United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Radiation
Acid Rain Division (6204J)
Washington, D.C. 20460
EPA430/R-95-012
December 1995
Revised
&EPA
Acid Rain Program
Emissions Scorecard 1994
SO2, A/Ox, Heat Input, and CO2 Emission Trends
in the Electric Utility Industry
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Acid Rain Program
Emissions Scorecard 1994
1994 was Spring training for the Acid
Rain Program, the country's first
nationwide program to use market-based
incentives and a team approach to
achieve environmental objectives. This
"Emissions Scorecard" presents the
emissions data collected in the start-up
year of the program.
A New "Ball Game" in Emissions
Monitoring
Established by Title IV of the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990, the goal of
the Acid Rain Program is to achieve
significant environmental and public
health benefits through reductions in
electric utility emissions of sulfur dioxide
(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). The
Clean Air Act requires annual SO2
emissions to be brought 10 million tons
below their 1980 level by year 2010.
The Act also calls for significant
reductions of NOX emissions by year
2000.
Among the innovative features of this
program are its great flexibility and its
heavy reliance on economic incentives,
not government proscription. Units
affected by the program are free to
choose how they meet their emission
limits. For example, compliance options
might include switching to cleaner fuels,
installing pollution controls, or reducing
user demand for electricity.
In addition, under the Acid Rain Program,
units that reduce their SO2 emissions
below their specified limit can sell their
unused "allowances" on the open
market. Each allowance represents an
authorization to emit one ton of S02.
Other units can buy these allowances
and apply them to meeting their current
or future emissions requirements.
For the market in allowances to work,
buyers and sellers must be assured that
each allowance represents exactly 1 ton
1
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2
of SO2, neither more nor less. This
assurance can only be obtained from an
accurate, 100% accounting of emissions.
With this in mind, the Clean Air Act
required units covered under the Acid
Rain Program to perform emission
measurements using Continuous
Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS),
the proven industry standard for
measuring S02, NOX, and C02. In 1994,
the first 263 utility units covered under
the Acid Rain Program were required to
install CEMS, pass a series of
performance tests designed to
demonstrate the accuracy of the
instruments, and submit a year's worth
of emissions data. However, unlike
future years when the CEMS
measurements will be tallied against
allowances at the end of the year, 1994
represented a start-up year when
problems could be diagnosed and
corrected without impacting the
operation of the allowance market.
In effect, the Clean Air Act gave the
regulated community and EPA a year to
get into shape before official "play"
began in 1995.
Rules of the Game
In order to ensure uniformity in data
submissions and facilitate efficient
review, the Acid Rain Program relies on
electronic reporting of emissions data.
EPA set forth specifications for data
submissions in the Acid Rain Regulations
(40 CFR §75.62-64) and in a related
guidance document Electronic Data
Reporting, updated periodically. In
essence, the specifications require data
to be submitted in certain pre-defined
record structures and electronic file
formats. In 1994, emissions data were
submitted by regulated utilities to EPA
via floppy computer diskettes. In April
1995 selected utilities and EPA began
testing direct electronic transmission of
data via modem dial-up to EPA's
computer. In the future, this is expected
to become the common method of
submission.
Data received by EPA was recorded in
the Emission Tracking System (ETS), an
electronic database designed specifically
for managing data related to atmospheric
emissions from utilities. ETS performs a
series of quality control checks on the
data. This is accomplished through error
checking software which analyzes data
records for internal inconsistencies,
omissions, and other data errors. Once
any defects in the data are identified, a
report explaining the deficiencies is
printed and sent to the designated
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representative of the affected unit.
Before being incorporated into ETS, the
error checking software was field tested
on real data at several utilities. After
completion of field testing, revised copies
of the tested software were made
available to the entire regulated
community for use in debugging their
own on-site data acquisition and handling
systems. This approach was designed to
prevent errors where possible and
facilitate their correction when
necessary.
The Lineups
Underlying the Acid Rain Program is the
concept that environmental objectives
can be achieved at least cost and least
burden, if industry, EPA, and regional,
state, and local environmental agencies
work together as a team. In 1994 the
industry "players" consisted of the
companies that operate the 263 utility
units in 21 states. These are known as
Table 1 affected utilities. (The name
derives from a table of affected units
found in the Acid Rain Regulations.) In
1995, the operators of more than 2,000
additional units will join the Acid Rain
Program team.
The government "players" on the team
included Acid Rain Division staff at EPA
Headquarters in Washington, regional
EPA personnel, and representatives of
state and local environmental agencies.
Their goal was to provide maximum start-
up assistance to industry to facilitate
compliance and reduce the need for
enforcement actions.
Team "warm-up" activities included
• conducting a series of technical
conferences on monitoring requirements
and the Emission Tracking System,
• actively participating in industry
sponsored conferences to respond to
questions and stay in touch with the
realities faced by industry,
• developing and disseminating error
checking software,
• establishing an electronic bulletin
board for timely response to policy
questions,
• working one-on-one with every
affected unit to certify monitors and
debug quarterly emission data
submissions, and
• issuing certificates for every emissions
monitor that passed its initial certification
tests.
The Scorecard
Conscientious effort by industry and
government team players is paying off.
3
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4
Milestones Achieved: Nearly all Phase I
units began monitoring emissions as
required by November 15, 1993 and
submitted CEM certification test results
by the December 15, 1993 deadline. As
required, EPA reached determinations on
all complete CEM certification test
submissions within 120 days and on all
Table 1 units by November 1994. A
combination of conscientious industry
effort, support from EPA, and incentives
for superior monitor performance
produced unprecedented certification test
results.
Data Quality: Having an opportunity to
identify and correct data quality problems
proved extremely valuable both for
industry and EPA. Thus, while not
completely free of errors, the 1994
emissions data were sufficiently robust
to derive supportable end-of-year
emission values for each reporting unit.
In a few instances, data reporting
problems necessitated using estimated
values in place of fully monitored values.
Most important, however, the 1994
emission data provides a credible basis
for detecting and correcting errors before
"official" play begins in 1995.
Emission Results: National and state-
level trends in SO2 and NOX emissions
and heat input are depicted in the
graphics on the following pages. C02
emissions in 1994 are also presented.
For SO2 the market approach appears to
be resulting in significant early reductions
in S02 emissions from Table 1 units.
Nationally, for these units SO2 emissions
dropped from an estimated 9.4 million
tons in the 1980 baseline year to 7.4
million tons in 1994. Interestingly, this is
nearly down to the allowance target level
for Table 1 units in 1995. Early
reductions of SO2 may be attributable to
early implementation of emission controls
and fuel switching that will be used to
meet the 1995 SO2 emission limits. The
national trend appears to be repeated at
the state level with practically every
state seeing a proportionate reduction in
1994 SO2 emissions from earlier baseline
levels.
In contrast, the nationwide 1994 NOX
emissions for Table 1 units appear to be
holding relatively steady at earlier
baseline levels, ranging from 1.9 - 2.0
million tons between 1985 and 1994. A
failure to see reductions in NOX emissions
may be attributable to the lag in
promulgating final regulations governing
NOX emissions, the absence of an
allowance market for NOX reductions, and
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the hesitancy of industry to invest in NOX
controls until regulatory uncertainties are
resolved. In keeping with the relative
steadiness of NOX emissions at the
national level, no consistent pattern of
reductions or increases can be found in
state-level NOX emissions.
Heat input, an indicator of the magnitude
in electric generation, suggests modest
growth between 1990 and 1994.
In interpreting all of the trends data, it
must be kept in mind that the 1994
results represent measured values
derived from continuous emission
monitoring systems, whereas the earlier
results represent estimates derived from
fuel analysis (SO2) and emission factors
(NOX). Relatively modest changes in data
values, like those shown for NOX and
heat input, may be attributable to the
different basis of measurement not to
actual changes in emissions. In contrast,
changes like those shown in SO2
emissions are too substantial to simply
be attributable to the different basis of
measurement.
C02 emissions from Table 1 units totaled
approximately 465 million tons in 1994.
The accompanying graphics depict the
state distribution of C02 emissions.
Individual "Stats"
This "Emissions Scorecard" concludes
with a table of S02, NOX, C02, and heat
input data for the complete roster of
Table 1 industry "players." These data,
along with the text and graphics in this
report, are available electronically on the
Internet at the Acid Rain Program's World
Wide Web site:
http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/ardhome.html.
There are no trends data for C02. The
Clean Air Act Amendment's mandate to
collect C02 data is designed to provide
baseline data for future use. Nationally,
5
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Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
6
National Trend
o
£ o
UJ H
1N C
O o
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Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
National Trend
•« _ 1.5
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LU I-
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ll
State Totals
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
1985
78,275
59,116
154,008
194,566
291,613
12,737
NOX in tons
1990
59,857
54,546
146,055
174,712
300,077
15,530
1994
48,244
51,965
84,238
145,769
245,043
15,312
States grouped by their respective EPA regional offices.
1985
1990
1994
1985
1990
1994
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
690
110,442
40,334
14,144
3,300
18,469
162,272
20,848
1,754
113,666
50,161
14,027
7,778
19,000
184,962
18,427
1,802
136,280
62,259
11,539
5,788
9,942
125,450
28,298
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
West Virginia
Wisconsin
12,356
25,050
299,231
151,630
138,230
165,122
59,053
10,901
26,894
306,287
149,588
129,903
166,208
48,387
7,240
16,519
324,863
193,794
194,328
176,725
34,133
National Totals 2,011,486
1,998,720
1,919,532
Note: 1994 emission values obtained from Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS).
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Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Heat Input
States grouped bv their respective EPA regional offices.
State Totals
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
C02 in tons
1994
19,006,148
12,027,236
38,957,929
31,213,953
58,497,975
4,616,328
612,084
28,017,335
11,687,273
3,506,444
1,344,821
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
West Virginia
Wisconsin
National Totals
1994
2,985,042
33,293,886
3,275,615
627,437
8,476,931
71,295,151
43,309,322
35,179,036
45,859,716
11,589,546
465,397,208
8
States grouped by their respective EPA regional offices.
State Totals
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Heat Input in
1990
149,592,710
101,891,046
444,984,386
274,521,947
535,860,762
33,247,345
3,833,333
229,807,746
127,237,731
37,015,329
6,023,365
mmBtu
1994
184,301,440
125,214,800
384,003,031
303,530,942
564,918,644
44,354,269
6,008,890
229,818,455
114,963,384
34,176,584
11,378,076
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
West Virginia
Wisconsin
National Totals
1990
44,645,381
295,581,941
26,398,228
14,847,944
129,981,035
708,860,873
433,809,463
290,866,026
400,530,464
92,961,771
4,382,498,826
1994
29,094,040
324,668,819
31,862,075
15,206,692
88,513,683
687,531,647
419,618,730
335,910,195
422,039,132
111,537,464
4,468,650,932
Note: 1994 emission values obtained from Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS).
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO2 , NOx, and CO 2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of §73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE PLANT NAMF. STACK/UNIT IP
ALABAMA COLBERT CSCO14 (1,2,3,4)
5
E C GASTON CSOCAN (1 ,2)
CSOCBN (3,4)
5
FLORIDA BIG BEND [5, 6] CS001 (BB01,BB02)
BB03
CRIST 6
7
GEORGIA BO WEN 1BLR
2BLR
3BLR
4BLR
HAMMOND CS001 (1,2,3)
4
JACK MCDONOUGH CS001 (MB1.MB2)
WANSLEY 1
2
YATES Y1BR
CS001 (Y2BR,Y3BR)
CS002 (Y4BR,Y5BR)
Y6BR
Y7BR
ILLINOIS BALDWIN 1
2
3
COFFEEN CS0001 (01,02)
GRAND TOWER 9
HENNEPIN 2
JOPPA STEAM CS1(1,2)
CS2 (3,4)
CS3 (5,6)
KING AID CS0102(1,2)
MEREDOSIA 5
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
93,210 88,822 54,589 40,085
36,410 52,318 21,511 44,898
47,710 44,082 47,495 29,863
48,310 46,854 43,156 31,353
75,510 68,352 69,948 63,044
110,001 110,001 89,200 95,695
32,901 32,901 57,880 63,368
22,540 27,469 29,138 21,455
35,210 55,921 50,262 37,106
71,428 71,428 48,793 39,437
63,727 63,727 58,068 46,299
82,488 82,488 71,224 62,456
87,659 87,659 77,321 50,550
22,660 28,895 26,322 7,569
25,910 35,539 36,412 7,268
66,487 66,487 56,077 22,563
120,370 128,505 111,980 71,386
96,870 120,146 111,984 72,659
11,673 11,673 9,892 4,082
22,478 22,478 14,391 5,220
29,512 29,512 21,059 5,557
42,207 42,207 29,570 11,048
23.974 23,974 29,854 10,521
81,560 89,277 82,932 89,050
96,330 78,477 92,830 83,798
88,130 96,840 54,763 64,719
140,629 140,629 114,315 76,707
9,754 9,754 7,894 9,458
31,650 39,436 27,499 24,624
33,970 34,939 38,105 10,252
35,360 37,682 41,555 7,993
32,830 35,763 42,543 47,969
189,280 173,961 166,399 155,497
27,015 27,015 15,013 22,570
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
21,126 18,599 13,250
12,515 5,612 12,017
14,165 12,135 6,592
15,057 10,930 6,441
15,412 12,581 9,946
34,592 27,940 31,152
8,391 11,433 10,118
5,303 5,552 4,403
10,830 9,621 6,292
13,175 11,766 10,115
14,768 14,060 10,240
17,052 16,925 14,201
18,123 18,485 12,068
9,662 8,504 2,791
11,893 11,841 1,663
10,395 10,611 9,149
19,088 17,045 9,166
17,846 17,046 8,942
1,979 1,859 1,239
3,811 2,685 850
5,002 3,918 933
7,151 5,601 1,144
4,063 5,709 1,736
27,743 25,722 31,238
33,453 28,689 24,988
12,332 6,941 5,059
36,326 30,921 31,781
1,912 1,424 1,404
5,365 4,035 3,228
6,788 7,601 2,598
7,306 8,263 2,658
6,939 8,471 7,602
50,037 48,339 30,844
3,938 2,268 3,343
CO2 (tons)
1994
5,175,340
2,996,555
2,613,005
2,756,121
5,465,127
4,973,426
3,127,863
1,343,121
2,582,826
4,395,136
5,185,736
7,263,412
5,863,752
746,054
742,140
3,066,258
4,560,449
4,451,469
441,178
332,885
350,649
707,215
851,597
3,599,938
3,386,672
2,737,174
5,066384
437,866
1,126,759
2,772,785
2,813,041
2,938,294
4,738,689
1,032,215
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1990 1994
42,021,862 50340,61 S
12,533,857 28,685,738
28374,165 25364,861
25,549,008 26,852,727
41,113,818 53,057,496
40,169,528 56,514,431
27351,449 30,435,762
12,562397 13,090,843
21,807,672 25,173,764
38,037,093 42,837,570
45,497,555 50,543,238
54,713,624 70,793,487
59,658399 57,151,619
20,740,726 11,567,611
28,855,929 7,233351
33,694,167 29,885,516
50,089,022 44,448,818
50,104,671 43386,662
5,949,961 4,299,978
8,596,900 3,244,479
12,547,589 3,417,605
18,062,672 6,892,964
18,436,078 8300,133
30,208,270 35,099,112
33,671,639 32,994,804
20,101,746 26,667,504
35,424,535 49340,417
3,140,075 4,265,075
11,249,224 10,970,654
23,272,171 27,087,829
25324,781 27,478,561
25,938,128 28,551,038
53,747,889 45,517,672
6,794,793 10,060,575
Emission Trends
http://www. epa.gov/docs/acidrain/ ardhome.html
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO 2 , NOx, and CO2 Emissions and Heal Input for 263 units in Table 1 of §73. JO (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE
INDIANA
IOWA
PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
VERMILION 2
BAILLY CS001/CS002 (7,8)
BREED 1
CAYUGA 1
2
CLIFTY CREEK CS001 (1,2,3)
CS002 (4,5,6)
ELMER W STOUT 50
60
70
F B CULLEY 2
3
FRANK ERATTS 1SG1
2SG1
GIBSON CS0003 (1,2)
CS0004 (3,4)
HTPRITCHARD[1] 6 (CS596-5)
MICHIGAN CITY 12
PETERSBURG CS292(1,2)
R GALLAGHER CS0001 (1,2)
CS0002 (3,4)
TANNERS CREEK U4
W ABASH RIVER CS0005 (1,2,3,5,6)
WARRICK [6] 4
BURLINGTON [6] 1
DES MOINES 1 1
GEORGE NEAL NORTH 1
MILTON L KAPP 2
PRAIRIE CREEK 4
RIVERSIDE 9
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
16,440 18,600 14,049 11,227
50,160 39,186 67,022 7,939
72,890 70,365 32,895 0
54,720 56,848 64,250 62,802
63,620 69,254 53,063 52380
149,630 136,454 133,175 120,628
146,110 132,408 142,719 133,428
5,665 5,665 4,122 9,384
7,743 7,743 3,419 6,597
35,007 35,007 25,185 36,789
16,860 16,361 16,623 5,952
41,630 38,456 27,327 37,849
19,069 19,069 17,186 22,200
18,436 18,436 20,546 18,884
148,170 149,331 133,241 90,332
163,020 145,338 126,907 81,449
10,270 7,586 9,155 3,327
63,100 45,434 46,770 14496
96,440 74,875 88,438 83,796
30,540 20,948 15,395 24,882
30,490 42,863 31,063 38,098
59,646 59,646 72,283 46,705
58,510 54,350 59,698 40,178
23,900 58,813 36,127 53,723
22,440 23,093 18,448 9,228
2,490 2,490 0 0
2,480 1,048 1,755 3,608
30,950 31,379 19,151 16,126
9,050 12,466 12,497 4313
4,707 4,707 8,452 13,563
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
2,427 2,038 1,027
12,314 21,718 27,820
16,270 8,271 0
9,003 10,950 5,511
10,967 9,051 4,885
36,920 34,173 34,658
35,827 36,519 39,719
1,141 1,012 1,080
1,560 838 1,428
7,052 6,182 4,605
2,885 3,227 1,119
6,772 5,337 7,154
3,550 3,038 2,677
3,433 3,665 2,774
33,228 32,523 14,362
32,325 30,974 17,413
1,929 2,329 1,395
15,142 21,122 19,592
13,100 13,231 9479
3,517 3,513 3,231
6,974 6,994 5,088
16,360 25,628 21,406
11,787 12,847 7,630
9,557 6,935 12,216
3,418 2,656 1,732
753 0 0
565 5,019 4,544
4,039 3,666 2,479
2,933 2,972 3,944
1,029 1,217 2,613
CO2 (tons)
1994
564,135
3,619,290
3,559,409
3,001,878
4,115,599
4,750,657
558,093
401,716
2,237,986
429,863
1,465,540
985,692
847,482
7,291,784
6^39,581
439,431
2,969,593
4,011308
1,530,167
2,550366
2,267,676
2,774,423
2350,445
1,084,041
0
966,725
1,016,272
740366
808,924
Heat Input (mniBtu)
1990 1994
5,648,696 5,497,701
26361,579 35333,583
0 0
31,543,436 34,692,068
26,083,997 29,258,104
45,733,268 40,095330
48,821,048 46,273,807
3,031,837 5,439,507
2,506,964 3,915356
18387,115 21,812,728
6,878,039 4,187,851
11,226,701 14^84,754
6,445,631 9,438^87
7,780452 8,143380
66,970427 70,724,860
63,760,412 57,918,848
5,847,456 3,077,905
25,769,619 28,979339
39322,120 39,096,566
7,416,643 14,903,160
14,719,184 24,702,405
30,733406 21,435,650
31,774,532 26,899337
14,747,496 24305,819
7,582,757 10459,115
0 0
5321,528 9,586,634
10,907,092 9,905,188
5,932,569 6,918,848
3,503399 7,684,484
Emission Trends
10
http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/ardhome.html
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid
[SO2 , NOx, and CO2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of §73.10
Rain Program
(a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
KANSAS QUINDARO 2
KENTUCKY COLEMAN Cl
C2
C3
COOPER [5, 6] CS1(1,2)
E W BROWN 1
CS003 (2,3)
ELMER SMITH [6] CS001/CS002 (1,2)
GHENT CS001
GREEN RIVER 5
H L SPURLOCK [5, 6] 1
HMP&L STATION 2 CSHOO (H1,H2)
PARADISE 3
SHAWNEE 10
MARYLAND C P CRANE 1
2
CHALK POINT [7] CSE 12(1,2)
MORGANTOWN 1
2
MICHIGAN JH CAMPBELL CS0009(1,2)
1
2
MINNESOTA HIGH BRIDGE [1] 6 (CS0001-3-4-5)
MISSISSIPPI JACK WATSON MS4A/MS4B (4)
MS5A/MS5B (5)
MISSOURI ASBURY 1
JAMES RIVER 5
LABADIE 1
2
3
4
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
16,430 3,255 3,768 6,782
18,537 18,537 24,480 16,881
19,862 19,862 21,286 21,585
19,007 19,007 24,864 17,119
19,260 23,475 18,616 21,135
6,000 6,242 8,700 8,116
49,340 48,606 46,404 45,155
45,350 36,931 50,416 59,275
52,240 71,102 70,203 54,269
12,939 12,939 10,466 13,251
14,650 29,745 26,553 26,019
44,871 44,871 43,690 37,376
113,810 106,835 115,186 132,051
13,980 34,077 1,109 3,269
3,700 9,722 13,878 14,658
6,710 9,657 15,501 14,406
37,760 47,740 62,232 45366
42,350 29,388 47,102 42,410
51,540 37,988 38,188 26,304
52,790 60,530 22,784 23,014
8,320 2,176 1,547 995
19,980 26,218 32,855 21,954
39,490 46,401 54,283 31,994
67,300 68,769 24,938 7,595
10,250 9,096 6,738 4,350
57,660 72,811 75,182 38,964
52,520 63,653 56,627 27,173
59,330 67,587 68,624 46,005
71,730 65,591 49,437 37,950
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
690 1,754 1,802
4,616 5,092 2,044
4,959 4,435 2,570
4,743 5,179 5,036
7,515 6,595 6,326
1,707 2,126 1,506
9,494 9,199 9,837
6,940 10,765 17,923
8,913 10,216 18,343
3,302 2,453 3,149
7,927 8,717 3,830
10,080 8,844 10,012
35,025 39,015 54,475
5,221 1,030 1,230
6,265 6,182 6,985
3,312 6,888 7,749
15,560 17,971 24,735
6,587 10,515 15,728
8,610 8,605 7,063
5,203 4,739 2,782
8,941 9,288 8,757
3,300 7,778 5,788
6,444 7,112 4,644
12,025 11,888 5,298
11,847 13,156 7,771
1,356 1,888 1,078
11,205 11,717 4,653
9,796 8,523 4,495
10,401 10,691 4,768
10,098 7,843 4,239
CO2 (tons)
1994
612,084
915,739
1,113,230
877,778
1,714,758
489,018
3,501,675
2,748,467
5,893,481
730,834
1,626^27
1,788,954
5,527,489
1,089,584
1,068,530
1,042,827
3,308,262
3,744380
2,523,275
3,506,444
1344,821
1 456,460
1,728,582
1,622,685
370,908
3,667,874
2,458,435
4,265,955
3,237,033
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1990 1994
3,833333 6,008,890
10,837340 8,925330
9,439,599 10,850,193
11,004,877 8,555343
15,193,121 17,184,684
4,953,654 4,766,258
29,822,194 33,903,114
18,671,401 18,671,401
30,484325 22,470,294
5376,242 7,123,140
19,797,088 16,017,457
20,192,741 17,433,645
50,494,444 53,297,864
3,540,720 10,619,732
8,941,526 10,407,011
9,982,868 10,155,438
43323,242 33,099,009
35,739,299 36,688,840
29,250,796 24,613,086
15398,430 11,741,911
21,616,899 22,434,673
6,023365 11378,076
16,720,644 12,246,207
27,924,737 16,847,833
14,231334 13,112,255
4,281,609 4,039,847
34,763,543 35,742,485
25,508387 23,949,156
31,749308 41,571,149
23429306 31,541,860
Emission Trends
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid
[SO2 . NOx, and CO2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of §73.10
Rain Program
(a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
MONTROSE 1
CS023 (2,3)
NEW MADRID 1
2
SIBLEY [1] 3 (CS0001-1-2)
SIOUX 1
2
THOMAS HILL [5, 6] MB1
MB2
NEW HAMPSHIRE MERRIMACK 1
2
NEW JERSEY B L ENGLAND [5] 1
2
NEW YORK DUNKIRK [5, 6] CS0003 (3,4)
GREENIDGE **6
MILLIKEN **1
**2
NORTHPORT 1
2
3
PORT JEFFERSON [2,5, 3
4
OHIO ASHTABULA 7
AVON LAKE 1 1
12
CARDINAL CS001 (1)
2
CONES VILLE CSO 1 2 ( 1 ,2)
3
4
EASTLAKE [5] 1
2
3
4
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
62,150 28,740 3,010 4,552
103,780 67,357 5,584 8,018
91,070 74,430 86,810 75,219
113,710 77,895 82,207 64,526
27,060 26,812 39,546 14,038
37,180 42,688 37,663 20,901
58,440 14,504 46,959 35,666
35,874 35,874 22,596 10,669
56,866 56,866 27,005 15,812
14,560 15,258 13,128 16,200
38,940 38,980 27,047 26,175
17,260 16,300 14,367 16,788
16,580 17,822 17,150 16,605
32,230 35,060 44,929 30,925
11.548 11,548 12,448 10,368
13,990 9,400 16,588 16,074
15,630 15,398 16,662 8,094
20,870 27,360 9,555 3,146
19,330 26,583 9,749 7,226
21,710 25,915 9,896 4,958
10,420 10,602 5,387 3,982
13,370 12,195 4,519 4,231
7,260 37,621 36,310 45,789
16,952 16,952 0 0
41,322 41,322 69,097 17,874
31,200 69,012 60,630 74,625
32,900 71,532 86,993 64369
54,710 13,476 17,206 22,318
32,880 9,646 7,618 10,637
71,660 98,256 78,374 74,232
18,280 16,550 15,468 16,648
17,080 17,267 13,212 17330
15,380 19,545 18,486 21,623
27,910 24,997 25,819 9,752
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
2,492 3,565 2,606
5,959 6,630 4,823
22,072 27,606 25,791
22,812 29,156 22,663
10,648 14,667 15,862
16,199 16,250 8,244
5,733 21,220 11,621
8,362 5,321 2,571
13,292 6,729 4,265
5,876 6,083 6,086
14,972 12,344 22,213
5,951 4,962 3,468
6,405 5,939 3,772
6,860 7,644 4,493
2,169 2,287 2,023
1,992 3,346 2,564
3,270 3,308 1,704
2,863 2,519 654
2,792 2,570 1,896
2,718 2,609 1,204
1,113 1,420 904
1,273 1,191 1,077
4,933 3,477 4,855
2,631 0 0
8,883 15,142 9,357
11,768 11,312 16,452
12,351 15,768 13,840
2,998 5,459 5,059
1,788 1,378 2,034
12,602 9,926 9,287
2,156 1,854 2,228
2,255 1,596 1,719
2,554 2,216 2,275
3,285 3,078 1,198
CO2 (tons)
1994
1,220,984
2,197,282
3394,004
3378,416
2,700,589
1357,873
1,906,233
572,208
943,407
1,017320
2,258,295
275,571
351,867
1,924388
748,914
1,245,222
664,644
483,517
1,193,407
842,858
665,658
708323
1366,284
1,953,989
3389,077
2,708,960
999,775
487,463
3356,210
823332
931,776
821,462
474,008
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1990 1994
7,955,611 11,442,252
14,791,074 20,635,036
32,464,734 38,293,812
33364478 36,504,520
15,017,658 21,560,740
19,563,242 13,225,030
25,089,797 18,578,789
6,011328 5,521,298
7,560,732 8,950,590
8,718,106 9,912,691
17,680,122 21,949384
6,753329 7,639,911
8,094,615 7,566,781
26,685,270 19,168,081
7,472,408 7,299326
10,934,170 12,136,666
10,821,880 5,999,067
18,108,559 5,427,785
18,464,417 13,509,761
18,752,898 9,528,286
10,192390 7,481,621
8,549,043 7,963,090
11,452,060 13314,018
0 0
35,406,997 19,044,710
25,914,545 30,811,442
36,206,761 26,402388
7,177,460 9359,696
3,204,027 4,676,631
32,276399 32,554380
6,211,667 8,651,530
5349^70 9,188,122
7,420,918 7,801^65
10356,064 4,614,801
Emission Trends
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO2, NOx, and CO 2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of§73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE
PENNSYLVANIA
PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
5
EDGE WATER 13
GEN J M GAVIN CSO 12(1,2)
KYGER CREEK CS001 (1,2,3,4,5)
MIAMI FORT [5] CS056 (6, 5-1, 5-2)
5
6
7
MUSKINGUM RIVER CS014 (1,2,3,4)
5
NILES 1
2
PICWAY 9
RE BURGER [1, 4, 6] CS0001-1234 (5, 6, 7, 8)
5
6
7
8
W H SAMMIS [5, 6] 5
MS6A/MS6B (6)
7
WALTER C BECKJORD MS51/MS52(5)
6
ARMSTRONG 1
2
BRUNNER ISLAND CS102(1,2)
3
CHESWICK 1
CONEMAUGH [5, 6] 1
2
HATFIELD'S FERRY CS001/CS002 (1, 2, 3)
1
2
3
MARTINS CREEK CS 1 02 ( 1 ,2)
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
79,780 79,918 71,595 69,779
6,149 6,149 7,393 0
368,380 363,249 374,920 382,947
207,620 222,543 249,418 234,171
14,292 21,373 23,001 6,533
38,530 62,456 64,029 46,702
168,250 154,528 144,597 108,723
82,580 98,907 96,272 95318
13,600 14,054 16,082 13,361
11,510 16,264 13,999 15,584
13,671 13,671 15,207 25,276
81,467 60,894 62,597 66,897
19,320 34,632 27,869 26,687
34,000 61,391 55,151 47,888
32,160 54,557 57,748 58,205
18,680 12,735 40,071 9,507
30,310 39,140 52,841 29,426
16,880 16,434 16,961 19,155
16,360 15,423 14,780 6,688
71,830 66,181 71,362 52,738
70,590 58,775 56,798 49,047
41,460 41,927 41,279 51,010
106,280 92,088 79,232 76,893
104,110 89,804 100,056 102,931
175,630 161,081 163,432 168,526
32,640 28,758 25,637 12,812
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
14,441 12,209 10,446
2,101 2,004 0
28,092 26,439 81,939
54,394 57,472 56,214
256 162 67
3,872 3,640 2,145
14,499 14,346 13,509
33,066 31,267 16,969
12,170 12,482 11,812
4,372 5,252 2,804
5,045 4,546 3,115
2,067 2,804 3358
1,153 866 1,242
1,121 902 1,242
3,638 4,876 564
4,555 4,693 324
8,676 7,139 5,464
15,378 14,272 8,024
13,119 14,960 23,726
2,496 5,459 7,244
6,516 9,291 6350
4,883 5,120 6346
4,651 4,477 2,215
14,377 14,125 8,275
12,752 11,174 144*03
9,905 9,984 8,571
16,107 15,087 47,768
15,633 18,141 41,615
39,434 39,640 40,179
8,672 7,040 3,429
CO2 (tons)
1994
3335,859
0
13,980,425
7,883,208
716,262
2,614,715
3,204,287
2,841,616
574,644
672,755
916,592
2,974,282
2^45,193
4,038,089
4,506,967
1313,171
2,164,751
1350,681
464,293
4,067,805
3,708,230
4,195,847
4,970,246
6,639,118
10,249,571
1,036,966
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1220. 1994
29,347,836 32,441306
4,523,862 0
128,558,209 136,707,473
80,594,734 76,834386
412,832 578,856
11,121,330 M99.419
31^10,606 25384,733
40,494,779 30,999,441
27,307,057 27,696,066
6,748351 5,600,821
5,805,523 6,557,064
6,120,970 8,617,169
1,937,572 1,859339
2,017,716 1,936,246
10,937,084 10,495,478
10,530,541 10,105350
16,637,923 21,875,417
33,227,968 39352,940
34,972,971 43,911,550
16,673,747 12,777,991
28,603,094 21,081,619
11,992,808 13,164,550
10,473,815 4,525,284
46,533,995 38,875,764
36,762,623 35,110,760
32,899,426 40,644,776
49,756,638 48,879,879
59,762,954 64,897,455
34,304,196 31,827,188
36,257,651 31,842,813
27,563,857 36,208,556
17,091,694 9,918,872
Emission Trends
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S1AIE
TENNESSEE
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO2 , NOx, and CO 2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of§73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
PORTLAND 1
2
SHAWVILLE [5, 6] 1
2
CS1 (3,4)
SUNBURY 3
4
ALLEN 1
2
3
CUMBERLAND [5, 6] 1
2
GALLATIN CSGA12 (1,2)
CSGA34 (3,4)
JOHNSONVILLE CSJO10 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
ALBRIGHT 3
FORT MARTIN 1
2
HARRISON CS001/CS002 (1, 2, 3)
1
2
3
KAMMER CS013 (1,2,3)
MITCHELL CS012 (1,2)
MT STORM [3, 6] CSO (1,2)
3
EDGEWATER 4
GENOA 1
NELSON DEWEY CS1 (1,2)
NORTH OAK CREEK 1
2
3
4
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
14,050 6,436 9,798 8,762
18,870 10,892 15,627 14,552
14,920 13,485 11,631 11,883
13,040 14,310 11,894 12,251
38,280 36,375 33,724 24,078
4,560 10,046 10,898 7,524
7,550 14,077 12,428 11,729
22,500 21,866 27,967 25,655
25,130 25,986 19,623 24,681
27,840 19,696 11,728 27,313
212,000 148,104 187,582 121,400
155,970 196,049 115,767 154,811
61,260 59,256 71,196 52,167
79,350 71,140 69,801 70,698
138,270 96,124 86,687 131,645
12,380 11,938 9,779 10,469
48,500 44,309 36,064 42,990
49,520 44,824 47,470 43,726
221,390 234,693 289,733 261,018
153,020 157,034 155,373 143,555
174,910 103,326 60,875 81,635
60,480 84,404 96,386 107,165
32,860 43,906 45,453 29,536
50,680 39,722 33,528 21,145
18,400 35,035 29,286 15,024
29,930 25,562 5,798 3,718
9,180 6,810 0 0
12,640 7,916 0 0
12,240 7,184 0 0
12,340 9,323 0 0
NOx Emissions (tons)
198S 1990 1994
1,245 2,023 1,102
2,146 3,187 1,841
3,598 3,464 1,952
3,834 3,358 4,357
6,969 6,695 5,736
3,092 2,829 1,162
4,332 3,244 4,343
9,581 12,956 15,737
11,073 9,203 18,589
8,526 5,355 16,149
28,647 36,893 52,037
37,786 22,753 45,950
8,319 9,822 7,037
9,961 9,617 9,403
24,337 23,304 29,427
2,414 2,304 3,472
9,463 7,809 10,791
13,384 14,480 17,662
40,976 51,051 41,660
35,135 34,616 28,792
36,138 25,228 23,139
18,158 20,911 30,475
9,454 9,809 20,735
16,389 16,577 12,359
6,843 5,101 2,868
10,016 9,202 4,626
1,594 0 0
1,802 0 0
1,640 0 0
2,133 0 0
CO2 (tons)
1994
665,535
1,142,443
791,898
859,462
1,767,982
543^86
855,862
1,568,265
1,796,023
1,716,656
6,836403
7333,725
2,745^42
3,705,861
9,495,062
899,435
3,422,958
3460,751
12354,426
4,519493
8,628,998
8,818,097
3,955,758
2,167,193
1,620,667
1339,423
0
0
0
0
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1990 1224
7,215,528 6,146,167
11,249,322 11,126,070
8,047,484 7,718315
7,790,223 8376,823
•21,812,422 17431,742
6,606,457 4,941,904
7,688,370 8,181,812
16,341,809 14,002,150
11,648,900 17492,406
6,833,948 16,534436
81,356,163 66,445322
49,962,551 67,998,977
31,650,982 26,756,978
31,070,413 36,135412
62,001,260 90,744,914
7,682,667 8,766,413
26,207,504 33362409
34,646,420 31,781420
44,520,158 37,195461
40,034,198 43,813,757
43,113,736 40,837335
45,191,087 42,498,721
57,649,254 82498,776
68,831,474 68,831,474
32,653,966 32,653,966
18,981,488 20,614,720
13,996,932 15,504,668
9,883,777 13,054,049
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Emission Trends
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO2, NOx, and CO2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table 1 of§ 73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
STATE PLANT NAME STACK/UNIT ID
PULLIAM 8
SOUTH OAK CREEK CS3 (5,6)
CS4 (7,8)
NATIONAL TOTALS (Phase L Table 1 units.)
SO2 Emissions (tons)
1980 1985 1990 1994
14,670 10,446 11,151 2,723
23,990 34,334 19,412 8,348
26,090 50,441 35,634 11,706
9,370,633 9,301,985 8,683,230 7379304
NOx Emissions (tons)
1985 1990 1994
2,534 3,190 1,671
7,916 6,326 2,878
8,186 7,991 9,731
2,011,486 1,998,720 1,919,532
CO2 (tons)
1994
904,050
2362,809
3,195,404
465397,208
Heat Input (mmBtu)
1990 1994
6,786,218 8^40,759
15,737,015 22,679,084
27,576,341 31,144,184
4,382,498,826 4.468,650,992
General Notes:
1. Known as Table 1 units, the 263 units appearing here are those listed in Table 1 of 40 CFR 73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations.
2. In the Stack/Unit ID column, the designation "CS" indicates that the emission values are for a "common stack" combining the emissions from multiple units.
For example, "CS1 (3,4)" designates emission values for common stack CS1, which includes the emissions from units #3 and #4.
3. Occasionally, there are differences between the monitoring configuration used for NOx and that used for SO2 and CO2. In particular, SO2 may be
monitored at the common stack level while NOx is monitored at the unit level. In such cases, separate lines will be shown in the table for the
monitored common stack and each of the monitored separate units. For example, at J. H. Campbell, SO2 and CO2 emission values appear on a line
designated CS0009 (1,2) while NOx emissions and heat input values appear on separate lines labeled "1" and "2" for each of the constituent units.
4. In the Stack/Unit ID column, the designation "MS" indicates that the emission values are for "multiple stacks" which exhaust the emissions from a single unit.
For example, "MS4A/MS4B (4)" designates emissions from unit 4 which exhaust through MS4A and MS4B.
5. Asterisks appearing in the Stack/Unit ID column are part of the ID, not references to footnotes.
6. Zeroes appearing in the 1990 and 1994 columns indicate that the unit was retired from operation or non-operational in that year.
7. 1980 SO2 emissions are based on 1980 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) data and EPA's AP42
emission factors. NAPAP data is reported in "The NAPAP Utility Reference File for 1980" (EPA-600/7-86-056a), December 1986, prepared for
U.S. EPA Air and Energy Research Laboratory by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
8. 1985 SO2 emissions are from the National Allowance Data Base (NADB, referenced in the March 23,1993 Federal Register Volume 58 No. 54) and
EPA's AP42 emission factors. NADB data is reported in "The National Allowances Data Base, Version 3.11, Technical Support Document," June 1995,
prepared for U.S. EPA Office of Atmospheric Programs by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
9. 1990 SO2,1985 NOx, and 1990 NOx emissions are based on U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration's Form EIA-767 data and
EPA's AP42 emission factors as described in "National Air Pollution Emission Trends, 1900-1993" (EPA-454/R-94-027), October 1994, prepared for
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards by E.H. Pechan & Associates.
10. 1990 heat input are the values reported by utilities on Form EIA-767 to the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.
11. 1994 emissions and heat input values were derived from long-term hourly data collected using Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS). The data were obtained
from the Quarterly Data Files submitted by utilities in compliance with Phase I of the Acid Rain Program. Except as noted in the footnotes below, the following procedures
were used in computing the indicated 1994 values:
SO2 The values shown in the 1994 SO2 emissions column are the higher of a) the reported cumulative annual SO2 tons emitted (as reported by the utility
in RT 301/26), and b) the EPA calculated sum of the hourly SO2 emissions (as reported by the utility in RT310/25) weighted by the operating time (as reported by the utility
in RT 300/18). The designation (RTxxx/yy) refers to Record Type xxx and Start Column yy as found in EPA's "Electronic Data Reporting," version 1.1.
NOx The values shown in the 1994 NOx emissions column represent the product of the heat input (RT300/36) and the NOx emission rate (RT 320/42) for each hour
summed over the entire year.
Emission Trends
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Emissions Trends Through 1994 Under the Acid Rain Program
[SO2 , NOx, and CO 2 Emissions and Heat Input for 263 units in Table I of§73.10 (a) of the Acid Rain Regulations]
CO2 The values shown in the 1994 CO2 emissions column are the reported cumulative annual CO2 tons emitted that appears in RT 301/72.
Heat Input The values shown in the 1994 heat input column are the reported cumulative annual heat inputs (RT301/92).
12. Statutory NOx emission limits have been established for 168 of the 263 units shown in this table. These units are known as Phase I, Group 1 boilers. Those with tangentially
fired boilers have an emission limit of 0.45 Ib/mmBtu, whereas wall-fired units have an emission limit of 0.50 Ib/mmBtu.
Footnotes:
[ 1 ] For Table 1 units sharing a common stack with reporting substitution units, the values appearing in the 1994 SO2 emissions column represent an
apportionment of reported emissions between the Table 1 and substitution units. The apportionment was performed to allow publishing baseline
emissions data for Table 1 sources only. The common stacks falling in this category include H T Pritchard CS596, High Bridge CS0001, Sibley CS0001,
and R E Burger CS0001. The apportionment is denoted in the "STACK/UNIT ID" column by a subtraction of the appropriate unit ID's from
the common stack ID. For example, the designation "6 (CS596-5)" indicates that the emissions value for H.T. Pritchard unit 6 was obtained by
subtracting the emissions of unit 5 from the emissions reported for common stack CS596.
[2] For Port Jefferson units 3 and 4, the values appearing in the 1994 SO2 emissions column are based on the EPA calculated sum of the reported hourly SO2
emissions (RT310/25) weighted by the reported operating time (RT300/18), since an error caused an incorrectly high value for the reported cumulative
annual SO2 emitted (RT301/26).
[3] For Mt. Storm common stack CSO and unit 3, all 1994 values are not the ones reported but are estimates. Technical problems with the plant's
monitoring instrumentation in the first three quarters of 1994, produced severely incorrect annual heat input and emissions values. Therefore, SO2
and CO2 annual emissions were estimated from fourth quarter data. For SO2 the sum of the hourly SO2 emissions adjusted for bias (RT310/25)
weighted by the reported operating time (RT300/18) was multiplied by four. For CO2 the reported fourth quarter emissions value (RT301/62) were
multiplied by four. 1994 NOx mass emissions were estimated by calculating the product of the 1990 heat input times the pre-control emission rate.
Heat input for 1990 was used as an estimate for the 1994 heat input.
[4] For R.E. Burger units 5 and 6 no hourly heat input (RT300/36) data were reported. This prevented calculation of annual NOx mass emissions. An
estimate of annual NOx emissions was derived by multiplying the reported annual heat input (RT301/92) by the annual average NOx emission rate (RT301/49).
[5] When the value reported as the 1994 cumulative annual CO2 emissions (RT301/72) differed by more than 5% from the year's sum of the quarterly
CO2 values (RT301/62) reported for the year, then a case-by-case examination was made of the reported data to determine if the reported cumulative
annual value was most reasonable. Based on such an evaluation, the sum of reported quarterly CO2 values was used, rather than the reported cumulative
annual CO2 value, for Big Bend, Cooper, H. L. Spurlock, Thomas Hill, B. L. England, Dunkirk, Port Jefferson, Eastlake, Miami Fort, W. H. Sammis,
Conemaugh, Shawville, and Cumberland.
[6] When the value reported as the 1994 cumulative annual heat input (RT301/92) differed by more than 10% from the year's sum of the quarterly heat
input values (RT301/82) reported for the year, then a case-by-case examination was made of the reported data to determine if the reported cumulative
annual value was most reasonable. Based on such an evaluation, the sum of reported quarterly heat input values was used, rather than the reported
cumulative annual heat input value, for Big Bend, Burlington, H. L. Spurlock, Thomas Hill, Port Jefferson, W. H. Sammis, Conemaugh, Shawville,
and Cumberland. For Warrick, Cooper, and Dunkirk the 1994 heat input was calculated from the year's sum of hourly reported heat input (RT 300/36).
For Elmer Smith, R. E. Burger, and Mt. Storm the 1990 heat input value was substituted for the 1994 heat input.
[7] Due to a problem in the fourth quarter heat input data, the 1994 heat input for Chalk Point was estimated from the quarterly values reported in the
first three quarters.
Emission Trends 16 http://www.qM.gov/docs/aoidrain/ardhome.htnil
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