Establishment of Control Periods under Section 211(m)
           of the Clean Air Act as Amended
                          U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                       Office  of  Mobile Sources

                          Field  Operations  and Support Division

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 Guidance on Establishment of Control Periods under Section 211(m)  of
 the Clean Air Act as Amended

- SUMMARY:  Section 211(m) of the Clean Air Act as amended by the Clean
 Air Act Amendments of 1990 ("the Act") requires that various states
 submit revisions to their State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and
 implement an oxygenated gasoline program.  This requirement applies to
 all states with carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas with design
 values of 9.5 parts per million or more,  generally based-on data for
 1988 and 1989.  The oxygenated gasoline program must require gasoline
 in the specified control areas to contain no less than 2.7% oxygen by
 weight during that portion of the year in which the areas are prone to
 high ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide, except that a state is
 strongly encouraged to adopt an averaging program employing marketable
 oxygen credits.

      Section 211(m)(2)  requires that the Administrator specify the
 portion of the year in which the area is prone to high ambient
 concentrations of carbon monoxide.  This portion of the year ("control
 period") is to be not less than four months in length,  unless the state
 can demonstrate that based on meteorological conditions, a reduced
 period will r.ct result in sxcesdanees outs ids of such seduced, period.

      This document provides EPA guidance on control periods by area.
 This document: also discusses the geographic scope of the control areas.

      The primary determinants of the control periods are the statutory
 minimum of four months and data on exceedances of the carbon monoxide
 standard at the design value monitor in the design value year.

 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  Alfonse Mannato,  (202) 260-9040

 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

 I.   Introduction

      This document provides EPA's guidance on establishment of control
 periods for oxygenated gasoline programs under section 211(m) of the
 Act.   Section II provides the background for this guidance, with
 respect to chronology and the broad issues involved.  Section III
 presents EPA's guidance on control periods and rationale.  Comments
 received and EPA responses to those comments are also contained in
 Section III.

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II.  Background

     Section 2!l(m) of the Act requires states with carbon monoxide
(CO) nonattainment areas with design values of 9.5 parts per million or
more, based on data for the two-year period of 1988 and 1989 / to
submit revisions to their State Implementation Plans (SIPs).  Such
states must individually implement an oxygenated gasoline program in
the specified control areas requiring gasoline to meet a minimum oxygen
content of 2.7 percent by weight,  subject to a testing tolerance
established by the Administrator.   This oxygen content requirement
applies during the portion of the year, referred to as the "control
period," in which the areas are prone to high ambient concentrations of
CO.  The length of the control period, as required by section 211(m) of
the Act, is to be determined by the Administrator and shall not be less
than four months in length.  EPA may reduce the control period if a
State can demonstrate that because of meteorological conditions, a
reduced period will assure that there will be no carbon monoxide
exceedances outside of such reduced period.  The oxygen content
requirement is to cover all gasoline sold or dispensed in the larger of
the Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) or the
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in which the nonattainment area is
located.

     This document provides EPA's guidance to states regarding the
establishment of control periods for oxygenated gasoline programs,
under section 211(m) of the Act,  This guidance is a general statement
of policy.  It does not establish a binding norm and is not finally
determinative of the issues addressed.  Agency decisions in any
particular case will be made applying the law, applicable regulations
and guidelines on the basis of specific facts and actual action.  The
proper control period will also be an issue during the notice and
comment rulemaking undertaken by EPA to review individual state
submissions of oxygenated gasoline programs as SIP revisions as
required by section 211(m).

     To expedite Agency decisions in particular cases, a state
submitting a SIP revision which includes an oxygenated gasoline program
with a different proposed control period than the applicable control
period as specified in these guidelines should provide as detailed an
explanation as possible for the differences.
        1 The Agency has determined that the 1988 and 1989 data from
   several areas  is inadequate to properly characterize the ambient
   concentrations of CO.  Therefore, for these areas - Boston,
   Cleveland and  Washington D.C. - older, more representative data
   has been used.

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Regulatory Negotiation
     EPA used a Regulatory Negotiation Advisory Committee (Advisory
Committee) to aid in the development of the proposed2 and
supplemental3 guidelines published on July 9,  1991 and February 5,
1992.  For a discussion of the Regulatory Negotiation process as it
relates to development of these guidelines, please refer to the
February 5, 1992 Supplemental Notice.

III.  Guidance and Rationale

Control Periods                                 v
     In establishing an oxygenated gasoline program, the Act specifies
that oxygenated gasoline will be required during the portion of the
year in which the areas are prone to high ambient concentrations of
carbon monoxide.  The control period shall not be less than four
months.  These control- periods are to be determined by the  -      ^ —
Administrator.  EPA may reduce the control period if a state can
demonstrate, based on meteorological conditions, that a reduced period
will assure that there will be no carbon monoxide exceedances outside
of such reduced period.  Under section 211(m)(l)(B) of the Act, areas
with carbon monoxide design values of 9.5 parts per million (ppm)  or
greater for-any tiwc-year perled after *939 shall subait-SfriP revisions^ ^
establishing an oxygenated gasoline program within 18 months of such
two-year exceedance period.  EPA will address control period issues for
such areas as necessary.

     In analyzing the control period issue, the Agency has focused
primarily on the ambient monitoring data from 1988 and 1989.  The
Agency chose this time period because it is the time period specified
in § 211(m) of the Act for determining inclusion in the program.   For
areas where the Agency believes that 1988-89 ambient monitoring data is
inadequate, the Agency has focused on the ambient monitoring data  that
was used to determine that area's attainment status.  EPA has also
considered more recent data in response to comments from state
officials requesting modified control periods.

     EPA considered various approaches to calculating the period "prone
to high ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide," a phrase which the
Act does not define.  The first approach taken by EPA analyzed the
ambient monitoring data by looking at the average carbon monoxide
concentrations which occurred in 8-hour overlapping periods (Approach
I).
      2 56 FR 31151 (July 9, 1991).

      3 57 FR 4406 (February 5, 1992).

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     For each of the covered CO nonattainment areas, the five highest
days in each month were calculated and plotted for 1988 and 1989.  Bar
graphs reflecting this information for the originally-proposed 394
oxygenated gasoline areas have been placed in the docket.
Preliminary control periods under Approach I were identified by noting
those months where any of the five highest days exceeded the National
Ambient Air Quality. Standard (NAAQS) for CO.

     Examination of the • datcu.resulting,,.f rom the Approach I analysis
revealed considerable heterogeneity in the length and "temporal  '
placement of a number of areas that share fuel distribution facilities.
As a result, it was suggested that th'ere is a need to constrain this
heterogeneity to facilitate transportation logistics.  That is, where
possible, areas that share pipeline distribution systems should be
given the same control period.  In evaluating this suggestion, EPA
considered a second way of analyzing the monitoring data.

     This second approach used the exceedances of the carbon monoxide
standard at the design value monitor in the design value year (the year
in which the design value was established), to identify the months the
individual areas were prone to high ambient concentrations of carbon
monoxide.  The outer boundaries of the season in which these
exceedances at the design value monitor occurred was considered along
with the larger body of monitoring data mentioned before.
Determination of the control periods in this manner results in a
significant degree of consistency among the control periods of areas
which share oxygenate sources and transportation facilities.

     In many cases, using both approaches, the 4-month statutory
minimum length for the control period was the controlling factor, along
with the requirement that, in general, these programs begin no later
than November 1, 1992.

     The result of the second analysis, called Approach II, has been
used by the Agency as the basis for most of the control periods
established in today's guidance.  Several modifications, noted below,
were made to Approach II.  EPA's guidance on control periods by area is
set forth in Table 1.
        * In the July 9,  1991 Federal Register Notice,  this number
   was 41, not 39.  As of the current date, neither Steubenville, OH
   nor Winnebago, WI has been designated as a CO nonattainment area.
   Therefore the number of CO nonattainment areas covered by these
   guidelines is currently 39.  Both of these areas have been
   deleted from Table 1.

        5 These bar graphs appear in a document titled,  "Bar graphs
   of carbon monoxide in Non-Attainment Areas - Revised," June 7,
   1991, which is contained  in the public docket.

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      By using only data from the design value monitor  in the design
 value year and by looking only at non-overlapping  8-hour averages,
 Approach II ties the control period determination  more closely to the
. methodology used to define attainment.   Violation  of the 8-hour
 standard occurs when the second highest non-overlapping 8-hour average
 in a year exceeds the .NAAQS for CO.  In addition,  Approach  II also
 provides more logical consistency in the gasoline  distribution network.

      Using this second approach,  the eastern seaboard, with the
 exception of the New York City area, converges  on  a common  core  4-month
 period from November through February.   This same  core period prevails
 in Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts  (PADDs)6  3 and 4 and
 in a substantial portion of PADD 5.  Five areas were assigned control
 periods in excess of four months using  this approach.

      One area which merits a separate analysis  is  the  New York City
 CMSA.   Data from 19.88-89..suggested that, a control  period extending into
 the summer might be warranted in the New York City area.  Based "on this
 data,  EPA initially proposed a 12-month control period.  However,
 consideration of the area's 1990 and>1991 data  supports a shorter
 control period.   The New York State Deputy Commissioner previously
 proposed that the New York City CHSA program require 2.7% oxygen by
 weight in gasoline from November 1 to March 31,  and 2.0% oxygen  by
 weight from April 1 to October 31.   In  response to the February  5, 1991
 supplemental  notice,  comments were received from the New York State
 Department of Environmental Conservation,  the New  Jersey Department  of
 Environmental Protection and Energy,  the Connecticut Department  of
 Environmental Protection and New  York City Department  of Environmental
 Protection officials requesting a 7-month control  period based upon  the
 1990 and 1991 data.   EPA has had  extensive discussions with New  York,
 New Jersey and Connecticut state  officials, to  attempt to coordinate
 their  input regarding this issue  for their common  control area.  As  a
 result of  these  discussions,  the  requests from  the local officials,  and
        6 The definition of PADD is contained in the Petroleum
   Supply Monthly  (DOE/EIA-0109),  prepared by the  Energy  Information
   Administration, Office  of Oil and  Gas,  U.S.  Department of  Energy
   (May 1991).  The definition, which appears on page  143,  is as
   follows:

              Petroleum  Administration for Defense  (PAD)  Districts.
   Geographic          aggregations of the 50 States and  the
   District  of  Columbia into five  districts         by  the
   Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950.   These  districts
   were            originally instituted for economic and  geographic
   reasons as Petroleum         Administration for War  (PAW)
   Districts, which was established in 1942.

        A map showing PADDs by State  appears on page 110  of the
   above referenced publication.

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the fact that all carbon monoxide exceedances from 1990 and 1991
occurred between October and April, EPA's guidance indicates a 7-month
control period for the New York City control area, for the period of
October 1 through April 30.

     Based on discussions during the regulatory negotiation process,
and in accordance with the "Agreement in Principle," EPA had proposed
to modify the control periods for Grant's Pass, Medford and Klamath, in
the state of Oregon to the four months from October 1 through January
31.  This was a modification of the control period originally proposed
in the July 9, 1991 Notice.7  The ambient air data from southern
Oregon indicates high ambient concentrations for these counties in the
months of December and January.  The Agency considered additional
months given the four-month statutory minimum.  For one county,
February had somewhat lower concentrations than October, and for the
other two counties the February and October concentrations were
approximately the same.  EPA has received additional comments on this
modification in response to the February 5, 1992 supplemental notice.
The State of Oregon has requested that the control period for southern
Oregon be returned to the original November through February period.
The State believes that this control period will more accurately match
the time when these areas are prone to high ambient concentrations of
CO.

     Based on EPA's analysis of the data alone, these counties are not
prone to high ambient concentrations of CO in either October or
February.  Nevertheless, the Act requires a minimum control period of
four months.  While the statute specifies that the control period is to
constitute that time of year in which the area is prone to high ambient
CO concentrations, this criterion is insufficient for selecting whether
October or February should be included to meet the statutory minimum in
this case.  In such a case, the Agency believes it may reasonably
consider other factors, including the state's preference, where the
environmental data does not provide a substantial basis for
distinction.  The commenters were split on their choice of control
periods whether to include October of February.  Therefore, the Agency
has decided to concur with the State of Oregon's request to set the
control period from November through February.

     EPA has decided to adopt Approach II primarily because it  is more
consistent with the methodology used to determine attainment.  This  is
consistent with the statute's emphasis on attainment status and design
value, both of which are based on design monitor values.  This  approach
will also aid in the implementation of these state programs by helping
to integrate control periods for areas which share oxygenate sources
and transportation facilities.  EPA is fully confident that Approach II
reasonably reflects the period "prone to high ambient concentrations of
carbon monoxide" for the applicable areas-.
      7 56 FR 51151 (July 9, 1991).

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     Several  commenters have raised a concern regarding Litchfield
County, Connecticut.  Section 211(m) of the Act provides that the
oxygenated gasoline program should apply in the entire Metropolitan
Statistical Area  (MSA) or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area
 (CMSA) during that area's control period.  Separate parts of Litchfield
County are included in both the Hartford and New York City CMSAs.  This
problem is compounded by the fact that these two control areas are
proposed  to have  different control periods.  EPA believes that the
Connecticut SIP revisions should provide that each part of Litchfield
County be subject to the control period applicable to the MSA or CMSA
of which  it is a  part.  The state has indicated that this decision will
be acceptable to  them.

     Minnesota has requested a control period of October 15 through
February  14.   Many gasoline marketers opposed starting or ending a
control period in the middle of the month.  Their opposition was based
upon the  recordkeepihg and logistical problems that a mid-month date
would create.  Given that one of the highest ambient readings in
Minneapolis occurred on October 15, EPA does not believe that the
October control period should be shortened to exclude the first two
weeks of  October.  Also, there were no exceedences in February in the
Minnesota ambient data.  Therefore, EPA reaffirms its control period as
publTsHeci ah "February" T-T, 199~2 - October tnrougH January.  If the State'
believes  that February should be included, the State can consider
including it  as part of the control period which will be included in
its SIP revision.

     Several  commenters including the Massachusetts Department of
Environmental  Protection suggested that Boston should not be required
to implement  an oxygenated gasoline program.  These commenters did not
believe that  the .ambient monitoring data warranted implementation of an
oxygenated gasoline program in the Boston CMSA.

     EPA does  not agree with these commenters and thus strongly
believes that  the Boston CMSA is an area which is required to implement
an oxygenated  gasoline program by November 1, 1992.

     EPA believes that the monitoring data collected in Boston in 1988
and 1989 was  inadequate to properly characterize Boston's CO problem.
The CO microscale site in Boston was discontinued in June 1988 due to a
lost lease.   The  site was eventually moved to a new location and
resumed operation in January 1990.  The new site has shown no
exceedences from January 1990 through January 1992.  However, rerouting
of traffic patterns past this site for a major 10-year construction
project is scheduled to begin in May 1992, and concentrations are
expected to increase.  Since a microscale CO monitor did not operate
for 6 of the  8 calendar quarters during 1988 and 1989 and the previous
site had recorded CO exceedences in 1986, the Agency believes it is
reasonable to consider alternative data.  The alternative data that the
agency has chosen to use is the calendar year data from 1986 and 1987.
Use of this data  is consistent with current Agency policy and the
Agency's calaaification decision for Boston under Title I of the Act.

                                   8

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     Specific response to the comments concerning the accuracy and
validity of the 1986 and 1987 Boston monitoring data will be contained
in the Technical Support Document to the Title I
Designation/Classification Corrections Notice.  Using the 1986 and 1987
data, EPA concludes that the Boston CMSA has a design value of 9.8 ppm
CO and, hence, is required to implement an oxygenated gasoline program.

     The County of Sacramento has.submitted a letter in response to the
Supplemental Notice of Proposed Guidance.  The letter states that the
County would like to petition the EPA Administrator under section
211(m)(3) of the Act that the Agency alter the control period as
proposed for Sacramento from October through January to November
through February.  EPA does not believe that the ambient data warrant
such a change.  There were CO exceedances in Sacramento in October and
none in February during the 1989-1990 period.  EPA will address the
issues raised moire fully at such time as a petition is actually
received.

     A comment from the California Air Resources Board (GARB) points
out that EPA, in the proposed guidelines, stated that it will consider
recent ambient air quality data in issuing final guidelines or in
reviewing individual SIPs.  GARB recommends that the Los Angeles
control period should not include the month of September.  The reason
given is that there were no CO exceedances in September for the years
1989 to 1991.  This would result in a control period of October 1
through February 29.  EPA agrees that it would be appropriate to
eliminate the month of September from Los Angeles' control period and
has adjusted Table 1 accordingly.

Effective Date
     In the Notice of Proposed Guidance on Establishment of Control
Periods published on July 9, 1992 EPA proposed that gasoline programs
with control periods beginning in September, October,.and November
would have effective dates of September 1, 1992, October 1, 1992, and
November 1, 1992, respectively.  In addition, EPA proposed that for
areas with a control period of twelve months, the effective date will
be September 1, 1992.   Based on comments,  however,  EPA proposed in
the February 5, 1992 Supplemental Notice that the effective date for
all areas with control periods beginning on or before November 1, 1992
will be no later than November 1, 1992.

     After considering the public comments, EPA is recommending a
November 1, 1992 start date for all programs.  EPA is concerned that an
effective date prior to November 1, 1992 would afford industry and the
states insufficient time to implement the oxygenated gasoline programs.
EPA recognizes that a November 1 start date could deprive areas of air
quality benefits from the oxygenated gasoline program during that
portion of control periods prior to November 1, 1992.  In addition, EPA
recognizes that certain areas may have an effective control period in
        8 56 FR 31148,  31153 (July 9,  1991).

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the winter of  1992-93  of  less than  four  months.   Nevertheless,  EPA
believes that  the  time necessary  to successfully implement this program
this first year  justifies the November 1 start date.   In any case,
states will control periods  commencing prior to November 1 are not
precluded from starting their programs prior to the November 1
deadline.

     EPA also  believes that  the November 1,  1992 start date is
consistent with  the Act,  which provides  that the oxygenated gasoline
requirement "shall take effect no later  than November 1, 1992 (or at
such other date  during 1992  as the  Administrator establishes under the
preceding provisions of this paragraph).11

     For additional information and discussion of the issues related to
start date, the  February  5,  1992  Supplemental Notice should be
consulted.

Geographic Scope
     According to  Section 211(m)  of the  Act,  SIP revisions must be
submitted by each  State in which  there is located all or part of an
area which is designated  under Title I as a  nonattainment area for
carbon monoxide  and ^hieh has a carbon monoxide design value of 9,5 _
parts per million  (ppm) or above  based on data for the two-year period
of 1988 and 19899 and calculated according to  the most  recent
interpretation methodology issued by the Administrator prior to
enactment of the 1991  amendments  to the  Act.   These control areas are
as follows:

     1.  Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH CMSA
     2.  Hartford-New  Britain-Middletown,  CT CMSA
     3.  New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,  NY-NJ-CT CMSA
     4.  Syracuse, NY  MSA
     5.  Baltimore, MD MSA
     6.  Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton,  PA-NJ-DE-MD CMSA
     7.  Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA
     8.  Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point,  NC MSA
     9.  Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA
     10.   Raleigh-Durham,  NC MSA
     11.  Cleveland-Akron-Lorain,  OH CMSA
     12.  Duluth,  MN-WI  MSA
     13.  Minneapolis-St.  Paul, MN-WI MSA
     14.  Albuquerque,  NM  MSA
     15.  El Paso, TX MSA
     16.  Colorado  Springs, CO MSA
     17.  Denver-Boulder,  CO  CMSA
      9 The Agency has determined that the 1988 and 1989 data from several areas is
   inadequate to properly characterize the ambient concentrations of CO. Therefore, for
   these areas - Boston, Cleveland and Washington, D.C. - older, more representative
   data has been used.

                                   10

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     18. Fort Collins-Loveland, CO MSA
     19. Missoula, MT
     20. Provo-Orem, UT MSA
     21. Chico, CA MSA
     22. Las Vegas, NV MSA
     23. Fresno, CA MSA
     24. Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA CMSA
     25. Modesto, CA MSA
     26. Phoenix, AZ MSA
     27. Reno, NV MSA
     28. Sacramento, CA MSA
     29. San Diego, CA MSA
     30. San Francisco-Oakland-San .Jose, CA CMSA
     31. Stockton, CA MSA
     3 2. Anchorage, AK MSA
     33. Fairbanks, AK
     34. Grant's Pass, OR
     35. Klamath County, OR
     36. Medford, OR MSA
     37. Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA CMSA
     38. Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA
     39. Spokane, WA MSA

     Section 211(m)(2) of the Act requires that the oxygenated .gasoline
program apply to all gasoline sold or dispensed in the larger of the
CMSA or MSA in which the nonattainment area is located.  For
nonattainment areas not in a CMSA or MSA, the control area is the
nonattainment area.  The requirements of the program shall apply to
every county, or partial county which is located in the CMSA, MSA, or
nonattainment areas.  Table 2, compiled based on information from the
U.S. Census Bureau, contains a list of the counties that are covered by
these programs.  States may rely on the list of covered areas by CMSA,
MSA, or nonattainment area that appear in Table 2 for implementing
oxygenated gasoline programs in 1992.

     This requirement has caused some concern.  State officials in
Minnesota have expressed concern over the designation of the entire
Duluth MSA as requiring an oxygenated gasoline program.  Most of
northeastern Minnesota is included in.the Duluth MSA.  According to
state officials, much of this area is national wilderness area, and
therefore very rural and sparsely populated.  The state believes that
compliance with the oxygenated gasoline provisions as proposed may
prove an onerous burden for the few gasoline marketers and retailers  in
the area.

     Congress specifically mandated in the Act that these programs be
implemented in "the larger of the Consolidated Metropolitan  Statistical
Area  (CMSA) in which the [CO nonattainment] area is located, or if the
area is not located in a CMSA, the Metropolitan Statistical  Area  in
which the area is located."  Moreover, EPA does not agree that
compliance in northeastern Minnesota will be onerous since that area
already receives  its gasoline  from the Duluth area.  Therefore, as

                                  .11          -

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 stated above, Table 1 includes the entire CMSA or MSA, whichever is
 larger.

     For certain multi-state MSAs and CMSAs, the portions of one or
 more of the  states in the MSA or CMSA are not actually designated as
 being in CO  nonattainment.  For example, the Memphis CMSA extends to
 areas of Arkansas and Louisiana which are designated as attainment for
 CO.  This problem arises in a number of additional states.

     The Agency notes that section 211
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                  TABLE 1 - Guidance on Control Period
                         bv Nonattainment Area
                        November 1 - February 29

Hartford-New Britain-Middletown,  CT CMSA
Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH CMSA
Syracuse, NY MSA
Baltimore, MD MSA
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton,  PA-NJ-DE-MD CMSA
Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA
Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA
Raleigh-Durham, NC MSA
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH CMSA
Albuquerque, NM MSA
El Paso, TX MSA
Colorado Springs, CO MSA
Denver-Boulder, CO CMSA
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO MSA
Missoula, MT
Provo-Orem, UT MSA
San Diego, CA MSA
Anchorage, AK MSA
Fairbanks, AK
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA CMSA
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA
Grant's Pass, OR
Klamath County, OR
Medford, OR MSA
 N                         October 1- April 30

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT CMSA
                                   13

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                         October 1  -  January  31
Duluth, MN-WI MSA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA
Chico, CA MSA
Fresno, CA MSA
Modesto, CA MSA
Reno, NV MSA
Sacramento, CA MSA
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA CMSA
Stockton, CA MSA
                        October 1 - February 29
Las Vegas, NV MSA
Phoenix, AZ MSA
Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA CMSA
                       September 1 - February 29

Spokane, WA MSA
                                   14

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                    TABLE 2 - CMSA and MSA BY COUNTY1

Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH CMSA

     Boston, MA  PMSA:

          Bristol  County (pt)
               Mansfield Town
               Norton Town
               Raynham Town
          Essex  County   (pt)         .
               Lynn City
               Lynnfield Town
               Nahant Town
               Saugus Town
          Middlesex County  (pt)
               Acton Town
               Arlington Town
               Ashland Town
               Ayer Town
               Bedford Town
               Belmont Town
               Boxborough Town
               Burlington Town
               Cambridge Town
               Carlisle  Town
               Concord Town
               Everett City
               Framingham Town
               Framingham (CDP)
               Groton Town
               Holliston Town
               Hopkinton Town
               Hudson Town
               Lexington Town
               Lincoln Town
               Littleton Town
               Maiden City
               Marlborough City ,
               Maynard Town
               Medford City
               Melrose City
               Natick Town
               Newtown City
               North Reading Town
               Reading Town
      1 A partial county is indicated by "(pt)" following the county name. The cities and
   towns that appear below the county name are those that are included in the program
   area.
                                    15

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     Sherborn Town
     Shirley Town
     Somervi-lle City
     Stoneham Town
     Stow Town
     Sudbury Town
     Townsend Town
     Wakefield Town
     Waltham City
     Watertown Town
     Wayland Town
     Weston Town
     Wilmington Town
     Winchester Town
     Woburn City
Norfolk County  (pt)
     Bellingham Town
     Braintree Town
     Brookline Town
     Canton Town
     Cohasset Town
     Dedham Town
     Dover Town
     Foxborough Town
     Franklin Town
     Holbrook Town
     Medfield Town
     Medway Town
     Millis Town
     Milton Town
     Needham Town
     Norfolk Town
     Norwood Town
     Quincy City
     Randolph Town
     Sharon Town
     Stoughton Town
     Walpole Town
     Weliesley Town
     Westwood Town
     Weymouth Town
     Wrentham Town
Plymouth County  (pt)
     Carver Town
     Duxbury Town
     Hanover Town
     Hanson Town
     Hingham Town
     Hull Town
     Kingston Town
     Lakeville Town
     Marshfield Town
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          Middleborough Town
          Norwell Town
          Pembroke Town
          Plymouth Town
          Plympton Town
          Rockland Town
          Scituate Town
     Suffolk County
          Boston City
          Chelsea City
          Revere City
          Winthrop Town
     Worcester County  (pt)
          Berlin Town
          Bolton Town
          Harvard Town
          Hopedale Town
          Lancaster Town
          Mendon Town
          Milford Town
          Southborough Town
          Upton Town

Brockton,  MA PMSA:

     Bristol County  (pt)
          Easton Town
     Norfolk County  (pt)
          Avon Town
     Plymouth County  (pt)
          Abingdon Town
          Bridgewater Town
          Brockton City
          East Bridgewater Town
          Halifax Town
          West Bridgewater Town
          Whitman Town

Lawrence-Haverhill, MA-NH PMSA:

     Essex County, MA  (pt)
          Amesbury Town
          Andover Town
          Boxford Town
          Georgetown Town
          Groveland Town
          Haverhill City
          Lawrence City ,
          Merrimac Town
          Methuen Town
          Newbury Town
          Newburyport City
                              17

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              .North Andover Town
               Salisbury Town
               West Newbury Town

     Lowell, MA-NH PMSA:

          Middlesex County, MA  (pt)
               Billerica Town
               Chelmsford Town
               Dracut Town
               Dunstable Town
               Lowell City
               Pepperell Town
               Tewksbury Town
               Tyngsborough Town
               Westford Town

     Salem-Gloucester, MA PMSA:

          Essex County  (pt)
               Beverly City
               Danyers Town
               Essex Town
               Gloucester City
               Hamilton Town
               Ipswich Town
               Manchester Town
               Marblehead Town
               Middleton Town
               Peabody City
               Rockport Town
               Rowley Town
               Salem City
               Swampscott Town
               Topsfield Town
               Wenham Town

Cleveland-Akron-Lorain. OH CMSA

     Akron,  OH PMSA:

          Portage County
               Kent City
          Summit County
               Akron City
               Barberton City
     Cleveland,  OH PMSA:

          Cuyahoga County
               Cleveland City
          Geauga County
          Lake County
                                   18

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          Medina County

     Lorain-Elyria, OH PMSA:

          Lorain County
               Elyria City
               Lorain City

Denver-Boulder. CO CMSA

     Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA:

          Boulder County
               Boulder City
               Longmont City

     Denver, CO PMSA:

          Adams County
          Arapahoe County
          Denver County
               Denver City
          Douglas County
          Jefferson County

Hartford-New Britain-Middletown. CT CMSA

     Bristol, CT PMSA:

          Hartford County   (pt)
               Bristol Town
          Bristol City
               Burlington Town
          Litchfield County  (pt)
               Plymouth Town

     Hartford, CT PMSA:

          Hartford County   (pt)
               Avon Town
               Bloomfield Town
               Canton Town
               East Granby Town
               East Hartford Town
               East Windsor Town
               Enfield Town
               Farmington Town
               Glastonbury  Town
               Granby Town
               Hartford Town
                                   19

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      Hartford Gity
           Manchester  Town
           Marlborough Town
           Newington Town
           Rocky Hill  Town
           Simsbury  Town
           South Windsor Town
           Suffield  Town
           West Hartford Town
           Wethersfield Town
           Windsor Town
           Windsor Locks Town
      Litchfield County (pt)
           Barkhamsted Town
           New Hartford Town
      Middlesex County (pt)
           East Haddam Town
      New London County (pt)
           Colchester  Town
      Tolland  County  (pt)
           Andover Town
           Bolton Town
          'Columbia'  Town
           Coventry  Town
           Ellington Town
           Hebron Town
           Somers Town
           Stafford  Town
           Tolland Town
           Vernon Town
           Willington  Town

Middletown, CT PMSA:

     Middlesex County (pt)
           Cromwell  Town
           Durham Town
          East  Hampton Town
          Haddam Town
          Middlefield  Town
          Middletown  Town
     Middletown City
           Portland  Town

New Britain, CT PMSA:

     Hartford  County   (pt)
           Berlin Town
          New  Britain Town
     New Britain City
          Plainville  Town
          Southington  Town
                              20

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Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside. CA CMSA

     Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA:

          Orange County
               Anaheim City
               Santa Ana City

     Los Angeles-Long Beach,CA PMSA:

          Los Angeles County
               Burbank City
               Long Beach City
               Los Angeles City
               Pasadena City
               Pomona City

     Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSA:

          Ventura County
               Oxnard City
               San Buenaventura  (Ventura) City

     Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA:

          Riverside County
               Palm Springs City
               Riverside City
          San Bernardino County
               San Bernadirio City

New York - Northern New Jersey- Long Island NY-NJ-CT CMSA

     Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA:

          Bergen County
          Passaic County
               Paterson City

     Bridgeport-Milford, CT PMSA:

          Fairfield County   (pt)
               Bridgeport Town
          Bridgeport City
               Easton Town
               Fairfield Town
               Monroe Town
               Shelton Town
               Stratford Town
               Trumbull Town
                                   21

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      New Haven  County   (pt)
           Ansonia  Town
           Beacon Falls  Town
           Derby Town
           Milford  Town
           Milford  City
           Oxford Town
           Seymour  Town

 Danbury,  CT  PMSA:

      Fairfield  County   (pt)
           Bethel Town
           Brookfield Town
           Danbury  Town
      Danbury City
           New Fairfield Town
           Newtown  Town
           Redding  Town
           Ridgefield Town
           Sherman  Town
      Lifechfield County  , (,pt)
           Bridgewater Town
           New Milford Town

Jersey City, NJ PMSA:

      Hudson  County
           Hoboken  City
           Jersey City

Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA:

      Hunterdon  County
      Middlesex  County
           New Brunswick City
           Perth Amboy City
      Somerset County

Monmouth-Ocean  City, NJ PMSA:

      Monmouth County
      Ocean County

Nassau-Suffolk  County,  NY PMSA:

      Nassau  County
      Suffolk County
                              22

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New York, NY PMSA:

     Bronx County
          New York City (pt)
     Kings County
          New York City (pt)
     New York County
          New York City-(pt)
     Putnam County
     Queens County
          New York City (pt)
     Richmond County
          New York City (pt)
     Rockland County
     Westchester County
          White Plains City

Newark, NJ PMSA:

     Essex County
          Newark City
     Morris County
     Sussex County
     Union County
          Elizabeth City

Norwalk, CT PMSA:

     Fairfield County  (pt)
          Norwalk Town
     Norwalk City
          Weston Town
          Westport Town
          Wilton Town

Orange County, NY PMSA:

     Orange County

Stamford, CT PMSA:

     Fairfield County  (pt)
          Darien Town
          Greenwich Town
          New Canaan Town
          Stamford Town
     Stamford City
                              23

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Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-DE-NJ-MD PMSA;

     Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA:

          Bucks County, PA
          Chester County, PA
          Delaware County, PA
          Montgomery County, PA
               Norristown Borough
         - Philadelphia County, PA
               Philadelphia City
          Burlington County, NJ
          Camden County, NJ
               Camden City
          Gloucester County, NJ

     Trenton, NJ PMSA:

          Mercer County
               Trenton City

     Vineland-Millyille-Bridgeton, NJ PMSA:

          Cumberland County
               Bridgeton City
               Millville City
               Vineland City

     Wilmington,  DE-NJ-MD PMSA:

          Salem County, NJ

Portland-Vancouver.  OR-WA CMSA

     Portland, OR PMSA:

          Clackamas County
               Portland City (pt)
          Multnomah County
               Portland City (pt)
          Washington County
               Portland City (pt)
          Yamhill County

     Vancouver, WA PMSA:

          Clark County
               Vancouver City
                                   24

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San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA CMSA

     Oakland, CA PMSA:

          Alameda County
               Berkeley City
               Livermore City
               Oakland. City  .

          Contra Costa County

     San Francisco, CA PMSA:

          Marin County
          San Francisco County
               San Francisco City
          San Mateo County

     San Jose, CA PMSA:

          Santa Clara County
               Palo Alto City
               San Jose City

     Santa Cruz, CA PMSA:

          Santa Cruz County
               Santa Cruz City

     Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA PMSA:

          Sonoma County
               Petaluroa City
               Santa Rosa City

     Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA:

          Napa County
               Napa City
          Solano County
               Fairfield City
               Vallejo City

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA:

     Seattle, WA PMSA:

          King County
               Auburn City
               Seattle City
          Snohomish County
               Everett City

                                   25

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     Tacoma, WA PMSA:

          Pierce County
               Tacoma City

Albuquerque. NM MSA

          Bernalillo County
               Albuquerque City

Anchorage. AK MSA

          Anchorage Borough
               Anchorage City

Baltimore. MD MSA

          Anne Arundel County
               Annapolis City
          Baltimore County
          Baltimore City
          Carroll County
          Harford County
          Howard County
          Queen Annes County
          Baltimore City

Chico. CA MSA

          Butte County
               Chico City

Colorado Springs. CO MSA

          El Paso County
               Colorado Springs City

Duluth. MN-WI MSA

          St. Louis County, MN
               Duluth City
El Paso. TX MSA-

          El Paso County
               El Paso City
                                   26

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Fort Collins. Loveland. CO MSA

          Larimar County
               Fort Collins City
               Loveland City

Fresno, CA MSA

          Fresno County
               Fresno City

Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point. NC MSA

          Davidson County
               High Point City (pt)
          Davie County
          Forsyth County
               Winston-Salem City
          Guilf.ord County
               Greensboro City
               High Point City (pt)
          Randolph County
               High Point City (pt)
          Stokes County
          Yadkin County

Las Veaas. NV MSA

          Clark County
               Las Vegas City
Medford. OR MSA

          Jackson County
               Medford City

Memphis. TN-AR-MS MSA

          Shelby County, TN
               Memphis City
          Tipton County, TN

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA

          Anoka, County, MN
          Carver County, MN
          Chisago county, MN
          Dakota County, MN
          Hennepin County, MN
                Bloomington City
                Minneapolis City
          Isanti County, MN
                                   27

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           Ramsey  County, MN
                St.  Paul City
           Scott County, MN
           Washington  County,  MN
           Wright  County, MN
Modesto.  CA MSA

           Stanislaus  County
               Modesto City
               Turlock City
Phoenix.  AZ MSA

           Maricopa County
               Mesa City
               Phoenix City
               Scottsdale City
               Tempe  City

Provo-Orem. UT MSA

           Utah County
               Orem City
               Provo City

Raleigh-Durham. NC MSA

           Durham County
               Chapel Hill Town  (pt)
               Durham City
           Franklin County
           Orange County
               Chapel Hill Town  (pt)
          Wake County
               Raleigh City

Reno. NV MSA

          Washoe County
               Reno City

Sacramento. CA MSA

          El Dorado County
           Placer County
           Sacramento County
               Sacramento City
           Yolo County
               Davis City
               Woodland City

                                   28

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San Diego, CA MSA

          San Diego County
               Escondido City
               San Diego City
Spokane. WA MSA

          Spokane County
               Spokane City

Stockton. CA MSA

          San Joaquin County
               Lodi City
               Stockton City

Syracuse. NY MSA

          Madison County
          Onondaga County
               Syracuse City
          Oswego County

Washington. DC-MD-VA MSA

          District of Columbia
               Washington City
          Calvert County, MD
          Charles County, MD
          Frederick County, MD
               Frederick City
          Montgomery County, MD
          Prince Georges County,
          Arlington County, VA
               Arlington (CDP)
          Fairfax County, VA
          Loudon County, VA
          Prince William County,
          Stafford County, VA
          Alexandria City, VA
          Fairfax City, VA
          Falls Church City, VA
          Manassas City, VA
          Manassas Park City, VA
MD
VA
                                   29

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Other  CO Nonattainroent  Areas Required to  Implement: Oxygenated Gasoline
Programs2;         .


     Missoula,  MT
     Fairbanks,  AK
     Grant's  Pass, OR
     Klamath  Co., OR
      2 Please see the November 6, 1991 Federal Register Notice on Air Quality
   Designations (56 FR 56694 November 6, 1991) for a more detailed definition of the
   boundaries for these CO nonattainment areas. This notice is scheduled to be updated
   shortly.

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