveined tails.
Zook et al. , 1976
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Zook et al., 1976
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOBEIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATSD AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENT?ATTON.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGCFY
MIAT, FISH,
PCULTPY
FCOC,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Ratlit, kidney, R
Beef, liver, E
Shrimp, Mexican,
unknown species,
0
Lizardf ish
(SADRIDA
ElONGATA) , R
Perk, chops, R
Egg, hen, whole,
R
Eel, with skin,
Veal, kidney, R
Fish, 13 species,
R
Beef, liver, R
Pork, [ ]
Pike, liver (ESOX
LOCIUS L.) , ft
Perk, S
Perk, 0
MEAN |
(HG/KG, |
WET WT. )
0.012
o.ouo
0.010
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.039
0.038
0.035
0.031
0.032
0.032
1
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET HT.)
0.005-0.086
0.000-0.097
n
n
c ]
n
0.000-0.201
0.010-0.081
0.050-0.075
"
ANAL. 1
HETHCD, I
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FF«)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Alsace, France , [ ]
(D
Augsburg, Best
Germany, 1972 (17)
Gulf of California,
[] (10)
Thailand, Rayong
area, 1972 (5)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (5)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(D
Carinthian lakes,
Austria, [ ] (95)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973 (16)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
(D
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Laugel et al. , 1976
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Sample partly packer's
product
Zook et al. , 1976
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Laugel et al., 1976
Weiser, 1975
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Yamagata and
Shigetnatsu, 1970
Ham
Laugel et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM
IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, USE,
PCULTRY
FCOD,
FRCCESSING
METHOD
Lizardf ish
(SYNOEUS
SIMILIS), R
Pork, 0
Beef, 0
Pork, 0
Pork, 0
Beef, 0
Chicken, white
meat, H
Mutton, chops, B
Perk, loin, R
Cod, red, E
ling fish, [ ]
Meat, 0
Perk, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
SET HT.)
0.030
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HST WT.)
[]
0.02-0.05
0.01-0.011
0.02-0.03
0.01-0.09
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.01-0.07
0.01-O.C6
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Thailand, Inner
Gulf, 1972 (6)
U.K., 1971-1972 («)
D.K., 1971-1972 (8)
Osaka or Aichi,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Aichi and Osaka,
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
Canada, [ ] (20)
Canada, [ ] (23)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Han
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Smoked bacon
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Minced steak
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Bologna
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Ham
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
(NEV" PAGE)
-------
11BIE A.5. CADKIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS PROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, IISK,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beat,
miscellaneous, 0
Beef, R
Egg, 5
Pike, kidney
(ESCX LUCIUS L.) ,
R
Ccd, R
Heat, C
Fish, marine, R
Egg, hen, R
Chicken, O
Lamb, 0
Lamb, liver, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03
0.028
0.028
0.028
0,027
0.027
0.022
0.022
0.02
0.02
0.02
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.09
[]
[]
C3
0.050-0.100
0. 005-0. OU5
[]
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.06
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EEM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBEK
OF SAMPLES
Canada, [ ] (15)
West Germany, [ ]
([])
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
(D
Hokuriku, japan, [ ]
([ ])
Rumania, [ ] (11)
Alsace, France , [ ]
(8)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
O.K., 1971-1972 {«)
O.K., 1971-1972 («)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Pastrami, smoked
meats, dried uncooked
ham, etc.
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Essing et al. , 1969
Essing et al. , 1969
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Laugel et al. , 1976
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
CD
CO
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTPATION.
(CONTINUED)
| CATEGORY
MEAT, TISH,
FCULTBY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Chicken, C
Crafc, red, E
Beef, chuck, B
Beef, sirloin.
roasting, E
Veal, topside, P
Egg, hen, yolk, R
Groper, [ ]
Meat,
ready-to-eat, C
Meat, 0
Meat, all types.
C, B or 0
Meat, 0
Fish, nixed
species, muscle
tissue, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT. )
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
C.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
[]
u
[]
[]
0.01-0. 22
0.01-0.05
0.01-0. 22
0.01-O.OU
0.00-0. 10
_
AKAI.
NETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, ( ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Japan, [ ] (1)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
19-71-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (1)
Canada, [ ] (15)
Canada, [ ] (25)
Canada, [ ] (190)
Canada, [ ] (20)
Taiwan, 1973 ([ ])
COMMENTS
PEFEEENCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Guthrie. 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Salami
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Processed luncheon
meat
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Oeng and Huang, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS F50M UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINtlFD)
CATEGORY
MEAT, TI3F,
PCDl^RY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Beef, 0
Meat, 0
Pork, B
Anchovy, C
snapper, R
Chicken, liver, R
Herring, R
Fish, Gurnard, B
Bream, sea, B
Scurel, R
Fish, C
Meat, C
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.02
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016 geo. mean
0.016
0.016
0.015 geo. mean
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.011
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.08
0.050-0.083
[]
0.012-0.019
0.008-0.020
O.OOU-0.033
0.008-0.020
U
[]
0.008-0.050
0.005-C.018
I
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, []
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Canada, [ ] (23)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
West Germany, [ ]
([])
Portugal, [ ] (1)
Nev Zealand coastal
Haters, 1973 (70)
West Germany, 197U
(6)
Langesund, Norway,
1970-1971 (6)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
Hokuriku, Japan, []
([ 1)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
West Germany, 197tt
(16)
West Germany, 197U
(«)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Corned
Kirlcpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Cold cuts
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Edible muscle
analyzed. (Authors'
upper range limit
corrected from 0.19).
Brooks and Rumsey,
197U
Collet, 1975
Fish muscle analyzed
Havre et al., 1973
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
197U
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Collet, 1975
Collet, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAM INAT ED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTFATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCULTRY
FOOD,
FRCCESSING
METHOD
Fish, H
Whiting, P
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LUCIUS L.) , R
Meat, 0
Fish, Trevally, E
Rabbit, liver, R
Ccd, fillets, F
Salmon, pink,
toiled, C
Salnon, boiled, C
Chicken, nature,
R
Beef, liver, R
Beef, R
Flounder, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01U
0.01U
0.013
0.012
0.010 geo. mean
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_
[]
0.002-0.030
0.008-0.020
0.006-0.012
0.01
0.01-0.014
0.01-0. 0«
0.01-0.04
0.01-0.02
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIHIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
_
West Germany, [ ]
([])
Langesund, Norway,
1970-1971 (6)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
West Germany, 197U
(7)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Tokyo, Japan , [ ]
(2)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(D
Japan, [ ] (5)
Japan, [ ] (5)
Japan, [ ] (5)
Northern Atlantic
Ocean, [ ] (3)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
_
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Fish muscle analyzed
Havre et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Sausage products
Collet, 1975
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
197K
Hinistry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
PAGE)
-------
[ABIE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAHINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCOITEY
FCOI),
PROCESSING
METHOD
Seatream, red
(Tai) , E
Hcckfish, black.
R
Mackerel, R
Sardine, R
Mackerel, R
Fish, 0
Fish, 0
Egg, hen, R
Prawn, Green
Tiger (PENAEOS
SEMISUiCATUS) , R
Lamb, chops, R
Meat, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.02
0.01
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.04
0.01-0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.03
[]
[]
0.01-0. 01
AKAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NDMBER
OF SAMPLES
Nagasaki, Japan , [ ]
(7)
Nigata, Miyazaki,
and Hokuriku,
Japan, [ ] (8)
Shizuoka, Japan, [ ]
(12)
Chiba and Wakayama,
Japan, [ ] (12)
Nagasaki, Japan, [ ]
(I")
Kochi, Tokyo, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Osaka, Toyama, and
Niigata, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Canada, [ ] (100)
Thailand, Eayong
area, 1972 («)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Canada, [ ] (17)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Rolled cake
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Paste, boiled
Ikebe et al., 1977a
No differences
observed among
different regions of
country.
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1975
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
Smoked and unsmoked
veiners
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM ONCOSTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND CECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, USE,
PCCJITRr
JOOD,
PRCCESSING
METHOD
_
Ponyf ish
(LEICGNATHHS
EQUULUS), B
Fish, Tarakihi, R
KingfiEh, R
Cod , ?
Fish, Mcki, R
Fish, Hapuku, H
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LDCIUS L.) , R
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LDCIUS 1.) , R
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LUCIUS L.) , R
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LDCIUS I.) , R
MEAN
(KG/KG,
HET WT. )
0.007
0.006 geo. mean
0.006 geo. mean
0.006
0.005 geo. mean
0.005 geo. mean
0.005
0.001
0.001
O.OOU
_ _ _ _
EANGE
(BG/KG,
WST WT.)
[ ]
0.002-0.015
0.002-0.011
0.003-0.012
0.001-0.012
0.001-0.011
0.003-0.001
0.003-0.001
AtiAI.
METHOD.
DETECTION
LIMIT
(IPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Thailand, Songhkla
area, 1972 (10)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (68)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
Langesund, Norway,
1970-1971 (7)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Gulf of Finland,
Huttinen, Finland,
19€8 (2)
Gulf of Finland,
Porkkala, Finland,
1968 (2)
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
I 1970 (1)
I
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Huschenbeth and Harms
1975
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
1971
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
1971
Fish muscle analyzed
Havre et al. , 1973
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
1971
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
1971
Jaakkola et al . , 1973
Jaakkala et al., 1973
Jaakkala et al . , 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN
FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LDCIUS 1. ) , R
Pike, B
Oxtail, 0
Catfish, seavater
(TACHYSURDS sp.) ,
R
Pike, liver (ESOX
LDCIUM I.) , R
Pike (ESOX LOCIOS
L.) , H
Fish, Kahawai, R
Pike (ESOX LUCIUS
L.) , F
Ccd , offshore, R
Plaice, offshore,
R
Plaice, onshore,
R
Crat, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
• HET HT.)
0.00«
O.OOU
0.0037
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002 geo. mean
0.002
C ]
[ ]
[ ]
r ]
RANGE
( MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.001-0 .008
O.OOOU-0.0061
[]
0.002-0.003
0.002-0.018
0.002-0. on
O.OOU-0.073
0.076-0. 1«
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/nl
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0001
AAS, O.OOC1
AAS, 0.0001
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
Of SAMPLES
Gulf of Bothnia,
Koklcola, Finland,
1970 (1)
Lar.gesund, Norway,
1970-1971 (3)
West Germany, 197U
(U3)
Thailand, Songhkla
area, 1972 (3)
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
(1)
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 1970 (1)
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973 (70)
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
(D
Gernan Bight,
19"i2-197l| (19)
German Bight,
1972-197U (17)
German Bight,
1972-197U (21)
San-in, Japan, []
([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Fish muscle analyzed.
Havre et al. , 1973
Dried oxtail soup.
Data are for
reconstituted product.
Collet, 1975
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Flesh analyzed
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
197U
Flesh analyzed
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Muscle analyzed
Harms, 1975
Harms, 1975
Harms, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
! CATEGORY
MEAT, PISK,
PCOLTRY
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
_
Mussel, R
Oyster, [ ]
Seafood, [ ]
Lobster, claw
meat, C
Lobster, tail
meat, C
Herring, 0
Herring, 0
Oyster, [ ]
Fish, [ ]
Cod , artic
(BOFECGADUS
SAICA) , 0
Pork, liver, 0
Ccd, fillets, E
_
MEAN
(NG/KG,
MET WT.)
<010.0 (dry
basis)
<2.0-19.8
<0. 1-3.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.050
<0.050
< 0.0 5- 0.85
<0.05-0. 15
<0.05 (dry
basis)
<0.05
<0.05
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
- , -^
U
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
n
0.01-0. 11
[]
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
_
ES, 20
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
_ _
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Tasman Bay, New
Zealand, [ ] (6)
Tasmania, [ ] ([ ])
Australia, [ ] ([ ])
O.K., 1971-1972 (3)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Kumania, [ ] (10)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Australia, [ ] ([ ])
Australia, [ ] ([ ])
Baffin Island,
1971-1975 (7)
O.K., 1971-1972 (U)
Waters distant from
U.K., 1970 (2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Brooks and Rurosby,
1965
Miller et al. , 1976
Miller et al., 1976
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisherie
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisherie
and Food, 1973
Smoked
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Salted
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Miller et al., 1976
Miller et al. , 1976
Fillet
Bohn and BcElroy, 197
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisherie
and Food, 1973
Portmann, 1972
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN
FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED ARFAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATJGOEY
1
MEAT, FISK,
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Trout, trown.
fillets (SALMO
TRDTTA) , R
Squid (NOTODARIOS
GCUIDI) , H
Meat and fish, 0
Fish, 0
Duck, liver, R
Egg, R
Crat, white meat.
C
Whale meat, R
Perk, R
Pcllack (Tara), R
Snelt, sweet, R
BEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.05
<0.05
<0.02
<0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
n
0.01-0.09
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.03
0.01
0,01
0.01
0.01
AKA1.
HETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JFK)
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
10CATION,
DATE, AND NUMBEK
OF SAMPLES
Tasmanian waters.
1972-1973 (1)
Tasmanian waters.
1972-1973 (2)
U.K., 1971-1972
(«1)
O.K., 1971-1972
(«0)
O.K., 1971-1972 (1)
U.K., 1971-1972
(10)
U.K., 1971-1972 (1)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Northern Ocean, [ ]
(3)
Japan, [ ] (5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Eustace, 1974
Eustace, 1974
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
o
o-
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FPOM UNCONT AM I N ATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
PCU1TBY
OILS, EATS,
SHORTENING
f
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Mackerel,
Spanish, R
Tuna, H
Octopus, R
Perk, 0
Beef, flesh, R
Beef, pork, veal.
[]
Perk, brain, R
Peanut tutter, R
Lard, two types.
R
Maycnnaise, R
Oil, clive, R
Oil and fat, R
Fat, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.0002
<0.0002
0.08
0.03
0.01
0.008
0.0026
<0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.01-C.C3
[]
0.01-0.06
[]
n
0.02-0. 18
0.02-0. 0«
0.01-0.02
n
0.0015-0. 0036
0.01-0.25
_
ANAL.
METHrn,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Korea, [ ] (5)
Japan, [ ] (7)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Canada, [ ] (18)
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972 (111)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(3)
Alsace, France, [ ]
d)
Tokyo, Osaki, and
Ibaragi, Japan, [ ]
(3)
U.K., 1971-1972 (2)
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(2)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Alsace, France, f ]
<"»)
U.K., 1971-1972
(U1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Bacon
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Laugel et al. , 1976
Laugel et al., 1976
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Essing et al. , 1969
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEX" PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADHIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTANINATEP AHEAS, BY CATEGOPY ANP DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
OILS, FAT5,
SHORTENING
CTHEP
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Oil, cooking.
three types, R
Oil, R
Oil, peanut, R
Oil, sunflower, R
Herts, six types.
0
Thyme, R
Horseradish
pcwder, E
Sage, R
Mustard, powder.
H
Clove, R
Burdock, great
edible, R
Baby food.
apricot and rice,
C
Baby food, honey.
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.03
<0.010
<0.01
<0.01
0.79
0.27
0. 22
0. 18
0.16
0.11
0.09
0.080
0.060
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.04
[]
[]
[]
0.02-3. 1
[]
0. 16-0.30
Cl
0. 16-0. 16
[]
0.03-0.20
[]
[]
AKA1.
HETHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.01
Sp, 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
I
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMPER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972 (3)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
O.K., 1971-1972
(15)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Tokushima and
Ibaragi, Japan, [ ]
(5)
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
U.K.. [ ] (C ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
( Snodin, 1973
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABIE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FEOM UNCONTAMINATEI1 AR?AS, BY CATEGORY »ND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
CTim
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Baby food,
vegetables with
chicken, 0
Baby food,
vegetables with
beef, c
Ginger root, P
Herbs, C
Vegetables,
mixed, F
Baby food, C
Baby food,
cereal, 0
Baby food,
chocolate
pudding, C
Baby food, beef
dinner, C
Mustard, 0
Baby food, 0
Baby food, o
Baby food, egg
custard and rice,
0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.055
O.OUO
O.OU
O.OU
O.OU
0.036
0.035
0.030
0.030
0.03
0.0296
0.026
C.025
RANGE
(HG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.01-0.06
0.02-0.06
0.01-0. 13
[]
[]
[]
[]
0. 0028-0. OU90
n
[]
AKAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(fFM)
_
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., [] ([ ])
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
Kochi and
Tokushima, Japan,
[ ] O)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
U.K., 1971-1972
(27)
O.K., [ ] (7)
O.K., [ ] (15)
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
O.K., [] ([ ])
Nara, Japan, [ ] (1)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(7)
U.K., [ ] (7)
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Tanaka et al., 1977
Dried
Thomas et al., 1972
Thomas et al., 1972
Snodin, 1973
Dried
Snodin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Prepared
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Prepared milk product
Laugel et al. , 1976
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY ANT1 DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
1
C-'HIP
FOOD,
FROCESSING
METHOD
Baby food,
apples, 0
Baby food, apple
dessert, C
Baby food, milk.
0
Soy sauce
(Usukuchi shoyu) ,
R
Soy sauce
(Koikuchi shoyu) ,
R
Vegetables, R
Vegetables,
green, nixed
types, H
Baby food.
chicken casserole
with vegetable. ,
C
Baby food, roast
chicken with
bacon, 0
Baby food, roast
turkey with
baccn, 0
Curry roux, 5
Scy sauce (Tamari
shoyu) , E
MEAN |
(MG/KG, |
WET MT.)
0.025
0.020
0.020
0.02
0.02
0.019
0.013
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.01
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
n
[]
[]
0.01-O.OU
0.02-C.02
0.005-0.079
0.0002-0.070
[]
[]
u
0.01
0.01-0.03
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FP«)
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER |
OF SAMPLES
U.K., [ ] ([])
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
U.K., [ ] (8)
Chiba and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ] (2)
Osaka, Kagawa, and
Chiba, Japan, [ ]
(3)
West Germany, 1971
(12)
Sweden, [ ] (160)
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
U.K., [ ] ([ ])
O.K., [ ] ([ ])
Nara, Osaka, and
Tok yo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Aichi, Osaka, and
Tokushima, Japan,
[] (3)
COMMENTS
KFFFRENCFS
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Dried
Snodin, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Collet, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM
IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DICREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
CTHFP
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Worcester shire
sauce, R
Baby food, 0
Vegetables,
mixed, C
Vegetables, 0
Baby food.
vegetables and
liver, 0
Mustard, R
Baby food, 0
Baby food.
vegetables and
lamt, 0
Spices, R
Baby food, 0
Baby food, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
0.0031
0.007
0.0060
0.005
0.0037
0.003
0.003
0.0007
[1
<0.03
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0. OK
-
0.0002-0.0276
0.003-0.038
0.0002-0.0375
[]
o. 0031-0. ooao
[]
[]
0.0002-0.0016
0. 001-0. 00«
0.01-0.07
I
AKAI.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
._
AAE, 0.01
AAS, C.0002
P, 0.25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, C.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Aichi, Chiba, and
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(18)
West Germany, 197U
(31)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(27)
".K., [ ] ([ ])
Alsace, France, [ ]
(2)
O.K., [ ] (2)
U.K., [ ] (2)
Alsace, France , [ ]
(3)
O.K., [ ] (U)
U.K., 1971-1972
(16)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Bottler!
Laugel et al. , 1976
Collet, 1975
Fresh and preserved
Laugel et al. , 1976
Dried product. Assays
refer to reconstituted
food.
Snodin, 1973
Laugel et al. , 1976
Dried milk product.
Assay refers to
reconstituted food.
Snodin, 1973
Dried product. Assay
refers to
reconstituted food.
Snodin, 1973
Laugel et al. , 1976
Dried milk product.
Assay refers to
reconstituted food.
Snodin, 1973
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
i; A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS. BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
CTHFB
BOOT
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
TPCCESSING
METHOD
Baby food.
cereals, 0
Baby food, milk.
0
Baby food, 0
Sauces, five
types, K
Baby food, C
Taro, young, E
Radish, root.
Japanese, 0
Carrot, R
Carrot, R
Potato, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
<0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.13
0. 13
0.13
0.09
0.08
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.05
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.0«
O.OK-0.30
0. 11-0. 16
0.09-0.22
0.03-0.22
0.01-0. 17
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1971-1972 (5)
O.K., 1971-1972 (6)
O.K., 1971-1972
(23)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
O.K., 1971-1972
(55)
Osaka and
Tokushima, Japan,
[] (5)
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(3)
O.K., 1971-1972 (8)
U.K., 1971-1972
d«)
U.K., 1971-1972
(19)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Bottled
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Chopped, dried
Tanaka et al., 1977
Thonas et al. , 1972
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIOM IN FOHEIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTBATION.
(CONTINDED)
CATEGORY
HCOT
VEGETABLES
FCOP,
PROCESSING
METHOD
_
Potato, R
Onicn, P
Carrot, P
Garlic, Chinese,
P
Onicn, R
Parsnip, R
Carrot, R
Vegetables, root.
mixed, R
Rutabaga, H
Rutabaga, R
Carrot, E
Beet, silver, R
Radish, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.08
o.oe
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.057
0.050
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0 .04U
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-0. 17
[]
0.03-0. 10
0.02-0. 16
0.03-0. 1U
0.016-0. 11 1
[]
[]
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.08
[ ]
n
c ]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972
(19)
Jena, GDR, [ ] (12)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Hokkaido and Oita,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Japan, [ ] (3)
Sweden, [ ] (5)
Chubu, Japan , [ ]
([ ])
O.K., 1972 (2)
U.K., 1971-1972 (8)
U.K., 1971-1972 (8)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Thomas et al. , 1972
Anke et al. , 1976
Tanaka et al., 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al., 1977
Fuchs et al., 1976
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Grown 8 miles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Essing et al. , 1969
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AR^AS, BY CATEGORY AND CFCREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATIGCEY |
RCOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Potato, R
Beet, root, B
Carrot, H
Leek, fresh, 0
onicn, B
Yam, E
onion, R
Potato, new,
white, R
Parsnip, R
Potato, R
Potato, R
Carrot, H
Vegetables, root,
mixed, H
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
c.oai
0.041
O.OU1
0.04
0.0«
C.0«
0.0«
0.0«
o.oa
o.ou
0.039
0,038 geo. mean
0.038
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
0.012-0.069
0.003-0.160
0.02-0.09
0.01-0.09
0.03-0.05
0.01-0.09
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.016-0.088
0.003-0.111
ASM.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Hokkaido, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Sweden, [ ] (12)
Sweden, [ ] (UU)
O.K., 1971-1972 (U)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
Aichi and Ibaragi,
Japan, [ ] (5)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Jena, GPE, [ ] (12)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
(1«)
Sweden, [ ] (75)
COMMENTS
REFEEENCES
Yamagata and
Shigeaatsu, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Prepared for cookina
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Anke et al. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 5. CADMIUM
IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
RCOT
VEGETABLES
_ _
FOOD,
PROCESSING
KETHOD
Carrot, R
Onicn, Welsh, P
Turnip, R
Turnip, white, R
Rhutarb, R
Pctatc, new. Red
King, R
Onion, mature.
white, R
Onion, R
Leek, R
Potato, R
Radish, R
Turnip, swede,
yellow, R
Onicn, long, P
Radish, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.032
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.027 geo. mean
0.025
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.018
0.017
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.02-0.06
0.01-O.C8
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.018-0.010
0.010-0.050
0.01-0.03
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
__
AKA1.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, C.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Japan, [ ] (3)
Tokushima and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(5)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
(2)
Sweden, [ ] (5)
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
Hokkaido, Japan, [ ]
([ ])
COMMENTS
REFEPENCES
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCON-" AMIN ATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DICBEASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
ROOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
FROCESSING
METHOD
Onion, R
Potato, R
Radish, R
Rutabaga, R
Potato, R
Onicn, R
Shallot, R
Potato, sweet, E
Radish, R
Onion, R
Onion, P
Carrot, R
Vegetables, root.
0
MEAN |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.017
0.017
0.016 geo. mean
0.016
0.016
0.011
0.01
0.01
0.008
0.008
0.003
<0.05
<0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.050-0.057
0.011-0.027
0.010-0.026
0.005-0.055
0.0002-0.036
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.02
[]
[]
[]
0.01-C.07
AKAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
Sp., 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973- 197U
(6)
Sweden, [ ] (13)
Sweden, [ J (60)
Sweden, [ ] (21)
Hiroshima, Japan,
[] (5)
Shizuoka, Japan, [ ]
(5)
Sweden, [ ] (1)
Rumania, [ ] (2)
Hokkaido, Japan, []
([ ])
Rumania, [ ] (2)
U.K., 1971-1972
(U1)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Essing et al. , 1969
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Fuchs et al., 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Fuchs et al., 1976
pautu and Sporn, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Eautu and Sporn, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABtE A. 5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTA.1INATED APEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
RCOT
VEGETABLES
SOGAFS ANC
ADJUNCTS
EOOD,
JRCCESSING
METHOD
Carrot, c
Radish, root.
Japanese, B
Hcney, R
Sugar, 0
sugar, 0
Salt, R
Sugar, 0
Sugar, R
Jam, strawberry.
R
Marmalade, p
Hcney, R
Sugar, R
Sugar, B
Vinegar, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
<0.01
<0.01
0.06
0.05
0.03
0.023
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.007
0.0055
0.005
0.0016
0.0007
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT.)
0.01-0. 02
0.01
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
u
0.01
[ ]
0.0002-0.011
[]
O.OOOU-0.0011
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EP«)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp, 0.25 ug
AAS, C.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, C.0002
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972
(10)
Japan, [ ] (3)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand,
1911-1973 (2)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
New Zealand,
1971-1973 (2)
New Zealand ,
1971-1973 (2)
Tokyo, Kochi, and
Hiroshima, Japan,
[] 0)
Rumania, [ ] (10)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(2)
West Germany, [ ]
([ ])
Alsace, France, [ ]
(1)
Alsace, France, [ ]
(5)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al., 1977
Guthrie, 1975
Refined
Guthrie, 1975
Brown
Guthrie, 1975
Essing et al. , 1969
Denerara
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Eautu and Sporn, 1970
Laugel et al. , 1976
Essing et al. , 1969
Laugel et al., 1976
Laugel et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS
FROM UNCONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
SUGJPS ANt
AEJUNCTS
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Jellies, seven
flavors, R
Sugar, six types,
R
Sweets and
chocolates,
various, R
Sugar, 0
Marnalade,
orange, H
Vinegar, fruits,
P
Vinegar, rice, R
Sugar, black, R
Honey, R
Sugar, 0
Sugar, 0
Sugar, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.03
<0.02
<0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0. 10
0.01-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1971-1972 (7)
U.K., 1971-1972 (6)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
Osaka, Tokyo, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(6)
Tokyo, Hokkaido,
and Hiroshima,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Osaka and Saitama,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Oita, Aichi, and
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(3)
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ] (5)
Tokyo and Nara,
Japan, [ ] (3)
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
(6)
Hyogo, Tokyo, and
Mie, Japan, [ ] (6)
Tokyo, Osaka, and
Kanagawa, Japan, [ ]
(f)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Coarse, crystal
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Candy
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Cube
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Granulated
Ikebe et al., 1977a
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONT AMINATSD AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
I CATEGORY
1
SDGARS AN!
ADJUNCTS
_ -
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Sugar, 0
MEAN
(KG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.01
BANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
ANAl.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, 0.01
— _ _ _
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
_ _ _
Tokyo, Osaka,
Kanagawa, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
(5)
COMMENTS
PEFEPENCES
Superior white
Ikebe et al., 1977a
ro
o
•o
-------
TA3LF. \.6. CUDMI'JI IN FDfEIlN FOODS FROM 'JNCDU T AMI NATO AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Anchovy, C
Anchovy (ENGSAOLIS
EN3BASICHOLUS) , R
An:hovy (STOLBPHOROS
sn. ) , P
Apple, C
Apols, n
Apple, Delicious, R
Apple, loiaen
l^lisious, R
MEAN
(M3/K3,
MET WT.)
O.C17
0.1
0.25
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.013 geo.
mean
0.009
0.007
0.000
<0.01
0.004
0.01
RANG1!
{MG/K-5,
WET XT..)
.
0.39-0.20
r ]
0.31-0.34
0.0 1-0. 0"
[ ]
0.005-0.027
r ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.31
[ ]
NUMBFP
OF
SAMPLES
1
5
15
6
7
12
1U
• ]
"
13
17
3
I ]
1
ANAL.
M FT HOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, 0.032
AAS, r ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Port ugal, [ ]
Northern Adriatic
S?a, 1972-1973
Thai land , Rayong
area, 1972
n. it., 1971-1972
O.K., [ ]
J=ia , GDE, \ ]
DortnunS, West
Germany, 1973-1974
West Germany, f ]
'
Rumania, { ]
Sweden, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Tohoku, Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
F.EKF?E)i:ES
SchroaJar an3 Balassa,
1961
Gilmact in and
Revalint?, 1975
Hus;h3nb?th and Harms,
1975
Ministry of
Agricaltire, Fisheries
an3 Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
Ank? ?t al., 1976
Pf3ilsti;k=r and
Markard, 1975
PreparsJ far aatinj
Essing at al. , 1969
Eautu inJ Sparn, 1970
Fvidhs at il. , 1976
Tanakj st al., 1977
Yamagita and
Shigsmatsu, 1973
Guthrie, I3?;
(NEX
-------
r*BL5 1.6. CTADIIMM IN FORSTIN FOODS FROM (< NC3>) T Art I*! ATED AP.EAS, M.» H A BSTI-A L USTIN3
(CONTINUED)
"ODD,
PROCESSING
1ETH3T
ADD!?, Kogyoku, F
Apricot, C
AsDaragus, c
Asparagus, 0
Asoaragus, R
Asparagus, boiled, C
Baby food, c
Baby food , 0
MEAN
(MG/KC,,
H5T HT.)
0.002
O.01
<0.01
0. 16
0.0026
0.02
0.01
O.D1
0.036
<0. 01
0.0296
0.026
RANGE
(M3/K3,
WET WT. I
[ ]
[ ]
0.01
0.15-0.18
O.DOOK-O.D053
0.01-0. OH
[ ]
0.01-0.02
[ ]
0.01-0. OK
0.0028-0. OU90
[ ]
N'JMBFR
OF
SAMPLES
[ ]
3
3
2
32
3
2
3
7
55
7
7
ANAL.
MFTHOT,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
\K5, 0.01
HAS, 0.01
HAS, 0.01
P, 0.25 ng
:a/mi
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
^AS, C.C2 ug
AAS, 0.01
AUS, O.OC02
AAS, 0.02 ug
LOCATION, |
DATE OP
SAMPLING
Tohoku, Japan , | ]
(J. K. , 1971-1972
U.K., ; ]
U.K., 1P71-1972
»65t Sermany, 197i(
Japan, [ ]
Naw Zsaland,
1971-1973
Hslckairlo and TD^ya,
Japan, [ ]
U. K. , [ ]
0. K. , 1971-1972
Alsa;?, France, " ]
•I.K., ; ]
COMMENTS
FEPEP^NCE?
Yamagata and
Shig?mat3u, 1970
Ministry of
Agria.ilt.ir9, Fisheries
and FDod, 1973
Thomas et al., 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Drisd asparagus soup.
Data are for
reconstituted product.
Collet, 1975
Tanaka et al., 1977
3uthri=, 1975
Ikeba at al., 1977a
Snoliti, 1973
Ministry af
Agricaltir?, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared milk product
Laugel et al., 1976
Bottled
SnoJin, 1973
(SEX" PA3E)
-------
TABLE A.6. CAD.II'JI IN F3REI3N P3D3S PE3*1 IINCON"^ "I NATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bahv food, 0
Baby food , apple
dessert, C
Baby rood., apples, 0
Baby food, apricot and
rise, C
Baby food, beef
dinner, C
Baby food, coraal, O
Pady food , cereals, 0
'
N2AN
(tn/K-,,
WST WT.)
0.0081
0.003
[ 1
<0.03
<0.01
0.020
0.025
0.090
0.030
0.035
O. 32
RANGE
(SIS/KS,
MPT WT. )
__
0.0002-D. 3275
[ ]
0. 001-0. 03«
0.31-0.07
0.01-0.32
[ ]
[ ]
r ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.0 1-0.05
NUMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
19
2
a
15
23
•]
:]
: ]
: i
15
S
*NAL.
METHOD,
DEIECTI3N
LIMIT
(PPM)
--_
AAS, 0.0302
AAS, 0.02 ug
\\s, 0.02 ug
HAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
\AS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
^AS, 0.02 ug
\AS, 0.02 ug
"US, C.02 ug
HAS, 0.01
.
LOCATION,
DATE OF
S» WPLIN-5
Alsace, France, [ ]
U.K. , r ]
0. K. , [ ]
U.^., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
O.K. , r ]
U.K. , r ]
U.K., r ]
'
u. K. , r ]
u. K. , r ]
U. K. , 1971-1972
._
COII EHTS |
REPF3EV TES
Bottl33
Laugsl et al. , 1976
Dri?3 nilk proiu^t.
Assay r = C?rs to
reconst it at e3 food.
Snolin, 1973
Dried milk product.
Assa y r?f srs to
reconstitut=3 fao3.
Snodin, 1973
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Faod, 1973
BottlaJ
Ministry of
Agricultjre, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
SnoJin, 1973
BotMeS
Snoiin, 1973
SnoJin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Dried
SnoJin, 1973
Dri = d
Ministry of
Agrisultur?, Fisheries
anJ Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TA3LE A. 6. ^
IN FTPSIjN
FPO" n(lC3«T ANIMATED AKSAS, f.LP il A E F"ICA L LISTTN^.
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Baby food, chicken
casserole with
vegetable. , c
Babv foo3, chocolate
pudding, C
Bahy food, egg custard
and rice, 0
Baby food, honey, 0
Baby food, milk, 0
Baby food , roast
chicken with bacon, 0
Baby food , roast
turkey with bacon, 0
Baby food, vsgstables
and lamb, 0
Baby food, vegetables
and liver, 0
Baby food, vegetables
with beef, c
Baby food, vegetables
with chicken, 0
Banana, B
MEAN
(MS/KG,
WET HT.)
0.010
0.030
0.025
0.060
0.020
<0. D1
0.013
0.010
0.003
0.005
0.010
0.055
0.011
RANGE
(M3/S3,
MET WT.I
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.01-0.03
[ ]
[ ]
[]
C ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBFR
OP
SAMPLES
[ ]
: ]
: ]
: i
8
6
[ ]
[ ]
2
[ ]
: ]
:]
: i
ANAL.
I^THOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, O.C2 ug
HAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, O.C2 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, C.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS, 0.02 ug
AAS. [ ]
I
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLI1G
a. K. , [ ]
•J.K., [ ]
U.K. , [ ]
O.K. , [ ]
U.K., [ ]
(J. K. , 1971 -1972
O.K., ' ]
U.K.. ' ]
U.K. , ; ]
"
a.*., ; ]
O.K. , f ]
U.K., [ ]
Wsst 3?r»any , [ ]
I __ _.
CDPIMENTS
TEFFREN3E3
Snodin, 1973
Snolin, 1973
Bott led
Snodin, 1973
BottleJ
Snodin, 1973
Drisd
Snodin, 1973
Dried
Ministry of
Agriraltir? , Fisheries
and FDDd, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Dried product. Assay
refers to
reconstitute! food.
Snodin, 1973
DrisJ pro3u:t. Assays
refer to reconstituted
food.
Snodin, 1973
Snodin, 1973
Bottled
Snodin, 1973
Preoared for eating
Essing et il., 1969
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
fABLE A.«. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FDDDS FROM 'JNC3 NTM1I NA T? D AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTTNOFD)
POOD,
PROCESSING
1ETHOD
Banana, P
Banana, Fguador, P
Barley, n
Barley, R
Barley, grain, B
Bea n, 0
Bean sprout, R
Bean, broad, P
Bean, gr°en, F
Bean, gr°en, French, R
MEAN
(M3/K3,
WET WT.)
<0.01
0.02
0.01
o.04
0.008
0.05
O.OU
<0.01
<0. 31
O.OU
0.0«
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WE? wr. )
0.01
[ ]
[ ]
0.003-0.312
0.31-3.75
(dry basis!
[ ]
0.31-0. 31
0.01
0.01-0. 13
0.31-3.13
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
3
2
1
2
8
6D
2
7
5
3
5
2
ANAL.
1ST HOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
A AS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, 0.010
P, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
HAS, 0. 01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, f ]
LOCATION,
DATE DP
SAMPLING
Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
Japan, [ ]
Men Zealand,
1971-1973
Jorn, Sweden, [ ]
West Germany, " ]
"
Ne« Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
'>. K. , 1^71-1972
O.K., 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
CDIIFYTS
REFERENCES
Tanaki at il. , 1977
Guthrie, 1975
P res se 3
Tanaka =t al. , 1 977
Flour
Guthri.?, 1975
K J3llstrDin =t si. ,
197U
Authors' 3ata r=cal'd
to include all samples
in main.
Crossonn and Egals,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
Bak = 3
Ministry of
Agr icult i re, Fisheries
and Fool, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Prepared for CDoking
Ministry of
Agri^ul tar= , Fisheries
and F3Dd, 1973
Prepared far -oaking
Ministry of
Agri3ultar= , Fisheries
and Paoi, 1973
Suthri?, 1975
(NElfT PAGE)
-------
TA3LE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPOM
-------
TABLE A.6. CADS III 3 IN F3REI1N FDDDS PR3M UNC3NTA MI NATFD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PFOCESSING
METHOD
Beaf, P
Beaf (h°ifer) , liver,
p
Beaf, chuck, R
Beef, flesh, >?
Bea f , kidnay, [ ]
Beaf, kidney, 0
Beaf, kidney, R
(M-5/K3,
WET WT.)
0.052
0.028
0.01
0.095
0.02
<0.005
0.1-1.2
0.50
0.175
o. 113
0.128
0. 370
0. 290
0.278
SANGF
(MG/K1,
WET WT. )
[ ]
0.01-0. OK
0.081-0.123
[]
C ]
[]
0.22-0.77
0.010-0.770
0. 150- 1. U10
0.070-1. 090
0. 110-0.670
0. 1 10-0.560
0.060-1.660
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
: i
[ 3
5
3
2
111
[]
11
22
19
12
It
17
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.035
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, O.C05
LOCATION,
OATE OF
SAMPLING
Japan, [ ]
West Germany, " ]
Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, '_ ]
N e » Zealand,
1971-19T3
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
Australia, [ ]
U.S., 1971-1972
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
Augsburg , Wast
Germany, 1972
Msa:;? , France, [ ]
Augsburg, wast
Germany, 1972
CD.IIEtf TS
Yamaga ta in 3
Shigematsu, 1 970
Essing et al., 1969
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Laugel et al. , 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Kreuzer at al. , 1975
Miller et al. , 1976
Prapirad fsr ;oaking
Ministry of
Agricaltjre, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Kreuzar at al. , 1975
KrauzBr at al. , 1975
Kreuzar 2t al. , 1975
Kreuzar >t aL. , 19^5
Lauqal et il. , 1976
Kreuzar at al. , 1 975
(NEX" PAGE)
-------
T*BLE A.5. C*DMIUM IN F3R2I3N FD3DS PFOM UNCOUTH MI MA ™EP AREAS, ALP" * P STICAL LIST]
(CONTINOED)
POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bee f, kidney, R
Be?f, liver, B
MEAN
(M3/K1,
W5T WT.j
0.251
0.251
0.250
0.22
0.173
0.22
0.099
0.09
0.083
0.078
0.076
0.070
0.068
0.05
RANGE
(MG/K3,
MET WT. )
0.038-0.525
C ]
0.360-0. 750
0. 17-3. 27
0.060-0. 340
[ ]
0. 026-0. 33D
0.00
0.016-0.133
0.030-0.230
0.020-0.170
[ ]
0.330-0.190
0.31-5.11
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
17
9
1R
2
15
: ]
22
2
8
19
11
9
12
4
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
!US, 0.035
AAS, 0.005
A A S , 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
AAS, []
P, 0. 25 ng
:3/ml
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
AAS, 0.005
AAS, C.005
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DME OF
SAMPLING
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973
Augsburg, West
Germany, 197U
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1973
Kanto, Japan, [ ]
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, 1971
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
Augsburg, West
Germany, 1972
^gsburg. West
Germany, 197U
Augsburg, Hest
Germany, 1972
O.S., 1971-1972
CDIIEdTS
REPFRF»:ES
Kreuzer ?t al. , 1975
Kr?uzer Jt al. , 1975
Kreuzsr 5t al. , 1975
Suthrie, 1975
Kreuzer st al. , 1975
Yamagata aai
Shigemat=a, 1970
Kreuzar et al. , 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Collet, 1975
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Kreuzer at al., 1975
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
I and Fooi, 1973
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TA3L5 A.6. CADMIUM IN ''ORFIjN FOODS PBOM IIN C31T AM IN ATED A»EAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTIN3
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
.1 FT HOD
?e= f , liver, R
Re; f , pork, veal, [ ]
Beaf, sirloin,
roasting, R
Beef, t-bone, F
Bear, C
Be?r, R
Beer and cider, 3
Best, root, R
Be?t, silver, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
_ _ _. -
0.015
O.CU2
0.040
0.038
0.01
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FDREI3M F3D3S FFOM UNCDNTA MI SATE D AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LIFTING.
(CONTTVHED)
FOOD, \
PROCESSING
METHOD
Bonito, 0
Bra nd y, plum, R
Brsad, black, R
Brsad, white, R
Br?ad, wholemeal, R
Breadstuff, 0
Bream, red-spot
threadfin (NEMIPTERUS
PSPONII) , R
HERN
(M3/K3,
WET WT.)
i.ia
<0.010
0.054
0.042
0.03
0.02
[ ]
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.03
0. 15
RANGE
(S1-3/K3,
HET WT. )
[ ]
[]
0.050-0. 155
0.050-0.110
0.02-0.04
0.01-0.34
0.040-0.355
0.32-3.04
[]
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
: ]
13
q
13
3
14
: ]
7
2
2
2
4
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0. 25 ug
3p., 0. 25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Kant o, Japan, [ ]
Rumania, " ]
Rumania, " ]
Ruaania, ; ]
Osaka, Japan, | ]
U.S., 1971-1972
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
New ZaalanS,
1971-1973
Thiilind, Inner
Gulf, 1972
CDIIEUTS
PE?ERE«:ES
Pro:=ssel fOD3
Yamagata ind
Shigematsj, 1970
Faata an3 Sporn, 197S
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ministry Df
Agriculture, Fisheries
an3 Food, 1973
Yamagita and
ShigematsJ, 1970
Ministry of
Agriciltare, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Broun, 63* nliDlemeal
flour
Guthrie, 1973
Wholsmsal, 133*
extraction flour
Guthrie, 1975
White, 73H extraction
flour
Suthria, 1975
Hus~h=nb3th ja3 Harms,
1975
(HEX"1 PAGE|
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN F03DS FFOM SJNOVT AM INATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
rtFTHOD
Bra am , sea, R
Broccoli, F
Broccoli, P
Brussels sprout, F
Brussels sprout, R
Brussels sprout.
fr=sh, 0
Buckwheat, 0
Buckwheat, P
Burdock, great edible.
P
Butter, H
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.015
0.05
0.01
0.05
Q.05
0.03
0.027
0.03
0.03 (dry
basis)
0. 10
0.09
0.03U
0.02
"ANGE
(1G/K3,
WET WT.|
[ ]
0.02-0.10
0.01
0.02-0.09
[ ]
0.31-0.11
0.017-0.036
0.01-0.11
0.01-0.06
0.06-0. 11
0.03-0.20
[ ]
[ ]
NOMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
[ ]
3
5
3
2
15
i|
15
3
3
5
: i
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, r ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
'J. K. , 1971-1972
Hi; , Japan , ] ]
"
U.K., 1971-1972
Neu Zealand,
1971-1973
I.K., 1971-1972
S«eden, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
Na^ans, Yaiagata,
and die, Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Tokustiijia and
Ibaragi, Japan, f]
W=st Garmany, r ]
'
N=w Zealand,
1971-1973
C3MMENTS
REFERENCES
Yamaqata and
ShigsBiatsu, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agric.ilt.ir3, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculturs, Fisheries
and Faod, 1973
3ut hrie , 1975
Thomas et al. , 1972
Fuchs et al., 1976
Prspir;! for Booking
Ministry of
Agricaltire, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe ?t nl., 1977a
Tanjki et al., 1977
Tanaka at al., 1977
Essing et al., 1969
Suthri?, 1975
PAGE)
-------
rABLE A.6. CADMIU1 IN FOREIGN F3D3S FROM UNCDNTA MI NAT D AREAS, ALP1! A EFT 1C AL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Butter, R
Butter, six types, R
But tsrnut , R
Cabbage, R
Cabbage, Chinese, R
Cabbage, fresh, 0
Cabbage, gre°n, R
MEAN
(M3/K5,
WST WT.)
<0.01
<0.03
<0.01
O.OU
0.031 geo.
mean.
0.012
0.004
<0.05
<0.01
0.022
0.02
0.05
0.01
HANGS
(MS/KG,
HET WT.)
0.01
0.01-0.07
[ ]
0.01-0.15
0. 022-0. 09U
[]
0.0002-0.317
[ ]
0.01
[ ]
1.01-0.02
0.01-0.15
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
3
.
10
2
23
9
I]
41
11
3
U
3
23
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
IAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
Sp, 0 .25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
D»TE DP
SAMPLING
Hokkaido and
Pukushima, Japan, \ ]
0. K. , 1971-1972
Nsw Zealand,
1971-1973
'J. K. , 1971-1972
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
Sweden, " ]
Rumania, ; ]
"
Japan, " ]
Hokuriku, Japan, ] ]
Japan, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
CD1MEHTS
PEPERK«:ES
Iksbs at il. , 19773
Ministry of
AgricaltJre, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthria, 1975
Thomas st al., 1972
Pf=ilsti;k5r aai
MarlcarJ, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Rautu and Sporn, 197D
Tanaka et al., 1977
Yamagata and
Shigematsa, 1970
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculturs, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthri?, 1975
_
(NEXT PAGF)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREISN FOODS FBOM '!Nc:mAMiNA'i'ED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
11 ET HO D
Cabbage, red, P
Cabbage, white, P
Calf, liver, R
Carrot, C
Carrot, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.I
o.ouo
0.033
0.059
O.01
0.13
0.09
0.07
0.050
0.05
0.041
0.038 qso.
mean
0.032
<0.05
RANGE
(MG/K5,
WET WT. I
[ ]
[ ]
0.013-0. 176
0.01-0.32
0.09-0.22
0.03-D. 22
0.03-0.10
[ ]
[ ]
0.003-0. 150
0.016-0.038
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[]
[ ]
9
n
9
11
3
: ]
2
U4
1U
[ ]
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0. 25 ng
cd/mi
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, C.0002
AAS, 0.032
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 25 ug
. .. __
LOCATION,
PATF OF
SAMPLING
W=st Geraany, ' ]
"
Hast Garsany , ] ]
Hsst Germany, 1974
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 19T1-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Japan, [ ]
Chubu, Japan , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Sweden , ' ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
W = 3t Sernany , ) ]
Rumania, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al., 1969
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Collet, 1975
Preparsd for ;ooki:i:j
Ministry of
Agri;altur?, Fisheries
and Faod, 1973
Thomas et il. , 1372
Preparad for ;3olciiig
Ministry of
Agricaltjre, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanslca et al. , 1977
Yamagita ind
Shigamitsa, 197D
Guthrie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Pfeilstirker and
«arkard, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Essinj et si. , 1969
Raatu ml Sporn, 197?
(NSltT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMI'M
IN FOREIGN FOODS FBOM UNCOMT1 Al INATED UREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING
(CONTINUED)
POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Catfish, seawater
(TACHYSOROS sp. ) , R
Catsup, tomato, R
Cauliflower, R
Celery, R
Cereal, 0
Cereal, breakfast, []
Cereals, breads,
macaroni, R
MEAN
(MS/KG,
WET HI.)
0.003
0.02
0.02
0.3 10
0.01
0.085
0.06U
0.06
O.OU
O.C3
0.0 16
<0.03
0.01-3.03
0.0051
RANGE
(MG/K3,
WET HT.I
[ ]
0.01-0.03
[]
0.003-0.321
0.01
[ ]
0.01-0.22
0.01-0.05
[ ]
0.003-0.025
0.01-0.09
[ ]
0.0002-0.0160
N'JMBER |
DP
SAMPLES
3
5
2
12
3
: ]
i
5
3
2
22
«1
[]
7
ANAL.
1ETHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
HAS, 0.0302
AAS, 0.01
AAS, r ]
AAS, C.0302
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
A\S, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
flATE OF
SAMPLING
Thailand, SDnghkla
ar*a, 1972
Aichi, Tolcya, and
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
Nsw Zaalaad,
1971-1973
SwsJsn, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
wast Seraany, [ ]
SW339H, [ ]
Shizu3ka, Japan, ' ]
U. K. , 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
M;3t 3=rnany, 197U
0. K. , 1971-1972
Australia, [ ]
Alsa;= , France, ' ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Ikebs 3t al., 1977a
Suthria, 1975
Fuchs at Jl., 1976
Tanaki at al. , 1977
Prepared for eating
Essinj et al., 1969
Fuchs at al., 1976
Tanaki et al., 1977
Thomas et al. , 1972
juthris, 19^5
PracesseJ praducts
Collst, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agricultjrs , Fisheries
and Fsad, 1973
Miller et al., 1976
Lajgel et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN F333S FR3M 'JNC3NTA MI NATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINtlFD)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cereals, ready-to-eat,
0
Cereals, to prepare, 0
chsese, 0
Chsese, 8
Chaese, "Kaschcaval" ,
R
Cheese, mild Cheddar,
S
Cheese, process, R
Cheese, tasty Cheddar,
R
Chsese, twelve
varieties, H
MEAN
(N3/K3,
WET WT.)
0.20
0.20
0.08
0.05
O.OU
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.0309
0.02U
0.12
0.015
0.07
<0.0<*
PANG3
(M3/K3,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
r ]
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
0.31
0.0 153-0. 0560
0.050-0.133
C ]
0.050-0.134
[ ]
0.01-0.11
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
10
13
2
1D
2
12
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
___
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
5p. , 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE 3F
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Nei< Zealand,
1971-1 973
Sew Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
Tokyo and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
Rumania, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U. *. , 1971-1972
C311Etf TS
?EFF9E^:ES
All-bran
Guthria, 1975
Far=x
3uthri = , 1975
Heetbix
3uthri=, 1975
Ririas
Guttiris, 1975
Bransttes
Guthris, 1975
Oatmsil, 3ry
Suthri=, 1975
RollsJ oats, 3ry
Guthris, 1975
Pro;=sseJ
Ikebs =t 31. , 1977a
Laugsl. =t il. , 1976
Rautu inJ Sporn, 1970
3uthri=, 1975
Rautu jn3 Sporn, 1970
Suthri?, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Fooi, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 6. CADHim IN FOREIGN F33DS FROM UNCONTAMINATEC AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
^OOD,
PPOCESSING
METHOD
Chaese, white, F
Chsrry, R
Cherry, sour, R
Chicken, C
Chicken, 0
Chicken, R
Chicken, dark meat, H
Chicken, liver, R
Chicken, mature, R
MEAN
(MS/K3,
WET WT.)
0.039
0.000
0.040 gso.
mean
0.02
0.02
0.052
0.05
0.53
0.06
0.05
0.016
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.050-0. 035
0.3002-3.304
0.322-0.376
0.31-0.03
[]
[ ]
[]
0.31-0. OB
0.008-0.320
0.31-0.01
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
13
14
a
1
2
:]
2
:]
1
a
6
5
ANAL.
ME? HOD,
DETECTION
LI HIT
(PPM)
Sp ., 0.25 ug
AAS, O.OD02
AAS, 0.032
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
P, 0. 25 ag
ca/mi
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DME OF
SAMPLING
Rumania, [ ]
"
Sweden, [ ]
Dortmund, Best
Germany, 1973-1974
U.S., 1971-1972
O.K. , 1971-1972
Japan, r ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, [ ]
U.<., 1971-1972
Japan, [ ]
West Germany, 197U
Japan, f ]
C311ESTS
REFERENCES
Rautu mi Spam, 1970
Fuohs at il., 1976
Pfeilsti;k=r jn3
Markard, 1973
PrepirsS for crooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Foo3, 1973
Prepares for rooking
Ministry of
Agriciiltare, Fisheries
an3 Foo3, 1973
Yamagata and
Shigsmjtsu, 1973
Guthris, 1975
Yamagita *n3
Shigematsu, 1970
Ministry of
Agricultur;, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe st il. , 1977b
Collet, 1975
Ikebe »t si., 1977b
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. :ADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM TJNCDNTA;IINA'T-ED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LTSTIN:;
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Chicken, white meat, R
Citrine, R
dim, ban, R
Clam, short-nesk, 5
Clam, short-necked
(TS'JKUDANT) , 0
Clave, P
Co;oa and drinking
chocolate, R
Co3, P
Col (GADHS NORRHUA) ,
muscle, R
Col (TPISOPTERUS
MINUTUS), R
Co5 , artic (BOKEOGADUS
SAT DA), 0
MEAN
(MS/KG,
MET HI. )
0.03
0.008
0. 12
0. 13
0.8U
0.81
0.11
0.09
0.027
0.006
0.11
8.5 (dry
basis)
<0.05 (dry
basis)
_- -
RANGE
(M3/K1,
KET WT.I
_
[ ]
[ ]
0.03-0.23
r ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.3H-0.1H
[ ]
O.D03-0.312
[ ]
[ ]
U
SUHBEF.
0?
SM1PLSS
2
•
[ ]
1
5
[]
: i
2
2
: ]
7
6
100
7
ANAL.
1ETHOP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
IUS, 0.01
IUS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
New Zsaland,
1971-1973
w = st Ssrsany , " ]
Japan, ' ]
"
Japan, \ ]
Shikoku, Japan, " ]
"
Kansai , Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.S., 1971-1972
HDkuriku, Japan, [ ]
Langesund, Nornay,
1970-1971
U.K. , NE :oast.
1972-1973
OHbury-Dn-Sevsrn,
U.K., 1973
Baffin Island,
197H-1975
COMMENTS
PEFEP^NCES
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Processed food
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 197D
Processei food
Yamagata and
Shigsnutsu, 1970
Suthrie, 1975
Ministry of
Agriciltire, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Yamagata and
Shigematsa , 1 37D
Fish nus^le analyzed
Havre et al. , 1973
No known rant aiination
sources
Wright, 1976
Whole fish
Hardiaty et al., 197U
Fillet
Bohn and IcElroy, 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLF A.6. CADI 101 IN F3REI31 FDDDS FROM ONC3NTAIINATED AREAS. ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Col, artic (BOHE3GADOS
SAIDA) , R
Co1 , art ic, liver
(BOKEOGADOS SAIDA) , B
Co3, Atlantic (GADUS
MORHOA) , R
Cod, blue, 0
Coi, blue, R
Co3, fillets, F
Col, fillets, R
Col , offshore , R
Co3 , red , 5
Coffas, 0
Coffee, bean, R
MEAN
WET WT.)
0.62 (dry
basis)
0.72 (dry
basis)
0.0t3
0.07
0.07
0.01
0. 18
0. 12
<0.05
[]
0.03
0.06U
<0.01
0.03
RANGE
(MG/K3,
WET WT. )
0.26-1.5 (3ry
basis)
0.35-1.5 (3ry
basis)
0.000-0. 119
0.002-0.018
t ]
0.01
O.D2-0.34
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
47
15
10
1
1
1
1
7
2
19
1
I]
3
3
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0001
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
A\S, C.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLIN3
Baffin Island,
1974,1975
Baffin Island,
1974, 1975
Icelandic waters, r ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
0. S. , 1971-1972
North Sea, 1970
O.K. coastal natecs,
1970
Waters distant from
0. K. , 1970
1972-197U
>)ew Zealand,
1971-1973
W=st Germany, '_ ]
Osaka, Tokyo, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
««"""s
Whole fish
Bohn and M:Elroy, 1976
Bohn jnd M;ELroy, 1976
Zook »t al. , 1976
Smoked
Suthri?, 1975
3uthri=, 1975
Prepared for Booking
Ministry of
Agricaltare, Fisheries
and Foo3, 1973
Portmann, 1972
Portmann, 1972
Portmann, 1972
Harms, 1975
Guthris, 1975
Ready to use
Essinj et al., 1969
Pondered extract,
instant
Ikeb? et al., 1977a
Tanaka et al. , 1977
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.S. CAD1IU1 IN FORET3N FOODS FRO!1 U N CO") TI". IN1 A"ED APEA3, ALPHABETICAL LISTTN1.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
MF^HOf
CoFfe?, green; coffee
instant; cocoa; tea, R
Coffee, instant, R
Corn, C
Cocn, F
Corn, 0
Corn, grain, R
Corn, sweet, R
Crab, C
MEAN
(MS/KG,
WET HI.)
n.3131
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.05
<0.050
0.01 (dry
basis)
0.07
3.1
0. 123
0. 123
_
"UNGE
(M3/K1,
HST WT. |
-
0.0002-0.0505
O.OU-0.03
0.01-0.08
[ ]
[ ]
0.01-0.08
(dry basis)
[ ]
1 .3-5.2
N'IMSFR
OK
SIMPLES
5
3
1
3
2
10
2U
2
6
1
1
ANAL.
ar.THnr,
nETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
HAS, 0.0002
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
P, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
SP-, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp . , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DA'E OF
SAMPLING
Alsa;a , France, " ]
"
U.K., 1971-1972
U.*., 1971-1972
0. K. , 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Rumania, " ]
'
W = st Gernany , ' ]
"
He« Zealand,
1971-1973
II. K. , ' ]
"
Japan, ' ]
Jioan, [ ]
COMMENTS
PEFFB^NCES
Laugel et al., 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 197?
Prepared far :33kiiig
Ministry of
Agriciltare, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agricult J r? , Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Meal
Guthrie, 1975
Meal
Rauta and Sporn, 197C
Mean recalculated to
include all samples.
Crossmn ind Eg = ls,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
Dressed :rabn=it
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
SchroeJer anl Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TA"3LE 1.5. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN POODS FROM 'J NCOH T A*IN ATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LIS?rN3.
(CONTINUEB)
POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Crib, 0
Crab, R
Crab (CANCER PAGDRUS),
whale, P
crab, clawmeat and
other white meat, C
Crab, dressed.
contains brown meat, C
Crib, red, R
Crib, white meat, C
Crab, whole, cocks
(CANCER PAGqRUS L .) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.I
6.u
1.7
1. u
[ }
0.36
0.09
3.8
0.02
<0.01
U. u
RANGE
(MG/K3,
HET HT. I
2.5-8.6
0.5-U.3
1.2-1.7
0.076-0. 1U
[ ]
0.35-0. 15
1 .3-6. it
0.17-8.4
NUMBEP
3P
SAMPLES
6
5
2
[ ]
3
6
2
1
1
9
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
SP-. [ ]
sp., []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., [ ]
.
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
SP., [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
•J.K., ; ]
U.K., ; ]
(I. K. , 1971-1972
San-in, Japan , | ]
U. K. , NE 3oast,
1972-1973
O.K., f ]
U.!C. , 1971-1 972
Japan, [ ]
U.S. , 1971-1972
U.K. , []
COMMENTS
FFPFPENCES
Crabmeat raw, dark
body and mixed
Reynol J s an3
Reynolds, 1971
Crab pistes aid
spreads
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Paste
Ministry of
Agrictiltire, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ifamagata and
Shigsmitsu, 1973
No kno
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREI3N FOODS FROM B N C3H T AM I N ATED AR
(CONTINUED)
2AS, ALPHABETICAL LISTENS.
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Crib, whole, hens
(CANCSR PAGURUS L.) , R
Cream, C
Crsam, R
Cra am, co ff ee, P
Cucumber, R
currant, black, :
Current, black, c
Current, black, R
MEAN
(MS/KG,
WET MT.|
5.8
0.01
<0. 01
0.02
0.012
0.01
0.003
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.07U geo.
mean
PANGE
(MG/K3,
HET WT. 1
2.1-9.7
[ ]
0.01-0.34
C ]
0.01
0.0002-0. 314
0.01
0.31
0.01
0.055-0.098
N7MBFR
OP
SAMPLES
20
.
1
7
3
C3
3
29
3
2
4
U
5
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
SP-, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
MS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
U. K. , ' ]
"
a. K. , 1971-1972
'
U.K., 1971-1972
Tokyo, Hyogo, and
Hokkaido, Japan, " ]
Hest Serraany, [ ]
O.K., 1971-1972
Sweden, ; ]
Japan, \ ]
Ne« Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K. , [ ]
Portland, West
Germany, 1973-1974
COMIENrs
FEFERENCE3
Edible portions
Reynolds and Reynolds,
1971
Kinistry of
Agri-Jit ir= , Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et »!., 1977a
Essing et al. , 1969
Thomas et al. , 1972
Fuchs et al., 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1377
Guthrie, 1975
Ministry of
AgricjltJre, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas at al. , 1973
Authors' mean
corrertei fron 0.017.
Karkard, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TA3LE A.5. CADMIUM IN FOREI3N FOODS "POM 'JNC3NT AMINATEB AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
rOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Current, red, R
Curry roux, R
Cuttlefish (HONKO), O
Cuttlefish (SUROME) , 0
Cuttlefish, liver
(M3NKO) , 0
Cuttlefish, liver
(SaROlE) , 0
Daison. C
Pu;k, liver, R
Eel, liver (ANGOILLA
AN3UILLA) , R
Eel, muscle (ANGOILLA
ANGOILLM , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.|
0.051 geo.
mean
0.01
0. 18
0.12
110.0
9«. 0
<0.01
<0.01
<0. 01
5.020 (dry
basis)
0.336 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MS/K3,
WET HT.I
0.036-0. 101
0.01
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.01
0.01
0. 002-13. 4
(dry basis)
0.002-1.19
(dry basis)
NUMBER
OP
S*MPL5S
3
3
: ]
:]
[]
: ]
2
2
1
12
12
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
HAS, C.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, O.C02
I
I
LOCATION,
DATr OF
SAMPLING
Dort nun3 , West
Germany, 1973-197U
Nara, Osata, and
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Africa, [ ]
San-in, Japan, [ ]
Africa, r_ ]
Saa-in , Jaoan, " ]
U.S., 1971-1972
U.K. , [ ]
U. K. , 1971-1972
a.*., ']
U.K. , [ ]
COMMENTS |
REFERENCES |
Pfeilsticker and
MarkirJ, 1975
Ikebe 9t si., 1977a
Prifd
Yamagata an3
Shigsnutsu, 1973
Dris3
Yamagata and
Shigematsa, 1970
Dria3
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Dried
Yamagata and
Shigsmatsu, 197D
Ministry of
Agricultare, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et 3!., 1973
Ministry of
Agricul tiira , Fishsriss
and Food, 1973
Romeril and Davis,
1976
Rom=ril and Davis,
1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
PA3LK A.5. 3HDMIUM IN FOPEI1N F03DS PPOPI tTN CDN r AMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Eel , with skin, [ ]
Eag , R
Egg, hen, R
Egg, hen, whola, R
Egg, h»n, yolk, R
Eggplant, R
Elk , flesh, R
Elt , kidney, R
Elt , liver, R
Fat , R
1
MEAN
( MG/K G ,
WET HI.)
0.01
0.028
<0. 01
0.022
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.59
8.05
1. 50
<0.03
RANGE
(MG/K~,
MET HT.I
[ ]
[ ]
0.01-0.03
[ ]
0.01-3.33
[ ]
[ ]
0.02-0.04
0.01-0.25
NUMBER
3F
SAMPLES
5
[ ]
10
13
130
2
2
3
1
1
1
«1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0. 25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATF OF
SAMPLING
Nsw Zealand,
1971-1973
W = st Garmany , ' ]
'
U.K., 1971-1972
Rumania, [ ]
Canada, " ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, ; ]
Porvoa, Finland,
1965
Porvsa, Finland,
1965
Porvoo, Finland,
1955
U. K. , 1971-1 972
COMMENTS
PFPFFEMCES
_
Guthrie, 1975
Essing et al., 1969
Ministry Df
Agriculturs , Fishsrias
and Food, 1973
Rautu inJ Sporr, 1970
No iiffac5n-2s
observed among
different regions of
country.
Kickpatcick and
Coffin, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
k
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al., 1977
Jaakkala et al., 1973
Jaakksla et al. , 1973
Jaakkala et al., 1973
Ministry of
Agricultura , Fisherias
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.5. CADMI'JM IN FORET1N F03DS FFOM II N CDN T A * T N ATFD AREAS, » LP HA R FT I T A L LISTtNl
(CONTTNUTi)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pish, f ]
?i=h, C
Fish, F
Fish, 0
Fi=h, P
"ish, commercial
species, R
Fish, Gurnard, R
Fish, Hapuku, R
Fish» Kahawai, E
M2AN
(MG/K5,
WET MT.|
<0. 05-0. 15
0.015
0. 192
0. 126
0.01
0.01
<0. 02
0.014
0.08
0.015 gea.
mean
O.OD5 gao.
mean
0.002 geo.
mean
RANGE
(MG/KS,
MET »T.I
[ ]
0.008-0.050
0. 028-0. 55U
0.027-0. 188
0.01
0.01
0.01-0.35
[ ]
0.32-0. 17
0. 008-0. 02U
0.001-0.311
0.002-0.033
'UMBER
OF
S\MPLES
[ ]
16
7
12
3
3
43
[ ]
193
70
70
70
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
IUS, [ ]
?, 0. 25 ng
:3/ml
AAS, 0.0002
-------
TABLE A.6. CADHI'JI IN FDREI3S FDDDS "ROM UHC3N TR II NA T D AREAS, ALPtI A BET 1C AL LIFTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
MFTHOD
Fis h, Lemon, [ ]
Fish, marine, R
Fish, mixed species,
muscle tissue, R
Fish, Moki, R
Fish, Tarakihi, R
Fish, Trevally, R
Fish, with oil, "
Fish, with tomato
sauca, C
Fish, 13 species, R
FlDinrler, R
FlDunder (PL\TICHTH!fES
FL3Sini , R
Fl3ur, white, 3
MEAN
(M7/K3,
WET HT.)
0.05
0.022
0.02
0.005 gao.
mean
0.006 geo.
mean
0.010 geo.
mean
0.066
0.07U
0.039
O.C1
5.5 (Jry
basis)
CO. 03
RANG1;
(N3/K3,
WET WT. )
0.005-0.045
0.00-0. 13
0.001-3.112
0.002-0.015
0.006-0.312
0.050-0.213
0.050-0.25 3
3.333-0.231
3.31-3.32
: ]
3. 31-3. 35
-
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
__
1
s
: i
73
68
70
13
13
95
3
253
9
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
*AS, [ ]
HAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
\15, 0.31
U5, 0.01
LOCATION,
DA^E OF
SAMPLING
Ne« Zealand,
1971-1973
Alsace, France, [ ]
Taiwan, 1973
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973
Rumania, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
"
-arinthian lakes,
Austria, ; ]
flart ham \tlanti;
5^aan, \ ]
3L3b jry- DI- 5 av^rn,
U.<., 1973
3. ^. , 1371-1372
. ..
CD11ESTS
PEPERES3ES |
Guthria , 1975
Laugsl et al., 1976
Jeng and riuauj, 1973
Edibl= musrl;
analyzed.
Brooks and Ramsey,
197U
Edible mjscle
analyzed.
Brooks anl Runs=y,
197U
Edible musrle
analyzed.
Brooks an3 Runs?y,
1974
Rautu in3 Sporn, 1970
Rautu inJ Sparn, 1970
IV c i s o r ct a 1 . , 1975
Ik3D? 3t »L., 1377b
i(tlDl3 fisi
SirJiaty ?t >L., 1974
Ministry Df
Agricilti:?, Pisheriss
inl ?303, 1973
(NEXT P^3EI
-------
E A.5. :nnini 11 F33FI5* »):ns
POOD,
PR3CBSSI1S
METHOD
Flour, wholemeal, ?
PCI it, R
Pri it , a ani 0
Fruit juices, C
I'm it juices, R
Fruit, mixed types, R
Fruits and preserves,
0
Garlic, Chinese, p
Ginqer root, R
Gooseberry, R
Grapefruit, c
I^AS
(M;/K;,
WET MT.I
0.07
1 . 3 3 '4
3.33137
<0.01
<0.01
O.C03
<0.01
0.07
0.032
U1
3
3
8
u
1NAL.
1EFH3D,
DEIECri3'J
LIMIT
(PPD
^^5, o.oi
?, 3.25 ij
:3/ml
\\S, 0.0)32
AAS, 0.01
M\S, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C02
AAS, 0.01
LO^ATIDN, |
D^ T5 DP I
SAM?I.I»! |
I
T. ?. , 1371-1972
<2st 55rmiy,
M 3 1 : » , F : n i » , ']
O.K., 1971-1972
"3.K. , 1971-1972
Sveien, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
Hokkaido and Oita,
Japan, f ]
Kochi and Tokushima,
Japan, [ ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
U.K., 1971-1972
33 1 1EJ T3
3E' 3SF) : FT
Wiftist try of
Agr 131 L t i r 5, Fish=ri?s
jn3 ?:>}}, 1973
:oll;t, 1975
Fc = 3lv ml 3^^3^n^^i
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agricultare, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fuchs et al., 1976
Prepared for eating
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al., 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Pfeilst irk=>r anJ
Markard, 1«75
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
10
u>
o
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM TJ N COST AMINATED APEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTIS3.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Grapefruit, C
Grapefruit, R
G races, R
Groper, [ ]
Herbs, 0
Herbs, six types, 0
Herring, 0
Herring, F
Honey, R
Horseradish powder, R
Jam, strawberry, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
_
<0.01
<0. 01
0.007
0.02
0.01
0.79
<0.050
<0.050
0.016
0.06
0.0055
<0.01
0.22
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT. |
0.01
0.01
[ ]
0.02-0.06
0.02-3. 1
[ ]
[ ]
0.004-0.033
[ ]
0.0002-0.0 11
0.01
0.16-0.30
0.01
*!'JMBER
OF
SAMPLES
_- _
U
3
10
1
6
15
13
10
6
2
2
3
3
3
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LI MI"
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0. 25 uq
AAS, [ ]
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0.25 ug
Sp. , 0. 25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, O.OC02
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
._ __
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
U.K. , [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Rumania, " ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Rumania, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
Langesund, Norway,
1970-1971
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Alsace, France, [ ]
Tokyo and Nara,
Japan, [ ]
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Kochi, and
Hiroshima, Japan, [ ]
COMMENTS
INFERENCES
Thomas et al. , 1973
Imported from U.S.
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Guthrie, 1975
Dried
Thomas et al. , 1972
Dried
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Smoked
Eautu an3 Sporn, 1970
Salte3
Rautu ani Sporn, 1970
Fish muscle analyzed
Havre et al., 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
PABLK A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPOM UNCQNT AMI N ATEf) AD EAS, »LPHABETICAL LI S
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Jellies, seven
flavors, P
Kidney, type
unspecified, C
Kingfish, E
Kohlrabi, R
Lamb, 0
Lamb, chops, R
lamb, kidney, 0
Lamb, liver, 0
Lard, two types, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
<0.03
O.U32
0.006 geo.
mean
O.C8
0.031
0.026 geo.
mean
0.02
0.01
0. 27
0.02
0.03
PANGS
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0. 10
0.050-0.762
0.002-0.0114
[]
[ ]
0.010-0.071
0.01-0.03
[ ]
0.02-0.71
0.01-0.06
0.02-0.04
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
9
70
12
[ ]
m
«
2
n
4
2
P.HAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OP
SAMPLING
U.K., 1971-1972
Rumania, [ ]
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973
Jena , GDP,, [ ]
Hes+ Germany, [ ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
U.K., 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
U. K. , 1971-1972
1
1
COKF1ENTE
PEFEPFNCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Rautu an! Sporn, 197C
Edible muscle
analyzed.
Brooks and Rumsey,
197U
Anke et il. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 19^3
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
rARLE 1.6. CAPNI'JM IN FOREIGN F03DS FROM 'JtlCON TA MI NA T D AREAS, A LPH A P5.T ICAL US]
(CONTINUED)
ING.
''COD,
npOCESSING
METHOD
Leafy vegetables,
mixed, "
Leek, R
Leek, fresh, 0
Legume vegetables, 0
lemon, T)
Lentil, brown, 0
Lettuce, p
Lettuce, head, R
MEAN
(M3/K-;,
WET WT.)
0.07
0.04
0.025
0.04
0.03185 ug/rol
0.01
0.06
0.029
0.02
0.054 geo.
mean
O.OH2
0.03
PANGE
(KG/KG,
W?T WT. )
0.05-0. 1
0.02-0.09
0.010-0.050
0.02-0.09
o. 0002-0. oom
ug/ml
0.01-0.04
[ ]
0.0002-0.360
[ ]
0. 031-0. 147
[ ]
0.02-0.05
NUMBER
OF
SA MPLES
6
4
5
4
9
5
2
26
2
9
[ ]
3
ANAL.
M FT HOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPH)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
JUS, O.C002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
._ _
LOCATION,
D«TE OF
SAMPLING
_
U.K. , 1971-1972
O.K. , 1971-1972
Sweden , [ ]
O.K. , 1971-1972
Alsace , Fr ance, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Sweden , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
West Germany, ^ ]
Japan, [ ]
COMMENTS
RFFER FYCES
Grown 8 miles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Fuchs et al., 1976
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Soup, with and without
meat
Laugel et =il. , 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Dried
Guthrie, 1975
Fuchs et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Pfeilsti:ker an-1
Markard, 1975
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Tanaka et al. , 1977
(NEXT PAG?)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM I.INC01T AHINATFD APEA"7, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Lettuce, leaf, R
Ling fish, [ ]
Lizardfish (SAURIDA
ELONGATA) , P
Lizardfish (SY.NODUS
SIHILIS) , R
Lobster, claw meat, C
Lobster, mixed claw
and tail meat, C
Lobster, tail meat, C
Mackerel, C
Mackerel, R
Mackerel, Spanish, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
W3T HT.)
0.093 geo.
m<=ar\
0.03
O.OH
0.030
<0. 1
1 .1
<0. 1
0. 19
0.06
0.01
0.01
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 037-0. 198
[ ]
[ ]
[]
0.90-1.3
[]
0.02-0. 12
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.01
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLE?
5
1
5
6
3
2
1
2
3
12
1U
5
ANAL.
1ETHOP,
rs™ECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
I
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Thailand, Eayong
area, 1972
Thailand, Inner
Gulf, 1972
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
Tokyo, Japan , [ ]
Shizuoka, Japan, ']
Nagasaki, Japan, " ]
Korea, [ ]
COMMENTS
PEF^PENCFS
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Huschenb?th and Harms,
1975
Huschenb=th and Harms,
1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Ikebe et al., 1977b
(NEXT PAGF)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADII'JM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCON TH MI NH TE D AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(COSTUMIER)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
largarine, n
Har garine ,
polyunsaturated, R
Marmalade, H
Marmalade, orange, R
Marrow, H
Mayonnaise, R
« ei t , C
M ea t , 0
MEAN
(MS/K3,
W*:T m.)
0.035
<0.02
<0.01
0.03
0.007
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.027
0.011
0.03
0.02
0.02
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WBT MT.)
[ ]
0.01-0.03
0.01
[ 1
[ ]
<0. 01
[ ]
0.01-0.02
0.050-0. 100
0.005-0.018
0.01-0.07
0.01-0.05
0.01-0. OH
1
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[ ]
3
3
2
10
3
2
2
1«
U
20
25
20
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
Sp, 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.25 ug
P, 0.25 ng
cd/mi
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
FAFPLING
West Germany, [ ]
D.K., 1971-1972
Tokyo and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ]
Sew Zealand,
1971-1973
Rumania, [ ]
Tokyo, Hokkaida, and
Hiroshima, Japan, [ ]
New 'Zealand,
1971-1973
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Rumania , T ]
"
West Germany, 197U
Canada , [ ]
Canada, [ ]
Canada, [ ]
COMMENTS
PE"EPPNCES
Essing et al. , 1969
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Kautu and Sporn, 1970
Collet, 1975
Bologna
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Salami
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Processes luncheon
meat
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLF A.b. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FFOM UNCQNTAM INA'ED APEAS, ALPH»PFTICAL LIS:
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
I PROCESSING
METHOD
Meat, 0
Meat and fish, 0
Meat pie, steak and
kidney, C
Heat, all types, c, H
or 0
Heat, miscellaneous, 0
Meat, ready-to-eat, C
Milk, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
O.C19
0.012
O.C1
<0.02
0.08
0.02
O.C3
0.02
0.07
0.02
0.011
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.050-0.083
0.008-0.020
0.01-0. 0«
0.01-0.09
0.00-0. 12
0.01-0.22
0.0 1-0.09
0.01-0.22
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
N'JMEEP
OP
SAMPLES
10
7
17
01
2
190
15
15
2
2
[ ]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DEFECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.25 u g
p, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
PATF OF
SAMPLING
Ruraani a , [ ]
West Germany, 197«
Canada, [ ]
O.K., 1971-1972
U.K. , 1971-1972
Canada , [ ]
Canada, [ ]
Canada , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New 7ealard,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
COMMENTS
FEFFHFNCES
Cold cats
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Sausage products
Collet, 1975
Smoked and unsmoke*
weiners
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Pastrami, smoked
meats, dried uncooked
ham, etc.
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Powdered skim
Guthrie, 1975
Powdered fullcream
Guthrie, 1975
Condense!
Essing et al. , 1969
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLB A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM MNCOST AMI»'>TFD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Milk, 0
111k, R
Milk powder, C
Bilk, evaporated and
condensed, R
Mullet, grey (LIZA
RA1 ADA) , R
Mushroom, C
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET HT.)
0.009
0.02U geo.
mean
0.009
O.OOOOU7
<0.25
<0.002
<0.0002
0.03
<0.01
3.0 (dry
basis)
0. 11
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.010-0.076
0.000011-0.00
04
[ ]
0.001-0.007
[ ]
0.01-0.06
0.01-0.02
[ ]
0.03-0.19
__
"UBBEB
OF
SAMPLES
1
3
[ 1
12
10
30
98
2
5
100
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMI"1
(PPM)
__
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, C.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.001
P, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Alsace, France, []
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197U
West Germany, [ ]
Alsace, France, []
Rumania, [ ]
U. K. , 1972
Sweden , [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
O.K., 1971-1972
01 dbury -on -Severn,
U.K., 1973
U. K. , 1971-1972
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Powdered
Laugel et al., 1976
Pfeilsticker and
Markar3 , 1975
Essing et al. , 1969
Laugel et al. , 1976
Rautu anl Sporn, 1970
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Jonsson, 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Whole fish
Hardisty et al., 197U
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Aqriculturs, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN F33DS FROM UNCONTA MI NA T P AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LIFTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Mushroom, R
Mussel, R
Mustard, 0
Mustard, P
Mustard, powder, P
Mutton, chops, P
Mutton, kidney, R
Mutton, liver, P
MEAN
(MG/K3,
WET WT.)
0.02
0.02
0.0 16
S, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
I
LOCATION, |
DATE OF
CAMPLING
'I. K. , 1971-1972
U. K. , 1971-1972
Sweden, [ ]
Tasman Bay, New
Zealand, [ ]
Nara , Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
Bitterfeld, GDP, [ ]
Merseburg, GDH, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Bitterfeld, [ ]
Mersehurg, GDS, [ ]
COMMENTS |
FEPEnFNCES
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al., 1972
Fuchs et al., 1976
Brooks and Rumsby,
1965
Prepared
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ikebe at al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Site of chemical
industry
Anke =t al. , 1976
Site of chemical
industry
Anke et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
"ABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPON UNCONTA MI NA TE D AREAS, "LPHAEFTICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Mutton, liver, R
o at s , R
Oats, grain, [ ]
Oats, grain, R
Octopus, R
Octopus, liver, R
Oil , P
Oil and fat, R
Oil, cooking, three
t yp es , p.
Oil, olive, 5
Oil, peanut, R
MEAN
(MG/KT,
WET WT.)
0. 13
O.OId
0.011
0.04
0.01 (dry
basis)
<0.01
25.0
<0.010
0.0026
<0.03
0.008
<0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT. |
_
0.09-0. 16
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.01-0.28
(drv basis)
[ ]
[]
[ ]
0.0015-0.0036
0.01-O.OU
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2
8
8
12
67
[ ]
[ ]
10
u
3
[ ]
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.01
Sp, 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1973
North Sweden, 1971
South Sweden, 1971
Jena, GDP, [ ]
West Germany , [ ]
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
Hokuriku, Japan, r ]
"
Rumania , [ ]
Alsace , France, [ ]
U.K. , 1971-1972
West Germany, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
CONSENTS
P Ef EP F.NCES
Guthrie, 1975
K jell strom et al. ,
197U
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197U
Anke et al. , 1976
Authors' Jata recal'd
to include all samples
in mean.
Grossman and Egels,
1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Pautu anfl Sporn, 1970
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Essing et al., 1969
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TARLE A.fi. CADMI'lM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPDM UK CON T A MT N AmED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
1 1T HOD
Oil, sunflower, D
Okra, ?
Onion, R
Onion, long, R
Onion, mature, white.
p
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
<0.01
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.0»
0.04
0.027 geo.
mean
0.017
0.011
0.008
0.003
O.C18
0.03
RANGE
(JIG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
O.OU-0. 11
[]
0.03-0. 1 a
0.01-0.09
0.01-0.09
0.018-0. OHO
[ ]
0.0002-0.036
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
N'l MBEP
0"
SAMPLES
2
u
12
3
11
11
2
[ ]
21
2
[ ]
[]
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, C.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
New ??aland.
1971-1973
Kochi, Japan , * ]
Jena , GDE, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
O.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
West Germany, [ ]
Sweden , [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
Hokkaido, Japan, ~m ]
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
COMMENT?
FEFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Anke et al. , 1976
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Essing et al., 1969
Fuchs et al., 1976
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Y amagat a and
Shigematsu, 1973
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMI'JM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UN CON"1 AMI MATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
1 *OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Onion, W°lsh, R
Ora nge , C
Or? nge , R
Orange (mandarin) , C
oxtail, 0
Oyster, [ ]
Oyster, R
Oyster (CRASSOSTREA
COMMERCIALS) , R
MEAN
(PIG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03
0.01
0.029
O.C1
0.002
0.002
<0.01
0.0037
<2.0-19.8
<0. 05-0. 55
35.0 (dry
basis)
0. 28
0. 2
BANGS
(MG/KG,
WF,T WT.)
0.02-0.06
O.C1
[]
[]
[ ]
0.0002-0.007
[ ]
O.OOOU-0. 0061
[ ]
[ ]
20-«3 (dry
basis)
0.23-0.32
0. 1-1.0
_ _
N'JHBEP
0"
SAMPLES
3
3
r i
2
[]
U
3
U3
C ]
[ ]
6
7
980
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LI MI1*
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, O.OOC2
AAS, 0.01
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
ES, 20
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.05
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Japan , [ ]
O.K., [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Kyushu , Japan , [ ]
Sweden, [ ]
U. K. , 1971 -1972
West Germany, 197«
Tasmania, [ ]
Australia, [ ]
Tasman Bay, New
7,eal and, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Australia, 1973
COMMENTS
PEFEFENCES
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1973
Prepared for eating
Fssing et al. , 1969
Guthrie, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Fuchs et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Dried oxtail soup.
Data are for
reconstitute! product.
Collet, 1975
Miller et al. , 1976
Miller et al. , 1976
Brooks an3 Rumsby,
1965
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Mackay et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS "ROM ONCOST*. SI NATFD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
"COD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Oyster (CRASSOSTPEA
GTO AS) , R
Oyster (CHASSOSTREA
"IABGAR.ITACEA) , R
Oyster (OSTREA ANGASI
Sow erby) , R
Oyster (OSTHEA
EDtltlS) , B
Oyster (OSTSEA
LUTARIA) , H
Oyster, Bluff, C
Oyster, cultured
(CRASSOSTREA GIGAS), R
Parsley, R
Parsrip, D
H?.AN
(MS/KS,
WET WT.)
3.7 (dry
basis)
2.5 (dry
basis)
10.7
3.1 (dry
basis)
6.43
0. 19
0. 25
0. 22
0.21
0. 21
C.081 geo.
mean
0.057
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
O.OU3-0. 170
0.016-C.1 1 1
NUMBER
OP
SAMPLES
57
56
1
56
14-20
2
30
30
30
60
6
5
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.05
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
South Africa, [ ]
South Africa, [ ]
Tasmanian waters,
1972-1973
South Africa, [ ]
Foveaux Strait, New
Zealand, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973
Taiwan coastal
waters, 1973
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
Sweden , [ ]
COMMENT?
REFERENCES
Watling and Watling,
1976
Watling and Watling,
1976
Eustace, 1974
Watling and Watling,
1976
High cadmium
concentration thought
to occur naturally
since industrial
pollution is absent
from immediate area.
Nielsan, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Jena and Huang, 1973
Jeng and Huang, 1973
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Fuchs
-------
rABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FBOM U N CON" All N ATED ABEAS, ALPHABETICAL
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PPOCESSING
METHOD
Parsnip, B
Pei , C
Pea , F
Pea, "
Pea, green, P
Pea, green, processed,
[ ]
t>ea, split, 0
•oea, with pod
(Sa yaendo) , R
Peach, C
Peach, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_ _
o.ou
O.C7
0.02
O.OU2 (geo.
mean)
0.004
0.05
0.01
0.001
0.06
0.01
0.01
<0.01
O.C11
_ _
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.|
[ ]
0.05-0,09
0.01-0.09
0.019-0.075
0. 003-0. OD5
C ]
0.01-0.02
[]
[ ]
0.01
0.01
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2
10
6
12
5
2
3
[]
2
3
it
4
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_ _
AAS, [ ]
AA3, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAE, []
Sp., O.C1
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
TATE 0"
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1 973
U.K. , 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Dortmund , West
Germany, 1973-197U
Sweden, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Kyoto and Osaka,
Japan, [ ]
Australia, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, [ ]
U.K., [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
West Germany, [ ]
COMMENTS
PEPESFNCES
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for rooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Pfeilstisker and
Markard, 1975.
Fuchs et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Miller et al. , 1976
Dried
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Thomas et al. , 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Prepared for eating
Fssing et al. , 1969
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CAD1IUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPOM ntfCON"AM INATED A9FAS, ALPMABFTICAL tISTT
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
P ea c h , P
Peach, Golden Queen, H
Peanut, n
Peanut butter, R
Pear, R
Pear, flesh, F
Pear, skin, B
Pear, whole, R
Pear, w i* h skin,
Louise Bonne de
Jersey, S
Pepper, sweet, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.002
<0.01
0.08
0.08
0.012
0.011 geo.
mean
0.02
0.02
0.03
O.C3
0.02
0.04
PANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.0002-0.006
O.OU-0. 11
0.02-0. 18
[ 1
0.010-0.013
0.01-0.09
0.01-0. Ott
0.01-0.09
0.01-0.09
0.03-0.05
NUHBFP
OP
SAMPLES
U
1
3
3
r ]
3
11
11
6
6
1
3
AN AL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, O.OC2
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Sweden , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Osaki, and
Ibaragi, Japan, []
West Germany, [ ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-197(1
U. K. , 1971-1972
U.K. , 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K. , 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, [ ]
I
I
COMMENTS
F EFEPFNCES
Fuchs e*. al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al., 1977
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Prepared for eating
Essing et al. , 1969
Pfeilsti^ker and
Markard, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
(NEXT PAGF)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FFOM UN CON?ANINA7FD APEAS, 1LP^AEETTCAL LTS1
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pepper, sweet , H
Peppercorn, black, R
Peppercorn, white, R
Pike, ^
Pike (ESOX LUCIUS L. ) ,
P
Pike, flesh (ESOX
LUCIUS L.) , K
Pikp, kidney' (ESOX
LUCIUS I .) , P.
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.029
0.11
0.06
0.00«
0.003
0.002
0.013
0.005
o.ooa
O.OOU
O.OOtt
o.oou
0. 339
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
__
0. 015-0. OU3
"
U
0.001-0.008
0. 003-0. ODU
0. 003-0. OOU
N'JMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
U
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
'
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
HAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
P»TE OF
SAMPLING
Sweden, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Langesund, Norway,
1970-1971
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 1970
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Finland,
Huttinen, Finland,
1963
Gulf of Finland,
Porkkala, Finland,
196P
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gul f of Bothnia ,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
CO"! BENTS
FEFEEENCES
FuchR et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Fish muscle analyzed.
Havre et al., 1973
Flesh analyzed
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Flesh analyzed
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkala et al. , 1973
Jaakkala et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
(NF" "" PAGE)
-------
TABL" A.6. CADMIUM IN FORFISN
FDODS FPOM UNCONTAMI NATEn AREAS, ALPHA BET 1C At LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
Fccn,
PPOCES?ING
METHOD
Pike, kidney (ESOX
1UCIUS L.) , B
Pike, liver (ESOX
LUCIUM L.) , H
Pike, liver (ESOX
IUCIDS L.) , R
Pineapple, C
1 __
MEAN
(HS/K",
W 5 T W ^ . )
0. 308
0.295
0.232
0. 169
O.C28
O.C03
0. 113
0.096
0.070
0.055
0.03U
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET HT. )
0.01-0.03
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATF OF
SAMPLING
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
Gulf of Finland,
Tammisaari, 1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
197C
Gul f of Bothnia ,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970 '
Gulf of Finland,
Tvarminne, 197C
Gulf of Bothnia,
Kokkola, Finland,
1970
U.K., [ ]
C3MM FNTS
REFERENCES
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al. , 1973
Jaakkola et al., 1973
Thomas et al. , 1973
(NEXT PAGF)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM ONCOST AMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Pineapple, C
Plaice, fillets, R
Plaice, offshore, P
Plaice, onshore, R
Plum, C
Plum, B
Plum, three 'Varieties,
C
MEAN
(MO/KG,
WET WT.)
_
<0.01
0.12
O.C7
0.05
[ ]
[ ]
0.01
0.036 geo.
mean
0.014
0.01
0.001
<0.02
<0.01
PANGE
(MG/KT,
WET HT.|
_
0.01-0.03
[]
[]
0.002-0.017
0.004-0.073
0.01
0.014-0.067
n
0.01-0.04
0. 0002-0. 005
0.0 1-0.04
0.01
NJJMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
5
1
13
2
17
21
12
7
[]
6
15
5
11
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
A A S , .0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0001
AAS, 0.0001
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
U.K., 1971-1972
North Sea, 1970
l.i?. coastal waters.
1970
Waters distant from
O.K., 1970
German Bight,
1972-1974
German Bight,
1972-1974
U.K., [ ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1974
West Germany , [ ]
U.K., [ ]
Sweden , [ ]
O.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
_ _
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Portmann, 1972
Portmann, 1972
Portmann, 1972
Harms, 1975
Harms, 1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Pfeilst icker and
Markard, 1975
Prepared for eating
Essing et al., 1969
Thomas et al., 1973
Fuchs et al., 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agricult jre, Fisheries
and Food , 197 3
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMI
-------
TABLE A. 6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTA MI HATED ACEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
?COD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Dork, 0
Pork, ^
Pock, brain, R
Pock, chops, R
Pock, kidney, 0
Pork, kidney, R
Pock, liver, o
Pork, liver, R
M13AN
(M3/K3,
WET WT.)
<0.01
0.032
0.0 18
<0.01
<0.0002
O.OU
0. 2U
0.721
0.172
0.13
<0.05
0. 082
0.080
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01-0.06
[ ]
[ ]
0.01
[ ]
0.01-0.59
0. 1U1-2.0B8
O.TK4-0.230
0.07-0. 18
0.01-C.11
O.GU1-1.72
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
18
[ 1
[ ]
3
1
2
u
18
2
2
«
6
C ]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, f ]
AAS, 0.01
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
JVAS, 0.0002
MS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Canada, [ ]
Hokuriku, Japan, ' ]
West Germany, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
West Germany, 197U
Alsace, France, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971*1973
U.K., 1971-1972
Alsacs , France, [ ]
Hokuriku, Japan, r ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Bacon
Kirkpatrick and
Coffin, 1973
Yamagat a and
Shigematsu, 1970
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al. , 1969
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Laugel et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Collet, 1975
Laugel et al. , 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Laugel et al. , 1976
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
t
ro
01
tn
(N5X"1 PAG1;)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IK FOREIGN FOODS FROM HNCONT A"!INATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUE")
I *OOD,
I PROCESSING
METHOD
Dork, liver, R
Pork, loin, R
Potato, R
Potato, new. Red King,
R
Potato, new, white, R
Potato, sweet, R
Prawn (LEANDER
SFPEATUS) , whole, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.070
0.03
0.08
0.08
O.OU1
O.OU
0.039
0.02
0.017
0.016
0.03
0.04
0.01
2.80
RANGE |
(MG/KG, |
WET WT.|
0.016-0.133
[ 1
0.01-0. 17
0.01-0. 17
[ 1
[]
[ ]
0.01-0.03
0.050-0.057
0.005-0,055
[ ]
u
0.01-0.02
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
9
2
19
19
r ]
12
[]
3
10
60
2
2
5
3
ANAL.
"1ETHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0. 25 ug
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Wpst Germany, 1 974
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., 1971-1972
U. K. , 1971-1972
Hokkaido, Japan, [ ]
Jena, GDF , [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
Sweden, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Shizuoka, Japan, [ ]
n.K. , HF Coast,
1972-1973
COMMENTS |
REFERENCES
Collet, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for Booking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Yamagita and
Shigematsu, 1970
Anke et il. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Easing et al. , 1969
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Rautu in3 Sporn, 1970
Fuchs et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
No known contamination
sources
Wright, 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
"ABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS PBOtt UNCOS TA MI NAT? D ADEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Prawn, Green Tiger
(PENAE'JS
SF1ISULCATUS) , R
Prawn, Tiger (PFNAEUS
MONOPOS) , fl
Prune, c
Pumpkin, R
Rabbit, kidney, R
Rabbit, liver, R
Radish, P.
MEAN
(MS/KS,
WET WT.|
0.01
0.13
0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.042
0.068
0.01
0.04U
0.02
0.017
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WE? WT. )
r i
[ ]
0.01
0.01-0.02
[ ]
0.01
[ ]
[ ]
[ J
NUMB2H
OF
SAMPLES
a
a
6
6
2
3
1
1
1
[]
2
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DA^E OF
SAMPLING
Thailand, Eayong
area, 1«72
Thailand, Payong
area, 1972
U.K., [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
Hew Zealand,
1971-1973
Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
West Germany, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Hokkaiflo, Japan, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFEFENCES
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Huschenbeth and Harms,
1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
Tanaka et al., 1977
Laugel et al. , 1976
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Essing et al. , 1969
Guthrie, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
,
ro
en
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TSBLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOPEITN FOODS FPOM 'JNCONT AMI N ATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
1ETHOD
Palish, P
"adish, root,
Japanese, 0
Radish, root,
Japanese, R
" ap e , R
Raspberry, gooseberry,
red and black
currents, R
Rhubarb, C
Rhubarb, R
1
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
W ET WT . )
0.016 geo.
mean
0.008
0. 13
<0.01
0.05
0.005
0.01
<0.01
0.025 geo.
mean
0.02
0.02
0.03
RANGE
(WG/KT,
WET WT.)
0.011-0.027
0.11-C. 16
0.01
0.03-0.07
0.0002-0.02"
0.01
[ ]
0.010-0.057
0.01-0.01
0.01-0.01
C]
NUM3ER
OF
SAMPLES
f.
1
3
3
U
5
8
6
9
5
5
2
ANAL.
*ETHOP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
•
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS. []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1073-197U
Sweden , [ ]
Osaka, Japan , [ ]
"
Japan, [ ]
Japan , [ ]
Sweden , [ ]
U.K. , [ ]
U.K. , 1971-1972
Dortmund, Hest
Germany, 1973-197U
U.K. , [ ]
U.K. , 1971-1972
New Zealand,
1971-1973
COMMENTS
FEFEPFNCES
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Fuchs et al. , 1976
Chopped, dried
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Fuchs st al . , 1976
Thomas et al. , 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Pfeilsticker and
Karkard, 1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Prepared for Booking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. C»D.1HJM IN FOREITN FOODS FROM ONCONTA MI NP TF D AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCQP,
PROCESSING
METHOD
?ice, 0
Pise, R
"ice, bran, R
Eire, polished, R
Ri~e, unpolished, R
1
MEAN
(MS/K3,
WET WT.)
0.10
0.07
0.02
0.023
0.039
0. 137
0.125
0.106
0.077
0.07
O.C10
0. 13
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
0.04-0. 13
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OP
SAMPLES
3U
3
2
[ ]
1
1
1
1
20U
[ ]
1
3«
ANAL.
METHOD, <
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
_
AAS, H
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Japan, [ ]
Nigata, Gifu, and
Hyogo, Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
Okayama, Japan, [ ]
Yokote , Japan , [ ]
Kurashiki, Japan, [ ]
Odate, Japan , [ ]
All areas of Japan,
[]
All areas of Japan,
[ ]
Kojyo, Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
C3M1ENTS
REFERENCES
Polished
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1977
Processes caka (Mochi)
Ikebe et al.r 1977a
Polished grain
Guthrie, 1975
Essing et al. , 1969
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
SchroeJer and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
SchroeJer and Balassa,
1961
Normal exposure
Yaniagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
K jellstrom et al . ,
1977
_ _ _ „ _
Ln
•O
PAGE)
-------
:ABLS A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCONTAMINATFD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PPOCESSING
METHOD
Fire, unpolished, R
Rice, unpolished
gra in , P.
Hockfish, black, E
Rutabaga, R
Ry?, C
Py?, grain, R
Sage, P.
Sake, p
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.088
0.075
O.C4
0.01
O.C5
0.05
0.016
0.07
0.05
0.025
<0.01
0. 18
0.075
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03-0. 11
[ ]
0.01
0.01-C.08
0.01-0.08
0.010-0.026
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
6
2
8
8
8
13
2
2
[]
19
2
1
ANAL.
MFTHOn,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
P, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp. , 0.05 ug
LOCATION,
DATF OF
SAMPLING
Kojyo, Japan , [ ]
Toyama, Japan, 1967
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Nigata, Miyazaki,
an 3 Hokuriku, Japan,
r ]
U.K. , 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Sweden, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Shizuoka, Japan, '_ ]
COMMENTS |
DEFERENCES
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Normal exposure
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Guthrie, 1975
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Fuchs et al., 1976
Flour
Guthrie, 1975
Breadstuff
Guthrie, 1975
Flour
Fssing et al. , 1969
Grossman and Egels,
1975
Guthrie, 1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
PAGE)
-------
FABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FR01 II N COST AMI N ATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CON^INUFO)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
SET HO D
Salmon, boiled, C
Salmon, pink, boiled.
C
Salt, <)
Sardine, C
Sardine , R
Sardine (SARDINA
PILCHARDUS) , R
Sauces, five types, R
Sausage, P
Scallop, R
Seabream, red (Tai) , R
Sea food , [ ]
Shallot, R
1
MFAN
(MG/KG,
WET XT.)
0.01
0.01
0.023
0. 18
0.112
0.01
0. 1
<0.01
0.107
249.0 (dry
basis)
0.01
<0. 1-3.0
0.01
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
[]
0.10-0. 30
0.01-0.00
0.09-0.11
0.01-0.02
0.005-0.910
210-299 (dry
basis)
0.01-0.02
[]
0.01-0.02
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
•
2
[ ]
10
1
12
6
6
26
6
7
[]
5
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0. 05 ug
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
ES, 20
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
PATE OF
SAMPLING
Tokyo, Japan, r_ ]
'
Tokyo, Japan , [ ]
West Germany , f ]
O.K., 1971-1972
Norway, [ ]
Chiba and Wakayaia,
Japan, [ ]
Northern Adriatic
Sea, 1972-1973
0. K. , 1971-1972
Alsace, France, [ ]
Tasman Bay, New
•Zealand, [ ]
Nagasaki, Japan, [ ]
Australia, [ ]
Hiroshima, Japan, [ ]
COMMENTS
FEFERENCES
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Essing et al. , 1969
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Schroeder and Ealassa,
1961
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Gilmartin and
Revelante, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Laugel et al. , 1976
Brooks and Rumsby,
1965
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Miller et al., 1976
Tanaka et al., 1977
(NF.YT PAGE)
-------
TABL" A.6. CAD1II1M
IN FOREIGN F03HS "ROM UNCONmAMINATPD APEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Shellfish, P
Shrimp (CRANGON
VULGARIS) , whole, R
shrimp, Asian (unknown
species) , 0
Shrimp, Mexican,
unknown species, o
Skipjack, 0
Skipjack, seasoned, C
Sm=lt, sweet, R
Snapper, P
So3 a , ba1
3.50
0.0146
0.0 HO
0.11
0.05
<0.01
0.016 geo.
mean
0.0006 uq/nl
<0.003
<0.003
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT. )
0.0025-0.430
[ ]
0.018-0.078
0.000-0.097
0.10-0.11
0.01
0.012-0.019
0.0002-0.0060
ug/ml
0.002-0.006
0.002-0.005
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
21
H
10
10
3
1
5
70
16
5
8
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
•
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, C.002
AAS, 0.002
LOCATION,
DATE OP
SAMPLING
Alsace, France, [ ]
U.K. , NE Coast,
1972-1973
India, Thailand,
Philippines, [ ]
Gulf of California,
[]
Ehime and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
New Zealand coastal
waters, 1973
Alsace, France, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
C3 M M EN T S
PEFFRFNCES
Laugel et al. , 1976
No known contamination
sources
Wright, 1976
Samples w°re
commercially peeled
and deveined tails.
Zook et il. , 1976
Sample partly packer's
product
Zook et il. , 1 976
Dried strips
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al. , 1977b
Edible muscle
analyzed. (Authors'
upper range limit
corrected from 0. 19) .
Brooks and Pumsey,
197U
Laugel et al., 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
| and Food, 1973
I
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
CABLE A. 6. CADMIIJ1 IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM UNCON TH "I NA TF.D AR1
(CONTINUED)
AS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
"COD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Sole, fillets, R
S ou r ° 1 , R
Soy sauce (Koikuchi
shoyu) , R
Soy sauce (Tamari
shoyu) , R
Soy sauce (Usukuchi
shoyu) , R
Soybean, 0
Soybean, R
Soybean (Kuromame) , R
S Dices, P
Spinach, C
MEAN
(M3/K3,
WET WT.)
0.06
0.015
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.14
0.10
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.08
0.17
0.0007
0.09
RANGE
(MG/KG,
HET WT. )
[ ]
0.02-0.02
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. OK
[ ]
0.06-0.13
0.02-0.09
0.02-0.03
0.02-0.02
O.OU-0.12
0.05-O.H8
0.0002-0.00 16
0.003-0.18
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
[ ]
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
7
ANAL.
METHOD,
DEFECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, ( ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.003
LOCATION,
DAT OF
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Hokuriku, Japan, [ ]
Osaka, Kagawa, and
Chiba, Japan , [ ]
Aichi, Osaka, and
Tokushima, Japan, [ ]
Chiba and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Nagano, Japan, [ ]
Nagano, Osaka and
Kyoto, Japan, [ ]
Aichi, Nigata, and
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Osaka and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
Osaka and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ]
Osaka and Hokkaido,
Japan, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrie, 1975
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Flour
Guthrie, 1975
Curd, congealed
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Paste (Shiro-miso)
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Paste (Aka-miso)
Ikebe et al., 1977a
curd
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Tanaka et al. , 1977
•"anaka et al. , 1977
Lauoel et al. , 1976
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 6. CADMIUM IN FOHFIGN FOODS FPOM UNCONTAM INATED APEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CON^TNUEn)
*OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Spi nach , C
Spinach, F
Spinach, P,
Spirits, P.
Squid, P
Squid (NOTODARIUS
GO"LDI) , K .
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.095
0.06U
0.059 geo.
mean
o.ci5
0.02
0.001
<0.02
0.22
<0.05
BANGS
(MG/KG,
MET WT.|
0.03-0. 18
O.OU-0. 13
0.03-0.31
[ ]
0.055-0. 063
0.019-0.070
[ ]
0.003-0.005
0.01-0.02
0.01-0.63
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
7
1
14
[J
1
2
S
2
U
10
21
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DEFECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, O.C1
AAS, C.01
AAS, 0.01
Sp. , 0. 25 ug
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.05
LOCATION,
PATE OF
SAMPLING
U.K., [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
Japan, [ ]
Kanto, Japan, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
Dortmund, West
Germany, 1973-1971
Sweden, [ ]
(Jew Zealand,
1971-19^3
West Germany, 1971
U.K., 1971-1972
East China Sea, [ ]
Tasmanian waters.
1972-1 973
COMMENTS
PEFEPENCES
Thomas et al., 1973
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Authors' mean
corrected from 0.039.
Pfeilsticker and
Markard, 1975
Puchs et al. , 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Collet, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Eustare, 197«
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
[•ABLE A.6. CADMIJM IN FOREIGN FODDS FROM UNCONTH "!I NA mE P AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CON^NIJED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Strawberry, p
S u} a r , 0
suaar, P
MF.AN
(MS/KG,
WET WT.)
0.031 geo.
mean
0.03
0.006
0.05
0.03
0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
O.C2
o.oos
0.0016
BANG?
(MS/KG,
WET WT. )
0.033-0.031
0.02-0.07
0.0002-0.029
[ ]
C ]
[ ]
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
2
5
19
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
5
2
c ]
1
ANAL.
1ET HOC,
DETECTION-
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, O.C1
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Dortmund, West
Germary, 1973-1971
Nara and Tokushima,
Japan, [ ]
Sweden , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Osaka, Tokyo, and
Hyogo, Japan , [ ]
Osaka, Japan, [ ]
Hyogo, Tokyo, and
Mi° , Japan , [ ]
Tokyo, Osaka, and
Kanagawa, Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Osaka,
Kanagawa, and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
New -Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
COMMENT?
REFERENCES
Pfeilsti^ker and
Markard, 1975
Tanaka et. al. , 1977
Fuchs et al., 1976
Refinad
Guthrie, 1975
Brown
Guthrie, 1975
Deraera ra
Gathrie, 1975
Coarse, crystal
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Candy
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Cube
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Granulated
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Superior whit=
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
Essing et al., 1969
Laugel et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
'''ABLE A.6. CADMIUM
IN FOREIGN F30DS FROM UNCONT«HINATFD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Sugar, black, P
Suaar, six types, R
Sweets and chocolates,
various, p
""arc, young, R
Tea , 0
Tea , black, 0
""ea , coarse, green, R
Tea , fine , green, R
Tea, green, dry, R
Tei , nine brands, R
Tea, refined, green, R
MEAN
(K3/K3,
WET WT.)
<0.01
<0.02
<0.02
0.13
0.07
0.011
0.01
0.005
0.002
0.036 (dry
basis)
0.03
0.001
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.01
O.C 1-0.03
0.01-0.07
0.04-0.30
0.02-0. 11
[ ]
0.01-0. 0«
0.013-0.098
(dry basis)
0.01-0.06
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
5
6
11
5
5
[]
5
1
1
139
9
1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp., 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
Sp . , 0. 05 ug
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Osaka and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ]
U. K. , 1971 -1972
IJ. K. , 1971-1972
Osaka and Tokushima,
Japan, [ ]
Osaka and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
Hyogo and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Japan, 197U
U.K., 1971-1972
Japan, r ]
COMM ENTS
REFERENCES
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Dried
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ready to use
Essing et al., 1969
Dried
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Tsushima and Takeo,
1977
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A. 6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FDDDS FBOM UNCONTA HI DATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Thyme, D
Tomato, C
Tomato, 0
Tomato, R
MEAN
{HS/K3.
WET WT.)
0.27
0.01
<0.01
0.03
0.0037
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
O.C15
0.013
0.010
t>ANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
[ ]
0.01
[ ]
0.0001-0.0068
0.02-0. OH
[]
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.08
0.01-0.08
[ ]
<0.036
0.0002-0.330
NUMBEP
OF
SAMPLES
2
<1
H
1
32
3
12
10
10
10
r ]
11
26
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, F ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, O.OOC2
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1973
U.K., [ ]
O.K., 1971-1972
Aichi, Japan, ' ]
"
West Germany, 197U
Japan, [ ]
Jena, GDE, [ ]
U.K., 1971-1972
U. K. , 1971-1972
U.K. , [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
Rumania, [ ]
Sweden, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Guthrip, 1975
Thomas et al. , 1973
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Puree
Tanaka et al., 1977
Pried tomato soup.
Data ire for
reconstituted product.
Collet, 1975
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Anke et al. , 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Thomas et al. , 1973
Essing et al. , 1969
Rautu anJ Sporn, 1970
Fuchs et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGF)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIMM IN FOREIGN FOODS FKOM "NCONTAM INATED UREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTIN3
(CONTINUED)
1 POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Tomato, Blenheim, R
Tomato, sauce, C
Trout, brown, fillets
(SALMO TRUTTA), R
T un a , R
Tuna, yellowfin
(THONNUS ALBACORES) , C
Turkey, liver, R
Turnip, R
Turnip, leaves, R
Turnip, swede, yellow.
P
Turnip, white, R
Veal, R
Vea 1 , kidney, R
Vea 1 , liver, R
Veal, topside, R
Vegetables, 0
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.C1
O.OHU
<0.05
<0.01
0.0«7
0. 261
0.03
0. 19
0.02
0.03
0.057
O.OH
0.055
0.02
0.0060
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.010-0.080
0.01-0.03
0.000-0.139
0.013-0. 105
0.01-0.08
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
0.028-0.076
[ ]
0.0002-0.0375
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
1
8
1
7
10
7
5
12
2
2
[ ]
1
U
2
27
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.25 ug
AAS, 0.05
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.0002
LOCATION,
DATF OF
SAMPLING
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Rumania, [ ]
Tasmanian waters.
1972-1973
Japan, [ ]
Pacific, Costa Rica,
1971
West Germany, 1974
Tokushima and Hyogo,
Japan, [ ]
Jena , GDR, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-19^3
New Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
Alsace, France, []
Alsace , France, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Alsace , France, [ ]
COMMENTS
PEFF5"NCES
Guthrie, 1975
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Eustace, 1971
Ikebe et al., 1977b
Zook et al. , 1976
Collet, 1975
Tanaka et al., 1977
Anke et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Guthrie, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Essing et al., 1969
Laugel et al., 1976
Laugel et al., 1976
Guthrie, 1975
Fresh and preserved
Lauael et al., 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN F03DS FROM 0NCOVTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOP
Vegetables, R
Vegetables, green, 0
Vegetables, green,
mixed types, R
Vegetables, mixed, C
'
Vegetables, mixed , F
Vegetables, root, 0
Vegetables, root,
m ix ed , R
Vinegar, P
Vinegar, fruits, R
vinegar, rice, R
Walnut, R
MEAN
(M5/K3,
WET WT.)
0.019
<0.01
0.013
0.007
O.OU
<0.02
0.05
0.038
0.0007
<0.01
<0.01
O.C3
F.ANGE
(MG/KG,
NET WT.)
0.005-0.079
0.01-0.03
0.0002-0.070
0.003-0.038
0.01-0. 13
0.0 1-0.07
[]
0.003-0.11 1
0.0004-0.0011
0.01
0.01
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
12
U1
160
3U
27
m
2
75
5
3
3
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
P, 0. 25 ng
Cd/ml
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.0002
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
West Germany, 197«
U.K. , 1971-1972
Sw?3en, [ ]
West Germany, 197U
0. K. , 1971-1972
a. K. , 1971-1972
U.K., 1972
Sweden, [ ]
Alsace, France, [ ]
Osaka and Saitama,
Japan, [ ]
Oita, Aichi, and
Osaka, Japan , [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Collet, 1975
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fuchs et al., 1976
Collet, 1975
Thomas et al., 1972
Prepared for cooking
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 8 miles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fuchs et al., 1976
Laugel et al. , 1976
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Ikebe et al., 1977a
Guthrie, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.fi. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN
FOODS FPOM UNCONTA«INATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUE?)
POOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Watercress, R
Whale meat, R
wh=at, 0
Wh=at, P
Wh=at, "all, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
H5T WT.)
O.C2
0.02
<0.01
0.34
0.160
0. 12
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.01(7
o.oa
0.01-0.0«
0.029
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01-0.03
0.01-0. OH
0.01
[ ]
[]
[ ]
[ 1
[ ]
[ ]
0.02-0.06
[ 1
[ ]
NUMBFF
OF
SAMPLES
U
6
3
2
1
2
a
2
2
[ ]
3
[]
2
ANAL.
METHOP,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
Sp., 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
Japan, T ]
"
New Zealand,
1971-1973
Okayaroa, Japan, [ ]
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
New Zealand,
1971-1973
West Germany, [ ]
Japan, [ ]
Australia, ( ]
Uppsala, Sweden,
1970
COMMENTS
FEFEPFNCES
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Thomas et al. , 1972
Ikebe et al. , 1977b
Germ
Guthrie, 1975
Flour
schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Bran
Guthrie, 1975
Wholemeal (13058
extraction)
Guthrie, 1975
Kibbled product
Guthrie, 1975
Flour, patent white,
181 extraction
Guthrie, 1975
Flour
Essing et al. , 1969
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Miller et al. , 1976
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197U
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. . CAD.1IUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FPOM [1NCONTA MI NA 7TD AREAS, A LPH A. BF7ICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOP,
PROCESSING
NFTHOD
Wheat, Fall, grain, R
Wheat, grain, R
Wheat, hard, 0
"heat, medium, 0
Wh°at, soft, 0
Wh?at, Spring, P
MFAN
(M3/K3,
WET WT.)
_
0.035*
0.03 (dry
basis)
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.053
0.052
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WE? WT. )
0.005-0.077
0.0 1-0.23
(dry basis)
0.01
Q.01
0.01
[ ]
0.050-0.053
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
_
48
-
U3
3
2
3
2
2
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, <0.01
P, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Sweden, 1916-1972
West Germany, [ ]
Aichi and Tokyo,
Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Uppsala, Sweden,
1971
Maelar Valley,
Sweden, 1971
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Increasing Cd content
with time attributed
to contamination from
air and fertilizers.
200 to 800 kj/ha
superphosphate and
50-100 kg/ha calcium
nitrate added yearly.
Superphosphate cont'd
about 25 ug C3/g, wet
ut.
K jellstrom et al. ,
1975
Mean recalculated to
include all samples.
Grossman and Egels,
1975
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Flour
Tanaka et al. , 1977
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197U
Kjellstrom et al. ,
197«
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.(
CADMIUM IN FOREIGN F03PS FROM UNCONTAMINATrD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
ME"HOD
Wheat, Spring, grain,
S
Wheat, whole, R
Wheat, winter, B
MEAN
(MG/K3,
HE? WT.)
0.068*
0.072
0.05U
0.087*
0.076*
0.071*
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.018-0.136
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
35
1
1
n
[]
[]
ANAL. |
METHOD, |
DETECTION
LI MI"1
(PPM)
AAS, <0.01
Sp.f 0.05 ug
Sp. , 0.05 ug
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DAT OF
SAMPLING
Sweden, 1916-1972
Ko jyo, Japan, [ ]
Matsubara, Japan, '_ ]
'
Sweden, 197U
Sweden, 197«
Sweden, 1971
CD MM ENTS
FEFEPFNCES
No significant
concentration trend
with time. 20C to 300
kg/ha superphosphate
and 100-300 kg/ha
calcium nitrate added
annually. Phosphate
fertilizer cont'd
about 25 ug Cd/gm, wet
wt.
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1975
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Schroeder and Balassa,
1961
Soil cont'd 0.022 ppm
Cd. Fertilizer cont'd
9.90 ppm Cd. 150 ka
N/ha + 30 kg P added
per year.
Andersson, 1976
Soil cont'd 0.022 ppm
Cd. 150 kg N/ha added
as NPK 16-5-12.
Fertilizer cont'd 2.6
ppm Cd.
Andcrsson, 1976
Soil cont'd 0.022 ppm
Cd; fertilizer
contained 0.048 ppm
Cd. 15C kg N/ha added
per yr as Ca(N03) 2.
Soil pH 6. a.
Andersson, 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.6. CADMTIJW IN FOREIGN FOODS FFOM "NCON7AMIFATED AFEAS, AL"HAEETICAI LISTING,
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
wheat, winter, H
Wheatgerm, R
Whi ting , R
Whitinq (MERLANGUS
MFRLANGt'S), R
Wine, P
Wine, red, R
Wine, white, R
Horcpstershir e sauce.
R
Yam, R
WAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.060
0. 12
0.0 14
6.2 (dry
basis)
0.007
<0.05
<0.010
0.017
0.009
0.01
O.OU
RA^GE
(MG/KG,
WFT WT.)
[]
0. 10-0. 13
0.002-0.030
[]
0.003-0.008
t ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.01-0.04
0.03-0.05
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[ ]
2
6
337
9
57
10
[ ]
U
3
5
AN M.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
A A S , 0.01
AAS, [ ]
P, 0. 25 ng
ca/mi
AAS, 0.01
Sp . , 0. 25 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AA?, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Sweden, 1974
U. K. , 1971-1972
Langesund, Norway,
197C-1971
Oldbury-on-Severn,
0. Y. , 1973
West Germany, 1974
O.K., 1971-1972
Rumania, [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
West Germany, [ ]
Aichi, Chiba, and
Tokyo, Japan, [ ]
Aichi and Ibaragi,
Japan, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
No phosphate
fertilizer added, but
soil rontainei 0. C22
pom cd. Soil p!l was
6.5.
Andersson, 1976
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fish muscle analyzed
Havre et al., 1973
Whole fish
Hardisty et al. , 1974
Collet, 1975
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Rautu and Sporn, 1970
Essing et al. , 1969
Essing et al. , 1969
Ikebe et al. , 1977a
Tanaka et a 1. , 1977
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, EY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
CUTrcCF?
FFOITS
GARDEN
FPUIT
GARDEN
FRUITS
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Apple, R
Rhubarb, R
Tcmato, H
Tcmato, R
Capsicum, R
Chilies, R
MEAN |
(FIG/KG, |
WET WT.)
C. 11
[ ]
0.03
[ ]
[ ]
0.63 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
[]
0.02-0. 19
[]
0.01-0.21
0.02-0. 12
[]
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, [ ]
I
__ _
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
Australia, [ ] (12)
Derbyshire, O.K.,
[ ] ([ ])
Australia, [ ] (««)
Australia, [ ] (6)
Wollongong,
Australia, [ ] (2)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Near nonferrous metal
snelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-1U
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Former sevage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-1U
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Fort Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable cd 0.03-m
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Copper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden. Air
dried soil contained
1.99 plus or minus 0.3
ppm extractable Cd.
Eeavington, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAELF A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOOD'S FROM CONTAMINATED APEAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CUTIGOFY
CAREEN
FRUITS
GRAIN ANE
CEREAL
1
1.... - ,,
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Cauliflower,
head, R
Tomato, R
Cucumber, R
Tomato, R
Rice, unpolished.
R
Oats, grain, P
Wheat, grain, R
Rice, Honen-wase,
unpolished, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
C.52 * (dry
basis)
0.18
0.0«
0.02
2.50
1.21
0.147
0.35
t
1
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.72-H. 17
[]
n
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-4U)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
West Germany, 1970
([ ])
West Germany, 1970
([ ])
Toyama, Japan, 1967
(6)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
Ohno, Japan (Mana) ,
1970 (18)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5-U.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd .
Hutchinson et al..
197H
Near nonferrous metal
smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al. , 197U
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al. , 197U
Area polluted with
mine drainage; soil
contained 1.2 ppm Cd.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
From contaminated area
15 km downstream from
zinc mine. Soil pH,
U.7; soluble Cd in
soil, 0.38 ppm.
Takijima and Katsumi,
1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOFY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
GRAIN AN!
CEREAL
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Rice, Honen-wase,
unpolished, B
Wheat, R
Wheat, R
Wheat, grain, R
Barley, R
Oats, R
Barley, F
Turnip, leaves, R
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_ _
0. 19
0.108
0.081
0.06
0.039
0.030
0.029
5.87
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.011-0. 134
[ ]
0.014-0.041
[]
ANAL.
METHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS. []
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Ohno, Japan
(Kuzuryu) , 1970
(18)
Finspang, Sweden,
1970 (2)
Finspang, Sweden,
1971 (2)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
Burea, Sweden, [ ]
(9)
Finspang, Sweden,
1971 (10)
Skelleftehamn,
Sweden, [ ] (8)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
COMMENTS
FEFERENCES
From contaminated area
15 km downstream from
zinc mine. Soil pH
a. 9; soluble Cd in
soil, 0.72 ppm.
Takijima and Katsumi,
1973
4 km NW of
cadmium -emitting
copper alloy plant
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1974
4 km NW of
cadmium-emitting
copper alloy plant
K jellstrom et al. ,
1974
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
5 km S of
cadmium -emitting
smelter
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1974
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1974
2 km NH of
cadmium -emitting
smelter
Kjellstrom et al. ,
1974
Near nonferrous
smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMItfM IN FOREIGN FOQES FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATFGCFY
LHAFY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Lettuce, R
Celery, root, R
Lettuce, root, R
Lettuce, R
Cabbage, leaf, R
Cabbage (outer
leaves) , R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
4.5 (dry basis)
K.30 * (dry
basis)
2.80* (dry
basis)
2.1
2.30 * (dry
basis)
2. 1 (dry basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
U
[]
[]
[]
[]
1.1-3.8 (dry
basis)
AS AI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Wollongong,
Australia, [ ] (12)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8 - 1411)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8 - lit)
Trail, Canada, 1970
(C ])
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-tttt)
Derbyshire, O.K.,
n («)
i
i
i
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Copper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden. Air
dried soil contained
1.99 plus or minus 0.3
ppm extractable Cd.
Beavington, 1975
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont 'd 1. 5-U. 8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1.5 to 1.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197«
Near heavy metal
smelter
Somers, 1971
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont 'd 1. 5-tt.S
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197«
Soil contained 22 to
U1 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and webb,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOFY AND DECPEASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
ECOD,
FROCESSING
METHOD
Lettuce, leaf, P
Celery, leaf, R
Cabbage (outer
leaves) , P.
Cabtage (outer
leaves) , R
Brussels sprout.
R
Leafy vegetables,
R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_ _
2.05* (dry
basis)
2.02* (dry
basis)
1.6 (dry basis)
1.6 (dry basis)
1.5 (dry basis)
1.16 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
_
[]
[]
1.1-1.8 (dry
basis)
1.0-2.8 (dry
basis)
1.2-1.7 (dry
basis)
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8 - at)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-Hil)
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[] (5)
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[] (6)
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[] (2)
Wollongong,
Australia, [ ] (9)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1.5 to 1.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1971
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1. 5-U.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197«
Soil contained 11 to
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activit ies.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 22 to
M 1 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Copper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden.
Air-dried soil
contained 1.99 plus or
minus 0.3 ppm
extractable Cd.
Peavington, 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM.IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Celery, leaf, R
Cabbage (inner
leaves) , R
Brussels sprout.
R
Catlage (inner
leaves) , R
Brussels sprout.
R
Cabbage (inner
leases) , B
MFAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
1.11* (dry
basis)
1. 1 (dry basis)
1 . 1 (dry basis)
1.0 (dry basis)
0.9 (dry basis)
0.8 (dry basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
0.7-1.6 (dry
basis)
0.8-1.6 (dry
basis)
0.8 - 1.2
(dry basis)
0.8-1.0 (dry
basis)
0.6-1.0 (dry
basis)
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-ti
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[] 0)
Derbyshire, U.K.,
t ] (5)
COMMENTS
F.EFERENCES
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5-U. 8 ppm Cd .
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al.,
197H
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 22 to
«1 ppii Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 11 to
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 11 to
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM .IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AHEAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECPEASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATIGOEY
1
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
FHOCESSING
KETHCD
Leafy vegetables.
nixed, H
Celery, root, E
Lettuce, leaf, R
Cabbage, leaf, R
Lettuce, root, R
Leafy vegetables,
mixed, R
Kchlrabi, R
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.76
0.73 * (dry
basis)
0.65* (dry
basis)
0.60 * (dry
basis)
0.59* (dry
basis)
O.U5
O.K2
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 10-5.7
[]
[]
n
[]
0.01-2.5
[]
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
U.K., 1972 (17)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-««)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8 - UU)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-UU)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8 - (44)
U.K., 1972 (18)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Grown 1 to 1 1/2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1. 5-H. 8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5 to 1.8 ppm
Cd. Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1971
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5-U.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6. 38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197 a
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1. 5 to 1.8 ppm
cd. Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Grown within 1 mile of
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Near nonferrous metal
smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGOPY AND DECREASING CONCENTP ATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAFY
VEGETABLES
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Leafy vegetables.
mixed, F
Leafy vegetables,
mixed, R
Cabbage, white, R
Lettuce, R
Kale, green, R
Lettuce, R
Leafy vegetables.
mixed, R
Leafy vegetables.
nixed, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
o.ao
0.33
C.27
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.11
0. 11
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET HT.)
0.01-2. 7
O.Ott-1.3
(]
[]
[]
[]
0.01-0.8U
0.05-O.tt
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(JFM)
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
O.K., 1972 (17)
O.K., 1971-1972
(12)
Best Germany, 1970
([ ])
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[ ] ([ ])
West Germany, 1970
([])
Derbyshire, U.K.,
[ ] (t ])
U.K., 1972 (18)
U.K., 1971-1972
(11)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Groun 1 1/2 to 2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown within 1 mile of
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al., 197U
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 5.5 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al., 197«
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Grown 8 miles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 1 1/2 to 2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
LEAJY
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Leafy vegetables,
mixed, R
Lettuce, R
Leek, R
Cabbage, R
Cauliflower, R
Cabtage, R
Cauliflower, R
Cabtage, R
Lettuce, head, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.11
0. 10
0.1
0.05
0.0
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FECM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY |
1
1
LEGUME
VEGETABLES
MEAT, FISK,
FCULTBY
FOOD,
ERCCESSING
METHOD
Bean, R
Mutton, kidney, R
Oyster (OSTHEIDAE
ANGASI) , R
Oyster
(CHASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Mutton, kidney, R
Mutton, kidney, R
Oyster, mixed
species, R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTPEA
I GIGAS) , R
1
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03
40.
35.5-17U.3 (dry
basis)
19.9
19.
12.
8.55
6.37
5.91
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
n
E i
c ]
[]
0.21-30.69
N
U. 0-8.0
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Derbyshire, U.K.,
Freiberg, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Australia, Port
Phillip Bay, 1975
Ralph's Bay,
Tasmania, 1972
(120)
Ilsenburg, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Mansf eld, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Tasmanian waters,
[ ] ("8)
Tamar estuary,
Tasmania, 1972 (50)
Tamar River,
Tasmania, 1973 (11)
I
COMMENTS
REFFRENCES
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Near pollution sources
Talbot et al., 1976
Downstream from
industrial sources.
All samples exceeded
local food
regulations.
Thrower and Eustace,
1973
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Concentration related
to contact with
polluted waters.
Ratkowsky et al., 1974
Downstream from
industrial sources
Thrower and Eustace,
1973
>5 yrs old
Ayling, 1974
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM.IN FOREIGN FOODS "RCM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, FISH,
POULTRY
FCOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Oyster
(CRASSQSTREA
GIGAS) , P
Mutton, liver, R
Mutton, liver, R
Mussel (MYTILUS
ECUIIS) , E
Mutton, liver, R
Oyster
(CRASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , R
Beef, kidney, R
Beef, liver, E
Ccrbicula, R
Snail, pond, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
tt.83
3.5
3.2
2.8-83 (dry
basis)
2.8
2.00
0.510
0. 121
[ ]
[ ]
KANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[]
u
[]
[ ]
0. 160-1.650
0.008-0.230
0.07-1. 58
0.09-0.66
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.005
lUS, 0,005
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Tamar River,
Tasmania, 1973 (2)
Freiberg, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Mansfeld, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Australia, Port
Phillip Bay, 1975
([ 1)
Ilsenburg, GDR, [ ]
(35)
Tamar River,
Tasmania, 1973 (2)
Nordenham, West
Germany, 1972 (9)
Nordenham, West
Germany, 1972 (9)
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969 ([ ])
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969 ([ ])
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Ayling, 197U
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1 976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Near pollution sources
Talbot et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Ayling, 197U
Near industrial region
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Near industrial region
Kreuzer et al. , 1975
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.1. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTPATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
MEAT, TISE,
PCU1TBY
OTHEP
ROOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Carp, crucian, R
Carp, R
Beef, flesh, R
Mint, R
Carrot, 0
Parsnip, root, R
Potato, tuber, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
<0.005
1.2
2.l«
1.10 * (dry
basis)
1.05 * (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.03-0.06
0.01-0.02
<0.305
[]
[]
[]
[]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, 0.005
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
PATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Lake Suva, Japan,
1969 ([ ])
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969 ([ ])
Nordenham, West
Germany, 1972 (9)
Trail, Canada, 1970
([ 1)
Trail, Canada, 1970
([ ])
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-iJH)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-Utt)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Near industrial region
Kreuzer et al., 1975
Near heavy metal
smelter
Somers, 1971
Cooked before
analysis. Near
smelter.
Somers, 1971
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1. 5-U.8
ppra Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1. 5-1). 8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, EY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
RCOT
VEGETABLES
ECOD,
tRCCESSING
METHOD
Carrot, root, R
Vegetables, root,
mixed, H
Potato, tuber, R
carrot, root, R
Onicn, R
Pctato, R
Vegetables, root.
mixed, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.98 * (dry
basis)
0.70
O.U5 * (dry
basis)
0.43 * (dry
basis)
O.UO
0.31
0.30
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
0.05-1.0
[]
[]
[]
[ ]
0.10-0.7
ANAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(FPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
_
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-UU)
U.K., 1972 (3)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-UU)
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-UU)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
(12)
U.K., 1972 (3)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1. 5-4.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al..
197U
Grown 1 to 1 1/2 miles
from netal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5-1.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM.IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
ROOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Onion, bulb, R
Radish, H
Vegetables, root.
mixed, E
Carrot, R
Carrot, R
Radish, R
Carrot, E
Carrot, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.25 * (dry
basis)
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.01
RANGE |
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
0.05-0.1
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
AKAI.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(EPM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01
AAS, []
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970 (8-
-------
TABLE A.7. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, BY CATEGORY AND DECREASING CONCENTRATION.
(CONTINUED)
CATEGORY
RCOT
VEGETABLES
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
_ _
Carrot, R
Beet, R
Beet, silver, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
MET MT.)
[ ]
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
0.02-2.6
•
0.03-0. 35
0.01-0.19
ANAl.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, 0.01 ug
LOCATION,
DATE, AND NUMBER
OF SAMPLES
Australia, [ ] (21)
Australia, [ ] (5)
Australia, [ ] (26)
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-11
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Fort Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-11
ppn in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located
approximately 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-11
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Kl
CO
-O
-------
TABLE A. 8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FHCM CONTAMINATED ABEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
FCCI ,
EFCCISSING
MITROE
Apple, F
Ear ley, B
Bean, R
Beef, flesh, B
Beef, kidney, R
Beef, liver, F
Beet, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0. 11
0.039
0.029
0.03
<0.005
0.510
0. 12«
[ ]
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
0. 011-0. 13U
0.01U-O.OU1
[ ]
<0.005
0.160-1 .650
0.008-0.230
0.03-0.35
NUMEFF
OF
SAMPLES
12
•
9
8
[]
9
9
9
5
ANAL.
METHrn,
DETECTION
LIMIT
-------
TABLF A.8. CADMIUM IN FOPEIGN FOODS FECM CONTAMINATED AEEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
Fccn,
FBCCESSTKG
MIT HOt
Be? t , silver , p
Brussels sprout, F
Cabbage, F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
1.5 (dry
basis)
1.1 (dry
basis)
0.9 (dry
basis)
0.05
0.04
0.02
FANGF
(PIG/KG,
WET WT.)
O.OU-O.K9
1.2-1.7 (dry
basis)
0.8-1.6 (dry
basis)
0.8-1.0 (dry
tasis)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
NIJMEFE
OF
SAMPLES
26
2
U
3
[]
[]
[ ]
ANAL.
METHOD,
DEIECTION
LIMIT
(PEN)
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
PATE OF
SAMPLING
Australia, [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K . , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K . , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
COMMENTS
FEFERENCES
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located
approximately 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-1U
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Soil contained 22 tc
1 1 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activit ies.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Ecil contained 1 1 to
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Former sewage farm.
Soil contained 5.5 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Fike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Scil contained 1.6 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAELF A. 8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CCNTA MI N A1ED A3EAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
TCCE,
PROCESSING
riTficr
Cabtage (inner
lea ves) , F
Cabtage (cuter
lea ves) , F
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET VI.)
_ _
1.1 (dry
tasis)
1.0 (dry
basis)
0.8 (dry
basis)
2.1 (dry
tasis)
1.6 (dry
tasis)
1.6 (dry
basis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
0.7-1.6 (dry
tasis)
0.8 - 1.2
(dry basis)
0.6-1.0 (dry
basis)
1.1-3.8 (dry
basis)
1.1-1.8 (dry
basis)
1.0-2.8 (dry
basis)
NUMBER
CF
SAMPLES
6
4
5
1
5
6
ANAl.
MET HOT,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFH)
_
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Derbyshire, U.K., [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K., [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 22 to
11 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 11 tc
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activit ies.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 22 to
11 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 11 to
18 ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
Soil contained 3 to 7
ppm Cd from early
mining and smelting
activities.
Thornton and Webb,
1975
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
"ABLF A.8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOOD^ FROM CCNT AH IN AT ED AFEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCOE,
JBCCESSING
METHOD
Cabbage, leaf, B
Cabbage, white, P
Caosicuro, R
Carp, E
Carp, crucian, E
Carrot, 0
1
1
PFAN
(MR/KG,
WET WT.)
2.30 * (dry
basis)
0.60 *(dry
tasis)
0. 27
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
2.4
FANGE
(1G/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[]
0.02-0. 12
0.01-0.02
0.03-0.06
[ ]
NUMEEF
OF
SAMPLE?
8-UH
8-«l|
[]
6
[ ]
[ ]
t 1
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01 uq
A*S, []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
West Germany, 1970
Australia, [ ]
Lake Suva, Japan,
196«
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969
Trail, Canada, 1970
1
I
COMMENTS
FEFEFFNCES
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1.=-U.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197K
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.5-U.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6. 38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Near cadmium-emittirg
factory
Michels et al. , 197U
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-1U
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigematsu, 1970
Cooked before
analysis. Near
smelter .
Seiners, 1971
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TAELF ft. 8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CCNTAMINA1FD AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
?ccr,
•DFOCESSING
H F T fi C I
Carrot, "
Carrct, rcct, P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WEI WT.)
0.07
C.06
C.05
O.C1
[]
0.98 * (dry
tasis)
0.13 * (dry
basis)
FANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.02-2.6
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBER
CF
SAMPLES
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
21
8-11
8-1«
ANAI.
MET HOE,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
West Germany, 1970
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, D. K. , [ ]
Australia, [ ]
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
197C
COMMENTS
EEFEPENCES
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al., 1971
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Fike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Soil contained 5.5 ppm
available cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Scil contained 1.6 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Fort Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
cf sample site.
Extractable Cd 0.03-1U
ppm in surface soil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1977
Spring crop. Muck
scil cont'd 1 . 5-1.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd C. 75-6. 38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5-1.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
19714
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
FABLE A.8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
FFCCF.SSING
MJTROE
cauliflower, E
Cauliflower, head, P
Celerv, leaf, p
Celery, rcct, R
1
1
MEAN
(NG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.01
O.C3
0.52 * (dry
tasis)
2.02* (dry
tasis)
1.1U* (dry
basis)
t.30 * (dry
tasis)
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMEEE
OF
SAMPLES
[]
[]
8-UU
8-11
8-11
8 - 11
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PE«)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
A*S, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
197C
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Fike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Soil contained 1.6 ppm
available Cd.
Fike et al. , 1975
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5-1.8 ppm Cd .
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6. 38 ppm Cd .
Hutchinson et al..
1971
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1. 5-1.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd 0.75-6.38 ppn
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1971
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5-1.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al . ,
1971
Spring crop. Muck
Ecil cont'd 1.5-1.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
to
•o
o
(NEXT PAGE)
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TAELF A.8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FRCM CONTAMINATED AHEPS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
?ccr,
PROCESSING
Celery, rcct, R
Chi lies, F
Ccrticula, R
Cucumber, F
Kale, greer, P
Kohlrabi, R
Leafy vegetables, R
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.73 * (dry
tasis)
0.63 (dry
tasis)
[ ]
0.0<4
0. 17
O.U2
1.16 (dry
tasis)
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT. )
(- ]
0.07-1.58
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
,; ]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
8-1U
2
[ ]
(• ]
12
9
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LI KIT
(PPM)
_
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
_
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Wollongong,
Australia, [ ]
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969
West Germany, 1970
West Germany, 1970
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
Wollongong,
Australia, [ ]
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5-U.8 ppm cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6. 38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al..
197U
Ccpper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden. Air
dried soil contained
1.99 plus or minus 0.3
ppm extractable Cd.
Beavington, 1975
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al . , 197U
Near cadmium-emittirg
factory
Michels et al. , 197K
Near nonferrous metal
smelters
Anke et al. , 1 976
Ccpper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden.
Air-dried soil
contained 1.99 plus or
minus 0 . 3 ppm
extractable cd.
Eeavington, 1975
(NEXT FACE)
-------
TABLF A.8. CADMIUM IN FOHEIGN FOODS FRCK CONTAMINATED ASEAS, ALPHAPETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
Fcor,
FBCCESSING
METKOE
leafy vegetables.
mixed, p
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.76
O.U5
O.UO
0.33
0.11
0.11
0. 11
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.10-5.7
0.01-2.5
0.01-2.7
O.OU-1.3
0.01-0.814
0.05-O.U
0.05-0.2
NUMEEF
OF
SAMPLES
17
18
17
12
18
11
7
ANAL.
MFTHCD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PFM)
AAS, C.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
U.K., 1972
O.K. , 1"72
U. K. , 1972
O.K. , 1971-1972
U.K., 1972
U.K., 1971-1972
U.K., 1971-1972
COMMENTS
PE"ERENCrS
Grown 1 to 1 1/2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown within 1 mile cf
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 1 1/2 to 2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown within 1 mile of
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 8 miles from
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 1 1/2 to 2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 1 to 1 1/2 miles
from metal refining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.8. CADMI'JM IN FCP5IGN FOODS FPCM CCNT A PI IN AT EE AP.FAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FCCE,
EECCISSING
HITKCr
Leek, B
Lettuce , F
Lettuce, head, E
Lettuce, leaf, P
MEAN
(KG/KG,
WET WT.)
C.1
«.* (dry
basis)
2.H
0. 20
0.15
0. 10
[ ]
2.05* (dry
basis)
FANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT.)
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
0.03-0.3
[ ]
SO H E E F
CF
SAMPLES
[]
12
[]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
8 - UU
ANAL.
METHOD,
PETECTION
LIMIT
(PTH)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
West Germany, 1970
Wollongong ,
Australia, [ ]
Trail, Canada, 1970
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
West Germany, 1970
Holland Harsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
COMMENTS
PEFEPENCES
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Michels et al. , 197U
Copper smelter
approximately 0.5 km
from garden. Air
dried soil contained
1.99 plus or minus C.3
ppm extractable Cd.
Eeavington, 1975
Near heavy metal
smelter
Somers, 1971
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 5.5 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.8 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al. , 1975
Former sewage farm.
Scil contained 1.6 ppm
available Cd.
Pike et al., 1975
Near cadiuium-emitti r.g
factory
Michels et al. , 197U
Spring crop. Muck
scil cont 'd 1.5 to u.e
ppm Cd . Fertilizer
cont'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
PAELE A.8. CADMIUM IN FOPEIGN FOODS FPOf CON"1 A »!I N A1FP AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTTNT'ED)
FCCt,
PROCESSING
winner
Lettuce, leaf, R
Let tuce , root , E
Mint, R
Mussel (MY.TIIUS
i ran s) , F
Muttcn, kidney, H
Mutton, liver, B
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.65* (dry
tasis)
2.80* (dry
las is)
0.59* (dry
tasis)
1.2
2.8-83 (dry
basis)
uo.
19.
12.
3.5
RANGE
(MG/KG,
MET WT. )
C 1
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[]
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
8 - t\li
8 - Ut|
8 - U4
[ ]
[ ]
35
35
35
35
ANAL.
MET HOP,
DETECTION
II KIT
(PFM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LCCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
197C
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
197C
Trail, Canada, 1970
Australia, Port
Phillip Bay, 1975
Freiberg, GDE, [ ]
Ilsenhurg, GDR, [ ]
Mansfeld, GDR, [ ]
Freiberg, GDR, [ ]
1
COMMENTS
EEFEFFNCES
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5 to U.8 ppm
Cd. Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinsor, et al. ,
197U
Spring crop. duck
soil cont'd 1.5 to « . 8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al.,
197U
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1.5 to 1.8 ppm
Cd. Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
197U
Near heavy metal
snelter
Seiners, 1971
Near pollution sources
Talbot et al., 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al., 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FRCM CONTAM IN AT ID AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
fcon,
FFCCFSSING
MI-HOT
Mutton, liver, E
Oats, R
Oats, graii, ft
Onion, R
Cnion, bulb, E
Oyster (CBASSOSTREA
GIGAS) , P
MFAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
3. 2
2.8
0.030
1.21
0.10
0.25 * (dry
basis)
19.9
6.37
5.91
FANGE
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
[ ]
[ ]
[]
[]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
C ]
t. 0-8.0
NUMEIF
0"
SAMPLES
35
35
10
12
12
s-au
120
50
11
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PEM)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, C.010
AAS, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Mansfeld, GDP, [ ]
Ilsenburg, GDP, [ ]
Finspang, Sweden,
1971
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Ralph's Bay,
Tasmania, 1972
Tamar estuary,
Tasmania, 1972
Tamar River,
Tasmania, 1973
COMMENTS
REFERENCES
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Near cadmium-emitting
factory
Kjellstrom et al.,
1971
Site of nonferrous
metal smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Near nonferrous metal
shelters
Anke et al., 1976
Fall crop. Muck soil
cont'd 1.E-U.8 ppm Cd.
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6.38 ppm Cd .
Hutchinson et al.,
197U
Downstream from
industrial sources.
All samples exceeded
local food
regulations.
Thrower and Eustace,
1973
rownstream from
industrial sources
Thrower and Eustace,
1973
>5 yrs old
Ayling, 197«
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
"ABIE A.8. CADMIUM IN FCPSIGN FOODS FPCM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
1 TCCE,
FBCCF.ESING
N^HOC
Oyster (CFJSSCSTRFA
GIGAS), E
Oyster (CSTFEIDAE
ANGASI) , F
Oyster, nixed species,
F
Parsnip, root, R
Fctatc, B
Potato, taker, P
Radish, P
MFAN
(MG/KG,
WET WT.)
4.83
2.00
35. 5-174. 3
(dry basis)
8.55
1.10 * (dry
tasis)
0.31
1 .05 * (dry
tasis)
O.U5 * (dry
basis)
0.10
FANGE
(MG/KG,
KET WT.)
[]
M
[]
0.24-30.69
[]
C ]
[]
[ ]
t ]
NIJMEEF
OF
SAMPLE?
2
2
[]
48
8-44
12
8-44
8-44
H
ANAL.
PIETHCP,
DEFECTION
LIMIT
(PEN)
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, [ ]
AAS, ( ]
AAS, []
AAS, []
AAS, []
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAMPLING
Tamar Pdver,
Tasmania, 1973
Tamar River,
Tasmania, 1973
Australia, Port
Phillip Eay, 1975
Tasmanian waters, []
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Holland Marsh,
Toronto, Canada,
1970
Derbyshire, O.K., []
COMMENTS
"EFFPENCFS
Ayling, 197U
Ayling, 197U
Near pollution sources
Talbot et al., 1976
Concentration related
to contact with
polluted waters.
Ratkowsky et al. , 1970
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1 . 5-4.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd 0.75-6.38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1974
Near nonferrous metal
smelters
Anke et al. , 1976
Spring crop. Muck
soil cont'd 1.5-4.8
ppm Cd. Fertilizer
ccnt'd C. 75-6. 38 ppm
Cd.
Hutchinson et al. ,
1974
Fall crop. Muck soil
ccnt'd 1. 5-U. 8 ppm Cd .
Fertilizer cont'd
0.75-6. 38 ppm Cd.
Hutchinson et al..
1974
Fcroier sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 5.5 ppm
available Cd.
Fike et al. , 1°75
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.a. CAD.1IU1 IN FOREIGN "OODS FRCM CCNTA1INATED ABEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
I CCU ,
IFCCISS1NG
enter
F3dish, I
"hutart, F
F ice , Fcr f r- west ,
urpclisVec , P
''ice, unpolished, R
Snail, pond, P
CFAK
(KG/KG,
WET WT.)
0.05
[]
0. 25
C. 19
2.50
[ ]
HUGE
(MG/KG,
WEI HT.)
[]
0.02-0.19
U
[]
0.72-1.17
0.09-0.66
_
KUK EIF
OF
EABFLEE
[]
12
18
18
6
r ]
>N JI.
HFTRCr.
DE1EC1ICN
1 1 (! 1 T
(FEP)
_
AAS, C.C1 ug
AAE, []
AAS, []
LCCAIICK,
F.ATF OF
SAPFLItJG
rerbyshire, D.K. , [ ]
Australia, [ ]
Chnc, Japan (Kana) ,
197C
Chno , Japan
(Kuzuryu) , 1970
Toyama, Japan, 1967
Lake Suwa, Japan,
1969
COKKENTS
FEFEFENCES
Former seviaqe farir.
Scil ccnt'd 2.6 ppi
available Cd.
tike et al. , 1575
Ecrt Firie lead-zinc
Enelter located 1 kn N
cf sample site.
Intractable Cd C.C3-1U
ppm in surface scil.
Tiller and de Vries,
1S77
Frcm cortaminat ed area
15 km downstream frcm
zinc mine. Scil pH,
1.7; soluble Cd in
scil, 0.38 ppm.
Takijiia and Katsumi,
1S73
From contaminated area
15 km dcwnstream fret
zinc mine. Soil pH
1.9; soluble Cd in
soil, 0.72 ppm.
Takijima and Katsumi,
1973
Area polluted with
mine drainage; soil
contained 1.2 ppm Cd.
Yamagata and
Shigenatsu, 1970
Contaminated by
effluents from
electroplating
factories.
Yamagata and
Shigeraatsu, 1970
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.8. CADMIUM IN FOREIGN FOODS FROM CONTAMINATED APEAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
FOOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
Tomato, R
Turnip, leaves, R
Vegetables, root,
mixed , P
MEAN
(MG/KG,
WE™ w1* . )
0.03
[ ]
0.18
0.02
5.87
0.70
0.30
0.07
RANGE
(MG/KG,
WET NT.)
[]
0.0 1-0. 21
[]
[]
[]
O.D5-1.0
0.10-3.7
O.D5-D.1
NUMBER
OF
SAMPLES
[ ]
uu
12
[]
12
3
3
i»
ANAL.
METHOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.01 ug
AAS, [ ]
'US, [ ]
AAS, []
AAS, 0.01
AAS, C.01
AAS, 0.01
LOCATION,
DATE OF
SAKPLIUG
Derbyshire, U.K. , [ ]
Australia, ] ]
Freiburg, 3DR , [ ]
u=3t 3ar»any, 1970
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
U.K., 1972
0.*., 1972
U.K., 1972
COMMENTS
PEFFPENCES |
Former sewage farm.
Soil cont'd 2.9 ppm
available Cd.
Pike at il. , 1975
Port Pirie lead-zinc
smelter located 1 km N
of saapls site.
Extractable :d D.33-1U
ppm in sirface soil.
Tillar ani is Vries,
1977
Near nonfarrous mstal
smelters
Anke et il., 1976
Near cadmiam-emitti ng
factory
Michels at al. , 197"
Near nonferraus
smelters
Anke at al. , 1976
Grown 1 tD 1 1/2 niles
from metal rsfining
plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown wittiin 1 nils of
metal refining plant
Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
Grown 1 1/2 to 2 miles
from metal rafining
plant
Ministry of
Agricaltare, Fisheries
and Food, 1973
(NEXT PAGE)
-------
TABLE A.9. 3AD1IUM I1) F3REI3N PD3DS FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS, ALPHABETICAL LISTING.
(CONTINUED)
"OOD,
PROCESSING
METHOD
»h?at, P
Wh=» at , grain, R
MEAN
(H1/K1,
WET WT.)
0.108
0.081
0.1)7
0.06
RANGE
(MG/K",,
WET WT. )
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
NUMBE"
OF
SAMPLES
2
2
12
12
ANAL.
"1ST HOD,
DETECTION
LIMIT
(PPM)
AAS, 0.010
AAS, 0.010
AAS. [ ]
AAS, [ ]
LOCATION,
DATE 3F
SAMPLING
Finspang, Swelsn,
1970
Finspang, Sne3an,
1971
Freiburg, GDR, [ ]
Freiburg, GDR , " ]
_
CDIMEUT?
BEFESF!J:ES
.
« km SJ of
caimimi-amittin?
copper alloy plant
K j'llst rom st al. ,
1971)
U km N» Df
ca3Biiu»-3iiittiC7
copper alloy plant
K jsllstrom ?t al. ,
1971)
Site of nsnfsrrous
metal smsltars
Anke et al., 1975
Sits of I3nf;rr3us
metal smelters
Ank? et al., 1976
CJ
8
-------
307
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
I. REPORT NO.
EPA-560/2-78-007
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Cadmium in Foods: A Review of the World's
Literature
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
John S. Drurv and Anna S. Hammons
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Information Center Complex, Information Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
IAG-D7-0151
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This study tabulated detailed information for most of the original measure-
ments of cadmium in foods published since 1940 and summarizes estimates of dietary
intake of cadmium in the United States and foreign countries. Cadmium concentrations
are indicated for about 1500 individual foods listed alphabetically and by decreas-
ing concentration within typical food categories. Separate compilations are pro-
vided for foods originating in contaminated and uncontaminated areas and for
domestic and foreign products. Most foods contained low concentrations of cadmium,
generally less than 0.050 mg/kg, wet weight. Concentrations of cadmium were
greatest in shellfish, leafy vegetables, potatoes, grain and cereal products, and
selected animal organs, particularly kidneys and liver. Based on the tabulated
data, the average daily U.S. dietary intake appears to lie within the range 30
to 50 ug. This estimate is 42% to 88% of the total tolerable linit of 400 to
500 ug per week recommended by the World Health Organization, and leaves little
room for intake from other environmental or occupational sources.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDEDTERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Cadmium
Food
Contaminant
Health Effects
Food Impurity
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
EPA Ft.™ 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thupngel
Unclassifed
------- |