U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
PB-290 690
Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media
A Pilot Literature Survey
Tracer Jitco, Inc, Rockville, MD
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC Office of Toxic Substance
Jan 79
-------
Unitml Sunns
Ehviionniuniai
A'guncy
ol
Toxic Substances
Washington DC 20460
EPA 560/6-79-002
January 1979
Toxic Substances
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
/Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-560/6-79-002
2.
3. RECI
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Chemicals Identified in Human Biological
Media, A Pilot Literature Survey
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
7. AUTHORIS)
Randall D. Huffman, Cynthia Aller
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Tracor-Jitco, Inc.
1776 E. Jefferson St.
Rockville, MD 20852
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-01-4116, Research
Request 6
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Monitoring Division (TS-793)
Office of Toxic Substances
US Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE Of REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY COOE
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
For the past three years, the Office of Toxic Substances' Monitoring Division
has been involved in investigating the establishment of a data base of chemicals
identified in human tissues and body fluids. A preliminary computer search in 1976
revealed that adequate descriptors do not exist for retrieving body-burden information
from existing computer files and indicated a manual approach would be necessary.
This report contains the results of a pilot manual literature survey accomplished by
Tracor-Jitco for the period January 1977 through September 1978. Fifty-one relevant
articles containing information on fifty-three different substances were identified
in forty-two selected journals. Data extracted from those articles is organized
alphabetically by substance in the text of this report.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS ATI Field/Group
body-burden
human contaminants
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Thil Report/
21.
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE-
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
EPA 560/6-79-002
CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA,
A PILOT LITERATURE SURVEY
Contract No. 68-01-4116, Task 6
January 1979
Project Officer - Cindy Stroup
Prepared for:
Office of Toxic Substances
US Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
-------
DISCLAIMER
This.report has been reviewed by the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does
not signify that the contents necessary reflect the views and policies of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
Introduction
For the past three years, the Office of Toxic Substances' Monitoring
Division (OTS-MD) has been involved in investigating the establishment of a
data base of chemicals identified in human tissues and body fluids.
D'r. Vincent J. DeCarlo (OTS-MD) directed efforts in this area through his role
as Chairperson of the Task Group on Chemicals in Human Tissues. The Task
Group operates under the aegis of Dr. Herman F. Kraybill's Interagency Collab-
orative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis of the National Cancer Institute.
A preliminary computer search in 1976 resulted in the retrieval of a
large number of inappropriate articles as well as the omission of many perti-
nent ones. The search revealed that adequate descriptors do not exist for
retrieving body-burden information from existing computer files and indicated
a manual approach would be necessary to accomplish a completely comprehensive
search.
As part of an on-going literature search contract with OTS-MD, Tracor
Jitco, Inc., was asked to perform a pilot manual literature survey for
chemicals identified in human biological media in order to determine the
extent of body-burden information present in the current open literature. The
twenty-one month (January 1977 through September 1978) search of forty-two
se'lected journals resulted in the identification of fifty-one relevant
articles containing information on fifty-three different substances found in
human tissues and body fluids. Data extracted from those articles is
organized alphabetically by substance in the text of this report.
Work on the establishment of a comprehensive data base of chemicals
identified in human biological media has recently begun under an Environmental
Protection Agency/Department of Energy interagency agreement supported by the
National Cancer Institute. The purpose of this effort is to compile data on
a VI chemical compounds that have been identified in human tissues and body
fluids with pertinent supporting information. The data base will be formatted
to facilitate data retrieval and to allow for its continued updating. :
Collected data will be published annually in handbook format; the first
compilation is scheduled for publication in October 1979.
ii
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sect,ion
List of Chemicals Found in 1
Human Biological Media
Data Tables . 2
APPENDIX I: Key to Analytical Methods 70
APPENDIX II: Journals Searched 71
APPENDIX III: Bibliography 73
111.
-------
LIST OF CHEMICALS FOUND IN
HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
Antimony
Arsenic
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
garama-BHC
Benzene hexachloride
Cadmium
Cesium-137
Calcium
Copper
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
DDD
o, p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
DDE
o,p'DDT
p,p'-DDT
DDT
DDT-total equivalent
Dieldrin
alpha-HCH
beta-HCH
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor epoxide
2,3,4;5,2' ,3. '4'-Heptachlor6biPhenyl
2,3,4,5,2',4I,5'-Heptachlorob i pheny1
2,3,4.2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl
2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Iron
Lead
Lead- "trialkl"
Lindane
Mercury - Total
Methyl mercury
Mirex
Nickel
Nitric oxide
trans-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
PBBs
PCBs
PCTs
2,3,4,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl
.2,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorob ipheny1
Phosphorus
Selenium
Strontium
Strontium-90
o,p'-TDE
p,p'-TDE
Zinc
-------
Antimony
11 s.'jne
Hair
Hair
Hair
,,,.
1.3-24 ppm
1 .5-33 ppm
1.8-47 ppm
Me;m Level.
7 . 9 ppm*
9.7 ppm*
14.6 ppm*
*median levels
No. of
76
45
121
Ann1yt.lf.nl.
Method
Photon activation
analysis
Photon activation
analysis
Photon activation
analysis
Comment r>
Rural residents of Canada
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
Arsenic
Tlsnuo
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Hair
Hair
Hair
Hair
Hair
Hair
Hniif-c
0.0005-0.0082
ug/g
0.0005-0.0038
ug/g
0.00-10.33
ug/g
0.00-1.13 ug/g
130-521 ug/100 g
94.8-325 ug/100 g
21-48.7 ug/100 g
32.5-72.7 ug/100 g
27.4-43.3 ug/100 g
0.45-1.7 ppm
0.40-2.1 ppm
0.63-4.9 ppm
Men n l.ovol
Not given
0.00188 ug/g
Not given
0.152 ug/g
363 ug/100 g
176.2 ug/100 g
37.8 ug/100 g
55.7 ug/100 g
34.8 ug/100 g
0.68 ppm*
0.75 ppm*
1 . 9 ppm*
*median levels
No. <>T
C.'lfU'fi
20
10
409
44
40
16
24
24
19
76
45
121
An;ilyl:.lc..-il.
Method
Activation
Analysis
Activation
Analysis
Colorimetry
Colorimetry
Spec trophotometry
'hoton Activation
Analysis
'hoton Activation
Analysis
'hoton Activation
Analysis
Comment n
10-year-old boys residing
in polluted area of
Czechoslovakia
Controls for above
10-year-old boys residing
in polluted area of
Czechos lovakia
Controls for above
Residents of five urban
areas of Romania
Rural residents of Canada
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Sencko and
Symon 1977
Bencko and
Symon 1977
Bencko and
Symon 1977
Bencko and
Symon 1977
Gabor and
Coldea 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
alpha-BHC
TJ nr.uc.
Adipose
Blood
plasma
and
serum
1
Itniif'o
nd*-0.064 ppm
0.11-1.50 ppb
""not detectable
Menu l.ovr-l
0.015^0.012
ppm
3.25+0.50 ppb
No. of
llnnc.'!
30
57
An.-il.y.t Jr.nl.
Molluxl
GC
GC
Comment. n
Residents of Tokyo
Residents of Yugoslavia
ReFert'iice
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Reiner et al.
1977
-------
beta-BHC
issue
Adipose
Kaiijje
0.16r5.41 ppra
Mean Level
2.32+1.42 ppm
No. of
Cases
30
Analytical
Method
GC
Comments
Residents of Tokyo
.Reference
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
-------
gamma-BHC
Tissue
Adipose
Blood
plasma
Whole
mi Ik
Plasma -
extractec
lipids
Milk -
extrac te<
lipids
Adipose -
extrac ted
1ipids
Blood
plasma -
extractec
lipids
Blood
plasma -
ex tractec
lipids
Not
Not
Not
Not
Not
Not
Not
Range
03-0.131 ppm
given
given
given
given
given
g i ve n
given
Mean Level
0.026+0.003 ppm
0.0147+0.0057
ppm
0.0101+0.0035
ppm
3.0044+1.3858
ppm
0.8607+0.3713
ppm
0.6742+0.2578
ppm
0.3956+0.3641
ppm
0.9409+0.8753
ppm
No. of
Cases
30
29
29
29
29
8
24
23
Analytical
Method
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Tokyo
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers
"
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Reference
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Po lishuk
et al. 1977
-Po lishuk
et al. 1977
Po lishuk
et al. 1977
Po lishuk
et al. 1977
Po lishuk
et al. 1977
Po lishuk
et al. 1977
Pol i shuk
et al. 1977
-------
gamma-BHC (Continued)
Tissue
Uterine
muscle -
extrac ted
lipids
Placenta -
extrac ted
lipids
Amniotic
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Kangc
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Mean Level.
2.0036+0.7822
pp.m
1. 0525+0. 5796
ppm
22.6030+13.2017
ppm
No. of
Cases
7
19
4
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli "mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Reference
Polishuk
et al. 1977
Polishuk
et al. 1977
Polishuk
et al. 1977
-------
Benzene Hexachloride
I issue
Ad ipose
Adipose
Adipose
Range
0.009-0.95 ppm
Not given
0. 16-5.43 ppm
Mean Level
0.26+0.026 ppm
0.45 ppm
2.36+1.42 ppm
No. of
Cases
170
11
30
Analylical
Method
GC-EC
GLC
GC
Comments
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
Residents of Northern
Ireland
Residents of Tokyo
Reference
Hashemy-
Tonkabony
et al. 1978
Harper et al.
1977
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
-------
Cadmium
Tissue
Whole
blood
Whole
blood .
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Kidney
cortex
Kidney
cortex
Liver
Liver
Liver
Hair
Range
0.01-1.01 ug/
100 ml
0.01-1.03 ug/
100 ml
0.02-0.41 ug/
100 ml
0.01-0.24 ug/
100 ml
1.6-93.5 ug/g
dry wt.
Not given
0.3-16.1 ug/g
we t w t .
71-1720 ppm
Not given
0.25-2.7 ppm
Mean Level
0.15*0.13 ug/
100 ml
0.10+0.12 ug/
100 ml
O.ll-t-0.01 ug/
100 ml
0.07+0.01 ug/
100 ml
19.6 ug/g dry
wt.
57.1 ug/g dry
wt.
3.7 ug/g
288 ppm ash
ash
139 ppm ash
I . 2 ppm*
No. of.
Dises
501
501
40
45
33
42
9
28
62
76
Analytical
Method
Not given
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Photon activation
analysis
Comments
Pregnant women (Belgium)
Newborns of above
Belgian children living
near lead smelter
Children in rural Belgium
Preserved samples from late
19th century Sweden
Residents of Sweden 1974-
1975
Residents of Stockholm
Residents of North Carolina
who died of heart-related
causes
Residents of North Carolina
who died of non-heart-
related causes
Rural residents of Canada.
Reference
Lauwerys
et al.
1978
Lauwerys
et al.
1978
Reels et al.
1978
Roe Is et al.
1978
Elinder and
Kje llstrom
1977
Elinder and
Kje 11 strom
1977
Elinder et al
et al. 1977
Voors and
Shuman 1977
Voors and
Shuman 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
Cadmium (Continued)
Hair
Hair
Unnge
32-3.4 ppm
45-8.2 ppm
Mean \.f\vc.]
2.0 ppm*
4 . I ppm*
*median levels
(lo. of
(Janes
45
121
Ann lyt: leal
Method
Photon activation
analysis
Photon activation
analysis
Common T.s
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
Caesium-137
Tissue
Teeth-
permanent
Teeth-
dec iduous
Kaii^e
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.05 pCi/g .
ash
0.09 pCi/g
ash
No. of
Cases
291
teeth
291
teeth
Analytical
Method
Radiometry
Radiometry
Comments
Residents of Poland
Residents of Poland
Reference
Glowiak
et al .
1977
GlowiaV.
et a 1 .
1977
-------
Calcium
Tissue
Dec i duous
teeth
Dec i.duous
teeth
Range
t given
t given
Mean Level
29.4+3.1 g/lOOg
dentin
25.1+1.5 g/100g
dentin
No. of
Cases
16
12
Analytical
Method
AAS
AAS
Comments
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Resident of California
Reference
Kuhnlein &
Galloway
1977
Kuhnlein &
Calloway
1977
-------
Copper
Tissue
Brain
Blood
Serum
Blood
Serum
Hair
Hair
ToenaiIs
Toena ils
Dec iduous
teeth
Dec iduous
teeth
3
Range
2.13-4.60
ug/g
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
Not given
165+28 ug/100
ml
175+28 ug/100
ml
10.5+1.8 ug/g
10.4+27 ug/g
20.5+24.3 ug/g
20.2+12.4 ug/g
22.9+24.4 ug/g
dent in
15.8+16.5 ug/g
denti n
No. of
Cases
22
26
24
32
34
25
23
16
12
Analytical
Method
Vot given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
X-ray
fluorescence
X-ray
fluorescence
Comments
Residents of Denmark .
Make residents of
Tokelau Islands
Female residents of
Tokelau Islands
Male residents of
Tokelau Islands
Female residents of
Tokelau Islands
Male residents of
Tokelau Islands
Female residents of
Tokelau Islands
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents of California
Reference
Nielsen et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
Mckenzie et
al. 1978
Mckenzie et
al. 1978
Mckenzie et
al. 1978
Mckenzie et
al. 1978
Kuhnlein &
Calloway
1977
Kuhnlein &
Calloway
1977
-------
o, p' -DD.D
Tissue
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
ex trac ted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extrac ted
lipids
Amniotic
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.0736+0.1771
ppm
0.3333+1.0824
ppm
0.4011+0.7226
ppm
0.5063+0.5079
ppm
0.4368+0.8011
ppm
4.0841+5.9530
ppm
No. of
Cases
8
24
23
7
19
4
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDD
Tissue
Milk fat
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extracted
lipids
Amriiotic
. fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Ranye
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Not given
Mean Level
trace ,
( < 1 ppb)
0.2622+0.1606
ppm
0.3327+0.3868
ppm
0.9365+1.0068
ppra
0.4224^0.3295
ppm
0.4413+0.4496
ppm
9.1810+7.7040
ppm
0.0087+0.0037
ppm
0.0099+0.0044
ppra
No. of
Cases
10
8
24
23
7
19
4
29
29
Analytical.
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
al. 1977
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Belgrade mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Adamovic et
. al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
at. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDD (Continued)
'I'issue
Blood
plasma -
extrac ted
1Lpids
Milk -
extrac ted
lipids
;d
>d
Range
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
1.7788+0.9220
ppm
0.8048+0.4585
ppm
No", of
Cases
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
ODD
Tissue
Ad ipose
Range
0.008-2.57 ppm
Mean Level
0.232+0.082 ppm
No. of
Cases
170
Analytical
Melhod
GC-EC
Comments
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
Reference
Hashemy -
Tonkabony et
al. 1978
-------
o,p'-DDE
Ti s.snc
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
ex trac ted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Uterine
mu s c 1 e -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extracted
lipids
Amn La t i c
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma
Who e
m'. Ik
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level.
0.4242+0.2136
ppm
0.3478+0.4368
ppm
1.0278+0.9141
ppm
2.0915+0.4697
ppm
0.7880+0.7938
ppm
16.9487+11.0259
ppm
0.0112+0.0040
ppm
0.0095+0.0036
ppm
2.2327+0.8842
ppm
No. of
CMSCS
8
24
23
7
19
4
29
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
o,p'-DDE (Continued)
Tissue
Whole
milk -
extrac ted
lipids
Range
Not given
Mean Level
0.7626+0.4387
ppm
No. of
Cases
29
Analytical
Method
iC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDE
Tissue
Milk fat
Whole
milk
Milk fat
Adipose
Liver
Blood
serum
Adipose
Ad ipose
Ad ipose
Adipose -
extrac tec
\ i p i d 3
Blcxl
p 1 a sraa -
f " trac tec
Vpids
Rnnge
Not given
21-84 ug/kg
0.66-3.0 mg/kg
0.32-1.68 ppm
0.35-1.21 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.21-6.20 ppm
0.054-15.534
"g/g
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.192 ppm
0.142 pprn
43 ug/kg
1.49 rag/kg
0. 76 ppm
0.80 ppm
20.56 ppb
1 . 60 ppm
2.91+1.61 ppm
2.095+1.697
ug/g
1.9205+0.9010
ppm
1. 8740+1. 5007
ppra
No. of
Cases
5
5
970-
1940
970-
1940
10
10
960
11
30
168
8
24
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GLC
GC
GC-MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Belgrade mothers
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Norway
Residents of Norway
Residents of Michigan
Residents of Northern
Ireland
Residents of Tokyo
Doguchi ,
Residents of Canada - 1972
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Reference
Adamovic et
al. 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Blooomer et
al. 1977
Harper et
al. 1977
Fukano and
1977
Me s e t a 1 .
1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDE (Continued)
Tissue
Blood
plasma -
extrac ted
1 Lpids
Uterine
. muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extrac ted
lipids
Amn.iotic
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blood
serum
Blood
plasma
or serum
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.005-0.022
8.4-118 pph
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
3.8412+22.676 .
ppm
5.6009+2.6665
ppm
3.9530+1.6513
ppra
26.7240+19.8115
ppra
0.011 ppm
ppm
35.3^1.5 ppb
0.0195^0.0078
ppm
0.0217+0.0073
ppm
3.9718+1.8739
ppm
No. of
Cases
23
7
19
4
38
147
29
29
29
Analytical .
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EP
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Alaskan Eskimos
Residents of Yugoslavia
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Serat et
al. 1977
Reiner et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDE (Continued)
Tissue
Milk -
extracted
lipids
H.'inge
given
Mean Level
1.8139+0.9026
ppm
No. of
Cases
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments :
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
DDE
T.I.SRIK.!
Adipose
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
. Blood
serum
Rntigc
0.740-33.20 ppm
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Not given
MC.-III I.evol
5.26+0.36 ppm
4.0-1-3.0 to
31.3^16.6 ppb
12.9+11.9 ppb
9.3 ppb*
21.4+18.1 ppb
14.5 ppb*
11.4+7.4 ppb
9.7 ppb*
*median levels
No. of
('.IBO.'l
170
62
fami-
lies
524
55
56
Ann1yt.lc.al.
Mutlioi!
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
(,'OIMIIIOII t.S
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
Michigan families
Michigan farmers
Michigan Chemical Co.
employees
Wisconsin farmers
Reference
Hashemy -
Tonkabony
et al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
-------
o,p'-DDT
Tissue
Milk fat
Adipose
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extrac ted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extracted
lipids
Amn io t i c
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blooc.
plasma
Range
Not given
0.001-0.229
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
No t g i ve n
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.003 ppm
0.004 ppm
0.031+0.036
ug/g
0.3592+0.3725
ppm
0.5026^0.6262
ppm
1.2944+1.2480
ppm
1.0288+0.7211
ppm
0.7209^0.7603
ppm
15.9252+11.9148
ppm
0.0107+0.0058
ppm
No. of
Cases
5
5
168
8
24
23
7
19
4
29
An
1
GC-EC
GC-MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Analytical
Method
Comments
Belgrade mothers
Residents of Canada
1972
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Adamovic et
al. 1978
Me s e t a 1.
1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
o,p'-DDT (Continued)
i'lSSHC'
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma -
extrac te
lipids
Milk -
extrac ted
1ipids
Range
ot given
ot given
ot given
Moan Level
0.0073+0.0044
ppm
2.2319+1.3544
ppin
0. 6143+0. 3903
ppm
No. of
Cases
29
29
29
Analytical.
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-DDT
Tissue
Milk fat
Whole
milk
Milk fat
Blood
serum
Adipose
Adipose
Adipose
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Knnge
Not given
6.6-19 ug/kg
0.21-0.61 rag/kg
Not given
Not given
0.20-1.44 ppm
S.D.-.33
0.018-2.057
"g/8
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.048 ppm
0.036 ppm
10 ug/kg
0.36 mg/kg
5.76 ppb
0 . 34 ppm
0.68 ppm
0.439+0.332
ug/8
0.7212^0.1890
ppm
0.9742+1.0278
ppm
2.4938+1.6223
PPm
No. of
Cases
5
5
970-
1940
970-
1940
960
11
30
168
8
24
23
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GLC
GC
GC-MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Belgrade mothers
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Michigan
Residents of Northern
Ireland
Residents of Tokyo
Residents of Canada - 1972
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of Israeli mothers
- Reference
Adamovic et
al. 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
Bloomer et
al. 1977
Harper et
al. 1977
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Mes et al.
1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977'
-------
p,p'-DDT (Continued)
Tj ssuc
Uterine
muscle -
extrac ted
lipids
Placenta
extrac ted
lipids
Amniotic
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma
or serum
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Milk -
extrac ted
lipids
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
2.2-81 ppb
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level.
1.2558+0.5817
ppm
2.6175^2.6108
ppm
13.0956+10.4137
ppm
22.7+3.3 ppb
0.0133+0.0073
ppm
0.0122+0.0056
ppm
2.6776+1.5328
ppm
0. 9724+0. 4893
ppm
No. of
Cases
7
19
4
20
29
29
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Residents of Yugoslavia
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Reiner et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
DDT
to
CO
Tissue
Adipose
Range
0.064-25.92 ppm
Mean Level
2.64+0.22 ppm
No. of
Cases
170
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments .
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
Reference
Hashemy -
Tonkabony et
al. 1978
-------
DDT - total equivalent
Tissue
Adipose
(perire-
nal)
Who le
milk
Milk fat
Adipose
Adipose
Blood
serum
Adipose
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Range.
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
0.812-61.59 ppm
Not given
Not given
0.41-7.64 ppm
Not given
Mean Level.
2.60+1.33 rag/kg
1.86+1.41 mg/kg
0.95+0.26 mg/kg
0.91+0.81 mg/kg
0.75+0.56 mg/kg
2.25+1.42 mg/kg
2.67+1.87 mg/kg
50+38 ug/kg
49+31 ug/kg
39+17 ug/kg
29+13 ug/kg
0.264 ppm
0.197 ppra
8.13 ppm
7 . 88 ppm
7.95 ppm
6 . 88 ppm
5.89 ppm
5.02 ppm
28.86 ppb
3.59+1.87ppm
4.0136+1.6144
ppm
No. of
Cases
22 .
14
6
6
6
36
40
14
11
10
9
5
5
170
1412
1616
1920
1092
898
960
30
8
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
,
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Norway
Residents of Norway
Belgrade mothers
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
U.S. residents- 1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
Residents of Michigan
Residents of Tokyo
Israeli mothers
Reference
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Adamovic et
al. 1978
Hashemy -
Tonkabony et
al. 1978
Kutz et al.
1978
Bloomer et
al. 1977
Fukano and
Doguchi 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
DDT - total equivalent (Continued)
Tissue
Blood
plasma -
extrac ted
1 ipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extrac ted
1 ipids
Amn iotic
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Blood
p I a sma
extracted
lipids
Mill-
extracted
I ipids
Range
Not given
No t g i ve n
No t g i ve n
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
A. 5774+4. 0333
ppm
10.5470+5.2215
ppra
11.7825+3.0556
ppm
9.4954+5.1978
ppm
90.9360+57.6881
ppra.
0.0740+0.0294
ppm
0.0717+0.0250
ppm
15.1158+7.2114
ppm
5.7738+2.8220
ppm
No. of:
Cases
24
23
7
19
4
29
29
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al." 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
Dieldrin
Tissue
.Milk fat
Adipose
Whole
milk
Milk fat
.
Adipose
Adipose
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids.
Range
Not given
0.001-0.75 ppra
0.4-1.3 ug/kg
0.014-0.046
mg/kg
Not given
0.001-0.353 ug/g
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
Mean Level
0.001 ppm
trace (< 1 ppb)
0.049+0.006 ppra
0.7 ug/kg
0.025 mg/kg
0. 10 ppm
0.069+0.055
0.1998+0.0991
ppm
0.5301+0.5559
ppm
1.2159+0.8855
ppm
0.5444+0.3510
ppm
No. of
Cases
5
5
170
970-
1940
970-
1940
11
168
8
24
23
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GLC
GC-MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
-
Comments
Belgrade mothers
Sudden accident victims
(Iran)
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Northern
Ireland
Residents of Canada-
1972
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Reference
Adaraovic et
al. 1978
Hashemy -
Tonkabony et
al. 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
We s too and
Noren 1978
Harper et al.
1977
Mes et al.
1972
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
Dieldrin (Continued)
UJ
K)
T.I srnie
Placenta -
extracted
lipids
Amn io t i c
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Whole
milk
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Milk
extrac ted
1 Lpids
R.niif'O
Not given
Not given
Not given
7-12,300 ppb
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mc.'iii l.ovi'l.
0.8026+0.9802
Ppm
7.6456+7.2513
ppm
97.9 ppb
242.3 ppb
0.0099+0.0051
ppm
0.0070+0.0077
Ppm
2.0104+1.0886
ppm
0.5806+0.3132
ppra
No. of
C;iR(«n
19
4
Not
given
Not
given
29
29
29
29
Annly t::lc:n1
Mc'tluxl
GC-EC
GC-EC
Not given
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
CoiwiKMilft
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Northeast U.S.
Southeast U.S.
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Roforencr:
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Anon. 1977a
Anon. 1977a
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
alpha-HCH
Tissue
Whole
mi Ik
Milk fat
Adipose
Range
Not given
Not given
0.001-0.036
"g/g
Mean Level
< 0.25 ug/kg
< 0.008 ug/kg
0.004+0.005
ug/g
No. of
Cases
970-
1940
970-
1940
168
Analytical
Method
GC
GC
GC-MS
Comments
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Canada - 1972
Reference
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Me s et a 1 .
1977
U)
-------
beta-HCH
Tissue
Whole
milk
Milk fat
Ad ipose
Uange
1.9-7.7 ug/kg
0.076-0.26 mg/kg
0.001-1.790
ug/g
Mean Level
3.8 ug/kg
0.13 mg/kg
0.054+0.144
ug/g
No. of
Cases
970-
1940
970-
1940
168
Analytical
Method
GC
GC
GC-MS
Comments
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Canada
1972
Reference
Westoo and
Noren 1973
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Mes et al.
1978
-------
gamma-HCH (lindane)
Tissue
Range
Mean Level
No. of
Cases
Analytical
Method
Comments
Reference
Whole
mi Ik
Milk fat
Adipose
Not given
Not given
0.001-0.136
ug/8
£0.2 ug/kg
<_ 0.007 mg/kg
0.007+0.014
"8/8
970-
1940
970-
1940
168
GC
GC
GC-MS
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Sweden
1976-1977
Residents of Canada - 1972
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Mes et al.
1977
-------
Heptachlor epoxide
Tissue
Adipose
Adipose -
extrac ted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Blood
plasma -
extrac ted
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extrac ted
lipids
Amn io t i c
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Who le
milk
'-.'hole
milk
R.'IIIRG
0. 003-0.477
Not given
No t given
Not given
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
No t g i ve n
7-2,050 ppb
Me.-in l.nvcl
0.04 3+0. -043
ug/8
0.2856+0.3109
ppm
0.2798+0.4626
ppm
0.9959+0.9458
ppm
0.4985+0.5086
ppm
0.5000+0.3950
ppm
0.6730+1.1645
ppm
66.1 ppb
128 ppb
No. of
Onsen
168
8
24
23
7
19
4
Not
given
Not
given
Ann1.yLlf.nl
Method
GC-MS
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Not given
Not given
Comments
Residents of Canada-
1972
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Israeli mothers
Israeli mothers
.Israeli mothers
Northwest U.S.
Southeast U.S.
Reference
Me s e t a 1 .
1977
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
PolLshuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Anon. 1977a
Anon. I977a
-------
Heptachlor epoxide (Continued)
Tissue
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Blood
plasma -
extracted
lipids
Milk -
extracted
lipids
Range
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.0136+0.0057
ppm
0.0091+0.0045
2.7601+1.3366
ppm
0.7177+0.4824
ppm
No..of
Cases
29
29
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
Polishuk et
al. 1978
-------
2,3,4,5,2',3',4'- Heptachlorobiphenyl
do
Tissue
Whole
blood
Range
Not given
Mean Level
0.11+0.04 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Kyusku,
Japan
Reference
Kuroki &
Masuda 1977
-------
2,3,4,5,2',4',5'- Heptachlorobipheny1
TJssue
Whole
blood
Uurige
Not given
Mean Level
0.12+0.07 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Kyusku,
Japan
Reference
Kuroki &
Masuda 1977
-------
2,3,4,2',4',5'- Hexachlorobiphenyl
Tissue
Whole
blood
Range
Not given
Mean Level
0.17+0.07 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Kyusku,
Japan
Reference
Kuroki &
Masuda 1977
-------
2,4,5,2',4',5'- Hexachlorobtphenyl
Tissue
Whole
blood
Range
Not given-
Mean Level
0.15+0.07 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
"
Comments
Residents of Kyusku,
Japan
Reference
Kuroki &
Masuda 1977
-------
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Tissue
Adipose
(perire-
nal)
Whole
mi Ik
Whole
milk
Milk fat
Ad ipose
Liver
Adipose
Adipose
Kange
Not given
Not given
1.4-7.2 ug/kg
0.044-0.22 rag/kg
0.03-0.19 ppm
0.11-0.23 ppm
Not given
0.001-0.520
"8/g
Mean Level.
0.24+0.09 mg/kg
0.36+0.24 mg/kg
0.12+0.06 mg/kg
0.08+0.07 mg/kg
0.09+0.03 mg/kg
0.29+0.18 mg/kg
5.5+3.7 ug/kg
9.2+4.0 ug/kg
2.7+1.0 ug/kg
3.2+1.2 ug/kg
3.3 ug/kg
0.11 mg/kg
0.11 ppm
0.15 ppm
0.15 ppm
0.062+0. 155
ug/g
No. of
Cases
22
14
6
6
6
36
14
11
10
9
970-
1940
970-
1940 -
10
10
11
168
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GLC
GC-MS
Comments
Residents of1 Norway
Residents of Norway
Residents of Sweden
Residents of Sweden
Residents of Norway
Residents of Norway
Residents of Northern
Ireland
Residents of Canada-
1972
Reference
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Harper et
al. 1977
Mes et al.
1977
-------
Iron
Hair
Hair
Hair
RniiRp.
5-8.5 ppm
2-100 ppm
7-72 ppm
Menu Level.
131 'ppm*
41 ppm*
26 ppm*
*median levels
Mo. of
O.'ifuv;
76
45
121
Annl.y tl.c.nl
Mot hod
PAA
PAA
PAA
Comments
Rural residents of Canada
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
Lead
Tissue
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Sa liva
Tooth
Enamel
Deciduous
teeth
Whole
b 1 ood
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
nr.lk
Who le
blood
Range
Not given .
Not given
6-320 ppb
170-5,920 ppm
?-59.2 ug/g
3.1-31 ug/100
ml
2.7-27.3 ug/100
ml
15.7-45.8 ug/100
ml
4.5-16.2 ug/100
ml
2-29 ug/d-1-
15-65 ug/1
Not given
Mean Level
1. 91+0. 66
mraol/1
2.01+0.63
nmol/1
44+41 ppb
Not given
3.73+5.0 ug/g
10.2+3.7 ug/
100 ml
9.4 ug/100 ml*
8.4+3.46 ug/
100 ml
7.8 ug/100 ml*
26.4+1.2 ug/
100 ml
9.1+0.5 ug/
100 ml
- 9.9 ug/dl
29 ug/1
6.1+2.6 ug/dl
No. of
Cases
38
38
251
251
2,233
teeth
503
503
40
45
900
4
31
Analytical
Method
Not given
lot given
Not given
₯ot given
AAS
Not given
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
Comments
Mothers in a North Wales
housing estate with lead
water piping
Children of above mothers
School children of
Cambridge, Mass.
School children of
Cambridge, Mass.
Norwegian children
Pregnant. women (Belgium)
Newborns of above
Belgian children living
near lead smelter
Children in rural Belgium
Iowa women 1-3 days after
delivery
Iowa women
Iowa infants 0-4 months old
Reference
Elwood et
al. 1978
Elwood et
al. 1978
Brudevold et
al. 1977
Brudevold et
al. 1977
Fosse 1978
Lauwerys et
al. 1978
Lauwerys et
al. 1978
Roe Is et
al. 1978
Roe Is et
al. 1978
.Ryu et al.
1978
Ryu et al.
1978
Ryu e t a 1 .
1978
-------
Lead (Continued)
Tissue
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Brain
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lymph
nodes
Blood
erythro-
cy tes
Blood
erythro-
cy tes
Whole
blood
Ranjje
Not given
Not given
Not given
0.44-0.183 ug/g
0.15-1.24 ppra
dry wt
0.10-1.08 ppm
dry wt
0.28-1.14 ppm
0.93-2.60 ppm
25-78.8 ug/100
ml RBC
16.3-67 ug/100
ml RBC
Mo t g i ve n
Menu Level
9.1+4.3 ug/dl
12.2+4.6 ug/dl
14.9+0.26 ug/
100 ml
Not given
0.50+0.21 ppm
dry wt
0.37^0.20 ppm
dry wt
0.56 ppm
1 . 77 ppm
49.1+11.9 ug/
100 ml RBC
32.9+10.2 ug/
100 ral RBC
10.8 ug/100 ml
11.4 ug/100 ral
10.8 ug/100 ml
10.2 ug/100 ral
No. oT
Cases
31
31
652
22
136
108
10
10
47
47
30
141
49
135
Analytic.-)]
Method
AAS
AAS
AAS
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
\AS
US
Comments
Iowa infants 7 months old
Iowa infants 1 year old
Residents of Ottawa
Residents of Denmark
Urban residents of Norway
Rural residents of Norway
Residents of Trondheim,
Norway
Residents of Trondheim,
Norway
Cleveland mothers at
delivery
Newborn of above
Residents of Finland
Reference
Ryu et al.
1978
Ryu e t a 1 .
1978
Wigle and
Charlebois
1978
Nielsen et
al. 1978
Ophus and
Mylius 1977
Ophus and
Mylius 1977
Mylius and
Ophus 1977
Mylius and
Ophus 1977
Kuhnert et
al. 1977
Kuhnert et
al. 1977
Tola and
Nordman
1977
-------
Lead (Continued)
Tissue
Whole
blood
Teeth
Dec iduous
teeth
Dec iduous
teeth
Hair
Hair
Hair
K.'iiif'e
7.2-21.7 ug/100 g
whole blood
0.8-108.0 ppm
No t g i ve n
Not given
0.5-25 ppm
0.5-35 ppm
10-350 ppm
Mean l.nvi'J.
Not given
11.8 ppm
27.6+15.2 ug/g
dentin
16.6+5.4 ug/g
dentin
10.1 ppm*
16.9 ppm*
45.2 ppm*
*median levels
No. of
UflRC.'S
10
1,392
teeth
16
12
76
45
121
Aiifi1.yHc.nl.
Mt'tluul
MS
AAS
X-ray
fluorescence
X-ray
fluorescence
PAA
PAA
PAA
Common Is
Residents of Dallas
Residents of Birmingham,
U.K.
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents of California
Rural residents of Canada
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Manton 1977
Mackie, et
al. 1977
Kuhnlein and
Galloway
1977
Kuhnlein and
Calloway
1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
Lead- "trialkyl"
Tissue
.Brain
Kaiige
< 0.008-0.050
ug Pb/g
Mean Level
Not given
No. of
Cases
22
Analytical
Method
AAS
Comments
Residents of Denmark
Reference
Nielsen et
al. 1978 '
-------
Lindane
CO
Tissue
Blood
plasma
or serum
Range
0.45-15 ppb
Mean Level
4.09+0.62 ppb
No. .of
Cases
23
Analytical
Method
GC
Comments
Residents of Yugoslavia
Reference
Reiner et
al. 1977
-------
Mercury - total
Ti ssne
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Whole
milk
Hair
Hair
Whole
blood
Whole
blood
Dec iduous
teeth
Deciduous
teeth
Range
100-154 ng/g dry.
we ight
0.01-4.7 ug/100
~ ml
0.01-7.05 ug/100
ml
0.4-9.8 ppb
1.2-7.3 ppm
2.0-10.8 ppm
7-54 ppb
12-96 ppb
Not given
Not given
Mean Level.
129 ng/g dry
weight
1. 26-t-O. 69 ug/100
ml
1. 42+0. 85 ug/100
ml
3.6jf2.2 ppb
3.3+1.5 ppm
4.3+1.5 ppm
25+12 ppb
26+11 ppb
5.6+4.7 ug/g
dentin
5.3+5.4 ug/g
dentin
No. of
Cases
17
497
497
30
33
33
28
30
16
12
Analytical
Method
NAA
Not given
Not given
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
X-ray
fluorescence
X-ray
fluorescence
Comments
Residents of Scotland
Pregnant women (Belgium)
Newborns of above
Tokyo mothers - at delivery
Tokyo mothers - at delivery
Newborns of above
Tokyo mothers - at delivery
Newborns of above
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents of California
Keference
Cross et
al. 1978
Lauwerys et
al. 1978
Lauwerys et
al. 1978
Fujita and
Takabatake
1977
Fujita and
Takabatake
1977
Fujita and
Takabatake
1977
Fujita and
Takabatake
1977
Fujita and
Takabatake
1977
Kuhnlein &
Galloway
1977
Kuhnlein i
Galloway
1977
-------
Methyl Mercury
Ul
o
Tissue
Whole
blood
Range
1.9-13.7 ng/g
dry weight
Mean Level
5.7 ng/g dry
weight
No. of
Cases
17
Analytical
Method
NAA
Comments
Residents of Scotland
Reference
Cross et
al. 1978
-------
Mirex
Tl.f:niie
Milk fat
Milk fat
Adipose
Rnnpe
0-0.6 ng/g
0-0.4 ng/g
0-5.2 ppm
Menu l.cvcvl
Not given
Not given
Not given
No. of
(Jnsr.'i
14
14
507
Ann l.y LJc.nl
Melliod
MS
GC
Not given
CoimiKjnls
Residents of Canada
Residents of Canada
Residents of mirex
treatment areas
Reference
Mes et al.
1978"
Mes et al.
1978
Anon. 1978b
-------
Nickel
Ul
KJ
Tissue
Lung
Lung
Range
24-399 ug/100 g,
dry wt
5-31 ug/lOOg,
dry wt
Mean Level
117 ug/100 g,
dry wt
13 ug/100g,
dry wt
No. of
Cases
9
9
Analytical
Method
X-ray
spec tometry
X-ray
spec tometry
Comments
Victims of Legionnaires'
Disease
Controls for above
Reference
Chen et al.
1977
Chen et al.
1977
-------
Nitric Oxide
Tissue
Whole
blood
Ol
u>
Range
Not given
Mean Level
21.0 nmoles/ral
21.2 nmoles/ml
No. of
Cases
5
2
Analytical.
Method
MS
Comments
Nonsmokers
Smokers
Reference
Freeman et
al. 1978
-------
trans-Nonachlor
Tissue
Ad ipose
Range
0.010-0.367
ug/g
Mo=an Level
0.065+0.054
ug/g
No. of
Cases
168
Analytical
Method
GC-MS
Comments
Residents of Canada - 1972
Reference
Me s e t a 1 .
1977
-------
Oxychlordane
R.nnp.r
0.003-0.336
ug/g
Not given
7-1,858.3 ppb
Menu l.ovH
0.055+0.047
ug/g
80 ppb
116 ppb
No. of
r.TRI'rt
168
Not
given
Not
given
An.ilyt Icn.l.
Mothnil
GC-MS
Not given
Not given
Comment ft
Residents of Canada - 1972
Northeast and Midwest U.S.
Southeast U.S.
Rcrorpitre
Mes et al.
1977
Anon. 1977a
Anon. 1977a
-------
PBBs
T.I snur-
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
R.'IIIRU
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Mf-nii l.ovoj
3.9 ppb
4.2 ppb
1 .4 ppb
2.2 ppb
0.4+0.4 to
732+653 ppb
23.7+119.3 ppb .
2.6 ppb*
123.0+367.0 ppb
9.3 ppb*
*median levels
No. of
C;iscf!
283
28
153
40
62
fami-
lies
524
55
Ann 1 y til r.a.l.
Motliod
Not given
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Commends
Michigan residents
Michigan families
Michigan farmers
Michigan Chemicals Co.
employees
Reference
Lilis et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
Wolff et
al. 1978
-------
PCBs
Tissue
-Whole
milk
Adipose
(perire-
nal)
Whole
tni.lk
Milk fat
Adipose
Liver
Adipose
Whole
blood
Adipose -
extracted
lipids
K.'ingt;
Not given
Not given
20-40 ug/kg
0.5-1.5 mg/kg
0.37-4.44 ppm
1.11-2.29 ppm
0.38-2.50 ppm
1.8-3.8 ppb
Not given
Mean Level
24+9 ug/kg
24+9 ug/kg
29+8 ug/kg
19+6 ug/kg
2.14+0.86 mg/kg
1.65+0.83 mg/kg
0.92+0.38 mg/kg
0.63+;0.53 rag /kg
0.90+0.42 rag/kg
1.90+0.90 mg/kg
0.88+0.62 mg/kg
30 ug/kg
0.93 mg/kg
1 . 78 ppm
1 . 87 ppm
1 . 04 ppra
Not given
1.2049+0.2696 "
ppm
No. of
Cases
14
11
10
9
22
14
6
6
6
36
40
970-
1940
970-
1940
10
10
30
10
8
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC
GC
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Norway
Residents of Norway
Residents of Sweden
Residents of Sweden
Residents of Norway
Residents of Norway
Residents of Tokyo
Residents of Tokyo
Israeli mothers
Reference
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Brevik and
Bjerk, 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Westoo and
Noren 1978
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Bjorseth et
al. 1977
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
PCBs (Continued)
T.lsnue
Blood
extrac tec
lipids
Blood -
extrac tec
lipids
Uterine
muscle -
extracted
lipids
Placenta -
extracted
lipids
Amnioti c
fluid -
extracted
lipids
Whole
milk
ed
ed
ed
_
ed
ed
l(;ui|$C!
Not given
No t g i ve n
Not given
Not given
No t g i ve n
No t given
Mf;in I.cvcl
2.7990+1.5562
ppm
7.1097+4.0046
ppm
14.0968+2.9379
ppm
5.0267+3.6351
ppm
124.7529+
59.1636 ppm
1.80 ppm
No. ol"
C.-uie.-j
24
23
7
19
4
80
Ann1yLlr.nl. .-
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
GC-EC
Not given
Common 1: R
Israeli mothers
Newborn of above
Newborn of above
Newborn of above
Newborn of above
Residents of U.S.
Rr fore-nee
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Poll. shuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Anon. 1977b
-------
PCTs
Tissue
Adipose
Ad ipose
Whole
blood
Rntif>c
"low ppm"
0.04-9.20 ppm
1.1-9.4 ppb
Menu l.ovnJ
Not given
1.11+2.01 ppm
Not given
No. of
Can en
454
30
10
Analytical
Method
GC/MS
GC
GC
Comment B
"Pooled extracts"
Residents. of Tokyo
Residents of Tokyo
Reference
Anon. 1978a
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
Fukano and
Doguchi
1977
-------
2,3,4,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl
Tissue
Whole
blood
Range
Not given
Mean Level
0.05+0.02 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Kyusku,
Japan
Reference
Kuroki and
Masuda 1977
-------
2,4,5,3',4'- Pentachlorobiphenyl
Tissue.
Whole
blood
Range
Not given
Mean Level
0.22+0.09 ppb
No. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
Comments
Residents of Kyushu,
Japan
Reference
Kuorki and
Masuda 1977
-------
Phosphorus
IIKSUfc
Deciduous
teeth
Dec iduous
teeth
Range
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
10.5+3.0 g/100
g dentin
11.3+0.6 g/100
g dentin
No. of
Cases
16
12
Analytical
Method
Not given
.
Not given
Comments
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents of California
Reference
Kuhnlein and
Galloway 1977
Kuhnlein and
Calloway 1977
-------
Selenium
Whole
blood
CO
61-111 ug/1
l.ovc:!
76.68 ug/1
No. of
44
Annl.ytJenl
Mot hod
Fluorimetry
Common l:n
Children (7-13) in New
Zealand
Reference
Bierre et
al. 1977
-------
Strontium
Tissue
Dec iduous
teeth
Dec i duous
teeth
Range
*Jot given
iot given
Mean Level.
97.7+23.3 ug/g
dentin
87.3+13.7 ug/g
dentin
No. of
Cases
16 ,
12
Analytical
Method
X-ray
fluorescence
X-ray
fluorescence
Comments
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents, California
Reference
Kuhalein and
Galloway
1977
Kuhalein and
Galloway
1977
-------
Strontium 90
;sue
lanent
eth
duous
eth
Range
Not given
Not given
-
Miian Level
0.6 pCi/g
ash
2.373 pCi/g
ash
No. of
Cases
291
teeth
291
teeth
Analytical
Method
tadiometry"
ladiometry
-
Comments
Residents of Poland
Residents of Poland
Reference
Glowiak et
al. 1977
Glowiak et
al. 1977
-------
o,p'-TDE
Tissue
Blood
plasma
Whole
milk
Range
Not given
Not given
Mean Level
0.0072+0.0058
ppm
0.0060+0.0048
ppm
No. of
Cases
29
29
Analytical
Method
GC-EC
GC-EC
Comments
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Israeli mothers 2-4 days
after delivery
Reference
Polishuk et
al. 1977
Polishuk et
al. 1977
-------
p,p'-TDE
ON
'I'i.H.siie
Blood
plasma
or serum
Range
3.0-23 ppb
Moan Level
11.6+2.7 ppb
No.. of
Cases
7
Analytical
Method
GC
Comments
Residents of Yugoslavia
Reference
Reiner et
al. 1977
-------
Zinc
Tlr.nnr-
Blood
serum
Blood
serum
Hair
Hair
Toenails
Toenails
Liver
Pancreas
Deciduous
teeth
Deciduous
teeth
Hair
KrtllgC!
Mot given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
Not given
40-450 ppm
Mcj;iii l.p.vr-l
99+14 ug/100
ml
95+13 ug/100
ml
250+96 ug/g
155+61 ug/g
131+81 ug/g
162+83 ug/g
45.3+13.6 ug/g
26.9+7.2 ug/g
178.0+52.9
ug/g dentin
151.0+30.5
ug/g dentin
185 ppm*
*median levels
No. of
Cn.'ic.'?
26
24
32
34
25
23
289
285
16
12
76
Anal yt:J c.;i 1.
Method
MS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
X-ray
f luorscence
X-ray
f luorscence
PAA
Cowmen 1 n
Male residents of Tokelau
Islands
Female residents of Tokelau
Islands
Male residents of Tokelau
Islands
Female residents of Tokelau
Islands
Male residents of Tokelau
Islands
Female residents of Tokelau
Islands
Residents of Stockholm
Residents of Stockholm
Hopi Indians, Arizona
Residents of California
Rural residents of Canada
Rc'fert-nce
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
McKenzie et
al. 1978
Elinder et
al. 1977
Elinder et
al. 1977
Kuhnlein and
Galloway
1977
Kuhnlein and
Galloway
1977
Chattopadhyay
et .al. 1977
-------
Zinc (Continued)
TJ.fSfsuc:
Hair
Hair
K.-iiij'i'
53-470 ppm
47-190 ppm
Moan l.f.vcl
190 ppm*
82 ppm*
*median levels
No. of
Cnnon
45
121
Analytlc.nl.
Method
PAA
PAA
Comment n
Urban residents of Canada
Canadians residing near
lead smelters
Reference
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
Chattopadhyay
et al. 1977
-------
KEY TO ANALYTICAL METHODS
AAS ' Atomic absorption spectrpmetry
Colorimetry
Fluorimetry
GC Gas chroraatography
GC-EC Gas chromatography-eleetron capture detection
GC-MS Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
GLC Gas/liquid chromatography
MS Mass spectrometry
NAA Neutron activation analysis
PAA Photon activation analysis
Radiometry
Spectrophotometry
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray spectrometry
70
-------
JOURNALS SEARCHED
Journal
Volumes Covered
Acta Pharmacologica and Toxicologica
Ambio
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
American Journal of Public Health
Analytical Biochemistry
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de
Therapie
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Archives of Environmental Health
Archives of Toxicology
British Medical Journal
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Chemosphere
Current Contents - Life Sciences
Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental Monitoring Series
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Research
Environmental Science and Technology
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
Journal of Environmental Health
40-43(1)
6-7(3)
30-31(8)
127-132(1)
67-68(8)
77-89(1)
283-312
225-233
5(2)-7(3)
32-33(4)
37-40(3)
6052-6139 '.
17-20(2) .
6-7(7)
21(14-38)
19-24
4-77-004-4-78-19
12-17(1)
13-16
11-12(9)
27-28(3)
39(4)-41(l)
71
-------
JOURNALS SEARCHED (Continued)
Journal
Volumes Covered
Journal of Pediatrics
Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists
Lancet
Mosquito News
Nature
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
New Zealand Medical Journal
Nutrition Reports International
c
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News
Pesticides Monitoring Journal
Pollution
Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology
and Medicine
Public Health Reports
Research Communications in Chemical Pathology
and Pharmacology
Science
Talanta
Toxicology
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
90-93(3)
237-240(11)
60-61(4)
8001-8089
37-38(2)
265-274
296(2)-304(l)
85-87
15-18(1)
49-52(3) '
5(6)-6(42)
10-11(4)
7-8(8)
154-158(3)
92-93(4)
16-21(2)
195-201
24-25(6)
7-10(2)
39-45(2)
72
-------
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adamovic, V.M., B. Sokic and M. J. Smilijanki. 1978. Some observations
concerning the ratio of the intake of organochlorine insecticides through
food and amounts excreted in the milk of breast-feeding mothers. Bulletin
of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 20(2): 280-285.
Anon. 1977a. Breastfed babies 'At Risk1 in heavy pesticide use areas, survey
shows. Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News 5(8):10-11.
Anon. 1977b. PCBs and child bearing. Pollution 7(1): 6.
Anon. 1978a. EPA finds polychlorinated terphenyls in human adipose tissue
samples. Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News 6(26): 20-21.
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