United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/3-78-119
December 1978
Air
&EPA
Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC)
Species Data Manual
-------
For EPA-450/3-78-119,
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual
PLEASE NOTE
In the production process, this volume underwent changes that make
the text inconsistent with its index. What is Chapter 6 in the text is
referred to in the index as Chapter 9. Properly, Chapter 6 should be
changed to Chapter 9, because chapter numbers should reflect Source
Classification Code (SCC) categories. Pages 6-01-1 through 6-49-10
should be changed to 9-01-1 through 9-49-10. Profile table numbers and
SCC numbers in this chapter should also be changed, with the initial
number of each being 9, not 6.
It should be noted that SCCs beginning with 9 were artifically
derived as a miscellaneous category associated with this project and
are not associated with the National Emissions Data System (NEDS).
-------
EPA-450/3-78-119
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Species Data Manual
by
Harry W. Bucon, Joseph F. Macko, Harold J. Taback
KVB Engineering, Inc.
17332 Irvine Blvd.
Tustin, California 92680
Contract No. 68-02-3029
EPA Project Officer: Frank M. Noonan
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
December 1978
-------
This report is issued by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to
report technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies
are available free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors
and grantees, and nonprofit organizations- in limited quantities - from
the Library Services Office (MD-35), Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from the National Technical Information
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
KVB Engineering, Inc., 17332 Irvine Blvd., Tustin, CA 92680, in
fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-3029. The contents of this report are
reproduced herein as received from KVB Engineering, Inc. The opinions,
findings and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not
necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of
company or product names is not to be considered an endorsement by the
Environmental Protection Agency.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-78-119
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
KVB acknowledges the participation of the following members of
their staff:
H. J. Taback Program Manager
H. W. Bucon Project Engineer
J. Macko Project Staff
T. W. Sonnichsen Project Staff
M. J. Berlant Final Editor
J. M. Breuer Clerical
KVB also acknowledges the participation of their subcontractor
Abacus Programming Corporation, Santa Monica, California and the following
members of their staff:
J. L. Stredler Systems Analyst
Z. Kulick Data Processing
iii 26200-795
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CONTENTS
Section
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX
SCC SUMMARY INDEX
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX
PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS/PROFILES
REFERENCE DATA
Chemical File by SAROAD Code
Chemical File by Chemical Classification
Organic Species by Sources
NEDS Source Classification Codes
Area Source Categories
Boiling Point Range Compounds
EMISSION PROFILE DEVELOPMENT
SAMPLE PROFILE CALCULATION DEVELOPMENT
Page
ii
iii
1
2
1
14
35
1.01-1
Appendix I
I-A
I-B
I-C
I-D
I-E
I-F
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
iv
26200-795
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) SPECIES DATA MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to prepare a manual that (1) summarizes
the available species information on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from
stationary and mobile sources in a format useful to the air pollution control
community in general, and especially those preparing emission inventories for
photochemical models, and (2) provides documentation on the derivation of
each of the specie profile tables included herein.
KVB has reviewed the VOC species material prepared for the California
Air Resources Board (GARB), as well as mobile source data from reports
supplied by the EPA in order to tabulate and reference these data. A data
table format has been developed that depicts the species data for each source
in a manner to facilitate the allocation of all VOC's into reactivity classes
as. required by various photochemical models. This table also includes the
following information for each VOC identified: SAROAD code, chemical name
and classification, molecular weight, and percent concentration by weight
and volume.
26200-795
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SUMMARY
MANUAL ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY INDEX
This manual contains approximately 175 unique VOC emission profiles
for controlled and uncontrolled point and area stationary sources. Also
included are profiles for mobile sources (a composite for gasoline, one for
diesel fuel and another composite profile based on gasoline and diesel
fueled vehicles).
The 175 profiles for stationary and area sources have been organized
using the National Emission Data System (NEDS) Source Classification Codes
(SCC) category numbering system and descriptive headings as listed in Volume
V of the Aeros Manual, and as also contained in Appendix C of AP-42, as well
as Appendix I of this manual. Where more than one SCC could be assigned to
a specific profile, the lowest -applicable SCC was used rather than duplicate
the profile for each applicable SCC.
A profile table/summary index has been developed that includes
the following information:
a) SCC Category Section Numbers
b) Descriptive Titles
c) KVB Profile Key Numbers
d) Table Numbers
e) Page Numbers for Sections and Profiles
f) AP-42 Section References
g) Applicable SCC Numbers for each Profile
For convenience to the user, this summary index has also been organized
separately into the following:
a) Alphabetically by Profile Title
b) Numerically by Applicable SCC Number
2 26200-795
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Report Format Summary
Each emission profile or series of related profiles is preceded by
a brief description for proper utilization of the profile.(s) . The documen-
tation of these profiles is in the form of a mini-report for each SCC category
for which profiles were available. These mini-reports are similar to the
sections found in AP-42 and each report has been organized as follows:
a) Process Description—A brief description of the process involved
but enough information to include limits and applications.
b) Emissions—Reference to the applicable section in AP-42, or
inclusion of emission data and factors when they were known.
c) Controls or Process Modification--A brief description of control
equipment or process modification and their effect on the profile.
d) Profile Basis—An explanation of how the profile was developed;
how many and what kind of tests, questionnaire data, literature
data, engineering judgement, assumptions, etc.
e) Data Qualification—A description of any limitations or
restrictions on profile use.
f) References—-Careful documentation of reports, published data and
names and titles of personal contacts.
Items a) through e) above precede the profiles in the mini-report. Item f)
"references" will be found after the profiles for each category or, in some
cases, at the end of a series of similar categories.
Data Table Format Summary
Data tables have been developed that summarize the most important
emission profile data for each source category. The data table format has
been organized to present the data so that they can be readily utilized by
the air pollution control community in general as well as the photochemical
modeler. Each data table contains the following information:
1. General Information
a) Date
b) Table number
c) Descriptive title
d) Data confidence level
3 26200-795
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e) Control device information
f) Process modification when appropriate
g) Method of obtaining profile data
h) References used to develop profile data
i) Applicable SCC categories
2. Specific Information for Each Species
a) SAROAD code
b) Chemical name
c) Molecular weight
d) Percent concentration by weight
e) Percent concentration by volume
f) Chemical classification
3. Specific Information for Each Chemical Classification
a) Number of compounds in each classification
b) Average molecular weight for each classification
c) Average weight percent for each classification
d) Average volume percent for each classification
e) Average molecular weight of composite compound
Chemical Classification Summary
The chemical classification for each specie listed in the profile
data tables has been categorized according to recommendations by John E.
Summerhays of the EPA's Source Receptor Analysis Branch, at Research Triangle
Park. The chemical classification for each species is as follows:
1) Paraffin
2) Olefin
3) Aromatic
4) Carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones)
5) Miscellaneous such as:
Esters Acetylene Nitriles
Alcohols Amines Etc.
Ethers Amides
Acids
6) Methane
7) Non-reactive other than methane
(Reference Federal Register July 8, 1977)
Ethane
Trichloromethane (chloroform)
Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Diethylene dibromide
26200-795
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Acetonitrile
Methyl chloride
1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
1,1,2-trichloroethane
Ethylene dichloride
Benzene
Data Confidence Level Summary
Data confidence levels for each profile table have been expressed
using Roman Numerals I through V as follows:
I. High Degree of Confidence—
Based on a composite of many tests so that the data are highly
representative of the population.
II. Above Average Confidence—
Based on a moderate number of tests or questionnaires which
indicate that the data are reasonably representative of the
population.
III. Average Confidence—
Based on data which seems reasonable and should be more or less
representative of the population.
IV. Below Average Confidence—
Based on a little data but not sufficient enough to necessarily
be representative of the population.
V. Low Degree of Confidence—
Results are highly judgemental and could vary significantly
from source to source.
Appendices
There are three appendices at the end of this manual which the user
may wish to refer to. Appendix I is a reference data section that contains
the following useful information:
A) Chemical File Sorted by SAROAD Code
B) Chemical File Sorted by Chemical Classification
C) Organic Species by Sources
D) NEDS Source Classification Codes
E) Area Source Categories
F) Boiling Point Range Compounds
26200-795
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Appendix II is also a reference section but which describes emission
profile development by means of field tests, industry questionnaires and
literature data.
Appendix III describes by 'Stepwise calculations how emission profiles
were developed for volume percents and average molecular weights from weight
percent data.
26200-795
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX
Section
No.
Title
Profile
Key No.
Table No.
Page AP-42
No. Section
1-01 EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILERS
RESIDUAL OIL
1-01-004
1.01-1
1.01-3 1.3
DISTILLATE OIL
0002
1-01-005 1.01-4 1.3
NATURAL GAS
0003
1-01-006
1.01-5 1.4
REFINERY GAS
COKE OVEN GAS
0004
0005
1-01-007
1-02-008
1.01-6 N/A
1.01-7 H/A
NJ
O
O
Applicable SCC
1-01-004-01,
1-02-004-01,
1-03-004-02,
1-05-001-04
1-05-002-04
3-90-004-01,
3-90-999-98
1-01-005-01,
1-02-005-01,
1-03-005-01,
1-05-001-05
1-05-002-05
3-90-005-01,
3-90-005-05,
1-01-006-01,
1-01-997-99
1-01-999-97
1-02-006-01,
1-02-010-02
1-02-999-97
1-03-006-01,
1-03-010-03
1-03-997-99
1-03-999-97
1-05-001-06
1-05-002-06
3-02-007-99
3-02-008-99
3-02-009-02
3-02-012-01,
3-97-020-99
3-90-OO6-01,
3-90-006-07,
3-90-007-99
3-90-010-99
3-90-999-97,
1-01-007-01,
1-02-007-01,
1-02-008-02
3-90-007-02
3-90-008-01,
-02, -03
-02 , -03
-03
-02, -03, -05,
-02, -03
-02, -03
-02, -03
-02, -03, -04
-07, -08, -09,
-02, -03
-02, -03
-02, -03
-03, -99
-02, -03, -05,
-08, -09, -31,
-99
-02
-02, -03
-99
-99
-99
-06
-99
Ul
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
NJ
NJ
CTi
ro
O
o
1
•^J
10
LT1
Section
No. Title
2-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
NATURAL GAS TURBINE
DIESEL FUEL, RECIPROCATING
DISTILLATE OIL, RECIPROCATING
NATURAL GAS, RECIPROCATING
NATURAL GAS, 30 HP RECIP.
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MFG.
VARNISH MFC — BODYING OIL
PLASTICS, PVC-GENERAL
PLASTICS, POLYPROPYLENE-GENERAL
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE-WASTE SUMP
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE-CONTROLLED
PRINTING INK COOKING, GENERAL
AUTOMOTIVE TIRES,
TUBER ADHESIVE
AUTO TIRES, TUBER ADHESIVE,
WHITE SIDEWALL
SYNTHETIC RUBBER, AUTO TIRE
PRODUCTION
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE, DIRECT
CHLORINATION
OTHER, FLARES
Profile
Key No.
0007
0008
0009
0010
0308
0066
0067
0068
0071
0276
0072
0272
0273
0274
0078
0079
Tabte No.
2-O1-002
2-01-003
2 -O2 -001
2-02-002 A
2-02-002 B
3-01-015
3-01-018 A
3-01-018 B
3-01-019 A
3-01-019 B
3-01-020
3-01-026 A
3-01-026 B
3-01-026 C
3-01-125
3-01-999
Page
No.
2.01-1
2.01-3
2.01-4
2.01-5
2.01-6
2.01-7
3.01-1
3.01-3
3.01-7
3.01-8
3.01-12
3.01-13
3.01-17
3.01-21
3.01-22
3.01-23
3.01-28
3.01-32
AP-42
Section
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
5.10
5.13
5.13
5.12
5.12
5.14
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Applicable SCC
2-01-002-01,
2-01-003-01,
2-02-001-02
2-02-002-02
2-02-002-02
3-01-015-01
3-01-018-01
3-01-018-02
3-01-019-03
3-01-019-03
3-01-020-01,
3-01-026-20
3-01-026-20
3-01-125-02,
3-01-999-99
2-02-002-01
2-02-004-01
-99
-99
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
CTi
IsJ
O
O
Section
No.
3-02
3-03
3-05
Profile
Title Key No.
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, FOOD/AGRICULTURE
FERMENTATION-BEER 0211
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PRIMARY METALS
METALLURGICAL COKE MFG.,
BY-PRODUCT PROCESS, COKE OVEN
STACK GAS 0011
IRON PRODUCTION, BLAST FURNACE ORE
CHARGING 4 AGGLOMERATE CHARGING 0012
IRON SINTERING 0013
STEEL PRODUCTION, OPEN HEARTH
WITH OXYGEN LANCE 0306
STEEL PRODUCTION, OPEN HEARTH
WITH OXYGEN LANCE-CONTROLLED 0014
STEEL PRODUCTION. BASIC OXYGEN
FURNACE 0016
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT ROOFING, BLOWING OPERATION 0021
ASPHALT ROOFING, DIPPING 0022
ASPHALT ROOFING, SPRAYING 0023
ASPHALT ROOFING, TAR KETTLE 0024
ASPHALT CONCRETE, ROTARY DRYER
NATURAL GAS FIRED 0025
ASPHALT CONCRETE, IN-PLACE
ROAD ASPHALT 0026
Page
Table No. No.
3.02-1
3-02-009 3.02-3
3.03-1
3-03-O03 3.03-4
3-03-006 A 3.03-8
3-03-008 B 3.03-9
3-03-009 A 3.03-13
3-03-009 B 3.03-14
3-03-009 C 3.03-15
3.05-1
3-05-001 A 3.05-4
3-05-O01 B 3.05-5
3-05-001 C 3.05-6
3-05-001 D 3.05-7
3-05-002 A 3.05-11
3-05-002 B 3.05-12
AP-42
Section
6.5
7.2
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
8.2
8.2
8.2
N/A
8.1
8.1
Applicable SCC
3-02-009-03
3-03-003-01, -O2, -03
'3-03-003-04, -05, -06
3-03-008-01, -O2
3-03-008-03
3-03-009-01
3-03-009-01
3-03-009-03
3-0 5-OO 1-01
3-05-001-02, -04
3-05-001-03
3-05-001-99
3-05-002-01
3-05-002-02
-J
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Section
No.
Title
Profile
Key No.
Page
No.
AP-42
Section
Applicable SCG
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
REFINERY, FCC, CO BOILER
3-06-002
3.06-1
3.06-4
3-06-002-01
REFINERY, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS,
DRAINAGE/SEPARATION PITS,
COVERED, CRUDE OIL f. GAS
0031
3-06-005
3.06-7 9.1
3-06-005-01
REFINERY FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
COOLING TOWERS
3-06-007
3.06-10 9.1
3-06-007-01
REFINERY MISCELLANLOUS,
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, COMPOSITE
0316
3-06-008 A 3.06-13 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, GASOLINE 0317
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, CRACKED GASOLINE 0319
3-06-008 B 3.06-14 9.1
3-06-008 C 3.06-15 9.1
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, GAS-OIL STOCK
0322
3-06-008 D 3.06-16 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, REFORMATS STOCK
0309
3-06-008 E 3.06-17 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, DISTILLATE
3-06-008 F 3.06-18 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, NAPHTHA
3-06-008 G 3.06-19 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
REFINERY GAS
0324
3-06-008 H 3.06-20 9.1
3-06-008-01
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PIPE/VALVE
FLANGES, NATURAL GAS
0323
3-06-008 J 3.06-21 9.1
3-06-008-01
O
O
I
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, VALVES &
FLANGES, WET t DRY NATURAL GAS 0041
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, VALVES &
FLANGES, GAS PLANT 0036
MISCELLANEOUS, WET GAS VALVE FROM
TRAPS, WET NATURAL GAS, COMPOSITE 0042
MARKETING, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS,
RELIEF VALVES, LIQUIFIED
PETROLEUM GAS 0047
3-06-008 1C 3.06-22 9.1
3-06-008 L 3.06-23 9.1
3-06-008 M 3.06-24 9.1
3-06-003 N 3.06-25 9.1
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-02
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
to
cn
NJ
o
o
I
Section Profile Page AP-42
No. Title KeV No- Table Mo. No. Section
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
(CONTINUED)
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, COMPOSITE 0321 3-06-008 P 3.06-28 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, STRAIGHT RUN GASOLINE 0312 3-06-008 Q 3.06-29 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, CRACKED GASOLINE 0310 3-06-008 R 3.06-30 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, GAS-OIL STOCK 0313 3-06-008 S 3.06-31 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, REFORMATS STOCK 0314 3-06-008 T 3.06-32 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, DISTILLATE 0311 3-06-008 U 3.06-33 9.1
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP
SEALS, NAPHTHA 0315 3-06-008 V 3.06-34 9.1
MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP SEALS,
NATURAL GASOLINE 0043 3-06-008 W 3.06-35 9.1
MISCELLANEOUS, PUMP SEALS,
GASOLINE 0038 3-06-008 X 3.06-36 9.1
MISCELLANEOUS, COMPRESSOR SEALS,
WET AND DRY NATURAL GAS 0044 3-06-008 Y 3.06-37 9.1
MISCELLANEOUS, COMPRESSOR SEALS,
REFINERY GAS 0039 3-06-008 Z 3.06-38 9.1
REFINERY FLARES, NATURAL GAS 0051 3-06-009 3.06-41 9.1
REFINERY, CATALYTIC REFORMER,
GENERAL FUGITIVE EMISSIONS 0053 3-06-013 3.06-43 9.1
Applicable SCC
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-04
3-06-008-04
3-06-009-01
3-06-013-01
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
en
M
o
o
i
Section Profile
No. Title Key No. Table No.
3-30 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
FABRIC DYEING, GENERAL 0060 3-30-001
3-90 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, IN PROCESS FUEL
PROCESS GAS, COKE OVEN
BLAST FURNACE GAS 0217 3-90-007
4-01 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
DRY CLEANING, 1, 1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE 0087 4-01-001 A
DRY CLEANING, STODDARD SOLVENT 0086 4-01-001 B
DRY CLEANING, PERCHLOROETHYLENE 0085 4-01-001 C
DECREASING, TRICHLOROETHANE 0088 4-01-002 A
DECREASING, DICHLOROMETHANE 0275 4-01-002 B
DECREASING, TRICHLOROETHYLENE 0271 4-01-002 C
DECREASING, TOLUENE 0090 4-01-002 D
DECREASING, TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE 0088 4-01-002 E
DECREASING, TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
(FREON 113) 0277 4-01-O02 F
4-02 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PAINT, POLYMERIC (HOT AIR DRIED) 0125 4-02-001 A
PAINT SOLVENT, ACETONE 0219 4-02-001 B
PAINT SOLVENT, ETHYL ACETATE 0220 4-02-001 C
PAINT SOLVENT, METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0221 4-02-001 D
Page
No.
3. 30-1
3.30-2
3.90-1
3.90-3
4.01-1
4.01-4
4.01-5
4.01-6
4.01-10
4.01-11
4.01-12
4.01-13
4.01-14
4.01-15
4.02-1
».02-5
4.02-6
4.02-7
4.02-8
AP-42
Section
N/A
N/A
4.1
4.1
4.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4. J.
4.2
4.2
4.2
Applicable SCC
3-30-001-99
3-90-O07-01
4-01-O01-99
4-01-O02-02
4-01-001-02
4-01-002-O1
4-O1-001-01
4-01-002-03
4-01-002-O2
4-01-002-04
4-01-002-05
4-01-002-06
4-01-002-99
4-01-O02-99
4-02-001-01
4-02-O01-02
4-02-O03-02
4-02-004-02
4-02-009-02
4-02-001-03
4-02-003-03
4-02-004-03
4-02-001-04
4-02-005-03
4-02-007-02
4-02-009-1S
VARNISH/SHELLAC, GENERAL
4-02-003 A
4.02-9
4-02-003-01
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PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
to
o
a
Section
No. Title
4-02 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
(CONTINUED)
VARNISH/SHELLAC, VARNISH RESIN
VARNISH/SHELLAC, LXB-221,
AIR CONVERTING VARNISH
COMPOSITE, VARNISH/SHELLAC, A. BROWN
CO., BROLITE, MIL-V-173B,
TT-V-109B
VARNISH/SHELLAC, XYLENE
LACQUER, PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS AND
CONTAINERS
LACQUER, METAL FURNITURE
LACQUER, LXB-472-E SEMIGLOSS
TOP COAT
LACQUER, AIRCRAFT COATING
LACQUER, AIRCRAFT PARTS
LACQUER, PLASTIC COATING
ENAMEL, GENERAL COMPOSITE
ENAMEL, POLYESTER, WDDIFIED ACRYLIC
ENAMEL, COMPOSITE FOR WOOD FURNITURE
ENAMEL, AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
ENAMEL, CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
Prof il ft
Key No.
0132
0278
0133
0223
0149
0148
0147
0155
0146
0150
0156
0159
0157
0164
0222
Page AP-42
Table No. No. Section
4-02-003 B 4.02-10 4.2
4-02-003 C 4.02-11 4.2
4-02-003 D 4.02-12 4.2
4-02-003 E 4.02-13 4.2
4-02-004 A 4.02-14 4.2
4-02-004 B 4.02-15 4.2
4-02-004 C 4.02-16 4.2
4-02-004 D 4.02-17 4.2
4-02-004 E 4.02-18 4.2
4^02-004 F 4.02-19 4.2
4-02-005 A 4.02-20 4.2
4-02-005 B 4.02-21 4.2
4-02-005 C 4.02-22 4.2
4-02-005 D 4.02-23 4.2
4-02-005 E 4.02-24 4.2
Applicable S<
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-05
4-02-009-24
4-02-004-01,
4-02-004-01,
4-02-004-01,
4-02-004-01,
4-02-004-01
4-02-006-99
4-02-004-01,
4-02-005-01,
4-02-005-01,
4-02-005-01,
4-02-005-01,
4-02-005-02
4-02-009-07
;c
-99
-99
-99
-99
-99
-99
-99
-99
-99
PRIMER, GENERAL
PRIMER, PAHERBOARD PRODUCTS
& CONTAINERS
PRIMER, fiETAL FURNITURE
0134 4-02-006 A 4.02-25 4.2
0137 4-02-006 B 4.02-2b 4.2
0136 4-02-006 C 4.02-27 4.2
4-02-006-01, -9
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
to
CTi
KJ
O
o
I
Section
No. Title
4-02 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
(CONTINUED)
PRIMER, RED OXIDE SHOP COAT,
KOPPERS P-470-A-66
PRIMER, WATER BASED AUTOMOTIVE
PAINT SPRAY BOOTH
PRIMER, BLACK KOPPERS A-1131-66
PRIMER NAPHTHA
PRIMER, MINERAL SPIRITS
PRIMER, MINERAL SPIRITS, SPECIATION
PRIMER, SHELL M-75
ADHESIVES, LABEL
ADHESIVE, METAL FURNITURE
ADHESIVE, AUTOMOTIVE VINYL TOP
SPRAY BOOTH
ADHESIVES, FOSTER BOND SEAL NO. 107
ADHESIVE, BENZENE
CITRUS COATING WAX, BROGDEX 502
CITRUS COATING WAX,
FLAVORSEAL 320-1820
CITRUS COATING WAX,
FLAVORSEAL 115-1800
COATING OVEN, METAL PARTS, GENERAL
COATING OVEN, WATER BASED AUTOMOTIVE
PRIMER, NATURAL GAS FIRED
COATING OVEN, ZINC CHROMATE INFRARED
DRYER
Profile
Key No.
0331
0280
0281
0282
0283
0225
0284
0141
0142
0285
0145
0287
0293
0294
0295
0092
0279
0056
Table No.
4-02-006 D
4-02-006 E
4-02-006 T
4-02-OO6 G
4-02-006 H
4-02-006 J
4-02-006 K
4-02-007 A
4-02-007 B
4-02-007 C
4-02-007 D
4-02-007 E
4-02-999 A
4-02-999 B
4-02-999 C
4-O2-008 A
4-02-008 B
4-02-008 C
Page
No.
4.02-28
4.02-29
4.02-30
4.02-31
4.02-32
4.02-33
4.02-34
4.02-35
4.02-36
4.02-37
4.02-38
4.02-39
4.02-40
4.02-41
4.02-42
4.02-47
4.02-"8
4.02-49
AP-42
Section
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Applicable SCC
4-02-036-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-02
4-02-007-05
4-C2-009-21
4-05-003-07
4-02-006-04
4-02-009-20
4-05-002-O3
4-05-004-02
4-OS-005-08
4-02-006-04
4-02-006-99
4-02-007-01
4-02-007-01
4-02-007-01
4-02-007-01, -99
4-02-007-O4
4-02-999-99
4-02-999-99
4-02-999-99
4-02-008-01
4-02-008-03
4-02-008-99
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
M
O1
M
O
O
I
-J
Section Profile
No. Title Key No.
4-07 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
(CONTINUED)
COATING OVEN, ADHESIVE, AUTOMOBILE
VINYL TOP, NATURAL GAS FIRED 0286
COATING OVEN, ENAMEL GENERAL °162
COATING OVEN, LACQUER AUTOMOTIVE 0154
SOLVENT, GENERAL 0096
SOLVENT, BUTYL ACETATE 0288
SOLVENT, BUTYL ALCOHOL 0289
SOLVENT , CELLOSOLVE 0290
SOLVENT, DIMETHYL FORMftMIDE 0292
SOLVENT, ETHYL ALCOHOL 0226
SOLVENT, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 0227
SOLVENT, ISOPROPYL ACETATE 0228
SOLVENT, LACTOL SPIRITS 0229
SOLVENT, METHYL ALCOHOL 0291
4-03 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM
PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, GASOLINE COMPOSITE 0098
WORKING & BREATHING LOSSES
FIXED POOF, GASOLINE BREATHING, 0187
FCC UNIT & REFORMER BLEND
PRODUCTION, FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE
PROFILE FOR CRUDE OIL 0296
Page
Table No. No.
4-02-008D 4.02-50
4-02-008E 4.02-51
4-02-008F 4.02-52
4-02--009 A 4.02-56
4-02-009 B 4.02-57
4-02-009 C 4.02-58
4-02-009 D 4.02-59
4-02-009 E 4.02-60
4-02-009 F 4.02-61
4-02-009 G 4.02-62
4-02-009 H 4.02-63
4-02-009 J 4.02-64
4-02-009 K 4.02-65
4-03-001 A 4.03-10
4-03-001 E 4.03-11
4-03-001 C 4.03-12
AP-42
Section
N/A
4.2
4.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ri/A
N/A
N/A
4.3
4.3
4.3
Applicable
4-02-007-01
4-02-005-01,
4-02-004-01,
4-02-009-01
4-02-009-03
4-02-009-04
4-02-009-06
4-05-003-03
4-02-009-08
4-05-005-02
4-02-009-10
4-05-003-04
4-05-005-04
4-02-009-12
4-05-003-05
4-05-004-03
4-05-005-05
4-02-009-13
4-02-009-15
4-02-009-17
4-03-001-01
4-03-002-01
4-0 3-OO 3-02
4-03-001-01
4-03-002-01
4-03-001-02
sec
-99
-99
, -03
, -02
, -02
, -04
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Section
No. Title
REFINING, FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE
PROFILE FOR CRUDE OIL
FIXED ROOF, COMMERCIAL JET FUEL
(JET A)
FIXED ROOF. BENZENE
4-03 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM
PRODUCT STORAGE (CONTINUED)
FIXED ROOF, CYCLOHEXANE
FIXED ROOF, CYCLOPENTANE
FIXED ROOF, HEPTANE
FIXED ROOF, HEXANE
FIXED ROOF, ISO-OCTANE
FIXED ROOF, ISOPENTANE
FIXED ROOF, PENTANE
FIXED ROOF, TOLUENE
Profile Page AP-42
Key No. Table No. No. Suction Applicable SCC
0297 4-03-001 D 4.03-13 4.3 4-03-001-02,
4-03-002-03,
0100 4-03-001 E d.flB-l" 43 4-03-001-05,
4-03-002-05
4-03-003-03
0298 4-03-001 F 4.03-15 43 4-03-001-08,
4-03-002-08
4-03-003-06
0299 4-03-001 G 4.03-16 4.3 4-03-001-09,
4-03-OO2-09
4-03-003-07
0300 4-03-001 H 4.03-17 4.3 4-03-001-10,
4-03-002-10
4-03-003-08
0301 4-03-001 J 4.03-18 4.3 4-03-OO1-11,
4-03-002-11
4-03-003-09
0230 4-03-011 K 4.03-19 4.3 4-03-001-12,
4-03-002-12
4-03-003-10
0302 4-03-001 L 4.03-20 4.3 4-03-001-13,
4-03-002-13
4-03-003-11
0231 4-03-001 M 4.03-21 4.3 4-03-001-14,
4-03-002-14
4-03-003-12
0303 4-03-001 N 4.03-22 4.3 4-03-001-15,
4-03-002-15
4-03-003-13
0185 4-03-001 P 4.03-23 4.3 4-03-001-16,
4-03-002-16
4-03-003-14
-04
-04
-50
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
NJ
cn
10
o
o
I
FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE PROFILE
FOR CRUDE OIL 4 HASTE HATER
VARIABLE VAPOR SPACE,
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
0232
4-03-001 Q 4.03-24 4.3
4-03-003
4.03-25 4.3
4-03-001-98
4-03-003-99
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
to
cn
to
o
o
1
Section
No.
4-05
4-06
5-01
Profile
Title Key No. Table No.
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
LETTERPRESS, INKING & DRYING
(DIRECT GAS-FIRED DRYER) 0334 4-05-OO2 A
LETTERPRESS, INKING PROCESS 0166 4-05-002 B
FLEXOGRAPHIC, COMPOSITE OF
ALCOHOL BASED SOLVENT 0172 4-05-003 A
FLEXOGRAPHIC, N-PROPYL ALCOHOL 0304 4-05-003 B
LITHOGRAPHY, INKING i, DRYING
(DIRECT GAS-FIRED DRYER) 0333 4-05-004 A
LITHOGRAPHY, INKING & DRYING 0332 4-05-004 B
GRAVURE, PAPERBOARD PRINTING 0181 4-05-005 A
GRAVURE , PERIODICALS ,
PRINTING SOLVENT 0183 4-05-005 B
GRAVURE, COMMERCIAL PRINTING SOLVENT 0184 4-05-005 C
GRAVURE, GENERAL SOLVENT O182 4-05-005 D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM
PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE FOR
CRUDE OIL, MARINE TERMINAL 0305 4-06-002
SOLID WASTE GOVERNMENT
OPEN BURNING DUMP,
LANDSCAPE/PRUNING 0121 5-01-002
INCINERATOR, BAR SCREEN SEWAGE
WASTE INCINERATOR 0122 5-01-OO5
Paye
No.
4.05-4
4.05-5
4.05-9
4.05-10
4.05-14
4.05-15
4.05-19
4.O5-20
4.05-21
4.O5-22
4.03-26
5.01-4
5.01-8
AP-42
Section
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.3
2.4
N/A
Applicable SCC
4-05-O02-99
4-O5-OO2-99
4-05-003-01,
4-05-003-06
4-05-005-09
4-O 5-00 4-99
4-O5-OO4-99
4-05-005-01
4-05-005-01
4-05-O05-99
4-05-005-O1,
4-O5-O05-O1,
4-06-002-02,
5-02-001-02
5-02-OO2-02
5-03-002-02
5-01-005-99
S-02-OO5-99
5-O 3-005-99
-99
-99
-99
-27
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
Section Profile
No. Title Key No.
9-01 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, RESIDENTIAL FUEL
NATURAL GAS 0195
9-06 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GASOLINE FUEL
COMPOSITE OF ALL GRADES: LIGHT,
HEAVY S. OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES 0329
COMPOSITE OF CONTROLLED AND
UNCONTROLLED
UNLEADED 26% AROMATIC — LIGHT,
HEAVY s OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES 0326
CATALYST CONTROL
UNLEADED 26% AROMATIC — LIGHT,
HEAVY S. OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES 0327
LEAN-BURN CONTROL
LEADED 22% AROMATIC— LIGHT, HEAVY,
S OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES, UNCONTROLLED 0328
UNLEADED 40% AROMATIC— LIGHT, HEAVY 6 0335
OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS — LIGHT, HEAVY, 0336
S, OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
COMPOSITE GASOLINE VAPOR—LIGHT , HEAVY, 0337
6 OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
Page AP-42
Table No. No. Section Applicable SCC
9.01-1
9-01-005 9.01-3 1.4 9-01-005-00
9.06-1
9-06-021 A 9.06-4 3.1 & 9-06-021-00
3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
9-11-061-00
9-11-062-OO
9-11-063-00
9-11-064-00
9-06-021 B 9.06-5 3. 1 s 9-06-021-00
3-2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-021 C 9.06-6 3.1 & 9-06-021-00
3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
3.1 s, 9-06-021-00
9-06-021 D 9.06-7 3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-021 E 9.06-8 3.1 s. 9-06-021-00
3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-021 F 9.06-9 3.1 6 9-06-021-00
3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
9.06-021 G 9.06-10 3.1 S. 9-06-021-00
3.2 9-06-022-00
9-06-023-00
NJ
cn
NJ
O
O
I
-------
PROFILE TABLE SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
K)
O
o
I
-J
tf>
Ui
Section
No.
9-07
9-11
9-13
9-35
9-47
9-49
Profile
Title Key No.
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, DIESEL FUEL
DIESEL FUEL, 32% AROMATIC —
LIGHT, HEAVY & OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES 0330
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, MEASURED VEHICLE
MILES
COMPOSITE OF GASOLINE & DIESEL FUELS 0325
VEHICLE EXHAUST
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, MISCELLANEOUS BURNING
FOREST FIBES 0307
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLVENT USE
ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS,
COMPOSITE 0196
DOMESTIC SOLVENTS, GENERAL 0197
PESTICIDES, DOMESTIC S COMMERCIAL,
COMPOSITE FOR CALIFORNIA 0076
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
FORESTS 0204
PETROLEUM SEEPS 0205
CITRUS GROVES 0199
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLID WASTE
LANDFILL SITE, CLASS II 0202
ANIMAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION 0203
Page AP-42
Table No. No. Section
9.07-1
9-07-021 9.07-3 3.1 &
3.2
9. 11-1
9-11-061 9.11-2 3.1 S
3.2
9.13-1
9-13-081 9.13-3 11.1
9. 35-1
9-35-103 9.35-3 4.2
9-3S-702 9.35-7 4.2
9-35-705 9.35-11 N./A
9.47-1
9-47-409 9.47-4 N/A
9-47-411 9.47-8 N/A
9-47-429 9.47-12 N/A
9.49-1
9-49-999 A 9. .19-5 N/A
9-49-999 L) 9.49-9 N/A
Applicable SCC
9-07-021-00
9-07-022-00
9-07-023-00
9-11-061-00
9-11-062-00
9-11-063-00
9-11-064-00
9-13-081-00
9-35-103-00
9-35-702-00
9-35-705-98
9-47-409-99
9-47-411-01
9-47-429-99
9-49-999-99
9-49-999-98
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX
SCC NO.
1-01-004-01
1-01-004-02
1-01-004-03
1-01-005-01
1-01-005-02
1-01-005-03
1-01-006-01
1-01-006-02
1-01-006-03
1-01-007-01
1-01-007-02
1-01-999-97
1-01-997-99
1-02-004-01
1-02-004-02
1-02-004-03
1-02-005-01
TITLE
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
RESIDUAL OIL >100MM BTO/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
RESIDUAL OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
RESIDUAL OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
DISTILLATE OIL >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
DISTILLATE OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER ELECTRIC GENERATION
DISTILLATE OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
PROCESS GAS >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
PROCESS GAS 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS - GENERAL
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS - GENERAL
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
RESIDUAL OIL >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
RESIDUAL OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
RESIDUAL OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL >100MM BTU/HR
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0001
0001
0001
0002
0002
0002
0003
0003
0003
0004
0004
0003
0003
0001
0001
0001
0002
TABLE NO.
1-01-004
1-01-004
1-01-004
1-01-005
1-01-005
1-01-005
1-01-006
1-01-006
1-01-006
1-01-007
1-01-007
1-01-006
1-01-006
1-01-004
1-01-004
1-01-004
1-01-005
PAGE
NO.
1.01-3
1.01-3
1.01-3
1.01-4
1.01-4
1.01-4
1.01-5
1.01-5
1.01-5
1.01-6
1.01-6
1.01-5
1.01-5
1.01-3
1.01-3
1.01-3
1.01-4
AP-42
SECTION
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
N/A
N/A
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
14
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
1-02-005-02
1-02-005-03
1-02-006-01
1-02-006-02
1-02-006-03
1-02-007-01
1-02-007-02
1-02-007-03
1-02-008-02
1-02-010-02
1-02-999-97
1-03-004-02
1-03-004-03
1-03-005-01
1-03-005-02
1-03-005-03
1-03-006-01
TITLE
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL GAS >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, ELECTRIC GENERATION
NATURAL GAS <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS GAS, REFINERY >100
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS GAS, REFINERY 10-100
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS GAS, REFINERY <10
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
COKE 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS
10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL GAS, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
RESIDUAL OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
RESIDUAL OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL >100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL 10-100MM BTU/HR
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL <10MM BTU/HR
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
NATURAL GAS >100MM BTU/HR
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0002
0002
0003
0003
0003
0004
0004
0004
0005
0003
0003
0001
0001
0002
0002
0002
0003
PAGE
TABLE NO. NO.
1-01-005 1.01-4
1-01-005 1.01-4
1-01-006 1.01-5
1-01-006 1.01-5
1-01-OOC 1.01-5
1-01-007 1.01-6
1-01-007 1.01-6
1-01-007 1.01-6
1-02-008 1.01-7
1-01-006 1.01-5
1-01-006 1.01-5
1-01-004 1.01-3
1-01-004 1.01-3
1-01-005 1.01-4
1-01-005 1.01-4
1-01-005 1.01-4
1-01-006 1.01-5
AP-42
SECTION
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
15
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
1-03-006-02
1-03-006-03
1-03-010-03
1-03-997-99
1-03-999-97
1-05-001-04
1-05-001-05
1-05-001-06
1-05-002-04
PROFILE
TITLE KEY NO.
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
NATURAL GAS 10-100MM BTU/HR 0003
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
NATURAL GAS <10MM BTU/HR 0003
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
"LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS <10MM BTU/HR 0003
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
NATURAL GAS, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0003
BOILER, COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
NATURAL GAS, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0003
BOILER, SPACE HEATER INDUSTRIAL,
RESIDUAL OIL 0001
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL, DISTILLATE OIL 0002
BOILER, SPACE HEATER INDUSTRIAL,
NATURAL GAS 0003
BOILER, SPACE HEATER COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL, RESIDUAL OIL 0001
PAGE AP-42
TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 l.'Ol-S 1.4
1-01-004 1.01-3 1-3
1-01-005 1.01-4 1.3
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-004 1.01-3 1.3
1-05-002-05
BOILER, INDUSTRIAL, DISTILLATE OIL 0002
1-05-002-06 BOILER, SPACE HEATER, COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL, NATURAL GAS 0003
2-01-002-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, ELECTRIC
GENERATION, NATURAL GAS TURBINE 0007
2-01-003-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, ELECTRIC
GENERATION, DIESEL RECIPROCATING 0008
2-02-001-02 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, INDUSTRIAL,
DISTILLATE OIL RECIPROCATING 0009
2-02-002-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL GAS TURBINE 0007
2-02-002-02 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, INDUSTRIAL,
NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING 0010
2-02-002-02 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL GAS RECIPROCATING 0308
2-02-004-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION, INDUSTRIAL
DIESEL FUEL, RECIPROCATING 0008
1-01-005 1.01-4 1.3
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
2-01-002 2.01-3 3.3
2-01-003 2.01-4 3.3
2-02-001 2.01-5 3.3
2-01-002 2.01-3 3.3
2-02-002 A 2.01-6 3.3
2-02-002 B 2.01-7 3.3
2-01-003 2.01-4 3.3
16
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCO NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
3-01-015-01 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, VARNISH
MFG., BODYING OIL GENERAL 0066
3-01-018-01 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PLASTICS
PVC-GENERAL 0067
3-01-018-02 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PLASTICS
POLYPROP-GENERAL 0068
3-01-019-03- CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PHTHALIC
ANHYDRIDE, UNCONTROLLED-GENERAL 0071
3-01-019-03 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PHTHALIC
ANHYDRIDE, UNCONTROLLED-GENERAL 0276
3-01-020-01 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PRINTING
INK, COOKING-GENERAL 0072
3-01-020-99 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, PRINTING
INK, COOKING-GENERAL 0072
3-01-026-20 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC
RUBBER, AUTO TIRES GENERAL 0272
3-01-026-20 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC
RUBBER, AUTO TIRES-GENERAL 0273
3-01-026-20 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC
RUBBER, AUTO TIRES-GENERAL 0274
3-01-125-02 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, ETHYLENE
DICHLORIDE, DIRECT CHLORINATION 0078
3-01-125-99 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, ETHYLENE
DICHLORIDE, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0078
3-01-999-99 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, OTHER/
NOT CLASSIFIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK 0079
3-02-007-99 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MFG.
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0003
3-02-008-99 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL
MFG., OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0003
3-02-009-02 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, FERMENTING
BEER, DRYING SPNT. GRAIN 0003
3-02-009-03 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, FERMENTA-
TION, BEER BREWING 0211
3-02-012-01 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, FISH MEAL
COOKERS-FRESH FISH 0003
3-02-012-03 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, FISH
MEAL DRYERS 0003
3-02-012-99 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, FISH
MEAL, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0003
3-01-015 3.01-3 5.10
3-01-018 A 3.01-7 5.13
3-01-018 B 3.01-8 5.13
3-01-019 A 3.01-12 5.12
3-01-019 B 3.01-13 5.12
3-01-020 3.01-17 5.14
3-01-020 3.01-17 5.14
3-01-026 A 3.01-21 N/A
3-01-026 B 3.01-22 N/A
3-01-026 C 3.01-23 N/A
3-01-125 3.01-28 N/A
3-01-125 3.01-28 N/A
3-01-999 3.01-32 N/A
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1>4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
3-02-009 3.02-3 6.5
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-01-006 1.01-5 1.4
1-°1-006 1.01-5 1.4
17
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
sec NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
3-03-003-01 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT
GENERAL
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4 7-2
3-03-003-02 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT,
OVEN CHARGING
3-03-003-03 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT
OVEN PUSHING
3-03-003-04 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT
QUENCHING
3-03-003-05 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT
UNLOADING
3-03-003-06 PRIMARY METALS, COKE
METALLURGICAL BY PRODUCT
UNDERFIRING
3-03-008-01 PRIMARY METALS, IRON PRODUCTION
BLAST FURNACE—ORE CHARGE
3-03-008-02 PRIMARY METALS, IRON PRODUCTION
BLAST FURNACE--AGGLOM. CHARGING
3-03-008-03 PRIMARY METALS, IRON PRODUCTION
SINTERING GENERAL
3-03-009-01 PRIMARY METALS, STEEL PRODUCTION
OPEN HEARTH OXLANCE
3-03-009-01 PRIMARY METALS, STEEL PRODUCTION
OPEN HEARTH OXLANCE
3-03-009-03 PRIMARY METALS, STEEL PRODUCTION
BOF-GENERAL
3-05-001-01 MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALT
ROOFING, BLOWING OPERATION
3-05-001-02 MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALT
ROOFING, DIPPING ONLY
3-05-001-04 MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALT
ROOFING, DIPPING/SPRAYING
3-05-001-03 MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALT
ROOFING, SPRAYING ONLY
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4 7.2
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4 7.2
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4 7.2
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4 7.2
0011 3-03-003 3.03-4
0012 3-03-008 A 3.03-8
0012
0013
0306
0014
0016
0021
0022
0022
0023
3 -05-001 A 3.05-4
3-05-001 B 3.05-5
3-05-001 B 3.05-5
3-05-001 C 3.05-6
7.2
7.5
7.5
3-03-008 A 3.03-E
3-03-008 B 3.03-9
3-03-009 A 3.03-13 7.5
3 -03-009 B 3.03-14 7.5
3-03-009 C 3.03-15 7.5
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
18
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
sec NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
3-05-001-99
3-05-002-01
3-05-002-02
3-06-002-01
3-06-005-01
3-06-007-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
3-06-008-01
MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALT
ROOFING, OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED 0024
MINERAL PRODUCTS—ASPHALTIC
CONCRETE, ROTARY DRYER 0025
MINERAL PRODUCTS--ASPHALTIC
CONCRETE, OTHER SOURCES 0026
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—FLUID
CRACKERS, GENERAL (FCC) 0029
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY—PROCESS
DRAINS, GENERAL W/CONTROL 0031
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—COOLING
TOWERS 0035
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0316
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0317
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0319
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0322
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0309
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE VALVE FLANGE 0318
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0320
3-05-001 D 3.05-7
N/A
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0041
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0036
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY--MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE-FLANGE 0042
3-05-002 A 3.05-11 8.1
3-05-002 B 3.05-12 8.1
3-06-002 3.06-4
3-06-005 3.06-7
3-06-007 3.06-10
3-06-008 A 3.06-13
3-06-008 B 3.06-14
3-06-008 C 3.06-15
3-06-008 D 3.06-16
3-06-008 E 3.06-17
3-06-008 F 3.06-18
3-06-008 G 3.06-19
0324 3-06-008 H 3.06-20
0323 3-06-008 J 3.06-21
3-06-008 K 3.06-22
3-06-008 L 3.06-23
3-06-008 M 3.06-24
9.1
19
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
3-06-008-02
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-03
3-06-008-04
3-06-008-04
3-06-009-01
3-06-013-01
3-30-001-99
3-90-004-01
3-90-004-02
3-90-004-03
TITLE
PETROLUEM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
RELIEF VALVE
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY— MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY— MISCELLANEOUS
COMPRESSOR SEALS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — MISCELLANEOUS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY—FLARES
NATURAL GAS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY — CATALYTIC
REFORM, GENERAL
TEXTILE MFC— GENERAL FABRICS
YARN PREP/BLEACH
IN PROCESS FUEL — RESIDUAL OIL
ASPHALT DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL— RESIDUAL OIL
ASPHALT DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL — RESIDUAL OIL
ASPHALT DRYER
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0047
0321
0312
0310
0313
0314
0311
0315
0043
0038
0044
0039
0051
0053
0060
0001
0001
0001
PAGE AP-42
TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
3-06-008 N 3.06-25 9.1
3-06-008 P 3.06-28
3-06-008- Q 3-06-29
3-06-008 R 3.06-30
3-06-008 S 3.06-31
3-06-008 T 3.06-32
3-06-008 U 3.06-33
3-06-008 V 3.06-34
3-06-008 W 3.06-35
3-06-008 X 3.06-36
3-06-008 Y 3.06-37
3-06^0082 3.06-38
3-06-009 3.06-41
}
3-06-013 3.06-43
3-30-001 3.30-2 N/A
1-01-004 3.90-3 1.3
1-01-004 3.90-3 1.3
1-01-004 3.90-3 1.3
20
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
3-90-004-05
3-90-004-99
3-90-005-01
3-90-005-02
3-90-005-03
3-90-005-04
3-90-005-05
3-90-005-07
3-90-005-08
3-90-005-09
3-90-005-99
3-90-006-01
3-90-006-02
3-90-006-03
3-90-006-05
3-90-006-06
3-90-006-07
3-90-006-08
TITLE
IN PROCESS FUEL — RESIDUAL OIL
ASPHALT DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL— RESIDUAL OIL
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL — DISTILLATE OIL
ASPHALT DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL — DISTILLATE OIL
CEMENT KILN/DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL — DISTILLATE OIL
LIME KILN
IN PROCESS FUEL — DISTILLATE OIL
KAOLIN KILN
IN PROCESS FUEL— DISTILLATE OIL
METAL MELTING
IN PROCESS FUEL— DISTILLATE OIL
GYPSUM KILN/ETC.
IN PROCESS FUEL— DISTILLATE OIL
GLASS FURNACE
IN PROCESS FUEL— DISTILLATE OIL
ROCK/GRAVEL DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL—DISTILLATE OIL
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
ASPHALT DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
CEMENT KILN/DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
LIME KILN
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
METAL MELTING
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
BRICK KILN/DRYERS
IN PROCESS FUEL— NATURAL GAS
GYPSUM KILN ETC.
IN PROCESS FUEL — NATURAL GAS
GLASS FURNACE
PROFILE PAGE AP-42
KEY NO. TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
0001 1-01-004 3.90-3 1.3
0001 1-01-004 3.90-3
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
\
0002 1-01-005 3.90-4
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5 1.4
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3-90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5 1
21
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
3-90-006-09
3-90-006-31
3-90-006-99
3-90-007-01
3-90-007-02
3-90-007-99
3-90-008-01
3-90-008-99
3-90-010-99
3-90-999-97
3-90-999-98
3-90-999-99
3-97-020-99
4-01-001-01
4-01-001-02
4-01-001-99
4-01-002-01
TITLE
IN PROCESS FUEL — NATURAL GAS
ROCK/GRAVEL DRYER
IN PROCESS FUEL—NATURAL GAS
FOOD-DRYER/COOK/ETC .
IN PROCESS FUEL—NATURAL GAS
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL—PROCESS GAS
CO/BLAST FURNACE
IN PROCESS FUEL— PROCESS GAS
COKE OVEN GAS
IN PROCESS FUEL— PROCESS GAS
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL— COKE
MINERAL WOOL FURNACE
IN PROCESS FUEL — COKE
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL— LIQUID
PETROLEUM GAS, OTHER/NOT
CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL—OTHER/NOT
CLASSIFIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK
IN PROCESS FUEL—OTHER/
NOT CLASSIFIED
IN PROCESS FUEL— OTHER/
NOT CLASSIFIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK
IN PROCESS FUEL—OTHER/
NOT CLASSIFIED
CLEANING SOLVENT—DRY CLEANING
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
CLEANING SOLVENT— DRY CLEANING
STODDARD
CLEANING SOLVENT— DRY CLEANING
SPECIFY SOLVENT
CLEANING SOLVENT— DEGREAS ING
STODDARD
PROFILE PAGE
KEY NO. TABLE NO. NO.
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0217 3-90-007 3.90-3
0005 1-02-008 3.90-7
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0005 1-02-008 3.90-7
0005 1-02-008 3.90-7
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0001 1-01-004 3.90-3
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0003 1-01-006 3.90-5
0085 4-01-001 C 4.01-6
0086 4-01-001 B 4.01-5
0087 4-01-001 A 4.01-4
0086 4-01-001 B 4.01-5
AP-42
SECTION
1.4
1.4
1.4
N/A
N/A
1.4
N/A
N/A
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
22
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-01-002-02
4-01-002-02
4-01-002-03
4-01-002-04
4-01-002-05
4-01-002-06
4-01-002-99
4-01-002-99
4-02-001-01
4-02-001-02
4-02-001-03
4-02-001-04
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-01
4-02-003-02
4-02-003-03
4-02-003-05
TITLE
CLEANING SOLVENT—DECREASING
TRICHLOROETHANE
CLEANING SOLVENT—DECREASING
TRICHLOROETHANE
CLEANING SOLVENT—DECREASING
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
CLEANING SOLVENT— DECREASING
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
CLEANING SOLVENT— DECREASING
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
CLEANING SOLVENT— DECREASING
TOLUENE
CLEANING SOLVENT — DECREASING
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
CLEANING SOLVENT— DECREASING
OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED
SURFACE COATING—PAINT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — PAINT ACETONE
SURFACE COATING — PAINT
ETHYL ACETATE
SURFACE COATING — PAINT, MEK
SURFACE COATING— VARNISH/SHELLAC
GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— VARNISH/SHELLAC
GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— VARNISH/SHELLAC
GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — VARNISH/SHELLAC
GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — VARNISH/SHELLAC
ACETONE
SURFACE COATING— VARNISH/SHELLAC
ETHYL ACETATE
SURFACE COATING— VARNISH /SHELLAC
XYLENE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0087
0088
0085
0275
0271
0090
0088
0277
0125
0219
0220
0221
0127
0132
0278
0133
0219
0220
0223
TABLE NO.
4-01-001 A
4-01-002 A
4-01-001 C
4-01-002 B
4-01-002 C
4-01-002 D
4-01-002 E
4-01-002 G
4-02-001 A
4-02-001 B
4-02-001 C
4-02-001 D
4-02-003 A
4-02-003 B
4-02-003 C
4-02-003 D
4-02-001 B
4-02-001 C
4-02-003 E
PAGE AP-42
NO. SECTION
4.01-4 4.1
4.01-10 N/A
4.01-6 4.1
4.01-11 N/A
4.01-12
4.01-13
4.01-10
1
4.01-15
<
4.02-5 4.2
4.02-6
4.02-7
4.02-8
4.02-9
4.02-10
4.02-11
4.02-12
4.02-6
4.02-7
4.02-13 '
>
23
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-01
4-02-004-02
4-02-004-03
4-02-004-99
4-02-004-99
4-02-004-99
4-02-004-99
4-02-006-99
4-02-004-99
4-02-005-01
4-02-005-01
4-02-005-01
4-02-005-01
4-02-005-02
TITLE
SURFACE COATING—LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING—LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING—LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — LACQUER ACETONE
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER
ETHYL ACETATE
SURFACE COATING — LACQUER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — LACQUER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER
SURFACE COATING — PRIMER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— LACQUER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COAT ING— ENAMEL GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL GENERAL
SURFACE COATING—ENAMEL GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL
CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0149
0148
0147
0155
0146
0150
0219
0220
0149
0148
0147
0155
0146
0150
0156
0159
0157
0164
0222
TABLE NO.
4-02-004 A
4-02-004 B
4-02-004 C
4-02-004 D
4-02-004 E
4-02-004 F
4-02-001 B
4-02-001 C
4-02-004 A
4-02-004 B
4-02-004 C
4-02-004 D
4-02-004 E
4-02-004 F
4-02-005 A
4-02-005 B
4-02-005 C
4-02-005 D
4-02-005 E
PAGE AP-42
NO. SECTION
4.02-14 4
4.02-15
4.02-16
4.02-17
4.02-18
4.02-19
4.02-6
4.02-7
4.02-14
4.02-15
4.02-16
4.02-17
4.02-18
4.02-19
4.02-20
4.02-21
4.02-22
4.02-23
I
4.02-24
.2
24
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-02-005-03
4-02-005-99
4-02-005-99
4-02-005-99
4-02-005-99
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-01
4-02-006-02
4-02-006-04
4-02-006-04
4-02-006-99
4-02-006-99
4-02-007-01
4-03-007-01
4-02-007-01
4-02-007-01
TITLE
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL, MEK
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COAT ING— ENAMEL
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — ENAMEL
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— ENAMEL
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING—PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING- -PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — PRIMER GENERAL
SURFACE COATING— PRIMER NAPHTHA
SURFACE COATING— PRIMER
MINERAL SPIRITS
SURFACE COATING—PRIMER
MINERAL SPIRITS
SURFACE COATING — PRIMER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — PRIMER
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — ADHESIVE GEN.
SURFACE COATING— ADHESIVE GEN.
SURFACE COATING— ADHESIVE GEN.
SURFACE COATING — ADHESIVE GEN.
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0221
0156
0159
0157
0164
0134
0137
0136
0331
0280
0281
0282
0225
0283
0134
0284
0141
0142
0285
0145
TABLE NO.
4-02-001 D
4-02-005 A
4-02-005 B
4-02-005 C
4-02-005 D
4-02-006 A
4-02-006 B
4-02-006 C
4-02-006 D
4-02-006 E
4-02-006 F
4-02-006 G
4-02-006 J
4-02-006 H
4-02-006 A
4-02-006 K
4-02-007 A
4-02-007 B
4-02-007 C
4-02-007 D
PAGE AP-42
NO. SECTION
4.02-3 4.2
4.02-20
4.02-21
4.02-22
4.02-23
4.02-25
4.02-26
4.02-27
4.02-28
4.02-29
4.02-30
4.02-31
4.02-33
4.02-32
4.02-25 '
f
4.02-34 N/A
4.02-35
4.02-36
4.02-37
\
4.02-38
25
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-02-007-02
4-02-007-04
4-02-007-05
4-02-007-99
4-02-008-01
4-02-008-03
4-02-008-99
4-02-008-99
4-02-008-99
4-02-008-99
4-02-009-01
4-02-009-02
4-02-009-03
4-02-009-04
4-02-009-06
4-02-009-07
4-02-009-08
4-02-009-10
4-02-009-12
4-02-009-13
4-02-009-15
4-02-009-17
TITLE
SURFACE COATING—ADHESIVE, MEK
SURFACE COATING— ADHESIVE, BENZENE
SURFACE COATING — ADHESIVE, NAPHTHA
SURFACE COATING — ADHESIVE
SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING—COATING OVEN
GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — COATING OVEN
BAKED > 175°F
SURFACE COATING— COATING OVEN
OTHER/SPECIFY
SURFACE COATING—COATING OVEN
OTHER/SPECIFY
SURFACE COATING—COATING OVEN
OTHER/SPECIFY
SURFACE COATING— COATING OVEN
OTHER/SPECIFY
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT GENERAL
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT ACETONE
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT
BUTYL ACETATE
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
BUTYL ALCOHOL
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT
CELLOSOLVE
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT
CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
ETHYL ALCOHOL
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
SURFACE COAT ING- -SOL VENT
ISOPROPYL ACETATE
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
LACTOL SPIRITS
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
METHYL ALCOHOL
26
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0221
0287
0282
0145
0092
0279
0056
0286
0162
0154
0096
0219
0288
0289
0290
0222
0292
0226
0227
0228
0229
0291
TABLE NO.
4-02-001 D
4-02-007 E
4-02-006 G
4-02-007 E
4-02-008 A
4-02-008 B
4-02-008 C
4-02-008 D
4-02-008 E
4-02-008 F
4-02-009 A
4-02-001 B
4-02-009 B
4-02-009 C
4-02-009 D
4-02-005 E
4-02-009 E
4-02-009 F
4-02-009 G
4-02-009 H
4-02-009 J
4-02-009 K
PAGE AP-42
NO. SECTION
4.02-8 4.2
4.02-39 N/A
4.02-31 4.2
4.02-38 N/A
4.02-47
4.02-48
4.02-49
4.02-50
4.02-51
4.02-52
4.02-56
'
4.02-6 4.2
4.02-57 N/A
4.02-58 N/A
4.02-59 N/A
4.02-24 4.2
4.02-60 N/A
4.02-61
4.02-62
4.02-63
4.02-64
4.02-65
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-02-009-18
4-02-009-20
4-02-009-21
4-02-009-24
4-02-999-99
4-02-999-99
4-02-999-99
4-03-001-01
4-03-001-01
4-03-001-02
4-03-001-02
4-03-001-03
4-03-001-03
4-03-001-04
4-03-001-04
4-03-001-05
4-03-001-08
4-03-001-09
PROFILE
TITLE KEY NO.
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT, MEK 0221
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT
MINERAL SPIRITS 0283
SURFACE COATING— SOLVENT, NAPHTHA 0282
SURFACE COATING — SOLVENT, XYLENE 0223
SURFACE COATING — OTHER/NOT CLASSI-
FIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK 0293
SURFACE COATING— OTHER/NOT CLASSI-
FIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK 0294
SURFACE COATING— OTHER/NOT CLASSI-
FIED, SPECIFY IN REMARK 0295
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-GASOLINE, COMPOSITE 0098
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-GASOLINE, FCCU & REFORMER BLEND 0187
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-CRUDE 0296
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-CRUDE 0297
PETROL PROD. STG — FIXED ROOF
WORKING GASOLINE, COMPOSITE 0098
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF, WORKING
GASOLINE, FCCU S REFORMER BLEND 0187
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
WORKING CRUDE 0296
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
WORKING CRUDE 0297
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH- JET A :;0100
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-BENZENE 0298
PETROL PROD. STG. — FIXED ROOF
BREATH-CYCLOHEX 0299
PAGE AP-42
TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
4-02-001 D 4.02-8 4
4-02-006 H 4.02-34
4-02-006 G 4.02-33
4-02-003 E 4.02-13
4-02-999 A 4.02-40 N
.2
I
/A
4-02-999 B 4.02-41 N/A
4-02-999 C 4.02-42 N/A
4-03-001 A 4.03-10 4-3
4-03-001 B 4.03-11
4-03-001 C 4.03-12
4-03-001 D 4.03-13
4-03-001 A 4.03-10
4-03-001 B 4.03-11
4-03-001 C 4.03-12
4-03-001 D 4.03-13
4-03-001 E 4.03-14
4-03-001 F 4.03-15
4-03-001 G 4.03- 16
'
\
27
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
4-03-001-10 PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
BREATH—CYCLOPENTANE 0300
4-03-001-11 PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
BREATH—HEPTANE 0301
4-03-001-12 PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
BREATH—HEXANE 0230
4-03-001-13 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
BREATH—ISO OCTANE 0302
4-03-001-14 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
BREATH—ISOPENTANE 0231
4-03-001-15 PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
BREATH—PENTANE 0303
4-03-001-16 PETROL. PROD. STG— FIXED ROOF
BREATH—TOLUENE 0185
4-03-001-50 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING JET A 0100
4-03-001-53 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING-BENZENE 0298
4-03-001-54 PETROL PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING CYCLOHEX 0299
4-03-001-55 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—CYCLOPENTANE 0300
4-03-001-56 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—HEPTANE 0301
4-03-001-57 PETROL PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—HEXANE 0230
4-03-001-58 PETROL PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—ISO OCTANE 0302
4-03-001-59 PETROL. PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—ISOPENTANE 0231
4-03-001-60 PETROL PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—PENTANE 0303
4-03-001-61 PETROL PROD. STG—FIXED ROOF
WORKING—TOLUENE 0185
4-03-001-98 PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
WORKING—CRUDE OIL & WASTE WATER 0188
4-03-001 H 4.03-17 4.3
4-03-001 J 4.03-18
4-03-001 K 4.03-19
4-03-001 L 4.03-20
4-03-001 M 4.03-21
4-03-001 N 4.03-22
4-03-001 P 4.03-23
4-03-001 E 4.03-14
4-03-001 F 4.03-15
4-03-001 G 4.03-16
4-03-001 H 4.03-17
4-03-001 J 4.03-18
4-03-001 K 4.03-19
4-03-001 L 4.03-20
4-03-001 M 4.03-21
4-03-001 N 4,03-22
4-03-001 P 4.03-23
4-03-001 Q 4.03-24
28
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
4-03-002-01
4-03-002-01
4-03-002-02
4-03-002-02
4-03-002-03
4-03-002-04
4-03-002-05
4-03-002-08
4-03-002-09
4-03-002-10
4-03-002-11
4-03-002-12
4-03-002-13
4-03-002-14
4-03-002-15
4-03-002-16
4-03-003-02
4-03-003-03
4-03-003-06
4-03-003-07
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG-GASOLINE, COMPOSITE
0098 4-03-001 A 4.03-10
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF,STAND
STG.-GASOLINE, FCCU & REFORMER BLEND 0187
4-03-001 B 4.03-11
0098 4-03-001 A 4.03-.10
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
WORKING-PRODUCT, COMPOSITE
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF, WORK-
ING PRODUCT, FCCU S REFORMER BLEND 0187 4-03-001 B 4.03-11
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG-CRUDE
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
WORKING-CRUDE
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG-JET FUEL
PETROL PROD. STG.--FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG-BENZENE
PETROL PROD. STG.—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG-CYCLOHEX
PETROL. PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—CYCLOPENTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—HEPTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—HEXANE
PETROL. PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—ISO OCTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—ISOPENTANE
PETROL PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG—PENTANE
PETROL PROD. STG—FLOATING ROOF
STAND STG--TOLUENE
PETROL PROD. STG.—VAPOR SPACE
WORKING GASOLINE, COMPOSITE
PETROL PROD. STG.—VAPOR SPACE
WORKING-JET A
PETROL PROD. STG.--VAPOR SPACE
WORKING-BENZENE
PETROL PROD. STG.—VAPOR SPACE
WORKING-CYCLOHEX
0297 4-03-001 D 4.03-13
0297 4-03-001 D 4.03-13
0100 4-03-001 E 4.03-14
0298 4-03-001 F 4.03-15
0299 4-03-001 G 4.03-16
0300 4-03-001 H 4.03-17
0301 4-03-001 J 4.03-18
0230 4-03-001 K 4.03-19
0302 4-03-001 L 4.03-20
0231 4-03-001 M 4.03-21
0303 4-03-001 N 4.03-22
0185 4-03-001 P 4.03-23
0098 4-03-001 A 4.03-10
0100 4-03-001 E 4.03- 14
0298 4-03-001 F 4.03- 15
0299 4-03-001 G 4.03- 16
29
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-03-003-08
4-03-003-09
4-03-003-10
4-03-003-11
4-03-003-12
4-03-003-13
4-03-003-14
4-03-003-99
4-05-002-03
4-05-002-99
4-05-002-99
4-05-003-01
4-05-003-03
4-05-003-04
4-05-003-05
4-05-003-06
4-05-003-07
4-05-003-99
TITLE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — CYCLOPENTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — HEPTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — HEXANE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — ISO OCTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — ISOPENTANE
PETROL. PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING — PENTANE
PETROL PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING— TOLUENE
PETROL PROD. STG — VAPOR SPACE
WORKING— LPG
PRINTING PRESS — LETTER PRESS
MINERAL SPIRITS
PRINTING PRESS—LETTER PRESS
INKING AND DRYING, SOLVENT GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS — LETTER PRESS
INKING PROCESS, SOLVENT GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS—FLEXOGRAPHIC
ALCOHOL COMPOSITE, GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS—FLEXOGRAPHIC
CELLOSOLVE
PRINTING PRESS—FLEXOGRAPHIC
ETHYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS—FLEXOGRAPHIC
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS—FLEXOGRAPHIC
N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS — FLEXOGRAPHIC
NAPHTHA
PRINTING PRESS — FLEXOGRAPHIC
SOLVENT GENERAL
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0300
0301
0230
0302
0231
0303
0185
0232
0283
0334
0166
0172
0290
0226
0227
0304
0282
0172
TABLE NO.
4-03-001 H
4-03-001 J
4-03-001 K
4-03-001 L
4-03-001 M
4-03-001 N
4-03-001 P
4-03-003
4-02-006 H
4-05-002 A
4-05-002 B
4-05-003 A
4-02-009 D
4-02-009 F
4-02-009 G
4-05-003 B
4-02-006 G
4-05-003 A
PAGE
NO.
4.03-17
4.03-18
4.03-19
4.03-20
4.03-21
4.03-22
4.03-23
4.03-25
4.02-32
4.05-4
4.05-5
4.05-9
4.02-59
4.02-61
4.02-62
4.05-10
4.02-63
4.05-9
AP-42
SECTION
4.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.2
N/A
30
2G200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
4-05-004-02
4-05-004-03
4-05-004-99
4-05-004-99
4-05-005-01
4-05-005-01
4-05-005-01
4-05-005-01
4-05-005-02
4-05-005-04
4-05-005-05
4-05-005-06
4-05-005-08
4-06-002-02
4-06-002-27
5-01-005-99
5-02-001-02
5-02-002-02
5-02-005-99
TITLE
PRINTING PRESS— LITHOGRAPHIC
MINERAL SPIRITS
PRINTING PRESS— LITHOGRAPHIC
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS— LITHOGRAPHIC
SOLVENT GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS—LITHOGRAPHIC
SOLVENT GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
PAPERBOARD
PRINTING PRESS — GRAVURE
PERIODICALS
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
COMMERCIAL
PRINTING ..ERESS--GRAVU RE
GENERAL
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
ETHYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE, MEK
PRINTING PRESS—GRAVURE
MINERAL SPIRITS
PETROL. PROD. STG— FIXED ROOF
LOADING — MARINE TERMINAL CRUDE
PETROL. PROD. STG--FIXED ROOF
UNLOADING — MARINE TERMINAL CRUDE
GOV'T— INCINERATOR GEN.
BAR SCREEN WASTE
GOV'T— INCINERATOR, SINGLE CHAMBER
GOV'T— OPEN BURNING, REFUSE
GOV'T — INCINERATOR BAR SCREEN WASTE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0283
0227
0333
0332
0181
0183
0184
0182
0292
0226
0227
0221
0283
0305
0305
0122
0121
0121
0122
TABLE NO.
4-02-006 H
4-02-009 G
4-05-004 A
4-05-004 B
4-05-005 A
4-05-005 B
4-05-005 C
4-05-005 D
4-02-009 E
4-02-009 F
4-02-009 G
4-02-001 D
4-02-006 H
4-06-002
4-06-002
5-01-005
5-01-002
5-01-002
5-01-005
PAGE AP-42
NO. SECTION
4.05-34 4
2
4.02-62 N/A
4.05-14 N/A
4.05-15 N/A
4.05-19 N/A
4.05-20 N/A
4.05-21 N/A
4.05-22 N/A
4.02-60
4.02-61
4.02-62 '
4.02-8 4
4.02-32 4
4.03-26 4
4.03-26 4
5.01-8 2
5.01-4 2
5.01-4 2
5.01-8 2
'
.2
.2
.3
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
31
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
TITLE
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE NO.
PAGE
NO.
AP-42
SECTION
5-03-002-02 INDUSTRIAL—OPEN BURNING REFUSE
5-03-005-99 INDUSTRIAL—INCINERATOR
BAR SCREEN WASTE
9-01-005-00 RESIDENTIAL FUEL—NATURAL GAS
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
LIGHT VEHICLE
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
LIGHT VEHICLE (CATALYST)
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
LIGHT VEHICLE (LEAN BURN)
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL LEADED
LIGHT VEHICLE (NO CONTROL)
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
LIGHT VEHICLE (NO CONTROL)
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
LIGHT VEHICLE (EVAPORATIVE)
9-06-021-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
LIGHT VEHICLE (LIQUID)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
HEAVY VEHICLE
9.06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
HEAVY VEHICLE (CATALYST)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
HEAVY VEHICLE (LEAN BURN)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL LEADED
HEAVY VEHICLE (NO CONTROL)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
HEAVY VEHICLE (NO CONTROL)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
HEAVY VEHICLE (EVAPORATIVE)
9-06-022-00 GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
HEAVY VEHICLE (LIQUID)
0121 5-01-002 5.01-4
0122 5-01-005 5.01-8
0195 9-01-005 9.01-3
0329 9-06-021 A 9.06-4
0326 9-06-021 B 9.06-5
0327 9-06-021 C 9.06-6
0328 9-06-021 D 9.06-7
0335 9-06-021 E 9.06-8
0336 9-06-021 F 9.06-9
0337 9-06-021 G 9.06-10
0329
9-06-022 A 9.06-4
0326 9-06-022 B 9.06-5
0327 9-06-022 C 9.06-6
0328 9-06-022 D 9:06-7
0335 9-06-022 E 9.06-8
0336 9-06-022 F 9.06-9
0337 9-06-022 G 9.06-10
2.1
2.1
1.4
3.1 S
3.2
32
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
9-06-023-00
9-06-023-00
9—6-023-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-023-00
9-06-023-00
9-07-021-00
9-07-022-00
9-07-023-00
9-11-061-00
TITLE
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
OFF HIGHWAY
GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
OFF HIGHWAY (CATALYST)
GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
OFF HIGHWAY (LEAN BURN)
GASOLINE FUEL LEADED
OFF HIGHWAY (NO CONTROL)
GASOLINE FUEL UNLEADED
OFF HIGHWAY (NO CONTROL)
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
OFF HIGHWAY (EVAPORATIVE)
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
OFF HIGHWAY (LIQUID)'
DIESEL FUEL/LIGHT VEHICLE
DIESEL FUEL/HEAVY VEHICLE
DIESEL FUEL/OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLE
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES,
LIMITED ACCESS ROADS
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
PROFILE PAGE AP-42
KEY NO. TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
3.1 S
0329 9-06-023 A 9.06-4 3.2
0326 9-06-023 B 9.06-5
0327 9-06-023 C 9.06-6
0328 9-06-023 D 9.06-7
0335 9-06-023 E 9.06-8
0336 9-06-023 F 9.06-9
0337 9-06-023 G 9.06-10
0330 9-07-021 9.07-3
0330 9-07-021 9.07-3
0330 9-07-021 9.07-3
}
0329 9-06-021 A 9.06-4
'
33
26200-795
-------
SCC SUMMARY INDEX (CONTINUED)
SCC NO.
9-11-062-00
9-11-063-00
9-11-064-00
9-11-061-00
9-11-062-00
9-11-063=00
9-11-064-00
9-13-081-00
9-35-103-00
9-35-702-00
9-35-705-98
9-47-409-99
9-47-411-01
9-47-429-99
9-49-999-99
9-49-999-98
TITLE
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
RURAL ROADS
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
SUBURBAN ROADS
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
• URBAN ROADS
GASOLINE FUEL COMPOSITE
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
LIMITED ACCESS POADS
FUEL COMPOSITE (GASOLIINE/DIESEL)
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
RURAL ROADS
FUEL COMPOSITE (GASOLINE/DIESEL)
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
SUBURBAN ROADS
FUEL COMPOSITE (GASOLINE/DIESEL)
MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
URBAN ROADS
FUEL COMPOSITE
MISCELLANEOUS BURNING/FOREST FIRES
SOLVENT USE/ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS
SOLVENT USE/DOMESTIC SOLVENTS
SOLVENT USE/PESTICIDES
DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL
GEOGEN IC/FO RESTS
GEOGENIC/PETROLEUM SEEPS
GEOGEN IC/C IT RUS GROVES
SOLID WASTE/LANDFILL SITE
SOLID WASTE/ANIMAL WASTE
PROFILE PAGE AP-42
KEY NO. TABLE NO. NO. SECTION
0329 9-06-021 A 9.06-4 3.1 S 3.
0329 9-06-021 A 9.06-4
0329 9-06-021 A 9.06-4
0325 9-11-061 9.11-3
0325 9-11-061 9.11-3
0325 9-11-061 9.11-3
I
0325 9-11-061 9.11-3 f
0307 9-13-081 9.13-3 11.1
0196 9-35-103 9.35-3 4.2
0197 9-35-702 9.35-7 4.2
0076 9-35-705 9.35-11 N/A
0204 9-47-409 9.47-4
0205 9-47-411 9.47-8
0199 9-47-429 9.47-12
34
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
ADHESIVE
(see Surface Coating)
ANIMAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION 9.49-9
ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS 9.35-3
ASPHALT CONCRETE
IN PLACE ROAD ASPHALT 3.05-12
ROTARY DRYER, N.G. FIRED 3.05-11
ASPHALT ROOFING
BLOWING OPERATION 3.05-4
DIPPING 3.05-5
SPRAYING 3.05-6
TAR KETTLE 3.05-7
AUTOMOTIVE
(See also Internal Combustion Engine)
TIRES
SYNTHETIC RUBBER, PRODUCTION 3.01-23
TUBER ADHESIVE 3.01-21
WHITE SIDEWALL TUBER ADHESIVE 3.01-22
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
(see Steel Production)
BEER, FERMENTATION 3.0.2-3
PROFILE
KEY NO.
0203
0196
0026
0025
0021
0022
0023
0024
0274
0272
0273
0211
TABLE
NO.
9-49-999 B
9-35-103
3-05-002 B
3-05-002 A
3-05-001 A
3-05-001 B
3-05-001 C
3-05-001 D
3-01-026 C
3-01-026 A
3-01-026 B
3-02-009
35
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
BLAST FURNACE
(see Iron Production)
BOILER
COKE OVEN GAS
DISTILLATE OIL
FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKER (FCC)
NATURAL GAS
REFINERY GAS
RESIDUAL OIL
CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
AUTOMOBILE TIRES
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
TUBER ADHESIVE
WHITE SIDEWALL ADHESIVE
EHTYLENE DICHLORIDE
DIRECT CHLORINATION
FLARES
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
CONTROLLED
WASTE SUMP
PLASTICS
PROPYLENE
PVC
PROFILE
PAGE NO. KEY NO.
1.01-7 0005
1.01-4 0002
3.06-4 0029
1.01-5 0003
1.01-6 0004
1.01-3 0001
3.01-23 0274
3.01-21 0272
3.01-22 0273
3.01-28 0078
3.01-32 0079
3.01-13 0276
3.01-12 0071
3.01-8 0068
3.01-7 0067
TABLE
NO.
1-02-008
1-01-005
3-06-00'2
1-01-006
1-01-007
1-01-004
3-01-026 C
3-01-026 A
3-01-026 B
3-01-125
3-01-999
3-01-019 B
3-01-019 A
3-01-018 B
3-01-018 A
36
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PRINTING INK
COOKING
PROFILE TABLE
PAGE NO. KEY NO. NO.
3.01-17 0072 3-01-020
VARNISH MANUFACTURE
BODYING OIL
CITRUS COATING
(see Surface
WAX
Coating)
CITRUS GROVE EMISSIONS
3.01-15 0066 3-01-015
9.47-12 0199 9-47-429
CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING
DICHLOROMETHANE
TOLUENE
TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
(Freon 113)
DRY CLEANING
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
1, 1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE
COATING OVEN
(see Surface
Coating)
4.01-11 0275 4-0.
4.01-13 0090
4.01-10 0089
4.01-12 0271
4.01-14 0088
4.01-15 0277 >
L-002 B
D
A
C
E
F
4.01-6 0085 4-01-001 C
4.01-5 0086
4.01-4 0087 >
B
' A
37
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE
NO.
COKE MANUFACTURE
BLAST FURNACE GAS
BY PRODUCT OVEN STACK GAS
3.90-3
3.03-4
COMBUSTION
(see: Boiler; Internal Combustion Engine)
COMPRESSOR SEALS
(see Refinery)
DECREASING
(see Cleaning Solvent)
DOMESTIC SOLVENT USE
(see also Surface Coating)
ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS
DOMESTIC SOLVENTS
PESTICIDES, DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL
DRY CLEANING
(see Cleaning Solvent)
DYEING
(see Fabric Dyeing)
ENAMEL
(see Surface Coating)
0217
0011
3-90-007
3-03-003
9.35-3
9.35-7
9.35-11
0196
0197
0076
9-35-103
9-35-702
9-35-705
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
DIRECT CHLORINATION
FABRIC DYEING, GENERAL
FIRES
FOREST
OPEN BURNING DUMP,
LAND SCAPE/PRUN ING
3.01-28 0078
3.30-2 0060
9.13-3 0307
5.01-4 0121
3-01-125
3-30-001
'9-13-081
5-01-002
38
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE
NO.
FLAKES
CHEMICAL
REFINERY, NATURAL GAS
FLEXOGRAPHIC
(see Printing Press)
FOOD/AGRICULTURE
FERMENTATION-BEER
FORESTS
EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
FIRES
GEOGENIC EMISSIONS
CITRUS GROVES
FORESTS
PETROLEUM SEEPS
GRAPHIC ARTS
(see Printing Press)
GRAVURE
(see Printing Press)
INCINERATION, BAR SCREEN WASTE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
COMPOSITE GASOLINE/DIESEL
GASOLINE
LIGHT & HEAVY VEHICLE
3.01-32
3.06-41
3.02-3
5.01-8
9.11-2
9.06-4
0079
0051
0211
0122
0325
0329
3-01-999
3-06-009
3-02-009
9.47-4
9.13-3
9.47-12
9.47-4
9.47-8
0204
0307
0199
0204
0205
9-47-409
9-13-081
9-47-429
9-47-409
9-47-411
5-01-005
9-11-061
9-06-021 A
39
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
DIESEL FUEL
RECIPROCATING
LIGHT & HEAVY VEHICLE
DISTILLATE OIL, RECIPROCATING
NATURAL GAS, RECIPROCATING
INDUSTRIAL
30 HP BUDA
NATURAL GAS TURBINE
IRON PRODUCTION
BLAST FURNACE CHARGING
IRON SINTERING
PROFILE
PAGE NO. KEY NO.
2.01-4 0008
9.07-3 0330
2.01-5 0009
2.01-6 0010
2.01-7 0308
2.01-3 0007
3.03-8 0012
3.03-9 0013
TABLE
NO.
2-01-003
9-07-021
2-02-001
2-02-002 A
2-02-002 B
2-01-002
3-03-008 A
3-03-008 B
LETTERPRESS
(see Printing Press)
LITHOGRAPHY
(see Printing Press)
OPEN HEARTH FURNACE
(see Steel Production)
OVENS
(see Surface Coating-Coating Oven)
PAINT
(see Surface Coating)
PESTICIDES, DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL
PETROLEUM SEEPS
9.35-11
9.47-8
0076
0205
9-35-705
9-47-411
40
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PETROLEUM STORAGE
FIXED ROOF TANK
BENZENE
CRUDE OIL, COMPOSITE,
MARINE TERMINAL
CRUDE OIL, COMPOSITE, PRODUCTION
CRUDE OIL, COMPOSITE, REFINERY
CRUDE OIL & WASTE WATER
CYCLOHEXANE
CYCLOPENTANE
GASOLINE COMPOSITE
GASOLINE,. FCCU & REFORMER BLEND
HEPTANE
HEXANE
ISO-OCTANE
ISO-PENTANE
JET A
PENTANE
TOLUENE
FLOATING ROOF TANK
(see Fixed Roof Tank)
VARIABLE VAPOR SPACE
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PAGE NO.
4.03-15
4.03-26
4.03-12
4.03-13
4.03-24
4.03-16
4.03-17
4.03-10
4.03-11
4.03-18
4.03-19
4.03-20
4.03-21
4.03-14
4.03-22
4.03-23
4.03-25
PROFILE TABLE
KEY NO. NO.
0298 4-03-001 F
0305 4-06-002
0296 4-03-001 C
0297
0188
0299
0300
0098
0187
0301
0230
0302
0231
0100
0303
0185 ^
D
Q
G
H
A
B
J
K
L
M
E
N
P
0232 4-03-003
41
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE
NO.
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
CONTROLLED 3.01-13 0276 3-01-019 B
WASTE SUMP 3.01-12 0071 3-01-019 A
PIPE/VALVES (see Refinery)
PLASTICS
PROPYLENE, GENERAL 3.01-8 0068 3-01-018 B
PVC, GENERAL 3.01-8 0067 3-01-018 A
PRIMER
(see Surface Coating)
PRINTING INK, COOKING, GENERAL 3.01-17 0072 3-01-020
PRINTING PRESS
FLEXOGRAPHIC
ALCOHOL BASED SOLVENT, COMPOSITE 4.05-9 0172 4-05-003 A
N-PROPYL ALCOHOL 4.05-10 0304 4.05-003 B
GRAVURE
PAPERBOARD PRINTING 4.05-19 0181 4-05-005 A
SOLVENT ,
COMMERCIAL PRINTING 4.05-2.1 Q184
GENERAL PRINTING 4.05-22 0182
PERIODICAL PRINTING 4.05-20 0183 \
C
D
' B
LETTERPRESS
INKING & DRYING 4.05-4 0334 4-05-002 A
INKING PROCESS 4.05-5 0166 4-05-002 B
42
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
LITHOGRAPHY
INKING & DRYING
INKING &
PUMP SEALS
REFINERY
DRYING, CONTROLLED
(see Refinery)
CATALYTIC REFORMER
PROFILE TABLE
PAGE NO. KEY NO. NO.
4.05-1:4 0333 4-05-004 A
4.05-15 0332 4-05-004 B
3.06-43 0053 3-06-013
COMPRESSOR SEALS
NATURAL GAS
REFINERY GAS
COOLING
TOWERS
DRAINAGE/SEPARATION PITS
FCC BOILER
FLARES,
NATURAL GAS
3.06-37 0044 3-06-008 Y
3.06-38 0039 3-06-008 Z
3.06-10 0035 3-06-007
3.06-7 0031 3-06-005
3.06-4 0029 3-06-002
3.06-41 0051 3-06-009
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES
COMPOSITE
DISTILLATE
GASOLINE
GASOLINE, CRACKED
GAS -OIL STOCK
GAS PLANT
NAPHTHA
NATURAL GAS
3.06-13 0316 3-06-008 A
3.06-18 0318 3-06-008 F
3.06-14 0317
3.06-15 0319
3.06-16 0322
3.06-23 0036
3.06-19 0320
3.06-21 0323 <
B
C
D
L
G
' J
43
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
NATURAL GAS, WET & DRY 3.06-22
REFINERY GAS 3.06-20
REFORMATS STOCK 3.06-17
PUMP SEALS
COMPOSITE 3.06-28
DISTILLATE 3.06-33
GASOLINE 3.06-36
GASOLINE, CRACKED 3.06-30
GASOLINE, NATURAL 3.06-35
GASOLINE, STRAIGHT RUN 3.06-29
GAS-OIL STOCK 3.06-31
NAPHTHA 3.06-34
REFORMATE STOCK 3.06-32
RELIEF VALVES, LPG 3.06-25
TRAPS, WET NATURAL GAS COMPOSITE 3.06-24
RESIDENTIAL FUEL
NATURAL GAS 9.01-3
SHELLAC (see Surface Coating)
SINTERING (see Iron Production)
SOLID WASTE
ANIMAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION 9.49-9
INCINERATOR, BAR SCREEN WASTE 5.01-8
PROFILE TABLE
KEY NO. NO.
0041 3-06-008 K
0324
0309
H
E
0321 3-06-008 P
0311
0038
0310
0043
0312
0313
0315
0314
0047
0042 >
U
X
R
W
Q
s
V
T
N
M
0195 9-01-005
0203 9-49-999 B
0122 5-01-005
44
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
PROFILE
KEY NO.
TABLE
NO.
LANDFILL SITE, CLASS II
OPEN BURNING DUMP,
LANDSCAPE/PRUNING
9.49-5
5.01-4
0202
0121
9-49-999 A
5-01-002
SOLVENT STORAGE
(see: Surface Coating; Petroleum Storage; Cleaning Solvents)
SOLVENT USE
(see also Surface Coating)
DOMESTIC SOLVENTS, GENERAL 9.35-7 0197
PESTICIDES, DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL 9.35-11 0076
STEEL PRODUCTION
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE - 3.03-15 0016
OPEN HEARTH W/OXYGEN LANCE 3.03-13 0306
OPEN HEARTH W/OXYGEN LANCE,
CONTROLLED 3.03-14 0014
SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVE
9-35-
9-35-
3-03-
3-03-
-702
-705
•009 C
•009 A
3-03-009 B
AUTOMOTIVE VINYL TOP, SPRAY BOOTH 4.
BENZENE
FOSTER BOND SEAL NO. 107
LABEL
METAL FURNITURE
ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS
4.
4.
4.
4.
9.
02-37
02-39
02-3,8.
02-35
02-36
35-3
0285 4-02-007 C
0287
0145
0141
0142 >
F
E
A
t
' B
0196 9-35-103
45
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
CITRUS
DESCRIPTION
COATING WAX
BROGDEX 502
FLAVORSEAL 115-1800
FLAVORSEAL 320-1820
COATING
OVEN
PROFILE TABLE
PAGE NO. KEY NO. NO.
4.02-40 0293 4-02-999 A
4.02-42 0295 4-02-999 C
4.02-41 0294 4-02-999 B
AUTOMOTIVE
ENAMEL
LACQUER
PRIMER
VINYL TOP ADHESIVE
METAL
PARTS, GENERAL
ZINC CHROMATE, INFRARED DRYER
ENAMEL
AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
GENERAL, COMPOSITE
POLYESTER, MODIFIED ACRYLIC
WOOD FURNITURE COMPOSITE
LACQUER
AIRCRAFT COATING
AIRCRAFT PARTS
4.02-51 0162 4-02-008 E
4.02-52 0154 4-02-008 F
4.02-48 0279 4-02-008 B
4.02-50; 0286 4-02-008 D
4.02-47 0092 4-02-008 A
4.02-49: 0056 4-02-008 C
4.02-23 0164 4-02
4.02-24 0222
4.02-2Q 0156
4.02-21 0159
4.02-22 0157 ^
4.02-12 0155 4-02
4.02-18 0146
^
-005 D
E
A
B
C
-004 D
E
'
46
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
LXB-472-E SEMIGLOSS TOP COAT
METAL FURNITURE
PAPER PRODUCTS
PLASTIC COATING
PAINT
POLYMERIC, HOT AIR DRIED
SOLVENT
ACETONE
ETHYL ACETATE
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
PRIMER
AUTOMOTIVE, WATER BASED
SPRAY BOOTH
GENERAL
KOPPERS, A-1131-66, BLACK
KOPPERS, P-470-A-66, RED OXIDE
METAL FURNITURE
PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS
SHELL M-75
SOLVENT
MINERAL SPIRITS
MINERAL SPIRITS, SPECIATION,
NAPHTHA
PAGE NO.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.02-16
.02-15
.02-14
.02-19
.02-5
.02-6
.02-7
.02-8
.02-29.
.02-2:5
.02-32
.02-30
.02-27
.02-26
.02-34
.02-32
.02-33
.02-31
PROFILE TABLE
KEY NO. NO.
0147 4-rO:
0148
0149
0150
2-004 C
B
A
G
0125 4-02-001 A
0219
0220
0221 >
B
C
D
0280 4-02-006 E
0134
. 0281
0331
0136
0137
0284
0283
0225
0282
i
A
F
D
C
B
K
H
J
G
47
26200-795
-------
PROFILE ALPHABETICAL INDEX (CONTINUED)
DESCRIPTION
SOLVENT
BUTYL ACETATE
BUTYL ALCOHOL
CELLOSOLVE
DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE
ETHYL ALCOHOL
GENERAL
ISOPROPYL ACETATE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
LACTOL SPIRITS
METHYL ALCOHOL
VARNISH MANUFACTURE, BODYING OIL
VARNISH/SHELLAC
AIR CONVERTING VARNISH, LXH-221
BROLITE MIL-V-173B
GENERAL
RESIN, VARNISH
SOLVENT
XYLENE
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
AUTO TIRE PRODUCTION
VARNISH (see Surface Coating)
PAGE NO.
4.02-57
4.02-58
4.02-59
4.02-60
4.02-61
4.02-56
4.02-63
4.02-62
4.02-64
4.02-65
3.01-15
4.02-11
4.02-12
4.02-9
4.02-10
4.02-13
3.01-23
PROFILE TABLE
KEY NO. NO.
0288 4-02
0289
0290
0292
0226
0096
0228
0227
0229
0291 1
-009 B
C
D
E
F
A
H
G
J
K
0066 3-01-015
0278 4-02-003 C
0133
0127
0132
0223
^
D
A
B
E
0274 3-01-026 C
46
26200-795
-------
1-01 EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILERS
-------
1-01 EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILERS—RESIDUAL OIL
—DISTILLATE OIL
—NATURAL GAS
—REFINERY GAS
—COKE OVEN GAS
Process Description
External combustion sources include utility, industrial, commercial
and institutional boilers; commercial and domestic combustion units; process
heaters, furnaces, kilns, etc. Coal, oil and natural gas are the major
fossil fuels used by these sources.
Emissions?,3
As a rule, very small concentrations of hydrocarbons will be produced
during coal, oil and gas combustion. If a unit is operated improperly or not
maintained, as is the case with small, often unattended units, then the
resulting concentrations of these pollutants may increase by several orders
of magnitude.
Emission factors for various types of fossil fuels and boiler sizes
will be found in Sections 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 of the EPA document AP-42 (Ref. 3).
Controls
The normal procedure followed in controlling unburned or partially
burned hydrocarbon pollutants is to increase the combustion efficiency of the
unit rather than treatment at the exhaust stack. Because of the low concen-
trations of VOC found in the exhaust gas of a properly tuned device control equip-
ment is generally not necessary or practical.
2
Profile Basis
Flue gas samples were taken from the exhaust stacks of external
combustion boilers burning different fossil fuels using the portable sampling
train and procedure described in Appendix 2. Most tests involved taking one
sample, however, on selected sources two independent trains were used to
provide duplicate field samples. All organic species contributing at least
1% of the total organic composition are identified in the external combustion
profiles.
1-01-1 26200-795
-------
Data Qualification
Although only one test was performed for each of the fuels described
in the following profiles, the test locations were carefully selected on the
basis of the representative nature of their emissions to all other devices
of that particular type and fuel. As a result, these profiles should be
applicable to other non-tested sources as indicated by the applicable SCC
categories listed in the notes for each profile.
1.01-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 1-01-OO4
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILER
RESIDUAL OIL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOO1
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
PERCENT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 43212 N-BUTANE
2 43231 N-HEXANE
3 439O2 FORMALDEHYDE
4 43991 ACETONE
9 432O1 METHANE
TOTAL
58. 12
86. 17
3O. O3
38. OS
16.04
14. OO
9.00
42. OO
28.00
11.OO
1OO. OO
8. 41
2.02
48. 81
16. 82
23.94
100.00
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
4 CARBONYL
4 CARBONYL
6 METHANE
o
M
I
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~9~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
63. 99
. OO
.OO
37.22
.OO
16. O4
. OO
19. OO
.OO
.OO
70. OO
.OO
11. OO
.OO
1O.43
.00
.OO
69. 63
.OO
23.94
.OO
34.90
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA. AP-42 SECTION 1. 3
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 1-O1-OO4-O1.-O2.-O3 (REFER ALSO TO SUMMARY INDEX)
to
cr>
ro
O
o
i
vO
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 1-01-005
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILER
DISTILLATE OIL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO02
NONE
O
M
1
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
f
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
431 O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43233 N-HEPTANE
435O2 FORMALDEHYDE
TOTAL
1O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
72. 13
44. O9
58. 12
58. 12
72. 13
86. 17
100. 20
3O. O3
72.76
. 00
.00
30. 03
. 00
.00
.00
42. 96
PERCENT
WEIGHT
9. 2O
2. 6O
4. 7O
3. 30
1. 2O
12. 2O
4. 1O
4. 70
1O. 8O
. 30
4B. 7O
100. 00
31. 30
. 00
. 00
48. 70
. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA,
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
AP-42 SECTION
1. 3
l-O 1-005-01, -O2, -O3
PERCENT
VOLUME
2. 38
1. 12
1. 76
3.27
1. 16
t. 03
3. O3
2. 79
3. 37
. 13
69. 73
99.99
30.26
. OO
. OO
69.73
.00
.OO
. OO
99.99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
GC-MS ANALYSIS
(REFER ALSO
TO
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
CARBONYL
OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
SUMMARY INDEX)
to
CTl
[O
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 1-01-006
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILER
NATURAL GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO03
NONE
o
l->
Ln
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431 OS ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
4S2O2 TOLUENE
43302 FORMALDEHYDE
432O1 METHANE
432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
10 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
72. 13
84. 16
92. 13
3O. O3
16. O4
78. 11
1 62. 92
2 .00
3 92. 13
4 30. O3
5 . OO
6 16. O4
7 78. 11
23.23
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. OO
9. OO
4. OO
9. OO
6. OO
1. 00
2. OO
8.00
36. OO
4. OO
1OO. OO
30. OO
.OO
2. OO
8. OO
. OO
56. OO
4. OO
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
.28
2. 9O
2. 11
3. 6O
1. 93
.28
. 31
6. 17
81.04
1. 18
100. OO
11. 10
.00
. 51
6. 17
.00
81. O4
1. 18
10O. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
6
7
GC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA. AP-42 SECTION 1.4
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 1-01-OO6-01,
-O2, -03
(REFER ALSO
TO SUMMARY INDEX)
O
O
-J
<£>
(Ji
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 1-01-007
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILER
REFINERY GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO04
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
432O4
43212
43214
432O9
439O2
432O1
432O2
CHEMICAL
NAME
PROPANE
N-BUTANE
ISOBUTANE
PROPYLENE
FORMALDEHYDE
METHANE
ETHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
SB. 12
58. 12
42. OS
3O. O3
16. O4
30.07
PERCENT
WEIGHT
18. 9O
23. 1O
4. 4O
17. SO
7. 6O
7. 6O
2O. 9O
100. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
19. 65
14. 52
2.77
15. 18
9.23
17. 29
25. 36
100. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
2
4
6
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
CARBONYL
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
o
I-1
CTi
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
51.
42.
.
3O.
16.
3O.
45
08
00
O3
OO
04
07
46.
17.
7.
7.
20.
4O
5O
00
6O
00
60
90
32.
15.
9.
.
17.
25.
94
18
00
23
OO
29
36
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
36. 51
10O. 00 100. 00
NOTES:
A.
B.
C.
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA, AP-42 SECTION NONE
APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 1-O1-O07-01, -O2. 1-O2-OO7-01,
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
-O2. -03
CTl
NJ
O
o
I
-~J
ID
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 1-02-008
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION BOILER
COKE OVEN GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY OOO5
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
SAROAD
CODE
43203
4320S
432O6
432O1
43202
45201
CHEMICAL
NAME
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
28.
42.
26.
16.
30.
78.
OS
OS
O4
O4
O7
11
PERCENT
WEIGHT
11.
82.
2.
1.
100.
70
3O
80
80
50
90
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
7.
90.
1.
100.
29
12
34
18
43
42
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
2
2
3
6
7
7
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
o
M
I
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~6~~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
28.
26.
16.
40.
00
28
OO
OO
04
O4
86
12.
82.
4.
00
OO
00
00
80
80
40
7.
9O.
I.
OO
41
00
00
54
18
87
17. 46
100. 00
10O. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA, AP-42 SECTION NONE
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 1-02-O08-O2, 3-90-OO7-O2, 3-90-OOB-01, -99
OC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
NJ
O
O
I
(Ji
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for the
Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004,
April 1978.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Station-
ary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I & II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Trinagle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
1.01-8 26200-795
-------
2-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
-------
2-01 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, STATIONARY SOURCES
Process Description
Engines included in this category are internal combustion (1C) engines
used in applications similar to those associated with external combustion
sources. The major engines in this category are gas turbines and large,
heavy duty, general utility reciprocating engines. Stationary internal com-
bustion engines find applications in electrical power generators, in gas pipe-
line pump and compressor drives and in various process industries. The maj-
ority of gas turbines are used in electrical generation for continuous, peaking
or stand-by power. The primary fuels used are natural gas and No. 2 (distil-
late) fuel oil, although residual oil is used in a few applications.
_ . 1,2
Emissions
The organic emission factor data presented in Section 3.3, "Off-
Highway, Stationary Sources" in AP-42 (Ref. 1) are for very large stationary
engines in the 800 hp category which are much larger than those typically found
in the California South Coast Air Basin. The results of tests conducted by
KVB, Inc. on 1C engines also resulted in large emission rates (Ref. 2), how-
ever, insufficient data were obtained to generalize an emission factor for
these engines. The AP-42 values appear reasonable, although it should be
recognized that emission rates for the smaller 1C engines may be much greater.
2
Controls
Although stationary 1C engines are a significant source of organic
emissions, control equipment to reduce these emissions is not yet required.
Hydrocarbon emissions from 1C engines can be reduced by: (a) improved operating
practice, (b) proper maintenance, (c) improved equipment design, (d) fuel
substitution, and (e) add-on devices such as catalytic converters.
2-01~1 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis
Field test samples of fuel combustion exhaust from 1C engines burning
different fuels were taken using the portable sampling train and procedures
described in Appendix 2. Profile 2-02-002A was determined from one test on a
natural gas burning 1C engine driving a compressor at a refinery. Flue gas
flow rate was 1679 SCFM and gas temperature was 660 °F. Profile 2-02-002B
is a composite of four tests on separate well pump engines at an oil field.
These were six cylinder, four cycle, 30 hp, Buda engines operating on natural
gas.
Engineering evaluation of literature data was used to develop profiles
2-01-003, diesel fuel turbine and 2-02-001, distillate oil reciprocating
engine (Ref. 3) .
Data Qualification
The source tests and literature data used were carefully selected on
the basis of the representative nature of their emissions to other devices of
that particular type and fuel. Therefore, the following profiles for 1C
engines may be correctly applied to other sources as evidenced by the appli-
cable SCC categories listed in the notes for each profile.
2.01-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 2-01-OO2
INTERNAL COMBUSTIME ENGINE.ELECTRICAL GENERATION
NATURAL GAS TURBINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOO7
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
SAROAD
CODE
433O2
432O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
FORMALDEHYDE
METHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
3O. O3
16. O4
PERCENT
WEIGHT
30.00
70.00
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
18. 63
81.37
too. oo
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4
6
CARBONYL
METHANE
to
o
I-1
I
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
. OO
. OO
.00
3O. O3
. OO
16. O4
.00
. OO
.OO
.00
30.00
. OO
70.00
.00
.OO
. OO
.00
18.63
.OO
81.37
.00
2 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
18. 65
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA. AP-42 SECTION 3. 3
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 2-O1-OO2-O1, 2-O2-OO2-O1.
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
to
cn
to
o
o
i
-o
VD
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 2-01-003
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,
DIESEL FUEL, RECIPROCATING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
ELECTRICAL GENERATION
CONTROL DEVICE. NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O008
NONE
to
o
h-1
I
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
432O3
43203
43213
43218
43206
43201
43202
452O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTENE
1,3-BUTADIENE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
0 COMPOUNDS OF
4 COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
0 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
28.
42.
56.
34.
26.
16.
30.
78.
36.
26.
16.
55.
31.
O3
O8
1O
07
O4
O4
O7
11
00
83
00
00
O4
04
07
70
PERCENT
WEIGHT
28.
17.
13.
7.
11.
11.
2.
7.
100.
66.
11.
11.
10.
100.
7O
3O
4O
OO
3O
6O
8O
90
OO
00
40
00
00
30
60
7O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
32.
13.
7.
4.
13.
22.
2.
3.
100.
57.
13.
22.
6.
100.
43
O4
38
O9
76
93
93
20
00
OO
16
00
OO
76
93
15
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
2 OLEFIN
2 OLEFIN
2 OLEFIN
2 OLEFIN
3 MISCELLANEOUS
6 METHANE
7 NON-REACTIVE
7 NON-REACTIVE
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN. KVB ENGINEER. AP-42 SECTION 3. 3
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 2-01-O03-01. 2-O2-OO4-O1
cr*
(O
o
o
I
~J
10
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 2-02-001
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, INDUSTRIAL
DISTILLATE OIL, RECIPROCATING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY 0009
to
o
I
on
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
SAROAD
CODE
43203
432O5
43213
43218
432O6
432O1
432O2
452O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTENE
1. 3-BUTADIENE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
0 COMPOUNDS OF
4 COMPOUNDS OF
0 COMPOUNDS OF
0 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION 1
CLASSIFICATION 2
CLASSIFICATION 3
CLASSIFICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION 5
CLASSIFICATION 6
CLASSIFICATION 7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
28.
42.
36.
54.
26.
16.
30.
78.
36.
26.
16.
55.
31.
05
O8
1O
09
O4
O4
O7
11
00
83
00
OO
O4
04
07
70
PERCENT
WEIGHT
28.
17.
13.
7.
11.
11.
2.
7.
100.
66.
11.
11.
10.
100.
70
3O
40
OO
3O
6O
8O
9O
00
OO
40
00
00
30
6O
7O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
32.
13.
7.
4.
13.
22.
Z.
3.
10O.
57.
.
13.
22.
6.
10O.
45
04
58
O9
76
93
93
2O
00
00
16
OO
00
76
93
15
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
2
2
2
2
3
6
7
7
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: T.W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER, AP-42 SECTION 3. 3
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 2-02-OO1-02
to
01
to
O
O
U1
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 2-02-O02A
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
NATURAL CAS. RECIPROCATING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
INDUSTRIAL
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO1O
NONE
I
cn
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
432O3 ETHYLENE
43502 FORMALDEHYDE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.09
38. 12
38. 12
28. O3
3O. O3
16. 04
3O. O7
45. 89
28. O5
. OO
3O. O3
. OO
16.04
30.07
18. 51
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1O. OO
l.OO
1. OO
1. OO
1. OO
76. OO
1O. OO
100.00
12. OO
1.00
.00
1.00
.00
76.00
1O. OO
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA.
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
PERCENT
VOLUME
4. 2O
.31
. 31
. 67
.61
87.72
6. 17
99.99
4.82
.67
.OO
. 61
. OO
87. 72
6. 17
99.99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
2 OLEFIN
4 CARBONYL
6 METHANE
7 NON-REACTIVE
CC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
AP-42 SECTION 3. 3
2-02-002-02
ro
en
K)
o
o
VD
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 2-02-002B
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
NATURAL GAS. RECIPROCATING,
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
INDUSTRIAL, COMPOSITE
30 HP,4 CYCLE, 6 CYL. , BUDA
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O3O8
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
SAROAD
CODE
43204
432O3
432O9
432O6
432O1
43202
CHEMICAL
NAME
PROPANE
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.
28.
42.
26.
16.
3O.
09
OS
O8
O4
O4
O7
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2.
93.
2.
1OO.
4O
SO
10
90
50
6O
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 13
1. 47
. 03
. 58
96. 33
1. 44
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
2
5
6
7
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
to
o
I
-o
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
44. O9
28.33
.OO
.OO
26. O4
16. O4
3O. O7
. 4O
2. 6O
. OO
. OO
. 9O
93. 5O
2. 6O
. 15
1. 5O
. OO
. OO
. 58
96. 33
1. 44
16. 53
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbons from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin, Vol. I and II,
KVB, Inc., June 1978.
3. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
2.01-8 26200-795
-------
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
3-01 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-02 FOOD/AGRICULTURE
3-03 PRIMARY METALS
3-05 MINERAL PRODUCTS
3-06 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-30 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
3-90 IN-PROCESS FUEL
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-015 VARNISH—BODYING OIL, GENERAL
1 2
Process Description '
Varnish is a clear coating produced by chemical reactions at elevated
temperatures. Varnish is generally defined as an unpigmented coating consist-
ing of resins, oils, thinners, and dryers which forms a film by evaporation
of the solvents and by oxidation and polymerization of the remaining con-
stituents. The two basic types of varnish are spirit varnishes and oleo-
resinous varnishes.
The cooking process is the most important step in any varnish-making
operation. Varnish is cooked in open or enclosed gas-fired kettles for periods
of 4 to 16 hours at temperatures of 200 to 650 °F (93 to 340 °C) depending
upon the particular batch being processed. The average plant produces 280
tons of varnish per year. For further process details, consult AP-40 (Ref. 2).
Emissions '
The cooking and thinning operations are the major sources of hydrocarbon
emissions in the varnish manufacturing process. The average batch starts to
release vapors at about 350 °F (177 °C) and reaches its maximum rate of
release at approximately the same time the maximum cooking temperature is
reached. Obviously, the open kettle allows the vaporized material to be
emitted to the atmosphere more than the closed kettle operation. The ad-
dition of solvents and thinners during the cooking process also results in the
emissions of hydrocarbons to the atmosphere, especially if the thinning process
is carried out in open tanks.
The quantity, composition and rate of emissions depend upon:
ingredients in the cooker
maximum kettle temperature level
. method of blending in additives
degree of stirring
cooking time, and
extent of air or inert gas blowing
3-01-1 26200-795
-------
The average uncontrolled and controlled hydrocarbon emissions for
varnish manufacturing are shown below.
TABLE OF HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM VARNISH MANUFACTURING
Hydrocarbon Emissions
% (Based on 280 Tons/Yr)
Type of Operation and Control Control Ib/ton kg/mt Ib/hr kg/hr
Mixing and cooking, uncontrolled 0 370 185 11.8 5.35
Mixing and cooking, with incinerator 99 3.7 1.85 .12 0.05
Ref. 1
Profile 3-01-015 presents an estimation of the volatile organic
species emitted from a varnish manufacturing process.
Controls
The varnish industry controls emissions mainly for economic reasons.
Equipment used by the industry to reduce process emissions include scrubbers,
absorbers, adsorbers, and afterburners. Sublimation and solvent reformulation
are also practiced. Incineration of organic gases is one certain method far
elimination of organic compounds and their associated odors. Catalytic oxi-
dation has also been used with some success in controlling hydrocarbon emissions
from varnish-making operations. Consult AP-40 for specific information on
control equipment and procedures (Ref. 2).
3 4
Profile Basis '
Data contained within Profile 3-01-015 were developed from engineering
evaluation of survey data provided in Reference 3.
Data Qualification
The previously mentioned emission factors may be used to estimate the
volatile organic emissions from a varnish-manufacturing operation. Emission
factor application and limitation information is discussed in Reference 1.
Profile 3-01-015 may be used to characterize the volatile organic emissions
from a bodying oil type mixing and cooking operation.
3.01-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-015
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
VARNISH MANUFACTURER. BODYING OIL. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO66
NONE
U)
o
I
U)
LINE SARQAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 43551 ACETONE 58. OB
2 43552 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 72. 1O
3 4356O METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 1OO. 16
4 43367 GLYCOL ETHER 62. O7
38. 7O
41. 60
16. 7O
3. OO
TOTAL 10O. OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . 00
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 68. 80
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 62. 07
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 00
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . 00
.00
. OO
. OO
97.00
3. 00
. OO
. 00
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 68. 58 1OO. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O1-015-01
DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
45. 68 4 CARBONYL
39. 57 4 CARBONYL
11.45 4 CARBONYL
3. 29 5 MISCELLANEOUS
99. 99
.00
. OO
. OO
96. 70
3. 29
. OO
. OO
99.99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D,
to
O
o
I
-j
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and Appli-
cable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC,
EPA 34d/l-78-004, April 1978.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), " Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. MRC-DA-487, "Source Assessment: Prioritization of Air Pollution from
Industrial Surface Coating Operations," EPA-650/2-75-019-a), PB 243-
243/1BA.
4. Taback, H. J. , et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and II, KVB,
Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.01-4 26200-795
-------
3-01
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS—CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-018 PLASTICS—PVC, GENERAL
—POLYPROPYLENE, GENERAL
Process Description
The manufacture of most resins or plastics begins with the poly-
merization or linking of the basic compound (monomer), usually a gas or
liquid, into high molecular weight noncrystalline solids. The manufacture
of the basic monomer is not considered part of the plastics industry and is
usually accomplished at a chemical or petroleum plant.
The manufacture of most plastics involves an enclosed reaction or
polymerization step, a drying step, and a final treating and forming step.
These plastics are polymerized or otherwise combined in completely enclosed
stainless steel or glass-lined vessels. Treatment of the resin after poly-
merization varies with the proposed use. Resins for moldings are dried and
crushed or ground into molding powder. Resins such as the alkyl resins that
are to be used for protective coatings are normally transferred to an agitated
thinning tank, where they are thinned with .solvent and then
stored in large steel tanks equipped with water-cooled condensers to prevent
loss of solvent to the atmosphere. Still other resins are stored in latex form
as they come from the reaction kettle.
Emissions
The major sources of air contamination in plastics manufacturing are
the emissions of raw materials or monomers, emissions of solvents or other
volatile liquids during the reaction, emissions of sublimed solids such as
phthalic anhydride in alkyd production, and emissions of solvents during
storage and handling of thinned resins. Emission factors for the manufacture
of plastics as reported in AP-42 (Ref. 1) are shown below.
EMISSION FACTORS FOR PLASTICS
MANUFACTURING WITHOUT CONTROLS
EMISSION FACTOR RATING: E
Type of plastic
Poly vinyl chloride
Polypropylene
General
Particulate
Ib/ton
35a
3
5 10
kg/MT
17. 5a
1.5
2.5 5
Gases
Ib/ton
17b
0.7°
kg/MT
8.5b
0.35"
a Usually controlled with a fabric filter efficiency of
98 to 99 percent.
As vinyl chloride.
As propylene.
3.01-5
26200-795
-------
The VOC's emitted during the storage of solvents and thinned resins can
be calculated based on the information contained within API Bulletins 2517
and 2523 (Refs 2 & 3). Profiles 3-01-018 A and B characterize the VOC
emissions from polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene plastic manufacturing,
respectively (Refs. 4 & 5) .
Controls
The control equipment used in the plastics industry is usually a
basic part of the system and serves to recover a reactant or product. These
controls generally include:
floating roof tanks for solvent and thinned resin storage
vapor recovery systems on volatile material
- adsorption
- condensers
. storage units
purge lines that vent to a flare system, and
vapor recovery systems on vacuum exhaust lines
4 5
Profile Basis '
Profiles 3-01-018 A and B are based on an engineering evaluation of
the process material handled for polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene pro-
duction.
Data Qualification
AP-42 should be consulted for further information on the development
of the presented emission factors. Profiles 3-01-018 A and B may be used
to characterize the VOC emissions from a polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene
plastics manufacturing facility.
3.01-6 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-D1-0ISA
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
PLASTICS, PVC, GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY OO67
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43860
VINYL CHLORIDE
TOTAL
62. SO
100. OO
1OO. OO
100.00
1OO. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
u>
o
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION. 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
62.
OO
00
OO
OO
50
OO
00
. OO
. 00
.OO
. OO
100.00
.OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
. OO
1OO. OO
.00
. OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
62. 5O
1OO. OO 1OO. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: PVC RESIN MANUFACTURERS
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O1-O18-O1
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
to
C^
to
o
o
I
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-0IBB
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
PLASTICS. POLYPROPYLENE. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO68
NONE
ui
o
I-1
oo
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
1 432O5 PROPYLENE
TOTAL
0
1
O
O
O
O
0
1
NOTES: A
B
C
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
42. OB
. 00
42. OS
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
42. OB
PERCENT
WEIGHT
100. 00
100. 00
. 00
10O. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
10O. 00
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
REFERENCES: POLYPROPYLENE MANUFACTURER
APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-01-O18-O2
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 2 OLEFIN
100. 00
.00
1OO. 00
.00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
NJ
CT>
to
O
O
I
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Petrochemical Evaporation Loss from Storage Tanks, American
Petroleum Institute, Bulletin 2523, November 1969.
3. Evaporation Loss from Floating-Roof Tanks, American Petroleum
Institute, Bulletin 2517, February 1962.
4. Sonnichsen, T. W., Engineer, KVB, Inc.
5. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vol. I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3-01-9 26200-795
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-019 PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
. 1-3
Process Description
Phthalic anhydride (PAN) is produced by the vapor phase oxidation of
naphthalene or o-xylene with excess air in fixed or fluid bed catalytic con-
verters using some form of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst. Regardless of
which chemical is used as feedstock, the processes are similar. Air and a
raw material, either o-xylene or naphthalene, are fed to the reactor as a
heated vaporized mixture. After the oxidation process takes place, the
process vapors pass through gas coolers and condensers where the anhydride
is separated from the process air stream. The condensed phthalic anhydride
is melted and purified by fractionation and then stored. The process air
stream is generally passed through a wet scrubber or thermal incinerator
before venting to the atmosphere. The average phthalic anhydride plant pro-
duces approximately 20,700 tons of finished product yearly.
CT . .. 1,2,4
Emissions
The greatest contributor of VOC emissions is the reactor and condenser
effluent which is vented from the condenser unit. Particulates, sulfur oxides
(from o-xylene-based production), and carbon monoxide constitute the major
pollutants found in the process gas stream. In addition to this source, there
are four minor sources of organic emissions which include:
1. Feed and product storage tanks.
2. Process refining vents.
3. Flaking and bagging operation.
4. Loss of heat transfer medium (Dowtherm A).
The uncontrolled and controlled hydrocarbon emissions from phthalic anhydride
manufacturing as reported in Reference-1 are shown below.
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE MANUFACTURING
Type of
Operation and Control
Reactor & condenser effluent, uncontrolled
Reactor & condenser effluent, incinerator
Reactor & condenser effluent, scrubber
Control
0
99
95
Hydrocarbons (Based on 2.4 tons/hr)
Ibs/ton
130
1.3
6
kg/MT
65
0.65
3
Ibs/hr
312
3. 1
14.4
kg/hr
142
1.9
6.5
3.01-10
26200-795
-------
Profile 3-01-019T-B presents the VOC emissions measured downstream of a
thermal incinerator treating the PAN reactor and condenser effluent for
o-xylene feedstock based PAN Process (Ref. 4). Effluent flow rate was
measured at 28,000 SCFM. PAN production was reported to be 2.1 tons/hr.
Profile 3-01-019-A presents the VOC emissions from a PAN liquid waste sump
vent. A flow rate of 63 SCFM was measured using an anemometer (Ref. 4).
Controls
Controls designed to reduce or eliminate VOC pollutants contained in
the main process stream (reactor and condenser effluent) consist basically of:
Wet scrubbers
Incineration—direct-flame
—catalytic
Combination of above
Further information on control eqiupment and its limitations can be found in
AP-40 (Ref. 5).
4
Profile Basis
Profile 3-01-019-A is based on a grab sample of the gas coming off of
a PAN liquid waste sump. Flow rate was determined using an anemometer.
Profile 3-01-019-B is based on a sampling train catch of a controlled
(thermal incinerator), o-xylene feedstock based PAN process stream. Samples
were collected by means of glass gas-collecting bottles plus NIOSH type
charcoal tubes downstream of a thermal incinerator. Stack gas flow rate was
determined through the use of an "S" type pitot tube and thermometer.
Data Qualification
The above mentioned emission factors may be used to estimate the
total VOC emissions from either of the two basic PAN processes. Profile
3-01-019-B may be used to characterize the controlled (thermal incineration)
process stream VOC emissions from a PAN process using o-xylene feedstock.
Profile 3-01-019A may be used to characterize the VOC emissions from a
PAN liquid waste sump.
3-01-11 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O1-O19A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE. PROCESS WASTE SUMP
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO71
NONE
OJ
o
!-•
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
86. 17
84. 16
1 65. 60
2 . OO
3 . OO
4 . OO
5 . OO
6 . OO
7 .00
65. 60
PERCENT
WEIGHT
22. 60
1O. SO
33. 9O
21. 4O
11. 30
100. OO
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
.00
OO
. 00
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-01-O19-O3
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
2O. 33 1 PARAFFIN
16. O9 1 PARAFFIN
38. 28 1 PARAFFIN
16. 28 1 PARAFFIN
8. 80 1 PARAFFIN
10O. OO
1OO. 00
. 00
.00
. 00
.00
.00
. OO
100. 00
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
cn
NJ
O
o
i
-j
ID
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-O19B
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, PROCESS INCINERATOR
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: INCINERATOR
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O276
U)
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
432O9 PROPYLENE
43331 ACETONE
432O6 ACETYLENE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
38. 12
42.08
58. O8
26. 04
16. O4
3O. 07
1 53. 79
2 42. OS
3 . OO
4 38.08
5 26. O4
6 16. O4
7 3O. O7
18. 33
PERCENT
WEIGHT
. 9O
2. 2O
. 4O
3. 10
8. 6O
4. 40
BO. OO
. 4O
1OO. OO
3. 3O
3. 10
. OO
8. 60
4. 4O
BO. OO
. 4O
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 37
. 70
. 13
1. 36
2. 71
3. 1O
91. 41
. 24
1OO. O2
1. 2O
1. 36
.00
2. 71
3. 1O
91. 41
.24
1OO. 02
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
2
4
3
6
7
GC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH AT INCINERATOR OUTLET
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA .340/1-78-004, April 1978,
2. Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Shreve, R. N. , and Brink, J. A., Jr., "Chemical Process Industries,"
Fourth Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
4. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I
and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
5. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual, "
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40,
May 1973.
3.01-14 26200-795
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-020 PRINTING INKS—COOKING, GENERAL
Process Description
Printing inks consist of a fine dispersion of pigments or dyes in a
vehicle which may be a drying oil with or without natural or synthetic resins
and.added driers or thinners.
The major classes of printing ink are:
letterpress
lithographic
flexographic
rotogravure
The major steps involved in the manufacturing of printing inks are:
cooking the vehicle and adding the dyes
grinding the pigment into the vehicle using a roller mill
replacing water in the wet pigment pulp by an ink vehicle
(commonly known as the flushing process)
Emissions
Vehicle preparation by heating is the largest source of hydrocarbon
emissions from ink manufacturing. At 350°F (175°C) the resins, drying oils,
petroleum oils and solvents decompose, and the decomposition products are
emitted from the cooking vessel. The emissions continue throughout the
cooking process, reaching a maximum just after the maximum temperature has
been reached.
The quantity, composition, and rate of VOC emissions from ink
manufacturing depend upon the following process variables:
cooking time and temperature
ingredients
method of introducing additives
degree of stirring, and
extent of air and gas blowing
3-01-15 26200-795
-------
The estimated organic emissions from a typical ink manufacturing
process are listed below.
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM PRINTING INK MANUFACTURE
Type of Operation and Control
General Vehicle Cooking, uncontrolled
General Vehicle cooking with Scrubber
& Afterburner
Oil Vehicle Cooking, uncontrolled
Oil Vehicle Cooking with Scrubber
& Afterburner
Oleoresinous Vehicle Cooking, uncontrolled
Oleoresinous Vehicle Cooking with Scrubber
& Afterburner
Cooking of Alkyds, uncontrolled
Cooking of Alkyds with Scrubber
& Afterburner
Control
0
90
0
90
0
90
0
90
Hydrocarbon Emissions
(based on 924 .tons/yr)
Ib/ton
120
12
40
4
150
15
160
16
kg/MT
60
5.4
20
1.8
75
6.8
80
7.3
Ib/hr
12.0
1.2
4.0
0.4
15.0
kg/hr
5.4
0.54
1.8
0.18
6.8
1.5 0.68
16.0
1.6
7.3
0.73
Source: Ref. I
Profile 3-01-020 presents the estimated VOC emissions applicable to
a typical printing ink manufacturer (Ref. 3).
Control1'4
Volatile hydrocarbon emissions from vehicle cooking can generally be
reduced by 90% through the use of scrubbers or condensers followed by an
afterburner. AP-40 offers a thorough explanation of the advantages and limita-
tions of each type of control .device (Ref. 4).
Profile Basis '
Profile 3-01-020 is based on an engineering evaluation of an
organic emissions control strategy report by Trijonas (Ref. 6).
Data Qualification
Reference 1 should be consulted for further information on the
development and limitations of the presented hydrocarbon emission factors.
Profile 3-01-020 may be used to characterize the VOC emissions' from
a typical ink manufacturing process.
3.01-16
26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O1-O2O
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
PRINTING INK COOKING. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO72
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT
114. OO
84. 16
451O6 ISOMERS OF DIETHYLBENZENE 134. 21
4S2O3 ETHYLBENZENE
43551 ACETONE
43552 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
433O1 METHYL ALCOHOL
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O5 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43435 N-BUTYL ACETATE
TOTAL
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
B. REFERENCES: PRINTING INK
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
1O6. 16
58. O8
72. 10
32. O4
46. O7
6O. O9
74. 12
116. 16
1 1O7. 78
2 . OO
3 1 19. 67
4 63.98
5 57. 2O
6 . OO
7 . OO
70.45
WEIGHT
25. 5O
5. OO
3. 5O
3. OO
5. 50
5. OO
5. OO
2. SO
38. OO
3. OO
4. OO
1OO. OO
3O. 50
. 00
6. 5O
10. 5O
52. 50
.00
.00
100. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
MANUFACTURER
: 3-01-020-01.
-99
PERCENT
VOLUME
15. 80
4. 16
1. 83
1. 97
6. 70
4. 87
11.00
3. 81
44. 57
2. 89
2. 40
1OO. OO
19. 96
. OO
3. 80
11. 57
64.67
. OO
.OO
1OO. OO
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
NJ
[O
O
O
I
-O
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978,
2. Shreve, R. N., and Brink, J. A., Jr., "Chemical Process Industries,"
Fourth Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
3. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission. Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
AP-40, May 1973.
5. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vol. I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
6. Trijonas, J. C. and Arledge, K. W., "Impact of Reactivity Criteria
on Organics Emission Control Strategies in the Metropolitan Los
Angeles AQCR," EPA-600/3-76-091, August 1976.
3.01-18 26200-795
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-026 SYNTHETIC RUBBER—AUTO TIRE PRODUCTION, GENERAL
Process Description
The automobile tire is initially built up as a cylinder on a collap-
sible, round rotating drum. Layers of cords embedded in a proper compound
are applied, one layer tying the beads together in one direction and another
layer in another direction. The beads—wire cables embedded in a tough, hard
rubber-are "stitched" to the tire by folding the end of the cord fabric over.
Last, the tread formed by extrusion is laid on, and the ends lapped together.
The tire-building drum is collapsed, and the cylindrical tire removed and
placed on a press. Here an inflatable rubber bag, usually made from butyl
rubber and on a movable stem, is blown up inside the tire; the press mold is
simultaneously closed, giving the tire a doughnut shape. Heat is applied
through the mold and by steam inside the bag. Excess rubber escapes through
weep holes and, after a timed cure at preselected temperature, the tire is
formed. Present-day tires may be tubeless, with the. air-retentive layer
built in, or an inner tube extruded from butyl rubber may be used. Butyl
rubber, although a very "dead" rubber, has outstanding resistance to passage
of air.
Radial tires require a slightly different method of assembly from the
traditional bias cord tires. Belts of rayon, polyester, fiberglass and
steel are all being used.
2
Emissions
Emissions of VOC's to the atmosphere can occur during the manu-
facturing of automotive tires where the evaporation of a solvent, curing
of an adhesive, tire painting, tire molding, or the thermal breakdown of
rubber occurs.
Quantitative and qualitative tests (Ref. 2) were performed at a
typical automotive tire manufacturing plant. The tire processing devices
and their associated emission rates are presented below. Gas1 samples were
collected from the exhaust vents of specified processing equipment
downstream of any control device.
3-01-19 26200-795
-------
Hydrocarbon
Device Control Profile Reported Solvent Emissions
Description Device No. and/or Adhesive Ib/hr g/scf Other
Tuber Cement None A Std 200 Thinner + 51.6 4.59 0.10 lb/
Unit Shell Sol M-48 tire (a)
White Sidewall None B n-hexane 62.2 7.72 (b)
Tuber Unit
Bead Dip Tank None C Std 200 Thinner +49.3 5.98 (c)
Shell Sol M-48
(a)Average size tire
^Adhesive is applied to a variety of tire components in ribbon form;
therefore emission rates cannot be related to the quantity of tires
processed.
Hydrocarbons continuously evaporating from tank; not valid to relate
to tires or beads processed.
Controls
Control of gaseous hydrocarbons resulting from the manufacture of
automobile tires generally take the form of charcoal adsorbers, direct-flame
and catalytic incineration, chemical absorbers, vapor condensation, process
and material changes, and improved maintenance. For a thorough discussion
of the above-mentioned control devices, refer to References 2 and 3.
2
Profile Basis
Gaseous hydrocarbon samples were taken in the exhaust ducts down-
stream of any control equipment. Vapor samples were collected using a gas
collecting bottle followed by two NIOSH type charcoal tubes. Identification
and quantification of the organic compound species was made using a gas chroma-
tograph (Poropak column). The results are presented in profiles 3-01-026-A,
B and C. Exhaust mass flow rate determinations were made using an "S"
type pitot tube; temperature measurements were by thermometer.
Data Qualification
The following profiles only apply to the specified tire manufactur-
ing equipment employing the specified solvents and/or adhesive. Any alter-
ation as to process rate, emissions control, and process material such as
adhesive composition, would invalidate the presented emission factors and
profiles.
3.01-20 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O1-026A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING,
AUTOMOTIVE TIRES, TUBER ADHESIVE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0272
NONE
OJ
o
I
tO
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLDPARAFFINS
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
43262 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
432O2 TOLUENE
492O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
1OO.
114.
98.
112.
86.
1OO.
114.
84.
84.
92.
78.
1 93.
2
3 92.
4
5
6
7 78.
92.
COMPOSITE
20
23
19
23
17
2O
23
16
16
13
11
00
00
13
OO
00
OO
11
50
PERCENT
WEIGHT
4.
43.
6.
3.
1.
16.
17.
2.
100.
96.
2.
100.
70
8O
2O
OO
80
9O
4O
30
7O
4O
SO
00
80
00
40
00
00
00
80
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4.
4O.
4.
6.
1.
17.
19.
3.
100.
96.
3.
100.
34 1
63 1
67
99
19
76
37
93
41
37 3
33 7
01
31
00
37
OO
OO
00
33
01
GC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
OF CRAB SAMPLE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-01-026-20
to
en
to
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-01-026B
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC RUBBER
AUTOMOBILE TIRES, TUBER ADHESIVE, WHITE SIDEWALL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0273
NONE
I
M
to
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O9 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43242 CYCLOPENTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
43262 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
86. 17
7O. 14
84. 16
84. 16
78. 11
85. 40
.00
-OO
-OO
.OO
.00
78. 11
84. 79
PERCENT
WEIGHT
24. 2O
. 20
33. 6O
. 2O
. 40
33. 70
7. 7O
100. OO
92. 30
.00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
7. 7O
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE: SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 2)
3-D 1-026-20
PERCENT
VOLUME
23. 81
. 17
33. 03
. 29
.42
33. 9O
8. 37
99.99
91. 6O
.00
.00
.00
.00
.OO
8.39
99.99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
7 NON-REACTIVE
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
to
en
NJ
o
o
i
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-026C
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING,
AUTOMOBILE TIRE PRODUCTION
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0274
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
SAROAD
CODE
43113
43116
43248
43262
CHEMICAL
NAME
C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
CYCLOHEXANE
METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
98.
112.
84.
84.
19
23
16
16
PERCENT
WEIGHT
99. 84
. 08
. O4
. O4
100. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
99. 71
. 1O
. 1O
. 1O
1OO. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
U)
o
I
NJ
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~4~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
98.
18
00
00
OO
00
OO
00
100. 00
. 00
. OO
00
. 00
. OO
. OO
100. 01
. 00
. 00
.00
. OO
. 00
. OO
98. 18
10O. OO
100. Ol
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O1-O26-2O
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
cn
M
o
o
I
Ul
-------
REFERENCES
1. Shreve, R. N. and. Brink, J. A., "Chemical Process Industries,"
Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vol. I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
AP-40, May 1973.
3.01-24 26200-795
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-125 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
1 2
Process Description '
The preparation of ethylene dichloride almost always centers around
large plants using a balanced combination of two processes: direct chlorination
of ethylene with chlorine; oxychlorination in which ethylene, hydrogen
chloride, and oxygen react to form the same product. The annual production of
a typical plant is 208,000 tons per year.
In the direct chlorination process, chlorine and ethyelene are fed into
a reactor where the reaction takes place under 100-120°F (38-49°C) and 10-20
PSIG. Crude ethylene dichloride emerges from the reactor in liquid form and
is purified by passage through a series of condensers, separators, and wash
towers.
In the oxychlorination process, ethylene, oxygen, and hydrochloric
acid are fed to a fixed or fluid bed reactor where crude ethylena dichloride
is absorbed from- the' gas stream and the non-condensible gases are vented to
the atmosphere. The crude product is refined in a finishing system.
Emissions
The quantity of hydrocarbons released to the atmosphere is considerably
lower for the direct chlorination process than for the oxychlorination process.
The major source of emissions from the direct chlorination processes is the
gas vented from the scrubbing column. This gas stream contains small amounts
of ethylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, and impurities in the feed.
The vent gas from the oxychlorination process is also a key source of atmos-
pheric emissions. In both cases, emission rates may vary due to significant
differences in product recovery systems. Ethyelene dichloride may also be
3-01-25 26200-795
-------
released by storage tanks. Controlled and uncontrolled hydrocarbon emissions
from a typical ethylene dichloride plant are presented below,
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE MANUFACTURE
Hydrocarbon Emissions
(Based on 24 tons/hr)
Direct Chlorination with
Incineration of Vent Gases
Oxychlorination with
Incineration of Vent Gases
Storage
%
Control
0
80
90
99
0
80
90
99
0
Ibs/
Ton of
Product
5-8
1-1.6
0.5-0.8
0.05-0.08
50-140
10-28
5-14
0.05-1.4
1.2
kg/
M Ton of
Product
2.5-4
0.5-0.8
0.3-0.4
0.03-0.04
25-70
5-14
2.5-7
0.25-0.7
0.6
Ibs/hr
119-190
24-38
12-19
1.2-1.9
1190-3330
240-660
119-333
12-33
28.6
kg/hr
60-95
12-19
6-9.5
0.6-1
600-1670
119-330
60-167
6-16.6
14.3
Source: Ref. 1
Profile 3-01-125 presents the VOC emissions from an ethylene
dichloride storage facility (Ref. 3).
Controls '
No emissions control for the ethylene dichloride industry has .yet been
demonstrated. The producers of this chemical use various methods of product
recovery and the emissions from each process vary. Possible hydrocarbon
emission control devices would include thermal or catalytic incineration,
having control efficiencies approaching 100 percent. The preceeding table
presents emission rates that could be attained with incineration of vent gases.
AP-40 presents a thorough explanation of the advantages and limitations of
each control method (Ref. 3) .
4
Profile Basis
Profile 3-01-125 is based on an inspection of the process material
and fluid stored.
Data Qualification
Reference 1 should be consulted for information on the applications
and limitations of the presented emission factors.
3.01-26
26200 795
-------
Profile 3-01-125 may be used to characterize the VOC emissions from
an ethylene dichloride storage facility. This profile may also be applied
to the VOC emissions estimate for the entire plant taking into consideration
that ethylene dichloride would account for the majority of VOC pollutants
emitted during processing.
3-01~27 • 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-125
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE, DIRECT CHLORINATION
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO78
NONE
u>
o
H1
1
10
CD
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
CODE NAME WEIGHT HEIGHT
43815 ETHYLENE DICHLOR IDE 99. OO 1OO. OO
TOTAL 1OO. OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION S . OO . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 99. OO 1OO. OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 99. OO 1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ETHYLENE DICHLOR IDE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O1-125-O2, -99
PERCENT
VOLUME
1OO. OO
100.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
. OO
1OO. OO
100. 00
INSPECTION
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
7 NON-REACTIVE
OF CHEMICAL FORMULATION
10
o
o
-J
ID
Ul
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC,
EPA 340/1-78-004, April" 1978.
2. Shreve, R. N. , and Brink, J. A., Jr., "Chemical Process Industries,"
Fourth Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
3. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
4. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I
and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.01-29 26200-795
-------
3-01 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS—CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
3-01-999 OTHER/NOT CLASSIFIED—WASTE GAS FLARES
1,2
Process Description
Occasionally modern chemical processes produce excess quantities of
waste gases. Every chemical plant must be equipped to handle excess gas
production which is produced intermittently, and large volumes of hydrocarbon
vapors produced very rapidly from process units during emergencies. A number
of devices are utilized to recover these gases but facilities for the ultimate
disposal of excess vapors are usually necessary. This is generally accomplished
by combustion in waste gas flares although small amounts may be vented to the
fireboxes of heaters or boilers.
The objective of combustion in a waste gas flare is the oxidation of
the hydrocarbon vapors to carbon dioxide and water without the production of
smoke and objectionable odors.
The three common types of waste gas flares in use are: elevated flares,
ground-level flares and burning pits. The two major types of elevated smoke-
less, waste gas flares in current use are the air-aspirating venturi flare and
the steam-injected flare.
1,2
Emissions
The smokeless flare when properly designed attain a high degree of
combustion efficiency. Actual field testing of flares is generally not feasible
because of safety considerations, the erratic nature of the gas flow to the
flare and the inaccessibility of most flare tips.
A hydrocarbon emission factor of 5 lbs/103 bbl refinery capacity for
refinery flares is reported in AP-42 (Ref. 1) . Data on chemical industry
waste gas flares is not presently available.
Profile 3-01-999 presents the estimated VOC emissions from a chemical
process waste gas flare (Ref. 2 & 3) .
3.01-30 26200-795
-------
Controls
Based on the design of smokeless flares essentially complete combustion
does occur. Control therefore, would amount to the conversion of a smoking
type flare to a smokeless type flare air-aspirating venturi flare or steam-
injected flare followed by proper maintenance.
AP-40 offers a thorough explanation of the design, application and
limitations of various waste gas flare systems (Ref. 2). Another good refer-
ence is the APRI Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes (Ref. 5).
3 4
Profile Basis '
Profile 3-01-999 was based on a survey and engineering evaluation of
pertinent literature. This profile represents a composite of many chemical
industry waste-gas flares.
Data Qualification
Profile 3-01-999 may be used with discretion to characterize the
volatile organic emissions from a chemical industry waste gas flare.
In lieu of a more applicable emission factor, the AP-42 value of
bbl plant capai
applied with discretion.
5 lbs/10 bbl plant capacity refinery flare emission factor may also be
3-01-31 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-01-999
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
OTHER, FLARES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO79
NONE
to
o
o
I
-J
LINE
NO.
1
2
C3
4
3
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
16
19
20
21
23
23
24
25
26
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
431 2O ISOMERS OF BUTENE
432O3 ETHYLENE
432O3 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
4S1O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
4522O STYRENE
435O2 FORMALDEHYDE
43303 ACETALDEHYDE
43310 BUTYRALDEHYDE
432O6 ACETYLENE
433O1 METHYL ALCOHOL
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
43304 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O5 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43438 ETHYL ACRYLATE
43601 ETHYLENE OXIDE
43602 PROPYLENE OXIDE
43704 ACRYLONITRILE
43812 ETHYL CHLORIDE
43860 VINYL CHLORIDE
453OO PHENOLS
454O1 XYLENE BASE ACIDS
43801 METHYL CHLORIDE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
13 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
26 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
84. 16
56. 10
28. 03
42. OS
56. 1O
1O6. 16
92. 13
104. 14
3O. O3
44. 03
72. 12
26. O4
32. O4
46. O7
6O. O9
74. 12
100. 11
44. 03
58. OS
35. 00
64. 52
62. 50
94. 11
230. 00
50. 49
78. 11
84. 16
35. 87
98. 40
38. 18
SO. 83
. 00
74. 72
45. 89
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 8O
8. 9O
21. 60
9. OO
4. 1O
1. 30
4. 1O
3. 4O
1. 70
. 70
. 80
1. 00
3. 4O
1. 40
2. 50
. 30
. 80
4. 60
1. 40
3. 00
7. 20
. 60
2.00
1. 30
. 90
10. 00
100. 00
1. 80
43. 60
8. 80
3. 20
31. 70
00
10. 90
100. 00
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 96
7. 28
33. 27
9. 80
3. 34
. 55
2. O6
1. 31
2. 61
. 73
. 30
1. 74
7. 74
1. 37
1. 92
32
. 37
4. 76
1. 10
2. 32
5. 13
46
. 96
. 27
. 82
3. 86
99. 95
. 96
55. 69
4. 12
3. 84
28. 66
.00
6. 68
99. 95
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. U. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
3-O 1-999-99
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A., (ed.), "Air .Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
4. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
5. "Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes," Vol. II, American Petroleum
Institute, Division of Refinery, Washington, D.C., 5th Ed., 1957.
3-01~33 26200-795
-------
3-02 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, FOOD/AGRICULTURE
3-02-009 FERMENTATION—BEER
Process Description
The manufacture of beer from grain is a multiple-step process. From
the time the grain is harvested until the beer manufacturing process is
complete, the following events take place at the brewery:
1. Malting of the barley (germinating barley by
soaking in water followed by kiln drying),
2. addition of corn, grit, rice,
3. conversion of starch to maltose by
enzymatic processes,
4. separation of wort (liquid to be fermented)
from grain,
5. hopping (addition of cones of the hop
plant) and boiling of wort,
6. cooling of wort,
7. addition of yeast,
8. fermentation
9. removal of settled yeast,
10. filtration,
11. carbonation,
12. aging, and
13. packaging.
Emissions '
Emissions from fermentation processes are nearly all gases and pri-
marily consist of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor; none of
which present an air pollution problem. Gaseous hydrocarbons are also
emitted from the drying of spent grains and yeast in beer.
The hydrocrabon emission rate may be approximated by assuming that
one percent by weight of spent grain is emitted as hydrocarbon (Ref. 1)
3'02~1 26200-795
-------
Assuming the grain loses 20 percent of its weight during the manufacturing
process, for every pound of spent grain, 1.25 pounds of raw grain are required.
Therefore, each 1.25 pounds of input discharges 0.01 pounds of hydrocarbons.
Based on the above, hydrocarbon emissions from beer processing are detailed
below:
TABLE OF VOC EMISSIONS FROM BEER PROCESSING
Hydrocarbon Emissions
% (16.1 tons/hour)
Type of Operation and Control Control Ib/ton kg/ton Ib/hr kg/hr
Beer
Beer
processing,
processing,
uncontrolled
incineration
0
99
2
0
.63
.0263
1
0
.32
.0132
42.
0.
3
42
19.
0.
2
19
(Reference 1)
Control
The major VOC species emitted during processing is ethyl alcohol
which can be effectively controlled by incineration or absorption.
There is a limited quantity of ethyl alcohol from a typical processing
plant. Incineration is accomplished by introducing ethyl alcohol fumes into a
boiler air supply or by passing the fumes through a direct-flame after-burner.
Absorption is accomplished by dissolving ethyl alcohol vapors in a selective
liquid solvent. Consult AP-40 for further information on either control
method (Ref. 3) .
Profile Basis
The basis for Profile 3-02-009 was a survey of pertinent literature
(Refs. 1, 2 and 4)-
Data Qualification
The following profile may be applied to typical beer processing
operations wherever grain fermentation occurs.
3.02-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O2-OO9
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, FOOD/AGRICULTURE
FERMENTATION, BEER
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0211
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
433O2
ETHYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
46. O7
10O OO
100. OO
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
"COMPOUND COMPOSITE
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
46. O7
. 00
. 00
. OO
.00
. 00
. 00
100. OO
OO
. 00
.00
. OO
. 00
.00
1OO. OO
.00
. 00
46. O7
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 1. 2 AND 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O2-OO9-O3
cn
to
o
o
(SI
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC, EPA 340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
4. Considine, D. M., (ed.), "Chemical and Process Technology Encyclo-
pedia," McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974.
3.02-4 26200-795
-------
3-03 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, PRIMARY METALS
Introduction
Primary metal operations refers to the production of metals from
their ores. The primary metals industries include primary aluminum production,
copper smelters, lead smelters, zinc smelters, iron and steel mills, ferroalloy
production, and metallurgical coke manufacturers.
Metallurgical processes are some of the largest stationary point
sources of pollution. However, compared to carbon monoxide, particulate and
sulfur emissions, these sources generally emit small concentrations of VOC's.
Coke manufacturing is an exception to this. VOC's are emitted from stacks as
exhaust gas, from fuel combustion and as fugitive emissions, and from openings or
leaks in material processing retorts.
3-03"1 26200-795
-------
3-03 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PRIMARY METALS
3-03-003 COXE METALLURGICAL BYPRODUCTS—GENERAL
Process Description
Coking is the process of heating coal in an atmosphere of low oxygen
content, i.e., destructive distillation. During this process, organic com-
pounds in the coal break down to yield gases and a residue of relatively
nonvolatile nature. Two processes are used for the manufacture of metallur-
gical coke, the by-product process and the beehive process. The by-product
process accounts for more than 98% of the coke produced.
The by-product process is oriented toward the recovery of the gases
produced during the coking cycle, whereas the volatile matter is vented to the
atmosphere in the beehive process. The rectangular by-product ovens are
grouped together in a series, alternately interspersed with heating flues,
called a coke battery. Coal is charged to the ovens through ports in the top,
which are then sealed. Heat is supplied to the ovens by burning some of the
coke gas produced. Coking is largely accomplished at temperatures of 2000°
to 2100° F (1100° to 1150° C) for a period of about 16 to 20 hours. At the
end of the coking period, the coke is pushed from the oven by a ram and
quenched with water.
Emissions
Particulates, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other emissions
originate from the following by-product coking operations: 1) charging of
the coal into the incandescent ovens, 2) oven leakage during the coking
period, 3) pushing the coke out of the ovens, and 4) quenching the hot coke.
Gaseous emissions from the by-product ovens are drawn off to a collecting
main and are subjected to various operations for separating ammonia, coke-oven
gas, tar, phenol, light oil (benzene, toluene, xylene) , and pyridine. These
unit operations are potential sources of hydrocarbon emissions.
3.03-2 26200-795
-------
Oven-charging operations and leakage around poorly sealed coke-oven
doors and lids are major sources of gaseous emissions from by-product ovens.
The hydrocarbon emission factors for coking operations are summarized in
Section 7.2 "Metallurgical Coke Manufacturing" of AP-42. (Ref. 2)
Controls;3
Coke oven gas is produced as a by-product or co-product and is drawn
off, collected and treated. Control schemes involve hoods and vents to collect
fugitive emissions for adsorption or incineration depending on concentration.
Coke oven gas is largely used for fuel in the many steel plant operations.
References 4 and 5 contain a description of the coking process and
details of emission sources and control measures.
Profile Basis6
Field test samples were taken from two different coke oven stacks
and a main header using gas collection bottles for grab samples. Gas analysis
was by GC-MS technique.
Data Qualification
The following profile may be correctly applied to all by-product
or co-product coke manufacturing processes to determine hydrocarbon emissions
that may result from oven charging, oven pushing, quenching, unloading,
underfiring or leakage.
3'03~3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-03-003
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PRIMARY METALS . METALLURGICAL COKE MFG.
BY PRODUCT PROCESS. COKE OVEN STACK GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOil
NONE
u>
o
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 432O3 ETHYLENE
3 432O3 PROPYLENE
4 43213 BUTENE
5 43218 1,3-BUTADIENE
6 492O2 TOLUENE
7 432O6 ACETYLENE
8 432O1 METHANE
9 432O2 ETHANE
1O 452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1O COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
44. O9
28. O3
42. OS
96. 1O
54.09
92. 13
26. O4
16. O4
3O. O7
78. 11
44.09
28.94
92. 13
.00
26.04
16.04
49. 52
22.84
. 90
27. 70
1.90
. 10
. 50
. 7O
1.20
43. 3O
8. OO
14. 1O
100. OO
. 5O
30. 2O
. 7O
.00
1.2O
45. 30
22. 10
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 6) .
3-03-003-01
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
.29 1
22. 96 2
1.O3 2
.03 2
.21 2
. 18 3
1. O3 3
64. 47 6
6. O7 7
4. 13 7
10O. OO
.23
23.85
. 18
.OO
1.05
64. 47
1O.2O
1OO. 00
CC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
OF GRAB SAMPLE
AP-42 SECTION 7. 2
, -O2, -03. -04, -05, -O6
[O
01
to
o
o
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Final Report. Resources Research,
Inc., Reston, VA. Prepared for National Pollution Control Administra-
tion, Durham, NC, under Contract No. CPA-22-69-119. April 1970.
2. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Shreve, R. N. and Brask, J. A., Jr., "Chemical Process Industries,"
Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
4. California Air Resources Board, "Coke Oven Emissions, Miscellaneous
Emissions, and their Control at Kaiser Steel Corporation's Fontana
Steel Making Facility," Report L&E-76-11, November 1976.
5. Barnes, T. M., et al., "Evaluation of Process Alternatives to Improve
Control of Air Pollution from Production of Coke," Battelle Memorial
Institute, Columbus, OH, PB 189 266, January 1970.
6. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I & II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3-03~5 26200-795
-------
3-03 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PRIMARY METALS
3-03-008 IRON PRODUCTION—BLAST FURNACE
—IRON SINTERING
1 2
Process Description '
Blast furnaces are tall refractory-lined furnaces using the
countercurrent flow principle to achieve high efficiency. The raw materials
which include iron ore as sinter or pellets, are charged at the top along with
coke as a reducing and thermal agent and limestone for fluxing and gangue
material. A hot-air blast introduced at the bottom end burns the coke to
heat, reduce, and melt the charge as it descends. The liquid iron and slag
collect on the furnace hearth and are tapped at regular intervals through
separate tap holes.
The waste-blast furnace gas from the combustion of coke, which contains
about 28% carbon monoxide and has a heating value of about 90 Btu/ft , is
collected from the top of the furnace by a downcomer pipe, cleaned to remove
the dust particles and used as a fuel. This waste gas is used with coke
oven gas or oil for heating hot-blast stoves. The hot-blast stoves are
vented to a common exhaust stack.
Emissions3f4
Compared to particulate and carbon monoxide, the VOC emission
from the blast-furnace hot-blast stoves is very small (0.7 Ib/hr of total
hydrocarbon for a stack gas flow of 55,000 SCFM at 550°F).
Hydrocarbon emissions from iron sintering, however, are considerably
more, 15 Ib/hr of total hydrocarbons for a stack gas flow of 152,400
SCFM at 320°F.
Emission factors for particulates and carbon monoxide are contained
in Section 7.5 "Iron and Steel Mills," of AP-42. Section 7.5 does not have
emissions factors for VOC's.
Controls
Because of the low VOC concentration in the exhaust gases of blast
furnaces, control equipment is not practical.
3.03-6 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis3
Profiles in Tables 3-03-008 A and B were based on one grab sample
each taken from the exhaust of a blast-furnace and sintering plant respective-
ly- Both samples were analyzed by GC-MS analysis (Ref. 3).
Data Qualification
The following profiles may be used for iron production processes.
One profile is for blast furnace ore charging and agglomerate charging, and
the other profile is for iron sintering operations.
3-03-7 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O3-OO8A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PRIMARY METALS. IRON PRODUCTION
BLAST FURNACE ORE CHARGING AND AGGLOMERATE CHARGING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO12
NONE
o
u>
CD
LINE
NO.
1
•2
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43822 TRIMETHYLFLUOROSILANE
432O1 METHANE
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION i
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
2 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
92. 00
16. O4
. OO
. OO
.OO
.OO
92. OO
16. O4
. OO
52.62
PERCENT
HEIGHT
84. 2O
13. SO
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
84. 2O
15. BO
.00
too oo
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA £REF. 3»
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-03-OO8-01, -G2
PERCENT
VOLUME
48. 16
31.84
100.00
.OO
.OO
.OO
.00
48. 16
51.84
.00
IOC. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3 MISCELLANEOUS
6 METHANE
QC-HS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
NJ
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O3-OOBB
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PRIMARY METALS
IRON SINTERING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY OO13
NONE
o
OJ
I
VD
LINE SARQAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 43203 ETHYLENE
3 432O3 PROPYLENE
3 43206 ACETYLENE
4 432O1 METHANE
3 432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
28. O3
42. O8
26.04
16. 04
3O. O7
.00
31. 60
. OO
. 00
26. O4
16. 04
3O. O7
18. 12
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 90
3. OO
14. 80
73. 30
3. OO
10O. OO
OO
8. 9O
. OO
. OO
14. SO
73. 3O
3. OO
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
Ul
-------
REFERENCES
1. Considine, D. M., editor, "Chemical and Process Technology
Encyclopedia," McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974.
2. "Ferroalloys, Steels, All-purpose Additives," The Magazine of
Metals Producing, February 1967.
3. Taback, K. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vol. I & II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3.03-10 26200-795
-------
3-03 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PRIMARY METALS
3-03-009 STEEL PRODUCTION—OPEN HEARTH FURNACE
—BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
1 2
Process Description '
Steel can be made by using: 1) liquid iron as the main constituent
of the charge, 2) steel scrap as the main constituent of the charge, 3) pre-
reduced sponge iron, and 4) a mixture of liquid iron, scrap and sponge iron.
A number of processes are available using external fuel in the form
of gas, oil, electric power or chemical heat produced by exothermic
reactions of metalloids (e.g., C, Si, Mn and P) contained in the charge material
to make steel.
Open-hearth furnaces—In the open hearth process, a mixture of
scrap iron, steel and pig iron is melted in a shallow rectangular basin,
or "Hearth" for which various liquid gaseous fuels provide the heat. The
basic open hearth can handle almost any type of metallic charge. The Ajax
process, which uses modified tilting-type open-hearth furnaces, can refine
100% hot metal charges with oxygen.
Basic Oxygen Furnaces (BOF)—The basic oxygen process, also called
the Linz-Donawitz (LD) process is employed to produce steel from a furnace
charge of approximately 70% molten blast-furnace metal and 30% scrap
metal by use of a stream of commercially pure oxygen to oxidize the impuri-
ties, principally carbon and silicon.
Emissions
Air contaminants are emitted from both the open-hearth furnace and
the basic oxygen furnace throughout the process, or heat. Hydrocarbon emis-
sions result from steel scrap, which contains grease, oil or other combustible
material and from the furnace fuel.
3.03-11 26200-795
-------
Total hydrocarbon emissions for an open-hearth furnace at the
precipitator outlet were 3.02 Ibs/hour for a gas flow rate of 33,000 SCFM
at 490°F-
On a basic oxygen furnace, the total hydrocarbon emissions at the
precipitator outlet were 6.42 Ibs/hour for a gas flow rate of 240,900 SCFM
at 200 - 275°F.
Emission factors for particulates, carbon monoxide and fluorides are
contained in Section 7.5 "Iron and Steel Mills," of AP-42. Section 7.5
does not have emission factors for hydrocarbons.
Controls
Electrostatic precipitators are installed on both open-hearth
and basic oxygen furnaces for particulate control purposes. For the open-
hearth furnace, the precipitator control efficiency for, hydrocarbons
was 25%. Control efficiency for hydrocarbons was not determined for the
BOF precipitator installation.
Profile Basis-3
For the open-hearth furnace, one grab sample by gas collection
bottle was made of both the precipitator inlet and outlet. On the BOF,
only one grab sample was made at the precipitator outlet.
Plant operation for both furnaces was 24 hours/day, 360 days/year.
Data Qualification
The following profiles may be used for steel making open-hearth and
BOF processes. There are two profiles for the open-hearth furnace, one
without control and one with control.
3.03-12 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O3-OO9A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PRIMARY METALS,
OPEN HEARTH WITH OXYGEN LANCE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
STEEL PRODUCTION
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O3O6
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
PERCENT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
I 43231 N-HEXANE
2 43232 N-HEPTANE
3 43202 TOLUENE
4 43822 TRIHETHYLFLUaROSILANE
3 432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
86. 17 1. 67 1. 74 1 PARAFFIN
100. 20 6. 86 6. 34 1 PARAFFIN
92. 13 4. 36 4. 39 3 AROMATIC
92. OO 83. 86 83. 73 3 MISCELLANEOUS
78.11 3.03 3.38 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. 00 10O. OO
O
OJ
i
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
97. IB
. OO
92. 13
.00
92.00
. OO
78. 11
8. 53
.00
4. 56
.OO
83. 86
.00
3. O5
8. O8
.00
4.59
.OO
83. 75
. OO
3.58
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
91.93 1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-03-O09B
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PRIMARY METALS. STEEL PRODUCTION
OPEN HEARTH WITH OXYGEN LANCE. CONTROLLED
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY 0014
u>
o
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 43231 N-HEXANE
2 43232 N-HEPTANE
3 43202 TOLUENE
4 43822 TRIMETHYLFLUOROSILANE
3 432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 20
92. 13
92. OO
78. 11
97. 60
. OO
92. 13
. OO
92. OO
.OO
78. 11
92. 04
PERCENT
WEIGHT
7. OO
33. SO
3. 6O
4O. 00
13. 60
100. OO
42. SO
. 00
3. 6O
.OO
40. OO
. OO
13. 60
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
3-03-009-01
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
7. 46 1 PARAFFIN
32. 87 1 PARAFFIN
3. 99 3 AROMATIC
4O. O6 3 MISCELLANEOUS
16. 02 7 NON-REACTIVE
10O. OO
40.33
.00
3. 59
.00
40.06
.OO
16.02
100. OO
OC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
NJ
O>
NJ
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O3-009C
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PRIMARY METALS.
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
STEEL PRODUCTION
CONTROL DEVICE: ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY OO16
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
PERCENT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 43204
2 43622
3 432O1
PROPANE
TRIMETHYLFLUOROSILANE
METHANE
TOTAL
44. O9
92. 00
16. O4
39. 90
49. OO
11. 10
1OO. OO
42. 49
23. 02
32. 49
100. OO
1 PARAFFIN
3 MISCELLANEOUS
6 METHANE
o
UJ
I
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~3~~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
44. 09
. OO
. 00
. 00
92. 00
16. 04
. OO
46. 96
39. 90
. OO
. OO
. 00
49.OO
11. 10
. 00
100. 00
42. 49
. 00
.OO
. 00
25.02
32. 49
. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-03-OO9-03
OC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
O
O
I
VD
-------
REFERENCES
1. Considine, D. M. , editor, "Chemical and Process Technology
Encyclopedia," McGraw Hill Book Co., 1974.
2. "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, J. H., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emisions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I & II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.03-16 26200-795
-------
3-05 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, MINERAL PRODUCTS
3-05-001 ASPHALT ROOFING—BLOWING
—FELT SATURATORS: SPRAYING AND DIPPING
—HOT ASPHALT OIL STORAGE
—TAR KETTLES
Process Description
The manufacture of asphalt roofing felts and shingles involves
saturating fiber media with hot asphalt (400-450 °F) by means of dipping
and/or spraying. Although it ,is not always done .at the same site, prepara-
tion of the asphalt saturant is an integral part of the operation. This
preparation, called "blowing," consists of oxidizing the asphalt by bubbling
air through the liquid asphalt for 8 to 16 hours. The saturant is then
transported to the saturation tank or spray area. The saturation of the
felts is accomplished by dipping, high-pressure sprays, or both. The final
felts are made in various weights: 15,. 30, and 55 pounds per 100 square
2
feet (0.72, 1.5, and 2.7 kg/m ). Regardless of the weight of the final
product, the makeup is approximately 40 percent dry felt and 60 percent
asphalt saturant.
AP 40 presents a thorough discussion of a typical asphalt roofing
line (Ref. 2).
Emissions
Candidate process areas of hydrocarbon emissions from asphalt roofing
operations are:
Felt Saturators: Spraying and Dipping
Air Blowing
Hot Asphalt Storage
Tar Kettles (portable field type)
VOC emissions generally increase directly with increasing line speed,
felt moisture content, air temperature and humidity, number of spray headers
and gates in operation and the asphalt temperature (Ref. 2). Profiles 3-05-
001B and C present the estimated organic species emanating from uncontrolled
operations (Ref. 4).
3,05-1 26200-795
-------
O "3
Air Blowing^'J—VOQ emissions from the asphalt air blowing stills
include oxygen, nitrogen and its compounds, water vapor, sulfur compounds,
and hydrocarbons as gases, odors, and aerosols.
The following table presents uncontrolled and controlled emissions and
limitations from asphalt roofing manufacturing.
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM ASPHALT ROOFING MANUFACTURE
Hydrocarbon Emissions (CH4)
Type of Operation (Based on 210,000 tons/yr)
and Control
Asphalt Blowing,
uncontrolled
Asphalt Blowing,
with afterburner
% Control
0
99
Ibs/ton*
2.5
0.025
kg/nit
1.25
0.0125
Ibs/hr
60.0
0.60
kg/hr
27.22
0.27
*Ton of Asphalt blown
Source: Reference 3
Profile 3-05-001A presents the estimated organic species eminating from an
uncontrolled, asphalt blowing still.
Hot Asphalt Oil Storage—Hydrocarbon emission rates from the storage
of hot asphalt oil can be calculated based on the information contained in
the API Bulletin on "Petrochemical Evaporation Loss fron Storage Tanks,"
(Ref. API Bulletin 2523) and Section 4.3 of AP-42. The VOC species for
asphalt storage emissions is estimated to be identical to that of Profile
3-05-001B.
Roofing Tar Kettles—Emissions from portable roofing tar kettles are
the direct result of the heating and subsequent thermal cracking and vaporiza-
tion of low-boiling-point hydrocarbon oils. Emission rates of 1.9xl03 Ibs HC/
hour have been estimated (Ref. 4). Speciation of the volatile organic emis-
sions is presented in Profile 3-05-001D.
Controls '
Felt Saturators; Spraying and Dipping—As stated earlier, a reduction
of those items directly related to increasing emission rates is one form of
control which may, however, by uneconomical. The most common form of control
3.05-2 26200-795
-------
is to equip the saturator machinery with a canopy type hood or room enclosure.
The contaminated air which is ventilated from the canopy or room enclosure is
then vented through a direct-fired afterburner capable of reaching an exhaust
temperature to 1500 °F.
The recent concern for energy conservation and the periodic
unavailability of natural gas required to operate an afterburner has resulted
in the usage of glass fiber mats. Effluent from the roofing plant saturators
pass through a slowly moving unrolled mat of glass fiber. The exhaust gases
cool and coalesce as they go across the mat and impinge on the mat surface.
For a thorough explanation of control methods, consult AP-40, Reference 2.
2
Asphalt Blowing—Control of effluent organic vapors from asphalt
airblowing stills has been accomplished mainly by wet scrubbing (Venturi-type)
and/or by direct-fired incineration. For a thorough explanation of control
methods, consult AP-40, Reference 2.
4
Tar Kettle—Emission control is difficult due to the portable-
in-field nature of operation.
Three possible areas for control are:
Improved temperature control to prevent unnecessary asphalt heating
Improved loading devices to cut down on the time the hood
is opened
General maintenance to keep hood in a good closing (sealing)
condition.
4 5
Profile Basis '
The organic species data presented in Profiles 3-05-OOlA, B and C
represent an engineering evaluation (Ref. 5) of similar asphalt operations
from field tests conducted by KVB. Profile 3-05-OOlD represents actual field
tests data. A gas sample was taken by means of a gas collecting bottle and
NIOSH type charcoal tubes on a roofing tar kettle.
Data Qualification
Profiles 3-05-OOlA, B and C may be used to characterize emissions
from asphalt felt saturators and asphalt blowing stills less controls
Profile 3-05-OOlD represents actual test data on a roofing tar kettle and
is designed to be used as such.
3'05"3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-05-001A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT ROOFING, BLOWING OPERATION
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO21
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
3
6
43103
43106
43231
43232
43233
43302
CHEMICAL
NAME
ISOMERS OF
ISOMERS OF
N-HEXANE
N-HEPTANE
N-OCTANE
HEXANE
HEPTANE
FORMALDEHYDE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
1OO.
86.
1OO.
114.
3O.
17
20
17
20
23
O3
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.
3.
1.
13.
74.
2.
100.
SO
60
8O
SO
3O
3O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.
3.
2.
16.
67.
8.
1OO.
16
71
16
27
13
33
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
4
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
CARBONYL
o
(Jl
I
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
109.
30.
84
00
00
O3
00
OO
00
97. 50
. 00
. 00
2. 30
. 00
. 00
. 00
91. 45
.OO
.00
B. 55
. 00
. 00
. 00
103. 02
100. 00
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-05-O01-01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
to
cn
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-05-0018
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT ROOFING, DIPPING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO22
NONE
o
Ul
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O5 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
431 O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43203 ETHYLENE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
44. O9
38. 12
3& 12
72. 13
86. 17
1OO. 2O
28. OS
30. O7
1 68. 69
2 28. O5
3 . OO
4 . OO
3 . OO
6 .OO
7 30. 07
65.95
WEIGHT
12. OO
11. OO
1. OO
13. OO
18. OO
8. OO
18. OO
2. OO
14. OO
2. OO
1. OO
1OO. OO
97. OO
2. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
1. OO
10O. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
9. 16
7. 23
. 39
19. 43
2O. 42
9. 09
16. 47
1. 32
9.22
4. 68
2. 17
1OO. OO
93. 15
4. 68
.OO
.00
. OO
. OO
2. 17
100. OO
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF TEST DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-05-OO1-O2.
-O4
cn
10
o
o
i
-j
vD
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O5-OO1C
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT ROOFING. SPRAYING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO23
NONE
u>
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
432O3 ETHYLENE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
1OO.
114.
44.
98.
58.
72.
86.
1OO.
28.
3O.
1 68.
2 28.
3
4
S
6
7 30.
65.
COMPOSITE
17
20
23
09
12
12
15
17
2O
OS
O7
69
05
00
00
00
00
07
95
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12.
11.
1.
13.
18.
8.
18.
2.
14.
2.
1.
1OO.
97.
2.
.
1.
100.
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
00
oo
oo
oo
00
00
00
oo
oo
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
9.
7.
19.
2O.
9.
16.
1.
9.
4.
2.
1OO.
93.
4.
.
.
2.
1OO.
16
23
39
43
42
O9
47
32
22 1
68 2
17 7
00
13
68
OO
OO
OO
OO
17
00
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF TEST DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-05-OO1-O3
CTv
NJ
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-05-00ID
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT ROOFING, TAR KETTLE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO24
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
U)
Ul
1
-j
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
2O
21
22
23
431O3
431O7
43113
43116
43117
43122
432O4
43212
43214
4322O
43231
43232
43233
43242
43121
432O3
432O5
43213
43224
432O2
432O1
432O2
432O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
ISOMERS OF
ISOMERS OF
HEXANE
OCTANE
C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
ISOMERS OF
PROPANE
N-BUTANE
ISOBUTANE
N-PENTANE
N-HEXANE
N-HEPTANE
N-OCTANE
PENTANE
CYCLOPENTANE
ISOMERS OF
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTENE
1 -PENTENE
TOLUENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
PENTENE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
114.
98.
112.
126.
72.
44.
38.
38.
72.
86.
1OO.
114.
70.
7O.
28.
42.
36.
7O.
92.
16.
3O.
78.
17
23
19
23
26
13
09
12
12
13
17
20
23
14
13
O3
OS
10
13
13
O4
O7
11
TOTAL
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 4O
7. 4O
2. 9O
. 4O
1. 3O
1. 1O
1O. 2O
11. 6O
. 7O
6. 3O
4. 9O
2. OO
2. 7O
2. 3O
. 3O
. 3O
2. OO
7. OO
3. 2O
1. 9O
21.30
3. 4O
. 8O
10O. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
1.
2.
1.
8.
7.
3.
2.
1.
1.
4.
1.
.
5O.
6.
99.
53
49
13
13
46
37
83
67
46
33
18
77
92
38
27
42
84
79
76
80
90
9O
38
97
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
t>
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
14 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 69.42 57. 6O 31.91
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 55. 1O 13. OO 9. 08
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 92.13 1. 9O .80
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO .OO . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO . OO . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4 21. 3O 5O. 9O
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 32. 58 6. 2O 7. 28
23 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 38. 44 1OO. OO 99. 97
to
O
o
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
8. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O5-O01-99
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH IN HOOD
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors," Supplements 1-8,
Publication AP-42, EPA, April 1977.
2. "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," Prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC, EPA 3.40/1-78-004, April 1978.
4. Taback, H. J.,, et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vols. I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
5. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
3.05-8 2620.0-795
-------
3-05 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, MINERAL PRODUCTS
3-05-002 ASPHALTIC CONCRETE—ROTARY DRYER
—MIXING-LOADING
—ASPHALT OIL STORAGE
Process Description1'2
Hot-mix asphalt paving consists of a combination of aggregates
uniformly mixed and coated with asphaltic cement. A typical hot-mix paving
plant generally consists of an oil- or gas-fired rotary dryer, a screening
and classifying system, a weighing system for asphalt cement and aggregate,
a mixer, and the necessary material handling equipment.
Asphaltic cement is normally used in amounts of 3 to 12 percent by
weight of refined petroleum.
Emissions '
Candidate process areas for the emission of hydrocarbon vapors to
the atmosphere are:
Rotary Dryer
Asphalt-Aggregate Mixer
Truck Loading Area
Asphalt Oil Storage
Hydrocarbon emissions from the rotary gas- or oil-fired dryer are the
result of the incomplete combustion of the fuel fired. Emission rates are
estimated to be equivalent to those listed in AP-42 under, Combustion of Fuels.
Profile 3-05-002A presents the estimated organic species breakdown of the
flue gas for a natural gas fired unit. For an oil fired unit, refer to
Profiles 1-01-004 and 1-01-005.
Hydrocarbon emissions from the asphalt-aggregate mixer and truck
loading area are the result of the vaporization of the low boiling point
hydrocarbon oils, however, their emission rates were not available at the
time this report was written. A sample of the vapor coming off of a pile
of compacted road asphalt was taken and analyzed for hydrocarbon species
The results are presented in Profile 3-05-002B.
3-05-9 26200-795
-------
Hydrocarbon emission rates for hot asphalt storage tanks can be
computed from information contained within API Bulletin 2523. Speciation
is similar to that presented in Profile 3-05-001B.
Controls
Hydrocarbon emissions from hot asphalt batch plants are not generally
considered to be a major air pollution problem. Unburned or partially burned
hydrocarbons emanating from the rotary dryer can usually be reduced con-
siderably by improving combustion efficiency. Hydrocarbon emissions from
asphalt oil storage, mixing and asphaltic cement loading can be vented into
a venturi type wet scrubber, direct-fired afterburner, or introduced in with
the rotary dryer's combustion air supply. AP-40 offers an excellent explana-
tion of the various ways gaseous pollutants can be controlled (Ref. 2)
Profile Basis
The organic species data presented in Profile 3-05-002A represents an
engineering evaluation of similar test data on a natural gas fired boiler
using gas collecting bottles and NIOSH type charcoal tubes. Profile 3-05-002B
represents a laboratory test performed on a sample of road asphalt. A gas
collecting bottle and NIOSH type charcoal tubes were also used to obtain a ,gas
sample for analysis.
Data Qualification
Profiles 3-05-002A, 1-01-004 and 1-01-005 represent similar situations
regarding fuel combustion data for dryers. Profile 3-05-002B represents a
specific situation found at a hot asphalt batch plant. The introduction of
a control device affecting hydrocarbon emissions could also effect the
emitted species as well as rate and should be taken into account. All
presented profiles here represent uncontrolled emissions.
3.05-.10 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O5-OO2A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. MINERAL PRODUCTS
ASPHALT CONCRETE. ROTARY DRYER. NATURAL CAS FIRED
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO25
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
SAROAD
CODE
431O9
43122
432O4
43212
4322O
43248
492O2
43902
432O1
492O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
ISOMERS OF HEXANE
ISOMERS OF PENTANE
PROPANE
N-BUTANE
N-PENTANE
CYCLOHEXANE
TOLUENE
FORMALDEHYDE
METHANE
BENZENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
HEIGHT
86. 17
72. 13
44.09
98. 12
72. 19
84. 16
92. 13
30. O3
16. O4
78. 11
PERCENT
HEIGHT
1. 00
9. OO
4. OO
9. OO
6. OO
1. OO
2. OO
8. OO
96. OO
4. OO
100. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME (
. 28
2. 9O
2. 11
3. 6O
1. 93
. 28
. 91 :
6. 17 '
81. O4 i
1. 18 1
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
XASSIFICATION
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
» AROMATIC
I CARBONYL
i, METHANE
r NON-REACTIVE
o
(Jl
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 62.92 3O OO 11. 1O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO . OO . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 92. 13 2. OO . 51
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 3O. O3 8. OO 6. 17
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO . OO . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4 96. OO 81. O4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 78.11 4. OO 1.18
1O COMPOUND COMPOSITE 23. 23
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. U. SONNICHSEN. KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES. 3-O5-OO2-O1
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF SIMILAR TEST DATA
so
O
o
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-05-002B
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. MINERAL PRODUCTS.
IN PLACE ROAD ASPHALT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
ASPHALT1C CONCRETE
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY OO26
NONE
U)
o
I
M
N>
to
cn
to
O
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOP ARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
432O3 ETHYLENE
432O3 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
8 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
98.
72.
44.
38.
38.
72.
86.
28.
42.
36.
16.
3O.
78.
1 66.
2 43.
3
4
5
6 16.
7 51.
41.
COMPOSITE
17
19
13
09
12
12
13
17
OS
OS
1O
O4
O7
11
56
84
00
00
00
04
38
68
PERCENT
WEIGHT
a.
3.
3.
3.
10.
11.
3.
8.
2.
3.
3.
13.
4.
9.
100.
58.
11.
.
15.
14.
100.
10
70
7O
3O
1O
20
30
80
OO
9O
9O
70
6O
30
00
40
80
00
00
00
7O
10
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
3.
1.
3.
3.
7.
8.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
4O.
6.
3.
99.
36.
11.
4O.
11.
99.
91
38
29
2O
24
O3
08
23
96
87
37
76
37
08
99
58
20
00
00
00
76
45
99
GC-MS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
6
7
7
ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
OF LABORATORY TEST SAMPLES
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40,
May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.05-13 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
REFINERY OPERATIONS—FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
Introduction
Although a modern refinery is a complex system of many processes, the
entire operation can be divided into four major steps: separating, converting,'
treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected frac-
tions (e.g., gasoline, kerosene, fuel, oil, etc.). Because the relative
volumes of each fraction produced by merely separating the crude may not con-
form to the market demands for each fraction, some of the less valuable
products, such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater
sale value, such as gasoline. This conversion is accomplished by splitting
(cracking), uniting (polymerization), or rearranging (reforming) the original
molecules. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each
other and with various additives to meet final product specifications.
To accomplish this, thousands of valves, fittings, flanges and pumps
help to contain and transfer petroleum fluid to the various process units
within a refinery.
The potential sources of hydrocarbon fugitive emissions from oil
refining operations are discussed in the following sections as listed below:
Fluid Catalytic Cracker Unit (FCCU)
Catalytic Reformer
Process Drains
Cooling Towers
Pipeline Valves/Flanges/Fittings
Pressure Relief Valves
Pump/Compressor Seals
3-06-1 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-002 FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS (FCCU)—GENERAL
Process Description '
Catalytic cracking involves the decomposition of large molecules into
smaller, lower-boiling molecules by the addition of heat and pressure with the
proper catalyst. Some of these molecules may polymerize to form large molecules.
Finely powdered catalyst is lifted into the reactor by the incoming heated oil
charge which vaporizes upon contact with the hot catalyst. Spent catalyst
settles out in the reactor, is drawn off at a controlled rate, purged with
steam, and lifted by an air stream into the regenerator where the deposited
coke is burned off under controlled combustion conditions.
2 3
Emissions '
The resulting exhaust gases from the combustion of the coke deposits on
the catalyst and may contain catalyst dust, hydrocarbons, and other impuri-
ties originating in the charging stock, as well as the products of combustion.
Catalyst dust is generally the pollutant of major concern. Hydro-
carbons, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and organic acids are effectively con-
trolled by incineration in carbon monoxide (CO) waste-heat boilers (Ref. 2).
AP-42 lists an uncontrolled hydrocarbon emission factor (e.g. without
CO waste-heat boilers) of 220 lb/103 bbl of fresh feed. Studies (Ref. 3)
conducted on FCC units with CO waste-heat boilers reported average hydrocarbon
emission rates of 1.6 lb/10 bbl of fresh feed. Profile 3-06-002 presents
the VOC emissions measured downstream of a FCC unit CO waste-heat boiler
(Ref. 3)
Controls
As previously mentioned, the CO waste-heat boiler offers a secondary
control feature for the unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ammonia and
organic acids. Therefore additional controls for these pollutants are not
necessary. Electrostatic precipitators, however, are usually installed to
control particulate emissions to acceptable limits.
3.06-2 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis
Data presented in Profile 3-06-002 are based on field tests conducted
at a 50,000 bbl/day FCC unit employing a CO waste-heat boiler and electro-
static precipitator. Samples were collected in glass gas collection bottles
followed by NIOSH type charcoal tubes. The sample point was located down-
stream of the CO boiler in the exhaust stack.
Data Qualification
Profile 3-06-002 may be used to characterize the VOC emissions from a
typical FCC unit employing a CO waste-heat boiler and electrostatic precipi-
tator. Emission rates could vary, depending on the degree of catalyst coking
and concentration of hydrocarbons entering the CO boiler.
3'06"3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OO2
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKER, CO BOILER
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO29
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
43105
43302
432O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
ISOMERS OF HEXANE
FORMALDEHYDE
METHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
3O. O3
16. 04
PERCENT
WEIGHT
13. OO
91. OO
36. OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
3. 69
41. 49
34. 83
1OO. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
4
6
PARAFFIN
CARBONYL
METHANE
U)
o
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
3 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
86.
30.
16.
17
00
00
03
00
04
OO
13.
51.
36.
00
00
OO
00
OO
OO
OO
3.
41.
54.
69
OO
OO
49
OO
83
OO
24.43
100. 00
1OO. 01
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES. KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3>
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O6-002-01
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH TAKEN'WITH STACK
EXTENSION
cn
K>
o
o
I
~j
VO
Ul
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.)i "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.06-4a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-005 PROCESS DRAINS
Process Description '
In refinery operations, condensate water and flushing water must be
drained from the process equipment. These process drains also remove process
liquid, leakage or spills and water used to cool pump glands.
Each major unit in a refinery is usually drained by a network of
small lines which are generally trapped at their inlets and flow into junction
or collection boxes, some of which are opened to the atmosphere.
The liquid waste then generally proceeds from the collection boxes
into a network of large trunk lines. These connect with interceptor lines
which carry the process water to API separators and water treatment plants.
Emissions
Common sources of liquid hydrocarbons entering a drainage system are:
process liquid sampling, turnarounds, blind changing, process equipment leaks,
and spills. As the hydrocarbon-water mixture flows through the drainage
system, VOC's are evaporated from the surface and may escape to the atmos-
phere through vents (Ref. 1).
Hydrocarbon emission rates as found in AP-42 are: uncontrolled (210
lb/10 bbl waste); vapor recovery or separator control (8 lb/10 bbl waste).
Estimated volatile organic specie emissions data are presented in
Profile 3-06-005.
Controls
Modern refining designs provide waste-water-effluent systems with
running-liquid-sealed traps and liquid-sealed and covered junction boxes.
These seals keep the amount of liquid hydrocarbons exposed to the air at a
minimum and thereby reduce hydrocarbon losses.
Another form of control is to connect vapor recovery equipment to the
drainage system.
3-06~5 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis2
Profile 3-06-005 is a composite of five separate refinery API separators
and process drain hydrocarbon emissions tests. Controls other than inlet liquid
traps were not used. This was decided to best estimate the volatile organic
specie emissions from a typical refinery drainage system.
Samples were collected by means of gas collecting bottles and NIOSH
type charcoal tubes. Process flow rates were estimated using engineering
judgment.
Data Qualification
Profile 3-06-005 may be used to characterize the organic specie emis-
sions from a typical refinery drainage system.
3.06-6 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-005
INDUSRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY, FUGITIVE
EMISSIONS, DRAINAGE/SEPARATION PITS, COVERED. CRUDE OIL AND OAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO31
NONE
OJ
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431OS ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431 IS C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
12 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
98. 19
112. 23
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
16. 04
3O. O7
78. 11
73. 70
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
16. O4
47.00
65. 34
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12. 20
16. 9O
3. 2O
1O. 1O
3. 9O
14. 3O
4. SO
12. OO
11. 9O
2. 90
1. 7O
2. 4O
100. 00
93. OO
. 00
OO
. OO
. OO
2. 9O
4. 10
10O. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 2)
3-O6-OO5-01
PERCENT
VOLUME
9. 28
11. 24
3. 01
9. 13
8. 76
16. OB
S. O3
1O. 83
9. O2
11. 83
3. 73
2. O3
100. 01
82. 42
. OO
.00
. 00
OO
11.83
5. 76
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
7
GC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
O
O
I
-------
REFERENCES
1. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. "Joint District, Federal and State Project for the Evaluation of
Refinery Emissions," Report No. 8, June 1958, Los Angeles APCD.
3'06~7a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-007 COOLING TOWERS
Process Description
Refineries use large amounts of water in the cooling of certain operations
(heat exchangers) and process equipment. The large amounts of water used for
cooling are conserved by recooling the water in wooden towers. Cooling is
accomplished by evaporating part of this water.
Emissions
Hydrocarbons that might be entrained or dissolved in the water as a
result of leaking heat exchange equipment or other process equipment where
process cooling water has come into contact with a hydrocarbon stream are
readily discharged to the atmosphere in the cooling tower. Improperly de-
signed and/or maintained heat exchange equipment account for the majority
of process leaks entering the water being recirculated through the tower.
AP-42 (Ref. 1) reports an emission factor of 6.0 Ib of HC/10 gallons of cool-
ing water for cooling towers.
Profile 3-06-007 presents the estimated volatile organic species being
emitted from a typical refinery cooling tower (Ref. 3).
Controls
Control generally takes the form of not allowing (if possible without
shutting a leaky unit down) process water that has come into contact with a
hydrocarbon stream or has otherwise been contaminated with odorous material
from entering the cooling tower, water supply. This can be accomplished through
the proper design and maintenance of heat exchange equipment which would then
minimize the majority of process fluid losses.
Another form of control has been made possible with advancements in
fan cooling o.f finned equipment, which in some instances has replaced the
need for conventional cooling towers.
3.06-8 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis3
Profile 3-r06-007 represents test data obtained on a large forced air
refinery cooling tower serving an FCC unit, the gas plant for that FCC unit
and a reformer unit. The water circulation rate was reported as 42,500
gal/min.
Water samples were taken at the inlet and outlet of the tower and
analyzed (xylene extraction and GC analysis) for organic content. The organic
content was identified as 100% isopentane.
Data Qualification
Profile 3-06-007 may be used to characterize the volatile organic
emissions (as isomers of pentane) from a typical refinery cooling tower
serving the above mentioned equipment.
3-06~9 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-O07
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY
COOLING TOWERS, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. Ill
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO35
NONE
LINE SARQAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43122
ISOMERS OF PENTANE
TOTAL
72. 15
1OO. OO
100. 00
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
PARAFFIN
U)
o
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
o COMPOUNDS' OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION b
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~T~COHPOUND COMPOSITE
72. 15
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
.00
. 00
. 00
. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
. 00
.00
.00
.00
. 00
72. 15
100. 00 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O6-OO7-O1
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE TAKEN FROM TbftER EXTERIOR
to
cr>
10
o
o
i
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.06-10a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-008A MISCELLANEOUS PIPELINE/VALVES—FLANGES
—FITTINGS
—RELIEF VALVES
Process Descriptions
Pipeline valves, flanges, fittings and relief valves are a necessary
part of any pressurized liquid handling system and their functions are r,elf-
explanatory.
3
Emissions
Liquid and vapor leaks can develop at valve stems, flanges, and fittings
as a result of heat, pressure, friction, corrosion, and vibration.
Liquid and vapor leaks can develop at pressure relief valves as a result
of corrosion and failure of relief valves to reseat properly after blowoff.
The inaccessible nature of most pressure relief valves accounts for poor main-
tenance which could allow substantial leakage before repair.
Emission rates and their associated hydrocarbon composition are a func-
tion of leak size for rates, and process material for speciation.
A recent study (Ref. 3) conducted on refinery emissions reported the
following emission rates:
Emission
Factor
Device Type Product (lb/day device)
Valves s Fittings
Valves
Metal connections
Valves
Metal connections
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
0.4
0.003
0.02
0.003
Composite Emission Factor for
Valves - gas/liquid 0.15 lb/day-valve *
*Previous inventories (Ref. 4,5) have reported that the ratio of valves in liquid
service to those in gas service in refinery operations was approximately 3 to 1.
Applying this ratio to the emission factor for valves listed in the above table
resulted in a composite emission factor of 0.15 lb/day valve which agrees with
AP-42's 0.15 lb/day valve emission factor (Ref. 1).
3.06-11 26200-795
-------
Pressure relief valves have an emission factor of 11 lb/dayvalve as
reported in AP-42 (Ref. 1) .
Details on pipeline and valve emissions are extensive and beyond the
scope of this report, and the reader is advised to consult Reference 3 for
further details.
The volatile organic species being emitted per device type is a function
of the contained process fluid. Profile 3-06-008A through N characterize
these emissions for various process fluids. Profile 3-06-008N applies to
pressure relief valves for liquified petroleum gas service.
Controls
Control generally takes the form of:
proper valve or fitting selection,
improved maintenance - scheduled leak checking,
tightening, greasing or replacement when possible, and
improved materials - e.g., valve packing, glands, etc.
Profile Basis
Over 18,000 valves and miscellaneous fittings were checked for leaks.
Leaks were checked for through KVB's spray and sniff (soap sprayer and TLV
Explosion meter) method which is explained in Reference 3. The organic
composition of a selected group of leaking valves and flanges was determined
through the use of grab samples or gas collecting bottles plus NIOSH type
charcoal tubes. Profiles 3-06-008A through N are the direct result of this
effort.
Data Qualification
The above mentioned hydrocarbon emission factors and profiles may be
used to characterize the volatile organic emissions from a refinery. Each
profile identifies the process fluid associated with the leaking valves,
flanges or fittings.
3.06-12 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OO8A
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, COMPOSITE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
INDUSTRY, REFINERY MISCELLANOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O316
NONE
o
cr>
to
CTl
M
o
o
i
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
IS
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
SO
31
23
33
24
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
431O9 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43115 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43123 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43235 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
432O5 PROPYLENE
451O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
IB COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
24 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
10O.
114.
128.
142.
98.
126.
72.
44.
58.
58.
72.
86.
1OO.
114.
128.
142.
84.
42.
1O6.
92.
16.
30.
78.
1 62.
2 42.
3 96.
4
5
6 16.
7 30.
33.
COMPOSITE
17
20
23
23
28
19
26
15
09
12
12
15
17
2O
23
25
28
16
OS
16
13
O4
07
11
49
08
22
OO
OO
O4
29
13
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.
7.
11.
18.
7.
7.
3.
1.
1.
28.
5.
10O.
64.
28.
5.
10O.
60
80
4O
5O
3O
2O
1O
SO
5O
30
4O
7O
4O
4O
8O
6O
80
1O
1O
20
50
6O
80
1O
00
70
1O
70
00
00
60
9O
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
3.
8.
1O.
4.
3.
1.
58.
6.
1OO.
34.
58.
6.
100.
63
26
13
13
07
O7
O3
57
63
41
2O
34
32
46
33
17
2O
03
O7
07
17
92
38
03
O2
38
07
24
00
OO
92
41
02
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
2
3
3
6
7
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-O6-O08-01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-008B
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
INDUSTRY. REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O317
NONE
O
CF>
I
NJ
cn
to
o
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
2O
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O9 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
431O9 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPAHAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43239 N-NONANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
43102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
43201 BENZENE
TOTAL
17 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
20 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
10O. 2O
114. 23
128. 23
142. 28
98. 19
112. 23
126. 26
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
128. 23
84. 16
1O6. 16
92. 13
78. 11
1 111.27
2 .00
3 97.98
4 . OO
5 .OO
6 . OO
7 78. 11
1O9. 74
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 1O
3. 4O
4. 7O
8. 3O
2. 6O
1. OO
. 2O
2. 6O
. 20
. 7O
. 1O
1. 30
3. 2O
1. 4O
38. 1O
2. SO
. 9O
2. 60
3.20
1.40
1OO. OO
92. SO
. OO
5. 8O
.00
. 00
.OO
1. 4O
10O. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1. 42
3. 72
4. 49
7. 23
1. 97
1. 1O
. 22
2. 3O
. 33
1. 31
.22
1.97
4. OS
1.33
33.73
2. 41
1. 2O
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
2. 74 3 AROMATIC
3. 83 3 AROMATIC
1.97 7 NON-REACTIVE
99.98
91.44
.OO
6. 57
.OO
.OO
.OO
1. 97
99.98
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-O6-OO8-O1
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBC
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES. CRACKED GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O319
NONE
o
CTi
(Ji
CTi
to
O
O
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43213 BUTENE
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
43201 BENZENE
TOTAL
1O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
114.
128.
98.
126.
72.
38.
72.
86.
1OO.
36.
1O6.
92.
78.
82.
56.
96.
78.
82.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
23
23
19
26
13
12
15
17
20
1O
16
13
11
OO
10
52
00
00
OO
11
12
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12.
4.
3.
21.
1.
19.
13.
14.
1.
1.
3.
1OO.
93.
1.
4.
100.
8O
1O
20
90
3O
4O
1O
7O
4O
9O
1O
6O
OO
3O
00
SO
1O
6O
00
OO
OO
5O
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
12.
2.
3.
.
24.
1.
22.
14.
12.
1.
1.
2.
.
99.
93.
1.
3.
.
.
•
99.
21
93
16
28
16
34
36
38
67
21
64
23
7O
49
98
92
64
93
00
OO
OO
49
98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
3-06-O08-01
01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OOBD
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, GAS-OIL STOCK
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O322
NONE
u>
o
cr>
to
CT*
to
o
o
~j
ID
01
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O9 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
4323B N-DECANE
432O2 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
11 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
10O.
72.
44.
38.
72.
86.
1OO.
114.
128.
142.
92.
16.
3O.
85.
.
92.
.
16.
3O.
57.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
2O
13
O9
12
13
17
20
23
23
28
13
O4
O7
84
OO
13
OO
00
04
07
25
PERCENT
WEIGHT
6.
16.
3.
3.
6.
7.
11.
8.
7.
4.
3.
7.
1O.
3.
1OO.
78.
.
7.
.
10.
3.
1OO.
OO
OO
8O
3O
SO
4O
80
3O
9O
4O
3O
3O
OO
8O
OO
90
OO
3O
OO
OO
00
80
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4.
9.
3.
4.
6.
3.
7.
4.
3.
1.
1.
4.
33.
7.
1OO.
52.
.
4.
.
35.
7.
1OO.
OO 1
13
O3
29
40
89
83
73
93
94 1
43 1
32 3
62 6
20 7
00
66
00
52
OO
OO
62
20
OO
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
3-06-OO8-O1
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-008E
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, REFORMATE STOCK
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MICELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O3O9
NONE
U)
o
I
M
^J
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 4322O N-PENTANE
4 43231 N-HEXANE
5 43232 N-HEPTANE
6 43233 N-OCTANE
7 432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
30. 07
13. 9O
24. 7O
21. 3O
19. 3O
1O. OO
9. 7O
. 9O
1OO. OO
68. 50
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
30.07
99. 1O
. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 90
67. 72 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-008F
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, DISTILLATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. Ill
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE. NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0318
NONE
O
CTi
I
M
CO
to
CTi
to
O
O
I
~J
<£>
in
LINE
NO
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43103 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431 OB ISOMERS OF NONANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43246 CYCLOHEXANE
43201 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
15 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
17 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
100.
114.
128.
72.
44.
58.
38.
72.
86.
100.
114.
128.
142.
84.
16.
30.
1 83.
2
3
4
5
6 16.
7 30.
70.
COMPOSITE
17
20
23
25
15
O9
12
12
15
17
20
23
23
28
16
04
07
76
00
OO
00
00
O4
07
09
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3.
2.
3.
3.
5.
12.
2.
11.
9.
8.
9.
6.
14.
1.
4.
1.
100.
94.
4.
1.
100.
OO
OO
OO
3O
OO
3O
7O
50
OO
00
6O
90
30
80
OO
2O
OO
00
80
OO
OO
OO
00
20
00
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.
1.
1.
4.
8
15.
3.
10.
7.
6.
6.
3.
7.
18.
2.
99.
79.
IB.
2.
99.
43
40
82
28
83
40
34
Ol
71
28
02
O9
37
28
84
33
31
98
32
00
00
00
00
35
31
98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3>
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-06-008-01
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-008G
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES. NAPHTHA
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
INDUSTRY, REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0320
NONE
o
CTi
I
to
o
o
i
(Ji
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43108 ISOMERS OF NONANE
431O9 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43235 N-NONANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
43201 BENZENE
TOTAL
16 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
19 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
114.
128.
142.
98.
112.
126.
72.
44.
58.
72.
86.
100.
114.
128.
84.
1O6.
92.
78.
112.
99.
78.
109.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
23
23
28
19
23
26
15
09
12
15
17
20
23
23
16
16
13
11
87
00
09
OO
00
OO
11
65
PERCENT
WEIGHT
6.
3.
20.
16.
2.
4.
1.
6.
1.
6.
8.
1.
7.
6.
2.
100.
84.
13.
2.
100.
60
6O
60
6O
4O
60
80
40
6O
60
3O
20
80
4O
30
SO
00
20
3O
00
30
00
2O
00
OO
00
50
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
8.
3.
17.
12.
2.
4.
1.
1.
1.
7.
1.
6.
7.
1.
7.
7.
3.
99.
81.
14.
3.
99.
43
37
63
81
63
55
16
66
33
1O
97
89
97
13
12
97
23
34
5O
99
92
00
57
00
OO
00
5O
99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
3-O6-OO8-01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OOBH
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES. REFINERY GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O324
NONE
o
en
i
M
O
NJ
cn
to
o
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O5 ISDMERS OF HEXANE
431 O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 20
72. 13
44. 09
58. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
10O. 20
16. O4
30. O7
58. 35
. OO
.00
.00
. OO
16. O4
30.07
39.41
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 3O
. 2O
10. 7O
13. 9O
26. 80
11. 3O
9. 40
2. 8O
. 1O
16. 4O
5. 1O
100.00
78. SO
.00
. OO
. 00
.00
16. 4O
5. 10
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
3-O6-OO8-01
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 39
. O8
5. 83
14. 23
18. 17
7. 65
5. 12
1.30
.04
4O. 28
6. 7O
99. 99
53.01
. OO
. 00
. 00
.00
40. 28
6. 70
99.99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBJ
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
PIPE/VALVE FLANGES, NATURAL GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. Ill
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O323
NONE
o
cr>
i
to
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 432O3 ETHYLEME
4 43201 METHANE
3 432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
28. OS
16. O4
30. 07
45. 50
28. O5
. 00
. OO
. 00
16. O4
30. O7
17. 43
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 6O
. 50
. 4O
84. 5O
11. OO
10O. 00
4. 1O
. 40
. 00
00
. OO
84. 5O
11. 00
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBK
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
VALVES AND FLANGES, WET AND DRY NATURAL GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO41
NONE
o
CTi
to
to
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE 72. 13
2 432O4 PROPANE 44. O9
3 43212 N-BUTANE 58. 12
4 43214 ISOBUTANE 38. 12
3 4323O N-PENTANE 72. 13
6 432O1 METHANE 16. O4
7 432O2 ETHANE 3O. O7
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 50. 23
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 30. 07
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 2O. 59
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 10
11. 10
4. 40
3. 9O
. 70
62. OO
17. SO
1OO. OO
20.20
.00
. OO
. 00
. 00
62. OO
17. BO
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-06-O08-01
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. 31 1 PARAFFIN
3. 19 1 PARAFFIN
1. 36 1 PARAFFIN
1.O3 1 PARAFFIN
. 21 1 PARAFFIN
79. 33 6 METHANE
12. 18 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. Ol
8. 3O
.OO
.00
.OO
. OO
79. 53
12. 18
1OO. Ol
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE ADJACENT TO LEAK AREA
to
CTi
to
O
O
I
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBL
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
VALVES AND FLANGES. GAS PLANT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO36
NONE
o
CTi
I
NJ
O
O
I
-J
«3
(Ji
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
2O
21
22
23
24
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431 OS ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O9 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43242 CYCLOPENTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
432OS PROPYLENE
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
18 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
24 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
142. 28
98. 19
126. 26
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
7O. 14
84. 16
42. OS
1O6. 16
92. 13
16. O4
3O. O7
78. 11
1 62. 29
2 42. 08
3 96. 22
4 . OO
5 .00
6 16. O4
7 30. 30
33. 09
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 6O
. 80
. 4O
. 3O
. 2O
. 1O
7. 8O
11. 30
18. 3O
7. 4O
7. 7O
3. 40
1. 4O
1. 8O
. 6O
. 80
. 3O
. 1O
. 1O
. 2O
. 3O
28. 6O
3.80
. 10
1OO. OO
64. 70
. 1O
.70
. 00
. 00
28. 60
5. 9O
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 63
. 26
. 13
. O7
. O7
. O3
3. 37
8. 62
1O. 4O
4. 19
3. 33
1.32
. 46
. 33
. 17
.20
. 23
. O3
.07
. O7
. 17
9U. DO
6.37
. O3
1OO. Ol
34. 44
.07
.24
. OO
.00
58.86
6.40
100. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-06-008-01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OO8M
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. MISCELLANEOUS
WET GAS VALVE FROM TRAPS. WET NATURAL GAS, COMPOSITE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO42
NONE
o
en
i
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 43122 I SOWERS OF PENTANE
2 43204 PROPANE
3 43212 N-BUTANE
4 43214 ISOBUTANE
3 4322O N-PENTANE
6 432O1 METHANE
7 432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
72. 13
44. 09
58. 12
58. 12
72. 15
16. 04
30. O7
49. 91
. OO
.00
.00
.00
16.04
3O. O7
23.53
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 20
18. 6O
8. 3O
4. 3O
. 9O
47. OO
19. 7O
100. 00
33. 3O
.00
. OO
. 00
.OO
47. 00
19. 70
100.00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
3-O6-OO8-01
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. 4O 1 PARAFFIN
9. 92 1 PARAFFIN
3. 36 1 PARAFFIN
1. 74 1 PARAFFIN
. 31 1 PARAFFIN
68. 88 6 METHANE
15. 4O 7 NON-REACTIVE
100.01
15. 73
. OO
. OO
.OO
. 00
68. 88
15. 4O
100. 01
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLES
O
o
i
^j
VO
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-OO8N
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. MARKETING, FUGITIVE
EMISSIONS, RELIEF VALVES, LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO47
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
SAROAD
CODE
432O4
43214
432O3
432O2
CHEMICAL
NAME
PROPANE
ISOBUTANE
PROPYLENE
ETHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.
58.
42.
3O.
O9
12
OS
O7
PERCENT
WEIGHT
9O.
3.
4.
100.
4O
4O
1O
1O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
88.
3.
3.
10O.
39
3O
23
88
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
2
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
NON-REACTIVE
o
(Ti
I
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~4~~COHPOUND COMPOSITE
44.
42.
.
.
30.
43.
14
08
00
00
OO
OO
O7
20
9O.
5.
4.
1OO.
80
1O
00
OO
00
00
10
00
88.
5.
5.
100.
89
23
00
OO
00
00
88
00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O6-OO8-O2
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
to
cn
to
o
o
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. "Joint District, Federal and State Project for the Evaluation of
Refinery Emissions," Report No. 8, June 1958, Los Angeles APCD.
5. "Joint District, Federal and State Project for the Evaluation of
Refinery Emissions, Report No. 2, March 1957, Los Angeles APCD.
3-06-25a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-008B MISCELLANEOUS—PUMP SEALS
—COMPRESSOR SEALS
Process Description
There are many different types of pumps and compressors used to
transfer liquids and gases in a modern refinery, the scope of which is
beyond this report. Respective equipment manufacturers should be consulted
for information on specific types of equipment.
Emissions
During normal operation, the only source of emissions from centrifugal
pumps and compressors is where the drive shaft passes through the impeller
casing. On reciprocating units leakage is possible at the entrance of the con-
necting rod into the cylinder or fluid chamber. These losses may be vapor or
liquid and generally occur when shafts become scarred or move eccentrically,
or through failure of the packing or seal faces (Ref. 4)-
The rate at which this destruction of seal efficiency progresses
depends upon the abrasive and corrosive properties of the product handled
and the type of maintenance practiced (Ref. 4).
The emission factors listed below are from a recent refinery hydro-
carbon emission study (Ref. 3) .
Composite
Emission Factor Emission Factor
Device Type Product (Ib/day-device) (Ib/seal-day)
Pump Seals
Mechanical
Mechanical
Packed
Packed
<26 RVP 0.3
>26 RVP 7.0
<26 RVP 0.4
>26 RVP 40.0
1.5
11.0
Pumps (Composite for all units) 3.0
Compressor (composite for all units) * 28.0 lb/unifday)
RVP - Reid Vapor Pressure
*Based on a petroleum production gas plant compressor site.
3.06-26 26200-795
-------
The organic species estimated to be emanating from these leaks are
presented in Profiles 3-06-008P through X for pumps and Profiles 3-06-008Y
and Z for compressors.
Controls
Controls generally take the form of:
proper choice of sealing mechanism
selection of improved sealing materials
proper maintenance, and
venting of compressor glands to a vapor recovery
system or flare
Profile Basis
Profiles are based on data from tests performed on approximately 80
pumps and 10 compressors. Gas samples were taken on a select few based on
leak rate and process fluid composition. Samples were taken by grab samples
(gas collecting bottle) or by gas collecting bottles plus NIOSH type charcoal
tubes.
Emission rates were determined through the use of soap sprayers and
tenting techniques. Consult Reference 3 for further details.
Data Qualification
The above mentioned profiles and emission rates may be used to
characterize the fugitive emissions resulting from leaky pump and compressor
seals in a refinery. Each profile identifies the applicable process fluid
associated with the leaking pump or compressor seal.
3-06-27 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBP
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
PUMP SEALS, COMPOPSITE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY 0321
NONE
o
CTi
to
00
to
ty<
to
o
o
<£>
Ul
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
1O
11
IS
13
14
13
16
17
IB
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 I HOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431 OB ISOMERS OF NONANE
431O9 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-B CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
4323B N-DECANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
20 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
25 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
B6.
1OO.
114.
12B.
142.
9B.
112.
126.
72.
44.
38.
38.
38.
72.
86.
1OO.
114.
128.
142.
84.
1O6.
92.
16.
30.
78.
85.
95.
16.
36.
73.
17
2O
23
23
28
19
23
26
13
O9
12
12
12
13
17
20
23
25
28
16
16
13
04
07
11
74
00
88
00
OO
04
31
81
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3.
4.
2.
3.
1.
1.
6.
3.
7.
11.
11.
8.
12.
3.
5.
1.
3.
3.
1.
100.
90.
4.
3.
1.
100.
SO
1O
BO
1O
9O
1O
1O
BO
6O
7O
90
2O
BO
1O
OO
30
OO
9O
1O
30
30
00
30
20
50
OO
70
00
30
OO
OO
30
70
00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
PERCENT
CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4.
3.
1.
1.
6.
6.
1O.
.
1.
11.
9.
6.
7.
2.
2.
2.
15.
2.
100.
78.
3.
15.
3.
10O.
72 1
03 1
83 1
77 1
96 1
81 1
O7 1
44
79
20
O4
22
O3
37
43
27
73
21
66
44
89 3
44 3
20 6
95 7
44 7
OO
O8
OO
33
00
00
20
39
00
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBQ
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS. STRAIGHT RUN GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O312
NONE
OJ
o
i
NJ
to
CTi
O
O
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-B CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
451 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
45202 TOLUENE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
17 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
20 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
128. 23
142. 28
98. 19
112. 23
126. 26
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114.23
128. 23
84. 16
1O6. 16
92. 13
78. 11
1 1 1 1 . 27
2 . OO
3 97. 98
4 . 00
5 . OO
6 . OO
7 78. 11
109. 74
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 10
3. 4O
4. 70
8. 3O
2. 6O
1. 00
. 20
2. 6O
. 20
7O
. 1O
1. 3O
3. 20
1. 4O
58. 1O
2. SO
. 9O
2. 6O
3. 2O
1. 4O
100. OO
92.80
. 00
5. 80
. OO
. 00
. OO
1. 40
10O. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
1. 42
3. 72
4. 49
7. 23
1. 97
1. 10
. 22
2. 3O
. 33
1. 31
. 22
1. 97
4. 03
1. 33
55. 75
2.41
1. 20
2. 74
3. 83
1. 97
99.98
91.44
. 00
6. 57
. OO
. 00
. OO
1.97
99. 98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-O6-008-03
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197B
TABLE 3-06-OOBR
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
PUMP SEALS. CRACKED GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
RVB PROFILE KEY O31O
NONE
U)
•
o
I
CjJ
o
ro
cr>
to
o
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43108 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43213 BUTENE
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
43201 BENZENE
TOTAL
1O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
114.
128.
98.
126.
72.
38.
72.
86.
1OO.
56.
106.
92.
78.
82.
56.
96.
.
78.
82.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
23
25
19
26
15
12
15
17
2O
10
16
13
11
00
10
52
OO
OO
00
11
12
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12.
4.
3.
21.
1.
19.
13.
14.
1.
1.
3.
100.
93.
1.
4.
100.
BO
1O
2O
9O
30
4O
10
7O
4O
9O
10
60
OO
3O
00
80
10
60
OO
OO
00
5O
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
12.
2.
3.
24.
1.
22.
14.
12.
1.
1.
2.
99.
93.
1.
3.
99.
21
93
16
28
16
34
36
38
67
21
64
23
7O
49
98
92
64
93
00
OO
OO
49
98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT,
3-O6-O08-03
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OO8S
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM
PUMP SEALS, GAS-OIL STOCK
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
INDUSTRY. REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O313
NONE
o
CTi
I
OJ
to
O
O
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
MOTES
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
452O2 TOLUENE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
11 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
>: A. METHOD CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
72. IS
44. O9
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
10O. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
92. 13
16. 04
30. O7
1 85. 84
2 .OO
3 92. 13
4 . OO
5 . OO
6 16. 04
7 30. O7
57. 25
PERCENT
WEIGHT
6. OO
16. 00
3. BO
3. 3O
6. 5O
7. 4O
11. 8O
8. 3O
7. 9O
4. 4O
3. 30
7. 30
1O. 00
3. 8O
1OO. 00
78. 9O
. OO
7. 30
. 00
. 00
1O. OO
3. 80
100. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
4. 00
9. 13
3. 03
4. 29
6. 4O
5. 89
7. 83
4. 73
3. 93
1. 94
1. 43
4. 32
35. 62
7. 2O
1OO. OO
52. 66
. OO
4. 52
. 00
, OO
35. 62
7.20
100. 00
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
6 METHANE
7 NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
B. REFERENCES KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-06-008-03
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBT
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS, REFORMATE STOCK
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O314
NONE
o
CTi
U)
to
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 4322O N-PENTANE
4 43231 N-HEXANE
3 43232 N-HEPTANE
6 43233 N-OCTANE
7 43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
1OO. 20
114. 23
30. 07
68. 50
. 00
. OO
.00
. 00
.00
30. 07
67.72
PERCENT
WEIGHT
13. 90
24. 7O
21. SO
19. 30
1O. OO
9. 7O
. 9O
100. 00
99. 10
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
.00
. 90
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF 3)
3-06-OOB-03
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
21. 33 1 PARAFFIN
28. 77 1 PARAFFIN
2O. 18 1 PARAFFIN
IS. 17 1 PARAFFIN
6. 77 1 PARAFFIN
3. 73 1 PARAFFIN
2. O3 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. OO
97. 97
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
2. O3
1OO. 00
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DATA
NJ
o
o
ID
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBU
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS. DISTILLATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0311
NONE
o
en
OJ
ro
o
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O9 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
15 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
17 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
10O. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
72. 15
44. 09
58. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
84. 16
16. 04
3O. O7
1 83. 76
2 . OO
3 . OO
4 . OO
5 . OO
6 16. O4
7 30. 07
7O. O9
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. OO
2. OO
3. OO
. 5O
5.00
5. 3O
12. 70
2. SO
11. OO
9. OO
8. 6O
9. 9O
6. SO
14. 80
1. OO
4. 2O
1. OO
10O. OO
94. 80
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
4. 20
1. OO
10O. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.45
1. 4O
1. 82
. 28
4. 83
8. 4O
15. 34
3. Ol
1O. 71
7. 28
6. O2
6. O9
3. 57
7. 28
. 84
18. 35
2. 31
99. 98
79.32
.OO
. OO
.00
.00
18. 35
2. 31
99. 98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
8. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-06-O08-O3
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-O&-008V
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTY, REFINERY MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS, NAPHTHA
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE. NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0315
NONE
IjO
O
to
O
O
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISQMERS OF HEXANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431O8 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43115 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
45202 TOLUENE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
16 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
19 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
114.
128.
142.
98.
112.
126.
72.
44.
38.
72.
86.
100.
114.
128.
84.
1O6.
92.
78.
112.
99.
78.
109.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
23
23
2B
19
23
26
13
O9
12
15
17
20
23
25
16
16
13
11
87
00
O9
00
OO
OO
11
65
PERCENT
WEIGHT
6.
3.
20.
16.
2.
4.
1.
6.
1.
6.
8.
1.
7.
6.
2.
100.
84.
13.
2.
100.
6O
60
60
6O
4O
6O
8O
4O
6O
6O
3O
2O
SO
4O
3O
3O
00
2O
3O
00
30
00
20
OO
00
OO
50
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
8.
3.
17.
12.
2.
4.
1.
1.
1.
7.
1.
6.
7.
I.
7.
7.
3.
99.
81.
14.
3.
99.
43
37
63
81
63
33
16
66
33
1O
97
89
97
13
12
97
23
34
3O
99
92
00
57
OO
OO
OO
50
99
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT
3-O6-OO8-O3
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-008W
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, MISCELLANEOUS
PUMP SEALS, NATURAL GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO43
NONE
OJ
O
U)
Ln
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431 OS ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
98.
112.
72.
44.
58.
58.
72.
86.
16.
3O.
1 73.
2
3
4
5
6 16.
7 3O.
65.
COMPOSITE
17
19
23
15
O9
12
12
13
17
04
O7
71
00
00
00
00
04
07
OO
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12.
17.
3.
1O.
6.
14.
4.
1O.
12.
3.
1.
100.
95.
3.
1.
100.
BO
6O
4O
3O
20
9O
7O
70
4O
OO
8O
00
2O
00
00
00
00
OO
80
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
9.
11.
3.
9.
9.
16.
3.
9.
9.
12.
3.
1OO.
83.
.
12.
3.
100.
68
63
12
49
16
63
26
62
36
13
9O
OO
95
00
OO
00
OO
15
90
OO
GC-MS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
OF GRAB SAMPLE ADJACENT
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-O6-OO8-03
fO
CTi
to
O
O
-J
10
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-06-OOBX
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.
PUMP SEALS. GASOLINE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO3B
NONE
o
CTi
I
CJ
to
en
N>
O
O
I
LINE
NO.
I
2
3
4
3
6
7
e
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
2O
21
22
23
24
23
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43108 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
43213 BUTENE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
43202 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
19 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
25 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
100. 20
114. 23
128. 23
142. 28
98. 19
112.23
126. 26
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
10O.20
114. 23
128.23
142. 28
84. 16
36. 1O
1O6. 16
92. 13
16. O4
3O. O7
78. 11
85.82
56. 1O
95. 86
. OO
. OO
16. O4
36. 31
73. 78
PERCENT
HEIGHT
3. 30
4. 10
2. BO
3. 1O
1. 9O
1. 10
. 10
. SO
6. 6O
3. 7O
7. 9O
. 80
11. 1O
11. OO
8. 30
12. OO
3. 9O
3. 10
. 30
. 2O
1. 3O
3. OO
3. 3O
1. 20
. 50
1OO. OO
9O. 90
. 2O
4. 30
. OO
.00
3. 3O
1. 7O
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4. 72
3. 02
1. 84
1. 77
. 96
. 81
. O7
. 44
6. 78
6. 19
1O. O3
1. 03
11. 36
9. 44
6. 27
7. 74
2. 21
2. 63
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
. 44 1 PARAFFIN
.29 2 OLEFIN
. 88 3 AROMATIC
2. 43 3 AROMATIC
15. 19 6 METHANE
2. 95 7 NON-REACTIVE
. 44 7 NON-REACTIVE
99.95
77.77
.29
3. 31
.00
. OO
15. 19
3.39
99. 95
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE TAKEN AT PUMP 'SEAL
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
3— O6— OO8— O3
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-O6-OO8Y
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. MISCELLANEOUS
COMPRESSOR SEALS. MET AND DRY NATURAL 6AS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY CO44
NONE
o
CTl
I
U)
-J
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE 72. 19
2 432O4 PROPANE 44. O9
3 43212 N-BUTANE 58. 12
4 43214 ISOBUTANE 58. 12
5 4322O N-PENTANE 72. 15
6 43231 N-HEXANE 86. 17
7 432O1 METHANE 16. O4
8 432O2 ETHANE 3O. O7
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 51.61
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 - OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 3O. O7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 23. 62
PERCENT
HEIGHT
2. SO
18. OO
8. 2O
4. 5O
1. 8O
1. 00
48. 4O
IS. 6O
1OO. OO
36. OO
. OO
. OO
.OO
.OO
48. 4O
15. 6O
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-008Z
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY,
COMPRESSOR SEALS, REFINERY CAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO39
NONE
U)
•
O
CD
NJ
cn
O
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
1O
11
12
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O9 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
432OS PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
8 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
12 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
10O.
72.
44.
58.
58.
72.
86.
42.
56.
16.
30.
58.
43.
16.
30.
40.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
17
20
15
O9
12
12
15
17
08
10
04
O7
O5
36
OO
00
00
04
07
47
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.
8.
16.
23.
10.
7.
4.
8.
1.
13.
5.
100.
71.
1O.
13.
5.
100.
OO
10
6O
OO
20
OO
60
6O
80
20
30
60
00
10
OO
00
00
00
30
60
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
4.
14.
16.
6.
4.
2.
8.
33.
7.
1OO.
49.
9.
33.
7.
1OO.
49
04
82
7O
16
97
25
13
46
83
38
33
00
58
31
00
OO
00
58
53
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
6
7
GC-MS ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
OF GRAB SAMPLE TAKEN AT LEAKING SEAL
3-06-O08-04
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. "Joint District, Federal and State Project for the Evaluation of
Refinery Emissions," Report No. 6, March 1957, Los Angeles APCD.
3.06-38a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-009 WASTE GAS FLARES
Process Description
Modern refining processes produce large quantities of hydrocarbon
gases. Every refinery must be equipped to handle excess gas production which
is produced intermittently, and large volumes of hydrocarbon vapors produced
very rapidly from process units during emergenices. A number of devices are
utilized to recover these gases but facilities for the ultimate disposal of
excess vapors are usually necessary. This is generally accomplished by
combustion in waste gas flares although small amounts may be vented to the
fireboxes of heaters or boilers.
The objective of combustion in a waste gas flare is the oxidation
of the hydrocarbon vapors to carbon dioxide and water without the production
of smoke and objectionable odors. The three common types of waste gas flares
are: elevated flares, ground level flares, and open pit flares. The two
major types of elevated waste gas flares used by refineries located in Los
Angeles County are the air-aspirating venturi flare and the steam-injection
flare, both of which are smokeless.
Emissions
The smokeless flares now in operation at most refineries appear to
attain highly efficient combustion of waste gas. Actual field testing of flares
is generally not feasible because of safety considerations, the erratic nature
of the gas flow to flares and the inaccessibility of most flare tips. A
hydrocarbon emission factor of 5 lb/10 bbl refinery capacity is
reported in AP-42 (Ref. 1).
An estimate of the organic species emitted from a typical refinery
waste flare is presented in Profile 3-06-009.
3.06-39 26200-795
-------
Controls
Based on the design of smokeless flares, essentially complete combustion
does occur. Control for flares would amount to the conversion of a smoking
type flare to a smokeless type flare, air-aspirating venturi flare or steam
injected flare - followed by proper maintenance.
AP40 (Ref. 2) offers a detailed explanation of. the design, applica-
tion limitations of various waste gas flares. Another reference is the
API Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes (Ref. 5).
Profile Basis
Profile 3-06-009 was based on a survey and evaluation of pertinent
literature.
Data Qualification
AP-42's 6.0 lb/10 bbl refinery capacity may be used with discretion.
Profile 3-06-009 may be used with discretion to characterize the
VOC's emitted from a refinery waste-gas flare.
3.06-40 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-009
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. REFINERY
FLARES, NATURAL GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO51
NONE
u>
o
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 432O4 PROPANE 44. O9 3O.
S 433O2 FORMALDEHYDE 30. O3 20.
3 432O1 METHANE 16. O4 2O.
4 432O2 ETHANE 3O. O7 30.
TOTAL 100.
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 44. O9 3O.
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 .00
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 30. 03 20.
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 .00
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. 04 20.
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 30. 07 30.
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 27. 85 100.
00
OO
OO
OO
00
00
OO
OO
00
00
00
00
00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-O6-009-O1
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
18. 94 1 PARAFFIN
18. 35 4 CARBONYL
34. 73 6 METHANE
27. 79 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. 01
IB. 94
. OO
. 00
18. 55
. OO
34. 73
27. 79
10O. 01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
CTi
M
O
O
I
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. "Joint District, Federal and State Project for the Evaluation of
Refinery Emissions," Report No. 8, June 1958, Los Angeles APCD.
5. "Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes," Volume II, American Petroleum
Institute, Div. of Refining, Washington, D.C., 5th Ed., 1957.
3-°6-41a 26200-795
-------
3-06 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
3-06-013 CATALYTIC REFORMING .
Process Description
In reforming processes, a feed stock of gasoline undergoes molecular
rearrangement by means of catalysis (usually including hydrogen removal) to
produce a gasoline of higher quality and higher octane number. In various
fixed-bed and fluidized-bed processes, the catalyst is regenerated contin-
uously in a manner similar to that used with cracking units.
Emissions
Hydrocarbon emissions emanating from fixed bed catalytic reforming units
result mainly from leaking peripheral equipment such as valves, fittings,
flanges and pump seals.
Emission rates for valves, flanges, pumps and fittings are discussed
in Section 3-06-008A and B.
The hydrocarbon specie emissions data applicable to the above mentioned
equipment associated with a catalytic reforming unit are presented in Profile
3-06-013.
Controls
See Section 3-06-008A and B.
Profile Basis
Data contained within profile 3-06-013 were developed through an en-
gineering evaluation of similar test data—leaky catalytic reformer unit
valve and a leaky crude heater pump seal.
Data Qualification
Profile 3-06-013 may be used to charaterize the hydrocarbon emissions
data from a catalytic reformer and associated peripheral equipment.
3.06-42 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-06-O13
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, REFINERY
CATALYTIC REFORMER, GENERAL FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO53
NONE
o
CTi
I
to
o
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
2O
21
NOTES
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43103 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O7 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43108 ISOMERS OF NONANE
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
4323S N-NONANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
432O1 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
16 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
98. 19
126. 26
72. 15
44. 09
38. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 20
114. 23
128. 25
84. 16
1O6. 16
92. 13
16. 04
3O. O7
78. 11
55. 87
. OO
98. 72
. OO
. OO
16. 04
3O. 42
48. 46
PERCENT
WEIGHT
. BO
70
2. 3O
2. OO
. 3O
. 60
9O
26. 7O
22. 6O
2O. 7O
20
. 8O
. 20
. SO
1. OO
. 2O
. 80
. 80
. 90
16. 20
. 3O
1OO. OO
81. OO
.OO
1. 6O
. OO
. OO
. 90
16. 50
1OO. OO
A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
3-O6-O13-O1
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 44
. 29
. 97
. 68
. 15
. 24
. 63
29. 30
18. 81
17. 21
. 15
. 44
. 1O
. 34
. 39
. 1O
. 39
. 44
2. 71
26. O6
. 19
100.03
7O. 24
. OO
.83
. 00
. OO
2. 71
26. 23
1OO. O3
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al.f "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3.06-44 26200-795
-------
3-30 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
3-30-001 GENERAL FABRICS—YARN DYEING
Process Description
Fabric dyeing involves the chemical bonding of a dyeing agent to the
fabric to produce a durable color change. In general, fabrics are dyed in
vats or spray chambers.
Emissions
Evaporation of the low boiling point solvents in the chemical dye
formulation may result in the emission of volatile organic vapors to the
atmosphere if left uncontrolled. A thorough discussion of the methods employable
to calculate the VOC emission rates from various solvent based operations is
presented in Section 12 of AP-40 (Ref. 1).
Profile 3-30-001 presents the estimated volatile organic specie
emissions from a textile dyeing operation.
Controls
As in all solvent vapor control situations, control generally takes the
form of condensers, air curtains or lids, charcoal adsorbers, or afterburners.
Each situation and allowable emission limits dictate generally what control
avenue to pursue. A thorough discussion of solvent vapor control equipment
is offered in Section 12 of AP-40 (Section 1).
Profile Basis
Profile 3-30-001 is based on an engineering evaluation of a textile
dyeing manufacturer's solvent use and control questionnaire.
Data Qualifications
Profile 3-30-001 may be used with discretion to characterize the
volatile organic emissions from an uncontrolled textile dyeing operation.
3-30-1 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 3-30-O01
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. TEXTILE MANUFACTURING
FABRIC DYEING. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY OO6O
NONE
ui
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43331 ACETONE
43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
4336O METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
43301 METHYL ALCOHOL
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
43304 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43303 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
38. 08
72. 1O
100. 16
32. O4
46. O7
60. 09
74. 12
1 .00
2 .00
3 .00
4 68. 79
5 57. 96
6 . OO
7 . OO
62. 91
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2O. OO
21. 4O
8. 6O
3. 6O
4. 5O
16. 4O
23. 3O
100. 00
.OO
.OO
.OO
SO. 00
50. OO
.00
.OO
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
21. 64
18. 68
3. 41
11. Ol
6. 16
17. 17
19. 94
1OO. Ol
. OO
. OO
. OO
45. 73
54. 28
.00
.00
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4 CARBONYL
4 CARBONYL
4 CARBONYL
3 MISCELLANEOUS
5 MISCELLANEOUS
3 MISCELLANEOUS
3 MISCELLANEOUS
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: FABRIC DYE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 3-3O-001-99
CTi
K>
O
O
I
--0
-------
REFERENCES
1.
Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973,
2. Taback. H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin,"
Vol. I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978
3.30-3 26200-795
-------
3-90 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, IN PROCESS FUEL
3-90-007 PROCESS—COKE OVEN GAS
Process Description
Approximately 40% by volume of the byproduct given off during the des-
tructive distillation of the coal in a coproduct type coking oven is reused
as fuel. The byproduct gas is first stripped of its coproducts and then
returned and burned for the under firing of the coke oven batteries. (See
Section 3-03-003.) Coproduct ovens generally hold from 16 to 24 tons of coal
and are built in batteries of 10 to 100 ovens. Once the coke ovens are fired,
they are not allowed to cool down unless their replacement is required.
Emissions
Hydrocarbon emissions result from the burning of the stripped coke
oven gas for the under firing of the coke batteries. The combustion exhaust
gases from each oven are manifolded together and vented through a common
stack.
An average hydrocarbon emission rate of 0.6 lb/10 ACF coke oven
gas fired at a HHV of 550 Btu/ft was reported. The coke oven battery tested
consisted of 45 individual coke ovens with a reported fuel rate of 150,000
CFH, a stack gas flow rate of 2.4x10 SCFM and a HC emissions rate of 8.8
Ib/hr. Approximately 83% by weight of this is methane (Ref. 2).
Consult Reference 3 for further emissions information.
Profile 3-90-007 presents the hydrocarbon emission species detected
(Ref. 2) .
Controls
Controls associated with coking operations are generally concerned
with the visible and invisible emissions connected with the destructive
distillation of the coal and not from the under firing of the coke batteries
Improvement of combustion efficiency would be a proper method of control
3-90 -1 26200-795
-------
2
Profile Basis
The hydrocarbon species data presented in Profile 3-90-007 represents
test data obtained from a typical coproduct type coke oven battery. Gas
samples were taken from within the exhaust stack servicing 45 ovens under
fired with stripped coke oven gas. The gas collection train consisted of a
glass collecting bottle followed by NIOSH type charcoal tubes.
Process information such as fuel flow and exhaust gas flow rate were
obtained from the steel manufacturer.
Data Qualification
This profile may be used to characterize the hydrocarbon emissions
from a typical coproduct type coke oven using stripped coke oven gas for
under firing of the coke batteries. This profile does not represent the
fugitive unstripped coke oven gas emissions that occur in a coproduct type
battery — leaky door and lid seals, leaky valves, fittings, etc. For this
type of specie data, refer to Profile 3-03-003.
3.90-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 3-9O-OO7
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS. INPROCESS FUEL,
COKE OVEN BLAST-FURNACE CAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. II
PROCESS GAS
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O217
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
SAROAD
CODE
43203
432O3
43213
43201
43202
49201
CHEMICAL
NAME
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
28.
42.
56.
16.
3O.
78.
03
O8
1O
O4
07
11
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2.
3.
6.
40.
1.
43.
100.
BO
30
4O
9O
4O
OO
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
Z.
3.
3.
73.
I.
13.
99.
86
73
26
OO
33
77
99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
2
2
2
6
7
7
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~6~~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.00
42.65
. 00
.00
.OO
16. O4
74. 32
.OO
14. 7O
. OO
.OO
.OO
4O. 9O
44. 4O
.OO
9.87
. OO
.OO
.00
73.00
17. 12
28.65
100. 00
99.99
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 3-9O-OO7-01
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
to
-------
REFERENCES
1. Shreve, R. N. and Brink, J. A., Jr., "Chemical Process Industries,"
4th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977.
2. Taback, H. J. , et al. , "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vols. I and
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. Coke Oven Emissions, Miscellaneous Emissions and Their Control at Kaiser
Steel Corporation's Pontana Steel Making Facility, State of California,
Air Resources Board, Report No. L&E-76-11.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3.90-4 26200-795
-------
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION
4-01 CLEANING SOLVENT
4-02 SURFACE COATING
4-03 PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
INCLUDING MARINE TERMINAL 4-06
4-05 PRINTING PRESS
-------
4-01 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
4-01-001 DRY CLEANING—TRICHLOROETHANE
—STODDARD SOLVENT
—PERCHLOROETHYLENE
Process Description
Dry cleaning involves the cleaning of fabrics with non-aqueous organic
solvents. The dry cleaning process requires three steps: (1) washing the
fabric in solvent, (2) spinning to extract excess solvent, and (3) drying by
tumbling in a hot airstream.
Two general types of cleaning fluids are used in the industry: petro-
leum solvents and synthetic solvents. Petroleum solvents, such as Stoddard
or 140-F, are inexpensive, combustible hydrocarbon mixtures similar to kero-
sene. Operations using petroleum solvents are known as petroleum plants.
Synthetic solvents are nonflammable but more expensive halogenated hydrocar-
bons. Perchloroethylene and trichlorotrifluoroethane are the two synthetic
dry cleaning solvents presently in use. Operations using these synthetic
solvents are called "perc" plants and fluorocarbon plants, respectively.
There are two basic types of dry cleaning machines: transfer and
dry-to-dry. Transfer machines accomplish washing and drying in separate
machines. Usually the washer extracts excess solvent from the clothes before
they are transferred to the dryer, however, some older petroleum plants have
separate extractors for this purpose. Dry-to-dry machines are single units
that perform all of the washing, extraction, and drying operations. All
petroleum solvent machines are the transfer type, but synthetic solvent
plants can be either type.
For further information on the dry cleaning industry and a typical
dry cleaning cycle, refer to References 1 and 2.
Emissions
The solvent material itself is the primary emission of concern from
dry cleaning operations. Solvent is given off by the washer, dryer, solvent
still, muck cooker, still residue, and filter muck storage areas, as well as
leaky pipes, flanges, and pumps.
4.01-1 26200-795
-------
Typical emission factors for dry cleaning plants are presented in
Section 4.1-1 of AP-42 (Ref. 11- Respective profiles are presented at the
end of this section.
Controls
Petroleum plants have generally not employed solvent recovery because
of the low cost of petroleum solvents and the fire hazards associated with
collecting vapors. Some emission control, however, can be obtained by main-
taining all equipment in good condition (e.g., preventing lint accumulation,
preventing solvent leakage, etc.) and by using good operating practices (e.g.,
not overloading machinery). Both carbon adsorption and incineration appear
to be technically feasible controls for petroleum plants, but costs are high.
Solvent recovery is necessary in "perc" plants due to the higher cost
of perchloroethylene. Recovery is effected on the washer, dryer, still, and
muck cooker through the use of condensers, water/solvent separators, and
carbon adsorption units. Periodically (typically once a day), solvent col-
lected in the carbon adsorption unit is desorbed with steam, condensed,
separated from the condensed water, and returned to the pure solvent storage
tank. Residual solvent emitted from treated distillation bottoms and muck
is not recovered. As in petroleum plants, good emission control can be
obtained by good housekeeping practices (maintaining all equipment in good
condition and using good operating practices).
All fluorocarbon machines are of the dry-to-dry variety to conserve
solvent vapor, and all are closed systems with built-in solvent recovery.
High emissions can occur, however, as a result of poor maintenance and opera-
tion of equipment. Refrigeration systems are installed on newer machines to
recover solvent from the washer/dryer exhaust gases.
Profile Basis
As mentioned earlier, the cleaning solvent material itself is the
primary emission pollutant. The data contained in the profile for stoddard
solvent represents actual test results obtained from a steam heated, tumble
dryer at 180°F. The vapor collection train was composed of a gas collecting
bottle followed by NIOSH type charcoal sampling tubes. Mass flow rates
were measured using a standard pitot tube and thermometer.
4.01-2 26200-795
-------
Profiles for the three common dry cleaning solvents in use are
presented at the end of this section. Refer to Profile 4-01-002 F for
emissions using trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113).
Data Qualification
The emission factors referred to in Section 4.1-1 of AP-42 specify
the conditions under which profile applicability is valid.
4-01-3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197B
TABLE 4-01-001A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
DRY CLEANING, 1. 1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOB7
NONE
O
I-1
ifc.
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43814 1, 1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE 133.42
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 133. 42
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 133. 42
PERCENT
WEIGHT
100. 00
100. OO
.00
. 00
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
100. 00
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-0 l-OO 1-99,
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
10O. OO 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
100. OO
100. 00
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
4-01 -OO2-02
NJ
o
o
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O1-001B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
DRY CLEANING, STODDARD SOLVENT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOB6
NONE
o
(-•
un
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
43108 ISOMERS OF NONANE
431 Of ISOMERS OF DECANE
431 1O ISOMERS OF UNDECANE
TOTAL
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 23
128. 23
142. 28
136. 3O
1 138. 21
2 -OO
3 . 00
4 . OO
5 . OO
6 . OO
7 .00
138. 21
PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. SO
27. 3O 29.
69. 3O 67.
2. 6O 2.
1OO. OO 1OO.
10O. OO 1OO.
. OO
. OO
.OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
1OO. OO 1OO.
97 1
42 1
27 1
33 1
01
Ol
OO
00
OO
OO
OO
OO
01
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA GC-MS ANALYSIS
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O1-OO1-O2, 4-O2-OO2-O1
D. See Appendix 1>F
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OF GRAB SAMPLE
to
en
to
o
o
i
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-01-001C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CLEANING SOLVENT
DRV CLEANING, PERCHLOROETHYLENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY OO85
NONE
o
M
I
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
43817 PERCHLOROETHYLENE 169. 83
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 165.83
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 165. 83
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. OO
100. OO
.OO
.00
. OO
. OO
100. OO
. OO
.OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
10O. OO
10O. OO
.00
.OO
.OO
.00
1OO. OO
.OO
.00
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA INSPECTION
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-01-OO1-01, 4-O1-OO2-03
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
5 MISCELLANEOUS
OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
O
O
I
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (Ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC., AP-40, May
1973.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I
and II., KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4.01-7 26200-795
-------
4-01 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
4-01-002 DECREASING—TRICHLOROETHANE
—DICHLOROMETHANE
—TRICHLOROETHYLENE
—TOLUENE
--FREON 11
—FREON 113
Process Description
During the fabrication of many metal products, surfaces are lubricated
with oils, greases, or stearates to facilitate various drawing, forming and
machining operations. Degreasing operations are designed to remove this foreign
material from the product's surface so that the applied surface coating can
adhere properly.
Solvent degreasers vary in size from simple unheated wash basins to
large heated conveyorized units in which articles are washed in hot solvent
vapors. Solvent is usually vaporized in one portion of a tank either by
electric, steam or gas heat. The vapors diffuse and fill that portion of the
tank below the water-cooled condenser. At the condenser level, a definite
interface between the vapor and air can be observed from the top of the tank.
Solvent condensed at this level runs into the collection trough and from there
to the clean-solvent receptacle in the other portion of the tank. Articles
to be degreased are lowered in baskets into the vapor space of the tank. Sol-
vent vapors condense on the cooler metal parts, and the hot condensate washes
oil and grease from the parts. The contaminated condensate drains back into
the heated tank from which it can be revaporized. When necessary, dirty parts
are hand sprayed with hot solvent by means of a flexible hose and spray pump
to aid in cleaning.
Emissions
Solvent emissions from vapor degreasing occur primarily during loading
and unloading of the degreaser. Some solvent escapes from the vapor
zone during idling conditions. Daily emissions of a single spray
4.01-8 26200-795
-------
degreasing booth may vary from a few pounds to 1300 pounds per day. A typical
metal cleaning operation using a vapor degreaser can clean 200,000 Ibs of metal
in one day. The table below presents controlled and uncontrolled hydrocarbon
emissions from degreasing operations.
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM DEGREASING OPERATIONS
Type of
Operation & Control % Control
Degreasing, Uncontrolled 0
Degreasing, Refrigerated
Cooling Coils 30-60
Degreasing, Use of
Covers 25-40
Degreasing, Carbon
Adsorption 40-70
Metal
Ibs/ton
1.5
1.0-0.6
1.1-0.9
0.9-0.5
Cleaned
kg/m ton
0.75
0.5-0.3
0.5-0.05
0.5-0.3
Based on 200,000 Ibs of
Metal Cleaned/Day
Ibs/hr
6.3
4.2-2.5
4.6-3.8
3.8-2.1
kg/hr
2.8
1.9-1.1
2.1-1.7
1.7-1.0
Source: Ref. 1
Many types of halogenated hydrocarbons are used in various degreasing
operations. Profiles 4-01-002A through F characterize many of these solvent
emissions (Ref. 2,3).
2 3
Profile Basis '
Profiles 4-01-002A through F are based on an engineering inspection
of the degreasing solvent formulations. The VOC's being emitted are a direct
function of the degreasing solvent's formulation.
Data Qualification
Reference 1 should be consulted for additional information on the
development and limitations when using the above mentioned emission factors
Profiles 4-01-002A through F may be used to characterize the VOC emis-
sions from various degreasing operations. Profile selection should be based
on the degreasing solvent formulation specified for each profile.
4-01-9 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-01-002A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING, TRICHLDROETHANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OOB9
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4382O
1.2-TRICHLOROETHANE
TOTAL
131. 66
1OO. OO
100. 00
10O.OO
100.00
NON-REACTIVE
O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
"COMPOUND COMPOSITE
131.
00
OO
OO
00
00
00
66
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
. 00
.00
100. 00
.00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
10O. OO
131. 66
100. 00
1OO. OO
NOTES. A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-01-002-02
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
cr>
to
O
o
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-01-O02B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING. DICHLOROMETHANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O275
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
SAROAD
CODE
438O2
CHEMICAL
NAME
DICHLOROMETHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
84. 94
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. OO
1OO. 00
PERCENT
VOLUME
1OO. OO
10O. 00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3 MISCELLANEOUS
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
84.
.
00
00
OO
00
94
OO
OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
10O. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
1OO. OO
. OO
.00
84. 94
1OO. 00
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O1-O02-04
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
CTi
to
O
O
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197B
TABLE 4-01-002C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING. TRICHLOROETHYLENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O271
NONE
o
M
I
I-1
to
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME UEICHT
43824 TRICHLOROETHYLENE 131. 4O
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 131. 4O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 131.40
PERCENT
WEIGHT
100.00
100. 00
. OO
.00
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
.00
.00
100.00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O1-OO2-O5
PERCENT
VOLUME
100. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
.00
.00
. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
.00
1OO OO
INSPECTION
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
5 MISCELLANEOUS
OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
CT»
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O1-OO2D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING, TOLUENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO9O
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
45202
TOLUENE
TOTAL
92. 13
1OO. OO
100. OO
10O. 00
1OO. 00
AROMATIC
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
. OO
.00
92. 13
. OO
.00
. OO
.OO
.OO
. OO
1OO. OO
.OO
. OO
. 00
.OO
. 00
. 00
1OO. 00
.00
.00
. OO
. OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
92. 13
1OO. OO 1OO. 00
OJ
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O1-OO2-O6 (REFER ALSO TO SUMMARY INDEX)
NJ
CTv
M
O
O
I
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-01-002E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, CLEANING SOLVENT
DECREASING. TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (FREON 11)
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO8B
NONE
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 43811 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE 137.37 1OO.
TOTAL 100.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 137.37 1OO.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 137. 37 1OO.
OO
00
00
00
00
OO
00
00
OO
OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-01-002-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 3 MISCELLANEOUS
100.00
.OO
. OO
. OO
.00
1OO. 00
.00
.00
10O. 00
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O1-OO2F
POINT SOURCE EVAPORAION. SURFACE COATING
DECREASING. TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and-Appli-
cable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC,
EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol I and II, KVB, Inc.,
Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4.01-16 26200-795
-------
4-02 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATIONS, SURFACE COATINGS
4-02-001 PAINTS
003 VARNISH/SHELLAC
004 LACQUER
005 ENAMEL
006 PRIMER
007 ADHESIVE
999 WAX, CITRUS COATING
1 2
Process Description '
Surface coating operations primarily involve the application of
paint, varnish/shellac, lacquer, enamel, or paint primer for surface decora-
tion and/or protection before being marketed. Adhesives as the name implies
involve the application of a bonding agent for the purpose of adhering
materials together. Coating waxes are applied (sprayed) to various citrus
fruits to retard shrivelling, weight loss, and spoilage. A number of basic
industrial coating operations are utilized for this purpose, including
spraying, flowcoating, roller coating, dipping and electro-coating. There
are variations and combinations of these operations, each designed for a
special task. The coatings applied in these operations vary widely as to
composition and physical properties. A brief discussion of each method of
application is presented below. For forther information, consult AP-40
(Ref. 1).
In order to accelerate the drying of the solvents used in the surface
coatings, a drying or baking operation is usually an integral part of the
basic coating process. This drying process is described in Section 4-02-008.
Spraying—In spraying operations, a coating from a supply tank is
forced, usually by compressed air, through a ''gun" which is used to direct
the coating as a spray upon the article to be coated. Many spraying
operations are conducted in a booth or enclosure vented by a fan to protect
the health and safety of the spray gun operator by ensuring that explosive and
toxic concentration levels of solvent vapors do not develop.
4'02~1 26200-795
-------
Flowcoating—In flowcoating operations, a coating is fed through over-
head nozzles so as to flow in a steady stream over the article to be coated,
which is suspended from a conveyor line. Excess paint drains from the article
to a catch basin from which it is recirculated by a pump back to the flow
nozzles. Impinging heated air jets aid in the removal of superfluous
'coating and solvent from the coated article prior to its entering an
oven for baking.
Flowcoating is used on articles which cannot be dipped because of
their buoyancy, such as fuel-oil tanks, gas cylinders, pressure bottles, etc.
Roller Coating—Roller coating machines are similar to printing
presses in principle. The machines usually have three or more power-driven
rollers. One roller runs partially immersed in the coating and transfers
the coating to a second, parallel roller. The strip or sheet to be coated is
run between the second and third roller and is coated by transfer of coating
from the second-roller. The quantity of coating applied to the sheet or strip
is established by the distance between the rollers.
Dipping—Dip tanks are simple vessels which contain a working supply
of coating material. They usually are equipped with a close-off lid and a
drainage reservoir, which are activated in case of fire. The object to be
coated is immersed in the coating material long enough to be coated com-
pletely and then removed from the tank. Provision is made to drain the
excess coating from the object back to the tank, either by suspending the
work over the tank or by using drain boards that return the paint to the
dip tank.
Electro-coating—Electrocoating, a variation of the ordinary dip tank
process of coating, is the electrodeposition of resinous materials on surfaces.
This operation is accomplished in water solutions, suspensions, or dispersions.
In the electrocoating process, the object being coated'is the anode and the
tank containing the dilute solution, suspension or dispersion of film-forming
materials usually is the cathode.
4.02-2 2Q200-795
-------
Emissions
Spraying—Paint Spray Booths, Citrus Coating Wax—The discharge
from a paint spray booth consists of particulate matter and organic solvent
vapors. The organic solvent vapors are from the organic solvent, diluent,
or thinner which is used with the coating and they evaporate from coating
suspended in the airstream, from the target of the spraying, or from the inside
surfaces of the booth and its accessories. The choice of the spraying method,
air atomization, electrostatic, or other, is a factor in determining the
amount of overspray which is the amount of sprayed coating which misses the
article being coated.
Solvent concentrations in spray booth effluents generally range from
100 to 200 ppm. Solvent emissions from the spray booth stacks vary widely
with extent of operation, from less than 1 to over 3,000 pounds per day.
VOC emission rates can be estimated based on the fact that although
organic solvents have different evaporation rates, VOC emissions by flash-off
can be estimated at various times during the spraying operation from the
specific composite chemical composition. Details of this method are contained
in AP-40 (Ref. 1).
Flowcoating, Roller Coating, Dipping and Electrocoating---Air pollu-
tants from flowcoating, roller coating, dipping and electrocoating exist
only in the form of organic solvent vapors since no particulate matter is
formed. Solvent emission rates from these operations may 'also be estimated by
the methods mentioned in AP-40 for surface coating operations (Ref. 1).
VOC Specie Emissions, Surface Coatings—The VOC specie emissions per
application method as previously mentioned, are derived from the organic
solvent, diluent, or thinner used with the coating. Presented below is
an itemized list of surface coating profiles and their respective surface
coating applications:
Profile 4-02-001 A through D: Paints
. Profile 4-02-003 A through E: Varnish/Shellac
Profile 4-02-004 A through F: Lacquer
Profile 4-02-005 A through E: Enamel
. Profile 4-02-006 A through K: Primer
. Profile 4-02-007 A through E: Adhesive
Profile 4-02-999 A through C: Citrus Coating Wax
4<02~3 26200-795
-------
123
Controls ' '
Organic solvents used in coatings and thinners are not controllable
by filters, baffles, or water curtains. Solvent vapors can be controlled or
recovered by the application of condensation, compression, absorption,
adsorption, or combustion principles, when necessary for either economic
or regulatory requirements.
Control efficiencies of 90% or greater are possible by adsorption
using activated carbon, provided particulates are removed from the contamina-
ted airstream by filtration before the airstream enters the carbon bed.
Incineration is necessitated when an organic vapor is determined to be photo-
chemically reactive and solvent recovery is not desired.
Process Modification
Appropriate substitutes for organic solvent-borne coatings exist in the
increasingly popular water-borne coatings. Generally known as water-based
paints or latexes, they have lower organic solvent content than the high organic
solvent coatings. In the case of citrus wax coatings, one manufacturer
reported that by increasing the solids content of the coating solvent a
reduction in total organic emissions was achieved.
Profile Basis
A majority of the above mentioned profiles are based on an engineering
evaluation of questionnaires sent out to respective surface coaters in the
Los Angeles area. Those based on test data involved the use of gas collecting
bottles plus NIOSH type charcoal tubes. The particular method employed in
developing the surface coating profile is so stated in the reference informa-
tion at the bottom of each profile.
Data Qualification
AP-40 should be consulted for the application and limitations involved
when evaluating emission factors for surface coating operations. The above
mentioned profiles may be used to characterize the VOC emissions from the
specified surface coatings as identified on each profile data table.
4.02-4 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-001A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PAINT, POLYMERIC (HOT AIR DRIED)
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O125
NONE
o
M
I
LINE SAROA0 CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE 1O6. 16
3 43202 TOLUENE -72. 13
3 43331 ACETONE 38. OB
4 43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 72. 1O
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 95. 78
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 63. 78
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . 00
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 86. O3
PERCENT
WEIGHT
22. 30
33. 1O
12. 2O
1O. 4O
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
77. 40
22. 6O
. 00
. 00
. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: PAPERBOARD MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO1-O1
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
18. O7 3 AROMATIC
31.46 3 AROMATIC
18. O7 4 CARBQNYL
12. 39 4 CARBONYL
99. 99
. OO
. OO
69. 53
3O. 46
. OO
.00
. 00
99. 99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRI
O
O
ID
01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OOlB
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PAINT SOLVENT. ACETONE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O219
NONE
O
to
I
cn
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43531 ACETONE 38. O8
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . 00
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 58. O8
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 58. O8
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. OO
1OO. 00
. 00
.OO
. OO
1OO. OO
.OO
.OO
OO
10O. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO1-02 (REFER ALSO
PERCENT
VOLUME
1OO. OO
100. 00
. OO
.00
.00
1OO. 00
.00
.00
.00
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4 CARBONYL
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT INFORMATION
TO SUMMARY INDEX)
to
0>
to
O
O
I
(J\
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO1C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PAINT SOLVENT, ETHYL ACETATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O22O
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43433
ETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
88. 10
10O. 00
100. 00
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
MISCELLANEOUS
o
NJ
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.
.
88.
-
OO
OO
OO
00
10
OO
00
.00
. 00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
. OO
. OO
88. 10
1OO. 00
1OO. OO
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO1-O3 (REFER ALSO TO SUMMARY INDEX)
cn
ro
o
o
i
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-O01D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PAINT SOLVENT, METHYL ETHYL KETONE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O221
NONE
O
KJ
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
435S2 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 72. 1O
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 72. 1O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 - OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 72. 1O
PERCENT
WEIGHT
100.00
100.00
. OO
.00
. OO
10O. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING ^DGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO1-O4 (REFER ALSO
PERCENT
VOLUME
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
>••
8
8888888
100. oo
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4 CARBONYL
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
TO SUMMARY INDEX)
CTi
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-003A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
VARNISH/SHELLAC, GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY 0127
o
to
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43331 ACETONE 38. OB
2 43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 72. 1O
3 43360 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 1OO. 16
4 43367 GLYCOL ETHER 62. O7
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 68. SO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 62. 07
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 68. 58
PERCENT
WEIGHT
38. 7O
41. 60
16. 70
3. 00
100. 00
. 00
00
. 00
97. 00
3. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF.
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO3-01
3)
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
43. 68 4 CARBONYL
39. 37 4 CARBONYL
11.43 4 CARBONYL
3. 29 5 MISCELLANEOUS
99. 99
.OO
. 00
. 00
96. 70
3. 29
. 00
. OO
99. 99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
to
en
to
o
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO3B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
VARNISH/SHELLAC. VARNISH RESIN
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O132
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
SAROAD
CODE
43331
43310
434 3O
CHEMICAL
NAME
ACETONE
METHYL CELLOSOLVE
D I METHYLFORMAM I DE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
38.
76.
73.
OS
11
O9
PERCENT
WEIGHT
4O.
30.
3O.
1OO.
OO
OO
OO
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
46.
26.
27.
1OO.
12
37
31
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
4
3
3
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~3~COHPOUND COMPOSITE
. OO
.00
.OO
58. OS
74. 57
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
40. OO
60. OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
46. 12
53.88
.OO
.OO
66.96
100 OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO3-O1
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
10
O
O
<£>
U»
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO3C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
VARNISH/SHELLAC. LXH-221 AIR CONVERTING VARNISH
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0278
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
a
3
4
S
ft
43233
431O2
432O2
43303
43435
43444
CHEMICAL
NAME
N-OCTANE
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
TOLUENE
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
N-BUTYL ACETATE
ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 23
1O6, 16
92. 13
74. 12
116. 16
1O4. OO
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. BO
2. 3O
33. 30
21. OO
3. 2O
36. 2O
too. oo
PERCENT
VOLUME
1.48
2. O3
35. 38
26. 16
2. 39
32. 16
100. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
3
3
3
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
£>
O
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
92.
91.
-
23
OO
89
OO
68
00
OO
1.
37.
6O.
BO
OO
80
OO
4O
OO
OO
1.
.
37.
.
60.
.
48
00
61
00
91
00
00
92.47
10O. OO
100.00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO3-O1
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
txJ
cn
so
o
o
<£>
tn
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-003D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING, COMPOSITE
VARNISH/SHELLAC. A. BROWN CO. , BROLITE. MIL-V-173B. TT-V-109B
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O133
NONE
o
to
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43202 TOLUENE 72.
3 43433 ETHYL ACETATE 88.
3 43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE 116.
4 43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE 104.
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 92.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 112.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 107.
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER
13
10
16
OO
00
00
13
OO
32
00
00
61
PERCENT
WEIGHT
20. OO
6. 3O
67. 6O
6. 1O
100. 00
. OO
. 00
20. 00
. 00
80. 00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
23. 33 3 AROMATIC
7. 74 3 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 38 3 MISCELLANEOUS
6. 34 3 MISCELLANEOUS
99. 99
.00
. OO
23. 33
. OO
76. 66
. OO
. OO
99. 99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-003-01
o
o
i
-------
DECODER 14, 1970
TABLE 4-Q2-QO3E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
VARNISH/SHELLAC SOLVENT, XYLENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O223
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
45102
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
TOTAL
1O6. 16
1OO OO
1OO. OO
100.00
1OO. OO
AROMATIC
o
10
I
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
106.
OO
00
16
OO
OO
00
OO
. OO
.OO
100. 00
. OO
.00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
100.00
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
106. 16
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES; A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO3-O5, 4-02-OO9-24
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
o
o
1
•~J
UP
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO4A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
LACQUER. PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS AND CONTAINERS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O149
NONE
o
NJ
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43202 TOLUENE
433S2 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
433 1 1 CELLOSOL VE
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 00
92. 13
72. 1O
9O. 12
88. 1O
114. OO
. OO
92. 13
72. 10
89. O7
. OO
. OO
90. 57
PERCENT
WEIGHT
21. 4O
9. 4O
14. 2O
26. 6O
28. 40
100. OO
21 40
. OO
9. 40
14. 2O
55. OO
. OO
. OO
100. 00
PERCENT
VOLUME
17. OS
9. 24
17. 84
26. 72
29. 17
1OO. OO
17.03
. OO
9. 24
17. 84
55. 89
. OO
. OO
100.00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
4 CARBONYL
5 MISCELLANEOUS
5 MISCELLANEOUS
NOTES: A. h£THOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PRESSURE SENSITIVE LABEL MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-004-01.-99
NJ
o
o
i
-j
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4--02-OO4B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
LACQUER, METAL FURNITURE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O148
NONE
o
to
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
451 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
45202 TOLUENE
43264 CYCLOHEXANONE
43551 ACETONE
43552 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43445 METHYL AMYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. OO
1O6. 16
92. 13
98. 15
58. 08
72. 1O
60. 09
140. 00
1 114. OO
2 . OO
3 97. 42
4 70. 29
5 68. 40
6 . 00
7 . 00
81. 51
PERCENT
WEIGHT
25. OO
7. OO
1O. 00
8. OO
13. OO
18. OO
15. OO
4. OO
100. 00
25. 00
. 00
17. 00
39. 00
19. 00
. 00
. 00
100. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
17. 82
5. 37
8. 87
6. 67
18. 23
2O. 34
2O. 34
2. 36
1OO. OO
17. 82
. 00
14. 24
45. 24
22. 70
. 00
. 00
100. OO
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
4 CARBONYL
4 CARBONYL
4 CARBONYL
5 MISCELLANEOUS
5 MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
B. REFERENCES: METAL FURNITURE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O2-004-01, -99
to
O
O
I
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO4C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
LACQUER. LXB-472-E SEMIGLOSS TOP COAT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O147
NONE
O
M
I
M
CTi
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43233 N-OCTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
43202 TOLUENE
43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O3 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43308 BUTYL CELLOSOLVE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
9 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 00
114. 23
84. 16
92. 13
72. 1O
60. O9
74. 12
1O2. OO
116. 16
1 100.88
2 .00
3 92. 13
4 72. 1O
5 91. 59
6 . 00
7 . OO
89.09
PERCENT
WEIGHT
6. 40
4. 6O
6. 40
13. 9O
16. 6O
11. 70
4. OO
5. 6O
30. SO
1OO. 00
17. 4O
. 00
13. 90
16. 6O
52. 10
. 00
. 00
100. 00
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
4. 99
3. 37
6. 77
13. 46
2O. 30
17. 38
4. 81
4. 9O
23. 62
1OO. OO
15.33
.00
13.46
20. 50
50.71
.00
.00
1OO. 00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
3
4
3
3
3
3
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: MOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O2-OO4-O1.-99
NJ
O
O
I
^J
<£>
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-004D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
LACQUER. AIRCRAFT COATING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O135
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
43118
431Q1
MINERAL
NAPHTHA
CHEMICAL
NAME
SPIRITS
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
114.
00
OO
PERCENT
HEIGHT
SO
2O.
1OO.
OO
00
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
SO.
19.
too.
OS
95
OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
o
NJ
I
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
2 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
114.
.
.
114.
00
OO
00
OO
OO
00
OO
00
BO.
2O.
1OO.
OO
OO
00
00
OO
00
00
OO
80.
19.
•
1OO.
OS
OO
95
00
OO
OO
00
00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO4-O1.-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
O
O
I
en
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-004E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
LACQUER, AIRCRAFT PARTS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O146
NONE
lp>
o
1
H1
CD
tO
O
o
LINE
NO.
1
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
IS
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43101 NAPHTHA
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
43331 ACETONE
43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
43S6O METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
433O1 METHYL ALCOHOL
43302 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O3 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43367 GLYCOL ETHER
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
15 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. OO
114. OO
1O6. 16
92. 13
38. OS
72. 1O
1OO. 16
32. O4
46. O7
60. O9
74. 12
62. O7
88. 1O
116. 16
1O4. OO
1 114. OO
2 . OO
3 10O. 84
4 68. 61
5 84. 13
6 .00
7 . 00
82. 57
PERCENT
WEIGHT
10. 7O
1. OO
4. BO
3. SO
11. 2O
12. OO
4. 6O
1. 6O
1. 2O
4. 3O
6. SO
3. 4O
2. 6O
27. 3O
2. 6O
100. OO
10. 70
.OO
9. 60
27.80
51. 90
.00
. 00
10O. 00
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
7. 76
. 74
3. 71
3. 38
IS. 92
13. 70
3. SO
4. 13
2. 13
6. 19
7.26
7. 18
2. 48
19. 33
2. O6
1OO. 01
7. 76
. OO
7.83
33. 42
51.00
.OO
. 00
1OO. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
3
S
3
5
S
5
3
5
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O2-OO4-01,
4-02-OO6-99
ID
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO4F
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
LACQUER, PLASTIC COATINC
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 015O
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
SAROAD
CODE
432O2
43331
43305
433 1O
TOLUENE
ACETONE
N-BUTYL
METHYL
CHEMICAL
NAME
ALCOHOL
CELLOSOLVE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
92.
58.
74.
76.
13
OB
12
11
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2O.
18.
32.
28.
100.
4O
7O
40
5O
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
16.
23.
32.
27.
1OO.
31
76
23
68
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3
4
3
3
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
O
to
I
M
VO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
92.
58.
75.
OO
00
13
08
04
OO
00
20.
18.
60.
OO
00
4O
7O
90
OO
OO
.
16.
23.
59.
-
OO
00
31
76
93
00
OO
73. 80
100. 00
10O. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PLASTIC MOLDING AND METALIZING MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO4-01, -99
to
cr>
to
o
o
i
-o
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO5A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ENAMEL, GENERAL COMPOSITE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O156
NONE
o
10
l
NJ
O
to
CT>
N)
O
o
I
-o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
49102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
49202 TOLUENE
43331 ACETONE
43392 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
4396O METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
433O1 METHYL ALCOHOL
43302 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O9 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
7 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
13 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT
114. OO
1O6. 16
92. 13
98. 08
72. 10
10O. 16
32. 04
46. O7
60. 09
74. 12
88. 1O
116. 16
1O4. OO
114. OO
.OO
99.43
68. 75
7O. 37
.00
.00
97. 18
WEIGHT
67. 60
4. OO
3. 2O
6. 3O
6. BO
2. 7O
. 70
. 9O
1. 9O
2. BO
. 3O
2. 9O
. 3O
1OO. OO
67.60
. OO
7. 2O
15. 8O
9. 4O
. OO
.OO
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST
DATA (REF.
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO5-01,
3)
-99
PERCENT
VOLUME
37. 37
3. 69
3. 40
10. 38
9. 13
2. 62
2. 14
1.07
3. 11
3. 69
. 29
2. 43
. 29
1OO. Ol
57. 57
.OO
7. O9
22. 33
13. O2
.OO
.OO
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
4
4
4
3
5
3
5
3
5
5
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO5B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
ENAMEL, POLYESTER, MODIFIED ACRYLIC
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O159
NONE
o
to
I
NJ
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 431O1 NAPHTHA 114. OO
2 432O2 TOLUENE 92. 13
3 43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 72. 10
4 43308 BUTYL CELLOSOLVE 1O2. OO
3 43446 ISOBUTYL ACETATE 116. 16
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 1O6. 94
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 72. 1O
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 1O6. 17
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 92. 23
12. 40
4. SO
32. 2O
34. 3O
16. 30
100. OO
.OO
. 00
17.20
32. 2O
5O. 60
.00
. OO
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: SHEETMETAL FABRICATOR
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO5-01.
-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1O. O6 3 AROMATIC
4. 80 3 AROMATIC
41.24 4 CARBONYL
31. OO 3 MISCELLANEOUS
12. 92 3 MISCELLANEOUS
1OO. O2
. 00
.00
14. 86
41. 24
43. 92
. OO
.00
10O. 02
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF INDUSTRY QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
to
en
to
o
o
i
^j
VD
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OOSC
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ENAMEL. COMPOSITE FOR WOOD FURNITURE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O157
NONE
o
to
to
to
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43233 N-OCTANE
43248 CYCLOHEXANE
432O2 TOLUENE
43332 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43432 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
43823 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. OO
114. 23
84. 16
92. 13
72. 1O
116. 16
132. 00
12O. 91
99. 35
. OO
92. 13
72. 10
120. 58
.00
.00
94.81
PERCENT
WEIGHT
13. 2O
3. 3O
13. 2O
12. 3O
24. 7O
12. 4O
3. OO
13. 9O
1OO. 00
31. 7O
. OO
12. 30
24. 7O
31. 3O
. OO
. OO
100. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: WOOD FURNITURE
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
MANUFACTURER
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1O. 98 1 PARAFFIN
4. 36 1 PARAFFIN
14. 87 1 PARAFFIN
12. 69 3 AROMATIC
32. 48 4 CARBONYL
1O. 13 3 MISCELLANEOUS
3. 6O 3 MISCELLANEOUS
1O. 89 3 MISCELLANEOUS
1OO. OO
30.21
.00
12.69
32. 48
24. 62
. OO
. OO
1OO. 00
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
4-02-005-01. -99
to
O
o
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO5D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
ENAMEL, AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY 0164
LINE
NO.
1
3
3
SAROAD
CODE
43433
43433
43444
CHEMICAL
NAME
ETHYL ACETATE
N-BUTYL ACETATE
ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
BB 1O
116. 16
1O4. OO
PERCENT
HEIGHT
7. tO
84. 3O
7. 6O
100. 00
PERCENT
VOLUME
1O. 11
Bl. 69
8. 2O
100. 00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3
3
5
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
NJ
U)
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~3~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
112.
00
00
OO
00
33
00
OO
. 00
00
00
. OO
10O. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
. OO
1OO. OO
.00
. 00
112. 33
100. 00 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-O05-01,-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
K)
O
O
I
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-005E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ENAMEL, CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0222
NONE
o
to
I
to
LINE SAROAD
NO CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
1 43452 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
0
O
O
0
1
O
O
1
NOTES: A
B
C
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
COMPOUND COMPOSITE
METHOD:
CALCULATIONS FROM
REFERENCES
APPLICABLE
: ENGINEERING
SCC CATEGORIES
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
132.
1
2
3
4
5 132.
6
7
132.
COMPOSITE
JUDGEMENT
OO
00
00
OO
00
OO
OO
OO
OO
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. OO
100. OO
.00
00
. OO
00
100. 00
. OO
. 00
10O. OO
SURVEY DATA
: 4-02-O05-02,
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 5 MISCELLANEOUS
1OO. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
4-02-OO9-O7
tO
en
to
o
o
i
~j
<£>
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-006A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PRIMER. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O134
NONE
o
to
I
to
Ul
to
en
o
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
13
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
431 Ol NAPHTHA
431 O2 1SOMERS OF XYLENE
43202 TOLUENE
43351 ACETONE
43392 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
4336O METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
433O1 METHYL ALCOHOL
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
433O3 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43367 CLYCOL ETHER
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
15 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT
114. OO
114. 00
1O6. 16
92. 13
38. O8
72. 1O
1OO. 16
32.04
46. O7
6O. O9
74. 12
62. O7
88. 1O
116. 16
1O4. OO
1 114. OO
2 .00
3 100. 81
4 68. 86
5 72. 18
6 . OO
7 . OO
86. 93
WEIGHT
41.00
1. OO
4. 90
3. 9O
7. 1O
7. 70
3. 1O
1. OO
8O
2. 8O
4. 00
11. 3O
. 9O
9. SO
. BO
100. OO
41.00
. OO
9. 80
17. 90
31. 30
. OO
. OO
10O. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
31. 28
. 78
4. OO
3. 63
10. 60
9. 30
2. 69
2. 69
1. 48
4. OS
4. 69
16. O7
. 87
7. 12
. 7O
1OO. OO
31. 28
.00
8. 43
22. 59
37. 70
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-02-OO6-01,
-99
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO6B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER. PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS AND CONTAINERS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O137
NONE
O
to
I
M
CTi
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
CHEMICAL
NAME
A*5O*St M HfTV AMC1
*VwK*3A 11 1 ICAfWC
432O2
43351
43119
433O1
43311
43433
1
O
1
1
4
O
O
7
TOLUENE
ACETONE
LACTOL
METHYL
SPIRITS
ALCOHOL
CELLOSOLVE
ETHYL ACETATE
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
COMPOUNDS OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION i
CLASSIFICATION 2
CLASSIFICATION 3
CLASSIFICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION 5
CLASSIFICATION 6
CLASSIFICATION 7
COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
92.
58.
114.
32.
9O.
88.
86.
92.
58.
69.
•
78.
17
13
08
OO
04
12
1O
17
00
13
OS
58
00
00
78
PERCENT
WEIGHT
62.
5.
8.
8.
4.
3.
3.
1OO.
62.
5.
8.
23.
100.
70
20
4O
OO
7O
6O
4O
OO
70
OO
2O
4O
7O
00
00
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
37.
4.
11.
3.
11.
4.
4.
100.
57.
4.
11.
26.
10O.
37
41
43
32
38
89
81
Ol
37
OO
41
43
80
OO
OO
Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
4 CARBONYL
3 MISCELLANEOUS
3 MISCELLANEOUS
3 MISCELLANEOUS
3 MISCELLANEOUS
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PRESSURE SENSITIVE LABEL MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO6-01
o
o
i
171
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO6C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER. METAL FURNITURE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O136
NONE
to
-J
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431 IB MINERAL SPIRITS
43233 N-OCTANE
4324S CYCLOHEXANE
432O2 TOLUENE
43932 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43303 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
9 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
114.
84.
92.
72.
60.
74.
116.
1O4.
1 97.
2
3 92.
4 72.
5 88.
6
7
86.
COMPOSITE
OO
23
16
13
10
O9
12
16
OO
43
OO
13
10
55
00
OO
03
PERCENT
WEIGHT
9.
9.
14.
23.
9.
4.
11.
16.
1OO.
20.
14.
23.
41.
1OO.
7O
80
7O
80
4O
2O
30
4O
7O
OO
20
OO
8O
40
6O
OO
00
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
7.
9.
13.
27.
13.
4.
B.
13.
1OO.
17.
.
13.
27.
40.
•
1OO.
31 1
6O 1
89 1
84 3
94 4
16 3
99 3
43 3
84 3
OO
80
OO
84
94
42
00
OO
OO
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
B. REFERENCES: METAL FURNITURE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-02-OO6-01
M
O
O
-J
VO
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO6D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, RED OXIDE SHOP COAT, KOPPER P-470-A-66
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O331
LINE
NO.
I
3
SAROAD
CODE
43118
45103
MINERAL
ISOMERS
CHEMICAL
NAME
SPIRITS
OF XYLENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
1O6.
OO
16
PERCENT
WEIGHT
93.
6.
10O.
2O
8O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
92.
7.
10O.
74
26
OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
o
to
to
03
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~2~~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114. OO
. OO
106. 16
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
93. 2O
. 00
6. 80
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
92. 74
. OO
7. 26
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
113. 43
100. 00 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: SHEETMETAL FABRICATOR
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-006-01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
to
en
to
o
o
10
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO6E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, MATER BASED AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SPRAY BOOTH
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 028O
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
PERCENT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
3
452O2
43391
492O1
TOLUENE
ACETONE
BENZENE
TOTAL
92.
98.
78.
13
08
11
8.
68.
22.
100.
7O
9O
4O
00
6.
79.
18.
1OO.
00
69
32
01
3
4
7
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
NON-REACTIVE
o
to
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
3 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.00
. OO
92. 13
58.08
.00
. OO
78. 11
63. 79
. OO
. OO
8.70
68.90
. 00
.00
22. 4O
10O OO
.OO
. 00
6. OO
75. 69
.00
.00
18.32
100.01
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO6-O1
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH AT STACK MIDPOINT
NJ
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO6F
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, BLACK HOPPERS A-1131-66
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0281
NONE
o
to
1
U)
o
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS 114.00
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 114.00
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . 00
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 114. OO
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. 00
10O. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
.OO
. OO
. 00
100. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: SHEETMETAL FABRICATOR
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-006-O1
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 1 PARAFFIN
1OO OO
100. OO
. 00
. OO
.00
.00
.00
. OO
100. OO
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
to
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-006G
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, NAPHTHA
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0282
NONE
LINE SARDAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
45101
NAPHTHA
TOTAL
114. 00
100. 00
100. 00
1OO. 00
100. OO
AROMATIC
o
K)
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
OO
00
00
00
00
00
00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
00
00
00
00
.00
. 00
1OO. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
114. 00
100. OO
1OO. 00
NOTES:
A.
B.
C.
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO6-02 (REFER ALSO TO SUMMARY INDEX)
CTl
NJ
O
O
I
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-006H
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, MINERAL SPIRITS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O2B3
NONE
o
NJ
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 43118 MINERAL SPIRITS 114.
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 114.
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 114.
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
OO 100.
100.
OO 1OO.
OO
OO
OO
00
OO
00
00 1OO.
OO
00
OO
00
00
©0
00
00
00
00
SURVEY DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-006-04 (REFER
ALSO
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
10O. OO 1 PARAFFIN
1OO. OO
1OO. 00
. OO
.00
. 00
. 00
.00
.00
1OO. 00
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
TO SUMMARY INDEX)
NJ
cn
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-O06J
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER. MINERAL SPIRITS. SPECIATION
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O225
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
SAROAD
CODE
431 07
43108
431O9
43110
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
CHEMICAL
NAME
OF OCTANE
OF NONANE
OF DECANE
OF UNDECANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
156. 30
PERCENT
WEIGHT
. 8O
27. 3O
69. 3O
2. 6O
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 97
29. 42
67. 27
2. 35
100. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
o
to
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
138.
.
21
00
00
OO
00
00
00
100. 00
. 00
.00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
100. 01
.00
. OO
. 00
. 00
OO
. 00
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
138. 21
100. OO 1OO. 01
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-O06-O4
D. See Appendix I-f
INSPECTION OF CHEMICAL FORMULATION
K)
O
O
I
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-006K
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
PRIMER, SHELL. M-75
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O284
NONE
rf^
o
i
U)
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS 114. OO
491O1 NAPHTHA 114. OO
432O2 TOLUENE 72. 13
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 114. OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 1O1. 2O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
3 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 112.81
PERCENT
WEIGHT
91. 7O
3. 9O
4. 4O
100. OO
91. 7O
.OO
8 3O
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
100. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: SHEETMETAL FABRICATOR
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-O06-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
9O. 74 1 PARAFFIN
3. 84 3 AROMATIC
5. 42 3 AROMATIC
1OO OO
9O. 74
.OO
9.26
.OO
.00
.00
.OO
100. OO
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
to
a\
to
o
o
i
•^j
VD
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO7A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVES, LABEL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O141
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
SAROAD
CODE
49102
43202
43331
43332
CHEMICAL
NAME
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
TOLUENE
ACETONE
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
1O6. 16
92. 13
36. 08
72. 1O
PERCENT
WEIGHT
22. OO
34. OO
13. OO
11. OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
17.69
3O. O9
19. 13
13. O8
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3
3
4
4
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
J^
o
LO
Ul
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
T~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.00
.OO
95. 79
63. 77
.00
.00
.00
.OO
.00
76.00
24. OO
. OO
. OO
.OO
.OO
. OO
67.78
32.23
.00
. OO
.OO
85. 47
1OO. OO 1OO. Ol
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PRESSURE SENSITIVE LABEL MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO7-O1
to
cn
to
o
o
i
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO7B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVE, METAL FURNITURE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O142
NONE
O
to
I
LINE SAROAD
NO CODE
1 431 18 MINERAL
2 45202 TOLUENE
3 43551 ACETONE
1
O
1
1
O
O
O
3
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
CHEMICAL
NAME
SPIRITS
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. 00
92. 13
58. OS
114. OO
. OO
92. 13
58. OS
. OO
. OO
. OO
85.31
PERCENT
WEIGHT
50. OO
20. OO
3O. OO
100. 00
SO. OO
. OO
2O. 00
3O. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
37. 43 1 PARAFFIN
18. 5O 3 AROMATIC
44. 08 4 CARBONYL
1OO. 01
37. 43
. 00
18. SO
44. 08
. OO
. OO
. OO
1OO. 01
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: CUSHION SPRING MANUFACTURER FOR FURNITURE AND BEDDING
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO7-01
NJ
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO7C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVE, AUTOMOTIVE VINYL TOP SPRAY BOOTH
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0285
NONE
o
to
I
U)
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
MEIGHT WEIGHT
1 43231 N-HEXANE
2 43303 TOLUENE
3 43331 ACETONE
4 43433 ETHYL ACETATE
5 45201 BENZENE
1
O
1
1
1
0
1
5
MOTES: A.
B.
C.
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
86.
92.
38.
88.
78.
17
13
08
1O
11
14.
14.
12.
24.
34.
100.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COMPOUND COMPOSITE
METHOD:
CALCULATIONS FROM
REFERENCES
APPLICABLE
86.
92.
58.
88.
78.
79.
COMPOSITE
: KVB TEST DATA
SCC CATEGORIES
(REF. 3)
17
00
13
08
10
00
11
14.
14.
12.
24.
34.
69 100.
SURVEY
30
3O
3O
3O
40
OO
50
OO
30
50
30
00
4O
OO
DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
13.
12.
17.
22.
33.
1OO.
13.
12.
17.
22.
35.
1OO.
40 1 PARAFFIN
36 3 AROMATIC
13 4 CARBONYL
Ol 5 MISCELLANEOUS
O9 7 NON-REACTIVE
01
40
00
36
15
Ol
OO
O9
Ol
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
: 4-O2-OO7-O1
to
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 197S
TABLE 4-02-007D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVES, FOSTER BOND SEAL NO. 107
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0145
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
43817
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
TOTAL
165. 83
10O.OO
100. 00
100. OO
1OO. OO
MISCELLANEOUS
*>
o
1
U)
CD
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~T~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
165.
00
00
00
00
83
00
00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
100. 00
. OO
. 00
165. 83
100. 00 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES. 4-02-007-01,-99
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
to
cn
KJ
o
o
i
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO7E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
ADHESIVE. BENZENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY 0287
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
45201
BENZENE
TOTAL
78. 11
100. OO
100. 00
1OO. 00
100. 00
NON-REACTIVE
o
to
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
78.
00
00
00
00
00
OO
11
00
00
OO
00
00
00
100. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
10O. 00
78. 11
100. 00
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-O07-04
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
CT>
to
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-999A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATINC
CITRUS COATING WAX. BROGDEX 5O2
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: I
CONTROL DEVICE. NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O293
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
SAROAD
CODE
43231
43248
43102
492O2
45203
CHEMICAL
NAME
N-HEXANE
CYCLOHEXANE
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
TOLUENE
ETHYLBENZENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
84.
106.
92.
106.
17
16
16
13
16
PERCENT
WEIGHT
34.
43.
6.
7.
8.
1OO.
OO
1O
60
6O
7O
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
34.
45.
5.
7.
7.
100.
83
13
47
32
23
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
3
3
3
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
o
to
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1F"COMPOUND COMPOSITE
B5. 04
.00
101. 03
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
77. 1O
. OO
22. 9O
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
79.98
. OO
20. 02
.00
. 00
.00
. 00
88. 24
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: CITRUS COATING WAX MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-999-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
CTl
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-999B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
CITRUS COATING WAX. FLAVORSEAL 320-082O
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: I
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O294
NONE
O
to
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 431O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE 1O6. 16 41.
2 431O4 I SCOTERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE 12O. 19 12.
3 431O7 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 12O. 19 2O.
4 491O8 ISOMERS OF PROPYLBENZENE 12O. 19 2.
3 432O2 TOLUENE 92. 13 13.
6 452O3 ETHYLBENZENE 1O6. 16 1O.
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
100.
. OO
OO
108. 25 1OO.
. OO
. 00
.00
. OO
108. 25 100.
6O
20
1O
1O
70
3O
00
00
00
00
OO
00
00
00
00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: CITRUS COATING
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
WAX MANUFACTURER
4-O2-999-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
42. 3B 3 AROMATIC
11.03 3 AROMATIC
18. OS 3 AROMATIC
1. 95 3 AROMATIC
16. 11 3 AROMATIC
1O. 49 3 AROMATIC
1OO. Ol
.OO
. OO
100. Ol
. 00
.OO
. OO
. 00
1OO. 01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
K>
cn
K>
O
o
i
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-999C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
CITRUS COATING WAX. FLAVORSEAL 115-1BOO
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: I
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O293
NONE
o
to
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1 451 02 ISOMERS OF XYLENE 106. 16 32.
2 431O4 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE 12O. 19 7.
3 431O7 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 12O. 19 B.
4 431O8 ISOMERS OF PROPYLBENZENE 12O. 19 1.
3 452O2 TOLUENE 92. 13 39.
6 432O3 ETHYLBENZENE 1O6. 16 7.
7 4S2O1 BENZENE 78. 11 3.
TOTAL 1OO.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 1O2. 12 96.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 78. 11 3.
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 1O1. 15 100.
63 31. O7 3 AROMATIC
33 6. 17 3 AROMATIC
92 7. 49 3 AROMATIC
91 1.62 3 AROMATIC
O7 42. 91 3 AROMATIC
O3 6. 6B 3 AROMATIC
11 4.03 7 NON-REACTIVE
OO 99. 99
OO . OO
OO . OO
89 95. 94
00 .OO
00 . 00
OO .00
11 4. O5
OO 99. 99
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: CITRUS COATING WAX MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-999-99
to
en
IO
O
o
Ui
-------
REFERENCES
1. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40,
May 1973.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4'02-43 26200-795
-------
4-02 POINT. .SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
4-02-008 COATING OVENS
Process Description
Coating ovens involve the process of drying and the process of baking,
curing, or polymerizing coatings. In both processes, heat is used to remove
residual solvents, but in baking, curing or polymerizing, the heat also serves
to produce desired chemical changes in the coating.
Bake ovens are designed for processing on either an intermittent
batch basis, or on a continuous web or conveyor-fed basis. Common methods
of oven heating include:
gas - direct fired
- indirect fired
electric - resistance heaters
- infrared heating
steam - indirect method, and
waste heat discharged from other equipment
For further process information, consult AP-40 (Ref. 1).
Emissions
The air pollutants emitted from a surface coating oven are generally
composed of organic vapors and aerosols. Particulates and the products of
incomplete combustion can pose additional air pollution problems when gas or
oil-fired heating systems are used.
Organic solvent vapors are emitted during the evaporation of the
organic thinners and dilutents contained in the surface coating. The compo-
sition of the organic solvent vapors emitted will differ based on the compo-
sition of the solvents used in the coating material.
Estimating the emission rate of VOC's from an oven involves consideration
of:
1. The quantity and composition of coating material used,
4.02-.44 26200-795
-------
2. method of application
3. factors affecting solvent evaporation prior to oven treatment
(ambient temperature, pressure and humidity, air movement, surface
characteristics of the coating, solvent volatility, time), and
4. reduction by combustion in the oven heating system.
An illustrative example is presented in AP-40 as an aid in estimating
emissions (Ref. 1).
Profiles 4-02-008A through C present the VOC emissions estimated to
be eminating from various coating oven operations (Ref. 2).
Controls
Effluent streams from solvent based surface coating ovens can best
be controlled through the use of afterburner equipment.
The choice between direct flame and catalytic incineration methods
must be based on economic factors and on the requirements of local air pol-
lution control agencies.
Process Modification
Appropriate substitutes for organic solvent borne coatings exist in
the increasingly popular water-borne coatings. Generally known as water-
based paints or latexes, they do have lower organic solvent contents than
the high solvent based coatings.
2
Profile Basis
Profiles 4-02-008A through F are based on field tests conducted at
various coating oven operations. VOC samples were collected by means of
gas collecting bottles and NIOSH charcoal sample tubes. Details of each
test can be found in Reference 2.
Data Qualification
Details of the methods used to estimate VOC emission rates are
presented in AP-40 (Ref. 1).
4.02-45 26200-795
-------
Profiles 4-02-008A through F may be used to characterize the VOC
emissions for the indicated surface coating oven operations as described in
each profile.
4.02-.46 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OOBA
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
COATING OVEN, METAL PARTS. GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL III
CONTROL DEVICE. NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0092
NONE
o
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 43204 PROPANE 44. O9
2 43212 N-BUTANE SB. 12
3 432O3 ETHYLENE 28. O5
4 432O1 METHANE 16. O4
5 432O2 ETHANE 3O. O7
3. 10
23. 40
2. OO
66. 50
5. OO
TOTAL 100. 00
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 56. 05
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 28. 05
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. 04
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 30. 07
26. 50
2. 00
00
00
. OO
66. 50
5. OO
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 20. 59 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES. 4-02-O08-01
DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1. 44 1 PARAFFIN
B. 3O 1 PARAFFIN
1. 46 2 OLEFIN
85. 38 6 METHANE
3. 42 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. 00
9. 74
1. 46
. 00
. 00
. OO
85. 38
3. 42
10O. 00
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF KVB TEST DAT,
to
o
o
i
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-008B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
COATING OVEN, WATER BASED AUTOMOTIVE PRIMER.
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
NATURAL GAS FIRED
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O279
NONE
o
to
l
*"
03
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 432O3 ETHYLENE 28. O3
2 432O2 TOLUENE 92. 13
3 43531 ACETONE SB. OB
4 43201 METHANE 16. O4
5 432O2 ETHANE 3O. O7
6 432O1 BENZENE 78. 11
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 28. O5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 92. 13
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 58. OS
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. 04
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 63. 67
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 28.79
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2. 40
1O. 6O
30. 2O
39. 9O
2. 4O
14. 3O
100.00
.00
2. 4O
10. 6O
3O. 2O
.OO
39. 9O
16. 9O
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO8-O3
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
2. 47 2 OLEFIN
3. 31 3 AROMATIC
14. 96 4 CARBONYL
71. 60 6 METHANE
2. 3O 7 NON-REACTIVE
9. 33 7 NON-REACTIVE
99. 99
.00
2. 47
3.31
14.96
.OO
71. 6O
7. 65
99.99
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH AT STACK MIDPOINT
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO8C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
COATING OVEN, ZINC CHROMATE INFRARED DRYER
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO56
NONE
o
to
to
01
K>
O
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
e
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OOBD
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
COATING OVEN. ADHESIVE. AUTOMOBILE VINYL TOP.
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
NATURAL GAS FIRED
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O286
NONE
o
to
I
01
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
SAROAD
CODE
432O4
43214
492O2
43331
43433
43817
432O1
432O2
CHEMICAL
NAME
PROPANE
ISOBUTANE
TOLUENE
ACETONE
ETHYL ACETATE
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
2 COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION 1
CLASSIFICATION 2
CLASSIFICATION 3
CLASSIFICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION 5
CLASSIFICATION 6
CLASSIFICATION 7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
NOTES:
A.
B.
C.
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.
58
92.
38.
88.
163.
16.
3O.
55.
92.
58.
138.
16.
30.
73.
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
REFERENCES
APPLICABLE
: KVB TEST DATA
SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 2)
O9
12
13
08
1O
83
O4
O7
89
OO
13
08
01
O4
07
50
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.
11.
2.
23.
12.
41.
3.
1.
1OO.
12.
2.
25.
54.
3.
1.
100.
6O
1O
70
4O
4O
9O
BO
1O
OO
7O
00
70
4O
30
SO
10
OO
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.
14.
2.
32.
1O.
18.
17.
2.
100.
16.
2.
32.
28.
17.
2.
1OO.
63
03
13
11
36
39
41
72
OO
68
00
13
11
95
41
72
OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
3
4
3
5
6
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH AT STACK MIDPOINT
4-02-OO8-99
10
v\
NJ
O
O
10
in
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-O08E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
COATING OVEN. ENAMEL GENERAL. GAS FIRED
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O162
NONE
O
to
I
Ul
to
a
o
-0
*£>
Ul
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
1O
11
12
13
14
19
16
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43205 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
452O2 TOLUENE
433O2 FORMALDEHYDE
43331 ACETONE
432O6 ACETYLENE
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43432 METHYL ACETATE
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
432O1 METHANE
TOTAL
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
16 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
44.
38.
72.
42.
56.
70.
92.
3O.
38.
26.
6O.
74.
116.
1O4.
16.
1 110.
2 53.
3 92.
4 32.
5 96.
6 16.
7
62.
COMPOSITE
OO
O9
12
13
O8
10
13
13
03
08
O4
O9
08
16
OO
04
12
11
13
38
26
04
00
51
PERCENT
WEIGHT
23.
2.
2.
2.
3.
7.
3.
29.
12.
9.
100.
26.
5.
2.
3.
52.
9.
100.
BO
30
1O
6O
4O
9O
4O
10
30
6O
3O
OO
1O
60
30
OO
00
80
70
10
90
50
OO
OO
00
SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
14.
3.
1.
2.
1.
6.
7.
2.
13.
7.
33.
100.
15.
6.
1.
7.
34.
35.
100.
13
44
13
3O
56
OO
13
44
88
63
73
31
63
94
3O
06
03
20
69
44
51
13
06
OO
03
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
3
5
3
3
6
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: APPLIANCE MANUFACTURER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-02-O08-99
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-02-OOBF
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
DRYING OVEN. LACQUER. AUTOMOTIVE, GAS FIRED
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O154
NONE
,£.
O
NJ
I
cn
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 43214 ISOBUTANE
4 43231 N-HEXANE
3 43232 N-HEPTANE
6 432O2 TOLUENE
7 43531 ACETONE
S 4S2O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
a COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
72. 15
38. 12
38. 12
86. 17
1OO. 2O
92. 13
58. 08
78. 11
7O. 25
. OO
92. 13
58. 08
. 00
. 00
78. 11
76. 37
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 9O
13. SO
1O. 6O
6. 20
12. BO
31. SO
5. 30
15. 6O
10O. 00
47. 3O
. OO
31. 80
5.30
. 00
. 00
15. 60
1OO. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 2)
4-02-008-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4. 13 1 PARAFFIN
18. 11 1 PARAFFIN
13. 9O 1 PARAFFIN
3. 3O 1 PARAFFIN
9. 78 1 PARAFFIN
26. 36 3 AROMATIC
6. 93 4 CARBONYL
15.28 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. Ol
51. 42
.OO
26. 36
6. 95
.OO
. OO
15. 28
100. 01
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
NJ
cn
to
o
o
i
-------
REFERENCES
1. Danielson, J. A., (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual,"
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
AP-40, May 1973.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4.02-53 26200-795
-------
4-02 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
4-02-009 SOLVENTS
Process Description
As described in AP-40, organic solvents are some of the most common
and widely used products of our society. They are involved in our daily
lives in such activities as making and cleaning the clothes we wear, making
and coating the vehicles we drive, packaging the foods we eat, printing the
materials we read, and finishing the furniture we use.
Emissions
After an organic solvent has served its purpose, its continued
presence in the product is usually undesired and it must be removed. In
so doing, it may be recovered for reuse and recycling. Too often, however,
the solvent is wasted to the atmosphere by natural or forced evaporation.
When architectural coatings are applied with solvents, the solvents must
evaporate into the atmosphere so that the coating can form a film or barrier.
When industrial coatings are applied with solvents, the solvents are dis-
charged into the atmosphere by forced evaporation in ovens. When clothes
are cleaned with solvents, the solvents must be removed, usually by heat,
before the clothes can be worn again.
These organic emissions may represent a substantial portion of all
organic vapors present in a community's atmosphere. A rule of thumb which
has been reasonably close for Los Angeles County indicates that about 1/6
pound of solvent is emitted each day for each person.
Profiles 4-02-009A through K characterize the VOC species being
emitted from various solvents.
Controls
Controls for volatile organic vapors from point sources generally take
the form of thermal or catalytic incinerators, or activated carbon adsorbers.
4.02-54 26200-795
-------
Where large volumes of air are involved, neither control method may prove
feasible. In such instances, it has proven more ecomonical to reformulate
the solvent systems to the extent of making them nonphotochemically reactive
and thereby removing the limitation on the quantity of organic material which
may be emitted. This is especially true in the area of architectural surface
coatings - see Section 9-35-103.
Various problems such as cost considerations, relative solvency,
evaporation rates, compatibilities, and partial solvation of undercoats to
name a few, however, are encountered in this approach.
The degree of control is generally mandated by local air pollution
regulations.
Profile Basis
Profiles 4-02-009A through K are based on an engineering evaluation
of the various solvents used in formulating surface coatings or in the appli-
cation of these coatings for finishing purposes.
Data Qualification
Profiles 4-02-009A through K may be used to characterize the volatile
organic vapors eminating from these solvents as indicated on the different
profiles.
4.02-55 KVB 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO9A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO96
NONE
o
to
i
Ul
to
o
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-03-O09B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT. BUTYL ACETATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O288
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43435
N-BUTYL ACETATE
TOTAL
116. 16
10O. 00
10O. 00
1OO. 00
100. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
I
Ul
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
"COMPOUND COMPOSITE
116.
00
OO
00
00
16
00
00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. OO
100. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
. 00
. 00
10O. 00
. 00
. 00
116. 16
10O. 00
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO9-03
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
cr>
to
o
o
I
~J
VO
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-009C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, BUTYL ALCOHOL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O289
NONE
o
to
I
Ul
00
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
43305 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 74. 12
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 .00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . 00
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 74. 12
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . 00
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 74. 12
PERCENT
WEIGHT
10O. OO
1OO. 00
. OO
. 00
. OO
00
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
10O. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-009-04
PERCENT
VOLUME
1OO. OO
100. 00
.OO
. 00
.00
. 00
10O. OO
.00
. 00
1OO. 00
INSPECTION
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
5 MISCELLANEOUS
OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
cr*
to
o
o
10
01
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-009D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, CELLOSOLVE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0290
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43311
CELLOSOLVE
TOTAL
90. 12
100. OO
10O. OO
1OO. OO
100.00
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
I
(J\
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
"COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.00
. 00
. 00
. 00
9O. 12
. 00
.00
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
.00
1OO. 00
.00
. OO
90. 12
10O. 00 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-009-O6, 4-O5-OO3-O3
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
CF>
to
O
O
vO
(Ji
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO9E
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT. DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O292
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
434 5O
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
TOTAL
73. O9
1OO. OO
100.OO
10O. 00
1OO. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
I
cr>
o
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
T~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
73.
00
00
OO
OO
O9
OO
OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
100. 00
. 00
. 00
00
. 00
.00
.00
100. 00
.00
.00
73. 09
10O. 00 100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES. 4-O2-OO9-O8. 4-O5-OO5-O2
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
NJ
cn
to
o
o
VD
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO9F
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, ETHYL ALCOHOL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O226
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
433O2
ETHYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
46. 07
10O OO
100. 00
1OO.OO
1OO. OO
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
cy>
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
TCOHPOUND COMPOSITE
.
46.
-
00
OO
OO
00
O7
OO
OO
.00
. 00
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
.00
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
.00
1OO. OO
.00
. 00
46. O7
1OO. OO
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-O09-1O, 4-05-OO3-04,
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
4-O5-005-04
o
o
i
-j
vD
tn
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-0096
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT. ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O227
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43304
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
60.09
100. 00
100.00
10O. 00
10O. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
o
NJ
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
. oo
oo
. oo
. 00
60. 09
. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
OO
. 00
100. 00
. 00
oo
. 00
. 00
. 00
. oo
100. OO
.00
.00
60. 09
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-009-12
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
NJ
O
O
I
-J
>£>
in
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O2-OO9H
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT. ISOPROPYL ACETATE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
RVB PROFILE KEY O228
NONE
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
104. 00 100. 00
100. 00
PERCENT
VOLUME
100. OO
1OO. 00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
5 MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
CTi
CO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
.
104.
00
00
OO
00
00
00
00
.00
. OO
. OO
. 00
1OO. OO
. OO
. 00
.00
. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
.00
.00
104. 00
1OO. 00 1OO. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO9-13
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
M
cn
NJ
O
O
-J
&
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-OO9J
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, LACTOL SPIRITS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O229
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43119
LACTOL SPIRITS
TOTAL
114. 00
1OO. 00
100. 00
1OO. OO
100. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
O
ro
cr>
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
T~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
OO
OO
OO
OO
00
00
00
. 00
.00
.00
.00
100. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
.00
.00
1OO. OO
. OO
.00
114. OO
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-02-OO9-15
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
cr>
M
o
o
i
-j
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-02-009K
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. SURFACE COATING
SOLVENT, METHYL ALCOHOL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL. II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O291
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43301
METHYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
32. O4
1OO. OO
100. 00
100. 00
100. 00
MISCELLANEOUS
o
to
cn
Ul
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
32.
00
00
00
00
04
00
00
00
00
. 00
00
100. 00
OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
100. 00
. 00
. OO
32. O4
10O. 00
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O2-OO9-17
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
o
o
I
Ui
-------
REFERENCES
1. Danielson, J. A., (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. Lunche, R. G., et al., "Products Emitting Organic Vapors in Los
Angeles County," Chemical Engineering Progress, Vol. 53, No. 8,
August 1957.
4.02-66 26200-795
-------
4-03 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
4-03-001 FIXED ROOF TANKS—GASOLINE
—CRUDE OIL
—MISC. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
—LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
Process Description
Basically, the petroleum industry consists of three operations:
1. Petroleum production and transportation
2. Petroleum refining
3. Transportation and marketing of finished petroleum
products
All three operations require some basic storage for petroleum liquids, and
these storage tanks, for both the crude and finished products, can be signi-
ficant sources of evaporative emissions.
Four basic tank designs are used for petroleum storage vessels:
fixed roof, floating roof, variable vapor space, and pressurized tanks. For
more detailed descriptions of these tank designs, consult References 1 and 2.
1 4
Emissions and Controls '
There are six sources of emissions from petroleum liquids in storage:
fixed roof breathing losses, fixed roof working losses, floating roof storage
losses, floating roof withdrawal losses, variable vapor space filling losses,
and pressure tank losses (Ref. 4).
Fixed Roof Tanks—Fixed roof breathing losses consist of vapor expelled
from a tank because of the thermal expansion of existing vapors, vapor expan-
sion caused by barometric pressure changes, and/or an increase in the amount of
vapor due to added vaporization in the absence of a liquid-level change.
Fixed roof working losses consist of vapor expelled from a tank as
a result of filling and emptying operations. Filling loss is the result of
vapor displacement by the input of liquid. Emptying loss is the expulsion
of vapors subsequent to product withdrawal, and is attributable to vapor
growth as the newly inhaled air is saturated with hydrocarbons.
4.03-1 26200-705
-------
The method most commonly used to control emissions from fixed roof
tanks is a vapor recovery system that collects emissions from the storage
vessels and converts them to liquid product. Often a natural gas blanket is
introduced to prevent excessive tank breathing. The expulsion of vapors
through a gauge hatch will often consist of the VOC's from the gas blanket.
To recover vapor, one or a combination of four methods may be used: vapor/
liquid absorption, vapor compression, vapor cooling, and vapor/solid adsorp-
tion. Overall control efficiencies of vapor recovery systems vary from 90%
to 95% depending on the method used, the design of the unit, the composition
of vapors recovered, and the mechanical condition of the system.
Emissions from fixed roof tanks can also be controlled by the addi-
tion of an internal floating cover or covered floating roof to the existing
fixed roof tank. API reports that this can result in an average loss reduc-
tion of 90% of the total evaporation loss sustained from a fixed roof tank.
Evaporative emissions can be minimized by reducing tank heat input
with water sprays, mechanical cooling, underground storage, tank insulation,
and optimum scheduling of tank turnovers.
Floating Roof Tanks—Floating roof standing storage losses result from
causes other than breathing or changes in liquid level. The largest potential
source of this loss is due to an improper fit of the seal and the roof.
Floating roof withdrawal losses result from evaporation of stock which
wets the tank wall as the roof descends during emptying operations. This loss
is small in comparison to other types of losses.
Evaporative emissions from floating roof tanks can be minimized by
reducing tank heat input and by naxiriizing maintenance on the tank scale.
Variable Vapor Space Tanks—Variable vapor space filling losses result
when vapor is displaced by the liquid input during filling operations. Since
the variable vapor space tank has an expandable vapor storage capability,
this loss is not as large as the filling loss associated with fixed roof tanks.
Loss of vapor occurs only when the vapor storage capacity of the tank is
exceeded.
4.03-2 26200-795
-------
Pressure tank losses occur when the pressure inside the tank exceeds
the design pressure of the tank, which results in relief vent opening. This
happens only when the tank is filled improperly, or when abnormal vapor expan-
sion occurs. These are not regularly occurring events, and pressure tanks
are not a significant source of loss under normal operating conditions.
The total amount of evaporation loss from storage tanks depends upon
the rate of loss and the period of time involved. Factors affecting the rate
of loss include:
1. True vapor pressure of the liquid stored
2. Temperature changes in the tank
3. Height of the vapor space (tank outage)
4. Tank diameter
5. Schedule of tank filling and emptying
6. Mechanical condition of tank and seals
7. Type of tank and type of paint applied to outer surface
Evaporative emissions from variable vapor space tanks are negligible
and can be minimized by optimum scheduling of tank turnovers and by reducing
tank heat input. Vapor recovery systems can be used with variable vapor
space systems to collect and recover filling losses.
Vapor recovery systems capture hydrocarbon vapors displaced during
filling operations and recover the hydrocarbon vapors by the use of refriger-
ation, absorption, adsorption, and/or compression. Control efficiencies
range from 90% to 98%, depending on the nature of the vapors and the recovery
equipment used.
Pressure Tanks—Pressure tanks incur vapor losses when excessive
internal pressures result in relief valve venting. In some pressure tanks
vapor venting is a design characteristic, and the vented vapors must be routed
to a vapor recovery system. However, for most pressure tanks vapor venting
is not a normal occurrence, and the tanks can be considered closed systems,.
Fugitive losses are also associated with pressure tanks and their equipment,
but with proper system maintenance they are insignificant. Correlations do
not exist for estimating vapor losses from pressure tanks.
4.03-3
26200-795
-------
Emission Factors
AP-42 may be used to calculate emissions from petroleum storage tanks.
Many studies have been undertaken recently to better understand tank emissions.
Revision of current emission factors is being considered by the EPA.
Profile Basis
Approximately 45% of the crude oil refined in the California South
Coast Air Basin is produced locally. The balance comes from several sources
including domestic and foreign suppliers. There exist significant differences
in VOC speciation between the crude oils stored in production and refining in
the Basin and that involved in marketing operations. The following dis-
cussion is therefore divided into the three general areas of production,
marketing, and refinery operations.
Production Operations - Results from the current inventory (Ref. 3)
show that the organic compound, emissions from crude oil storage for petro-
leum production operations account for 35 tons per day or approximately 5%
of all manmade sources. The emission profiles for the vapors released from
these sources were developed using data from the field tests conducted on
the program (Ref. 3) and the results of a recently completed study on fixed
roof tank emissions sponsored by the Western Oil and Gas Association (WOGA)
{Ref. 6) .
A summary of the data used to determine this profile is included in
Table 4-03D. Since data from Reference 6 did not identify "normal" and
"isomer" compounds, the organic compounds for these tests have been identi-
fied as "normal". The layout of this table is similar to the following
tables with the identification of the crude oils across the top and the
organic compounds listed vertically. The numbers in each column represent
the weight percent of that specie in the associated crude oil vapors.
As seen in Table 4-03D, there was a wide variation in the organic
constituents of the crude oil vapors within the study area. The composite
emission profile was developed using the weighting factor listed with each
crude oil which represents roughly the fraction of the total crude oil pro-
duced by refineries within the Basin according to the California Division
of Oil and Gas (Ref. 10).
4.03-4 26200-795
-------
Table 4-03-001C is a detailed profile specie table which is a
composite of crude oil storage for petroleum production operations. This
composite profile was developed from Table 4-03D and as discussed above.
Refining Operations - A similar procedure was used to develop
an emission profile for crude oil storage associated with refining opera-
tions. A summary of the data used to calculate a composite profile is
included in Table 4-03E. The crude oil stored in refineries showed a much
larger variation in vapor compositions reflecting the diverse origins in
the crude oil.
Data in Table 4-03E represents vapors collected from both fixed and
floating roof tanks. However, insufficient data were available to allow a
differentiation between vapors emitted from each tank type. Regulations by
the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) require
storage of petroleum liquids with a vapor pressure greater than 1.5 psia in
floating roof tanks. Therefore, it would seem reasonable to assume that
differences between the vapor composition for crude oils above and below
this limit would exist.
Table 4-03-001D is a detailed profile specie table that is a
composite of crude oil storage for petroleum refining operations. This
profile was developed from Table 4-03E and as discussed above.
Crude Oil Storage and Transfer Operations - Table 4-03F pre-
sents the data employed to determine a composite emission profile for crude
oil storage and transfer operations primarily at marine terminals. Because
significant variations in the crude oil vapors were observed between the
various samples analyzed by KVB (Ref. 3), these test data were not used for
this profile. The data shown were taken from the WOGA Fixed Roof Tank
Study (Ref. 6).
Table 4-06-002 is a detailed profile specie table that is a
composite of crude oil storage and transfer operations at marine terminals
The remainder of the profiles following this section are self-explanatory
and may be used as indicated in the profile titles or by their applicable
SCC categories.
4.03-5 26200-795
-------
TABLE 4-03D. CRUDE OIL STORAGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Fraction of
Production
Organic Compound
(wt. %)
Methane
Etliane
Propane
N- Butane
I-Butane
, N-Pentane
w I-Pentane
-^ Hexane
I-Hexane
Heptane
Octane*
C-7 Cycloparaffins
C-8 Cycloparaffins
Benzene
Cyclohexane
3-Methyl Pentane
t
Huntington
Beach
0.13
3.0
6.7
20.2
19.9
11.0
8.0
11.1
5.0
0.8
9.9
3.5
1.0
100.0
t §
Saticoy Rosecrans
0.01 0.10
7.1 1.0
17.6 1.9
30.8 12.6
19.5 24.7
9.9
5.1 19.3
5.8
2.1 12.9
17.2
10.4
0.6
0.1
1.4
100.0 100.0
Production Field
§ §
§ Seal § Santa Fe
Wilmington Beach Ventura Springs
0.45 0.05 0.12 0.02
10.8 2.0 1.2 5.3
6.7 1.9 2.6 15.4
18.1 12.5 19.6 19.7
27.4 25.6 34.5 26.2
13.1 30.7 14.7 13.0
6.8 12.3 9.4 5.8
9.3 9.2 10.7 6.2
7.8 5.8 7.3 8.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
§
Brea
Olinda
0.08
1.4
2.0
9.S
30.7
23.5
11.3
13.7
7.9
loo.o
§ ,
South 3
Mountain Ojai
0.05 0.01
7.9 0.2
9.2 2.1
25.5 8.4
26.5 30.9
10.5 25.6
5.8 11.3
7.5 11.8
7.1 9.7
100.0 100.0
Composite
1.0
6.2
5.6
17.6
27.1
1.5
14.6
l.S
7.9
—
9.2
6.9
1.3
0.5
0.1
—
—
100.0
"t" Tests conducted during the current project
§ Ref. 6
26200-795
-------
TABLE 4-03E. CRUDE OIL STORAGE, PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS
Organic Compound
(wt. %)
Methane
Ethane
Propane
N-Butane
I -Butane
N-Pentane
I-Pentane
Hexane
I-Hexane
Heptane
I-Heptane
I-Octane
Benzene
Toluene
Foreign*
5.3
4.5
17.1
18.6
10.7
15.0
13.4
7.3
5.2
0.9
2.0
100.0
Domestic*
9.0
6.0
26.0
26.0
11.0
8.0
8.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
100.0
Crude Sources
Domestic*
0.1
2.1
20.6
22.7
15.5
8.0
12.3
0.2
1.0
0.2
8.1
1.9
4.3
3.0
100.0
Domestic*
2.7
7.3
15.4
9.5
22.2
17.1
14.0
7.9
3.9
100.0
t
Unknown Composite
26.8 8.8
0.9 2.7
9.7 16.1
21.7 20.8
9.3
19.4 10.1
11.2
12.8 4.7
5.1
8.7 2.0
5.0
0.4
2.4
1.4
100.0 100.0
Tests conducted for the program
Ref. 6
26200-795
-------
TABLE 4-03P. CRUDE OIL STORAGE, PETROLEUM MARKETING OPERATIONS
Organic Compound
(wt. %)
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane +
Foreign
6.0
8.1
15.0
31.1
12.8
7.4
8.8
10.8
100.0
Crude
Foreign
0.4
1.1
19.3
33.7
22.7
9.7
8.5
4.6
100.0
Source
Domestic
1.5
2.0
13.0
25.7
20.1
9.3
15.0
13.4
100.0
Composite
2.6
3.7
15.8
30.2
18.5
8.8
10.8
9.6
100.0
Ref. 6
4.03-a
26200-795
-------
Data Qualifications
The following profiles may be used to characterize the organic
emissions from typical petroleum product storage. Because of the variety of
crude oil or petroleum product specifications, some VOC species will differ
from region to region.
4.03-9 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-001A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, GASOLINE COMPOSITE, WORKING AND BREATHING LOSSES COMP
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO9B
NONE
o
U)
I
to
O
O
I
--J
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
432O4 PROPANE 44. O9
43312 N-BUTANE SB. 12
43214 ISOBUTANE 58. 12
43220 N-PENTANE 72. 15
43231 N-HEXANE 86. 17
43232 N-HEPTANE 1OO. 20
43233 N-QCTANE 114.23
43235 N-NONANE 128. 25
43238 N-DECANE 142.28
43213 BUTENE 56. 10
43224 1-PENTENE 70. 13
451 02 ISOMERS OF XYLENE 106. 16
451O4 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE 12O. 19
451O5 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE 134. 21
45107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 120. 19
452O2 TOLUENE 92. 13
452O1 BENZENE 78. 11
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 88. 75
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 67. 85
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 108. 50
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 78. 1 1
17 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 94. 40
. 1O
2. 2O
. 50
12. 2O
16. 30
9. 3O
10. 10
1. 80
2. 6O
4O
2. 5O
13. 50
6. 50
4. 4O
5. 5O
9. 7O
2. 40
100. 00
55. 1O
2. 90
39. 60
. 00
. 00
00
2. 40
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O3-001-01,
-03 (REFER
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. 19 1 PARAFFIN
3. 59 1 PARAFFIN
. 85 1 PARAFFIN
15.96 1 PARAFFIN
17. 85 1 PARAFFIN
8. 78 1 PARAFFIN
8. 31 1 PARAFFIN
1. 32 1 PARAFFIN
1. 7O 1 PARAFFIN
. 66 2 OLEFIN
3. 4O 2 OLEFIN
11.99 3 AROMATIC
5. 1O 3 AROMATIC
3. 12 3 AROMATIC
4. 34 3 AROMATIC
9. 92 3 AROMATIC
2. 93 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. 01
58. 55
4. 06
34. 47
. 00
. OO
. 00
2. 93
100. 01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
ALSO TO SUMMARY INDEX)
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O3-OO1B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. GASOLINE BREATHING. FCC UNIT AND REFORMER BLEND
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0187
NONE
o
u>
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
431O6 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
431 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
452O2 TOLUENE
TOTAL
B COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION b
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1O COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
1OO. 2O
72. 13
58. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 2O
106. 16
92. 13
67. 4O
.00
96.35
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
68. 59
PERCENT
WEIGHT
5. 20
IB. 4O
3. 2O
58. 3O
. 30
1. 3O
4. 60
2. 7O
1. 9O
3. 9O
100. OO
94. 2O
. OO
5. BO
. 00
. OO
. OO
.00
1OO. OO
A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
4-03-001-01
(REFER ALSO
PERCENT
VOLUME
4. 12
12. 63
3. O2
68. 84
. 34
1. 44
3. 64
1. 85
1. 24
2. 88
100. 00
95. 88
.OO
4. 12
. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE TAKEN FR
TO SUMMARY
INDEX)
o
o
-J
V£>
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-001C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE,
FIXED ROOF. COMPOSITE PROFILE FOR CRUDE OIL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
PRODUCTION
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O296
NONE
o
u>
I
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O3-O01D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE.
FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE PROFILE FOR CRUDE OIL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
REFINERY
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O297
NONE
o
U)
I
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
I
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
431O3
431O6
431O7
43122
432O4
43212
43214
4322O
43231
43232
43202
43201
432O2
45201
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
ISOMERS
PROPANE
CHEMICAL
NAME
OF HEXANE
OF HEPTANE
OF OCTANE
OF PENTANE
N-BUTANE
ISOBUTANE
N-PENTANE
N-HEXANE
N-HEPTANE
TOLUENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
10 COMPOUNDS OF
0 COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
1 COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION 1
CLASSIFICATION 2
CLASSIFICATION 3
CLASSIFICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION 5
CLASSIFICATION 6
CLASSIFICATION 7
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
1OO.
114.
72.
44.
38.
SB.
72.
86.
100.
92.
16.
30.
78.
62.
92.
16.
42.
48.
17
20
23
13
O9
12
12
13
17
20
13
O4
O7
11
07
OO
13
OO
00
O4
37
81
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3.
5.
11.
16.
2O.
9.
10.
4.
2.
1.
8.
2.
2.
100.
84.
1.
8.
5.
100.
1O
OO
40
2O
10
80
3O
10
70
OO
4O
8O
7O
4O
00
70
OO
40
00
OO
80
10
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.
2.
7.
17.
17.
7.
6.
2.
26.
4.
1.
100.
66.
26.
5.
100.
88
44
2O
36
80
43
SO
83
6B
98
73
77
39
31
02
62
OO
73
00
00
77
90
02
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
NJ
O
O
I
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLES
B. REFERENCES. KVB TEST DATA (REF 3), LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 6)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-O01-O2,-04, 4-03-OO2-03,-04
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-00IE
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. COMMERCIAL JET FUEL (JET-A)
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O1OO
NONE
o
OJ
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43239 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43241 N-UNDECANE
43299 N-DODECANE
43298 N-TRIDECANE
43299 N-TETRADECANE
4326O N-PENTADECANE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
9 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
100. 2O
114. 23
128. 29
142. 28
196. 30
17O. 33
184. 36
198. 38
212.41
1 165. 19
2 .00
3 . OO
4 . OO
5 . OO
6 .00
7 .00
165. 19
. 1O
. 9O
4. 7O
19. 6O
20. 3O
18. 20
17. 70
11. 7O
7.20
100. OO
100. 00
. 00
.OO
. 00
. OO
.OO
.00
100. 00
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. 17 1 PARAFFIN
. 66 1 PARAFFIN
6. 11 PARAFFIN
22. 77 PARAFFIN
21. 45 PARAFFIN
17. 66 PARAFFIN
19. 84 PARAFFIN
9. 74 PARAFFIN
3. 61 1 PARAFFIN
10O. 01
100. 01
.00
. OO
. OO
. OO
.OO
.00
1OO. 01
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 11)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O3-001-05.
-5O, 4-O3-OO2-O5. 4-O3-003-03
to
en
to
o
o
ID
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O3-OO1F
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. BENZENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O298
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
45201
BENZENE
TOTAL
78. 11
1OO. OO
100. 00
10O. OO
100. 00
NON-REACTIVE
o
Co
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
I COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
i COMPOUND COMPOSITE
78.
00
00
OO
00
OO
00
11
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
.00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
10O. 00
78. 11
10O. 00
1OO. OO
(JI
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-O01-O8,-53, 4-O3-002-O8. 4-03-003-O6
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
cn
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-03-O01G
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, CYCLOHEXANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION.
KVB PROFILE KEY O299
NONE
o
u>
t
LINE
NO.
1
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
CODE NAME WEIGHT
43248 CYCLOHEXANE 84. 16
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 84. 16
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . 00
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 84. 16
PERCENT
WEIGHT
10O. OO
100. 00
10O. OO
.00
.00
.00
.00
. 00
. OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 1 PARAFFIN
100. OO
1OO. OO
.OO
.OO
.00
.OO
.00
.00
1OO. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-O01-09, -54, 4-O3-OO2-O9, 4-03-O03-07
to
(^
to
o
o
i
•vl
vo
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-001H
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, CYCLOPENTANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 03OO
NONE
LINE SARDAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43242
CYCLOPENTANE
TOTAL
70. 14
100. 00
100. 00
100. 00
100. 00
PARAFFIN
U)
I
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
70.
14
OO
00
00
00
00
00
100. 00
. OO
. 00
OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
100. 00
00
. OO
.00
.00
. OO
. OO
70. 14
100. 00
100.00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-OO1-1O,-55, 4-03-002-10,
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
4-03-003-08
to
NJ
o
o
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O3-O01J
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. HEPTANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O3O1
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
43232 N-HEPTANE
TOTAL
1OO. 2O
100. 00
10O. OO
1OO. OO
10O. OO
PARAFFIN
.£•
O
I
oo
I COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
1OO.
100.
20
00
00
00
00
00
OO
20
10O. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
10O. OO
1OO. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
10O. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O3-OO1-11. -56, 4-03-002-11.
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
4-O3-003-09
NJ
O
O
I
v£>
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O3-OO1K
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. HEXANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O23O
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43331
N-HEXANE
TOTAL
86. 17
1OO. OO
100. 00
1OO. OO
100. 00
PARAFFIN
o
OJ
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
86.
17
00
OO
OO
OO
OO
OO
1OO. OO
. OO
.OO
. OO
. 00
.OO
.OO
1OO. OO
. OO
.00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
86. 17
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES:
A.
B.
C.
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O3-OO1-12. -57 4-03-O02-12
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
4-03-OO3-1O
cr>
to
o
o
i
(Jl
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197B
TABLE 4-03-001L
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. ISO-OCTANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0302
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
43107
ISOMERS OF OCTANE
TOTAL
114. 23
10O. OO
100. 00
1OO. OO
1OO. 00
PARAFFIN
to
o
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
.
23
00
00
00
00
00
00
100. 00
OO
. OO
.00
. OO
. OO
. 00
100. OO
.00
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
. OO
114. 23
100. 00
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O3-001-13, -58, 4-O3-OO2-13,
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
4-O3-OO3-11
to
CT>
O
O
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O3-001M
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, ISOPENTANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O231
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43122
ISOMERS OF PENTANE
TOTAL
72. 15
100. 00
100. 00
1OO. 00
10O. 00
PARAFFIN
o
oo
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
72.
15
OO
OO
OO
OO
00
00
100. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
00
.00
100. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
72. 15
10O. 00
10O. OO
NOTES:
A.
B.
C.
METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-001-14,-59 4-03-002-14, 4-O3-003-12
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
o
o
-j
i£>
(Ji
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-00IN
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, PENTANE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 03O3
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT CHEMICAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
4322O
N-PENTANE
TOTAL
72. 15
100. OO
100.00
1OO. OO
10O. 00
PARAFFIN
o
U)
I
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
72. 15
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. 00
. 00
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
1OO. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
. OO
72. 15
1OO. 00
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-001-15,-60, 4-03-002-15, 4-03-003-13
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
[O
O
O
I
10
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-03-O01P
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, TOLUENE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O185
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
45202
TOLUENE
TOTAL
92. 13
1OO. OO
100.00
1OO. OO
10O. 00
AROMATIC
o
OJ
to
OJ
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
.00
. OO
92. 13
.00
.OO
.OO
.OO
.00
. OO
1OO. OO
.00
.00
.OO
.OO
.OO
.OO
1OO. OO
.00
.OO
. OO
.00
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
92. 13
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERINC JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O3-OO1-16, -61, 4-O3-OO2-16.4-O3-OO3-14
INSPECTION OF STORED PRODUCT FORMULATION
to
in
CO
o
o
i
01
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-03-0010
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF, COMPOSITE PROFILE FOR CRUDE OIL AND WASTE WATER
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0188
NONE
£>
o
(jO
to
^
to
cn
to
0
0
1
-J
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
MOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431 OS ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43112 ISOMERS OF DODECANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
10 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
13 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
170. 33
98. 19
112. 23
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
16. O4
3O. 07
78. 11
1 58. 33
2 . 00
3 . 00
4 . OO
5 . 00
6 16. 04
7 31. 02
37. 58
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 3O
3O
4. 5O
1. 3O
7. 1O
21. 3O
16. 6O
8. 3O
5. 80
4. 2O
16. SO
11. 9O
. 6O
10O. 00
7O. 70
. 00
. 00
. 00
. 00
16. 80
12. 50
100. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 36
.08
1. 73
. 43
3. 68
18. 12
10. 73
5. 37
3. OO
1. 84
39. 29
14. 86
. 30
100. 01
45. 56
. OO
. 00
.OO
. 00
39. 29
15. 16
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLES TAKEN WITHIN LIQUID-AIR INTERIM
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O3-001-98
(Jl
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O3-OO3
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
VARIABLE VAPOR SPACE, LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0232
NONE
LINE SARD AD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
432O4
43214
432O3
43202
CHEMICAL
NAME
PROPANE
ISOBUTANE
PROPYLENE
ETHANE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.
58.
42.
30.
O9
12
O8
O7
PERCENT
WEIGHT
9O.
3.
4.
100.
60
2O
1O
1O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
88.
5.
3.
100.
77
13
23
87
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
2
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
NON-REACTIVE
I
to
Ul
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
44.
42.
3O.
43.
11
08
00
00
OO
00
07
18
90.
5.
4.
100.
80
1O
00
00
00
00
10
00
88.
5.
5.
100.
90
23
00
00
OO
00
87
00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-03-OO3-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
to
G\
to
O
O
ID
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O6-OO2
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE
FIXED ROOF. COMPOSITE FOR CRUDE OIL, MARINE TERMINAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O3O5
NONE
o
I
to
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. 09
58. 12
72. 13
86. 17
10O. 2O
114. 23
16. 04
3O. 07
1 65. 6O
2 .00
3 .00
4 . OO
3 -00
6 16. 04
7 30. 07
SB. 36
PERCENT
WEIGHT
15. 80
3O. 2O
18. SO
8. 8O
1O. BO
9. 6O
2. 6O
3. 7O
100. 00
93.70
. OO
. OO
. OO
. OO
2.60
3.70
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF.
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
6)
PERCENT
VOLUME
2O. 9O
3O. 36
14. 94
5. 93
6. 30
4. 90
9. 46
7. 18
99. 99
83.35
.00
.00
.00
. OO
9.46
7. 18
99. 99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
6 METHANE
7 NON-REACTIVE
ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT OF LITERATURE DATA
: 4-O6-OO2-O2. -27
to
en
M
o
o
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Danielson, J. A. (Ed), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Reserach Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
3. Taback, H. J. et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II, KVB,
Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. "Evaporation Loss in the Petroleum Industry - Causes and Control,"
American Petroleum Institute, Evaporation and Loss Committee, API
Bulletin 2513, Washington, DC, 1959.
5. "Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Floating Roof Petroleum
Tanks," Engineering-Science, Inc., sponsored by the Western Oil and
Gas Association, January 1977.
6. "Hydrocarbon Emissions from Fixed-Roof Petroleum Tanks," Engineering-
Science, Inc., sponsored by the Western Oil and Gas Association,
July 1977.
7. Adrian, R., "Emissions from Fixed Roof Tanks - Santa Barbara County,"
California Air Resources Board, November 1978.
8. Burklin, C. E., et al., "Revision of Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emis-
sion Factors," report for EPA-450/3-76-039, 19761
9. Jonker, P. E., et al., "Control Floating Roof Tank Emissions,"
Hydrocarbon Processing, Gulf Publishing Co., May 1977.
10. "61st Annual Report of the State Oil and Gas Supervisor," California
Division of Oil and Gas, Report No. PR06, 1975.
11. Mayrsohn, H. and Crabtree, J., Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons in the South Coast Air Basin, 1975, California Air
Resources Board, December 1976.
4-03-27 26200-795
-------
4-05 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS GRAPHIC ART PROCESSES
1 2
Introduction '
There are four major classes of graphic art printing processes:
1. letterpress,
2. lithographic,
3. flexographic, and
4. rotogravure.
The first two processes use oil or paste inks, and the last two use
solvent inks. These inks vary in physical appearance, composition, method
of application, and drying mechanism. Although flexographic and rotogravure
inks have many elements in common with paste inks, they differ because of
their low viscosity and dry by evaporation of highly volatile solvents.
There are three general processes in the manufacture of printing
inks: (1) cooking the vehicle and adding dyes, (2) grinding of a pigment
into the vehicle using a roller mill, and (3) replacing water in the wet
pigment pulp by an ink vehicle (commonly known as the flushing process).
The ink "varnish" or vehicle is generally cooked in large kettles at 200 °
to 600 °F (93 ° to 315 °C) for an average of eight to twelve hours in much
the same way that regular varnish is made. Mixing of the pigment and vehicle
is done in dough mixers or in large agitated tanks. Grinding is most often
carried out in three-roller or five-roller horizontal or vertical mills.
Since the information and details of each of the different printing
processes vary considerably, it was decided that each process should be
treated as a separate section in this report.
4-05~1 26200-795
-------
4.05 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
4-05-002 LETTERPRESS PROCESS
Process Description
Letterpress printing is the oldest and most basic form of printing
and still predominates in periodical and newspaper publishing. In letter-
press printing, ink is transferred to the paper from the image surface. This
surface is raised relative to the nonprinting surface of the plate. Consult
Reference 2 for a more detailed explanation of this graphic art process.
Emissions
The major sources of hydrocarbon emissions from letterpress printing
occur from the:
hot air dryer
press unit, and
chill rolls
In letterpress printing operations, the ink is the major source of
hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon emissions rate data and process information can
be obtained from Reference 1. Hydrocarbon species data on emissions from
these sources is presented in
Controls
Control of the hydrocarbon emissions from letterpress operations in
general are categorized according to the following:
Process modification—microwave drying
—infrared drying
—electron beam drying
—ultraviolet drying
Ink modification—aqueous inks
—solventless inks
Incineration, exhaust gas—thermal
—catalytic
—combination of both
Adsorption—activated carbon
For a more thorough explanation of each control method, consult
References 1, 3 and 4.
4.05-2 , 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis
The basis for profiles 4-05-002A and B was test data obtained from a
typical letterpress printing operation employing paste type inks and a hot air
dryer. Profile 4-05-002A included VOC's from incomplete combustion from the
direct fired dryer. A sampling train consisting of a glass gas collection
bottle and NIOSH type charcoal tubes was employed. Samples were taken at
points within the exhaust duct work located upstream and downstream of a
thermal afterburner.
Data Qualifications
The following profiles may be used to characterize the organic emissions
from a typical lettpress printing operation employing a hot air dryer and a
thermal gas fired afterburner.
4.05-3 262-0-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-05-002A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PRINTING PRESS
LETTERPRESS. INKING AND DRYING (DIRECT-FIRED DRIER)
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O334
NONE
o
Ln
1
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 43214 ISOBUTANE
4 432O3 ETHYLENE
3 432O3 PROPYLENE
6 43213 BUTENE
7 43201 METHANE
8 432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
44. O9 3.
58. 12 3.
38. 12 1.
28. OS 13.
42. O8 3.
36. 1O 1.
16. O4 69.
3O. O7 7.
1OO.
51. 19 7.
30. 75 17.
. 00
.00
.00
16. O4 69.
3O. O7 7.
19. 15 100.
OO
00
00
00
00
OO
OO
OO
00
OO
00
00
00
OO
00
00
OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3)
4-05 — OO2-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1.30 1 PARAFFIN
l.OO 1 PARAFFIN
. 33 1 PARAFFIN
8. 88 2 OLEFIN
1. 36 2 OLEFIN
. 34 2 OLEFIN
82. 33 6 METHANE
4. 46 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. OO
2.63
1O. 58
.00
.00
.00
82.33
4.46
100. OO
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
ro
o
o
-J
VD
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-05-002
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
LETTERPRESS. INKING PROCESS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: CATALYTIC AFTERBURNER
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O166
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
4 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
16.04
3O. O7
44. 92
.00
. OO
. OO
.00
16. O4
3O. 07
19. 94
PERCENT
WEIGHT
12. OO
1. OO
63. OO
24. OO
1OO. OO
13. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
63. 00
24. OO
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O5-OO2-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
5. 42 1 PARAFFIN
. 34 1 PARAFFIN
78. 33 6 METHANE
13.91 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. OO
5. 76
.OO
. 00
.OO
.OO
78. 33
15.91
100. OO
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
to
cr>
to
o
o
i
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
5. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
4.05-6 26200-795
-------
4-05 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
4-05-003 FLEXOGRAPHIC PROCESS
2
Process Description
Flexographic printing is similar to letterpress, where the image area
is raised above the surface of the plate. Ink is transferred directly to the
image area of the plate and directly from the plate to the paper or substrate.
Whenever the plate is made of rubber and alcohol based inks are used, the
process is flexography. The process is always web fed and is used for medium
or long runs on a variety of substrates, including heavy paper, fiberboard,
metal, and plastic foil.
Flexographic processes differ among themselves mainly in the type of
ink used. Most flexographic inks are fluid in consistency and contain about
55% organic solvent. The solvent may be alcohol or alcohol mixed with ali-
phatic hydrocarbons or esters.
Flexography printing uses two similar but different processes. The
composition of the ink and the inclusion of drying are the main areas where
the processes differ. The two types of flexographic printing are:
1. flexographic, publication and
2. flexographic, newspaper.
For further process information, consult Reference 2.
Emissions
The major sources of hydrocarbon emissions from flexographic printing
occur from the:
hot air dryer
press unit, and
chill rolls
In a typical flexographic .operation, the ink is the major source of
hydrocarbons. Emission rates and information can be found in Reference 1.
4.05-7 26200-795
-------
Organic species data on emission from these sources using alcohol
based inks is presented in profiles 4-05-003A and B.
Controls
Control of hydrocarbon emission from flexographic web fed offset
printing are categorized according to the following:
process modification - microwave drying
infrared drying
electron beam drying
ultraviolet drying
ink modification - aqueous inks
solventless inks
incineration, exhaust gas - thermal
catalytic
combination, arid
adsorption - activated carbon
For a thorough explanation of each control method, consult References
1, 3 and 4.
Profile Basis3'5
Profiles 4-05-003A and B were developed using engineering evaluation
and judgement of data obtained from industry questionnaires and pertinent,
literature, respectively.
Data Qualifications
The following profiles may be used to characterize the organic
emissions from a typical flexographic printing operation using alcohol
based inks.
4.05-tf 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197S
TABLE 4-O5-OO3A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PRINTING PRESS
FLEXOGRAPHIC, COMPOSITE OF ALCOHOL BASED SOLVENT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
VB PROFILE KEY O172
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
SAROAD
CODE
433O2
43303
433O4
43331
43433
43432
CHEMICAL
NAME
ETHYL ALCOHOL
N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ETHYL ETHER
ETHYL ACETATE
2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
46.
6O.
6O.
74.
88.
132.
O7
O9
O9
12
10
00
PERCENT
WEIGHT
47.
24.
1O.
15.
1.
1OO.
6O
3O
7O
9O
1O
4O
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
37.
22.
9.
.
9.
99.
1O
33
84
66
43
61
99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
3
3
3
3
5
5
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
o
Ul
I
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
55.26
. OO
.00
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
10O. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
.00
. OO
99.99
. OO
. OO
55.26
1OO. OO
99.99
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PLASTIC COATED PAPER MILK CARTON MANUFACTURERS
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O5-OO3-O1,-99
ro
en
10
o
o
Ui
-------
DECEMBER 14, 197B
TABLE 4-O5-OO3B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PRINTING PRESS
FLEXOGRAPHIC, N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O304
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
433O3 N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
TOTAL
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
60. 09 100. OO
10O. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
100.00
1OO. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
5 MISCELLANEOUS
o
(Jl
I
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
6O. O9
. 00
. OO
. OO
. 00
. OO
. OO
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
.00
.00
. OO
-OO
100.00
. OO
.00
6O. O9
1OO. OO 1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-05-OO3-O6, 4-O5-OO5-09
INSPECTION OF SOLVENT FORMULATION
to
cn
NJ
O
O
-J
ID
(Jl
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N. , "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
5. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
4.05-11 26200-795
-------
4-05 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
4-05-004 LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS
Process Description
Lithography printing is characterized by having the image area on
the same plane as the non-image area. The image area chemically attracts
the ink while the non-image area chemically repels ink. The printing image
is applied to a cylinder which transfers the inked image directly to the
substrate. This process is direct lithography. A second process called
offset lithography involves the applying of a printed image to a cylinder
where the inked image is transferred to a rubber blanket cylinder which in
the same revolution prints the wet inked image onto the substrate. When a
web or continuous roll of paper is employed with the offset process, it is
called web-offset printing.
For further process information, consult Reference 1.
Emissions
The major areas of hydrocarbon emissions from web-offset printing
occur from the:
press
dryer
chill rolls, and
ink fountains
The ink and the coating on the paper are the major sources of hydro-
carbons in web-offset printing operations. Reference 1 should be consulted
for further information on emission rates and process information.
Profiles 4-05-004A and B present the hydrocarbon species emissions
from these sources.
Controls
Control of hydrocarbon emissions from web-offset printing are cate-
gorized according to the following:
4.05-12 26200-795
-------
process modification - microwave
infrared drying
electron beam drying
ultraviolet drying
ink modification - aqueous inks
solventless inks
combustion, exhaust gas - thermal
catalytic
combination
adsorption - activated carbon
For a thorough explanation of each control method, consult References
1, 3 and 4.
Profile Basis
The data presented in profiles 3-05-004A and B is based on tests
conducted at a typical lithographic printing operation. A hot air dryer was
employed in profile 4-05-004A and the VOC species reflect the incomplete
combustion. Samples of the exhaust gas were taken from points within the
exhaust duct work located upstream and downstream of a thermal afterburner.
Gas samples were collected in glass collecting bottles and NIOSH type
charcoal tubes.
Data Qualification
The following profiles may be used to characterize the organic emissions
from a typical lithographic printing operation employing a hot air dryer and
a thermal gas-fired afterburner.
4.05-13 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-05-OO4A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
LITHOGRAPHY, INKING AND DRYING (DIRECT-FIRED DRIER)
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O333
NONE
o
Ul
I
I-1
it.
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 432O4 PROPANE
2 43212 N-BUTANE
3 43214 ISOBUTANE
4 433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
5 43BO2 DICHLOROMETHANE
6 432O1 METHANE
7 43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
58. 12
60. 09
84. 94
16. O4
3O. 07
54. 66
. 00
. 00
. 00
84. 06
16. 04
30. O7
29. 34
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 3O
11. 50
1. 80
. 9O
34. 90
37. 7O
1O. OO
100. 10
16. 60
00
. OO
. 00
35. 80
37. 70
10. OO
10O. 10
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 3>
4-05-004-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
2. 20 1 PARAFFIN
5. BO 1 PARAFFIN
. 91 1 PARAFFIN
. 44 5 MISCELLANEOUS
12. 04 5 MISCELLANEOUS
68. 85 6 METHANE
9. 76 7 NON-REACTIVE
1OO. 00
8. 91
. 00
. 00
. 00
12. 48
68. 85
9. 76
10O. 00
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
ro
o
o
ID
Ul
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O5-OO4B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
LITHOGRAPHY,INKING AND DRYING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: THERMAL AFTERBURNER
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O332
o
I
\->
Ul
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR PERCENT
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 432O3 ETHYLENE 28. OS 2. OO
2 43203 PROPYLENE 42. O8 33. 6O
3 43213 BUTENE 56. 1O 13. 6O
4 43224 1-PENTENE 7O. 13 11. 9O
5 435O2 FORMALDEHYDE 3O. O3 21.80
6 432O1 METHANE 16. O4 17. 1O
TOTAL 1OO. 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . OO
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 47. 67
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 3O. O3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . OO
. 00
61. 1O
. OO
21. SO
OO
17. 10
OO
6 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 32. 53 10O. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-05-OO4-99
DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
2. 31 2 OLEFIN
25. 99 2 OLEFIN
7. 87 2 OLEFIN
3. 33 2 OLEFIN
23. 62 4 CARBONYL
34. 68 6 METHANE
100. 00
. OO
41. 70
. OO
23. 62
. OO
34. 68
. OO
1OO. OO
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SAMPLING TRAIN CATCH
M
o
o
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
5. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
4.05-16 26200-795
-------
4-05 POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
4-05-005 GRAPHIC ARTS—ROTOGRAVURE
Process Description
Gravure printing is a type of printing where the image area is recessed
relative to the surface of the image carrier. Ink is picked up in the engraved
area, and excess ink is scraped off the nonimage area with a "doctor blade."
Ink is tranferred directly from the image carrier to the paper or film. Gravure
may be sheet-fed or roll-fed. Sheet-fed gravure uses either a flat plate for
an image carrier, or a curved plate which is attached to a cylinder. In roll-
fed gravure, or rotogravure, the image is engraved in the cylinder itself.
Rotogravure may be used for coated or uncoated paper, film, foil, and many
combinations thereof.
The ink used in high speed gravure printing contains a relatively large
amount of low-boiling solvent and has a low viscosity. The rotogravure inks
contain approximately 65% highly volatile, aromatic solvent which is not sub-
ject to decomposition in the drying process. Control of solvent vapors around
the ink fountain is desirable to avoid the danger of explosion. For most com-
mercial operations, the solvent concentration in the exhaust gases ranges
between 25% and 40% of the lower explosive limit.
For further process information consult Reference 1.
Emissions
The major areas of hydrocarbon emissions from rotogravure printing
occur from the:
hot air dryer
press unit
chill rollers, and
ink fountain
In gravure printing operations the ink is the major source of hydro-
carbon emissions. Emission rates and information can be found in Reference 1.
4.05-17 26200-795
-------
Hydrocarbon species data on emissions from these sources are presented
in profiles 4-05-005A, B, C and D.
Controls
Control of hydrocarbon emissions from gravure printing are cate-
gorized according to the following:
process modification - microwave drying
infrared drying
electron beam drying
ultraviolet drying
ink modification - aqueous inks
solventless inks
incineration, exhaust gas - thermal
catalytic
combination, and
adsorption - activated carbon
For a thorough explanation of each control method, consult References
1, 3 and 4.
Profile Basis3'5
Profiles 4-05-005A, B, C and D were developed from data obtained
from industry questionnaires and literature. An engineering evaluation of
the data was performed.
Data Qualification
The following profiles may be used to characterize the organic emis-
sions from a typical rotogravure printing process.
4.05-18 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-O5-OO5A
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PRINTING PRESS
GRAVURE. PAPERBOARD PRINTING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O181
NONE
to
CTi
K>
o
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
452O2 TOLUENE
43551 ACETONE
435S2 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
43119 LACTOL SPIRITS
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O3 N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
43304 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
43434 PROPYL ACETATE
43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
43452 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.00
86. 17
1OO. 2O
92. 13
58. OS
72. 1O
114. OO
46. O7
6O. O9
6O. O9
88. 1O
102. 13
1O4. OO
132. OO
1 98. 25
2 . OO
3 92. 13
4 7O. 49
5 76. 56
6 .00
7 . OO
80.84
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. 4O
6. 2O
6. 6O
12. OO
.80
7. 8O
1. OO
8. 6O
. 3O
1O. BO
18. 2O
1. 3O
2O. 1O
.90
1OO. OO
18. 2O
. OO
12.00
8. 6O
61. 2O
.00
.00
1OO. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
3. SO
5.82
5. 33
1O. 5O
1. 13
8. 72
. 73
13. 11
. 4O
14. 34
16. 72
1. O5
15. 39
. 37
too. 01
14. 93
. OO
1O. 50
9.85
64. 71
. 00
. OO
100.01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
3
4
4
3
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIR
B. REFERENCES: REPRESENTATIVE PRINTING COMPANY
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 4-O5-OO5-01
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-05-005B
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
GRAVURE, PERIODICALS. PRINTING SOLVENT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O183
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
SARQAD
CODE
43118
431 02
45202
MINERAL
ISOMERS
TOLUENE
CHEMICAL
NAME
SPIRITS
OF XYLENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
1O6.
92.
OO
16
13
PERCENT
WEIGHT
83.
4.
13.
100.
00
00
OO
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
80.
4.
15.
100.
26
19
55
OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
o
Ln
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
3 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.00
. 00
95. 11
.OO
.00
.OO
. 00
HO. 27
83. 00
. 00
17. OO
. 00
. OO
.00
. 00
100. OO
80. 26
.OO
19. 74
. 00
.00
.00
.00
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-05-O05-01, 4-05-O05-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
NJ
O
o
I
U1
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-O5-OO5C
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION, PRINTING PRESS
GRAVURE, COMMERCIAL PRINTING SOLVENT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O1B4
NONE
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
43118
431 02
432O2
MINERAL
ISOMERS
TOLUENE
CHEMICAL
NAME
SPIRITS
OF XYLENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114.
1O6.
92.
OO
16
13
PERCENT
WEIGHT
83.
4.
13.
100.
00
OO
00
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
80.
4.
IS.
10O.
26
19
S3
00
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
3
3
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
o
Ul
I
NJ
1 COMPOUNDS
O COMPOUNDS
2 COMPOUNDS
O COMPOUNDS
O COMPOUNDS
0 COMPOUNDS
O COMPOUNDS
OF CLASSIFICATION 1
OF CLASSIFICATION 2
OF CLASSIFICATION 3
OF CLASSIFICATION 4
OF CLASSIFICATION 9
OF CLASSIFICATION 6
OF CLASSIFICATION 7
3 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
114.
95.
00
00
11
OO
00
OO
OO
83. OO
. 00
17. 00
.00
. OO
. OO
. 00
SO. 26
.00
19. 74
. OO
. 00
. 00
. OO
110.27
10O. 00
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN, KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O5-OO5-O1,-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
to
o
o
I
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 4-05-O05D
POINT SOURCE EVAPORATION. PRINTING PRESS
GRAVURE. GENERAL SOLVENT
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O182
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
3
3
4
3
6
7
8
SAROAD
CODE
43118
43248
431O6
432O3
433O1
433O4
433O3
43435
CHEMICAL
NAME
MINERAL SPIRITS
CYCLOHEXANE
ISOHERS OF DIETHYLBENZEME
ETHYLBENZENE
METHYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
N-BUTYL ACETATE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
114. OO
84. 16
134. 21
1O6. 16
32. O4
6O. 09
74. 12
116. 16
PERCENT
WEIGHT
31. 00
10. OO
7. 00
6. OO
6.00
6. OO
6. OO
8. OO
100.00
PERCENT
VOLUME
4O. 2O
1O. 70
4. 68
3. 13
16. 82
8. 99
7. 28
6. 21
1OO. Ol
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
5
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
o
Ul
1
to
to
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
~8~~COMPOUND COMPOSITE
107. 73
. OO
119. 54
. OO
59. 54
.00
. OO
61. OO
. OO
13.00
.00
26. OO
. OO
.00
50.90
. OO
9. 81
.00
39.30
.OO
. OO
89. 95
1OO. OO
1OO. 01
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 4-O5-OO5-O1,-99
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
NJ
O
o
1
-J
ID
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
4. Danielson, J. A. (ed.), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973
5. Sonnichsen, T. W., KVB Engineer.
4.05-23 26200-795
-------
5-01 SOLID WASTE
-------
5-01 SOLID WASTE, GOVERNMENT
5-01-002 OPEN BURNING DUMP—LANDSCAPE/PRUNING
—AGRICULTURAL
1 2
Process Description '
Disposal of agricultural/landscape wastes by open burning is imperative
because refuse piles retain horticultural diseases and agricultural pests.
Open burning is performed in many areas as a practical means of clearing the
land of these wastes. Open burning is done in open drums or baskets, and in
large-scale open dumps, piles or pits.
Agricultural waste burning occurs in two basic patterns, head fires
and back fires. Head fires are started at the upwind side of a field and
allowed to progress in the direction of the wind whereas back fires are started
at the downwind edge and forced to progress in a direction opposing the wind.
Emissions '
Ground level open burning is affected by many variables including wind,
ambient temperature, agricultural waste composition and moisture content,
and compactness of the waste pile.
The relatively low temperatures associated with open burning causes
emissions of large quantities of unburned particulates, carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons, while suppressing the emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
Emissions from agricultural/landscape waste burnings are dependent
mainly on moisture content and in the case of fi-eld crops, whether the refuse
is burned in a head-fire or back-fire mode. Other variables such as fuel load-
ing (how much refuse material is burned per unit of land area?) and how the
refuse is arranged (e.g., piles, rows or spread out).
Emission factors for open burning (pile form) are presented in the
following table. For further information on the variables affecting emissions
consult Reference 3.
5.01-1 26200-795
-------
TABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTE BURNING EMISSION FACTORS
Hydrocarbon, Ibs/ton of
Fuel Burned
Average
Average ^ Fuel Moisture
<5
Field
tule
5-10
and weeds
sorghum
mixed
weeds
cotton
10-15
rice
ditch
bank
weeds
15-20
barley
corn
hay
wheat
>20 Emissions
17-3 @
j. / . o *-
alfalfa
asparagus
bean
oats
peas
safflower
(Ibs/ton)
19 T
J-Z • j
Orchard and vines
apple
boysen-
berry
nectarine
prune
almond
apricot
date
fig
peach
pear
walnut
cherry
olive
avocado
11.1
7.5
@
<§
40.3
23.7
Source: Reference 3
* The presented factor ranges are based on the assumption that burning would
be conducted under those conditions where lower emissions could be expected
(pile form).
Controls
Landscape/agricultural open burning is an uncontrolled pollution problem
from the equipment application point of view. Controls in this instance gener-
ally take the form of:
Burning on days of favorable weather (e.g., low winds, no rain)
Drying of debris to a low moisture content
— Orchard and vines, 35-25% moisture
— Field and weeds, 'VL2% moisture
Cold start type of ignition instead of roll-on type of ignition
(especially for orchard crops produces lower hydrocarbon emissions).
5.01-2
26200-795
-------
For further information on this subject, the reader is advised to
consult the references cited at the end of this section.
Profile Basis4
Numerous articles on the various aspects of agricultural/landscape
waste burning were researched prior to constructing the composite profile
of hydrocarbon specie emissions (Profile 5-01-002).
Data Qualification
Profile 5-01-002 is a composite for agricultural/landscape/pruning
open burning and may be used to characterize the VOC emissions for government
and agricultural operations involving these materials. It should be used with
discretion, however, when applying it to open burning of refuse for commercial,
institutional and industrial operations unless the same materials discussed above
are being burned.
5.01-3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 5-01-002
SOLID WASTE. GOVERNMENT, OPEN BURNING DUMP
LANDSCAPE/PRUNING
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O121
to
cn
M
O
O
I
~J
VO
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43121 ISOMERS OF PENTENE
432O3 ETHYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1 -PENTENE
432O6 ACETYLENE
TOTAL
7 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
12 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. O9
58. 12
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
7O. 13
28. OS
56. 1O
7O. 13
26. O4
1 88. 55
2 43. 13
3 .00
4 . OO
5 26. 04
6 . OO
7 . OO
56.76
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.90
1. 90
1. 90
1. 9O
13. 9O
13. 9O
13. 80
11. 8O
19.40
5. 9O
11. 80
1. 9O
1OO. OO
49.20
48. 9O
.OO
.OO
1.90
.OO
.OO
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
2. 44 1
1.87
1.87
1. 48
9. 14
7. 89
o. 87
9. 53 2
39. 27 2
5. 96 2
9. 53 2
4. 14 5
99. 99
31. 56
64. 29
. OO
. OO
4. 14
.OO
.OO
99.99
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
MISCELLANEOUS
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
B. REFERENCES: T. U. SONNICHSEN. KVB ENGINEER
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: 5-02-OO1-O2,
5-O2-OO2-02. 5-O3-OO2-02
-------
REFERENCES
1. Formica, P. N., "Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rate and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes," prepared for EPA
Office of Air .Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC, EPA-340/1-78-004, April 1978.
2. Wayne, L. G.. and McQueary, M. L. , "Calculation of Emission Factors
for Agricultural Burning Activities," prepared for the EPA Office of
Air and Waste Management, Office of Air Planning and Standards,
Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA-450/3-74-017 and 018 and
450/3-75-087.
3. Darley, Ellis F., "Emission Factors from Burning Agricultural Wastes
Collected in California," Final Report, Cal/ARB Project 4-011,
January 1977.
4. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Station-
ary Sources in The California South Coast Air Basin," Vol I and II,
KVB, .Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
5.01-5 26200-795
-------
5-01 SOLID WASTE, GOVERNMENT
5-01-005 INCINERATOR—BAR SCREENED SEWAGE WASTE
1
Process Description
Sewage waste of sufficient size is filtered out of the incoming, un-
treated sewage effluent by a rotating bar screen and transported by means of
a conveyor to the incinerator where it is combusted to an ash residue.
Composition of this sewage waste is approximately twenty percent by
weight solid and eighty percent by weight liquid. Onsite digester gas is
generally used to combust the waste.
A normal cycle consists of conveying the wet waste into the incinerator
during a low-firing mode for approximately fifteen minutes. Conveying then
halts and a period of high firing for 45 minutes takes place. The waste is
then presumed to be combusted to an ash residue where it then falls through
a grating into an ash pile. The cycle then repeats itself. Unburned ash waste,
if present, is again combusted along with the fresh waste during the next cycle
and normally removed once a day.
2
Emissions
Gaseous hydrocarbon emissions are the result of the incomplete oxida-
tion of the sewage waste and digester gas due mainly to flame quenching, poor
mixing and short residence time.
Methane accounts for '^80% by weight of the gaseous hydrocarbons being
emitted. A large percent of this is due to the incomplete oxidation of the
digester gas. A total hydrocarbon emissions rate of 0.25 Ib HC per hr
-4
(6.3 x 10 grams
species measured.
-4
(6.3 x 10 grams/DSCF) was measured. Profile 5-01-005 presents the organic
Controls1'3
Operating conditions, waste composition and basic incinerator design
have a pronounced effect on emissions. The composition of the waste material
incinerated will play a major role in the type and degree of control necessary.
5.01-6 26200-795
-------
Listed below are a number of control methods that may be used. Eco-
nomics, local air pollution regulations, and incinerator design will dictate
which avenue of control to pursue.
Drying of the waste prior to incineration
Improved combustion - increasing the time, temperature and turbu-
lence of the combustion reaction
After burner installation
2
Profile Basis
The approach to establish a profile was to use the results of an
actual field test (Ref. 2) conducted on the unit described under the sections
titled, "Process Description" and "Emissions."
The test method consisted of extraction of the flue gas sample by
means of a gas collection bottle. A standard pitot plus thermometer was used
to establish a stack gas flow rate.
Data Qualification
The reported hydrocarbon gaseous emissions resulting from the incin-
eration of the described sewage waste applies to the installation as described
above. The 195 million gallons per day (MMGD) sewage treatment plant tested
serves a metropolitan area characterized by single family, multiple dwelling
(apartments) and light industry (electronics, Pharmaceuticals, etc.). Single
family and multiple dwelling unit type sewage dominates the effluent. The
sewage effluent entering the treatment plant definitely characterizes the
emissions of an incinerator combusting bar screen waste. Consideration must
be given to the make-up of material screened and incinerated when using pro-
file 5-O1-Q05.
5-01-7 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 5-01-OO5
St»-ID UASTE. GOVERNMENT. INCINERATOR
BAR SCREEN HASTE INCINERATOR
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE:
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O122
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
MOLECULAR PERCENT PERCENT
HEIGHT HEIGHT VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 43203
2 43203
3 43201
4 43202
5 43201
ETHYLENE
PROPVLENE
BENZENE
TOTAL
28. 09 8. 70 5. 61 2 OLEFIN
42. 08 .30 .22 2 OLEFIN
16.04 BO. 4O 90. 73 6 METHANE
30. 07 2. 7O 1. 63 7 NON-REACTIVE
78.11 7. 7O 1.79 7 NON-REACTIVE
100. 00 100. 00
IP
•
O
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION S
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
.OO
2B. 38
.OO
.OO
.OO
16.04
55.21
.OO
9. 2O
. OO
. OO
. OO
BO. 4O
10.40
.OO
5.83
.OO
.OO
.OO
9O. 75
3.42
5 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
18. 11
10O. 00 10O. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA «REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 5-O1-OO5-99. 5-O2-OO5-99.
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
5-03-005-99
KI
O
O
I
Ui
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Considine, D. M., (ed), "Chemical and Process Technology Encyclopedia,"
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974.
3. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II, KVB,
Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
5.01-9 26200-795
-------
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS
6-01 RESIDENTIAL FUEL
6-06 GASOLINE FUEL
6-07 DIESEL FUEL
6-11 MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
6-13 MISCELLANEOUS BURNING
6-35 SOLVENT USE
6-47 GEOGENIC
6-49 SOLID WASTE
-------
6-01 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, FUEL USE
6-01-005 RESIDENTIAL—NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION
Process Description
Natural gas has become one of the major fuels used for home heating
in many parts of the country. The primary component of natural gas is methane,
with varying amounts of ethane and smaller amounts of nitrogen, helium, and
carbon dioxide.
Natural gas fired residential heating units generally use an atmos-
pheric injection type burner. Common excess air rates range from ten to fif-
teen percent.
Emissions '
Modern residential natural gas fired home heating units have been
designed to the point where essentially complete combustion does take place.
However, even though natural gas is considered to be a relatively clean fuel,
some emissions can occur from the combustion reaction. For example, improper
operating conditions, including poor mixing, insufficient air, etc., may
eause large amounts of smoke, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons to be produced.
6 3
AP-42 presents an 8.0 lbs/10 ft (as CH4) emission factor for natural
gas combustion, for both domestic and commarcial heating. Also, a population
based emission factor of 0.16 tons per 1000 people was developed by KVB based
6 3
on the 8.0 lbs/10 ft (as CH ) emission factor and the reported residential
natural gas consumption for the California South Coast Air Basin population
(Rsf. 2).
Profile 4-01-005 presents the volatile organic compounds emitted
from a natural gai fired home hsating unit (R@f. 2) .
Control!
Modern burner equipment has generally b@tn perfected to the point where
all common fuels can be burned without causing excessive discharges of the
products ©f incomplete combustion. This is basically accomplished through the
proper combination of burner and fuel coupled with a proper operation and
maintenance program.
6801-1 . 26200-795
-------
Control of volatile organic compounds, which in natural gas fired
equipment is considered to be negligible, would therefore basically amount to
improving the combustion efficiency of the unit.
2
Profile Basis
Profile 6-01-005 is based on a hydrocarbon grab sample taken from the
exhaust vent of a 125,000 Btu/hr, atmospheric injection type burner, resi-
dential natural gas space heating unit. A glass gas collecting bottle was
used to contain the flue gas sample.
Data Qualification
Details on the development of the 8 lbs/10 ft (as CH.) hydrocarbon
emission factor is discussed in AP-42 (Ref. 1).
Profile &-01-005 may be used to characterize the volatile organic
compounds emitted from a typical residential .natural gas fired space
heating unit.
6.01-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE £-01-005
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS,
NATURAL GAS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL:
RESIDENTIAL FUEL
III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0195
NONE
LINE SARDAD
NO. CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
PERCENT
VOLUME
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
43201
METHANE
TOTAL
16. 04
1OO. OO
10O. OO
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
METHANE
i
U)
0 COMPOUNDS
0 COMPOUNDS
O COMPOUNDS
0 COMPOUNDS
0 COMPOUNDS
1 COMPOUNDS
0 COMPOUNDS
OF CLASSIFICATION 1
OF CLASSIFICATION 2
OF CLASSIFICATION 3
OF CLASSIFICATION 4
OF CLASSIFICATION 5
OF CLASSIFICATION 6
OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
16.
16.
00
00
00
00
00
04
00
04
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
100. OO
. 00
10O. OO
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
.00
1OO. OO
. 00
10O. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: £-01-OO5-OO
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
O
o
I
-J
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Station-
ary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
6.01-4 26200-795
-------
6-06 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GASOLINE ENGINES
6-06-021 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Process --Description
The internal combustion engine in mobile applications is a major
source of air pollutant emissions (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen
oxides). Passenger cars, light duty trucks, and heavy duty trucks comprise
the three main categories of highway vehicles (less motorcycles).
Emissions
Emission control technology has changed both the total mass of hydro-
carbons being emitted from automobiles and the detailed patterns of these
emissions. Vehicle exhaust emissions are determined by the type of control
system used, the type of fuel, ambient temperature and pressure, the vehicle
history, and the driving patterns. Section 3 of AP-42 presents a discussion
on automotive emission factors.
Emissions from automobiles also occur from evaporation of VOC's after
operation (profile ©-06-021F), and from evaporation of the gasoline during
filling of the gas tank (profile 4-06-021G).
Emission control has essentially eliminated emissions from crankcase
4
blow-by in low mileage cars. Proper maintenance of the system eliminates
14
about 98% of the emissions.
Controls
The composition of automobile exhaust is significantly influenced by a control
system. The amount and type of VOC's in pre-emission control automobiles
differ from automobiles with controls. Considerable evidence has been
presented that the type of control system will also affect hydrocarbon
emissions and their pattern. The proportion of methane, having relatively low
potential for the formation of oxidant in atmospheric photochemical reactions
is greater in the exhaust of catalytic converter-equipped automobiles (profile
4-06-021B) than in the exhaust of thermal converter or lean-burn operating
cars (profile 6-06-021C) or pre-emission control cars (profile 6-06-021D).5
6.06-1 26200-795
-------
The catalyst systems also appear to preferentially remove the more
reactive hydrocarbon species. In general, vehicles employing oxidation
catalysts for exhaust hydrocarbon control have a lower percentage of unsatura-
4
ted hydrocarbons than do vehicles without exhaust hydrocarbon control.
Profile Basis
Profile 6-06-021A is a composite of vehicle exhaust emission profiles
for controlled and uncontrolled vehicles. The composite was based upon the
percentage of unleaded gasoline sold in California as representing the usage
of catalyst controlled vehicles (profile &-06-021B) and the percentage of
leaded gasoline, regular and premium (profile £-06-0210) as representing
the usage of uncontrolled vehicles.
Profiles $-06-0218 and C were based on the data found in Reference 3.
The species pattern was averaged for 1972-1977 vehicles with catalyst control
(17 autos) and with lean-burn control (5 autos) burning a 26% aromatic
unleaded fuel. The data which listed 56 different hydrocarbon compounds was
reorganized into 20 classifications and adjusted for aldehydes.
Profiles 4-06-021D and E for exhaust hydrocarbons from uncontrolled
vehicles were based on data found in Reference 10. The profiles for ten 1970
73 automobiles without controls were separated into the type of fuel tested
i.e. a 22% aromatic, leaded fuel corresponding to a premium grade and a 40%
aromatic, unleaded fuel. The species patterns were averaged by weight percent
into nine major classifications, adjusted to include aldehydes, and expanded
into the 21 hydrocarbon species as shown.
Profile 6-06-021F for evaporative emissions is a composite of VOC's
emitted after the vehicle has stopped operation, e.g. vapors from the
carburetor. Profile 4-06-021F is a composite profile of gasoline vapors
lost during the filling of the gas tank.
Data Qualification
Variations in gasoline engine exhaust VOC species occur from vehicle
to vehicle depending upon the type of fuel used, the ambient pressure and
6-06-2 26200-795
-------
temperature, fuel additives, the engine type, the driving pattern, and most
importantly, exhaust controls. Research is ;continuously refining the VOC
emission profiles. The profiles should be used in a manner which best rep--
resents the driving patterns found in the user's geographical region.
6t06'3 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE ^-06-021A
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GASOLINE FUEL, COMPOSITE OF ALL GRADES
LIGHT, HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: COMPOSITE OF CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED VEHICLES
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O329
ON
O
to
cr>
NJ
o
o
LINE SARD AD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
2O
21
43212
43220
43231
43232
43233
43233
43203
43205
43213
43224
43243
431O2
45105
45107
45202
452O3
43S02
432O6
43201
432O2
45201
CHEMICAL
NAME
N-BUTANE
N-PENTANE
N-HEXANE
N-HEPTANE
N-OCTANE
N-NONANE
ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE
BUTENE
1-PENTENE
1-HEXENE
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
TOLUENE
ETHYLBENZENE
FORMALDEHYDE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
58
72
86
100
114.
128.
28
42
56.
7O.
84.
1O6.
134.
120.
92.
1O6.
30.
26.
16.
30.
78.
89.
38.
98.
30.
26.
16.
62.
43.
. 12
13
. 17
. 2O
23
23
O3
O8
1O
13
16
16
21
19
13
16
O3
04
04
O7
11
39
72
64
03
04
04
71
84
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2.
6.
2.
3.
12.
1.
11.
7.
4.
2.
2.
4.
2.
10.
3.
8.
8.
3.
100.
28.
28.
17.
3.
8.
8.
4.
100.
9O
90
30
OO
3O
OO
40
30
40
8O
1O
OO
1O
1O
9O
80
90
70
40
70
80
00
60
00
90
90
70
40
5O
00
PERCENT
VOLUME
2.
4.
1.
1.
4.
17.
7.
3.
1.
1.
1.
5.
5.
14.
22.
1.
2.
99.
14.
31.
O.
5.
14.
22.
3.
99.
19
2O
27
31
72
33
73
61
41
73
09
66
04
79
16
33
68
6O
91
01
14
99
04
61
00
6b
60
91
15
99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: PROFILES FOR CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED VEHICLES
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: rf-O6~O21-OO,
-------
DECEMBER 14. 197B TABLE £-O6-O21B AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. GASOLINE FUEL. UNLEADED 26X AROMATIC
LIGHT . HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: CATALYST
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O32&
0>
•
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
IS
16.
17
IS
19
2O
21
SAROAD
CODE
43212
43220
43231
43232
43233
43235
43203
432O5
43213
43224
43245
451O2
45105
451O7
432O2
45203
435O2
43206
43201
432O2
452O1
CHEMICAL
NAME
N-BUTANE
N-PENTANE
N-HEXANE
N-*«PTANE
N-OCTANE
N-NDNAME
ETHYLESC
PROPYLENE
BOTENE
1-PENTENE
1-tCXENE
ISGKERS OF XYLENE
ISQP5ERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
ISOnERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
TOLUENE
ETHYLBEMZENE
FORMALDEHYDE
ACETYLENE
METHANE
ETHANE
BENZENE
TOTAL
MOLECULAR
HEIGHT
58. 12
72. 15
B6. 17
1O0.2O
114.23
128.25
28.05
42. OB
56. 1O
70. 13
84. 16
106. 16
134. 21
12O. 19
92. 13
1O6. 16
3O. O3
26. O4
16. O4
3O. O7
78. 11
PERCENT
WEIGHT
5. 3O
14. OO
1. 6O
1.90
10. 3O
.60
9. 6O
4. 9O
2. BO
3. 3O
3. SO
3. 3O
. 10
1. BO
B. 3O
. 90
4. SO
4.70
13. 2O
2. 2O
3. OO
1OO. OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
3. 91
7. 98
. 78
. 78
3. 7O
.21
14. O7
4.77
2. O6
1.93
1. 73
1.28
. O4
.62
3. 7O
. 37
6. 17
7.45
33.87
3.00
1.56
99. 98
CU
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
CHEMICAL
OSSIFICATION
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 BO. 53 33. 9O 17. 36
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 4O. 39 24. 1O 24. 56
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 99 16 14. 4O 6. Ol
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 3O. O3 4. SO 6. 17
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 26 O4 4. 7O 7. 45
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. O4 13. 2O 33. 87
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 46. SO 5. SO 4. 56
10
£ 21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 41~1?I 1OO OO 99.98
o
o
I
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA IREF. 3 AND 9)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: A-O6-O21-OO. *-O6-O22-OO. «-O6-O23-OO
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 4-06-021C
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. GASOLINE FUEL. UNLEADED 26% AROMATIC
LIGHT, HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: LEAN-BURN
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O327
ON
O
I
ON
to
O
O
-J
ID
in
LINE
NO.
1
3
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
\l
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
2O
21
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43203 ETHYLENE
432OS PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
43243 1-HEXENE
43102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
431O3 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
45107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
432O2 TOLUENE
452O3 ETHYLBENZENE
43502 FORMALDEHYDE
43206 ACETYLENE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
1OO. 2O
114. 23
128. 23
28. O3
42. 08
56. 10
70. 13
84. 16
1O6. 16
134. 21
120. 19
92. 13
106. 16
3O. 03
26. 04
16. O4
3O. 07
78. 11
83. 45
37.84
98. 62
30. 03
26. 04
16.04
61. 59
47. 39
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3. BO
9. OO
1. 80
2. 20
8. 80
7O
13. 3O
7. 8O
4. 70
2. 8O
3. 3O
4. 70
10
2. 5O
12. 60
. 9O
4. 50
6. 8O
3. 40
. 70
3. 40
100. 00
26. 30
34. 10
20. 80
4. 50
6. 80
3. 40
4. 10
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 3 AND^9>
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 6-O6-O21-OO,
PERCENT
VOLUME
3. 07
3. 9O
. 99
1. 04
3. 63
. 28
26. 1O
8. 73
3. 96
I. 89
1. 84
2. O8
. 05
. 99
6.47
. 42
7. O8
12. 32
10. 00
1. O9
2. 08
10O. 01
14. 91
42. 52
1O. 01
7.08
12. 32
10. OO
3. 17
1OO. 01
ENGINEERING
if
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF
LITERATURE D,
£-O6-O22-OO, O-O6-O23-OO
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE £-O6-O21D
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. GASOLINE FUEL. LEADED PREMIUM
LIGHT, HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
22% AROMATI
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0328
NONE
o
c^
i
NJ
O
o
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43235 N-NONANE
43203 ETHYLENE
432O5 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
43245 1-HEXENE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
45105 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
58. 12
72. 15
B6. 17
too. 20
114. 23
128. 25
28. 05
42. 08
56. 10
70. 13
84. 16
1O6. 16
134. 21
14 45107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 120. 19
15
16
17
SB
19
20
21
NOTES:
452O2 TOLUENE
452O3 ETHYLBENZENE
43502 FORMALDEHYDE
432O6 ACETYLENE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
45201 BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
92. 13
1O6. 16
30.03
26. O4
16. 04
3O. O7
78. 11
91. 25
38. 42
98. 53
3O. O3
26.04
16.04
65. 94
44. 17
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2. 3O
5. 8O
2. 6O
3. 2O
12. 6O
1. OO
11. 70
7. 70
4. 6O
2. 70
1. SO
4. 2O
. 1O
2. 20
11. 30
. 8O
3. 80
9. 30
7. 7O
. 5O
3. 90
10O. OO
27. 70
28. 50
18. 60
3. 80
9. 30
7. 7O
4. 4O
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 3, 9
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
0-06-021 -OO,
AND 1O)
PERCENT
VOLUME
1. 9O
3. 33
1. 32
1. 41
4. 83
. 33
18. 40
8. O8
3. 62
1. 72
. 93
1. 77
. O4
. 79
5. 43
. 33
5. 60
15. 75
21. 18
. 73
2. 21
99. 98
13. 36
32. 75
8. 38
5. 60
15. 75
21. 18
2. 96
99. 98
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
ENGINEERING
rf-06-022-00. £-06-
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
023-OO
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE f-06-021E
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GASOLINE FUEL, UNLEADED 40X AROMATIC
LIGHT. HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0335
NONE
O
ON
I
CO
(SJ
o
o
Ul
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
IS
19
20
21
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43212 N-BUTANE
43220 N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43203 ETHYLENE
432OS PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
4324S 1-HEXENE
4S1O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
451 OS ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
431O7 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
45202 TOLUENE
45203 ETHYLBENZENE
435O2 FORMALDEHYDE
43206 ACETYLENE
43201 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
38. 12
72. 15
86. 17
1OO. 20
114. 23
128. 23
28. O3
42. O8
56. 1O
7O. 13
84. 16
1O6. 16
134. 21
12O. 19
92. 13
106. 16
30. O3
26. O4
16. O4
30. 07
78. 11
SB. 93
37. 86
98. 63
30. O3
26. O4
16. 04
69. 57
49. 4O
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2. 20
5. 3O
1. 8O
2. 3O
8. 9O
. 7O
9. 2O
3. 10
3. OO
1. 8O
1. 6O
7. BO
. 2O
4. 2O
21. 10
1. 3O
4. 5O
7. 9O
5. 8O
. 40
4. 7O
1OO. 00
21. 20
2O. 7O
34. SO
4. 50
7.90
5. 80
5. 10
1OO. OO
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 3, f
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: «-O6-O21-OO,
PERCENT
VOLUME
1. 87
3.65
1. O3
1. 13
3. 84
. 3O
16. 16
5. 96
2. 66
1.28
. 94
3. 65
. 10
1. 72
11. 28
. 69
7. 39
14. 93
17. 83
. 64
2. 96
1OO. Ol
11. 82
27. 00
17. 44
7.39
14. 93
17. 83
3. 60
1OO. 01
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
6
7
7
ENGINEERING
AND 10)
«-O6-O22-OO. »-O6-O23-
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF
OO
LITERATURE D,
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE £-O6-O21F
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. EVAPORATION
LIGHT. HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O336
NONE
cr>
•
o
i
to
cn
to
o
o
-j
u>
cn
LINE
NO.
1
Z
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
SAROAD
CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43235 N-NONANE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
451O2 ISOMERS
451O4 ISOMERS
45105 ISOMERS
431O7 ISOMERS
452O2 TOLUENE
432O2 ETHANE
432O1 BENZENE
8 COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
5 COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
O COMPOUNDS OF
2 COMPOUNDS OF
OF XYLENE
OF ETHYLTOLUENE
OF BUTYLBENZENE
OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
TOTAL
CLASSIFICATION 1
CLASSIFICATION 2
CLASSIFICATION 3
CLASSIFICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION 5
CLASSIFICATION 6
CLASSIFICATION 7
17 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
NOTES:
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44.
58.
58.
72.
86.
1OO.
114.
128.
56.
7O.
1O6.
120.
134.
12O.
92.
3O.
78.
69.
66.
1O1.
69.
7O.
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE
B. REFERENCES
C. APPLICABLE
O9
12
12
15
17
20
23
25
1O
13
16
19
21
19
13
O7
11
22
45
89
OO
OO
OO
63
O4
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1.
19.
6.
39.
13.
2.
2.
1.
6.
1.
2.
1.
100.
86.
8.
4.
.
1.
1OO.
8O
7O
6O
4O
50
80
OO
2O
BO
3O
6O
5O
1O
4O
1O
1O
10
00
OO
1O
7O
00
OO
OO
20
OO
SURVEY DATA
: LITERATURE DATA
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 6-O6-O21G
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GASOLINE VAPOR.
LIGHT, HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: II
COMPOSITE
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O337
NONE
O
ON
I
cr>
to
o
o
i
^i
VO
Ui
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43204 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43233 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
431O4 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE
43103 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. 09
38. 12
58. 12
72. 13
86. 17
100. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
56. 10
70. 13
106. 16
12O. 19
134. 21
43107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 12O. 19
4S2O2 TOLUENE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
9 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
17 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
92. 13
78, 11
88. 75
67. 85
108. 50
.00
.00
. 00
78. 11
94.40
PERCENT
WEIGHT
. 10
2. 20
. 30
12. 2O
16. 3O
9. 30
10. 1O
1. 80
2. 6O
. 40
2. SO
13. 3O
6. SO
4. 40
3. SO
9. 7O
2. 40
100. 00
55. 10
2. 90
39. 60
. 00
.00
.00
2. 40
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 7)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: £-O6-O21-OO,
PERCENT
VOLUME
. 19
3. 59
. 85
15. 96
17. 85
8. 78
8. 31
1. 32
1. 7O
. 66
3. 4O
11. 99
5. 1O
3. 12
4. 34
9. 92
2. 93
100. 01
58. 55
4.06
34. 47
.OO
. OO
.OO
2.93
100. 01
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
2 OLEFIN
2 OLEFIN
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
7 NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
^-06-O22-OO, ^-06-023-00
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC AP-42, August 1977.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I &
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
-. 3. Black, F. and High, L. , "Automotive Hydrocarbon Emission Patterns and
the Measurements of Non-methane Hydrocarbon Emission Rates," Society
of Automotive Engineers, Paper No. 770144, February 28-March 4, 1977.
4. Black, F., "The Impact of Emission Control Technology on Passenger Car
Hydrocarbon Emission Rates and Patterns," International Conference
on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and its Control Proceeding: Volume
II, Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/3-77-001b, January 1977.
5. Black, F. M. and Bradow, R. L. , "Patterns of Hydrocarbon Emissions
from 1975 Production Cars," Environmental Protection Agency.
6. Black, F., Personal Communication to EPA, Mobile Source Group, December
1978, "Unknowns" in profile split 80% paraffin and 20% olefin.
7. Mayrsohn, H. and Crabtree, J., Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons, California Air Resources Board, March 1975.
8. Mayrsohn, H. and Crabtree, J., Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric
Hdyrocarbons, California Air Resources Board, July 1975.
9. U.S. Bureau of Mines, "Aldehydes and Reactive Organic Emissions from
Motor Vehicles, Part I - Advanced Automotive Control Systems Vehicles,"
EPA-IAG-0188(D), March 1973.
10. U.S. Bureau of Mines, "Aldehyde and Reactive Organic Emissions from
Motor Vehicles, Part II - Characterization of Emissions from 1970
through 1973 Model Vehicles, MSPCP-IAG-001, March 1973.
11. Powers, T. R. , "Effect of Hydrocarbon Composition on Oxidant-Hydro-
carbon Relationships, Phase I. Exhaust Blends from Non-Catalytic
and Catalyst Equipped Vehicles," EPA 600/3-77-109a. September 1977.
12. Ashby, H. A., et al., "Vehicle Emissions Summer to Winter," Society
of Automotive Engineers, Paper No. 741053, October 21-25, 1974.
6.06-11 26200-795
-------
13. Koehl, N. J. , "Mathematical Models for Prediction of Fuel Tank and
Carburetor Evaporation Losses," Society of Automotive Engineers,
Paper No. 690506, May 19-23, 1969.
14. Hum, R. W. , Cox, F. W. and Allsup, J. R. , "Effect of Gasoline Addi-^.
tives on Gaseous Emissions, Part II," Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA 600/2-76-026, February 1976.
15. Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., "Accelerated Decay of Non-
Fuel Evaporative Emissions," Task No. 1, Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA-460/3-76-026, August 1976.
16. Crabtree, J., Personal communication to CARE, December 1978, Gasoline
sales in 1974, split 13% unleaded and 87% leaded.
6>06~12 26200-795
-------
6-07 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, DIESEL ENGINES
6-07-021 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Process Description
In comparison with the conventional, "uncontrolled," gasoline-powered,
spark ignited, automotive engine, the uncontrolled diesel automotive engine
is a low pollution power plant. On a grains per mile basis, uncontrolled
diesel engines emit less carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and somewhat less
nitrogen oxides than comparable uncontrolled gasoline engines. A small number
of light duty, diesel-powered vehicles are in use in the United States. In
contrast, a relatively large number of heavy-duty diesel engines used in trucks
and buses are in current use throughout the United States. Diesel engines in
any application demonstrate operating principles that are significantly
different from those of the gasoline engine.
Emissions
VOC emission species from diesel engines are generally characterized
by the diesel fuel species. The C -C hydrocarbons result almost entirely
from the combustion process, the cracking of higher molecular weight materials.
The C -C hydrocarbons result from uncombusted fuel, C -C , and
lubricants, C -C . The diesel engine produces far more aldehydes than does
the gasoline engine.
The vapor pressure of diesel fuels under ambient conditions is so low
2
that evaporative emissions can be ignored.
The quantity and scope of diesel exhaust test data is rather limited
when compared with that of gasoline exhaust studies, although presentation of
current test results is scheduled for early 1979 (Ref. 10). An explanation of
light and heavy duty diesel exhaust emission factors and the variables affect-
ing them are presented in AP-42 (Ref. 1).
6.07-1 26200-795
-------
4
Controls
Most of the current diesel exhaust emissions studies are concerned
with emission controls through either engine design or the use of fuel
additives. Catalytic reactors appear to also be a viable control option.
Profile Basis
The development of a composite light and heavy duty diesel powered
vehicle exhaust VOC specie emission profile was based on an engineering
evaluation of pertinent literature (Ref. 2-8). Profile ^-07-021 was based
on data taken from Ref. 7, the weight % average of three diesel engines and
expanded to the 18 hydrocarbon classes utilized. The test data was adjusted
for aldehydes based upon Ref. 8 data. Because diesel VOC emissions closely
relate to the uncombusted fuel burned, it was assumed that C -C followed
the composition of the fuel used, i.e. 66.2% paraffin, 32.5% aromatic and
1.3% olefin. Paraffins C ~c,,n were represented by specie n-pentadecane, and
aromatics C and above were represented by naphtha.
Data Qualification
Variations in diesel engine exhaust VOC specie emission may occur
from vehicle to vehicle depending on such variables as engine size and type,
duty cycle, fuel (aromatic content), and age.
New emissions information is being continually developed and the
profile user should be informed of any significant developments.
6.07-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE f-07-021
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. DIESEL FUEL, 32 X AROMATIC
LIGHT. HEAVY AND OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0330
NONE
o
—I
I
to
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. Black, F. and High, L., "Diesel Hydrocarbon Emission - Particulate
and Gas Phase," Symposium of Diesel Particulate Emission Measurement
and Characterization, May 1978.
3. Springer, K. J. and Baines, T. M., "Emissions from Diesel Versions of
Production Passenger Cars," Society of Automotive Engineers,' Paper
No. 770818, September 26-30, 1977.
4. Cavagnaro, Diane M., "Diesel Exhaust Emission Control for Motor
Vehicles," National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
5. Springer, K., "Investigation of Diesel Powered Vehicle Emissions VII,"
EPA 460/3-76-034, February 1977.
6. Taback, H. J. and Sonnichsen, T. W., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emisions
from Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin—Final
Report, Vol. I & II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
7. Braddock, J. M. and Bradow, R. L., "Emission Patterns of Diesel-
Powered Passenger Cars," Society of Automotive Engineers, Paper No.
750682, June 3-5, 1975.
8. Braddock, J. N. and Gabele, P. A., "Emission Patterns of Diesel-
Powered Passenger Cars—Part II," Society of Automotive Engineers,
Paper No. 770168, Feb. 28 - March 4, 1977.
9. Hare, C. T., "Methodology for Determining Fuel Effects on Diesel
Particulate Emissions," Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-650/2-75-056, March 1975.
10. Black, F., Personal communication to EPA, Mobile Source Group,
December 1978.
6.07-4 26200-795
-------
6-11 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
6-11-061 GASOLINE/DIESEL
Profile Basis
Profile 4-11-061 is a composite of vehicle emissions taken during the
morning rush hour beneath a busy Los Angeles tunnel. The exhaust profile was
derived from a population of about 2000 vehicles (automobiles, trucks, and
buses) accelerating, cruising, and decelerating in the 45-55 mph speed range.
The data was adjusted for aldehydes and methane.
This profile was designed to assist individuals interested in com-
piling approximate highway vehicle VOC specie emissions data based on total
vehicle miles traveled. Total hydrocarbon emission rates (g/mi) can be
calculated based on information contained in Section 3 of AP-42.
6.11-1 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 6-11-061
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, MEASURED VEHICLE MILES
COMPOSITE OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS, EXHAUST EMISSIONS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: COMPOSITE OF CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED VEHICLES
PROCESS MODIFICATION: NONE
KVB PROFILE KEY O325
I
NJ
NJ
O
o
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2O
21
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43212 N-BUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
43232 N-HEPTANE
43233 N-OCTANE
43239 N-NONANE
43238 N-DECANE
432O3 ETHYLENE
432O5 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
43224 1-PENTENE
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
451O4 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE
45105 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
451O7 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE
452O2 TOLUENE
435O2 FORMALDEHYDE
43206 ACETYLENE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
452O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
7 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
58. 12
72. 15
86. 17
100. 2O
114. 23
128. 25
142. 28
28. O5
42. O8
56. 10
70. 13
1O6. 16
12O. 19
134. 21
12O. 19
93. 13
3O. O3
26. 04
16. 04
3O. O7
78. 11
86. 78
38. 50
108. 48
30. 03
26. O4
16.04
61. 41
47. 46
3. 00
7. 5O
6. 90
4. OO
4. 70
1. 4O
2. 4O
6. 4O
2. 9O
3. 1O
2. 6O
1O. 6O
5. 6O
2. 40
5. 4O
7. 4O
4. 5O
5. 2O
11. OO
. 50
2. 5O
1OO. OO
29. 9O
15. 00
31. 40
4. 50
5.20
11. OO
3. 00
10O. 00
PERCENT
VOLUME
2. 47
4. 93
3. 79
1. 9O
1.94
. 52
. 81
1O. 81
3. 27
2. 61
1. 75
4. 74
2. 23
. 85
2. 13
3. 79
7. 11
9. 48
32. 53
. 81
1. 52
99.99
16. 36
18. 44
13. 74
7. 11
9. 48
32. 53
2.33
99.99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
7
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
NON-REACTIVE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF GASOLINE AND
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA
-------
REFERENCES
1. Mayrsohn, H. and Crabtree, J., Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons, California Air Resources Board, March 1975.
2. Mayrsohn, H. and Crabtree, J., Source Reconciliation of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons in the South Coast Air Basin, 1975, California Air
Resources Board, December 1976.
6.H-3 26200-795
-------
6-13 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, FIRES
6-13-081 FOREST FIRES
Process Description
A forest "wildfire" is a large-scale natural combustion process that
consumes various ages, sizes, and types of botanical specimens growing out-
doors in a defined geographical area. Consequently, wildfires are potential
sources of large amounts of air pollutants that should be considered when
trying to relate emissions to air quality.
The size and intensity (or even 'the occurrence) of a wildfire is
directly dependent on such variables as the local meteorological conditions,
the species of trees, and their moisture content, and the weight of consum-
able fuel per acre (fuel loading). Once a fire begins, the dry combustible
material (usually small undergrowth and forest floor litter) is consumed
first, and if the energy release is large and of sufficient duration, the
drying of green, live material occurs with subsequent burning of this mater-
ial as well as the larger dry material. Under proper environmental and fuel
conditions, this process may initiate a chain reaction that results in a
widespread conflagration.
. . 2,3
Emissions
Forest fire emissions are a complex mixture of solids, liquids, and
gases. Carbon dioxide and water vapor constitute over 90% of the total
mass emitted. Emission factors have been reported in the range from 10 to
40 Ib/ton fuel burned depending on fuel and fire type and fuel loading.
Methane, ethylene, and acetylene are the predominant species in the group,
comprising as much as 50% of the total hydrocarbon fraction when determined
by flame ionization detection methods. Lesser amounts of ethane, propane,
propylene, methyl and ethyl acetylene, butene and butane isomers have been
found. For more detailed information on hydrocarbon emission factors to
forest wildfires, consult AP42, Section 11.1, and Reference 3.
Controls
Of course, the most effective means of controlling wildfire emis-
sions is to prevent the occurrence of a forest fire through various means
available to the forest ranger. A frequently used technique for reducing
6.13-1 26200-795
-------
wildfire occurrence is ''prescribed" or hazard reduction" burning. This type
of managed burn involves combustion of litter and underbrush in order to
prevent fuel buildup on the forest floor and thus reduce the danger of a
wildfire. Although some air pollution is generated by this preventative
burning, the net amount is believed to be a relatively smaller quantity than
that produced under a wildfire situation. For more detailed information on
the methods and benefits of prescribed burning, consult Reference 3.
4
Profile Basis
The source of information for the profile originated from a study
(Ref. 4) concerned with the emissions generated from slash burning. Nine
untreated fuel beds were constructed from ponderosa logging slash collected
from the San Bernardino National Forest and burned under lab conditions at
the U.S. Forest Service Fire Laboratory at Riverside, California. Although
small in size, these fuel beds were the equivalent of a 50 ton/acre fuel
loading which is similar in size and distribution to actual logging slash.
Combustion gases were filtered and collected in 250 cc glass cylin-
ders for analysis by chromatography.
The unidentified fraction (25% vol.) is believed to be composed of
organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and heterocyclic compounds. For
more detailed information, consult Reference 4.
Data Qualification
Although these tests were run under laboratory conditions, the fuel
beds constructed are similar in fuel loading and geometry to actual logging
slash areas. Realizing all of the variations that can and do occur in fuel
type and fuel loading from one area to another, this profile is construed
to be the basis from which hydrocarbon emissions from areas where ponderosa
pine predominate. Further research into the effects burning other species
of trees and foliage would have on the present profile would need to be made
if used where this condition does exist.
6.13-2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE £-13-081
AREA SOURCE EMSISSIONS, MISCELLANEOUS BURNING
FORREST FIRES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O307
NONE
00
U>
to
O
O
-J
UD
cn
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4312O ISOMERS OF BUTENE
432O3 ETHYLENE
432Q3 PROPYLENE
43213 BUTENE
432 18 1 , 3-BUTAD I ENE
43223 3-METHYL-l -BUTENE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
72. 15
44. O9
SB. 12
SB. 12
56. 10
28. O5
42. O8
56. 10
54. O9
7O. 14
43OOO UNIDENTIFIED HYDROCARBONS 86. 00
432O6 ACETYLENE
43209 METHYLACETYLENE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
6 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
15 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
26. 04
40. 06
16. O4
3O. O7
1 52. 92
2 31. 11
3 . OO
4 . 00
5 62. 73
6 16. O4
7 30. O7
37. 81
PERCENT
WEIGHT
. IS
. 35
. 24
. 11
. 92
19. 11
3. 93
. 81
. 52
. 17
44. 59
8. 40
. 41
9. 82
10. 47
100. 00
. 85
25. 46
. 00
. 00
53. 40
9. 82
1O. 47
100 00
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
PERCENT
VOLUME
. O8
. 31
. 15
. O8
. 62
26. 2O
3. 58
. 54
. 38
. O8
19. 97
12. 43
. 38
23. S3
13. 39
101. 74
. 62
31.40
. 00
.OO
32. 78
23. 55
13.39
101. 74
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
6
7
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
OLEFIN
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE DATA (REF. 4)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
: £-13-081-00
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Compilation of Pollutant Emission Factors," Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-42, August 1977.
2. McMahon, C. K. and Ryan P. W., "Some Chemical and Physical Character-
istics of Emissions from Forest Fires," paper presented at 69th APCA
Meeting, Portland, OR, June 27 - July 1, 1976.
3. Southern Forestry Smoke Management Guidebook, by Southern Forest
Fire Laboratory personnel, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station,
Asheville, NC, and Southern Forest Fire Laboratory, Macon, Georgia,
December 1977.
4. Sandberg, D. V. et al., "Emissions from Slash Burning and the Influ-
ence of Flame Retardant Chemicals," J. Air Poll Cont Assoc, Vol. 25,
No. 3, March 1975.
6.13-4 29200-795
-------
6-35 AREA SOURCE EMISSION, SOLVENT USE
6-35-103 ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS
1
Process Description
Architectural coatings are paints and other coatings that are applied
to stationary surfaces, structures, and their appurtenances. Architectural
coatings include air-dried coatings that are applied by spray, brush, or
roller to surfaces and structures such as buildings, pavements, or curbs, but
do not include industrial coatings, which are generally applied by a wider
variety of methods, commonly oven cured, and used on items made in factories.
The major users of architectural coatings are homeowners and painting contractors.
„ • • 1'2
Emissions
When architectural coatings are applied with solvents, the solvents must
evaporate into the atmosphere so that the coating can form a film or barrier.
The evaporation of these solvents along with the associated use of solvents for
thinning and cleaning up generate organic solvent emissions that represent a
substantial portion of all organic vapors present in a community's atmosphere
and therefore are a significant area source of VOC emissions.
An estimate of these emissions from work performed in Southern
California for 1976 is 3.5 tons/1000 people/year (Refs. 1 and 2). In
Southern California the emission of solvent vapors has been controlled since
1967 (see SCAQMD Rule 442, formerly 'Rule 66). Use of the above emission
factor for other areas may result in a low estimate of emissions. For further
information consult Reference 3 and 4.
2
Controls
In order to control emissions from architectural coatings the only
practical means is to change coating formulations to reduce the amount of
solvent in the formulation or to use solvents including water.
In California it was estimated that if waterborne architectural coatings
were to be used exclusively in place of high-solvent architectural coatings
the emissions could be reduced by up to 70% (Ref. 2) .
6.35-1 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis
The basis for the emission profile presented in Table G-35-103 was
an architectural coating study conducted by the San Diego County, California,
APCD which is summarized in Reference 5. The APCD determined by questionnaire
the total amount of individual solvents used in architectural coatings in San
Diego County for the year 1974-75. The VOC's listed in Table 4-35-103 and
their percent composition was taken directly from the results of that
investigation.
Data Qualification
As discussed above this profile was based on a study of the Southern
California area. Some care should be exercised in using this profile in
areas of the country where solvent emission controls are not practiced.
6'35"2 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 6-35-103
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. SOLVENT USE
ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATINGS. COMPOSITE
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O196
NONE
Ln
(jO
NJ
cn
ro
o
o
I
-j
LINE SAROAD
NO. CODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
2O
21
43231
43248
451 02
452O2
452O3
43551
43392
43339
43360
433O1
433O2
433O4
43303
433O6
43369
43370
43433
43446
434 SO
43431
43432
CHEMICAL
NAME
N-HEXANE
CYCLOHEXANE
ISOMERS OF XYLENE
TOLUENE
ETHYLBENZENE
ACETONE
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
METHYL ALCOHOL
ETHYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
PROPYLENE 6LYCOL
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
N-BUTYL ACETATE
ISOBUTYL ACETATE
D I METH YLFOR MAM I DE
ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
TOTAL
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86.
84.
1O6.
92.
106.
58.
72.
1OO.
1OO.
32.
46.
60.
74.
74.
76.
62.
116.
116.
73.
144.
132.
85.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
3 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
4 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
12 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
99.
69.
66.
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
21 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
76.
17
16
16
13
16
O8
1O
16
16
O4
O7
09
12
12
OO
07
16
16
O9
21
OO
15
OO
72
33
O8
OO
OO
68
PERCENT
WEIGHT
20.
2O.
2.
3.
4.
3.
3.
3.
16.
1.
2.
1.
6.
1.
100.
41.
12.
10.
36.
100.
7O
7O
60
2O
30
20
60
7O
6O
9O
6O
4O
6O
6O
8O
6O
3O
3O
3O
1O
30
00
4O
OO
1O
10
4O
00
OO
OO
PERCENT
VOLUME
18.
18.
1.
4.
3.
4.
3.
9.
2O.
1.
1.
3.
,
99.
37.
9.
11.
42.
.
99.
36
82
91
28
14
21
97
34
46
33
99
89
68
61
84
77
68
99
34
21
77
99
18
OO
33
IB
3O
00
00
99
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
5
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: SAN DIEGO COUNTY APCD SOURCE DATA QUESTIONNAIRES (REF. 5)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: ®-35-lO3-OO
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Status Report on Organic Solvent Regulations," California Air Resources
Board, Staff Report 76-25-4, Nov. 24, 1976.
2. "Consideration of Model Organic Solvent Rule Applicable to Architectural
Coatings," California Air Resources Board, Staff Report 77-14-4, June
29, 1977.
3. Southerland, J. H., et al., "Emission inventory/Factor Workshop,"
Volume II, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, September
13-15, 1977.
4. Danielson, J.A. (ed), "Air Pollution Engineering Manual," U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Research Triangle Park, NC, AP-40, May 1973.
5. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II, KVB,
Inc., June 1978.
6-35-4 26200-795
-------
6-35 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLVENT USE
6-35-702 DOMESTIC, GENERAL
Process Description
Domestic solvents are here defined as any solvent found in products
used around the house, garage, or yard. The following table lists many of
the common domestic products currently in use, percent by weight of solvent,
and the estimated national sales.
NATIONAL DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL SOLVENT SALES
Based on Department of Commerce Data
Estimated National
Sales
Product (106 Ibs)
Furniture Polish
Floor Polish
Shoe Polish
Metal Polish
Shaving Soap
After Shave
Perfumes, Toiletries
& Cosmetics
Shampoo
Hair Tonics
Hair Spray
Hair Rinses
Mouthwash
Creams
Suntan Oil
Hand Lotion
Cleaning Lotions
Rubbing Alcohol
Deodorant
Nail Polish
Nail Polish Remover
TOTAL
53
87
3
8
56
49
17
152
5
210
23
119
74
9
51
23
153
148
1
8
Solvents
(wt. %)
40
40
40
40
5
20
39
10
5
59
5
14
30
50
20
60
100
14
50
90
Total Weight
of Solvents
(106 Ibs)
21
35
1
3
3
10
7
15
0
124
1
17
22
5
10
14
153
21
1
7
469
Reference 1
6.35-5
26200-795
-------
Emissions
The organic emissions from domestic chemical use results from the
vaporization of the low boiling point solvents contained within the product.
The quantity and species of these emissions depends greatly, of course, on the
product used - concentration and composition of solvent in product. A recent
hydrocarbon emissions study (Ref. 1) estimated the organic emissions from
domestic chemical use to be 1.1 tons per 1000 people per year.
Profile 4-35-702 presents a composite estimate of the organic species
eminating from common domestic solvent use.
Profile Basis
The basis for the composite profile of domestic solvent use was an
extensive survey and engineering evaluation of literature data obtained from
major domestic product manufacturers. The population based emission factor
was mainly based on sales data obtained from the Department of Commerce.
Data Qualification
The above mentioned profile and emission factor are intended to be
used to characterize the organic emissions resulting from domestic solvent
use. They are at best approximations and composites of many types and brands
of household chemical products in current use and should be used as such.
A population based emission factor was estimated to best reflect the distri-
bution of these emissions.
6.35-6 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE £-35-702
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLVENT USE
DOMESTIC SOLVENTS, GENERAL
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: IV
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O197
NONE
CO
U1
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43214 ISOBUTANE
431O1 NAPHTHA
433O2 FORMALDEHYDE
43331 ACETONE
433O2 ETHYL ALCOHOL
433O4 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43367 CLYCOL ETHER
43369 PROPYLENE CLYCOL
43433 N-BUTYL ACETATE
TOTAL
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
9 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
3B.
114.
3O.
38.
46.
60.
62.
76.
116.
1 58.
2
3 114.
4 45.
5 54.
6
7
55.
COMPOSITE
12
OO
O3
08
O7
O9
O7
OO
16
12
00
00
32
15
00
OO
46
PERCENT
WEIGHT
3.
4.
1.
36.
38.
8.
3.
1.
100.
5.
4.
2.
88.
100.
3O
3O
6O
4O
90
30
30
2O
30
OO
30
00
50
00
20
00
00
00
SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES
1)
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
3.
2.
1.
1.
44.
33.
7.
2.
100.
5.
2.
2.
90.
1OO.
04 1
22 3
11 4
33 4
4O 3
33 3
43 3
33 3
61 3
00
O4
00
22
44
3O
00
00
00
ENGINEERING
PARAFFIN
AROMATIC
CARBONYL
CARBONYL
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
: $-35-702-00
to
CTi
to
O
O
(J\
-------
Reference
1. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
6.35-8 26200-795
-------
6-35 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLVENT USE
6-35-705 PESTICIDES, GENERAL
Process Description
Pesticides consist of any chemical that is formulated to kill pests
such as insects and rodents. The chemicals used are generally arsenic, maleic
anhydride, or pyridine derivatives in suspension or solution in an organic
solvent (Ref. 1).
Pesticides are commonly available in the form of liquids, aerosols
or powders and are applied by spraying and/or dusting.
2-5
Emissions
Organic air contaminants are emitted from the vaporization of the
solvents used or from the vaporization of the pesticide. An emission factor
of nine tons per 100,000 people per year (Ref. 2) for domestic and commercial
use was developed from information obtained from State Pesticide Use Reports
(Ref. 3-5).
The estimated organic specie emissions from pesticide use is pre-
sented in profile 0-35-705.
Controls
The fugitive organic emissions resulting from the use of common
pesticides can possibly be reduced by:
1. use of higher boiling point solvents, and
2. dusting instead of over spraying and aerosols when possible.
These recommendations may not be feasible or even possible in many
situations due to the effective chemical formulation and corresponding appli-
cation methods necessary to accomplish the desired effect of killing pests.
6.35-9 26200-795
-------
2,3
Profile Basis
Profile 0-35-705 is based on an engineering evaluation of the infor-
mation contained within the State of California Pesticide Use Reports (Ref.
2 and 3).
Data Qualification
The above mentioned profile and emission factor are intended to be
used to characterize the organic emissions resulting from the domestic and
commercial use of common pesticides. They are at best approximations and
composites of many types and brands of pesticides in current use and should
be used with this in mind. A population based emission factor was estimated
to best reflect typical domestic and commercial pesticide use.
6.35-10 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 6-35-7O5
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. SOLVENT USE
PESTICIDES. DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL,
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
COMPOSITE FOR CALIFORNIA
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY OO76
NONE
u>
Ul
I
to
CO
10
o
o
i
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
9
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
431O3 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43113 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43231 N-HEXANE
431O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
43819 METHYLENE BROMIDE
432O1 BENZENE
TOTAL
10 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
14 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
86. 17
98. 19
112. 23
114. OO
72. 13
44. O9
38. 12
38. 12
72. 13
86. 17
106. 16
92. 13
173. 85
78. 11
86.43
. OO
102. 28
.00
173. 85
. OO
78. 11
92. 78
PERCENT
WEIGHT
8. 1O
15. 4O
1. 6O
13. OO
3. 1O
1. SO
4. 4O
1. 4O
3. 2O
3. 7O
13. OO
3. OO
1O. OO
12. 3O
1OO. OO
57. 7O
. 00
2O.OO
.OO
1O. OO
.00
12.30
1OO. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: T. W. SONNICHSEN. KVB ENGINEER (REF.
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
4-35-7O5-98
PERCENT
VOLUME
8. 71
14. 33
1. 3O
12. 23
3.99
3. BO
7. O4
2.22
4. O8
3.99
13.07
3. OO
5. 38
14.64
1OO. OO
61.91
.00
18.07
. OO
5. 38
.00
14.64
100. OO
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
1 PARAFFIN
3 AROMATIC
3 AROMATIC
5 MISCELLANEOUS
7 NON-REACTIVE
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE D
2 AND 3)
on
-------
REFERENCES
1. Considine, D. M. , (ed.)/ "Chemical and Process Technology Encyclopedia,"
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974.
2. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Station-
ary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I and II,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
3. "Pesticide Use Report," Annual 1976, Department of Food and Agri-
culture, Agricultural Chemicals and Food.
4. Personal communication with Dr. Ming-yu Li, University of California
Davis, Department of Food Protection and Toxicology Center.
5. Wiens, F. J., "Reactive Organic Gas Emissions from Pesticide Use in
California," California Air Resources Board, December 1977.
6.35-12 26200-795
-------
6-47 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
6-47-409 FORESTS
Process Description
The release of volatile organic substances through the aerial organs
of plants is a well-known characteristic of the plant world. The prime source
of the terpenes emitted from trees is believed to be the foliage. These
emissions occur in conjunction with a plant's normal photosynthetic and
respiratory exchange of atmospheric gases.
„ • • 1'2
Emissions
Plant species release appreciable amounts of volatile organic
substances to .the atmosphere. The major hydrocarbon terpene compounds
emitted as shown in profile e-47-409 are mono-terpenes (C ) like a-pinene,
3-pinene, limonenes, and the hemiterpene (C,-) isoprene. (Refs. 1 S 2) .
Hydrocarbon emissions rate data provided by Zimmerman (Ref. 2) is
presented in the following table. Local land management agencies and/or
Government Forest Services should be contacted to obtain information on
the type of vegetation and leaf biomass found for the area in question. An
annual HC emission rate per acre per plant species can then be calculated
using the following equation (Ref. 2):
Leaf Active-Dormant
Emission Rate Biomass Period
yg/g.hr X 10 kg/km2 X hrs/yr
X 8.91 X 10 = Ib/acre.plant species.yr
6.47-1 26200-795
-------
TABLE OF FOREST NATURAL EMISSION RATES BASED ON LEAF BIOMASS
Southern
California
Forest Type
(% Composition)
Active
Emission
Rate
yg/g-hr
Dormant
Emission
Rate
yg/g-hr
Leaf
Biomass
105 kg/km2
Annual
Emission
Factor
Ibs/acre•yr
Hardwoods
(60%) Oak
(40%) Maple
6 months
4
1
6 months
0
0
3
3
46
Douglas Fir
11
86
150
Mixed Conifer
(60%) Ponderosa
Pine
(40%) Douglas
Fir
Pines
Pinion Juniper
Brush
(85%) Sagebrush
(10%) Scrub Oak
(5%) Juniper
(Ref. 2
Sagebrush equivalent to mesquite and chaparral in emissions.
2Consult local Forest Service for specific area information. Southern
California, for example, was estimated to have a 6 month active and
6 month dormant period for some species. Leaf biomass for Southern
California was also estimated.
3
1
3
3
-
12
4
3
1.5
0
1.5
3
-
4
0
3
11
11
11
3
_
3
3
3
•~
-
193
70
173
-
-
—
6.47-2
26200-795
-------
Controls
Controls are not applicable to forest emissions.
Profile Basis
The primary source of data on natural emission factors was P. R.
Zimmerman, Washington State University (Ref. 2). Zimmerman, in support of a
national emission assessment, generated emission rates and biomass data based
on tests perfomed in the northwest an'd east coast areas of the U.S. The
values presented in the above table have been adjusted with the aid of Mr.
Zimmerman and the National Forest Service to take into account the conditions
found within Southern California.
Data Qualification
The HC emission factors presented in the above table are representative
of forest conditions located within Southern California. Application of these
values to areas other than Southern California may result in significant
error. References 1 and 2 and local forest services should be consulted for
emission factor data for other areas.
Profile 0-47-409 may be used to characterize the volatile organic
emissions from a forested area.
6.47-3 ?6200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1778
TABLE £-47-409
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
FORESTS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O2O4
NONE
-J
I
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43123 TERPENES 136. 23
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 . 00
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 136. 23
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 . 00
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 . OO
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 . 00
I COMPOUND COMPOSITE 136. 23
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1OO. OO
10O. OO
. OO
100. OO
. OO
. 00
. 00
. 00
. OO
100. 00
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 2)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: 0-47-409-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
1OO. OO 2 OLEFIN
100. OO
.OO
10O. 00
.00
.00
.OO
.OO
.OO
10O. 00
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
10
O
O
I
~J
10
Oi
-------
REFERENCES
1. Rasmussen, R. A., "What do the Hydrocarbons from Trees Contribute
to Air Pollution," Journal of APCA, Vol. 22, No. 7, July 1972.
2. Zimmerman, P. R., "Determination of the Emission Rates of Hydrocarbon
from Indigenous Species of Vegetation in the Tampa/St. Petersburgh
Area," Interim Report for EPA Contract 68-01-4432.
3. Taback, H. J. et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I &
II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
6.47-5 26200-795
-------
6-47 AREA SOURCE EMISSION, GEOCENIC
6-47-411 NATURAL SEEPS
Process Description
Natural seeps mainly consist of gaseous hydrocarbons and evolution
of heavy oil and tar. Diffusion appears to account for the evolution of these
gases and heavy oils.
A crude oil reservoir contains a mixture of water, oil and gas in
the small pore spaces (holes) in the reservoir rock. Initially, the
reservoir holds these fluids under considerable pressure, caused by the
hydrostatic pressure of the ground water. At this pressure a large part of
the gas is dissolved in the oil. These two fluids, the initial (connate)
water and the gas in solution, combine to provide the driving force for
moving the oil on a path of lease resistance through the ground.
„ • • !'2
Emissions
Studies (Ref. 2) conducted to quantify the emissions from two off-
shore seeps in Santa Barbara County rated the largest seep to have an organic
compound emissions of ^6 tons per day. An emission factor per se is not
feasible due to the very nature of such a process. The help of local petro-
leum agencies should be solicited if possible in an attempt to locate and
quantify natural seeps.
In an attempt to speciate these natural seepage emissions, a nearby
oil production field's raw petroleum gas was sampled and analyzed (Ref. 1).
Profile £-47-411 presents the results of this effort.
Controls
The presence of these seeps generally creates a local pollution
problem due to "petroleum odors" and evolution of heavy oil and tar. A
practical form of control is not available.
6.47-6 26200-795
-------
Profile Basis
Samples of raw petroleum gas believed to be representative were obtained
from an oil field near Santa Barbara.
Samples were collected using glass gas collecting bottles and NIOSH
type charcoal tubes.
Data Qualification
Profile 6-47-411 should be used with discretion to represent the
gaseous hydrocarbon emissions from natural seeps until more applicable or
updated information is made available.
6.47-7 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE £-47-411
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
PETROLEUM SEEPS
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0205
NONE
I
oo
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL MOLECULAR
NO. CODE NAME WEIGHT
1 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE 72. IS
2 43204 PROPANE 44. O9
3 43212 N-BUTANE 58. 12
4 43214 ISOBUTANE 98. 12
3 4322O N-PENTANE 72. 15
6 43201 METHANE 16. O4
7 43202 ETHANE 3O. 07
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1 49. 82
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2 . OO
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3 . 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4 00
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5 . OO
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6 16. 04
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7 30. 07
7 COMPOUND COMPOSITE 31. 36
PERCENT
WEIGHT
1. 60
29. 1O
14. OO
6. 4O
1. 20
19. 00
28. 7O
100. 00
52. 30
. 00
00
OO
.00
19.00
28. 70
100. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA (REF. 1)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: rf-47-411-01
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. 69 1 PARAFFIN
20. 70 1 PARAFFIN
7. 36 1 PARAFFIN
3. 43 1 PARAFFIN
. 33 1 PARAFFIN
37. 16 6 METHANE
29. 92 7 NON-REACTIVE
10O. 01
32. 93
.00
. 00
. 00
.00
37. 16
29.92
100. 01
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF GRAB SAMPLE
NJ
cn
to
o
o
-------
REFERENCES
1. Taback, H. J., et al. , "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
2. Harrison, P. R. and Maas, S. J., "Monitoring of Natural Seeps in
the Santa Barbara Channel Off Coal Oil Point," Meteorology Research,
Inc., Report 76-R-1408, March 1976.
6.47-9 KVB 26200-795
-------
6-47 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, GEOGENIC
6-47-429 CITRUS GROVES
Process Description
Studies have shown that significant quanitites of fcerpenes are emitted
as part of the natural biological cycle of citrus trees (Ref. 1). The release
of volatile substances through, the aerial organs of plants is a well-known
characteristic of the plant world (Ref. 2).
Emissions
Emissions occur in conjunction with a plant's normal photosynthetic
and respiratory exchange of atmospheric gases. Freshly exuded bud resins
and oleoresin blisters contribute significant quantities of monoterpenes to
the surrounding air as to leaf, bark and wood tissues undergoing cellularlysis
and decay. The major HC terpene compounds emitted as shown in profile 4-47-429
are monoterpenes (C]_g) like a-pinene, 3-pinene, limonenes, and the hemiterpene
(Cj.) isoprene (Ref. 2,3).
An emission factor of 0.06 tons per year per acre of citrus trees was
proposed by Zimmerman (Ref. 3). An annual emission rate can be calculated by
multiplying the HC emission factor by the acreage of citrus trees contained
within the study area.
Controls
VOC control equipment is not applicable to a citrus grove.
Profile Basis
The primary source of data on citrus grove emissions was Mr. Zimmerman,
Washington State University. Zimmerman, in support of a national emission
assessment, generated emission rates based on tests conducted in the Tampa/
St. Petersburg Area (Ref. 3) .
6.47-10 26200-795
-------
Data Qualifications
The 0.06 tons per year per acre of citrus trees and the corresponding
organic emissions profile may be used in estimating emissions from citrus
crops in general. The EPA should be contacted for any new information gener-
ated since the date of this publication.
6.47-11 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE 6-47-429
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. GEOGENIC
CITRUS GROVES
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY 0199
NONE
LINE SAROAD CHEMICAL
NO. CODE NAME
1 43123 TERPENES
TOTAL
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
1 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR PERCENT
WEIGHT WEIGHT
136. 23
00
136. 23
.00
.00
. OO
. OO
. 00
136. 23
1OO. OO
1OO. OO
.00
100. OO
.00
.00
.00
. 00
.00
1OO. OO
NOTES: A. METHOD. CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA (REF. 3)
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES: a-47-429-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
100. 00 2 OLEFIN
100.00
. OO
100.00
. OO
. OO
.00
. OO
.00
1OO. OO
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF LITERATURE DATA
CTi
to
O
O
I
-J
-------
REFERENCES
1. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol.
I and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
2. Rasmussen, R. A., "What do the Hydrocarbons from Trees Contribute
to Air Pollution, " Journal of APCA, Vol. 22, No. 7.- July 1972.
3. Zimmerman, P. R. , "Determination of the emission Rates of Hydro-
carbons from Indigeneous Species of Vegetation in the Tampa/St.
Petersburg Area," Interim Report for EPA Contract 68-01-4432.
6.47-13 26200-795
-------
6-49 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLID WASTE
6-49-999 SANITARY LANDFILLS
1 2
Process Description '
One long-accepted method for residential and industrial waste dis-
posal has been the use of sanitary landfills. The waste disposed of at
these sites is comprised basically of refuse, domestic garbage, and inert
construction material. Waste is generally laid in layers, compacted and
covered by a thin layer of silt. Several studies (Refs. 1, 2) have shown
that as a result of this procedure, appreciable amounts of methane-rich
gas are generated due to the biological .anaerobic decomposition of these
wastes.
. . 3-5
Emissions
The production rate of landfill gas appears to be highly dependent
on the type of refuse (organic content), moisture content, soil composition
and permeability, and age of the landfill site. Gas production within a
sanitary landfill is caused by the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of
organic material in the presence of moisture. The aerobic state predomi-
nates in new landfills until the consumption of oxygen exceeds the supply,
at which time a transition to an anaerobic state takes place.
Methane gas (CH ) generally first appears after the transition from
an aerobic to anaerobic state has begun. An increase in CH. production with
time can therefore be expected. Methane and carbon dioxide constitute
approximately 99% of the gas emanating from a landfill. Reports on the
quantitative nature of these gases vary widely due to the inherent differ-
ences existing at each site.
An empirical approach for estimating the rate of carbon escape is
presented in a study by the California State Water Quality Control Board
(Ref. 4 ) . Data from this study shows that
177
r =
3.75 + 1.95t
where:
r = rate of carbon escape, Ib/ton refuse*year
t = age of refuse, years
26,200-795
6.49-1
-------
Note that the carbon is released as both methane (CH ) and carbon
dioxide (C09) gas. To use this relationship, a gross estimate of the total
quantity and age of wastes presently "alive" in an area is needed.
For this example, data obtained by KVB (Ref. 5) on Sanitary Landfill
Sites in the California South Coast Air Basin will be used. Over 15 million
tons of liquid and solid wastes are disposed of annually in the 45 major
landfill sites distributed within the Basin. A summary of the resulting
computation using the above formula and the assumed age and quantity of
refuse "alive" in the Basin is given in Table ®-49. It was also assumed, for
the purpose of this example, that the quantity of materials disposed of in
landfills was constant over the last 75 years and was therefore proportional
to the total population within the Basin. As shown in Table 0-49, 90% of
the carbon emissions result from deposits made in the last 25 years. Assum-
ing a 15% conversion by weight of the total carbon emitted is transformed to
methane (Ref. 4), this would represent approximately 340,000 tons per year
or about 930 tons per day of methane as shown in the following calculations.
The calculations performed to obtain the total tons per year of
carbon released available as methane (CH ) are as follows
To obtain the actual weight of methane from carbon
ice r,o-> j_ / /16 ton moles methane\
255,092 tons/yr (12 ton moles carbon ) = 340,123 tons/yr CH4
then, dividing by 365 = 932 tons/day CH .
A more detailed approach utilizing actual field measurements of
landfill gas can be found in Reference 4.
Controls
As can be seen from the previous discussion, sanitary landfills are
significant source of organic compound emissions. Table ^-49-999 presents
the results of samples of landfill gases collected by KVB during its study
for the California Air Resources Board (Ref. 5). As expected, the
6.49-2 26200-795
a
-------
TABLE 4-49. SUMMARY OF COMPUTATION OF TOTAL CARBON
RELEASE FROM ACTIVE LANDFILL SITES DURING 1975*
Period
1970-75
1965-70
1960-65
1955-50
1950-55
1945-50
1940-45
1935-40
1930-35
1925-30
1920-25
1915-20
1910-15
1905-10
1900-05
Total
t/yr
2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
22.5
27.5
32.5
37.5
42.5
47.5
52.5
57.5
62.5
67.5
72.5
r
(lb c/
ton refuse)
20.52
9.63
6.29
4.67
3.72
3.08
2.64
2.30
2.04
1.84
1.67
1.53
1.41
1.31
1.22
% of 1975
Refuse
(based on
population)
98
92
83
70
55
44
35
28
23
18
13
8
4
2
1
Refuse
Quantity
for
Period
(106 tons)
76.3
71.7
64.7
54.5
42.8
34.3
27.3
21.8
17.9
14.0
10.1
6.2
3.1
1.6
0.8
447.1
Total
Carbon
Emissions
in 1975
(106tons)
1566.49
690.14
406.68
254.65
159.38
105.57
71.98
50.17
36.55
25.80
16.91
9.53
4.39
2.04
0.95
3401.23
*Reference 5
hydrocarbon portion of the CO /CH landfill generated gases that
were primarily methane with trace quantities of various other materials.
Considering the appreciable amounts of methane emissions, these trace quan-
tities represent significant sources of organic compounds vented to the
atmosphere in excess of one ton per day.
The control of hydrocarbons emanating from landfills consists of
basically two methods:
1. Extraction plus combustion
2. Extraction, refining, and commercial sale
6.49-3
26200-795
-------
Both forms initially require the extraction of the landfill gas prior to its
entering the atmosphere. A network of underground piping under a slight
vacuum extracts the gas and transfers it to the prescribed control device.
The rate of extraction is dependent on the site's ability to generate CH
gas.
Profile Basis
Duplicate grab samples by gas collection bottles plus charcoal tubes
were made at a Class II sanitary landfill site. This landfill was carefully
selected to be representative of a typical Class .II sanitary landfill site.
Age of the site where the samples were taken was estimated at five to seven
years.
Data Qualification
Profile 6-49-999A applies to Class II sanitary landfill sites
located in semi-arid regions. A Class II sanitary landfill prohibits the
dumping of liquid sewage and hazardous waste material.
6-49'4 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14, 1978
TABLE fc-49-999A
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLID WASTE
LANDFILL SITE, CLASS II
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O202
NONE
VD
I
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
t>
7
B
9
10
11
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
432O4 PROPANE
43212 N-BUTANE
43214 ISOBUTANE
4322O N-PENTANE
43242 CYCLOPENTANE
43123 TERPENES
451 O2 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
432O2 TOLUENE
43817 PERCHLOROETHYLENE
432O1 METHANE
43202 ETHANE
TOTAL
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 1
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 2
2 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 3
O COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 4
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 5
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 6
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION 7
11 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
44. 09
38. 12
98. 12
72. 13
7O. 14
136. 23
1O6. 16
92. 13
165. 83
16. O4
30. O7
60. 68
136. 23
99. 15
.00
165. 83
16. O4
3O. 07
16.23
PERCENT
WEIGHT
10
. 20
. 1O
. 1O
.20
. 1O
. 1O
. 1O
. 3O
98. 6O
. 1O
10O. OO
. 70
. 1O
. 20
. OO
. 30
98. 6O
. 1O
100. 00
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: KVB TEST DATA
C. APPLICABLE SCC CATEGORIES:
(REF. 5)
6-49-999-99
PERCENT CHEMICAL
VOLUME CLASSIFICATION
. O3
. O3
.03
. 02
.03
. O2
. O2
. O2
. O3
99. 69
. O5
100. 01
. 18
. 02
.04
. 00
. 03
99.69
. 05
10O. 01
OC-MS
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
6
7
ANALYSIS
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
PARAFFIN
OLEFIN
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
MISCELLANEOUS
METHANE
NON-REACTIVE
OF GRAB SAMPLES
to
o
o
I
-------
REFERENCES
1. Mery, R. C. and Stone, R., "Sanitary Landfill Behavior in an Aerobic
Environment," Public Works, January 1966.
2. McFarlane, I.e., "Gas Explosion Hazards in Sanitary Landfills,"
Public Works, May 1970.
3. Dair, F. R. and Schwegler, R. E., "Energy Recovery from Landfills,"
Waste Age, March/April 1974.
4. "In-Situ Investigation of Movements of Gases Produced from Decompos-
ing Refuse," Engineering-Sciences, Inc., California State Water
Qualify Control Board Publication No. 31, 1965.
5. Taback, H. J. , et al. , "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," KVB, Inc.,
California Air Resources Board, Final Report, June 1978.
6.49-6 26200-795
-------
6-49 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS, SOLID WASTE
6-49-999 ANIMAL WASTE
Process Description
The decay of animal wastes consists of aerobic and anaerobic phases.
The former occurs throughout excreta decomposition and in the surface drying
of fecal matter. The odoriferous compounds released do not generally contain
mercaptans or sulfides. The latter occurs after a crust has formed over the
manure pile. The bacteria involved in this anaerobic digestion produce the
more foul-smelling components which include sulfurous compounds.
2-S
Emissions
In any animal production system, volatile compounds from decomposing
manure are released into the atmosphere. In some cases these gases have an
adverse effect on the animals themselves or possess such odors as to be
judged a public nuisance.
Results from recent studies (Refs. 2-4) estimated animal wastes TOC
emission factors to be:
. Cattle 440 Ibs TOC/103 head/day*
Chickens 7 "
. Pigs 160
. Horses 229
. Sheep 33
Profile 6-49-999-B presents the organic species (>l%wt) estimated to
be emanating from livestock waste in general (Ref. 5).
Local county or state agricultural reports are useful in obtaining
information on livestock populations.
Controls1"3
The control of organic gases generated from the decomposition of
animal waste in confined areas generally take the form of:
Maintenance of an aerobic environment in the waste-handling
system (Ref. 3)
* TOC—Total Organic Carbon
6-49-7 26200-795
-------
Recovery as a possible energy source (Ref. 2)
Wastelage—process of mixing fresh manure with hay (Ref. 1)
Combustion—catalytic oxidation
—thermal incinerator
—combustion air supply
Alkaline Scrubbing—odor control (Ref. 1)
Profile Basis
The emission factors and profile presented are based on a survey and
engineering evaluation of the literature cited (Refs. 1-5).
Data Qualification
The reported emission factors and corresponding profile may be used
in estimating the total organic emissions from livestock waste in general.
The effects of environmental factors such as rain, heat, and cold, however,
were not considered. Their influence is estimated to be significant in
estimating annual emission rates.
6.49-8 26200-795
-------
DECEMBER 14. 1978
TABLE 6-49-999B
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS. SOLID WASTE
ANIMAL WASTE DECOMPOSITION
DATA CONFIDENCE LEVEL: III
CONTROL DEVICE: NONE
PROCESS MODIFICATION:
KVB PROFILE KEY O203
NONE
LINE
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NOTES:
SAROAD CHEMICAL
CODE NAME
43551 ACETONE
43302 ETHYL ALCOHOL
43304 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
43434 PROPYL ACETATE
43721 ETHYLAMINE
43740 TR I METHYL AMINE
43201 METHANE
432O2 ETHANE
TOTAL
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
0 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
5 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
1 COMPOUNDS OF CLASSIFICATION
8 COMPOUND COMPOSITE
A. METHOD: CALCULATIONS FROM
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
58. 08
46. O7
60. 09
1O2. 13
45. O9
59. 11
16. O4
30. 07
1 . OO
2 . OO
3 . 00
4 58. 08
5 59. 21
6 16. 04
7 30. O7
19.23
PERCENT
WEIGHT
2. OO
2. OO
2. 00
2. 00
1. 00
1. 00
7O. OO
20. 00
1OO. OO
. OO
. OO
. 00
2. OO
8. 00
7O. OO
20. 00
100. OO
COMPOSITE SURVEY DATA
B. REFERENCES: LITERATURE TEST DATA
o
o
I
Ol
-------
REFERENCES
1. Bethea, Robert N. , "Solution for Feedlot Odor Control Problems,"
Journal of ARCA, Vol. 22, No. 10, October 1972.
2. Horton, R. and Hawkes, D., "The Energy and Fertilizer Potential
of Natural Organic Wastes," June 1976.
3. Aschbacher, P. W., "Air Pollution Research Needs Livestock Production
Systems," Journal of APCA, Vol. 23, No. 4, April 1973.
4. Keller, R. M. and Cowherd, C.f "Identification and Measurement of
Atmospheric Organic Emissions from Natural and Quasi-Natural Sources,"
interim report for EPA Contract 68-02-2524, July 1977.
5. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I
and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
6.49-10 26200-795
-------
APPENDIX I
I-A CHEMICAL FILE BY SAROAD CODE
I-B CHEMICAL FILE BY CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
I-C ORGANIC SPECIES BY SOURCES
I-D NEDS SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES
I-E AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES
I-F BOILING POINT RANGE COMPOUNDS
-------
APPENDIX I-A
CHEMICAL FILE BY SAROAD CODE
I-A-1 26200-795
-------
CHEMICAL FILE
SORTED BY THE CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
NO.
SAROAD
CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
MOLECULAR CHEMICAL
WEIGHT CLASSIFICATION
1 43000 UNIDENTIFIED HYDROCARBONS 86. 00 3 MISCELLANEOUS
43105 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
86.17 1 PARAFFIN
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
100. 20 1 PARAFFIN
43107 I50MERS OF OCTANE
114. 23 1 PARAFFIN
431OB ISOMERS OF NONANE
128. 25 1 PARAFFIN
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
142. 28 1 PARAFFIN
43110 ISOMERS OF UNDECANE
196. 30 1 PARAFFIN
43111 ISOMERS OF TRIDECANE
184.36 1 PARAFFIN
43112 ISOMERS OF DODECANE
170. 33 1 PARAFFIN
10 43113 ISOMERS OF TETRADECANE
198. 38 1 PARAFFIN
11 43114 ISOMERS OF PENTADECANE
212.41 1 PARAFFIN
12 43115 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
95. 19 1 PARAFFIN
13 43116 C-8 CYCLOPARAFFINS
112. 23 1 PARAFFIN
14 43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
126. 26 1 PARAFFIN
15 43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
114. 00 1 PARAFFIN
16 43119 LACTOL SPIRITS
114.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
17 43120 ISOMERS OF BUTENE
56. 10 2 OLEFIN
13 43121 ISOMERS OF PENTENE
70. 13 2 OLEFIN
I-A-2
26200-795
-------
19 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
72. 19 1 PARAFFIN
20 43123 TERPENES
136.23 2 OLEFIN
21
43201 METHANE
16. 04 6 METHANE
22 43202 ETHANE
30.07 7 NON-REACTIVE
23
43203 ETHYLENE
28.05 2 OLEFIN
24 43204 PROPANE
44.09 1 PARAFFIN
23 43205 PROPYLENE
42.08 2 OLEFIN
26 43206 ACETYLENE
26. 04 5 MISCELLANEOUS
27 43207 CYCLOPROPANE
42.08 1 PARAFFIN
28 43208 PROPADIENE
40.06 2 OLEFIN
29 43209 METHYLACETYLENE
40. 06 5 MISCELLANEOUS
30 43212 N-BUTANE
58.12 1 PARAFFIN
31
43213 BUTENE
56. 10 2 OLEFIN
32 43214 ISOBUTANE
58.12 1 PARAFFIN
33 43218 1, 3-BUTADIENE
54.09 2 OLEFIN
34 43219 ETHYLACETYLENE
54. 09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
35 43220 N-PENTANE
72. 15 1 PARAFFIN
36 43223 3-METHYL-l-BUTENE
70.14 2 OLEFIN
37 43224 1-PENTENE
70.13 2 OLEFIN
38 43228 2-METHYL-2-BUTENE
70.13 2 OLEFIN
39 43231 N-HEXANE
86.17 1 PARAFFIN
40 43232 N-HEPTANE
100. 20 1 PARAFFIN
I-A-3
26200-795
-------
41
43233 N-OCTANE
114. 23 1 PARAFFIN
42 43233 N-NONANE
128. 25 1 PARAFFIN
43 43238 N-DECANE
142. 28 1 PARAFFIN
44 43241 N-UNDECANE
156. 30 1 PARAFFIN
45 43242 CYCLOPENTANE
70. 14 1 PARAFFIN
43245 1-HEXENE
84.16 2 OLEFIN
47 43248 CYCLOHEXANE
84.16 1 PARAFFIN
48 43255 N-DODECANE
170.33 1 PARAFFIN
49 43258 N-TRIDECANE
184. 36 1 PARAFFIN
50
43259 N-TETRADECANE
198. 38 1 PARAFFIN
51
43260 N-PENTADECANE
212. 41 1 PARAFFIN
52 43261 METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
98. 18 1 PARAFFIN
53
43262 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
84.16 1 PARAFFIN
54 43264 CYCLOHEXANONE
98.15 4 CARBONYL
55 43301 METHYL ALCOHOL
32.04 5 MISCELLANEOUS
56 43302 ETHYL ALCOHOL
46.07 5 MISCELLANEOUS
57 43303 N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
60. 09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
58 43304 ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
60.09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
59 43305 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
74.12 5 MISCELLANEOUS
60 43306 ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
74. 12 5 MISCELLANEOUS
61 43308 BUTYL CELLOSOLVE
102. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
62 43309 TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL
74. 12 5 MISCELLANEOUS
I-A-4
26200-795
-------
63 4331O METHYL CELLOSOLVE
64 43311 CELLOSOLVE
69 43320 DIACETONE ALCOHOL
66 433S1 ETHYL ETHER
67 43367 GLYCOL ETHER
68 43368 GLYCOL
69 43369 PROPYLENE GLYCOL
70 43370 ETHYLENE CLYCOL
71 43390 TETRAHYDROFURAN
72 43404 ACETIC ACID
73 43432 METHYL ACETATE
74 43433 ETHYL ACETATE
79 43434 PROPYL ACETATE
76 43439 N-BUTYL ACETATE
77 43438 ETHYL ACRYLATE
78 43443 CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
79 43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
80 43445 METHYL AMYL ACETATE
81 43446 ISOBUTYL ACETATE
82 43490 DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
83 43491 ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
76.11 5 MISCELLANEOUS
90. 12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
116.16 4 CARBONYL
74.12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 07 5 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 07 9 MISCELLANEOUS
76. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 07 9 MISCELLANEOUS
72. 10 9 MISCELLANEOUS
60. 09 9 MISCELLANEOUS
74. 08 9 MISCELLANEOUS
88. 10 9 MISCELLANEOUS
102.13 9 MISCELLANEOUS
116. 16 9 MISCELLANEOUS
100. 11 9 MISCELLANEOUS
132. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
104. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
140. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
116. 16 9 MISCELLANEOUS
73. 09 9 MISCELLANEOUS
144.21 9 MISCELLANEOUS
84 43492 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE 132. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
I-A-5
26200-795
-------
83 43502 FORMALDEHYDE
3O.
4 CARBONYL
86 43503 ACETALDEHYDE
44. 05 4 CARBONYL
87 43510 BUTYRALDEHYDE
72. 12 4 CARBDNYL
88
43551 ACETONE
58.08 4 CARBONYL
89 43552 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
72. 10 4 CARBONYL
90 43559 METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
100. 16 4 CARBONYL
91 43560 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
100. 16 4 CARBONYL
92 43601 ETHYLENE OXIDE
44. 05 5 MISCELLANEOUS
93 43602 PROPYLENE OXIDE
58. 08 5 MISCELLANEOUS
94 43702 ACETRONITRILE
41.05 7 NON-REACTIVE
95 43704 ACRYLONITRILE
55. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
96 43721 ETHYLAMINE
45.09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
97 43740 TRIMETHYL AMINE
59. 11 5 MISCELLANEOUS
98 43801 METHYL CHLORIDE
50. 49 7 NON-REACTIVE
99 43802 DICHLOROMETHANE
84. 94 5 MISCELLANEOUS
100 43803 CHLOROFORM
119.39 7 NON-REACTIVE
101 43804 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
153. 84 5 MISCELLANEOUS
102 43807 CARBON TETRABROMIDE
331.67 5 MISCELLANEOUS
103 43811 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
137. 37 5 MISCELLANEOUS
104 43812 ETHYL CHLORIDE
64. 52 5 MISCELLANEOUS
105 43813 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
98. 97 5 MISCELLANEOUS
106 43814 1, 1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE
133. 42 7 NON-REACTIVE
I-A-6
26200-795
-------
107 43815 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
99.00 / NUN-KfcACIiVt
108 43B17 PERCHLOROETHYLENE
109 43819 METHYLENE BROMIDE
110 43820 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
111 43821 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
112 43822 TRIMETHYLFLUOROSILANE
113 43B23 DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
114 43824 TRICHLOROETHYLENE
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
129
126
127
128
43860 VINYL CHLORIDE
45101 NAPHTHA
45102 ISOMERS OF XYLENE
45103 DIMETHYLETHYLBENZENE
45104 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE
45105 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
165.83 5 MISCELLANEOUS
173. 89 5 MISCELLANEOUS
131. 66 7 NON-REACTIVE
187. 38 7 NON-REACTIVE
92.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
120.91 5 MISCELLANEOUS
131.40 5 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 50 5 MISCELLANEOUS
114. 00 3 AROMATIC
106.16 3 AROMATIC
134.00 3 AROMATIC
120.19 3 AROMATIC
134.21 3 AROMATIC
45106 ISOMERS OF DIETHYLBENZENE 134. 21 3 AROMATIC
45107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 120.19 3 AROMATIC
45108 ISOMERS OF PROPYLBENZENE
45201 BENZENE
45202 TOLUENE
45203 ETHYLBENZENE
45207 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
45220 STYRENE
120.19 3 AROMATIC
78. 11 7 NON-REACTIVE
92.13 3 AROMATIC
106. 16 3 AROMATIC
120.19 3 AROMATIC
104. 14 3 AROMATIC
I-A-7
26200-795
-------
129 45221 A-METHYLSTYRENE
118. IS 3 AROMATIC
130 45225 1,2, 3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
111. 00 3 AROMATIC
131 45300 PHENOLS
94. 11 5 MISCELLANEOUS
132
45401 XYLENE BASE ACIDS
230. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
133 45801 CHLOROBENZENE
112. 56 3 AROMATIC
134 46201 1,4-DIOXANE
88.12 5 MISCELLANEOUS
I-A-8
26200-795
-------
APPENDIX I-B
CHEMICAL FILE BY CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
I-B-1 26200-795
-------
CHEMICAL FILE
SORTED BY THE CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
NO. SAROAD
CODE
CHEMICAL
NAME
43109 ISOMERS OF HEXANE
43106 ISOMERS OF HEPTANE
43107 ISOMERS OF OCTANE
431OB ISOMERS OF NONANE
43109 ISOMERS OF DECANE
43110 ISOMERS OF UNDECANE
43111 ISOMERS OF TRIDECANE
43112 ISOMERS OF DODECANE
9 43113 ISOMERS OF TETRADECANE
10 43114 ISOMERS OF PENTADECANE
11 43115 C-7 CYCLOPARAFFINS
12 43116 C-B CYCLOPARAFFINS
13 43117 C-9 CYCLOPARAFFINS
14 43118 MINERAL SPIRITS
IS 43204 PROPANE
16 43207 CYCLOPROPANE
17 43212 N-BUTANE
18 43214 ISO-BUTANE
I-B-2
MOLECULAR CHEMICAL
WEIGHT CLASSIFICATION
86. 17 1 PARAFFIN
100. 20 1 PARAFFIN
114. 23 1 PARAFFIN
12B. 29 1 PARAFFIN
142. 2B 1 PARAFFIN
156.30 1 PARAFFIN
1S4. 36 1 PARAFFIN
170. 33 1 PARAFFIN
19B. 38 1 PARAFFIN
212. 41 1 PARAFFIN
9B.19 1 PARAFFIN
112. 23 1 PARAFFIN
126. 26 1 PARAFFIN
114.00 1 PARAFFIN
44. 09 1 PARAFFIN
42.08 1 PARAFFIN
38.12 1 PARAFFIN
58.12 1 PARAFFIN
26200-795
-------
19 43220 N-PENTANE
72. IS 1 PARAFFIN
20 43231 HEXANE
86. 17 1 PARAFFIN
21 43232 HEPTANE
100. 20 1 PARAFFIN
22 43233 OCTANE
114. 23 1 PARAFFIN
23 43235 NONANE
128. 29 1 PARAFFIN
24 43238 N-DECANE
142. 28 1 PARAFFIN
29 43241 UNDECANE
196. 30 1 PARAFFIN
26 43242 CYCLOPENTANE
70.14 1 PARAFFIN
27 43248 CYCLOHEXANE
84.16 1 PARAFFIN
28 43299 N-DODECANE
170.33 1 PARAFFIN
29 43298 N-TRIDECANE
184.36 1 PARAFFIN
30
43299 N-TETRADECANE
198. 38 1 PARAFFIN
31
43260 N-PENTADECANE
212. 41 1 PARAFFIN
32 43261 METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
89.00 1 PARAFFIN
33 43262 METHYLCYCLOPENTANE
84. 16 1 PARAFFIN
34 43120 ISOMERS OF BUTENE
56.10 2 OLEFIN
39 43121 ISOMERS OF PENTENE
70.13 2 OLEFIN
36 43122 ISOMERS OF PENTANE
72. 19 2 OLEFIN
37 43203 ETHYLENE
28.09 3 OLEFIN
38 43209 PROPYLENE
42.OS 2 OLEFIN
39 43208 PROPADIENE
40.06 2 OLEFIN
40
43213 BUTENE
96. 10 2 OLEFIN
I-B-3
26200-795
-------
41 43218 1.3-BUTADIENE
54. 09 2 OLEFIN
42 43223 3-METHYL-l-BUTENE
43 43224 1-PENTENE
44 4322B 2-METHYL-2-BUTENE
43 43245 1-HEXENE
46 45101 NAPHTHA
47 45102 ISOMERS OF XYUENE
48
50
51
52
53
54
53
56
37
58
59
45103 DIMETHYLETHYLBENZENE
49 45104 ISOMERS OF ETHYLTOLUENE
45105 ISOMERS OF BUTYLBENZENE
70. 14 2 OLEFIN
70. 13 2 OLEFIN
70.13 2 OLEFIN
84.16 2 OLEFIN
114.00 3 AROMATIC
106. 16 3 AROMATIC
134.00 3 AROMATIC
120. 19 3 AROMATIC
134. 21 3 AROMATIC
45106 ISOMERS OF DIETHYLBENZENE 134. 21 3 AROMATIC
43107 ISOMERS OF TRIMETHYLBENZENE 120. 19 3 AROMATIC
43108 ISOMERS OF PROPYLBENZENE
43202 TOLUENE
45203 ETHYLBENZENE
45207 1. 3. S-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
43220 STYRENE
45221 A-METHYLSTYRENE
43223 1.2,3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
60 45801 CHLOROBENZENE
61 43264 CYCLOHEXANONE
62 43320 DIACETONE ALCOHOL
120. 19 3 AROMATIC
92. 13 3 AROMATIC
106. 16 3 AROMATIC
120. 19 3 AROMATIC
104.14 3 AROMATIC
118. IS 3 AROMATIC
111.00 3 AROMATIC
112.56 3 AROMATIC
98. 13 4 CARBONYL
116. 16 4 CARBONYL
I-B-4
26200-795
-------
63 435O2 FORMALDEHYDE
64 43903 ACETALDEHYDE
65 43510 BUTYRALDEHYDE
66 43551 ACETONE
67
73
79
84
43552 METHYL ETHYL KETONE
68 435S9 METHYL N-BUTYL KETONE
69 43560 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
70 43000 UNIDENTIFIED HYDROCARBONS
71 43119 LACTOL SPIRITS
72 43123 TERRENES
43206 ACETYLENE
74 43209 METHYLACETYLENE
75 43219 ETHYLACETYLENE
76 43301 METHYL ALCOHOL
77 43302 ETHYL ALCOHOL
78 43303 N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
43304 ISO-PROPYL ALCOHOL
80 43305 N-BUTYL ALCOHOL
81 43306 ISO-BUTYL ALCOHOL
82 43308 BUTYL CELLOSOLVE
83 43309 TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL
43310 METHYL CELLOSOLVE
3O. 03 4 CARBONYL
44.05 4 CARBONYL
72.12 4 CARBONYL
58. 08 4 CARBONYL
72. 10 4 CARBONYL
100. 16 4 CARBONYL
100.16 4 CARBONYL
86.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
114.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
136. 23 5 MISCELLANEOUS
26.04 5 MISCELLANEOUS
40. 06 5 MISCELLANEOUS
54. 09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
32. 04 5 MISCELLANEOUS
46. 07 5 MISCELLANEOUS
60.09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
60. 09 9 MISCELLANEOUS
74. 12 5 MISCELLANEOUS
74.12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
102. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
74. 12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
76. 11 9 MISCELLANEOUS
I-B-5 26200-795
-------
89 43311 CELLOSOLVE
86 43391 ETHYL ETHER
87 43367 OLYCOL ETHER
88 43368 OLYCOL
89 43369 PROPYLENE OLYCOL
90 43370 ETHYLENE OLYCOL
91 43390 TETRAHYDROFURAN
92
94
98
43404 ACETIC ACID
93 43432 METHYL ACETATE
43433 ETHYL ACETATE
99 43434 PROPYL ACETATE
96 43439 N-BUTYL ACETATE
97 43438 ETHYL ACRYLATE
43443 CELLOSOLVE ACETATE
99 43444 ISOPROPYL ACETATE
100 43443 METHYL AMYL ACETATE
101 43446 ISOBUTYL ACETATE
102 43450 DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE
103 43451 ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
104 43452 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
109 43601 ETHYLENE OXIDE
106 43602 PROPYLENE OXIDE
90.12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
74.12 9 MISCELLANEOUS
62. 07 9 MISCELLANEOUS
62.07 9 MISCELLANEOUS
76.00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
62, 07 9 MISCELLANEOUS
72.10 9 MISCELLANEOUS
60.09 9 MISCELLANEOUS
74.08 9 MISCELLANEOUS
88.10 9 MISCELLANEOUS
102. 13 9 MISCELLANEOUS
116.16 9 MISCELLANEOUS
100. 11 9 MISCELLANEOUS
132. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
104. 00 9 MISCELLANEOUS
140. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
116. 16 9 MISCELLANEOUS
73. 09 9 MISCELLANEOUS
144.21 9 MISCELLANEOUS
132. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
44.09 5 MISCELLANEOUS
58.08 9 MISCELLANEOUS
I-B-6
26200-795
-------
07 43704 ACRYLONITRILE
53.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
108 43721 ETHYLAMINE
43.09 3 MISCELLANEOUS
109 43740 TRIMETHYL AMINE
59.11 3 MISCELLANEOUS
110 43802 DICHLOROMETHANE
84.94 3 MISCELLANEOUS
111 43807 CARBON TETRABROMIDE
331.67 3 MISCELLANEOUS
112 43811 TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
137. 37 3 MISCELLANEOUS
113 43812 ETHYL CHLORIDE
64. 32 3 MISCELLANEOUS
114 43813 1, 1-DICHLOROETHANE
98.97 3 MISCELLANEOUS
115 43817 PERCHLOROETHYLENE
163.83 3 MISCELLANEOUS
116 43819 METHYLENE BROMIDE
173. 83 3 MISCELLANEOUS
117 43B22 TRIMETHYLFLUOROSILANE
92.00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
118 43823 DICHLORDIFLUOROMETHANE
120.91 3 MISCELLANEOUS
119 43824 TRICHLOROETHENE
13.14 5 MISCELLANEOUS
120 43860 VINYL CHLORIDE
62. 30 3 MISCELLANEOUS
121 45300 PHENOLS
94.11 5 MISCELLANEOUS
122 45401 XYLENE BASE ACIDS
230. 00 5 MISCELLANEOUS
123 46201 1,4-DIOXANE
88.12 3 MISCELLANEOUS
124 43201 METHANE
16.04 6 METHANE
123 43202 ETHANE
30.07 7 NON-REACTIVE
126 43702 ACETRONITRILE
41.03 7 NON-REACTIVE
127 43801 METHYL CHLORIDE
50. 49 7 NON-REACTIVE
128
43803 CHLOROFORM
119. 39 7 NON-REACTIVE
I-B-7
26200-795
-------
129 43814 1,1, l-TRICHLOROETHANE
133. 42 7 NON-REACTIVE
130 43813 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
99. OO 7 NON-REACTIVE
131 43820 1.1. 2-TRICHLOROETHANE
131.66 7 NON-REACTIVE
132 43821 TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE
187. 38 7 NON-REACTIVE
133
43201 BENZENE
78.11 7 NON-REACTIVE
I-B-8
26200-795
-------
APPENDIX I-C
ORGANIC SPECIES BY SOURCES
Table I-C is a breakdown of the organic species detected during the
KYB, Inc. test program on control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Stationary
Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin. This table lists the
organic specie, its chemical class, the concentration levels found and the
sources that emitted that compound.
I-C-1 26200-795
-------
TABLE I-C-A. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, ALCOHOLS
Name
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
n Butyl Alcohol
Isobutyl Alcohol
Chem.
Class
5
5
5
5
5
"i
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
1 - 100
0.1-10
0.1 - 1.0
1-10
0.1 - 1.0
Source Type
Appliance enamel,
Flexograph. ink,
Landfill , Printed
circuit stripper
«
Appliance enamel,
Flexograph ink
Lithograph ink inlet
to control only
(thermo burner)
Appliance enamel
Appliance enamel
TABLE I-C-B. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, KETONES
Name
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Chem.
Class
4
4
4
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
0.1 - 100'
1 - 100
1 - 10,000
Source Type
Adhesives , Appliance
enamel, Flexograph
Lnk; Landfill gas,
Plastics coalings ,
Power plant combus-
tion, Sewage gas,
Water based paint
Appliance enamel,
Plastics coatings
Magnetic tape
coating
I-C-2
26200-795
-------
TABLE I-S-C. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, ESTERS (ACETATES)
Name
Ethyl Acetate
n Propyl Acetate
Isopropyl Acetate
n Butyl Acetate
Chem.
Class
5
5
5
5
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
0.1 - 10
10 - 100
0.1 - 100
10 - 100
Source Type
Adhesives,
Landfill gas,
Water based paint
Flexograph ink
Flexograph ink
Appliance enamel
I-C-3
26200-795
-------
TABLE I-C-D. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, HALO-COMPOUNDS
Name
Trichloro-fluoro-
me thane
(Freon 11)
Dichloro-dif luoro-
methane '
Methylene Chloride
(dichlorome thane )
1,1, 1-Trichloro-
me thane
(methylchloroform)
Vinyl Chloride
Methyl Chloride
1,2 Dichloro-
ethylene
(Acetylene dichloride)
Perchloroethylene
( tetrachloroethy lene)
Trimethylfluorosilane
Chem.
Class
5
5
5
7
5
7
5
5
5
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
10,000 - 100,000
100,000 - 1,000,000
1 - 10,000
1 - 1,000
0.1 - 1.0
1-10
1-10
0.1 - 1,000
0.1 - 10
Source Type
Refrigerant fill lin<
gas
Refrigerant fill line
gas
Landfill gas,
Lithograph ink,
Printed circuit
stripper solvent,
Rubber masking paint
Metal degreaser
fluid, Printed
circuit stripper
Landfill gas
Printed circuit,
Process Plant
Background
Landfill gas
Adhesive, Appliance
enamel, Landfill
gas, Metal degreaser
fluid , Rubber
masking plant
Steel furnace gases
I-C-4
26200-795
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TABLE I-C«E. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, AROMATICS
Name
Benzene
Toluene
Xylenes
•
Sthylbenxene
,
Chem.
Class
7
3
-
3
3
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
1-10
10 - 100
100 - 1,000
1,000 - 10,000
1-10
10 - 100
100 - 1,000
1,000 - 10,000
1-10
10 - 100
100 - 1,000
1-10
Source Type
Appliance enamel
paint j Automotive
water based paint;
Coke oven gas; Crude
oil, heavy API*, gas
Crude oil, light API
gas; Dip enamel
paint; riexograph
ink; Gasoline;
Lacquer paint.
automotive; Landfill
gas; Natural gas
combustion; Oil
field gas drier;
Oil field sump;
Paving asphalt;
Refinery process
gas; Refinery pump
seal leak; Refinery
sour water;
Re finery stock for
blending; Roofing
tax; Rotogravure
ink; Rubber sol-
vent; Stripper
solvent for printed
circuits; Vinyl
adhesive
Appliance enamel
paint, Automotive
water based paint,
Automotive lacquer
paint, Dip enamel
paint, Flexograph.
ink, Gasoline,
landfill gas,
Natural gas pilot
light combustion,
Process gas com-
bustion, Refinery
blending stock,
Refinery process
gas, Refinery pump
leak, Refinery sour
water, Roofing tar,
Rotogravure ink
Appliance enamel
paint, Chemical
blending process,
Dip enamel paint.
riexograph ink,
Gasoline, r**Af<\i
?u, Refinery blend
•tack, Refinery
pap leak,
Rotogravure ink
Appliance enamel
paint
I-C-5
26200-795
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TABLE I-OF. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, ALDEHYDES
Name
Chem.
Class
Concentrations,
ppm measured
Source Type
Formaldehyde
1 - 100
Combustion Sourcesi
Appliance enamel
oven afterburner,
Gas combustion, Gas
turbine, Lithograph
ink afterburner,
Natural gas 1C
engine, Pilot burner
gas, Power plant
boiler oil, Refinery
CO boiler, Refinery
process heater,
Sewage-sludge gas
burning 1C engine,
Solvent based auto-
motive paint oven
afterburner-cata-
lytic afterburner,
Water based auto-
motive paint after-
burner, Water based
automotive base
coat spray booth,
Water based auto-
motive base coat
fume incinerator
TABLE I-C-G. TEST RESULTS BY SP2CIES, OLEFIN OXIDE
Name
1,4 Dioxane
(Diethylene dioxide
Chem.
Class
5
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
0.1 - 1.0
Source Type
Vapor degreaser
solvent
I-C-6
26200-795
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TABLE I^C-H. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, ACETYLENES
Name
Acetylene
Chem.
Class
5
Concentrations ,
ppm measured
1-10
Source Type
Steel processing
coke ovens,
sintering plant
TABLE I-C-I. TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, CYCLOPARAFFINS
Name
Chem.
Class
Concentrations,
ppm measured
Source Type
Cycloparaffins
1 - 100%
Appliance enamel
paint; Automotive
solvent based
paint, primer, top
coat; Crude oil,
light API0, heavy
API", wet and dry
gases; Dip enamel
paint; Gasoline;
Landfill gas;
Paving asphalt;
Refinery blend
stock; Roofing tar;
Rubber adhesive;
Rubber solvent;
Rotogravure ink
I-C-7
26200-795
-------
TABLE I-C-J, TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, OLEFINS
Name
Chem.
Class
Concentrations,
ppm measured
Source Type
Ethylene
1; ppm to 100%
Appliance enamel
paint; Automotive
paint, solvent
based primer oven,
afterburner; Auto-
motive paint,
solvent based top
coat oven, catalytic
afterburner; Auto-
motive paint, water
based primer oven;
Coke oven gas;
Gasoline; Lithograph
ink catalytic after-
burner; Natural gas;
Paving asphalt;
Refinery process
gas; Roofing tar;
Sewage sludge gas,
1C engines
Propylene
Butene
Pentene, etc.
1 ppm to 100%
Appliance enamel
paint; Automotive
solvent based
primer paint; Coke
oven gas; Crude oil,
heavy APJ° , wet and
dry gas; Flexograph
ink oven; Gasoline;
Landfill gas;
Paving asphalt;
Refinery blend
stock, process gas,
process gas heater;
Sewage gas; Sinter-
ing plant, Steel
mill
Terpenes
10 - 100
Landfill gas
26200-795
-------
TABLE I-C-K. 'TEST RESULTS BY SPECIES, PARAFFINS
Name
Chem.
Class
Concentrations,
_ppm measured
Source Type
Methane
1 ppm to 100%
Ethane
Propane
C1-C3
7
1
Adhesives; Appliance enamel;
Asphalt processing; Automotive
solvent based primer paint oven
and afterburner, top coat oven
catalytic afterburner; Automo-
tive water based basecoat paint,
top coat paint and oven; Coke
oven gas; Crude oil, light API*,
heavy API*, wet gas, dry gaa;
Degreaser, Flexograph ink oven;
Gas turbine, Gasoline; Landfill
gas; Lithograph ink catalytic
afterburner, thezmo afterburner;
Natural gasi Paving asphalt;
Power plants; Refinery fugitives,
process gas, process heaters, CO
boiler; Roofing tar; Rotogravure
ink; Sewage Gas; Stripping
solvent for printed circuits
C. and higher and
their isomers
1 ppm to 100%
Adhesive, vinyl; Appliance enamel
p*±nt; Automotive solvent based
paint, primer, topcoat, catalytic
afterburner, thermo afterburner;
Automotive water based paints,
undercoat, topcoat, ovens, after-
burner incinerator; Automotive
lacquer paint; Cleaning solvent,
Stoddard; Crude oil, light API*,
heavy API*. wet gas, dry gas;
Degxeaser; Flexograph ink oven;
Gasoline; Landfill gas; Litho-
graph afterburners; Paving
asphalt; Refinery blend stock,
process gas, process heater;
Rotogravure ink. Roofing- tar;
Rubber adhesivei Rubber solvent;
Stripper' solvent for printed
circuit board
26200-795
-------
APPENDIX I-D
NEDS SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER source Oassif icatioi
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE PAGE
1/3/76 1
KTMIAeiTC COIL
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3.7.0-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
00|.04
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT
Factors
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
DATE
1/3/76
SUBJECT
0
PAGE
3
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3.7.0-3
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER
SUBJECT
Cedes and Bnission
SECTION
3
DATE
1/3/76
CHAPTER
7'
SUBJECT
0
PAGE
4
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3.7.0-4
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OP COOES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE PAGE
1/3/76 5
KTCIULCOMUITIOH •t
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3.7.0-5
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Btdssion
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION , CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
6
PUT ioi not «e ee " • I ' •
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3.7.0-6
i»HJ (IT «ei«NT|
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT FaCt0r8
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE PAGE
V3/76 7
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnissicn
SUBJECT FaCtOTS
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
V3/76
PTER SUBJECT
1 0
PAGE
8
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT Factors
"•' «0l KOI DC
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
9
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-------
1
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Code? and Bnission
SUBJECT FaCt°rS
SECTION CHAI
3
DATE
1/3/76
»TER SUBJECT
1 0
PAGE
10
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE
1/3/76
PAGE
11
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3.7.o-n
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT FaCt0rS
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
PART tei »o" «e eo UNI
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
12
T »
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3.7.0-12
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT FaCt0rS
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE
V3/76
PAGE
13
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3.7.0-13
-------
I-
ENVIRONMENTAL
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER SOVITOe Clefts'! •'''''•«•»•<<•»!
Oodes and Bnission
SUBJECT V*0**8
M«T 101 NO I NC
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
V3/76
CO U « 1
PTER SUBJECT
1 0
PAGE
14
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3.7.0-14
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION
3
DATE
1/3/76
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
PAGE
15
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3.7.0-15
-------
r
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Clt
Codes and
SUBJECT FaCtorS
PUT 101
tssification
Qnission
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
16
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3.7.0-16
>t«et«T ittii IIT
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT Factors
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
SUBJECT
0
DATE PAGE
1/3/76 17
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT Fac^tXB
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
MOT (01 HOI »C (C U « 1 r
PTER SUBJECT
1 -0
PAGE
18
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3.7.0-18
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT FaCt0rS
SECTION
3
CHAPTER
7
DATE
1/3/76
SUBJECT
0
PAGE
19
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1060
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Btdssion
SUBJECT FaCt0rS
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
20
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3.7.0-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT Actors
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
V3/76
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
21
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-------
I
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Emission
SUBJECT FaCt0r8
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
V3/76
•««' iei not NC ce u » t
F»TER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
22
T 1
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3.7.0-22
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Oodes and Emission
•MDicrr Factors
'••' 101 HOI DC
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
-
CO II • 1 f
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
23
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3.7.0-23
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEDS
CHAPTER Source Classification
Codes and Bnission
SUBJECT FaCtaCS
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
IP ..,,... „..,...... ""' ••" "»" "c to u.i
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
24
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3.7.0-24
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL AIR
DATA BRANCH
VOLUME V.
AEROS MANUAL OF CODES
SECTION NEBS
CHAPTER fiouree £1"Bff1fifflt:ifilr)
Oodfts 4nd Bnlscion
oinicrT PsCtorS
•UHJcCI
M«t MI Ml 1C
SECTION CHA
3
DATE
1/3/76
e» * • i
PTER SUBJECT
7 0
PAGE
25
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3.7.0-25
-------
APPENDIX I-E
AREA SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODES
Area sources of hydrocarbons include industrial area sources, resi-
dential and commercial sources, highway vehicles both as area and line
sources, railroads, river vessels, airports and off-highway mobile
sources.
Table I-E is an expansion of the NEDS Area Source to EIS/P&R User-
Point- ID 13 major categories reported in Section 5 of the "Comprehensive Data
Handling System, Emissions Inventory/Permits and Registration Subsystem
(EIS/P&R) Program Documentation and Users Guide" (EPA-450/3-74-045a, February
1975).
The Area SCC categories that appear after 91308500 have been provided
by the California Air Resources Board for specific profiles included in this
manual. Table I-E is necessarily incomplete because of .the limited number of
area source categories identified to date.
I-E-1 26200-795
-------
Category
Residential Fuel
EIS/P&R
(USER-POINT-ID)
901
Commercial and Insti-
tutional Fuel
902
Industrial Fuel
903
H
I
M
I
O
M
n
5
w
M
M
CO
K)
CTi
M
o
O
I
-J
On-Site Incineration
Open Burning
Gasoline Fuel
Diesel Fuel
904
905
906
907
Fuel/Pollutant Source
Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Distillate Oil
Residual Oil
Natural Gas
Wood
Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Distillate Oil
Residual Oil
Natural Gas
Wood
Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Coke
Distillate Oil
Residual Oil
Natural Gas
Wood
Process Gas
Residential
Industrial
Commercial/Institutional
Residential
Industrial
Cozmercial/Institutional
Light Vehicle
Heavy Vehicle
Off Hiway
Heavy Vehicle
Off Hiway
Rail Locomotive
(AREA) SCC
90100111
90100222
90100330
90100440
90100500
90100600
90200111
90200222
90200330
90200440
90200500
90200600
90300111
90300222
90300700
90300330
90300440
90300500
90300600
90300800
90401100
90401200
90401300
90501100
90501200
90501300
90602100
90602200
90602300
90702200
90702300
90702400
-------
M
I
U)
Category
Aircraft
Vessels
Evaporation
Measured Vehicle Miles
Miscellaneous Dust
Miscellaneous Burning
EIS/P&R
(USER-POINT-ID)
908
909
910
911
912
913
Fuel/Pollutant Source
Military
Civil
Commercial
Anthracite Coal
Diesel Oil
Residual Oil
Gasoline
Solvent Purchased
Gasoline Marketed
Limited Access Roads
Rural Roads
Suburban Roads
Urban Roads
Dirt Roads Traveled
Dirt Air Strips
Construction Land Area
Rock Handling & Storing
Forest Fires
Slash Burning
Frost Control
Structure Fires
Coal Refuse Burning
(AREA) SCC
90803100
90803200
90803300
90900111
90904230
90900440
90904430
91005100
91005200
91106100
91106200
91105300
91106400
91207100
91207200
91207300
91207400
91308100
91308200
91308300
91308400
91308500
-------
EIS/P&R
Category (User-Point-ID) Fuel/Pollutant Source (Area)SCO
Solvent Use - Architectural Surface Coatings 93510300
Domestic Solvents, General 93570200
Pesticides, Domestic & Commercial 93570598
Geogenic - Forests 94740999
Petroleum Seeps 94741101
Citrus Groves 94742999
Solid Waste - Animal Waste 94999998
Landfill Site, Class II 94999999
M
CFi
M
O
O
I
^]
VD
Ul
-------
APPENDIX I-F
BOILING POINT RANGE COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRIAL NAPTHAS (Ref. 1)
Refiners manufacture a large number of liquid hydrocarbon compounds
in a narrow range of boiling points with a high degree of purity from natural
gas and petroleum. The petroleum oils that result from this distillation
process as a group are known as industrial napthas. The term "industrial
napthas" includes solvents, thinners (for example, of the type used in the
paints and varnish industries), and diluents (as used in the manufacture of
Pharmaceuticals and insecticides).
The original industrial naptha from petroleum was a selected naptha
from the straight-run processing of certain crude oils. Today this classi-
fication of petroleum products also contains pentane, hexane, and heptane
produced largely from natural gas and the aromatics—benzene, toluene, and
xylene—now recovered from petroleum by modern refining methods.
As stated earlier, industrial napthas are a group of liquid hydro-
carbon compounds produced by the distillation of petroleum over selected
boiling point ranges. The liquid hydrocarbon compounds that result from
this selective distillation by refiners are known individually as petroleum
ether, rubber solvent, light spirits, VM&P naptha, mineral spirits, and
Stoddard Solvent. Lactol spirits is a compound made from naptha and lactic
acid (Ref. 2). These compounds are highly complex mixtures of hydrocarbons
produced over a narrow range of boiling points, and except for the relatively
pure compounds of hexane and toluene, do not lend themselves to scientific
classification or speciation. Not only will the different hydrocarbon species
in each boiling point range compound vary from crude to crude, from refinery
to refinery and from operator to operator; but the range of variance for
individual species within a boiling point range may be from 0 to 100 percent,
again depending on these variables.
I-F-1 26200-795
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For these reasons, KVB has elected not to provide a species break-
down for the boiling point range compounds known as I) naphtha,, 2) minera,!
spirits, 3) lactol spirits, and 4) Stoddard Solvent. The net result is
that these compounds appear as a specie themselves and have not been further
broken down into their individual components. However, there are two profiles
which do provide a speciation for two of these compounds as used in specific
processes. Profile 4-01-001 B lists the species for Stoddard solvent and
profile 4-02-006 J lists the species for mineral spirits. The speciation
for these compounds, however, should be used with discretion for the reasons
discussed above.
26200-795
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REFERENCES
1. Bland, W. F., and Davidson, R. L., "Petroleum Processing Handbook,"
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967.
2. Stecher, P. G., et al., "The Merck Index," an Encyclopedia of
Chemicals and Drugs, Merck & Co., Inc., 1968.
I-F-3 26200-795
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APPENDIX II
EMISSION PROFILE DEVELOPMENT
-------
APPENDIX II
EMISSION PROFILE DEVELOPMENT
BY MEANS OF FIELD TESTS, INDUSTRY QUESTIONNAIRES
AND LITERATURE DATA
DESCRIPTION
A unique aspect of the KVB HC Test Program was the development of
emission profiles, the identification of the organic compound species
represented by the total hydrocarbon emission rates currently given in
emission measurements. Only one other study (Ref. II-l) had previously
attempted a breakdown into generic classes. That was done primarily for the
purpose of dividing emissions into reactivity classes. The results of that
previous study have been widely used in the California Sauth Coast Air Basin.
The primary objective of the KVB test program was to identify the
organic compound emissions for each stationary source type in the Basin and
develop a data management system capable of applying this information to the
total hydrocarbon emissions in order to calculate the emissions of the
individual organic compounds. Thus an emission profile was formulated for
each Source Classification Code (SCO emitting organic compound species in
the Basin. Both point and area sources were included. In certain instances
a further breakdown was made into individual industries identified by Standard
Industrial Codes (SIC).
Another objective of the KVB test program was to predict future emis-
sion trends. Satisfying this objective required emission profiles based on
SCC number rather than individual plant profiles based on individual plant
characteristics. All plant devices identified by the same SCC and SIC number
were given the same emission profile. Conversely, it was important that
profiles be truly represetnative of the device in general. Additional
advantages of developing aggregate profiles by SCC number were that:
(1) estimations based on larger data samples were more statistically reliable
than single data samples, (2) the profiles were compatible with the EIS
II-l 26200-795
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concept by describing devices by the SCC number system, and (3) the volume
of profile data was reduced to a more manageable level.
The initial intent was to provide a profile for each SCC listed in
the data base. In many instances, however, an individual profile was found
to cover several SCC and SCC/SIC combinations. The profile data base was
therefore formulated and indexed by a KVB profile number. Separate profile
numbers (with identical specie distributions) were given to specific SCC/SIC
combinations to facilitate data management, specifically the segregation of
emissions from devices with smaller SCC codes in two different industry
classes into the appropriate ARE Application Categories.
In each profile the organic species were initially identified by their
appropriate SAROAD code, ARE reactivity classification (3 class) and molecular
weight. Each profile was also "tagged" with other identifiers to assist
those who may wish to use or evaluate these data. Associated with each
emission profile was an estimate of its relative error. This "Error
Estimate" was strictly subjective and was included to give a relative level
of confidence to the specific profile. No statistical significance
have been or should be given to these error estimates.
The ARE reactivity scheme and Error Estimate reporting formulas have
since, for the purposes of this report, been replaced with a seven group
chemical compound classification system, both of which are discussed in
the introduction. A profile therefore contains a subjective estimate of the
level of confidence in the profile and also lists the SAROAD code, chemical
name and weight percent contribution of each specie. The species are also
summed by the seven group chemical compound classification system.
METHODOLOGY
Two general approaches were used to formulate the emission profiles,
one where only one data point was available to characterize many sources
and another where multiple data points were available. In cases where a
profile was available from only one source and that source was believed
to be representative of all such source types in the Basin, then that
particular source emission profile was used. An appropriate error estimate
was given to reflect the relative confidence level of these data. It was
II-2 26200-795
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anticipated early in the program that a significant number of source types
would fall into this category due to the limited amount of field tests
available. Therefore, test locations were carefully selected on the basis
of the representative nature of their emissions to all other devices of that
particular type. In this way, data from this source could be correctly
applied to other non-tested sources. Similarly, questionnaires were submitted
to and received from selected solvent users. Follow-ups were made to assure
that the data from these large and representative sources were obtained.
Two examples of formulating profiles based on one data point from a
selected source are the following. The first, concerned with the emission
profile typical of residual oil fuel combustion, was obtained by (1) recogniz-
ing that 95% of all residual oil combustion in the Basin occurs in utility
boilers, (2) selecting a boiler that was "typical" of such devices in the
Basin and finally (3) conducting a test on this unit. Multiple samples were
taken and the profile was based on an average composition.
The second example involved the use of data from questionnaires. One
source in the Basin, according to the South Coast Air Quality Management Dis-
trict files, was responsible for 90% of the emissions from adhesive use. A
questionnaire was mailed to this source and follow-up contacts were made to
assure that information from this source was received. The questionnaire
contained a comprehensive breakdown of the solvent formulation and usage which
formed the basis for the emission profile.
This approach of using one analysis to characterize a general source
type also applied to profiles determined by inspection. For example, there
were a few SCC's that specifically identify the solvent used in a coating
operation or housed in a storage tank. In this case, a solvent identified
by its SCC as toluene or xylene would be given an emission profile of 100%
of that organic compound„
The second approach used was to develop emission profiles based on
data from several sources within a particular source type. This involved
(1) acquiring the data, (2) determining the relative magnitudes of each
source compared to the total emissions from the source type, and
II-3 26200-795
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(3) forming a composite profile by factoring the data from each source by
an appropriate weighting factor. In this manner, emission profiles were
developed for individual source types that in actuality represented the
average emissions from sources of that category (SCC number).
An example of this approach was the formulation of a profile for
"Miscellaneous Organic Storage" in the Basin. While SCC numbers had been
assigned to storage tanks for gasoline, jet fuel, crude oil, various solvents,
etc., the miscellaneous category covered all other petroleum products not
listed. The following table presents a summary of the calculation procedures
employed to determine this profile. Listed across the top are the various
organic products identified and the fraction of the emissions from fixed roof
tank storage for each based on information compiled from the SCAQMD file.
Listed down the page are the various organic species that have been identified
in the emissions from these products. The weight percentages of each specie
associated with the product is listed in the appropriate column. The weight
percentage for asphalt and Stoddard solvent were determined from KVB test
data. The adhesive percentages came from questionnaire data. The remainder
of the percentages were specified (e.g. 100% for acetone) or estimated based
on contacts with industry (e.g. the breakdown of alcohols and ketone). The
weight percent of each organic compound in the composite profile was deter-
mined by multiplying the weight percents by the appropriate fractions and
are listed in the right hand side of Table II-l.
Contained within the following three sections are a thorough dis-
cussion of the three sources of information which comprise the basis of all
the developed profiles:
Field Source Test
Solvent Use Questionnaire-, and
. Literature Research
II-4 26200-795
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TABLE II-l.
COMPOSITE PROFILE FOR MISCELLANEOUS PETROLEUM STORAGE
(Fixed Roof Tanks)
H
H
Ul
Product Stored Acetone Adhesive Alcohol Asphalt Perchloroethylene
Fraction of
Emissions 0.163 0.022 0.084 0.078 0.051
Organic Compounds
Acetone 100.0 4.0
Perchloroethylene 100.0
Ethylene
Dichloride
Formaldehyde
HEK
HIBK
Xylene
Toluene 5.6
Ethane 1.0
Ethylene 2.0
Propane 13.0
N-Butane 18.0
I-Butane 8.0
N-Pentane 18.0
I-Pentane
Hexane 84.6 2.0
I-Hexane 12.0
Heptane 14.0
I-Heptane 11.0
I-Octane 1.0
I-Monane
I-Decane
I-Ondecane
Ethyl Acetate 5.8
C-7 Cyclo-
paraffini
Isopropyl Alcohol 40.0
Ethyl Alcohol 30.0
Isobutyl Alcohol 30.0
Ethylene
Dichloride Formaldehyde Ketone Stoddard Xylene Others Composite
0.004 0.004 0.191 0.071 0.057 0.275
16.4
5.1
100.0 0.4
100.0 0.4
65.0 12.4
35.0 6.7
100.0 5.7
31.0 8.6
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.4
0.6
1.4
12.5 3.4
25.0 8.9
0.9
1.1
1.0
0.8 0.1
27.3 1.9
69.4 4.9
2.4 0.2
15.5 4.4
15.5 4.2
3.4
2.6
2.6
KVB 26200-795
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FIELD SOURCE TESTING
Background
The field tests conducted by KVB provided a realistic assessment of
the organic emissions from stationary sources in the California South Coast
Air Basin. In that standardized measurement procedures for organic emissions
were as yet unestablished at the time this study was conducted, KVB felt it
important to obtain a consensus of those active in the field of developing
test plans ;and procedures. The California ARE, EPA, SCAQMD, and Western Oil
& Gas Association (WOGA) were the agencies most involved with this effort.
In all, 618 field samples were taken by KVB and analyzed at Analytical
Research Laboratories Inc. (AKLI) or KVB. All GC/MS analyses of the field
samples were conducted at ARLI who also measured aldehydes and total organic
content (TOC).
The KVB test crew consisted of two engineers and two technicians. On
major tests all four worked together. These major tests required from two to
ten working days at each test site. Occasionally the crew divided into two-
man teams to collect from two to four samples on a special device or process
that could not be obtained during a major test.
Test Methodology
The objectives of the KVB test program were to develop techniques and
equipment as necessary to (1) determine the hydrocarbon emission rate from
both ducted and fugitive sources, (2) collect and preserve representative
samples of these emissions and (3) analyze the samples for their organic
chemical composition. The general approach to emission rate determination was
to either measure the emission rate or to determine it by calculations from
process data or by experiment. From sources with stacks, emissions were
determined by pitot traverse. Various techniques were used on fugitive
emission sources. Where information was available on the amount of organic
material lost from a process, this was used to determine emissions. Where the
I:L-& 26200-795
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emissions were due to leaks or spills or other types of fugitive emissions,
an attempt was made to either measure or estimate those emissions. In some
instances, special experiments were conducted to obtain estimates of emission
rates. An example of the type of experiments that were conducted is the
determination of the amount of solvent which was emitted from an architectural
coating as it was drying or curing. KVB's tests indicated that as much as
30 to 40 percent of the solvent is permanently retained in the paint after it
is cured. Other experiments included emissions from open ponds, asphalt
paving, auto gas tank filling, and domestic solvents.
For analytical purposes, samples of emission gases were collected
in the following type of containers:
glass tubas filled with activated charcoal (NIOSH approved)
borosilicate glass gas collecting bottles
Tedlar bags
glass bulb containing 1% sodium bisulphite solution
(aldehyde determinations)
The charcoal sorbent tubes were used to collect aliphatic organic
compounds with boiling points above that of n-pentane and all other compounds
from C - up. The gas collection bottles and bags were used to collect ali-
phatic compounds with boiling points below that of n-pentane. On most major
sources, a combination of sorbent tubes and either bags or bottles were used.
Bags or bottles were used for the entire compound range when utilized for
grab sampling.
All samples were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass
spectrometry (MS) techniques on a tandem GC/MS apparatus. The bottle or
bag grab samples were introduced directly into the apparatus while the samples
collected on charcoal were first extracted with carbon disulfide. Because of
the survey nature of the program only those GC peaks which contributed at
least 1% of the total hydrocarbons were identified unless a substance of
special importance was suspected to exist in the sample.
II-7 26200-795
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Presented in the following sections are a detailed description of
the field test and laboratory equipment, some explanation for their selection,
the results of test runs using this equipment, and a detailed description of
test procedures and data reduction techniques followed during the program.
Sampling
A. Equipment Description—
1. Sampling train—KVB designed and built two identical portable sampling
units that could:
measure stack gas temperature and velocity
filter out particulates larger than 2 microns
collect samples in sorbent tubes, glass or polybags.
The general flow diagram, Figure II-l, illustrates all components of the
assembly which are available to be swtiched into several sampling modes
to conform to requirements dictated by the source to be tested. The
components are:
a sample nozzle
a filter holder with 2.5 micron pore size glass fiber filter
a filter and line heater and thermostatic control
an impinger train containing LiOH crystals
a borosilicate (Pyrex) gas collection bottle
a sorbent tube train with thermometer and vacuum gauge
a Brooks flowmeter with needle valve flow control
various interior and exterior valves and connectors as
indicated in Figure II-l
a meter connection to PD gas meter
a pressure gauge and pyrometer for use with a pitot tube
The above system was unitized within a portable aluminum closure. Its
interior arrangement permitted significant freedom of directional orienta-
tion for rigging convenience. In addition to the packaged sampling unit/
the following additional test equipment was used during the testing program:
an "S: type pitot tube and a standard pitot for velocity measure-
ments
two thermocouples for stack temperature measurements
H-8 26200-795
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NOZZlG
Pitot-
H
H
I
Heater
[inn-
Heater
Control
jWVW
Flow
Regulator
I /V\AA>|
Heated |
Sorbent
Gas Temp.
Line
Filter
Draft
G.auge
LiOH
Drying
Agent
Gas Collection
Bottle
Grab
| Samplers
co-r
JHXI—i
S or bent-
Tubes'
Gas Stream
Splitting Valve
Flow
Meter
Sorbent
Pressure
Drop
Purqe Line
Pump
Control
System Flow
Throttle
Gas Stream System
Pressure Drop
(Meter Vacuum)
Total Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
Aldehyde
Bulb
Sampler
Vacuum
Source
Gas Meter
Figure II-l.
Complete organic sampling train as set up for a hot combustion
source (> 180 °F) (Mode 1 in Table II-4).
KVB 26200-795
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three dry gas meters
additional glass sorbent tubes containing charcoal sorbent
two Cast vacuum pumps
six Spectrex diaphragm pumps
two squeeze bulb type hand pumps
an Orsat analyzer for CO, CO , 0 , and N determination
a Draeger gas detector with detector tubes
a TLV sniffer wtih recorder (a total hydrocarbon tester
with 0-10,000, 0-1,000, and 0-100 ppm range)
an anemometer
thermometers of various ranges
Typical test setup and configurations are discussed later under sampling
methods.
2. Sampling Train Selection—
a. LiOH Impinger—The lithium hydroxide in the dry impinger train was
selected for use based on experience gained on the Apollo space capsule.
Initially an ice water impinger was considered for moisture, NOx, SOx, and
CO removal. The problem with this approach was that it was felt that the
alcohols and some other oxygenates would be highly water soluble and would
not be easily separated for analysis. (The impinger solution was analyzed
for hydrocarbons.) LiOH was used in the Apollo life support system to adsorb
primarily C02. In the sampling train it neutralized NOx and SOx which would
react with the hydrocarbons and adsorbed most of the condensed moisture.
Furthermore according to Apollo data the LiOH does not adsorb hydrocarbons.
A CS2 extraction and a hydrocarbon analysis were made on the impinger contents
and no hydrocarbons were found.
The probe, filter, line and valves leading to the impinger were
maintained at less than 220 °F. Some light condensation was found downstream
of the impingers in the collection bottles and sorbent tubes but this did not
interfere with the hydrocarbon determinations. The water content of the
exhaust gases was determined using a separate water knockout train, or
aquasorb.
11-10 26200-795
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b. Sorbent—The suitability of several different types of sorbent mate-
rials was investigated. The materials tested included: Tenax GC, Carbosieve
B, activated charcoal, and XAD-2 resin. The criteria observed in the selec-
tion of the sorbent included quantitative retention and recoverability of
every analyte possible. These qualities were dimensionalized by measurement
of breakthrough volumes and recovery efficiencies. Table II-2 presents the
breakthrough volumes of the sorbents (25 °C) for hexane and benzene. These
analytes were considered to represent about the upper limit of materials
that can be analyzed in gas grab samples. Carbosieve B and activated charcoal
showed particularly high retention capacities.
Another important parameter in sorbent selection is the analyte
recovery efficiency. Elevated temperature, thermal stripping (with a purge
gas or in vacuo) or adsorbed components on Tenax, Carbosieve B and XAD-2 was
considered but later rejected because the entire sample must be committed in
a single determination. Recovery efficiencies using the thermal/purge-gas
techniques also showed high molecular weight discrimination (see Table II-3).
TABLE II-2. RETENTION EFFICIENCIES OF VARIOUS SORBENTS
Carbosieve B
Tenax GC
XAD-2 Resin
Activated Charcoal
Breakthrough Volumes,* 1/g sorbent
Benzene Hexane
47
3
12
30
65
1.4
20
43
*Measured as the volume of gas/grams of sorbent in cartridge to
give a 0.1% FID response to gas stream containing 50 ppm of test
component.
11-11
26200-795
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TABLE II-3. RECOVERY EFFICIENCY OF PURGE-THERMAL
STRIPPING OF SELECTED ANALYTES
Benzene
n-C7H16
n-C8H18
n C H
9 20
n-C10H22
n-CllH24
n~C12H26
n~C13H28
n"C14H30
n"C15H32
n-C16H34
TENAX Carbosieve B
% Recovery % Recovery
105
100 11
99 <1
94 <1
72 <1
67 <1
67 <1
58 <1
56 <1
61 <1
46 <1
XAD-2
% Recovery
—
—
— —
_^
62
60
—
—
—
—
—
Solvent stripping for analyte elution preparatory to chromatographic
analysis was investigated. Carbon disulfide (CS ) was found to be an attrac-
tive solvent. Many of the other common solvents, such as methylene chloride
(CH Cl ), chloroform, hexane, benzene, etc., tended to swamp the chromatogram,
obliterating any signals of components that have boiling points even decades
higher.
Unfortunately, it was found that Tenax GC is soluble in CS as well
as in CH^Cl^ Carbosieve B showed poor recoveries with solvents. Testing
was therefore primarily focused on solvent extraction of activated charcoal
with CS2 and XAD-2 resin extraction with CH Cl (CS also dissolved XAD-2).
Table II-4 presents the results. Mueller and Miller (Ref. II-2)
reported similar efficiencies for halogenated and oxygenated hydrocarbons
using charcoal adsorption followed by CS elution. Based on the data they
presented and the precedent set by the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the selection and published (Refs. II-3 to II-5)
characterization of the charcoal/CS2 analysis scheme, the use of coconut-
derived activated charcoal as supplied by Mine Safety Appliances or SKC, Inc.
was selected as the material of choice for source sampling.
H-12 26200-795
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TABLE ,11-4. SORBENT RECOVERY EFFICIENCIES FOR NORMAL
ALKANES USING SOLVENT ELUTION TECHNIQUES
Activated
n-Alkane Charcoal/CS2
n-C6 97
n-C? 98
n-CQ 92
n-Cg 87
n~C10 90
n-Cu 90
n-C12 90
n-C 100+
n-C14 76
Carbosieve XAD-2 Resin/
n //"*o r^u t~* 1
'2 22
<1.0 Solvent
Masked
<1 . 0 Solvent
Masked
<1 . 0 Solvent
Masked
<1.0 Solvent
Masked
<1.0 100+
<1.0 97
3. TLV Sniffer—The Bacharach TLV sniffer was selected for use on this
program to (1) provide a preliminary estimate of total hydrocarbon emissions,
(2) provide an indication of variations in hydrocarbon concentrations in the
exhaust gas due to process changes and (3) assist in the quantifying of fugi-
tive emissions. It also served as indicator check on the results attained by
GC/MS analysis of fuel samples.
The TLV sniffer is an improved version of a lower-explosive-limit
(LEL) detector of combustible organics with an improved sensor and an
accuracy greater than the conventional LEL type instruments. It detects
hydrocarbon emissions and quantitatively records them in ppm as hexane;
however, this read-out can be converted to any specific hydrocarbon or LEL
readings. Because it is fire marshall approved, it can be used in refineries
or other locations where potentially explosive mixtures exist. It incorporates
a contact mass sensor with resistance to catalytic poisonings, an explosion
proof potentiometric recorder output, automatic voltage regulation, meter
display, sampling pump and a rechargeable battery power source. The system
11-13
26200-795
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uses the heat of combustion of the gas-in-air mixture as hydrocarbon sensing.
A relative response curve supplied with the instrument permits quantitative
measurement of some individual gas species,
B. Sampling Method—
1. Train selection—The specific sampling train configuration to be
used on a particular source depended on the following factors:
the classes of organic compounds expected in the emissions
the temperature of the emissions
the water content of the emissions
the type of emission flow (i.e., ducted or fugitive).
Table II-5 indicates the sampling equipment used for 17 different source types.
For each ducted source the universal sampling train presented earlier in the
section titled "Sampling" was adapted as indicated in Table II-5 by the "mode"
numbers one through five. Figures II-l, 1.1-2, and II-3 show the first three
of these different adaption modes. Modes four and five involve the measurement
of fugitive emissions. Figures II-4 through II-7 illustrate the sampling
setups for a typical fugitive source, in this case a petroleum transfer line
valve. In Figures II-4 and li-5 the setups for a cold valve are shown for
two different leak rates while in Figures II-6 and II-7 the setups for a hot
valve (T > 160°F) are shown.
Figure II-l illustrates the train setup for high temperature combus-
tion source sampling. The train filters out particulates at stack temperature,
collects andehydes, collects moisture, NOx, SOx and CO on LiOH in two
impingers, and collects hydrocarbons by entrapment in a bottle and by
adsorption in sorbent tubes.
Figure II-2 illustrates the sample train as used sampling high and
low temperature sources with insignificant water vapor content. The train
filters out particles, collects ahdehydes, and collects hydrocarbons by
entrapment and by adsorption. It records fluctuation in total hydrocarbon
emissions using the TLV sniffer.
11-14 26200-795
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TABLE II-5. TEST AND SAMPLING TRAIN CONFIGURATIONS BY SOURCE TYPES
I-1
Ln
Sampling
Train
Components
, . Heated
Filter and Lines
Unheated
Draeger Gas Indicator
Total Hydrocarbon Instr.
Orsat Analyzer
Aldehyde Bulbs
Impinger, Li OH
Sorbent Tubes *
Gas Collection Bottle *
Bags, Metered Flow
Bags , Rapid Fill
Minimum Sample Nos.
Velocity Measurement
Meter
Cast Pump
Pyrometer (Source T)
Thermometer (Source T)
Psychrometer
Hand or Small Pump
Mode
Type No.
Refinery
Combustion
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5
X
X
X
X
1
1
Fuel
Combustion
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
X
X
X
X
1
2
Waste Disposal
and Burning
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5
X
X
X
X
1
3
Coking
Operation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
X
X
X
X
1
4
Catalytic
Burners
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2x5
X
X
X
X
1
5
Metal (Smelting)
Production
*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
X
X
X
X
1
6
5 O I
Heat Treated
Surface Coating
*
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
7
J R C
Air Dried
Surface Coating
X
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
2
8
; E
Printing
Operations
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
9
T 1
Rubber, Adhesive
Production
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
2
10
C P E
Hydrocarbon
Storage
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
2
11
Degreasing,
Stripping
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
3
12
JJ 01
c a
-H O
-------
Flow
Regulator
Sorbent
Gas Temp.
Gas Collection
Bottle
Samplers
H
H
I
Meter
Sorbent
Pressure
Drop
GPS Stream
Splitting Valve
Pump
Control
System Flow
Throttle
Aldehyde
Bulb
Sampler
_ J
Gas Stream System
Pressure Drop
(Meter Vacuum)
Vacuum
Source
Gas Meter
Total Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
Figure II-2. Organic sampling train configuration for continuous solvent process
related sources of high complexity (Mode 2, Table II-4).
KVB 26200-795
-------
Figure II-3 shows the configuration used in sampling cold solvent
sources such as dry cleaning, degreasing and painting processes. The train
filters particulates, monitors total hydrocarbon emissions fluctuations,
and entraps hydrocarbons in gas collection bottles.
Figures II-4 and II-5 illustrate sampling setup for testing fugitive
emission sources. The rate of emission is measured, total hydrocarbon
concentrations monitored, and gaseous emissions are collected for analysis.
In Figure II-4 the H/C leak rate is so great that the vapors fill the tent
and drive the gas meter. In Figure II-5 a pump is used to draw purified air
through the tent to pick up the emitted H/C vapors.
Figure II-6 and II-7 illustrate test setup for sampling a high
temperature fugitive emission source. In Figure II-6 aluminum foil is
substituted for polyfilm and rates are measured as Figure II-4 or II-5.
When the foil cannot be used the setup in Figure II-7 is used. The temperature
of the source is measured, a grab sample is obtained in a gas collection
bottle, and the concentration of total hydrocarbons is measured. The leak
rate is obtained by applying engineering judgments.
2. Ducted sources--Exhaust gas volumetric flow rates were determined by
measurements using EPA Method #1 described in the Federal Register. These
measurements were checked by material balance calculations if sufficient
source information was available. Before testing, approximation of the
gaseous hydrocarbon concentrations was made utilizing a Draeger gas detector
with specific indicator tubes, or the TLV sniffer or both.
The ducted sources were sampled at an accessible point closest to the
point of average gas velocity. An attempt was made to maintain an isokinetic
sampling rate. Sampling time was adjusted according to hydrocarbon concentra-
tion to avoid breakthrough on the sorbent tube.
The test data and process data were recorded throughout the test. At
the end of the test period the impingers were sealed, labeled and delivered
to the laboratory. The sorbent tubes were removed from the train by discon-
necting the flexible tubings from them, sealed with polyethylene end caps,
H-17 26200-795
-------
Filter
H
H
00
Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
-D&—I
I W Grab
"As ampler
jPurger
Pitot
Draft
Gauye( A p
Gas Stream
Pyrometer
Vacuum
Source
Gas Meter
TP
System
Flow
Throttle
11
0
3
Ft
u
a
Gas Stream
Pr c;siir<=> Dron
fresbure urop
(Meter Vacuum)
System Back Flush
and Purge Line
Figure II-3. Organic sampling train configuration for solvent operations in batch
operations (Mode 3, Table II-4).
KVB 26200-795
-------
4 mil Polyethylene Bag
H
H
I
T °F
Open Top
Surge Bottle
Gas Meter
Seal
("snoop" tested)
O O
Valve
Pump
Compressor
Total Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
J::U
Sample
Bottle
V
Figure II 4. Leak rate and concentration measurement of ambient temperature
fittings. High leak rates. (Mode 4, Table II-4).
KVB 26200-795
-------
4 mil Polyethylene Bag
Flow
Meter
Background Filter
Activated
Charcoal
Silica
Gel
M
i
M
O
Small Pump
(DC/Manual)
J'L
Sur
Hot
\
e
le
Seal
("snoop" tested) Valve
Pump
Compressor
Screw
Clamp
Total Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
Tedlar
Bag or
Bottle
Water
Bubbler
Pressure
Control
o
8
Figure II-5.
Leak rate by dilution sweep and sampling of ambient hydrocarbon fitting.
Low leak rates. (Mode 4, Table H-4) .
KVB 26200-795
-------
Aluminum
Foil Shroud
H
M
KJ
T °F
Seal
("snoop" tested)
Valve
Pump
Compressor
Open Top
Surge Bottle
Gas Meter
o o
Total Hydrocarbon
Analyzer
Sample
Bottle
Figure II-6.
Leak rate measurement and concentration measurement of high temperature
fitting.
KVB 26200-795
-------
°F > 160 °F
to
NJ
Valve Flange Pump Seal
Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer
Squeeze Bulb
or Small DC
Pump
Figure II-7. Hydrocarbon sampling from hot oil or solvent, transfer (Mode 5, Table II-4 .
KVB 26200-795
-------
labeled, identified and placed into a shipping container. The gas collection
bulbs, bottles and-bags were closed, labeled, identified and shipped to the
laboratory for analysis.
Wherever possible, a small sample of the process feed and that of the
product were obtained for analytical determinations, such as evaporation rate
and vapor pressure. These data were used to obtain a material balance.
The TLV sniffer was used to indicate expected or unexpected process
fluctuations.
3. Fugitive sources—The measurement of emission rates for non-ducted or
fugitive emissions required ingenuity on the part of the test crew. As
mentioned earlier, frequently these emissions were estimated or calculated
on process data such as solvent make-up rates or on experimental data such
as evaporation rates or emission factors for petroleum storage tanks. In
certain cases, it was desirable to make selected measurements in order to
estimate total emission rates. The most useful techniques for detecting and
measuring leak rates involve the use of bubbling soap solutions and tenting
with polyfilm sheeting. KVB used this approach in refineries, chemical plants,
etc. where leakage losses could not be readily detected from the process
flow rates.
The approach used was to usually check all of the accessible hydro-
carbon-transfer fittings (valves, flanges, etc.) for signs of leakage (stains,
etc.). Next the fittings were checked with soap solution, Figure II-8.
Fittings showing leakage with soap solution were categorized as to their
estimated leakage rate: low, medium, or high. Depending on the time avail-
able and the number of "leakers", a selected, representative number of leakers
were tented and their emissions measured.
The test setup for measuring leakage rates is shown in Figure II-5.
The small Spectrex pump pulls a low rate of air through the polyfilm envelope.
The air drawn into the envelope is filtered to remove background hydrocarbon
where necessary and is metered with a rotameter as shown. The outlet air
11-23 26200-795
-------
H
NJ
Soap
Bubble
Leak
Detector
Pump Can
Valve, Flange,Pump Seal,Compressor Seal
^— Bubbles indicating source of leak
uu
Figure II-8. Soap bubble detection and temperature evaluation of hydrocarbon fittings.
KVB 26200-795
-------
and hydrocarbon mixture is metered and delivered to the TLV analyzer where
the total hydrocarbon level is measured continuously. When a steady state
has been reached, the TLV analyzer reads a constant ppm level. Readings are
taken for several minutes. Then a Tedlar bag of the emissions is taken.
The total hydrocarbon leak rate is determined by the following calculations:
HC = 1.36xlO~5
where
HC = hydrocarbon leak rate, Ib/hr
PpmTLV = parts per million total hydrocarbon concentration
detected on TLV as hexane
ft = meter reading on gas meter corrected to 60 °F and 29.9 in. Hg,
in cu. ft.
t = time in minutes ft was measured
1.36xlO-5PPm - x x 86 (Mwt. of He.ane)
This calculation was checked with the data from the Tedlar bag. The
volume of emissions collected in the bag and the filling time of the bag was
measured and recorded. The total hydrocarbon content of the bag was determined
by GC analysis in the laboratory as well as the specie breakdown and average
molecular weight. From this information the total hydrocarbon emission rate
was determined to check the results determined by the TLV. The percent
composition determined by GC analysis was used to apportion the total
hydrocarbon emission rate among the various species.
Based on these measured leakage rates, the leakage rates for other
fittings were estimated on the basis of observing their performance during the
soap-solution test. KVB also applied the use of the TLV sniffer to determine
relative total hydrocarbon emissions from these types of fittings. This proved
to be successful and it became particularly valuable for use on hot fittings
and on pump seals.
11-25 26200-795
-------
Sample Analysis
The primary analytical chemistry work on this program was performed
by Analytical Research Laboratories Inc. (ARLI), Monrovia, CA. Their final
report is presented in the appendix of Ref. 5. ARLI assisted KVB in the
design of the sampling train, the selection of a sorbent and the design of a
quality control system. This section is a summary of the equipment and
methods used in analyzing field samples.
Samples received from the field included: 500 ml or 250 ml glass
bottles, Tedlar bags, glass tubes containing charcoal sorbent and 100 ml
flasks containing 1% sodium bisulfite solution. The bottles, bags and
sorbent were analyzed for all organic species while the liquid in the flask
was analyzed only for aldehydes,
Most of the gaseous samples in the bottles and bags were analyzed
within 2-3 days following receipt, except for a small number that were
processed as long as two weeks later. Several tests were made with synthetic
samples to evaluate storage effects on the contents of capped charcoal
sampling tubes. Recoveries did not change, within experimental error,
between 24 hours and 30 days. Therefore, the charcoal samples could stand
for longer periods without fear of losses, and were not usually analyzed until
after the gas samples in the same sets had been analyzed. The charcoal eluates
were usually run within an hour after the carbon disulfide was added to
extract the sample components.
Initial analysis of all samples was conducted using a gas chromato-
graph (GC). Lower boiling component identifications were based on retention
times established by repeated analyses of standards. If there were questions
as to the positive identity of a GC peak,* the sample was rerun using GC/MS
methods for the identification. This approach was often necessary because
Conventional gas chromatograph data are recorded on a strip chart with a
recording pen which moves literally in proportion to the concentration of the
gas being emitted from the GC column. The resultant image on the chart is a
peak-shaped trace whose area is proportional to the quantity of the gas present,
Thus the term peak is used to refer to an indication of a component of the gas
mixture being analyzed.
H-26 26200-795
-------
a number of chromatographic peaks contained at least two and sometimes three
components. The mass spectra also provided a basis for determining ratios
of the components in the GC peak being examined. These data were then used
in making quantitative measurements of the contents of chromatographically
unresolved but computer-integratable peaks. All peaks which contributed at
lease one volume percent of the total organic vapor were identified and
quantified.
A Beckman Model GC-55 equipped with a precision temperature-programmed,
column oven and a flame ionization detector (FID) was used for most of the
GC work performed on the program. The column was 1/8" O.D. by 6 ft. long
stainless steel tubing containing a stationary phase of 100-200 mesh Poropak Q.
Using the analytical conditions described below, this column furnished good
resolution of the lowest boiling materials encountered while still eluting
with good results the higher boiling hydrocarbons representing the top of
the range of interest.
Analyses were performed using helium as the carrier gas at a flow
rate of 30 cc/min. Detector gas flows were: H. - 40 cc/min; air - 300
cc/min. The following conditions were used for GC analyses: 6 min. at 40 °C
followed by temperature programming at 10 °C/min to 190 °C and holding at
190 °C for approximately one hour.
The effluent from the Beckman GO55 gas chromatograph was
split into two streams. One stream was directed to the FID of the GC, the
other to a heated transfer line which carried the stream to a Fllnnigan Jet
Separator and into the mass spectrometer. The separator provided a twenty
fold concentration of the material of interest in the gas stream.
The mass spectrometer used on this program was a Consolidated
Electrodynamics Corporation (CEC) Model 21-104. This was a 180 degree
magnetic sector instrument having an electron impact ion source and an
electron multiplier detector system which permitted moderately high-
speed mass scanning.
11-27 26200-795
-------
Multiple MS scans were taken when a GC signal was observed on the
strip chart recorder. Multiple scan studies indicated that approximately
2 seconds were required for the maxima to be observed by the MS. Multiple
scans were required to insure representative ion pair formation.
Mass spectra were interpreted manually using such reference works
as:
"Compilation of Mass Spectral Data," Cornu, A. and R. Massot,
Heyden & Son, Ltd., London, England, 1966.
"Index of Mass Spectral Data," AMD II, Americal Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1969.
"Eight Peak Index of Mass Spectra," Atomic Weapons Research
Establishment, Aldermaston, England, 1970.
"Atlas of Mass Spectra Data," Stenhagen, E., et al., Inter-
science, New York, NY, 1969.
"API Project 44 Selected Mass Spectra Data," Thermodynamics
Research Center,- Texas A&M University.
When an unknown peak could not be positively identified by this
means, the spectrum was compared with the mass spectra of some 27,000
different compounds in the library of the Cyphernetics Corp. Mass Spectral
Search System. This computerized search system was directly accessible on
a time-shared basis. It was successfully used to verify assignments made
during the earlier work on this program.
A spectrophotometric method similar to that specified by the NIOSH
was used for the determination of aldehydes. The total volume of liquid in
the aldehyde sample flasks was measured, and an aliquot taken for the
determination. The sample was allowed to react with a modified Schiff's
reagent prepared from rosanaline hydrochloride and sodium bisulfite. After
a suitable development time, the adsorbance was read at 580 my against a
reagent blank on a uv-vis spectrophotometer. Concentration was read from
a calibration curve. The same determination was performed on a sample of
the sodium bisulfite used for collecting/stabilizing the aldehydes and a
1 yg/ml formaldehyde standard. Results were calculated and reported as
total micrograms of formaldehyde equivalent in the sample. The minimum
amounts of aldehydes that could be detected by this method were typically
1-3 yg total (as formaldehyde).
11-28 26200-795
-------
Data Reduction
In the field, the total volumetric emissions from a source were
measured. The laboratory analysis provided composition data in the form of
weight of individual specie per unit volume (i.e., yg/ml).
The volumetric measurements of ducted sources were made using EPA
Method 1 as described in the Federal Register, Volume 36, Number 159,
August 17, 1971. Standard conditions used in all calculations were 60 °F
and 29.95 in. of mercury pressure. Gas density correction factors were
based on Chapter 3 of the "Source Testing Manual" published by the Air Pollution
Control District of Los Angeles County, 1972 (now SCAQMD Metro Division).
Combustion source flow rates were measured by Method 1 and checked
using Orsat analysis and combustion calculations based on fuel analysis and
process data pertaining to the source tested. The method used is described
in detail in Section 5.4 of the "Source Testing Manual".
The reported hydrocarbon concentrations were calculated from the
laboratory results as follows:
The hydrocarbon concentration provided by the laboratory was on
a dry, CO -free basis. This was converted to actual moisture and CO
conditions at the source by the relation (page B of Table 3-7),
(100 - W.V. - C02)
CHC ~ (CHC d 100
where,
c = concentration of hydrocarbons at source (actual) conditions,
parts per million by volume
(c ) = concentration of hydrocarbons; dry, CO -free basis, from the
analysis; parts per million by volume
W.V. = water vapor in source gases, percent by volume
CO = carbon dioxide in source gases, stack conditions, percent
by volume
11-29 26200-795
-------
The water vapor concentration was measured during the source test
using an ice water impinger or Aquasorb tube. The carbon dioxide concentra-
tion was obtained from Orsat analysis (dry basis), converting to stack
conditions by multiplying by the factor (1-M.W./100).
The reported emission rate of hydrocarbons was calculated by the
general relation,
= 1.58X10
-7
where,
M
HC
Q
(M.W.)
emission rate of hydrocarbons, pounds per hour
stack gas flow rate, standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM)
molecular weight of hydrocarbon
The 1.58x10 factor came from the following unit analysis:
M.
HC
|lb\
Ihrl -
. .
CHC(PPm)
ppm
60
= C
HC
= 1.58xlO
~7
Q (M.W.)U_ (Ib/hr)
QUALITY CONTROL
A comprehensive quality control program was conducted as an integral
part of the overall organic-emission field tests. The program featured:
1. Calibration of field test instruments with ASTM methods
and NBS standards
2. Frequent response-factor calibration of laboratory
instruments
3. Interlaboratory checks for accuracy
H-30
26200-795
-------
4. Concurrent samples taken from the same source with
separate but identical trains for precision checks
5. Separate total organic content analysis to backup
the GC analysis
6. Unannounced "blanks" of zero gas, calibration gas, etc.
7. An independent QC consulting team.
From the outset KVB engaged the services of three experts in the field
of organic analysis, Drs. James N. Pitts, Jr., Daniel Grosjean and Barbara
Finlaysen-Pitts working as a team from EcoScience Systems Inc. (ESS). This
team participated in the initial evaluation of the sampling equipment and
analytical methodology and defined a quality program with the above mentioned
features. The special QC tests (duplicates, blanks, round robins, etc.)
accounted for approximately 10% of the test budget and afforded an excellent
assessment of measurement error which was as follows:
1. The total hydrocarbon emissions were good to within +_ 25%.
2. Values for the emissions of individual hydrocarbons, however,
were less certain than that for total hydrocarbons.
3. The sum of the errors in sampling and analyses for individual
alkanes probably was in the range of 25-50%.
4. The concentrations of oxygenates, aromatics and halogenates
must be considered lower limits only with the possible error
being a factor of three or more.
In addition to the above numerical assessment ESS concluded, "In
summary then, the most feasible and reliable field sampling and laboratory
analytical techniques were employed in this program to yield accurate source
emissions data. The latter can be confidently applied to the development of
a hydrocarbon emission inventory for stationary sources in the SCAB with
'state-of-the-art' accuracy and precision."
The ESS report is presented in the Appendix. Their report contains
not only a discussion of selected data which lead to the above numerical
error assessment but copies of comparative test data calibration data
report forms documenting blank sample analyses results, etc.
Presented below are some selected data which illustrate the basis
of the conclusions reached by ESS.
11-31 26200-795
-------
Round Robin and Sample Recovery Tests
Before beginning the field tests an analytical program was conducted
to establish assurance in sampling and analysis for stationary pollution
source studies. This included an evaluation of field sampling equipment,
laboratory gas sampling, instrument variability, standardization of gas
chromatographic analysis columns, accuracy and precision of data. To test
these parameters, four calibration gases were procured in "K" bottles from
Precision Gas Products, Inc. including selected (1) aliphatic hydrocarbons,
(2) aromatic hydrocarbons, (3) oxygenated organics and (4) halogenated
organic compounds. Concentrations were specified and controlled by the
KVB program manager who retained certifications until analyses were per-
formed.
Upon receipt of the four "K" bottles, three sets of samples were
prepared in 250 ml gas collection bottles by KVB and delivered to ARLI,
the SCAPCD laboratory in Los Angeles and the ARE laboratory in El Monte.
(Only the aliphatic and aromatic samples were sent to the ARE.) The results
of these analyses are presented in Tables II-5 through II-9. Added to each
standard as a control compound was hexane selected because of its unreactive
nature and low adsorptivity.
Two of the sampling trains shown in Figure--II-1 were used to collect
samples of the four calibration gases using the setup shown in Figure II-9.
Results of the analyses of these samples are compared to other analyses of
these calibration gases using various handling and analysis methods are
presented in Tables 11-10 through H-13 and discussed below.
Recovery studies using the aliphatic hydrocarbon standard indicated
some limitations in sampling or analysis. For example, when the collection
train was used as shown in Case 5 of Table 11-10 32 liters of gas at the
selected flow rate of 3 liter/minute showed a breakthrough of low molecular
weight hydrocarbons on charcoal. This, of course, did not affect sample
collection because the intended use of the adsorbents were for compounds
H-32 26200-795
-------
cc/min
H
H
TRAIN 1
Timer
Figure II-9, Sampling trains in QC test with calibration gas.
KVB 26200-795
-------
TABLE II-6. QUALITY ASSURANCE ALIPHATIC STANDARD
Ml data are reported in ppm in nitrogen.
Compound
Ethylene
Propane
Propylene
1, 3-Butadiene
Isobutane
Hexane
Heptane
Isooctane
Certified
Contents*
51
53
53
51
NR
50
51
50
Analytical Results
ARLI
50
47
57
3#
NR*
50
46
43
SCAPCD
21
27
32
28+
NR
30
24
26
CARB
D§
32
30
28
0.4
40
D
D
*Analytical information prepared by Precision Gas Products Co.
+
Identified as 1-butene
SD = Identified but not quantified (insufficient sample)
#The ARLI recovery of butadiene was significantly below the
certified composition. This was apparently caused during thermal
desorption treatment of the sample bottle and transfer equipment.
SCAPCD and CARB labs are believed not to have heated the sample
bottles.
NR = not reported
11-34
26200-795
-------
TABLE II-7. QUALITY ASSURANCE AROMATIC STANDARD
All data reported in ppm in nitrogen.
Compound
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Chlorobenzene
Hexane
Xylene
Certified
Contents
52
48
49
50
49
NR
Analytical Results
ARLI
50
46
51
51
50
NR
SCAPCD
15
11
5
3
20
3
CARB
34
34
20
NR
35
D
NR = Not reported D = detected but not quantified
TABLE II-8. QUALITY ASSURANCE HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON STANDARD
All data reported in ppm in nitrogen.
Compound
Freon 113
Hexane
Methyl Chloride
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
(Methyl chloroform)
Chloroform
Certified
Contents
48
50
55
50
49
Analytical
ARLI
47
50
48
46
46
Results
SCAPCD
22
5
NR
37
49
NR - Not reported
11-35 26200-795
-------
TABLE II-9. QUALITY ASSURANCE OXYGENATED
ORGANICS STANDARD
All data reported in ppm in nitrogen.
Compound
Methanol
Acetone
Isopropanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(2-Butanone)
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Hexane
Certified
Contents
53
52
NR
51
48
48
Analytical Results
ARLI
4
43
NR
45
42*
50
SCAPCD
NR
7
9
2
20
37
* Identified as 2-hexanone
11-36 26200-795
-------
OJ
-J
TABLE II-IO. RECOVERY STUDIES USING THE ALIPHATIC STANDARD
Analysis by Gas Chromatography - Porapak Q Column Temperature Programmed
Reported as ppm of Component in Nitrogen
Compound
Case 1 Case
2 Case
3 Case 4
Charcoal Tube
Grab Front Back
Ethylene
Propane
Propene
1 , 3-Butadiene
n-Hexane
n- Heptane
Isooctane
(2 Methyl
Total
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3 .
Case 4.
Heptane )
Recovery
51
53
53
51
50
51
50
359
Certified contents
50
47
57
3
50
46
43
296
46
47
48
33
49
49
45
317
33
37
30
8
35
36
34
213
0
14
14
25
46
43
43
185
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Grab
29
32
27
8
33
36
32
197
Case 5
Charcoal Tube
Front Back
0 0
12 8
10 9
24 (0.2)
35 1
44 0
45 0
198
- gravimetric ally prepared.
Glass-Teflon grab sample, GC
during sampling and analysis.
Glass-Teflon
Glass-Teflon
grab
grab
analyzed on receipt; sample
sample - sampled and
sample and
activated
analyzed without
bottle
heating
carbon sorption tube usii
and transfer
during
ig field
lines heated
transfer process.
samp!
Ling train -
first test. 27.7 liters of standard gas sampled.
Case 5. Same sampling conditions as for Case 4 - second test. 32 liters of standard gas sampled.
KVB 26200-795
-------
TABLE 11-11. RECOVERY STUDIES USING THE AROMATIC STANDARD
Analysis by Gas Chromatography - Porapac Q Column Temperature Programmed
Reported as ppm of Component in Nitrogen
Compound
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
n-Hexane 49
Benzene 52
Toluene 48
Ethylbenzene 49
Chlorobenzene 50
Total Recovery 248
50
50
46
51
51
248
40
43
26
23
45
177
Grab
43
47
28
25
48
191
Charcoal Tube
45 + 2
45 + 2
45 +_ 1
46 +_ 1
37 + 1
218 + 2
Grab
44
47
23
20
46
180
Charcoal Tube
45 +_ 3
46 +_ 4
47 +_ 3
49+3
39+3
226 + 3
CJ
00
Case 1. Certified contents - gravimetrically prepared.
Case 2. Glass-Teflon grab sample, GC analyzed on receipt; sample bottle and transfer lines heated
during sampling and analysis.
Case 3. Glass-Teflon grab sample - sampled and analyzed without heating during transfer process.
Case 4. Glass-Teflon grab sample and activated carbon sorption tube using field sampling train -
first test. 30 liters of standard gas sampled.
Case 5. Same sampling conditions as for Case 4 - second test. 28 liters of standard gas sampled.
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TABLE 11-12. RECOVERY STUDIES USING THE HALOCARBON STANDARD
Analyzed by Gas Chromatography - PorapaJc Q Column Temperature Programmed
Reported as ppm of Component in Nitrogen
H
H
1
U>
Compound
Hexane
Methylene chloride
Chloroform
Methylchloroform
(1,1, 1-Trichloroe thane)
Freon 113
(1,1, 2-Trichloro -2,2,1-
Tr i f luoroe thane )
Total Recovery
Case 1
Case 2 Case 3
Case 4 Case
5
Grab Charcoal Tube Grab Charcoal Tube
50
55
49
50
48
252
50 44 33
48 <0.1* <0.1
46 15 28
46 <1 30
47 37 21
237 112
40 38 49 +
<0.1 <0.1 50 +_
19 31 33 +_
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TABLE H-13. RECOVERY STUDIES USING OXYGENATED ORGANICS STANDARD
Analysis by Gas Chromatography - Porapak Q Column Temperature Programmed
Reported as ppm of Component in Nitrogen
Compound
Hexane
Methyl Alcohol
Acetone
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(2-Butanone)
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Total Recovery
Case 1
48
53
52
51
48
252
Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
Grab Charcoal Tube
42 Recovery* * 39
4 Less * <1
43 Than * 25
ppm
45 * 39
Level
42 * 33
176 136
Case 5
Grab Charcoal Tube
* 47
* <1
* 28
* 47
* 39
161
*The oxygenated material could not be displaced from the sampling container without heating because
of adsorption or moisture and absorption.
Case 1. Certified contents - gravimetrically prepared.
Case 2. Glass-Teflon grab sample analyzed by GC on receipt of standard mixture. All transfer lines
and sampling system heated.
Case 3. Same as Case 2 without heating.
Case 4. Glass-Teflon grab sample and activated carbon sorption tube using field sampling train -
first test. 28 liters of standard gas sampled.
Case 5. Same as Case 4, second test. 23.8 liters of standard gas sampled.
KVB 26200-795
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boiling above 80 °F. Low values reported for butadiene seemed to indicate
polymerization or decomposition. The analytical data for Case 2 showed a
recovery of only 3 ppm when the sampling container was heated to approximately
120 °F during transfer to the chromatograph. Case 3 of the gas sample was
transferred to the GC loop without heating (33 ppm of butadiene was recovered).
Because ARLI and the other referee laboratories found approximately 30 ppm
of butadiene in all tests, it can be assumed that the gas phase of the
Precision Gas Standard contains only this amount. Either wall adsorption or
catalytic polymerization within the "K" bottle could explain the difference
between the analyzed and gravimetrically prepared material. The accuracy
observed for sorbent collected hydrocarbons above C was within experimental
error. It was also indicated that heating of the glass grab sample containers
to 100 °F would maximize recovery of the lower hydrocarbons, < C..
Table II- 11 shows the data obtained on the aromatic hydrocarbon gas
standard sample. These data showed that accuracy could be achieved within
the limitations of analytical repeatability. Warming the grab sample bottle
of toluene and ethylbenzene appear to improve the yield. Unexplained
retention of chlorobenzene on the charcoal was observed although 80%
recoveries of higher molecular weight compounds are considered acceptable
by most laboratories and government agencies. No corrections were made
for hydrocarbon sampling to actual and projected stack emissions.
Table 11-12; reflects the analytical studies made on halocarbon gas
mixtures. These data are not consistent with the accuracy and reproducibility
of the hydrocarbon data. It would appear that for the higher molecular
weight halogenated materials, between 20 and 30% losses occurred simply on
standing in the metal "K" bottle. Case 5 of Table 11-12 illustrates this
condition. The loss of methylene chloride in grab sampling appeared to
be real although in ARLI's previous experience with analyzing for traces
of methylene chloride there had been no problem. Methylene chloride elutes
with carbon disulfide from a Porapak Q column. Therefore, no accurate
measure of concentration could be made. The reported value of < 0.1 ppm
appeared to be a small shoulder on the solvent peak and was probably an
impurity in one or both of the compounds.
11-41 26200-795
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Table 11-13 presents the results obtained for oxygenated organic
materials. If it can be assumed that the amount of methyl alcohol found
in the "K" bottle by analysis, restandardization, and reanalysis (as was
actually performed in the laboratory) were correct, the recoveries were
within 20%. Methyl ethyl ketone elutes with hexane from the Porapak Q
column. However, from other recovery data, standards and grab samples of
the Precision Gas mixture, and response factors applied to the measured
area, the calculated concentration reported under Case 4 and 5 agree
within the experimental limits.
The oxygenated materials were strongly adsorbed on the glass bottle
walls. This was apparent in the data present for the grab-train samples of
Case 4 and 5 as well as the ambient grab sample of Case 3. All field grab
samples that were expected to contain oxygenated materials were warmed and
the transfer lines maintained at an elevated temperature injection into
the GC.
Interlaboratory Field Sample Analysis
During the test of the Huntington Beach oil field emissions WOGA
used a consulting firm, RETA, to monitor KVB's procedures. RETA collected
duplicate samples .of gas in grab bottles which were analyzed by the Union
Oil Research Laboratory in Brea, CA. A comparison of the KVB-ARLI results
with those of RETA-Union are shown in Tables 3-20 through 3-25, Ref. I1-6.
Although these samples were taken sequentially rather than simulta-
neously, the results in these tables show good agreement for total hydro-
carbons as well as for the two major components methane and ethane. For
example deviations from the mean methane concentration ranged from -28%
to +10% the average deviation being 13%. The agreement was consistent over
a range of concentrations from under 700 to over 800,000 ppm. The greatest
discrepancies percentagewise were in the low concentration species. This
latter phenomenon was generally observed throughout the QC program.
11-42 26200-795
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Redundant Field Samples
On selected sources two or three independent trains were inserted into
the source for simultaneous sampling. The analyses of the samples were per-
formed without informing the laboratory of identical nature of the sources.
The results of some of these tests are presented in Tables 3-26 through 3-30,
Ref. II-6.
SOLVENT USE QUESTIONNAIRES
Solvent use questionnaires were processed primarily to obtain infor-
mation on the quantities and specific types of solvents used in the South
Coast Air Basin during 1975 for use in developing emission profiles and
factors. Other information on process equipment, control devices, future
plans for modifications or expansion were also requested for checking the
EIS data and forecasting emission trends.
KVB prepared the questionnaires using modified formats from
Reference II-7. Sections were specifically directed to the following
solvent users:
Degreasing Operations
Dry Cleaning Operations
Protective and Decorative Coatings
Fabric and Rubberized Coatings
Miscellaneous Coatings
Ovens
Printing Operations
Data were requested on an individual device basis using actual process records
or best estimates from total plant consumption. Provisions for confidential
or proprietary information were made.
Individual questionnaires were mailed to approximately 200 plants
within the Basin with reported total organic compound emissions from solvent
use in excess of 25 tons per year. Only the questionnaire forms that would
pertain to the individual source operation were included. The response to
these questionnaires was only 25% despite follow-up by telephone.
H-43 26200-795
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Of those returned, the quality and completeness of the information
as excellent providing detailed information on solvent composition and
perating parameters previously not available. Data were obtained from a
ide cross section of industries which added depth to the data base. These
ata, along with updated solvent use patterns for those firms visited during
he field test program have been incorporated into the development of the
pplicable solvent emission profiles.
ITERATURE RESEARCH
Profile data not obtainable through field source tests or solvent use
uestionnaires was derived through an extensive survey of pertinent literature.
here appropriate, discretion was used by KVB engineers in their engineering
valuation of these data. Numerous consultations were also conducted with
uthors of reports, industry representatives and various government agencies
n the development of profile data from the literature.
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11-44
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REFERENCES
II-l. Trijonis, J. C. and Arledge, K. W., "Utility of Reactivity Criteria in
Organic Emissions Control Strategies. Application to the Los Angeles
Atmosphere," EPA-600/3-76-091, August 1976.
II-2. Mueller, F. X. and J. A. Miller, "Determination of Organic Vapors
in Industrial Atmospheres," Amer. Lab., 49-61, May 1964.
II-3. Levache, B. and S. M. MacAskill, "Analysis of Organic Solvents
Taken on Charcoal Samplers," Anal. Chem., 48, (1), 76-78, 1976.
II-4. Nelson, G. O., et al., "Respiratory Cartridge Efficiency Statistics;
VII. Effect of Relative Humidity and Temperature," Amer. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J., 37, (5), 280-288, 1976.
II-5. Parkes, D. G., et al., "A Simple Gas Chromatographic Method for the
Analysis of Trace Organics in Ambient Air," Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
31_, (3) , 165-173, 1976.
II-6. Taback, H. J., et al., "Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from
Stationary Sources in the California South Coast Air Basin," Vol. I
and II, KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA, June 1978.
II-7. DiGasbarro, P. and Bornstein, M., "Methodology for Inventorying
Hydrocarbons," EPA-600/4-76-013, March 1976.
11-45 26200-795
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APPENDIX III
PROFILE CALCULATIONS DEVELOPMENT
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APPENDIX III
SAMPLE PROFILE CALCULATION FOR CALCULATING
AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Given the species in any compound, the average molecular weight may
be calculated knowing the individual specie's molecular weight and weight
percent.
EXAMPLE: KVB PROFILE 0001
GIVEN:
n-butane with molecular weight = 58.12 and 14.00 weight %
hexane 86.17 5.00
formaldehyde 30.03 42.00
acetone 58.08 28.00
methane 16.04 11.00
1. Determine the number of mo Is of each component by dividing the
weight (assume the mixture weighs 100 units so that 14% = 14.00
weight units) by the molecular weight.
n-butane = 14.00/58.12 = 0.241 mols
hexane 5.00/86.17 0.058
formaldehyde 42.00/30.03 1.399
acetone 28.00/58.08 0.482
methane 11.00/16.04 0.686
2. The total weight of the mixture is 2.866 mols.
III-l 26200-795
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3. Since volume % = mol %/ the volume percent of each component is
determined by dividing the total weight of the mixture into
each component's number of mols, or
n-butane = 0.241/2.866 x 100% = 8.41 vol.
hexane 0.058/2.866 2.02
formaldehyde 1.399/2.866 48.81
acetone 0.482/2.866 16.82
methane 0.686/2.866 23.94
4. The average molecular weight of the paraffins is the sum of the
volume percent of each individual component's molecular weight
in that class.
n-butane - (8.41/8.41 + 2.02)(58.12) = 46.86
hexane - (2.02/8.41 + 2.02)(86.17) = 16.69
2 compounds of Class 1 63.55
5. The average .molecular weight of the compound composite is the sum
of the volume percent of each individual component's molecular
weight in the compound.
n-butane 58.12 (0.0841) = 4.89
hexane 86.17 (0.0202) = 1.74
formaldehyde 30.03 (0.4881) = 14.66
acetone 58.08 (0.1682) = 9.77
methane 16.04 (0.2394) = 3.84
5 compound composite III-2 34.90
IH-2 26200-795
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/3-78-119
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data Manual
5. REPORT DATE
December 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Harry W. Bucon, Joseph F. Macko, Harold J. Taback
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
KVB Engineering, Inc.
17332 Irvine Blvd.
Tustin, California 92680
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
2AA635
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3029
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officer: Frank H. Noonan
16. ABSTRACT
This manual contains tables of potential emissions of organic compounds for selected
source categories. The species profile table format has been organized to be particu-
larly useful in preparation of emission inventory inputs to photochemical modeling.
Accompanying each VOC profile table is a brief narrative that describes process,
emissions, controls and basis of source report and data quantification. The chemical
classifications include paraffin, olefin, aromatic, carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones),
methane, non-reactive other than methane, and miscellaneous. Data confidence levels
for each profile table have been assigned. Reference lists for reports, published
data and names and titles of personal contacts are provided for each source category.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Chemical Species Distribution
Emission Inventories (Air)
Photochemical Model Input
Stationary Sources
Mobile Sources
8, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
2&L
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
aU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19 79 -640-Q13/ 4 2 3 4 REGION NO. 4
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