United States
                    Environmental Protection
                    Agency
 Air and Energy Engineering
 Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                    Research and Development
 EPA/600/S7-89/010b/c  Dec. 1990
SEPA          Project  Summary
                    The  1985  NAPAP Emissions
                    Inventory:  Development  of
                    Spatial  Allocation  Factors
                    Lysa G. Modica and Daniel R. Dulleba
                      This report documents the develop-
                    ment and  application of the  spatial
                    allocation factors for the 1985 National
                    Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
                    (NAPAP) Emissions Inventory (Version
                    2). The 1985 annual inventory and related
                    modelers' inventory represent the most
                    comprehensive and  highest quality
                    emissions data available. The inventory
                    spans the 48 contiguous United States
                    and 10 Canadian provinces. Emissions
                    data are included for 9,175 plants and
                    area source categories from 3,073 coun-
                    ties in the  U.S. and the 10  Canadian
                    provinces. One application of the NAPAP
                    inventory is to provide an emissions data
                    input file for regional atmospheric models
                    used to simulate the transport  and
                    transformation of acid  deposition  pre-
                    cursors and the patterns and magnitudes
                    of deposition products. Annual emissions
                    data were  resolved  into a consistent
                    spatial grid pattern, into hourly values for
                    12 representative day types and  into 59
                    pollutant species for modeling applica-
                    tions. This report discusses the develop-
                    ment of the spatial allocation factors that
                    were used  to distribute  county  and
                    province level area  source emissions
                    estimates to a grid pattern defined by
                    1/6-degree  latitude and 1/4-degree lon-
                    gitude covering the contiguous U.S. and
                    Canada to 60 degrees north latitude. The
                    report also documents the computer
                    software used to formulate the  spatial
                    allocation factors.  These factors were
                    implemented in a modular computer
                    program known as the Flexible Regional
                    Emissions Data System (FREDS).
                      This Project Summary was developed
                    by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
                    Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that is fully docu-
mented in a separate report of the same
title (see Project Report ordering infor-
mation at back).

Introduction

  The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory
(Version 2) has been developed by the
NAPAP  Task Group on Emissions and
Controls. One purpose of the inventory
is to support NAPAP and other research
efforts by providing a high quality model-
ers' emissions inventory that can be used
as input for regional modeling applica-
tions. The emissions  inventory was
developed principally for application to
the  Regional Acid  Deposition Model
(RADM); however, it was developed with
resolution suitable for use in other models,
such as the Acid Deposition and Oxidant
Model (ADOM) and the Regional Oxidant
Model (ROM).
  The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory
(Version 2) was resolved spatially, tempor-
ally,  and by pollutant species to support
these models. Spatial, temporal,  and
species allocation factors were devel-
oped and applied to create the modelers'
inventory. Spatial  allocation factors are
based on statistical representations of the
distribution of surrogate indicators which
can   be used to estimate  the spatial
distribution of emissions from area source
categories.
  The spatial allocation factors applied to
the  1985  NAPAP Emissions  Inventory
were based largely on factors and meth-
odologies developed for the 1980 NAPAP
Emissions Inventory. The additional effort
completed for the 1985 Inventory devel-
                                                                     Printed on Recycled Paper

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opment resulted from quality assurance
(QA) and quality control (QC) procedures
that identified problems and errors in the
1980 spatial factors. Details of the QC
procedures  and the  enhancements to
spatial factors that resulted from the QC
program are also described In the report.
Spatial Factor Overview

  The  spatial allocation  factors were
compiled in a data file which describes
the fraction of the county or province level
totals of each of the surrogate indicators
that are included  in each Inventory grid
cell. The  spatial allocation  surrogate
indicators applied to the  1985 NAPAP
Inventory are summarized in Table 1. Data
reported at various levels of geographic
coverage were used to derive the spatial
allocation factors. In each case, the level
               of resolution of the spatial indicators was
               modified to be relative to the county or
               province level, to be consistent with the
               level of resolution of  the emissions
               estimates.
                 The development and application of the
               spatial allocation factors for the U.S.  and
               Canada are discussed separately, due to
               differences in the methodologies used to
               prepare and process the spatial allocation
               data. The  development of U.S.  spatial
               allocation factors was based on two main
               sources of data: U.S.  Department of
               Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Cen-
               sus of Population and Housing, 1980;  and
               land use/classification data derived from
               1972-1973 Landsat satellite imagery  and
               land  use/cover maps. Canadian  spatial
               factors  were based on data supplied to
               Environment Canada by Statistics Can-
               ada which represent the base year 1981.
               Environment Canada supplied data for the
                  grid cell resolution by province. All data
                  processing was completed using the EPA
                  National Computer Center's Sperry UUI
                  VAC 1100 and the IBM 3090.
                  Conclusions

                    The objectives of this project were to
                  develop and document the software used
                  to generate the spatial allocation factors
                  used  in  the development of  the  1985
                  NAPAP  Modelers' Emissions  Inventory
                  (Version 2).  The  series  of computer
                  programs described  in  the document
                  support the  spatial resolution require-
                  ments of  regional acid deposition  and
                  photochemical oxidant  models.  The
                  information  provided  in the report will
                  facilitate the use and interpretation of the
                  spatial allocation factors by all Inventory
                  users.
Table 1. Spatial Allocation Surrogates Used in the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory
Surrogate No.
   Surrogate Indicator
    Source
     1
     2
     3
     4
     5
     6


     1
     2
     3
     4
     5
     6
     7
     8
   U.S. SPATIAL FACTORS
 Population
 Housing
 Urban Land
 Agricultural Land
 Composite Forest
 Land Area

CANADIAN SPATIAL FACTORS
 Population
 Oil Homes
 Gas Homes
 Total Homes
 Industrial Labor Force
 Commercial Labor Force
 Agricultural Labor Force
 Mining Labor Force
1980 Census
1980 Census
Landsat
Landsat
Landsat
EPA/Alliance
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Statistics
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada
Canada

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   Lysa G. Modica and Daniel R.  Dulleba are with are with Alliance Technologies
         Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730.
   R. Lagemann and C. T. Ripberger are the EPA Project Officers (see below).
   The complete report consists of paper copy and magnetic tape entitled "The
         1985 NAPAP  Emissions Inventory: Development of Spatial  Allocation
         Factors:"
          Paper Copy
           EPA/600/7-89/01 Ob, (Order No. PB 90-2371731 AS;
           Cost: $31.00, subject to change)
          Magnetic tape:
           EPA/600/7-89/010C, "1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory
              Spatial Allocation Factors") (Order No. PB 90-5041271 AS;
              Cost: $340.00, subject to change)
             National Technical Information Service
             5285 Port Royal Road
             Springfield. VA 22161
             Telephone: 703-487-4650
   The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
             Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
             Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
     BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
         EPA
   PERMIT No. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S7-89/01 Ob/c

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