United States Air and Radiation EPA420-R-98-014
Environmental Protection October 1998
Agency
&EPA Exhaust Emissions From
a Turbocharged, Diesel
Agricultural Tractor/
Backhoe Loader John
Deere 4045T Powertech
Engine
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
EPA420-R-98-014
October 1998
Exhuast Emissions From a Turbocharged,
Diesel Agricultural Tractor/Backhoe Loader
John Deere 4045T Powertech Engine
Engine Programs & Compliance Division
Office of Mobile Sources
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
-------
1 6CI1H1C31
EPA420-R-98-014
October 1998
Exhaust Emissions From a Turbocharged, Diesel
Agricultural Tractor/Backhoe Loader John Deere
4045T Powertech Engine
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions
or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using
data \ohich are currently available. The purpose in the release of such
reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform
the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a
final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
Introduction
In keeping with the spirit of the Nonroad Statement of Principles the Engine
Programs and Compliance Division (EPCD) is conducting baseline testing
on currently available Tier 1 nonrpad diesel engines. This testing wfll result
in a characterization of the engine emissions prior to anticipated
modifications aimed at reducing the overall gaseous and particulate
emissions. The eventual goal of testing is to produce an engine that will both
meet and exceed the Tier 3 goal of 3.0 g/hp-hr (2.6 g/kW-hr) NMHC+NOx
emissions and .15 g/hphr (.20 g/kWhr) PM emissions without a significant
decline in engine performance and/or durability. The Powertech series of
diesel engines from John Deere have been designed to meet Tier 1 emissions
standards while incorporating other design improvements without a large
sacrifice in engine power or fuel consumption. Fuel consumption decreased
in the 4045T Powertech from the Series 300 version of the 4045T engine by
0.5 Ib/hr (0.2 kg/hr).
-------
Additional modifications from the series 300 to the
Powertech series include:
1) the top compression ring was moved up to 5 mm below the piston
crown,
2) the size of the crank throws was increased,
3) reentrant bowl piston design was employed, and
4) the opening injector nozzle pressure now ranges from 3600 psi to 3800
psi.
The results of testing indicate that this engine would pass ISO8178-4C1 steady state
certification testing. In transient operation, however, the particulate matter (PM)
emissions exceed current standards.
Testing Procedures
Engine
The John Deere 4045T Powertech was purchased to generate baseline emissions
data on nonroad engine emissions, as well as provide a test bed for investigating
potential emissions reduction strategies. The break-in of this new engine was
completed at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL).
This is a 4.5 liter, turbocharged, mechanically governed diesel engine. The John
Deere 4045T Powertech is a 1996 model year, 115 horsepower at 2500 rpm
engine, typically used in agricultural tractor and backhoe loader applications. Its
marinized form is used in marine applications. The exhaust back pressure was set
at 2.0 in Hg at rated power. The fuel used in this study was Certification Diesel
Fuel No. 2.'
Test Cycles
The following transient test cycles were performed:
a. Backhoe Loader Cycle
b. Crawler Tractor Cycle
c. Composite Cycle
'Fuel specifications are in the Appendix.
-------
d. Heavy Duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP)2 - hot start only
e. Torque Mapping
f. Constant Speed Toque Mapping
The following steady state modes/modal tests were completed:
a. ISO 8178 -4 C1 (8 Mode Test)
b. ISO 8178-4 Universal (13/11 Mode Test)
c. Fifty Three Mode Steady State Mapping
The speed and load traces for the GCS3 normalized, SwRI developed, transient test cycles
(transient cycles a-c) may be seen in the Appendix. A detailed description of the development of
these transient, nonroad test cycles may be found in the report to EPA entitled Nonroad Data
Analysis andComposite Cycle Development^ Cynthia Webb. The ISO steady state emissions tests
performed are described in ISO 8178-4. The fifty (50) mode test included points from the ISO 8178-
4, as well as additional modes under the engine MAP4 to provide a steady state characterization of
engine emissions. The fifty modes tested are shown in Figure 1. A steady state map of gaseous
emissions, as well as particulate matter, BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption), and mechanical
efficiency were also generated.
Figure 1. Modes Used for Steady State Emissions Map
Steady State Modes
40* flOH
Norm mill Spill
2Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40 Part 86 Subpart N.
3GCS is defined in the Appendix.
4MAP is defined as the Maximum Allowable Power Trace over the speed range of the engine.
3
-------
A transient emissions map was also generated for gaseous emissions. Two methods of generating
transient emissions maps were undertaken. These two methods include rated power sweeps and
constant speed torque sweeps, and will be discussed later.
Results and Discussion
A baseline level of emissions was established for this engine that coincided with certification
levels for this family of engines. We characterized both steady state and transient emissions.
Test Cycle
Backhoe
Crawler
Composite
FTP
ISOC1
BSFC
Ib/bhphr
0.38
0.30
0.34
0.37
0.32
Cycle Work
(BHPHR)
3.27
12.66
15.88
7.68
5.9
%
Transient
45.3
72.9
72.0
49.6
0.0
NOx INT
(g/bhphr)
4.64
3.91
4.02
4.36
4.68
PM
(g/bhphr)
.3
.13
.15
.19
.11
HCINT
(g/bhphr)
1.23
.34
.45
1.074
.4
Mechanical
Efficiency
.36
.45
.41
.37
.42
Figure 2. Baseline Engine Characterization on Transient and Steady State Test Cycles
The above data are an average of two test runs with the exception of the FTP and the ISO 8178-4
Cl cycles. The data for these two cycles are an average of three test runs. The standard deviation for
each emission species and engine characteristic may be seen in Table 1. The amount of transient
activity is also shown in Figure 2 and is defined as any change in speed or torque with a magnitude
larger than 2%. As the data indicates, there is little correlation between the amount of transient
activity and the particulate matter emissions. The data does indicate increased PM generation with
transient operation. Additional testing will need to be conducted to accurately assess the type of
transient activity that causes higher PM emissions.
Test Cycle | BSFC
Cycle
Work
NOx -.
Integrated
PM
Backhoe j 0.01 . 0.01 j 0.03 , 0.00
Crawler i 0.01 , 0.01 , 0.02 , 0.00
Composite j 0.00 , 0.03 , 0.02 , 0.00
FTP i 0.00 , 0.18 , 0.12 i 0.01
ISOC1 i 0.02 NA 0.15 0.01
HC
Integrated
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.08
0.02
Table 1. Standard Deviation of Emission and Performance Data
-------
Steady State Results
The following are a series of steady state maps of engine emissions and parameters based on the
modes at which the engine was tested:
350
300 -
250 -
M 200 -
3^
H~ 150-
(^
100-
50 -
0
1—
600 800
1 1
1000 1200
1 1 1
1400 1600 1800
Speed (rp m )
1 1 1
2000 2200 2400 2600
Figure 3. Steady State NOx Emissions MAP (b/bhphr)
350
300 -
250 -
200 -
150 -
100 -
50 -
600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
Speed (rpm )
Figure 4. Steady State HC Emissions MAP (g/bhphr)
-------
I
) 0 0 -
Figure 5. Steady State PM Emissions MAP (g/bhphr)
350
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
600
Figure 6. Steady State Mechanical Efficiency MAP
-------
350
300 H
250 H
=0 200 -|
§-
1 oo H
.s:
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
Speed (rpm )
Figure 7. Steady State BSFC MAP (Ib/bhphr)
-------
Transient Results
In an effort to further evaluate the effects of transient operation on gaseous and particulate matter
emissions, different types of transient operation were undertaken. The first method was the Rated
Power Mapping. The second was Constant Speed Torque Sweep Mapping. The constant speed
torque sweeps were run as a transient cycle and entailed ramping the engine torque from 0 to full load
at discrete speed increments. The composite results for the Constant Speed Torque Sweeps are as
follows:
Speed
(rpm)
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
2600
NOx
(g/hphr)
5.98
4.94
4.53
4.04
3.82
3.64
3.55
3.49
3.62
3.55
PM
(g/hphr)
0.02
0.23
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.23
0.38
HC
(g/hphr)
0.24
0.27
0.29
0.33
0.41
0.47
0.60
0.85
1.02
1.33
CO
(g/hphr)
1.70
1.10
0.94
1.11
1.25
1.73
1.79
2.29
2.59
2.59
BSFC
(Ib/hphr)
0.13
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.22
Figure 8. Constant Speed Torque Sweep Mapping Composite Emissions Data
The rated power mapping involved performing the standard full load engine MAPs at a given
percentage of wide open throttle. The percentages ranged from 100% (standard WOT MAP) to 30%
at even decrements of 10%. The speed range for the MAP extended from low idle (850 rpm for this
engine) to high idle (2700 rpm for this engine.) The composite results for each sweep are as follows:
-------
Percentage
100
100
90
80
70
70
60
50
40
30
Rate of
Sweep
(rpm/sec)
8
20
8
8
8
20
8
8
8
8
NOx
(g/bhphr)
5.15
5.12
5.24
5.00
4.16
4.28
4.08
4.21
4.72
5.75
PM
(g/bhphr)
0.18
0.19
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.14
0.14
0.18
0.22
HC
(g/bhphr)
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.37
0.35
0.44
0.56
0.75
1.03
CO
(g/bhphr)
0.67
1.05
0.61
0.62
0.74
1.31
0.93
1.28
1.81
2.53
BSFC
(Ibs/bhphr)
0.27
0.18
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.31
0.34
Figure 9. Composite Results from the Rated Power Sweeps
Summary and Conclusions
The NOx emissions from the contour map based on the steady state points showed emissions
ranging from 6 g/bhphr at 1000 rpm WOT to 4.5 g/bhphr at 2500 rpm WOT. The rated power map
at 100% WOT over the same speed range had NOx emissions of 5.5 g/bhphr to 6.5 g/bhphr at 2500
rpm. The NOx during the 90% rated power sweep averaged 5.5 g/bhphr with composite emissions,
for the same test run, of 5.24 g/bhphr. The NOx emissions ranged from 4.5 g/bhphr to 5.5 g/bhphr
on the steady state NOx map over the same speed and approximate load range. The steady state NOx
map generally matched the NOx rated power sweep map within +/- .05 g/bhphr, across each map.
The constant speed torque sweeps compared to the steady state maps as follows:
-------
Speed (rpm)
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2500
NOx (g/bhphr)
Steady
State
Range
7.5-6
8-6
8-5.25
8-5
8-4.5
7.5-4.5
7-4.5
7-4.5
7-4
CSTS
Composite
5.98
4.94
4.53
4.04
3.82
3.64
3.55
3.49
3.62
PM (g/bhphr)
Steady
State
Range
.1-.5
.1-.4
.15-.2
.2-.1
.25-.!
.3-.1
.3-.1
.35-.!
.35-.5
CSTS
Composite
.02
.23
.13
.08
.11
.1
.11
.14
.23
HC (g/bhphr)
Steady
State
Range
1-.5
1.5-.5
2.2S-.25
2.S-.25
2.S-.25
2.S-.3
3-.3
3.5-.3
3.S-.25
CSTS
Composite
.24
.27
.29
.33
.41
.47
.6
.85
1.02
Table 2. Steady State versus Constant Speed Torque Sweep Composite Emissions
The above table provides a comparison of the composite emission results for a torque sweep at a
constant speed and a range of emissions from, 0 to full load, over a steady state contour plot at the
same speed.
The constant speed torque sweeps and the rated power maps were attempts to provide data on how
different types of transient operation may generate different levels of brake specific emissions. As
may be seen from the data, NOx emissions are generally lower when the engine speed is kept constant
while varying the load applied to an engine. To further prove this hypothesis the engine loading could
be varied to be done at a higher rate and lower rate than was done with the constant speed torque
sweeps. Based on the rated power sweeps, the data is inconclusive regarding the effect of changing
speeds at different rates5 and the effect speed transients have in general on NOx, PM, and HC
emissions. Additional work to characterize these effects could be undertaken with faster acceleration
rates for the rated power sweeps.
5 Please see Figure 9, specifically the 8 and 20 rpm/sec sweeps at 100% WOT and 70% WOT.
10
-------
Acknowledgments
The technical support provided by the Testing Service Division's Engine Testing Group is
appreciated. Tom Schrodt, Mike Murphy, John Menter, Mike Matthews, Lou Oles, Timothy Davis,
Dan Stokes, and Dave Meador contributed immeasurably to the completion of this test program. A
special appreciation for the contribution of Leon Jones of the Engine Programs and Compliance
Division for his efforts toward completion of the test program.
For More Information
The EPA Office of Mobile Sources provides additional information electronically via the EPA
Internet server or via dial-up modem on the Technology Transfer Network (TTN), an electronic
bulletin board system (BBS). '
Word Wide Web: http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/
voice helpline: (919) 541-5384
Information is also available by calling (734) 214-4824, or writing to:
Cleophas Jackson
Ndnroad Engine Programs Group
Engine Programs and Compliance Division
U.S. EPA Office of Mobil Sources
2000 Traverwood Drive
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
11
-------
Appendix
Al. Backhoe Loader Duty Cycle
A2. Crawler Tractor Duty Cycle
A3. Composite Duty Cycle6
A4. Fuel Specifications
A5. Fifty Mode Steady State Emissions and Fuel Consumption Data (several pages)
A6. Modal Data Continued
A7. ISO Cl Emissions Data
A8. Transient Duty Cycle Emissions Data
A9. Constant Speed Torque Sweep Emissions Data
A10. Constant Speed Torque Sweep Emissions Plots
All. Rated Power Sweep Emissions Data
A12. Rated Power Sweep Emissions Plots
A13. Rated Power Sweep Emissions Contour Plots
A14. Rated Power Sweep Emissions Contour Plots (contd.)
A15. Governed Central Speed (GCS) definition
A16. Governed Central Speed (GCS) normalization procedure
6The composite duty cycle is based on the crawler tractor and backhoe loader duty cycles.
12
-------
APPENDIX
Backhoe Loader Cycle
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0.000
-20.000
Backhoe Loader Cycle
111
I— rs-F^OOOOGOOOGOCOO)G)C7>O)G)
•nrnmimiiiiimoiV1
CO VLO CM D) CD CO
t~^ fM ^" IO ^^ CJ) ^— CNJ ^" CD
OOOOOO-«-i-T-T-
•Speed
Torque
Time (seconds)
A1
-------
APPENDIX
Crawler Tractor Cycle
Crawler Tractor Cycle
120.000
100.000
80.000
Q)
• 60.000
•a
I
ra
£ 40.000
o
20.000
0.000
-20.000
fl
\
A
IT)
(D
- Speed
Torque
Time (seconds)
A2
-------
Appendix
Composite
Composite Duty Cycle 1
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
•o
I
(0
i 40.000
o
20.000
0.000
-20.000
I
f
CD O> CN
t^ T— CD
O T- V-
• Speed
Torque
Time (seconds)
A3
-------
09-Jul-97
NVFEL Fuel Analysis Report
Page I of 1
Tank 5 Cert Diesel
Facility Name: US EPA NVFEL TSD LIS/FG
Samples Type: Test Fuel
Inspection information logged in by PAB on
Tank 5 Cert Diesel New 5047
Test Code Test Method
69 Specific Gravity @ 60 Degrees F
691 Density @ 60 deg F
692 Degrees API
101 D86 Initial Boiling Point
110 10 Percent
\ 50 50 Percent
190 90 Percent
200 End Point
201 Residue
202 Total Recovery
203 Loss
44 Cetane Index
45 Cetane Number
49 Oleflns in Petroleum Products by ASTM D 1319-93
46 Aromatlcs in Petroleum Products by ASTM D 1319-93
222 Flash Point D 93
223 Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 Degrees F
32 Weight Fractloln Carbon ASTM D 3343-95
422 Sulfur In Diesel Fuel by ASTM D 2622
73 Net Heat of Combustion ASTM D 3338-92
1/28/97.
Results Units
0.84799 Specific Gravity @ 60 F
0.84716 g/mL@ 60 deg F
35.3 Degrees API
352.8 Degrees F
433.2 Degrees F
502.2 Degrees F
586 Degrees F
639.5 Degrees F
1.1 mL
98.5 ml
0.3 ml
46.5 Ceune Index
40.9 Cetane Number
3.2 Volume Percent
29.1 Volume Percent
1 56 Degrees F
2.61 Cendstokes
0.8682 Weight Fraction
0.0359 Weight Percent
1 8443 BTU per Pound
Possible
Violation ?
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Analyst
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
PAB
Paragon
NST
NST
Paragon
Paragon
Calculated
A)A
Calculated
Analysis Date
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
2/13/97
1/28/97
1/28/97
2/14/97
2/14/97
1/29/97
Comments:
-------
Modal Data
MODE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Speed
1015
1262
1262
1675
1675
2087
2087
2500
2500
1015
1262
1675
2087
2500
1015
1262
1675
2087
2500
795
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
795
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
795
1700
1600
1700
1800
1900
1700
1800
2100
2100
1200
1100
1300
Torque
290.6
155
307.2
148.9
299.9
139.3
277.5
117.9
236.2
218.2
230.7
225.5
210
176.3
71.3
76.9
74.8
69.7
60.8
0
235.8
176.8
117.9
59
23.6
0
305.2
228.9
152.6
73.6
30.5
0
175
125
275
200
200
225
175
225
150
275
250
225
0.27
0.35
0.19
0.36
0.20
0.40 .
0.27
0.43
0.30
0.66
0.33
0.32
0.36
0.39
1.04
1.07
1.02
1.15
1.33
O.OOE + 00
0.25
0.32 :-
0.46
.; . - 1.18
3.65
O.OOE + 00
0.24
0.28
0.43
1.05
2.55
O.OOE + 00
0.26
0.43
0.20
0.24
0.26
0.25
0.32
0.28
0.36
0.21
0.19
0.20
0.55
0.08
0.38
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.15
0.08
0.13
0.17
0.10
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.00
0.10
0.09
0.15
0.18
0.40
0.00
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.07
0.23
0.00
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.24
0.23
0.14
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.54
0.46
0.52
0.41
0.48
0.46
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.41
0.37
0.39
0.37
0.33
0.29
0.00
0.43
0.41
0.32
0.28
0.15
0.00
0.47
0.47
0.45
0.37
0.24
0.00
0.47
0.44
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.43
0.47
0.47
0.47
BSFC (Ib/hphr)
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.25
0.30
0.26
0.34
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.35
0.37
0.42
0.48
O.OOE + 00
0.32
0.34
0.43
0.49
0.90
O.OOE + 00
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.37
0.59
O.OOE + 00
0.30
0.32
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.32
0.29
0.30
0.29
6.16
5.11
5.98
4.02
5.61
3.47
5.00
3.31
4.52
6.79
5.14
4.26
3.82
3.92
7.55
6.10
4.47
4.05
4.24
O.OOE + 00
4.68
3.95
3.37
4.50
8.26
O.OOE + 00
4.59
4.72
4.47
5.44
8.79
O.OOE+00
4.32
4.33
5.09
4.24
4.13
4.30
4.22
4.19
3.55
5.54
5.88
4.78
A5
C. Jackson
-------
Modal Data
45
46
47
48
49
50
1400
2200
2300
2300
2400
2400
260
175
175
150
100
225
0.23
- 0.31
0.29 .
0.39"
0.42
0.31
0.13
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.18
0.09
0.48
0.44
0.43
0.41
0.36
0.43
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.38
0.32
4.96
3.81
3.78
3.48
3.34
4.35
A6
C. Jackson
-------
ISO 8178-4 C1 Emissions Data
SO 8178-4 C1
ISOC1 M1
ISO C1 M2
ISO C1 M3
ISO C1 M4
ISO C1 MS
ISOC1 M6
ISOC1 M7
ISO C1 MS
Weighted Total (g/hphr)
ISOC1 M1
ISO C1 M2
ISOC1 M3
ISO C1 M4
ISOC1 MS
ISOC1 M6
ISO C1 M7
ISOC1 M8
Weighted Total (g/hphr)
HC Integrated (g/hr)
28.4
27.18
25.91
40.97
21
18.55
18.64
19.62
0.43
30.95
27.86
22.76
38.31
21.16
13.7
13.49
14.66
0.39
NOx Integrated (g/nr)
47S.88
336.57
208.3
89.29
523.94
308.36
194.44
96.6
4.76
525.77
332.8
189.4
92.79
399.79
308.67
194.75
86.21
4.60
CO Integrated (g/hr)
26.61
24.53
32.37
98.19
9.17
6.89
16.21
2.36
0.44
37.95
30.36
• - 41.44
105.7
19.83
18.12
2396
12.77
0.60
C02 Integrated (g/hr)
52084.2
41072.64
34347.02
14250.23
36632.67
279626.35
19335.28
5673.74
937.61
52025.58
40842.5
31137.69
13846.46
36242.43
27666
19377.77
5196.26
496.38
PM (g/hr)
11.45
7.24
8.47
4.44
11.24
6.01
2.62
0.00
0.11
10.78
7.32
7.46
4.30
11.59
6.86
2.66
0.00
0.11
BSFC (Ibs/bhphr) - C Balance
032
0.34
0.43
0.90
0.29
0.30
0.31
NA
0.35
0.32
0.34
0.39
0.87
029
0.29
0.31
NA
0.35
Mode Duration (hrs]
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
(SS C BALANCE LB/HR)
36.14
28.51
23.86
10.06
25.41
19.38
13.44
3.97
36.12
28.36
21.65
9.78
25.15
19.20
13.47
3.64
Average Emissions (q/bhphr) 0.41 4.68 0.52 71700 0.11 0.35
BHP
112.24
84.16
56.12
11.23
8716
6537
43.64
0.00
112.24
84.16
56.12
11.23
87.16
65.37
43.58
0.00
Cycle Work: BHPHR
9.35
7.01
4.68
0.94
7.26
5.45
3.64
0.00
9.35
7.01
4.68
094
7.26
5.45
363
0.00
A7
C. Jackson
-------
Nonroad Transient Duty Cyde Emissions Data
TI&T CYCLES
Backhoe Loader 1
Backhoe Loader 2
Crawler 1
Crawler 2
Composite 1
Composite 2
FTP1
FTP 2
FTP 3
HC Integrated (g/hphr)
1.25
1.21
0.32
0.35
0.46
0.45
1.00
1.15
1.33
4.68
4.61
3.93
389
4.03
4.00
4.48
4.24
"4.09
3.50
3.45
0.61
0.67
' 1.03
1.01
1.70
2.20
2.29
1037.64
665.69
526.76
499.05
522.74
524.73
569.17
792.78
743.37
0.97
0.99
1.63
1.60
2.41
2.50
1.54
1.45
1.74
PM(ToUBHPHR)'
0.30
0.30
0.13
0.13
015
0.16
0.20
0.19
0.24
3.27
3.28
12.66
12.67
1585
15.91
7.68
7.67
7.29
7.16
7.28
8.16
7.98
7.28
7.55
4.61
4.35
5.21
0.39
0.37
0.29
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.37
0.37
0.37
Cycle Duration (hrs)
0.14
0.14
0.20
0.20
0.33
0.33
0.33
033
0.33
24.01
24.10
63.28
63.35
47.90
48.07
23.06
23.03
21.89
Averages:
Backhoe Loader 1.23 4.64 3.48 851.67 0.98 0.30 3.27 7.22 0.38 0142406
Crawler Tractor 0.34 3.91 0.64 51291 1.61 0.13 12.66 8.07 0.30 0.20 63^31
Composite 0.45 4.02 1.02 523.74 2.45 015 15.88 7.41 0.34 0334798
FTP (Hot Starts) 1.16 4.27 206 701.77 1.57 021 7.55 4.72 0.37 0332266
-------
John Deere 4045T Powertech Constant Speed Torque Sweeps
TEST SPEEDS HC Int* G/HPH NOx
1000RPM
1200 RPM
1400 RPM
1600 RPM
1800 RPM
2000 RPM
2200 RPM
2400 RPM
2500 RPM
2600 RPM
0.239
0.272
0.293
0.329
0.406
0.47
0.603
0.848
1.021
1.329
Int* G/HPHR PM( G/HPHR) BSFC (Ibs/bhphr Mechanical Efficiency
5.975
4.935
4.5311
4.039
3.818
3.636
3.545
3.486
3.621
3.55
0.023
0.226
0.129
0.084
0.105
0.098
0.107
0.136
0.234
0.379
0.13
0.191
0.164
0.161
0.176
0.189
0.186
0.194
0.213
0.22
1.061538
0.722513
0.841463
0.857143
0.784091
0.730159
0.741935
0.71134
0.647887
0.627273
June 9, 1997
DATA POINTS
Cleophas Jackson - EPCD - ETT
-------
John Deere 4045T Powertech Constant Speed Torque Sweeps
CONSTANT SPEED TORQUE SWEEPS I
7
_ 6
Q.
0) 5
X
O
Z 4
3
- o
_ 0
o
• 1
n H
A I
1000 RPM 1200 RPM
B HC Int*
n BSFC (Ibs/bhphr) -
(TEST
8
fi
RESULTS VERSUS ENGINE
0
O _
• Q
S ? !
SPEEDS)
0
m -:
—
• I
t ' 0 02
^ ._
g g i &-:
1.8
1.6
1.4 «
1 O 0>
1 .^ -4-t
1 o>
0.8 o
0.6 ^
0.4
0.2
n
1400 RPM 1600 RPM 1800 RPM 2000 RPM 2200 RPM 2400 RPM 2500 RPM 2600 RPM
• C Balance
SPEEDS
0 NOxlnt*G/Hr
o Mechanical Efficiency
A PM(Tot/BHPHR)* |
June 9, 1997
Cleophas Jackson - EPCD - ETT
-------
c:\cle\deere_testing\test_out\RPSWP.WK4
John Deere 4045T Powertech Rated MAPs
U.S. EPA - National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
TEST CYCLES
100% TQ @ 20 RPM/SEC
100%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
90%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
80%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
70% TQ @ 20 RPM/SEC
70%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
60%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
50%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
40%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
30%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
20% TQ @ 20 RPM/SEC
20%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
10%TQ@ 8 RPM/SEC
HC Int* g/hphr
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.37
0.44
0.56
0.75
1.03
2.09
1.69
3.96
NOx Int* g/hphr
5.12
5.15
5.24
5.00
4.28
4.16
4.08
4.21
4.72
5.75
20.34
12.23
10.90
CO Int _g/hphr
1.053
0.671
0.61
0.623
1.312
0.744
0.932
1.279
1.807
2.5311
6.888
4.909
10.278
CO2 Int q/hphr
829.04
821.04
837.01
837.48
912.01
880.45
907.38
944.94
1064.9
1168.9
3510.96
2370.45
2160.39
PM Tot
0.46
1.04
0.80
0.62
0.29
0.52
0.50
0.41
0.42
0.39
0.22
0.32
0.37
PM( g/bhphr)*
0.19
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.17
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.48
0.28
0.67
BHPHR
2.459
5.887
5.288
4.705
1.677
4.09
3.492
2.905
2.331
1.746
0.449
1.146
0.555
PM (GM/HR)
9.57
11.51
8.93
6.90
6.11
5.79
5.54
4.56
4.69
4.41
4.74
3.61
4.21
BSFC (Ibs/bhphr)
0.18
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.23
0.26
0.26
0.30
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.37
0.58
Mechanical Efficiency
0.77
0.50
0.56
0.56
0.60
0.53
0.52
0.47
0.45
0.41
0.40
0.37
0.24
Cycle Duration (hrs)
0.04806
0.09056
0.09000
0.09000
0.04722
0.08972
0.08944
0.08917
0.08889
0.08833
0.04556
0.08833
0.08806
Test Number
HD970086
HD970087
HD970088
HD970089
HD970090
HD970091
HD970092
HD970093
HD970094
HD970095
HD970096
HD970097
HD970098
June 10, 1997
DATA POINTS
Cleophas Jackson - EPCD - ETT
-------
John Deere 4045T Powertech Rated MAPs
U.S. EPA-NVFEL
=9
a>
x
O
20
15
10
5
0
0
T f f
P
8
©
o
o
o
0
0
en
RATED MAPs
(Test Results Versus MAP Parameters
O
O
o
CN
O
O
0
OO
g
I
©
g
S
O
o
CM
o
-------
290
280-
5260-
F220-
£210-
200-
190
o
o
CD
250
240-
.2220-
V200-
= 190-
5180-
l- 170-
160-
150
Transient NOxEmissions from John Deere
4045T Powertech Engine on the Rated
100% MAP
Power MAPs
280
270 H
\ r
o o
o o
O T-
CM CM
O
O
CM
CM
O
O
CO
CM
O
O
CM
O
O
tO
CM
O
O
CD
CM
O
O
t^
CM
Speed (rpm)
80% MAP
i i i i
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Speed (rpm)
3.
250-
240-
230-
220-
210-
200-
190-
180
220
210-
^200-
5 190-
£180-
§ 170-
F160-
140-
130
90% MAP
i i i i
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Speed (rpm)
70% MAP
A13
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Speed (rpm)
Cleophas Jackson
EPCD-ETT
September 10,1997
-------
Transient NOx Emissions from John Deere
4045T Powertech Engine on the Rated
Power MAPs
60% MAP
5
190
180-
170-
160-
150-
140-
130-
120-
110-
100
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Speed (rpm)
40% MAP
130
120-
J110-
£100-
§ 90H
o 80H
"~ 70H
60
500 1000
1500 2000
Speed (rpm)
2500 3000
160
ISO-
ISO-
100-
90-
80
95
90-
^85-
£80-
£75-
^70-
F65-
^60-
55-
50
50% MAP
500 1000
1500 2000
Speed (rpm)
30 % MAP
2500 3000
500 1000
A14
1500 2000 2500 3000
Speed (rpm)
Cleophas Jackson
EPCD-ETT
September 10,1997
-------
Governor Central Speed
(GCS)
The point (speed) on the torque droop
curve corresponding to 50% of
maximum measured power after
measured rated speed has been
surpassed.
Cleophas Jackson
EPCD - ETT
A 15 Summer 1996
-------
GCS Calculation
Normalized Speed = Actual Speed - Idle Speed
GC Speed - Idle Speed
Actual Speed = Normalized Speed (GCS - Idle Speed)
+ldle Speed
A. 16
Cleophas Jackson
EPCD - Err
Summer 1996
------- |