United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research EPA-600/2-79-1 50
Laboratory August 1979
Ada OK 74820
Research and Development
Livestock and the
Environment
A Bibliography with
Abstracts, Volume VI
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1 Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6 Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution-sources to meet environmental quality standards.
I his document is available to the public through the National I echnical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
-------
EPA-600/2-79-150
August 1979
LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT
A Bibliography with Abstracts
Volume VI
by
M. L. Rowe
Linda Merryman
Animal Waste Technical Information Center
School of Environmental Science
East Central Oklahoma State University
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Grant No. R805151-02
Project Officer
R. Douglas Kreis
Source Management Branch
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADA, OKLAHOMA 74820
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
11
-------
FOREWORD
The Environmental Protection Agency was established to coordinate
administration of the major Federal programs designed to protect the quality
of our environment.
An important part of the Agency's effort involves the search for
information about environmental problems, management techniques and new
technologies through which optimum use of the nation's land and water
resources can be assured and the threat pollution poses to the welfare
of the American people can be minimized.
EPA's Office of Research and Development conducts this search
through a nationwide network of research facilities„
As one of these facilities, the Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory is responsible for the management of programs to
(a) investigate the nature, transport, fate and management of pollutants
in groundwater; (b) develop and demonstrate methods for treating waste-
waters with soil and other natural systems; (c) develop and demonstrate
pollution control technologies for irrigation return flows, (d) develop
and demonstrate pollution control technologies for animal production
wastes; (e) develop and demonstrate technologies to prevent, control
or abate pollution from the petroleum refining and petrochemical in-
dustries, and (f) develop and demonstrate technologies to manage pollution
resulting from combinations of industrial wastewaters or industrial/
municipal wastewaters.
This report is a contribution to the Agency's overall effort in ful-
filling its mission to improve and protect the nation's environment for
the benefit of the American public.
tt)jM^*™j C, ^
William C. Galegar, Director
Robert S» Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
iii
-------
ABSTRACT
Management and research information on animal wastes has expanded in
recent years. This material has appeared in such diverse sources as journal
articles, conference papers, university publications, government publications,
magazine articles, books or book chapters, and theses. This bibliography was
compiled in order to speed the flow of information on findings in one segment
of the livestock industry to other segments that could benefit from this
technology.
Included in this publication are the following indexes: (1) author,
(2) animal information categories and (3) keyword index. These indexes
are followed by a section of abstracts of each reference entry found in the
bibliography. v Single copies of most articles can be obtained in hard copy
or microfiche form at cost from the Animal Waste Technical Information Center,
East Central Oklahoma State University, Ada, Oklahoma 74820.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Grant Number R-805151-02 by
the School of Environmental Science, East Central Oklahoma State University,
Ada, Oklahoma, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. This report covers the period March 1, 1978, to February 28, 1979,
and work was completed as of February 28, 1979.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgements vi
1. Introduction 1
2. User's Guide 3
3. Author Index 7
4. Animal Information Category Index 11
5. Keyword Index (Addendum to Volume V) 18
6. Keyword Index (Volume VI) 70
7. Abstracts 117
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This bibliography was prepared under the auspices of the School of
Environmental Science, East Central Oklahoma State University, under U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Grant Number R-805151-02. M. ,L. Rowe,
the principal investigator, was assisted by Linda Merryman in the compilation
of this bibliography. Student personnel deserving special mention for their
contributions to this effort are: Darla Stettler, Myrna Stiles, Kathy Hudson,
and Robert Bates.
The project staff extends its gratitude to the authors and publishers
for use of their publications in these bibliographic entries. Work con-
tributed by Laurin Patton, Assistant Professor in the School of Environmental
Science at East Central Oklahoma State University, is deeply appreciated.
Special thanks is also extended to EPA Project Officer R. Douglas Kreis for
his assistance in the preparation of this bibliography.
vi
-------
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Evolving regulations and aims pertaining to pollution abatement and
control have necessitated a timely and well-dispersed flow of pertinent
information concerning animal waste management so that capital investments
in the animal production industry can be made on the basis of the most recent
research and operational findings. In many activities, industrial and manu-
facturing organizations or associations provide the linkage channels through
which such information may flow. The wide range in operation sizes and
makeup, the geographic factors, and the dictates of the local or regional
markets make widespread dissemination of animal waste management information
difficult even through the established communication networks such as breed
associations, farm organizations, and the popular agricultural press. Common
properties and characteristics of animal wastes enable technological trans-
fers to occur in the production operations from one species to another.
Publicizing practices of findings in one segment of the livestock production
industry can spread new ideas and techniques to other segments of the indus-
try.
The objective of this project is to facilitate the dissemination and
technological transfer of information on the management and disposal of
animal wastes throughout the livestock industry. Identification and location
of pertinent information generated in the production operations of poultry,
swine, cattle, fish, and other animals of economic interest raised in open
or confined systems is accomplished through searches of technical journals,
books, theses, reports from private, state and federal agencies, papers given
at meetings of professional societies or symposiums, and articles appearing
in the trade or production-oriented "farm" magazines.
The search topics of specific interest include: (1) The environmental
impact of animal production activities on water, groundwater, air, soil
systems, health, and aesthetics. (2) Feedlot, confinement pen, rangeland,
and pasture land management, including animal waste management; the use of
chemical fertilizers, manures, green manures, and sewage sludge in conjunc-
tion with animal production areas or animal production-related areas; and
pollution effects of crop residues, soil losses and sediments production
from animal production areas to animal production-related areas. (3) Legal,
economic, and social constraints. (4) Research and development. The project
staff will maintain a file copy of all articles which appear in the bibli-
ography. Upon request to the project staff, users will be supplied a copy
of individual articles at cost provided that copyright permission has been
obtained.
-------
An updated bibliography of animal waste management information is pre-
pared annually. It contains entries and abstracts for all new items main-
tained in the collection at the Animal Waste Technical Information Center.
It is anticipated that users of this bibliography will secure pertinent
publications from local libraries or through interlibrary loan. However,
single copies of most publications (those for which copying approval has
been obtained from copyright owners) may also be obtained upon request in
hard copy or microfiche form at a cost-only fee frpm the following address:
Mrs. Linda Merryman, Project Librarian
Animal Waste Technical Information Center
School of Environmental Science
East Central Oklahoma State University
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
-------
SECTION 2
USER'S GUIDE
The entries in this bibliography have been assigned a specific cross ref-
erence code. The code number consists of nine digits (example: 300-74-4453)
arranged in the sequences of a three-digit class code, a two-digit number
representing the year of publication or presentation, and a four-digit acces-
sion number identifying each article brought into the animal waste informa-
tion collection. The first grouping identifies the class code of the docu-
ment according to the following format:
Code Class
100 Technical journal paper
200 Conference proceeding paper
300 University or government publication
400 Magazine article
500 Book or chapter from a book
600 Unpublished paper
700 Thesis
This publication consists of five sections: Author Index, Animal In-
formation Category Index, Keyword Index (Addendum to Volume V), Keyword Index
(Volume VI), and Abstracts. An explanation of each section follows,
AUTHOR INDEX
This index lists all the authors cited in the bibliography in alphabet-
ical order. To the right of each author entry is the cross reference code
of the article or articles with which he is identified. An example of the
format is as follows.
ALDRICH S 400 78 4912
ALICH J A JR 100 78 5001
ALLEN K 400 78 4848
AMIR I 200 77 4774
ANCA 600 75 5150
ANDERSEN J R 300 74 4700
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
To provide a quick entry into the abstract holdings of the collection,
an animal information code was developed. This code utilizes an alphabetical
entry to signify a broad interest area and a numerical digit to designate a
more specific topic under the broad interest area. Each abstract in the
collection is classified according to this code and could be listed under
the most relevant categories. This provides the user with an easy entry
into the abstract holdings pertaining to his information needs. An outline
of the categories of information may be found on the next page.
-------
CATEGORIES OF ANIMAL INFORMATION
Interest Area
A. Environmental Effects
Topic Area
1. General
2. Surface Runoff from Animal
Production
3. Surface Runoff from Agricul-
tural Watersheds
4. Surface Water Pollution
5. Groundwater Pollution
6. Odor
7. Air
8. Soil Systems
9. Biocides
10. Vectors
11. Animal Health
12. Public Health
13. Aesthetics
. Management of Animal Production
and Related Operations
C. Characteristics of Animal Wastes
P. Treatment Processes
E. Utilisation and Disposal
1.
2,
3.
4.
5.
1.
2 i
3.
4.
General
Liquid Systems
Solid Systems
Storage
Pasture Land and Cropland
Management
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Physical
Chemical
Biological
General
Land Disposal or Reuse
Recycling
Bv-Product Recovery
V. General
3.
4.
Economics
Legalities
Policy Needs
Overviews
-------
The entries in the Animal Information Category Index appear by accession
number under the code number as found in the following example.
Cl
4670
4676
4687
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
This index supplements Volume V of Livestock and the Environment; A
Bibliography with Abstracts which was published in June, 1978. The index con-
sists of an alphabetical listing of significant words in an article or in the
title of an article. To the right of the keyword are the first 85 characters
contained in the title or the title and a listing of keywords, if the title
is short. To the left of the keyword is the nine digit cross reference code
of the article ascribed to by the keyword. The cross reference code allows
the user to look up the abstract for additional information about the title.
An example of this index format is:
400 77 7179
400 77 4333
700 74 4345
200 77 4279
400 71 4413
200 71 4457
300 75 4029
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COST-SHARING
COST-SHARING
COST-SHARING
CROPLANDS
FLY CONTROL THAT COSTS ALMOST
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE SOIL
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
This is the keyword index for the abstracts found in this volume.
arrangement is exactly as that described above.
ABSTRACTS
Its
This section contains the abstracts of the information entries contained
in the bibliography. Each entry includes the title of the informational ma-
terial, the author or authors, the bibliographic citation, keywords, and the
abstract. The abstracts are arranged sequentially by an assigned accession
number which specifically identifies the article in the collection. To the
right of the accession number are the animal information category code num-
bers assigned to the abstract entry.
-------
SECTION 3
AUTHOR INDEX
This index lists all the authors cited in the bibliography in alphabeti-
cal order. To the right of each author entry is the cross reference code of
the article or articles with which he is identified, Please refer to "Sec-
tion 2: User's Guide" for examples.
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
AASEN A K
ABRAHAM M
ADAMS S N
AODERLEY A E
AOKINS T R JR
AFOLABI S 0
ALOEN S
ALORICH S
ALICH J A JR
ALLEN K
AMIR I
ANCA
ANDERSEN J R
ANINGE A J
ANSCHUTZ J A
APPLETON H
ARAI2A A
ARMBRUSt D V
ARNOUX L
ARORA C L
ASHFIELD G
ASSOCIATED PRESS
AUMAITRE A
AUSTIC R E
BAINES S
BALDWIN L B
BALLARO R J
BALLINGTON P E
BANGAR A R
BARKER J C
BARREVELD W H
BARTH C L
BARTLETT H 0
BASHFORD L L
BAUR R J
BAYLEY R H
BEAN T A
BEARD W E
BEAUCHAMP E
BELL J B
BERGER J
BERGMAN E
BERGMAN E L
BERNARD C R
BESSCN J M
BEYERLE1N 0 C
BHUMBLA D R
BISHOP K A
BLACKWOOD T R
BLAHA K
BLAIR R
BLOONE P D
BLUME R R
BOGEL K
BOGOEV -N
80LTON W
BONCIARELLI F
BOS R E
BOSCHI V
BOSWELL C C
BQHEN H R
BOYO C E
BRAITHWAITE D C
BRASELL J 0
BRESSLER G 0
BROGAN J C
BROOKS C C
BROTEN D A
BROKN K H
BROWN R D JR
BROWN R "H
BRUNE D E
BUBENZCR G 0
BUCK D H
BULLEY N R
BURFORD J JR
BURFORO J L JR
BURFORD J R
BURGER H J
BURKE 0 P
BURLEY N J
BUSCH C D
BUTTERWORTH B
BYRNES J
CAKAJOA E
CALVERI C C
CAHPBEI.L K L
200
100
300
100
100
100
100
400
400
100
400
200
600
300
100
200
100
100
100
200
100
400
400
100
100
100
200
300
100
100
400
200
200
500
400
200
100
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
400
100
300
200
200
100
400
300
100
300
300
500
100
200
100
500
500
200
200
200
100
200
700
200
100
100
100
300
100
200
200
300
200
100
200
400
400
400
100
200
100
100
500
300
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
400
500
100
200
200
71
76
74
76
77
78
78
78
78
77
78
77
75
74
78
77
76
77
77
76
75
78
78
77
78
73
76
78
75
7B
77
78
77
78
76
77
77
77
77
78
77
77
78
77
77
78
76
70
77
76
77
74
77
77
77
76
77
76
77
77
76
73
76
75
76
76
76
73
73
78
78
65
70
76
78
78
76
78
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
76
76
76
75
76
77
77
74
77
7B
77
78
77
78
4687
5232
5006
4843
5064
4889
4912
5001
5091
5138
4848
4774
5150
4700
4890
4811
5018
4815
4753
4735
4678
5059
4849
5243
5040
5167
5114
5010
4956
5235
4684
4776
5113
5268
4693
4755
4934
4957
4777
4914
5309
5179
5093
4955
5177
4746
5204
5070
5191
5248
4974
4927
5087
4751
5035
5281
5030
4775
4995
5273
5300
4916
4919
4962
4963
4722
4805
4712
4689
4801
5057
5142
5133
5191
4740
5172
5227
4663
5117
4789
4791
4793
5144
5227
5309
5159
4965
4824
5119
5120
5021
5149
5179
4703
4691
4692
5266
4858
4794
5105
CAMPLING R C
CAPENER H R
CARMAN H f
CARR D E
CARROLL E J
CASWELL L F
CATROUX G
CAVENY D 0
CHANG T S
CHAPMAN J A
CHAUDHRI K G
CHEEKE P R
CHE5NEY K F
CHESNIN L
CHEVERRY C
CHILLAR K S
CHRISTENSEN J
CLARK E
CLARKE R M
COLLINS D P
COLLINS F. C JR
COLLINS E R JR
COMBS R L JR
CONVERSE J C
COOK C W
COON C N
COOTE D R
COTTENIE A
100
300
300
300
400
100
100
200
100
100
300
200
100
100
400
100
200
100
200
400
400
200
400
200
200
300
100
200
100
100
100
700
200
COUN AG SCI AND TECH300
COUN AGR SCI £ TECH
CRAWFORD J A
CRAWFORD N H
CROMACK H I H
CULLEY 0 0 JR
CURL T
CURTIS J 0
CURTIS S E
OAILEY D
DANA G R
DANIEL R M
OATTA N P
DAVENPORT D G
OAVIS H R
DAVIS S
DAHSON J
DAY 0 L
OE BORGER R
UE HANN F A M
OE LA LANDE CREMER
DENDY W L
DENIT J D
OESHPANDE T L
OETAR H R
OETERLING DEL
OEV S P
DICKEY E C
OIEKER R
DIJKSTRA R G
OINAUER R C
OIXON J E
DODD V
DONALD A D
DONIGIAN A S JR
DORAN J H
DORLING T A
DORNBUSH J N
DOUGLAS J C
DOWNEY N E
DOWNING A G
DOWNING C G E
DROEVEN G
ORONEN N 0
DRUMMONO J G
DUNNING L L
DUQUE J A
DURST D 6
DUTHION C
EASTBURN R P
EBY H J
EGGINS HOW
EHLERS M H
300
100
300
100
300
400
200
400
300
400
JOO
100
100
100
300
100
400
400
400
ZOO
400
100
500
200
200
L200
100
500
100
100
200
200
400
100
100
200
100
100
500
200
200
100
200
100
300
300
300
100
100
300
100
200
100
100
200
300
400
300
300
300
200
200
100
100
500
200
70
76
78
76
77
78
78
76
78
78
77
76
76
77
78
77
76
72
76
7B
78
78
77
76
75
78
77
77
77
7d
77
73
76
78
76
77
76
73
78
77
75
78
77
7B
78
78
75
78
76
77
78
78
78
77
77
77
77
76
76
76
78
77
75
74
78
77
77
76
77
77
78
77
77
74
77
78
76
78
76
77
76
78
77
74
73
76
76
77
76
78
78
77
78
78
76
76
78
78
76
77
4676
5065
5142
4940
5004
5308
4877
4741
5045
4857
4923
4869
4863
4895
4660
4970
4717
4844
4736
4830
4634
5112
5141
4714
5083
5055
5180
4769
4953
5039
4856
4864
4719
5079
4870
5076
4925
5085
5231
4798
4750
4841
4866
5132
5201
5095
4696
5233
5090
4946
4836
4975
5190
4810
4933
5008
5286
4725
4723
4710
5051
5272
5235
5262
5103
5237
4847
5029
4664
4961
5038
4813
4900
4757
4766
5145
4738
5170
4925
4927
4964
5015
5239
4700
5184
4728
5030
4855
4737
5176
4841
4866
5218
5202
4792
4708
4694
5051
5225
4806
EKSTEEN R
EL BOUSHY A R
ELIAS A
ELLIOTT L F
ELLIOTT L R
ELLIS J R
ELLIS L V
ELMUNO G K
ELSON H A
EMMANUEL B
ENV PROTECTION
ERNST H
ESMAY M
ESM4Y M L
EVANS E
EVANS G M
EVANS J 0
EVANS M R
EVANS S D
FAIRBANK W C
FARKAS P
FEHR R L
FIELD A C
FIRLUS I
FISCHER J R
FISHMAN P H
FLEGAL C J
FLETCHER W J
FLINDERS J T
FOERSTER E P
FOLTZ J W
FONTENOT J P
FORDHAM H W
FOREE G
FORSTER D L
FOX E A
FRERE M H
FRIES G F
FULHAGE C D
FULLER W H
GARDNER F A
GARTON J E
GASPER E
GATTANI P D
GAUR A C
GEISSLER H
GEORGACAKIS D
GEORGE J A
GEORGE R M
GERHAROT R R
GERRISH J B
GERRITSE R G
GEX V E
GHOLSON J H
GIDOENS J
GILBERTSON C b
GILBERTSON C G
GILLESPIE H C
G1LI.EY J R
GINN1VAN M J
GOHL B
GOLAN F A
GULUEKE C G
GOLUEKE G
GOODRICH P R
GRAETZ 0 A
GRENINGER T J
GRUB W
GUENZI W D
GUERIN-ANCEY 0
GULATI K C
GUNN I W
HAGHIRI F
HAIG 0 A
HALL F
HALLIGAN J E
HAMILTON H E
100
400
100
200
100
100
100
100
200
700
100
200
100
AGNCY300
400
200
200
500
500
100
100
200
500
200
100
100
200
500
200
100
500
200
300
200
200
100
100
200
100
200
300
100
300
300
300
300
200
300
100
400
100
200
500
100
200
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
100
200
300
300
200
100
100
100
300
300
200
100
200
200
200
300
100
100
200
100
100
100
400
500
100
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
300
200
76 5060
77 4790
77 5313
76 4964
77 4987
78 5015
78 5052
7B 5054
73 4782
76 4666
77 5016
76 5000
78 4911
73 4826
78 5012
77 5311
74 4757
77 5270
77 5282
78 4879
78 4880
77 4769
77 4904
72 4818
73 5167
77 4945
75 4784
77 5296
76 4749
77 5096
77 5295
77 4867
4916
78 5195
78 5230
77 4766
78 5046
71 4762
77 5076
74 4781
78 5037
78 4877
78 5201
78 5202
78 5203
74 5213
73 4783
78 5131
57 4980
77 5056
77 5007
77 4867
77 4905
77 5032
77 4775
77 4895
76 5062
75 4679
76 4729
77 4607
78 5104
73 4782
77 4953
77 4896
77 4962
5010
76 4721
77 4868
78 5060
57 4980
78 5231
74 5213
74 4758
77 4914
78 5102
78 5109
78 5156
78 5168
78 5148
78 5136
74 4780
77 5181
76 4912
77 5032
73 5192
77 5026
77 4945
76 5005
77 4794
77 4810
74 4781
78 4955
76 4827
70 4874
65 5133
78 5173
72 4696
77 5311
78 4952
77 4809
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
HANSEN L B
HAROV C
HARPER J H
HARPSTER H M
HARRIS H E
HARTENSTEIN R
HARTUNG J
HASHIMOTO A G
HATAH M
HATFIELO E E
HAWKINS J C
HAZEN T E
HEAD J
HEGG R 0
HEIN M B
HELLICKSON M A
HENRY A E
HEPHERD R 0
HERLIHY P
HERMANSON R E
HIJIKURO S
HILEMAN L H
HILL D T
HILL IGER H G
HILLIKER F
HI NT ON C F
HOBS ON P N
HOCHMAN E
HODGSON J H
HOELSCHER M
HOJOVEC J
HOLT R F
HORE F P
HORE F R
HORSFIELD B
HOSSNER L R
HOUGHTON J A
HOHELL E S
HOYT G D
HOYT P B
HROMADKA M
HRUBANT G R
HUDSON 1
HUDSON J T R
HUFFMAN W J
HUGH W I
HUGHES H A
HUHNKE R L
HULO T
HUMENIK F J
HUMMEL J W
HUNTER J S I I I
1ANNOTTI E L
ILL POLL CONTROL
IYENGAR ERR
JACKSON H A
JACOBSON L D
JAGIRDAR H S
JAIN S V
JARVIS R H
JASPER D E
JAYNES W
JELINEK T
JEWELL H J
JOFRIET J C
JOHNSON B
JOHNSON H S
JOHNSON J C JR
JOHNSON H L
JOHNSTON N P
JOHORAR L R
JONAS J
JONES D C
JONES D D
100
100
200
100
700
100
100
200
100
100
400
200
100
400
400
400
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
200
200
100
400
300
200
200
100
100
400
100
200
200
100
200
400
500
500
100
200
100
100
300
100
200
100
100
300
300
400
100
300
200
300
200
200
100
200
200
200
200
300
300
200
80 300
300
300
300
100
100
100
200
100
100
300
100
100
500
300
300
300
500
100
400
100
400
400
100
100
500
100
300
200
700
300
300
78
77
78
78
74
76
77
78
76
78
77
76
77
74
78
78
76
77
74
77
78
78
76
73
76
77
76
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
76
77
76
78
77
77
77
71
77
78
78
77
74
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
75
77
77
77
78
74
78
78
74
73
72
74
76
77
78
78
73
76
77
78
78
77
78
76
78
77
78
78
77
77
78
78
74
77
75
76
77
76
77
85
4929
5261
5101
4842
4898
4971
5242
4947
5140
4878
4933
4731
5258
4990
5215
4693
4755
4957
5017
4773
5186
5040
4891
5184
4738
4806
5304
4837
4865
4763
4765
4934
5242
4852
5033
5097
51 99
5028
4756
4699
5275
5301
4881
4747
4856
5056
5175
5135
4787
4860
5077
4745
5183
4796
5159
4952
5127
5172
5108
4750
5253
4776
4808
5113
4759
5153
4916
5195
4702
4820
4821
4822
5232
4862
5053
5110
4819
5082
5088
5308
5041
5279
5065
5090
5130
5287
5158
4979
5008
5099
5147
5042
5027
5284
5094
4690
4779
4795
4938
5002
JONES J H
JONES K 8 C
JONES L S H
JONES P H
JONGEBREUR A A
JORDAN H C
JORDAN K A
JOSHI 0 P
JUNNILA W A
KALIS S M
KAMATA S
KAO C
KAROOS L T
KELLERBY J 0
KELLY W R
KERNS C L
KHALEEL R
KHARA B H
KIM H C
KOBOS Z
KOCH N F
KOELLIKER J K
KOENIG S E
KOFOED A 0
KOFOED A DAM
KOLENBRANDER G J
KOON J L
KORIATH H
KORNEGAY E T
KOSAREWICZ D
KRAMER B M
KREIS R D
KREITLER C H
KRISHNA MOHAN D V
KURC R
LA80SKY JR
LAHAV N
LAMBERT R
LAMP G
LANCASTER FARMING
LANCASTER J L JR
LANOELOUT H
LANZA F
LARSON R E
LARSON H E
LAW J P
LAWRENCE J
LEACH R
LEESON S
LEFEVRE B
LEGNER E F
LEMBKE W 0
LESSLEY B V
LEVI D R
LEWIS J M
LEWKOWICZ M
LEUKOWICZ S
LEXMOND M
LILLIE R J
LINCOLN E P
LINDAHL 1 L
LINDERMAN C L
LINDHARD J
LIPPER R I
LilEHR R C
LONG 0
LONG T A
LOOMIS E C
LOUDON T L
LUCAS D M
LUDINGTON 0 C
LUNN F
LYONS J J
MACDIARMID B N
MADDEX R L
MAGDOFF F R
MAGU S f
MANGES H L
MANN G S
MANN H T
200
100
100
500
200
100
500
200
200
200
100
100
200
200
100
100
300
500
100
200
200
100
200
200
700
200
100
500
200
200
too
100
100
200
200
200
100
500
300
500
500
300
300
100
u 100
500
100
100
200
400
200
300
200
200
200
200
500
400
200
100
100
100
300
300
200
300
300
300
100
100
200
100
200
100
100
100
200
200
300
500
500
500
500
400
100
300
200
200
700
200
100
100
100
200
200
300
100
300
100
100
77 4B72
77 5254
75 4883
77 5269
76 4726
77 5255
77 5299
76 5072
76 5075
71 4788
78 5053
75 4698
71 4788
76 5005
72 4802
72 4803
78 5175
77 4903
77 4892
76 4730
76 4743
77 5121
77 4772
78 5214
75 4812
77 4959
78 5216
77 5271
78 5116
77 4811
78 5038
78 4878
76 5036
76 4707
76 4716
76 4744
74 4703
77 5293
78 5055
78 5204
77 5295
78 5229
78 5025
75 5094
75 4948
77 5290
77 5031
78 4997
76 4733
77 4861
76 5074
78 5153
76 4733
76 4706
74 5017
74 4780
77 4902
78 4823
76 5071
77 4991
77 5247
73 4801
70 5086
77 5129
74 4759
76 4814
76 4825
77 4969
76 4928
76 4928
76 4723
77 5007
77 4765
78 4958
78 4876
78 5052
76 4724
78 5116
77 4924
77 5123
77 5272
77 5286
77 5287
78 4998
78 4842
78 5218
78 5106
78 5154
77 4688
78 5122
77 5244
78 5043
72 4673
77 4943
78 5154
78 5063
75 4679
78 5023
73 4819
75 5200
MARCHANT W H
MARSH R
MARTIN J H
MATHERS A C
MATSOUKAS J
MATULICH S C
MAYEOA H
MAYO R D
MAZURAK A P
MCALLISTER J S V
MCCALLA T M
MCCARL B A
HCCLURE H H
MCDOWELL R M
MCGHEE T J
MCGRATH 0
MCLEAN E 0
MCLENDON B 0
MCQUITTY J B
MCWHORTER D B
MEAOOR N F
MECKERT G H JR
HEELU 0 P
MEEUS-VERO INNE K
MENZIES J D
MERR1FIELO E
MERRITT R W
MEYER 0 J
MILLER R H
MILLER R H
MILLER V
MINER J R
MIRANOHSKI J A
MOLLOY S
MOLLOY S M
MOORE 0 C
MOORE J A
MOORE J F
MORAN E T
MORLEY F H H
MORRISON S M
MOTE C R
MUCK R E
MUMPTON F A
MUNDY E J
MUNRO C S
MURPHY L S
MUSCATO T V
MYERS R G
NARKHEOE P L
NATL RESEARCH COUN
NATOUR I J
NAYYAR V K
NEGULESCU C A L
NEIRINCKY G
NELSON 0 W
NEMMING 0
NEWTON G L
NGIAN K F
NGIAN M F
NIENABER J A
NOROHEIM J P
NOROSrEDT R A
NOREN 0
NYE J C
0 CALLAGHAN J R
0 SHEA J
OGILVIE J R
OGUNMODEOE B K
OLTON G S
ONSTAO C A
OOSTEROM H P
ORR D E JR
OSBORNE L E
OSWALD U J
OVERCASH M R
OVERHULTS 0 G
OWENS 0
PAIN B F
PARKER B
200
100
300
100
500
300
200
100
300
100
200
300
500
100
200
300
200
100
300
100
100
100
200
300
200
600
100
200
500
400
100
200
400
400
100
100
400
300
100
100
300
100
100
400
300
200
200
100
100
100
100
700
200
100
300
100
300
100
200
100
300
700
100
500
200
100
100
200
100
100
200
200
100
100
200
500
300
300
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
300
300
200
700
100
400
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
200
77
70
77
77
77
78
77
78
78
77
76
73
77
78
77
78
77
76
74
77
77
78
71
77
78
75
76
77
78
76
74
78
77
78
77
78
76
78
77
76
75
75
78
77
78
76
78
78
78
77
74
78
77
77
77
78
78
76
74
77
74
75
77
76
78
76
77
77
77
74
78
78
78
77
77
76
85
78
77
76
76
77
76
78
70
77
76
74
7t>
73
77
74
77
78
76
76
75
77
77
4778
4676
4924
4950
5298
4940
4959
5216
4976
4970
4711
5024
4901
5054
5310
5203
4771
4930
4752
5245
4860
5136
4687
4915
5230
4917
5081
4725
4906
4669
5210
4760
4632
4936
5173
4949
4846
4873
4929
5241
4859
4986
4670
4871
4683
5110
4728
4879
4680
5170
5016
4882
5122
4766
5088
5096
5023
4954
4869
5262
5226
4908
4678
5294
4737
5171
5036
4778
4993
4993
4758
5109
5148
5039
4763
5276
4690
5002
5128
5310
4734
4732
4774
4889
4890
5086
4683
4720
4885
4891
5192
4764
4787
4808
5100
5069
4709
4863
5118
4966
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
PARNAS B
PATERSON J J
PATHAK N N
PATTISON P
PAXTON K U
PAYSINGER J T
PEEL6 T C
PENN STATE UNIV
PERSSON S
PETER C J
PETER V
PETERS J A
PETERSEN C F
PETERSON J R
PHILLIPS f D
PHILLIPS P A
PHIPPS R H
PIGG D L
PINELLO C B
PLYTAS F
POHL S H
POMARES-GARCIA F
POON1A P R
POONIA S R
PRASAD C R
PRATT P F
PRETORIUS P S
PRIEM R
PRIOR R L
QUARLES C L
OUECK P
RACZ T
RAKES A H
RAM L C
RANDALL G W
RECKER P M *
REDOELL D L
REDDY K R
REED M J
REES F
REIN80TT N E
REYNNELLS R D
RHODES R A
RICC I R
RICE C E
RICE H A
RICHARD J L
RICHARDSON G
RICHARDSON S J
RICHMOND 0
RITTER W F
ROBBINS J W D
ROBERTS P
ROBERTSON A M
ROBILLARD P D
ROELOFS E H
ROKEBY T R C
ROMERO 0
ROMERO R
ROSS I J
ROSSON H F
ROUSTAN J L
RUEHR T A
RUMSEY T S
RUNOV B A
SAGAR V
SAHS H W
SAUTER E A
SCARSBROOK C E
SCHAEFER J
SCHAKE L M
SCHELLENBACH S
SCHIFFTNER K
SCHILLINGER J E
SCHIRZ S
SCHNEIDER R R
SCHROEDER G L
SCHUHART A
SCHULTE D D
SEAL K J
SEHELL J I
SHARMA K N
SHERHOOD M T
SHIELDS F D
SHULL L
SHUPE U
SHUYL6R L R
SIEVERS D
SIEVERS D M
100 78 4997
200 77 4872
100 75 4948
100 69 4697
300 78 4745
100 77 5064
200 74 4761
200 76 5068
200 77 4777
200 76 5073
700 76 4942
500 77 5280
300 77 5035
100 78 5044
500 77 4901
400 77 4797
100 77 4854
100 77 5118
200 77 4767
100 77 5306
500 77 5298
100 78 5186
700 77 5198
100 74 5087
100 74 5027
100 70 4874
500 77 4907
100 77 4946
100 75 4932
100 77 5252
200 78 4947
100 78 5045
400 78 4688
400 78 5003
500 77 5296
400 78 5147
100 78 5233
100 76 5060
400 78 5207
100 76 5013
200 77 4768
100 78 5178
200 77 4772
200 78 5214
100 77 4894
400 78 5228
100 77 5014
100 78 5046
300 78 5183
300 77 5034
100 77 4893
100 77 5077
100 77 5306
400 78 4886
100 76 5018
100 78 4857
100 78 4694
300 78 4951
400 78 5151
400 74 4988
200 78 5107
100 77 5121
300 78 4976
100 77 5261
100 77 5313
200 74 4748
200 78 5100
200 78 5115
300 77 4751
100 77 5243
700 76 4921
100 77 4949
500 77 5267
500 77 5297
100 72 4644
400 78 5167
100 76 5044
500 77 4903
100 77 5240
300 77 4913
300 77 4800
500 77 5197
300 76 4754
100 77 5251
700 76 4804
400 78 5312
400 77 5193
100 77 4853
500 76 5225
200 77 4770
100 75 5081
200 76 4718
200 78 5111
200 77 4943
100 78 5056
500 77 5292
400 78 5220
200 77 4807
100 78 5144
300 77 5205
SIKORA L J
SIMERDA P
SINAI G
SINGH 0 P
SINGH S
SIZEMORE S
SKARDA M
SKINNER J L
SKIPPER H D
SLINGER S J
SLONEKER J H
SMITH A
SMITH I E
SMITH J L
SMITH J H 6
SMITH L M
SMITH R E
SMITH R J
SMITH U H
SOUTHERLAND E V
SPALLACCI P
SPILLANE T A
SPRAY R A
STALLINGS C C
STEELE K H
STEENVOORDEN J H »
STEFFE J F
STEICHEN J M
STEPHENSON G R
STEWART B A
STORK b
STRAUCH D
STUART 0 G
SUTTON A L
SUTTON E I
SW4RANKAR K C
SWEETEN 1
SHEETEN J M
SHINGLE R S
TA1GANIOES E P
TAMASI G
TANNOCK G H
THE TUOLUMNE CORP
THEDRET L
THIJEEL A A
THOMAS J H
THOMAS R
THOMAS R E
THOMAS R L
THOMPSON D B
THOMPSON R
THORNE M D
THURBER T
TIETJEN C
TILAK K V B R
TIMBERS G E
TODO K S JR
TRAGITT G N
TRAVIS T A
TUCKER T C
TUNNEY H
TURNACL1FF H
TURNBULL J E
UCHIDA K
UNGER S G
VAN DE MAELE F
VAN DE VYVER J
VAN DEN BURG J
VAN DER HOEK K V
VAN DER MERWE H J
VAN DER VOORDE A
VAN DIJK H
VAN DYNE 0 L
700
500
200
100
100
200
100
500
400
100
100
200
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
100
200
200
300
ZOO
400
500
700
200
200
200
100
100
M200
200
200
200
100
100
200
500
300
300
300
300
100
100
100
400
300
200
300
300
300
300
300
100
300
600
100
500
500
500
100
100
300
100
100
100
500
200
100
200
400
400
500
400
200
100
100
300
200
100
500
100
100
300
.100
100
100
300
200
100
200
200
100
100
100
100
200
200
73 4922
77 5291
78 5105
77 5137
76 50BO
78 5115
74 5089
77 5289
78 4686
78 4956
77 4991
76 5125
73 4689
76 4843
77 4892
77 4915
72 4799
78 4858
78 4876
77 4894
76 4749
77 4773
76 4859
77 4966
74 4990
77 4904
74 4704
76 4712
76 4732
74 4761
78 5307
78 5095
76 4720
77 4896
78 5155
77 4786
77 4950
77 5259
76 4727
77 5274
76 4754
4920
77 4937
77 4938
78 5171
77 5020
77 5137
78 4833
75 4701
77 4768
76 4814
76 4825
74 4960
77 5098
78 5152
78 5178
78 5194
78 5196
77 4815
77 5265
77 5277
77 5285
77 4989
72 4799
77 4926
78 4971
75 5120
78 5307
77 4902
77 5238
77 5022
78 5106
77 4887
78 5165
77 4907
78 4835
76 4713
76 5029
77 4855
77 5169
78 5111
77 4987
77 4905
75 4670
75 4986
77 4800
77 4854
72 4802
72 4803
77 4926
76 4719
77 5244
76 4715
76 4739
77 5246
77 5250
75 4932
77 5257
76 4742
78 5102
VAN DYNE D L
VAN GEELEN H A
VAN VELSEN A F M
VANOEPOPULIERE J H
VANDERHOLM D H
VANDERPOST J M
VANDERSLICE 0
VANLOTR INGEN T J M
VARANI F T
VASSEUR J
VELEBIL M
VELLAUD J P
VINK F H A
VOGTMANN H
VOHRA P
VOORBURG S H
HAGNER A C
WALKER P N
WALLACE M H
HALLICK J
HALTER M F
WARBURTDN D J
WARD G M
WARMAN P R
WATKIN B R
WATKINS R
WATTS K J
WEAVER R H
WEIL A
WEIL R R
WEINER B A
WELLS D M
HELLS G D
WELSH F W
WENSINK R B
WESLEY R L
WESTERMAN P W
WHETSTONE G A
WH I TE R K
WHITING D M
HILKINSON S R
HILLETS D H
W I LSON M
W1NDELL J T
WINFIELC R G
WINTERS D
WITWER J G
WOODS J L
HOOLHISER 0 A
YOUNG R A
YOUNGER R L
ZACHAROA F
ZILBERMAN 0
Z1NDEL H C
ZOVNE J J
ZUGEC I
200
300
100
100
100
100
100
300
200
200
100
200
300
300
500
100
500
100
400
400
300
200
100
100
300
300
200
200
200
100
100
100
400
100
300
100
700
100
100
200
300
100
100
200
100
200
200
200
300
300
500
200
100
200
100
300
200
400
100
100
400
100
100
500
100
300
100
100
78 5156
78 5188
77 5250
77 5303
78 5041
78 5043
77 4864
4920
77 4961
77 5019
77 4746
73 4783
77 4982
76 4824
76 4965
77 5249
77 5278
77 5256
77 4790
78 4974
78 4944
76 4705
77 5260
78 5042
77 5129
77 4969
78 5101
78 5107
78 5112
78 4954
77 5022
72 4673
78 4840
77 5180
78 5176
77 5248
77 5182
77 5061
77 5062
77 4994
78 5063
78 5145
77 4853
77 4771
78 4930
78 5108
77 4764
77 4994
78 5229
78 b!31
77 5283
77 5238
77 4862
74 4748
77 5135
78 5037
76 4785
78 5223
77 5138
77 5181
77 5058
77 4881
76 4995
77 5280
77 5028
77 4923
77 5093
77 4868
10
-------
SECTION 4
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX/CATEGORIES OF ANIMAL INFORMATION
Interest Area
A. Environmental Effects
B. Management of Animal Production
C. Characteristics of Animal Wastes
D. Treatment Processes
E. Utilization and Disposal
F. General
Topic Area
1. General
2. Surface Runoff from Animal
Production
3. Surface Runoff from Agricul-
tural Watersheds
4. Surface Water Pollution
5. Groundwater Pollution
6. Odor
7. Air
8. Soil Systems
9. Biocides
10. Vectors
11. Animal Health
12. Public Health
13. Aesthetics
1. General
2. Liquid Systems
3. Solid Systems
4. Storage
5. Pasture Land and Cropland
Management
1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological
1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological
1. General
2. Land Disposal or Reuse
3. Recycling
4. By-Product Recovery
1. Economics
2. Legalities
3. Policy Needs
4. Overviews
11
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
5168
5170
5176
5185
5203
5204
5217
5233
5252
5261
5263
5264
5265
5273
5274
5275
5276
5286
5304
5309
5313
ill
4671
4692
4727
4729
4730
4731
4743
4746
4754
4762
4788
4833
4906
4907
4909
4918
4931
4989
5011
5053
5054
5079
5139
5167
5174
5176
5225
5226
5265
5273
5274
5275
5276
5288
61
4671
4676
4679
4681
4683
4684
4685
4686
4689
4701
4702
4703
4705
4725
4729
4730
4734
4735
4738
4747
4751
4753
4754
4755
4757
4758
4761
4762
«|763
4766
4772
4776
4783
61
4785
4786
4788
4794
4796
4799
4801
4804
4813
4614
4820
4822
4825
4827
4830
4836
4841
4845
4851
4861
4871
4873
4875
4864
4900
4901
4905
4906
4910
4912
4913
4919
4920
4924
4925
4926
4927
4937
4940
4943
4944
4951
4953
4960
4964
4969
4972
4980
4981
4964
4987
4989
4991
4994
4995
4997
4998
5003
5007
5011
5013
5016
5017
5019
5021
5024
5C2S
5027
5033
5035
5037
5038
5041
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5053
5058
5059
5064
5068
5078
5083
5084
5086
5092
5094
5095
5097
5098
5102
5107
5108
Bl
5121
5123
5128
5130
5131
5133
5149
5150
5151
5153
5154
5155
5156
5160
5166
5170
5174
5177
5178
5180
5163
5193
5 194
5200
5202
5210
5212
5213
5216
5218
5219
5221
5223
5224
5225
5227
5229
5234
5236
5239
5240
5241
5242
5244
5249
5250
5252
5253
5254
5J55
525H
5259
5260
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5271
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5286
5296
5297
5299
5304
5306
5309
5310
62
4670
4672
4677
4687
4688
4690
4691
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4706
4707
4708
4709
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4717
4718
4719
4721
4722
4723
4726
4727
4728
4731
4732
4733
4736
4739
4745
4 746
4749
4750
4752
4756
4760
4764
4765
4767
4 769
4770
4771
4773
4774
4777
4778
477'J
'.762
4783
4784
4787
4795
4 796
4797
4800
4602
4803
4805
4806
4607
4808
4309
4810
4811
4817
4618
4621
4824
4628
4929
4631
4832
4635
4b37
4840
4843
4846
4848
4849
4850
4652
4653
4654
4355
4856
4864
4865
4861
4868
4869
4872
4876
4860
4882
4883
4865
4891
4893
4394
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
4863
4865
4670
4874
4877
4878
4879
4882
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4896
4903
4904
4911
4917
491B
4921
4922
4923
4929
4932
4935
4939
4941
4942
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4952
4954
4955
4959
4962
4963
4967
4966
4970
4971
4974
4976
4979
4983
4986
5000
5002
5009
5019
5022
5023
5026
5029
5030
5031
5032
5034
5036
5039
5040
5042
5048
5049
5051
5060
5061
5062
5063
5066
5069
5C71
5072
5074
5075
5076
5077
5096
5099
5100
5101
5122
5124
5125
5126
5132
5134
5136
5137
63
5143
5146
5147
5157
5161
5165
5173
5182
51S9
5191
5198
5201
5203
5204
5215
5217
5226
5232
5233
5261
5263
5279
5280
52bl
5282
5285
5288
5292
5298
5308
5311
5312
5313
84
4693
4724
4726
4727
4731
4732
4136
4739
4750
4758
4760
4771
4774
4781
4732
4796
4797
4806
4818
4828
4829
4831
4332
4840
4854
4856
4 864
498?
4891
4894
4898
493C
4938
4943
4975
4977
4978
4990
4996
5067
5109
5110
5129
5139
5148
5154
5164
5194
5208
5211
5238
5243
5245
5246
5247
5278
5279
5280
65
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4717
4718
4719
4722
4723
4728
4730
4731
65
4734
4736
4737
4742
4741
4744
4764
4776
4797
4798
431 J
4838
4860
4831
4397
4899
4900
4104
4905
4906
4907
4915
4920
492!
4922
4945
4985
4990
5018
5175
5 176
5179
5182
5187
5188
5222
5236
5275
5290
5293
Cl
4670
4676
4687
4694
4704
4705
47G6
4739
4 740
4742
4748
4752
4758
4759
4767
4769
4770
4773
4791
4795
4806
4812
4856
4862
4867
4674
4b76
4677
4891
4893
4896
4898
4900
4901
4902
4905
4911
4912
4914
4917
4921
4923
4932
4935
4937
4947
4954
4957
4971
4981
49T.2
5010
5016
5017
5026
5029
5030
5034
5035
5038
504-J
5050
5057
5C72
5073
5076
5086
5101
5161
5107
5 109
5111
5112
5U5
5123
5126
5130
5136
5144
514B
5152
5156
5182
5191
5 194
5200
52U1
5202
5204
5205
5211
5219
5227
5233
5243
5246
5248
5265
5277
5281
5262
5287
5294
5296
5 J03
5304
5311
C2
668
669
670
671
672
673
675
678
681
683
684
687
C2
4692
4694
4695
,4704
4705
4706
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4731
4732
4733
4736
4737
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4749
4752
4758
4761
4764
".765
4766
4767
4769
4770
4172
4773
4778
4781
4784
4786
4787
4790
4791
4 194
4195
4796
4798
4800
4602
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4310
481 2
4815
4816
4811
4819
4823
4824
4821
4837
483b
4839
4840
4842
4843
4 644
4648
4849
4650
4352
4856
4858
4859
4660
4662
4864
4865
4866
C2
48A7
4866
4870
4874
4876
4877
4B76
4879
4880
4681
4662
4885
4887
4888
4891
4893
4694
4695
4897
4896
4900
4901
4902
4903
4905
4907
4908
4910
4911
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4927
4928
4929
4932
4933
4934
4935
4937
4939
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4954
4955
4956
4957
4962
4963
4964
4 965
4966
4967
4968
971
972
973
975
977
976
962
983
985
986
961
990
4993
4997
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5011
5015
5016
14
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
C2
5017
5018
5019
5020
5022
5021
5024
5025
5026
5029
5030
5031
5035
5036
5037
5039
5040
5046
5049
5050
5052
5055
5057
5060
5061
5062
5063
5065
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5074
5075
5078
5079
5081
5082
5UB3
5084
5085
5088
5089
5091
5094
5096
5100
5101
5102
5105
5106
5107
5109
5112
5113
5115
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5131
5134
5135
5139
5140
5144
5148
5152
5156
5157
5159
5161
5171
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5181
5 182
5183
5185
5187
5188
C2
518'J
5190
5192
5194
5 198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5209
5211
5212
5213
5214
5220
5222
5225
5226
5227
5231
5235
5236
5239
5?40
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
524?
5243
5249
5261
5262
5263
5264
5276
5277
52B1
5266
5287
523H
5289
5290
5293
5294
5295
5296
5302
5301
5305
C3
4676
4680
4683
4692
4696
4697
4705
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4736
4 746
4754
4759
4770
4786
4788
4799
4807
4813
4Blt
484)
4857
4858
4866
4877
4887
4900
4901
4906
4907
4909
Cl
4911
4915
4918
4935
4937
4939
4951
4963
4966
4989
4995
5016
5021
5026
5032
5033
5053
5054
5C61
5066
5079
5086
508B
5107
5 115
5123
5135
5176
517K
518?
5183
5 199
5201
52U2
520",
5210
5218
5221
5225
5226
5277
52H 1
5295
5306
SlOfl
Cl
4 66c.
4684
4711
4712
4713
4727
4721
4 731
4746
4740
4757
475t
475')
477V
4782
4783
480-1
480',
4310
4823
4852
485H
4871
4871
4080
4885
4888
4B92
4893
4896
490i
4902
4908
4911
4917
4923
4924
4929
4940
4947
4952
4957
4958
4984
4989
5000
5016
5017
5019
5025
5033
5034
5039
5049
5050
5060
5068
5070
5075
5079
5091
5099
5 101
5123
5136
5145
5147
5161
5184
5191
5192
5197
5198
5200
5205
5216
5223
5246
5247
524d
5249
5258
5265
5274
527t
5261
52«2
5288
5292
5294
5295
5296
5?9 7
529U
5299
53CO
5301
5305
51US
bill
C2
466 I
4677
4680
4684
4727
4 729
4732
4751
4765
4 766
4H02
4803
4 H 0 /
4812
4817
4836
4843
4855
4871
4876
4880
4 9CU
4908
4913
494U
4952
4953
4956
4958
4959
4971
4971
4989
4993
5016
5025
5026
02
5033
5034
5039
5041
5043
5046
5064
5070
5079
5101
5123
5127
5161
5212
5216
5229
5241
5249
5252
5274
5275
5276
5282
5286
52B7
5288
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5301
5307
03
672
675
684
687
690
694
695
727
729
734
736
746
751
752
758
759
761
765
767
769
770
77)
777
7 79
783
784
787
79=)
800
802
801
806
807
808
809
810
817
Old
821
824
816
841
849
850
852
853
855
859
867
874
877
882
8d7
891
89)
894
4900
4902
4913
4916
4917
4924
4929
4933
4934
4935
4940
4942
4944
4947
4952
4956
4957
4958
4959
4961
4965
4966
4971
4972
4973
4974
4984
4989
4990
4992
4993
4999
5004
5005
5016
5019
5025
5026
5031
5033
5040
5049
5050
5061
5062
5065
5068
5069
5071
5079
5083
5090
5091
5097
5100
5101
5111
5123
5127
5130
5135
5144
5152
5157
5159
5167
5181
5187
5 189
5 190
5 192
5194
5195
5196
5199
5200
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5209
5212
5216
5220
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5211
5246
5247
524S
15
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
03
5249
5250
5251
5258
5261
5265
5274
5275
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5292
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5301
5302
5303
5305
5308
El
4725
4727
4745
4747
4783
4811
4926
5034
5133
5266
5273
5295
E2
4672
4673
4676
4678
4679
4681
4684
4689
4691
4696
4697
4698
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
«738
4741
E2
4742
4743
4744
4745
4756
4758
4764
4771
4772
4774
4778
4780
4782
4796
4797
4798
4804
4805
4806
4808
4809
4811
4818
4819
4828
4829
4837
4838
4840
4851
4852
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4869
4870
4872
4881
4882
48B3
4887
4891
4897
4898
4 899
4900
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4915
4920
4921
4922
4924
4930
4937
4938
4939
4942
4943
4945
4946
4950
4955
4967
4970
4974
4970
4979
4983
4985
4990
4996
4998
5001
5002
5006
5009
5012
5018
5019
5022
5023
5024
5026
5027
5029
5052
5054
E2
5055
5058
5063
5070
5077
5080
5081
5C82
5085
5087
5088
5089
5103
5106
5107
5110
5112
5114
5115
5116
5118
5119
5120
5122
5123
5125
5128
5129
5131
5132
5133
5134
5137
5140
5141
5148
5150
5151
5154
5156
5157
5165
5171
5173
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5182
5187
5188
5193
5194
5198
5200
5207
5211
5214
5215
5221
5222
5225
5226
5229
5232
5236
5238
5245
5247
5258
5263
5264
5266
5274
5275
5284
5266
5289
5290
5291
5293
5294
5296
529B
5299
5300
5301
E3
4669
4674
4675
E3
4680
4682
4692
4695
4699
4735
4736
4753
4758
4765
4766
4767
4769
4770
4773
4777
4779
4784
4789
4790
4791
4793
4795
4800
4802
4803
4805
4809
4812
4813
4815
4816
4817
4823
4824
4833
4834
4839
4842
4943
4844
4846
4847
1848
4849
4850
4852
4855
4853
4859
4B65
4874
4B76
4877
4878
4871)
4880
4885
4886
4888
4889
4890
4894
4895
4900
4907
4911
4913
4916
4917
4918
4919
4923
4924
492B
4931
4932
49 J3
4935
4940
4941
4944
4947
4948
4952
4962
4963
496b
4 968
4972
4973
4976
4979
4992
E3
4993
5004
5005
5008
5016
5026
5030
5031
5032
5039
5040
5042
5048
5049
5050
5056
5061
5062
5065
5066
5066
5069
5070
5071
5072
5074
5075
5079
5084
5090
5096
5097
5099
5100
5101
5102
5109
51H
5121
5123
5124
5126
5127
5130
5138
5142
5143
5 144
5146
5147
5152
5161
5166
5168
5172
5181
5184
5185
5 189
5190
5192
5195
5196
5197
5 199
5202
5203
5204
5211
5216
5217
5224
5225
5226
5228
522)
5231
5261
5264
5285
52B7
5288
5292
5296
5297
5301
5302
5305
5303
5309
5312
5313
E4
4669
4732
4751
4812
4817
4824
4958
4972
5016
5051
5135
Fl
4674
4682
4692
4694
4695
4697
4705
4706
4707
4711
4712
4731
4732
4735
4736
4745
4750
4T51
4759
4760
4765
4768
4774
4782
4784
4800
4804
4817
Fl
4824
4833
4844
4847
4848
4849
4852
4854
4859
4872
4899
4900
4913
4915
4917
4923
4924
4929
4930
4935
4936
4940
4941
4943
4944
4958
4959
4963
4965
4967
4971
4972
4975
4977
4985
4988
4990
4992
5001
5002
5003
5004
5006
5019
5026
5047
16
-------
ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX
Fl
505u
5065
5070
5072
5075
5089
5090
5091
5092
511*.
5121
512*,
5125
5127
5129
5130
5131
5132
5138
5146
5150
5151
5163
5172
5190
5192
5196
5215
5216
5217
5222
5223
5226
5228
5247
5252
5265
5279
5282
5283
5288
5290
5291
5292
5300
5302
F3
4711
4712
5015
5167
5250
5301
F4
4683
4776
4830
4870
4900
4926
4951
4964
5013
501b
5086
5102
5188
5229
F2
4685
4688
4692
4701
4702
4707
4745
4747
4792
479)
4804
4814
4820
4821
4822
4825
4884
4900
496J
4994
5013
5025
5067
5074
5092
5098
5123
5149
5150
5155
5162
5194
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5271
5272
5295
5296
5298
5299
17
-------
SECTION 5
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
This index supplements Livestock and the Environment: A Bibliography
with Abstracts, EPA-600/2-78-137, V. 5, Environmental Protection Agency, Ada,
Oklahoma, 1978, 146 p. The index consists of an alphabetical listing of sig-
nificant words in an article or in the title of an article. To the right of
the keyword are the first 85 characters contained in the title or the title
and a listing of keywords, if the title is short. To the left of the keyword
is the nine digit cross reference code of the article ascribed to the keyword.
The cross reference code allows the user to look up the abstract for addi-
tional information about the title. Please refer to "Section 2: User's
Guide" for examples.
18
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400
400
100
100
100
100
700
100
100
300
100
300
400
100
200
100
100
700
200
700
100
400
700
200
100
100
100
300
100
200
700
300
400
400
200
400
200
100
700
100
700
300
100
100
1DO
300
400
200
200
200
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
200
400
200
100
100
200
100
300
300
400
200
500
200
400
300
100
100
400
200
200
200
500
500
500
500
300
300
300
100
700
200
200
200
300
100
100
300
300
300
300
300
100
400
77 4581
77 4343
77 4483
75 4490
75 4645
72 4012
72 4561
76 4
656
73 4621
76 1
003
76 4038
76 4
068
77 4123
73 4125
76 '
185
72 4214
75 426'.
72 4271
73 «
323
74 4345
73 4396
77 <
499
76 4545
76 4433
72 4
008
74 4015
77 *
018
76 4109
76 4308
74 '
347
73 4414
75 4493
73 '
549
77 4133
75 4225
72
383
73 4397
71
405
76 4458
75 4514
72
561
76 4595
77
599
75 4608
76 4656
77 ^343
74
72
76
77
71
77
77
77
77
72
76
76
76
77
535
640
360
486
557
066
171
317
328
336
433
548
617
633
75 4451
f6
.129
76 4024
75 4029
76
.030
75 4043
7b '
073
77 4080
76 4094
76 '
096
76 4099
76 '
104
76 4105
72 '
114
76 4129
76 4144
76 4182
75 <
196
75 4197
75 4199
75 «
199
76 4203
73 4209
75 4242
76 4
267
70 4268
77 4281
76 4358
76 4360
73 4
392
75 4395
76 4425
77 4426
76 4
427
75 4444
77 4463
75 4474
76 4
496
77 4525
ABSORBENTS
ACCUDOSE-R
ACIDIFICATION
ACIDITY
ACID-MINE-DRAINAGE
ACTIVATED- SLUDGE
ACTIVATED-SLUDGE
AC T 1 VATED-SLUDGE
AUENQSINETRIPHQSPH
AERATION
AERAT ION
AfcHAT ION
AEKAT ION
AERA f ION
AERAT ION
AERAT ION
AERATION
AERAT ION
AERAT ION
AEKAT ION
AERAT ION
AERATION
AERATION
AERA1 1 ON-RATE
AEKOB 1C
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AERU8IC
AEROH 1C
AL-RDB 1 C
AEROBIC
AERUB 1C
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AER08 IC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROU IC-TREATMENT
AEKOB IC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROB 1 C-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROB 1 C-TREATMtNT
AEROBIC-IREAFMEN1
AEROSOLS
AEROSOLS
AEROSOLS
AE STHET ICS
AESTHETICS
AESIHET ICS
ACITA ION
AGI A ION
AGI A ION
AGI A I ON
AGI A ION
AGI A ION
AGI A ION
AC 1 TA 1 ON
AG1TAT ION
AGRICULTURAL-CHEM 1
AGRICULTORAL-POLLU
ACRICULTURAL-RUNOF
ACRICULTORAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNUP
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULIURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULIIJRAL-RUNUF
AGR I CULT URAL- RUN OF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNUP
AGR (CULTURAL- RUN OF
AGRICULtURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTIJRAL-RUNUF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNUF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
ACRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
ACRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGR 1C JL TURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
ACRICULTURAL-RUNUF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
ACRICUL fURAL-RUNUF
AGR ICUL TURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORIZERS KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL CHEMICAL-TREATMENT HASKI
AUTOMATIC FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-FARM ACCUOOSE-R AEROSOLS PYRETHRINS
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KE
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974.11, EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED WITH DOMESTIC SE
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
A METHOD FUR HIE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF AOENOSINETRI PHOSPHATE (ATPJ FROM COW SLURRY
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-WASTES
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN AERATED SWINE MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES SWINE-WAST
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
COMPOSTING MAKES MANURE HANDLING EASY KEYWORDS'. COMPOSTING CATTLE-WASTES WINDROWS AERAT
EFFECTS OF bEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS
REFEEDING OF AERATED POULTRY WASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION REFEEDING POULTRY
AERATION UNDER CAGED LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. AERATION POULTRY-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-COHPO
SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMORIUM IN DAIRY COW WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SALMONELLA
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS^ SWINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AERA
CONTROL OF CASES ANO ODORS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS'- AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-STORAGE
LAGOONS E GATORS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS ALLIGATORS WASTE-TREATMENT AERATION
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
W1LLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLA1MIN
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL ANO BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
LACODNS ANO OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL ANO LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, MICH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
SYNTHESIS ANJ STABILITY JF 0 I METHYLN1T
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 76 4532
600 4540
700 76 4541
100 77 4573
100 76 4591
100 76 4601
200 75 4620
200 76 4177
500 75 4196
200 75 4365
200 73 4397
100 71 4405
300 74 4453
300 77 4454
100 75 4662
100 76 4496
200 71 4296
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
200 71 4457
300 77 4509
400 77 4529
100 75 4645
200 76 4616
500 77 4093
100 75 4102
100 73 4125
100 75 4162
400 76 4166
300 76 4176
200 73 4323
100 76 4387
100 71 4405
400 77 4438
400 77 4445
200 71 4457
100 73 4478
400 71 4557
500 75 4198
700 76 4545
100 77 4229
100 77 4291
400 77 4296
400 77 4119
400 76 4241
100 74 4344
400 77 4382
400 77 4441
200 71 4457
400 77 4504
400 77 4522
400 77 4530
400 77 4582
100 75 4637
100 74 4647
100 74 4015
100 76 4600
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
100 76 4534
400 77 4499
100 77 4417
100 77 4348
100 77 4470
100 72 4475
700 72 4635
200 76 4054
400 77 4066
100 73 4125
100 73 4131
300 74 4152
400 77 4171
300 76 4176
200 76 4178
200 71 4190
100 75 4205
100 76 4232
100 75 4287
200 75 4327
700 74 4345
200 77 4373
100 77 4381
100 76 4387
200 75 4401
400 77 4438
400 77 4445
700 76 4541
700 76 4543
700 73 4331
300 76 4435
200 73 4256
300 75 4570
700 72 4635
100 76 4456
100 75 4206
e,00 73 4507
100 76 4163
200 77 4063
400 7T 4314
200 75 4641
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTUR4L-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-WASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HATER
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AIR-FILTRATION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-OUALITY
AIR-OUALITY
AIR-TRANSPORT
ALCOHOLS
ALCOHOL
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE-REMOVAL
ALGAL-GROWTH
ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY-CONDUCT
ALLANTOIN
ALLIGATORS
ALTOSID
AHINO-ACIDS
Af'IINO-AC IDS
ANINO-ACIOS
AMINO-ACIOS
APHONIA
AMMONIA
AHMONIA
AHMCNI A
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AHMONIA
AMMONIA
AHMON I A
AMMON IA
AMMONI A
AMMONI A
AMMONIA
AHMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AHMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONIA
AMMONI A
AMMONIA
AHMONIA-SYNTHESIS-
AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS-
AHMONIA-TOSICITV
AHMONIA-TOXICITY
AHMONIFICAT10N
AMMONIUM
AMMONIUH-PERSULFAI
AMHOMIUM-PERSULPHA
&MMONIUN-SULFATE
AMPROL ELIM
AHPROLIUM
ANABOLIC-AGENTS
DAIRY CATTLE HASTE MANAGEMENT: I TS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF HATER QUALITY
MANURE VS. ANAEROBIC RESIDUE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES HASTE-COMPOS I TI
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF POULTRY HASTES K
RUNOFF FROM A LOH-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE — NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE HATER POLLUTION KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNO
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYWORDS'. WATERSHEDS WATER-POLLUT
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
METHANE PRODUCTION THROUGH B I OCONVERS I ON OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURA
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION HASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. HATER-POL
HASTES— USE OR DISCARD KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION N ITRI ENT-LOSSES N
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL HASTES KEYHOROS: B IOLOG ICAL- TR
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS; SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID HASTES KEYWORDS: SOLID-WASTES
THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-S
TOWARD THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL HATERSHEDS KEYWORDS'. HATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED — QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS; AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS WATER-POLLUT
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE- NOW AND FCR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS- AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NONPO I NT-SOURCES PUBLIC
EFFECTS OF POULTRY DUST ON PERFORMANCE OF A THERMOSIPHON HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM KEYWORDS
HASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT K
DIURNAL AND ANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS OF AERIAL BACTERIAL AND DUST LEVELS IN ENCLOSED SHINE H
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYHORDS
RELATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF AERIAL BACTERIA AND DUST IN SHINE HOUSES KEYWORDS
RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS: POULTR Y-L I ITER TURKEYS RECYCLING
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
CONTROL OF GASES AND ODORS FROM LIVESTOCK "UNITS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
EXPOSURE OF LAMBS TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA KEYWORDS: SHEEP ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION AM
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYHORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
HOG HOUSE OUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS'- SHINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: ODOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SHINE-WAST
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS WATER-POLLUT
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES — APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
WHAT TO DO WITH ANIMAL HAST ES..RECYCL I NG KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS: NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWA TER-POLL
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP KEYHORDS: SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO POULTR
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYHORDS: ENERGY RECYCLING B IOMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEDLOT KEYHORDS: ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
THE HEODING OF CLUCK AND MOO KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SUBSTRATES P
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WASTEWATER-RENOVA
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYHORDS: SWINfc-WASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEOLOTS WATER-POLLUT
MANURE IS NOH A COMMODITY KEYHORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
ON STRAH AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING HASTE — IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
BACTERIA POHER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN IOWA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG HASTE KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
GROWTH OF ALGAE ON PIG MANURE KEYHORDS; SHINE-HASHES LAGOONS ALGAE HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
EUTROPH ICAT ION POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-HAS
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH— STAGE 1. KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH — STAGE 2. KEYHOROS: SWINE-HASTES WAS
URINARY ALLANTOIN EXCRETION AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-MATTER INTAKE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO KEYW
LAGOONS C GATORS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS ALLIGATORS HASTE-TREATMENT AERATION
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA KEYHORDS
AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MI CROB I CLOG I CAL CCNDITION OF CRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROWTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NCN-PROTE1N NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION OF WINTER SPREAD MANURE KEYWORDS: AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LAND-AP
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPIMG MANURE KEYWORDS-. LIQUID-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE GASES AGITATI
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS
THE ROLES OF AMMONIA, HATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE S AL MONELL AC I CAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYHORDS: MANURE-PITS GASES TOXICITY HYOROGEN-S
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY AND FOOD-PROCESSING HASTE TREATMENT KEYHORDS: ANAERORIC-0
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDWATER FROM LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUT I ON LI
HASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYHORDS: FISH-WASTES
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWURDS: SHEEP REFEEOING POUL TRY- WASTES-D
SYNTHESIS GAS FROM BOVINE WASTES KEYHCROS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES GASES FLUI DI ZED-BED-
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FRDF MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYHORDS: RECYCLIN
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYHORDS: POU
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHOROS: CATTLE-HA
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS'. LAND-DISPOSAL SWINE
EXPOSURE OF LAMBS TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMCNIA KEYHORDS: SHEEP ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION AM
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
HOG HOUSE DUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: ODOR GASES A I K-POLLUTION SWINE-WAST
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT OF POULTRY HASTES K
GROUNDHATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SWINE WASTE LAGOONS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYHORD
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: OXIDATICN FLU I D IZ ED-Bt D-REAC FOR RECYCL I NG D
OPPORTUNITIES FOR fiORE EFFECTIVE USE Of ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS: HASTE-OI. SPOSAL L AND-DI S
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN RELATION TO HIGH LOADING RATES HITH MANURE KE ™ORDS. MANURE LANO-A
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS LANO-APP Lie
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMON lATE D AN IMAL FEED SUPPLEME NTS KE
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: HA T6- TO R»^ «?UR E PIT WASTE
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULF.DE FROM "AEROBICSH.NE MANURE .^XIDIZIN^AGENTS KEY
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SHELLING SHEEI '
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
100
100
200
100
300
100
400
300
100
400
200
100
400
200
100
700
100
300
300
300
700
400
400
400
300
200
400
500
100
100
100
300
100
400
200
200
200
100
700
200
100
100
300
300
100
500
300
400
100
300
100
200
600
400
200
400
200
700
100
200
200
300
400
30C
100
400
200
200
400
200
200
200
500
500
400
100
100
100
100
400
300
100
100
400
100
300
100
100
100
400
100
100
100
100
200
200
500
400
100
72
74
77
74
76
76
75
77
73
76
77
74
77
77
70
76
73
77
73
75
77
76
7?
71
70
77
75
77
73
77
77
74
77
77
76
76
74
76
70
76
77
71
74
77
77
74
77
77
76
77
76
J6
77
75
72
73
72
76
75
74
74
77
76
T7
77
74
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
74
76
71
72
76
76
76
72
'11
77
77
76
76
77
?7
76
72
76
76
72
76
75
77
23
4008
4015
'|018
4072
4074
4109
4206
4231
4265
4308
4317
4347
4362
4382
4384
4398
4414
4465
4472
4493
4510
4543
4549
4566
4567
4597
4605
46S1
4623
4628
4632
4658
4175
4140
4158
4177
4178
4221
4222
4269
4367
4368
4405
4453
4454
4487
4596
4597
4610
4654
4655
4386
4260
4540
4133
4225
4383
4397
4561
4656
4641
4243
4297
4525
4067
4369
4027
4052
4053
4056
4062
4063
4064
4082
4083
4103
4108
4121
4122
4154
4166
4194
4211
4214
4220
4229
4262
4288
4289
4290
4314
4325
4356
4375
4387
4400
4403
4408
4448
4478
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROB 1C
ANAEROBIC
ANAERCBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROB 1C
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
AN4EROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAERCBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAERCUIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTER
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAERCBIC-D1GESTIC
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAERC8IC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAERCBIC-CIGESTIO
ANAERCBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAERCBIC-DIGESTIU
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAERCBIC-CIGESTIO
A.'IAERCBIC-PITS
ANAEROBIC-REACTORS
ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES
ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATHEW
ANAEROBIC-TREATHEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATHEN
ANAEROB I C-TREATMEN
ANDROGENS
ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA
ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA
ANHYOROUS-AMMON I A
AN IMAL-OENSI TY
ANIMAL-DENSITY
AN [HAL-HEALTH
AN [HAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAI.-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEAL TH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANI HAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIHAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEAL TH
AN [MAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEAL 1H
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIHAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS Of THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYUOROS.1 LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DMRY-UASTES KRAFT-PULPI
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEV
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE LAGOON
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SM5NE MANURE I. OXIDIZING AGENTS KEY
ON METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS', METHANE RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS ECONOMICS
DESIGN OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS D
SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF 01METHYLNI TKOS AMI NE IN CAMLE MANURE KEYWORDS'- NITROSAMINES
HASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYUOROS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT CO
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SW
EFFECT DF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND HASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS', RECYCLING HASTEHATER-RENOVA
STATE OF THE ART: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANCES IN CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CATTLE LIQUID MANURE FROM L
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIMAL HASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SHINE MANURE.II. IRON COMPOUNDS KEYW
BIO-GAS PLANT—DESIGNS WITH SPECIFICATIONS KEYWORDS: BIOGAS-PLANTS ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
SWINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES AEROB
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND WATER TABLES FROM SWINE WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SW
GROUNDWATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SHINE WASTE LAGOONS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STO
GOBAR GAS'.METHSNE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS'. METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-WAS
HOW TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS'- ANAEROBI
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WAS1E MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SWINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT HASTE KEYWORDS! SHINE-WASTES SLURRIES HASTE-TREA
A HOMESITE POWER UNIT — METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES HASTE-TR
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPL1CATION DRAINAGE
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INDOLES IN ANAEROBI CALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTE
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS'. FARM-WASTES DOMESTIC-WASTE S FACTORY-
METHANE GENERATION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC-DIGESTERS METHANE DESIGN
THERHOPHILIC METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTE KEYWORDS? ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATTLE-
MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS". ANIMAL-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAEROBIC-OI
METHANE PRODUCTION THROUGH BIOCONVERSI ON OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY AND FOCO-PROCESSING HASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC-D
METHANE RECOVERY FROM POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS; POULTRY-HASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
UTILIZATION OF 8IOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING BIOGAS CATTLE-HAST
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER WITH DAIRY COW SUBSTRATE KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WAST
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'- WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEOING CATTL
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
A CLEAN NEH GAS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FCR AGRICULTURAL SOLID HASTES KEYWORDS' SOLID-WASTES
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COH WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DAIRY-WA
BIO-GAS PLANT GENERATING METHANE FROM ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS: METHANE BIOGAS-PLANTS AN
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: ANAEROB!
THERMONETICS—THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING CATTLE-HASTES METHANE FERTILIZERS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SWINE-HASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
DIETARY ARSENIC EFFECTS ON STORED SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: FEED-ADD ITIVES ARSANILIC-ACID S
BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THERMOPHILIC HETHANOGENESIS FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCL
MANURE VS. ANAEROBIC RESIDUE KEYWORDS'- ANIMAL-WASTES ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES HAS TE-COMPCSI TI
AWARDS MADE FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS: AWARDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR
RECYCLING SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBI
HHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL HASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS: HASTE-MAN
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: BIOLOG1CAL-TR
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED U|TH DOMESTIC SE
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS; REFEEDING LIVE
FEEDLOT MANURE AS AM ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHOROS: FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYCROUS-AMMONIA FEEOLOT-WASTES CROP-RES
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES DEPOSITED 'ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED HASTES KEYHOROS: REFEEDING OXIDAT ION-D1T
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'- SLURRIES LAND-APPLICA
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HA
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIKE AND MONEY KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL HASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PATHOGE
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYHOROS' REFEEOING FEED-ADD ITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
PROVISIONS OF STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS ON REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPE
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYWOR
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-WASTES M
POULTRY HASTES AS FEEOSTUFFS FOR RUM I fiANTS' KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER HAST
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RATES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF USED LITTER ON SALMONELLA TYPHIMLIR1UM TRANSMISSION IN THE CHICKEN
ISOLATION OF ERYSIPELOTHRI X RHUSIOPATH1AE FROM SOIL AND MANURE OF SWINE-RAISING PREMISE
RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS R
FEEOLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE: GOOD AGRICULTURAL .PRACTICE OR A HEAL
AERATION UNDER CAGED LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION POULTRY-HASTES SLURRIES HASTE-COMPO
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING WASTELAGE RUMINAN
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHOROS- RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYWORD
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORCANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
LONG-TERM STUDIES Of RESIDUE RETENTION AMD EXCRETION BY COHS FED A PCLYCHLORINATED B1PH
MORE ON MANURt KEYWORDS! REFfcEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER [RON CALCIUM AHPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING COPPE
ENCAPSULATED RABOf-l FOR LARVAL HOUSE FLY CONTROL IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEE
THE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETRI ELL ID]UM BOYDIl SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTEMTIA
EXPOSURE OF LAMBS TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA KEYWORDS: SHEEP ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION AM
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETRESTME.ilT-LAND APPLICATION SY
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYWORDS: GRASS-TETANY AN IMAL-HE*LTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILISER KEYWORDS' SEHAGE-SLUDGt FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO ft
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4486
100 75 4514
100 76 4523
300 76 4532
200 74 4535
200 75 4542
700 73 4555
400 77 4606
400 77 4609
100 71 4622
200 72 4640
200 75 4641
100 75 4642
100 73 4646
200 76 4651
100 71 4657
100 72 4409
100 74 4035
300 75 4037
200 74 4050
200 76 4053
500 77 4079
500 77 4083
500 77 4084
300 72 4107
100 73 4136
400 77 4158
400 77 4169
300 74 4266
400 77 4296
400 77 4309
400 76 4319
100 74 4344
100 76 4346
200 76 4358
200 76 4359
200 76 4360
300 73 4392
200 73 4397
300 77 4423
300 75 4429
200 76 4433
100 75 4450
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
100 77 4463
100 74 4489
100 75 4490
100 75 4491
300 77 4509
100 73 4513
400 77 4518
300 76 4521
400 77 4524
400 77 4529
600 4540
200 75 4542
100 74 4559
400 71 4565
300 75 4570
100 75 4577
100 75 4584
300 77 4597
100 75 4604
100 76 4624
100 76 4627
100 76 4630
100 76 4634
200 72 4640
100 75 4652
100 74 4660
100 73 4666
400 77 4307
100 75 4564
100 76 4124
100 74 4035
200 76 4360
700 76 4455
200 75 4650
400 77 4333
300 74 4252
100 77 4464
100 77 4290
200 77 4063
100 77 4147
100 77 4362
100 76 4386
200 75 4542
100 76 4020
100 76 4044
200 77 4063
100 77 4147
400 77 4314
100 72 4506
300 J6 4067
300 75 4075
100 76 4098
100 77 4483
400 77 4524
100 76 4639
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IHAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AWIHAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-PRODUCT I ON
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTeS
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIHAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-HASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTA
ANTS
APPLI CAT I ON-ME THOU
APPLICATION-METHOD
APPLICATION-RATES
AQUACULTURE
AQUATIC-ANIMALS
AQUEOUS-EXTRACTS
AROCLOR-1254
ARSANILIC-ACIO
ARSANILIC-ACIO
ARSANILIC-ACID
ARSANIL1C-ACID
ARSENICALS
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ARSENIC
ASH
ASH
ftSH
ASH
ASH
ASH
MOPE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYHOROS: CONFINEMENT-PENS SHEEP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
RETENTION BY SHEEP OF COPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS: SHINE-
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONSLLAS, MYCOBACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
DAIRY CATTLE WASTE MANAGEMENTiITS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF HATER QUALITY
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT HASTE KEYHORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-WASTES FEED
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND HASTES KEYHORDS: ARSENICALS FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIG
HO NEED TO CONTROL MANURE EATING BY TURKEYS KEYHOROS: TURKEYS MANURE-EATING ANIMAL-HEAL
WET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT—ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LE
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INTENSITY LIVESTOCK PRCDUCTI
A FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES ALLOWED TO GRAZE PASTURE CONTAM
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS; SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE L
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYHOROS: SLURRIES DAIRY-HASTES BACT
THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
SUCCESSION AND ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN PASTURE MANURE RELATIONSHIP TO FACE FLY SURVIVAL
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
THE IMPLICATION Of HYDROGEOLOGIC FACTORS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON LAND WITH SPECIAL REFE
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS; LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WA
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL HASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYHOR
MICROBIAL CONCERNS HHEN HASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-MICROBI
MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS: LANC-APPLICATION GRASSLAND ANIMAL-HASTE
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS OH SOHN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAEROBIC-D1
HOW MUCH MANURE SHOULD hE PUT ON KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
RECYCLE SOLID ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'- ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPL I CAT I ON CROP-RESPONSE NITR
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS: ENERGY RECYCLING BI DMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
FOOD WASTE, MANURE HOLD PROMISE AS FEED, VETERINARIANS TOLO KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FOOO-WA
STDR1ES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-WASTtS REFEEDING LAND-APPLI CAT I ON RECYCLING FE
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
TABULAR KEYS t. BIOLOGICAL NOTES TO COMMON PARASITOIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA BREEDING
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPO
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANIA ANA RIVER HASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYHOR
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS 61OLOGICAL-TR
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATICN, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS H
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
WILLE COMPOST TANK--A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYHORDS: NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
THE NEEDS FOR WATER CUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KE
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974. I. HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974.II. EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. I I I. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE' NOH AND FCR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, PCTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SHINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICA
A LONG-TERM ROTATIONAL AND MANORIAL TRIAL IN UGANDA KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATI ON ANIMAL-H
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURFACE-M1 WE0-LANDS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEH
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
MANURE US. ANAEROBIC RESIDUE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES WASTE-COMPOSITI
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND WASTES KEYHORDS: ARSENICALS FEED-ADD ITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1. KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTE
THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYHORDS. RECYCLING ANIMAL-HASTES METHANE METHAN
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL !N THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYHORDS: LANO-APPLIC
MICROFLORA OF NEHLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES A
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COPROPHILOUS FUNGI AND FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
ENERGY RECOVERY ON- THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF A\I1MAL MANURES KEYHORDS' ANAEROBI
EFFECT OF LONG TERM MANURING CN IHE SOIL PHOSPHATE POTENTIAL IN CALCAREOUS SOIL AND ITS
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND A.MIMAL WASTES IN THE PU
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE ANT. ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYHOROS ANIMAL-HASTES SAW
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT — ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES LE
SUCCESSIONS OF Ml CRCOP.GAN I SMS AND INVERTEBRATA AND THEIR CONNECTIONS WITH BIOCHEMICAL P
SUPPRESSION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHOSPHORUS FIXATION BY FARMYARD MANURE—I. HIGH PHOSPHORU
STUDIES ON POULTRY MANURE IN RELATION TO VEGETABLE PRODUCTION. II POTATO KEYWORDS POUL
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS ON ANIMAL WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS' REFEEDING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SHINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS' SWINE DRINKING-WATER
EFFECT OF DIETARY CXYTETRACYCLINE ON MICROORGANISMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYWORDS' DIETS OXY
SUCCESSION AND ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN PASTURE MANURE RELATIONSHIP TO FACE FLY SURVIVAL
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION AN IMAL-WA STE S NITROGEN HASTE-COMPO
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RATES OF OA1RY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL HATER NITRATE LEVELS K
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYHORDS: AOUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-HASTE
LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS CHAPTER 5; AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYHORDS LIVESTO
CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
LONG-TERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A POLYCHLORINATEO BIPH
RESIDUE TRANSFER ANO ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID IN SHINE DIETS ON FRESH WASTE PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND ANAE
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SHINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
DIETARY ARSENIC EFFECTS ON STORED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES ARSANILIC-ACID S
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND WASTES KEYHORDS', ARSENICALS FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEM SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWT)
ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A COASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED HIH POULTRY MANURE KEYHOR
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KtYWORDS; REFEECIKC FEED-ADD ITIYES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID IN SWINE DIETS ON FRESH WASTE PRODUCTION, COMPOS TION AND ANAE
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMHRULIUM "r"UGENIC
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEN 01E" ON TRACE M
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON HASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXI?*T'™ °4c"nNG COW' KEYWnpn
COMPLETE RATIONS FOR DAIRY CATTLE. VII. DR1" PUULTRY kl AS, AGRICULTURAL WASTES KE
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUC1 OF EHERGV PROOUCHU lsNC_appLICATI ON ASH SEH
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURFACE n'™^ KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DR
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS—A Rtvic" »«SILS OR
22
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
200
100
100
100
400
400
100
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
400
100
300
100
300
300
300
400
ZOO
700
300
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
400
100
100
400
200
200
100
200
700
100
100
300
300
100
100
100
100
300
400
100
1 00
400
200
100
100
200
100
300
100
400
400
400
300
300
500
400
100
300
100
100
100
200
300
300
200
500
200
400
100
300
100
100
100
400
400
300
200
100
100
400
200
400
400
300
400
100
400
76
77
73
72
72
77
76
72
72
72
74
73
75
77
75
76
76
75
77
72
(2
(6
77
70
73
77
76
74
71
74
76
77
76
73
73
76
77
76
76
75
76
70
76
75
75
76
72
75
74
77
75
73
It,
76
77
n
75
7 7
76
75
77
(6
77
74
77
77
73
74
77
76
77
IZ
72
72
75
76
II,
74
75
73
77
74
75
76
77
76
77
72
77
76
76
T6
77
76
70
71
76
70
It
77
4246
4062
4248
4249
4475
4133
4005
4007
4009
4010
4023
4100
4102
4 16 1
4162
4166
4192
4242
4244
4338
4339
4355
4380
4384
4414
4482
4523
4562
4657
4598
4432
4424
4028
4507
4126
4138
4404
4433
4433
4662
4625
4069
4074
4592
4039
4427
4009
4205
4376
4381
4434
4549
4602
4656
4294
4065
4135
44 17
4177
4608
4659
4222
4504
4511
4 'j 6 3
4597
44 72
4596
4371
4446
4462
4008
4009
4010
4026
4028
4068
4072
4200
4397
4428
4562
4586
4602
4636
4654
4296
4336
4509
4172
4045
4146
4498
4403
4311
4370
4004
1311
4344
4370
ATRAZINE
AUTOCLAVING
AUTOCLAVINGMCNAB
AUTOCLAVING
AUTOCLAVING
AWARDS
BACTERIAL-SPRAY
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER 1 A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER 1 A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER IA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTER A
BACTER A
BACTER A
BACTER A
BACTEH A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIOLOGICAL
BACTEHIOPHAGES
BARNYAKDS
BARRIEREO-LANDSCAP
BARR I ER-OI TCHE S
BEOOI NG
BEDDING
BEUU 1 NG
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEETLES
BENTH IC-FAUMA
BENTONI TE
BENIONI TE
BIBL IDGRAPHIES
BIBL IOGRAPHIES
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-GXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHGMICAL-OXYGFN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
6 IOCHEM ICAL- TREATM
BIOCIDES
BIOCIOES
BIOCIDES
BYCONVERSION
BIODEGRADABI L 1 T Y
BIODEGI1ADAT10N
BIOGAS
BIOGAS
BIOCAS
81 OCA S
BIOGAS
BIOCAS-PLANTS
BIOGAS-PLANTS
B I 01 OG ICAL-CONTROL
BIOLOGICAL-PROPER!
BIOLOGICAL-PROPER!
BIOLOCICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
IJIOLOCICHL-TREATME
B [OI.OG ICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
B 1 OLOG ICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATMF
B10MASS-CROPS
BIO-GAS-PLANTS
BIO-MASS-FUELS
BLOOD
BORON
BREEDING
BROADCASTING
BUFFER-JONES
BUILD ING-BLOCKS
BUILDING-MATERIALS
BYPRODUCTS
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY -PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PKOOUCT-RECOVETI
EFFECT OF S1MAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL HASTE REFEEDING KE/HOROS: REFEE01NG PATHOGE
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND THE HETABOLI SABLE ENERGY VALUE OF EIGHT SA
THE GROWTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LOW-PROTEIN DIETS CONTAINING TRIAMKONIUH CITRATE, DI
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROWTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES Oil DRIED AUTOCLA
AWARDS MADE FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS! AWARDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-COUTH
BACTERIAL SPRAY ON MANURE INEFFECTIVE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS". BACTER IAL - SPRAY FLY-CONT
HATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND PRELIMINA
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEN
EVALUATION OF PORCELAIN CUP SOIL WATER SAMPLERS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KEYWORDS
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BARN KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-MAS
DIURNAL AND ANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS OF AERIAL BACTERIAL AND OUST LEVELS IK ENCLOSED SHINE H
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM ADULT SHINE KEYWORDS; SHINE-WASTES
RELATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF AERIAL BACTERIA AND DUST IN SWINE HOUSES KEYWORDS
RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM THE FECES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES BIOTYPES OF STAPHd. OCO'ICUS AUR
FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEOLOf RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL HATER QUALITY STANDARDS KE
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HAS'. ES FEP-HF. MTAT I ON
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FOP CHANNEL CATFISH KEYWORDS: REFEED1NG
HASTEHATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS' MUNICIPAL-HASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLICATION FORAGES
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SWINE FECAL WASTE WITH GROUND ORCHARDGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
WINTERING BROOD COWS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY UTTER". RESEARCHER KEYWORDS: REFEEOING PO
STATE OF THE ART: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOCNS HASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIMAL WASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-HATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYC06ACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHETUCHIA COL I
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS'. BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-HASTES
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYWORDS: SLURRIES DAIRY-WASTES BACT
SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND
STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGE DISTRIBUTION — VIRULENT AND TEMPERATE flACTFCIOPHAGE CONTENT OF
ANALYZING NITRATES IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS: NITRATES GROUNDWATER BARNYARDS FEEOLOTS METH
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIOUID-WASTES BIOL
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE OD
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS: HOUSING CA
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
CAIIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAG
WILLE COMPOST TANK--A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOH COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
W1LLE COMPOST TANK--A DESIGN STUDY FCR A CONTINUOUS FLOH COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMSN
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
SMALL DUNG BEEILES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS— LABORATORY STUDIES OF TicF-TLt ACTION 0
THE EFFECT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN 1HE CGTTQNWGOD RIVEft, KANSAS KE
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LSTTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYWORDS: POIJL TRY-L ITTER-E/(TRACT
NATURAL METHODS OF PURIFYING WASTE WATERS AND UTILIZING THEM IN AGR I UCLTUP.E , BIBLIOGRAP
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF--A BI BL 1 OCR APHY. VOLUME 2.KEYWORDS. AGR I CUL TURAL-RUNOI-T- 61 BH OGHAPI-II
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAf.CON SYSTEMS K
WASTE CHARACTFRIZAIION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PROOUCTICN Of CA1FISH KEYWORDS' FISH-WASTES
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: LANO-0ISPOSAL SWINE
MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER DUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES H6SIE-STO
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEHATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYWORDS
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINF-WASTES AEftUBIC~111tATHEMT ANAERO
FEEDLQT OOOR CONTROL RELIES ON TJRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORD'.' ODOR-CONTROL FEED
PRESERVATION AMD REFEEDING POULTRY WASTE TU CA T VLE ' KE Y WORD'.' PEFEED1NG POULTRY-LITTER C
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECTrS DF BOVINE; FEO TH 6040 IN
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLYt MUSCA OOMESMCA KEYWORDS
METHANE PRODUCTION THROUGH B I OCCNVERS I CN OF AGP I CUL TUI'AL RESICU!:^ KEYHURDS: AGPJCULTURA
THE USE OF RFSPIROMETR1C METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE BIODtGRADABTL1TY OF DIFFERENT COMPON
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS' AEH03IC-TREATMENT
UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION FNFRGY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS CATTLE-WAST
MANURE IS MOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVFSTCCK-WASTES RECYCL.'Mi, PYROLYSfS HYDRO
COWTOWN'S MANURE MFANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIL'GAS METHANE C.A TTL E-r!ASTFS FEEOL
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAERCBIC DIGESTION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS'. aNAEH.OBI
BIO-GAS PLANT--DESIGNS WITH SPECIFICATIONS KEYWORDS: BI OCAS-PLANT! ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
BIO-GAS PLANT GENERATING MFTUANE FROM ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: METHANE BIOGAS-PLANTS AN
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEDLOT FLY CCNTPOL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEEDLOT
EXAMINATION OF POULTRY LITTER FOR SALMONELLAE BY DIRECT CULTURE AND FLUORESCENT ANTIBOD
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELAIED T C GRC1UNO-H AT ER CO.NTCM INATI ON KEYWORD
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Of LIQUID MANUR
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL Li'.&OON SYSTEMS K
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF IIS I-'HYSICAL, CHEK
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SHINE KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH P.EFEE01NG SHI
IERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: DA IRY-t/ASTES LIOU!D-WftSTES BIOL
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOP POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-MUSTES BIQLOG1CA
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS! FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT ChEM I C tL-TI>E ATMFJJT BIOLOGi
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS: NU TR I ENT-COI'ITKOL LAND- £ PPL 1C ATI
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL. AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL HASTES KEYWORDS': B { Oi. FIG t C AL--TR
ENGINEER EKPIAINS NEW HASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KFVHORDS: FEHJIO f-TIUNOFf- DAT ER -fOl LUT I QM-CONT
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGAN 1C.- 'JASTES
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE ODOR CONTKI1L KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LANU-APPL > C AT I Ot'J B ( OLOG : f £L-TP,
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER USING A ROTATING BI'JLOCICtL CONTACTOR r^'-tOCUS
A COMPARISON ON PH-CONTROLLEO AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN- CONTROLLED NUTRIENT ADDITION FOR HI
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTFS KFYWORDS; AN AEP.OT1.! (> D I GE S* KJT! '">Vi IMF- wf, ^.,' F. C
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS; ENERGY RECYCLING 8 IOMASS-LROPS CPOP-RESIOUCS bLUul-J--
BUILDING A BIO-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS'. B10-GA'j-PI AN IS DESIGN LIQUID-WASTES AGITATION HFA1IH
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE'. NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE EHFRC-Y-CHNSUHP 7
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLUOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL Bl000 PAUNCH-hANURE PA
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS. EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS. POULTRY-HASHES t
TABULAR KEYS f, BIOLOGICAL NOTES 10 COMMCM P An AS 1 T CI CS OF SYMOM THRLjp K, OUTERS BREEDING
NITROGEN LOSS IN SHINE HASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION hi 1 TP.QGE N-LO
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS KFLATED I'D PATHOGENS IN PRE Tp t ATMEN T-LAND APPLICATION SV
IMAGINE YOUR FEEDLOT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MRL AND DRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POHE
FEEDLOT MANURE'.THE ECOLOGY INSPIRED BUILDING HAIEHiAL KEYWORDS. TiECVCIINC. ECOLJTE BUILD
CONVERSION OF CATTLE MANUTIt IMTO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: C/UTLE-HAS1F.S BYPRODUCTS PVR
IMAGINE YOUP. FEEOLOT HANURE CAN POWER YQUh MILL AIMD BftlHG CASH FROI'' SALE OF EXCESS POi-JE
AHIHAL HASTCS AS SU&SlfUTES T-011. PROTTM P!':ODUC!" ION KEYWORDS AH !K. ".L-H..I, STF S MIRVrrUATES P
I'lO DEGREES 15. CH I T I CAL — MF THftNE FRCI1 CATTLE HASTF FERMENT* T 1 Oi' STPIITS I', "f ', U> V , CONTiNU
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4441
700 76 4458
400 77 4504
400 77 4522
400 77 4530
400 77 4563
400 77 4582
100 77 4633
100 75 4637
100 74 4647
100 76 4046
200 77 4063
500 77 4082
100 77 4210
100 76 4588
100 76 4045
400 77 4070
500 77 4090
300 76 4097
100 77 4145
100 76 4213
300 74 4217
400 77 4314
100 76 4481
400 77 4522
100 76 4639
100 77 4363
400 77 4476
100 77 4469
400 76 4539
300 75 4505
200 76 4551
400 76 4184
300 77 4112
400 72 4303
200 76 4433
100 75 4491
400 77 4066
100 73 4125
400 77 4171
300 77 4430
400 77 4445
400 77 4504
300 77 4655
200 76 4305
400 74 4511
100 77 4291
100 77 4633
100 77 4229
100 76 4213
600 74 4013
100 75 4022
400 77 4031
200 77 4061
200 77 4063
200 77 4065
400 77 4070
100 76 4104
100 74 4108
100 73 4125
100 73 4126
100 77 4148
300 74 4152
'<00 77 4165
300 75 4187
400 77 4204
100 77 4208
400 77 4215
300 74 4217
100 76 4234
100 76 4237
400 7? 4239
400 77 4253
400 77 4255
400 77 4257
400 77 4258
200 77 4273
200 77 4278
200 77 4283
400 77 4293
400 77 4300
400 71 4302
100 73 4304
200 76 4J05
300 71 4jl&
400 17 4320
100 T5 *,3;a
20fl 77 4335
100 77 4363
100 74 4374
300 77 4379
400 77 4380
400 77 4308
100 76 4389
100 7T 4391
300 72 4393
200 72 «v*00
400 11 4402
500 Tf, J."»<18
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BV-PROOUCT-RECOVER
CADMIUM
CADMIUM
CADMIUM
CADMIUM
CADHIUM-AVAILABIL1
CALC(UM
CALCIUM
CALC[UK
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALCS UM
CALCIUM-BENTCNITE
CALCIUM-BENTONITE
CALCIUM-PHOSPHATES
CALIFORNIA-LAW
CANADA-LAW
CANADA-LAW
CANNERY-WASTES
C0RBON
CARBON
CARBON
CARBON
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-MONOXIDE
CARBOM-MONCXIDE
CARBOXYLIC-ACIOS
CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS
CARGO-SYSTEMS
CATIONS
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CAT1LE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CA1TLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLt
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CUTTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CSTTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTI. 7
' J.TTLF
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
THE SYMBIOTIC GROWTH OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA ON SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS'. AEROBIC-TREATMENT B
MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING HASTE—IT' S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF W4Y
BACTERIA POWER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILISER IN IOWA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING
COHTOWN'S MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CATTLE-WASTES FEEDL
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG HASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
GROWTH OF ALGAE ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HASTES LAGOONS ALGAE WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE
EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE ADDITIONS ON THE EXTRACT AS IL [TV OF AN ADDED METAL KEYWORDS'. PO
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS'. REF6EOING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS; ZINC CADMIUM
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC DUALITY 0
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES L
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-OP. I ED WASTE-COMPO
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEFF-FEEDLOT
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FEEDLIIT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATI
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS' GROUNCHATER-POLLUTION SO IL-CONTAHINAT
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS —A REVIEW KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES-DR
ODOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: ODOR FEEDLOTS CATTLE DILUT[ONS-TO-THRESHO
FEEDLOT ODOR INTENSITY KEYWORDS: DDOR FEEDLOTS CA1ILE SCENTOMETER-P.E AD INGS ODOR-CONTROL
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULL6 , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
MCNALLY TURNS OUT A UNIFORM HIGH-QUALITY OPW KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED F
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
FEED GRAIN SUPPLIES, USE OF WASTES AS FEED INGREDIENTS DETAILED AT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF ANIMAL MANURE ON SOYBEANS AND SOIL KEYWORDS: LAND-APPL1C AT I ON DAIRY-WASTES C
METHANE POWER: THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES DiGESTE
UILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. III. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPING MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STOR AGE GASES AGITATI
EFFECTS OF &EEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON CASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS GASES IOX1CITY HYOROGEN-S
LA8URATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYWORDS'. COMPOSTING F
GUIDE ID EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: CDOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SWINE-WAST
MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS C AITLE-WASTE S RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAP,
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE WASTES OIL CARBON-MONOXtD
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTCCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGAMC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; APPLICATION TO POULTR
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS; SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLCT ANC AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS; FEEOLOTS CMI
CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM GRAIN RECONSTITUTED WITH EXCREMENT FROM FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWO
PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY METABOLISM OF STEERS FED A CONCENTRATE OR ROUGHAGE DIET IN CONVE
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FCR EACH STEER FED KEYHOUOS: RECYCLI
FORMULATING AND MILLING FEEDS CONTAINING MANURE FROM OPEN FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
RESIDUE TRANSFER AI-.0 ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS; REFEECINC FEED-AOOIT WE S ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
PRESERVATION AND REFEEDING POLLTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFCEDING POULTRY-LITTER C
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEFDING POULTRY-WASTES-OR I ED WASTF-COMPO
HATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON A SEMIARID WATERSHED IN S. E. UTAH KEY
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWCRDS' POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CCNT Ai» 11\ ANT S REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS: HOUSING C*.
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED WASTELACE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED UAST
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPEC1S
RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MFRTEN'S KEYWORDS: FSEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
FEEDING VALUE OF EXCRETA-STOVER SILAGE AND CORN RESIDUE FOR BEET COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDI
FEED-THROUGH LABVICIDE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYWORDS: FEED- AOIJI T 1VES FLY-CONTROL LAR
FERMENTATION, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABILIfY OF ARO\LrR LITTER FM
PELLETED POULTRY LITTER ECONOMICAL CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-L I TVER REFttDING CAfT
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLDTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS' GROUNCH ATER-PCLl U MUN SU IL-CONTAMINAT
DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT FOR BtEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RtFE
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE HASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS: LIQLI ]U-hASTES LATILE-HAST
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEOING MANURF KEYWORDS: CATTLE -WASTES EN
CATTLE FEEDING GAINS REPORTED GOOD ON MISSISSIPPI COMPANY'S POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
BROILER WASTES GOOD PRCIE1N SOURCE KEYWORDS: RF.FEEOINC POULTRY-WAS 1rS CATTLE PERFORMAN
IOWA FARMERS FEED DRIED POULTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: POUL TRY-WASTL S-UP. ! Ell RFFEF.DIM
RECYCLING SOLVES HASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING CATTLE-HASTTS C
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERIMC CLiMAlC T
CASE STUDIES OF HATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLCT OPERATIONS AND FUTURC DEMAND FOR PR I V
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I - BEEF WASTE MANAGEMEM" KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT CAITLE G
FEEDLGT WASTE WORKS IN GROWING RATION TEST KEYWORDS', CATTLE-HASTES DEHYDRATION ENSILING
RE-CYCLING is NO CURE-ALL KEYWORDS: RET-EEOINC FEEDLOT-WOSTES CATTLE PIRFURMANCE ETONOMI
DIVERSIFY — BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOI/A CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT COMF I ME i'F.K'T
TOX1CI1Y OF SO 8447 AND DICHLCRVOS TO LARVAE OF THE HORN FLY HAEMATOUIA IKRITAM'.. DIPT
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OH. KEYWURDS: RECYCLING CATTLE WASTES OIL C ARBON-MUNUXI El
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS? MASTt-MANACCMENT FEEULOTS LJVT:S10
SEMI-CONFINEMENT AT l,-3 THE COST KEYWORDS: SEMI-CONFINEMENT CATTLE- ECONOMICS HEATHER ul\
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE IN RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS: P AUNCI l-MANURf KEFEEDINC Slir-TP C
UTILKAHON OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLOWER HULLS WITH POULTRY LITTER AND SUNFLOllLR HULL
ODOR INTENSITIES AJ CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS' ODOR FEEOLDTS CATTLF DILUT 10Ni-TM-l HIIESHO
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE WASlt FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS; REFEEDING CAMLE-WASTFS HASTEIAG
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE HASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION TEYHCIROS
WINTERING BROOD COWS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER! RESEARCHER KEYWORDS: B FFT: ED I ,\IG PO
2,051 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAND-APPL I LA TI Or! i.lOUI
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE KEYWORDS; ENSILING CA ULE- WAS It- S REl-FFO'NG CAT,
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN Ft'CES OF RUMINANTS I.EYHOKUV IHtls INTE TIHAL-
AM AHALVC.S OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT DESIGNS FOR POLL IJT I ON CON TROL
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200 74 4415
400 77 4473
400 77 4476
400 77 4479
400 73 4488
100 76 4497
300 72 4501
300 77 4503
400 77 4516
400 77 4526
200 73 4533
100 76 4534
400 77 4530
400 77 4571
400 76 4576
400 77 4609
-00 77 -c-3
100 73 4646
400 77 4664
100 71 4002
300 76 4004
100 7^ 4007
600 74 4013
400 77 -01-
lOO 77 4031
100 74 -032
100 77 -043
400 74 405L
200 77 4059
300 75 4075
500 77 4090
50C 77 *091
-GO 77 4123
100 75 4135
100 77 41-.0
100 77 *l-.6
100 77 -.143
400 77 4153
100 72 4155
400 77 4165
400 77 4183
-.00 7o 4184
100 74 4191
IOC 76 -211
400 77 »:12
-CO 77 -210
-00 74 422C>
100 76 40.22
IOC 76 -T37
400 77 4239
400 7(5 4241
400 77 -4253
700 70 -263
100 70 4285
100 75 4286
IOC 75 -237
100 77 -.290
-00. 7o -299
IOC 7t> -303
3CO 7d 431*
200 75 4327
ICC 76 4351
100 72 -35o
100 73 4361
100 77 43o5
200 76 «3c7
400 71 -370
200 77 4373
100 74 <.37»
100 76 -375
100 7- -376
4CC 77 -373
3CO 77 -379
100 76 4339
100 76 4395
100 77 4359
300 74 4412
700 73 -41-
100 75 4420
100 7o 4432
3CO 75 4434
400 77 443s
400 77 4440
300 77 445-
100 69 4459
IOC 69 -460
300 77 -461
100 77 4464
100 77 4468
IOC 77 4469
700 74 4502
400 77 4504
100 76 »512
400 77 4516
400 77 4522
400 75 4531
200 73 4533
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
C4TTLE-H4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-hASTES
CATTLE-.45TES
CATTLE-HASTES
CSTTLE-KASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-. A.STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE- ASTES
CATTLE- ASTES
CATTLE- ASTES
C4TTLE- 4STES
CATTLE- ASTES
C4TTLE- ASTES
C4TTL.E-H4STE5
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-. ASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-PISTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-i-aSTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-»4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE- I.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-H 4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-SASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
C4TTLE-H4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CSTTLE-HASTEE
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-H4STES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-.ASTES
CATTLE-H- ASTES
CATTLE-NASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT STUDY IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS? CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
FEEDING POULTRY UTTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
FEEOLOT ODOR INTENSITY KEYWORDS: OOOR FEEOLOTS CATTLE SCENTOMETER-READINGS ODCR-CONTROL
HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HOUSING OPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-DR1ED CATTLE S
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE 8EEF PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING OIGESTI
SODIUM LEVELS IN BEEF CATTLE FINISHING RATIONS AS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRAT
BEEF CATTLE FEEOLDT RUNOFF AND CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS'- FEEOLOT-RUNOFF RU
»ILO-»ANURE SLURRY BEATS RECONSTITUTING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES CATTLE PERFOR
HhAT'S HOUSING RE4LLY HCRTH KEYWORDS: CCNFINENENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF CATTLE "ANUSES IN DRYLOT FEEDING KEYWORDS' REFEEDING
URINARY 4LLANTQIN EXCRETION AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-MATTER 1.NT4KE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO KEYW
FARM ?ROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS HORK .ITH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PEN
4 PLACE FCR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
HOUSING AND ECl-IPMENT—OPTION'S FOR CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSI
WET CAGE LAYER "4SLRE FED TC FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYHCROS' POULTRY-WASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES CATTLE FEED CCSTS KEYWORDS'- POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REFE
A FURTHER 4SSESS"ENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES 4LLOHEO TO GRAZE PASTURE CONT1."
NEk RECYCLING TRIAL SHOHS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEY.CRDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INTO THE EFFECT OF CATTLE MANURE CN FASCIOL4 HEPATICA EGGS KEYWORD
CONVERSION OF CATTLE MANURE INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES BYPRODLCTS PYR
HATER MANAO.E"ENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LICLJD MANURE AND PRELIMINA
CHARACTERISTICS CF SCKG--UM GRAIN RECCNSTITUTEC .ITH EXCREMENT FROM FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYHO
EXCREMENT RECONSTITLTED G-SAIN FOR GRC.ING ANT FINISHING CATTLE KEYHCRCS' REFEEDING ECON
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE 8USI-ELS OF CORN FOR E1CH STEER FED KEYkCRDS: RECYCLI
CHANGES IN THE RHIZGSP"ERE EFFECT OF "ILLET ASSOCIATED .ITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION HlTH A
MICRCBI4L POPULATION CHANGES AKD FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE "ANL'RE-
MANLRE KEYkOROS: COMPOSTING RECYCLING FUELS ECCNOWICS CATTLE—WASTES ORGANIC-WASTES
USE OF HASTE FRO" CPEN FEEDLOTS FCR FATTENING, GSC.ING AND "AINTENSNCE RATIONS KEYHORD
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FRC'M THE PARTIAL OXIDATION Cp CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE
SALT 4CCLMUL4TICN IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES JF SEEF-FEEDLOT
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL 4NC W4NAGEMENT CONSIDERATION'S IN L4ND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HA
COMPOSTING MANES MA-.L.RE r--41?LING EAS» Nt^.C^DS' COMPOSTING CATTLE-HASTES WINDROWS AERAT
INSECT C-ROTH REGULATORS OEvELCP-ENT 0= HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF 5QVINES FED TH 6040 IN
T:~ER*3PHI LIC wETh4NE PRCDl.CTICN F^O11 CATTLE HASTE KEY.CRDS: ANAERCBIC-OIGEST ION CATTLE-
CO>-?OSITION Oc CORN PLANT ENSILED WITf EXCRETA CR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS 4ND ITS EFFECT
°E;ii:0>v ANCE CF 5EE11 CATTLE FEO .ASTELiGE 4\S? DIGESTIBILITY OF .ASTELAGE AND DRIEO HAST
M4NINC. THE MOST OF .4STE XEYHOv£^
ENCAPSULATED RA?CN FDR LAR.'iL SDLSE FLY CONTROL IN CO- U4NL'RE ^EY.CROS: FLY-C'ONTRCL FEE
CHANGES IN SEEPAGE RATE FRCU AN ^NLINEC CATT_E HSSTE CIC-ESTICN PDND KEYWORDS 04TT_E-.4
HEAD LOSS CF SEEF "V.tRE SLcRRY FLO- IN POL Y VI NY LCHL'DR I Dt PIPE KEYiCRCS CATT,. E-hASTES
kET~4\E FERMENTATION CF ANI^4L -iSTES VEY>DRCS: «4STE-TREATHENT METHA\E REFEEDING C4TTL
FEECLCT "SSLRE THE ECCLOGN INS-'IRED .^UDING -1TERIAL VEY>CRDS: RECYCLING EODLITE SLl-C
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETRD 0.--Eu S DiL S FRC^ CiTTLE FEEDLDT M.i'^RE VE'iDROS: C-ATTLE-HA
NL'TRITICNSL V4LLE OF CJTTLE HASTE FCR CATTLE NEY.CROS: RECEDING C4TTL E-H ASTES .4STEL4G
T"E DEYELOPME'^ IN ?EEC CATTLE Mi-^'RE 0^ ;ETRI ELL ID IL" SCYDI! SHE4R MA^LOCH, a PDTENTIA
LSE OF FLLID CD..S-E: -A.NLIRE IN PIS'- PCNCS NEY.DRCS: ISRAEL REFEEDING c I S~ PONDS C4TTLE-
1-0 DEGREES IS CRITICA^ — "CTV.1V= c^ct, CJTTLE HASTE FER-ENT4TION ST4RTS R4=i:LY, CONTINL
INFLUENCE CF RECYCLING 3EEF CiTTLE .4STE CN I', [ I 0. EST Ic. t RESIC.E ACCL"LL4TI ;s KEY'.DRDS
N^TRITI.E Y'4L^E CF ENSILED C4TTLE .4STE KEY.ORCS: ENSILING C4TTLE-.5STES REFEEDING CiTT
CAT
ANNL4L DYNAMICS CF C-4NGES IN C--4R 40TES IST 1C P
L'TILIiATICN Oc CATTLE EXCREMENT CCR GSChT- AND
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYHCRDS: C4TTLE FEEDS S
&ACTERIDLOGI04L STLDIES CF CCNFINE1JEVT ANIMiL .4STE 4ND S - R'. I \ 1
A STUDY CN THE RELATUE EFFICIENCY CF 'ORGANIC MJV^RES 4\r T^E E
STLOIES ON 3JCTERIOPH4GE OISTRIBtTICN—MRLLE'.T SNC 'E"TERATE 5
MICROBIOLOGY AND .ATER CU4LITY IN 4 TRIpLTiRY OF CAYLG4 LAKE KE
THE Mi-^PY EART-^.CRM KEYWORDS: RECYCLING 0 4TTLE-. ASTES °4LNC---M4
INJECTING M4',.5E pjis HlT.s 54,EC NITROGEN (.EY.ORCS
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SC^EUE FCR AGSl-'LLT^Ri
L= LIJtIC "AN^RE FRC" L
EEF C4TTLE KEYWORDS: RE
LT-^EVEuS PERFOR«4NCE C
STUDIES GF INDICATOR 6
FECT CF SALINITY CN ITS
CTERICPFAC-E CONTENT OF
tRE FEEOLCTS EiRTt-«DR"S
SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-.ASTES LiNO-4 = =>
SOLID .ASTES ^EYKCRDS: SCLID-nASTES
STLC:ES ON T-E L.SE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TC UANLRE siR.EY i-- T^E ECFECT OF ic-E 4No CILL'T
STUDIES CN THE LSE CF ANIM1L SLURRIES TC M4SC=;E 3IRLEY 2— THE EFFECT CF 4,.T...»s. .INTE
• ASTE MS\JGEMENT PR4CTICES c= HESTERS CATTLE FEEDLCTS VEY-CROS: HISTE-MASAC-EMSNT FEEOLO
CHARACTERIZATION OF 4N AGEST IN 4wLECi-s EXTRSCTS of eEEF C4TTLE "ANLRE THAT INHIBITS T-
COMpOSITION 4ND REJCTICNS DP Ll.'.'ID V4SL.RE G^LLE , .ITH P4RTIO,vlR REFERENCE T; P-.OSP-4
COMPOSITION 4ND RE4CTICNS Oc ..iC^O "ASoRE G^LLE , .IT- PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO P»-CS = -4
ThE EFFECT CF TCT4L SCLIDS CONTENT, F4RTICLE SIZE, F^O. \ELDCIT'', 4ND VISCOSITY CF 5EEF
M4NLRE IS NO. 4 COMMODITY vE-'-O^OS; FEECLOTS CATT ^E-.4 S TES RECYCLINO- 5:OG4S uET-i\- C4R
THE 5P4TI4L DISTRIB^Tio., rp EvCRETS LNCER INTENSIiE C4TJLE GR-SCING NEY.CROS: CiTTLE-»,4s
«ILC-M4N..RE SLtRR> SE4TS RECONST ITL T : NO- NEY.CRDS: REFEEDING C A'TL E-.A STE S 04TTW= PER=CR
ON STR4. 4ND GCLC, M4NLRE AND ALGit — FEEDING »4STE—IT'S BEING CONE IN 4 ',4xIETY OF HAY
STORAGE-STORE MANLRE AS IF !T nERE \ 4L^ 43LE-3EC 4^ SE IT IS KEY.CRDS: ~ER~ ! •_ IIER S C4TTLE-
03SERV4TIONS CCNCERSiNG V^E ^SE OF C4TTLE «4N^RES Is ORYLOT FEEDING vE-.;ROS: RECCED;NG
25
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200 74 4535
400 77 4563
400 71 4566
100 77 4579
400 77 4582
100 75 4564
100 75 4589
100 74 4598
100 76 4600
400 77 4610
200 76 4614
100 73 4621
100 71 4622
100 71 4629
700 72 4635
200 72 4640
100 72 4649
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 76 4654
300 77 4655
400 77 4664
400 77 4665
100 76 4101
400 77 4537
100 77 4470
100 77 4244
200 76 4367
100 75 4637
100 73 4621
100 75 4490
300 75 4075
200 75 4327
700 73 4331
400 74 4511
100 74 4191
400 77 4371
300 76 4028
700 72 4271
700 74 4345
100 77 4349
100 77 4369
100 74 4376
300 76 4594
100 77 4599
100 76 4602
300 75 4593
300 75 4075
300 76 4109
100 76 4237
300 75 4242
300 72 4339
300 77 4482
100 72 4008
100 72 4010
200 77 4060
200 74 4072
300 74 4152
400 77 4153
500 75 4200
100 75 4206
400 77 4294
400 77 4314
100 77 4465
400 73 4507
100 74 4562
400 77 4581
300 75 4586
100 73 4621
300 76 4312
500 77 4088
700 76 4543
100 77 4369
100 77 4381
300 75 4242
200 74 4347
100 74 4661
400 72 4336
400 76 4480
400 77 4485
400 77 4495
200 77 4273
300 75 4444
300 77 4449
200 75 4620
200 75 4327
400 77 4027
400 77 4103
100 74 4023
100 76 4104
300 76 4355
300 75 4434
100 77 4348
100 76 4425
400 75 4550
400 70 4311
300 76 4315
400 74 4051
400 77 4123
300 76 4207
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES-DEHY
CATTLE-HASTES-DRIE
CATTLE-HASTE
CELL-YIELD
CENTRIFUGATION
CENTRIFUGATION
CENTRIFUGING
CHALK
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHEM1CAL-ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL-CONTROL
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEHICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEHICAL-DXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEHICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHISEL-PLOW
CHLORIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORIDE
CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION
CHLORINE
CHOPPING
CIRCULATING
CLEANING
CLEANING
CLEANING
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CLYCLONIC-BURNER
COCCIDIOSIS
COCCIDIOSTATS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORM-B6CTERIA
COLIFDRM-BACTERIA
COLLECTING-TANK
COMBUSTION-POWER
COMPOSTED-WASTES
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS'. PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HASTES FEED
COHTOHN'S MANURE MEANS MEGAHATTS KEYHORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS HETHANE "TTLE HAM" rcnuL
GOBAR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYHORDS: METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CM Lt H«
THE EFFECT OF THE MICROFLORA IN CATTLE SLURRY ON THE SURVIVAL OF"LMONELL* DUBLIN KEVH
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY °F J^IMAL SCIENCE
RELATIONSHIPS BETHEEN COPROPHILOUS FUNGI AND FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIOHEST BEEF CATTLE ""^J.5 "^S"^' Go»sSL°ND
SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED HITH THE APPLICATION OF "H SLURRY TO GR«SL»ND
EUTROPHICATICN POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTE RUNOFF CHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY WAS
THERMONETICS-THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-HASTES METHANE "RTILIZERS
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FCR HANDLING SEMI-SOLID CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS PU«
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF *°ENOSINETRIPHOSPHATElATW FROM COM SLURRY
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS^SALMONELLA CATTLE-HASTE
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATEO AN I HAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT—ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LE
CONSERVATION OF CATTLE MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE NITROGEN-TR
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES «A"E-STORAGE L
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYHORCS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SHINE-HASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CATTLE-HASTES COMPOST
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FERMENTATION REC
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION GF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYHORDS: REFEEDING CATT
DRIED CATTLE WASTE CAN STRETCH SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE PERFORMANCE CATT
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIOUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FERMENTATION
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
ALGAL GROHIH IN DILUTED PIG WASTE KEYHCRDS: SWINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF ADENOSINETRI PHOSPHATE (ATP) FROM COW SLURRY
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974. II. EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYHOROS: OXIDATION FLU IDIZED-BED-RE ACTOR RECYCLING 0
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
LOSSES FROM CATTLE FAECES DURING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS: SAMPLING-TECHNIOUES CHEMIC
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEOLOT FLY CCNTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEEDLOT
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE CF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES BIOL
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT AERA
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SWINE WASTE LCACING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY WASTES DEPCSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN CXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2.KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WAS
OENITRIFICATION OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIQUID-WASTE
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASFEWATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYHOROS
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE L KEYWORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE LAGOON
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE WASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES CATTLE-WAST
FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEOLOT RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS KE
HASTEHATER RESEARCH EXP4NDS KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-HASTES SEWAGE LANO-APPLI CATION FORAGES
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TC GROUND-WATER CCNTAMINAT1 ON KEYWORD
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO
FUEL FROM FECES KEYHORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTICN KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS: PCULTRY-HAST6S CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS: NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATI
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE L OXIDIZING AGENTS KEY
FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL RELIES ON DRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL FEED
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUH PATHOGENIC
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAERCBIC SWINE MANURE II, IRON COMPOUNDS KEYW
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE OD
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYHOROS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-HASTES
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORIZERS KEYWORDS; CCOR-CONTROL CHEMICAL-TREATMENT MASKI
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE OOOR CONTROL KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTRDL LAND-APPLICATION BIOLOGICAL-TR
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF AOENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE (ATPJ FROM COW SLURRY
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYHORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
OVERLAND RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT CVERLAND-SPRAY-IRRI GAT I ON
GROUNDHATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SHINE WASTE LAGCCNS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES OEPCSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTE KEYHURDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SWINE
FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEDLOT RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS KE
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS.' ODOR-CONTROL SH
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FCR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON HHEAT STRAW AND CHICKE
BUILDING A BIO-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS: B ID-GAS-PL ANJS DESIGN LIQUID-WASTES AGITATION HEATIN
KEEP IT DRY KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
PEN CLEANING ISN'T CHEAP KEYWORDS'. FEEDL CT-WASTES CLEANING EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS MANAGEM
PREPARE FOR WINTER KEYWORDS: FEEOLDT-MANAGEMENT MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-WA
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS' SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLO CLIMATES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FRCM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEOING AERATED HASTES KEYWORDS' REFEEDING OX I DATION-DIT
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
EVALUATION OF PORCELAIN CUP SOIL WATER SAMPLERS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KEYWORDS
STATE-OF-THE-ART: SWINE HASTE
26
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 77 4233
300 72 4353
300 72 4393
300 77 4430
200 76 4433
400 77 4448
400 73 4507
400 73 4549
400 77 4587
100 76 4634
100 74 4661
400 77 4664
500 76 4078
500 77 4092
400 76 4096
300 76 4099
300 76 4170
300 77 4426
700 74 4447
200 77 4663
100 73 4361
300 75 4593
300 76 4207
400 76 4241
300 74 4252
700 73 4414
400 77 4443
400 77 4445
400 71 4556
200 77 4060
400 77 4438
400 77 4031
200 77 4057
400 77 4149
300 74 4152
300 73 4188
200 76 4230
400 77 4259
200 77 4284
400 77 4302
200 73 4323
200 74 4347
400 77 4402
100 72 4409
200 74 4415
300 76 4435
400 77 4437
400 77 4486
400 77 4526
400 77 4536
400 77 4538
400 77 4552
400 77 4553
700 73 4555
400 76 4576
100 75 4642
400 77 4406
100 75 4645
400 77 4317
100 77 4018
200 77 4063
100 76 4121
100 77 4145
100 77 4210
100 76 4213
400 77 4314
100 76 4377
300 75 4429
100 72 4508
100 75 4514
100 74 4108
400 74 4220
400 76 4319
100 76 4325
100 75 4584
400 74 4110
200 76 4172
400 77 4179
400 77 4333
700 74 4345
200 77 4279
400 71 4413
200 71 4457
300 75 4029
300 76 4315
300 76 4030
100 77 4042
100 73 4478
300 75 4037
200 77 4273
200 77 4274
100 76 4591
400 76 4184
400 77 4296
100 75 4451
400 77 4587
300 76 4001
100 72 4006
400 72 4025
400 77 4040
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
CCMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
CCMPOSTING
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
CCMPUTER-MODELS
COMPUTER-MODELS
CCMPUTER-MODELS
CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONF INEMENT
CONFINEMENT
CONFINEMENT-BUILD
CONF INEMENT-BU ILO
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONF INEMENT-PENS
CCNF INEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CCNFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CCNFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONFINEMENT-PENS
CONING
CONSTRUCTION
CCNTROLINER
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
CCPPER
COPPER
COPPER
COPPER
CCPPER
COPPER-TOXICITY
COPPER-TOXICITY
COPPER-TOXICITY
COPPER-TOXICITY
COPROPHILOUS-SUBST
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COSTS
COST-SHARING
COST-SHARING
COST-SHARING
CROPLANDS
CROPLANDS
CROPLAND-MANAGEMEN
CROPLAND-MANAGEMEN
CROP-DAMAGE
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-PRODUCTION
CROP-RESIDUES
CROP-RESIDUES
CROP-RESIDUES
CROP-RESIDUES
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
STUDIES ON THE VIABILITY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA DURING SHORT-TIME-COMPOSTING OF POULTRY
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-H
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DES
LABORATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYWORDS- COMPOSTING E
WILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLCH COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS; SEHAGE-SLUOGE FERTILIZERS LANO-APPLICA
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-STORAGE OD
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-STO
COMPOSTING CONVERTS WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEOLOT-WASTES P
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SAW
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON HHEAT STRAH AND CHICKE
NEH RECYCLING TRIAL SHOHS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYHORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES COMPOST
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS WASTE-
CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF WASTEWATER STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
EPA HILL USE KSU MOCEL AS HASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS- WATER-QUALITY-INOEX COMP
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE LAND APPLICATION OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SWINE FEECLOT HASTEWATERS KEYWORDS. SHINE-WASTES LIO
PROJECTS IN PROGRESS SOME FEEDLOT INS AND OUTS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS AGRIC
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HA
DECISION TOOLS FOR DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS SELECTION KEYHOROS: COMPUTER-MODELS 0
CHANGES IN SEEPAGE RATE FROM AN UNLINEO CATTLE WASTE DIGESTION POND KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HA
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH--STAGE 1.KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART: SWINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYHOROS' SWINE-WAS
THE WEDDING OF CLUCK AND MOO KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS. CHAPTER 5: AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYWORDS LIVESTO
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIMAL WASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
NEH WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYHORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION HASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYHOROS: ODOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SWINE-WAST
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM SCRAPES MANURE-ANO WORK-AHAY KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSIN
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO
HOG HOUSE OUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FOR EACH STEER FED KEYWORDS: RECYCLI
SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
OOORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CDCR-CONTRGL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS'- CAIRY-WASTES LIOUID-WAST
THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHCC OF ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL HASTE-TRE
FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP TO FINISH HOGS KEYWORDS! SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLATTED
THE FARMER'S VIEWPOINT, PART II - SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT SHI
DIVERSIFY — BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS-. MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
CONTROL OF GASES AND OOORS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS. AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SW
RALPH KISSINGER, JR —1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYWORDS' MANAGEMENT CATTLE COMFIN
THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT STUDY IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS. CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-DIS
HIS HOGS DON'T STINK KEYWORDS: CCNFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOWA-LAW ODOR-CONTROL SHI
MORE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS SHEEP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
WHAT'S HOUSING REALLY WORTH KEYWORDS'. CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
FARM PROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS HURK WITH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PEN
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEH PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS," SHINE-
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SHINE OPERATION KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WASTES WA
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS OESIG
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT—OPTIONS FOR CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSI
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-IN TENS ITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCTI
CONTROLLING FLIES WITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES WAS
WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
WASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT CO
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RATES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION ANC ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLCT ANC AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATI
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
RETENTION BY SHEEP OF CCPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS: SWINE-
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING WASTELAGE RUMINAN
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY CF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYHORDS: REFEEDING COPPE
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CCPROPHILOUS FUNGI AND FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD, OR JUST MOVE BUSSY OVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYHORDS: RECYCL
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLCOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL BLOOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
FLY CONTROL THAT COSTS ALMOST NOTHING KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL LARVICIDES COSTS POULTRY-HA
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS' AQUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-WASTE
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYHORDS: POU
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS- SOIL-CONSERVATION-SERVICE
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS: F
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS HATER-POLLUT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND: VOLUME I — A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
HASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT I ON FOREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND'. VOLUME II--AN OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
HOG MANURE WORTH E3.50 PEW TON AS FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-WASTES LAND-
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IiM THE UNITED STATES KE
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS: CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNO
FEED GRAIN SUPPLIES, USE OF HASTES AS FEED INGREDIENTS DETAILED AT CONFERENCE KEYHORDS
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYHORDS: ENERGY RECYCLING BIOMASS-CROPS CHOP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION
COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWCRDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-WASTES P
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS: NITROGEN CONTROL KEYHORDS DESIG
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CARD
ENGINEER SOUNDS WARNING ON USE OF LAGOON HASTE ON FIELD CROPS KEYHORDS' LAND-APPLI CAT 10
BACK TO BASICS—175-BUSHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND HASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SHIN
27
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 76 4044
100 76 4045
200 74 4052
400 77 4071
300 75 4077
500 77 4079
500 77 4081
500 77 4082
500 77 4086
500 77 4089
300 73 4100
300 72 4107
300 77 4112
100 76 4118
100 73 4136
400 72 4157
400 77 4169
400 77 4183
500 75 4198
400 77 4202
100 76 4211
400 77 4212
100 76 4218
100 76 4224
300 76 4251
300 74 4266
700 70 4268
100 76 4306
400 77 4317
400 74 4322
100 76 4325
300 73 4332
300 72 4339
200 76 4359
100 76 4377
300 77 4423
300 75 4429
400 77 4439
400 77 4448
100 75 4450
100 69 4459
100 69 4460
100 77 4464
700 73 4467
100 76 4481
100 77 4483
100 74 4489
100 75 4491
300 75 4493
100 76 4512
100 73 4513
400 77 4517
400 77 4518
400 77 4520
300 76 4521
400 77 4524
400 77 4525
400 77 4527
300 76 4532
400 76 4548
100 73 4580
100 75 4604
100 76 4624
100 76 4630
100 75 4648
100 74 4660
100 74 4661
100 73 4666
100 76 4481
200 76 4359
200 72 4400
300 77 4301
400 73 4488
100 76 4639
400 77 4498
100 76 4098
100 77 4210
100 76 4288
100 77 4290
200 77 4354
400 77 4410
600 4407
300 76 4203
100 76 4222
300 72 4226
200 77 4273
300 75 4474
400 77 4517
200 77 4663
100 74 4015
300 76 4016
300 76 4028
200 16 '.054
100 76 4074
500 76 4078
500 T7 4086
300 76 4099
100 76 4105
300 77 4112
100 76 4118
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CROP-
CRUDE
CRUDE
CRUDE
CRUDE
CULTI
OAIRY
OAIRY
OAIRY
OAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
CA I RY
DAIRY
DA 1RY
DA I RY
DA I RY
DA I RY
DA I RY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
DAIRY
-RESPONSE ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A CCASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED HIM POULTRY MANURE KEYHOR
-RESPONSE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES L
-RESPONSE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LANO-APPLICA
-RESPONSE GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
-RESPONSE STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
-RESPONSE LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
-RESPONSE THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION CN LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
-RESPONSE MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
-RESPONSE CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION L1Q
-RESPONSE SOIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
-RESPONSE LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BARN KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-HAS
-RESPONSE MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLAND ANIMAL-HASTE
-RESPONSE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL MANURE ON SOYBEANS AND SOIL KEYWORDS: LAND- APPL ICAT ION DAIRY-HASTES C
-RESPONSE NITRATE CONTENTS OF SUOANGRASS AND BARLEY FORAGES GROHN ON PLOTS TREATED WITH ANIMAL M
-RESPONSE INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS CN SOHN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
-RESPONSE KANSAN APPLIES FEEOLOT RUN-OFF TO CORN FIELDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF LAND-APPLICATION
-RESPONSE HOW MUCH MANURE SHOULD HE PUT ON KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
-RESPONSE MANURE IMPORTANT FACTOR IN 338 BUSHEL RECORD CORN YIELD KEYWORDS; SWINE-HASTES CATTLE-W
-RESPONSE FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS'. NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER-POLL
-RESPONSE 175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD WITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES S
-RESPONSE FEEDLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
-RESPONSE LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES L IOU IO-HASTES LA
-RESPONSE SOIL NITROGEN. IX. THE EFFECTS OF LEYS AND ORGANIC MANURES ON THE AVAILABLE-N IN CLAY AND
-RESPONSE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY PREVIOUS APPLICATIONS OF POULTRY MAN
-RESPONSE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAN
-RESPONSE RECYCLE SOLID ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NITR
-RESPONSE CATTLE MANURE: I. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS. II. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MN, AND ZN
-RESPONSE AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
-RESPONSE WASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT CO
-RESPONSE THERE'S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS; CAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
-RESPONSE THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS' REFEEOING COPPE
-RESPONSE LSING ORGANIC HASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
-RESPONSE HASTEWATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES SEWAGE LAND- APPLI CAT I ON FORAGES
-RESPONSE CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
-RESPONSE EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
-RESPONSE NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN — WHAT HAPPENS H
-RESPONSE MANURE — LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
-RESPONSE INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION C
RESPONSE CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
RESPONSE NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYWORDS: NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
-RESPONSE STUDIES ON THE USE Of ANIMAL SLURRIES-ID MANURE BARLEY 1 — THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
-RESPONSE STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2 — THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, HINTE
RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
RESPONSE EFFECT OF DRYING CN THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYHORD
RESPONSE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
RESPONSE PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KE
RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974. I. HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. III. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
RESPONSE SHINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER — RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHORDS SWINE-WASTES L IQUI D- WASTES AER08
RESPONSE THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCRETA UNDER INTENSIVE CATTLE GRAZING KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HAS
RESPONSE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
RESPONSE MANAGING MANURE WILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT OAIRY-
RESPONSE MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SHINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICA
RESPONSE PROFITS FROM MANURE-WORKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-
RESPONSE A LONG-TERM ROTATIONAL AND MANORIAL TRIAL IN UGANDA KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-W
RESPONSE CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURF ACE-M I NED-LANDS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEH
RESPONSE MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA FE EDLOT-WASTES CROP-RES
RESPONSE FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS — EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
RESPONSE DAIRY CATTLE WASTE MANAGEMENT- I TS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF WATER QUALITY
RESPONSE EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES EFFL
RESPONSE EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
RESPONSE EFFECT OF LONG TERM MANURING CN THE SOIL PHOSPHATE POTENTIAL IN CALCAREOUS SOIL AND ITS
RESPONSE EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
RESPONSE EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
RESPONSE THE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' PASTURES MAN
RESPONSE SUPPRESSION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHOSPHCRUS FIXATION BY FARMYARD MANURE — I. HIGH PHOSPHORU
RESPONSE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPCST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON WHEAT STRAW AND CHICKE
RESPONSE STUDIES ON POULTRY MANURE IN RELATION TO VEGETABLE PRODUCTION II. POTATO KEYHORDS: POUL
ROTATION NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
SELECTION CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
-PROTEINS RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
-PROTEIN NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYHORDS; REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
-PROTEIN RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS: REFEEDIISG POULTRY-W ASTES-DR I ED CATTLE S
-PROTEIN USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS— A REVIEW KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DR
VATING NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WASTE APPLICATION STUOIEC KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
-CATTLE COMPLETE RATIONS FOR DAIRY CATTLE. VII. DRIED POULTRY WASTE FOR LACTATING COWS KEYWORDS
-CATTLE INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE1 ON COMPOSITION ANC ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
-CATTLE FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYWORD
-CATTLE LONG-TERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A POLYCHLORI NATED BIPH
-CATTLE FEED FED, MILK PRODUCED, AND EXPECTED EXCRETA SOLIDS OF DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS' DAIRY-CATT
-CATTLE POULTRY WASTE — NITROGEN FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POUL TRY-HASTES-DRI
-HEIFERS EFFECT OF CORN STOVER SILAGE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH NITROGEN FROM POULTRY EXCRETA ON D
- ] NOUSTRY WASTEHATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DRYLCT DAIRIES KEYWORDS: DA IK?- INDUSTRY AGRIC
-INDUSTRY UTILIZATION OF 8IOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS CATTLE-HAST
- 1 NOUSTRY WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT
INDUSTRY AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYHORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
- 1 NDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YCRK DAIRY FARM KEY
- 1 NDUSTRY MANAGING MANURE WILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-
- 1 NOUSTRY DECISION TOOLS FOR DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS SELECTION KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS D
WASTES LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
WASTES DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE H
WASTES TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES BIOL
HASTES AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION OF WINTER SPREAD MANURE KEYWORDS: AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LAND-AP
WASTES INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS YkOROS: NAt ROBIC LAGOONS I NF I LTR
HASTES SYSTEM
WASTES CON
WASTES DESI
WASTES FAT
HASTES EFF
HASTES NITRATE CONT
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
300
100
100
300
700
400
100
100
700
700
400
300
400
400
200
400
200
400
100
LOO
300
400
300
700
100
400
400
300
400
400
400
100
100
200
100
100
300
300
400
300
100
100
400
100
200
400
<,GO
200
400
300
400
200
400
100
400
200
100
400
300
700
400
400
400
400
400
400
100
400
200
700
300
200
500
700
300
100
300
too
300
300
300
100
400
500
500
400
400
100
400
400
400
300
200
300
300
100
300
200
73
77
76
76
73
72
77
76
75
70
70
77
76
77
74
71
77
77
73
77
77
76
77
77
76
77
73
75
76
74
75
71
76
75
76
76
71
72
75
76
77
77
75
77
77
75
77
73
76
77
74
77
76
71
74
77
72
77
77
77
73
73
77
77
73
73
71
75
70
76
72
75
71
75
76
76
77
77
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
76
76
73
76
77
74
74
76
72
72
77
73
77
4128
4134
4138
4163
4188
4189
4195
4223
4264
4268
4269
4317
4318
4321
4322
4324
4328
4337
4352
4368
4369
4394
4404
4430
4455
4487
4507
4531
4532
4547
4550
4556
4600
4607
4618
4638
4657
4353
4 130
4471
4503
4369
4652
4071
4350
4605
4117
4528
4033
4070
4106
4117
4172
4173
4254
4293
4338
4348
4411
4449
4467
4507
4515
4520
4528
454 '-i
4557
4560
4575
46 19
4245
4593
4190
4200
4541
4594
4599
4449
4000
4001
4003
4004
401 t
4076
4087
4092
4096
4116
4128
4141
4160
4174
4175
<-. J.77
4226
4226
4229
4265
4272
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
CAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DA 1RY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DA IRY-WASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DMRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTEHATER
DE&R I S-bASINS
DEBRIS-BASINS
DEBRIS-BASINS
DECOMPOSITION
DECOMPOSITION
DEEP-PITS
DEEP-PITS
DEEP-PITS
DEEP-PIT-HOUSES
OEEP-PIT-HOUSES
DEHYDRATION
OEHYDRAT ION
OEHYDRAT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYORAT ION
OEHYOR AT ION
CEHYDPAT ION
OEHYORAT ION
OEHYDR AT ION
DEHYDRAT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYORAT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYDRAT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYORAT ION
DFHYORAT ION
DEHYDRAT ION
DEHYDRAT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYDR AT ION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYORAF ION-RATES
DEMAND
OENITBIFICATION
OENITR1FICATION
UENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
DENITRIFICATION
DENSITY
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
FLOH PROPERTIES Of DAIRY HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
COSTS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HAS
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS AMMONIUM AND MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMONIUM-F
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYHOROS-. DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-HAST
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL HASTE APPLICATIONS KEYHOROS; GROUNDWATER-POLLUTI ON LEACKIN
MISSOURIANS VIEH IDEAS ON GUTTER, LAGCON, AND FREESTALLS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES FREE-ST
EFFECTS OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SOLUBLES IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES REFEEDING
SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN DAIRY COW HASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SALMONELLA
CATTLE MANURE: I. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS. II. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MM, AND IN
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER WITH DAIRY GOH SUBSTRATE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WAST
HASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT CO
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-
WASTE HANDLING-HHICH MANURE MOVING SYSTEM FOR YOU KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEHE
THEREJ S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT LAGOONS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES DESIGN LAGO
DAIRY HASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYHORDS; DAIRY-WASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
FEED INTAKE AND MANURE SOLIDS FROM LACTATING HOLSTEIN COHS KEYWORDS: FEED-INTAKE DAIRY
UNDERGROUND SILOS FOR LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE SILOS LAND-APP
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPH1LIG AND THERHOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES DEPOSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES. I. NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS. II. MINERAL
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE HITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAG
LABORATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING E
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RATES OF DAIRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL HATER NITRATE LEVELS K
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COH HASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OAIRY-HA
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SHELLING SHEET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE OD
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT HERE VALUABLE-6ECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
DAIRY CATTLE HASTE MANAGEMENT-1 IS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF HATER QUALITY
AN ANSWER TO MANURE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SPRAY-IRRIGATI ON LAND-APPLICATION EQUIP
SIPHON A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES COLLECT ING-TANK DESIGN
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM SCRAPES MANURE-AND HORK-AHAY KEYHCRDS; DAIRY-HASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSIN
EUTROPHICATI ON POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYHORDS'- CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-WAS
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
INFLUENCES OF LAND SPREADING LIVESTOCK WASTES ON GROUNDHATER QUALITY KEYHOROS: GROUNDHA
EARTHWORM POPULATION OF A PASTURE SPPAY-1RRI GATED HITH DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT KEYHOROS: DA
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYWORDS'- DAIRY-HASTES RUNOFF SHITCH-B ACK-HA
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYHORDS' SLURRIES DAIRY-HASTES BACT
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-H
FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOH THEY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYWORDS: F
AWARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF AND CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF Rlj
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES DEPOSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
SUCCESSIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND INVERTEBRATA AND THEIR CONNECTIONS WITH BIOCHEMICAL P
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYHORDS1 L I QUI 0-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
DRYING CAGEO LAYER WASTE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES PCULTRY-HASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION M
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON CF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FUR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
HANDLING MANURE IN THt DEEP-PIT OR HIGH RISE CAGE LAYING HOUSE KEYHOROS: DEEP-PIT-HOUSE
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION DEEP-PIT-HOUSES STERILIZATI
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES OEHYOR
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYHCPDS1 REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED HASTE-COMPO
HANDLING AND DISPOSING CF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
HANDLING MANURE IN THt DEEP-PIT OR HIGH RISE CAGE LAYING HOUSE KEYHORDS: DEEP-PIT-HOUSE
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS'. LAND-DISPOSAL 8LCOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
A POLLUTION SOLUTION HITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWCRDS DEHYDRATION PUULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED RE
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH CF DRYING TIME ON SURVIVAL OF MICROURGAN1SMS IN
FEEDLOT WASTE WORKS IN GROHING RATION TEST KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DEHYDRATION ENSILING
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FCR CHANNEL CATFISH KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
WAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FCR BRCILERS BROODED AT HIGH OENSIT
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TCTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYHCRDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE OD
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-HASTES HEATING RECY
PROFITS FROM MANURE-HURKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES LANO-
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION DEEP-PIT-HOUSES STERILIZATI
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UMTS KEYHORDS: SWINE-WASTES HASTE-STO
WHAT TO DO WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUT
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYORA
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF A POULTRY MANURE OEHYCWATING MACHINE KEYHORDS: DEHYDRATION PO
SIMULATION OF [N-HCUSE DRYING OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYHORDS' POULTRY-WASTES DEHYORATION-R
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYHORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROIJNOHATER FROM LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUT I ON LI
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS: NUTRIENT-CONTROL LANO-APPL ICATI
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT UF POULTRY HASTES K
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KFYWOROS: SHINE-HSSTES HAS
OENITRIFICATI ON OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTE
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
THE ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: SYSTEMS-ANALYS
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS', DESIG
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINc-WASTES
CONVERSION OF CATTLE MANURE INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES BYPRODUCTS PYR
PERFORMANCE OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IK NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS' MATHEHATIC
IRRIGATION ONE HAY TO HANDLE LAGOON WASTES KFYVJORDS'. IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS LIQUID-HASTES
ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SLURRY INJECTORS KEYWORDS: DESIGN SOIL-1NJECTI ON EQUIPM
CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF WASTEWATFP STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
EPA HILL USE KSU MODEL AS WASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS: WATER-QUALITY-INDEX COMP
FLUSHING GUTTERS FCR HOG BUILDINGS KEYWORDS SHINE-WASTES FLUSHING LAGOONS DESIGN
FLOH PROPERTIES OF DAIRY HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYHOROS: HOUSING SLATTEO-FLOORS
KSU TRIES PLASTIC SLATS AND HALLS IN PIG NUPSERY KEYWORDS: SWINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN SLAT
OPEN COMPOUNDS FOR SHORT TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE ECONOMICS DESIGN C
METHANE GENERATION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTERS METHANE DESIGN
METHANE PRODUCTION THROUGH B1OCONVERSI Oh OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURA
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FCR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FCR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS! WASTE-MANAGEMENT
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOP SHEEP KEYWORDS: SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
DESIGN OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'- ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-A SPEC TS D
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK HASfE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEYHOROS: WASTE-MA
29
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200 77 4275
200 77 4280
200 71 4298
400 77 4302
400 72 4303
200 71 4324
700 73 4331
400 72 4336
700 74 4345
100 77 4368
200 77 4373
200 70 4384
300 72 4393
200 76 4433
300 77 4454
300 73 4472
100 77 4487
700 74 4502
400 77 4527
400 75 4550
700 73 4555
400 71 4565
400 71 4566
400 70 4567
400 77 4572
500 74 4596
300 77 4597
400 77 4611
200 76 4613
200 76 4615
200 76 4617
200 75 4620
500 73 4623
300 77 4655
300 77 4659
300 73 4265
700 76 4458
300 77 4655
700 70 4269
100 77 4368
200 70 4384
100 75 4135
100 77 4391
200 75 4641
100 77 4018
100 75 4022
100 76 4124
100 77 4362
100 77 4391
600 4407
400 77 4473
100 72 4475
100 76 4534
100 76 4631
300 74 4106
400 77 4231
400 72 4303
100 77 4368
300 74 4453
300 77 4454
300 73 4472
400 71 4566
400 70 4567
300 77 4597
100 4658
400 71 4565
400 77 4611
500 73 4623
100 76 4020
100 76 4101
100 77 4145
100 77 4148
100 76 4234
100 76 4236
100 75 4329
300 77 4379
100 77 4421
400 73 4488
100 76 4497
400 72 4336
400 77 4581
100 77 4363
300 76 4097
700 72 4271
100 77 4291
100 77 4291
100 72 4154
200 76 4053
400 77 4056
100 71 4122
200 74 4535
100 71 4657
400 77 4448
200 74 4667
100 74 4376
300 75 4434
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
300 76 4595
100 77 4636
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
OESIGN
CETENTION-BASINS
DETENTION-TIMES
DETENTION-TIMES
DETENTION-TIME
DETENTION-TIME
DETENTION-TIME
OICHLORVOS
DIETARY-BUFFERS
01ETHYLSTILBESTROL
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
blETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
OIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTION
DIGESTIVE-AIDS
DILUTIONS-TO-THRES
DILUTION
DILUTION-RATE
DIMETHYL-DISULFIOE
DIMETHYL-SULFIDE
DISEASES
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE
DISEASE-ORGANISMS
DISEASE-ORGANISMS
DISSOLVEO-OXYGEN
OISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVEO-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DISSOLVED-OXYGEN
FARMERS AS CLIENTS KEYWORDS.' DESIGN HASTE-MANAGEMENT SETTLING-BASINS LAGOONS
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FOR THE DESIGN OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAG
TOWARD THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
DIVERSIFY — BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
METHANE POWER THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES DIGESTE
OESIGN PROCEDURES FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT LAGOONS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES OESIGN LAGO
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS'. OXIDATION FLU ID IZED-BED-REACTOP, RECYCLING 0
BUILDING A BID-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS: BIO-GAS-PLANTS DESIGN LIQUID-WASTES AGITATION HEATIN
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DES
WILLE COMPOST TANK — A OESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS'. SOLID-WASTES
BIO-GAS PLANT — DESIGNS WITH SPECIFICATIONS KEYWORDS: B I OGAS-PL ANTS ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COW WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OAIRY-WA
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS — EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
SIPHON A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES COLLECTING-TANK DESIGN
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS OESIG
THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING ANIMAL-WASTES METHANE METHAN
GOBAR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS: METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-WAS
HOW TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
IRRIGATING WITH WASTEWATER KEYWORDS: WASTEWATER LAND-APPLICATION EOU IPMENT- I RR I GATI ON
BIO-GAS PLANT GENERATING METHANE FROM ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: METHANE B IOGAS-PLANTS AN
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS' ANAEROBI
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CCNF1NEMENT UNIT WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-TREA
AN INJECTOR-TANKER DESIGN TO APPLY LIQUID MANURE BETWEEN CORN CROP ROWS KEYWORDS: LIQOI
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE INJECTORS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SO I L- INJECTORS EQ
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SWINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES
FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF AGRICUL TURAL-
A HOMESITE POWER UNIT — METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES WASTE-TR
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN A8E
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
DESIGN OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS 0
THE SYMBIOTIC GROWTH OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA ON SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT B
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER WITH DAIRY COW SUBSTRATE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WAST
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGQCNS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC OESIGN
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS INTESTINAL-
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS; REFEEDING LIVE
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LICUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY METABOLISM OF STEERS FED A CONCENTRATE OR ROUGHAGE DIET IN CONVE
EFFECT OF DIETARY OX YTETRAC YC L I NE ON MICROORGANISMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYWORDS: DIETS OXV
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC AC I C LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS' DIETS INTESTINAL-
EFFECT OF CORN STOVER SILAGE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH NITROGEN FROM POULTRY EXCRETA ON 0
FEEDING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING ENSILING POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROWTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NCN-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
URINARY ALLANTOIN EXCRETION AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-MATTER INTAKE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO KEYW
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-WASTE
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
ON METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS ECONOMICS
METHANE POWER THE PLOW80Y INTERVIEW KEYWORDS; RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES DIGESTE
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: SOLID-WASTES
BIO-GAS PLANT — DESIGNS WITH SPECIFICATIONS KEYWORDS: B IOGAS-PLANTS ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
G08AR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS: METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-WAS
HOh TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION CF 4NIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS! ANAEROB!
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES FACTORY-
THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ANIMAL-WASTES METHANE METHAN
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-TREA
A HOMESITE POWER UNIT — METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS: ANAER08IC DIGESTER SLURRIES WASTE-TR
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SCY8EAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWO
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATT
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED WASTELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED WAST
DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT FOR REEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTE S-DR I ED REFE
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS: POULTRY- WAST ES-DR 1 ED REFEEOIN
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE IN RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS'. PAUNCH-MANURE REFEEDING SHEEP C
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE WASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF INCLUDING ENSILED BROILER-HOUSE LITTER IN THE RATIONS OF SHEEP ON THE OIGESTI
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY- WASTES-DR I ED CATTLE S
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' POULTRY- WASTE S REFEEDING OIGESTI
BUILDING A BIO-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS: BIO-GAS-PLANTS OESIGN LIQUID-WASTES AGITATION HEATIN
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORIZERS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL CHEM 1C AL- TREATMENT MASKI
ODOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. ODOR FEEOLOTS CATTLE D ILUT ION S-TO-THRESHO
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS'- SWINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AERA
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS'. APPLICATION TO POULTR
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO POULTR
ISOLATION OF ERYS I PELOTHR I X RHUS I OP ATH I «E FROM SOIL AND MANURE CF SWINE-RAISING PREMISE
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WA
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MCKEY KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF USED LITTER ON SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TRANSMISSION IN THE CHICKEN
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-WASTES FEED
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYWORDS: SLURRIES DAIRY-WASTES BACT
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LANQ-APPUCA
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-MAN
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL PEFtEDING FlSH PONDS CATTLE-
MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKF KEYWORDS! WA TER- POLLUT I ON
KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
Tt S WAS
PARISON
PH-CONTROLLED AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN- CCNTROLLED NUTRIENT ADDITION FOR TH
MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA L - OLL
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH-STAGE 1 KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREA
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DI TCH--STAGE 2 KEYWORDS. SHI NE-W AST
CONTROLLED ADDITION OF ANIMAL WASTE TC AEROBIC BICLCGICAL TREATMENT PLANTS A COMP
CONTROLLED
A COMPARISON
30
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 77 4659
100 4658
400 77 4294
400 77 4495
100 77 4628
200 72 4338
100 77 4148
700 75 4544
100 75 4564
400 76 4319
400 77 4103
100 74 4108
400 77 4644
100 74 4191
100 74 4376
100 76 4631
300 77 4301
100 73 4396
100 75 4648
400 77 4552
400 77 4056
100 75 4102
100 75 4162
200 76 4360
300 75 4570
200 76 4616
400 77 4438
300 77 4461
400 77 4664
400 77 4443
100 74 4344
400 77 4436
400 77 4522
100 77 4653
100 76 4638
400 71 4370
200 71 429B
100 72 4008
400 77 4014
100 77 4019
400 77 4021
300 76 4028
300 75 4029
300 76 4030
400 77 4031
400 77 4040
100 77 4042
400 74 4051
400 76 4055
400 77 4056
200 77 4057
200 77 4058
200 77 4059
200 77 4060
300 76 4068
400 77 4070
200 74 4072
400 77 4076
500 76 4078
500 77 4091
100 75 4095
300 74 4106
400 74 4110
400 77 4113
100 46 4115
400 77 4119
400 77 4123
300 77 4134
100 76 4138
400 77 4143
400 77 4153
400 77 4158
400 77 4159
400 74 4174
200 76 4182
200 76 4186
300 73 4188
400 77 4195
500 75 4196
500 75 4199
400 77 4202
300 76 4207
100 76 4222
200 76 4230
400 77 4231
400 77 4239
200 74 4243
400 77 4253
400 77 4257
300 77 4262
400 77 4263
300 74 4297
400 76 4299
400 77 4300
400 77 4302
400 72 4303
400 70 4311
300 76 4312
400 75 4313
400 77 4317
OISSOLVED-OXYGEN
DOMESTIC-HASTES
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
ORIED-PAUNCH-HANUR
DRIED-HASTES
DRIED-WASTES
OR INK ING-HATER
DRUGS
DRUG-RESIDUES
DRUG-RESIDUES
DRY ING
DRYING-TINE
DRY-MATTER
DRY-MATTER
ORY-MATTER-DIGESTI
DUCK-HASTES
DUNG-BEETLES
DURABILITY
DLST
OUST
OUST
DUST
OUST
DUST
ObST-CONTROL
DUST-CONTROL
CUST-CONTROL
EARTHEN-PI T
EARTHHORHS
EARTHWORMS
EARTHWORMS
EARTHWORMS
EARTHWORM- POPULAT
ECOLITE
ECOLOGY
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECCNOM ICS
ECONOM ICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOM ICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS'. AEROBIC-TREATMENT
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS: FARM-HASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES FACTORY-
FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL RELIES ON DRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL FEED
PREPARE FOR HINTER KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-MANAGENENT MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-HA
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYHORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FCR CHANNEL CATFISH KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED HASTELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED HAST
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SHINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYWOROS: SHINE DRINKING-HATER
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FCR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER HAST
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYHCRCS: DAIRY-HASTES RUNOFF SHITCH-BACK-HA
LOSSES FROM CATTLE FAECES DURING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS: SAMPLING-TECHNIQUES CHEMIC
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYHORDS: ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY HASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYHORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIOUID-HASTE
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
HINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: HASTE-STORAGE
THE AGRONOMIC RCLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: PASTURES MAN
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SHINE OPERATION KEYWORDS: SWINE CCNFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYHORDS: ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
DIURNAL AND ANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS OF AERIAL BACTERIAL AND DUST LEVELS IN ENCLOSED SHINE H
RELATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF AERIAL BACTERIA AND DUST IN SWINE HOUSES KEYWORDS
LAND USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTES NITROGEN HASTE-COMPO
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION* USA KEYHOROS' LAND-APPLIC
EFFECTS OF POULTRY DUST ON PERFORMANCE OF A THERMOS1PHON HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM KEYWORDS
HOG HOUSE OUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
HASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLO
NEH RECYCLING TRIAL SHChS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYHOROS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
NEW WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. WASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: AN I NAL-WA STE S SUBSTRATES P
THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHWORMS
ON STRAW AND COLO, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING HASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
AN EXPERIMENT ON DUNG REMOVAL HY APHODIUS LARVAE SCARABAEIDAE AND EARTHHORMS KEYHORDS
EARTHWORM POPULATION OF A PASTURE SPRAY-IRRI GAT ED WITH DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT KEYHORDS: DA
FEEDLOT MANURE;THE ECOLOGY INSPIRED BUILDING MATERIAL KEYHOROS: RECYCLING ECOLITE BUILD
TOWARD THE OESICN AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYHORDS'. DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FCR CRCHINC AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYHORDS: REFEE01NG ECON
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SH
ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM WASTE SMALL KEYWORDS. ENERGY FEEOLOTS LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE CF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES LIOUID-WASTES BIOL
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME I — A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME II — AN OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FOR EACH STEER FED KEYWORDS' RECYCLI
SACK TO BASICS~-175-BUSHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND WASTES KEYWORDS' LAND-APPL1C AT I ON SHIN
HOG MANURE WORTH H3 50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LICUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES LAND-
MANURE KEYWORDS COMPOSTING RECYCLING FUELS ECCNCMICS CATTLE-WASTES ORGAN 1C-WASTES
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-WASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS. REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
REFEEDING POTENTIALS FACTS AND FANTASIES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING ECONOMICS WASTE-COMPOSITI
USE OF WASTE FROM CPEN FEEOLOTS FOR FATTENING, GROWING AND MAINTENANCE RATIONS KEYWORD
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FRCM CONFINEMENT CPERATIONS FGR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATICN SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED WASTE-COMPO
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
IRRIGATION: ONE WAY TO HANDLE LAGOON WASTES KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS LIQUID-HASTES
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS'. COMPUTER-MODELS WASTE-
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT HA
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS'. MATHEMAT
HANDLING AND DISPOSING CF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD, CR JUST MOVE 60SSY CVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYWORDS: RECYCL
MANURE STORAGE AREAS HELP SAVE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS. WASTE-STORAGE PUMPS NUTRIENTS ECONOM
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS, METHANE ORGAN 1C-WASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES RECYC
HARNESSING ENEKGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEDLCT KEYWORDS: ENERGY FEEOLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
COMPOSTING MAKES MANURE HANDLING EASY KEYWORDS: CCMPOSTING CATTLE-WASTES WINDROWS AERAT
COSTS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WAS
RESPONSE OF DilRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHCICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
MORE INTEREST EVIDENT IN POULTRY LITTER AS LESS COSTLY, MORE AVAILABLE FERTILIZER KEYWO
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAEROBIC-DI
INTEREST IN DPW APPEARS TU HAVE SUBSIDED KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED RECYCLING REFEE
OPEN COMPOUNDS FOR SHORT TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE ECONOMICS DESIGN C
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NCNPCINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-POLLUTION WATER-POL
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIOUIO-WAST
MISSOURIANS VIEW IDEAS CN GUTTER, LAGCON, AND FREESTALLS KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES FREE-ST
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. WATER-POL
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REDUCING PHOSPHORUS LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS
175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD WITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES S
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WAS
UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING BIOGAS CATTLE-WAST
THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHOD OF ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS; ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-TRE
ON METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS ECONOMICS
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEECING MANURE KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES EN
FEEDLOT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
CATTLE FEEDING GAINS REPORTED GOOD ON MISSISSIPPI COMPANY'S POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POU
IOWA FARMERS FEED CRIED POULTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-W AST ES-OR 1 ED REFEEOIN
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS1 RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
HANDLE WASTE CHEAPLY WITH PARTIAL SLATS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES FLOORS FLUSHING WASTE-MA
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS' FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
ENERGY AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES FEE
RE-CYCLING IS NO CURE-ALL KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING F E ECLCT-W AS TE S CATTLE PERFORMANCE ECONOM1
DIVERSIFY—BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
METHANE POWER'. THE PLOWBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-HASTES OIGESTE
IMAGINE YOUR FEEDLOT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POWE
FEEOLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYHORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
OPW VALUE AS ANIMAL FEEO SEEN REACHING 100 A TON KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DR
WASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS; DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATHE NT CO
31
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 76 4319
400 77 4320
400 74 4322
300 77 4334
400 77 4342
200 74 4347
100 77 4350
400 73 4352
400 77 4382
400 72 4383
300 72 4393
200 76 4403
100 71 4405
100 72 4409
400 77 4410
400 77 4411
200 74 44L5
400 77 4428
300 76 4435
400 77 4436
400 77 4438
400 77 4439
400 77 4440
300 75 4444
700 74 4447
300 77 4461
400 77 4473
300 75 4474
400 77 4479
400 77 4485
400 77 4498
400 77 4504
300 75 4505
200 74 4506
400 73 4507
300 77 4509
400 74 4511
400 77 4518
400 77 4519
400 77 4522
400 77 4526
400 77 4529
400 77 4530
400 77 4538
700 76 4545
400 74 4547
400 76 4548
400 73 4549
400 77 4552
200 75 4558
100 74 4559
100 75 4560
400 77 4563
400 71 4565
400 70 4568
400 77 4571
400 76 4576
300 75 45B6
500 74 4596
200 75 4605
100 75 4607
400 77 4611
200 76 4617
200 76 4619
100 76 4624
200 76 4651
200 77 4663
400 77 4664
400 77 4665
400 77 4485
100 74 4015
200 76 4261
200 75 4401
100 71 4405
400 74 4511
400 76 4548
400 73 4549
100 77 4599
100 76 4602
100 76 4656
100 77 4041
400 77 4070
100 76 4289
200 72 4400
500 77 4089
100 75 4589
100 76 4627
100 76 4634
400 70 4568
300 77 4597
300 76 4312
300 75 4492
100 76 4416
400 77 4021
500 76 4078
400 77 4119
200 76 4172
200 74 4243
400 77 4296
?00 77 «334
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOM ICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOM ICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOM ICS
ECCNOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
EFFICIENCY
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EGG-QUALITY
EGG-QUALITY
EGG-CUALITY
EGG-QUALITY
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRODE-POTENTIA
ELEVATING-SCRAPER
ELEVATING-SCRAPER
EL I WINAT I VE-AREAS
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
SEMI-CONFINEMENT AT 1/3 THE COST KEYWORDS: SEMI-CCNFINEMENT CATTLE ECONOMICS HEATHER HA
THERE'S HONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. RECYCLIN
C.P. S. T A -N OR WHY POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU HONEY KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES PO
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY CF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SH
DRYING CAGED LAYER WASTE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-WASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION H
UNDERGROUND SILOS FCR LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE SILOS LAND-APP
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WASTEWATER-RENOVA
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL WASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS: WASTE-MAN
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOTS DES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LANO APPLICATION SY
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-0
THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
POULTRY WASTE—NITROGEN FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS' REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
WAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIHAL ENVIRONMENT STUDY IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW HASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-D1S
THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHWORMS
HOG HOUSE DUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SO IL-1NJECTI ON C
INJECTING MANURE PAYS WITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES LAND-APP
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTCCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HA
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
FEEDING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS. REFEEDING ENSILING POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND tCONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS FEEOLOTS HOUSING OPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
PEN CLEANING ISN'T CHEAP KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES CLEANING EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS MANAGEM
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE HASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CAITLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE--PRESENT STATUS AND TRENDS KEYWORDS: PRODUCTION SWINE PO
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE 00
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE: NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CON SUMPT
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYRCLYSIS HYDRO
MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-WASTES SWINE-WASTES LAND-APPLICA
METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURE KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-TREA
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
WHAT'S HOUSING REALLY WCRTH KEYWORD'S'. CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
BACTERIA POWER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN ICWA KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES RECYCLING
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEW PORK PRCDUCTICN UNIT ELIMINATES HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS' SWINE-
EVALUATION Of A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
AN ANSWER TO MANURE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS'. S PRAY-I RR I GAT ION L AND-A.PPLI CAT I ON EQUIP
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HASTES EFFL
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STO
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SWINE OPERAI10N KEYWORDS; SWINE CCNFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS: HORSE-WASTES RACE-TRACKS WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND-- PART 1 KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUT
COWTOWNJS MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CATTLE-WASTES FEEDL
THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-PCWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS: RECYCLING AN IMAL-WASTES METHANE METHAN
NOW ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS: ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWINE-WASTES G
A PLACE FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT—OPTIONS FOR CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSI
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATION 8IOLOGICAL-TR
BIO-GAS PLANT GENERATING METHANE FROM ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: METHANE BIOGAS-PLANTS AN
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SWINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT WASTE KEYWORDS. SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES HASTE-TREA
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SWINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS; SWINE-WASTES
ENGINEERING EVALUATION CF A POULTRY MANURE DEHYCRATING MACHINE KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION PO
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION HATER
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE L
DECISION TOOLS FOR DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS SELECTION KEYWORDS'. COMPUTER-MODELS 0
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HO EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CATTLE-HASTES COMPOST
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FERMENTATION REC
PEN CLEANING ISN'T CHEAP KEYWORDS' FEEOLOT-HASTES CLEANING EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS MANAGEM
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS.' LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DAIRY-HASTES KRAFT-PULPI
OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS' OVEPLAND-FLOW-TREATMENT SHIN
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS' SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS- SWINE-WASTES EFFL
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES WASTE-STO
DENITRIFICATION OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS: SHINE-llASTES LIQUID-WASTE
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEHATEP USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CCNTACTOR KEYHORDS
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY HASTES KEYWORDS' SWINE-HASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
THE LAYING PERFORMANCE CF TWO STRAINS OF HENS OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED POULTRY MA
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED WASTE-COMPO
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN -BROILER BREEDER HE
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
SOIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS
NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNOHATEH FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PU
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAHOUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-HASTES SAW
NOW E'LECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS' ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWINE-WASTES G
ENERGY RECOVERY ON THE FARM BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS' ANAEROBI
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS'. WAST E-CCLLECT 1 ON FEEDLOTS T I ME-MOT 1 ON-ST
COMPARISON OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION MACHINERY KEYWORDS' WASTE-COLLECTION ELEVATING-
A STUDY ON EL1MINATIVE AND GRAZING BEHAVIOUR—THE USE OF THE FIELD BY CAPTIVE HORSES KE
ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM WASTE SMALL KEYWORDS; ENERGY FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL HASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS HASTE-
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS', ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL BLOOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
FEEDLOT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS: ENERGY RECYCLING 31OMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
32
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4530
200 75 4558
400 70 4568
300 76 4312
300 77 4509
400 77 4529
300 77 4509
300 73 4265
100 77 4048
200 77 4060
200 77 4062
100 77 4146
100 76 4201
100 77 4208
400 77 4239
400 77 4258
400 77 4293
300 77 4301
200 77 4335
300 76 4355
100 74 4374
400 77 4380
100 76 4389
600 4407
100 77 4418
100 77 4421
200 77 4422
200 71 4457
400 77 4473
400 77 4522
400 77 4571
100 75 4577
400 77 4643
200 74 4052
300 77 4262
400 77 4340
2UO 76 4034
500 77 4079
200 74 4347
400 77 4581
200 76 4617
300 77 4430
200 76 4619
400 74 4547
400 77 4572
400 77 4442
400 77 4167
200 71 4583
200 76 4614
500 77 4087
200 76 4613
200 76 4615
200 76 4617
400 77 4111
400 77 4321
100 76 4024
300 75 4029
300 76 4030
200 76 4182
100 76 4267
100 75 4395
100 75 4645
100 72 4154
100 76 4523
100 77 4291
200 75 4641
400 74 4511
100 74 4193
200 77 4373
200 77 4062
400 77 4296
100 76 4600
400 77 4149
700 76 4466
100 73 4621
400 77 4153
500 77 4093
100 4658
400 77 4411
100 76 4588
300 77 4463
200 70 4384
100 4658
100 71 4002
100 74 4023
700 71 4139
100 76 4211
300 76 4355
200 75 4401
400 77 4536
400 77 4021
400 75 4043
100 77 4048
200 77 4057
200 77 4059
500 77 4080
400 76 4096
400 72 4114
400 77 4119
100 75 4135
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY-CONSUMPTION
ENERGY-CONSUMPTION
ENERGY-CONSUMPTION
ENERGY-SOURCES
ENGINEERING-STANOA
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRCNMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACT
ENVIRONMENTAL- I MPA
ENZYMES
ENZYMES
ECU IPMENT-AG I TAT IN
EOUIPMENT-COMPOSTI
ECUIPMENT-OEFYDRAT
EQUIPMENT- IRR IGATI
ECUIPKENT-IRRIGATI
EOUIPMENT-MANURE-L
ECUIPMENT-MANUKE-R
ECUIPMENT-CDCR-MEA
ECU IPMENT-PUMP ING
ECUIPMENT-S01L-INJ
ECUIPMENT-SOIL-INJ
EOUIPMENT-SOIL-INJ
EQUIPMENT- SPRINKLE
ECJUIPMENT-WASTE-SP
ECUIPMENT-HASTE-TR
EROSICN
EROSICN
ERDSICN
EROSICN
EROSICN
EROSICN
EROSICN
ERYSIPELOThRIX-RHU
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
ESTERS
ESTROGENS
ETHANE
ETHYLENE
ETHYLENE
ETHYLENE-OXIDE-FUM
EUPHORIA-TIRUCALLI
EUTROPHICATION
EXPLOSIONS
EXPRESSION
EXTRACTION
EXTRUSION
E-COLI
FACTORY-HASTES
FANS
FARMYARD-HASTES
FARM-PONDS
FARM-WASTES
FARM-HASTES
FASCIOLA-HEPATICA-
FECAL
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FEEDING
FEEOLCTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEOLCTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
BACTERIA POWER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN IOWA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS' HORSE-WASTES RACE-TRACKS WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
NOW ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYHORDS: ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SHINE-HASTES G
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS'. HASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIME-MOT1ON-ST
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE: NOW AND FCR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE: NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYHCRDS: AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
DESIGN OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-A SPECTS 0
MICROblAL POPULATION CHANGES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE MANURE-
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL HASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS'- REFEEDING PATHOGE
COMPOSITION OF CORN PLANT ENSILED WITH EXCRETA OR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT
INCLUSION OF LIVESTOCK FECES INTO CORN SILAGE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-HASTES
FERMENTATION, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER EN
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEDING MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES EN
RECYCLING SOLVES WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS'. REFEECING ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES P
FEEDLOT WASTE HORKS IN GROWING RATION TEST KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DEHYDRATION ENSILING
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BRCILER LITTER KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLCHER HULLS WITH PCULTRY LITTER AND SUNFLOWER HULL
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SWINE FECAL HASTE WITH GROUND ORCHARDGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE WASTE FCR CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES WASTELAG
WINTERING BROOD COWS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER: RESEARCHER KEYWORDS' REFEEDING PO
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE KEYWORDS ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING CATT
EFFECT OF CORN STOVER SILAGE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH NITROGEN FROM POULTRY EXCRETA ON 0
LAMB PERFORMANCE ON CAGE HEN MANURE ENSILED WITH CORRUGATED CARDBOARD KEYWORDS: REFEEDI
EFFECT OF INCLUDING ENSILED BROILER-HCUSE LITTER IN THE RATIONS CF SHEEP ON THE DIGESTI
KICROFLORA OF ENSILED MANURE-BLENDED FEED, CORN AND SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS: ENSILING
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CUALITY KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURE FEEOLOTS HATER-POLLUT
FEEDING POULTRY LITTER KEYHOROS. REFEEOING ENSILING POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING HASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
A PLACE FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYHORDS: REFEEOING PCULTRY-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
MICKOFLORA OF NEHLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES A
ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES CATTLE FEED COSTS KEYHORDS POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REFE
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS' SLURRIES LAND-APPLICA
CAN CITY SEWAGE 6E RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
CAST REVIEWS USDA HASTE MANUAL KEYHCRDS' MANUALS LANC-APPLI CAT ICN GUIDELINES ENVIRONMEN
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TURKEYS KEYHORDS TURKEYS PERFORM
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SW
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORI7ERS KEYWORDS CCCR-CONTROL CHEMICAL-TREATMENT HASKI
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SHINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYHORDS. SHINE-HASTES
LABORATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING E
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF A PCULTRY MANURE DEHYDRATING MACHINE KEYWORDS' DEHYDRATION PO
AN ANSWER TO MANURE DISPOSAL PRCBLEMS KEYWORDS' SPRAY-IRRI GAT I ON LAND-APPLICAT1 ON EQUIP
IRRIGATING WITH HASTEWATER KEYHORDS WASTEHATER LAND-APPL I CAT I ON EQUIPHENT-IRRI GAT I ON
MANURE LOADERS NEED CARE AND MAINTENANCE KEYWORDS ECU 1 PMENT-MANURE-LCADERS MAINTENANCE
MINI LOADERS PROVIDE FAST MANURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS HASTE-REMOVAL ECU IPMENT-MANURE-REMOV
ANALYTICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC MEASUREMENT CF ODOURS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS. ODOR SAM
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FCR HANDLING SEMI-SCLID CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: PUM
ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SLURRY INJECTORS KEYWORDS' DESIGN SO IL-1NJECTI ON EQUIPM
AN INJECTOR-TANKER DESIGN TO APPLY LICUID MANURE BETWEEN CORN CROP ROWS KEYWORDS: LIQUl
ENGINEERING DESIGN CF LICUID MANURE INJECTORS KEYWORDS: LIOUID-HASTES SO IL-INJECTORS EQ
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SWINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE TIPS TO GET MOST FROM MANURE SPREADER KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-H
HASTE HANDLING-WHICH MANURE MOVING SYSTEM FOR YOU KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEME
THE EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ON RUNOFF, EROSION AND NITRATE LOSSES KEYWORDS: LAND
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND' VOLUME [--A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND: VOLUME II—AN OVERVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NCNPOINT PCLLUTION KEYWORDS'. NONPC IN T-POLLUT I ON WATER-POL
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF MANURE SPREAD EN FROZEN GRCUNC KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LAND-AP
A MODEL FOR RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS' MODEL-STUD IES A
WATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. HATER-POLLUTION NONPOIN T-SOURCES PUBLIC
ISOLATION OF ERYSIPELOTHRI X RHUSI OPATH I AE FROM SOIL AND MANURE OF SWINE-RAISING PREMISE
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCCBACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO POULTR
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYHORDS: REFEEDING LIVE
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYRCLYSIS HYDRO
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WA
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEUING KEYWORDS' REFEEDING PATHOGE
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS. ENERGY RECYCLING BIOMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYWORDS' CAITLE-WASTES DAIRY-HAS
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWCRDS: SWINE CONF]NEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
DEWATER1NG A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWCRCS' SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION Of AOENOSINETRIPHUSPHATE (ATP) FROM COW SLURRY
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS'. PCUL TRY-WAST ES CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
HASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT K
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS, FARM-HASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES FACTORY-
WAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE [N PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
WATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWCRDS. FARM-PCNCS WATER-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
STATE OF THE ART ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS' FARM-HASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES FACTORY-
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INTO THE EFFECT OF CATTLE MANURE ON FASCIOLA HEf'ATICA EGGS KEYHORD
EVALUATION OF PORCELAIN CUP SOIL WATER SAMPLERS FCR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KEYHORDS
VARIATION IN THE DENSITY CF POLLUTION INDICATOR BACTERIA [N THE COTTL'NHOOD RIVER AS REL
FEEDLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SHINE FECAL WASTE WITH GROUND CRCHAROGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
FARM PROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS WORK WITH CCNFINEMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PEN
ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM WASTE SMALL KEYWORDS'. ENERGY FEEDLOTS L I VE S TOCK-WA STE S RECYCLING
ANIMAL WASTES MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WATER-POLLUTION LE
H1CROBIAL POPULATION CHANGES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE MANURE-
SEMINAR ON FEEOLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS', REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
USE OF HASTE FROM OPEN FEEDLOTS FOR FATTENING, GROWING AND MAINTENANCE RATIONS KEYWORD
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
EPA WILL USE KSU MODEL AS WASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TUOL KEYWORDS' WATER-OUALITY-INDEX COMP
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IS NOT AN EXPENSIVE ITEM LINDER KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS'. ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
33
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 76 4141 FEEDLOTS HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS: HOUSING SLATTEO-FLOORS
400 77 4165 FEEDLOTS RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MERTEN' S KEYWORDS'. FEEOLCTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
100 76 4213 FEEDLOTS SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATI
300 74 4217 FEEDLOTS SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS [N GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-PCLLUTION SOIL-CONTAHINAT
100 76 4222 FEEOLOTS UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS CATTLE-WAST
300 75 4242 FEEDLOTS FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEOLOT RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS.KE
400 77 4270 FEEDLOTS COMBAT CATTLE FLIES WITH THESE WEAPONS KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL PASTURES FEEDLOTS FEED-ADD
200 77 4276 FEEOLOTS FEDERAL LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEOLOTS PERMITS WATER-POLL
200 77 4278 FEEDLOTS CASE STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLOT OPERATIONS AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR PRIV
100 75 4286 FEEDLOTS RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF THOMPSON-HAYHARD 6040 IN BOVINE MANURE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ
400 77 4294 FEEDLOTS FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL RELIES ON DRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL FEED
400 77 4295 FEEDLCTS STATE ODOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
100 76 4308 FEEDLOTS SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF DIMETHYLNITROSAM INE IN CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS'. NITROSAMINES
300 73 4310 FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
300 76 4312 FEEDLOTS FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS'. WASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
300 76 4318 FEEOLOTS METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
400 76 4319 FEEOLOTS STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
400 74 4330 FEECLOTS WASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLL
100 77 4363 FEEDLOTS ODOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: ODOR FEEDLOTS CATTLE DILUTIONS-TO-THRESHO
400 77 4371 FEEOLOTS SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEDLOT FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEEDLOT
200 77 4373 FEEDLOTS AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WA
100 76 4375 FEEDLOTS THE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETRIELLIDIUM BOYDII SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTENTIA
300 72 4393 FEEDLOTS AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS DES
100 72 4409 FEEDLOTS THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
400 71 4413 FEEDLCTS PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS: F
200 74 4415 FEEOLOTS FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT STUDY IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS' CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
100 77 4424 FEEDLOTS ANALYZING NITRATES IN WELL HATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER BARNYARDS FEEDLOTS METH
300 77 4426 FEEDLOTS PROJECTS IN PROGRESS SOME FEEDLCT INS AND OUTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEOLOTS AGRIC
300 76 4435 FEEDLOTS OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-DIS
400 77 4436 FEEOLOTS THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYWORDS. RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHWORMS
300 75 4444 FEEDLCTS LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS. LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
200 71 4457 FEEDLOTS AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS WATER-POLLUT
300 77 4461 FEECLOTS WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'- WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLO
300 77 4462 FEEOLOTS THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEDLOT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE IN BOIS
300 77 4463 FEEDLCTS WATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWCROS1. FARM-PONDS WAT ER-CU AL ITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
100 77 4464 FEEDLOTS CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
400 76 4471 FEEDLOTS AWARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
400 77 4476 FEEDLCTS FEECLOT ODOR INTENSITY KEYWORDS: CDCR FEEDLOFS CATTLE SCENTOMETER-READINGS ODOR-CONTROL
400 76 4477 FEEDLOTS FEEDLOT PAYS PENALTY KEYWORDS: WATER-PCLLUTICN LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS IOWA-LAW POLLUTIO
400 77 4479 F6EOLOTS HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HOUSING OPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
400 76 4480 FEEDLOTS KEEP IT DRY KEYWORDS FEEULOTS ODOR-CONTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
400 77 4484 FEECLOTS CDOR COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS'. ODOR FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS TEXAS-LAW NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
400 77 4504 FEEDLOTS MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
200 74 4535 FEEDLOTS SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-HASTES FEED
400 77 4554 FEEDLOTS LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR
400 77 4563 FEEDLOTS COWTOWN S MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CATTLE-WASTES FEEDL
100 75 4589 FEEDLOTS PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS
100 76 4591 FEEDLOTS IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE: NONPOINT AND PCINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNO
300 -76 4612 FEECLOTS PART III-STATE PROGRAM ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT D
100 75 4642 FEEOLOTS INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INTENSITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCT!
400 77 4495 FEEDLCT-MANAGEMENT PREPARE FOR WINTER KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-MANAGEMENT MANLRE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLIO-WA
100 76 4017 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS: MATHEMATIC
400 72 4025 FFEDLOT-RUNOFF ENGINEER SOUNDS WARNING ON USE OF LAGCCN WASTE CN FIELD CROPS KEYWORDS1 LAND-APPLICAT10
100 76 4047 FEEOLOT-RUNOF FEEDLOT WASTE RUNOFF AND MORTALITY OF WINDBREAK TREES KEYWORDS FtEDLOT-RUNOFF TREE-MOR
300 76 4067 FEEOLOT-RUNOF MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON HASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
700 70 4069 FEEDLCT-RUNOF THE EFFECT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE COTTONWCUD RIVER, KANSAS KE
500 77 4092 FEEDLOT-RUNOF CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF WASTEWATER STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
300 76 4097 FEEDLOT-RUNOF DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAND-APPLI CAT ICN FEEOLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
300 75 4130 FEEDLOT-RUNOF FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THEY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYWORDS F
700 71 4139 FEEDLOT-RUNOF VARIATION IN THE DENSITY OF POLLUTION INDICATOR BACTERIA IN THE COTTONWOOD RIVER AS REL
400 72 4150 FEEOLOT-RUNOF POLLUTION RESEARCHERS FINDING MANY ANSWERS, EXPERT REPORTS KEYWORDS. LIVESTOCK-WASTES
400 72 4157 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF KANSAN APPLIES FEEOLOT RUN-OFF TO CORN FIELDS KEYWORDS FEEDLOT-RUNCFF LAND-APPLICATION
200 76 4186 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
500 75 4199 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REDUCING PHOSPHORUS LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS
400 77 4294 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL RELIES ON URY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL FEED
300 73 4310 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
400 74 4330 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HATER-POLL
300 74 4412 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
400 71 4413 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF PREVENTING POLLUTION HHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS: F
400 77 4428 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW WASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
300 75 4434 FEECLOT-RUNOFF MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
100 76 4456 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
400 76 4480 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF KEEP IT DRY KEYWORDS. FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEOLOT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
300 77 4503 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF AND CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS'- FEEOLOT-RUNOFF RU
400 77 4527 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS—EPA GRAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
700 76 4546 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF INFLUENCE OF SURFACES CN POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-SURFACES FEEDLOT-RUN
100 75 4585 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES P
100 75 4590 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
100 76 4591 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE: NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNO
100 76 4600 FEEOLOT-RUNOFF EUTROPH ICAT I ON POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYHORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WAS
100 76 4601 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYWORDS. WATERSHEDS HATER-POLLUT
200 75 4620 FEECLOT-RUNOFF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLO CLIMATES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
400 77 4664 FEEDLOT-RUNOFF NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HO EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
300 76 4067 FEEDLOT-SURFACES MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON HASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS. FEED
400 76 4141 FEEDLOT-SURFACES HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS HOUSING SLATTED-FLOORS
700 76 4546 FEEDLOT-SURFACES INFLUENCE OF SURFACES ON POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS FEEDLOT-SURFACES FEEDLOT-RUN
100 75 4137 FEEOLCT-WASTES CHANGES IN MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION CF FEEOLOT WASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
200 74 4243 FEEDLOT-HASTES FEEDLOT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS FEEOLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
200 73 4250 FEECLOT-HASTES SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYHOROS POULTRY-WASTE
400 77 4300 FEEOLOT-WASTES RE-CYCLING IS NO CURE-ALL KEYWORDS REFEEOING FEEOLOT-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMANCE ECONOMI
400 70 4311 FEEDLOT-HASTES IMAGINE YOUR FEEDLOT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POWE
700 73 4390 FEEDLOT-WASTES EFFECTS OF HEAVY FEEDLOT MANURE APPLICATION RATES ON THE BASIC INFILTRATION RATE OF SOI
300 76 4394 FEEDLOT-HASTES A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES. I NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS. II. MINERAL
400 77 4485 FEEDLOT-WASTES PEN CLEANING ISN'T CHEAP KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES CLEANING EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS MANAGEM
300 72 4501 FEEDLOT-HASTES SODIUM LEVELS IN BEEF CATTLE FINISHING RATIONS AS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRAT
400 77 4525 FEEOLOT-WASTES MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA FEEOLOT-HASTES CROP-RES
200 72 4574 FEEDLOT-WASTES EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT WASTES ON THE WATER RELATIONS OF PULLMAN CLAY LOAM KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT
100 75 4585 FEEDLOT-WASTES MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYWORDS'- FEEDLOT-WASTES P
400 77 4587 FEEDLOT-WASTES COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-WASTES P
200 72 4603 FEEDLOT-WASTES ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL WASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' LIOUID-WAST
34
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4158
100 72 4247
400 76 4299
400 77 4333
300 74 4'- 12
400 77 4441
100 75 4662
100 76 4044
200 77 4063
200 77 4064
100 76 4124
100 77 4147
400 72 4181
400 77 4204
400 77 4270
100 76 4298
100 76 4289
100 77 4290
100 73 4304
400 77 4307
400 76 4319
100 76 4351
100 72 4356
100 77 4362
100 77 4363
100 76 4377
100 76 4386
200 75 4542
200 72 4603
200 77 4354
200 74 4535
200 77 4337
100 76 4234
400 70 4311
300 77 4454
100 72 4475
400 77 4504
200 74 4072
100 75 4137
100 77 4244
400 77 4296
400 77 4314
300 76 4318
200 76 4367
400 77 4378
400 74 4511
300 76 4595
100 76 4634
700 72 4635
300 77 4655
400 77 4665
100 74 4562
400 77 4071
100 72 4006
300 75 4029
400 77 4040
100 77 4042
200 74 4072
300 75 4077
100 75 4095
400 74 4110
100 46 4115
100 73 4136
300 4142
400 77 4143
400 77 4153
400 77 4158
400 77 4159
100 73 4168
400 71 4173
400 77 4202
100 76 4237
200 74 4243
100 76 4246
400 77 4292
300 74 4297
100 76 4306
400 70 4311
400 75 4313
400 76 4316
300 76 4318
400 74 4322
300 77 4334
300 77 4341
400 77 4342
100 77 4372
400 77 4378
300 73 4392
100 76 4398
500 75 4408
400 77 4411
300 77 4423
LOO 76 4425
400 77 4436
400 77 4439
400 77 4448
100 76 4452
300 77 4454
100 69 4459
100 69 4460
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ACDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEEC-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ACDITIVES
FEED-CONSUMPTION
FEED-CONTAMINATION
FEED-INTAKE
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FERMENTAT ICN
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTAT ION
FERMENTAT ION
FERFENTATIOM
FERMENTAT ION
FERMENTATI CN
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTERS
FERTIGATION
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS.
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTIL IZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAEROBIC-DI
TOXIGENIC FUNGI FROM POULTRY FEED AND LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER FUNGI FEEDS TOXIN
ENERGY AND RESOURCE REOUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE PRCDUCTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEE
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS: AQUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-WASTE
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES L IVE S TOCK-WASTES STRAW
ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A COASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED WIH POULTRY MANURE KEYWOR
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS' REFEEDIKG FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
PROVISIONS OF STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS ON REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPE
EFFECT OF DIETARY OXYTETRACYCLINE UN MICROORGANISMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYWORDS' DIETS OXY
EFFECT UF ARSANILIC ACID IN SWINE DIETS ON FRESH HASTE PRODUCTION COMPOSITION AND ANAE
USCA RESEARCHER USES MANURE TO MAKE FEED AND UALLBOARO KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WALLBOARD RE
FEED-THROUGH LARVICIOE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYWORDS' FEED-ADDITIVES FLY-CONTROL LAR
COMBST CATTLE FLIES WITH THESE WEAPONS KEYWORDS. FLY-CONTROL PASTURES FEEDLOTS FEED-ADD
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES ANC MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYWORD
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
LONG-TERM STUDIES CF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A POLYCHLORINATED BIPH
TOXICITY OF SD 8447 AND DICHLCRVOS TO LARVAE OF THE HORN FLY HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS, DIPT
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS ON ANIMAL WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
INHIBITION OF LARVAL HORN FLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANURE OF BOVINES FED DIMILIN R MINER
ENCAPSULATED RABON FOR LARVAL HOUSE FLY CONTROL IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS: FLY-GONTROL FEE
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
ODOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS' ODOR FEEOLOTS CATTLE DILUTIONS-TO-THRESHO
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
DIETARY ARSENIC EFFECTS ON STORED SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS' FEED-ADDITIVES ARSANILIC-ACID S
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND WASTES KEYWORDS' ARS'ENICALS FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH
ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL WASTE FCR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTIUN KEYWORDS LIOUID-WAST
FEED FED, MILK PRODUCED, AND EXPECTED EXCRETA SOLIDS OF DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS' DAIRY-CATT
SURVIVAL CF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLDT HBSTE KEYWORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-WASTES FEED
FEED INTAKE AND MANURE SOLIDS FROM LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS KEYWORDS' FEED-INTAKE DAIRY
DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT FCR BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED REFE
IMAGINE YOUR FEEOLCT MANURE CAN POWCR YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POWE
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FCR AGRICULTURAL SCLID WASTES KEYWORDS- SOLID-WASTES
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROWTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
CHANGES IN MICROBIAL PCPULAT1CN DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEDLOT WASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES FERMENTATION
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS ENERGY RECYCLING BI DMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS' RECYCLING FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
140 DEGREES IS CRITICAL—METHANE FROM CATTLE WASTE FERMENTATION STARTS RAPIDLY, GONTINU
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS. LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
CONTROLLED ADDITION OF ANIMAL WASTE TO AEROBIC 8IOLCG1CAL TREATMENT PLANTS A COMPARISON
ANALYSIS Of THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SAW
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES CN FERMENTED- AMMCINIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES FERMENTATION REC
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-WASTES
GETTING MORE OUT OF LICUID MANURE KEYWORDS LIOUIU-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
PROCESSING SCLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CARD
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND' VOLUME I--A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
BACK TO BASICS — 175-BUSHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND WASTES KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION SWIN
HOG MANURE WORTH ^3 50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYWCRCS LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES LAND-
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT blOLOGI
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES CN A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS. MATHEMAT
NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD, OR JUST MOVE BOSSY OVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYWORDS' RECYCL
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS METHANE ORGAN 1C-WASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES RECYC
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITRCGEN FERTILIZERS CN SOWN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
SPREAD THE MUCK AROUND THE FARM KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATI ON NUTRIENTS F
MORE INTEREST EVIDENT IN POULTRY LITTER AS LESS CCSTLY, MORE AVAILABLE FERTILIZER KEYWO
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAEROBIC-DI
INTEREST IN OPW APPEARS TO HAVE SUBSIDED KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED RECYCLING REFEE
ORGANIC MANAGEMENT REDUCES LEACHING CF NITRATE KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION LEACHING NITR
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH dUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD WITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES S
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE WASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS LIUUID-WASTES CATTLE-WAST
FEEDLCT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS. FEEDLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
EFFECT CF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION CF FERTILIZER ANC MANURE NITROGEN K
ENRICHED POULTRY MANURE AS A BALANCED FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS R
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
IMAGINE YCUR FEEDLOT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POWE
DPW VALUE AS ANIMAL FEED SEEN REACHING 100 A TON KEYWORDS' REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DR
WHAT'S MANURE WORTH AS A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-PRODUCTION-RATE FE
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS' RECYCLING FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
THERE S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS CAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
LONG TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS WASTE-STORAGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATI ON TIME LABO
C*PiSiTiA»-N OR WHY POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU MONEY KEYWORDS' L I VE STOCK-WA STE S PO
A NEW CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FCR BROILER PRCDUCTION KEYWORDS- POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
140 DEGREES IS CRITICAL--METHANE FROM CATTLE WASTE FERMENTATION STARTS RAPIDLY, CONTINU
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYWOR
ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CATTLE LIQUID MANURE FROM L
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYWCRDS' GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
WAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS W
GROUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSCURI KEYWORDS GROUNOWATER-QUALITY
THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYWORDS' RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHWORMS
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CDRN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS LAND-APPL1C AT ION SO IL-INJECTI ON C
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS' SOLID-WASTES
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 1— THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIHAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, HINTE
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 73 4478
100 76 4481
100 77 4483
100 74 4489
100 75 4491
300 77 4509
400 77 4515
400 77 4517
400 77 4518
400 77 4529
400 77 4530
400 75 4531
400 76 4539
400 77 4553
100 74 4559
400 77 4563
400 77 4587
100 76 4586
400 77 4610
100 76 4627
200 75 4641
100 72 4649
300 77 4655
100 465B
100 74 4660
100 75 4662
100 73 4666
400 74 4511
400 77 4644
100 73 4396
700 76 4466
100 77 4633
100 75 4637
100 76 4235
300 74 4252
400 77 4333
200 72 4338
100 74 4376
100 76 4578
200 75 4401
300 76 4357
100 74 4376
300 75 4077
100 75 4205
100 75 4205
100 77 4369
100 74 4035
300 74 4106
100 76 4346
300 75 4570
200 76 4367
400 77 4382
100 77 4229
400 77 4486
400 77 4263
300 75 4505
400 77 4526
100 75 4645
100 73 4128
700 72 4271
100 77 4365
700 74 4502
300 75 4075
100 75 4287
700 73 4331
100 75 4585
100 72 4009
400 77 4031
400 76 4116
400 76 4132
300 77 4134
400 77 4151
300 76 4170
300 73 4188
400 77 4195
400 77 4219
400 77 4263
200 74 4347
400 T7 4402
400 77 4404
400 77 4538
700 76 4545
400 73 4549
100 76 4602
200 75 4605
300 75 4444
400 76 4005
100 75 4036
400 77 4117
100 75 4135
400 77 4151
400 77 4179
400 77 4204
300 72 4227
400 77 4239
400 77 4270
100 75 4286
100 76 4288
100 73 4304
100 74 4326
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZER
FIELD-SINK
FIELD-STUDIES
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FISH
FISH
FISH
FISh
FISH
FISH
FISH-FARMING
FISH-FEEDING
FISF-KILLS
FISH-PRODUCTION
FISH-PRODUCTION
FISh-WASTES
FIXED-SOLIDS
FLIES
FLIES
FLIES
FLIES
FLOCCULATION
FLOCCULATION
FLOORING
FLOORING
FLCCRS
FLOORS
FLOORS
FLOW
FLOW-RATES
FLOW-RATE
FLOW-VELOCITY
FLOW-VELOCITY
FLUIDIZED-BEO-REAC
FLUIDIZED-BED-REAC
FLUIOIZED-BED-REAC
FLUORESCENCE
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSH ING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING-GUTTERS
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KE
EXPERIMENTS HADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974. I. HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974. Ill EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE' NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS- AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUHPT
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY HASTE KEYHORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-HASTES HEATING RECY
MANAGING MANURE WILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-
MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: AN IMAL-WASTES SHINE-WASTES LAND-APPLICA
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYHORDS; AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
BACTERIA PUHER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN IOHA KEYWORDS-. POULTRY-HASTES RECYCLING
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT WERE VALUA8LE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYHORDS: FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
MCNALLY TURNS OUT A UNIFORM HIGH-QUALITY OPH KEYHORDS- REFEED1NG POULTRY-HASTES-DRIEO f
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYHORDS- SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIOUID-HASTES HA
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM HASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYHORDS' ANIMAL-HASTE
COHTOWN S MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS. RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CATTLE-WASTES FEEDL
COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING FEEOLOT-HASTES P
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
THERMONETICS— THE GUYMCN PROJECT KEYWORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-HASTES METHANE FERTILIZERS
NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNOWATER FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PU
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYHORDS. REFEEDING LIVE
CONSERVATION OF CATTLE MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS CATTLE-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE NITROGEN-TR
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES FACTORY-
SUPPRESSION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHOSPHORUS FIXATION BY FARMYARD MANURE — I- HIGH PHOSPHORU
THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES STRAW
STUDIES ON POULTRY MANURE IN RELATION TO VEGETABLE PRODUCT ION. I I. POTATO KEYHORDS POUL
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES RUNOFF SHITCH-BACK-HA
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' HASTE-STORAGE
DEWATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CAR80XYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
RECYCLING OF SHINE MANURE BY SELECTED FISHES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-WASTES FISH PERF
LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS CHAPTER 5: AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYHORDS LIVESTO
USE OF AGRICULTURE HASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS' AOUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-WASTE
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CHANNEL CATFISH KEYHORDS' REFEEDING
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL REFEEOING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
ShlNE FECES RECYCLING IN CARPS FEEDING KEYHORDS REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES FISH
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF HASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
EXPERIMENTS IN RECYCLING SWINE MANURE IN FISHPONDS KEYWORDS. SWINE-HASTES FISH-FEEDING
USE OF FLUID COHSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS' ISRAEL REFEECING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYWORDS: FISH-WASTES
HASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYWORDS: FISH-WASTES
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY WASTES CEPCSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
SUCCESSION AND ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN PASTURE MANURE RELATIONSHIP TO FACE FLY SURVIVAL
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
TABULAR KEYS L BIOLOGICAL NOTES TO COMMON PARASITCIDS OF SYNANTHRCPIC DIPTERA BREEDING
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS. LAND-APPLIC
METHANE FERMENTATION OF AMMAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-THEATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS RECYCLING WASTEHATER-RENOVA
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS' SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
MORE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYHOROS. CONFINEMENT-PENS SHEEP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
HANDLE WASTE CHEAPLY WITH PARTIAL SLATS KEYHORDS SWINE-HASTES FLCCRS FLUSHING HASTE-MA
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIOUID MANU
WHAT'S HOUSING REALLY WORTH KEYWORDS' CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
WATER POLLUTION FRO^ NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS' WATER-PCLLUTI ON NONPCI NT-SOURCES PUBLIC
FLOW PROPERTIES OF DAIRY WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SHINE MANURE KEYHCRCS. SWINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AERA
HEAD LOSS OF BEEF MANURE SLURRY FLOW IN POL YVINYLCHLOR IDE PIPE KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-WASTES
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE
SYNTHESIS GAS FROM BOVINE WASTES KEYHORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES GASES FLUIDI ZED-BED-
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS OXIDATION FLU 10IZEO-BED-REACTOR RECYCLING D
MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-HASTES P
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIOUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FCR EACH STEEK FED KEYWORDS' RECYCLI
FLUSHING GUTTERS FOR HOG BUILDINGS KEYWORDS SHINE-kASTES FLUSHING LAGOONS DESIGN
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TCILEIS KEYWORDS SHINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
COSTS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS DAIRY-HAS
POULTRY WASTE GOES DOHN THE DRAIN KEYHORDS POULTRY-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SHINE FEEDLOT HASTEWATERS KEYHOROS SHINE-WASTES LIQ
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES LIOUID-WAST
MISSOURIANS VIEW IDEAS ON GUTTER, LAGOON, AND FREESTALLS KEYWORDS DAIRY-HASTES FREE-ST
SOLID VS. LIQUID HASTE- PRE-POND HASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYHOR
HANDLE WASTE CHEAPLY WITH PARTIAL SLATS KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES FLOORS FLUSHING WASTE-MA
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL SW
RALPH KISSINGER, JR —1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYWORDS- MANAGEMENT CATTLE CONFIN
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE HUH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS' HASTE-HANAG
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEW PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS' SWINE-
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UMTS KEYHORDS: SWINE-WASTES HASTE-STO
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYWORDS
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-TREA
BACTERIAL SPRAY ON MANURE INEFFECTIVE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS' BACTERIAL-SPRAY FLY-CONT
REARING AND RELEASE OF THE HOUSE FLY PUPAL PARASITE SPALANGIA ENDIUS WALKER KEYHOROS: F
HANDLING MANURE IN THE DEEP-PIT OR HIGH RISE CAGE LAYING HOUSE KEYWORDS: DEEP-PIT-HOUSE
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS: DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
POULTRY HASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
FLY CONTROL THAT COSTS ALMOST NOTHING KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL LARVICIOES COSTS POULTRY-WA
FEED-THROUGH LARVIC.IDE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-ADDITIVES FLV-CONTROL LAR
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POUi.TRYMEN KEYWORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEDIKG MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES EN
COMBAT CATTLE FLIES WITH THESE WEAPONS KEYWORDS' FLY-CONTROL PASTURES FEEDLOTS FEED-ADO
RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF IHOMPSON-HAYWARD 6040 IN BCVINE MANURE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYHORO
TOXICITY OF SD 8447 AND DICHLCRVOS TO LARVAE OF THE HORN FLY HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS, DIPT
HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL PARASITO
36
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400
100
100
•400
400
100
100
400
400
100
100
100
200
500
200
400
100
100
200
400
300
300
500
100
400
400
300
100
100
400
400
200
400
100
200
300
400
400
300
100
100
100
100
100
400
100
400
400
400
100
100
100
200
700
400
200
400
300
400
700
400
100
100
100
200
700
100
100
300
100
400
500
500
100
100
100
400
400
400
400
200
300
300
100
100
300
300
100
100
200
200
100
500
300
200
100
100
100
100
200
77
76
72
77
77
77
71
77
70
77
74
75
76
77
76
77
73
76
77
76
72
76
75
75
77
73
76
75
76
77
74
74
74
46
74
74
70
71
77
75
72
74
76
75
72
77
77
77
77
74
75
77
73
73
72
74
77
77
73
70
46
76
75
71
70
77
76
77
70
73
77
77
77
76
71
77
76
77
77
74
75
76
75
72
76
75
74
75
76
75
75
76
74
T6
71
73
75
76
4351
4356
4371
4406
4417
4500
4538
4568
4664
4344
4607
4230
4082
4176
4309
4136
4211
4274
4299
4339
4394
4408
45 14
4517
4507
4315
4608
4136
4195
4051
4072
4110
4115
4243
4297
4311
4569
4655
4662
4247
4344
4375
4584
4181
4633
4066
4149
4171
4193
4287
4291
4323
4331
4336
4347
4438
4445
4555
4568
4115
423B
4286
4583
4269
4487
4654
4655
4658
4567
4623
408L
4632
4470
4192
4566
4014
4299
4296
4283
4366
4493
4512
4577
4107
4532
4584
4598
4650
465 »
4095
440B
4532
4052
4512
4622
4646
4648
4651
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CCNTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-LARVAE
FLY-PROTEIN-PROOUC
FOAMING
FCOO-CHAIN
FOOC-PROCESSING-WA
FOOD-WASTES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FCRAGES
FORCED-AERATION
FOREST-LANDS
FRACTIONATION
FREE-STALLS
FREE-STALLS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUSLS
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUNGI
FUNGUS
FUNGUS
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASOLINE-SUBSTITUT
GAS-CFROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CFROMATCGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-PPODUCTICN
GAS-PROOUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTICN
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTICN
GAS-STORAGE
GAS-STORAGE
GERMAN-LAW
GLUCURON IDES
GLUTAMIC-ACID
GOAT-WASTES
GCBAR-GAS
GRAINS
GRAINS
GRA IN-PROCESS ING
GR6SSED-WATERWAY
GRASSLANDS
GRASSLANDS
GRASSLANDS
GRASSLANDS
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASS-PRODUCT I ON
GRASS-TETANY
GPASS-TETANY
GRAZING
GRAZ ING
GRAZING
GRAZ ING
CRAZING
GRAZING
AUTOMATIC FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-FARM ACCUOOSE-R AEROSOLS PYRETHRINS
INHIBITION OF LARVAL HORN FLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANURE OF BOVINES FED DIMILIN R MIN£R
ENCAPSULATED RABON FOR LARVAL HOUSE FLY CONTROL IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEE
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEOLOT FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEEOLOT
CONTROLLING FLIES WITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES HAS
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOHESTICA KEYWORDS
SOME EFFECTS OF THE AMBIENT ARTHROPOD COMPLEX ON THE DENSITY ANO POTENTIAL PARASITIZATI
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEW PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: SWINE-
NOW ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS: ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWINE-WASTES G
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS' REFEEOING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS; RECYCLING POULTR
THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHOD OF ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS". OOCR-CONTROL WASTE-TRE
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS ANO CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS; ZINC CADMIUM
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY ANO FOOD-PROCESSING WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS' ANAEROBIC-D
FOOD WASTE, MANURE HOLD PROMISE AS FEED, VETERINARIANS TOLD KEYWORDS' REFEEDING FOOD-WA
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON SOWN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
FEEOLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GCOD AGRICULfURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS: CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
ENERGY AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE PRCDUCTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEE
WASTEWATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLICATI ON FORAGES
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES I. NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS II MINERAL
FORAGE CROPS, GRASS TETANY KEYWORDS GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
RETENTION BY SHEEP CF CCPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS: SWINE-
MANAGING MANURE WILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE 00
WASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION FOREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
THE USE OF RESPIROMETRIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE BIOOEGRADABI LITY OF DIFFERENT COMPON
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION ANO THREE BEDDING
MISSOURIANS VIEW IDEAS ON GUTTER, LAGOON, ANC FREESTALLS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES FREE-ST
MANURE KEYWORDS' COMPOSTING RECYCLING FUELS ECONOMICS CATTLE-WASTES ORGANIC-WASTES
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD, OR JUST MOVE BOSSY OVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYWORDS'- RECYCL
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS'. METHANE ORGAN 1C-HASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES REGYG
FEEDLOT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTE3 ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
IMAGINE YOUR FEEDLCT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POWE
POWER-HAROLD BATE AND HIS MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED CAR KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCL
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ANO ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASEU ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGR1CULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
TCXIGEN1C FUNGI FROM POULTRY FEED ANC LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER FUNGI FEEDS TOXIN
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
TFE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE CF PETRIELLICIUM BOYCII SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTENTIA
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COPROPHILOUS FUNGI ANC FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
USDA RESEARCHER USES MANURE TO MAKE FEED AND WALLBCARO KEYWORDS. RECYCLING WALLBOARD RE
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPING MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE GASES AGITATI
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS' MANURE-PITS GASES TOXICITY HYDROGEN-S
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
SYNTHESIS GAS FROM BOVINE WASTES KEYWORDS' RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES GASES FLU IDIZED-BEO-
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS- APPLICATION TO POULTR
CONTROL OF GASES ANO ODORS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS' OXIDATION FLUI01ZED-BED-REACTOR RECYCLING D
BUILDING A BIG-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS. B1C-GAS-PLANTS CESIGN LIQUID-WASTES AGITATION HEATIN
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SW
HOG HOUSE DUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS. ODOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SWINE-WAST
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIG
NOW ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWINE-WASTES G
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS: METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES RECYC
DETERMINATION OF VAN ILMANOELIC ACID IN PIG URINE ANC CHICKEN FECES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMA
RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF THCMPSCN-HAYWARD 6040 IN BCVINE MANURE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ
ANALYTICAL AND ORGANCLEPTIC MEASUREMENT OF ODOURS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ODOR SAM
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGFSTER WITH DAIRY COW SUBSTRATE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WAST
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COW WASTE KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OAIRY-WA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SWINE-WASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS' FARM-WASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES FACTORY-
HOW TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS' METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
A HOMESITE POWER UNI T--METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS'- ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES WASTE-TR
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
SIMPLE PHENOLS ANO INDOLES IN ANAEROB1C ALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTE
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM THE FECES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES BIOTYPES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUR
GOBAR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-WAS
EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS REFEEDING ECON
ENERGY AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CATTLE PRCDUCTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEE
FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS. ENERGY RECYCLING BIOMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I.- BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLE G
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SOILS LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
SWINE MANURE FOR PERT 1LIZER--RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES AEROB
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCRETA UNDER INTENSIVE CATTLE GRAZING KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WAS
MICROFLORA OF NEWLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES A
MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLAND ANIMAL-WASTE
DAIRY CATTLE WASTE MANAGEMENT:ITS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF WATER QUALITY
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CCPROPHILCUS FUNGI AND FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE L.
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS' MATHEHAT
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYWORDS: GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
DAIRY CATTLE WASTE MANAGEMENT •. I TS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF WATER QUALITY
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES LANO-APPLICA
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCRETA UNDER INTENSIVE CATTLE GRAZING KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WAS
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COL I AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
A FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES ALLOWED TO GRAZE PASTURE CONTAM
THE AGRONOMIC ROLE CF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. PASTURES MAN
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE L
37
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 76 4416
200 77 4065
300 77 4509
300 76 4521
400 77 4123
100 77 4424
300 77 4510
300 76 4001
100 72 4007
300 76 4016
100 76 4049
200 74 4050
100 76 4074
500 77 4079
500 77 4C83
500 77 4064
500 77 4086
100 76 4105
700 72 4189
200 71 4190
500 75 4198
100 76 4213
300 74 4217
300 77 4262
300 73 4310
400 74 4330
100 73 4361
300 73 4392
400 77 4448
700 76 4455
100 76 4456
300 77 4462
100 77 4468
300 75 4474
300 77 4482
700 76 4543
100 75 4626
100 76 4627
300 72 4339
200 76 4358
100 76 4425
100 75 4450
300 77 4510
200 76 4610
400 77 4340
300 75 4570
100 77 4468
100 77 4469
100 77 4470
100 76 4630
100 74 4661
200 72 4640
200 76 4073
100 77 4365
700 74 4502
300 76 4315
400 72 4336
100 77 4350
400 77 4515
200 76 4616
200 76 4033
100 76 4046
100 76 4047
200 77 4063
500 77 4079
500 77 4086
100 77 4145
300 76 4194
300 73 4209
100 77 4210
300 77 4262
700 70 4268
400 77 4307
200 76 4358
200 75 4385
300 75 4429
400 77 4448
100 75 4451
700 76 4543
100 75 4645
100 76 4246
300 77 4509
300 75 4474
400 77 4103
300 74 4106
100 77 4470
300 74 4152
100 76 4017
300 76 4097
400 72 4114
300 75 4130
400 72 4240
300 73 4265
400 76 4471
400 76 4480
300 77 4503
400 77 4527
100 75 4590
200 J7 4233
300 73 4265
GRAZING-AREAS
GRAZON
GREENHOUSE-AGRICUL
GREEN-MANURES
GRINDING
GROUNDWATER
GROUNCHATER-MONITO
GROUNOilSTER-POLLUT
GROUNCWSTER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNOHATER-POLLUT
GRGUNOWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCWATER-POLLUT
GRQUNCHATEP-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNOh'ATER-POLLUT
GROUNCWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDUATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDUATER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDUATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDUATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNOHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNCHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNCWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER-GUALIT
GROUNCWATER-QUALIT
GROUNDHATER-QUALIT
GROUNDHATER-QUALIT
GROUNCliATER-CUALIT
GROUNCHATER-QUALIT
GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES
GULLE
GULLE
GULLE
GYPSUM
GYPSUM
HAMSTERS
HATCHERY-WASTES
HEAD-LOSSES
HEAD-LOSS
HEALTH-HAZARDS
HEAT ING
HEATING
HEATING
HEAT-RECOVERY
HEAT-TRANSFER
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METAL S
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METAL S
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HERBICIDES
HERBICIDES
HERO-DENSITIES
HIGH-RISE-CAGE
HIGH-RISE-POULTRY-
HISTIDINE
HOGS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
KOLDING-POHO
HOLOIMG-TANKS
A STUDY ON ELIMINATIVE AND GRAZING BEHAVIOUR—THE USE OF THE FIELD BY CAPTIVE HORSES KE
PRESERVATION AND REFEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER C
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE: NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUHPT
A LONG-TERM ROTATIONAL AND MANURIAL TRIAL IN UGANDA KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-H
COMPOSTING MAKES MANURE HANDLING EASY KEYWORDS; COMPOSTING CATTLE-WASTES WINDROWS AERAT
ANALYZING NITRATES IN HELL WATER KEYWORDS; NITRATES GROUNOWATER BARNYARDS FEEDLOTS METH
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND WATER TABLES FROM SWINE HASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS' SW
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS'. OESIG
HATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIOUID MANURE AND PRELIMINA
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-STORAGE W
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS SWINE-WA
THE IMPLICATION OF HYDROGEOLOG1C FACTORS IN HASTE MANAGEMENT ON LAND WITH SPECIAL REFE
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYWOR
HICROBIAL CONCERNS HHEN WASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYWORDS'. LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-MICROBI
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIOUID ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LIO
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL HASTE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUTI ON LEACHIN
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDHATER FROM LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS: GROUNCHATER-POLLUTION LI
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS'. NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNDHATER-POLL
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEOLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CAT I
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNDHATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINAT
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
HASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEULOTS KEYWORDS1 FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HATER-POLL
CHANGES IN SEEPAGE RATE FROM AN UNLINEO CATTLE HASTE DIGESTION POND KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WA
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYWOR
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: SEHAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RATES OF DAIRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL HATER NITRATE LEVELS K
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYHCRDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEOLOT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE IN BOIS
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
GROUNDWATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SWINE WASTE LAGOONS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
A SUMMARY OF THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF MTROGEN COMPOUNDS IN GROUNC HATER KEYHORDS: GROUND
NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNOHATER FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PU
WlSTErtATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS' MUNICIPAL-HASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLICATION FORAGES
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING WASTES KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
GROUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYHORDS: GROUNDHATER-QUALITY
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYWORDS: NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND WATER TABLES FROM SHINE HASTE LAGOONS KEYHORDS: SH
INFLUENCES OF LAND SPREADING LIVESTOCK WASTES ON GROUNCHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: GROUNDHA
CAST REVIEWS USDA WASTE MANUAL KEYHORDS: MANUALS LAND-APPLICATI ON GUIDELINES ENVIRONMEN
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLIC
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID NANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LICUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON HHEAT STRAH AND CHICKE
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT—ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS1 ANIMAL-HASTES LE
IMPACT OF HATCHERY HASTEHATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS' HATCH
HEAD LOSS OF BEEF MANURE SLURRY FLOW IN POL YVINYLCHLOR IDE PIPE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
WASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FOREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
BUILDING A BIO-GAS PLANT KEYHORDS' BIO-GAS-PLANTS OFSIGN LIQUID-HASTES AGITATION HEATIN
DRYING CAGED LAYER HASTE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-WASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION M
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS' SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-WASTES HEATING RECY
EFFECTS OF POULTRY DUST ON PERFORMANCE OF A THERMOSIPHCN HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM KEYWORDS
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDR
EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE ADDITIONS ON THE EXTRACTABILITY OF AN ADDED METAL KEYWORDS: PO
FEEDLOT WASTE RUNOFF AND MORTALITY OF WINDBREAK TREES KEYHORDS'. FEECLOT-RUNOFF TREE-MOR
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS' REFEEOING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS. HASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLI CATION LIQ
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS 8
SWINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY HASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHORDS'. RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
CATTLE MANURE. I. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS. [I. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MN, AND ZN
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS ON ANIMAL HASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPL ICAT ION SOIL-PROPERTIES
HASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
MANURE — LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL HATERSHEDS KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
GROUNOWATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SWINE HASTE LAGOONS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
WATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
EFFECT OF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE: NOW AND FCR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT Of NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEH YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS. POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CDOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS'. MATHEMAT1C
DILUTION OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLI CAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IS NOI AN EXPENSIVE ITEM: LINDER KEYWORDS: POLLUTION-CONTROL
FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THEY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYHORDSt F
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS'. HASTE-STGRAGE LAGOONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
DESIGN OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS D
AWARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYHORDS'. FEEOLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
KEEP IT DRY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR-CCNTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
BcEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF ANO CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF RU
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS—EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND HATER RUNOFF
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLCTS KEYWORDS: FEECLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I - BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLE G
DESIGN OF ANIHAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS 0
38
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 73 4621
200 77 4063
200 75 4641
100 76 4416
100 46 4115
200 75 4558
400 77 4522
100 75 4022
100 75 4102
100 73 4125
100 73 4126
400 76 4141
100 75 4162
300 72 4228
700 73 4414
400 77 4443
400 77 4445
400 77 4479
400 77 4526
700 76 4545
700 73 4555
400 71 4556
400 76 4576
200 76 4359
100 76 4432
100 76 4634
LOO 76 4074
700 74 4502
200 74 4072
400 74 4511
100 74 4193
200 75 4327
700 73 4331
400 74 4511
400 77 4066
300 74 4152
400 77 4171
300 76 4176
100 75 4206
400 77 4445
100 77 4465
200 74 4050
100 77 4632
300 77 4334
100 76 4351
300 76 4251
200 77 4272
200 77 4276
200 77 4277
200 77 4278
300 72 4393
400 73 4549
100 75 4264
100 77 4632
500 77 4079
500 77 4081
500 77 4083
200 70 4384
100 75 4451
200 71 4298
200 76 4358
200 76 4186
100 76 4074
500 77 4089
700 73 4390
200 72 4574
100 75 4514
400 77 4486
400 77 4204
400 77 4270
100 75 4286
100 76 4288
100 76 4289
100 73 4304
100 72 4356
400 77 4371
400 77 4406
300 77 4509
100 72 4155
100 70 4285
100 76 4346
300 77 4461
200 74 4506
100 77 4391
200 74 4347
400 77 4438
100 75 4592
100 76 4377
400 77 4437
400 76 4477
400 77 4554
100 76 4045
200 77 4063
100 76 4213
400 77 4314
300 75 4429
100 77 4465
100 77 4468
300 76 4003
HOKOGENIZATION
HORMONES
HORMONES
HORSES
HORSE-WASTES
HORSE-HASTES
HOUSEFLIES
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUS ING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUS ING
HOUSING
HCUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HUMAN-WASTES
HUMAN-WASTES
HUMIFICATION
HYDRAULIC-GRADIENT
HYDRAULIC-PIPE-TRA
HYDROGASIFICATION
HYDROGASIFICATION
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN-SULF I DE
HYOROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE
HYOROG6N-SULF IDE
HYOROGEN-SULFIOE
HYOROGEN-SULF IDE
HYOROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEOLOGY
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROPONICS
1GR-DICLIN-R
ILLINOIS-LAW
ILLINCIS-LAW
ILL INO IS-L AH
ILLINCIS-LAH
ILL INO I S-LAW
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCUBATION
INDOLES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
I NDUSTRI AL-HASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRY
INF I LTRAT I ON
INFILTRATION-CHAMN
INF I LTRAT ION-RATES
INFILTRATION-RATES
INF ILTRATION-RATES
INFILTRATION-RATES
INGESTION
INJURIES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTS
INSECTS
INSECTS
INSECT-CONTROL
INTENSIFICATION
INTESTINAL-PH
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
ION-MOVEMENT
IOHA-LAH
IOWA-LAW
IOWA-LAW
IRON
IRON
IRON
[RON
IRON
IRON-COMPOUNDS
IRON-OXIDE
IRRIGATION
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF ADENOSINETRI PHOSPHATE ATP, FROM COW SLURRY
RESIDUE TRANSFER ANO ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS: REFEECING FEED-A001TIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATf
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVE
A STUDY ON ELIMINATIVE AND GRAZING BEHAVIOUR—THE USE OF THE FIELD BY CAPTIVE HORSES KE
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS'. METHANE ORGAN 1C-WASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES RECYC
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS'. HORSE-WASTES RACE-TRACKS HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING WASTE—IT S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY METABOLISM OF STEERS FED A CONCENTRATE OR ROUGHAGE DIET IN CONVE
DIURNAL ANO ANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS OF AERIAL BACTERIAL ANO DUST LEVELS !N ENCLOSED SWINE H
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS HOUSING CA
HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS: HOUSING SLATTEO-FLOORS
RELATIVE ANO QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF AERIAL BACTERIA ANO OUST IN SHINE HOUSES KEYWORDS'.
HASTE HANDLING ANO DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS'. HASTG-DISP
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIH4L HASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
NEW HASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYHORDS WASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STOP AGE LIQUID
GUIDE TO EFFECflVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: CDOR GASES /".IP-POLLUTION SHiNE-KAST
HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS HOUSING OPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
WHAT'S HOUSING REALLY WORTH KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SHINt BUILDINGS KEYWORDS'- VENTILATION CCNFINEHENT-PENS DESIG
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM SCRAPES MANURE-AMD HORK-AWAY KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSIN
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT — OPTIONS FOR CONFINEMENT tiOUS PIG KEYWORDS: COMFI NEMENT- PENS HOUSI
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
STUDIES ON BACTERICPHAGE DISTRI BUT ION--VIRULENT ANO TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE CONTENT OF
ANALYSIS O"1 THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST flARNYAKD MANURE KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-HASTES SAW
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVFRSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL SW
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FRCW ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS' ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SUE, FLOH VELOCITY, ANO VISCOSITY OF BEEF
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGl
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESES GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS: RECYGLIN
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS OXIDATION FLU IDIZEO-BEO-REACTOR RECYCLING D
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTCCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPING MANURE KEYHOROS LIQUID-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE GASES AGITAT1
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYHORDS CDCR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS' MANURE-PITS GASES TOXIGITY HYOROGEN-S
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 ANO H2S ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFICE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE I. OXIDIZING AGENTS KEY
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PET VENTILATION KEYWORDS G03R GASES A IR-POLL'JT ! ON SWINE-WAST
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE.U. IRON COMPOUNDS KEYW
THE IMPLICATION OF HYOROGEOLOG1C FACTORS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON L4NO WITH SPECIAL REFE
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INOGLES IN ANAERflBI CALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS' SHINE-WASTE
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCT:. KEYWORDS RECYCLIN
INHIBITION OF LARVAL HORN FLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANURE OF BOVINtS Fh:0 DIM1LIN R MINER
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAN
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEl"fiUROS: HASTE-MA
FEDERAL LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS. LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS PERMITS WATER-POLL
STATUS OF ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS ILLINOIS-LAI, LEGAL-ASPECTS PER
CASE STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLOT OPERATIONS AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR PR1V
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLQT DESIGNS FOR PCLLUT1CN CONTROL KEYWORDS FEEOLOTS DES
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS' SWINE-HASTES WASTE-STO
SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN DAIRY COW WASTF KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES SALMONELLA
SIMPLE PHENOLS ANO INDOLES IN ANAEROB1C ALLY STORED PIGGERY HASTES KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTE
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS' HASTE-MANAGEnENT LAND-APPL1C Af!ON ANIM
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND HITH PFGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEVHOR
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOCNS KEYWORDS LAGOCNS WASTE-TREAT«ENr ANAEROBIC DESIGN
TFE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYHOPOC HATER-POLLUTION
TOWARD THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING H4STES KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
A LOH COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUMOFF FROM AN OPEN
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC L4GCONS INFILTR
SCIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICM[ON CROP-RESPONSE
EFFECTS OF HEAVY FEEDLOT MANURE APPLICATION RATES ON THE BASIC INFILTRATION RATE OF SOI
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTES ON THE WATER RELATIONS OF PULLMAN CLAY LOAM KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT
RETENTION BY SHEEP OF CCPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECftL SLURRY KEYHORDS. SHINE-
MORE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS SHEEP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
FEED-THROUGH LARVICIOE KILLS MAGGCTS IN MANURE KEYWORDS' FEED-ADD IFIVES FLY-CONTROL LAR
COMBAT CATTLE FLIES HITH THESE WEAPONS KEYHORDS FLY-CONTROL PASTURES FEEOLCTS FEED-ADD
RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF THOMPSCN-HAYHARD 6040 IN BOVINE MANURE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IM TISSUES AND MILK ANO BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYWORD
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
TOXICITY OF SO 8447 AND OICHLORVOS TO LARVAE OF THE HORN FLY HAEH4TOBIA IRRITANS, DIPT
ENCAPSULATED RABON FOR LARVAL HOUSE FLY CONTROL IN CGW MANURE KEYWORDS' FLY-CONTROL FEE
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEOLOT FLY CCNTRCL KEYWORDS f L '.'-CCINTROL FEEDLOT
CONTROLLING FLIES WITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS' FLY-CONT.'.OL PQUL TR Y-HAS TE S HAS
ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE- NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
ADDITIONAL INSECTS ASSOCIATED HITH BOVINE DROPPINGS IN i'ERR AND BtXAP, COUNTIES, TEXAS K
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE DROPPINGS IN KERR ANC BEXAR COUNTIES, TEXAS KEYWORDS'. 1
TABULAR KEYS L BIOLOGICAL NOTES TO COMMON PARASITOICS CF SYNANTHRCPIC OIPTERA BREEDING
HASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: W« STE-!1/>NftGE1ENT FEEDLO
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE—PRESENT STATUS ANO TRENDS KEYWORDS' PRODUCTION SHINE PO
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS' DIETS INTESTINAL-
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTRCL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL SH
HOG HOUSE DUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYHORDS. SWINE CONF[NEMENT-BU!LD!NGS A
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL ANO CLAY KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
HIS HOGS DON'T STINK KEYHORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IUWA-LAW ODOR-CONTROL SHI
FEEOLOT PAYS PENALTY KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS IOHA-LAH POLLUTIO"
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYHORDS FEEDLOTS ODOR
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYHOPOS POULTRY-WASTES L
RESIDUE TRANSFER ANO ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS REFEECING FEED-ADD ITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEOLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS CATI
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS REFEEDING PERFORMANCE CCPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPRC1LIUM PATHOGENIC
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE II. IRON COMPOUNDS KEYW
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TQ PHOSPHA
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SHINE HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. DESIGN LAGOONS SHINE-HASTES
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 72 4009
100 72 4011
100 T, 4032
300 75 4039
400 77 4071
200 76 4073
100 76 4118
300 75 4130
400 76 4132
300 77 4134
400 77 4153
400 77 4165
300 73 4188
100 76 4211
400 77 4219
300 74 4252
200 77 4283
300 76 4315
400 77 4388
700 73 4390
300 76 4394
400 77 4404
100 71 4405
400 77 4527
400 73 4549
400 77 4572
100 77 4573
100 75 4590
100 76 4591
200 75 4605
200 75 4620
100 76 4624
400 77 4076
100 74 4376
100 75 4592
100 77 4291
100 74 4015
400 77 4307
500 76 4078
200 76 4186
300 77 4341
400 77 4428
400 77 4498
700 76 4545
700 72 4635
300 76 4355
100 75 4137
300 76 4003
100 72 4003
100 72 4009
100 74 4015
400 72 4025
400 77 4031
100 76 4049
400 76 4055
100 76 4074
400 77 4076
500 77 4090
300 74 4106
300 76 4109
400 76 4116
400 76 4132
300 77 4134
100 75 4135
400 77 4151
300 73 4188
400 77 4195
300 76 4207
400 72 4240
200 76 4261
300 73 4265
200 77 4275
200 77 4282
200 77 4284
200 71 4324
100 77 4349
200 76 4360
100 77 4362
200 70 4364
200 73 4397
700 73 4414
400 77 4437
400 77 4499
400 73 4507
300 77 4510
400 77 4538
700 76 4543
700 76 4545
400 77 4554
400 71 4557
200 75 4605
200 76 4617
100 74 4647
400 77 4382
100 77 4362
300 75 4130
300 77 4462
300 76 4001
300 76 4003
100 72 4007
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRR IGAT ION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGAT I ON
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
1 RR IGAT ION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGAT ION
IRRIGATION
IRR IGAT ION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION-SYSTEM
ISRAEL
KAOL1NITE
KETONES
KRAFT-PULPING-WAS"
LABEL ING
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LA80R
LABOR
LACTIC-AC IDS
LACTIC-ACIO
LACTOBAC I LL I
LAGCONS
LAGOONS
LAGCONS
LAGOONS
LAGCCNS
LAGCONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGCCNS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGCCNS
LAGOONS
LAGCONS
LAGOONS
LAGCONS
LAGCONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LACCONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOON
LAGOON- PERFORMANCE
LAKES
LAND-APPLICATIONS
LAND-APPLICATION
I.AND-APPL [CAT ION
LANU-APPL ICAT ION
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL: BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
EXPERIENCES WITH THE COMBINED LIQUID MANURE-CLEAR HATER IRRIGATION KEYWORDS! LIQUID-MAS
CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT OF MILLET ASSOCIATED WITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH A
NATURAL METHODS OF PURIFYING WASTE MATERS AND UTILIZING THEM IN AGRIUCLTURE, BIBLIOGRAP
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-HASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
IMPACT OF HATCHERY HASTEHATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATCH
NITRATE CONTENTS OF SUOANGRASS AND BARLEY FORAGES GROWN ON PLOTS TREATED WITH ANIMAL M
FEEOLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOH THEY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYWORDS' F
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TOILETS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
COSTS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL DN TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS.' DAIRY-HAS
MAKING THE MOST OF HASTE KEYHOROS PCULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MERTEN S KEYHOROS FEECLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING REFEEOIN
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS" DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-HAST
FEEDLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
SOLID VS LIQUID WASTE PRE-POND HASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYHOR
LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS: CHAPTER 5. AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYWORDS LIVESTO
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I - BEEF HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLE G
WASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION FCREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
2,057 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION LIQUI
EFFECTS OF HEAVY FEEOLC1 MANURE APPLICATION RATES C(\ THE bASIC INFILTRATION RATE OF SOI
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES I NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS II MINERAL
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAG
A CLEAN MEW GAS KEYWORDS SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH PEGULATICNS — EPA CKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP HASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-STO
IRRIGATING HITH WASTEWATER KEYWORDS' HASTEHATER LAND-APPLICATION EQUIPMENT-IRR1GAT1ON
RUNOFF FROM A LOH-CCST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEOLCTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NCNPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FEEDLOT-RUNO
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
FEECLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
S IRRIGATION ONE WAY TO HANDLE LAGOON WASTES KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS LIQUID-WASTES
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS. ISRAEL RtFEEOING FISH PONUS CATTLE-
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS- APPLICATION TO POULTR
T LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PCNDS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS ON ANIMAL WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS' C OMPUTEh'-MOOEL S WASTc-
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
LONG TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS HASTE-STORAGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL1C AT I ON TIME LABO
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW WASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNGFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES CM FERMENTED- AMMGNIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SWINE FECAL WASTE HITH GROUND ORCHARDGKASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
CHANGES IN MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEOLOT WASTE KITH CORN KEYWORDS
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-WASTES
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MAIVUR
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PCNDS KEYWORDS' LAGCONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
ENGINEER SOUNDS WARNING DN USE OF LAGCON WASTE ON FIELD CROPS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT 10
FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FCR EACH STEER FED KEYWORDS: RECYCLI
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. LAGOONS SWINE-WA
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGCONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGGONS INFILTR
IRRIGATION ONE WAY TO HANDLE LAGCCN WASTES KEYWORCS: IRRIGATION-SYSJEMS LIOUI0-WASTES
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
FLUSHING GUTTERS FOP, HOG BUILDINGS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES FLUSHING LAGOONS DESIGN
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TOILETS KEYWORDS- SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
COSTS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS DAIRY-HAS
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
POULTRY WASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS. POULTKY-WASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTt DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS. DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-HAST
MISSOURIANS VIEW IDEAS ON GUTTER, LAGCON, AND FREESTALLS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES FREE-ST
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HAS
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYHORDS. HASTE-STORAGE LAGOONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYHCIRDS: OVERLANO-FLOW-TREATMENT SHIN
DESIGN OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS. ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS D
FARMERS AS CLIENTS KEYWORDS' DESIGN WASTE-MANAGEMENT SEITLING-BASINS LAGOOHS
TYPES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON ILLINOIS FARMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREAT
THE FARMER'S VIEWPOINT, PART II - SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT SW[
DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR AMMAL WASTE TREATMENT LAGCCNS KEYWORDS: C A I R V-W AS IE S DESIGN LUGO
LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SWINE WASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPCNSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION AMMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPO
EFFECT OF ARSANIL1C ACID LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS WASTE-IREA1 WENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS' BIOLOGICAL-TR
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIMAL WASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
HIS HOGS DON T STINK KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOWA-LAW ODOR-CONTROL SWI
LAGCONS £ GATORS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS ALLIGATORS WASTE-TREATMENT AERATION
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYWORDS DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT' WASTE-STORACt 00
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND WATER TABLES FROM SWINE WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. Sw
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEW PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS'- SHINE-
GROUNDWATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SWINE HASTE LAGCONS IN HIGH HATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS ODOR
WHAT TO DO WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL W A TER-PQL LUT I CiN ODOR A
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON CF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FUR SWINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SHINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS' SHINE-WASTES
GROWTH OF ALGAE ON PIG MANURE KEYHORDS" SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS ALGAE WASTE-DISPOSAL -.ASTE
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYHORDS RECYCLING HASTEfeATFK-SENOVA
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THEY CAN BE GOCO NEIGHBORS KEYWORDS. F
THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEDLOT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF »N[M«-L WASTE > '•! Brj I ;
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KtV'JORDi OESIr,
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' DESIGN L'lGOONS SWI r'r-HA STE S
WATFR MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIQUIi) MANURE AMD OREL!MIMA
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
100
300
100
400
100
300
400
100
400
100
100
100
200
200
200
400
400
200
200
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
300
300
300
100
300
400
300
100
300
100
200
300
400
300
100
300
400
300
400
100
100
400
300
400
200
300
700
200
100
400
500
500
300
100
400
100
100
300
300
300
100
400
200
300
300
200
400
300
400
300
100
700
200
200
200
400
100
300
300
400
400
400
200
200
100
400
400
300
300
72
72
76
76
72
74
75
77
77
75
76
76
76
74
76
76
76
77
74
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
76
73
76
72
77
77
76
75
76
76
75
77
77
73
72
74
72
76
73
77
76
77
76
73
72
71
74
77
75
75
76
76
77
76
76
72
72
72
76
72
73
76
74
73
77
77
77
74
76
70
77
77
77
77
76
73
76
77
76
74
73
71
76
77
74
73
72
4011
4012
4016
4024
4025
4032
4037
4040
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4052
4053
4054
4055
4071
4072
4073
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4086
4089
4090
4091
4092
4097
4099
4100
4105
4107
4111
4112
4118
4120
4121
4129
4130
4133
4134
4136
4142
4150
4152
4157
4163
4168
4169
4170
4183
4186
4188
4189
4190
4193
4195
4198
4200
4207
4211
4212
4218
4224
4226
4227
4228
4237
4240
4250
4251
4252
4256
4259
4262
4263
4266
4267
4268
4274
4283
4284
4302
4306
4310
4315
4317
4319
4322
4323
4324
4325
4328
4330
4332
4339
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LANO-APPLI CAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLI CAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICAT I ON
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICAT ICN
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LANC-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICAT I ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL I CAT ION
LANO-APPLICAT ION
LANC-APPL ICATION
LANC.-APPL1CAT10N
LAND-APPL TCAT I QN
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LANO-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPLICAT ION
LANC- PPL I CAT [UN
LAND- PPL [CATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LANC- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND-APPL I CAT ION
LAND-APPL I CAT ION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LANC-APPL ICAT ION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL [CATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LANO-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICATION
EXPERIENCES WITH THE COMBINED LIQUID MANURE-CLEAR HATER IRRIGATION KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HAS
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE W
THE EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ON RUNOFF, EROSION AND NITRATE LOSSES KEYWORDS'- LAND
ENGINEER SOUNDS WARNING ON USE OF LAGOON HASTE ON FIELD CROPS KEYWORDS: LANO-APPLICAT10
CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT OF MILLET ASSOCIATED HITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION HITH A
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
BACK TO BASICS—175-6USHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SHIN
HOG MANURE HORTH «3.50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-WASTES LANO-
ANIMAL HASTES MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HATER-POLLUTION LE
ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A CCASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED WIH POULTRY MANURE KEYHOR
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES L
EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE ADDITIONS ON THE EXTRACT ABU I TV UF AN ADDED METAL KEYHORDS: PO
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES LANO-APPLICA
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I ON ANIMAL-WA
AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION CF WINTER SPREAD MANURE KEYWORDS'. AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LAND-AP
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
FUEL FROM FECES KEYHORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
IMPACT OF HATCHERY HASTEHATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATCH
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL HASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS WASTE-
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE CF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CRCPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADM!UM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL HASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYHOR
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LICUIO ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LIQ
SOIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FFEDLOT HA
CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF WASTEHATER STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
DILUTION OF FEtDLOT RUNCFF KEYWORDS. LAND-APPLICATION FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
DESIGN PAIUMETCRS FOR THE LAND APPLICATION OF CAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SHINE BARN KEYWORDS: St. INE-WASTE S LIQUID-WAS
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LICJUIU FAKM WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYHORDS' LANC-APPLI CAT I ON GRASSLAND ANIMAL-HASTE
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE TIPS TC GET MOST FRCM MANURE SPREADER KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-H
EFFECTS OF ANIMAL MANURE ON SOYBEANS AND SOIL KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION DAIRY-HASTES C
NITRATE CONTENTS OF SUUANGRASS AND BARLEY FORAGES GROWN ON PLOTS TREATED WITH ANIMAL M
POULTRY MANURE FOR FIELD CHOP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RATES UF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
NUNPOINT SOURCES STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNG
FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THfcY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYHORDS: F
AWARDS MADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS' AWARDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR
CUSTS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HAS
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE ANC NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON SOWN PASTURES^ SEED YIELD AND
SPREAD THE MUCK APOUND THE FARM KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NUTRIENTS F
POLLUTION RESEARCHERS FINDING MANY ANSWERS, EXPERT REPCRTS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
KANSAN APPLIES FEEDLOT RON-OFF TC CCPN FIELDS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF LAND-APPLICAT1 ON
TRANSFORMATIONS CF NITPOGEN ACOED AS AMMONIUM AND
ORGANIC MANAGEMENT REDUCES LEACHING OF NITRATE KEY
HOW MUCH MANURE SHCULO WE PUT ON KEYWORDS ANIMAL-
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SWINE FEEDLCT W
MANURE IMPORTANT FACTOR IN 338 BUSHEL RECORD CORN
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABA
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATIONS KE
ANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMON1UM-F
ORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LEACHING NITR
ASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
STEWATERS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIQ
IELC KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HASTES CATTLE-W
FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
A KEYWORDS: CAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-WAST
WORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION LEACHIN
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDWATER FROM LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS'. GROUNDWATER-POLLUT I ON LI
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE CN THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
MISSOURIANS VIEW IDEAS CN GUTTER, LAGCUN, AND FREESTALLS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES FREE-ST
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS: NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER-POLL
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYHORDS' NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLI CAT I
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE HASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'- SWINE-HAS
FEEOLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES LA
SOIL NITROGEN. IX. THE EFFECTS OF LEYS AND ORGANIC MANURES ON THE AV4ILABLE-N IN CLAY AND
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY PREVIOUS APPLICATIONS OF POULTRY MAN
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS'. HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYWCRDS: WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SWINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISP
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE HASTE TC ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS: LIOUID-WASTES CATTLE-WAST
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS WASTE-STCRAGE LAGOONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS. POULTRY-WASTE
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAN
LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS. CHAPTER 5 AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN RELATION TO HIGH LOADING RATES WITH MANURE KEYWORDS: MANURE LAND-A
FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP TO FINISH HOGS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLATTED
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY Of, FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LANO-APPLICA
HANDLE WASTE CHEAPLY WITH PARTIAL SLATS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES FLOORS FLUSHING HASTE-MA
RECYCLE SOLID ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NITR
POLLUTION POTENTIAL CF MANURE SPREAD ON FROZEN GROUND KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU1 I OH LAND-AP
CATTLE MANURE: i. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS 11 RETENTION pROPERTits FOR cu, MN, AND ZN
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS'. CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS. HASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLE G
THE FARMER'S VIEHPDINT, PART II - SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT SHI
DIVERSIFY—BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
HASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION FCREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
HASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT CO-
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS. ANIMAL-HASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPL 1C ATION RECYCLING FE
THERE'S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
CONTROL OF GASES AND ODORS FRCM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT LAGOONS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES DESIGN LAGO
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING COPPE
DAIRY WASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
WASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWCRDS. FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEULOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLL
USING ORGANIC HASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS: ORGAN IC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
WASTEWATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYHORDS: HUN 1C I PAL-WASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLI CAT[ON FORAGES
41
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4340
300 77 4341
400 77 4342
400 73 4352
300 72 4353
200 76 4358
200 76 4359
200 76 4360
100 77 4364
300 74 4366
100 76 4377
400 72 4383
200 75 4385
400 77 4388
700 73 4390
300 72 4393
300 76 4394
200 73 4397
400 77 4402
200 76 4403
300 74 4412
300 77 4423
300 75 4429
400 77 4437
400 77 4439
400 77 4440
400 77 4443
300 75 4444
700 74 4447
400 77 4448
100 75 4450
700 76 4455
200 71 4457
100 69 4459
100 69 4460
300 77 4461
100 77 4464
700 73 4467
400 76 4471
300 75 4474
100 73 4478
100 76 4481
100 77 4483
100 74 4489
100 75 4490
100 75 4491
300 75 4493
400 77 4498
300 75 4505
400 74 4511
100 73 4513
100 75 4514
400 77 4517
400 77 4518
400 77 4520
300 76 4521
400 77 4524
400 77 4525
400 77 4527
400 77 4529
300 76 4532
400 77 4536
600 4540
200 75 4542
400 74 4547
400 76 4548
400 73 4549
200 76 4551
400 77 4553
300 75 4570
400 77 4572
100 77 4573
200 72 4574
400 70 4575
100 75 4577
100 73 4580
300 75 45B6
100 76 4588
300 75 4593
100 74 4598
100 75 4604
200 75 4605
200 76 4613
200 76 4614
200 76 4618
100 71 4622
100 76 4624
100 77 4628
100 71 4629
100 76 4630
100 75 4642
400 77 4644
100 73 4646
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 75 4652
100 71 4657
300 77 4659
100 74 4660
200 74 4667
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICAT I ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT [ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANC-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
CAST REVIEWS USDA HASTE MANUAL KEYWORDS: MANUALS LAND-APPLICATION GUIDELINES ENVIRONMBN
LONG TERN MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION TIME LA80
C4P*SfT.A---N OR HHY POOR HASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU MONEY KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES PO
UNDERGROUND SILOS FOR LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE SILOS LAND-APP
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-H
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
LAND USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WAST6-COMPO
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF MINK WASTES KEYWORDS: MINK-HASTES WASTE-COMPOSITI
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SOILS LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL HASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS: HASTE-HAN
HASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
2,057 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION LIQUI
EFFECTS OF HEAVY FEEDLCt MANURE APPLICATION RATES ON THE BASIC INFILTRATION RATE OF SOI
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS DES
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES'. I. NITRCGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS. II. MINERAL
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL «NO MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: 6IOLOGICAL-TR
RALPH KISSINGER, JR —1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CATTLE CONFIN
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPLICATION SY
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS H
MANURE--LCNG-TERM STUDY KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
HIS HOGS DON'T STIKK KEYHORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOHA-LAH ODOR-CONTROL SWI
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION C
INJECTING MANURE PAYS WITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES LAND-APP
NEH WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. WASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE HASTE-TREA
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HA
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS. SEUAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYHORDS: NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RATES OF DAIRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL HATER NITRATE LEVELS K
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS HATER-POLLUT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 1— THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, HINTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN ACUECUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
AWARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES-- APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A BY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KE
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974.1 HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974 II EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. III. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
SHINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES AERDB
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE HASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING CCSTS ASSOCIATED HITH LIQUID MANU
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS. POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
RETENTION BY SHEEP CF CCPPER FROM AERCBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS' SWINE-
MANAGING MANURE WILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-
MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SWINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICA
PROFITS FROM MANURE: NCRKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES LAND-
A LONG-TERM RUTATICNAL AND MANORIAL TRIAL IN UGANDA KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-W
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS' RECLAMATION SURFACE-MINED-LANDS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEH
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYCRCUS-AMMONI A FEECLOT-HASTES CROP-RES
FEEDER COMPLIES HITH REGULATIONS—EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP HASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
UTILIZING WASTE FOR FERTILIZER BASE KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION FERTILIZER
DAIRY CATTLE WASTE MANAGEMENT:ITS EFFECT ON FORAGE PROCUCTION ANC RUNOFF WATER QUALITY
FARM PROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS WORK WITH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS. CONFINEMENT-PEN
MANURE VS ANAEROBIC RESIDUE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES HASTE-COMPOSITI
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND HASTES KEYWORDS AHSENICALS FEEC-ADD ITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN ANSWER TO MANURE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS SPRAY-IRRI GAT I ON LAND-APPLICATION EQUIP
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, 6 PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYHORDS SWINE-WASTES EFFL
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UMTS KEYHORDS SHINE-HASTES HASTE-STO
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS' CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYHORDS SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-HASTES HA
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLIC
IRRIGATING WITH HASTEWATER KEYHORDS WASTEHATER LAND-APPLI CAT I ON EQUIPMENT-1RRI GAT I ON
RUNOFF FROM A LOH-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYHCRCS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTES ON THE HATER RELATIONS CF PULLMAN CLAY LOAM KEYHORDS' FEEDLOT
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATI ON DEHYDRA
MICROFLORA OF NEHLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES A
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYHORDS ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE OOCR CONTROL KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL LAND-APPLI CAT ION 6IOLOGICAL-TR
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT
SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND
EFFECT OF LONG TERM MANURING ON THE SOIL PHOSPHATE POTENTIAL IN CALCAREOUS SOIL AND ITS
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
AN INJECTOR-TANKER DESIGN TO APPLY LIQUID MANURE BETWEEN CORN CROP ROWS KEYWORDS; LIQUI
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FOR HANDLING SEMI-SCLID CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS' PUM
INFLUENCES OF LAND SPREADING LIVESTOCK WASHES ON GRCUNDHATER QUALITY KEYHORDS'. GP.OUNOWA
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHEftlCHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES L IV E STOCK- WASTE S LAND-APPL I CATI ON DRAINAGE
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS: SALMONELLA CATTLE-HASTE
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INT ENS ITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCTI.
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYWCRDS: DAIRY-WASTES RUNOFF SWITCH-8ACK-WA
A FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES ALLOWED TO GRAZE PASTURE CONTAM
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE L
SUCCESSIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND INVERTEBRATA AND THEIR CONNECTIONS WITH BIOCHEMICAL P
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES DAIRY-WASTES 6ACT
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION CF SLURRY KEYWORDS' AEROBIC-TREATMENT
SUPPRESSION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHOSPHCRUS FIXATION BY FARMYARD MANURE—I. HIGH PHOSPHORU
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES HASTE-MAN
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 75 4037
300 75 4039
200 77 4058
500 77 4084
500 77 4085
200 76 4172
100 77 4381
100 71 4405
100 72 4409
300 76 4435
100 77 4468
300 77 4503
400 71 4557
200 76 4358
100 77 4653
400 77 4179
400 77 4204
200 76 4185
100 72 4007
300 76 4016
100 73 4168
700 72 4189
500 75 4198
200 75 4385
300 73 4392
100 76 4425
100 75 4450
700 76 4455
100 76 4456
100 77 4468
700 76 4543
200 76 4551
100 76 4591
100 75 4626
200 77 4063
100 77 4210
400 75 4043
200 77 4057
200 77 4064
500 77 4079
500 77 4C80
500 77 4081
500 77 4091
100 74 4108
300 74 4152
400 77 4156
400 71 4173
400 77 4180
500 75 4196
300 72 4226
300 72 4227
300 72 4228
300 76 4251
300 74 4252
400 77 4253
300 73 4265
200 77 4272
200 77 4276
200 77 4277
200 77 4278
400 77 4295
200 71 4298
400 77 4307
400 75 4313
200 73 4323
200 76 4360
400 71 4413
400 77 4437
300 75 4444
300 75 4474
400 76 4477
400 77 4484
300 75 4494
300 75 4505
400 77 4527
400 76 4539
200 76 4551
400 77 4554
100 76 4591
300 76 4612
200 74 4535
200 72 4640
200 73 4533
100 75 4490
700 70 4069
100 71 4002
300 76 4003
10O 72 4007
100 72 4008
100 72 4009
100 72 4010
100 72 4011
100 72 4012
300 76 4016
100 77 4018
100 76 4024
400 72 4025
400 77 4027
300 76 4028
100 77 4042
LAND-AVAILABILITY
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-CISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-CISPOSAL
LAND-CISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-MANAGEMENT
LARVAE
LARVICIDES
LARVICIOES
LAYING-HENS
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHIMG
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACFING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEAD
LEAD
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEPTOSPIRES
LEPTOSPIRES
LIGNIN
LIMING
LIMNOLOGY
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIOUIO-WAS-TES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
NATURAL METHODS OF PURIFYING HASTE HATERS AND UTILIZING THEM IN AGRIUCLTURE, BI6LIQGRAP
REFEEOING POTENTIALS FACTS AND FANTASIES KEYWORDS; REFEEDING ECONOMICS WASTE-COMPOS!TI
MICROBIAL CONCERNS WHEN HASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYWORDS'. LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-MICROBI
PATHOGEN SURVIVAL IN SOILS RECEIVING HASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL MICROORGANISMS PATHO
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL BLOOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SHINE
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-DIS
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLDT RUNOFF AND CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS; FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RU
WHAT TO 00 HITH ANIMAL HASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
AN EXPERIMENT ON DUNG REMOVAL BY APHODIUS LARVAE SCARABAEIDAE AND EARTHHORMS:KEYHORDS
FLY CONTROL THAT COSTS ALMOST NOTHING KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL LARVICIDES COSTS POULTRY-HA
FEED-THROUGH LARVICIDE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYWCRDS'. FEED-ADDITIVES FLY-CONTROL LAR
REFEEDING OF AERATED POULTRY HASTES TC LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION REFEEDING POULTRY
WATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND PRELIMINA
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-STORAGE H
ORGANIC MANAGEMENT REDUCES LEACHING CF NITRATE KEYWCROS: LAND-APPLICATION LEACHING NITR
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL HASTE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUTI ON LEACHIN
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS: NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER-POLL
WASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRI ENT-LOSSES N
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYHOR
GROUND-HATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYWORDS: GROUNOHATER-QUALITY
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYWORDS'. NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RATES OF DAIRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL HATER NITRATE LEVELS K
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT HASTE
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
GROUNDWATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SWINE WASTE LAGCONS IN HIGH WATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNO
A SUMMARY OF THE 61CGEOCHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN GROUND WATER KEYWORDS: GROUND
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING FEED-ADD I TIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
ANIMAL WASTES MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HATER-POLLUTION LE
SEMINAR ON FEEOLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
PROVISIONS OF STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS ON REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPE
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF HASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WA
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYHORCS. CDOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
ODORS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LIQUID-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES
A POLLUTION SOLUTICN WITH OUILT-IN PROFITS KEYHORCS: DEHYDRAT 1 ON POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
SEPEA ANNOUNCES POULTRY WASTE FEEDING POSITION KEYWORDS: REFEEOING RECYCLING LEGAL-ASPE
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, HASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: HATER-POL
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPCSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS' HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPCSAL GUIDELINES FOR [NDIJNA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISP
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAN
LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS. CHAPTER 5: AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYWORDS LIVESTO
CATTLE FEEDING GAINS REPORTED GOOD ON MISSISSIPPI CCMPANY'S POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
DESIGN OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' ENGINEERING-STANDARDS LEGAL-ASPECTS D
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MA
FEDERAL LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYHCROS LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLCTS PERMITS WATER-POLL
STATUS OF ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWCRDS ILLINOIS-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS PER
CASE STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLCT OPERATIONS ANC FUTURE DEMAND FOR PRIV
STATE ODOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS'. FEECLOTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS DOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
TOWARD THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT CF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS CN ANIMAL WASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
DPW VALUE AS ANIMAL FEEC SEEN REACHING 100 A TCN KEYWCRDS" REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DR
CONTROL OF GASES AND OOCRS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS- LANC-APPLICAT ICK ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPO
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS: F
HIS HOGS DON'T STINK KEYWORDS: CONFIKEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOHA-LAW ODOR-CONTROL SW!
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
FEEOLOT PAYS PENALTY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEOLOTS IOWA-LAW POLLUTIO
ODOR COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS: ODOR FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS TEXAS-LAW NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
REGULATION OF ODORS THROUGH NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS: ODCK LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING CCSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS—EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP HASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
MCNALLY TURNS OUT A UNIFORM HIGH-QUALITY OPW KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PCULTRY-WASTES-CRI ED F
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS ODOR
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FEEDLOT-RUNO
PART III-STATE PROGRAM ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT D
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWCROS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-WASTES FEED
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT—ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS: AN I HAL-WASTES LE
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF CATTLE MANURES IN DRYLOT FEEDING KEYWORDS REFEEDING
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974.11 EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
THE EFFECT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE COTTONHCOD RIVER, KANSAS KE
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INTO THE EFFECT OF CATTLE MANURE CN FASCIOLA HEPATICA EGGS KEYHORO
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWCROS: DESIGN LAGOONS SHINE-WASTES
HATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS CF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND PRELIKINA
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS CF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
CONTRIBUTION TO THE*TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL: BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM.
EXPERIENCES HITH THE COMBINED LIQUID MANURE-CLEAR HATER IRRIGATION KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HAS
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION CF LIQUID MANURE KE
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWCROS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE W
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
THE EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ON RUNUFF, EROSION AND NITRATE LOSSES KEYWORDS: LAND
ENGINEER SOUNDS WARNING ON USE OF LAGCON WASTE ON FIELD CROPS KEYWORDS' LAND-APPL1 CAT 10
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED WASTES KEYHORDS'. REFEtDING OX I DAT ION-DIT
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES BIOL
HOG MANURE WORTH <3.50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-HASTES LAND-
43
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 76 4055
400 77 4066
400 77 4071
400 77 4076
500 77 4086
500 77 4090
300 73 4100
100 76 4105
300 74 4106
100 76 4118
300 77 4134
100 75 4137
400 77 4156
100 76 4163
400 77 4165
300 76 4170
300 73 4188
400 77 4202
300 76 4203
400 77 4212
400 77 4219
300 72 4226
300 72 4227
300 72 4228
100 76 4237
400 72 4240
400 77 4259
400 77 4317
400 74 4322
400 77 4328
400 72 4336
100 77 4381
400 72 4383
400 77 4388
300 76 4394
100 73 4396
100 76 4398
400 77 4402
400 77 4404
400 77 4443
700 74 4447
100 77 4468
100 77 4469
400 76 4471
100 77 4487
300 75 4493
400 77 4495
400 77 4498
300 75 4505
400 77 4536
400 73 4549
400 77 4553
1.00 75 4577
100 77 4599
100 76 4602
200 72 4603
200 75 4605
200 76 4613
200 76 4614
200 76 4615
100 71 4629
100 76 4631
100 76 4638
100 77 4470
100 74 4254
400 77 4520
500 77 4080
300 74 4152
300 73 4310
400 71 4413
300 76 4435
400 77 4554
100 74 4015
400 77 4021
300 75 4029
400 75 4043
200 77 4057
500 77 4081
400 77 4111
200 76 4129
300 4142
400 72 4150
400 77 4156
300 76 4176
200 71 4190
500 75 4200
100 76 4201
300 76 4251
300 74 4252
200 77 4274
200 77 4277
200 77 4281
300 74 4297
400 76 431(3
400 77 4342
300 72 4352
100 76 4425
400 77 «'l
?00 75 4MV-I
f. 0 0 73 4478
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LICUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
L [QUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUIC-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
L [QUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
L IQUI C-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
L IQU I C-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
L ICUI C-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
L IQU1C-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LICUID-WASTES
LIQUIC-HASTES
LIUUIC-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
L IQUI C-HASTES
LICUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
L IQUIC-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUIC-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
HOUI D-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUIC-HASTES
L IQUIC-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTE
LITTERS
LITTERS
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
I- IVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
L IVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCIC-WaSTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
hOGHEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETR4
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPING MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE GASES AGITATI
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SLOTTEO-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
IRRIGATION ONE WAY TO HANDLE LAGOON WASTES KEYWORDS: IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS LIQUID-WASTES
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LIO
SALT ACCUMULATION [N SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINE APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BARN KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-HAS
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'- POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
NITRATE CONTENTS OF SUDANGRASS AND BARLEY FORAGES GROWN ON PLOTS TREATED WITH ANIMAL M
COSTS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS. DAIRY-WAS
CHANGES IN MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEDLOT WASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
ODORS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYWORDS' ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LIQUID-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES
TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS AMMONIUM AND MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMONIUM-F
RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MERTEN'S KEYWORDS'. FEECLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SWINE FEEDLOT WASTEWATERS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES LIQ
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-HAST
175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD WITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES S
WASTEHATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FDR DRYLOT DAIRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES LA
SOLID VS. LIQUID HASTE PRE-POND WASTE SEPARATION ALLOHS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYHOR
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA CAIRYMEN KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYHOROS: HASTE-DISP
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE hASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYHORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES CATTLE-WAST
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE LAGOONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP TO FINISH HCGS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLATTED
HASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT CO
THERE'S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
DAIRY WASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
BUILDING A BIO-GAS PLANT KEYWORDS: BIO-GAS-PLANTS DESIGN LIQUID-HASTES AGITATION HEATIN
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE WASTE KEYHORDS' LAND-DISPOSAL SHINE
HHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL WASTE PROBLEM KEYHORDS: HASTE-MAN
2,057 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES LAND-APPLI CAT I ON LIQUI
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES. I. NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS. II- MINERAL
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID AMMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE
ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTIC PRCPERTIES OF CATTLE LIQUID MANURE FROM L
RALPH KISSINGER* JR --1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CATTLE CONFIN
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: HASTE-HANAG
NEH WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS WASTE-COLLECTION HASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYHOROS- WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WA
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
AHARO FOR NEBRASKAN KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COH HASTE KEYWORDS: ANAER08IC-CIGESTION OAIRY-WA
SHINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER--RESEARCH KEVIEW KEYWORDS* SWINE-WASTES LIQUIO-WASTES AEROB
PREPARE FOR WINTER KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-MANAGEMENT MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-WA
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WAbTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION N1TROGEN-LO
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
FARM PROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS HORK WITH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS' CONFINEMENT-PEN
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UMTS KEYWORDS SHINE-WASTES WASTE-STO
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-HASTES HA
MICROFLORA OF NEWLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-HASTES A
OENlTRIFICAriON OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG HASTE KEYHORDS'. SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTE
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE HASTEHATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYHOROS
ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL HASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WAST
AN ECCNOMIC COMPARISON CF FIVE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
AN INJECTOR-TANKER DESIGN TO APPLY LIQUID MANURE BETHEEN CORN CROP ROHS KEYWORDS: LIQUI
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FCR HANDLING SEMI-SCLIO CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: PUM
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE INJECTORS KEYWORDS'. L IQUID-WAST ES SO [L-IN JECIORS EQ
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS SALMONELLA CATTLE-WASTE
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-WASTE
EARTHWORM POPULATION OF A PASTURE SPRAY-1RRI GAT ED HITH DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT KEYHORDS: DA
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LICU10 MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF DRYING TIME ON SURVIVAL OF MICROORGANISMS IN
PROFITS FROM MANURE-WORKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF HASTES TL! AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CDOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYHOROS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYHOROS: F
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MDRE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-DIS
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR
LAGCONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYHOROS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DAIRY-HASTES KRAFT-PULPI
ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM HASTE SMALL KEYWORDS' ENERGY FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME I—A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
ANIMAL WASTES MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WATER-POLLUTION LE
SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF HASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND HITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE TIPS TO GET MOST FROM MANURE SPREADER KEYHORDS- LIVESTOCK-W
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNO
SPREAD THE MUCK AROUND THE FARM KEYHOROS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION NUTRIENTS F
POLLUTION RESEARCHERS FINDING MANY ANSWERS, EXPERT REPORTS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES
ODDRS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYHOROS: ODOR LEGAL-AS PEC IS LIQUID-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSCCIATED HITh LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDHATER FROM LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYHORDS: GRQUNOHATER-POLLUTI ON LI
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT HITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS' NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLI CAT I
INCLUSION OF LIVESTOCK FECES INTO CORN SILAGE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-HASTES
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAN
LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS. CHAPTER 5 AGRICULTURE RELATED POLLUTION KEYHORDS LIVESTO
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYHCROS. CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
STATUS OF ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYHORDS: ILLINOIS-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS PER-
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-COM
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
WHAT'S MANURE WORTH AS 6 FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-PRODUCT ION-RATE FE
CiP. S, T.A--N OR WHY POOR HASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU MONEY KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES PO
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CRDPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS. LIVESTOCK-H
GROUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYHOROS. GROUNDHATER-QUALITY
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STOR AGE WASTE-TREA
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400
400
200
100
400
200
100
200
100
100
200
300
100
700
400
400
300
300
400
100
400
300
200
100
300
500
300
100
100
300
100
100
500
400
400
400
400
200
ZOO
400
200
4UO
400
400
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
100
100
300
400
200
100
100
400
100
700
100
400
300
400
400
100
300
400
400
400
100
300
400
100
100
300
400
300
100
100
100
300
300
'-00
400
100
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
400
200
300
100
400
100
74
77
76
75
70
76
77
75
75
75
76
74
77
72
74
77
77
77
77
73
77
76
76
76
74
77
76
77
76
74
76
76
75
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7',
46
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4511
4519
4551
4560
4567
461B
4626
4641
4642
4662
4359
4453
4487
4561
4330
4439
4461
4462
4554
4131
4441
4312
4359
4045
4052
4090
V097
4145
4213
4217
4306
4481
4408
4111
4442
4056
4160
4182
4298
4302
4323
4330
4402
4413
4462
4479
4485
4486
4536
4554
4606
4045
4213
4429
4340
4256
4559
4648
4606
4629
4546
4308
4150
4393
4480
4495
4042
4106
4149
4171
4259
4417
4100
4103
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4236
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41 15
41 S9
'•140
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LOADING-LIMITS
LOADING-RATES
LCACING-RATES
LOAOIMG-RATES
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
LYOPHIL I 7-EC- SALMON
LYSINE
MACHINE-PRDOUCTIV1
MACRONUTKIENTS
MAGNES I UM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNES IUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNES IUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM-DEHC1EN
MA INTENANCE
MA INTENANCE
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANGANESE
MANGANESE
MANGANESE
MANUALS
MANURE
MANURE-SANK
MANURE-DEPOSITS
MANURE-EAT ING
MANURE-HEAP
MANURE-MANTLE
MANURE-PACKS
MANURE-PACK
MANURE-PACK
MANURE-PACK
MANURE-PACK
MANURE-P I TS
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-P 1 TS
MANURE-P I TS
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-P 1 T
MANURE-PIT
MANURE-P IT
MANURE-STACK
MASK ING-AGENTS
MASKING-AGENTS
MASK ING-AGENTS
MATI-EHATICAL-MOOEL
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MEASUREMENT
MEAT-QUALITY
HEAT-OUALITV
MEAT-QUAL I TY
MEAT-QUAL I TY
HEAT-QUAL I TY
MEDICAL-ENTOMOLOGY
MERCURY
META80L IC-WASTES
HETA80LISH
HETAL-EXTRACTABILI
HE THANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
HEIHANE
i'i ETHANE
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURb KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-TREA
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAH LIVESTOCK-H
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM HASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUT
HOh TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS; METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
INFLUENCES OF LAND SPREADING LIVESTOCK WASTES ON GROUNOHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: GROUNDUA
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LIVE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS ANO ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INTENSITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCT!
THE WASIE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPIING PLANT NUTRIENTS ANO POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
STATE OF THE ART:METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COW WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DAIRY-HA
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED WITH DOMESTIC SE
WASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEDL01S KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLL
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CGRN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION SO I L-IN J ECTI ON C
HASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDL01S KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLO
THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEOLOT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTE IN BOIS
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR
THE ROLES OF AMMCNIA, HATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLAC I DAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
MANURE ANO ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS' SWINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
FEEOLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS'. HASTE-COLLECTION FEEOLOTS T IME-MOTION-ST
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS ANO POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES L
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS SLURRIES LANO-APPLICA
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
OILUTIDN OF FEEDLOT RUNCFF KEYHCROS: LAND-APPLICATION FEEOLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLCT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATI
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUTI ON SO IL-CONTAMINAT
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYWORDS: GRASS-TETANY AMMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
OPERATIONAL ANO MAINTENANCE TIPS TO GET MOST FROM MANURE SPREADER KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-*
MANURE LOADERS NEED CARE AND MAINTENANCE KEYWORDS' ECU IPMENT-MANURE-LOADERS MAINTENANCE
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYWORDS ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
KSU TRIES PLASTIC SLATS AND WALLS IN PIG NURSERY KEYWORDS' SHINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN SLAT
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING MONPOINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS' NONPOINT-POLLUTI ON WATER-POL
TOHARO THE DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYHOROS DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
DIVERSIFY—BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS ICWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
CONTROL OF GASES AND ODCRS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
WASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEDLCT-RUNOFF HATER-POLL
RALPH KISSINGER, JR --1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYHORDS' MANAGEMENT CATTLE CONFIN
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS' F
THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEDLCT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE IN BOIS
HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS FEEOLCTS HOUSING UPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
PEN CLEANING ISN'T CHEAP KEYWORDS. FEFDLOT-HASTES CLEANING EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS MANAGEM
MORE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS SFEFP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
FARM PROGRESS SHOW MORE CATTLE AND LESS WORK WIIH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PEN
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS ODOR
NO NEED TO CONTROL MANURE EATING BY TURKEYS KEYWORDS: TURKEYS MANURE-EATING ANIMAL-HEAL
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES L
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATI
MANURE — LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS. ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPL1C AT I ON CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
CAST REVIEWS USDA WASTE MANUAL KEYWORDS. MANUALS LAND-APPLICATI ON GUIDELINES ENVIRONMEN
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN RELATION TO HIGH LOADING PATES WITH MANURE KEYWORDS: MANURE LANO-A
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND-- PART 1 KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
THE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' PASTURES MAN
NO NEED TO CONTROL MANURE LAflNG BY TURKEYS KEYWORDS' TURKEYS MANURE-EATING ANIMAL-HEAL
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS: SALMONELLA CATTLE-HASTE
INFLUENCE OF SURFACES ON POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS- FEEDLOT-SURF ACES FEEDLOT-RUN
SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF D I METHYLNITRCSAM 1NF IN CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: NITROSAMINES
POLLUTION RESEARCHERS FI NO[NG MANY ANSWERS, EXPERT REPCRTS KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-HASTES
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS DES
KEEP II DRY KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL STOCKINC-RATES FEEDLCT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
PREPARE FOR HINTER KEYHCRDS. FEEOLCT-MANACEMENI MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-HA
HOG MANURE WORTH U3 50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-HASTES LAND-
HANDLING ANO DISPOSING CF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. PIIUL TRY-WAST ES W ASTE-MANAGEMEM T SOLI
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SWINE CDNFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS' MANURE-PITS GASES IOXIC1TY HYDROGEN-S
FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP 10 FINISH HCGS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMEN1-PENS SLATTED
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA KEYWORDS
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SHINE BARN KEYHORDS SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-WAS
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT RELOH KEYHCROS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES Kt-YWORDS HASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
PRODUCTION ANO TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORIZERS KEYWORDS'. OCOR-CONTROL CHEMICAL-TRE ATME NT MASKI
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL LAND-APPL 1C AT ION BIOLOG1CAL-TR
PERFORMANCE OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN r.CPTHFRN CLIMATES KEYWORDS'- MATHEMATIC
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS' MATHEMAT
THE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ANO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENI MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USCfJ FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GRCHING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING ECON
POOLTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYHORDS: REFEEC1NG POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED HASTE-COMPO
ACCUMULATION ANO EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLOR 1NE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS — A REVIEW KEYWORDS' POUL1RY-HASTES-DR
TABULAR KEYS t BIULOCICAL NOTES TO COMMON PAI1ASITUIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA BREEDING
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BEIWEEN ANIMALS AKD ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INT ENS ITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCTl"
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS'. POUL TRY-HASTE S-ORI ED REFEEDIN
EFFECT OF POULTRt' MANURE ADDITIONS ON THE E X Tit ACT AB1L IT Y OF AN ADUED METAL KEYWORDS: PO
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUPPING MAMIIRE KEYWORDS'. L I QU I D-W AS I E S WA STE-S TOR AGE GASES AG1TATI
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
HANDLING AND DISPOSING DF POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS. POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS: METHANE CRGAMC-HASTES SEWAGE HURSfc-HASTES RECYC
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THF FEEDLOT KEYWORDS: ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
THETtMOPH I L 1C METHANE PRODUCUCJN FROM CATILt l-'ASTf: KEYWORDS: AIMAIER03 I r-0 I GE ST I ON CATTLE-
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4153 METHANE MAKING THE HOST OF HASTE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
400 77 4158 METHANE MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE ANAERCBIC-DI
400 77 4171 METHANE MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS GASES TOX1CITY HYDROGEN-S
300 74 4175 METHANE METHANE GENERATION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTERS METHANE DESIGN
100 74 4193 METHANE THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
200 74 4221 METHANE METHANE RECOVERY FROM PCULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: PCULTRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
400 77 4231 METHANE ON METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS ECONOMICS
400 76 4241 METHANE THE HEDOING OF CLUCK AND MOO KEYWORDS; POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
200 76 4260 METHANE BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL Of THERMOPHILIC METHANOGENESIS FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCL
400 72 4303 METHANE METHANE POWER1 THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES DIGESTS
300 76 4318 METHANE METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
200 76 4367 METHANE METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
100 77 4368 METHANE ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
400 77 4378 METHANE 140 DEGREES IS CRITICAL —METHANE FROM CATTLE HASTE FERMENTATION STARTS RAPIDLY, CONTINU
100 71 4405 METHANE A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS; SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
400 77 4445 METHANE GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: CDCR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SHINE-HAST
300 74 4453 METHANE STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
300 77 4454 METHANE A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID HASTES KEYWORDS: SOLID-HASTES
300 73 4472 METHANE BIO-GAS PLANT—DESIGNS HITH SPECIFICATIONS KEYWORDS: BIOGAS-PLANTS ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
400 77 4504 METHANE MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
400 74 4511 METHANE DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS' LIVESTCCK-HASTES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
400 77 4519 METHANE METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FRCf MANURE KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-TREA
400 77 4563 METHANE COWTOHN'S MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYHCROS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CATTLE-HASTES FEEDL
400 71 4565 METHANE THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ANIMAL-WASTES METHANE ME THAN
400 71 4566 METHANE GObAR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS: METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-WAS
400 70 4567 METHANE HOW TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS'- METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-WAST
400 71 4569 METHANE POWER-HAROLD BATE AND HIS MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POHERED CAR KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES RtCYCL
500 74 4596 METHANE BIO-GAS PLANT GENERATING METHANE FROM ORGANIC HASTES KEYHOROS: METHANE BIOGAS-PLANTS AN
400 77 4610 METHANE THERMONETICS — THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-HASTES METHANE FERTILIZERS
400 77 4611 METHANE METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT HASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-TREA
500 73 4623 METHANE A HOMESITE POWER UN IT--METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES HASTE-TR
100 75 4637 METHANE ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS' SWINE-HASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
300 77 4655 METHANE NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
100 75 4662 METHANE THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
400 77 4665 METHANE METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FERMENTATION REC
400 74 4UO METHANE-GENERATOR NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD, OR JUST MOVE BOSSY OVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYWORDS: RECYCL
400 71 4565 METHANE-POWERED-MO THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING ANIMAL-HASTES METHANE METHAN
400 71 4569 METHANE-POWERED-MO POWER-HAROLD BATE AND HIS MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED CAR KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES RECYCL
100 77 4424 METHEMOGLOBINEMI A ANALYZING NITRATES IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER BARNYARDS FEEDLOTS METH
400 77 4204 METHOPRENE FEED-THROUGH LARVICIOE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYWORDS'- FEED-ADDITIVES FLY-CONTROL LAR
200 77 4062 METHYLBROMIDE-FUMI PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PATHOGE
700 76 4541 HICROBIAL-ASSIMILA NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLCW TREATMENT OF POULTRY HASTES K
100 75 4645 MICROBIAL-POLLUTI 0 HATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTI ON NONPOINT-SOURCE 5 PUBLIC
100 75 4577 MICROFLORA MICROFLORA OF NEWLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES A
100 77 4579 MICROFLORA , THE EFFECT OF THE MICROFLORA IN CATTLE SLURRY ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMO.VELLA DUBLIN KEYH
100 74 4562 MICROFUNGI CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-WASTES
100 76 4398 MICROMYCETES ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CATTLE LIQUID MANURE FROM L
200 76 4359 MICRONUTRI ENTS CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
100 77 4048 MICROORGANISMS MICROI3IAL POPULATION CHANGES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE MANURE-
500 77 4085 MICROORGANISMS PATHOGEN SURVIVAL IN SOILS RECEIVING WASTE KEYHCRCS: LAND-DISPOSAL MICROORGANISMS PATHO
100 77 4161 MICROORGANISMS ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM ADULT SWINE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES
100 74 4254 MICROORGANISMS EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF DRYING TIME ON SURVIVAL OF MICROORGANISMS IN
100 74 4344 MICROORGANISMS ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SUBSTRATES P
200 76 4358 MICROORGANISMS CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPL1C AT ION SOIL-PROPERTIES
100 76 4375 MICROORGANISMS THE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETRI ELL IDIUM BOYDII SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTENTIA
100 76 4398 MICROORGANISMS ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CATTLE L1CUIO MANURE FROM L
200 77 4422 MICROORGANISMS K1CROFLCRA OF ENSILED MANURE-BLENDED FEED, CORN AND SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS'. ENSILING
300 77 4659 MICROORGANISMS AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TC LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
100 72 4356 MILK-CONTENT ENCAPSULATED RABON FOR LARVAL HOUSE FLY CONTROL IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS' FLY-CONTROL FEE
100 76 4098 MILK-PRODUCTION COMPLETE RATIONS FOR DAIRY CATTLE VII DRIED POULTRY WASTE FOR LACTATING COWS KEYWORDS
200 77 4354 MILK-PRODUCTION FEED FED, MILK PRODUCED, AND EXPECTED EXCRETA SOLIDS CF DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-CATT
100 72 4356 MILK-PRODUCTION ENCAPSULATED RABCN FOR LARVAL HCUSE FLY CONTROL IU COW MANURE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEE
400 77 4410 MILK-PRODUCTION POULTRY WASTE — NITROGEN FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS' REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-OP I
100 77 4210 MILK-OUALITY INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION AND URGANCLEPTIC DUALITY 0
100 76 4288 MILK-GUALITY FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYWORD
100 77 4290 MILK-QUALITY LONG-TERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A POLYCHLORINATED BIPH
200 72 4400 MILK-QUALITY RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
100 76 4246 MINERALIZATION EFFECT OF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K
200 73 4250 MINERALIZATION SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTE
300 73 4332 MINERALIZATION USING ORGANIC WASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS'. ORGAN IC-WAS TE S LAND-APPLICATION
200 73 4533 MINERALS OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF CATTLE MANURES IN DRYLOT FEEDING KEYWORDS. REFEEOING
300 75 4593 MINERALS TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN CXIOATICN DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT
300 76 4594 MINERALS TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION D1TCH--STAGE 2 KEYWORDS'- SWINE-WASTES HAS
100 76 4351 MINERAL-BLOCKS INHIBITION OF LARVAL HORN FLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANURE OF BOVINES FED OIMILIN R MINER
100 75 4645 MINING WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOI NT-SOURCES PUBLIC
100 77 4364 MINK-WASTES THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF MINK WASTES KEYWORDS: MINK-WASTES WASTE-COMPOS ITI
300 76 4176 MINT-OIL PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
300 76 4109 MIXING EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
200 70 4384 MIXING STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
100 75 4607 MIXING FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
300 77 4655 MIXING NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
100 76 4000 MODEL-STUDIES THE ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: SYSTEMS-ANALYS
300 76 4003 MODEL-STUDIES DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-WASTES
100 76 4017 MODEL-STUDIES PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS', MATHEMATIC
500 77 4092 MODEL-STUDIES CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF WASTEWATER STCRAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE OES
100 75 4095 MODEL-STUDIES A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS' MATHEMAT
400 76 4096 MODEL-STUDIES EPA WILL USE KSU MODEL AS WASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS' WATER-QUALITY-INDEX COMP
200 76 4182 MODEL-STUDIES RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NCNPOINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS: NONPDINT-POLLUTI ON WATER-POL
500 75 4196 MODEL-STUD IES NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS' WATER-POL
500 75 4199 MODEL-STUDIES ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REDUCING PHOSPHORUS LOSSES FRCM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS
100 77 4350 MODEL-STUDIES DRYING CAGED LAYER WASTE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-WASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION M
100 77 4362 MODEL-STUDIES EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SWINE DIETS AND WASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
100 75 4395 MODEL-STUDIES A MODEL FOR RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES A
100 73 4396 MODEL-STUDIES WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: WASTE-STORAGE
100 74 4559 MODEL-STUDIES A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART I KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
200 76 4615 MODEL-STUDIES ENGINEERING DESIGN OF LIQU10.MANURE INJECTORS KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HASTES SOIL-INJECTORS EQ
100 73 4126 MOISTURE-CONTENT EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS-' HOUSING CA
100 73 4131 MOISTURE-CONTENT THE ROLES OF APHONIA, HATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLACIDAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
300 77 4301 MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
100 77 4348 MOISTURE-CONTENT AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
46
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 77 4350
100 77 4369
100 77 4372
400 77 4380
400 77 4406
400 77 4411
300 77 4430
300 77 4449
700 73 4467
400 77 4519
400 77 4525
400 77 4587
100 75 4589
100 75 4607
400 77 4056
400 76 4166
500 77 4081
300 72 433**
300 72 4353
200 70 4384
200 73 4397
100 75 4451
100 77 4417
100 74 4661
100 76 4523
100 76 4375
100 75 4652
300 75 4474
100 72 4007
100 76 4024
200 75 4026
500 77 4088
400 72 4157
100 73 4168
700 72 4189
300 74 4217
200 75 4225
100 73 4361
100 77 4381
300 73 4392
100 77 4424
100 76 4425
100 75 4450
700 76 4455
100 76 4456
200 71 4457
100 75 4626
100 76 4627
200 75 4385
200 71 4190
500 75 4200
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
100 76 4656
300 74 4217
300 76 4001
300 76 4003
100 72 4006
100 72 4010
100 72 4012
300 76 4016
100 77 4018
100 77 4019
100 76 4020
300 76 4028
100 76 4049
300 76 4067
400 77 4070
200 76 4073
100 76 4074
300 75 4077
500 76 4078
500 77 4079
500 77 4086
300 76 4099
300 72 4107
100 73 4136
400 77 4159
400 77 4169
200 76 4172
400 71 4173
200 76 4186
300 75 4187
500 75 4196
500 75 4197
500 75 4198
300 73 4209
400 .77 4212
100 76 4218
100 76 4236
100 76 4246
200 73 4250
300 74 4266
700 70 4266
200 77 4274
400 72 4303
100 76 4306
400 76 4316
400 77 4328
300 73 4332
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MDISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOLDS
MOLDS
MUNICIPAL-WASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNIC IPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MUNICIPAL-HASTES
MLSCAMONE
MUSHRCCM-PRODUCTIa
MVCOBACTERIA
MYCCFLORA
NAPHTHALENE
NEH-YCRK-LAW
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
N I TRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRATES
NITRIENT-LOSSES
NITRIF [CATION
NITRIFICATION
N 1 TRIF ICAT ION
NITRIF [CATION
NITRIFICATION
NITRITES
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
DRYING CAGED LAYER HASTE KEYHOROS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-HASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION H
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES CEPCSITEO ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEHE
A NEH CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FOR BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
WINTERING BROOD COHS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER- RESEARCHER KEYWORDS' REFEEOING PO
CONTROLLING FLIES HITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HASTES WAS
HAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
LABORATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING E
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURE KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-TREA
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYHCRDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA FEEDLOT-HASTES CROP-RES
COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYHORDS'- COMPOSTING FEEOLOT-WASTES P
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYWORDS ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY 8ROOOING SAFE KEYWORDS'- POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF HASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFIC1E
WASTEHATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS'- MUNICIPAL-HASTES SEHAGE LAND-APPLICATION FORAGES
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-H
STAIE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYHORDS'- BIOLOG 1C AL-TR
THE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL HATERSHEDS KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTI ON
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA KEYWORDS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON WHEAT STRAH AND CHICKE
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCOBACTER1A AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
THE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETRI ELL IDIUM BOYDII SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTENTIA
SUCCESSIONS OF MICRCORGANI SMS AND INVERTEBRATA AND THEIR CONNECTIONS HITH BIOCHEMICAL P
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT CF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEH YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
WATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION Of LIQUID MANURE AND PRELIHINA
THE EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ON RUNOFF, EROSION AND NITRATE LOSSES KEYWORDS'. LAND
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SWINE KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEDING SHI
OVERLAND RECYCLING CF AMMAL hASTE KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT OVERLAND-SPRAY-IRRIGATION
KANSAN APPLIES FEEDLOT RUN-OFF 10 CORN FIELDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF LAND-APPLICATION
ORGANIC MANAGEMENT REDUCES LEACHING OF NITRATE KEYHOROS'. LAND-APPLICATION LEACHING NITR
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL HASTE APPLICATIONS KEYHCRDS: GROUNOHATER-POLLUTION LEACHIN
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYHORDS. GROUNOWATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINAT
RECYCLING SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS1 SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBI
CHANGES IN SEEPAGE RATE FROM AN UNLINED CATTLE WASTE DIGESTION POND KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE HASTE KEYHOROS: LAND-DISPOSAL SHINE
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANIA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION KEYWOR
ANALYZING NITRATES IN WELL WATER KEYHORDS NITRATES GRCUNDWATER BARNYARDS FEEOLOTS METH
GROUND-HATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYWORDS'- GROUNDHATER-QUALITY
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYWORDS' NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
EFFECTS OF METHODS AND RAIES OF DAIRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL WATER NITRATE LEVELS K
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS' HASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYHORCS: AGRICULTURE FEEOLOTS HATER-POLLUT
A SUMMARY OF THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY CF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN GROUND HATER KEYHORDS: GROUND
NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWAIER FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AND ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PU
HASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYHORCS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDWATER FROM LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYHORDS: GROUNCHATER-POLLUTI ON LI
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS: NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATI
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURKY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYHORDS SHINE-WASTES HAS
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNCWATER-POLLUTION SO IL-CONTAHI NAT
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS: DESIG
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-HASTES
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CARD
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
HATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
DAIRY MANURE CAN 8E USED SAFELY KEYHORUS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE W
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE HASTE COMPOSITION KEY
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SH
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWO
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES 8IOL
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-WA
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON HASTE CHARACTERISTICS ANC RUNOFF KEYHOROS FEED
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED HASTE-COMPO
IMPACT OF HATCHERY WASTEWATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS' HATCH
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGCONS INFILTR
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS. COMPUTER-MODELS HASTE-
LAND AS A HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS. HASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION HO
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE LAND APPLICATION OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES LAND
MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS'- LAND-APPL I CAT I ON GRASSLAND ANIMAL-WASTE
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON SOWN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
INTEREST IN DPH APPEARS TO HAVE SUBSIDED KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED RECYCLING REFEE
HOW MUCH MANURE SHOULD HE PUT ON KEYHORDS. ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLCOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS. LAND-DISPOSAL 6LOOO PAUNCH-MANURE PA
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS' OEHYDRATI ON POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
FEEDING VALUE OF EXCRETA-STOVER SILAGE AND CORN RESIDUE FOR BEEF COHS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDI
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS: WATER-POL
TRANSPORT IN STREAMS KEYWORDS, HATER-POLLUTION POLLUTANT-SOURCES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS AG
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS: NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNOWATER-POLL
SHINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY HASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES LA
SOIL NITROGEN. IX. THE EFFECTS OF LEYS AND ORGANIC MANURES ON THE AVAILABLE-N IN CLAY AND
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEED1N
EFFECT OF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K-
SOHE FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTE
RECYCLE SOLID ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NITR
CATTLE MANURE. I. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS. II RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MN, AND ZN
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS: CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
METHANE POWER1 THE PLOWBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING METHANE ORGAN 1C-WASTE S DIGESTS
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED HITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
WHAT'S MANURE WORTH AS A FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES HA STE-PROOIJCTION-RATE FE
DAIRY WASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
USING ORGANIC WASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS' ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION
47
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200 77 4337
700 74 4345
100 77 4348
200 76 4358
200 76 4360
100 77 4364
100 77 4369
300 77 4379
200 75 4385
200 73 4397
200 75 4401
400 77 4410
100 75 4420
300 77 4423
300 75 4429
400 77 4431
200 76 4433
300 75 4434
400 77 4439
400 77 4440
700 76 4458
100 69 4459
300 75 4474
100 76 4481
300 77 4482
400 73 4488
100 74 4489
100 75 4491
300 75 4493
100 76 4496
100 73 4513
400 77 4522
400 77 4525
400 75 4531
400 77 4553
100 74 4559
100 77 4573
400 70 4575
100 73 4580
400 77 4587
100 75 4589
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
100 76 4600
100 76 4601
100 77 4628
100 76 4631
100 75 4648
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 76 4656
100 74 4661
100 73 4666
100 77 4148
100 75 4626
700 73 4467
400 77 4498
700 76 4541
200 76 4144
100 74 4191
400 77 4520
100 76 4602
100 77 4421
700 72 4635
100 76 4038
300 76 4068
100 76 4163
200 71 4190
300 76 4394
600 4540
100 72 4649
700 72 4189
100 76 4308
100 74 4193
300 77 4461
200 76 4182
200 76 4073
500 77 4080
500 77 4091
200 ?6 4094
200 76 4129
100 76 4496
100 76 4591
100 75 4645
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
300 77 4463
100 76 4534
200 74 4127
400 77 4295
400 77 4484
300 75 4«94
400 77 4554
100 72 4006
300 76 4016
100 77 4018
300 75 4037
500 77 4091
300 73 4100
100 76 4101
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITHOGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN-BALANCE
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN-LOSSES
NITROGEN-LOSSES
NITROGEN-LOSSES
NITROGEN-LOSS
NITROGEN-LOSS
NITROGEN-LOSS
NITROGEN-REMOVAL
NITROGEN-RETENTION
NITROGEN-RETENTION
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-
NITROSAMINES
NITROUS-OXIDE
NOISE
NONPOINT-POLLUTION
NCNPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NCNPOINT-SOURCES
NCNPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NCNPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NON-POINT-SOURCES
NON-PC INT-SOURCES
NON-POINT-SOURGES
NUCLEIC-ACIDS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
FEED INTAKE AND HANURE SOLIDS FROM LAGTATING HOLSTE1N COHS KEYWORDS' FEED-INTAKE DAIRY
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POU
AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING WASTES KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
LAND USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTES NITROGEN HASTE-COKPO
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF MINK WASTES KEYWORDS'. MINK-WASTES WASTE-COMPOSITI
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY WASTES DEPOSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEMF.
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE WASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS
H4STES— USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS-' AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. 61OLOGICAL-TR
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF HASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
POULTRY WASTE—NITROGEN FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC MANURES AND THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON ITS
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS W
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
GOOD GAINS ON POULTRY WASTE, HIGH FIBER DIET KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED REFEEDING N
WILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLCW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIHIN
MICROBIOLOGY AND HATER CUALITY [N A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS'- WATER-POLLUTION
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION C
INJECTING MANURE PAYS WITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES LAND-APP
THE SYMBIOTIC GROWTH OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA ON SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT B
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 1— THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTLE S
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974 I HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, HOBURN, 1876-1974 III. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
SWINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES AEROB
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-S
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
ON STRAW AND GCLD, HANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE [N A VARIETY OF WAY
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYCPOUS-AMHONIA FEECLOT-WASTES CROP-RES
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT WERE VALUABLE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WASTES WA
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWCRDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STOR
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
COMPOSTING CONVERTS WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEOLOT-WASTES P
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN CXIDATION OITCH — STAGE 2 KEYWORDS- SWINE-WASTES WAS
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNCFF KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-HAS
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYWORDS. WATERSHEDS WATER-POLLUT
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTCCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-WASTE
TFE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: PASTURES MAN
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWCRDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE L
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON WHEAT STRAW AND CHICKE
STUDIES ON POULTRY MANURE IN RELATION TO VEGETABLE PROCUCTION.il POTATO KEYWORDS POUL
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED WASTELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED WAST
A SUMMARY OF THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN GROUND WATER KEYWORDS: GROUND
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLCW TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES K
OVERLAND FLOW PRETREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS' OVERLAND-FLOW-PRETREATMENT POULT
LOSSES FROM CATTLE FAECES DURING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS: SAMPLING-TECHNIQUES CHEMIC
PROFITS FROM MANURE-WORKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYWORDS' POULTRY-BASTES LAND-
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYWORDS
EFFECT OF INCLUDING ENSILED BROILER-HOUSE LITTER IN THE RATIONS OF SHEEP ON THE OIGESTI
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUCIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN AERATED SWINE MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SHINE-WAST
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS AMMONIUM AND MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMONIUM-F
NITROGEN INPUTS TO GROUNDWATER FROM LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS: GROUNCWATER-POLLUTION LI
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES. I NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS II MINERAL
MANURE VS. ANAEROBIC RESIDUE KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES ANAEROBIC-RESIDUES WASTE-COMPOSITI
CONSERVATION OF CATTLE MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE NITROGEN-TR
NITRATE LEACHING FROM AMMAL WASTE APPLICATIONS KEYWCRDS: GROUNCW AT ER-POLLUT ION LEACHIN
SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE IN CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: NITROSAMINES
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEOLCTS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NONPOINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS. NONPOINT-POLLUTI ON WATER-POL
IMPACT OF HATCHERY WASTEWATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM DUALITY KEYWORDS' HATCH
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEECLOT HA
NATURE AND IMPACT OF STREAM INPUTS OK A WATERSHED BASIS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF W
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-CF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS' HATER-POLLUTION AGR I CUL TURAL-RUNO
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-S
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE — NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNO
WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCE S PUBLIC
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS. WATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
WATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWORDS: FARM-PONDS HATER-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
URINARY ALLANTOIN EXCRETION AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-MATTER INTAKE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO KEYW
GOOD ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT REDUCES ODORS AND COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-
STATE ODOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS NUISANCE-LAUSUITS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
ODOR COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS' ODOR FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS TEXAS-LAW NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
REGULATION OF ODORS THROUGH NUISANCE IAWS KEYWORDS: OOCR LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUIT"
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS ODOR
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CARD
DAIRY HANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWCRDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HAS IE-STORAGE W
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
LAND AVAIIABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT WA
I IQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BAPN KEYWORDS: SUINE-WASTES LIQUID-WAS
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION CF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYWORDS REFEEDING CATT
48
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400 77 4113
200 76 4129
300 4142
300 76 4194
400 77 4212
100 76 4223
200 75 4225
100 76 4236
400 77 4239
400 72 4240
300 76 4251
400 77 4257
100 76 4267
700 70 4268
400 77 4300
200 76 4358
300 75 4429
300 77 4482
700 75 4544
100 75 4645
200 75 4385
500 75 4200
400 77 4071
300 74 4106
400 72 4150
400 77 4156
300 76 4170
300 76 4176
300 76 4203
100 72 4214
200 77 4284
100 77 4291
400 77 4295
300 73 4310
200 73 4323
400 77 4333
700 74 4345
200 76 4360
100 77 4363
200 70 4384
300 72 4393
300 75 4444
400 77 4445
200 71 4457
300 77 4461
400 77 4476
100 73 4478
400 77 4484
300 75 4494
400 76 4548
400 77 4554
400 71 4557
200 75 4558
300 75 4570
200 71 4583
300 75 4593
100 77 4632
300 77 4659
400 77 4665
300 76 4001
300 76 4003
100 72 4009
100 72 4010
400 76 4055
200 77 4060
300 76 4068
300 76 4109
400 77 4117
200 74 4127
400 77 4151
300 74 4152
400 77 4156
100 75 4206
300 72 4226
300 72 4227
300 72 4228
200 76 4230
400 77 4239
400 77 4294
200 74 4347
100 77 4363
400 77 4382
100 73 4396
400 77 4437
100 77 4465
700 73 4467
400 77 4476
400 76 4480
400 73 4507
400 77 4538
400 70 4568
400 77 4581
300 75 4586
400 77 4664
400 77 4295
200 76 4305
400 77 4479
400 77 4445
700 72 4635
200 75 4401
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTR IENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENT-AVAILABIL
NUTRIENT-CONTROL
QCOR
OOOR
ODOR
OCOR
OOOR
OOOR
OOOR
OCOR
OCOR
OCOR
ODOR
OCOR
OOOR
OOOR
OCOR
OOOR
OCOR
ODOR
ODOR
OOOR
OOOR
OCOR
OOOR
ODOR
OOOR
OOOR
ODOR
OCOR
ODOR
OCOR
OCOR
ODOR
OCOR
ODOR
OOOR
ODOR
OOOR
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTRCL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OCOR-CONTRCL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
OCOR-CONTROL
OOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-INTENSITY-ST4
OIL
OPEN-LOTS
ORGANIC-ACIDS
ORGANIC-ACIDS
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
MANURE STORAGE AREAS HELP SAVE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS' WASTE-STORAGE PUMPS NUTRIENTS ECONOH
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNO
SPREAD THE MUCK AROUND THE FARM KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NUTRIENTS f
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEOSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS R
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYHCRDS: CATTLE-HASTES LIOUID-WASTES LA
EFFECTS OF OAIRY CATTLE MANURE SOLUBLES IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES REFEEDING
RECYCLING SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAER08I
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEDIN
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEOING MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-KASTES EN
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE LAGOONS HOLD ING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAN
IOWA FARMERS FEED OR1EO POULTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-ORIEO REFEEDIN
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF MANURE SPREAD ON FROZEN GROUND KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LAND-AP
CATTLE MANURE. I EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS II. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MN, AND ZN
RE-CYCLING IS NO CURE-ALL KEYWORDS. REFEEOING FEEDLOT-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMANCE ECONOMI
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING WASTES KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLI CAT I ON CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTRCL AS RELATED TC GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOI NT-SOURCES PUBLIC
WASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWORDS' NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLI CAT I
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES SLOTTEO-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
POLLUTION RESEARCHERS FINDING MANY ANSWERS, EXPERT REPORTS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES
ODORS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYWORDS CDCR LEGAL-ASPECTS LIQUID-WASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SHINE FEEDLCT HASTEHATERS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES LIB
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
HASTEWATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DRYLOT DAIRIES KEYWORDS: CAIRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
AERATION UNDER CAGED LAYING HENS KEYHCRDS. AERATICN POULTRY-HASTES SLURRIES WASTE-COMPO
THE FARMER S VIEWPOINT, PART II - SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT SHI
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO POULTR
STATE OOOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS- WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
CONTROL OF GASES AND ODORS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYHOROS: AIR-POLLUTICN GASES ODOR LEGA
USE OF AGRICULTURE HASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS' AQUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-WASTE
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE CXIDATICN CITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHCRDS LANC-APPLICAT ICN ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPO
OOOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHCROS OCCR FEECLOTS CATTLE CILUTIONS-TO-THRESHO
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DES
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-TREA
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: OOOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SHINE-HAST
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYHCRDS: AGRICULTURE FEECLOTS WATER-POLLUT
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEECLOTS KEYWORDS' HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLO
FEEOLOT ODOR INTENSITY KEYHCRDS' ODOR FEEDLOTS CATTLE SCENTOMETER-READ INGS ODOR-CONTROL
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
ODOR COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS: ODOR FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS TEXAS-LAW NUISANCE-LAhSUITS
REGULATION OF ODORS THROUGH NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS: CDCR LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES EFFL
LEGAL POINTERS TO HELP KEEP YOUR LIVESTOCK SMELLING LIKE ROSES KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR
WHAT TO DO HITH ANIMAL HASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-CISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYHCROS' HCRSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLIC
ANALYTICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC MEASUREMENT OF ODOURS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' ODOR SAM
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYHORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INDOLES IN ANAEROBICALLY STOREC PIGGERY HASTES KEYHORDS' SHINE-HASTE
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYHOROS' CATTLE-HASTES FERMENTATION REG
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR AMMAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS' OESIG
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SHINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-HASTES
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT CF LICUIO MANURE IN1 NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR L1QUIC MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEH
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS' CO
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY HASTES KEYHOROS' POULTRY-HASTES BIOLOGICA
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
HANDLING MANURE IN THE DEEP-PIT OR HIGH RISE CAGE LAYING HOUSE KEYWORDS' DEEP-PIT-HOUSE
GOOO ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT REDUCES ODORS AND COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL HASTE-
POULTRY HASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES LAGOCNS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' CDCR-CCNTRCL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
ODORS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYWORDS' ODOR LEGAL-AS PECTS LIQUID-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE. I OXIDIZING AGENTS KEY
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA CilRYMEN KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEHENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOri INDIANA PQULTRYMEN KEYHORDS. H AS TE- TREATKENT
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GLIOELINES FOR INDIANA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-DISP
THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHOD OF ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS OCOR-CONTRCL WASTE-TRE
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEDING MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES EN
FEEDLOT OOOR CONTROL RELIES ON DRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL FEED
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AI THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL St.1
OOOR INTENSITIES AT CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS' ODOR FEEDLOTS CATTLE 01LUTI ONS-TO-THRESHO
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG HASTE KEYHCRDS RECYCLING H A STEh ATER-R ENOVA
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL HASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS hASTE-STORAGE
HIS HOGS DON T STINK KEYHORDS- CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOHA-LAH ODOR-CONTROL SHI
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANJEROBIC SHINE MANURE I! IRON COMPOUNDS KEYH
EFFECT OF DRYING CN THE LOSSES CF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
FEEDLOT OOOR INTENSITY KEYWORDS OOOR FEEDLOTS CATTLE SCENTOMETER-READ INGS OOUR-CONTROL
KEEP IT DRY KEYHOROS' FEEDLOTS OOOR-CONTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEDLCT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SWEET KEYHORDS CAIRY-HASTES WAS1E-TREATMENT HASTE-STORAGE OD
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEH PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS' SHINE-
NOH ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS' ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWINE-WASTES G-
VARIED RESULTS FROM HOG PIT DEODORIZERS KEYHORDS. COOR-CONTROL CHEMICAL-TREATMENT MASKI
ADDITIVES FOR MANURE OOCR CONTROL KEYWORDS' COCR-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATION BIOLOGICAL-TR
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS REFEEDING C*TTLE-HASTtS COMPOST
STATE OOOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS' FEEOLOTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS OOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYWORDS' RECYCLING CATTLE HASTES OIL CARBO'1-MONOXID
HOUSING HINTS KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOTS HOUSING OPEN-LOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS' ODOR GASES AIR-PCLLUTI ON SWINE-WAST
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTEC- AHKONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF HASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
49
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 75 4077
300 74 4217
100 77 4653
400 74 4051
200 74 4072
100 46 4115
100 76 4218
400 72 4303
300 73 4332
400 77 4333
200 76 4358
100 74 4562
400 70 4567
100 73 4580
500 73 4623
100 77 4349
100 76 4456
400 77 4151
300 73 4310
300 77 4426
700 76 4541
200 76 4144
200 76 4261
500 77 4088
400 76 4055
300 75 4075
300 76 4207
700 73 4331
200 77 4373
300 76 4001
100 77 4018
200 75 4026
400 77 4027
300 76 4068
400 77 4164
200 75 4225
200 76 4230
700 74 4345
200 74 4347
300 72 4393
100 73 4396
200 74 4415
400 77 4522
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
200 72 4603
200 75 4605
200 72 4640
400 73 4507
100 76 4124
400 76 4184
200 76 4172
700 72 4635
400 77 4643
100 75 4662
200 77 4062
100 75 4036
200 77 4062
100 71 4500
100 74 4326
100 76 4346
700 74 4502
100 74 4035
200 76 4073
100 76 4237
300 77 4262
400 77 4270
100 76 4425
100 76 4512
100 71 4622
100 75 4648
400 77 4388
500 77 4083
400 73 4507
100 71 4002
200 76 4053
200 77 4060
200 77 4062
500 77 4085
100 72 4154
100 76 4211
100 77 4233
300 77 4262
400 77 4314
200 76 4403
100 75 4451
200 74 4535
200 72 4603
100 71 4622
400 77 4643
300 77 4659
100 72 «010
100 74 4108
400 77 4333
100 76 4523
200 76 4172
100 75 4329
400 77 4436
400 77 4587
300 75 4029
ORGANIC-CONTENT
ORGANIC-HATTER
ORGANIC-HATTER
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-WASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-WASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORTHO-PHOSPHORUS
OVERFLOW
OVERFLOW-POND
OVERLAND-FLOH
OVERLANO-FLOH
OVERLANO-FLOH
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYHORDS: GROUNDHATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAH1NAT
AN EXPERIMENT ON DUNG REMOVAL BY APHOOIUS LARVAE SCARABAEIDAE AND EARTHWORMS KEYHORDS
MANURE KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING RECYCLING FUELS ECONOMICS CATTLE-HASTES ORGANIC-HASTES
FUEL FROM FECES KEYHOROS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYHORDS: METHANE ORGANIC-HASTES SEHAGE HORSE-HASTES RECYC
SOIL NITROGEN IX-THE EFFECTS OF LEYS AND ORGANIC MANURES ON THE AVAILABLE-N IN CLAY AND
METHANE POHER' THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEH KEYHOROS' RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-HASTES DIGESTS
USING ORGANIC HASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYHOROS: ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION
USE OF AGRICULTURE HASTES IN AOUACULTURE KEYWORDS: AOUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-HASTE
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYHORCS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC HASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYHORCS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-HASTES
HOH TO GENERATE POHER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-HAST
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
A HOMESITE POHER UNIT--METHANE GENERATOR KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES HASTE-TR
LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SHINE HASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
POULTRY HASTE GOES DOHN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYHORDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
PROJECTS IN PROGRESS SOME FEEDLOT INS AND OUTS KEYWCROS HATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS AGRIC
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF POULTRY HASTES K
OvlRLAND-FLOH-PRET OVERLAND FLOH PRETREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: OVERLAND-FLOH-PRETREATMENT POULT
OVERLAND-FLOH-TRFA OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS' OVERLAND-FLOW-TREATMENT SWIN
OVERLAND-SPRAY-IRR OVERLAND RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS HASTE-TREATMENT OVERLAND-SPRAY-IRRIGATION
OXIDATION HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
OXIDATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE
OXIDATION STATE-OF-THE-ART: SHINE HASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS: SHINE-HAS
OXIDATION AMMCNIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYHORDS- OXIDATICN FLU IDIZED-BEO-REACTOR RECYCLING D
OXIDATION AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HA
OXIDATION-DITCH DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYHORDS: DESIG
OXIDATION-DITCH EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE HASTE COMPOSITION KEY
OXICATION-OITCH RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SHINE KEYHORDS1 OXIDATION-UITCH REFEEDING SHI
OXICATION-DITCH BIRD PERFORMANCE NCT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED HASTES KEYHORDS REFEEDING OXIDATION-DIT
OXIDATION-DITCH DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
OXIDATION-DITCH JAPANESE HOGMEN BATTLE POLLUTION KEYHCROS. SHINE-HASTES POLLUTION HASTE-MANAGEMENT OX1D
OXIDATION-DITCH RECYCLING SWINE WASTE KEYHORDS SHINE-HASTES OX ICATION-0ITCH AER061C-TREATMENT ANAEROBI
OXIDATION-DITCH THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHOD Of ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL HASTE-TRE
OXICATION-DITCH AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
OXIDATION-DITCH LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SH
OXIDATION-DITCH AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYHORDS'- FEEDLOTS DES
OXIDATION-DITCH HINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL HASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE
OXIDATION-DITCH FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT STUDY IN MINNESOTA KEYHORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
OXICATION-DITCH ON STRAH AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING HASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT
OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN GXIDATICN OITCH--STAGE 2 KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES HAS
OXIDATIDN-DITCH ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL WASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WAST
DXIDATION-OITCH AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON CF FIVE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
OXIDATION-DITCH LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT—ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYHOROS: ANIMAL-HASTES LE
OXIDATION-TOHER KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SHEET KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-STORAGE 00
OXYTETRACYCLINE EFFECT Of DIETARY OXYTETRACYCLINE ON MICROORGANISMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYHORDS: DIETS OXY
PACKINGHOUSE-WASTE FEED GRAIN SUPPLIES, USE OF WASTES AS FEED INGREDIENTS DETAILED AT CONFERENCE KEYHORDS
PACKING-PLANT-HAST LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYHORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL 6LOOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
PALATABILITY BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
PALATABILITY ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES CATTLE FEED COSTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REFE
PAPER-PULP THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES STRAH
PARAFORMALDEHYDE PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS' REFEEOING PATHOGE
PARASITES REARING AND RELEASE OF THE HOUSE FLY PUPAL PARASITE SPALANGIA ENDIUS WALKER KEYWORDS: F
PARASITES PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYHOROS: KEFEEOING PATHOGE
PARASITES SOME EFFECTS DF THE AMBIENT ARTHROPOD COMPLEX ON THE DENSITY AND POTENTIAL PARASITIZATI
PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS ASSOCIATED HITH POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL PARASITO
PARASITOIDS TABULAR KEYS C. BIOLOGICAL NOTES TO COMMON PARASITOIOS CF SYNANTHROPIC OIPTERA BREEDING
PARTICLE-SIZE THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
PASTURES SUCCESSION AND ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN PASTURE MANURE RELATIONSHIP TC FACE FLY SURVIVAL
PASTURES IMPACT OF HATCHERY WASTEWATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM DUALITY KEYHORDS: HATCH
PASTURES VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE HASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES CATTLE-HAST
PASTURES CAN CITY SEHAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHOROS: RECYCLING SEHAGE LANO-APPLICA
PASTURES COMBAT CATTLE FLIES HITH THESE HEAPONS KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL PASTURES FEEDLOTS FEED-ADD
PASTURES GROUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-QUALITY
PASTURES THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCRETA UNDER INTENSIVE CATTLE GRAZING KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HAS
PASTURES THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
PASTURES THE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYHORDS' PASTURES MAN
PASTURE 2,057 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION LIOUI
PASTURE-CONTAMINAT HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL HASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYHOR
PASVEER-OXIDATION- KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SHEET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE 00
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INTO THE EFFECT OF CATTLE MANURE ON FASCIOLA HEPATICA EGGS KEYWORD
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HA
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEOING KEYWORDS: CO
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL HASTE REFEEDING KEYHORDS: REFEEDING PATHOGE
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI PATHOGEN SURVIVAL IN SOILS RECEIVING HASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL MICROORGANISMS PATHO
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI ISOLATION OF ERYSIPELOTHRI X RHUSIOPATHIAE FROM SOIL AND MANURE OF SWINE-RAISING PREMISE
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI FEEDLOT MANURE TOP DRESSING FOR IRRIGATED PASTURE GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OR A HEAL
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI STUDIES ON THE VIABILITY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA DURING SHORT-TIME-COMPOSTING OF POULTRY
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPLICATION SY
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL HATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEDLOT HASTE KEYHORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-HASTES FEED
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL HASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HAST
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COL I AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES CATTLE FEED COSTS KEYHOROS: POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REFE.
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT"
PATHOGENIC- POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
PATHOGENS POULTRY HASTES AS FEEOSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER HAST
PATHOGENS USE OF AGRICULTURE HASTES IN AOUACULTURE KEYHORDS: AOUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-HASTE
PATHOGENS THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCOBACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
PAUNCH-MANURE LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYHORCS: LAND-DISPOSAL BLOOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
PAUNCH-MANURE USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE "l N RUMINANT DIETS KEYHORDS' PAUNCH-MANURE REFEEDING SHEEP C
PAUNCH-MANURE THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYHORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-HASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHHORMS
PAUNCH-MANURE COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYHORDS' COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-HASTES P
PERCOLATION CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND. VOLUME I—A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
600
400
100
100
100
100
200
400
200
100
200
200
200
400
100
100
400
100
100
100
200
300
300
100
400
100
100
100
400
100
400
400
400
100
100
400
400
400
100
400
200
300
2UO
400
100
100
100
300
400
100
100
100
200
600
400
300
200
100
100
400
300
100
400
100
300
100
400
400
200
400
700
100
400
400
200
400
100
700
100
100
400
500
200
200
200
300
300
200
200
300
100
100
100
200
100
100
100
400
100
100
74
77
77
77
76
75
75
77
76
77
77
77
77
77
76
76
76
77
77
77
76
75
76
77
77
76
76
76
77
72
77
77
77
76
77
77
77
77
75
77
77
76
76
77
77
74
74
77
77
76
76
77
72
77
74
74
77
77
77
77
72
73
76
72
72
77
77
73
77
75
75
77
76
72
77
76
72
77
76
77
77
77
77
77
75
76
•77
76
77
75
75
76
77
77
72
75
77
76
69
4013
4014
4018
4019
4020
4022
4026
4027
4034
4041
4057
4059
4061
4070
4098
4101
4141
4145
4146
4148
4185
4187
4194
4208
4215
4223
4235
4237
4239
4249
4255
4257
4258
4288
4290
4293
4300
4314
4329
4333
4335
4357
4367
4371
4372
4374
4376
4379
4380
4387
4389
4399
4400
4407
4410
4412
4415
4418
4419
4431
4449
4475
4488
4497
4501
4508
4516
4526
4533
4537
4544
4564
4571
4576
4603
4609
4631
4635
4636
4639
4664
4080
4276
4277
4278
4029
4030
4063
4129
4262
4395
4645
4375
4373
4632
4007
4205
4212
4456
4460
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERMITS
PERMITS
PERMITS
PERMITS
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PETRIELLIDIUM-BOVO
PETROCHEMICALS
PHENOLS
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM GRAIN RECONSTITUTED HITH EXCREMENT FROM FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWO
EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ECON
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE HASTE COMPOSITION KEY
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAMBS KEYWORDS'- REFEEDING SH
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYHO
PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY METABOLISM OF STEERS FED A CONCENTRATE OR ROUGHAGE DIET IN CONVE
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SHINE KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEOING SHI
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING OXIDAT ION-DIT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH PERFORMANCE CF TURKEYS KEYWORDS: TURKEYS PERFORM
THE LAYING PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF HENS OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED POULTRY MA
SEMINAR ON FEEOLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS; REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
USE nF WASTE FROM OPEN FEEDLOTS FOR FATTENING, GROWING AND MAINTENANCE RATIONS KEYWORD
FORMULATING AND MILLING FEEDS CONTAINING MANURE FROM OPEN FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED WASTE-COMPO
COMPLETE RATIONS FOR DAIRY CATTLE. VII. DRIED POULTRY HASTE FOR LACTATING COWS KEYWORDS
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATT
HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS: HOUSING SLATTED-FLOORS
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
COMPOSITION OF CORN PLANT ENSILED WITH EXCRETA OR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED HASTELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED WAST
REFEEDING OF AERATED POULTRY WASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS' AERATION REFEEOING POULTRY
FEEDING VALUE OF EXCRETA-STOVER SILAGE AND CORN RESIDUE FOR BEEF COHS KEYWORDS' REFEEDI
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS R
FERMENTATION, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER EN
PELL5TED POULTRY LITTER ECONOMICAL CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDING CATT
EFFECTS OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SCLUBLES IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES REFEEDING
RECYCLING OF SWINE MANURE BY SELECTED FISHES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-WASTES FISH PERF
VALUE OF LIQUID CATTLE WASTE TO ESTABLISHED GRASSES KEYWORDS: LIQU10-WASTES CATTLE-WAST
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEOING MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES EN
THE GROWTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LOW-PROTEIN DIETS CONTAINING TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE, DI
BROILER WASTES GOOD PRCTEIN SOURCE KEYWORDS: REFEEC1NG POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMAN
IOWA FARMERS FEED DRIED POULTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED REFEEDIN
RECYCLING SOLVES HASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING CATTLE-HASTES P
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOHN IN MANURE KEYWORD
LCNG-TERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A PCLYCHLORINATED BIPH
FEEDLOT WASTE WORKS [N GROWING RATION TEST KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES DEHYDRATION ENSILING
RE-CYCLING IS NO CURE-ALL KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEEOLCT-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMANCE ECONOHI
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS' REFEEUING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUK PATHOGENIC
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE [N RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS: PAUNCH-MANURE REFEEDING SHEEP C
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS'. AQUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGANIC-HASTE
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLOWER HULLS WITH POULTRY LITTER AND SUNFLOHER HULL
EXPERIMENTS IN RECYCLING SWINE MANURE IN FISHPONDS KEYWCROS' SWINE-HASTES FISH-FEEDING
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEDLOT FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS' FLY-CONTROL FEEDLOT
A NEW COSCEPI OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FCR BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
NUTRITIONAL VALUE GF CATTLE WASTE FCR CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES HASTELAG
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE WASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS
WINTERING BROOD COWS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER- RESEARCHER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PO
EXPOSURE OF LAM8S TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA KEYWORDS: SHEEP ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION AM
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE KEYWORDS' ENSILING CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING CATT
UTILIZATION OF CATTLE EXCREMENT FOR GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE OF BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: RE
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS- REFEECING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
EFFECT OF CORN STOVER SILAGE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED HIT)- NITROGEN FROM POULTRY EXCRETA ON 0
POULTRY HASTE--NITROGEN F0*t LACTATING DAIRY COHS KEYWORDS' REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTE S-DRI
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS. CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
FIVE-YEAR BEEF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT STUCY IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOT
LAMB PERFORMANCE ON CAGE HEN MANURE ENSILED HITH CORRUGATED CARDBOARD KEYHOROS: REFEEDI
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED PCULTRY MANURE SILAGE ON BROILER CUCK GROWTH KE
GOOD GAINS ON POULTRY HASTE, HIGH FIBER DIET KEYWCRCS: POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED REFEEDING N
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FCR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROWTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NCN-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYHOROS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-OR1ED CATTLE S
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYHORDS' POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING DIGESTI
SODIUM LEVELS IN BEEF CATTLE FINISHING RATIONS AS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRAT
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
MILO-MANURE SLURRY BEATS RECONSTITUTING KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES CATTLE PERFOR
WHAT'S HOUSING REALLY WORTH KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSING FLOORS ECONOMICS PERFORM
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF CATTLE MANURES IN DRYLOT FEEDING KEYWORDS' REFEEDING
DRIED CATTLE WASTE CAN STRETCH SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE PERFORMANCE CATT
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SWINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS' SWINE OR INK ING-HATER
A PLACE FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS. REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT—OPTIONS FOR CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYHOROS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSI
ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL WASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WAST
WET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-HASTE
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- APNON1ATEO ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
A COMPARISON ON PH-CDNTROLLED AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN- CONTROLLED NUTRIENT ADDITION FOR TH
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS — A REVIEW KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES-DR
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYHORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF HASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
FEDERAL LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYHOROS'- LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS PERMITS HATER-POLL
STATUS OF ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK WASTE REGULATIONS KEYHOROS' ILLINOIS-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS PER
CASE STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLOT OPERATIONS AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR PRIV
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND: VOLUME I--A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND. VOLUME II — AN OVERVIEW KEYHORDS^ AGRICULTURAL
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS: REFEECING FEED-ADD ITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
NONPOINT SOURCES: STSTE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS.' WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNO
CAN CITY SEHAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYHCRDS RECYCLING SEWAGE LANO-APPLICA
A MODEL FOR RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS' MODEL-STUDIES A,
HATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYHORDS' WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
THE DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETRI ELL IDIUM BOYDII SHEAR HALLOCH, A POTENTIA
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS' CATTLE-HA
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INDCLES IN ANAEROBICALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTE
HATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND PRELIMINA
HASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYHORDS: FISH-HASTES
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES LA
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, HINTE
51
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 77 4470
300 72 4107
400 77 4169
400 77 4328
300 75 4434
100 77 446B
400 77 4553
400 71 4173
100 72 4006
100 72 4010
100 72 4012
100 77 4018
300 76 4028
100 76 4049
200 74 4052
300 76 4067
400 77 4070
300 75 4077
500 77 4079
300 76 4099
100 77 4145
200 76 4185
200 76 4186
500 75 4196
500 75 4197
500 75 4198
300 74 4217
200 73 4250
300 74 4266
700 70 4268
200 77 4274
100 76 4306
400 76 4316
100 76 4377
200 75 4401
300 77 4423
30C 75 4429
400 77 4439
100 76 4452
100 76 4481
300 77 4482
100 77 4483
100 74 4489
100 75 4490
100 75 4491
100 76 4496
100 73 4513
400 77 4522
400 77 4525
400 75 4531
200 76 4551
100 77 4573
400 70 4575
100 73 4580
400 77 4587
100 75 4589
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
100 77 4599
100 76 4600
100 76 4601
100 75 4604
100 77 4628
100 76 4639
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 76 4656
300 76 4109
100 72 4008
100 72 4010
200 75 4026
200 74 4072
500 75 4200
100 74 4562
100 73 4131
300 77 4301
300 76 4355
200 77 4422
300 77 4423
200 76 4433
300 74 4453
100 75 4490
700 76 4545
300 75 4586
100 75 4589
300 75 4593
300 76 4595
100 76 4634
100 77 4636
100 77 4470
100 77 4365
400 77 4411
100 16 4045
100 76 4232
400 77 4443
100 75 4590
400 77 4202
500 77 4080
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORIC-ACID
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPI-ORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PrOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PFOSPFORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PFOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPFORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIE
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH-BUFFERING-CAPAC
PIPE-SIZE
PITS
PLANT-TISSUES
PLASHA-CONCENTRATI
PLASTIC-PIT-LINER
PLAYAS
PLOHING-TECHNIQUES
PCIHF-SOURCES
POINT-SOURCES
POINT-SOURCES
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
MANURING OF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLAND ANIMAL-WASTE
HOW MUCH MANURE SHOULD HE PUT ON KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
DAIRY HASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIOUID
MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WASTES HA
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE GARD
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICALi CHEM
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES 6IOL
ACCUMULATION Or NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-WA
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-APPLICA
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON WASTE CHAPACTER1STICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIEO WASTE-COMPO
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS «S A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE LAND APPLICATION OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
REFEEDING OF AERATED POULTRY WASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION REFEEOING POULTRY
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS' WATER-POL
TRANSPORT IN STREAMS KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION POLLUTANT-SOURCES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS AG
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNOWATER-POLL
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS' GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINAT
SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTE
RECYCLE SOLID ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NITR
CATTLE MANURE. I EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS. II RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, Hli, AND ZN
CROPPING PRACTICES CN ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS' CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
AN EVALUATION CF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
WHAT'S MANURE WORTH AS A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-PRODUCTION-RATE FE
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS W
MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYWORDS: AN I HAL-WASTES LAND-APPLI CAT I ON CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION C
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAK TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—OUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
NUTRIENT, BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AS A bY-PRODUCT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KE
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. I HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1976-1974 II EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974. III. EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-S
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA FEEDLOT-WASTES CROP-RES
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF |T WERE VALUABLE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS' FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MA-JURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS' CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STOR
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION OEHYDRA
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS; ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
COMPOSTING CONVERTS WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS' COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-WASTES P
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE I KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES WAS
OENITRIFICATION OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTE
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WAS
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYWORDS' WATERSHEDS WATER-POLLUT
EFFECT OF LONG TERM MANURING ON THE SCIL PHOSPHATE POTENTIAL IN CALCAREOUS SOIL AND ITS
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS — A REVIEW KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-OR
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIKAL MANURES KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE L
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIOUID MANUR
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SWINE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEDING SWI
FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYWCRCS: NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATI
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS' BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-WASTES
THE ROLES OF AMMONIA, HATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLAC I DAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS' REFEEOING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SWINE FECAL WASTE WITH GHOUNC CRCHAROGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
MICROFLORA OF ENSILED MANURE-BLENDED FEED, CORN AND SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS' ENSILING
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATICN, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS W
HILLE COMPOST TANK — A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENTS MADE CN STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974, II EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
ADDITIVES FOft MANURE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATION 8 IOLOGICAL-TR
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM MIDWEST BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS. FEEDLOTS
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH--STAGE I KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
CONTROLLED ADDITION OF ANIMAL WASTE TO AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANTS A COMPARISON
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYWORDS' AN IMAL-WASTES SAW
A COMPARISON ON PH-.CONTROLLED AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN- CONTROLLED NUTRIENT ADDITION FOR TH
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
HEAD LOSS OF BEEF MANURE SLURRY FLOW IN POLYVINYLCHLORIOE PIPE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
HAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAJ
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION CF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES L
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWORDS. SHEEP REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-D
NEW WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWOKDS: WASTE-COLLECTIOM WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLCTS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD WITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' LIQUID-WASTES S
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
THE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS. WATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED--QUANTIT1ES, PROCESSES, AND
52
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300
100
300
300
700
100
300
500
500
100
400
300
200
200
100
100
300
300
400
400
500
300
300
400
100
400
100
100
100
200
400
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
100
100
100
200
300
300
500
300
100
200
100
300
200
200
100
300
400
100
100
100
100
400
400
100
100
300
300
100
200
200
100
400
100
400
500
300
100
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
300
100
200
100
700
200
100
400
400
200
200
100
100
100
400
400
100
4CO
77
76
73
77
71
75
77
75
75
75
77
73
71
76
74
75
75
76
72
77
75
76
72
71
75
76
77
77
74
73
71
72
77
71
77
77
77
70
72
72
77
74
76
75
77
76
77
76
76
74
73
77
76
77
77
76
74
76
73
77
75
77
73
75
76
77
75
76
75
77
77
77
77
74
77
72
77
76
76
77
72
77
77
If
74
72
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
74
71
73
77
76
77
77
4463
4591
4392
4482
4139
4585
4510
4196
4197
4626
4164
4209
4298
4551
4559
4642
4029
4030
4114
4123
4196
4251
4393
4413
4451
4477
4290
4464
4376
4397
4557
4107
4169
4173
4212
4328
4553
4575
4006
4010
4018
4052
4067
4077
4090
4097
4145
4186
4213
4217
4250
4274
4306
4423
4439
4481
4489
4512
4513
4522
4531
4573
4580
4593
4594
4628
4650
4651
4206
4027
4041
4070
4080
4152
4244
4249
4273
4269
4367
4372
4400
4419
4449
4475
4506
4508
4545
4616
4639
4343
4056
4062
4065
4108
4122
4131
4143
4 Itj6
4208
4215
POINT-SOURCES
POINT-SOURCES
POLLUTANTS
POLLUTANTS
POLLUTANT-IOENTIF1
POLLUTANT-IDENTIFI
POLLUTANT-MOVEMENT
POLLUTANT-SOURCES
POLLUTANT-SOURCES
POLLUTANT-SOURCES
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
POLLUT ION
POLLU1 ION
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
POLLUT ION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLLUT I ON-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
PCLLLIT ION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLLUT ION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
PCLYCFLORINATED-BI
PCLYSACCHARIDES
PONDS
PCNCS
PONDS
POTASH
PCTASH
POTASh
POTASH
POTASH
PCTASH
PCTASH
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASS IUM
PCTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS IUM
POTASSIUM
PCTASSIUM
PCTASS IUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS IUM
PCTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM-PERMANGA
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
PCULTRY
POULTRY
PCULTRY
POULTRY
POUL TRY
PCULTRY
POULTRi'
PCULTRY
POULTRY
PCUL TRY-FARM
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L I TTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L IITER
HATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWORDS: FARM-PONDS HATER-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNO
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION KEYHOR
NUTRIENTt BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-HATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
VARIATION IN THE DENSITY OF POLLUTION INDICATOR BACTERIA IN THE COTTONHOOD RIVER AS REL
MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES P
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND HATER TABLES FROM SWINE WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SH
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, HASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: HATER-POL
TRANSPORT IN STREAMS KEYWORDS. HATER-POLLUTION POLLUTANT-SOURCES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS AG
A SUMMARY OF THE BIOGEOCHEHI STR Y OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN GROUND HATER KEYWORDS: GROUND
JAPANESE HOGMEN BATTLE POLLUTION KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES POLLUTION HASTE-MANAGEMENT OXID
SWINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY HASTE CHARACTERIZATION ANC MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES
TOWARD THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' DESIGN MANAGEMENT E
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS' CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INTENSITY LIVESTOCK PROOUCTI
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CRCPLANC. VOLUME I—A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND: VOLUME II—AN OVERVIEW KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IS NOT AN EXPENSIVE ITEM: LINDER KEYWORDS: POLLUTION-CONTROL
COMPOSTING MAKES MANURE HANDLING EASY KEYWORDS' COMPOSTING CATTLE-WASTES HINOROHS AERAT
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, WASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS' HATER-POL
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAN
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS OES
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS: F
THE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
FEEDLOT PAYS PENALTY KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEOLOTS IOWA-LAW POLLUTIO
LONG-TERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COHS FED A POLYCHLORINATED BIPH
CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS' ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TR
WHAT TO DO WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS' HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
MANURING CF PERMANENT MEADOWS 1962-70 KEYWORDS: LAND-A PPL I CAT I ON GRASSLAND ANIMAL-HASTE
HOW MUCH MANURE SHOULD WE PUT ON KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
LIQUID MANURE CAN SERVE AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES LA
DAIRY WASTE — FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WASTES WA
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE GARD
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LICUIC MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-APPLICA
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS CN WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS' FEED
STATUS CF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PCNDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
DILUTION OF FEEOLOT RUNCFF KEYWORDS' LANO-APPLICAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATI
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNOWATER-POLLUTI ON SO 1L-CONTAMINAT
SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTE
CROPPING PRACTICES CN ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS' CROP-PRCDUCTION FORAGES LANO-A
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS H
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYHOROS'. LAND-APPL I CAT I ON SO I L-IN J EC T I ON C
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SORGHUM LEAVES AND GRAIN AS INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1676-1974 I HISTORY OF THE FIELD, DETAILS
TI-E SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCRETA UNDER INTENSIVE CATTLE GRAZING KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WAS
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT WERE VALUABLE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS' FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STOR
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS' ORGAN IC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE P
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE I KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION OITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES HAS
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS' SLURRIES L1VESTCCK-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE L
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAERUBIC SWINE MANURE. I OXIDIZING AGENTS KEY
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OX I DATlON-DIT
THE IAYING PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF HENS OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED POULTRY MA
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED HASTE-COMPO
ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRO
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR PCULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS POULTRY-HASTES FERMENTATION
THE GROWTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LCH-PROTEIN DIETS CONTAINING TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE, 01
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS' WASTE-TREATMENT MCTHANE REFEEUING CATTL
A NEW CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FOR BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CRUDE-PROTEINS PERFORM
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED AMD NON-FERMENTED POULTRY MANURE SILAGE ON BROILER CHICK GROHTH KE
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROHTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NCN-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE—PRESENT STATUS ANC TRENDS KEYWORDS' PRODUCTION SHINE PO
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
EFFECTS OF POULTRY DUST ON PERFORMANCE OF A THERMOSIPHCN HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM KEYHORDS
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS—A REVIEH KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES-DR
AUTOMATIC FLY CONTROL KEYHOROS. FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-FARM ACCUDOSE-R AEROSOLS PYRETHRINS
BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYWORDS' ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PATHOGE"
PRESERVATION AND REFEEDING POULTRY WASTE TD CATTLE KEYWORDS' REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER C
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF USED LITTER ON SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TRANSMISSION IN THE CHICKEN
THE ROLES OF AMMONIA, WATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLAC I DAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
MORE INTEREST EVIDENT IN POULTRY LITTER AS LESS COSTLY, MORE AVAILABLE FERTILIZER KEYHO
RECYCLING OF LITfER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS' POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
FERMENTATION, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABIL1TY OF BROILER LITTER EN
PELLETED POULTRY LITTER ECONOMICAL CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS' POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDING CATT
53
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 72 4247
300 77 4301
100 77 4372
500 75 4408
400 77 4473
400 77 4643
100 75 4592
300 76 4001
400 76 4005
100 72 4006
300 75 4029
200 76 4033
100 75 4036
100 76 4044
100 76 4045
100 76 4046
200 77 4057
300 76 4068
100 75 4095
400 77 4103
300 74 4106
100 74 4108
400 77 4117
300 75 4120
100 76 4124
200 76 4144
400 77 4151
400 77 4153
400 77 4179
400 76 4184
200 76 4185
500 75 4200
100 76 4201
100 72 4214
400 74 4220
200 74 4221
100 76 4224
300 72 4227
100 77 4233
100 76 4238
400 76 4241
100 77 4244
700 72 4245
200 73 4250
400 77 4255
400 77 4258
100 76 4289
100 77 4291
400 77 4292
400 76 4299
100 76 4306
100 74 4326
200 77 4335
400 77 4342
700 74 4345
100 77 4350
400 77 4380
100 73 4396
400 77 4406
600 4407
500 75 4408
400 77 4411
100 77 4417
100 77 4418
100 77 4419
100 75 4420
100 77 4421
100 76 4446
300 77 4449
100 69 4460
700 73 4467
400 77 4473
100 76 4497
400 77 4515
400 77 4520
400 77 4522
400 77 4524
400 73 4528
400 77 4530
700 76 4541
100 75 4560
700 72 4561
400 71 4569
400 77 4571
400 70 4575
100 76 4602
100 75 4607
100 75 4608
400 77 4609
200 76 4619
100 76 4631
200 75 4641
200 75 4650
100 76 4654
300 77 4655
100 74 4661
100 73 4666
100 77 4019
100 76 4020
100 77 4041
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
PCULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
PCULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
PGULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
PCULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTP.Y-H4STES-DRI
POULTRV-HASTES-DRI
TOKIGENIC FUNGI FROM POULTRY FEED AND UTTER KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER FUNGI FEEDS TOXIN
NUTRMWE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING H
A NEH CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FOR BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETAMY KEYHORDS: GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
FEEING POULTRY UTTER CHORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES OATTLE FEED COSTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REEE
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYHOROS: POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS: DES1G
BACTERIAL SPRAY ON MANURE INEFFECTIVE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: BACTERIAL-SPRAY FLY-CONT
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE GARO
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME I—A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDR
REARING ANO RELEASE OF THE HOUSE FLY PUPAL PARASITE SPALANGIA ENOIUS WALKER KEYWORDS: F
ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A COASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED WIH POULTRY MANURE KEYHOR
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES L
EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE ADDITIONS CN THE EXTRACTABILITY OF AN ADDED METAL KEYWORDS: PO
SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS: REFE6DING LIVESTOCK
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY HASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIDLOGICA
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS: MATHEMAT
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-WASTES M
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEOSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
HANDLING MANURE IN THE DEEP-PIT OR HIGH RISE CAGE LAYING HOUSE KEYWORDS: DEEP-PIT-HOUSE
POULTRY MANURE FOR FIELD CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION
EFFECT OF DIETARY OXYTETRACYCLINE ON HICROORGANI SMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYWORDS: DIETS OXY
OVERLAND FLOW PRETREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: OVERLAND-FLOH-PRETREATMENT POBLT
POULTRY HASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS: PDULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
FLY CONTROL THAT COSTS ALMOST NOTHING KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL LARVICIDES COSTS POULTRY-WA
FEED GRAIN SUPPLIES, USE OF WASTES AS FEED INGREDIENTS DETAILED AT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS:
REFEEOING OF AERATED POULTRY HASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYHORDS: AERATION REFEEDING POULTRY
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT HUH NUTRIENT CONTROL KEYHORDS: NUTRIENT-CONTROL LAND-APPLICATI
INCLUSION OF LIVESTOCK FECES INTO CORN SILAGE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES
AERATION UNDER CAGED LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION POULTRY-HASTES SLURRIES HASTE-COMPO
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING HASTELAGE RUMINAN
METHANE RECOVERY FROM POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY PREVIOUS APPLICATIONS OF POULTRY MAN
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT
STUDIES ON THE VIABILITY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA DURING SHORT-TIME-COMPOSTING OF POULTRY
DETERMINATION OF VANILMANDELIC ACID IN PIG URINE AND CHICKEN FECES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMA
THE HEDGING OF CLUCK ANO MOO KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FERMENTATION
SIMULATION OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION-R
SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER 1^} USING ANIMAL MANURES FOR FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTE
BROILER WASTES GOOD PROTEIN SOURCE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE PERFDRMAN
RECYCLING SOLVES WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES P
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS- APPLICATION TO POULTR
ENRICHED POULTRY MANURE AS A BALANCED FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FERTILIZERS R
ENERGY ANO RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BEEF CAITLE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEE
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED HITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS ASSOCIATED HITH POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL PARASITO
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLOHER HULLS WITH POULTRY LITTER ANO SUNFLOWER HULL
C+P* St T<- i= -N OR WHY POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU MONEY KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES PO
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYHOROS: POU
DRYING CAGED LAYER WASTE KEYHOROS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-WASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION H
WINTERING BROOD COHS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER- RESEARCHER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PO
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL HASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: HASTE-STORAGE
CONTROLLING FLIES WITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES HAS
EFFECT OF CORN STOVER SILAGE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH NITROGEN FROM POULTRY EXCRETA ON 0
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYHORDS: GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
HAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES CN CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA KEYWORDS:
LAMB PERFORMANCE ON CAGE HEN MANURE ENSILED WITH CORRUGATED CARDBOARD KEYWORDS: REFEEDI
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED POULTRY MANURE SILAGE ON BROILER CHICK GROHTH KE
A STUDY CN THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC MANURES AND THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON ITS
EFFECT OF INCLUDING ENSILED BROILER-HOUSE UTTER IN THE RATIONS OF SHEEP ON THE DIGESTI
EXAMINATION OF POULTRY LITTER FOR SALMONELLAE BY DIRECT CULTURE AND FLUORESCENT ANTI60D
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENSIT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, WINTE
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
FEEDING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING DIGESTI
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-WASTES HEATING RECY
PROFITS FROM MANURE-HORKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURFACE-MINED-LANDS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEW
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION DEEP-PIT-HOUSES STERILIZATI
BACTERIA POWER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN IOHA KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES RECYCLING
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF POULTRY HASTES K
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUT
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED HITH DOMESTIC SE
POHER-HAROLD BATE AND HIS MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED CAR KEYHORCS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCL
A PLACE FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS.' REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE UASTEUATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYHORDS:
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
THE USE OF RESP1ROHETRIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE ttICOEGRADABILITY OF DIFFERENT COMPON
HET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF A POULTRY MANURE DEHYDRATING MACHINE KEYHORDS: DEHYDRATION PO
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIOUID-HASTE-
RECYCL1NG AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING LIVE
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC-DIGE STI ON SWINE-WASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON WHEAT STRAW ANO CHICKE
STUDIES ON POULTRY MANURE IN RELATION TO VEGETABLE PROD UCT [ON I I POTATO KE YHOROS'. POUL
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAHBS KEYWORDS REFEEDING SH
ncuvnorcn aonriFB FXTRFTA VFRSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NI1ROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYHO
?HE LAYING PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAPS OF HENS OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING DR.ED POULTRY HA
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200
400
100
LOO
400
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
400
400
400
100
100
200
400
400
100
400
100
400
100
100
700
400
100
400
300
200
200
200
400
200
400
400
100
100
400
100
400
200
100
100
100
100
200
200
500
500
500
100
100
400
400
100
400
300
100
100
100
400
100
300
200
100
400
100
200
700
200
100
200
400
400
200
300
400
300
400
300
200
300
200
300
400
200'
100
400
200
100
100
300
100
100
300
300
700
77
77
76
77
77
71
77
76
76
76
73
72
77
77
75
76
77
72
77
77
72
73
72
76
76
71
76
76
74
77
76
76
74
76
77
71
77
77
77
76
77
74
77
72
77
74
75
75
76
77
77
77
77
76
76
77
77
77
74
77
76
76
77
77
76
73
76
77
77
76
75
73
75
75
74
76
72
76
76
77
75
77
76
74
76
77
76
74
75
75
76
75
75
75
74
75
76
75
72
75
4063
4070
4098
4146
4159
4173
4210
4232
4234
4236
4248
4249
4253
4257
4313
4325
4348
4400
4410
4431
4475
4488
4508
4539
4639
4500
4545
4096
4035
4609
4207
4403
4506
4185
4255
4457
4382
444 1
4464
4497
4522
4562
4571
4603
4632
4344
4137
4577
4053
4064
4079
4083
4093
4104
4105
4149
4171
4210
4220
4262
4288
4289
4290
4314
4375
4392
4403
4424
4448
4523
4542
4555
4641
4645
4667
4480
4383
4614
4109
4113
4505
4343
4004
4072
4207
4373
4435
4511
4558
4584
4055
4558
4645
4648
4366
4395
4104
4029
4501
4544
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRl
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
PGULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRl
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
PCULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DKI
PCULTRY-HASTES-ORI
PCULTRY-HASTES-OR I
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRl
PCULTRY-HASTES-OR I
PCULTRY-HASTES-DRI
PCULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTE-FAUN
POWER-REQUIREMENTS
PRECIPITATION
PREDATORS
PRESERVATIVES
PRETREATMENT
PRETREATHENT
PRODUCTION
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTE INS
PROTEIN
PROTE IN
PROTE IN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTE IN
PROTE IN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN-OEGRADATIO
PROTEIN-PRCDUCTION
PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS
PROTEOLYTIC-ANAERO
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBL IC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PU6L IC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBL IC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PU6L IC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUMPDCWN
PUMPING
PUMPING
PUMPS
PUMPS
PUMPS
PYRETHRINS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
RABBIT-HASTES
RACETRACK-PITS
RACE-TRACKS
RADIOACTIVITY
RAINFALL
RAINFALL-EVAPORATI
RAINFALL-RUNOFF-RE
RANGELANO
RANGLANDS
RATIONS
RAH-HASTES
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYHORDS: REFEEDING FEEO-AODITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLEt SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED HASTE-COMPO
COMPLETE RATIONS FOP DAIRY CATTLE VII. DRIED POULTRY HASTE FOR LACTATING COHS KEYWORDS!
COMPOSITION OF CORN PLANT ENSILED H1TH EXCRETA OR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT
INTEREST IN DPH APPEARS TO HAVE SUBSIDED KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED RECYCLING REFEE
A POLLUTION SOLUTION HITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYHCRDS: DEHYDRAT I ON POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED RE
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGAHOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-0
DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT FOP BEEF CATTLE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFE
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEDIN
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND THE META80LI SABLE ENERGY VALUE OF EIGHT SA
THE GROHTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LOU-PROTEIN DIETS CONTAINING TRIAMHONIUM CITRATE, 01
CATTLE FEEDING GAINS REPORTED GCOD ON MISSISSIPPI COMPANY'S POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POU
IOHA FARMERS FEED DRIED POULTRY HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS- POULTRY-WA'3ES-DPI£0 REFEEDIN
OPH VALUE AS ANIMAL FEED SEEN REACHING 100 A TCN KEYWORDS: PEFEEOINC POULTRY-HASTES-DR
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING COPPE
AVAILABLE AMINO ACIO CONTESI AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DP I EO POULTRY MANURE KEY
RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HAS TES-Oft I ED ''.? UDE-^ROTE I NS PERFORM
POULTRY HASTE—NITROGEN FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS KEYHOROS: PEFEED1HG POULTRY-WASTES-OR!
GOOD GAINS ON POULTRY WASTE, HIGH FIBER DIET KEYHCRCS: POULTRY-KASTEG-DRIEO REFEEDING N
EFFECTS ON CHICK GROHTH OF ADDING VARIOUS NGN-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES OR DRIED AUTOCLA
RUMINANTS AMD PIGS AP.E THE 8EST USERS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DR I ED CATTLE S
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
MCNALLY TURNS OUT A UNIFORM HIGH-QUALITY DPH KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PQULTfiY-WASTES-ORI ED F
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS — A REVIEH KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DR
SOME EFFECTS OF THE AMBIENT ARTHROPOD COMPLEX ON THE DENSITY AND POTENTIAL PAP.A SI TI Z A-TI
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
EPA HILL USE KSU MODEL AS WASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS: HATER-QUALITY-INDEX COMP
SUCCESSION AND ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS IN PASTURE MANURE RELATIONSHIP TO FACE FLY SURVIVAL
WET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
STATE-OF-THE-ART SHINE WASTE PRODUCTION ANC PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYHORDS: SHINE-WAS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPLICATION SY
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE — PRESENT STATUS AND TRENDS KEYWORDS: PRODUCTION SWINE PO
REFEEDING OF AERATED POULTRY HASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION REFEEDING POULTRY
BROILER WASTES GOOD PROTEIN SOURCE KEYWORDS: PEFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMAN
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEOLOTS HATER-POLLUT
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING HASTEWATER-RENOVA
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AGENT IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE THAT INHIBITS TH
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYHCRDS: POULTRY-HASTES P.EFEEOIHG DIGESTI
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE--FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING CONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-HASTES
A PLACE FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
ROLE OF RECYCLED L4RGE ANIMAL WASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' LIGUID-HAST
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INDGLES II* ANAEROBICALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS. SWINE-WASTE
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: AN I«II.-HASTES SUBSTRATES P
CHANGES IN MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEHLQT WASTE KITH CORN KEYWORDS
MICROFLORA OF NEWLY CUT GRASS 4FTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-HASTES A
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL HASTES I'EYWGRDS: LA NU-APPL I CAT I ON ANIMAL-HA
PROVISIONS OF STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS ON REFEEDING KEYWORDS' REFEEOING LEGAL-ASPE
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS.' WASTE-MANAGEMENT L ANU-^PPL 1C AT I ON ANIM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRlALf AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LANO KEYHOR
WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AMMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT K
WATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON A GEMIARIO WATERSHED IN S- E. UTAH KEY
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS' MA.JURE-PITS GASES TOXICITY HYDPOGEN-S
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION ANC ORGANQLEPTIC QUALITY 0
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOP RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING WASTELAGE RUMINAN
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLINC SEHAGE LAND-APPLICA
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN 1*4 MANURE K.EYHORD
ACCUMULATION ANO EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLOPINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
LONG-IERM STUDIES OF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A PCLYCHLORINATED BIPH
MORE ON MANURE KEYHOROS: REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IKON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
THE DEVELOPMENT IN 3EEF CATTLE MANURE OF PETPI ELL ID1UM 8CYOII SHEAR MALLOCH, A POTENTIA
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION KEYHOR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LANO APPLICATION SY
ANALYZING NITRATES IN HELL HATER KEYWORDS. NITRATES GPCUNOWATEP BARNYARDS FEEOLOTS METH
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCOBACTERIA ANC PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
ARSENICALS IN ANIMAL FEEDS AND WASTES KEYWORDS: ARSENICALS FEED-AOD11 I VES IN I HAL-HEALTH
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION C GNU NEMEMT-PENS DESIG
RECYCLING ANO OEGRADATICN OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING LIVE
WATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPUINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION NONPOI NT-SOURCE S PUBLIC
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-MAN
KEEP IT DRY KEYHORDS FEEOLOTS ODOR-CON1ROL STOCKING-RATES FEEGLCT-MJNOFF HOLD ING-PONDS
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL HASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS. WASTE-MAN
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FOP, HANDLING SEMI-SOLID CATTLE MANJRE KEYWORDS: PUM
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
MANURE STORAGE AREAS HELP SAVE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STOP AGE PUMPS NUTRIENTS ECONOM
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LiOUlD MANU
AUTOMATIC FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-FARM ACCUDOSE-R AEROSOLS PYRETHRINS
CONVERSION OF CATTLE MANURE INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES BYPRODUCTS PYR
FUEL FROM FECES KEYHORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEiM CAL-TREATMENT olOLOGI
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE HASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETRE ATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'. StHME-HAS
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WA
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS HASTt-DISPOSAL LANO-DIS
DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL MANURE KEYWORDS. LIVESTOCK-HASIES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS: HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
RELATIONSHIPS 8ETHEE*N CCPROPHILOUS FUNGI AND FECAL SUBSTRATES IN A COLORADO GRASSLAND K
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
HOH TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS: HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-
HATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NCNPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
THE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: PASTURES MAM
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SCILS LANO-APPL!CAT I ON GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
A MODEL FOP. RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND WATERSHEDS KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES A
WATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON A SEMIARIG WATERSHED IN S. E. UTAH KEY
CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND! VOLUME [--A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
SODIUM LEVELS IN BEEF CATTLE FINISHING RATIONS AS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRAT
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION CF THESE NUTRiENTS BY SH
55
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200 77 4373 REACTORS AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA
300 75 4037 RECLAMATION LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
300 72 4353 RECLAMATION DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTER, CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-W
400 77 4524 RECLAMATION CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS RECLAMATION SURFACE-MINED-LANOS LAND-APPLICATION 6SH SEW
600 74 40L3 RECONSTITUTED-FEED CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM GRAIN RECONSTITUTED WITH EXCREMENT FROM FEEDLOT CATTLE KEt'WQ
400 77 4014 RECONSTITUTED EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ECON
100 76 4192 RECTAL-SWABS STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM THE FECES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES BIOTYPES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS 4UR
300 76 4004 RECYCLING CONVERSION OF CATTLE MANURE INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS.' CATTLE-HASTES BYPRODUCTS PYR
400 77 4021 RECYCLING ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM HASTE SMALL KEYWORDS.' ENERGY FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
400 77 4031 RECYCLING FEEDERS RECYCLING PLAN SAVES FIVE BUSHELS OF CORN FOR EACH STEER FED KEYWORDS.' RECYCLI
400 74 4051 RECYCLING MANURE KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING RECYCLING FUELS ECONOMICS CATTLE-WASTES ORGANIC-HASTES
200 77 4057 RECYCLING SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS.' REFEEDING LIVESTOCK
200 74 4072 RECYCLING FUEL FROM FECES KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGI
300 75 4075 RECYCLING UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION Of CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE
400 74 4110 RECYCLING NATURAL GAS FROM THE BARNYARD. OR JUST MOVE BOSSY OVER AND HOOK IT UP KEYWORDS RECYCL
100 46 4115 RECYCLING DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS: METHANE ORGANIC-HASTES SEWAGE HORSE-HASTES RECYC
400 77 4119 RECYCLING HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS.' ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
400 77 4133 RECYCLING AWARDS HADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS.' AWARDS HASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTFt
100 75 4137 RECYCLING CHANGES IN MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEDLOT WASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
100 76 4138 RECYCLING RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
400 77 4153 RECYCLING MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
400 77 4156 RECYCLING MANURE TO METHANE IS IT FEASIBLE KEYWORDS.' ANIMAL-WASTES RECYCLING HElHANE ANAEROBIC-DI
400 77 4159 RECYCLING INTEREST IN DPW APPEARS TO HAVE SUBSIDED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED RECYCLING REFEE
400 77 4165 RECYCLING RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MERTEN'S KEYWORDS.' FEEDLCTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
400 76 4166 RECYCLING RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-L1TTEP TURKEYS RECYCLING
300 76 4170 RECYCLING AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SWINE FEEOLOT HASTEHATERS KEYWORDS. SHINE-HASTES 1,10
400 71 4173 RECYCLING A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION POULTRY-HASTES-DRIEO RE
400 77 4180 RECYCLING SEPEA ANNOUNCES POULTRY HASTE FEEDING POSITION KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING RECYCLING LEGAL-A5PE
400 72 4181 RECYCLING USDA RESEARCHER USES MANURE TO MAKE FEED AND WALLBOARD KEYWORDS! RECYCLING HALLBOARD RE
300 76 4194 RECYCLING RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEOSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING SEHAGE-SOLIDS R
300 76 4207 RECYCLING STATE-OF-THE-ART SHINE HASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS.' SHINE-WAS
200 74 4221 RECYCLING METHANE RECOVERY FROM PCULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
100 76 4222 RECYCLING UTILIZATION OF 8IOGAS FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BiOGAS CATTLE-WfST
400 77 4231 RECYCLING ON METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS.' METHANE RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS ECONOMICS
400 76 4241 RECYCLING THE WEDDING OF CLUCK AND MOO KEYWORDS.' POULTR Y-WAST ES CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
200 74 4243 RECYCLING FEECLCT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS.' FEEOLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
200 76 4260 RECYCLING BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THERMOPHILIC METHANOGENESIS FROM CATTLE PASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCL
300 77 4262 RECYCLING CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
100 75 4267 RECYCLING SYNTHESIS GAS FROM BOVINE WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES GASES FLU ID IZED-GED-
400 77 4292 RECYCLING ENRICHED POULTRY MANUPE 4S A BALANCED FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS R
400 77 4296 RECYCLING FARMERS AS FUEL SUPPLIERS KEYWORDS: ENERGY RECYCLING BIOMASS-CROPS CROP-RESIDUES GRAIN-
300 74 4297 RECYCLING ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
400 72 4303 RECYCLING METHANE POWER THE PLOHBGY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES DIGESTE
200 76 4305 RECYCLING CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYWORDS' RECYCLING CATTLE WASTES OIL CARBON-MONOXID
400 70 4311 RECYCLING IMAGINE YOUR FEEDLOT MANURE CAN POWER YOUR MILL AND BRING CASH FROM SALE OF EXCESS POHE
300 76 4318 RECYCLING METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING FFEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
400 76 4319 RECYCLING STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-HASTES REFEEDING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
200 75 4327 RECYCLING PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
700 73 4331 RECYCLING AHMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS'. CXIDAT1CN FLU 1011ED-6ED-REACTOR RECYCLING D
300 77 4334 RECYCLING UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
100 74 4344 RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS; ANIMAL-HASTES SUBSTRATES P
400 71 4370 RECYCLING FEEDLOT MANURE-THE ECOLOGY INSPIRED BUILDING MATERIAL KEYWORDS' RECYCLING ECOLITE BUILD
200 77 4373 RECYCLING AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA
400 77 4378 RECYCLING 140 DEGREES IS CRITICAL—METHANE FROM CATTLE HASTE FERMENTATION STARTS RAPIDLY, CONTIMU
400 77 4382 RECYCLING RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS.' RECYCLING WASTE WATER-RENO VA
400 77 4404 RECYCLING CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS'. HASTE-H»NAG
100 71 4405 RECYCLING A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
400 77 4411 RECYCLING WAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
200 76 4433 RECYCLING W1LLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIKIN
300 76 4435 RECYCLING OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-D1S
400 77 4436 RECYCLING THE HAPPY EARTHWORM KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES PAUNCH-MANURE FEEDLOTS EARTHWORMS
400 77 4441 RECYCLING MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
300 74 4453 RECYCLING STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATION FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
300 77 4454 RECYCLING A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FCR AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS'. SOLIO-UASTtS
700 73 4467 RECYCLING EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TCTAL SOLIDS FROM PCULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
300 73 4472 RECYCLING BIO-GAS PLANT — DESIGNS HITH SPEC IFICA11CNS KEYHCRCS: BIOGAS-PL ANTS ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
100 77 4487 RECYCLING BIOLOGICAL ENERGY RECOVERY USING DAIRY COW HASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DAIRY-^A
400 77 4504 RECYCLING MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE C4R
300 77 4509 RECYCLING ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE- NOW AND FOR THE FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURE ENERGY-CONSUMPT
400 74 4511 RECYCLING DESPITE SCIENCE, IT'S STILL H/SNURE KEYWORDS'. L IVE STOCK- WAS TES RECYCLING PYROLYSIS HYDRO
400 77 4515 RECYCLING SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-WASTES HEATING RECY
400 77 4519 RECYCLING METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-TReA
400 77 4530 RECYCLING BACTERIA POWER GENERATOR, PRODUCE FERTILIZER IN IOWA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING
200 75 4558 RECYCLING HOH TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS: HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS hASTE-MANAGEHENT WASTE-
400 77 4563 RECYCLING COhTOHN'S MANURE MEANS MEGAWATTS KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CA TTLE-WA STES FEEOL
400 71 4565 RECYCLING THE MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED MOTORCAR KEYWORDS' RECYCLING AN I HAL-WASTES METHANE METHAN
400 71 4566 RECYCLING GOBAR GAS-METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA KEYWORDS: METHANE GOBAR-GAS RECYCLING CATTLE-MS
400 70 4567 RECYCLING HOW TO GENERATE POWER FROM GARBAGE KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS LIVESTOCK-HAST
400 70 4568 RECYCLING NOW ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS'. ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SWI "E-W4STES G
400 71 4569 RECYCLING POWER-HAROLD BATE AND HIS MARVELOUS CHICKEN-POWERED CAR KEYWORDS. POULTRY-WASTES RECYCL
400 77 4582 RECYCLING GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
100 75 4607 RECYCLING FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS.' RECYCLING POULTR
400 77 4610 RECYCLING THERMONETICS—THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES METHANE FERTJLUFRS
400 77 4611 RECYCLING METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES HASTE-TOEA
400 77 4611 RECYCLING METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT HASTE KEYWORDS', SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES HAST8-TREA
500 73 4623 RECYCLING A HOMESITE POWER UNIT—METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES HASTE-TR
100 75 463? RECYCLING ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG HASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGHE ,'!ETH
100 76 4654 RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SHINE-WASTES C
300 77 4655 RECYCLING NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
100 4650 RECYCLING PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES FftCTORY-
100 75 4662 RECYCLING THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES STRAW
400 77 4665 RECYCLING METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FERMENTATION SEC
200 76 4619 RECYCLING ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF A POULTRY MANURE DEHYDRATING MACHINE KEYWORDS: DErlYDRJ1 ION PO
600 74 4013 REFEEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM GRAIN RECONSTITUTED UIIH EXCREMENT FROM FEEOLOl CMTLE KEYBO
400 77 4014 REFEEOING EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS'. REFEFO!»IG ECON
100 77 4019 REFEEDING ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENlS FOR LAMBS KEVBOKns: RtFEED/HG SH
100 76 4020 REFEEOING DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SLIPPl tHEN TS FOP, ;HEEf KFYHO
200 75 4026 REFEEOING RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SWINE KEYWORDS. OH I DAT ; ulx-L, I , CH RE'-EEC:«G SHi
400 77 4027 P.EFEEDIU'G BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT OY REFEEDING AERATED WASTES KEYWORDS. hEFtCOIMG DX > Dl- . , QN-rj I r
100 77 4041 REFEEDING THE LAYING PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF HENS OFFERED OIFTS CONTAINING Of i Fo POULTRY :;;
56
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
400
100
100
400
100
100
400
100
100
100
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
200
300
300
100
300
100
100
400
400
400
100
100
100
100
100
400
200
100
100
400
400
400
400
300
400
300
400
400
300
400
400
400
400
300
400
100
100
300
200
100
200
200
100
100
100
400
300
'tOO
400
100
100
200
600
400
400
100
100
100
200
400
300
200
700
700
400
100
400
100
400
100
*00
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
77
76
76
77
74
75
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
71
77
72
76
76
75
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
74
76
76
76
76
76
76
74
77
72
77
77
77
77
77
77
74
76
77
77
77
77
75
77
76
76
76
75
77
72
74
74
76
77
74
74
77
77
77
77
76
77
72
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
75
71
76
73
77
72
73
76
77
72
77
4048
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4067
4070
4098
4101
4103
4108
4137
4143
4145
4 146
4148
4153
4159
4164
4165
4173
4180
4181
4184
4185
4187
4194
4201
4207
4208
4210
4215
4219
4320
4223
4232
4234
4235
4236
4241
4243
4244
4249
4253
4255
4257
4258
4262
4293
4297
4299
4300
4301
4307
4309
4313
4314
4318
4319
4325
4329
4334
4338
4344
4347
4367
4372
4374
4376
4378
4379
4380
4382
4389
4399
4400
4407
4410
4411
4418
4419
4421
4422
4431
4444
4457
4458
4467
4473
4475
4488
4497
4504
4508
4515
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFF.EDING
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEECING
R6FEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOIHG
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOIHG
PEFEEOING
REFEECING
KEFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEEOIHG
REFEECIHG
REFEECINC
REFEEC'IMC
REFEEOINC
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEECING
PEFSEOINC
REFEECING
REFEEC ING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEECIHG
REFEECIHG
REFEECIHG
REFEECIHG
REFEECING
REFEECING
PEFEECINC
REFEEOING
R E F E E TJ I H C
REFEECIHG
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEECINC
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEECING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEEOING
REFEECIHG
REFEECING
RtFEEOINC
REFEECINC
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEEDIHC
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEED ING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOIHG
REIEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEE01NG
REFEEOING
PEFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
KEFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEED1HG
MICROBIAL POPULATION CHANGES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE MANURE-
SEMINAR ON FEEDLOT MANURE RECYCLING FOR NUTRIENT RECOVERY KEYWORDS: REFEED1HG LIVESTOCK
REFEEOING POTENTIALS'. FACTS AHD FANTASIES KEYWORDS'- REFEEDING ECONOMICS MASTS-COMPOS ITI
USE Of WASTE FROM OPEN FEEOLOTS FOR FATTENING, GROWING AND MAINTENANCE RATIONS KEYWORD
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO
FORMULATING AND MILLING FEEDS CONTAINING MANURE FROM OPEN FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: REFEECING
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIHAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYWORDS! REFEEDING PATHOGE
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS- REFEEDING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
PROVISIONS OF STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS ON REFEEDING KEYWORDS'- REFEEDIHG LEGAL-ASPE
PRESERVATION AND REFEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS." REFEEOING POULTRY-LITTER C
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES: EFFECTS DN WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS.' REFEEDING POUL TP Y-WASTES-DRI ED HASTE-COMPO
COMPLETE RATIONS FOP DAIRY CATTLE VII. DRIED POULTRY WASTE FOR LACTATING COWS KEYWORDS'.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATIOH OF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYWORDS.' PEFEEDING CATT
PULLETS IN GPOW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN FIT BELOW KEYWORDS'. HIGH-PISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
POULTOY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FIJK RUMINANTS KEYWORDS.' POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER UAST
CHANGES IH MICROBIAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEDLOT WASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
MORE INTEREST EVIDENT IN POULTRY LITTER AS LESS COSTLY, MORE AVAILABLE FERTILIZER KEYWO
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS bY SU
COMPOSITION OF CORN PLANT ENSILED WITH EXCRETA OR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT
PERFOP.MAHCE OF BEEF CATTLf FED WAETELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WASTELAGE AND DRIED HsST
MAKING THE MOST OF WASTE KEYWORDS: PCULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
INTEREST IN DRW APPEARS TO HAVE SUBSIDED KEYWURDS'. PDIJLTRY-WASTES-O-II ED PEC'/CLING PEFEE
JAPANESE HOGHEN BATTLE POLLUTION KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES POLLUTION WASTE-MANAGEMENT OKID
RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT NFRTtl'l'S KEYWORDS: FEECLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
A POLLUTIOH SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IIJ PROFITS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
SE-PEA ANNOUNCES POULTRY WASTE FEEDING POSITION KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING RECYCLING LEGAL-ASPE
USOA RESEARCHER USES MANURE TO PAKE FEED AND WALLBOARD KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WALLBOARD RE
FEED GRAIN SUPPLIES, USE OF HASTES AS FEED INGREDIENTS DETAILED AT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS:
REFEEDIHG OF AERATED POULTRY WASTES TC LAY1HG HENS KEYWORDS'. AERATIOH REFEEDING POULTRY
FEEDING VALUE OF EXCRETA-STOVER SILAGE AHD CORN RESIDUE FOR BEEF COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEOI
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEDSTUFFS FOB LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS R
INCLUSION OF LIVESTOCK FECES INTO CORN SILACE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES PDULTP1-WASTES
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WAS
FERMENTATION, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, DIGESTIBILITY AHD PALATABILITC OF BROILER LITTER EH
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
PELLETED POULTRY LITTER ECONOMICAL CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER PEFEEDING CATT
SOLID VS LIQUID WASTE PRE-PO'IC WASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYWOR
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING WASTELAGE RUMTNAN
EFFECTS OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SOLUBLES III LAMB DIETS KEYWORDS". DAIRY-WASTES REFEEDIHG
HEN EXCRETA CUMPOSITIUM AND RUMEH PARAMETERS KEYWCRCS'. SHEEP REFEEDING POUL TP Y-WASTES-D
DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT FDR BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS'. POUL TR Y-WA STE S-OR I ED REFE
RECYCLING OF SWINE MANURE BY SELECTEC FISHES KEYWORDS: REFEECING SWINE-WASTES FISH PERF
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION A'lD METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEEDIN
THE WEDDING OF CLUCK AND MOO KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT RECYCLI
FEEDLOT MANURE AS AN ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES ENERGY ECONOMICS RECYCLING
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MAHUPE FDR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTE S FERMENTATION
THE GROWTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED LCW-PPOTEIN DIETS CONTAINING TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE, DI
CATTLE FEEDING GAINS REPORTED GOOD ON MISSISSIPPI COMPANY'S POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS! POU
BROILER WASTES GOOD PROTEIN SOURCE KEYWORDS.' PEFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMAN
IOWA FARMERS FEED DRIED POULTRY WASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEE01N
RECYCLING SOLVES WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES P
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY OH FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LAHO-APPLICA
FEEDLOT WASTE WORKS IH GRDWIHG RATIOf, TEST KEYWORDS': CATTLE-WASTES DEHYDRATION ENSILIHG
ENERGY FROM FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWCRDS: FUELS RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES FERTILIZERS REFEE
ENERGY AND RESOURCE PEOUIPEMENTS FOP BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEE
RE-CYCLING IS NO CUPE-ALL KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEEClCT-WASTES CATTLE PERFORMANCE ECONOM1
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILEK LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDIHG POULIRY-LITTEP ENSILIHG M
AAFCO TASKFORCE WORKS ON ANIHAL HASTE REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING LEGAL-ASPECTS ANT
FOOD WASTE, MAHUPE HOLD PROMISE AS FEED, VETERINARIANS TOLD KEYWORDS: REFEEDIHG FOOD-WA
DPW VALUE AS ANIMAL FEED SEEN REACHING TOO A TON KEYWORDS: REFEEIIlNG POULTRY-WASTES-DR
MOPE ON MANURE KEYWORDS: PEFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUH PATHOGENIC
METHA/'IE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS: PECYCLIHC FEEDLOTS CATTL E-WASTE S DAIRY-
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: An I HAL-WASTES PEFEEOING LAND-APPLICATION RECYCLING FE
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING COPPE
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE IN RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS: PAUNCH-MAHURE REFEEOING SHEEP C
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CHANNEL CATFISH KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: AN I HAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
LIVESTOCK UDOP CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SW
METHANE FERMENTATION OF AHIKAL WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEOING CATTL
A NEW CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FLP BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE WASTE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS'- RCFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES WASTELAG
USE OF FLUID COWSHED MANURE IN FISH PONDS KEYWORDS: ISRAEL REFEEDING FISH PONDS CATTLE-
140 DEGREES IS CRITICAL--METHAHE FROM CATTLE WASTE FERMENTATION STARTS RAPIDLY, CONTINU
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE WASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS'-
WINTERING BROOD COWS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER- RESEARCHER KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING PO
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WASTEWATER-RENOVA
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF EHSILED CATTLE WASTE KEYWORDS: ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDIHG CATT
UTILIZATION OE CATTLE EXCREMENT FDR GROWTH AMD MAINTENANCE OF BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: RE
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTFS KEYWORDS: REFEEDIHG POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CRUDE-PROTFINS PERFORM
EFFECT OF CURH STUVER SILAGF DIETS SUPPLEMEHTED WITH NITROGEN FROM POULTRY FX.CRETA ON D
POULTRY WASTE — NITROGEN FOR LACTA1IHG DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-OKI
WAYS TO SPEFD UP DRYING OE MANURE IH PITS I'EYWURDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VEMTiLAT
LAMB PERFORMANCE ON CAGE HEN MANURE ENSILED WITH CORRUGATED CARDBOARD KEYWORDS'- PEFEEDI
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERHENTED POULTRY MANURE SILAGE DN BROILER CHICK GROWTH KE
EFFECT OF IHCLUOIHG ENSILED BROILER-HOUSE LITTER IN THE RATIONS OF SHEEP OH THE DIGESTI
MICROFLORA OF ENSILED MAHURt-BLENDED FEED, CORN AHC SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS'. ENSILING
GOOD GAINS ON POULTRY HASTF, HIGH FIBER DIET KEYWDRES: PDULTRY-WASTES-DPI ED PEFEFDIMG N
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LI VESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STOP AGE UASTE-TPEA
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL DUAL I IY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEtDLOTS hATER-POLLUT
THE SYMBIOTIC CROWIH OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA ON SWIHE WASTE KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT 8-
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
FEEDING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ENSILING POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER CATT
EFFECTS OH CHICK CROW1H OF ADDING VARIOUS NON-PROTEIN NITRUGEN SOURCES OP, DRIED AUTOCLA
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDIf.G POUL TRY-WAST ES-DR I ED CATTLE S
POULTRY LITTER FOP, INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING DIGESTI
MANURE IS NOW A COMMODITY KEYWORDS: FFEDLUTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE CAR
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEM DIETS ON TRACE M
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-HASTES HEATING RECY
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
+00 77 +516
400 77 4522
200 73 4533
400 77 4537
400 76 4539
700 15 4544
100 75 4560
100 74 4562
100 75 4564
400 77 4571
100 76 457B
400 77 4582
200 72 4603
100 75 4607
400 77 4609
400 77 4610
100 76 4631
700 72 4635
100 76 4639
200 72 4640
200 75 4641
100 75 4642
400 77 4643
400 77 4664
400 77 4665
200 71 4457
200 76 4403
300 75 +075
100 76 4288
100 76 4289
100 77 4290
200 72 4603
100 75 4608
300 76 4318
100 75 4645
100 76 4602
100 76 4634
100 76 4232
100 77 4161
+00 74 4220
500 75 4408
400 77 4644
100 75 4645
100 76 4017
500 77 4092
300 75 4130
400 77 4133
300 76 4203
300 73 4310
300 72 4393
400 77 4448
300 77 4461
300 77 4503
400 77 4527
200 75 4620
700 76 45+6
100 75 +577
+00 77 +113
400 77 44+2
500 77 4089
500 77 4090
300 76 +097
300 77 4U2
100 76 4224
200 73 4256
200 75 4385
100 75 4420
200 76 4551
300 75 4570
100 76 +591
100 76 +62+
100 75 +645
100 76 4446
100 73 4131
100 77 4348
100 76 4432
100 76 4523
200 74 4535
400 77 4609
100 71 4629
100 71 +657
100 77 4579
100 73 4646
100 71 4122
100 75 4264
300 76 4016
100 77 4018
400 72 4157
300 73 4209
200 76 4358
300 75 4+93
100 75 +590
300 77 4659
300 74 4217
200 74 4221
300 74 4412
100 77 +381
100 74 4023
100 76 4238
100 76 4446
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
RESEARCH
RESEARCH-AND-DEVEL
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESPIROMETRY
RETENTION-TIME
RETURN-
ROTATING-BIOLOGICA
ROTTING
RUMEN
RUMEN-FLUID
RUMINANTS
RUMINANTS
RUNOFF
RUNOFF
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-QUALITY
SACCHAROLYTES
SAFETY
SAFETY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALHONELLAE
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA-DU6LIN
SALMONELLA-DUBLIN
SALHONELLA-TYPHIMU
SALMONELLA-TYPHIMU
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALT
SALT
SALT-LEVELS
SALT-REMOVAL
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
MILD-MANURE SLURRY BEATS RECONSTITUTING KEYWORDS'- REFEEOING CATTLE-WASTES CATTLE PERFOR
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE —FEED ING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF WAY
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF CATTLE MANURES IN DRYLOT FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
DRIED CATTLE WASTE CAN STRETCH SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE PERFORMANCE CATT
MCNALLY TURNS OUT A UNIFORM HIGH-OUALITY DPW KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIEO F
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUT
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-WASTES
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SHINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE DRINKING-WATER
A PLACE FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS REFEEOING PCULTRY-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
SWINE FECES RECYCLING IN CARPS FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-WASTES FISH
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE ANIMAL HASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HAST
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING POULTR
HET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
THERMONETICS—THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES METHANE FERTILIZERS
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-WASTE
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
USING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE IN POULTRY RATIONS —A REVIEW KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES-DR
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT — ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES LE
RECYCLING AND DEGRADATION OF ANABOLIC AGENTS IN ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING LIVE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-INTENSITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCTI
ENSILED POULTRY LITTER REDUCES CATTLE FEED COSTS KEYHORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING REFE
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOHS 20 HO EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES COMPOST
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FERMENTATION REC
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS WATER-POLLUT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LANO APPLICATIONS
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE
FEEDING TH 6040 TO CATTLE RESIDUES IN TISSUES AND MILK AND BREAKDOWN IN MANURE KEYHORD
ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION OF CERTAIN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN BROILER BREEDER HE
LONG-TERM STUDIES CF RESIDUE RETENTION AND EXCRETION BY COWS FED A POLYCHLORINATED BIPH
ROLE OF RECYCLED LARGE SNIMAL HASTE FOR ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYHORDS LIQUID-WAST
THE USE OF RESPIROMETRIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE flIOOEGRADABILITY OF DIFFERENT COMPON
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-
WATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NCNPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYWORDS
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAUDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SAW
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-D
'ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM ADULT SHINE KEYHORDS: SWINE-WASTES
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL WASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING HASTELAGE RUMINAN
FORAGE CROPS GRASS TETANY KEYWORDS: GRASS-TETANY ANIMAL-HEALTH CATTLE RUMINANTS MAGNES
PONDER THIS SHITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES RUNOFF SWITCH-BACK-WA
HATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS'. MATHEMATIC
CONTINUOUS WATERSHED MODELING OF HASTEWATER STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
FEEDLOTS AND RECREATION LAKES AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THEY CAN BE GOOD NEIGHBORS KEYWORDS: F
AHARDS MADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS: AHARDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR
HASTEWATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ORYLOT DAIRIES KEYWORDS! DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYHOROS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLOTS LIVESTO
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATILE FEEOLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DES
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS*. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF AND CONTROL IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RU
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATICNS—EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
INFLUENCE OF SURFACES GN POLLUTION FRCM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-SURFACES FEEDLOT-RUN
MICROFLORA OF NEHLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES A
MANURE STORAGE AREAS HELP SAVE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-STORAGE PUMPS NUTRIENTS ECONOM
MANURE LOADERS NEED CARE A^D MAINTENANCE KEYWORDS: EQU1PMENT-MANURE-LCADERS MAINTENANCE
SOIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
EFFECTS OF ANIMAL MANURE ON SOYBEANS AND SOIL KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION DAIRY-WASTES C
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY PREVIOUS APPLICATIONS OF POULTRY MAN
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN RELATION TO HIGH LOADING RATES WITH MANURE KEYWORDS'. MANURE LAND-A
WASTES—USE OR DISCARD KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION NITRIENT-LOSSES N
A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC MANURES AND THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON ITS
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLIC
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE — KQNPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNO
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
HATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SCURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU"ION NONPOI NT-SOURCES PUBLIC
EXAMINATION OF POULTRY LITTER FOR SALMONELLAE BY DIRECT CULTURE AND FLUORESCENT ANTIBOD
THE ROLES OF AMMONIA, WATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLACIOAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGE DISTRIBUTION—VIRULENT AND TEMPERATE BACTER1DPHAGE CONTENT OF
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCOBACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA CDLI
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEOLOT WASTE KEYWORDS'. PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-HASTES FEED
HET CAGE LAYER MANURE FED TO FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES PRESERVATIVES REFE
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP [N BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS: SALMONELLA CATTLE-HASTE
THE SURVIVAL DF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES DAIRY-WASTES BACT
THE EFFECT OF THE HICROFLORA IN CATTLE SLURRY ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN KEYH
A. FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES ALLOHED TO GRAZE PASTURE CONTAM
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF USED LITTER ON SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TRANSMISSION IN THE CHICKEN
SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN DAIRY COH WASTE KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES SALMONELLA
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYHCRDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-STORAGE H
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
KANSAN APPLIES FEEDLOT RUN-OFF TO CORN FIELDS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF LAND-APPLICATION
SWINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY HASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES
CONSIDERATION DF SOILS FDR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
SHINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHORCS: SHINE-WASTES LIQU1D-HASTES AEROB
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LANC APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS'. GROUNDHATER-POLLUT ION SOI L-CONTAMINAT
METHANE RECOVERY FROM POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SWINE
EVALUATION OF PORCELAIN CUP SOIL WATER SAMPLERS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KEYWORDS'.
DETERMINATION OF VAN ILMANOEL1C ACID IN PIG URINE AND CHICKEN FECES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMA
EXAMINATION OF POULTRY LITTER FOR SALMONELLAE BY DIRECT CULTURE AND FLUORESCENT ANTIBOD
58
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100
200
100
100
400
100
100
100
400
400
400
400
200
300
300
100
300
300
200
200
100
300
200
100
100
100
100
300
400
300
400
400
400
400
300
700
400
400
400
200
100
400
700
400
400
200
400
200
200
400
500
500
500
500
100
700
500
300
400
300
100
100
100
400
200
300
500
200
400
400
300
700
100
100
100
200
400
100
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
400
400
400
100
100
100
76
71
77
74
77
74
76
76
77
77
72
71
76
75
76
76
76
76
76
75
75
75
76
75
75
76
73
77
77
76
77
77
77
77
75
76
71
77
77
75
75
77
76
77
72
77
77
76
77
76
77
77
77
77
46
71
75
77
77
72
71
76
76
77
74
75
77
74
77
77
76
72
73
77
76
77
77
76
74
76
77
76
76
77
76
76
76
75
74
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
73
76
75
76
4452
4583
4161
4191
4371
4374
4138
4634
4295
4476
4383
4556
4367
4593
4594
4074
4030
4068
4182
4401
4451
4077
4129
4395
4645
4049
4361
4510
4320
4068
4133
4219
4404
4428
4444
4466
4557
4664
4428
4401
4205
4428
4466
4644
4240
4275
4527
4186
4283
4132
4079
4083
4084
4086
4115
4139
4197
4262
4333
4339
4405
4425
4452
4524
4050
4037
4082
4221
4448
4587
4194
4561
4128
4019
4020
4063
4070
4101
4108
4121
4146
4194
4223
4229
4232
4236
4325
4329
4374
4387
4389
4391
4418
4421
4431
4486
4488
4497
4514
4631
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING-TECHNIQUE
SAMPLING-TECHNIOUE
SANITATION
SANITATION
SAWDUST
SAWDUST
SCENTOM6TERS
SCENTOMETER-REAOIN
SCRAPING
SCRAPING
SCREENING
SCREENING
SCREENING
SEALANTS
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEEPAGE
SEEPAGE
SEEPAGE
SEMI-CONFINEMENT
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SERPENTINE-GRASSED
SETTLEABLE-SOLIDS
SETTLING
SETTLING
SETTLING
SETTLING
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASIN
SETTLING-POND
SETTLING-TANKS
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE-LAGOONS
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SOLIDS
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
SHEAR-RATES
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—OUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
ANALYTICAL AND ORGANCLEPTIC MEASUREMENT OF ODOURS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. ODOR SAM
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM ADULT SWINE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES
LOSSES FROM CATTLE FAECES DURING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS: SAMPLING-TECHNIOUES CHEMIC
SANITATION IS FIRST STEP IN EFFECTIVE FEEDLOT FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL FEEDLOT
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE WASTE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES WASTEL.AG
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAWDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYWORDS: AN I HAL-WASTES SAW
STATE ODOR REGULATIONS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR-INT
FEEDLOT ODOR INTENSITY KEYWORDS^ DDDR FEEDLOTS CATTLE SCENTOMETER-READINGS ODOR-CONTROL
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL WASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS WASTE-MAN
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM SCRAPES MANURE-AND WORK-AWAY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSIN
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEOING CATTL
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH — STAGE 1 KEYWORDS'. WASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIC SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES HAS
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND: VOLUME II—AN OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NONPOINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-POLLUTIDN WATER-POL
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
THE NEEDS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNG
A MODEL FOR RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES A
WATER POLLUTION FROM NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-PCLLUTI ON NQNPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-*WA
CHANGES IN SEEPAGE RATE FROM AN UNLINEO CATTLE WASTE DIGESTION PGND KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WA
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOW GROUND WATER TABLES FROM SWINE WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SW
SEMI-CONFINEMENT AT 1/3 THE COST KEYWORDS: SE.MI-CONF INEMENT CATTLE ECONOMICS WEATHER WA
DEMONSTRATION OF AERATION SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES BIOLOGICA
AWARDS MADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS: AWARDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR
SOLID VS LIQUID WASTE PRE-POND WASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYWOR
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAG
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW WASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
DEWATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
WHAT TO 00 WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
NEW RECYCLING TRIAL SHOWS 20 HD EXTRA PROFIT KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES COMPOST
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW WASTE RUNCFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION DF CATFISH KEYWORDS: FISH-WASTES
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEW WASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS. FEEDLOT-RUNCFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
DEWATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWCRDS'. SWINE-HASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES RUNOFF SW ITCH-BACK-WA
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE LAGDONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
FARMERS AS CLIENTS KEYWORDS: DESIGN WASTE-MANAGEMENT SETTLING-BASINS LAGOONS
FEEDER COMPLIES WITH REGULATIONS—EPA OKAYED THESE PLANS TO STOP WASTE AND WATER RUNOFF
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I - BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLE G
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TOILETS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYWOR
MICROBIAL CONCERNS WHEN WASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYWORDS'. LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-MICROBI
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LICUID ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT ION LIO
DIGESTER GAS FOR AUTOMOBILES KEYWORDS: METHANE ORGAN IC-WASTES SEWAGE HORSE-WASTES RECYC
VARIATION IN THE DENSITY OF POLLUTION INDICATOR BACTERIA IN THE COTTONWOOD RIVER AS REL
TRANSPORT IN STREAMS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION POLLUTANT-SOURCES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS AG
CAN CITY SEWAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE LAND-APPLICA
USE OF AGRICULTURE WASTES IN SOUACULTURE KEYWORDS: AOUACULTURE FISH FEEDS ORGAN IC-WASTE
WASTEWATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS.' MUNICIPAL-WASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLICATION FORAGES
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWCRDS: SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-0
GRCUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER-QUALITY
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED--QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURFACE-MINED-LANOS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEW
THE IMPLICATION OF HYDRCGEOLOGIC FACTORS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON LAND WITH SPECIAL REFE
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
METHANE RECOVERY FROM POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TO FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
COMPOSTING CONVERTS WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-WASTES P
RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING SEWAGE-SOLIDS R
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED WITH DOMESTIC SE
FLOW PROPERTIES OF DAIRY WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAMBS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING SH
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWO
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED WASTE-COHPO
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF DEHYDRATED CATTLE MANURE USING SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING CATT
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTE S POULTRY-LITTER WAST
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RATES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
COMPOSITION OF CORN PLANT ENSILED WITH EXCRETA OR NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS AND ITS EFFECT
RECYCLING SEWAGE SCLIDS AS FEEOSTUFFS FDR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEWAGE-SCLI OS R
EFFECTS OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SOLUBLES IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES REFEEDING
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AIR CARGO SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS: SHEEP AIR-TRANSPORT DESIGN CA
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-0
HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM BY SHEEP KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED REFEEOIN
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING COPPE
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH BESIOUE IN RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS: PAUNCH-MANURE REFEEDING SHEEP C
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE WASTE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES WASTELAG
EXPOSURE OF LAMBS TO ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA KEYWORDS: SHEEP ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION AM
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE KEYWORDS'. ENSILING CATTLE-WASTES REFEEOING CATT
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS INTESTINAL-
LAMB PERFORMANCE ON CAGE HEN MANURE ENSILED WITH CORRUGATED CARDBOARD KEYWORDS: REFEEDI
EFFECT OF INCLUDING ENSILED BROILER-HOUSE LITTER IN THE RATIONS OF SHEEP ON THE DIGEST!
GOOD GAINS ON POULTRY WASTE, HIGH FIBER DIET KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEOING N
MORE ON SHEEP FLOORING KEYWORDS'. CONFINEMENT-PENS SHEEP MANAGEMENT FLOORING ANIMAL-HEAL
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTLE S
POULTRY LITTER FOR INTENSIVE BEEF PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEOING OIGESTI
RETENTION BY SHEEP OF COPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS: SWINE-
LIQUID DIETS CONTAINING POULTRY WASTES FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: DIETS SHEEP LIQUID-WASTE
59
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
TOO 72 4635
100 76 4192
200 76 4625
300 75 41B7
100 77 4419
200 77 4422
400 77 4571
200 77 4335
400 73 4352
200 76 4129
100 75 4645
100 76 4246
400 77 4156
200 76 4360
300 73 4100
400 76 4141
400 77 4149
400 77 4160
400 77 4259
400 74 4322
400 77 4402
400 77 4437
400 77 4443
400 77 4445
400 77 4552
400 77 4239
700 76 4546
100 75 4589
100 75 4592
400 77 4071
100 73 4126
400 77 4302
400 77 4552
500 77 4086
200 70 4384
100 71 4405
300 77 4655
300 77 4659
300 76 4203
100 74 4023
100 74 4032
100 76 4038
200 74 4052
100 76 4121
100 73 4128
100 77 4140
200 76 4178
100 74 4193
100 72 4214
100 76 4306
100 76 4325
100 77 4365
300 74 4366
400 77 4443
100 69 4459
100 69 4460
700 76 4466
100 73 4476
700 74 4502
100 75 4514
100 76 4523
100 74 4559
100 75 4560
400 70 4575
100 77 4579
100 74 4598
100 75 4608
400 77 4611
200 76 4617
100 73 4621
100 71 4622
500 73 4623
100 77 462B
100 77 4633
200 72 4640
100 73 4646
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 76 4654
300 77 4655
100 71 4657
300 77 4659
200 74 4667
300 76 4099
100 76 4267
100 76 4496
200 76 4551
400 76 4045
100 76 4047
500 77 4090
300 76 4097
100 76 4213
100 76 4306
300 72 4501
100 76 '»074
200 74 4221
100 75 4206
100 76 4074
100 76 4074
100 76 4163
SHEEP
SHEEP-HASTES
SHEEP-HASTES
SILAGES
SILAGES
SILAGES
SILAGES
SILAGE
SILOS
BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM THE FECES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES BIOTYPES OF STAPHVLOCOCCUS AUR
SMALL DUNG BEETLES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS- LABORATORY STUDIES OF BEETLE ACTION 0
FEEDING VALUE OF EXCRETA-STOVER SILAGE AND CORN RESIDUE FOR BEEF COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDI
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED POULTRY MANURE SILAGE ON BROILER CHICK GROWTH KE
MICROFLORA OF ENSILED MANURE-BLENDED FEED, CORN AND SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS: ENSILING
A PLACE FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLOWER HULLS WITH POULTRY LITTER AND SUNFLOWER HULL
UNDERGROUND SILOS FOR LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE SILOS LAND-APP
SILVICULTURAL-POLL NONPOINT SOURCES STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNO
SILVICULTURE HATER POLLUTION FROH NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
SIH4ZINE EFFECT OF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K
SITE-SELECTION ODORS MAY LEAD TO COURTROOM KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LIQUID-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES
SITE-SELECTION LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COHPO
SLATTEO-FLCORS LIQUID HASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BARN KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-WAS
SLATTED-FLOORS HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS'. HOUSING SLATTED-FLOORS
SLATTEO-FLOORS HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUB
SLATTEO-FLOORS KSU TRIES PLASTIC SLATS AND WALLS IN PIG NURSERY KEYWORDS: SWINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN SLAT
SLATTEC-FLOORS FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP TO FINISH HOGS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLATTED
SLAITED-FLOORS THERE'S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
SLATTEO-FLOORS RALPH KISSINGER, JR —1977 FARMER-FEEDER OF THE YEAR KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CATTLE CONFIN
SLATTED-FLOORS HIS HOGS DON T STINK KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOWA-LAW ODOR-CONTROL SWI
SLATTEO-FLOORS NEW WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
SLATTED-FLOORS GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: ODOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SWINE-WAST
SLAT-MATERIALS FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SWINE OPERATION KEYWORDS: SWINE CCNFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
SLAT-SCRAPE-SYSTEM SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEDING MANURE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES-EN
INFLUENCE OF SURFACES ON POLLUTION FROM FEECLOTS KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOT-SURFACE5 FEEDLOT-RUN
PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FRCM MIDWEST 8EEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITIER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIOUID-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS: HOUSING CA
DIVERSIFY—BUT STAY EFFICIENT, SAYS IOWA CATTLE FEEDER KEYWORDS: MANAGEMENT CONFINEMENT
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SWINE OPERATION KEYWORDS: SWINE CONFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF L I CU I D ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LIB
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
A CLEAN NEW GAS KEYWORDS' SEWAGE URBAN-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TG LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
HASTEHATER AMD RUNOFF CCNIROL SYSTEMS FOR ORYLCT DAIRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
EVALUATION OF PORCELAIN CUP SOIL WATER SAMPLERS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KEYWORDS:
CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT OF' MILLET ASSOCIATED WITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH A
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN AERATED SWINE MANURE SLURRIES KEYHCRDS: SLURRIES SWINE-WAST
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPREADING ANIMAL-WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES LAND-APPLICA
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RAIES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
FLCW PROPERTIES DF DAIRY WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
THERMOPHILIC METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATTLE-
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY AND FOOD-PROCESSING WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-D
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
AERATION UNDER CAGEO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION POULTRY-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-COMPO
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
THE POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF COPPER-RICH ANIMAL EXCRETA TO SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING COPPE
HEAD LOSS OF BEEF MANURE SLURRY FLOW [N POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PIPE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SOILS LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
NEW WASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 1-- THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, WINTE
DEHATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
RETENTION 8Y SHEEP OF COPPER FRCM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS: SWINE-
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMCNELLAS, MYCO.BACT ERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUT
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
THE EFFECT OF THE MICROFLCRA IN CATTLE SLURRY ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN KEYW
SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPLICATION UF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND
THE USE OF RESPIROBETRIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF DIFFERENT COMPON
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES SLURRIES WASTE-TREA
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SWINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES
A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF AOENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE !ATP) FROM COW SLURRY
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
A HOMESITE POWER UNIT—METHANE GENERATOR KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES WASTE-TR
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPL1C AT ION DRAINAGE
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
LEPTOSPIRES IN ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT —AN IMAL HEALTH PROBLEM KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LE
A FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HAZARD FOR CALVES ALLOWED TO GRAZE PASTURE CONTAM
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE L
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SHINE-HASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN CATTLE SLURRY KEYWORDS: SLURRIES DAIRY-WASTES BACT
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-MAN
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE LAND APPLICATION OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES LAND
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF MANURE SPREAD ON FROZEN GROUND KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LAND-AP
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NCNPOINT-S
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL MANURE IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY KEYWORDS: CANADA-LAW LIVESTOCK-W
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES L
FEEOLOT WASTE RUNOFF AND MORTALITY OF WINDBREAK TREES KEYWORDS'- FEEOLO T-RUNOFF TREE-MOR
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
DILUTION OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: LANO-APPLICAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATI
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED WITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
SODIUM LEVELS IN BEEF CATTLE FINISHING RATIONS AS RELATED 10 PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRAT
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
METHANE RECOVERY FROM POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE RECYCLING ME
„._ CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE'. I . OX I DI Z ING AGENTS KEY
SOOIUM-TRIPOLYPHOS INFIITRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
SOILS INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
SOILS TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS AMMONIUM Ai\D MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AMMONIUM-F
SLOPES
SLOPES
SLOPES
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLOTTED-FLCORS
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE-MANAGEMENT
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SNOWMELT
SNONMELT-RUNOFF
SNOWMELT-RUNOFF
SNOHMELT-RUNOFF
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM-CARBONATE
SODIUM-CHLORIDE
SODIUM-NITRATE
60
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
700
200
300
100
100
100
400
400
200
100
100
700
100
100
500
500
500
100
100
300
200
100
200
500
500
500
500
100
300
300
400
300
300
100
200
400
500
200
300
400
400
'00
400
200
200
100
300
100
100
100
500
100
100
100
300
100
300
100
200
100
100
100
300
300
400
100
100
100
200
700
200
400
200
400
500
300
200
100
400
*,00
100
700
100
100
300
300
100
100
100
300
500
300
100
300
100
400
300
400
300
300
72
77
74
75
76
75
71
77
75
74
75
70
76
74
77
77
77
76
76
75
76
75
77
77
77
77
77
76
74
73
76
73
74
73
76
77
77
76
76
77
77
77
75
76
76
76
76
73
74
77
77
75
74
75
77
77
77
76
76
77
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
74
76
76
76
77
75
77
77
76
76
76
77
77
73
76
77
77
75
76
77
76
72
76
77
Tt
76
77
76
77
73
77
72
72
4189
4273
4366
4420
4630
4592
4173
4404
4558
4559
4560
4268
4588
4193
4088
4089
4090
4306
4377
4077
4433
4607
4279
4081
4082
4084
4086
4105
4217
4310
4319
4332
4412
4478
4358
4071
4087
4172
4251
4439
4440
4498
4531
4613
4615
4246
4097
4168
4193
4381
4084
4652
4032
4450
4462
4468
4112
4Z24
4358
4468
4490
4491
4493
4532
4548
4624
4630
4193
4359
4541
4403
4553
4650
4496
4090
4097
4H4
4588
4515
41!9
4128
4545
4573
4573
4593
4594
4599
4138
4006
4016
4090
4106
4118
4134
4163
4165
4188
4219
4226
4227
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOIL-ADSORPTION
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-ANALYSIS
SOIL-ANALYSIS
SOIL-ATMOSPHERE
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CONDITIONERS
SOIL-CONDITIONERS
SOIL-CONDITIONERS
SOIL-CONSERVATION-
SOIL-CCNTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CORES
SO IL-DAMAGE
SCIL-ENVIRONMENT
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL'-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SCIL-INJECTICN
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTORS
SOIL-INVESTIGATION
SOIL-MANAGEMENT
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MICROBIOLOGY
SOIL-MICROBIOLOGY
SCIL-MICROORGANISM
SOIL-PROFILES
SOIL-PROFILES
SOIL-PROFILES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SCIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-SEALING
SOIL-SELECTION
SOIL-SORPTION
SOIL-SYSTEMS
SOIL-TESTS
SOIL-TESTS
SOIL-TYPES
SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SOLAR-ORYING
SOLAR-ENERGY
SOLIDS
SOLIOS
SQuIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIOS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLID
SOLIO-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLIO-HASTES
SOLIO-HASTES
SOLIO-HASTES
SOLIO-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS: GROUNOHATER-POLLUTI ON LEACHIN
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SOILS LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC MANURES AND THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON ITS
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED RE
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE HUH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAG
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS: HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM HASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTE
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS: UATER-POLLUT
CATTLE MANURE: i EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS n: RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR cu, MN, AND ZN
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATHOS
OVERLAND RECYCLING OF ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT OVERLAND-SPRAY-IRRIGATION
SOIL AND CROP RESPONSE TO APPLIED ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF 6EEF-FEEDLOT
AN EVALUATION OF FARMYARD SLURRY ENRICHED HITH EITHER POULTRY MANURE OR INORGANIC N-P-K
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER K
WILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING POULTR
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS'. SOIL-CONSERVATION-SERVICE
THE ADMISSIBLE RATE OF WASTE RESIDUE APPLICATION ON LAND WITH REGARD TO HIGH EFFICIE
MONITORING SEHAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
MICR08IAL CONCERNS WHEN HASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-HICROBI
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION CIO
FATE Of ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS' GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINAT
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIWESTO
STORIES MANURE CAN TELL KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES REFEEOING LANO-APPL1 CATIOM RECYCLING FE
USING ORGANIC HASTES AS NITROGEN FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
SALT LEVELS IN STEER FINISHING RATIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEEDS SALT-LEVELS PERFORMANCE C
THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS' LIQUID-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SLURRY INJECTORS KEYHORDS: DESIGN SO IL-1NJECTI ON EQUIPM
LAND DISPOSAL OF BLOOD AND PAUNCH MANURE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL BLCOD PAUNCH-MANURE PA
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD APPLICATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES LAN
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS! LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-1NJECTI ON C
INJECTING MANURE PAYS WITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES LAND-APP
NITROGEN LOSS IN SHINE WASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATI ON NITROGEN-LO
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT HERE V ALUABLE-BEC AUS E IT IS KEYWORDS'. FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
AN INJECTOR-TANKER DESIGN TO APPLY LIQUID MANURE BETWEEN CORN CROP ROHS KEYHORDS: LIQUI
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE INJECTORS KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES SO I L-1N JECTORS EO
EFFECT OF SIMAZINE AND ATRAZINE ON THE FERMENTATION OF FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN K
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
ORGANIC MANAGEMENT REDUCES LEACHING OF NITRATE KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT ION LEACHING NITR
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIEC TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SWINE
MICROBIAL CONCERNS WHEN HASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYHORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SO I L-lt ICROBI
SUCCESSIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND INVERTEBRATA AND THEIR CONNECTIONS HITH BIOCHEMICAL P
CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE EFFECT OF MILLET ASSOCIATED WITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION HITH A
NITRATE-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SOIL PROFILES BY ALFALFA KEYWORDS'. NITRATES SOIL-PROFILES
THE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FEEOLOT SITES AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE !N 60IS
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
EFFECTS OF ANIMAL MANURE ON SOYBEANS AND SOIL KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION DAIRY-HASTES C
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY PREVIOUS APPLICATIONS OF POULTRY HAN
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING HASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPERTIES
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-197<, II EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS ON SOI
EXPERIMENTS MADE ON STACKYARD FIELD, WOBURN, 1876-1974 III EFFECTS OF NPK FERTILIZERS
SWINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHCRCS SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES AER08
DAIRY CATTLE HASTE MANAGEMENT-ITS EFFECT ON FORAGE PRODUCTION AND RUNOFF HATER QUALITY
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES EFFL
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION, FARM YARD MANURE AND THE QUANTITY OF SALINE IRRIGATION HATER
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITI On OF THE SOIL ATMOS
CONSIDERATION OF SOILS FOR ACCEPTING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC NONESSENTIAL
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES K
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMEMT-LAND APPLICATION SY
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIOUID-WASTES HA
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYWORDS! SHINE-WASTES POOL TRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNCFF KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOfF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
OVERLAND FLOW PRETREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: OVERLANO-FLOW-PRETREATMENT POULT
ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF PLANT-AVA
SOLAR ENERGY HELPS DRY POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: SOLAR-DRYING POULTRY-WASTES HEATING PECY
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS'. ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
FLOW PROPERTIES OF DAIRY WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SHEAR-RATES FLO
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
RUNOFF FROM A LOH-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYWCRDS; AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STOR
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IK AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WAS
DENITRIFICATION OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG HASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTE
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVES1OCK-FARM INC [0 ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CARD
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS. DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE W
SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEOLOT
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT SOLI
NITRATE CONTENTS OF SUDANGRASS AND BARLEY FORAGES GROWN ON PLOTS TREATED HITH ANIMAL M
COSTS OF DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL ON TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT STATION FARMS KEYWORDS DAIRY-WAS
TRANSFORMATIONS OF NITROGEN ADDED AS SMHONIUM AMD MANURE TO SOIL WITH A HIGH AHMONIUH-F
RECYCLING IS SUCCESSFUL AT MERTEN S KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING REFEEDIN
ECONOMICS OF DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR ALABAMA KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-WAST
SOLID VS LIQUID HASTE PRE-POND WASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYHOR
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUfflELIIJES FOR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUiDELtNES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYWORDS! WASTE-TREATMENT
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 72 4228
400 72 4240
400 72 4383
300 76 4394
400 77 4404
700 74 4447
300 77 4454
300 77 4461
400 76 4471
400 77 4495
400 73 4549
400 70 4575
100 71 4629
100 77 4469
400 71 4413
400 77 4552
400 74 4547
100 76 4602
100 76 4638
300 72 4339
300 72 4353
200 76 4403
400 76 4548
200 76 4617
400 71 4557
100 76 4192
100 77 439L
400 77 4153
400 73 4528
100 75 4135
400 77 4204
400 77 4411
400 76 4480
100 74 4015
400 77 4328
200 72 4338
100 76 4634
100 75 4662
100 74 4661
100 75 4662
100 75 4577
300 75 4037
100 77 4469
100 74 4344
400 77 4441
100 77 4633
300 76 4595
500 77 4086
100 77 4417
300 76 4097
700 70 4268
400 77 4587
200 77 4335
400 77 4520
100 74 4660
400 77 4524
100 73 4131
100 77 4579
100 71 4629
200 74 4535
100 71 4622
100 77 4381
200 75 4401
100 76 4452
200 75 4026
100 75 4102
400 77 4103
400 76 4141
100 77 4147
400 77 4149
400 77 4160
100 75 4162
200 77 4273
400 77 4438
400 73 4488
200 74 4506
400 77 4537
700 75 4544
400 77 4552
700 73 4555
100 75 4564
400 77 4582
400 77 4538
100 76 4238
300 76 4003
100 77 4018
100 76 4024
200 75 4026
100 76 4038
400 77 4040
100 77 4042
100 76 4049
400 76 4055
400 77 4071
100 75 4095
300 73 4100
100 76 4105
300 76 4109
400 76 4116
100 76 4121
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLUBILITY
SOUTH-DAKOTA-LAW
SPACING
SPRAY-IRRIGATION
SPRAY-IRRIGATION
SPRAY-IRRIGATION
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI
STACKING
STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUR
STARCH-DIGESTION
STERILIZATION
STERILIZATION
STIROFOS
STIROFOS
STIRRING
STOCKING-RATES
STOCKYARDS
STORAGE-SYSTEMS
STORING
STRATIFICATION
STRAW60ARD
STRAW
STRAW
STREPTOCOCCI
STRIP-MINED-LAND
STRUVITE
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATE-ADDITION
SUBSURFACE-INJECTI
SUGAR-BAITS
SULFATES
SULFUR
SULFUR
SUNFLOWERS
SUPERPHOSPHATE
SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHO
SURFACE-MINED-LAND
SURVIVAL-RATES
SURVIVAL-RATES
SURVIVAL-RATE
SURVIVAL-T IME
SURVIVAL-TIME
SUSPENDED-SOLIDS
SUSPENDED-SOLIDS
SUSPENDED-SOLIDS
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SHINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE
SWINE
SWINE
SHINE
SWINE-MANAGEMENT
SHINE-URINE
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SWINE-WASTES
SWINE-WASTES
SWINE-HASTES
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SWINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISP
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE LAGOONS HOLDING-PONDS SETTLING-BAS
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL WASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS'. HASTE-MAN
A FOUR-YEAR FIELD TRIAL WITH ANIMAL MANURES: I. NITROGEN BALANCES AND YIELDS IB MINERAL
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYHOROS: HASTE-MANAS
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT-HA
A COMPLETE DISPOSAL-RECYCLE SCHEME FOR AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: SOLID-HASTES
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF WESTERN CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
AHARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS HASVE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
PREPARE FOR WINTER KEYHOROS: FEEOLOT-MANAGEMENT MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-HA
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS SHINE-HASTES WASTE-STO
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS', SALMONELLA CATTLE-HASTE
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
PREVENTING POLLUTION WHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS'. F
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SWINE OPERATION KEYHOROS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
AN ANSWER TO MANURE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS KEYHORDS: SPRAY-IRRI GAT I ON LAND-APPLICATION EQUIP
TREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE HASTEWATER USING A ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR KEYHORDS:
EARTHWORM POPULATION OF A PASTURE SPRAY-IRRI GATED WITH DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT KEYHORDS: DA
WASTEWATER RESEARCH EXPANDS KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES SEWAGE LAND-APPLICATION FORAGES
DISPOSING OF OUR HASTES—SOIL CAN FILTERi CROPS RECYCLE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-W
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPLICATION SY
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES EFFL
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SHINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS.' SWINE-WASTES
WHAT TO 00 WITH ANIMAL HASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
STAPHYLOCOCCI FROM THE FECES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES BIOTYPES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AOR
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS.' DIETS INTESTINAL-
MAKING THE MOST OF HASTE KEYWORDS.' POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING METHANE FERTI
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION OEEP-PIT-HOUSES STERILIZATI
INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
FEED-THROUGH LARVICIDE KILLS MAGGOTS IN MANURE KEYHORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FLY-CONTROL LAR
HAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYDRATION VENTILAT
KEEP IT DRY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL STOCKING-RATES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HOLDING-PONDS
LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DAIRY-WASTES KRAFT-PULPI
DAIRY HASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
DRIED CATTLE PAUNCH MANURE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CHANNEL CATFISH KEYHORDS: REFEEDING
ANALYSIS OF THE ROTTING PROCESS OF SAHDUST BARNYARD MANURE KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES SAW
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC COMPOST FOR MUSHROOM GROWING BASED ON HHEAT STRAW AND CHICKE
THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'- AGRICULTURAL-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES STRAW
MICROFLORA OF NEWLY CUT GRASS AFTER ADDITION OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES A
LAND AVAILABILITY, CROP PRODUCTION, AND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES KE
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHft
ANIMAL WASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS SWINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES RECYCLING
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
CONTROLLED ADDITION OF ANIMAL HASTE TO AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANTS A COMPARISON
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID ORGANIC HASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION LIQ
AN EVALUATION OF FIELD STUDIES ON CONTROLLING THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA KEYWORDS
DILUTION OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT ICN FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-WATE
CATTLE MANURE: i. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS n. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR cu, MN, AND ZN
COMPOSTING CONVERTS WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOT-WASTES P
UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER SILAGE, SUNFLOWER HULLS WITH POULTRY LITTER AND SUNFLOWER HULL
PROFITS FROM MANURE-WORKERS LIST TREATMENTS, APPLICATION KEYWORDS POULTRY-HASTES LAND-
SUPPRESSION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE-PHOSPHORUS FIXATION BY FARMYARD MANURE—I. HIGH PHOSPHORU
CHICKEN MANURE PLUS KEYWORDS: RECLAMATION SURFACE-MINED-LANDS LAND-APPLICATION ASH SEH
THE ROLES OF AMMONIA, HATER ACTIVITY, AND PH IN THE SALMONELLACI DAL EFFECT OF LONG-USED
THE EFFECT OF THE MICROFLCRA IN CATTLE SLURRY ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA DUBLIN KEYW
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS'. SALMONELLA CATTLE-WASTE
SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS IN FEEOLOT HASTE KEYHORDS: PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CATTLE-HASTES FEED
THE SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA DUBLIN IN SLURRY ON PASTURE AND THE INF
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SWINE
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SHINE KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEOING SWI
DIURNAL AND ANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS OF AERIAL BACTERIAL AND OUST LEVELS IN ENCLOSED SWINE H
PULLETS IN GROH CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOH KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-WASTES M
HOUSING AND FLOOR DESIGN CAN INFLUENCE PIG PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS: HOUSING SLATTED-FLOORS
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID IN SHINE DIETS ON FRESH WASTE PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND ANAE
HOG CONFINEMENT GASES CAUSE MEDICAL PROBLEMS KEYHORCS'. SHINE CONFINEMENT-PENS GASES PUS
KSU TRIES PLASTIC SLATS AND WALLS IN PIG NURSERY KEYWORDS: SHINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN SLAT
RELATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF AERIAL BACTERIA AND DUST IN SWINE HOUSES KEYWORDS:
CASE STUDIES OF WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLOT OPERATIONS AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR PRIV
HOG HOUSE OUST CONTROL HELPS YOU BREATHE EASIER KEYWORDS: SHINE CONFINEMENT-BUILDINGS A
RUMINANTS AND PIGS ARE THE BEST USERS KEYHOROS: REFEEOIMG POULTRY-WASTES-DRIEO CATTLE S
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE—PRESENT STATUS AND TRENDS KEYWORDS: PRODUCTION SHINE PO
DRIED CATTLE HASTE CAN STRETCH SHINE RATIONS KEYHCRDS.' REFEEDING SWINE PERFORMANCE CATT
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SU
FIT FLOOR TO YOUR SWINE OPERATION KEYWORDS: SWINE CCNFINENENT-PENS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLAT-
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS'. VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIG
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SHINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE DRINKING-WATER
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
FOR THIS HOG FARMER NEH PORK PRODUCTION UNIT ELIMINATES WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS: SHINE-
DETERMINATION OF VANILMANOELIC ACID IN PIG URINE AND CHICKEN FECES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMA
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWINE HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS Sh11NE-HASTES
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SWINE HASTE COMPOSITION KEY
THE EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ON RUNOFF, EROSION AND NITRATE LOSSES KEYWORDS'. LAND
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SWINE KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEOING SHI
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN AERATED SWINE MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SWINE-HAST
BACK TO BASICS—175-BUSHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND HASTES KEYWORDS:. LAND-APPLICATION SWIN
HOG MANURE HORTH 3.50 PER TON AS FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES LAND-
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SW1NE-WA
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
GETTING MORE OUT OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SLOTTEO-FLOORS DEEP-PITS SOIL
A SYSTEM OF OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON A GRASSLAND FARM KEYWORDS: MATHEMAT
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT A SLATTED FLOOR SWINE BARN KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES LIOUID-HAS
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
EVALUATING A LOW-ENERGY, HIGH-VALUE PUMP FOR ODOR REDUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOON
FLUSHING GUTTERS FOR HOG BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES FLUSHING LAGOONS DESIGN
THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH RATES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400
100
100
100
100
400
300
200
400
200
100
400
100
300
300
200
300
100
400
200
400
700
200
200
100
300
300
100
100
100
400
100
400
700
100
400
400
400
400
700
100
100
100
700
300
400
300
200
300
100
400
400
100
400
700
700
400
400
400
100
400
100
400
300
300
300
100
200
100
400
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
100
300
100
400
200
100
200
300
100
100
100
100
200
100
400
300
200
100
100
200
300
76
75
77
72
77
77
76
76
77
76
74
77
75
76
73
75
72
76
77
76
77
72
77
74
77
76
76
77
76
77
77
76
77
73
76
77
77
77
77
76
69
69
77
76
75
77
75
74
77
75
77
77
76
75
76
75
76
73
77
75
70
76
77
75
76
76
77
75
75
77
76
76
77
77
77
75
74
75
76
76
77
76
77
77
76
77
76
77
74
77
74
76
75
72
76
75
77
77
70
77
4132
4135
4145
4154
4161
4164
4170
4178
4183
4186
4193
4202
4206
4207
4209
4225
4228
4235
4259
4261
4263
4271
4284
4347
4349
4355
4357
4362
4377
4381
4382
4386
4388
4414
4432
4437
4440
4441
4445
4458
4459
4460
4465
4466
4493
4498
4505
4506
4510
4514
4518
4522
4523
4531
4543
4544
4548
4549
4553
4564
4568
4578
4582
4593
4594
4595
4599
4605
4608
4611
4617
4618
4632
4633
4636
4637
4647
4650
4651
4654
4655
4656
4644
4373
4000
4373
4435
4140
4191
4233
4254
4260
4264
4303
4318
4327
4368
4369
4384
4430
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-WASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SH NE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-WASTES
SWINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SWITCH-BACK-HATERW
SYNTHESIS-GAS
SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS
TAR
TECHNOLOGY
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TOILETS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
INSECT GROHTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES [N FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS B» SH
ISOLATION OF ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE FROM SOIL AND MANURE OF SHINE-RAISING PREMISE
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM ADULT SWINE KEYWORDS SHINE-HASTES
JAPANESE HOGMEN BATTLE POLLUTION KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES POLLUTION WASTE-MANAGEMENT OXJO
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SHINE FEEDLOT HASTEHATERS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES LIQ
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY AND FOOD-PROCESSING HASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS' ANAEROB1C-D
MANURE IMPORTANT FACTOR IN 338 BUSHEL RECORD CORN YIELD KEYWORDS.' SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-H
A LOH COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
THE EFFECT OF PIG SLURRY APPLIED TO A SOIL SURFACE ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATMOS
175 BUSHEL CORN YIELD HITH MANURE AND ONLY STARTER FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES S
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANAEROBIC SHINE MANURE'. I. OX ID IZING AGENTS KEY
STATE-OF-THE-ART SHINE HASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WAS
SHINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY HASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES
RECYCLING SHINE WASTE KEYHDRDS.' SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBI
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISP
RECYCLING OF SHINE MANURE BY SELECTED FISHES KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES FISH PERF
FAMILY FORMS PARTNERSHIP TO FINISH HOGS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLATTED
OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYHOROS: OVERLAND-FLOH-TREATMENT SHIN
HANDLE HASTE CHEAPLY HITH PARTIAL SLATS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES FLOORS FLUSHING HASTE-MA
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SHINE MANURE KEYHORDS'. SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT AERA
THE FARMER S VIEHPOINT, PART II - SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT SHI
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL SH
LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SHINE HASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SHINE FECAL HASTE HITH GROUND ORCHARDGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
EXPERIMENTS IN RECYCLING SHINE MANURE IN FISHPONDS KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES FISH-FEEDING
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID LEVEL IN SHINE DIETS AND HASTE LOADING RATE ON MODEL ANAEROBIC
EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOHING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
SALT REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES ON LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HASTE KEYHORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SHINE
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG HASTE KEYHORDS: RECYCLING HASTEHATER-RENOVA
DIETARY ARSENIC EFFECTS ON STORED SHINE HASTE KEYHCRDS: FEED-ADDITIVES ARSANILIC-ACID S
2,057 POUNDS OF BEEF PER ACRE FROM FORAGE KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION LIOUI
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONFINEMENT ANIMAL HASTE AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF INDICATOR B
STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGE DISTR1 BUT ION —VIRULENT AND TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE CONTENT OF
HIS HOGS DON T STINK KEYHORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS LEGAL-ASPECTS IOHA-LAH ODOR-CONTROL SHI
INJECTING MANURE PAYS HITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES LANO-APP
MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS". ODOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SWINE-HAST
THE SYMBIOTIC GROWTH OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA ON SHINE HASTE KEYHORDST AEROBIC-TREATMENT B
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 1— THE EFFECT OF AGE AND DILUT
STUDIES ON THE USE OF ANIMAL SLURRIES TO MANURE BARLEY 2— THE EFFECT OF AUTUMN, HINTE
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF HYDROGEN SULFIOE FROM ANAEROBIC SHINE MANURE'. II. IRON COMPOUNDS KEYH
DEHATER1NG A SHINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYHCRDS: SHINE-WASTES SLURRIES FILTRATI
SWINE MANURE FOR FERTILIZER—RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES AEROB
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE WASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED HITH LIQUID MANU
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE—PRESENT STATUS AND TRENDS KEYHORDS: PRODUCTION SHINE PO
POLLUTANT MOVEMENT TO SHALLOH GROUND HATER TABLES FROM SHINE HASTE LAGOONS KEYHORDS". SH
RETENTION BY SHEEP OF COPPER FROM AEROBIC DIGESTS OF PIG FAECAL SLURRY KEYWORDS'. SHINE-
MANURE CAN BE A PROFITABLE FERTILIZER KEYHORDS ANIMAL-HASTES SWINE-HASTES LANO-APPLICA
ON STRAW AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE — FEEDING HASTE—IT S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
THE OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLAS, MYCOBACTERIA AND PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT HERE VALUABLE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS'. FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
GROUNDHATER LEVELS AS AFFECTED BY SHINE HASTE LAGOONS IN HIGH HATER TABLE SOILS KEYWORD
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SWINE FECAL HASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, A PILOT STUDY AT CRESSY RESEARCH STATION KEYHORDS'. SHINE-HASTES EFFL
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-STO
GET MORE VALUE FROM HOG MANURE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-HASTES HA
HIGH LEVEL ANTIBIOTICS IN A SWINE HASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM KEYHOROS: SWINE DRINKING-WATER
NOH ELECTRICITY FROM MANURE GASES KEYWORDS: ELECTRICITY ENERGY RECYCLING SHINE-HASTES G
SHINE FECES RECYCLING IN CARPS FEEDING KEYHOROS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES FISH
GLEANINGS FROM REPORTS AT THE RECENT MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYHOROS: HASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HASTES HAS
CONTROLLED ADDITION Of ANIMAL HASTE TO AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANTS A COMPARISON
OENITRIFICATION OF AEROBICALLY STABILISED PIG HASTE KEYHORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-HASTE
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SHINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
THE USE OF RESPIROMETRIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF DIFFERENT COHPON
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT HASTE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES SLURRIES WASTE-TREA
STUDIES ON A MIXING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SWINE MANURE LAGOONS KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES
INFLUENCES OF LAND SPREADING LIVESTOCK HASTES OS GROUNOHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: GROUNOHA
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INOOLES IN ANAEROBICALLY STORED PIGGERY HASTES KEYHOROS'- SHINE-HASTE
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
A COMPARISON ON PH-COMTROLLEO AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN- CONTROLLED NUTRIENT ADDITION FOR TH
ALGAL GROWTH IN DILUTED PIG HASTE KEYHOROS'. SHINE-WASTES BY-PRODUCT-RECOVERY ALGAE METH
GROHTH OF ALGAE ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS.' SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS ALGAE HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE
ANIMAL MANURES IN GRASS PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE L
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SHINE-HASTES C
NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
THREE-STEP TREATMENT FOR PIGGERY HASTES KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAERO
PONDER THIS SWITCH-BACK, FIELD SINK SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES RUNOFF SWITCH-BACK-HA
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HA
THE ROLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: SYSTEMS-ANALYS
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS AND PETROCHEMICALS FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CfTTLE-HA
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS: HASTE-DISPOSAL LANO-DIS
THERMOPHILIC METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATTLE-
LOSSES FROM CATTLE FAECES DURING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS'. SAMPLING-TECHNIQUES CHEMIC
STUDIES ON THE VIABILITY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA DURING SHORT-TIHE-COHPOSTING OF POULTRY
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF DRYING TIME ON SURVIVAL OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THERMOPHILIC METHANOGENES IS FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCL
SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN DAIRY COH HASTE KEYHORDS DAIRY-WASTES SALMONELLA
METHANE POHER THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEW KEYHORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGAN IC-WASTES DIGESTS
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS'. RECYCLIN
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES OEPCSITEO ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
LABORATORY SIZE COMPOSTING UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTE MATERIALS KEYWORDS'- COMPOSTING E
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 74 4453 TEMPERATURE STATE OF THE ART-METHANE GAS GENERATE FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS! AGRICULTURAL
400 77 4519 TEMPERATURE METHANE GAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES HASTE-TREA
700 76 4545 TEMPERATURE EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
100 75 4592 TEMPERATURE ADSORPTION OF POULTRY LITTER EXTRACTS BY SOIL AND CLAY KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER-EXTRACT
300 75 4593 TEMPERATURE TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS. WASTE-TREATMENT
300 76 4594 TEMPERATURE TREATMENT OF WHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS. SWINE-WASTES MAS
100 77 4599 TEMPERATURE DENITRIFICAT I ON OF AER06ICALLY STABILISED PIG WASTE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIQUID-WASTE
100 75 4607 TEMPERATURE FLY PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MECHANICALLY MIXED ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING POULTR
200 76 4625 TEMPERATURE SMALL DUNG BEETLES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS— LABORATORY STUDIES OF BEETLE ACTION 0
100 77 4633 TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
100 75 4648 TEMPERATURE THE AGRONOMIC ROLE OF INTRODUCED DUNG BEETLES IN GRAZING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: PASTURES MAN
300 77 4655 TEMPERATURE NOTES ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLANT IN ABE
300 77 4659 TEMPERATURE AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LAND APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
400 77 4484 TEXAS-LAW ODOR COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS: ODOR FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS TEXAS-LAW NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
100 75 4645 THERMAL-DISCHARGES HATER POLLUTION FROf NCNPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION NONPO INT-SOURCES PUBLIC
400 77 4610 THERMCNETICS THERMONETICS—THE GUYMON PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WASTES METHANE FERTILIZERS
200 76 4433 THERMOPHILIC WILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
100 75 4286 THOMPSON-HAYWARD-6 RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF THOMPSON-HAYWARD 6040 IN BOVINE MANURE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ
100 75 4135 TH-6040 INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF 60V1NES FED TH 6040 IN
400 77 4151 TILE-CISPOSAL-FIEL POULTRY WASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYWORDS.' POULTRY-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
300 77 4341 TIME LONG TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION TIME LABO
300 76 4312 TIME-MOT ION-STUD IE FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS.' HASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIHE-MOTION-ST
100 77 4210 TOCOPHEROL INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPT1C QUALITY 0
100 75 4585 TOTAL-CARBON MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOT-WASTES P
100 77 4349 TOTAL-KJELDAHL-NIT LAGOON PRETRE4TMENT- SWINE HASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
100 77 4349 TOTAL-OKIDIZABLE-C LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SWINE WASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABD
200 77 4337 TOTAL-SOLIDS FEED INTAKE AND MANURE SOLIDS FROM LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS KEYWORDS: FEED-INTAKE DAIRY
700 74 4345 TOTAL-SOLIDS AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POU
100 77 4365 TOTAL-SOLIDS HEAD LOSS OF BEEF MANURE SLURRY FLOH IN POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PIPE KEYWORDS! CATTLE-WASTES
700 74 4502 TOTAL-SOLIDS THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOH VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
100 75 4589 TOTAL-SOLIDS PROPERTIES OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS FROM NIDHEST BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS
700 73 4467 TOTAL-SOLIDS-LOSSE EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
700 74 4345 TOTAL-VOLATILE-SOL AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POU
400 77 4314 TOXICITYY MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS' REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROLIUM PATHOGENIC
100 76 4047 TOXICITY FEEDLOT HASTE RUNOFF AND KORTALITY OF WINDBREAK TREES KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF TREE-MOR
500 77 4082 TOXICITY MONITORING SEHAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS! ZINC CADMIUM
400 77 4171 TOXICITY MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWORDS.' MANURE-PITS GASES TOXICITY HYDROGEN-S
200 76 4178 TOXICITY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION STABILITY AND FOOD-PROCESSING WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-D
200 71 4457 TOXICITY AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEOLOTS HATER-POLLUT
100 76 4600 TOXICITY EUTROPH1C AT I ON POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WAS
700 72 4635 TOXICITY BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STUDIES CN FERMENTED- AMMONIATED ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS KE
500 77 4082 TOXIC-METALS MONITORING SEHAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYWORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
100 76 4020 TOXIC-MINERALS DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWO
100 76 4044 TOXIC-MINERALS ARSENIC CONTENT OF CORN GRAIN ON A COASTAL PLAIN SOIL AMENDED HIH POULTRY MANURE KEYWOR
500 77 4090 TOXIC-MINERALS SALT ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AS A FACTOR FOR DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES OF BEEF-FEEDLOT
300 76 4097 TOXIC-MINERALS DILUTION OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DILUTION SOIL-HATE
100 74 4108 TOXIC-MINERALS POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES POULTRY-LITTER WAST
100 76 4121 TOXIC-MINERALS THE EFFECT OF DISPOSING HIGH KATES OF COPPER-RICH PIG SLURRY ON GRASSLAND ON THE HEALTH
100 72 4508 TOXIC-MINERALS THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE H
100 72 4247 TOXINS TOXIGENIC FUNGI FROM POULTRY F-EED AND LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER FUNGI FEEDS TOXIN
100 72 4010 TRACE-ELEMENTS POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
100 76 4045 TRACE-ELEMENTS NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: POULTRY-WASTES L
300 76 4028 TRACE-METALS TERTIARY TREATMENT AND REUSE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES BIOL
400 77 4070 TRACE-METALS POULTRY WASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-ORIED HASTE-COMPO
300 76 4194 TRACE-M NERALS RECYCLING SEWAGE SOLIDS AS FE6DSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEHAGE-SOLIDS R
100 76 4213 TRACE-M NERALS SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEOLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATI
300 74 4217 TRACE-M NERALS SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: GROUNDWATER-POLLUT1 ON SO IL-CONTAMINAT
700 70 4268 TRACE-M NERALS CATTLE MANURE: I. EFFECT ON CROPS AND SOILS II. RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR CU, MN, AND ZN
400 76 4316 TRACE-M NERALS WHAT'S MANURE WORTH AS A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-PRODUCTION-RATE FE
100 76 4377 TRACE-MINERALS EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT MINERAL LEVELS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF MANURES OF DIFFERENT C
300 75 4429 TRACE-MINERALS MANURE—LONG-TERM STUDY KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
100 72 4508 TRACE-MINERALS THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE M
400 77 4587 TRACE-MINERALS COMPOSTING CONVERTS HASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FE6DLOT-HASTES P
100 73 4478 TRAFFICABILITY THE HANDLING TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL CF FARM HASTES— APPLICATION OF FARM SLURRIES TO A
700 72 4189 TRANSFORMATIONS NITRATE LEACHING FROM ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS! GROUNDWATER-POLLUTI ON LEACHIN
200 77 4273 TRANSPORTATION AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYHOROS: SOILS VEGETATION HEATHERING CLIMATE T
100 74 4559 TRANSPORT-SYSTEM A HODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM WASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 1 KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-HASTE
100 76 4047 TREE-MORTALITY FEEOLOT WASTE RUNOFF AND MORTALITY OF WINDBREAK TREES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF TREE-MOR
300 76 4315 TREE-RESPONSE WASTE DISPOSAL IN FORESTS KEYWORDS: LANC-APPLICATI CM FOREST-LANDS CROPLANDS TREE-RESPON
200 76 4625 TRICHOSTRONGYLID SMALL DUNG BEETLES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS— LABORATORY STUDIES OF BEETLE ACTION 0
100 77 4469 TRIMAGNESIUM-PHOSP COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
400 77 4441 TRYPTOPHAN MANURE AND ALGAE PRODUCE ANIMAL FEED KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES RECYCLING
200 76 4034 TURKEYS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH PERFORMANCE CF TURKEYS KEYWORDS: TURKEYS PERFORM
400 77 4056 TURKEYS BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND HONEY KEYWORDS'. ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
100 76 4124 TURKEYS EFFECT OF DIETARY OXYTETRACYCLINE ON MICROORGANISMS IN TURKEY FECES KEYHOROS: DIETS OXY
400 76 4166 TURKEYS RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
100 74 4254 TURKEYS EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF DRYING TIME ON SURVIVAL OF MICROORGANISMS IN
400 77 4606 TURKEYS NO NEED TO CONTROL MANURE EATING BY TURKEYS KEYWORDS: TURKEYS MANURE-EATING ANIMAL-HEAL
100 77 4470 TYROSINE COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
100 71 4405 URBAN-HASTES A CLEAN NEH GAS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE URBAN-HASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC-D
100 72 4006 UREA-FORMALDEHYDE- PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE GARD
100 76 4232 UREA-NITROGEN HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION ANU RUMEN PARAMETERS KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-D
100 76 4232 URIC-ACID HEN EXCRETA COMPOSITION AND RUPEN PARAMETERS KEYHORDS: SHEEP REFEEOING J>OULTRY-HASTES-D
100 77 4244 URIC-ACID FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES FERMENTATION
100 76 4534 URINE URINARY ALLANTOIN EXCRETION AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-PATTER INTAKE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO KEYH
200 76 4053 VECTORS FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WA
400 77 4056 VECTORS BUILT-UP LITTER SAVES US TIME AND MONEY KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS TURKEYS MANAGEMENT DISEASE
300 76 4203 VECTORS WASTEHATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ORVLOT DAIRIES KEYHOROS: DA IRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
200 76 4360 VECTORS LAND USE OF ANIMAL WA'STES KEYWORDS: L AND-APPLIC AT I ON ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPO
200 77 4273 VEGETATION AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYHOROS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
400 77 4133 VEGETATIVE-FILTERS AWARDS MADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS: AWARDS HASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR-
100 76 4238 VENILMANOELIC-ACI 0 DETERMINATION OF VANILMANDELIC ACID IN PIG URINE AND CHICKEN FECES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMA
400 77 4066 VENTILATION DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUMPING MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE GASES AGITATI
100 73 4125 VENTILATION EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYHORDS
100 73 4126 VENTILATION EFFECTS OF BEEF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MOISTURE REMOVED BY VENTILATION KEYWORDS HOUSING CA
400 77 4171 VENTILATION MANURE PITS CONTAIN GASES THAT CAN KILL KEYWOROS MANURE-PITS GASES TOXICITY HYDROGEN-S
200 73 4323 VENTILATION CONTROL OF GASES AND ODORS FROM LIVESTOCK UNITS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION GASES ODOR LEGA
400 77 4328 VENTILATION DAIRY WASTE—FIELD APPLICATION STILL BEST KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES STORAGE-SYSTEMS LIQUID
100 77 4350 VENTILATION DRYING CAGED LAYER HASTE KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES POULTRY-WASTES DEEP-PITS VENTILATION H
"00 77 4372 VENTILATION A NEH CONCEPT OF LITTER MANAGEMENT FOR BROILER PRODUCTION KEYWORDS! POULTRY POULTRY-LIT
64
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
400
400
300
700
100
300
200
300
100
700
100
100
100
200
500
400
700
400
100
400
400
100
100
200
400
300
300
700
400
400
400
400
300
400
500
200
400
100
300
200
300
400
300
300
400
100
100
100
200
400
300
300
100
100
200
200
200
200
300
400
100
500
400
100
100
100
400
200
200
100
100
300
300
100
100
200
700
200
200
300
400
400
200
200
100
700
200
700
100
100
300
200
100
200
100
100
300
400
100
100
77
77
77
73
76
77
76
77
72
74
77
77
77
76
75
77
76
72
77
74
77
74
76
76
77
76
75
72
77
77
76
77
76
77
77
76
77
75
75
76
76
77
75
75
77
77
77
76
75
77
75
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
77
76
77
77
74
77
77
71
76
76
76
75
76
73
72
73
76
70
77
77
77
72
77
71
75
75
73
77
74
77
77
76
76
77
76
77
77
77
77
76
76
4411
4445
4449
4555
4105
4262
4403
4482
4010
4502
4628
4291
4140
4054
4198
4440
4541
4181
4148
4220
4239
4374
4138
4305
4572
4203
4039
4271
4665
4382
4132
4151
4170
4219
4092
4073
4119
4135
4242
4261
4312
4443
4444
4492
4014
4018
4019
4020
4026
4027
4029
4030
4041
4048
4058
4059
4061
4065
4067
4070
4074
4083
4103
4108
4145
4147
4173
4185
4186
4201
4205
4207
4209
4214
4248
4261
4269
4274
4281
4301
4303
4314
4324
4327
4329
4331
4337
4345
4348
4349
4355
4360
4364
4367
4368
4369
4379
4380
4386
4389
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VISCOSITY
VISCOSITY
VOLATILE-FATTY-ACI
VOLATILE-GASES
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILUATICN
VOLATILIZATION
VOLATILIZATION
VOLATILIZATION
HALLBOARD
HASTELAGE
WASTELAGE
HASTELAGE
HASTELAGE
HASTES
HASTES
HASTEHATER
HASTEHATER-MANAGEM
HASTEWATER-PURIFIC
WASTEWATER-QUALITY
HASTEHATER-OUALITY
HASTEHATER-RENOVAT
HASTEWATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-REUSE
HASTEKATER-STORAGE
HASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HAYS TO SPEED UP DRYING OF MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES DEHYDRATION VENT1LAT
GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE MANURE PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: DOOR GASES AIR-POLLUTION SHINE-HAST
A RAPID METHOD OF MEASURING MOISTURE IN LITTER USED FOR BROILERS BROODED AT HIGH DENS1T
PIT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIG
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM HASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION
CAN CITY SEHAGE BE RECYCLED SAFELY ON FARM LAND KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SEHAGE LAND-APPLICA
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPL1C ATI ON SY
NUTRIENT! BACTERIAL, AND VIRUS CONTROL AS RELATED TO GROUND-HATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORD
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEH
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLIDS CONTENT, PARTICLE SIZE, FLOW VELOCITY, AND VISCOSITY OF BEEF
SPREADING SLURRY ON LAND KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LIVESTOCK-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION DRAINAGE
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC GASES FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS- APPLICATION TO POULTR
THERMOPHIHC METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CATTLE HASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATTLE-
AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION CF WINTER SPREAD MANURE KEYWORDS: AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LAND-AP
FLOWS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON LAND KEYWORDS: NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS GROUNOHATER-PQLL
INJECTING MANURE PAYS HITH SAVED NITROGEN KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES LAND-APP
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES K
USDA RESEARCHER USES MANURE TO MAKE FEED AND WALLBOARD KEYHORDS: RECYCLING WALLBOARD RE
PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE FED WASTELAGE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF HASTELAGE AND DRIED WAST
THE VALUE OF ANIMAL HASTES AS FEEDS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING WASTELAGE RUMINAN
SLAT-SCRAPE RECAPTURES RATION NUTRIENTS FOR REFEEOING MANURE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES EN
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CATTLE HASTE FOR CATTLE KEYHORCS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES HASTELAG
RESPONSE OF DAIRY CATTLE GIVEN A FREE CHOICE OF FREE STALL LOCATION AND THREE BEDDING
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYHCROS: RECYCLING CATTLE HASTES OIL CARBON-MONOXID
IRRIGATING HITH WASTEHATER KEYHCRDS: HASTEHATER LAND-APPLICATION EOUIPMENT-IRRI GAT ION
HASTEHATER AND RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DRYLOT DAIRIES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGRIC
NATURAL METHODS OF PURIFYING WASTE HATERS AND UTILIZING THEM IN AGRIUCLTURE, BI8LIOGRAP
SHORT-TERM MINIMUM AERATIOM OF SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT AERA
METHANE FROM CATTLE MANURE TO REPLACE FUEL OIL KEYWORDS.' CATTLE-HASTES FERMENTATION REC
RESEARCHERS STUDY ALGAE PRODUCTION FROM HOG WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING HASTEWATER-RENOVA
HOGS TO GET FLUSH TOILETS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT FLUSHING SETTLING-TAN
POULTRY HASTE GOES DOWN THE DRAIN KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING FLY-CONTROL
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SHINE FEECLOT HASTEHATERS KEYHOROS: SHINE-WASTES LIQ
SOLID VS LIQUID WASTE PRE-POND HASTE SEPARATION ALLOWS FLUSH RECOVERY RECYCLING KEYHOR
CONTINUOUS HATERSHED MODELING OF HASTEWATER STORAGE AND LAND APPLICATION TO IMPROVE DES
IMPACT OF HATCHERY HASTEHATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS! HATCH
HARNESSING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FEEDLOT KEYHORDST ENERGY FEEDLOTS RECYCLING METHANE S
INSECT GROHTH REGULATORS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE FLIES IN FECES OF BOVINES FED TH 6040 IN
FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEOLOT RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS KE
OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF SWINE LAGCON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OVERLANO-FLOW-TREATMENT SWIN
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION FEEDLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
NEH HASTE COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS! HASTE-COLLECTION WASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
COMPARISON OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION MACHINERY KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION ELEVATING-
EXCREMENT RECONSTITUTED GRAIN FOR GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ECON
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT LEVEL AND LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEMS ON SHINE WASTE COMPOSITION KEY
ALFALFA VERSUS POULTRY EXCRETA AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR LAHBS KEYHORDS REFEEDING SH
DEHYDRATED BROILER EXCRETA VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP KEYWO
RECYCLED EXCRETA AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SWINE KEYWORCS OXIDATION-DITCH REFEEDING SWI
BIRD PERFORMANCE NOT HURT BY REFEEDING AERATED WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OXIDAT ION-DIT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME I — A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME II—AN OVERVIEW KEYHORDS AGRICULTURAL
THE LAYING PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF HENS OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED POULTRY MA
MICR08IAL POPULATION CHANGES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED BOVINE MANURE-
REFEEOING POTENTIALS FACTS AND FANTASIES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ECONOMICS WASTE-COMPOS ITI
USE OF WASTE FROM OPEN FECDLOTS FOR FATTENING, GRCHING AND MAINTENANCE RATIONS KEYWORD
FORMULATING AND MILLING FEEDS CONTAINING MANURE FROM OPEN FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
PRESERVATION AND REFEEOING POULTRY HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-LITTER C
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON W4STE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
POULTRY HASTE FED TO CATTLE, SHEEP KEYWORDS' REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED HASTE-COHPO
INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC LAGOONS INFILTR
HEALTH HAZARDS OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYHOR
PULLETS IN GROW CAGES ABOVE HOGS IN PIT BELOW KEYWORDS: HIGH-RISE-CAGE POULTRY-HASTES M
POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES POULTRY-LITTER HAST
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SH
EFFECT OF ARSANILIC ACID IN SWINE DIETS ON FRESH WASTE PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND ANAE
A POLLUTION SOLUTION WITH BUILT-IN PROFITS KEYWORCS:DEHYDRATI ON POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED RE
REFEEOING OF AERATED POULTRY WASTES TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: AERATION REFEEDING POULTRY
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
INCLUSION OF LIVESTOCK FECES INTO CORN SILAGE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES
HASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FDR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYHOROS: FISH-WASTES
STATE-OF-THE-ART SWINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRCTREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS: SWINE-HAS
SWINE PRODUCTION INDUSTRY WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES
AERATION UNDER CAGED LAYING HENS KEYHOROS" AERATION POULTRY-HASTES SLURRIES WASTE-COMPO
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND THE METABOLI SABLE ENERGY VALUE OF EIGHT SA
OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS'. 0V ERLAMO-FLOW- TREA THEN! SHIN
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER HITH DAIRY COW SUBSTRATE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HAST
CROPPING PRACTICES ON ILLINOIS LIVESTOCK FARMS KEYWORDS: CROP-PRODUCTION FORAGES LAND-A
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-COM
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER ENSILING M
METHANE POWER THE PLOHBOY INTERVIEW KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METHANE ORGANIC-WASTES OIGESTE
MORE ON MANURE KEYWORDS-' REFEEDING PERFORMANCE COPPER IRON CALCIUM AMPROL1UM PATHOGENIC
DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT LAGOONS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES DESIGN LAGO
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS! RECYCLIN
USE OF DRIED PAUNCH RESIDUE IN RUMINANT DIETS KEYWORDS: PAUNCH-MANURE REFEEDING SHEEP C
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: OXICATION FLU 101ZED-8EO-REACTOR RECYCLING 0
FEED INTAKE AND MANURE SOLIDS FROM LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS KEYWORDS: FEED-INTAKE DAIRY
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY WASTE KEYHORDS: POU
AVAILABLE AM1NO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
LAGOON PRETREATMENT- SHINE WASTE LOADING RATE AND RESPONSE TO LOADING RATE CHANGE-LABO
EVALUATION OF ENSILING SWINE FECAL HASTE WITH GROUND ORCHARDGRASS HAY, PRELIMINARY REPO
LAND USE OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOROS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTES NITROGEN WASTE-COMPo"
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF MINK HASTES KEYHORDS: MINK-WASTES WASTE-COMPOSITI
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS". WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEOING CATTL
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DAIRY MANURE UNDER MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES K
DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN LOSS OF DAIRY HASTES DEPOSITED ON SIMULATED ANIMAL CONFINEME
INFLUENCE OF RECYCLING BEEF CATTLE WASTE ON INDIGESTIBLE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION KEYWORDS'.
WINTERING BROOD COHS MAKE BEST USE OF POULTRY LITTER- RESEARCHER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PO
DIETARY ARSENIC EFFECTS ON STORED SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES ARSANILIC-AC 10 S
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE KEYHORDS: ENSILING CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING CATT
65
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
100 77 4391
200 77 4422
300 77 4423
200 76 4433
400 77 4439
300 75 4444
100 76 4456
700 76 4458
100 77 4464
100 77 4465
100 77 4469
100 77 4470
400 73 4488
100 74 4489
300 72 4501
700 74 4502
300 77 4503
100 72 4508
300 77 4510
100 73 4513
400 77 4520
400 77 4522
400 77 4525
400 77 4529
400 75 4531
200 73 4533
100 76 4534
600 4540
700 76 4546
400 77 4553
700 72 4561
300 75 4570
100 77 4573
400 70 4575
100 73 4580
100 75 4585
400 77 4587
100 75 4589
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
100 77 4599
100 76 4600
100 76 4602
200 72 4603
100 75 4608
200 76 4617
200 75 4620
100 77 4628
100 77 4632
100 76 4634
700 72 4635
100 77 4636
100 76 4639
200 75 4650
200 76 4651
100 76 4656
300 77 4659
100 74 4647
100 73 4361
100 72 4012
300 75 4075
300 72 4227
300 72 4228
300 73 4265
200 77 4272
200 77 4282
300 76 4435
300 75 4444
300 77 4461
300 75 4505
200 74 4506
300 77 4510
400 73 4549
400 71 4557
100 75 4560
100 74 4647
100 76 4512
100 76 4000
300 76 4016
400 75 4043
200 74 4050
200 74 4052
200 77 4057
300 76 4067
500 76 4078
500 77 4079
500 77 4093
400 76 4096
300 74 4106
200 74 4127
400 76 4132
400 77 4133
300 77 4134
400 72 4150
400 77 4164
500 75 4196
300 74 4216
300 72 4226
300 74 4252
400 77 4263
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSI TION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-DIGESTION
HASTE-DIGESTION
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-OISPOSAL
HASTE-OISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-OISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISTRIBUTION
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MAMAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PH AND STARCH IN FECES OF RUMINANTS KEYWORDS! DIETS INTESTINAL-
MICROFLORA OF ENSILED MANURE-BLENDED FEED, CORN AND SORGHUM SILAGES KEYWORDS". ENSILING
NO FERTILIZER, SOIL TEST FERTILIZATION, AND HEAVY FERTILIZATION OF CORN—WHAT HAPPENS H
HILLE COMPOST TANK—A DESIGN STUDY FOR A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMPOST TANK USED IN RECLAIMIN
INJECTING MANURE CUTS CORN FERTILIZER COSTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION C
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TJ
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
400
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
100
700
200
300
400
300
400
700
200
400
200
100
200
200
300
400
400
100
200
300
400
100
400
400
500
400
400
300
400
400
200
200
200
300
400
100
400
200
400
300
100
100
400
400
300
700
100
300
100
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
100
400
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
200
300
300
300
100
100
100
100
400
200
200
200
300
500
200
300
200
100
300
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
73
77
77
74
77
72
77
72
74
71
77
76
75
77
76
75
76
75
75
77
74
76
76
77
77
77
76
77
76
76
77
76
77
72
74
74
72
77
77
77
77
77
77
73
76
12
72
73
76
77
77
75
74
76
77
77
75
73
75
77
73
71
71
77
77
70
75
76
75
71
77
77
72
76
75
76
76
72
72
72
72
76
77
77
77
76
77
76
76
76
75
76
4272
4275
4279
4280
4281
4283
4284
4294
4310
4320
4321
4322
4340
4383
4404
4409
4447
4457
4461
4471
4505
4517
4545
4558
4576
4605
4662
4663
4667
4170
4316
4167
4653
4354
4016
4040
4049
4055
4066
4078
4113
4114
4152
4174
4240
4272
4281
4282
4341
4342
4348
4352
4360
4383
4393
4396
4398
4406
4443
4444
4447
4456
4461
4470
4505
4507
4531
4536
4549
4556
4557
4571
4573
4575
4605
4614
4620
4629
4632
4633
4649
4651
4444
4001
4003
4006
4008
4010
4012
4055
4060
4062
4065
4067
4088
4144
4170
4186
,4205
4207
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-POLLUT ION
WASTE-PRODUCTION
WASTE-REMOVAL
WASTE-REMOVAL
WASTE-SOLIDS
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-TRANSPORT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MA
FARMERS AS CLIENTS KEYWORDS: DESIGN HASTE-MANAGEMENT SETTLING-BASINS LAGOONS
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS: SOIL-CONSERVATION-SERVICE
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FOP, THE DESIGN OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAG
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-COM
A FARMERS VIEWPOINT, PART I - BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTLf 6
THE FARMER, S VIEWPOINT, PART II - SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT SHI
FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL RELIES ON DRY MANURE AND RAPID REMOVAL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL FEED
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS LIVESTO
SEMI-CONFINEMENT AT 1 3 THE COST KEYWORDS: SEMI-CONFINEMENT CATTLE ECONOMICS HEATHER HA
HASTE HANDLING-WHICH MANURE MOVING SYSTEM FOR YOU KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEME
THERE S MONEY IN MANURE IF HANDLED RIGHT KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
CAST REVIEWS USDA WASTE MANUAL KEYWORDS: MANUALS LAND-APPLICATION GUIDELINES ENVIRONMEN
HHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL HASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS: WASTE-MAN
CALIFORNIA DAIRYMEN ARE GAINING EXPERIENCE WITH MANURE SEPARATORS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAG
THE NEED FOR INTENSIFICATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND THE CONSEQUENT POLLUTION PROBLEM
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS^ HASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WA
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS WATER-POLLUT
HASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF HESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
AWARD FOR NEBRASKAN KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT DEBRIS-BASINS HOLDING-PONDS LAN
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
MANAGING MANURE HILL SAVE YOU THE MOST ENERGY DOLLARS KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-
EVALUATION OF A FLUSHING-GUTTER MANURE-REMOVAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY IN
HOW TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYWORDS'. HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS HASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-
HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT—OPTIONS FOR CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS HOUSI
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SWINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
THE HASTE PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES STRAH
DECISION TOOLS FOR DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS SELECTION KEYHORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS D
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-MAN
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SWINE FEEOLOT HASTEWATERS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIO
WHAT S MANURE HORTH AS A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-PRODUCTION-RATE FE
MINI LOADERS PROVIDE FAST MANURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS'. WASTE-REMOVAL EQUIPMENT-MANURE-REMOV
AN EXPERIMENT ON DUNG REMOVAL BY APHODIUS LARVAE SCARABAEIDAE AND EARTHWORMS KEYWORDS:
FEED FED, MILK PRODUCED, AND EXPECTED EXCRETA SOLIDS OF DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-CATT
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE H
BACK TO BASICS — 175-BUSHEL CORN FROM LEGUMES AND WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SWIN
ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOIL BENEATH HOG MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SHINE-HA
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
DON'T BE CAUGHT DEAD PUPPING MANURE KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE. GASES AGITATI
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS WASTE-
MANURE STORAGE AREAS HELP SAVE NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE PUMPS NUTRIENTS ECONOM
FEEDLCT POLLUTION CONTROL IS NOT AN EXPENSIVE ITEM LINGER KEYWORDS: POLLUTION-CONTROL
ODORS FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: CDOR-CONTROL LIVESTOCK LEGAL-ASPECTS
OPEN COMPOUNDS FOR SHOUT TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE ECONOMICS DESIGN C
MANURE SYSTEMS PLANNING DATA KEYHORDS: HASTE-STORAGE LAGOONS HOLD ING-PONOS SETTLING-BAS
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEYHORDS'. HASTE-MA
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-COM
TYPES OF HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON ILLINOIS FARMS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREAT
LONG TERM MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS WASTE-STORAGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION TIME LABO
C*P-tS»T* A=-N OR WHY PCOR HASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS YOU MONEY KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES PO
AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE KEY
UNDERGROUND SILOS FOR LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE SILOS LAND-APP
LAND USE OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYHCRDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTES NITROGEN HASTE-COMPO
WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT YOUR 1.57 BILLION TON ANIMAL WASTE PROBLEM KEYWORDS: WASTE-MAN
AN ANALYSIS OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT DESIGNS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DES
WINTER OPERATION OF AERATED LIQUID ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE
ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CATTLE LIQUID MANURE FROM L
CONTROLLING FLIES HITH IN-HOUSE MANURE STORAGE KEYWORDS". FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTE S HAS
NEW HASTE COLLECTICN AND STORAGE SYSTEM KEYWORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION HASTE-STORAGE LIQUID
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYHCROS. LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE HASTE-TREA
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYHORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HA
NITROGEN MOVEMENT NEAR SURFACE MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE MANURE-PIT WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CF WESTERN CATTLE FEEDLCTS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLO
COMPOSITION AND REACTIONS OF LIQUID MANURE GULLE , WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHOSPHA
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH LIQUID MANU
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SHEET KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE 00
STORAGE-STORE MANURE AS IF IT WERE VALUABLE-BECAUSE IT IS KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS CATTLE-
FARM PROGRESS SHOH MORE CATTLE AND LESS WORK HITH CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PEN
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-STO
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM SCRAPES HANURE-AND WORK-AHAY KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSIN
WHAT TO 00 WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
A PLACE FCR POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEED1NG POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE ENSILING SIL
RUNOFF FROM A LOW-COST MANURE STORAGE FACILITY KEYHCRDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STOR
MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION DEHYDRA
AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SWINE FINISHING OPERATIONS
A MODIFIED CENTRIFUGAL MANURE PUMP FOK HANDLING SEMI-SOLID CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS'. PUM
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR COLD CLIMATES KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL-
PERSISTENCE OF THREE SALMONELLA SPP IN BOVINE FAECES KEYWORDS: SALMONELLA CATTLE-WASTE
SIMPLE PHENOLS AND INDOLES IN ANAEROBICALLY STORED PIGGERY WASTES KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTE
CHANGES IN THE SHORT-CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STORED
CONSERVATION OF CATTLE MANURE IN PITS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE NITROGEN-TR
FERTILIZER VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE L
LIVESTOCK WASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE HASTE-TREA
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS'. DESIG
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SHINE HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DESIGN LAGOONS SWINE-WASTES
PROCESSING SOLID MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK-FARMING TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE GARO
SOME POSSIBILITIES AND ASPECTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANUR
POSSIBLE TREATMENT METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE FOR THE MODIFICATION OF ITS PHYSICAL, CHEM
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
HOGMEN SIZE UP OXIDATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION RACETRA
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING MANURE FROM CONFINEMENT OPERATIONS FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: CO.
PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL FROM ANIMAL WASTE REFEEDING KEYHORDS: REFEEDING PATHOGE
PRESERVATION AND REFEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-LITTER C
MANURE HARVESTING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEED
OVERLAND RECYCLING OF ANIMAL HASTE KEYHORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT OVERLAND-SPRAY-IRRIGATION
OVERLAND FLOW PRETREATMENT OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: OVERLAND-FLOW-PRETREATMENT POULT
AUTOMATED TREATMENT AND RECYCLE OF SHINE FEEDLOT WASTEWATERS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES LIO
A LOW COST SETTLING BASIN AND INFILTRATION CHANNEL FOR CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM AN OPEN
HASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES FOR RACEWAY PRODUCTION OF CATFISH KEYWORDS'- FISH-HASTES
STATE-OF-THE-ART SHINE WASTE PRODUCTION AND PRETREATMENT PROCESSES KEYWORDS'. SWINF-HAS
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300 72 4227
200 76 4230
700 72 4271
200 77 4272
200 77 4282
200 76 4305
400 77 4317
200 75 4327
300 77 4334
700 74 4345
200 74 4347
200 76 4367
400 71 4370
200 70 4384
200 76 4403
300 75 4444
700 74 4447
400 77 4499
200 74 4506
400 73 4507
400 77 4519
700 76 4541
400 73 4549
200 75 4558
100 75 4560
700 72 4561
300 75 4593
300 76 4594
400 77 4611
500 73 4623
100 72 4009
400 76 4096
100 76 4104
300 75 4434
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
100 15 4590
100 76 4601
200 76 4305
400 77 4525
300 76 40C1
100 72 4012
300 76 4016
100 76 4017
300 75 4029
300 76 4030
400 75 4043
200 74 4050
700 70 4069
200 76 4073
500 77 4079
500 77 4083
500 77 4084
500 77 4091
500 77 4093
200 76 4094
400 76 4096
100 76 4104
100 76 4105
200 76 4129
700 71 4139
300 76 4176
200 76 4182
500 75 4196
500 75 4197
500 75 4199
300 72 4226
300 72 4227
300 72 4228
300 75 4242
200 76 4261
100 76 4267
200 77 4276
200 77 4278
300 73 4310
400 74 4330
300 74 4366
300 73 4392
100 75 4395
200 75 4401
400 71 4413
300 77 4426
300 75 4434
400 77 4448
100 75 4451
100 76 4452
200 71 4457
300 77 4463
700 73 4467
300 75 4474
400 76 4477
100 76 4496
400 71 4557
100 75 4560
300 75 4570
100 76 4591
100 76 4600
100 76 4601
300 76 4612
100 75 4645
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-HAtER-REUSE
HATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
HATERSHEDS
UATERSHEOS
HATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
HATER
HATER-INF ILTRATICN
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUT1DN
HATER-POLLUTION
UATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-PCLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT(ON
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA PuuLTRYMEN KEYWORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT
THE OXIDATION DITCH A POSITIVE METHOD OF ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL HASTE-TRE
SHORT TERM MINIMUM AERATION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT AERA
DESIGN CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MA
TYPES OF HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON ILLINOIS FARMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREAT
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE WASTES OIL CARBON-MONOKID
HASTE CONTROL CUT HIS FERTILIZER BILL IN HALF KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATBENT-CO
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MANURE IN A CYCLONIC BURNER KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS AND PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: RECYCLIN
AN EVALUATION OF A FULL-SCALE IN-HOUSE OXIDATION DITCH FOR POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POU
LIVESTOCK ODOR CONTROL RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SH
METHANE FERMENTATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT METHANE REFEEDING CATTL
FEEOLOT MANURE-THE ECOLOGY INSPIRED BUILDING MATERIAL KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ECOLITE BUILD
STATE OF THE ART - ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DESIGN
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LAND APPLICATION SY
LIVESTOCK HASTE FACILITIES HANDBOOK KEYWORDS-' LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREA
DECISION MODEL FOR ANIMAL MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WA
LAGOONS S GATORS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS ALLIGATORS WASTE-TREATMENT AERATION
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN SINGAPORE—PRESENT STATUS AND TRENDS KEYWORDS: PRODUCTION SWINE PO
KEEP YOUR SLURRY SMELLING SHEET KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE 00
METHANE SAS ENERGY POSSIBLE FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-TREA
NITROGEN REMOVAL AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OVERLAND FLOW TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES K
EFFLUENT STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FROM INTENSIVE PIG UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-STO
HOH TO CLEAN UP AT THE RACES KEYHORDS HORSE-HASTES RACE-TRACKS HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM HASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUT
USE OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS IN TREATING CHICKEN MANURE COMBINED HITH DOMESTIC SE
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 1 KEYWORDS'. HASTE-TREATMENT
TREATMENT OF HHOLE PIG SLURRY IN AN OXIDATION DITCH—STAGE 2 KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WAS
METHANE GAS MADE FROM CONFINEMENT UNIT HASTE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES SLURRIES HASTE-TREA
A HOMESITE POWER UNIT—METHANE GENERATOR KEYHOROS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SLURRIES HASTE-TR
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID MANURE IN NATURAL- BIOLOGICAL LAGOON SYSTEMS K
EPA HILL USE KSU MODEL AS HASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYHORDS: HATER-QUALITY-INOEX COMP
HATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON A SEMIARID WATERSHED IN S. E. UTAH KEY
MICROBIOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS'. HATER-POLLUTION
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL HATERSHED—QUANTITIESi PROCESSES* AND
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLCTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYHORDS: HATERSHEDS WATER-POLLUT
CONVERSION OF BOVINE MANURE TO OIL KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE HASTES OIL CARBON-MONOXID
MANURE MAKES CENTS KEYHCRDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA FEEDLCT-HASTES CROP-RES
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS - NITROGEN CONTROL KEYWORDS DESIG
WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIQUID MANURE KE
DAIRY MANURE CAN BE USED SAFELY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-STORAGE H
PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN CLIMATES KEYWORDS'. MATHEMATIC
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME I — A MANUAL FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM CROPLAND VOLUME II—AN OVERVIEH KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL
ANIMAL HASTES MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HATER-POLLUTION LE
THE IMPLICATION OF HYDROGEOLOGIC FACTORS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON LAND WITH SPECIAL REFE
THE EFFECT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE COTTONWOOD RIVER, KANSAS KE
IMPACT OF HATCHERY HASTEHATER IRRIGATION UPON CONTIGUOUS STREAM QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATCH
LAND AS A WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATION ANIM
HEALTH HAZARDS DF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL HASTES APPLIED TO LAND KEYHOR
MICROBIAL CONCERNS WHEN WASTES ARE APPLIED TO LAND KEYHORDS: LAND-DISPOSAL SOIL-MICROBI
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HA
HASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT K
NATURE AND IMPACT OF STREAM INPUTS ON A WATERSHED BASIS KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF W
EPA HILL USE KSU MODEL AS HASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS: HATER-OUALITY-INDEX COMP
HATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON A SEMIARIO HATERSHED IN S. E. UTAH KEY
FATE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES IN EFFLUENT FROM LIQUID FARM WASTES KEYWORDS'- LAND-APPLICATION
NONPOINT SOURCES STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEH KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL-RUNO
VARIATION IN THE DENSITY OF POLLUTION INDICATOR BACTERIA IN THE COTTONHOOD RIVER AS REL
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS NH3 AND H2S ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION K
RESOURCE ADEQUACY IN LIMITING NONPOINT POLLUTION KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-POLLUTION HATER-POL
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOOD PRODUCTION, HASTE AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: WATER-POL
TRANSPORT IN STREAMS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION POLLUTANT-SOURCES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS AG
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REDUCING PHOSPHORUS LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS:
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA DAIRYMEN KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA POULTRYMEN KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL GUIDELINES FOR INDIANA SHINE PRODUCERS KEYHORDS: HASTE-OISP
FEASIBILITY OF CHLORINATING FEEDLOT RUNOFF TO MEET BACTERIAL HATER QUALITY STANDARDS KE
OVERLAND FLOH TREATMENT OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OVERLANO-FLOH-TREATMENT SHIN
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF MANURE SPREAD ON FROZEN GROUKO KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LANO-AP
FEDERAL LIVESTOCK HASTE REGULATIONS KEYHORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS PERMITS HATER-POLL
CASE STUDIES OF HATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FEEDLOT OPERATIONS AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR PRIV
LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT-STATE OF THE ART KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLOTS LIVESTO
HASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLL
JOINT LAND SPREADING TRIAL KEYHORDS: SLURRIES SOILS LAND-APPLICATION GRASSLANDS RAINFAL
NITRATES IN THE UPPER SANTA ANA RIVER BASIN IN RELATION TO GROUNDHATER POLLUTION KEYHOR
A MODEL FOR RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM SMALL UPLAND HATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES A
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF HASTE DISCHARGED FROM HIGH DENSITY CATFISH CULTURES K
PREVENTING POLLUTION HHILE EXPANDING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS'. F
PROJECTS IN PROGRESS SOME FEEOLOT INS AND OUTS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS AGRIC
MICROBIOLOGY AND HATER QUALITY IN A TRIBUTARY OF CAYUGA LAKE KEYWORDS; WATER-POLLUTION
CONVERT CITY SEWAGE TU FARM FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICA
THE NEEDS FOR HATER QUALITY MODELS ON AGRICULTURAL HATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION
PHOSPHORUS LOSS BY STREAM TRANSPORT FROM A RURAL WATERSHED—QUANTITIES, PROCESSES, AND
AGRICULTURE S ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE FEEDLOTS HATER-POLLUT
WATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWORDS: FARM-PONDS WATER-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE NEW YORK DAIRY FARM KEY
FEEDLOT PAYS PENALTY KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS IOHA-LAH POLLUTIO
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. HATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-S"
WHAT TO DO WITH ANIMAL WASTES RECYCLING KEYHORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION ODOR A
A MODEL FOR ALLEVIATING FARM HASTE POLLUTION IN ENGLAND— PART 2 KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUT
GUIDELINES FOR MANURE USE AND DISPOSAL IN THE WESTERN REGION, USA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLIC
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE—NONPOINT AND POINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNO
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTE RUNOFF KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-HAS
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT LOADS IN SOME IOWA STREAMS KEYWORDS: HATERSHEDS WATER-POLLUT
PART III-STATE PROGRAM ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT D
HATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NONPOINT-SOURCES PUBLIC
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (ADDENDUM TO VOLUME V)
300
200
400
100
300
100
100
400
200
400
400
100
100
300
300
300
400
400
400
200
200
400
100
400
100
100
400
100
100
200
500
100
100
100
300
100
100
77 4659
74 4667
77 4428
76 4235
77 4463
75 4585
75 4590
76 4096
77 4273
77 4320
77 4498
73 4136
76 4425
76 4312
76 4312
75 4492
77 4123
74 4330
77 4133
76 4403
76 4054
77 4495
75 4137
76 4166
77 4244
74 4344
77 4522
74 4562
76 4045
77 4063
77 4082
77 4145
77 4210
76 4213
75 4429
72 4508
76 4630
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION-CO
HATER-QUALITY
HATER-QUALITY
HATER-QUALITY
HATER-QUALITY
HATER-QUALITY-INDE
HEATHERING
HEATHER
HEATHER
HEEDS
HELLS
HHEEL
HhEEL-LOADER
WHEEL-LOADER
HINDRCHS
WINDROWS
WIND-EROSION
HIND-TUNNELS
WINTER
HINTER
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
AEROBIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO LANO APPLICATION OF SLURRY KEYHORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT
SLURRY PROBLEMS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF SURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-MAN
ENGINEER EXPLAINS NEH HASTE RUNOFF SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONT
RECYCLING OF SHINE MANURE BY SELECTED FISHES KEYWORDS: REFEEOING SWINE-HASTES FISH PERF
HATER QUALITY AND THE FARM POND KEYWORDS: FARM-PONDS HATER-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF
MONITORING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION USING NATURAL FLUORESCENCE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES P
ANALYSIS OF RUNOFF FROM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FEEDLCTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF SALTS I
EPA HILL USE KSU MODEL AS WASTE CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOL KEYWORDS: HATER-OUALITY-INDEX COMP
AN INTRODUCTION TO ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: SOILS VEGETATION WEATHERING CLIMATE T
SEMI-CONFINEMENT AT 1/3 THE COST KEYWORDS: SEMI-CONFINEMENT CATTLE ECONOMICS HEATHER HA
NITROGEN LOSS IN SWINE HASTE APPLICATION STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION NITROGEN-LO
INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON SOWN PASTURES, SEED YIELD AND
GROUND-WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN PHELPS COUNTY, MISSOURI KEYWORDS: GROUNDHATER-OUALITY
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION FEEOLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
FEEOLOT MANURE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY KEYWORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION FEEOLOTS TIME-MOTION-ST
COMPARISON OF FEEOLOT MANURE COLLECTION MACHINERY KEYHORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION ELEVATING-
COMPOSTING MAKES MANURE HANDLING EASY KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING CATTLE-WASTES HINDROHS AERAT
HASTE DISPOSAL IN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYHCRDS: FEEDLOTS MANAGEMENT FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WATER-POLL
AWARDS MADE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES KEYHOROS: AHAROS HASTE-MANAGEMENT RUNOFF-CONTR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS RELATED TO PATHOGENS IN PRETREATMENT-LANO APPLICATION SV
AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION OF WINTER SPREAD MANURE KEYWORDS: AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LAND-AP
PREPARE FOR WINTER KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-MANAGEMENT MANURE-PACK DRAINAGE CLEANING SOLID-HA
CHANGES IN MICR06IAL POPULATION DURING FERMENTATION OF FEEDLOT HASTE WITH CORN KEYWORDS
RECYCLING OF LITTER FOR TURKEY BROODING SAFE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER TURKEYS RECYCLING
FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE FOR POULTRY DIETS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FERMENTATION
ANIMAL HASTES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES SUBSTRATES P
ON STRAH AND GOLD, MANURE AND ALGAE—FEEDING WASTE—IT'S BEING DONE IN A VARIETY OF HAY
CONVERSION OF ORGANIC HASTE INTO PROTEIN KEYHORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT ORGANIC-HASTES
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF CORN AS EFFECTED BY POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES L
RESIDUE TRANSFER AND ACCUMULATION KEYHORDS: REFEEDING FEED-ADDITIVES ANIMAL-HEALTH CATT
MONITORING SEWAGE SLUDGES, SOILS AND CROPS FOR ZINC AND CADMIUM KEYHORDS: ZINC CADMIUM
NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION OF SHINE FECAL WASTE AND UTILIZATION OF THESE NUTRIENTS BY SW
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTE ON COMPOSITION AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY 0
SOLUBLE CATIONS BENEATH A FEEDLOT AND AN ADJACENT CROPPED FIELD KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATI
MANURE--LONG-TERM STUDY KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT
THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS RECYCLING DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN LAYING HEN DIETS ON TRACE H
EFFECT OF GYPSUM, FARMYARD MANURE AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF BERSEEM, RICE AND MAIZE GRO
69
-------
SECTION 6
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
This is the keyword index for the abstracts found in this volume. This
index consists of an alphabetical listing of significant words in an article
or in the title of an article. To the right of the keyword are the first 84
characters contained in the title or the title and a listing of keywords, if
the title is short. To the left of the keyword is the nine digit cross
reference code of the article ascribed to the keyword. The cross reference
code allows the user to look up the abstract for additional information about
the title. Please refer to "Section 2: User's Guide" for examples.
70
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300
200
100
100
100
100
500
500
100
400
700
300
700
500
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
100
100
100
100
500
500
300
100
100
200
400
400
100
100
500
100
100
100
500
500
200
200
300
200
100
200
400
100
100
300
300
100
200
400
300
700
200
200
200
300
300
200
200
200
200
700
200
100
700
300
300
300
300
100
300
300
400
200
200
200
300
600
100
200
200
400
400
200
300
100
500
500
300
300
300
500
300
100
77
71
78
78
78
77
77
77
78
78
75
74
75
77
74
16
73
73
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
77
77
78
74
78
77
77
77
73
78
77
77
71
76
74
72
76
77
78
78
75
77
77
77
76
77
74
74
76
76
76
78
76
77
77
77
77
76
72
77
74
77
76
77
77
77
78
78
77
75
78
78
77
75
78
78
78
78
78
77
76
77
77
77
78
78
76
77
78
77
5047
4762
4842
48 79
4954
5181
5264
5294
5041
4680
4812
4752
4812
5197
4703
4739
4782
4783
4806
4810
4924
4966
5246
5247
5248
5258
5265
5294
5183
4858
4868
4966
4974
4990
5040
5061
5123
5135
5167
5171
5283
5264
4687
4734
4752
4818
4891
4957
4973
5159
5200
4915
5205
4853
5125
4672
4700
4704
4716
4717
4718
4745
4754
4764
4772
4786
4794
4804
4818
4881
4898
4915
4925
4927
4937
4950
4951
5023
5058
5083
5106
5115
5129
5150
5178
5214
5227
4669
4675
4776
4824
4855
4903
4904
4952
5065
5090
5123
5130
5138
ABATEMENT
ACCIDENTS
ACIDIFICATION
ACID-OET6RGENT-FIB
ACIO-DETERGENT-FIB
ACTINOMYCETES
ACTIVATED-SLUDGE
ACTIVATED-SLUDGE
ADDITIVES
ADIPIC-ACID
ADSORBENTS
ADSORPTION
ADSORPTION
ADSORPTION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AERATION
AEROBES
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AEROBIC-TREATMENT
AESTHETICS
AGITATION
AGITATION-RATES
AGRICULTURAL-RESID
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGR 1CULTURAL-RUNOF
AGR ICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGR ICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGR ICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-RUNOF
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
AGRICULTURAL-HASTE
EPA SBA LOANS FOR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION ABATEMENT FINANCE SH
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROHING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYHOR
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF! I. INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, H
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTE-COMPOSITI
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAH BY ACTINOMYCETES KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREA
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF PIG FEEDLOT HASTEHATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: SHINE-HAST
SHINE FEEDLOT HASTEHATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS WASTEHATE
USE OF THIOCARBAMIDE TO CONTROL HOUSE FLIES IN CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTRO
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYHOROS'. FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTEHATER-TREATMENT BIO
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY: A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
AERATION, HATER QUALITY, AND CATFISH PRODUCTION KEYWORDS'. FISH-PRODUCTION AERATION WATE
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE AERAT
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-STORAGE AERATIO
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES WAST
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS: DA
NITRATE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS: SWIME-WASTES OXIDATION-D
POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES: A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SHINE-HASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS:
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SHINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE SHINE-HASTES A
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEODORIZAT ION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES SLURR
VEAL-CALF MANURE DEODORIZATI ON BY SURFACE AERATION KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CATTLE-HASTES
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTR
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STORAS
SWINE FEEDLOT HASTEHATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS WASTEWATE
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT WASTES! A CHEMICAL ANU MICROBIAL PROFILE
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HAS
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYHORDS: SHI
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED 6Y A SHIME-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS:
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS:
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS". SWINE-WASTES WAST
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYHORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN FEEOLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF PIG FEEDLOT HASTEHATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: SWINE-HAST
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE HASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYHOROS: CATTLE-H
THO LEVELS OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS'. MODEL-STUDIES WASTE
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTEWATER-TREATMENT BIO
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE OE-HATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR HASTEWATER KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES AER
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-WASTES HASTEHAT6R-TRE
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATI ON OF SWINE HASTE KE
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM HASTES KEYWORDS'. AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-HASTES SETTLEMENT f
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-WA
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERb METHANE AGITATION
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPON SWINE MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES ODOR A
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLUT
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR WAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA KEYW
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHI CAT I ON OF SURFACE HATERS IN RELATION TO PHOSPHORUS MANURI
RELATIONS BETHEEN PEDOLOGICAL URGANISAIION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREADINGS IN
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF MUTRIEN
COSTS OF SELECTED HASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYHOR
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATHOUDS SOILS KEYHORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYHORDS:
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
HINTER-APPLIED MANURE—EFFECTS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYWORD
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT HASTES 3.1 LAND KEYWORDS CAT!
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT (ARM) MODEL - VERSION I I. REFINEHENT AND TESTING KEYHORDS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION GROUNDHATER-POL
MANURE EFFECTS ON HATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCQNFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: EMVIRONMENTA
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE: SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS: NONPOINT
NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NO.N-POI NT-SOURCE S AGRICU
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYHORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGP.IC
NONPOINT SOURCES- STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERV1EH KEYHOROS: NONPOINT-SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION
TRANSPORT OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF HATER FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES: A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FOREST
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-
AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES MANAGEMEN
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-W
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS WASTES—UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN HASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHOROS: FEE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
BIOCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D1GESTE
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES AS AN ENERGY RESOURCE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FO
71
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200 78 5105
100 77 4766
200 76 4792
300 73 4826
300 77 ",926
100 78 5045
400 78 4671
300 75 4701
200 76 4707
200 77 4775
200 71 4788
200 76 4792
300 73 4820
300 74 4822
400 78 4828
400 78 4841
300 77 4866
500 77 4905
400 77 4936
300 74 4960
400 78 5011
100 76 5013
300 78 5025
100 77 5032
100 78 5044
100 78 5045
100 78 5053
400 78 5067
200 76 5070
200 78 5108
500 77 5123
300 78 5139
100 73 5167
400 78 5174
100 78 5186
300 78 5194
500 77 5197
300 78 5229
100 77 5242
100 77 5257
100 77 5306
300 77 5035
100 77 5251
1DO 77 5250
500 77 5299
400 78 4981
200 77 4765
400 77 4817
300 76 4824
100 77 4895
100 78 4958
5DO 76 4965
400 78 4973
500 77 5026
400 77 5050
100 77 5135
400 73 5192
500 77 5283
400 78 5305
200 77 4769
200 77 4867
300 77 4969
100 76 4827
400 78 4684
2DO 78 4947
100 77 5062
400 76 4671
400 78 4684
100 77 4766
200 74 4781
400 78 4841
300 77 4866
200 77 4867
100 77 4934
300 78 4952
200 77 4966
300 77 5035
100 78 5045
100 78 5046
200 78 5106
400 78 5174
400 78 5212
100 11 5241
100 77 5244
500 77 5276
100 72 4673
700 74 4908
400 78 5212
200 76 4733
100 77 5022
400 78 4693
200 77 4765
200 77 4767
200 77 4769
200 77 4770
200 77 4777
200 74 478!
700 76 4795
300 77 4BOO
200 77 4807
AGRICOLTURAL-HATER
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
AIRSACCULITIS
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUT 1 ON
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLOTION
A I R-POLLUTI ON
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
A IR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLOT I ON
AIR-POLLUTION
A IR-PDLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
A IR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
A I R-POLLUT I ON
AIR-POLLUTION
AIR-POLLUTION
A IR-POLLUT ION
AIR-POLLUTION
A [R-POLLUT ION
AIR-PT LLUTION-CONT
AIR-SCRUBBERS
AIR-SCRUBBING
AIR-SCRUBB ING
ALBUMEN
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALGAE
ALKAL I
NI TY
ALKALINITY
ALUM IN
UM-STA I NLESS
AMB IENT-AMMON 1 A
AMINES
AMINO-
AMINO-
AMMONI
AMMON I
AMMON 1
AMMON 1
AMMON I
AMMON 1
AMMON I
AMMONI
AMMON1
AMMONI
AMMONI
AMMONI
AMMON I
AMMONI
AMMON I
AMMON 1
AMMONI
AMMONI
AMMONI
AMMONIA
CIOS
CID
-LOSSES
AMMONI A-SYNTHES I S
AMMON I UM
AMMONIUM-OXIDATION
AMPROL 1
UM
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROB
1C
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
AiNAEROB
1C
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
AHAEROB 1C
MODELING NITROGEN MOVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES WATERSHED
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS: ZEOLITE
HOW AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS AFFECT AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION LE
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF CO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVI CULTURE. VOLUME I-TREND IDE
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION AMMON
LIQUID MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-WASTES HYDROGEN
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: SHINE FEEDLOTS Al
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYWORDS' SOLID-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES DEN
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF RIGID PLASTIC DUCTS FOR UNIFORM AIR REMOVAL FROM LIQUID MANURE PIT
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
HOW AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS AFFECT AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION LE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS. PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS. LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
WHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WA
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SHINE
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS-" AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES
GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS TEXAS-LAW PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE-W
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENTS SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION ODURS—THE STATE-OF-THE-ART KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION ODOR-C
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYWORDS'.
MICROFLORA OF AIR SAMPLES FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HOUSES AIR-POLLUTION MI
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION AMMON
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKtY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SOLFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEOING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
DUST REDUCTION IN THE BIRD RECEIVING AREA OF A POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT KEYWORDS' AIR-P
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-TRE
DEATH IN A FARM WORKER ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC GASES FROM A LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM - HISCON
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS". SLURRIES WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AMMONIA SWINE ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION
MODEL STUDY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION SWINE
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS. HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY: A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACIING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING OOORANTS WI
BELGIAN LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE BUILDING AND EXPLOITATION OF STOCK-FARMS KEYWORDS'. A
MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BKCODER HOUSE KEYWORDS. POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
SOURCE ASSESSMENT--BEEF CATILE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS CATTLE OUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL SHELTERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CONFINEMEN
OOOU° CONTROL WITH BIOLOGICAL AIR WASHERS KEYWORDS ODOR-CONTROL AIR-SCRUBBING DESIGN
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS FEFULOTS HDOR-CONTRO
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYWORDS DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING HASTE-TREATMENT SW
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEOUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS. POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS. AGRICULTURAL-W
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GROWN ON SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS' LI
HARVESTING ALGAE FRUM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS LAGUONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS". BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-WASTES HASTEWATER-TRE
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
IT S NO BULL COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION UF CHLORELLA EMERSUNII UN PIG MANURE KEYWORDS SHINE-HASTES WAS1
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING A
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOUNS DESIGN FEEDLOVS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT wlJS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING bl
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOK POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS DAIRY-HASTES ANA?
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS SLOTTEO-FLOORS SHEEP CONFIJEMENT-PENS FLOOR
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF JASS DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX DURING GROWTH I.
PUTTING THE LID ON ODUR KEYWORDS. ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HYDROGEN-S
METHANE AND DIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CURiN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
LIUUIO MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYWORDS. AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-WASTES HYDROGEN
PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR KEYWORDS- ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-HASTES CO'IF HE MENT-PEN S HYDROGEN-S
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AOUACULTURE KEYWORDS ZEOLITE
SHINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL HUH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES GASE
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS" AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
THREF YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAISY LA3001 KEYWORDS JAIRY-HASTES ANAE
A DYN4M1C MODEL FOR SIMULUIOV OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
CONVERSION UF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE 10 ETHYLENt AND AM.'-'ONIA SYNTHESIS CAS KEYWORDS'. FEE
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SWINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS.
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEL-F CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS CATTLE DUST} GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION AMMON
ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF POULTRY EXCRETA FROM HENS CONSUMING FC-:(j TREATED WITH AN IIUO
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS LANU-APPLICAT I ON AGRIC
AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS1 AMMONIA SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH A IMLL KEACTUH KEYwrmr/S
METHANE ON THE MOVE--A DISCUSSION Of SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS Kb Y WCM'J S METHANE ANAERO
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC [JA1KY LAGOON KEYWORuS >\ I • V- WA ^ T E ^ ~ IAGOONS
72
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200
400
400
100
100
300
100
300
200
WO
400
200
200
300
300
400
200
300
500
300
100
300
100
100
400
200
200
400
400
400
300
200
100
500
500
200
200
400
300
100
400
100
100
300
100
600
400
300
200
500
100
500
200
200
600
500
100
200
200
200
200
200
400
100
400
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
200
100
100
400
400
300
500
200
100
300
400
100
100
100
100
100
200
300
100
400
400
400
100
100
400
300
77
77
77
78
77
77
78
77
78
74
76
77
78
78
78
76
76
77
78
78
78
73
78
73
78
76
73
78
78
77
78
77
77
77
77
75
77
76
76
78
77
77
76
70
78
78
78
76
77
77
76
78
78
77
77
71
77
72
77
77
8
8
e
2
9
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
71
72
77
78
78
76
77
76
75
77
78
77
77
78
78
78
76
78
77
78
78
78
73
78
78
78
4808
4850
4852
4858
4868
49 16
4934
4944
4966
4974
4990
5005
5019
5055
5065
5067
5073
5090
5123
5130
5144
5152
5167
5171
5192
5195
5199
5209
5220
5224
5226
5230
5243
5276
5283
4773
4764
4817
4824
4843
4849
4853
4855
4859
4874
4917
4935
4940
4947
4965
4993
5026
5097
5127
5196
5287
5303
4687
4779
4818
4867
4957
4973
4858
4692
4696
4697
4711
4727
4728
4730
4736
4743
4766
4788
4799
4813
4833
4841
4870
4906
4918
4963
4969
4981
4989
5007
5045
5053
5054
5071
5079
5096
5134
5143
5166
5167
5170
5174
5176
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROB 1C
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
ANAERUBIC
ANAERU8IC-DIGESTIG
ANAERGBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIQ
ANAERiJBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAERUBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST!!!
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGEST ID
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAERUBIC-OIGESTIQ
ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEftOBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROSIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROB IC-DIGEST 10
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO
ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIU
ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATHEN
ANAEROB I C-TREATH EN
ANAEROB I C-TREATMEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN
ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN
ANOROGENS
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEAL TH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
AN IMAL-HEALTH
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYHORDSt ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNOS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HAS
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYWORDS: SWI
METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGE
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SWINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS.'
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANUKE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS.
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS. SHINE-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS: ANAERO
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS. WASTE-MANAGE
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IHPLEME
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION UF THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER K
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC DIGESTS
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-WA
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS', RECYCLING A
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORD
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
SALT BUILDUP CAUSES LAGOON FAILURE KEYWORDS: LAGOONS DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC ELECTRICAL-
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYWORDS' RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEOING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL. AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METH
A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS SWEN
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALOOOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS'. WASTE-ST
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXIC1TY HY
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' LAGOONS DESIGN FEEDLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGES
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES DA
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUI AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYHORDS POULTRY-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS' AGRICIILTURAL-W
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION HOULTRY-WASTES V
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE G4S KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPO'I SWINE MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES ODOR A
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS WASTES — UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS' AGRI CULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOWA FARM--AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT I BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-WA
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEOING MET
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTE
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS' BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES CHEM
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS- RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICI PAL-WASTE
ANAEROBIC PROCESSES INCLUDING MtlHANE FPOM FARM WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION FA
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING GAS-PROOUCTI
METHANE FROM MANURE! FACT UR FANTASY KEYWORDS METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WAS IES-ANAEROHIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSISr HYDROGENAT I ON KEYWOR
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY WASTE. I. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CON
STORAGE Of BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS.' CATTLE-W
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS. DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR WASTEWATER KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES AER
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEULOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS. LIQUID-WASTES WASTEWATER-TRE
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HAS
LET THEM EAT WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-WASTtS SWINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS 0
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES PATHOS
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS' WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECONOMICS SPRAY-IRRI GAT I
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: S W'INE-WA STE S POULTRY-WASTES CA TTLE-WASTE S SH
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANOSPREAD ING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-W
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLI CAT ION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
THE APPLICATION OF NATORAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS. ZEOLITE
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TG DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
STUDIES ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND SALMONELLA UOVIS-MORBIFICANS ON S
LI STER I A-ENCEF AL I T I S IN COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM A BROILER-FARM KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-HEALTH
RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING AN1
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION CONH NEMEN T-P ENS SWINE
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOR
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTLE PROT
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEED1
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEFP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYWORDS. DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES HA
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POL YCHLOR INATEO B1PHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. P
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS' AIR-POLLUTI ON AMMON
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS. AIR-PJLLUTION BACTERIA TU8
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES — A REVIEW KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-WASTES LA
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN OPW FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS' REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DR1E
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS KEFEEOING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPEH-TOXI
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS REFEEDING POULTRY-HA
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE MAKES SENSE: CANADIANS KEYWORDS'- REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES PERFORMA
PREPARING BROILER HOUSE WHEN USING OLD LITTER KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING ANIMAL
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYHORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-IREATMENT AEROBIC A
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATOOE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMM
AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS AMMONIA SWINE ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'. CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 5212
100 78 5233
100 77 5252
500 77 5273
500 77 5274
500 77 5275
500 77 5276
500 77 5288
500 77 5268
100 75 4698
200 76 4740
200 76 4741
200 76 4742
200 76 4744
300 76 4754
400 77 4817
100 73 4819
300 76 4824
100 76 4863
500 77 4901
500 77 4904
500 77 4905
500 77 4906
500 77 4907
400 77 4933
200 77 4943
300 76 4964
400 78 4974
400 77 4964
300 73 5024
100 74 5027
100 76 5036
100 78 5054
100 75 5081
100 76 5082
100 74 5067
500 77 5123
400 77 5177
100 78 5178
400 7B 5187
400 73 5192
100 75 5200
400 76 5212
200 7B 5214
300 78 5229
100 76 5232
100 76 5233
400 78 5236
500 77 5265
500 77 5266
400 77 4793
200 76 4728
1UO 76 4995
200 76 4730
300 77 5205
400 78 5220
500 77 5274
200 76 4729
100 77 4766
400 78 4931
500 77 4905
200 78 5156
700 77 5182
300 77 4866
200 76 4739
700 75 4812
100 78 4879
200 78 4947
100 78 4954
200 76 5070
200 78 5100
400 78 4680
300 74 4700
200 76 4733
300 76 4754
200 77 4770
200 77 4807
400 78- 4841
100 78 4642
100 78 4857
300 77 4866
300 77 4915
300 77 4937
100 75 4963
300 77 4962
100 77 5032
100 78 5044
100 78 5053
100 77 5062
300 78 5176
200 76 5199
300 77 5205
400 78 5206
400 78 5220
100 78 5308
100 78 4694
200 73 4763
400 78 4979
400 77 5099
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL-PRODUCTION
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
A^J IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTE S
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WAS TES
AN IMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
ANIMAL-WASTES
AN IMAL-WAS TES-PROC
ANTHELM 1 NT ICS
ANTHELMINT ICS
ANTIBACTERIAL-AGEN
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIUTIC-FUNGAL
AQUACULTURE
AOUACULTURE
ARID-LANDS
ARSENIC
ARTHROPODS
ASCARIDS
ASH
ASH
ASH
ASH
ASH
ASH
ASH
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
HACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTER 1 A
BACTER I A
BACTER I A
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BACTERIA
BARRIERED-LANOSCAP
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEDDING
WARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS: GASES HYDROGEN-SULFIDE METHANE CARBON-OIOX
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COH
OEOOORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SWINE-WASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECOLOGY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS EPIDEMIOLOGY
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS'. EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXICITY HY
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
WORLD DEMAND FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN FOOD, 1970-2000 KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-PRODUCTION
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION HERBICIDES ANIM
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR MANURES-COMPARISON BETWEEN COUNTRIES OF THE EEC, 2ND APPROXIMAT
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HARMONISAT I ON OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS IN THE EEC COMM
HARMONISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS:
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWO
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-W
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPEDANCE TO SIMULATED SEEDLING EMERGENCE BY THE ADDITION OF MANURE
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOR
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS' MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEOMG KEYWORDS REFEEOING ANIMAL-WASTES ENSILING CHEMICAL-TREATM
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES ODOR MEASUR
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS!
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR COMPOSTING MANURE KEYWORDS- EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING COMPOSTING 0
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICAT I UN FERTILIZERS NU
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER, LEACHING LEVELS AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE PERF
ASKOV 1984—FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES FER
FATE UF PATHOGENS I >1 SOILS RECE1VIVG ANIMAL WASTES—A REVIEW KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES LA
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS AND MANURES ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMI
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE FYM ON THE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CALCIUM AVAILABI
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES LANO-APP
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-UF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
USES UF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS' ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-
AM ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS' RECYCLING A
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-WASTES SETTLEMENT F
WARNING-MANURE OASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS: GASES HYOROGEN-SULFIOE METHANE CARBON-DIOX
TRANSPORT OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF WATER FKOM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
EFFECT UF AMENDMENTS TO SAND TO INCREASE THE MOISTURE LEVEL FOR THE GROWTH OF BAJRA PE
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AMD CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COW
MANURE SPREADING HUILOS SOIL AND PROFITS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS FERTILIZERS
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FEEOLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES OUOR AN I HAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
AGRICULTURE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUT
A1IMAL WASTE FEEDING GUIDES SET FOR STATES KEYWORDS REFEEDING ANIMAL-WASTES-PROCESSED
AN APPROACH TU THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
EFFECTS UF RESIDOES OF CERTAIN ANTHELMINT ICS IN BOVINE MANURE ON ONTHOPHAGUS GAZELLA, A
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYWORDS LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE (IN SOIL-EFFECT ON STIL SALINITY KEYWORDS LIQUID-WAS
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS: ZEOLITE
FARMING IN WASTE WAIER MAY AID DEVELOPING NATIONS KEYWORDS AOUACULTURE WASTEWATER-REUS
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AJD BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE AERAT
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL QXIOAIION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I INFLUENCE UF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, W
METHANE AND 8IOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEFDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS WASTE-COMPOS ITI
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEDING KEYWORDS POULTRY-WASTES CHEMICAL-
RECYCLING SWINE WASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATIUN KEYWORDS REFEEUINb SWINE-WASTES SW
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS [N AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS. MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALIIY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TU SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALIH KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE
COMPARATIVE VALUE UF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYWOR
A COMPARISON OF DROP-PLATE AND POUR-PLATE METHODS FOR BACTERIAL PDPULATION COUNTS OF PO
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECIS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTI ON SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-WA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION GROUND WATER-POL
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTES AS FEED INGSTUFFS KEYWORDS PUULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEEDI
PURPLE SULFUR BACTtRIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST nEYHJROS SWINE-HASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARA-1ETERS KEYWORDS:
MICROFLORA OF AIR SAMPLES FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS POULTKY-HJUSES A IR-POLLUTI ON MI
AEROSOL CONCENTRA1ION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
FERMENTATION OF SWINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FDR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS! CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
COLOR THESE LAGOONS PURPLE KEYWORDS ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES PURPLE-SULFUR-6ACTERIA
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYWORDS LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBACTERI ACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY A BARRIERED WASTEWATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS'.
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES WAST
NOW LOOK WHAT THEY'RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES CONFINEMENT t WASTE REUSE KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
74
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
400
100
400
200
100
100
100
100
300
400
200
200
300
400
400
400
300
100
300
200
300
200
400
700
500
100
200
100
400
300
100
500
500
500
500
500
100
500
100
100
400
200
700
400
400
200
300
400
100
500
100
400
100
500
100
200
200
400
400
100
200
100
100
400
500
100
400
200
400
400
100
400
400
200
100
400
100
400
200
200
200
200
200
200
400
200
100
300
400
400
400
400
100
400
100
100
300
200
300
78
78
78
78
71
77
78
75
77
78
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
74
77
77
76
74
77
78
74
77
78
77
77
77
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
75
73
77
78
76
78
78
76
77
77
78
76
77
78
75
77
78
76
78
78
77
74
71
77
78
77
77
78
78
74
77
78
77
78
78
77
77
76
73
78
76
76
76
74
77
77
77
77
77
76
78
78
78
78
78
77
78
75
77
76
t7
5151
5234
5308
5221
4687
4856
5057
5200
5249
5183
5050
4763
4777
5130
5224
5302
5305
4700
5033
5088
4744
4752
4763
4823
4882
4902
4929
4959
5016
5050
5055
5249
5274
5284
5286
5298
5300
5138
4965
4678
4801
4847
5106
4921
4669
4675
4732
4751
4817
4958
4965
5135
5228
4678
4907
5060
5074
5156
5305
4875
5087
4747
5016
4956
4887
4901
5144
4671
4781
4852
4972
4993
5212
5143
4807
4946
4674
4689
4699
4714
4730
4755
4758
4779
4786
4791
4794
4813
4825
4830
4834
4839
4840
4842
4861
4878
4883
4913
4918
4923
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEDDING
BEETLES
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN
BIOCHEMICAL-PROPER
BYCONVERSION
BIOOEGRADA8ILITY
BIOGAS
BIOGAS
BIOGAS
BIOGAS
BIOGAS
8IOINDICATORS
B10LOG1CAL-COMTROL
BIOLOGICAL-FILTRAT
BIULOGICAL-FIXATIO
BIOLOGICAL-TREAIME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATHE
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLQGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATHE
BIOLOGICAL-TRtATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
BIOLOGICAL-TREATME
blOLOGICAL-TREATME
UIDMASS
BIO-CONVERSION
BORON
BREEDING-HABITATS
BREWERY-WASTES
BUFFER-STRIPS
BULK-DENSITY
BY- PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PROOUCT-RECOVER
HY- PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
BY-PRODUCT-RECOVER
UY-PRODUCT-RECUVER
BY-PROOUCT-RECUVE1!
CALC IUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALC IUM
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
CALC IUM-BENTON ITE
CALCIUM-CARBONATE
CANADA-LAW
CAHDIDA-UTILIS
CARBARYL
CARBON
CARBON
CARBON
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARBON-DIOXIDE
CARCASS-QUALITY
CATIONS
CATIONS
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
HOH CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS1. HASTE-MANAGEMENT DA IRY-INDUSTRY BEODIN
BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, HIND BEST FOR HANDLING HASTE KEYHORDS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTER08ACTERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
LESSER MEALHORM BEETLES INVADE MAINE RESIDENCES KEYWORDS: BEETLES POULTRY-HASTES INSECT
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF H
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-OUALIT
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-HASTES SETTLEMENT F
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYHORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE .FEEDLOT WASTES1. A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
IT'S NO BULL'. COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS CATTLE-HASTES
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
EXPERIENCES FROM OPERATING A FULL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS'. ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYHORDS.' ANAEROBIC DIGESTS
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYHUROS'. RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEDING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
BIOCONVERSION NO PANACEA AS DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: BIOGAS METHANE ECONOMICS REC
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BI
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
MECHANICAL ROTAVATIUN OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTR
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS! 1.BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER — TERRINGTON EHF REPORT
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF HASTEHATER-TREATMENT BIO
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
MORE DEAR MOTHER A LETTER FROM JIM LAWRENCE KEYWORDS'. HEATING PHYSIC AL-TREA TMENT BIOLOG
A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HAST
PROPERTIES OF HASTE WATERS KEYHORDS: HASTEHATER-MANAGEMENT WASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS'. ROTATING-FLIGHTED
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND WASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: SYS
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
IT'S NO BULL!COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COH MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYHURDS: CATTLE-WASTES
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS'. SHINE
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF PIG FEEDLOT WASTEHATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: SHINE-HAST
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APPLIC
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS. FEEDLOTS POULTRY-WASTES SHINE-HASTES LIQUID
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS. FEEDLOTS SHINE-HASTES DA IRY-INDUSTRY POL
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY HASTES AS AN ENERGY RESOURCE KEYWORDS; AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FO
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYHORDS BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYHOROS1. FERT
INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE POULTRY MANURE BREEDING HABITAT ON EMERGENCE DENSITY OF SYNANTHR
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN HASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS' FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-WASTES BREWERY-HAST
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOIS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS'. C AT ILE-WASTES
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES. A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WA STF S FOREST
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-
INVENTIUNS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLU
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOI WASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
HARVESTING ALGAF FROM LAGUJN EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS' BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION UF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WAST
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM rfASTE 10 PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTE
NOTE UN SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS' FERT
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY. EFFECT OF DRYING K
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYHORDS REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
COLORADU BIOGAS PLANT WIJS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS: FttDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BI
FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-1NTENS ITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE FYM ON THE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CALCIUM AVAILABI
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOS
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEOLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
RESPONSE OF CULIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYWO
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPL1C ArI ON ANIMAL-WASTE
CARBON NITRUGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC DIGEST
LIQUID MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-HASTES HYDROGEN
SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS SWINE-WASTES CASE
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS' FEEOLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS' FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLI
BIGGASIFI CAT I ON USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYWORDS' LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES CHEM
WARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS.' GASES HYOROGEN-SUL FIOE METHANE CAR60N-DIOX
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE MAKES SENSE CANADIANS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES PERFORMA
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE 10 GROUND WATER KEYWO
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS' REFEEDING CURKAL-HDUSTRIES CATTLE-
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYWORDS' CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
FEEDING FEEDLOT HASTE TO CATTLE KEYHOROS REFEEDING FEEDLOT-WASTES CATTLE HARVESTING E.J
THE INFLUENCE UF ANIMAL MANURES UN THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE UF CATTLE KE
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
BEEF FEEDLOTS IN THE HUMIU SOUTHEAST KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT DESIGN
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS DESIGN FEEDLOIS CATTLE WASTE-MANAG
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAHIA GRASS KEYHOROS SLURR
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION
RECYCLED POULTRY WASTES OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO COW-CALF OPERATORS KEYWORDS. REFEEOING
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF 6E6F CATTLE ON FLATWOODS SOILS KEYWORDS' CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
LISTERIA-ENCEFALITIS IN COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM A BROILER-FARM KEYWORDS. ANIMAL-HEALTH
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOfl NUISANCE LAWSUITS KEYWORDS ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
INNOVATIONS ARE SEEN IN 1980S CATTLE FEEDING KEYWORDS' CATTLE FEED-ADDITIVES STIMULANTS
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER REFEEOI
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE OF POULTRY WASTE FEED KEYWORDS". POUL TRY-WAS TES-DRI ED REFEEOIN
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEULflTS CATTLE L[OUI0-HASTES FLUSHING
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE FOR LAMOS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYHOR
THE BEST OF FOUR BARNS KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN CATTLE PERFuRMANCE LAND-APPLIC
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TO IWOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS CATTLE-HASTES
HASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS REFEEDING DIGEST1BILTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE WASTE-REC
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS REFEEDING PUULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTLE PRUT
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 77 4933
400 78 4939
400 78 4941
100 75 4948
400 72 4992
400 78 5012
100 76 5021
300 77 5035
300 77 5048
100 78 5095
100 78 5124
400 78 5147
300 78 5176
300 78 5203
400 78 5208
400 78 5217
100 78 5233
500 77 5267
500 77 5270
100 72 4673
400 78 4674
100 70 4676
200 71 4687
200 76 4710
200 76 4711
200 76 4714
200 76 4718
200 76 4728
200 76 4736
200 76 4743
300 76 4754
200 77 4772
200 77 4773
200 77 4778
200 75 4784
700 76 4805
700 75 4812
300 72 4821
100 78 4842
100 72 4844
400 77 4847
400 78 4649
100 77 4860
100 70 4874
100 75 4883
700 77 4888
700 74 499B
700 74 4908
100 78 4911
100 77 4914
600 4917
700 76 4921
700 73 4922
100 77 4945
100 77 4949
300 78 4951
300 78 4952
100 77 4953
100 78 4954
100 78 4955
200 77 4961
500 76 4965
100 77 4970
100 78 4971
400 78 4972
100 75 4986
100 76 4995
400 78 5001
400 78 5011
100 77 5016
200 74 5017
100 76 5018
100 76 5021
300 78 5023
300 77 5048
400 77 5050
100 77 5064
200 76 5073
100 74 5089
300 76 5090
200 78 5109
200 78 5111
100 77 5118
100 76 5119
100 75 5120
300 78 5130
100 76 5140
400 78 5143
400 78 5146
400 78 5147
300 78 5153
400 75 5157
100 78 5173
100 77 5160
300 78 5183
500 77 5197
700 77 5198
100 76 5210
400 78 5211
300 74 5213
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-BASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-HASTES ENSILING CHEMICAL-TREATM
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION PA
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CATTL
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN MAIZ
IOHA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS! OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BARN CLEAN KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY BY COWS OR BY CAL
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE DUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
MANURE REFEEDING TO BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING CATTLE PERFORMANCE
FRACTIONATION OF NITROGEN ISOTOPES BY ANIMALS: A FURTHER COMPLICATION TO THE USE OF VA
BROILER GROWERS WITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
CATTLE MILKED WELL AMD GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAINING MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS! CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS: SILAGES ENSILING
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE WASTE-STORAG
DPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COWS KEYWORDS- REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CATTLE PERFORMA
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COW
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2. EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CORRAL-INDUSTRIES CATTLE-
FOULING OF PASTURES BY DUNG KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES PASTURES HASTE-COMPOSITION DEGRADAT
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-HASTES SH
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR HUN
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF 6EEF MANURE KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC-DIGES
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAHIA GRASS KEYWORDS: SLURR
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DA
DESIGM AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R DETERS-FABI AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE WASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYWOR
UTILIZATION OF COW-MANURE, HATCHERY-WASTE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN HASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS: FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-HASTES BREHERY-HAST
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES RECYCL
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, HATER, AND NITROG
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TO AVOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL WASTE FRO
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT HASTES ON LAND KEYHORDS'. CATT
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHORDS: OX I
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYHORDS: RUM
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT.' I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYHORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-HA
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS! CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPL
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING DI ETHYLSTILBESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS'- FEE
SELECTIVE MORTALITY OF INSECTS IN MANURE FROM CATTLE FED RABON AND DIMILIN KEYWORDS'. IN
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS HASTE-COMPOSITI
NITRIFICATION AND DEN ITRIFI CAT I ON IN CATTLE MANURE-AMENDED SOIL KEYWORDS: LANO-APPLICA
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: VEGETATIVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEDL
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS: BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON WATER-STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WA
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES HITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS! CATTLE-HASTES
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLI
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CERTAIN ANTHELMINT 1CS IN BOVINE MANURE ON ONTHOPHAGUS GAZELLA, A
SCRAPING AHAY HASTE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LAND-A
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION PUBL1C-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE-W
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY AND SWINE WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SE
COH SLURRY MANAGEMENT HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGET'S KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA STE S SLU
TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY BY COWS OR BY CAL
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYHOROS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
MANURE REFEEDING TO BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING CATTLE PERFORMANCE
IT S NO BULL COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COH MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES
EFFICACY OF METHOPRENE ALTOS IDUIGRj , AGAINST THE HORN FLY WHEN FED TO CATTLE IN MINER
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION OF THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER K
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS WITH PLOUGHED-IN STRAH IN THE CR
BIOCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-HATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS WASTE-ST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES R
IHE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS'- ANAEROBIC DIGESTS
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON NOOULATION AND NITROG
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE MAKES SENSE! CANADIANS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES PERFORMA
CATTLE FURNISH CHEAP SHINE FEED KEYHOROS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES SWINE ECONOMICS
CATTLE MILKED HELL AND GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAINING MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-
INTRODUCING DUNG BEETLES AS AN AID IN MANURE DISPOSAL AND FLY CONTROL.KEYWORDS: FLY-CON
NEH SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF CATT
PARASITES OF HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS AND OTHER FLIES BREEDING IN BOVINE FECES IN NORTHEAST
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES: A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY'. A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROHTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HABITS OF THE INSECT FAUNA INHABITING CATTLE DROPPINGS IN NORTH C
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING HASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYHOROS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES SO IL-CONTAMINA
76
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
100
400
100
100
500
400
400
100
700
100
100
200
500
200
100
500
400
700
200
300
300
500
200
300
200
100
700
200
300
200
100
200
200
200
100
200
100
500
700
200
100
100
200
300
100
300
100
700
400
400
700
400
200
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
500
500
100
300
300
200
100
200
500
500
500
500
100
400
100
100
400
400
200
200
200
500
300
700
100
300
100
100
300
200
200
100
400
300
400
'+00
500
400
<.oo
78
78
78
77
77
77
78
78
77
76
70
78
76
77
78
75
77
78
75
76
76
73
77
76
74
77
77
74
78
77
74
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
77
74
76
72
76
78
78
77
78
77
76
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
76
78
77
77
77
78
74
78
77
77
78
77
77
77
77
77
78
77
75
78
78
77
76
77
77
78
75
77
78
78
78
74
76
74
78
77
78
78
77
77
78
75
5215
5216
5222
5248
5261
5292
5305
5312
5313
4668
4874
4954
5125
5281
4947
5200
5288
4669
4812
4740
4964
5024
5197
4739
4752
4773
4893
4898
4947
4982
5017
5057
5106
5113
5156
5159
5227
5249
5286
4704
4742
4802
4928
5113
5183
5239
4952
4753
4668
4677
4836
4888
4933
4959
4993
5016
5039
5043
5070
5216
5249
5274
5275
5307
4700
4940
4770
4862
5113
5274
5275
5294
5298
4950
4834
4987
4678
4816
5215
5238
4711
'.811
4900
5131
4812
4746
5201
5306
4877
4752
4729
4759
4879
4887
4940
4974
4984
5026
5066
5157
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-WASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CATTLE-HASTES
CELLULOLYSIS
CELLULOSE
CELLULOSE
CELLULOSE
CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARA
CENTRIFUGATION
CENTRIFUGING
CERECO
CHAR
CHAR
CHEMICAL-ANALYS I S
CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL-OXIDATION
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-UE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEM-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OE
CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DE
CHEMICAL-PRECIPITA
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEW1CAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-PROPERTIE
CHEMICAL-REACTORS
CHEMICAL-SOIL-STAB
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMICAL-TREATMENT
CHEMISTRY
CHINO-BASIN
CHLORIDES
CHLORIDE
CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION
CHLOR [NAT ION
CHLORINATION
CHLORINATION
CHLORINE
CHOLINE
CHROMATQGR APHY
CHROM IUM
CLEANING
CLEANING
CLIMATES
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
COAGULATION
COLIFORMS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORMS
COLIFORM-BACTERIA
COLOR
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOS! ING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING
THICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. CAT
HASTIGATION KEYWORDS1. CATTLE-WASTES IRRIGATION WASTE-COMPOSITION LAND-APPLICATION ECONO
VEAL-CALF MANURE DEODORIZATI ON 8Y SURFACE AERATION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CATTLE-HASTES
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY HITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
COST OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS HATER-POLLUTION CA
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING 81
AGRICULTURAL HASTES IN FISH FARMING KEYWORDS'- SWINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES POULTRY-HASTES
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING. I. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEDLOT HASTE KEYHOROS. FEEDLOT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHOROS. CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTE-COMPOSITI
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLOT WASTES KEYHORDS. AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND DEHATER1NG KEYWORDS. SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR 8EEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS. LI WE STOCK-HASTE
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM HASTES KEYHORDS. AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-HASTES SETTLEMENT F
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS. REFEEDING
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES.' A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FOREST
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR MANURES-COMPARISON BETWEEN COUNTRIES OF THE EEC, 2ND APPROXIMAT
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES ODOR MEASUR
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICAT ION FERTILIZERS NU
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY.' A CASE HISTORY KEYWOR
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS.' LIQUID-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE AERAT
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTEHATER-TREATMENT BIO
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYHOROS ANAEROBIC-DIGES
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS.' SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT HASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS'. CATT
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTE
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF 8EEF, DAIRY AND SWINE HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'- SE
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUALIT
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE HASTE KE
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS. ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS. BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APPLIC
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR WAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA KEYW
HARMONI SATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS'.
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTATION I. BASIC EXPERIMENT ON CO
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT WASTES'. A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
MEASUREMENT OF ODOUR INTENSITY IN FARMING SITUATIONS KEYWORDS: ODOR-MEASUREMENT CHEHICA
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS: FEE
A REVIEW OF MULCHES TO CONTROL WIND EROSION KEYWORDS: WIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEOLOT WASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYS1CAL-TREA
SWINE ODOR NOT LOWERED MUCH BY CONTROL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES OD
DEALING WITH ODORS KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL MASK ING-AGENTS ENZYMATIC-PRODUCTS CHEMICAL-TR
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEU1NG KEYHORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-WASTES ENSILING CHEM1CAL-TREATM
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND WASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: SYS
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-HASTES CHEM
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE FOK BROILERS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DR
THIOCARBAMIDE AS AN INSECTICIDE WHEN APPLIED TO CAGE LAYING HEN FECES KEYWORDS: FLY-CON
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYOROSEEOING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND WASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS.' CAT
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS'- ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUHOFF KEYWORDS'- AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROS!
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDUATEP. QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HOLD I NG-PONDS LOGOUN
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOP EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH AN I SAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
SHINE FEEOLOT WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS! SHINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTEWATE
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYHORDS: FEEOLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SWINE-WASTES LIQUID
MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER? STUDY SAYS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDI
QUANTITATION OF INDOLE AMU SKATOLE IN A HOUSED SWINE UNIT KEYWORDS- SWINE-WASTES CONFIN
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FEHT
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES MANURE-PITS CLEANI
TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS: CaTILE-WASIES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
USE OF CLIMATIC DATA IN ESTIMATING STORAGE DAYS FOK SOILS TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. C
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL S^TEMS KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
SOILS FOP. MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AMD WASTE l-'flTERS KEYWORDS^ ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL UF RESIDUE FROM THE PtRTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVEST I GA 11 ON OF ALBER1A MEA T-P ACI- I NG PLANT WASTES WITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYWORDS'. POULTPY-L
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBACTERI ACEAE IN RECYCLLU MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
FERMENTATION AMD UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER r-NSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS! FEEDLOT-RUNDFF WASTEWATER-TREA THE NT BIO
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS OECUNT A.", I Nc.T I ON AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KCYn'OKDS: COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-WASTE
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF'. I. INFLUENCE UF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, W
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KFYHORDS: FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS:
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR COMPOSTING MANURE KEYWORDS: EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING COMPOSTING 0
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
BROILER LITTER REMOVED, COMPOSTED, AMD USED AGAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER COMPOSTING P
NFH SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYHOPDS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
77
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 5165 COMPOSTING ONE FARMER'S OUTLOOK ON COMPOSTING MANURE KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING LAND-APPLICATION
400 78 5187 COMPOSTING USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-
300 78 5194 COMPOSTING MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION ASR-POLLUT
400 78 5224 COMPOSTING SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYHORDS RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEDING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
100 77 5258 COMPOSTING INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTR
500 77 5265 COMPOSTING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-STORAG
500 77 5285 COMPOSTING COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FE6DLOTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES WINDROWS CO
100 78 5308 COMPOSTING DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBACTERIACEA6 IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
100 73 4819 COMPOST EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWO
200 77 4763 COMPUTER-MODELS MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
200 77 4771 COMPUTER-MODELS MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
200 77 4774 COMPUTER-MODELS A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SWINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
200 77 4811 COMPUTER-MODELS SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
300 76 4859 COMPUTER-MODELS ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOWA FARM—AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
700 74 4882 COMPUTER-MODELS A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HAST
100 78 4930 COMPUTER-MODELS MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
200 78 5156 COMPUTER-MODELS NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
200 77 5310 COMPUTER-MODELS SCHEDULING SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS MANAGEMENT SWINE
200 77 5238 COMPUTER-PROGRAMS USE OF CLIMATIC DATA IN ESTIMATING STORAGE DAYS FOR SOILS TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: C
400 78 4835 CONCRETE-TRENCHES MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
100 77 4893 CONDUCTIVITY THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
300 77 4982 CONDUCTIVITY PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
400 74 4988 CONFINEMENT PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES W
300 70 5086 CONFINEMENT WORLDWIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
400 78 5215 CONFINEMENT TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
400 78 5234 CONFINEMENT BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, HIND BEST FOR HANDLING HASTE KEYHOROS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
100 77 5240 CONFINEMENT SAMPLING, CHARACTERISATION AND ANALYSIS OF MALODOURS KEYHORDS.' ODOR SWINE-HASTES POULTR
100 77 5251 CONFINEMENT ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL SHELTERS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CONFINEMEN
100 77 5252 CONFINEMENT DEODORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SWINE-WASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
100 77 5259 CONFINEMENT DISPERSION OF ODORS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS'. OOOR SWINE CONFINEMENT
500 77 5266 CONFINEMENT AGRICULTURE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUT
100 77 5306 CONFINEMENT MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BROODER HOUSE KEYWORDS.' POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
100 77 5258 CONFINEMENT-BUILOI INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS: OOOR-CONTR
400 78 4684 CONFINEMENT-PENS PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HYDROGEN-S
200 76 4707 CONFINEMENT-PENS FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYWORDS'. SOLID-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES DEN
200 76 4727 CONFINEMENT-PENS VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLIO-W
200 77 4794 CONFINEMENT-PENS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
300 76 4825 CONFINEMENT-PENS RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAWSUITS KEYWORDS: OOOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
400 78 4828 CONFINEMENT-PENS WHICH HASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUIO-HA
400 77 4631 CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS' CONFINEMENT-PENS
400 78 4832 CONFINEMENT-PENS GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYHORDS: GRAVITY-DRAIN-SYS
400 78 4841 CONFINEMENT-PENS ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SHINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SHINE
400 78 4846 CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SWINE PENS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
400 77 4861 CONFINEMENT-PENS THE BEST OF FOUR BARNS KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN CATTLE PERFORMANCE LAND-APPLIC
700 74 4882 CONF INENENT-PE;JS A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HAST
300 4916 CONFINEMENT-PENS METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
^00 77 4969 CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEEP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
400 78 4977 CONFINEMENT-PENS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: SHINE
400 78 4978 CONFINEMENT-PENS GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS HITH CORNLAGE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
100 77 4987 CONFINEMENT-PENS QUANTITATION OF INOOLE AND SKATULE IN A HOUSED SWINE UNIT KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTFS CONFIN
100 77 4991 CONFINEMENT-PENS EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
400 78 5011 CONFINEMENT-PENS TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEHENT-PENS CATTLE-W
400 78 5012 CONFINEMENT-PENS NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BARN CLEAN KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
200 77 5019 CONFINEMENT-PENS HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGE
400 78 5059 CONFINEMENT-PENS HELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
300 78 5131 CONFINEMENT-PENS A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
300 73 4826 CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
300 77 4938 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DESI
500 77 5285 CONTINUOUS-FLOW COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES WINDROWS CO
300 76 4870 CONTROL APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
100 78 5145 CONVECTIVE-HEAT-TR CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES OEHYO
100 75 4678 COPPER NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYHORDS: FERT
200 76 4711 COPPER EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
200 76 4723 COPPER ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
400 78 4834 COPPER BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYHORDS POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDI
400 74 4990 COPPER ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
300 78 5055 COPPER SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS'. SWINE
100 78 5060 COPPER DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
200 78 5156 COPPER NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
300 78 5079 COPPER-TOX1C ITY FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS' REFEEDING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPER-TOXI
400 78 4978 CORNLAGE GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS HITH CORNLAGE KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
500 77 5288 CORRAL UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYHOROS: REFEEDING
400 78 4674 CORRAL-INDUSTRIES ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CORRAL-INDUSTRIES CATTLE-
100 77 5247 COSTS FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY OEOOORIZAT I ON KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-HASTES SLURR
100 77 5251 COSTS ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL SHELTERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CONFINEMEN
400 78 5092 COST-SHARING FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE TO SOLVE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECT
400 78 4849 CRAP,INC. STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYHOROS: CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL
300 78 5176 CROPLAND SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS! CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
100 77 5179 CROPLAND SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYHORDS: SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
300 78 5188 CROPLAND ESTIMATING U S LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: LIVESTOC
200 76 4742 CROP-ANALYSIS HARMON I SAT! ON OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS'.
300 77 4926 CROP-PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I-TREND IDE
100 77 4753 CROP-RESIDUES A REVIEU OF MULCHES TO CONTROL WIND EROSION KEYWORDS WIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
300 76 4859 CROP-RESIDUES ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOWA FARM—AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
500 77 5026 CROP-RESIDUES BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
100 75 4678 CROP-RESPONSE NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FERT
100 75 4679 CROP-RESPONSE NOTE ON DETOKI CAT I ON OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYWORDS: INSECTICIDES UNOANE SOIL-
200 76 4705 CROP-RESPONSE UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
200 76 4708 CROP-RESPONSE CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQUID PIG MANURE SPREADING KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SWINE-HASTES LAND-A
200 76 4709 CROP-RESPONSE SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION G
200 76 4710 CROP-RESPONSE EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
200 76 4712 CROP-RESPONSE THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
200 76 4713 CROP-RESPONSE THE YIELD EFFICIENT NITROGEN PORTION IN TREATED AND UNTREATED MANURE KEYWORDS: L1V6STOC
200 76 4715 CROP-RESPONSE ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-
200 76 4718 CROP-RESPONSE THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
200 76 4722 CROP-RESPONSE HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE ON SOIL-EFFECT ON SOIL SALINITY KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WAS
200 76 4723 CROP-RESPONSE ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
200 77 *,764 CROP-RESPONSE LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWOR
200 77 4778 CROP-RESPONSE ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAHIA GRASS KEYWORDS'. SLURR
200 74 4780 CROP-RESPONSE SOIL AND CROP CONSIDERATIONS FOR RECYCLING HASTES KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPE
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
400
100
wo
300
100
400
500
700
700
700
100
100
400
400
400
100
300
100
100
100
300
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
300
400
100
100
100
100
700
400
700
400
100
500
400
100
200
100
200
400
200
700
200
700
300
400
300
400
500
100
400
100
200
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
400
200
200
300
400
200
100
400
300
700
100
200
200
400
200
100
300
300
100
300
400
200
200
200
400
200
400
100
400
400
400
300
77
77
73
77
76
77
77
77
76
73
76
77
77
78
78
74
76
78
74
76
76
78
76
76
75
76
73
74
74
77
77
78
77
76
78
78
77
78
77
78
76
77
78
78
76
76
74
78
76
76
77
73
78
78
78
78
77
77
78
78
76
78
74
77
77
77
73
75
77
77
77
72
78
77
78
78
77
73
77
77
77
78
74
77
77
78
73
76
77
78
78
78
77
78
78
73
77
78
78
78
4797
4798
4819
4838
4870
4881
4887
4907
4921
4922
4942
4945
4950
4967
4978
4990
5018
5023
5027
5029
5036
5055
5070
5080
5081
5082
5085
5087
5089
5118
5129
5132
5137
5140
5171
5173
5182
5187
5198
5207
5232
4901
5126
5233
5074
4863
4748
4682
4785
4804
4872
4884
4940
4941
5142
5151
5300
4691
4693
4694
4709
4745
4759
4767
4770
4779
4783
4784
4798
4806
4807
4821
4848
4867
4876
4899
4915
4922
4946
4957
4961
4979
5017
5028
5049
5063
5065
5090
5099
5107
5112
5115
5141
5154
5161
5184
5193
5207
5209
5231
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CRUP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-RESPONSE
CROP-HASTES
CRUDE-FIBER
CRUDE-FIBER
CRUDE-PROTEIN
CRUSTING
CYLINDERS
DAIRY-CATTLE
DA IRY- INDUSTRY
UAIRY-INDUSTPY
DAIRY-INDUSTRY
DA I RY- INDUSTRY
DAIRY-INDUSTRY
DA IRY- INDUSTRY
DAIRY-INDUSTRY
DAIRY-INDUSTRY
DAIRY-INDUSTRY
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-WASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HA STES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
OAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HAST-ES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DA IRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
DAIRY-HASTES
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LAND-APPLIC
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEHAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYUO
FEEDLOT MANURE, SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZING STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZE
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
HINTER-APPLIED MANURE—EFFECTS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYHORO
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-HASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL HASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APPL
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT HASTE MANA
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE EFFECTS ON HATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
FEEOLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES LANO-APPLICA
GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS HITH CORNLAGE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
ENGINEERS OUTLINE HASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
COW SLURRY MANAGEMENT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGETS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES SLU
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRIGATION HATER, LEACHING LEVELS AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE PERF
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NODULAT10N AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN KEYWORD
ASKOV 1984--FERTI LI ZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYHOROS'. ANIMAL-HASTES FER
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON THE ROOT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SOME RICE AND
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS AND MANURES ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMI
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE .FYM) ON THE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CALCIUM AVAILABI
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS WITH PLOUGHED-IN STRAW IN THE CR
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STURAGE
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND FYM APPLICATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ROCK PHOSPHATE FOR WHEAT KE
EFFECT UF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON (MODULATION AND NITROG
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF CATT
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROWTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES OAIRY-HASTES LAND-APP
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS TO SAS1D TO INCREASE THE MOISTURE LEVEL FOR THE GROWTH OF BAJRA PE
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYHOROS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COH
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PGULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPEDANCE TO SIMULATED SEEDLING EMERGENCE BY THE ADDITION OF MANURE
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED UN THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
POULTRY HASTES PROVIDE NITROGEN SOURCE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES DAIRY-CATTLE
VENTILATION OF TIE-STALL DAIRY bARNS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: VENTILATION DAIRY-INDUSTRY PO
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYHORDS:
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID HASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYWORDS'. LI
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DAIRY FARMS IN TWO REGIONS DOMINATE
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CATTL
THE FEASIBILITY OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTES'. THE FARMER'S PERSPECTI
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DA IRY-1 NDUSTRY BEDDIN
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS^ FEEDLOTS SHINE-HASTES DA IRY-1NDUSTRY POL
INJECTION OF DAIRY HASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION PASTURE
LAGOONS-HHAT SIZE NEEDED FUR YOUR HERD KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY A BARRIERED WASTEHATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS'.
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION G
COSTS OF SELECTED WASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LEGAL-A
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-HASTE
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNOWATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE HAMURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES WAST
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DA
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEHAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AER AT ED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS'. DA
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R OETERS-FAB1 AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
LIQUID COH MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT D
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA LE IN LAMB DIETS KEYHORD
LOH-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-WA
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APPL
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND HATER KEYHO
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR HASTEWATER KEYHORDS.* DAIRY-HASTES AER
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS: VEGETAT IVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEOL
NOW LOOK HHAT THEY RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY AND SHINE HASTE SLURRIES KEYHORDS: SE
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCHASTIC POLLUTION MODEL KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUD IES FEEDLDT-RUNOFF
REFEEDING HASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION! TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE DAIRY-HASTES FEEDLOT-RUNOF
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATI
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND EMERGY CONSERVAIION KEY
RESEARCH DAIRY STUMES CONFINEMENT t WASTE REUSE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEW YORK STATE KEYWORDS: NONPOI NT-SOURCES LEGAL-ASPECTS M
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS HAS
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQU1D-
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWO
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT HAS
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS: SALT GROUNDHATER-POLLUT1 ON DAIRY-HASTES OE
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
KEEPING DAIRY HASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APP
SALT BUILDUP CAUSES LAGOON FAILURE KEYHORDS: LAGOONS OAIRY-HASTES ANAEROBIC ELECTRICAL-
WATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYHORDS LA
79
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200 77 5237 DAIRY-HASTES THE CONCENTRATION OF L1001D MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS. LIQUIO-
500 77 5278 DAIRY-HASTES COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SOLI
500 77 5292 DAIRY-WASTES COST OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS WATER-POLLUTION CA
100 78 5307 DAIRY-HASTES CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
100 78 5308 DAIRY-WASTES DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
300 74 4702 DEAD-ANIMAL-DISPOS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER S CHICKEN-
400 78 4829 DEBRIS-BASINS RUNOFF CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
400 78 4996 DEBRIS-BASINS STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS FOR FEEDLOT RUNOFF SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DEBRIS-BASINS
400 78 5208 DEBRIS-BASINS RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE HASTE-STORAG
100 70 4874 DECOMPOSITION CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
700 73 4922 DECOMPOSITION SOIL AS AN ANIMAL WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYHORDS CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APPL
200 76 4729 OECONTAMI NAT I DM POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
300 77 5205 DEEP-PITS RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
300 78 5218 DEEP-PITS DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL DEEP-PITS POULTR
200 76 5000 DEEP-PIT-SYSTEMS IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYHORDS: DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
100 78 5124 DEEP-STACKING BROILER GROWERS WITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
100 73 4689 DEFOLIATION A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYHORDS: CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
100 70 4676 DEGRADATION FOULING OF PASTURES BY DUNG KEYHORDS CATTLE-WASTES PASTURES HASTE-COMPOSITION DEGRADAT
200 77 4957 DEGRADATION ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR HASTEWATER KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES AER
200 76 4729 DEHYDRATION POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
200 74 4748 DEHYDRATION A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
200 74 4757 DEHYDRATION ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES
100 78 4858 DEHYDRATION HORMONAL ACTIVI1Y IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HAS
700 77 4B88 DEHYDRATION COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
300 77 4923 DEHYDRATION POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
300 77 4924 DEHYDRATION POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNAT1VES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
100 78 4958 DEHYDRATION HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS. LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
200 76 5000 DEHYDRATION IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
100 78 5038 DEHYDRATION COMPARISON OF PROBE HAY MOISTURE DETECTOR AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING POUL
300 77 5049 DEHYDRATION REFEEDING WASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYHORDS. DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES OEHYDRAT1
100 78 5060 DEHYDRATION DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY; EFFECT OF DRYING K
200 76 506B DEHYDRATION PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
200 76 5070 DEHYDRATION USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEED1NG KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
200 76 5075 DEHYDRATION MARKETING MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS WASTE-STORAGE L
100 78 5136 DEHYDRATION DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER HASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYHORDS: DEHYDRATION
100 78 5145 DEHYDRATION CONVECT1VE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES OEHYD
400 78 5161 DEHYDRATION ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS: SALT GROUNOHATER-POLLUT1 ON DAIRY-HASTES DE
200 70 5191 DEHYDRATION AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: DEHYDRATION POULTRY-HASTES FLY-CONTROL ODOR-CONTROL
500 77 5197 DEHYDRATION PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY: A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
100 77 5258 DEHYDRATION INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTR
500 77 5265 DEHYDRATION ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS FEEOLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
500 77 5262 DEHYDRATION DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS'- DEHYDRATION LIVESTOCK-HASTES DESIGN EC
200 77 5311 DEHYDRATION SUMMER UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POU
200 76 4720 DEN ITRIF1C AT 1 ON LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DEN ITRIF1 CAT I ON IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
100 78 4955 DEN ITRIFI CAT I ON NITRIFICATION AND DEN ITRIFICAT I ON IN CATTLE MANURE-AMENDED SOIL KEYHOROS: LAND-APPLICA
200 78 5117 OENITRIFICATIDM DEN ITRIFICATION: I. USE OF 15N FOR EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHETICAL EXCRETION OF MOLECULA
100 76 5119 DENITRIFICATION EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
200 76 4707 DENMARK-LAW FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYWORDS.' SOLID-WASTES LIQUI D-WASTES DEN
400 78 4848 DEODORIZERS LIQUID COW MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT D
400 78 4688 DESIGN TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR BUILDING LAGOONS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMIT
300 76 4690 DESIGN GUTTER FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: FLUSHING SWINE-HASTES DESIGN LAGO
400 78 4693 DESIGN LAGOONS-WHAT SIZE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERD KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
100 78 4694 DESIGN TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY A BARRIERED HASTEHATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS:
400 78 4695 DESIGN METHANE DIGESTERS KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING DIGESTERS DESIGN ECONOMICS
200 76 4749 DESIGN THE APPLICATION OF FLUSHING MANURE-HANDLING SYSTEMS TO POULTRY BUILUINGS KEYWORDS'. POUL
200 75 4750 DESIGN ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR UNOERFLODR MANURE- STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS'- HASTE
300 74 4752 DESIGN PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTEWATER-TREATMENT BIO
200 76 4755 DESIGN BEEF FEEDLOTS IN THE HUMID SOUTHEAST KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT DESIGN
200 76 4756 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID MANURE SPREADING AND INJECTION SYSTEM KEYWORDS: EOUIPMENT-LANO-
200 74 4758 DESIGN HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
200 74 4760 DESIGN A NEW APPROACH IN NON-SLATTED LIQUID WASTE SWINE HOUSING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES
200 77 4763 DESIGN MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
200 77 4771 DESIGN MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
200 77 4773 DESIGN SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGES
200 77 4775 DESIGN SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF RIGID PLASTIC DUCTS FOR UNIFORM AIR REMOVAL FROM LIQUID MANURE PIT
200 77 4777 DESIGN EXPERIENCES FROM OPERATING A FULL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
200 73 4783 DESIGN SHINE HOUSING AND WASIE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES HAST
200 76 4785 DESIGN VENTILATION OF TIE-STALL DAIRY BARNS IN ONTARIO KEYHORDS: VENTILATION DA IRY-1NDUSTRY PO
200 71 4788 DESIGN SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
400 77 i789 DESIGN RED HIGGLERS-TURN WORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYWORDS: FEEDS RECYCLING WOR
700 76 4795 DESIGN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE WASTE USING A FIBER WALL REACTOR KEYWORDS'.
300 77 4800 DESIGN METHANE ON THE MOVE—A DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAERO
200 77 4808 DESIGN PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
300 76 4824 DESIGN ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-W
400 78 4828 DESIGN WHICH HASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WA
400 78 4829 DESIGN RUNOFF CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
400 77 4831 DESIGN FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS
400 78 4832 DESIGN GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYWORDS: GRAVITY-ORAIN-SYS
400 78 4835 DESIGN MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYHORDS HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
400 78 4846 DESIGN FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SWINE PENS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
100 77 4854 DESIGN DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: DES
400 77 4861 DESIGN THE BEST OF FOUR BARNS KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN CATTLE PERFORMANCE LAND-APPLIC
200 77 4867 DESIGN THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
200 76 4869 DESIGN UNIFORM SLURRY SPREADING HITH A CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LANO-
200 77 4872 DESIGN METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID WASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYWORDS'. LI
700 74 4882 DESIGN A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE HAST
100 77 4892 DESIGN MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES EOUIPMENT-MANURE-HA
500 77 4900 DESIGN SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES SOILS
700 74 4908 DESIGN CYCLONIC BURNER FOR' PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS'. OXI
300 4916 DESIGN METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SHINE MANURE KEYHORDS. SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
600 4917 DESIGN THE CALORIFIC PROJECT. I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING CATTLE-HA
300 77 4923 DESIGN POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
300 77 4924 DESIGN POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
100 76 4929 DESIGN A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS'. ROT AT ING-FL IGHTED
100 76 <>930 DESIGN MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
100 77 4934 DESIGN A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
400 77 4936 DESIGN GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-WASTES ODOK AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
300 77 4938 DESIGN DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-WASTES DESI
200 77 4943 DESIGN DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
200 77 4961 DESIGN VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. VEGETATIVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEDL
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
400
400
400
300
200
300
400
100
500
300
100
400
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
400
400
100
100
400
400
400
100
400
400
200
400
300
200
400
100
100
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400
200
700
100
100
200
300
100
100
100
100
100
400
100
100
200
100
100
400
200
700
300
400
400
100
100
200
200
300
100
300
400
200
300
400
300
200
500
200
200
400
300
200
100
100
100
700
700
100
100
300
300
300
100
74
78
76
78
75
76
78
77
77
77
78
78
78
76
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
75
78
78
78
78
78
78
73
77
78
78
77
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
77
76
77
75
77
77
78
77
77
72
78
78
78
78
78
76
78
78
77
76
77
77
77
77
78
76
76
78
78
78
73
78
77
78
77
78
77
77
77
77
76
77
78
78
74
77
75
77
78
78
78
78
4990
4996
4999
5001
5002
5005
5010
5012
5014
5026
5034
5056
5059
5065
5073
5103
5104
5111
5112
5116
5131
5141
5157
5158
5159
5160
5163
5164
5186
5192
5193
5195
5208
5226
5230
5234
5250
5251
5259
5265
5270
5278
5279
5282
5283
5287
5009
4779
4795
5303
4679
4896
4938
4956
4949
4815
4844
4912
4981
5042
5095
5195
5304
4956
4695
4777
4795
4800
4850
4852
4934
4956
5005
5073
5130
5144
5152
5192
5195
5205
5224
5226
5230
5285
4767
4769
4817
4916
5199
4815
4876
4877
4885
4888
4948
5020
5037
5202
5204
5264
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESDGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
DETENTION-POND
DETENTION-TIMES
DETENTION-TIMES
DETENTION-TIME
DETOXICATION
DEHATERING
OEHATERING
DICHLORVOS
OIETHVLSTILBESTRQL
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIETS
DIET
DIE-OFFS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTERS
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTER
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
DIGESTIBILITY
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS', SWINE-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS FOR FEEDLOT RUNOFF SYSTEMS KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DEBRIS-BASINS
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-TREATMENT
SCRAPING AHAY HASTE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LAND-A
SELECTING A SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS4. ANAERO
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNDERSLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FLUSHING DESIGN SLO
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS DARN CLEAN KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
FLUSHING PIGGERY HASTES KEYHORDS: FLUSHING SHINE-HASTES DESIGN EFFLUENT
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTE
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
FLUSHING SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING DESIG
HELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE.' POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION OF THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER K
CONTOUR FURROW IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICROTU8ING FOR FLOH CONTROL KEYHOR
HIGH VOLUME FLUSH DEVICES FOR ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: FLUSHING DESIGN WATER-U
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES R
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS HAS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SLURRY SPINNER KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION EOUIPMENT-IRRIGAT 10
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYHO
NEH SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYWORDS. COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE TANK ROUF SLA8S KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES MANURE-TANKS DESIGN ROD
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE HASTE KE
MORE ON THREE-LEVEL BROILED BREEDER SYSTEM KEYHORDS: POULTRY MANAGEMENT DESIGN PERFORMA
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
OPEN LAGOONS MAY DISAPPEAR KEYWORDS.' DOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LAGOONS DESIGN
MODEL STUDY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION SHINE
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING A
KEEPING DAIRY HASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS.' DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORD
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE HASTE-STORAG
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING METH
A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS SWIN
BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, HIND BEST FOR HANDLING WASTE KEYWORDS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
ODOUR CONTROL WITH BIOLOGICAL AIR WASHERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL AIR-SCRUBBING DESIGN
ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL SHELTERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CONFINEMEN
DISPERSION OF ODORS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS'. ODOR SWINE CONFINEMENT
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS.' FEEOLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STORAG
LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANIMAL FEEDLOI STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS DESIGN
COLLECriON, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SOLI
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-REMOVAL
DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION LIVESTOCK-WASTES DESIGN EC
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN FEEDLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENAT[ON KEVWOR
EARTHEN HASTE BASIN KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM DETENTI
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE WASTE USING A FIBER WALL REACTOR KEYWORDS:
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY WASTE. 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TINE AND MANURE CON
NOTE ON DETOXICATION OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYWORDS: INSECTICIDES LINDANE SOIL-
DEWATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SWINE-HA
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DESI
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING DIETHYLSTIL6ESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW ALONE OR WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING DRIE
UTILIZATION OF COU-MANURE, HATCHERY-WASTE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
INFLUENCE OF 8-GLUCANASE ON FEEDING VALUE OF BARLEY FOR POULTRY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYWORDS: DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAH AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN
FRACTIONATION OF NITROGEN ISOTOPES BY ANIMALS: A FURTHER COMPLICATION TO THE USE OF VA
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE MANURE KEYHORD
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON WATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
METHANE DIGESTERS KEYHORDS: METHANE RECYCLING DIGESTERS DESIGN ECONOMICS
EXPERIENCES FROM OPERATING A FULL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE WASTE USING A FIBER HALL REACTOR KEYWORDS:
METHANE ON THE MOVE — A DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS KEYWORDS'. METHANE ANAERO
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBOH-DI OX IDE MET
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS'. MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAERO
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION OF THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER K
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYHORDS. ANAEROBIC DICESTE
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS. RECYCLING L I Vt: S TOCK-WA STE S POULTRY-WA
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING A
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORD
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEDING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METH
A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS SWIN
COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WINDROWS CO
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANUKE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS.' POUL TRY-WASTE S ANIMAL-WASTES FERH
METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANflER
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW ALONE OR WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING DRIE
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA (LE) IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEUING SHINE-WASTES SWINE
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN HAIZ
STUDIES WITH HORSES COMPARING 4N-HC1 INSOLUBLE ASH AS AN INDEX MATERIAL WITH TOTAL FECA
METHODS OF FECAL COLLECTION AND NUTRIENT LEACHING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES KEYWORDS'. FI
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF ENSILED SHINE WASTE AND GROUND COR
HET POULTRY HASTE MAKES BETTER FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING SHEEP NITROGEN D
81
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300 77 4913 OIGESTIBILTIY WASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING DIGESTIBILTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE HASTE-REC
300 78 4944 DIGESTION BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGE
100 77 4914 DILUTION EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
100 77 5135 DILUTION-RATE CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES HAST
100 78 4956 DIMETHOATE RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
300 70 5086 DIPTERA WORLDWIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
100 77 4813 DISEASE LISTERIA-ENCEFALIT IS IN COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM A BROILER-FARM KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HEALTH
200 76 4727 DISINFECTION VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS- SOLID-W
100 77 4970 DISPERSION-ANALYSI EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON WATER-STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HA
100 77 5135 DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WAST
100 78 5159 DISSOLVED-OXYGEN EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KE
100 4997 OISSOLVED-SALTS MOVEMENT OF NITRATES AND OTHER DISSOLVED SALTS FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE KINNERET KEYHO
200 77 4770 DISSOLVED-SOL IDS DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS.' DAIRY-HASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
700 74 4704 DOMESTIC-EFFLUENTS AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR HAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA KEYH
200 76 4718 DRAINAGE THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
400 78 4851 DRAINAGE MANAGE FEEOLOT HASTE TO CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES FEEOLOTS ODOR-CONTROL
300 77 5129 DRAINAGE RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS." MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE
200 76 4717 DRAINAGE-BASINS RELATIONS BETWEEN PEOOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREAOINGS IN
100 78 5057 DRAINING EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUALIT
100 78 4857 DROP-PLATE-ANALYSI A COMPARISON OF DROP-PLATE AND POUR-PLATE METHODS FOR BACTERIAL POPULATION COUNTS OF PO
200 71 4762 DROWNINGS SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
100 75 4963 DRUGS THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED REFEEOI
400 78 4692 DRUG-RESIDUES LET THEM EAT WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING SHINE-HASTES SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS 0
100 77 4746 DRUG-RESISTANCE BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT WASTES WITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
400 73 5234 DRYING BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, HIND BEST FOR HANDLING HASTE KEYHORDS- DESIGN CONFINEMENT
500 77 5288 DRYING UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING
400 78 4972 DRY-ICE KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THO KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLI
100 75 4670 DRY-MATTER FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
200 76 4739 DRY-MATTER SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SHINE MANURE KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE AERAT
100 78 4876 DRY-MATTER EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA (LEl IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
100 78 4954 DRY-MATTER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES FEEOLOTS WASTE-COHPOSITI
200 74 5017 DRY-MATTER MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF bEEF, DAIRY AND SWINE WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SE
100 77 5243 DRY-MATTER CHARACTERIZATION OF MALOOOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS'. WASTE-ST
300 78 5231 DUCKWEEDS WATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS'. LA
300 78 5153 DUNG-BEETLES INTRODUCING DUNG BEETLES AS AN AID IN MANURE DISPOSAL AND FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS FLY-CON
400 78 4841 DUSTS ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SHINE
300 77 4866 DUSTS ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SHINE HEALTH KEYWORDS.' AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
300 77 5035 OUSTS SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE DUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
300 78 5025 DUST CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION ODORS—THE STATE-OF-THE-ART KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION ODOR-C
200 78 5108 DUST-CONTROL DUST REDUCTION IN THE BIRD RECEIVING AREA OF A POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT KEYWORDS.' AIR-P
200 77 5237 EARTHEN-IMPOUMDMEN THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-
100 78 5148 EARTHEN-PITS EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
400 78 4674 ECONOMICS ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CORRAL-INDUSTRIES CATTLE-
400 78 4682 ECONOMICS POULTRY HASTES PROVIDE NITROGEN SOURCE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES DAIRY-CATTLE
400 78 4692 ECONOMICS LET THEM EAT HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SWINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS D
100 78 4694 ECONOMICS TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY A BARRIERED WASTEWATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYWORD'S:
400 78 4695 ECONOMICS METHANE DIGESTERS KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING DIGESTERS DESIGN ECONOMICS
100 69 4697 ECONOMICS DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECONOMICS SPRAY-IRRIGATI
200 76 4705 ECONOMICS UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS LANO-APPLI
200 76 4731 ECONOMICS THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
200 76 4732 ECONOMICS INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLU
200 76 4735 ECONOMICS THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND SPREADING OF MANURES VERSUS OTHER USES - A SYSTEM AP
200 76 4736 ECONOMICS HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
200 76 4736 ECONOMICS WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
300 78 4745 ECONOMICS COSTS OF SELECTED HASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
200 76 4749 ECONOMICS THE APPLICATION OF FLUSHING MANURE-HANDLING SYSTEMS TO POULTRY BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: POUL
200 75 4750 ECONOMICS ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR UNDERFLOOR MANURE- STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS: WASTE
300 77 4751 ECONOMICS DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES USING A THO-STAGE PROCESS HITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
200 74 4759 ECONOMICS MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-WASTE
200 74 4760 ECONOMICS A NEW APPROACH IN NON-SLATTED LIQUID WASTE SWINE HOUSING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES
200 77 4765 ECONOMICS MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WASTE-TREATMENT SW
200 77 4768 ECONOMICS TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION TI
200 77 4771 ECONOMICS MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
200 77 4774 ECONOMICS A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SWINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
200 73 4782 ECONOMICS MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-STORAGE AERATID
200 75 4784 ECONOMICS UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES DA
300 77 4800 ECONOMICS METHANE ON THE MOVE—A DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS KEYHORDS: METHANE ANAERO
700 76 4804 ECONOMICS DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTI ON—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS:
400 77 4817 ECONOMICS POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES FERM
300 76 4824 ECONOMICS ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-W
400 78 4833 ECONOMICS RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-WASTE POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING ANI
400 78 4840 ECONOMICS FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
100 72 4844 ECONOMICS UTILIZATION OF COW-MANURE, HATCHERY-WASTE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
400 78 4848 ECONOMICS LIQUID COH MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT 0
400 78 4849 ECONOMICS STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL
400 77 4852 ECONOMICS MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
100 77 4854 ECONOMICS DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS'. OES
300 76 4859 ECONOMICS ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOWA FARM—AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
400 78 4871 ECONOMICS KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES HASTE-REMOVAL M
200 77 4872 ECONOMICS METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID HASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYHORDS'. LI
400 78 4886 ECONOMICS PRORICH CASHES IN ON FEED MARKET HITH DPW KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED REFEEDING PRORI
700 77 4888 ECONOMICS COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
400 78 4899 ECONOMICS LOW-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYWORDS: L[QUID-WASTES DAIRY-HA
500 77 4900 ECONOMICS SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS'. ORGAN IC-WASTES SOILS
300 77 4913 ECONOMICS HASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYHORDS: REFEEDING DIGESTIBILTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE HASTE-REC
300 77 4915 ECONOMICS CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-WA
600 4917 ECONOMICS THE CALORIFIC PROJECT. I, BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING CATTLE-WA
300 77 4923 ECONOMICS POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
300 77 4924 ECONOMICS POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
100 78 4929 ECONOMICS A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ROTATING-FLIGHTED
100 78 4930 ECONOMICS MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
400 78 4935 ECONOMICS KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS: KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEDING MET
400 77 4936 ECONOMICS GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYWORDS.' LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
300 78 4940 ECONOMICS COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
400 78 4941 ECONOMICS DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED CATTL
200 77 4943 ECONOMICS DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYHOROS: ANIMAL-HASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
300 78 4944 ECONOMICS BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC OIGE
100 78 4958 ECONOMICS HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
200 77 4959 ECONOMICS A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS'. SYS
100 75 4963 ECONOMICS THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-OR1 ED REFEEDI
82
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
500
400
100
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
300
400
300
200
500
100
300
200
200
200
200
100
300
400
200
100
100
200
200
300
300
300
400
100
400
600
400
400
400
300
100
400
400
600
400
100
400
400
400
300
400
400
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400
200
200
200
200
100
300
200
200
100
300
300
300
500
400
100
100
300
200
100
100
100
100
100
300
200
700
100
400
400
400
200
300
200
300
76
78
78
78
78
78
77
74
74
72
78
75
77
74
77
77
78
78
76
76
76
75
74
76
78
78
77
78
76
78
77
78
78
78
77
78
75
78
75
78
78
77
78
73
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
78
77
78
78
77
72
77
78
78
77
78
77
78
76
78
78
77
76
78
78
77
76
77
77
77
78
4965
4967
4971
4972
4975
4977
4985
4988
4990
4992
5001
5002
5004
5006
5019
5026
5056
5065
5070
5072
5075
5083
5089
5090
5091
5114
5121
5124
5125
5127
5129
5130
5131
5132
5138
5146
5150
5151
5157
5163
5172
5179
5190
5192
5196
5215
5216
5217
5222
5223
5226
5228
5236
5252
5265
5279
5282
5283
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5300
5302
4705
4719
4730
4733
4746
4751
4764
4767
4929
5088
5175
5176
5265
4992
5014
5052
5055
4808
5057
5008
5042
4968
5042
4952
4867
4921
5052
5209
4817
4972
4768
4751
4768
4952
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
CCONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENTS
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EFFLUENT-QUALITY
EGG-PRODUCTION
EGG-PRODUCTION
EGG-QUALITY.
EGG-HEIGHT
EHTYLENE
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY
ELEVATING-SCRAPER
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS: BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
FEEDLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-WASTES LAND-APPLIC4
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLI
MANURE CONTAINMENT-SLURRY WITH THE CRUST ON TOP KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES SLURRIES WAS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS'. SWINE
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES W
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS.' SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LAND-A
SELECTING A SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ORGANIC-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
IS ALL THIS PHOSPHATE ON GRASSLAND REALLY NECESSARY KEYWORDS'. FERTILIZERS PHOSPHATES GR
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGE
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
FLUSHING SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS.' SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING DESIG
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND 1MPLEME
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CHEMICAL-
MARKETING OF CONVERTED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-ORIED MARKETING ECONOMICS
MARKETING MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS WASTE-STORAGE L
NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIOUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS WITH PLOUGHED-IN STRAW IN THE CR
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
SERPENTINE SYSTEM IS THE SOLUTION KEYWORDS: SERPENTINE-WATERWAY FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-TR
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-SOUR
POULTRY WASTES IN THE DIET OF ISRAELI CARP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES FISH PERF
BROILER GROWERS WITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING GAS-PRODUCTI
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTE
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS K6
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES AS AN ENERGY RESOURCE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES FO
CATTLE FURNISH CHEAP SWINE FEED KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES SWINE ECONOMICS
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPOES AGRIC
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-INDUSTRY BEODIN
NEW SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT SIEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
SWINE WASTES AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE IN GROWING-FINISHING SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WA
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY! PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS1. SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
METHANE FROM WASTE KEYWORDS' METHANE RECYCLING REFEEOING ECONOMICS
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING A
METHANE FROM MANURE. FACT OR FANTASY KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND WASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: CAT
DPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COWS KEYWORDS. REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED CATTLE PERFORMA
WASTIGATION KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-WASTES IRRIGATION WASTE-COMPOSITION LAND-APPLICATION ECONO
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTED-FLO
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METH
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM WASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTE
MANURE SPREADING BUILDS SOIL AND PROFITS KEYWORDS-' ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS FERTILIZERS
DEODORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SWINE-WASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES WASTE-REMOVAL
DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS'. DEHYDRATION LIVESTOCK-WASTES DESIGN EC
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN FEEOLDTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENATI ON KEYWOR
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS.' LIQUI0-WASTES FERTILIZERS LA
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SWINE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: ECONOMIC
CLST OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS WATER-POLLUTION CA
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS SWINE-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY POL
6IOCONVERSION NO PANACEA AS DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: BIOGAS METHANE ECONOMICS REC
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT WASTES WITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWOR
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ROTATING-FL1GHTED
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS. 1. BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER — TERRINGTON EHF REPORT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS- CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS- CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS'. OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
FLUSHING PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: FLUSHING SWINE-WASTES DESIGN EFFLUENT
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT--AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS'. FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUAL IT
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OX I OATION-DIT
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAW AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN
LAYERS IMPROVE WITH DPW KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED PERFORMANCE EG
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAX AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS'. FEE
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
SALT BUILDUP CAUSES LAGOON FAILURE KEYWORDS." LAGOONS DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC ELECTRICAL-
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES PERM
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WA STE S RECYCLI
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-COLLECTION TI
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'- WASTE-COLLECTION TI
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS'. FEE
83
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 77 5050
200 76 5068
200 78 5102
100 77 5138
100 77 5246
100 76 4928
400 78 4699
100 78 4842
100 78 4877
400 77 4933
300 77 5049
200 76 5068
200 76 5069
200 78 5100
300 78 5202
300 78 5203
300 78 5204
100 78 4956
400 78 4335
200 76 4708
200 76 4736
200 76 4737
200 74 4757
500 77 4905
300 77 4926
300 78 4951
400 78 4836
100 78 4971
700 76 4668
200 76 4727
500 77 5273
500 77 5274
200 71 4762
400 77 4984
400 75 5157
700 74 4908
200 78 5112
200 78 5116
100 65 5133
500 77 5290
200 76 4756
100 77 4892
200 76 4731
700 76 4805
100 73 5184
400 78 5151
300 74 4700
100 77 4881
300 76 4925
400 77 5058
200 76 4730
200 76 4743
100 78 4858
200 78 5100
400 77 5004
200 76 4716
200 76 4725
200 77 4811
500 77 5281
200 71 4762
100 78 4956
500 77 5283
300 78 5175
200 76 4737
400 77 4887
200 76 5097
100 65 5133
100 77 5137
100 77 5061
100 77 5062
100 77 5313
700 77 5182
400 78 5219
100 77 4746
100 77 5061
100 78 5178
300 78 5201
300 78 5204
200 71 4747
400 77 4672
400 78 4674
300 75 4701
200 76 4727
300 77 4751
200 76 4755
200 74 4756
200 74 4761
200 71 4762
200 77 4768
200 77 4771
200 75 4784
200 77 4786
300 76 4614
300 76 4825
400 76 4840
400 78 4851
200 77 4872
300 77 4926
400 78 4935
100 77 4949
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY-CONSUMPTION
ENRICHMENT
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENSILING
ENfERIC-COLIFORMS
ENVIRONETICS, INC
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE
ENZYMATIC-PRODUCTS
ENZYMES
ENZYME-PRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT-COMPOSII
EOUIPMENT-COMPOSTI
EQUIPMENT-CYCLONIC
EQUIPMENT-IRRIGATI
EQUIPMENT-IRRIGATI
EQUIPMENT-IRRIGATI
EQUIPNENT-IRRIGATI
EQUIPMENT-LANO-SPR
EQUIPMENT-MANURE-H
EOUIPMENT-SEPARATO
EQUIPMENT-SEPARATO
EQUIPMENT-SEPARATO
EQUIPMENT-WASTE-MA
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
EROSION
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
ESTROGENS
ETHER-EXTRACT
ETHYL-ALCOHOL
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPH ICATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORAT ION
EXPLOSIONS
E-COLI
FACULTATIVE
FARMLAND
FARM-HASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FARM-WASTES
FATTY-ACIDS
FATTY-ACIDS
FAT
FAUNA
FEATHERS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FECAL-COLIFORMS
FEDERAL-FISHERIES
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
IT'S NO BULL COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEY*
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY HASTES AS AN ENERGY RESOURCE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FO
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SHINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE SHINE-HASTES A
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
FEEDING FEEDLOT HASTE TO CATTLE KEYUOROS: REFEEDING FEEOLOT-WASTES CATTLE HARVESTING EN
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYHOR
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-HASTES ENSILING CHEMICAL-TREATM
REFEEDING HASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYORATI
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYHORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES ENSILING REFEED
RECYCLING SHINE HASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYHORDST REFEEDING SWINE-HASTES SW
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS'. SILAGES ENSILING
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SHINE OF ENSILED SHINE HASTE AND GROUND COR
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY HASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYWO
MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYWORDS WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQUID PIG MANURE SPREADING KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SHINE-WASTES LANO-A
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS ON MANURE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: FARM-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I-TREND IDE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
DEALING WITH ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL MASK ING-AGENTS ENZYMATIC-PRODUCTS CHEMICAL-TR
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEDLDT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS'. SOLID-H
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECOLOGY KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS EPIDEMIOLOGY
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR COMPOSTING MANURE KEYWORDS: EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING COMPOSTING 0
NEW SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHORDS: OXI
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS HAS
DEVELOPMENT OF A SLURRY SPINNER KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION EQUIPMENT-IRRIGATIO
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EQUIPM
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEOLOT WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID MANURE SPREADING AND INJECTION SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. EQUIPMENT-LAND-
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES EQUIPMENT-MANURE-HA
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE. HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT DA IR Y-1NDUSTRY BEDDIN
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
WINTER-APPLIED MANURE--EFFECTS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYWORD
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS! AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF H
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE: SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS: NONPOINT
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WAS
RECYCLING SHINE HASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES SW
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ORGANIC-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHICATI ON OF SURFACE WATERS IN RELATION TO PHOSPHORUS MANURI
HATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-H
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND DEHATER1NG KEYHORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS! FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY HASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN FEEDLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'. CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS ON MANURE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-HASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
ANAEROBIC PROCESSES INCLUDING METHANE FROM FARM HASTES KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION FA
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EQUIPM
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND FYM APPLICATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ROCK PHOSPHATE FOR WHEAT KE
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SWINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED- PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING.1. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
FEATHERS ON MANURE CAN INCREASE FLY PROBLEM KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES FEATHE
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT HASTES HITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SHINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS'. NONPOI NT-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER HITH TIME KEYWORDS: POULTRY-L
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AID UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF ENSILED SWINE WASTE AND GROUND COR
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY KEYWORDS: WASTE-D1SPOS
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CORRAL-INDUSTRIES CATTLE-
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SHINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS'. SHINE FEEDLOTS AI
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREAD1NG AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE'KEYWORDS: SOLID-H
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS HITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
BEEF FEEDLOTS IN THE HUMID SOUTHEAST KEYHOROS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT DESIGN
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: DESIGN FEEOLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SHINE FEEDLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYHORDS'. FEEDLOTS SWINE MANAGE
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHORDS'. FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEOLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: WASTE-COLLECTION XI
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYHORDS'. CATTLE-HASTES DA
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR FEEDLOTS ZONING SITE-SELE
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAWSUITS KEYWORDS: ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING
MANAGE FEEDLOT HASTE TO CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTES FEEOLOTS OOOR-CONTROL
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID WASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEOLOT KEYWORDS'. LI
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I-TREND IDE
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS: KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEDING MET
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING 0 IETHYLSTILBESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
84
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300
100
300
400
400
100
100
200
300
300
400
300
300
300
300
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400
400
300
400
200
300
400
100
100
200
100
200
400
400
100
100
300
400
100
200
600
300
400
700
400
100
400
100
100
400
100
200
200
500
500
400
400
100
600
200
400
200
400
200
400
400
400
100
100
100
100
400
100
100
100
200
300
100
100
100
100
200
TOO
400
78
78
74
76
78
76
77
77
78
77
78
78
77
78
74
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
74
77
77
72
78
77
77
77
78
77
78
76
77
78
78
78
77
78
75
77
78
76
78
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
76
77
77
77
77
77
73
77
78
78
76
78
76
77
78
77
77
75
78
77
76
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
76
76
18
4952
4954
4960
4972
5001
5013
5016
5019
5023
5035
5059
5131
5149
5163
5213
5253
5265
5267
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5277
5283
5285
5291
5292
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5305
4693
4752
4797
4811
4821
4829
4856
4864
4872
4930
4961
4996
4999
5028
5052
5063
5091
5093
5113
5150
5169
5208
4668
4699
4753
4852
4892
4950
4967
5052
5101
5125
5290
4902
4789
4847
4895
4917
4919
5050
5102
4680
4723
4830
4834
4875
4880
4949
4953
4963
4981
5022
5030
5046
5071
5205
5313
5007
4766
50t4
4726
46*e
4675
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEOLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOTS
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEOLOT-RUNOFF
FEEOLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEOLOT-RUNOFF
FEEOLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
FEEDLOT-WASTES
FEEDLOT-WASTES
FEEDLOT-WASTES
FEEOLOT-HBSTES
FEEOLOT-WASTES
FEEOLOT-HASTES
FEEDLOT-HASTES
FEEDLOT-WASTES
FEEDLOT-HASTES
FEEOLOT-WASTES
FEEDLOT-HASTES
FEEDLOT-HASTEWATER
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEDS
FEEO-ADOITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEEO-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-ADDITIVES
FEED-CONTAMINATION
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FEED-SUPPLEMENTS
FENBENDAZOLE
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS'. FEE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS.' CATTLE-WASTES FEEOLOTS WASTE-COMPOSI TI
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAH PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLI
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LANO-A
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMEHT-A SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT HASTE KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGE
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES LAN
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE DUSTS CASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIH
HELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
COMMON SCENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES! A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES SOI L-CONTAMINA
DANISH RULES AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-STORAG
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEHENT CATTL
CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES FOR THE SELECTION OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT SITES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS SI
LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANIMAL FEEOLOT STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN
MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS: POLLUTION FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS MODEL-S
EFFLUENT REGULATIONS FOR ANIMAL FEEOLOTS IN THE USA KEYWORDS'. HATER-POLLUTION POINT-SOU
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECOLOGY KEYHORDS: FEEOLOTS EPIDEMIOLOGY
BIO-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-COMPOSITION FEEDLOTS WASTE
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN FEEDLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES WINDROWS CO
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SWINE FEEOLOT HASTES KEYWORDS'. ECONOMIC
COST OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS HATER-POLLUTION CA
SHINE FEEOLOT HASTEHATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTEHATE
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS.' FEEDLOTS POULTRY-WASTES SWINE-HASTES LIQUID
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT [N THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTRO
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS SHINE-WASTES DA IRY-1NDUSTRY POL
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS LIQUID-HASTES LANO-APPLIC
COLORADO B10GAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING 81
LAGOONS-HHAT SIZE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERD KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTEWATER-TREATMENT BID
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF RUNOFF KEYWORDS-' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LAND-APPLIC
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLUT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R OETERS-FABI AN J DETERS-HARCELLUS J DETERS
RUNOFF CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
RUNOFF FROM FEEOLOTS ANO MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYHORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF H
FEEOLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS — NUTRIENT LEVELS ANO RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS'.
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID HASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYWORDS: LI
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: VEGETAT IVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEOL
STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS FOR FEEOLOT RUNOFF SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF DEBRIS-BASINS
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCHASTIC POLLUTION MODEL KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS' HASTE-STORAGE DAIRY-WASTES FEEDLOT-RUNOF
SERPENTINE SYSTEM IS THE SOLUTION KEYWORDS." SERPENTINE-WATERWAY FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-TR
MODEL TO EVALUATE FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON FREE-LIVING AQUATIC CILIATED PROTOZOA KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOT-RU
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE WASTE-STORAG
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEOLOT WASTE KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
FEEDING FEEOLOT HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS' REFEEDING FEEDLOT-HASTES CATTLE HARVESTING EN
A REVIEW OF MULCHES TO CONTROL HIND EROSION KEYWORDS: WIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES EQUIPMENT-MANURE-HA
MANURE EFFECTS ON HATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
FEEDLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-HASTES LANO-APPLICA
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEEOLOT-H
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS'. LANO-APPLI CAT
PROPERTIES OF WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS.' WASTEHAK ER-H ANAGEMENT WASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
RED HIGGLERS-TURN HORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYWORDS: FEEDS RECYCLING UOR
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN HASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS: FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-WASTES BREWERY-HAST
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GROHN ON SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LI
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT. I. BACKGROUND ANO DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-HA
SOME ENERGY AND PROTEIN SOURCES OF THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: FEEDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE
IT S NO BULL COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYH
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS.' FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
INNOVATIONS ARE SEEN IN 1980S CATTLE FEEDING KEYWORDS'. CATTLE FEED-ADD ITIVES STIMULANTS
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER REFEEOI
FEEOLOT ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-INTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF: I I. PRESERVATI ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WET EXC
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING 01ETHYLSTILBESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
SELECTIVE MORTALITY OF INSECTS IN MANURE FROM CATTLE FED RABON ANO DIMILIN KEYWORDS IN
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEOI
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYHORDS: DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TO SOIL KEYWORDS' POULTRY
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED VARIOUS POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-H
ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF POULTRY EXCRETA FROM HENS CONSUMING FEED TREATED WITH AN 000
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN DPH FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIE
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS.' SWINE-WASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING'. I. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POLYCHLORI MATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS! P
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIHAL SCIENCE ANO AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS', ZEOLITE
EFFICACY OF HETHOPRENE (ALTOS 10"\GR)> AGAINST THE HORN FLY HHEN FED TO CATTLE IN MINER
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION HITH
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYS1CAL-TRE&
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-
85
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 72 4802
100 72 4803
400 77 4817
100 70 4874
200 78 4947
400 77 5004
500 77 5026
100 78 5040
100 7T 5061
100 77 5062
300 78 5065
200 76 5069
300 76 5090
200 78 5101
200 78 5111
300 78 5130
100 77 5181
200 76 5199
300 78 5201
300 77 5226
400 78 5228
100 77 5261
100 75 4670
100 75 4678
200 76 4732
200 76 4744
2UO 77 4767
400 77 4798
700 75 4812
100 73 4819
400 73 4837
400 77 4838
400 78 4848
400 77 4850
100 77 4860
300 77 4865
400 78 4897
300 77 4915
300 4920
300 77 4924
700 76 4942
400 78 4967
400 78 4974
400 '78 4979
400 78 4983
100 75 4986
400 78 4998
300 74 5006
400 78 5012
200 77 5019
300 73 5024
100 76 5036
400 77 5050
400 77 5058
200 76 5068
200 76 5070
200 76 5075
100 76 5080
100 76 5082
200 78 5102
100 78 5124
200 76 5125
400 78 5126
400 78 5132
400 77 5177
400 78 5189
400 73 5192
500 77 5197
400 78 5224
400 78 5228
100 75 5235
400 78 5236
500 77 5289
500 77 5290
500 77 5297
300 76 4824
400 78 4849
600 4917
400 78 5132
200 77 4779
500 77 5281
100 77 5247
100 76 4891
200 77 4896
100 77 4989
300 77 5034
100 75 5200
300 77 5047
100 76 4827
100 77 5121
100 76 4928
400 78 4931
400 78 4973
100 78 5057
100 78 5309
400 78 5312
200 76 4725
500 77 5123
100 4997
100 74 4703
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTAT [ON
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMEN TATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTIL IZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTI L IZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER
FESCUES
FIBER-HALL-REACTOR
FILTERS
FILTER-TOHERS
FILTRATE
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
FINANCE
FISH
FISH
FISH-FARMING
FISH-FARMING
FISH-FARMING
FISH-FARMING
FISH-FARMING
F ISH-FARMING
FISH-KILLS
FISH-KILLS
FISH-PONDS
FISH- PRODUCTION
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EKCRETA DISPOSAL 8V METHANE FERMENTATION:I. BASIC EXPERIMENT ON CO
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTATION! II. OPTIMUH LOAD AND COHPA
POULTRY MANURE HAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES PERM
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTE
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYHORDS: RECYCLING ORGANIC-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTE
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED." PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ENSILING REFEED
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEEOLOT-H
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES R
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYHORDS'. ANAEROBIC OIGESTE
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAH BY ACTINOMYCETES KEYWORDS'. WASTE-TREA
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYHORDS: POULTRY-L
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING METH
AUSTRALIANS 'UTILIZE FARM HASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYHOROS'. SHINE-HASTE
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY WITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS! FERT
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF HATER RESOURCES KEYHOROS: WATER-POLLU
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL HASTE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEHAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYUORD
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYHO
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
FEEDLOT MANURE, SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZING STUDIED KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I ON FERTILIZE
LIQUID COW MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT D
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CRUP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-
MANURE CAN SLICE FERTILIZER NEEDS KEYHORDS. SHINE-WASTES FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION W
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
FERTILIZER VALUE OF SHINE MANURt KEYWORDS SWINE-HASTES FERTILIZERS HASTE-COMPOSITION H
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYHDRDS'. POULTRY
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH HAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT HASTE MANA
FEEOLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-HASTES LANO-APPLICA
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS'.
NOW LOOK HHAT THEY RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
NOBODY LAUGHED ABOUT ORGANIC FARMING AFTER SEEING THE HAUGHLEY EXPERIMENT KEYWORDS'. "6
IS ALL THIS PHOSPHATE ON GRASSLAND REALLY NECESSARY KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS PHOSPHATES GR
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BARN CLEAN KEYWORDS.' CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. HASTE-MANAGE
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS1. ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZERS NU
ASKOV 1984—FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES FER
IT S NO BULL! COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COH MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYHORUS'. CATTLE-HASTES
CONTROL OF NONPOINT HATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE! SOME CONCEPTS KEYHORDS: NONPOINT
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEOING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
MARKETING MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS HASTE-STORAGE L
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON THE ROOT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SOME RICE AND
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS AND MANURES ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMI
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
BROILER GROWERS UITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS' POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE Of BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYHOROS'. POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYWORDS: RECYCLING THERMONETICS METHANE REFEED
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYHURDS'. RECYCLING A
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY'. A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
SMALL FARH ENERGY PROJECT KEYHOHOS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEOING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM WASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTE
RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SOME ORGANIC MANURES AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER
MANURE SPREADING BUILDS SOIL ANO PROFITS KEYHORDS. Axil MAL-HASTES ECONOMICS FERTILIZERS
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS' LIQUID-WASTES FERTILIZERS LA
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEOLOT WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHOROS LANO-APPLICAT
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS! AGRICULTURAL-W
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS! CATTLE-HASTES RECYCL
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT:I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS! RECYCLING CATTLE-UA
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
FIBER HALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYHOROS'. DAIRY-HASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND OEHATERING KEYHORDS SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
FRENCH EXPERIMENT [N PIG SLURRY DEOOORIZAT I ON KEYHOROS' DOOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES SLURR
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT ANO SLUDGE OE-HATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
DEHATERING A SHINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS'. SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SWINE-WA
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES WA
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-WASTES SETTLEMENT F
EPA SBA LOANS FOR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS! WATER-POLLUTI ON ABATEMENT FINANCE SM
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF BASS OICENTRARCHUS LABRAX DURING GROWTH. I
POULTRY HASTES IN THE DIET OF ISRAELI CARP KEYHORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES FISH PERF
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
FARMING IN WASTE HATER MAY AID DEVELOPING NATIONS KEYUORDS: AOUACULTURE HASTEH6TER-REUS
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYHORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES HASTEHATER-TRE
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS! FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUAHT
UTILIZATION OF SWINE MANURE IN A POLYCULTURE OF ASIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN FISHES KEYHORD
AGRICULTURAL HASTES IN FISH FARMING KEYUOROS'- SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES POULTRY-HASTES
HATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYHOROS: HATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-H
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
MOVEMENT OF NITRATES ANO OTHER DISSOLVED SALTS FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE KINNERET KEYHO
AERATION, WATER QUALITY, AND CATFISH PRODUCTION KEYWORDS. FISH-PRODUCTION AERATION WATE
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300
100
300
300
100
300
100
300
300
100
400
300
300
700
300
200
200
200
200
400
400
400
400
400
300
400
100
300
100
200
200
100
400
400
400
100
500
100
300
400
400
100
200
100
100
100
100
300
100
200
300
400
100
400
500
200
400
100
400
100
200
700
500
500
100
500
200
100
100
200
100
200
400
700
400
300
400
300
100
200
200
400
400
300
300
400
500
500.
100
300
100
100
100
100
400
200
200
100
300
200
78
73
78
70
78
77
77
75
78
78
77
78
77
75
76
76
74
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
77
78
78
78
77
76
77
78
78
77
78
77
70
78
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
78
77
76
74
77
77
78
77
77
73
78
78
74
78
78
75
78
78
78
78
77
71
74
70
78
78
77
78
77
77
77
76
78
77
77
77
78
77
77
77
77
5037
4801
4976
5086
4958
4969
4991
5002
5131
5136
5058
4952
5034
4812
4690
4749
4758
4770
4809
4831
4840
4846
4899
4977
5010
5012
5014
5049
5056
5104
5109
5148
5163
5211
5223
5258
5300
5308
5010
4845
4871
4949
5000
5033
5041
5043
5064
5153
5180
5191
5218
5219
5051
4847
4903
4763
4838
5118
4669
5138
4715
4704
4904
4901
4878
5275
4959
4689
5095
5101
5262
5103
4669
4812
5161
4976
4680
5183
5306
4762
4781
4909
5011
5025
5035
5212
5265
5287
5242
4964
5015
5240
5242
5244
4669
4767
4807
4855
4916
4966
FISH-HASTES
FLIES
FLIES
FLIES
FLOCCULANTS
FLOORING
FLOORS
FLOORS
FLOORS
FLOORS
FLOW-CHARTS
FLUIOIZED-BED-REAC
FLUID-8ED-INCINERA
FLUID-BED-REACTOR
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSHING
FLUSH-VOLUME
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-CONTROL
FLY-LARVAE
FOOD-PROCESSING-MA
FOOD-PROCESSING-HA
FOOD-HASTES
FORAGES
FORAGES
FORESTRY-HASTES
FORESTRY-HASTES
FORESTS
FOREST-LAND-RUNOFF
FOREST-MANAGEMENT
FOREST-HASTES
FORMALDEHYDE
FORMALDEHYDE
FORMALIN
FOULING
FRACTIONATION
FRACTIONATION
FRACTIONATION
FRICTION-LOSS
FUELS
FUELS
FUELS
FUEL
FUNGICIDES
FUNGI
FUNGI
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES
GASES-TRACE
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROHATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS-PROOUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PROOUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
METHODS OF FECAL COLLECTION AND NUTRIENT LEACHING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES KEYHOROS: FI
INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE POULTRY MANURE BREEDING HABITAT ON EMERGENCE DENSITY OF SYNANTHR
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
WORLDHIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS' LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEEP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
SELECTING A SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER HASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYWORDS'- DEHYDRATION
CONTROL OF NONPOINT HATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE.' SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS'. NONPOINT
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS: FEE
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
GUTTER FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHOROS: FLUSHING SWINE-WASTES DESIGN LAGO
THE APPLICATION OF FLUSHING MANURE-HANDLING SYSTEMS TO POULTRY BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: POUL
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GRDUNOHATER QUALITY KEYHORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
HASTEWATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SHINE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING HASTE
FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEHS-CUT CUSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEOLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING
FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SHINE PENS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
LOH-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYHORDS: LIQUID-WASTES OAIRY-HA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: SWINE
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNDERSLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FLUSHING DESIGN SLO
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BARM CLEAN KEYHOROS: CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
FLUSHING PIGGERY HASTES KEYWORDS' FLUSHING SHINE-HASTES DESIGN EFFLUENT
REFEEDING HASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
FLUSHING SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING DESIG
HIGH VOLUME FLUSH DEVICES FOR ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: FLUSHING DESIGN WATER-U
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS'. MANURE-PITS HASTE-ST
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-HATER STORAGE KEYWORDS'- WASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING WASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTED-FLO
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYHORDS- ODOR-CONTFt
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS SHINE-WASTES DAIRY-INOUSTRY POL
DISTRIBUTION UF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNDtRSLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM KEYHOROS: MODEL-STUDIES FLUSHING DESIGN SLO
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR NATURAL PREDATORS KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTROL PREDATORS MANURE-PAD PO
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES WASTE-REMOVAL M
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEQLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING 0 I ETHYLST [LBE S TffOL, CHLOR TE TRAC YCL
I.N-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYHOROS: DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYHOROS: FLV-CONTR
USE OF THIOCARBAM!DE TO CONTROL HOUSE FLIES IN CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTRO
THIOCARbAMIDE AS AN INSECTICIDE-WHEN APPLIED TO CAGE LAYING HEN FECES KEYHOROS: FLY-CON
EFFICACY OF HETHOPR6NE ;ALTOS 10^1 GR) i AGAINST THE HORN FLY WHEN FED TO CATTLE IN MINER
INTRODUCING DUNG BEETLES AS AN AID IN MANURE DISPOSAL AND FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CON
PARASITES OF HAEKATOBIA IRRITANS AND OTHER FLIES BREEDING IN BOVINE FECES IN NORTHEAST
AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES FLY-CONTROL ODOR-CONTROL
DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL DEEP-PITS POULTR
FEATHERS ON MANURE CAN INCREASE FLY PROBLEM KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES FEATHE
AN ATTEMPT TO MECHANIZE NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN WASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS'. FEEDS FOOO-PROCE SSING-HASTE S BREHERY-HAST
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN WASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS". LAND-APPLICATION MUN5
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
FEEDLOT MANURE, SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZING STUDIED KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZE
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES'. A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES FOREST
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES AS AM ENERGY RESOURCE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FO
ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYHORDS: LIQUID-
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVEK NEAR WAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA KEYH
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL HASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPL1CATI ON ANIMAL-HASTE
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AMD MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION A.ND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. SYS
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
FRACTIONATION OF NITROGEN ISOTOPES HY ANIMALS: A FURTHER COMPLICATION TO THE USE OF VA
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYWORDS: REFEEDING FEEOLOT-H
PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC MANURES-!. FRACTIONATION OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS KEYWORD
CONTOUR FURROW IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICROTUBING FOR FLOW CONTROL KEYHOR
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES! A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS' AGRICULTURAL-HASTES FOREST
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION Oc CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS: SALT GROUNDHATER-POLLUTI ON DAIRY-WASTES OE
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEA'
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEEU-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES! A CHEMICAL AND MICROblAL PROFILE
MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BROODER HOUSE KEYWORDS: POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
SHINE BUILDING AIP, CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS.'. SHINE-HASTES GASE
LIQUID MANURE CAN RELEASE DEADLY GASES KEYHOROS: LIQUI0-HASTFS GASES TUXICIIY SAFETY
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS' AIR-POLLU1 I ON PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFfNENENT-PENS CATTLE-H
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION ODORS—THE STATE-OF-THE-ART KEYWORDS' AIR-POLLUTION ODOR-C
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE DUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOIS AIR
WARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS.' GASES HYDROGEN-SULFI DE METHANE CARBON-DIOK
ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-HASTES H6STE-STQP.AG
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PVRQLYSiSr HYDROGENATI ON KEYHOR
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODORANTS VI
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODOP.S FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES ODOR HEASUR
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MALOOORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES
SAMPLING, CHARACTERISATION AMD ANALYSIS OF MALODOUP.S KEYHORDS: ODOR SW^NE-WASTES POULTR
A METHOD FOP, SAMPLING MR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING OOORANTS HI
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AIR IN PIG HOUSES KEYHORDS: ODOR SHINE-HASTES SPECTROPHOTOMETH
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES: A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYHORDS: AGRICULfURAL-HASTES FOREST
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE HITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS! DAIRY-HASTES
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHOROS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS HASTES—UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING
METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS! SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SHINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS'.
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300 76 5090
200 78 5127
300 78 5130
300 78 5142
100 78 5144
300 78 5152
200 78 5195
200 76 5199
200 77 4767
100 76 5216
200 76 4709
200 76 4711
200 76 4714
200 76 4718
200 76 4730
200 77 4764
200 77 4778
400 77 4797
200 72 4818
400 78 4899
700 76 4942
300 74 5006
100 73 5085
200 76 5227
400 78 4939
700 76 4942
400 78 5134
400 78 4832
400 77 4936
100 70 4676
100 73 4689
100 77 4691
100 72 4696
100 69 4697
200 76 4714
200 76 4730
100 76 5021
200 78 5114
100 78 5170
500 77 5288
100 78 4879
200 76 4705
200 76 4720
200 76 4721
200 74 4761
200 77 4770
200 77 4794
700 76 4804
300 73 4626
500 77 4905
500 77 4907
300 77 4915
300 77 4937
400 74 4990
100 75 5094
500 77 5123
400 78 5161
500 77 4907
400 78 4680
100 74 5087
400 78 4699
400 76 5009
100 77 491',
400 78 4823
300 78 49?6
100 75 4678
300 76 4870
500 77 4907
300 77 4915
300 78 5055
200 76 5066
200 76 50T1
200 78 5156
300 78 5175
100 77 5179
300 78 5183
400 78 5220
200 76 5125
100 70 4874
100 78 4954
100 75 4863
100 75 4698
200 7? 4770
400 78 4829
100 7' 4664
400 78 4996
400 78 5208
200 77 4872
100 7? 4969
100 78 4856
500 77 5267
100 78 4971
100 77 5020
300 78 5194
200 74 4760
300 77 4866
300 76 4976
400 74 4988
100 77 5242
500 71 5276
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-PRODUCTION
GAS-STORAGE
GRAPHS
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
GRASS-FILTERS
GRASS-TETANY
GRASS-TETANY
GRASS-TETANY
GRAVI TY-DRAIN-SYST
GRAVITY-DRAIN-SYST
GRAZING
GRAZING
GRAZ [NG
GRAZING
GRAZ I NG
GRAZING
GRAZING
GRAZ ING
GRAZING
GRAZING
GRAZON
GROSS-ENERGY
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNOWATER-PQLLUT
GRUUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNOWATER-POLLUT
GROUNUWATER- POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATEfl-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER-POLLUT
GROUNDHATER- POLLUT
GROUNDWATER-POLLUT
GROUNOWATER-POLLUT
GROUNOWATEB -RECHJ.R
GV-11
GYPSUM
HARVEST ING
HAUL ING
HEAD-LOSS
HEATING
HEATING
HEAVY-METAL S
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METiLS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-METALS
HEAVY-MET6LS
HEAVY-METALS
HEMICELLULASE
HEMICELLULOSE
HEMICELLULOSt
HERBAGE-REJECTION
HERBICIDES
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLDING-PONDS
HOLD1NG-1 ANKS
HOMOGENATION
HORMONES
HORSES
HORSE-WASTES
HORSE-WASTES
HORSE-WASTES
HOUS ING
HOUSING
HOUS ING
HOUSING
HOUSING
HOUSING
BIOCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING GAS-PRODUCTI
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTE
THE FEASIBILITY OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY ANIMAL HASTES'. THE FARMER S PERSPECTI
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-HA
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE MANURE KEYWORD
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION AN«ER
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE HITH DAIRY MANURE KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: CAT
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION G
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYHOR
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAH!A GRASS KEYWORDS: SLURR
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LAND-APPLIC
THE FATE DF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
LOW-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-HA
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH HAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT HASTE MAN*
IS ALL THIS PHOSPHATE ON GRASSLAND REALLY NECESSARY KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS PHOSPHATES GR
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATI
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYHOROS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION P»
THE AFFECT op APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH HAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT HASTE HANA
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYWORDS: GRAVITY-DRAIN-SYS
GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
FOULING OF PASTURES BY OUNG KEYWORDS' CATTLE-HASTES PASTURES WASTE-COMPOSITION OEGRADAT
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
INJECTION OF DAIRY HASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION PASTURE
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES PATHOG
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS' WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLI CATtON ECONOMICS SPRBY-IRRIGAT 1
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
TRICHUSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY BY COWS OR BY CAL
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-SOUR
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATOOE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMM
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF'. [.INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, V.
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES EFFLUENTS LANO-APPL!
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DEN ITRIFI CAT ION IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WAST
NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SWINE FEEOLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS SHINE MANAGE
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNOwATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWQODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS:
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES AN IMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-WA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNOHATER-POL
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
NATURAL SOIL NITRATE: THE CAUSE OF THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUND HATER IN RUNNEL
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS'. SALT GROUNDHATER-POLLUT ION DAIRY-HASTES DE
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYHORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE IFYMI ON THE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CALCIUrt AVAILAB!
FEEDING FEEDLOT WASTE TO CATTLE KEYHOROS: REFEEDING FEEDLOT-HASTES CATTLE HARVESTING EN
EARTHEN WASTE BASIN KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM DETENTI
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
MORE DEAR MOTHER A LETTER FROM JIM LAWRENCE KEYWORDS'. KEATING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOG
I'HE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FER7
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS MUNICIPAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES OAIRY-WA
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY WASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN DPW FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIE
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'. CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY! PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS SEWAGE SLUDGE LANO-APPLICA1 I ON
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEOLOT WASTES! A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KE.YWORDS: LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEOLOT HASTES KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS WASTE-COMPOSITI
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TO AVOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL KEYWORDS.' LAND-APPLICATION HERBICIDES ANIH
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HOLDING-PONDS I AC-DON
RUNOFF CONTROL KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRISJBASI MS LOCATION HO
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS—NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS:
STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS FOR FEEDLOT RUNOFF SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFT DEBRIS-BASINS
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE WASTE-STOR6G
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID WASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOf KEYWORDS'. LI
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS'- L ton ID-WAS TES WA
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HAS
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES
STUDIES WITH HORSES COMPARING 4N-HC1 INSOLUBLE ASH AS AN INDEX MATERIAL WITH TOTAL FECA
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
A NEW APPROACH IN NON-SLATTED LIQUID WASTE SWINE HOUSING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SHINE HEALTH KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SHINE HOUSING AMMONIA
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS' POULTRY-HASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
PIGGERY UNDER-SLfcT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYHOROS. SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES «
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODQRANTS H!
COLLECTION, SIORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: D«IRY-HAS1E$ SLURRIES C.OLI
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200
100
100
200
500
500
700
100
400
400
200
400
400
300
200
400
300
400
400
500
100
500
200
100
100
200
200
300
300
300
300
100
400
ZOO
300
300
300
400
400
600
100
700
500
500
500
500
500
300
200
200
700
200
200
300
100
400
100
100
100
400
300
100
100
200
500
200
100
400
400
300
100
300
200
300
200
200
400
400
400
ZOO
400
100
100
100
400
400
300
400
100
300
100
300
300
400
200
300
100
400
300
300
74
78
78
77
77
77
74
78
78
78
74
78
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
77
77
77
78
77
75
76
76
74
73
72
74
77
77
76
77
78
78
78
78
77
74
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
76
77
77
78
77
75
78
77
78
77
78
77
76
77
76
77
78
77
78
78
77
75
77
78
78
77
77
78
78
77
76
78
78
77
77
78
78
75
78
74
77
78
78
78
77
78
77
65
77
78
78
4757
5053
5136
5237
5265
5287
4908
5307
4671
4684
4781
4841
4852
4866
4966
5011
5139
5206
5212
5276
4855
5026
5101
5181
4670
5070
4711
4702
4820
4821
4822
5135
4850
4729
4751
4940
4976
4849
4849
4917
4987
4704
4901
4903
4904
4905
5026
5034
4717
4718
5182
5237
5103
4915
4679
4871
4953
4956
5033
5221
4915
5210
4953
4730
5275
5122
4766
4688
5003
5149
4678
4982
5156
4745
4806
4811
4829
4840
4852
4869
4899
4930
4946
4950
4979
4996
5002
5012
5027
5049
5052
5055
5063
5099
5103
5129
5133
5141
5175
5176
HUMIDITY
HUMIDITY
HUMIDITY
HYDRAULIC-CONDUCTI
HYDROGENATION
HYDROGENATION
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE
HYOROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE
HYOROGEN-SULFIOE
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIOE
HYOROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIOE
HYDROGEN-SULFIOE
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE
HYDROGEN-SULFIOE
HYOROGEN-SULF IDE
HYDROLYS IS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROMETER
HYOROSEEDING
HYPOMAGNESAEMIA
ILLINOIS-LAW
ILLINOIS-LAW
ILL INO I S-LAW
ILLINOIS-LAW
ILLUMINATION
IMT-CORPORATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
INCINERATION
IHCINERATION
INC
INC
INC ^
INDOLE
INOUSTRIAL-EFFLUEM
I NDUSTR I AL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
INDUSTRIAL-HASTES
INDUSTRY
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATION
INFILTRATI ON-RATE
INJECTION
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTICIDES
INSECTS
INSECTS
INSECT-CONTROL
IN-VITRO-RESISTANC
I ONI Z ING-RAD I AT ION
ION-DIFFUSION
ION-EXCHANGE
IOWA-LAW
IOWA-LAH
IOHA-LAH
IRON
IRON
IRON
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
I RRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
I RRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY 6ARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER WASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS'. LI8UID-
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-STORAG
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENATION KEYHOR
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS: OXI
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
LIQUID MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-WASTES HYDROGEN
PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HYOROGEN-S
SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES GASE
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SWINE-HASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHORDS'-
TOXIC GASES KILL HORKER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CftTTLE-H
DEATH IN A FARM HORKER ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC GASES FROM A LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM! HISCON
COLOR THESE LAGOONS PURPLE KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-HASTES PURPLE-SULFUR-BACTERIA
HARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS: GASES HYDROGEN-SULFIDE METHANE CARBON-DIOX
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOX1CITY HY
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS HASTES—UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-HASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYWORDS: REFEEOING FEEOLOT-W
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAW BY ACT INOMYCETES KEYHOROS'. HASTE-TREA
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS- SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER'S CHICKEN-
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC. AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R. DETERS-FAS I AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS .1 DETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES HAST
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
DISPOSAL OF FEEOLOT WASTES USING A THO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES RECYCL
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT I BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS! RECYCLING CATTLE-HA
OUANTITATION OF INDOLE AND SKATOLE IN A HOUSED SWINE UNIT KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFIN
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR WAYNESBORO, VIRGINIA KEYW
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN HASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYHORDSl LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC HASTE APPLICATION
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC HASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYHOROS: ANIMAL-WASTES
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY L4NDSPREAD INGS IN
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
CONTOUR FURROW IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICROTUBING FOR FLOW CONTROL KEYWOR
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS' LIQU10-WASTES DAIRY-HA
NOTE ON DETOXICATION OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYHORDS! INSECTICIDES LINOANE SOIL-
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYWORDS. FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES WASTE-REMOVAL M
SELECTIVE MORTALITY OF INSECTS IN MANURE FROM CATTLE FED RABON AND DIMILIN KEYHOROS: IN
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY HASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTR
LESSER MEALHORM BEETLES INVADE MAINE RESIDENCES KEYWORDS. BEETLES POULTRY-WASTES INSECT
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION UF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HABITS OF THE INSECT FAUNA INHABITING CATTLE DROPPINGS IN NORTH C
SELECTIVE MORTALITY OF INSECTS IN MANURE FROM CATTLE FED RABON AND DIMILIN KEYWORDS: IN
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS' PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEOING L
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES LE
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYHORDS: ZEOLITE
TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR BUILDING LAGOONS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMIT
MANURE HANDLING EQUIPMENT EXEMPT FROM PROPERTY TAX KEYWORDS: IOWA-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS POL
COMMON SCENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FERT
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS'- SHINE-WASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
COSTS OF SELECTED WASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURF ACE-AERAT ED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS: DA
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
RUNOFF CONTROL KEYHORDS FEEOLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
FEEOLOT SELLS MANURE KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYHOROS. FCEDLOT-HASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
UNIFORM SLURRY SPREADING WITH A CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES LAND-
LOH-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYWORDS.' LIQUID-HASTES OAIRY-WA
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND WATER KEYWO
MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
NOW LOOK HHAT THEY RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS FOR FEEOLUT RUNOFF SYSTEMS KEYWORDS.' FFEOLOT-RUNOFF DEBRIS-BASINS
SELECTING A SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BARN CLEAN KEYHORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER, LEACHING LEVELS AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE PERF
REFEEOING WASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS'. SWINE
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS- HASTE-STORAGE DAIRY-HASTES FEEOLOT-RUNOF
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES CONFINEMENT L WASTE REUSE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
CONTOUR FURROW IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICROTUBING FOR FLOW CONTROL KEYHOR
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYHORDS'. MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICAT I ON IRRIGATION EQUIPM
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS IN -NEW ZEALAND KEYWO
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SEHAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'- CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
89
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 5189
400 78 5222
500 77 5290
500 77 4902
700 74 4898
400 78 4935
200 76 4739
200 77 4867
100 77 4691
400 78 4816
200 77 4943
200 78 5110
500 77 5291
100 77 5062
100 77 5061
300 78 5201
300 78 5202
300 78 5204
400 78 4688
300 76 4690
400 78 4693
200 76 4706
200 76 4712
300 78 4745
200 77 4765
200 77 4770
200 74 4787
200 77 4794
400 78 4796
200 77 4806
200 77 4807
200 77 4808
200 77 4809
400 78 4840
400 78 4846
400 77 4852
200 77 4867
100 77 4893
700 74 4898
300 77 4938
200 77 4957
100 78 4958
2UO 77 4966
400 78 4973
400 78 4977
300 77 4982
400 74 4990
400 78 5012
200 77 5019
300 77 5049
100 78 5056
300 78 5063
400 78 5067
200 78 5112
500 77 5123
400 77 5141
400 78 5164
300 77 5205
400 78 5209
400 78 5220
300 78 5231
500 77 5265
500 77 5283
400 77 5050
100 75 4678
100 75 4679
400 78 4681
100 77 4691
100 72 4696
100 69 4697
100 75 4698
200 76 4705
200 76 4706
200 76 4707
200 76 4708
200 76 4709
200 76 4710
200 76 4711
200 76 4712
200 76 4713
200 76 4714
200 76 4715
200 76 4716
200 76 4717
200 76 4718
200 76 4719
200 76 4720
200 76 4721
200 76 4722
200 76 4723
200 76 4725
200 76 4726
200 76 4727
200 76 4728
200 76 4729
200 76 4730
200 76 4731
200 76 4732
200 76 4733
200 76 4735
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION-RETURN-
IRRIGATION-TAILHAT
KAPLAN
KJELOAHL-NITROGEN
KJELDAHL-NITROGEN
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LABOR
LACTIC-ACIDS
LACTIC-AC ID
LACTIC-ACID
LACTIC-ACID
LACTIC-ACID
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAGOONS
LAHAR-POHER-PLANT
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT [ON
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT [ON
LAND-APPLICATION
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYWORDS: RECYCLING THERMONETICS METHANE REFEED
HASTIGATION KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES IRRIGATION WASTE-COMPOSITION LAND-APPLICATION ECONO
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT
PROPERTIES OF WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS'. HASTEHATER-MANAGEMENT WASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS: CATT
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS'. KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEDING MET
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR L IOU10 SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE AERAT
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
INJECTION OF DAIRY WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION PASTURE
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES MANURE-PITS CLEANI
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE LI
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SHINE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: ECONOMIC
FERMENTATION OF SWINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED'. PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYHORD
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYHORDS! POULTRY-L
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF ENSILED SHINE HASTE AND GROUND COR
TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR BUILDING LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. LAGOONS DESIGN LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMIT
GUTTER FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS". FLUSHING SWINE-WASTES DESIGN LAGO
LAGODNS-HHAT SIZE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERO KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYWORD
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT (IN FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
COSTS OF SELECTED HASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-6
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING HASTE-TREATMENT SH
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
UNAERATED LAGOON RESPONSE TO LOADING INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-WA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF 8EEF GATTLE ON FLATHOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
LET SHINE HASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE PITS LAG
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AERAT ED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS'- DA
BACTERIAL RESPONSE 10 SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
HASTEHATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SWINE KEYHORDS SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING HASTE
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYHORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING
FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SHINE PENS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-HASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDHEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS' DAIRY-HASTES ANAE
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHORDS SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS' CATT
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS' LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES DESI
ANAEROBIC LAGUONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR WASTEWATER KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES AER
HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SHINE-HASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHORDS:
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS- LIQUID-HASTES HASTEHATER-TRE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: SHINE
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDHEST KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA"
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYHOROS SHINE-WASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
NON-STOP FLUSHING KEEPS BAR.M CLEAN KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE FLUSHING LAGOONS I
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGE
REFEEDING HASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYHORDS' DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYORATI
FLUSHING SLAT HASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYHORDS SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING DESIG
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MANURE HANDLING KEYHCJRDS HA STE-STORAGE DAIRY-HASTES FEEDLOT-RUNOF
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYHORUS AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEH ZEALAND KEYHOROS DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS HAS
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYHURDS AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWO
OPEN LAGOONS MAY DISAPPEAR KEYWORDS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LAGOONS DESIGN
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
SALT BUILDUP CAUSES LAGOON FAILURE KEYHOROS. LAGOONS DAIRY-HASTES ANAEROBIC ELECTRICAL-
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYHOROS' LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
HATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL HASTE LAGOONS UTILISING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS: LA
ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STORAG
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' LAGOONS DESIGN FEEDLOTS ECONOMICS AEROBIC AN
IT S NO BULL COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS.' FERT
NOTE UN DETOXICATION OF LINOANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYWORDS.' INSECTICIDES LINDANE SOIL-
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAND-APPLI CAT I
INJECTION OF DAIRY HASTE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION PASTURE
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM HASTE MATERIAL KEYHORDS: SLURRIES PATHOG
DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECUNOMICS SPRAY-IRRIGATI
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL KEYWORDS.' LAND-APPLICATION HERBICIDES ANIM
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FRUM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYWORD
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYWORDS1 SOLID-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES DEN
CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQUID PIG MANURE SPREADING KEYHORDS' SLURRIES SHINE-HASTES LAND-A
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLI CAT I ON G
EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES SH
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
THE YIELD EFFICIENT NITROGEN PORTION IN TREATED AND UNTREATED MANURE KEYHOROS'. LIVESTOC
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHICAT I ON OF SURFACE WATERS IN RELATION TO PHOSPHORUS MANURI
RELATIONS BETHEEN PEOOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREADINGS IN
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
SOIL, HATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DEN ITRIFI CAT ION IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYHORDS: SHINE-HAST
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE ON SOIL-EFFECT ON SOIL SALINITY KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HAS
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
WATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-W
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MANURE BANKS IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS'.
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPRE ADI NG AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS'. SOLID-W
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND SPREADING OF MANURES VERSUS OTHER USES - A SYSTEM AP
90
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
400
400
400
700
200
200
400
200
100
400
400
400
400
400
100
400
100
100
100
200
300
100
700
100
400
400
700
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
700
700
400
700
200
100
100
100
400
100
400
400
400
400
400
100
200
100
300
300
500
100
100
100
100
300
200
200
100
100
100
200
100
100
300
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
200
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
74
73
74
78
77
77
76
77
77
78
72
73
76
77
78
78
77
77
77
77
76
77
76
76
77
74
75
77
78
74
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
73
78
76
77
77
77
78
78
77
78
77
74
78
78
76
77
77
78
73
77
74
76
76
78
78
76
76
76
75
76
75
73
74
77
74
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
77
76
75
78
4736
4737
4738
4741
4742
4743
4744
4753
4756
4764
4771
4772
4774
4778
4779
4780
4782
4787
4796
4797
4798
4804
4808
4809
4816
4818
4819
4828
4838
4840
4851
4852
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4869
4870
4881
4882
4883
4887
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4921
4922
4939
4942
4943
4945
4950
4955
4967
4970
4978
4985
4990
5001
5009
5018
5019
5022
5023
5024
5026
5027
5029
5036
5054
5055
5070
5075
5080
5081
5082
5083
5085
5087
5088
5089
5106
5107
5109
5110
5112
5115
5116
5118
5119
5120
5122
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT I ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATI ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL 1CAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATI ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL [CAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICAT ION
LANO-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPHCATION
LANO-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS ON MANORE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES BY LAND SPRE
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HARMONISAT I ON OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS IN THE EEC COMM
HARMDNISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS:
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
A REVIEW OF MULCHES TO CONTROL WIND EROSION KEYWORDS: WIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID MANURE SPREADING AND INJECTION SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. EOUIPMENT-LAND-
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL bERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWOR
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SWINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAHIA GRASS KEYWORDS: SLURR
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
SOIL AND CROP CONSIDERATIONS FOR RECYCLING WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPE
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS WASTE-STORAGE AERATIO
UNAERATED LAGOON RtSPONSE TO LOADING INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-WA
LET SWINE WASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE PITS LAG
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF RUNOFF KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LAND-APPLIC
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS'.
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIAbLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
WASTEWATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SWINE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING WASTE
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES MANURE-PITS CLEANI
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWD
WHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WA
FEEDLOT MANUREt SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZING STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZE
FEEDLDT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
MANAGE FEEDLOT WASTE TO CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTES FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS FEEDLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
THE BEST OF FOUR BARNS KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN CATTLE PERFORMANCE LAND-APPLIC
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPEDANCE TO SIMULATED SEEDLING EMERGENCE BY THE ADDITION OF MANURE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS — NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS'.
UNIFORM SLURRY SPREADING WITH A CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND —APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
WINTER-APPLIED MANURE—EFFECTS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYWORD
A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WAST
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TU AVOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
MANURE CAN SLICE FERTILIZER NEEDS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLIC ATI ON W
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS: CATT
LOW-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES OAIRY-WA
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS'. ORGANIC-WASTES SOILS
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN WASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES KEYWOR
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LANO-APP
EFFECT OF 3EEF CATTLE MANURE ON SUIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS.' CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPL
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION PA
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
NITRIFICATION AND DEN ITRIF1C AT I ON IN CATTLE MANURE-AMENDED SOIL KEYWORDS' LANO-APPLICA
FEEDLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES LANO-APPLICA
EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON WATER-STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WA
GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS WITH CORNLAGE KEYWORDS! SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYWORDS. LIQUID-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLGTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LAND-A
EARTHEN WASTE BASIN KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM DETENTI
COW SLURRY MANAGEMENT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TU BRIDGETS KEYWORDS1. CATTLE-WA STE S SLU
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGE
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TU SOIL KEYWORDS'. POULTRY
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS' FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES LAN
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZERS NU
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER, LEACHING LEVELS AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE PERF
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NOOULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN KEYWORD
ASKOV 1984—FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-WASTES FER
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES—A REVIEW KEYWORDS'. ANIMAL-WASTES LA
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS'. SWINE
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYORDSEEDING KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES CHEMICAL-
MARKETING MANURE KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS WASTE-STORAGE L
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON THE ROOT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SOME RICE AND
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS AND MANURES ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMI
NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATI
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE (FYM) ON THE YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CALCIUM AVAILABI
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS: 1. BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER — TERIUNGTON EHF REPORT
THE EFFECTIVENESS QJ= LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS WITH PLOUGHEO-IN STRAW IN THE CR
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS.' LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEW YORK STATE KEYWORDS'. NONPOI NT-SOURCES L EGAL-ASPEC TS M
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS WASTE-ST
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE LI
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWORDS DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS WAS
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'- DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-
DEVELOPMENT OF A SLURRY SPINNER KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION EQU I PMENT-I RR I GAT 10
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION DF THE SOIL ATM
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES LE
91
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
500
200
200
300
300
100
400
100
100
400
100
400
200
400
400
100
100
300
300
400
100
100
700
400
300
400
300
700
100
400
400
200
400
400
500
300
300
100
200
100
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
200
200
400
400
400
300
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
100
300
100
100
300
300
400
100
200
100
400
400
400
300
300
200
300
200
200
400
700
300
300
300
300
300
700
500
300
300
200
400
100
300
400
400
77
76
78
77
78
65
78
77
76
77
78
78
7B
75
78
78
78
78
78
77
78
77
77
78
78
77
78
77
75
78
78
78
78
78
76
77
78
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
77
77
78
78
77
76
78
77
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
74
78
78
77
75
78
75
78
78
78
75
74
76
78
71
76
77
76
76
73
72
74
76
73
77
78
74
77
78
76
78
77
78
5123
5125
5128
5129
5131
5133
5134
5137
5140
5141
5148
5151
5154
5157
5165
5171
5173
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5182
5187
5188
5193
5194
5198
5200
5207
5211
5214
5215
5222
5225
5226
5229
5232
5238
5245
5247
5265
5274
5275
5286
5289
5290
5291
5298
5300
5301
4734
4806
4817
5132
5236
4927
5021
5170
4949
4720
4723
4724
4744
4860
4937
4946
5027
5037
5055
5058
5094
5122
4678
4685
4688
4692
4701
4702
4707
4745
4747
4792
4793
4804
4814
4820
4821
4822
4825
4884
4900
4940
4960
4994
5003
5013
5025
5058
5067
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LANO-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT I ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT ION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPLICAT I ON
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICAT ION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND- PPLICATION
LAND-APPLICATION
LAND-APPL ICATION
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-DISPOSAL
LAND-SPREADING
LAND-USE
LARVAE
LARVAE
LARVICIDES
LEACHING
LEACH NG
LEACHING
LEACH NG
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACH NG
LEACH NG
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEACHING
LEAD
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
POLLUTION! CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGR [CULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATIO
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS! MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE
A MANUAL ON' EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EOUIPM
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND FYM APPLICATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ROCK PHOSPHATE FOR WHEAT KE
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON NODULATION AND NITROG
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWO
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
HOH CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-INDUSTRY bEDDIN
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WAS
NEW SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYWORDS' COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
ONE FARMER S OUTLOOK ON COMPOSTING MANURE KEYWORDS'. COMPOSTING LAND-APPLICATION
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF CATT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'. CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
MANURE IS AM INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS'. NONPOI NT-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY.' PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS'. SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS.' ORGANIC-HASTES LAND-
ESTIMATING U.S. LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
KEEPING DAIRY WASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROHTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-HASTES SETTLEMENT F
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-HASTES LANO-APP
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING WASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
TRANSPORT OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF WATER FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS! CATTLE-WASTES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
WASTIGATION KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES IRRIGATION HASTE-COMPOSITION LAND-APPLICATION ECONO
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS'. WASTE-TREATMENT T
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING METH
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS TO SAND TO INCREASE THE MOISTURE LEVEL FOR THE GROHTH OF BAJRA PE
USE DF CLIMATIC DATA IN ESTIMATING STORAGE DAYS FOR SOILS TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: C
ODOURS ARISING FROM THE LAND-SPREADING OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SHINE-W
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEOOORIZAT I ON KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES SLURR
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM HASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APPLIC
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIOUID-HASTES FERTILIZERS LA
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICAT
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SHINE FEEOLOT HASTES KEYWORDS'. ECONOMIC
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SWINE-WASTES LIQUID
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS SWINE-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY POL
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS LIQUID-WASTES LANO-APPLIC
TWO LEVELS OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYHOROS: MODEL-STUDIES HASTE
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURF ACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS: DA
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
MANURE SPREADING BUILDS SOIL AND PROFITS KEYWORDS'- ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS FERTILIZERS
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT ARM MODEL'. VERSION II REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS:
TR1CHOSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY BY COWS OR BY CAL
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMM
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING 01ETHYLSTILBESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
LEACHING OF NI IRATE AND DEN ITRIFICATI ON IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATIDN-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
EXAMINATION OF SOIL SAMPLES TAKEN UNDER SILAGE MANURE HEAPS AND IN MANURED FIELDS KEYWO
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
EFFECTS DF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SJIL, WATER, AND NITROG
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNOWATER-POL
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND WATER KEYHO
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRIGATION HATER, LEACHING LEVELS AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE PERF
METHODS OF FECAL COLLECTION AND NUTRIENT LEACHING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES KEYWORDS: FI
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT—AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE: SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS: NONPOINT
NATURAL SOIL NITRATE.' THE CAUSE OF THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER IN RUNNEL
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES LE
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: PERT
THE POLITICS OF ODOR KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR BUILDING LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS DESIGN LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMIT
LET THEM EAT HASTE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS D
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: SHINE FEEDLOTS AI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER'S CHICKEN-
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYHORDS: SOLID-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES DEN
COSTS OF SELECTED HASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY KEYWORDS: WASTE-DISPOS
HOW AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS AFFECT AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS KEYWORDS.'' A IR-POLLUT10N LE
ANIMAL WASTE FEEDING GUIDES SET FOR STATES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-HASTES-PROCESSED
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYHORDS:
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS-' LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR FEEDLOTS ZONING SITE-SELE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R, OETERS-FABIAN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAHSUITS KEYWORDS: ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DAIRY FARMS IN TWO REGIONS DOMINATE
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC HASTES AND WASTE HATERS KEYHORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAW PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
IMPACT OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS'. LEGAL
MANURE HANDLING EQUIPMENT EXEMPT FROM PROPERTY TAX KEYWORDS'- IOWA-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS POL
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT-A SUMMARY OF FEEOLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION DOORS—THE STATE-OF-IHE-ART KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION ODOR-C
CONTROL OF NONPOINT HATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE! SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS! NONPOINT
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYWORDS! AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
92
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200 76 5074
400 78 5092
200 78 5107
500 77 5123
300 77 5149
600 75 5150
200 78 5155
400 78 5164
400 77 5193
300 78 5194
300 78 5229
100 77 5241
100 77 5253
100 77 5254
100 77 5255
100 77 5256
100 77 5257
500 77 5271
500 77 5272
500 77 5293
500 77 5295
500 77 5296
500 77 5298
500 77 5299
100 70 4874
400 78 4675
100 78 4954
100 78 5307
200 78 5195
100 75 4679
400 78 4671
400 78 4677
200 71 4687
100 78 4694
200 76 4707
200 76 4715
200 76 4722
200 76 4727
200 76 4736
200 76 4739
200 76 4756
200 77 4769
400 77 4789
400 78 4828
400 78 4837
400 78 4840
400 78 4848
100 77 4854
300 77 4865
200 77 4872
100 77 4895
700 74 4898
400 78 4899
500 77 4900
400 78 4909
300 77 4915
100 76 4928
400 77 4936
100 77 4945
400 78 4973
400 77 4985
100 77 4989
100 77 4993
200 77 5019
100 78 5056
100 74 5089
200 78 5103
200 78 5110
200 78 5115
100 78 5158
100 78 5171
400 78 5207
200 77 5237
500 77 5289
500 77 5291
500 77 5295
500 77 5298
500 77 5301
100 78 5307
100 77 4813
400 78 4680
100 77 5306
400 77 4847
100 77 5255
100 75 4(79
200 76 4705
200 76 4706
200 76 4713
200 76 4725
200 71 4762
400 78 4851
300 76 4659
100 77 4864
300 76 4873
100 77 4881
300 77 4938
200 78 «-947
400 78 4975
400 77 5004
403 78 5009
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LEGAL-ASPECTS
LIGNINS
LIGNIN
L I GN 1 N
LIHE
LINCOMYC1N
L INDANE
LIQUID-HASTES
L 10U ID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
HQUIO-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-HASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LIQUID-WASTES
LISTERIA-MONOCYTOG
LITTERS
LITTERS
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK
L IVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTUCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-BASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK,-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE TO SOLVE W4TER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECT
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEW YORK STATE KEYHOROS: NONPOI NT-SOURCES LEGAL-ASPECTS M
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
COMMON SCENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
MISSOURI'S SHOH-ME APPROACH TO 208 INVOLVEMENT KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS HATER-POLLUTION
OPEN LAGOONS MAY DISAPPEAR KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LAGOONS DESIGN
KEEPING DAIRY WASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAHS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
CHARACTERIZATION OF ODORS AND OTHER VOLATILE EMISSIONS KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL VOLATILE-
DANISH RULES AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS
U.K. PROBLEMS AND LEGISLATION RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL LEGAL-AS
ODOUR PROBLEMS AND ODOUR CONTROL IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY FARMS IN THE NETHFRLA
FRENCH REGULATIONS CONCERNING ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS
BELGIAN LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE BUILDING AND EXPLOITATION OF STOCK-FARMS KEYWORDS: A
MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS. POLLUTION FEEOLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS MOOEL-S
EFFLUENT REGULATIONS FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOTS IN THE USA KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION POINT-SOU
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES IN THE GOR KEYWORDS'. SLURRIES WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-COMPO
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYHORDS. FEEOLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SHINE-HASTES LIQUID
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTRO
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEOLOT MANURE KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS HASTE-COMPO SI TI
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE MANURE KEYWORD
NOTE ON OETOXICATION OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYHOROS: INSECTICIDES LINDANE SOIL-
LIOUIO MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYHORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-WASTES HYDROGEN
SWINE ODOR NOT LOWERED MUCH BY CONTROL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES 00
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY A bARRIERED WASTEHATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYHORDS:
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYHORDS: SOLID-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES DEN
ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYHORDS: LIQUID-
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE ON SOIL-EFFECT ON SOIL SALINITY KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WAS
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF L ANDSPRE AO ING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYHORDS'. SOLID-H
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE AERAT
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID MANURE SPREADING AND INJECTION SYSTEM KEYWORDS.' EQUIPMENT-LAND-
PEPFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC 0
RED HIGGLERS-TURN WORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYHOROS: FEEDS RECYCLING HOR
WHICH HASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS' HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIOUID-HA
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
FEEOLOT SELLS MANURE KEYHORDS' HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING
LIQUID COH MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYHORDS DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT D
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS DES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID HASTE FROM DAIRY AND FE-EDLOT KEYHOROS: LI
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GROWN ON SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LI
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLQT HASTES ON LAND KEYHORDS CATT
LOH-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN MINUTES KEYWORDS.' LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
SOILS FOP. MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC HASTES AND WASTE HATERS KEYHOROS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
LIQUID MANURE CAN RELEASE DEADLY GASES KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES GASES TOX1CITY SAFETY
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID OAIPY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-HA
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS Of CARP FRY IN FIRS
GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-WASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MA'IUPE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
KAPLAN S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYHOROS: LIQUID-WASTES WASTEHATER-TRE
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION
STUDIES OH MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES HA
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KE/WORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SWINE-HASTES CHEM
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: WASTE-MANAGE
FLUSHING SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHING-WASTES LIQUID-WASTGS FLUSHING UESIG
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS HITH PLOUGHED-IN STRAW IN THE CR
CONTOUR FURRQH IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICPOTUB1NG FOR FLOH CONTROL KEYHOR
HASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE LI
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES L10UIO-
OESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE TANK ROOF SLABS KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HASTES MANURE-TANKS DESIGN ROD
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS' LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APP
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL HASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES FERTILIZERS LA
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SWINE FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS'. ECONOMIC
FEEULOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYWORDS'. SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-HASTES
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS' FEEDLOFS POULTRY-HASTES SWINE-HASTES LIQUID
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHOROS' FEEOLOTS LIQUID-WASTES LAND-APPLIC
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTI CULLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
LISTERIA-ENCEFALITIS IN COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM A BROILER-FARM KEYWORDS'. «NI MAL-HE ALTH
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS". FEED-ADD ITIVES FUNGICIDES L
MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BROODER HOUSE KEYHORDS: POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
YOU HAY FIND PROFITS IN HASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS: FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-HASTES BREWERY-HAST
OOOUP PROBLEMS AND ODOUR CONTROL IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY FARMS IN THE NETHERLA
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FERT
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS L4NO-APPLI
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYWORD
THE YIELD EFFICIENT NITROGEN PORTION IN TREATED AND UNTREATED MANURE KEYWORDS'- LIVESTOC
HATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYHOKDS: WATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-H
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK HASTf /.EYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
MANAGE FEEDLOT WASTE TO CONTROL OOORS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES FEEOLOTS OOOR-CONTROL
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A "J2-ACRE IOWA FARM — AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS--NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS",
LIVESTOCK WASTE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES DOOR-CONTROL LOCATION ODOR-MEAS
WINTER-APPLIED MANURE—EfFECIS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYWORD
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOONS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS LIVESTOCK-HASTES OES1
HETHANE AND BIOKASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR 3E(£F CATTLE H/JNURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
MANURE CONTAINMENT-SLURRY KITH THE CRUST ON TOP KEYWORDS" LIVESTOCK-WASTES SLURRIES HAS
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING ORGANIC-WASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
EARTHEN WASTE BASIN KEYWORD;: LIVESTOCK-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM DETENTI
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
500 77 5026
200 75 5083
400 78 5084
300 70 5086
200 78 5102
300 78 5131
300 78 5152
200 78 5156
300 78 5188
600 78 5196
400 78 5234
500 77 5267
500 77 5282
500 77 5285
400 78 4833
100 77 4892
400 78 4829
400 78 4B5L
300 76 4873
300 76 4754
300 78 4745
100 78 5039
100 77 5313
500 77 4907
400 78 4981
100 75 4986
100 77 5118
200 78 5156
300 74 5213
300 74 4702
200 76 4729
200 76 4755
200 74 4761
200 71 4762
200 77 4771
200 77 4774
200 77 4776
200 77 4794
500 77 4900
300 4920
300 77 4924
300 77 4926
200 77 4943
300 74 4960
100 77 4991
300 75 5002
100 78 5053
400 77 5058
200 78 5107
400 78 5160
400 78 5163
400 78 5215
300 78 5229
200 77 5310
100 75 4678
200 78 5156
200 76 4726
500 77 5299
200 76 4724
400 78 4851
400 78 4845
200 73 4782
400 78 4816
200 78 5109
100 78 5186
400 78 4845
100 78 5158
200 71 4788
200 76 5068
200 76 5072
400 78 4836
200 76 4733
700 73 4884
100 77 4934
200 76 4740
300 76 4964
100 57 4980
100 77 5243
300 77 5034
100 77 4746
200 76 4743
100 78 4890
300 77 4913
200 76 4918
100 77 5033
400 78 4684
100 72 4802
100 72 4803
400 78 4671
400 78 4675
400 78 4695
200 76 4732
200 77 4767
200 77 4769
200 77 4773
200 77 4779
200 74 4781
200 75 4784
700 76 4795
300 77 4800
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTES
LIVESTOCK-HASTES
LIVESTOCK-WASTE
LOADING
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOGGING
LOUIS IANA-LAH
LYSINE
LYSINE
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANGANESE
MANGANESE
MANURE-BANKS
MANURE-BANKS
MANURE-HEAP
MANURE-PACK
MANURE-PAD
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-PITS
MANURE-P I T
MANURE-REMOVAL
MANURE-TANKS
MAREKS-D1SEASE
MARKETING
MARKET ING
MASKING-AGENTS
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
MEAT-PACKING
HEAT-PACKING-HASTE
MEAT-QUALITY
MEAT-QUALITY
MEAT-QUALITY
MEAT-QUALITY
MECHANICAL-ROTAVAT
HERCAPTANS
MESOPHILIC
HESOPHILIC
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
112 MILLION TONS OF MANURE PRODUCED IN 197V. USOA KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-H
WORLDWIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYK
A MANUAL ON EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-WA
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
ESTIMATING U S LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
METHANE FROM MANURE" FACT OR FANTASY KEYWORDS! METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, WIND BEST FOR HANDLING WASTE KEYWORDS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS'. DEHYDRATION LIVESTOCK-HASTES DESIGN EC
COMPOSTING OF FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FE6DLOTS LIVESTOCK-WASTES HINOROUS CO
RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTE POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING ANI
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES EQUIPMENT-MANURE-HA
RUNOFF CONTROL KEYWORDS'- FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
MANAGE FEEDLOT HASTE TO CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-WASTES FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL
LIVESTOCK HASTE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES ODOR-CONTROL LOCATION ODOR-MEAS
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
COSTS OF SELECTED WASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS! DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS! POULTRY-WASTES-DR
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING!!. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS'. MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYHORDS'. DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYHORDS! FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES SOIL-CONTAMINA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS. ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER'S CHICKEN-
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
BEEF FEEDLOTS IN THE HUMID SOUTHEAST KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE MANAGEMENT DESIGN
NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SHINE FEEDLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYHOROS! FEEDLOTS SWINE MANAGE
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYHOROS.' FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SHINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
AGRICULTURAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES MANAGEMEN
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOOOS SOILS KEYWORDS." CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND HASTE HATERS KEYWORDS'. ORGAN 1C-WASTE S SOILS
FERTILIZER VALUE OF SWINE MANURE KEYHORDS'. SWINE-WASTES FERTILIZERS HASTE-COMPOSITION W
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS! POULTRY
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I-TRENO IDE
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYHORDS'. FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAH PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
SELECTING A SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS! SHINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DE~S1
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN 4 TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE! SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS! NONPOINT
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEH YORK STATE KEYHORDS! NONPOINT-SOURCES LEGAL-ASPECTS H
MORE ON THREE-LEVEL BROILER BREEDER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: POULTRY MANAGEMENT DESIGN PERFORMA
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS! SWINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF THE COST KEYWORDS! CATTLE-HASTES CONFINEMENT MANAGEMENT ECONOM
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAHS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. LEGA
SCHEDULING SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS MANAGEMENT SWINE
NOTE ON SECONDARY ANO MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS'. FERT
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MANURE BANKS IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS:
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYHORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEOLOTS ODOR-CONTRO
EXAMINATION OF SOIL SAMPLES TAKEN UNCER SILAGE MANURE HEAPS AND IN MANURED FIELDS KEYWO
MANAGE FEEDLOT HASTE TO CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES FEEDLOTS ODOR-CONTROL
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR NATURAL PREDATORS KEYWORDS'. FLY-CONTROL PREDATORS MANURE-PAD PO
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A HASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYHORDS: MANURE-PITS WASTE-STORAGE AERAT10
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES MANURE-PITS CLEANI
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE ANO RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS WASTE-ST
MODEL STUOY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: VENTILATION SWINE
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR NATURAL PREDATORS KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL PREDATORS MANURE-PAD PO
DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE TANK ROOF SLABS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES MANURE-TANKS DESIGN RQO
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
MARKETING OF CONVERTED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED MARKETING ECONOMICS
DEALING HITH ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL MASK ING-AGENTS ENZYMATIC-PRODUCTS CHEM1CAL-TR
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT UN DAIRY FARMS IN TWO REGIONS DOMINATE
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS'. MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR MANURES-COMPARISON BETWEEN COUNTRIES OF THE EEC, 2ND APPROXIMAT
DETECTING ANO MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'- AN IMAL-WASTE S ODOR MEASUR
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING ODOR CONCENTRATION IN AIR AND GASES KEYWORDS: ODOR MEASUREMENT
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS: HASTE-ST
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION! FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT WASTES HITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
UTILISATION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE BY GROWING CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTICAL DIET KEYWORD
HASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS: REFEEDING 0 IGESTIBILTIV CATTLE PERFORMANCE WASTE-REC
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEE01NG POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CATTLE PROT
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTR
PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENf-PENS HYDROGEN-S
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTAT ION, I. BASIC EXPERIMENT ON CO
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTATI ON, II. OPT I MUM LOAD AND COMP4
LIQUID MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYWORDS! AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-WASTES HYDROGEN
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-
METHANE DIGESTERS KEYHORDS: METHANE RECYCLING DIGESTERS DESIGN ECONOMICS
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU
COMMERCIAL TJZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC D
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-D1GES
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
SHINE BUILDING AIR CONTSMIMATE CONTROL HITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CASE
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTE S DA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE HASTE USING A FIBER HALL REACTOR KEYWORDS:
METHANE ON THE MOVE — A DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS KEYWORDS'. METHANE ANAERO
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100
700
400
400
300
400
100
400
400
400
300
300
600
400
300
200
500
400
200
300
200
200
300
300
100
300
400
400
400
600
200
300
400
400
300
500
400
400
100
100
100
100
200
100
400
200
200
300
100
100
300
300
500
200
400
400
400
700
700
200
300
100
300
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
100
700
700
300
300
100
300
200
300
100
100
200
200
200
300
600
100
100
500
100
200
700
400
400
100
400
72
75
77
78
76
78
78
78
77
77
76
78
78
78
76
78
76
76
76
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
73
78
76
77
78
78
77
77
78
78
77
77
70
78
78
77
77
74
77
77
77
78
77
78
76
78
78
78
78
73
77
76
73
77
77
77
76
76
76
76
74
77
77
77
77
73
77
74
73
76
77
77
78
78
77
77
78
78
78
77
75
77
77
77
76
74
76
78
78
78
77
4803
4812
4817
4823
4824
4830
4842
4849
4850
4852
4859
4916
4917
4935
4944
4947
4965
4972
5005
5090
5097
5111
5130
5142
5144
5152
5189
5190
5192
5196
5199
5205
5212
5224
5226
5287
5302
5305
5313
5064
4874
4878
5117
5022
5177
4759
4786
4923
4989
5044
5169
5183
5225
5103
4682
4941
5217
4922
5198
4918
4826
4893
4800
4683
4733
4734
4736
4738
4748
4763
4772
4808
4810
4826
4868
4882
4884
4925
4927
4934
4940
4947
5010
5028
5093
5105
5114
5122
5129
5150
5259
5260
5271
5232
'.759
4805
4837
4871
4877
4887
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METHANE
METH1QNINE
METHOPRENE
METHOXYL
MICROBIAL-ADAPTATI
MICROCOCCUS-DENITR
M [CROFLORA
MICRONUTRIENTS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGAN ISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROTUBING
MILK-PRODUCTION
MILK-PRODUCTION
MILK-PRODUCTION
MINERALIZATION
MINERALIZATION
M INERALS
MINING
MIXING
MOBILE-UNITS
MODELS
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MODEL-STUDIES
MOISTURE
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
MOISTURE-CONTENT
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTAT ION'. I I. OPT I MUM LOAD AND COMPA
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERM
MORE DEAR MOTHER A LETTER FROM JIM LAWRENCE KEYWORDS: HEATING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOG
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-W
INNOVATIONS ARE SEEN IN 1980S CATTLE FEEDING KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEED-AODITIVES STIMULANTS
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYWOR
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS CARBON-DIOXIDE MET
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACFtE IOWA FARM — AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT: I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WA
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS'. KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEDING MET
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DIGE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS: BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLI
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS'. ANAEKO
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
ANAEROBIC PROCESSES INCLUDING METHANE FROM FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION FA
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES R
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS". ANAEROBIC DIGESTS
THE FEASIBILITY OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTES: THE FARMER'S PERSPECTI
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS.' ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-HA
FEEOLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYWORDS: RECYCLING THERMONETICS METHANE REFEED
METHANE FROM WASTE KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING REFEEDING ECONOMICS
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING A
METHANE FROM MANURE'. FACT OR FANTASY KEYWORDS'. METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
WARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYWORDS: GASES HYOROGEN-SULFIDE METHANE CARBON-DIOX
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEDING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METH
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENATION KEYWDR
BYCONVERSION NO PANACEA AS DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS: BIOGAS METHANE ECONOMICS REC
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT HINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING Bl
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING!!. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
EFFICACY OF METHOPRENE ALTOS ID^lGR, , AGAINST THE HORN FLY WHEN FED TO CATTLE IN MINER
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROB1AL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
OENITRIFICATION: i. USE OF ISN FOR EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHETICAL EXCRETION OF MOLECULA
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TO SOIL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-WASTE
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR HINIERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES WA
MICROFLORA OF AIR SAMPLES FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HOUSES AIR-POLLUTION MI
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON FREE-LIVING AQUATIC CILIATED PROTOZOA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RU
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT WASTES'. A CHEMICAL AND MICROSIAL PROFILE
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY THERM3PHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT T
CONTOUR FURROH IRRIGATION WITH LIQUID MANURE USING MICROTUBING FOR FLOW CONTROL KEYHOR
POULTRY WASTES PROVIDE NITROGEN SOURCE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES DAIRY-CATTLE
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS- REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTL
OPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CATTLE PERFORMA
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL HASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPL
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROWTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTLE PROT
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
METHANE ON THE MOVE—A DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAERO
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
TWO LEVELS OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES WASTE
HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATI ON OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES BY LAND SPRE
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
NITRATE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES OXIDATION-0
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYHORDS*. SHI
A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE WAST
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DAIRY FARMS IN TWO REGIONS DOMINATE
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS'. AGR ICULTUKAL-RUNOFF M
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT (ARM) MODEL - VERSION II REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS'.
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTE
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNOEP.SLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FLUSHING DESIGN SLO
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCHASTIC POLLUTION MODEL KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FEEOLOT-RUNOFF
MODEL TO EVALUATE FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FEEDLOT-RUNDFF
MODELING NITROGEN MOVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES WATERSHED
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-SOUR
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES LE
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
DISPERSION OF DOORS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG HOUSES KEYHORDS: ODOR SWINE CONFINEMENT
THE DUTCH RESEARCH PROGRAM ON ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL MODEL-STUDIES
MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: POLLUTION FEEDLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS MODEL-S
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS TO SAND TO INCREASE THE MOISTURE LEVEL FOR THE GROWTH OF BAJRA PE
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-HASTE
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY WASTE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES WASTE-REMOVAL H
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
95
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300 77 4923 MOISTURE-CONTENT POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYHOR
400 78 4981 MOISTURE-CONTENT TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM HAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYWORDS: DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADOITIVES HAGNES
100 77 5033 MOISTURE-CONTENT MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTR
LOO 78 5038 MOISTURE-CONTENT COMPARISON OF PROBE HAY MOISTURE DETECTOR AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING POUL
100 75 5120 MOISTURE-CONTENT EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOJL
200 70 5191 MOISTURE-CONTENT AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES FLY-CONTROL ODOR-CONTROL
300 78 5202 MOISTURE-CONTENT FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
100 76 530* MOISTURE-CONTENT EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON HATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
200 77 5311 MOISTURE-CONTENT SUMMER UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POU
200 77 ".811 MOISTURE-DEFICIT SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
300 76 4873 MOISTURE-REDUCTION LIVESTOCK WASTE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES ODOR-CONTROL LOCATION OOOR-MEAS
100 78 4880 MOLASSES LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF. ]I. PRESERVATI ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WET EXC
400 78 4680 MOLDS FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
100 77 5032 MOLDS LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYWORDS:
100 78 5044 MOLDS MICROFLORA OF AIR SAMPLES FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HOUSES AIR-POLLUTION MI
100 75 4678 MOLYBDENUM NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: PERT
400 78 5059 MOUNDS WELL BUILT HOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
100 77 4753 MULCHES A REVIEW OF MULCHES TO CONTROL WIND EROSION KEYWORDS'. WIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
500 77 4901 MUNICIPAL-REFUSE PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
500 77 4903 MUNICIPAL-WASTES RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN WASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
500 77 4904 MUNICIPAL-WASTES SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
500 77 4905 MUNICIPAL-WASTES LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES
500 77 4906 MUNICIPAL-WASTES PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES KEYWOR
500 77 4907 MUNICIPAL-WASTES FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
500 77 5026 MUNICIPAL-WASTES BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS'- RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
500 77 4902 MUNICI PAL-WASTE WAT PROPERTIES OF WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: WASTEWATER-MANAGEMENT WASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
300 76 4754 MUNICIPAL-WATERSHE MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
100 77 5306 MYCOFLORA HYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BROODER HOUSE KEYWORDS: POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
300 77 5149 NEBRASKA-LAW COMMON SCENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
400 78 5134 NECROSIS BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
400 78 4939 NEHATODES BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION PA
100 78 5170 MEMATODES AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEHATODE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUHM
100 78 4879 NEUTRAL-DETERGENT- LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF'. I. INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIETS W
100 78 4954 NEUTRAL-DETERGENT- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEOLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS WASTE-COMPOSITI
200 77 4770 NITRATES DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
200 77 4794 NITRATES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
700 76 4804 NITRATES DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS:
200 77 4810 NITRATES NITRATE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES OXIDATION-D
100 77 4862 NITRATES LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDEi NITRATE NITROGEN
700 76 4921 NITRATES EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
100 77 4950 NITRATES MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
100 4997 NITRATES MOVEMENT OF NITRATES AND OIHER DISSOLVED SALTS FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE KINNERET KEYWO
100 77 5008 NITRATES RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OXIDATION-DIT
100 78 5057 NITRATES EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUALIT
100 75 5094 NITRATES NATURAL SOIL NITRATE: THE CAUSE OF THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER IN RUNNEL
200 78 5106 NITRATES WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATI ON AGRIC
100 75 5120 NITRATES EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
100 78 5173 NITRATES CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF CATT
400 78 5134 NITRATE BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
100 78 5171 NITRATE EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AMD SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
200 76 4733 NITRIFICATION MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
700 73 4922 NITRIFICATION SOIL »S AN ANIMAL WASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPL
100 78 4955 NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION AND DEN I TRIFI CA TI ON IN CATTLE MANURE-AMENDED SOIL KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICA
100 75 4670 NITROGEN FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
100 72 4673 NITROGEN THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2.EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
400 78 4681 NITROGEN POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATI
200 71 4687 NITROGEN STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
200 76 4710 NITROGEN EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
200 76 4715 NITROGEN ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLI CAT ION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
200 76 4719 NI1ROGEN SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
200 74 4761 NITROGEN NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SWINE FEEOLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS SWINE MANAGE
200 77 4767 NITROGEN COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES
200 77 4769 NITROGEN PERFORMANCE OF A LARGt SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC 0
200 77 4773 NITROGEN SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-OIGES
200 77 4808 NITROGEN PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
200 77 4809 NITROGEN WASTEWATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SWINE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING WASTE
100 73 4819 NITROGEN EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE UN THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWO
100 76 4827 NITROGEN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF BASS DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX DURING GROWTH. I
400 78 4837 NITROGEN FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
400 78 4840 NITROGEN FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
100 77 4860 NITROGEN EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
100 77 4864 NITROGEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS—NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS
300 77 4865 NITROGEN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-
100 78 4879 NITROGEN LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF:I.INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, W
400 77 4887 NITROGEN COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
100 76 4891 NITROGEN AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
700 T, 4898 NITROGEN CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF 'CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS: CATT
500 77 4901 NITROGEN PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
300 76 4925 NITROGEN MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
100 77 4934 NITROGEN A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
300 77 4937 NITROGEN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNDWATER-POL
400 78 4941 NITROGEN DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED CAfTL
700 76 4942 NITROGEN THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
100 77 4945 NITROGEN EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
200 7B 4947 NITROGEN METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
100 78 4954 NITROGEN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEOLOTS WASTE-COMPOSITI
300 76 4964 NITROGEN DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES ODOR HEASUR
400 78 4983 NITROGEN TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
400 77 4985 NITROGEN INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
100 75 4986 NITROGEN VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTIOW OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
200 77 5019 NITROGEN HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGE
100 77 5020 NITROGEN STUDIES WITH HORSES COMPARING 4N-HC1 INSOLUBLE ASH AS AN INDEX MATERIAL WITH TOTAL FECA
300 78 5023 NITROGEN ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES LAN
100 76 5036 NITROGEN ASKOV 1984—FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES FER
100 76 5052 NITROGEN QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
400 78 5084 NITROGEN 112 MILLION TONS OF MANURE PRODUCED IN 1974: USOA KEYWORDS! LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-W
200 78 5100 NITROGEN RECYCLING SWINE WASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS: REFEEOING SHINE-WASTES SH
200 78 5102 NITROGEN ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
200 78 5113 NITROGEN METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
100 77 5118 NITROGEN THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200
400
200
100
100
100
100
300
400
100
700
400
300
300
400
300
200
300
100
100
400
100
500
500
100
100
100
500
100
100
100
100
400
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
200
100
100
300
300
300
200
200
300
400
200
200
200
100
300
300
200
600
100
600
400
300
300
100
300
300
300
300
400
300
300
400
500
500
300
300
400
300
300
300
100
200
100
400
400
300
300
200
200
200
200
200
200
700
200
300
300
300
300
300
78
78
78
76
78
78
78
78
77
78
77
78
78
78
78
74
78
78
77
77
78
78
77
77
77
78
77
77
76
76
78
78
78
78
76
76
77
76
77
78
78
76
76
77
77
74
77
77
78
77
78
78
78
78
73
77
75
75
76
75
78
74
76
76
78
73
72
74
78
77
74
77
77
77
77
77
74
73
78
78
77
78
77
78
78
75
74
76
76
77
73
73
76
76
77
7(>
73
72
74
76
5122
5126
5128
5140
5144
5148
5171
5175
5177
5178
5182
5185
5188
5194
5207
5213
5227
5231
5243
5246
5263
5264
5286
5289
5303
4876
4856
5123
5029
5140
5095
4880
4975
5105
4738
4744
4772
5119
4815
4877
5117
5029
5140
4927
4683
4700
4772
4786
4951
5058
5107
5114
5155
5178
4826
4937
5083
5150
5013
5150
4685
4702
4825
5013
5229
4820
4821
4822
5162
5149
4700
4790
4901
4903
4915
4927
4990
5024
5037
5231
4864
5122
4881
4685
4693
4701
4702
4731
4736
4775
4782
4783
4792
4805
4806
4814
4820
4821
4822
4825
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
NITROGEN-BALANCE
NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN-CONTROL
NI TROGEN-F IXATI ON
NITROGEN-FIXATION
NITROGEN-ISOTOPES
NITROGEN-LOSSES
NITROGEN-LOSS
NITROGEN-MOVEMENT
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-TRANSFORM
NITROGEN-UTIL 1ZAT1
NITROGEN-UTILIZATI
NITROUS-OXIDE
NODULATION
NQDULATION
NONPO INT-POLLUTION
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPO INT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NONPOINT-SOURCES
NON-POINT-SOURCES
NON-POINT-SOURCES
NON-PQ INT-SOURCES
NON-POINT-SOURCES
NPOES
NPDES
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
NUISANCE-LAW
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTR IENTS
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENT-LOSSES
NUTRIENT-LOSSES
NUTRIENT-MOVEMENT
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
OOOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS'. MODEL-STUDIES LE
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING W
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LANO-APPLI CAT I 0
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON NODULATION AND NITROG
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGEST
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SEUAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS'- ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
NONPOINT SOURCES- STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS; NONPOINT-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES SHINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
ESTIMATING U.S. LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LANO-APP
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES SOIL-CONTAMINA
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
WATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS'. LA
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALOOOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-ST
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SWINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYWORDS'. WASTE-STORAGE SHINE-WASTES A
DPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR GROWING LAMBS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED POULTRY-LITTER NIT
WET POULTRY WASTE MAKES BETTER FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING SHEEP NITROGEN D
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APPLIC
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES FERTILIZERS LA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY WASTE: 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CON
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA (LE) IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS.' FEEDLO T-RUNOFF W
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES AN I HAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN KEYWORD
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON NODULATION AND NITROG
FRACTIONATION OF NITROGEN ISOTOPES BY ANIMALS: A FURTHER COMPLICATION TO THE USE OF VA
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF: I I. PRESERVAT I ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WET EXC
MANURE CONTAINMENT-SLURRY WITH THE CRUST ON TOP KEYWORDS. LIVESTOCK-WASTES SLURRIES HAS
MODELING NITROGEN MOVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUDIES WATERSHED
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES BY LAND SPRE
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW ALONE OR WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING OR I E
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
DENITRIFICATION: i. USE OF 15N FOR EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHETICAL EXCRETION OF MOLECULA
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN KEYHORD
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES L)F NITROGEN AND ADDED ORGANIC MATTER ON NODULATION AND NITROG
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT ARM MODEL - VERSION II REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL KUNOFF KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NOJPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS'- ENVIRONMENTA
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE: SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS NONPOINT
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEW YORK STATE KEYWORDS'. NONPOINT-SOURCES L EGAL-ASPECTS M
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS: NONPOI NT-SOUR
MISSOURI S SHOW-ME APPROACH TO 208 INVOLVEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS WATER-POLLUTION
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS NONPOINT-SJURCES WATER-POLLUTION
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AJvD EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNDWATER-POL
NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT-A SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
THE POLITICS OF ODOR KEYWORDS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS. ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER'S CHICKEN-
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAWSUITS KEYWORDS: ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT-A SUMMARY OF FEEOLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LE5A
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R. OETERS-FABI AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J UETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
ODOR COMPLAINTS MUST BE VALID KEYWORDS: OOOR NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
COMMON SCENTS- AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EKOSI
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING P
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I ON ANIMAL-WASTE
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN WASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DA1RY-WA
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT ARM MODEL - VERSION II REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS:
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZERS NU
METHODS OF FECAL COLLECTION AND NUTRIENT LEACHING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES KEYWORDS: FI
WATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS: LA
FEEOLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS — NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS'.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES LE
WINTER-APPLIED MANURE—EFFECTS ON ANNUAL RUNOFF, EROSION, AND NUTRIENT MOVEMENT KEYWORD
THE POLITICS OF OOOR KEYWORDS: OOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS NUISANCE-LAWSUITS
LAGOONS-WHAT SIZE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERO KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: SWINE FEEDLOTS AI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS. ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER S CHICKEN-
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPL1 CAT[ON OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS'
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF RIGID PLASTIC DUCTS FOR UNIFORM AIR REMOVAL FROM LIQUID MANURE PIT
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS MANURE-PITS WASTE-STORAGE AERATIO
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES WAST
HOW AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS AFFECT AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUT1 ON LE
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS SEP Art AT 1 ON-TECHNIQUES
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS: DA
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS' LEGAL-ASPECTS OOOR FEEDLOTS ZONING SITE-SELE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R DETERS-FABI AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER XIPLINt, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAWSUITS KEYHORDS: OOOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
97
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 77 4853
100 76 4891
100 77 4893
500 77 4901
500 77 4907
300 77 4915
400 77 4936
300 76 4964
200 77 4966
400 78 4974
300 78 4976
400 78 4977
100 57 4980
300 77 4982
400 74 4990
100 76 5013
100 77 5033
200 78 5110
400 78 5162
400 78 5164
100 73 5167
100 78 5186
400 78 5223
500 76 5225
400 78 5228
100 77 5240
100 77 5242
100 77 5243
100 77 5244
100 77 5245
100 77 5256
100 77 5259
500 77 5265
500 77 5274
400 78 4677
400 78 4684
400 78 4686
200 77 4765
100 77 4766
300 74 4822
400 78 4828
400 78 4836
400 78 4851
300 76 4873
400 77 4875
400 77 4887
300 77 4924
200 77 4959
400 77 4985
200 76 5000
300 75 5002
300 78 5025
100 78 5046
100 77 5062
400 78 5067
300 78 5131
300 77 5149
200 70 5191
300 78 5194
500 77 5197
400 78 5206
400 78 5211
100 77 5241
100 77 5246
100 77 5247
100 77 5248
100 77 5249
100 77 5250
100 77 5251
100 77 5252
100 77 5254
100 77 5255
100 77 5258
100 77 5260
500 77 5276
500 77 5286
500 77 5299
100 77 5303
100 78 5307
400 77 4875
300 76 4873
400 77 4875
100 77 4987
100 78 5015
300 78 5025
100 77 5239
100 78 5307
400 78 4669
100 76 5013
100 76 4995
200 76 5005
100 78 5173
400 78 4998
100 77 4862
200 76 4744
400 77 4789
100 70 4874
100 78 4876
500 77 4900
100 76 4928
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
DOOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
DOOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
UDOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
ODOR
UDOR
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODUR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
DOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
UOOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODUR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODUR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR-CONTROL
ODOR- INTENS1 TY
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
ODOR-MEASUREMENT
OIL
OKLAHOMA-LAH
ONTHOPHAGUS-GAZELL
OPERATION
ORGANIC-CARBON
ORGANIC-FARM ING
ORGANIC-MATTER
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGAN IC-HASTES
ORGANIC-WASTES
ORGANIC-WASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPON SHINE MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES ODOR A
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-WASTE
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-UA
GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES ODOR MEASUR
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SWINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS:
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS:
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: SWINE
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING ODOR CONCENTRATION IN AIR AND GASES KEYWORDS: ODOR MEASUREMENT
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT-A SUMMARY DF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTR
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE LI
OUOR COMPLAINTS MUST BE VALID KEYWORDS: ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUIT
OPEN LAGOONS MAY DISAPPEAR KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS LAGOONS DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANINAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
MODEL STUDY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: VENTILATION SWINE
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTED-FLO
THE UPGRADING DF AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS'. WASTE-TREATMENT T
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM WASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTE
SAMPLING, CHARACTERISATION AND ANALYSIS OF MALODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR SWINE-WASTES POULTR
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODORANTS WI
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-ST
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AIR IN PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS'. ODOR SHINE-WASTES SPECTROPHOTOMETR
ODOURS ARISING FROM THE LAND-SPREADING OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORDS'. LAND-APPLICATION SWINE-W
FRENCH REGULATIONS CONCERNING ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS
DISPERSION OF ODORS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS: ODOR SWINE CONFINEMENT
ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STDRAG
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS' EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
SHINE ODOR NOT LOWERED MUCH BY CONTROL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES 00
PUTTING THE LID ON OUOR KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HYOROGEN-S
REDUCING SUMMERTIME ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF HECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING WASTE-TREATMENT SW
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS: ZEOLITE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
WHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WA
DEALING WITH ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL MASK 1NG-AGENTS ENZYMATIC-PRODUCTS CHEMICAL-TR
MANAGE FEEDLOT HASTE 10 CONTROL ODORS KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES FEEDLDTS ODOR-CONTROL
LIVESTOCK HASTE ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES ODOR-CONTROL LOCATION ODOR-MEAS
FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-INTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CONTROL HASTE-MANAGEMENT C
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL -.
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. SYS
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REJUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
SELECTING 4 SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION ODORS — THE STATE-OF-THE-ART KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION ODOR-C
ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF POULTRY EXCRETA FROM HENS CONSUMING FEED TREATED WITH AN ODO
FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED'. PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
A MANUAL ON! EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
COMMON SCENTS'. AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF FEED LOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL
AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. DEHYDRATION POULTRY-WASTES FLY-CONTROL ODOR-CONTROL
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY: A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
COLOR THESE LAGOONS PURPLE KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES PURPLE-SULFUR-BACTERIA
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING HASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
CHARACTERIZATION OF ODORS AND OTHER VOLATILE EMISSIONS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL VOLATILE-
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SHINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYWORDS: WASTE-STORAGE SWINE-WASTES A
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEODORIZ AT I ON KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-HASTES SLURR
VEAL-CALF MANURE DEODOR I Z AT I ON BY SURFACE AERATION KEYWORDS'- ODOR-CONTROL CATTLE-WASTES
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO OUOUR CONTROL KEYHORDS: ODOR-CUNTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
ODOUR CONTROL WITH BIOLOGICAL AIR WASHERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL AIR-SCRUBBING DESIGN
ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL SHELTERS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CONF1NEMEN
OEODORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SHINE-WASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
U K PROBLEMS AND LEGISLATION RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL LEGAL-AS
ODOUR PROBLEMS AND ODOUR CONTROL IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY FARMS IN THE NETHERLA
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U.K. INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTR
THE DUTCH RESEARCH PROGRAM ON ODOR CONTROL KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL MODEL-STUDIES
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOX1C ITY HY
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LANO-APPLIC
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS L EGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS OOOR-CONTRO
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY HASTE' 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CON
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTI CALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
FEEULOT ODORS KEYHORDS. ODOR-INTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
LIVESTOCK WASTE ODOR CONTROL KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES ODOR-CONTROL LOCATION ODOR-MEAS
FEEOLOT ODORS KEYWORDS' ODOR-INTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CUNTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
OUANTITATION OF INDOLE AND SKATOLE IN A HOOSEO SHINE UNIT KEYWORDS SHINE-WASTES CONFIN
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MALOOORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION OUORS—THE STATE-OF-THE-ART KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION OUOR-C
MEASUREMENT OF ODOUR INTENSITY IN FARMING SITUATIONS KEYWORDS' ODOR-MEASUREMENT CHEMICA
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR OD03 ABATEM.-NT MEASURED ORGANOL EPT I CALL Y IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES- A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS" AGRICULTURAL-WASTES FOREST
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT-A SUMMARY OF FEEOLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CERTAIN ANTHELMI NTICS IN BUVINE MANURE ON ONTHOPHAGUS GAZELLA, A
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS: ANAERO
CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECTED BY LAND APPLICATION OF BEEF CATT
NOBODY LAUGHED ABOUT ORGANIC FARMING AFTER SEEING THE HAUGHLEY EXPERIMENT KEYWORDS'. 0
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-HASTES SOIL-CHEMI
RED HIGGLERS-TURN WORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYHORDS FEEDS RECYCLING HDR
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA LE IN LAMB DIETS KEYHORD
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYHORDS'. ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
98
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300
400
400
100
400
200
300
100
100
100
200
400
300
700
700
300
200
200
700
300
400
400
100
400
500
500
100
500
200
200
100
200
500
500
100
400
200
100
200
100
300
100
400
300
300
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
300
300
100
400
100
300
100
100
100
200
400
300
300
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
500
500
200
100
100
400
300
200
100
400
100
400
200
200
400
400
400
400
100
400
400
300
100
100
700
700
100
78
77
77
76
78
76
77
75
74
78
77
76
77
75
74
78
73
77
74
77
74
72
77
78
77
77
65
77
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
72
77
76
76
76
78
77
78
77
78
72
70
73
77
72
69
76
77
77
77
76
78
78
78
78
77
76
77
78
78
77
72
69
76
76
76
76
72
77
77
77
78
77
78
77
76
70
78
70
78
76
77
77
78
78
78
72
77
77
77
78
78
74
77
78
4952
4984
5004
5029
5187
5199
5226
5235
5262
5015
4961
4999
4751
4812
4908
4952
4783
4810
4885
4924
4990
4992
5008
5223
5236
5288
5133
5294
5005
4706
4926
4733
5123
5275
5252
4992
4959
5307
4728
4995
5176
5180
5134
5035
518B
673
676
689
691
696
697
728
786
926
937
5021
5134
5170
5176
5178
5179
5210
4794
4939
4951
4683
4696
4697
4729
4730
4731
4743
4818
4906
4907
4959
5054
5179
5187
5034
4717
4874
4674
4676
4680
4714
4778
4790
4834
4839
4841
4844
4847
4861
4866
4876
4878
4885
4888
4889
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANIC-HASTES
ORGANOLEPTIC-PROPE
OVERLAND-FLOH
OVERLANO-FLOH
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIDATION-DITCH
OXIOATION-CITCH
OXIOATION-PDNOS
OXIDATION-PONDS
OXIOATION-REDUCTIO
OXIDAT ION-T4NKS
OXYGEN-CONTENT
OXYGEN-PARTIAL-PRE
OXYGEN-TRANSFER
OZONATION
OZONE
PAB
PALATAB IL ITY
PARAFORMALDEHYDE
PARASITES
PARASITES
PARASITES
PARASITES
PARASITISM
PARTICIPATES
PASTURELAMD
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURES
PASTURE
PASTURE
PASTURE
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTER I
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTER I
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGENIC-BACTERI
PATHOGtNIC-BACTERI
PAUNCH-MANURE
PAUNCH- HA NURE-OISP
PEDOLOGY
PENTOSANS
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHORDS'. FEE
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR COMPOSTING MANURE KEYHORDS: EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING COMPOSTING 0
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYHORDS'. RECYCLING ORGANIC-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTES ETHYL-4LCOHO
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY SOYBEAN KEYWORD
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYHORDS: ORGAN 1C-HASTES LAND-
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS'. FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYHOROS: RECYCLING METH
RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SOME ORGANIC MANURES AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER
PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC MANURES-I, FRACTIONATION OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS KEYHORD
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MALOOORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS; VEGETATIVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEDL
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-TREATMENT
DISPOSAL OF FEEOLOT HASTES USING A THO-STAGE PROCESS HITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYHORO
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORD
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHORDS: OX I
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHORDS", FEE
SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES HAST
NITRATE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION DITCH KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES OXIDATION-0
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS; REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SHINE
POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYHORDS: POULTRY
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING OXIDATION-DIT
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS' SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTEO-FLO
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APkLIC
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EOUIPM
SWINE FEEDLOT WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTEHATE
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS: ANAERO
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYHORO
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
DEOOORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SWINE-HASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: SYS
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPT1C ALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CERTAIN ANTHELMfNT[CS IN BOVINE MANURE ON ONTHOPHAGUS GAZELLA, A
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
PARASITES OF HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS AND OTHER FLIES BREEDING IN BOVINE FECES IN NORTHEAST
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS. LAND-APPL1CAT I ON POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: CATTLE DUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
ESTIMATING U. S. LIVESTCCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2.EFFECT OF A DUNG PAICH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
FOULING OF PASTURES BY DUNG KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES PASTURES WASTE-COMPOSITION DEGRADAT
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
INJECTION OF DAIRY WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-INJECTION PASTURE
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES PATHOS
DAIRY »ASTE DISPOSAL KEY.ORDS: . ASTE-D I S POS AL L AND-APPL 1C AT ION ECONOMICS SPRA Y-I RR I GATI
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I. TREND IDE
ANIMAL WSSTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNDHATER-POL
TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY 3Y COWS OR BY CAL
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMM
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-1RT OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: NONPOINT-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS; SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HABITS OF THE iNSECT FAUNA INHABITING CATTLE DROPPINGS IN NORTH C
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE CN FLATwOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYWORDS'- POULTRY-w A STE S LAND-APPL 1C AT ION PA
ENVIRONMENTAL [MPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
DISEASE HAZARD OF PiTHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES PATHOG
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS. WASTE-DISPOSAL L AND-APPL I C AT I ON ECONOMICS SPRAY-I R.R I GAT I
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SNIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING D\ LAND KEYHORO
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES KITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
THE F1TE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS'- PA
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FO,^ LAND APPLICATION OF HUMiN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAL WASTES KEYWOR
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTILIZATION ,*EYnORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 4ND WASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: SYS
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES—A REVIEW KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LA
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES 1ND COSTS KEYWORDS: SchAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPL1CATI ON
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS' ORGAN IC-nASTES LAND-
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PICKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREAD INGS IN
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CORKAL-INOUSTRIES CATTLE-
FOULING OF PASTURES BY OUNG KEYWORDS: CATTLE-hASTES PASTURES HASTE-COMPOSITION DEGRADAT
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMiL MANURES ON THE GRAZING 3EHAVICR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND 6AH1A GRASS KEYWORDS: SLURR
THE VALUE OF DRI ED-POULTRY WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING P
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYWORDS' POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDI
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE JF POULTRY «ASTE FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEEOIN
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS Swl'-E HEALTH KEI.C'KDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE
UTILIZATION OF CO--MANURE, HSTCHERY-w1STE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN WASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS: FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-WASTES BREWERY-WAST
THE BEST OF FOUR BARNS KEYWORDS'. CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN CATTLE PERFORMANCE LAND-iPPLIC
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA iFFECTS SwINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA aE' IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS REFEEOING SWINE-WASTES SWINE
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL WASTE FRO
REPLACEMENT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE bY DRIED POULTRY MANURE IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS ,KEYH
99
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 78 4890
100 77 4895
100 78 4911
100 78 4912
300 77 4913
200 76 4918
200 73 4919
300 77 4923
100 75 4932
400 77 4933
400 78 4941
200 78 4947
100 75 4948
100 75 4963
100 76 4968
100 77 4991
400 72 4992
400 78 5001
200 76 5005
100 77 5007
100 77 5008
100 76 5030
100 78 5039
100 78 5040
LOO 78 5042
100 78 5045
300 77 5048
100 77 5062
400 78 5066
200 76 5069
200 76 5074
100 77 5096
200 78 5100
100 77 5121
400 78 5143
400 78 5147
400 78 5160
400 78 5168
300 78 5172
400 78 5185
300 78 5202
300 78 5203
400 78 5217
100 78 5233
100 77 5252
100 77 5261
400 78 5263
100 77 5313
400 78 4688
300 75 4701
300 74 4960
300 74 4700
300 76 4925
300 77 4927
400 77 5058
100 78 5178
100 78 4956
400 77 4B38
300 77 4982
300 74 5006
400 77 4798
100 75 4670
100 72 4673
400 78 4681
200 71 4687
300 74 4700
200 76 4716
200 76 4719
100 73 4819
400 78 4837
400 78 4840
100 77 4856
100 77 4860
100 77 4864
300 77 4865
100 77 4868
100 76 4891
700 74 4898
700 76 4921
300 76 4925
300 77 4937
700 76 4942
100 77 4945
100 77 4950
400 78 4967
400 78 4983
100 75 4986
300 78 5023
100 76 5036
100 78 5057
100 7B 5060
200 76 5074
100 75 5081
400 78 5084
100 77 5096
200 78 5102
200 76 5106
200 78 5113
100 77 5118
200 78 5122
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PERMITS
PERMI TS
PERM I TS
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PEST-CONTROL
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
UTILISATION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE 8V GROWING CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTICAL DIET KEYWORD
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS Of ALGAE CHLORELLA GROWN ON SWIME MANURE KEYWORDS: LI
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYWORDS'. RUM
INFLUENCE OF B-GLUCANASE ON FEEDING VALUE OF BARLEY FOR POULTRY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF
WASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS- REFEEDING 01GEST181LTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE HASTE-REC
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED CATTLE PROT
SOME ENERGY AND PROTEIN SOURCES OF THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: FEEDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
UTILISATION OF RATIONS CONTAINING POULTRY MANURE AS A PROTEIN KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEOING
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-WASTES ENSILING CHEMICAL-TRE4TM
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CATTL
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN HAH
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED REFEEDI
LAYERS IMPROVE WITH DPW KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED PERFORMANCE EG
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS'. OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES FEEDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LAND-A
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS'. ANAERO
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. P
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING OX I DAT I ON-DIT
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FEO VARIOUS POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-W
NUTRITIONAL OUALITY Of PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DR
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAU AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION AMMON
MANURE REFEEDING TO BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS! CATTLE-WASTES REFEEDING CATTLE PERFORMANCE
FERMENTATION OF SWINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED'. PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
BROILER LITTER REMOVED, COMPOSTED, AND USED AGAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER COMPOSTING P
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES ENSILING REFEED
POULTRY MANURE FEO TO LAMdS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING PUULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED SHEEP CRUOE-PROTEI
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WA
RECYCLING SWINE WASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS: REFEEOING SWINE-WASTES SW
POULTRY WASTES IN THE DIET OF ISRAELI CARP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES FISH PERF
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE MAKES SENSE: CANADIANS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING CATTLE-WA STES PERFDRMA
CATTLE MILKED WELL AND GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAINING MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-
MURE ON THREE-LEVEL BROILER BREEDER SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. POULTRY MANAGEMENT DESIGN PERFORMA
RECYCLED SWINE WASTE FEO IN GROWING-FINISHING DIE! KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES REFEEDING SWI
SWINE WASTES AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE IN GROWING-FINISHING SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WA
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES SWINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS: SILAGES ENSILING
DPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COWS KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POUL TR Y-WA S TE S-DR I ED CATTLE PERFORMA
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COW
DEODORIZATION BY MEANS OF OZONE KEYWORDS' ODOR-CONTROL OZONE SWINE-WASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY WITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
DPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR GROWING LAMBS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED POULTRY-LITTER NIT
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING.*!. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR BUILDING LAGOONS KEYWORDS'. LAGOONS DESIGN LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMIT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: SWINE FEEDLOTS AI
FEEDLUT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAW PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS'- AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT (ARM) MODEL - VERSION I I. REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS:
CONTROL OF NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE: SOME CONCEPTS KEYWORDS'. NONPOINT
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS'. NONPOI NT-SOURCE S WATER-POLLUTION
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYHO
FEEDLOT MANURE, SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZING STUDIED KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZE
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
IS ALL THIS PHOSPHATE ON GRASSLAND REALLY NECESSARY KEYWORDS: FERTILIZERS PHOSPHATES GR
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY-- PRELIMINARY REPOR
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH; 2. EFFECT OF A DUNG PAICH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPL I CAT I
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHI CAT I ON OF SURFACE WATERS IN RELATION TO PHOSPHORUS MANURI
SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWO
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
RUNOFF FROM FEEOLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF W
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
FEEOLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS—NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYWORDS:
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ANO FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED f*KOM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYWORDS'. SWI
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT ANO SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES ON LAND KEYWORDS: CATT
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES ANO CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS' CATTLE-WASTES
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNDWATER-POL
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE ANO LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER INTAKE ANO RUNOFF OUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
FEEDLOT MANURE CAN BOOST IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS KEYWORDS'. FEEOLOT-WASTE S LAND-APPLICA
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS'. TURKEYS POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG ANO PO
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF 8EEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES LAN
ASKOV 1984—FERTILIZERS ANO MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS'. AN I HAL-WASTES FER
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS'. FISH-FARMING EFF LUENT-OUALIT
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY'. EFFECT OF DRYING K
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIEU SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
112 MILLION TONS OF MANURE PRODUCED IN 197V, USDA KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-H
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING POULTRY-WA
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS' LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOI" RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS: MODEL-STUD IES LE
100
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
100
100
300
-.00
100
700
300
300
400
300
200
200
300
100
500
100
200
TOO
200
100
700
400
100
400
100
500
200
200
200
300
100
700
300
300
300
400
500
400
100
400
200
200
500
300
400
200
200
600
500
300
300
300
100
200
200
700
500
200
500
500
500
400
300
100
200
100
100
500
200
100
400
200
200
200
100
400
400
100
100
300
100
500
700
400
100
100
100
400
100
200
100
200
100
400
100
300
300
400
78
78
78
78
77
78
77
78
78
78
74
79
78
78
74
77
75
76
74
7o
76
76
78
77
77
77
77
76
77
77
76
77
76
78
78
78
78
77
73
77
78
78
78
77
77
78
77
76
75
77
73
73
76
75
76
71
75
77
78
77
77
77
78
77
77
76
69
76
77
76
72
78
71
76
76
73
78
73
77
77
77
76
77
76
78
75
76
75
78
73
78
77
78
78
77
78
T8
78
70
5126
5148
5171
5175
5177
5178
5182
5188
5194
5207
5213
5214
5227
5231
5262
5286
5235
4721
4704
4742
4928
4668
4823
5016
5050
5249
5274
4733
4769
4867
4870
4893
4942
5201
5202
5204
5220
5275
5009
4914
4796
5128
5108
4905
4969
463S
47i8
4725
5150
5272
4826
4826
4925
5094
4735
4747
4812
4900
5115
5266
5271
5300
5003
5098
5007
4732
4697
4928
5123
4785
4673
4681
4687
4711
4719
4B19
4837
4840
4860
4864
4865
4891
4907
4921
49B3
4986
5036
5081
5084
5085
5102
5118
5156
5171
5177
5178
5188
51 94
5207
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS
PHOSPHORUS-AVAILAB
PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUN
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIE
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIE
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIE
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PHYSICAL-TREATMENT
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PH
PICKET-DAM
PIPP.-FLOK
PITS
PLANNING
PL ANT
PLANT-HASTES
PLASTIC
PLAST IC-LINERS
PL OH ING
POINT-SOURCES
POINT-SOURCES
POINT-SOURCES
POLLUTANTS
POLLUTANT-IDENTIFI
POLLUTANT-PATHWAYS
POLLUTANT-SOURCES
PGLLUT ION
POLLUTION
POLLUT ION
?3LLUT ION
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLLUTION-CONTROL
POLYCHLORINATED-BI
POLYMERS
PONDING
PONDS
PONDS
POROUS-CEILIMG-COi'J
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS IUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS IUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASS !UM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS'. CHEMICAL ANO MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-AP?
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS: NONPOI NT-SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
ESTIMATING U. S LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APP
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES SO IL-CONTAMINA
TRANSPORT OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF WATER FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
HATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS: LA
PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC MANURES:!. FRACTIONATION OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS KEYWORD
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLICABLE TO ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS' BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT LAND-APPLIC
RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SOME ORGANIC MANURES AND PHOSPHAT1C FERTILIZER
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY ANO THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WAST
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR WAYNESBORD, VIRGINIA KEYH
HARMONISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS:
ORGANIC ANO INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEDLOT HASTE KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
MORE DEAR MOTHER A LETTER FROM JIM LAWRENCE KEYWORDS: HEATING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOG
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEOLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
IT'S NO BULL'COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COH MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
TECHNIUUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS- DAIRY-HASTES ANAE
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-L
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS 8
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF ENSILED SWINE WASTE AND GROUND COR
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYHORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEOING L
EARTHEN WASTE BASIN KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM DETENT!
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY ANO THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
LET SHINE HASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE PITS LAG
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPL1C AT 10
DUST REDUCTION IN THE BIRD RECEIVING AREA OF A POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT KEYWORDS: AIR-P
LAND UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS. ANIHAL-WASTES
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEEP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYWORDS' WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION TI
HATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-W
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
EFFLUENT REGULATIONS FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOTS IN THE USA KEYWORDS' WATER-POLLUTION POINT-SOU
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE ANO EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES DF PO
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE ANO EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
MODELING PESTICIDES ANO NUTRIENTS UN AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
NATURAL SOIL NITRATE: THE CAUSE OF THE NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUND HATER IN RUNNEL
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND SPREADING OF MANURES VERSUS OTHER USES A SYSTEM AP
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOS
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS'. ORGANIC-WASTES SOILS
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-
AGRICULTURE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS'- CONFINEMENT AN 1MAL-WA STE S WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUT
MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. POLLUTION FEEOLOTS LEGAL-ASPECTS MODEL-S
FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BOLGARIA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS SHINE-WASTES DA IRY-INDUSTRY POL
MANURE HANDLING EQUIPMENT EXEMPT FROM PROPERTY TAX KEYWORDS: IOWA-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS POL
EPA StJA HATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT LOANS FOR AGRIBUSINESS KEYWORDS: POLLUTION-CONTROL WA
RETENTION ANO EXCRETION OF POL YCHLOR I NAT ED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. P
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLU
OAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS'. WASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECONOMICS SPR AY- IRRIGATI
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
VENTILATION OF TIE-STALL OAIRY BARNS IN ONTARIO KEYHORDS: VENTILATION DA IRY-1NDUSTRY PO
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LANO-APPL
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2-EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYWORDS' POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLI CAT I
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE HASTES UNOER AEROBIC ANO ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-W
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MANURE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHEAT CROP KEYWO
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIOUID-WASTES FLUSHING
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, ANU NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, HATER, AND NITROG
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONOS--NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYHORDS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-
AM INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE OE-HATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES ANO CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS PUULTRY-H4STES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
ASKOV 1984 — FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANDY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS: AN I MAL-WA STE S FE.R
EFFECT OF LUNG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K ANO FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
112 MILLION TONS OF MANURE PRODUCED IN 1974: USDA KEYWORDS' LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-W
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE WANT I TIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD ANO MINERAL
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE WASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD ANO SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY ECONOMICAL FERTILIZER SOURCE KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYHORDS: NONPOI NT-SOURCE S WATER-POLLUTION
ESTIMATING U.S. LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTPIENT PRODUCTION KEYHORDS. LIVESTOC
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHORDS', HAT ER-POLLUT I ON AIR-POLLUT
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYHORDS: L1OUI0-HASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APP
101
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300 Ti 5213
300 78 5231
500 77 5290
100 76 5304
400 78 5305
100 78 5039
100 78 5307
tOO 78 4680
400 77 4790
100 72 4844
100 78 4879
100 78 4889
100 78 4890
100 78 4911
200 73 4919
300 77 4923
100 76 4963
400 78 4981
100 77 5007
100 77 5008
100 78 5040
100 78 5042
100 78 5045
100 77 5062
400 78 5066
400 78 5160
100 77 5255
100 77 5261
500 77 5267
500 77 5270
100 76 5304
100 77 5306
100 77 5313
200 71. 4788
400 78 4871
100 78 5044
400 77 4791
400 78 4834
400 77 4847
100 77 4862
100 78 4877
100 77 5031
100 77 5032
100 78 5043
100 78 5053
400 78 5066
100 78 5124
400 78 5126
400 78 5132
400 78 5134
400 78 5166
300 78 5201
300 78 5202
300 78 5203
400 78 5263
100 78 5039
200 78 5108
100 75 4678
400 78 4681
400 78 4682
400 78 4686
300 74 4702
200 76 4710
200 76 4711
200 76 4714
200 76 4715
200 76 4720
200 76 4729
200 74 4748
200 76 4749
200 74 4757
200 77 4763
200 77 4769
200 77 4772
200 73 4783
400 77 4791
100 73 4801
100 77 4813
400 78 4816
400 77 4817
300 73 4820
300 74 4822
400 78 4833
400 7B 4837
100 76 4843
400 78 4845
400 77 4850
100 78 4858
300 77 4865
100 78 4878
100 78 4879
100 78 4880
100 78 4912
300 77 4923
300 77 4924
400 78 4939
700 76 4942
300 78 4944
100 75 4948
100 78 4956
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM-HYDFtOSIO
POTASSIUM-PERMANGA
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY
POULTRY-HOUSES
POULTRY-HOUSES
POULTRY-HOUSES
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L ITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L ITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L ITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER '
POULTRY-L I TTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-L I TTER
POULTRY-LITTER
POULTRY-METABOLIZA
POULTRY-PROCESSING
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY- ASTES
POULTRY- ASTES
POULTRY- ASTES
POULTRY- ASTES
POULTRY- ASTES
POULTRY- SSTES
POULTRY-HASTES
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES SOIL-CONTAHINA
HATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL HASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS: LA
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICAT
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON WATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS! FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING Bl
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES-DR
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID DAIRY MANURE
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING P
UTILIZATION OF COH-MANURE, HATCHERY-WASTE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I.INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, N
REPLACEMENT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE BY DRIED POULTRY MANURE IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS ,KEYW
UTILISATION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE BY GROWING CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTICAL DIET KEYWORD
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYWORDS: RUM
SOME ENERGY AND PROTEIN SOURCES OF THE FUTURE KEYWORDS: FEEDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYWOR
LAYERS IMPROVE WITH DPW KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED PERFORMANCE EG
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS KEYWORDS: DIETS POULTRY FEED-ADDITIVES MAGNES
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. P
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH NIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OXIDATION-GIT
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAW AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AND STRESS ON BROILER MALES KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION AMMON
FERMENTATION OF SWINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
BROILER LITTER REMOVED, COMPOSTED, AND USED AGAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER COMPOSTING P
MORE ON THREE-LEVEL BROILER BREEDER SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. POULTRY MANAGEMENT DESIGN PERFORMA
ODOUR PROBLEMS AND ODOUR CONTROL IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY FARMS IN THE NETHERLA
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY WITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON WATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY CONFINEMENT BROODER HOUSE KEYWORDS: POULTRY AIR-POLLUTION LITTERS
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING I. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES WASTE-REMOVAL M
MICROFLORA OF AIR SAMPLES FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HOUSES AIR-POLLUTION HI
RECYCLED POULTRY WASTES OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO COW-CALF OPERATORS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER REFEEDI
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN WASTE FEEDS KEYWORDS'. FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-WASTES BREWERY-WAST
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
BARK BROILER LITTER AS A POTENTIAL FEEDSTUFF FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RE
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYWORDS:
THIOCARBAMIDE AS AN INSECTICIDE WHEN APPLIED TO CAGE LAYING HEN FECES KEYWORDS: FLY-CON
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TOR
BROILER LITTER REMOVED, COMPOSTED, AND USED AGAIN KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER COMPOSTING P
BROILER GROWERS WITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING W
GRASS A BY-PRODUCT OF POULTRY KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER LAND-DISPOSAL FERTILIZERS FESCUE
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION POULTRY-LITTER PASTURES ANIMAL
PREPARING BROILER HOUSE WHEN USING OLD LITTER KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING ANIMAL
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYWORDS: POULTRV-L
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS: SILAGES ENSILING
OPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR GROWING LAMBS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED POULTRY-LITTER NIT
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DR
DUST REDUCTION IN THE BIRD RECEIVING AREA OF A POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT KEYWORDS'. AIR-P
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: PERT
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES LAND-APPLICATI
POULTRY WASTES PROVIDE NITROGEN SOURCE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES DAIRY-CATTLE
REDUCING SUMMERTIME ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL POULTRY-WASTES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS ALLEN BECKER, DBA BECKER S CHICKEN-
EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES SH
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DEMITRIF1C AT ION IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
THE APPLICATION OF FLUSHING MANURE-HANDLING SYSTEMS TO POULTRY BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: POUL
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WAST
RECYCLED POULTRY WASTES OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO COW-CALF OPERATORS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE POULTRY MANURE BREEDING HABITAT ON EMERGENCE DENSITY OF SYNANTHR
LISTERIA-ENCEFALITIS IN COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM A BROILER-FARM KEYHORDS' ANIMAL-HEALTH
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES MANURE-PITS CLEANI
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES PERM
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC AN ILLINOI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS LESTER KIPLING, DBA KIPLING CHICKEN
RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING ANI
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUIO-H
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION POULTRY-HASTES V
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR NATURAL PREDATORS KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL PREDATORS MANURE-PAD PO
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING P
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WAS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICR06I6L ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POUL~T
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I. INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, U
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I I. PRESERVATI ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HET EXC
INFLUENCE OF B-GLUCANASE ON FEEDING VALUE OF BARLEY FOR POULTRY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYHOR
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYHORDS: POULTRY
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A MIXED BLESSING KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION PA
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH HAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC OIGE
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN MAIZ
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM POPULATIONS IN POULTRY HASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE INSECTICIDES KEYWO
102
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
200 76 4962
300 78 4976
400 78 4983
100 75 4986
200 76 5000
100 77 5007
100 77 5022
100 77 5033
100 78 5038
100 78 5040
100 78 5041
100 78 5046
100 78 5051
200 76 5068
200 76 5069
200 76 5070
200 75 5083
400 78 5084
300 70 5086
200 78 5102
100 77 5121
300 78 5131
100 78 5136
100 78 5145
300 78 5152
200 78 5156
700 77 5182
100 73 5184
400 78 5185
300 78 5188
200 70 5191
600 78 5196
300 78 5218
400 78 5219
400 78 5221
100 77 5240
100 78 5264
500 77 5267
500 77 5280
500 77 5292
500 77 5298
100 76 5304
200 77 5311
400 78 5312
400 77 4790
100 77 4815
400 78 4839
100 78 4857
700 74 4885
400 78 4886
1UO 78 4889
100 78 4890
200 76 4918
100 75 4932
400 78 4941
200 76 4962
100 75 4963
100 76 4968
100 76 5030
100 78 5039
100 78 5042
200 76 5071
200 76 5072
200 76 5074
200 76 5075
100 77 5096
200 78 5122
400 78 5217
400 78 5263
400 78 4845
300 70 5086
100 76 5210
300 78 5218
100 78 4880
400 78 4979
400 78 5003
100 78 4880
400 78 4886
100 77 ^895
100 77 5016
300 78 5201
400 78 5228
400 77 4789
400 78 4886
200 76 4918
300 78 5231
500 77 5268
400. 78 4830
400 78 4839
400 78 4692
200 76 4727
200 76 4730
200 76 4743
100 77 4746
300 76 4754
200 71 4762
200 71 4788
400 78 4833
500 77 4906
500 77 4907
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-WASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DR1
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-OP. I
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DKI
POULTRY-WASTES-ORI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-DRI
POULTRY-WASTES-DRI
POULTRY-HASTES-ORI
PREDATORS
PREDATORS
PREDATORS
PREDATORS
PRESERVATIVES
PRESS60ARD
PROPERTY-TAX-EXEMP
PROPIONIC-ACID
PRORICH-FEEDS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
PROTEIN-SOURCES
PROTE IN-SUPPLEHENT
PU8L IC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEOING RUMINANTS POULTRY
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER LITTER AS FUEL KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES FUEL INCINERATION HEAT
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
VARIATIONS BETHEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYWORDS'. DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: 'P
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TO SOIL KEYWORDS'. POULTRY
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF POULTRY MANURE AS A METHOD OF FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTR
COMPARISON OF PROBE HAY MOISTURE DETECTOR AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING POUL
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING
USE OF THIOCARBAMIDE TO CONTROL HOUSE FLIES IN CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTRO
ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF POULTRY EXCRETA FROM HENS CONSUMING FEED TREATED HITH AN 000
AN ATTEMPT TO MECHANIZE NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM OH THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTIH
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ENSILING REFEED
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYOROSEEDING KEYWORDS'. POUL TRY-WASTES CHEMICAL-
NON-POINT SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
112 MILLION TOMS OF MANURE PRODUCED IN 1974: USD* KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-H
HORLDWIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYH
POULIRY WASTES IN THE DIET OF ISRAELI CARP KEYHOROS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES FISH PERF
A MANUAL ON- EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER HASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES DEHYD
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WASTES POULTRY-WA
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES SWINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
ESTIMATING U S LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: LIVESTOC
AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: DEHfORATION POULTRY-WASTES FLY-CONTROL ODOR-CONTROL
METHANE FROM MANURE1. FACT OR FANTASY KEYWORDS: METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTROL DEEP-PITS POULTR
FEATHERS ON MANURE CAN INCREASE FLY PROBLEM KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HASTES FEATHE
LESSER MEALWORM BEETLES INVADE MAINE RESIDENCES KEYWORDS: BEETLES POULTRY-HASTES INSECT
SAMPLING, CHARACTERISATION AND ANALYSIS OF MALODOURS KEYHOROS: ODOR SHINE-HASTES PDULTR
WET POULTRY HASTE MAKES SETTER FEED KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES REFEEUING SHEEP NITROGEN 0
ANIMAL FEEOLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES WASTE-REMO
COST OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS WATER-POLLUTION CA
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SWINE-HASTES LIQUID
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON HATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
SUMMER UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION POU
AGRICULTURAL HASTES IN FISH FARMING KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES POULTRY-HASTES
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING P
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED HHFftT STRAW ALONE OR WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING DRIE
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE OF POULTRY HASTE FEED KEYWORDS: °OULTRY-HASTES-DPIEO REFEEDIN
A COMPARISON OF DROP-PLATE AND POUR-PLATE METHODS FOR BACTERIAL POPULATION COUNTS OF PO
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SWINE
PRURICH CASHES IN ON FEED MARKET WITH DPH KEYWORDS:POULTRY-HASTES-OKIEO REFEEDING PRORI
REPLACEMENT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE BY DRIED POULTRY MANURE IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS ,KEYW
UTILISATION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE BY GROHING CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTICAL DIET KEYWORD
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTFS-DRI ED CATTLE PROT
UTILISATION OF RATIONS CONTAINING POULTRY MANURE AS A PROTEIN KEYHOROS: SHEEP REFEEDING
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED CATTL
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEOING RUMINANTS POULTRY
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTES AS FFED INGSTUFFS KEYWORDS: POULTBY-NASTES-DRI ED REFEcOI
LAYERS IMPROVE HITH DPH KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED PERFORMANCE EG
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED VARIOUS POULTRY HASTES KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-W
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY HASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DR
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAH AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIONEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN OPH FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIE
MARKETING OF CONVERTED POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED MARKF.TINC ECONOMICS
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-hASTES-DRI ED SHEEP CRUDE-PRDTEi
MARKETING MANURE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED DEHYDRATION FERTILISERS HASTE-STORAGE L
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HA
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE APPLIED MANURE KEYWORDS' MODEL-STUD IES LE
DPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED CATTLE PERFORMA
DPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR GROHING LAMBS KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED POULTRY-LITTER NIT
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR NATURAL PREDATORS KEYWORDS: FLY-CONTROL PREDATORS MANURE-PAD PO
WORLDWIDE SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF ADULT PREDATOR AND SCAVENGER INSECT POPULATIONS ASSO
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HABITS OF THE INSECT FAUNA INHABITING CATTLE DROPPINGS IN NORTH C
DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS' FLY-CONTROL DEEP-PITS POULTR
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF II. PRESERVATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WET EXC
NOW LOOK WHAT THEY'RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
MANURE HANDLING EQUIPMENT EXEMPT FROM PROPERTY TAX KEYHOROS: IOHA-LAH LEGAL-ASPECTS POL
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF II. PRESERVATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HET EXC
PRORICH CASHES IN ON FEED MARKET WITH DPH KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED REFEEDING PRORI
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION HITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GRUWN ON SHIMF. MANURE KEYWORDS LI
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT HASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYHOROS: POULTRY-L
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM HASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTE
RED WIGGLERS-TURN HORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYHORDS: FEEDS RECYCLING HOR
PRORICH CASHES IN ON FEED MARKET HITH DPH KEYHORDS:POULTRY-WASTES-OR1ED REFEEOING PRORI
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEDSNG POULTRY-HASTES-OR!ED CATTLE PROT
HATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL HASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS' LA
HORLD DEMAND FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOP HUMAN FOOD, 1970-2000 KEYWORDS' ANIMAL-PRODUCTION
INNOVATIONS ARE SEEN IN 198(JS C41TLE FEEDING KEYWORDS: CATTLE FEED-ADO ITIVES STIMULANTS
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE OF POULTRY WASTE FEED KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEDIN
LET THEM EAT WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES SWINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS D
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-H
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT WASTES WITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF HATEP QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTE POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING ANI
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF HUMAN AND OOMEST'C ANIMAL HASTES KEYWOR
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTHIiATION KEYWORDS: MUN1C I PAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
MO 78 4910
200 76 4918
400 78 4931
100 77 4989
400 78 5011
100 78 5053
100 78 5054
300 78 5079
300 78 5139
100 73 5167
300 78 5176
500 76 5225
300 77 5226
500 77 5273
500 77 5274
500 77 52T5
500 77 5276
500 77 5288
100 77 4892
100 69 4697
100 77 4893
400 78 5206
400 78 4669
100 77 4855
200 78 5127
500 77 5265
500 77 5287
100 78 5040
300 74 4700
100 77 4860
200 77 4786
300 77 4926
300 78 4951
100 78 5178
100 76 5210
100 77 4914
100 77 4895
200 76 5070
200 76 5125
500 77 5301
500 77 4904
700 76 4668
400 78 4669
400 78 4675
400 76 4695
200 76 4732
200 76 4735
200 74 4758
200 77 4765
200 77 4767
200 77 4769
200 77 4773
200 77 4779
200 75 4784
400 77 4789
700 76 4795
700 75 4812
400 77 4817
400 78 4823
300 76 4824
400 78 4846
400 78 4843
400 78 4849
400 77 4850
100 77 4855
300 76 4859
500 77 4907
600 4917
400 78 4935
300 78 4944
200 78 4947
300 78 4952
500 76 4965
400 78 4972
400 78 4979
400 77 5004
500 77 5026
100 77 5032
400 77 5050
300 78 5065
200 76 5068
200 76 5072
300 76 5090
400 77 5099
200 73 5102
200 78 5109
200 78 5111
500 77 5123
100 78 5124
400 78 5126
200 78 5127
300 78 5130
100 77 5138
500 78 5142
100 78 5148
300 78 5152
400 78 5166
100 73 5184
400 78 5189
400 78 5190
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PUBLIC-HEALTH
PULVERIZING
PUMPING
PUMPS
PURPLE-SULFUR-6ACT
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS
QUAIL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL-RUNOFF-RE
RANGELAND
RANGELAND
HANGELANO
RANGELAND
RANGELAND
RATIONS
RATS
RECLAMAT ION
RECLAMATION
RECLAMATION
RECREATIUNAL-AREA-
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
REC I'LL ING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCL ING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCL ING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
SULFA RESIDUES IN SWINE STILL A PROBLEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-SULFA RESIDUES WIIHORAWAL-PER10
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES-ORIEO CATTLE PROT
FARMING IN HASTE HATER MAY AID DEVELOPING NATIONS KEYWORDS; AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER-REUS
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS', LIOUID-HASTES HA
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE-H
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS RECEIVING ANIMAL HASTES—A REVIEW KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LA
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPER-TOXI
DEATH IN A FARM WORKER ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC GASES FROM A LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM - WISCON
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS', CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT T
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUNAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING METH
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECOLOGY KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS EPIDEMIOLOGY
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS1. EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM HASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEOING L
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXICITY HY
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK, HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. RFFEEOING
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEOLOTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-HASIES ECU!PMENT-MANURE-HA
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS: HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLI CAT[ON ECONOMICS SPRAY-IRRI GAT I
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
COLOR THESE LAGOONS PURPLE KEYHOROS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES PURPLE-SULFUR-BACTERIA
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES: A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES FOREST
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS WASTES—UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES RECYCLING
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING GAS-PROOUCTI
ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STORAG
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENATION KEYWOR
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROS!
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYHORDS: CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME 1. TREND IDE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYWORDS'. NONPOI NT- SOURCE S WATER-POLLUTION
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HABITS OF THE INSECT FAUNA INHABITING CATTLE DROPPINGS IN NORTH C
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GROWN ON SHINE MANURE KEYHORDS: LI
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDROSEEDING KEYWORDS POULTRY-HASTES CHEMICAL-
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLDT WASTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS-. FEEDLOTS L IQU10-WASTE S LANO-APPLIC
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE APPLICATION
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES: A FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL KEYWORDS'. AGRICULTURAL-WASTES FOREST
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEE'S METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-
METHANE DIGESTERS KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING DIGESTERS DESIGN ECONOMICS
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF HATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND SPREADING OF MANURES VERSUS OTHER USES: A SYSTEM AP
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS'. DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE WASTE-MANAG
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING WASTE-TREATMENT SH
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE HITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS". DAIRY-WASTES
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC 0
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS'. ANAEROBIC-DIGES
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: OAlPY-HASTES ANAEROBIC-TR
UTILIZATION OF METHANE FOR FARM PRODUCTION ENERGY-DISCUSSION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DA
RED HIGGLERS-TURN WORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT-RESEARCHERS KEYWORDS: FEEDS RECYCLING KOR
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE HASTE USING A FIBER WALL REACTUR KEYHOROS
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
POULTRY MANURE MAKES DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES FERH
MORE DEAR MOTHER A LETTER FROM JIM LAWRENCE KEYWORDS: HEATING PHYSICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOG
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS'- AGP. ICUL TURAL-W
FLUSH SYSIEM CLEANS SWINE PENS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
LIQUID COW MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT L>
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTE S RECYCL
MANURE DIGESTER BEING BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM KEYHOROS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS RECYCLING t>
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS WASTES—UTILIZATION ROUTES KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES RECYCLING
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOWA FARM—AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAi
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUN1C IPAL-WASTES AN IMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT I. -BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYHORDS RECYCLING CATTLE-WA
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS: KAPLAN FEEDLOIS RECYCLING REFEEDING HET
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES RECYCLING ANAEROBIC DICE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
CONVERSION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHYLENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYWORDS: FEE
THE LAMAR 8IO-CONVERSI ON PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS: tl I0-CONVERSI ON ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART TWO KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCL!
NOW LOOK WHAT THEY'RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FF
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ORGANIC-HASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID WASTES KEYHOROS: RECYCLING SOLID-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYWORDS--
IT'S NO BULL!COLORADO TOWN TO CONVERT COW MANURE TO NATURAL GAS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FUR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY WASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OP PERTH I
MARKETING OF CONVERTED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WAST ES-DRI EO MARKETING ECONOMICS
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ENERGY CONSERVATION KEY
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES CONFINEMENT € WASTE REUSE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: NANUPE-PITS HASTE-ST
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS. CATTLE-WASTES P,
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-TRE
BROILER GROWERS WITH'CATILE CAN MAKE HEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS'. POUL 1R Y-LI TTE R RECYCLING W
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CAS-PRODUCTI
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES INTO BIOGAS KEYWORDS. ANAEROBIC DIGLSTE
AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY HASTES AS AN ENERGY RESOURCE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-UASTtS FO
THE FEASIBILITY OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTES: THE FARMER :. "ERSPECTI
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-HATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: 1'ASIE- 5 TOP ACE EARTHE
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-WAS[ES POULTRV-WA
PREPARING BROILER HOUSE WHEN USING OLD LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING AM1MAI
EOUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYWORDS: RECYCLING THEKMUMET 1C'_, fllHHAHF PEFEEO
METHANE FROM HASTE KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING REFEEOING ECONOMIC:
104
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
»00 73 5192
600 78 5196
500 77 5197
400 78 5211
400 78 5224
300 77 5226
500 77 5265
500 77 5285
500 77 5287
500 77 5296
500 77 5297
500 77 5301
400 78 5302
400 78 5305
100 78 5308
400 78 5312
400 78 4674
400 78 4680
400 78 4682
400 78 4692
400 78 4699
200 77 4765
400 77 4790
400 77 4791
400 77 4793
700 76 4805
100 77 4815
400 78 4833
400 78 4834
400 78 4839
100 78 4842
100 72 4844
400 77 4847
400 78 4849
100 78 4858
300 76 4859
100 78 4876
100 78 4877
100 78 4878
100 78 4879
100 78 4880
700 74 4885
400 78 4886
700 77 4888
100 78 4889
100 78 4890
500 77 4907
100 78 49L1
300 77 4913
200 76 4918
300 77 4923
300 77 4924
100 75 4932
400 77 4933
400 78 4935
300 78 4940
400 78 4941
200 78 4947
100 75 4948
200 76 4962
100 75 4963
500 76 4965
100 76 4968
400 72 4992
100 77 5008
100 77 5016
100 76 5030
100 77 5031
100 78 5039
100 78 5040
100 78 5042
300 77 5048
300 77 5049
100 78 5051
100 77 5061
100 77 5062
200 76 5068
200 76 5069
200 76 5071
200 76 5074
300 78 5079
100 77 5096
200 78 5100
200 78 5101
100 77 5121
100 78 5124
400 78 5126
400 78 5143
400 78 5146
400 78 5147
300 78 5152
400 78 5161
400 78 5168
300 78 5172
100 77 5181
400 78 5185
400 78 5189
400 78 5190
300 78 5202
300 78 5203
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
RECYCLING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
KEFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFSEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
KEFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEECING
REFEEOING
REFEECING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING A
METHANE FROM MANURE: FACT OR FANTASY KEYWORDS'. METHANE ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION RECYCLING L
PARTICIPATE AND OOQR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY'. A CASE HISTORY KEYKOR
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING WASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEDING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING METH
ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-STORAG
COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLOTS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WINDROWS CO
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL WASTES-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENATION KEYWOR
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS LIQUID-WASTES LANO-APPLIC
BYCONVERSION NO PANACEA AS DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS'. BIOGAS METHANE ECONOMICS REC
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BI
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTERDBACTERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
AGRICULTURAL HASTES IN FISH FARMING KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL ENDS SUCCESSFULLY KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING CORRAL-INDUSTRIES CATTLE-
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
POULTRY HASTES PROVIDE NITROGEN SOURCE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES DAIRY-CATTLE
LET THEM EAT HASTE KEYHORDS: REFEEOING SHINE-HASTES SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS 0
FEEDING FEEOLOT HASTE TO CATTLE KEYWORDS! REFEEDING FEEDLOT-WASTES CATTLE HARVESTING EN
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING HASTE-TREATMENT SH
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING P
RECYCLED POULTRY WASTES OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO COW-CALF OPERATORS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
ANIMAL WASTE FEEDING GUIDES SET FOR STATES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-HASTES-PROCESSED
DESIGN AND OEVELDPHENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW ALONE OR WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING DRIE
RECYCLING TAKES EXTRA MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTE POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING ANI
BROILER LITTER IMPROVED GAIN DURING WINTER, STUDY SAYS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER REFEEOI
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE OF POULTRY HASTE FEED KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEOIN
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYWOR
UTILIZATION OF COH-MANURE, HATCHERY-HASTE AND PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN POULTRY FEEDS K
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN HASTE FEEDS KEYHOROS: FEEDS FOOD-PROCESSING-HASTES BREHERY-HAST
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-HASTES RECYCL
HORHONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WAS
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A 32-ACRE IOHA FARM--AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF GRAI
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA C.LE) IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS ft RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I, INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, W
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I I. PRESERVATI ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HET EXC
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SHINE HASTE KEYHOROS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SHINE
PRORICH CASHES IN ON FEED MARKET WITH DPH KEYWORDS:POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED REFEEDING PROP.l
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
REPLACEMENT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE BY DRIED POULTRY MANURE IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS ,KEYW
UTILISATION OF DRIED POULTRY MANURE BY GROWING CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTICAL DIET KEYWORD
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES AN IMAL-WASTFS LAND-APP
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYHOROS: RUM
HASTE 4S A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS: REFEEOING 01GEST 18 ILTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE HASTE-REG
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED CATTLE PROT
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYHOR
POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES-A DESIGN AND APPLICATION MANUAL KEYHORDS: POULTRY
UTILISATION OF RATIONS CONTAINING POULTRY MANURE AS A PROTEIN KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING
PROCESS MANURE FOR REFEEOING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING ANIMAL-WASTES ENSILING CHEHICAL-TREATM
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEDLOT UTOPIA KEYWORDS: KAPLAN FEEDLOTS RECYCLING REFEEDING MET
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTE
DRIED POULTRY MANURE BENEFITS DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRI ED CATTL
METHANE AND B1UMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CftTTLE MANURE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN MAIZ
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING RUMINANTS POULTRY
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTES AS FEED INGS TUFFS KEYHOROS: PDULTRY-HASTES-OR1 ED REFEEDi
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION PLANT DESIGN KEYHORDS: BIO-CONVERSION ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION CATT
LAYERS IMPROVE WITH DPH KEYHORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED PERFORMANCE EG
IDHft 8EEF TESTS SHOW PROFIT FOR FEEDING DITCH EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUE
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING HENS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING OXIOAT ION-DIT
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYHOROS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED VARIOUS POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-W
BARK BROILER LITTER AS A POTENTIAL FEEDSTUFF FOR RUMINANTS KEYHOROS: POULTRY-LITTER RE
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY HASTE FOR BROILERS KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES-DR
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF 4 SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS: REFEEDING
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAH AND COOKED SOYBEANS AND KIDNEY BEANS AND DRIED POULTRY HASTE IN
MANURE REFEEDING TO BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES REFEEOING CATTLE PERFORMANCE
REFEEDING WASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
AN ATTEMPT TO MECHANIZE NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: POULTRY-HASTES
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRAIE FERMENTATION OF SHINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
FERMENTATION OF SHINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY WASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES ENSILING REFEED
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN DPW FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIE
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES-DRIED SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS' REFEEDING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPER-TOXI
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WA
RECYCLING SHINE WASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYHORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES SH
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYWORDS; REFtEDING FEEOLOT-H
POULTRY HASTES IN THE DIET OF ISRAELI CARP KEYHORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WASTES FISH PERF
BROILER GROWERS WITH CATTLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF LITTER KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCL
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYHORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING W
FEEDING CATTLE HASTE MAKES SENSE' CANADIANS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-WASTES PERFORMA
CATTLE FURNISH CHEAP SWINE FEED KEYWORDS' REFEEDING CATTLE-HASTES SHINE ECONOMICS
CATTLE MILKED WELL AND GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAINING MANURE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING CATTLE-
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYHOROS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-WA
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS: SALT GROUNDWATER-PULLUTI ON DAIRY-WASTES OE
RECYCLED SWINE WASTE FED IN GROWING-FINISHING DIET KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WftSTES REFEEOING SWI
SWINE WASTES AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE IN GROWING-FINISHING SWINE RATIONS KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WA
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAW BY 4CTINOMYCETES KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREA
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-HASTES SWINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYWORDS: RECYCLING THERMONETICS METHANE REFEEO
METHANE FROM HASTE KEYWORDS: METHANE RECYCLING REFEEDING ECONOMICS
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS'. SILAGES ENSILING
105
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
300 78 5204
400 78 5217
400 78 5224
500 76 5225
400 78 5228
300 78 5229
100 78 5233
100 77 5261
100 78 5264
500 77 5265
500 77 5275
500 77 5288
500 77 5297
500 77 5301
400 78 5305
100 76 5309
100 77 5313
400 78 4910
100 77 4949
100 77 5007
100 77 5022
200 77 4773
100 77 5137
100 77 4949
100 78 5158
100 78 4929
700 77 4688
100 77 4914
100 78 4911
100 77 4993
200 76 4962
100 75 4963
100 77 5031
400 77 4672
200 77 4771
200 11 4811
400 78 4829
100 78 4930
200 78 5114
600 75 5150
400 78 5092
400 78 4671
200 71 4762
400 78 4909
400 78 5011
300 78 5079
300 78 5139
400 78 5212
500 77 5288
200 76 4722
700 76 4921
100 78 5052
400 78 5209
100 76 5232
100 72 4696
200 76 4730
200 76 4743
100 77 4746
100 72 4799
200 72 4818
300 78 5176
300 78 5183
300 78 5201
200 71 4788
200 77 4807
200 77 4809
500 77 4907
300 77 4915
300 77 4937
100 78 5171
700 77 5182
300 77 5205
400 78 5220
400 78 5161
400 78 5207
200 77 4867
200 78 5H3
200 76 4741
200 76 4742
200 76 4719
400 74 4988
400 78 5001
300 77 5034
400 78 5147
300 77 5205
500 77 5281
200 74 5017
100 78 4876
500 77 5197
200 77 5237
400 73 5192
300 77 5205
500 77 5281
300 74 4700
700 76 4804
300 77 4683
300 77 4927
100 78 5178
200 78 5227
100 76 4863
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEOING
REFEEDING
REFEEDING
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESIDUES
RESPIRATION
RETENTION-TIME
ROCKPHOSPHATE
RONNEL
ROOFS
ROTATING-FLIGHTED-
ROUGHAGE
ROUGHAGE-CONTENT
RUMEN-CONTENTS
RUMEN-LIQUOR
RUMINANTS
RUMINANTS
RUMINANTS
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RUNOFF-CONTROL
RURAL-CLEAN-HATER-
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALINITY
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA
SALHONELLOSIS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALTS
SALT
SALT-BURN
SAMPLING
SAMPLING-METHODS
SAMPLING-TECHNIQUE
SAMPLING-TECHNIQUE
SATURATION-EXTRACT
SCRAPING
SCRAPING
SCREENING
SCREENING
SCREENING
SCREENS
SCREEN-SEPARATORS
SCREH-PRESS
SCRUBBING
SEALING
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENT
SEEDLING-EMERGENCE
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SHINE OF ENSILED SHINE WASTE AND GROUND COR
DPH PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR COHS KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRI ED CATTLE PERFORHA
SMALL FARM ENERGY PROJECT KEYWORDS: RECYCLING BIOGAS METHANE REFEEOING ANAEROBIC DIGEST
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS: WASTE-TREATMENT T
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM HASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTE
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
COMBINED EFFECTS OF SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS OF LACTATING COW
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY WITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
WET POULTRY HASTE MAKES BETTER FEED KEYWORDS; POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING SHEEP NITROGEN D
ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS; FEEOLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS; PUBLIC-HEALTH ANIMAL-HEALTH REFEEDING L
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS LIQUID-HASTES LAND-APPLIC
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING BI
UTILIZATION OF SWINE MANURE IN A POLYCULTURE OF ASIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN FISHES KEYWORD
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING I. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
SULFA RESIDUES IN SHINE STILL A PROBLEM KEYWORDS'. SHINE-SULFA RESIDUES HITHDR AHAL-PERIO
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING DIETHYLSTILBESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
RETENTION AND EXCRETION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING HENS KEYWORDS'. P
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TO SOIL KEYWORDS'. POULTRY
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGES
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND FYM APPLICATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ROCK PHOSPHATE FOR WHEAT KE
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING DIETHYLSTILBESTROLi CHLORTETRACYCL
DESIGN OF LIQUID MANURE TANK ROOF SLABS KEYWORDS: LIOUI0-HASTES MANURE-TANKS DESIGN ROD
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT KEYHORDS', ROTATING-FLIGHTED
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYHORDS: RUM
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYHORDS'. LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES CHEM
FEEDING POULTRY HASTE TO RUMINANTS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES REFEEDING RUMINANTS POULTRY
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES-DRIED REFEEDI
BARK BROILER LITTER AS A POTENTIAL FEEDSTUFF FOR RUMINANTS KEYHOROS'. POULTRY-LITTER RE
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
MODELING-THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT 'POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS FEED
RUNOFF CONTROL KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTROL DESIGN DEBRIS-BASINS LOCATION HO
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYHOROS: NONPOINT-SOUR
FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE TO SOLVE WATER POLLUTION KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECT
LIQUID MANURE GAS MAY POSE DANGER KEYHOROS: AIR-POLLUTION SAFETY LIQUID-HASTES HYDROGEN
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
LIQUID MANURE CAN RELEASE DEADLY GASES KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES GASES TOXICITY SAFETY
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS; AIR-POLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE^-H
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYHOROS: REFEEOING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPER-TOXI
DEATH IN A FARM WORKER ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC GASES FROM A LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM - HISCON
HARNING-MANURE GASES ARE DANGEROUS KEYHOROS: GASES HYDROGEN-SULFIDE METHANE CARBON-OIOX
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK HASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYHORDS: REFEEOING
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE ON SOIL-EFFECT ON SOIL SALINITY KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HAS
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROHTH KEYHOROS: CATTLE-WASTES
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
SALT BUILDUP CAUSES LAGOON FAILURE KEYHORDS: LAGOONS DAIRY-WASTES ANAEROBIC ELECTRICAL-
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS TO SAND TO INCREASE THE MOISTURE LEVEL FOR THE GROHTH OF BAJRA PE
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYHORDS: SLURRIES PATHOG
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL EFFLUENT UTILISATION FOR GRASSLAND PRODUCTION ON LEVEL
MICRDBIULOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT HASTES HITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
STUDIES ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMUR1UM AND SALMONELLA BOV1S-MORBIFICANS ON S
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYHOROS: PA
SEHAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES'. A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER HITH TIME KEYHORDS: POULTRY-L
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS
HASTEHATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SHINE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTFS LAGOONS FLUSHING HASTE
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTILIZATION KEYHOROS: MUNICIPAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES LAND-APP
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHOROS; LIQUID-HASTES DAIRY-HA
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ANO OUR HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNDWATER-POL
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS; SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES LAGOON PROBLEMS KEYHORDS: LAGOONS ANAEROBIC BACTERIA SALTS HEAV
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN RECYCLING KEYWORDS'. SALT GROUNDHAT ER-POLLUT [ON DAIRY-WASTES DE
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALFALFA KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APP
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHORDS: OAIRY-HASTES ANAE
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SHINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HARMONISAT I UN OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS IN THE EEC COMM
HARMONISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYHORDS:
SOIL, HATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED 6Y INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES W
SCRAPING AHAY HASTE KEYHORDS: CATTLE-WASTES FEEOLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LANO-A
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
CATTLE MILKED WELL AND GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAINING MANURE KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING CATTLE-
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
SOLIDS SEPARATION ANO DEWATERING KEYHORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY AND SHINE HASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS'. SE
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA (LE) IN LAMS DIETS KEYWORD
PARTICULATE AND ODOR CONTROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY: A CASE HISTORY KEYHOR
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYHOROS: LIQUID-
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY FARMS AND VILLAGES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING A
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND OEHATERING KEYWORDS'- SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT (ARM) MODEL1. VERSION I I. REFINEMENT ANO TESTING KEYHOROS
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEH KEYHORDS: NONPOINT-SOURCE S HATER-POLLUTION
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPEDANCE TO SIMULATED SEEDLING EMERGENCE BY THE ADDITION OF MANURE
106
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100
100
200
300
200
200
200
200
200
700
100
100
200
100
600
100
200
300
400
100
100
100
500
500
100
400
400
100
100
100
100
200
300
500
300
300
300
100
400
700
500
400
300
500
100
100
100
100
100
100
700
100
200
300
100
200
100
100
300
400
100
500
200
200
100
100
300
100
100
300
300
100
100
200
300
300
100
500
300
500
300
500
500
400
100
100
400
100
200
400
100
200
300
400
200
300
200
100
100
200
78
77
77
76
76
76
74
77
76
78
76
77
78
73
74
77
77
73
77
77
77
77
78
76
78
78
75
65
78
77
77
76
78
78
77
78
77
77
77
76
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
77
75
78
77
77
76
77
78
78
78
78
77
76
76
72
78
78
78
77
78
78
77
77
76
73
77
75
77
76
77
77
77
77
78
77
77
74
77
76
78
77
77
78
74
77
76
78
76
77
4997
5057
4794
5049
4711
4712
4731
4758
4779
4805
4876
4891
4896
4911
4917
4929
5017
5088
5099
5184
5247
5258
5265
5281
5308
4999
5091
5057
5200
5133
4958
4872
4916
5294
4754
5175
5176
5179
5187
5198
5284
4798
4870
4901
4815
4842
4876
4877
4878
4880
4888
4932
4947
4969
5062
5074
5096
5170
5202
5263
5264
5267
4711
4743
4799
4911
4951
5170
5028
5201
5203
5261
5313
4732
4826
4926
4698
5268
4814
4900
4915
5269
5276
4693
4987
5244
4990
4991
5000
5223
4860
4872
5010
5059
4781
4969
5000
4971
4891
4957
SEEPAGE
SEINING
SEMI-CONFINEMENT
SEPARATION
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATlON-TECHNia
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNia
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNia
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIO
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SEPARATION-TECHNia
SEPARATION-TECHNIQ
SERPENTINE-TERRACE
SERPENTINE-HATERWA
SETTLEABLE-SOLIDS
SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT-BANKS
SETTLING
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-BASINS
SETTLING-TANKS
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SEWAGE-SLUDGE
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP
SHEEP-WASTES
SHEEP-WASTES
SHEEP-WASTES
SHEEP-WASTES
SHEEP-WASTES
SHEEP-WASTES
SHELLFISH-HARVEST
SHIGELLA
SILAGES
SILAGES
SILAGES
SILAGE-EFFECT
SILVICULTURE
SILVICULTURE
SIMAZINE
SINGLE-CELL-PROTEI
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SITE-SELECTION
SUE
SKATOLE
SKATOLE
SLATTEO-FLOORS
SLATTED- FLOORS
SLATTED-FLOORS
SLATTED-FLOORS
SLOPES
SLOPES
SLOPES
SLOPES
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLOTTEO-FLOORS
SLOTTED-FLOORS
SLUDGES
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
MOVEMENT OF NITRATES AND OTHER DISSOLVED SALTS FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE KINNERET KEYWO
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS; FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-OUALIT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOODS SOILS KEYWORDS! CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
REFEEDING WASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY" KE
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGEr HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE WASTE-MANAG
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGESTION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES ANAEROB1C-TR
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
EFFECTS OF LI8UID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA HE) IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
DEHATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SWINE-WA
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYWORDS: RUM
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS: RECYCLING CATTLE-WA
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS'. ROTATING-FLIGHTED
MECHANICAL LIOUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY AND SWINE WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SE
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS- 1.BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER — TERRINGTON EHF REPORT
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES CONFINEMENT C WASTE REUSE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEODORIZATION KEYWORDS! ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES SLURR
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U. K. INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTR
ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES OOOR ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-STORAG
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND DEWATERING KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGAL-SEPARATORS
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MANURE BEDDING ON CALIFORNIA DAIRIES KEY
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT
SERPENTINE SYSTEM IS THE SOLUTION KEYWORDS: SERPENTINE-WATERWAY FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-TR
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUALIT
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-WASTES SETTLEMENT F
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EQUIPM
HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS: LAGOONS WASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID WASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYWORDS: LI
METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
SWINE FEEDLOT WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES FEEOLOTS HASTEWATE
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT STATIONS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES LAND-
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROWTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF PIG FEEDLOT WASTEWATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: SWINE-WAST
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTE
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW ALONE OR HITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING ORIE
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISHING CATTLE KEYWOR
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE EXCRETA (L E) IN LAMB DIETS KEYWORD
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZATION OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS KEY
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I I, PRESERV AT I ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WET E.XC
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL WASTE FRO
UTILISATION OF RATIONS CONTAINING POULTRY MAMURE AS A PROTEIN KEYWORDS: SHEEP REFEEDING
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEEP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
FERMENTATION Of SWINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED1. PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
POULTRY MANURE FED TO LAMBS KEYHORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DR1 ED SHEEP CRUDE-PROTEI
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS: REFEEOING POULTRY-WA
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMH
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS 8
OPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR GROWING LAMBS KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES-ORI ED POULTRY-LITTER NIT
WET POULTRY HASTE MAKES BETTER FEED KEYHOROS: POULTRY-WASTES REFEEDING SHEEP NITROGEN D
ANIMAL FEEOLOTS-OEVELOPMENT, TRENDS. PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION
STUDIES ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND SALMONELLA QOVIS-MORBIFI CANS ON S
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CONTENTS OR FRACTIONS THEREOF ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS KEYWORDS: RUM
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTION ARISING FROM SUMM
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCHASTIC POLLUTION MODEL KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER HITH TIME KEYWORDS: POULTRY-L
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND BROILER LITTER FOR FINISHING HEIFERS KEYWORDS: SILAGES ENSILING
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTATIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PREPARED WEEKLY HITH MANURE SILAGE AND FINA
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN FATTENING I. HIGH SUBSTITUTION LEVE
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF HATER RESOURCES KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLU
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF PO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND SILVICULTURE VOLUME I. TREND IDE
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION HERBICIDES ANIM
WORLD DEMAND FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN FOOD, 1970-2000 KEYHOROS: ANIMAL-PRODUCTION
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAWS KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS OOOR FEEOLOTS ZONING SITE-SELE
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES OAIRY-HA
CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES FOR THE SELECTION OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT SITES KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS SI
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXICITY HY
LAGOONS-WHAT SUE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERO KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
OUANTITATION OF INDOLE AND SKATOLE IN A HOUSED SHINE UNIT KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFIN
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AIR IN PIG HOUSES KEYHORDS: ODOR SHINE-WASTES SPECTROPHOTOMETR
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYJNG IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYWORDS: DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTED-FLO
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, HATER, AND NITROG
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID HASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEDLOT KEYWORDS: LI
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNDERSLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES FLUSHING DESIGN SLO
WELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES GASE
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP HOUSING KEYWORDS: SLOTTED-FLOORS SHEEP CONFINEMENT-PENS FLOOR
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN THE DEEP-PIT HIGH-RISE SYSTEM KEYWORDS' DEHYDRATION DEEP-PI
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR WASTEWATER KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES AER
107
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 7? 5179
100 73 518*
700 77 5198
300 77 5226
100 75 4670
100 72 4696
200 76 "4706
200 76 4708
200 76 4709
200 76 4710
200 76 4711
200 76 4712
200 76 4714
200 76 4717
200 76 4718
200 76 4721
200 76 4723
200 76 4726
200 76 4727
200 76 4728
200 76 4731
200 76 4732
200 77 4777
200 77 4778
700 76 4805
100 77 4868
200 76 4869
100 75 4883
200 77 4896
100 77 4914
100 76 4929
400 78 4974
400 78 4975
400 78 4978
400 74 4988
100 76 5018
100 78 5060
200 76 5073
100 73 5085
400 77 5099
200 78 5116
100 77 5118
100 76 5119
100 75 5120
400 75 5157
100 73 5167
100 73 5184
100 77 5243
100 77 5243
100 77 5245
100 77 5247
100 77 5248
100 77 5249
100 77 5258
500 77 5276
500 77 5278
500 77 5293
300 77 5047
300 74 4700
500 77 4907
700 76 4921
300 78 5055
200 78 5156
100 76 5304
400 78 5305
700 76 668
700 77 888
100 77 993
200 76 717
200 76 718
200 77 794
700 73 884
500 77 4900
300 73 5024
100 76 5036
200 76 4721
100 77 4970
100 77 4766
400 76 4979
200 76 4741
200 76 4742
100 77 5022
100 75 4678
200 76 4722
100 72 4673
100 T5 4679
200 76 4711
200 76 4741
200 76 4744
200 77 4764
100 77 4862
700 73 4922
700 76 4942
100 77 4945
100 78 4955
300 78 5023
100 75 5081
100 77 5118
100 76 5119
100 75 5120
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLUDGE
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURR IES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURR IES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURR IES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SLURRIES
SMALL-BUSINESS-ADH
SNOWMELT
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM
SODIUM-HYDROXIDE
SODIUM-HYDROX I DE
SODIUM-HYDROX IDE
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOILS
SOIL-ADSORPTION
SOIL-AGGREGATES
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-AMENDMENTS
SOIL-ANALYSIS
SOIL-ANALYSIS
SOIL-BIOCHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMICAL-PROP
SOIL-CHEHICAL-PROP
SO IL-CHEMI STRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SO IL-CHEM I STRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMI STRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMI STRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS'. SEHAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AND PLANT GROWTH IN HANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING HETH
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY HATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS: SLURRIES PATHOS
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS'. PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYWORD
CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQUID PIG MANURE SPREADING KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SHINE-WASTES LAND-A
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION G
EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN ON CROP PRODUCTION AND
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES POULTRY-WASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY: EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANOSPREAOINGS IN
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SHINE-WAST
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION!SOME PRELIMINARY RE
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MANURE BANKS IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYWORDS:
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREAD ING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-W
AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAMINATION WITH
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLU
EXPERIENCES FROM OPERATING A FULL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA GRASS AND BAHIA GRASS KEYWORDS'. SLURR
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. SEPARATION-TECHNI CUES
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYWORDS'. SHI
UNIFORM SLURRY SPREADING WITH A CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TO AVOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
DEHATERING A SHINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SWINE-WA
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ROTATING-FLIGHTED
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING ME THODS'. TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYWORDS
MANURE CONTAINMENT-SLURRY WITH THE CRUST ON TOP KEYWORDS; LIVESTOCK-HASTES SLURRIES WAS
GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS WITH CORNLAGE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES H
COW SLURRY MANAGEMENT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGETS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES SLU
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION OF THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER K
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATI
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES CONFINEMENT C. HASTE REUSE KEYWORDS; DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SEPARA
DEVELOPMENT OF A SLURRY SPINNER KEYWORDS: SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION EQUIPMENT-1RRIGAT10
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
NEW SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYHOROS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SE
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYWORDS'- HASTE-ST
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG HASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-ST
ODOURS ARISING FROM THE LAND-SPREADING OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SWINE-H
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEOOORIZAT I ON KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES SLURR
VEAL-CALF MANURE OEODORIZATI ON BY SURFACE AERATION KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL CATTLE-HASTES
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RELATING TO ODOUR CONTROL KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SLURRIES CHEMICAL
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U.K. INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS! ODOR-CONTR
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXICITY HY
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SOLI
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES IN THE GDR KEYWORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-COMPO
EPA SBA LOANS FOR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEY WORDS: HATER-POLLUTION ABATEMENT FINANCE SM
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES AN I HAL-WASTES LANO-APP
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS'- SWINE
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON HATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT HINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYHOROS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES RECYCLING BI
CELLULQLYSIS IN FEEDLOT HASTE KEYHOROS: FEEDLOT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF UNTREATED AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED FECAL HASTE FRO
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES CHEM
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDULOCICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREADINGS IN
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATHOODS SOILS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DAIRY FARMS IN TWO REGIONS DOMINATE
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-WASTES SOILS
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION FERTILIZERS NU
ASKOV 198*—FERTILIZERS AND MANURE ON SANUY AND LOAMY SOILS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES FER
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SWINE-HAST
EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON WATER-STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HA
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYWORDS: ZEOLITE
NOH LOOK WHAT THEY'RE MAKING FROM MANURE KEYWORDS'. CAIRY-HASTES RECYCLING IRRIGATION FE
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HARMONISAT I ON OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS IN THE EEC CONM
HARMONISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYWORDS
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY MANURE ADDED TO SOIL KEYWORDS: POULTRY
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES'KEYHORDS: FERT
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQUID MANURE ON SOIL-EFFECT ON SOIL SALINITY KEYHORDS.' LIQUID-HAS
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2. EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
NOTE ON DETOXICATION OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYWORDS: INSECTICIDES LINDANE SOIL-
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES SH
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HARMONISATION OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS IN THE EEC COMM
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS: NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGAN 1C-WASTES SOIL-CHEMI
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWOR
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL HASTES DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APPL
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE HHICH HAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT HASTE MANA
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF HANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
NITRIFICATION AND OEN1TRIFICAT ION IN CATTLE MANURE-AMENDED SOIL KEYHOROS: LAND-APPLICA
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL ANU SOIL
108
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100
700
100
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
500
100
100
100
200
200
100
400
200
500
700
200
200
200
200
200
500
200
300
100
200
100
200
200
400
100
100
700
200
200
100
200
200
200
100
500
100
300
700
200
200
100
200
300
100
200
100
200
200
200
400
400
100
300
500
100
100
200
500
500
100
400
100
100
200
100
400
200
300
200
400
100
200
300
200
200
400
300
700
100
100
100
500
400
300
300
400
100
100
78
77
75
76
76
76
74
78
78
74
78
77
77
76
77
76
76
75
77
78
77
76
76
76
76
76
74
77
77
78
77
76
75
76
74
77
76
76
77
76
77
75
77
76
76
77
77
77
78
77
77
71
76
77
77
76
78
77
76
76
76
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
75
77
74
69
77
77
78
76
78
77
77
77
74
74
78
78
76
77
77
78
77
78
77
76
78
77
77
5171
5198
4698
4705
4723
4737
4761
5055
5175
5213
5229
5274
4970
5119
4691
4709
4756
4883
4985
5115
5299
4921
4717
4720
4723
4733
4780
4903
5237
5176
4860
4721
5120
4717
4780
4798
4863
5082
5182
4721
5237
5120
4794
4719
4738
4860
4900
4950
5175
5182
5311
4687
4891
4896
4937
5148
5156
4853
4707
4727
4736
4828
4837
4854
4865
4900
4945
4946
5019
5026
5278
5060
4680
4670
5244
4748
4697
4797
5019
5201
4740
4630
4949
4794
5226
4781
4760
5001
5183
4668
4895
5016
5051
5301
5067
5035
4964
5126
5137
5242
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CHEMISTRY
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CONTAMINATION
SOIL-CORES
SOIL-GAS
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL-INJECTION
SOIL- INJECT I ON
SOIL-INVESTIGATION
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MECHANICS
SOIL-MICROBIOLOGY
SOIL-PERMEABILITY
SOIL-PROFILE
SOIL-PROFILE
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-PROPERTIES
SOIL-RETENTION
SOIL-TYPES
SOIL-WATER
SOIL-HATER-MOVEHEN
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-P
SOIL-HATER-PLANT-R
SOLAR-ENERGY
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIDS
SOLIOS-RETENTION-T
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOL ID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-WASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLID-HASTES
SOLUBILITY
SORBIC-ACID
SPECIFIC-GRAVITY
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
SPHERES
SPRAY- [RR IGATI ON
SPRINKLEP-IRPIGATI
SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT 1
STACK ING
STANDARD IZATION
STIMULANTS
STIROFOS
STOCKING-RATES
STORAGE
STORAGE-PITS
STORAGE-PI T
STORAGE-PIT
STREPTOMYCETES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUB:TRATES
SULFATES
SULFIDES
SULFUR
SULFUR
SULFUR
SULFUR
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED FERTILIZER AMD PLANT GROWTH IN MANURE AND SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION HERBICIDES ANIM
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-HASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS ON MANURE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SHINE FEEDLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS SHINE MANAGE
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SHINE
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS; FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES SO IL-CONTAMINA
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON HATER-STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HA
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COH SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL ATM
INJECTION OF DAIRY HASTE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION SO IL-INJECTI ON PASTURE
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES LAND-APPLICATION G
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID MANURE SPREADING AMD INJECTION SYSTEM KEYWORDS: EOUIPNENT-LAND-
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY INTO SOIL TO AVOID HERBAGE REJECTION KEYWORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYHORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEOLOTS ODOR-CONTRD
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROHTH KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEOOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREAD INGS IN
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DEN!TRIF[CAT ION IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
SOIL AND CROP CONSIDERATIONS FOR RECYCLING HASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPE
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN WASTES THROUGH SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION MUNI
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS; SWINE-WAST
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREAOINGS IN
SOIL AND CROP CONSIOERATIONS FOR RECYCLING WASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SOIL-PROPE
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL HASTE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPEDANCE TO SIMULATED SEEDLING EMERGENCE BY THE ADDITION OF MANURE
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS AND MANURES ON SU1L PHYSICAL AND CHEMI
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WAST
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYWORDS: LIQUID-
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF COW SLURRY TO GRASSLAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN SOIL AND SOIL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIHAL MANURES BY LAND SPRE
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER CROP, AND NUTRIE'JT SOURCE ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WATER, AND NITROG
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC HASTES AND HASTE HATERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
MANURE EFFECTS ON HATER INTAKE AND RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM PLOTS KE
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AMD BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAVY POULTRY MANURE APPLICATIONS ON
SUMMER UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS; DEHYDRATION POU
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE HASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-K
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
OEHATERING A SHINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SHINE-Wft
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION GROUNOWATER-POL
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPON SWINE MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES ODOR A
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION I F'l DENMARK KEYWORDS; SOLID-HASTES LIQUID-WASTES DEN
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREAD ING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-H
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL S1UDIES AND SYS
WHICH HASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-HA
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY HASTE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANURE STORAGES KEYWORDS: DES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES WASTE-
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND WATER KEYWO
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS A'jn MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGE
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID HJSTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING SOLID-HASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTE
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SOLI
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADO ITIVES FUNGICIDES L
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AIR IN PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS: ODOR SHINE-HASTES SPEf.TROPHOTOMETR
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS'. HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECONOMICS SPRAY-I RR I GAT I
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF PUNOFF KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LANO-APPLIC
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS'. WASTE-MANAGE
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER WITH TIME KEYWORDS' POULTRY-L
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR MANURES-COMPARI SON BETWEEN COUNTRIES OF THE EEC, 2ND APPROXIMAT
INNOVATIONS ARE SEEN IN 1980S CATTLE FEEDING KEY'.UROS: CATTLE FEED-ADDITIVES STIMULANTS
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER FEEDING 0 IETHYLSTIL8ESTROL, CHLORTETRACYCL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BEEF CATTLE ON FLATHOODS SOILS KEYWORDS: CATTLE MANAGEMENT PAST
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS: RECYCLING METH
SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CASE
A NEW APPROACH IN NON-SLATTED LIQUID HASTE '.HINE HOUSING SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-WASTES FEtDLOTS DESIGN SCRAPING STORAGE-PIT LANO-A
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEQIJjI HASTES: A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
CELLULOLYSIS IN FEEOLOT HASTE KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYS1CAL-TREA
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE ChLORELLA GROWN ON SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LI
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
AN ATTEMPT TO MECHANIZE NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-HASTES
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS; FEEDLOTS LIQUID-HASTES LANO-APPLIC
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYHORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEVHOROS. CATTLE DUSTS GASES AMMONIA THIOLS AIR
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALOOORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS: AN IMAL-WASTES ODOR MEASUR
FEED AND FERTILIZER. VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYHORDS; POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND FYM APPLICATION ON fHE EFFICIENCY OF ROCK PHOSPHATE FOR WHEAT KE
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODORANTS WI
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 5234 SUNLIGHT BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS—SUN, HIND BEST FOR HANDLING HASTE KEYWORDS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
200 73 4782 SUSPENDED-SOLIDS MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-STORAGE AERATIO
100 77 4856 SUSPENDED-SOLIDS RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: FF.EDLOT-RUNOFF W
200 78 4947 SUSPENDED-SOLIDS METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
100 75 5200 SUSPENDED-SOLIDS AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS: AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANIMAL-WASTES SETTLEMENT F
400 78 4692 SWINE LET THEM EAT WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-WASTES SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS D
300 75 4701 SHINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS; SWINE FEEDLOTS AI
200 74 4761 SWINE NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A SHINE FEEDLOT IN SOUTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOTS SWINE MANAGE
300 76 4825 SHINE RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUISANCE LAHSUITS KEYHORDS: ODOR NUISANCE-LAWSUITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
400 78 4841 SWINE ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SHINE HEALTH KEYHORDS: AIR-POLLUTION CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE
300 77 4866 SHINE ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH KEYWORDS: AIR-POLLUTION SWINE HOUSING AMMONIA
100 77 5062 SWINE FERMENTATION OF SWINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
200 78 5100 SHINE RECYCLING SWINE HASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-HASTES SW
400 78 5146 SWINE CATTLE FURNISH CHEAP SWINE FEED KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CATTLE-WASTES SWINE ECONOMICS
400 78 5163 SHINE MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYHORDS: SHINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
400 78 5168 SHINE RECYCLED SWINE HASTE FED IN GROWING-FINISHING DIET KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES REFEEOING SHI
300 78 5172 SHINE SWINE WASTES AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE IN GROWING-FINISHING SHINE RATIONS KEYHORDS: SWINE-WA
400 78 5174 SWINE AMMONIA AFFECTS SHINE HEALTH KEYHORDS: AMMONIA SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH AIR-POLLUTION
400 78 5185 SHINE POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS: REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES SHINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
300 78 5204 SWINE ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF ENSILED SHINE WASTE AND GROUND COR
100 77 5259 SHINE DISPERSION OF DOORS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG HOUSES KEYWORDS: ODOR SWINE CONFINEMENT
500 77 5267 SHINE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
500 77 5270 SWINE LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS DESIGN
200 77 5310 SHINE SCHEDULING SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES KEYWORDS: COMPUTER-MODELS MANAGEMENT SWINE
400 78 4910 SHINE-SULFA SULFA RESIDUES IN SHINE STILL A PROBLEM KEYHORDS: SHINE-SULFA RESIDUES WITHDRAWAL-PERIO
100 75 4670 SHINE-HASTES FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
400 78 4677 SHINE-HASTES SHINE ODOR NOT LOHERED MUCH BY CONTROL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES OD
400 78 4684 SWINE-WASTES PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HYDROGEN-S
300 76 4690 SWINE-HASTES GUTTER FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHOROS'. FLUSHING SWINE-HASTES DESIGN LAGO
400 78 4692 SWINE-WASTES LET THEM EAT HASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEOING SWINE-WASTES SHINE ANIMAL-HEALTH LEGAL-ASPECTS D
200 76 4706 SHINE-HASTES AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYHORD
200 76 4708 SHINE-HASTES CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQUID PIG MANURE SPREADING KEYWORDS: SLURRIES SWINE-HASTES LAND-A
200 76 4711 SHINE-HASTES EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES SH
200 76 4712 SHINE-HASTES THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
200 76 4714 SHINE-WASTES THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL MANURES ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND HERBAGE INTAKE OF CATTLE KE
200 76 4715 SHINE-HASTES ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN DUTCH FORESTRY-APPLICATION AND RESTRICTIONS KEYWORDS'. LIOUID-
200 76 4717 SWINE-WASTES RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL ORGANISATION OF THE SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LANDSPREAOINGS IN
200 76 4718 SWINE-HASTES THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND SEASON OF APPLICATION ON INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF NUTRIEN
200 76 4720 SWINE-WASTES LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DENITRIFICATI ON IN A SANDY SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
200 76 4721 SWINE-WASTES PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS: SWINE-HAST
200 76 4723 SWINE-WASTES ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULATION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG MANURE APPLICATION-SOME PRELIMINARY RE
200 76 4736 SHINE-WASTES HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
200 74 4760 SWINE-WASTES A NEW APPROACH IN NDN-SLATTED LIQUID HASTE SHINE HOUSING SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES
200 77 4763 SHINE-WASTES MODELING TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES K
200 77 4764 SWINE-WASTES LONG-TERM FESCUE AND COASTAL BERMUOAGRASS CROP RESPONSE TO SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWBR
200 77 4765 SWINE-HASTES MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING HASTE-TREATMENT SW
200 77 4772 SWINE-HASTES CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
200 77 4774 SHINE-WASTES A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SHINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
200 74 4781 SWINE-HASTES SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES GASE
200 73 4783 SWINE-WASTES SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HAST
200 74 4787 SHINE-WASTES UNAERATED LAGOON RESPONSE TO LOADING INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY KEYWORDS: LAGOONS SWINE-WA
400 78 4796 SWINE-WASTES LET SWINE WASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-STORAGE PITS LAS
100 72 4802 SHINE-HASTES STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCREIA DISPOSAL BY METHANE. FERMENTATI ON 1. BASIC EXPERIMENT ON CO
100 72 4803 SWINE-WASTES STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE. FERMENTATION II. OPTIMUM LOAD AND COMPA
200 77 4808 SHINE-HASTES PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYWO
200 77 4809 SHINE-HASTES WASTEHATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SHINE KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING HASTE
200 77 4810 SHINE-HASTES NITRATE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION DITCH KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES OXIDATION-D
400 77 4831 SHINE-HASTES FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. CONFINEMENT-PENS
400 78 4832 SWINE-WASTES GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYWORDS: GRAV1TY-DRAIN-SYS
400 78 4846 SHINE-HASTES FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SHINE PENS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FLUSHING DESIGN
100 77 4853 SHINE-HASTES THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPON SHINE MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES ODOR A
100 77 4868 SWINE-WASTES THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTIJN RATES KEYWORDS'. SWI
700 74 4882 SWINE-HASTES A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SHINE HAST
700 74 4885 SHINE-WASTES A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SHINE HASTE KEYHORDS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SHINE
100 76 4891 SHINE-WASTES AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE OE-HATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
100 77 4893 SHINE-HASTES THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
100 77 4895 SWINE-WASTES NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION WITH RATS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA GROWN ON SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: LI
200 77 4896 SWINE-WASTES DEHATERING A SWINE MANURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION KEYHORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES SHINE-WA
400 78 4897 SWINE-WASTES MANURE CAN SLICE FERTILIZER NEEDS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION W
400 78 4910 SWINE-WASTES SULFA RESIDUES IN SHINE STILL A PROBLEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-SULFA RESIDUES H1THDRAHAL-PERID
300 4916 SWINE-HASTES METHANE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ANA
300 4920 SHINE-HASTES FERTILIZER VALUE OF SHINE MANURE KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES FERTILIZERS WASTE-COMPOSITION W
400 77 4936 SHINE-HASTES GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES ODOR AIR-POLLUTION GRAVITY-DR
100 77 4945 SHINE-WASTES EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
300 78 4951 SWINE-HASTES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINEO ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
200 77 4961 SWINE-WASTES VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: VEGETATIVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEDL
200 77 4966 SHINE-HASTES EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SWINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS'
400 78 4977 SWINE-WASTES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: SWINE
400 78 4978 SWINE-WASTES GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS WITH CORNLAGE KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
300 77 4982 SWINE-WASTES PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
100 75 4986 SHINE-HASTES VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
100 77 4987 SHINE-HASTES QUANTITATION OF INOOLE AND SKATOLE IN A HOUSED SHINE UNIT KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES CONFIN
400 74 4988 SHINE-HASTES PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYHORDS. SWINE-WASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES H
400 74 4990 SHINE-WASTES ENGINEERS OUTLINE HASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
100 77 4993 SHINE-WASTES BIOGASIFICATI ON USING N40H TREATED PIG FAECES KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES SWINE-WASTES CHEM
300 75 5002 SWINE-HASTES SELECTING A SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS. SWINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS OESI
200 76 5005 SHINE-WASTES EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING AND OPERATING A FIELD SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYWORDS: ANAERO
100 77 5014 SHINE-HASTES FLUSHING PIGGERY WASTES KEYWORDS: FLUSHING SHINE-WASTES DESIGN EFFLUENT
200 74 5017 SHINE-HASTES MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY AND SWINE HASTE SLURRIES KFYHOROS: SE
300 78 5055 SWINE-WASTES SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT—AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYHORDS: SWINE
100 78 5056 SWINE-WASTES FLUSHiNG SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYHOROS: SWINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING DESIG
100 78 5060 SWINE-HASTES DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
100 77 5061 SHINE-HASTES CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SWINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
100 77 5062 SHINE-WASTES FERMENTATION OF SWINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYHORD
100 73 5085 SWINE-WASTES THE EFFECT OF APPLYING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY TO GRASSLAND KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLI CAT I
300 77 5088 SWINE-HASTES FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS: 1.BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER — TERRINGTON EHF REPORT
100 74 5089 SWINE-WASTES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS WITH PLOUGHEO-IN STRAW IN THE CR
200 78 5100 SHINE-HASTES RECYCLING SWINE HASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SWINE-WASTES SW
200 78 5110 SHINE-WASTES WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYHORDS: SWINE-HASTES HASTE-STORAGE LI
200 78 5113 SHINE-HASTES HETHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SWINE DRYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
110
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 77 5135
100 78 5144
400 75 5157
100 76 5159
400 78 5168
100 78 5171
300 78 5172
100 77 5181
300 78 5183
100 73 5184
100 78 5186
200 78 5195
300 78 5204
300 77 5205
400 78 5206
400 78 5223
500 76 5225
400 78 5228
200 78 5230
100 77 5240
100 77 5242
100 77 5243
100 77 5244
100 77 5245
100 77 5246
100 77 5247
100 77 5252
500 77 5279
500 77 5284
500 77 5291
500 77 5292
500 77 5294
500 77 5295
500 77 5296
500 77 5298
500 77 5300
100 77 5303
100 78 5309
400 78 5312
700 74 4885
200 76 4736
200 77 4959
500 77 5290
300 77 5049
200 74 4748
200 76 4733
200 74 4757
200 74 4759
200 77 4773
100 77 4853
100 78 4B58
200 77 4867
400 77 4887
100 77 4893
700 74 4908
100 77 4934
200 77 4966
400 78 4974
100 78 5060
300 78 5065
100 78 5136
200 76 5199
300 78 5201
200 77 5237
100 77 5242
300 75 4701
300 74 4960
400 78 4849
600 4917
400 78 5189
300 78 5152
100 72 4802
100 72 4803
100 77 5181
500 76 5225
100 77 5247
500 77 5284
100 78 5041
100 78 5043
300 77 5035
100 77 5239
400 78 4973
200 77 4768
200 78 5106
100 77 4862
200 77 4767
200 -77 4769
100 77 4856
200 77 4867
200 78 4947
300 77 4982
200 78 5227
100 77 5303
100 75 4679
200 71 4762
200 77 4807
100 76 4827
300 76 4870
400 78 4909
100 77 4993
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINt-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHIHE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE-HASTES
SHINE- ASTES
SHINE- ASTES
SHINE- ASTES
SHINE- ASTES
SHINE- ASTES-ORIED
SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS
SYSTEM-ANALYSIS
TANK-HAGONS
TECHNIQUES
TEMPERATURES
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE-GRAEME
TEXAS-LAH
TEXAS-LAH
THERMONETICS
THERMONETICS
THERMONETICS
THERMQNETICS-INC
THERMOPH IL 1C
THERMOPHIL 1C
THERMOPHILIC
THERMOPHILIC
THERMOPHILIC
THERMOPHILIC
TH10CARBAMIDE
THIOCARbAMIDE
THIOLS
THRESHOLD-DILUTION
TILAPIA
TIME- MOT ION-ANALYS
TOTAL-KJELDAHL-NIT
TOTAL-NITROGEN
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOTAL-SOLIDS
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG HANURE KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HAST
CARBON NITROGEN RATIO AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYHORDS1. ANAEROBIC DIGEST
NEH SLURRY COMPOSTING PROCESS KEYHORDS: COMPOSTING SLURRIES EQUIPMENT-COMPOSTING CATTLE
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SHINE HASTE KE
RECYCLED SHINE HASTE FED IN GROHING-FIN ISHING DIET KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES REFEEDING SHI
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SHINE HASTE APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
SHINE HASTES AS A NUTRIENT SOURCE IN GROHING-FINISHING SHINE RATIONS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HA
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAH BY ACTINOMYCETES KEYHOROS: HASTE-TREA
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES: A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR THE SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION OF SLURRIES KEYHOROS: SLURRIES SE
MODEL STUDY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: VENTILATION SHINE
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE MANURE KEYHORO
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SHINE OF ENSILED SHINE HASTE AND GROUND COR
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
COLOR THESE LAGOONS PURPLE KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES PURPLE-SULFUR-BACTERIA
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTEO-FLO
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT T
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM HASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS KEYHORDS'. SHINE-HASTE
A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATED ANAEROBIC DIGESTER KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS SHIN
SAMPLINGt CHARACTERISATION AND ANALYSIS OF MALOOOURS KEYHORDS: DOOR SHINE-HASTES POULTR
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODORANTS HI
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG HASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-ST
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AIR [N PIG HOUSES KEYHORDS: ODOR SHINE-HASTES SPECTROPHOTOMETR
ODOURS ARISING FROM THE LAND-SPREADING OF PIG SLURRY KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION SHINE-H
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SHINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYHOROS: HASTE-STORAGE SHINE-HASTES A
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEOOOR1ZAT I ON KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES SLURR
DEODORI ZATION 8Y MEANS OF OZONE KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTR.OL OZONE SHINE-HASTES ANIMAL-HEALTH
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SHINE HASTES KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-REMOVAL
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF P[G FEEOLOT HAST6HATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: SHINE-HAST
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF LARGE SHINE FEEDLOT HASTES KEYHORDS: ECONOMIC
COST OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS HASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS HATER-POLLUTION CA
SHINE FEEOLOT UASTEHATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTEHATE
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES LIQUID-HASTES
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYHORDS; FEEDLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SHINE-HASTES LIQUID
FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA KEYHORDS: FEEOLOTS SHINE-HASTES DA IRY-1NOUSTRY POL
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY HASTE. 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CON
UTILIZATION OF SHINE MANURE IN A POLYCULTURE OF ASIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN FISHES KEYHORD
AGRICULTURAL HASTES IN FISH FARMING KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES CATTLE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF RECYCLED SHINE HASTE KEYHOROS: REFEEDING SHINE-HASTES SHINE
HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSIEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTUCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: SYS
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES BY IRRIGATION IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHORDS: LANO-APPLICAT
REFEEDING HASTES TO DAIRY CATTLE KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DEHYDRATI
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING MODEL FOR MANURE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECEDING EVAPORATIVE I
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN EFFLUENTS KEYHORDS'. MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HASTES
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYHORDS. COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-HASTE
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF BEEF MANURE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC-DIGES
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION UPON SHINE MANURE ODORS KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES ODOR A
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYHOROS: POULTRY-HAS
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING \ HIGHEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES ANAE
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHORDS'. FARM-HASTES COMPOSTING ODOR-CONTROL
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGD
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS KEYHOROS: OXI
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL HASTE DIGESTION KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERATION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A SHINE-HASTE ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHOROS
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYHOROS
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER HASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYHOROS: DEHYDRATION
FERMENTATION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS' FERMENTATION METHANE GAS-PRODUCTION ANAER
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP STACKED BROILER LITTER HITH TIME KEYHORDS: POULTRY-L
THE CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS INFILTRATION INTO SOIL KEYHORDS: LIOUID-
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANALYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING ODORANTS Hi
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SHINE OPERATIONS KEYHORDS. SHINE FEEOLOTS AI
FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYHORDS. FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAH PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE GAS KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES RECYCL
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT. I. BACKGROUND AND DESIGN CRITERIA KEYWORDS. RECYCLING CATTLE-HA
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS HOME FIRES BURNING KEYHOROS: RECYCLING THERMONETICS METHANE REFEED
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS: RECYCLING LIVESTOCK-HASTES POULTRY-WA
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTATION. I BASIC EXPERIMENT ON CO
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EXCRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE FERMENTATION. II. OPTIMUM LOAD AND COMPA
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAH BY ACT INOMYCETES KEYHOROS: HASTE-TREA
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS: HASTE-TREATMENT T
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEODORIZAT I ON KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SHINE-HASTES SLURR
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF PIG FEEDLOT HASTEHATERS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYHOROS: SHINE-HAST
USE OF THIOCARBAMIDE TO CONTROL HOUSE FLIES IN CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYHOROS: FLY-CONTRO
THIOCARBAMIDE AS AN INSECTICIDE HHEN APPLIED TO CAGE LAYING HEN FECES KEYHORDS: FLY-CON
SOURCE ASSESSMENT—BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: CATTLE OUSTS GAStS AMMONIA THICLS AIR
MEASUREMENT OF ODOUR INTENSITY IN FARMING SITUATIONS KEYHORDS: ODOR-MEASUREMENT CHEMICA
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEfcDLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYHORDS: LIQUID-HASTES HASTEHATER-TRE
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION TI
UINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYHOROS: LAND-APPLI CAT I ON AGRIC
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER LITTER—CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF CHLORIDE, NITRATE NITROGEN
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE HITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS: ANAEROBIC D
RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYHORDS FEEDLOT-RUNOFF H
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES ANAE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTE
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDHEST KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES LAGUONS ODOR BA
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS FILTERS KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF S
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY HASTE 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CUM
NOTE ON OETOXICATION OF LINDANE BY FARMYARD MANURE KEYHORDS: INSECTICIDES UINDANE SOIL-
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED HITH LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS ACCIDENTS MANAGEMENT
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF BASS DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX DURING GROWTH 1
APPLICATION OF SEHAGE TO CROPLAND—APPRAISAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
LIQUID MANURE CAN RELEASE DEADLY GASES KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES GASES TOXICITY SAFETY
BIOGASIFICATION USING NAOH TREATED PIG FAECES KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES SHINE-HASTES CHEM
111
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 5011
200 76 5071
300 78 5139
400 78 5185
500 77 5276
300 78 5055
200 78 5156
100 75 4678
200 78 5156
300 78 5183
400 78 5236
500 77 4907
700 76 4942
100 77 4945
100 77 4946
300 78 5023
100 77 5118
400 78 5126
300 78 5188
500 77 4900
100 77 4892
100 77 5179
1DO 73 4689
400 77 5004
100 77 5016
100 76 5021
300 72 4821
400 78 4837
300 77 4865
400 78 4983
100 77 4991
100 77 5032
100 78 5053
100 77 4892
100 76 4827
100 78 4878
100 78 5136
200 71 4788
400 77 4672
200 77 4961
200 77 4872
200 74 4757
200 77 4775
200 74 4781
200 73 4783
200 76 4785
400 77 4831
400 78 4871
400 78 5011
100 78 5053
400 78 5163
100 78 5186
300 78 5218
100 77 5258
200 76 4729
300 78 5176
100 78 4912
100 77 4914
100 77 5240
100 76 4843
100 77 4934
200 77 1769
100 77 5243
100 77 5241
100 77 4934
200 77 4769
200 77 4867
200 78 4947
200 77 4957
300 77 4982
700 76 4795
200 76 4744
200 77 4772
200 77 4959
100 78 5216
500 77 5288
500 77 4902
100 78 4694
200 77 4770
200 77 4809
400 78 4931
500 76 4965
400 78 4973
400 78 4977
100 78 5056
200 78 5109
400 78 5211
300 74 4752
400 78 4973
500 77 5294
500 77 5295
200 77 4768
200 77 4943
100 77 5020
300 78 5037
100 75 4986
100 77 5061
100 75 4670
100 72 4673
100 70 4676
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOXICITY
TOX IC-MINERALS
TOXIC-MINERALS
TRACE-ELEMENTS
TRACE-ELEMENTS
TRACE-ELEMENTS
TRACE-ELEMENTS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRACE-MINERALS
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTING
TRANSPORT
TREADING
TRICHOOERMA-VIRIDE
TRICHOOERMA-VIRIDE
TRICHOSTRONGYLE-IN
TURBIDITY
TURKEYS
TURKEYS
TUKKEYS
TURKEYS
TURKEYS
TURKEYS
UNLOAD ING
UREA
URIC-ACID
VAPOR-DIFFUS ION-CO
VECTORS
VEGETATIVE-FILTERS
VEGETAT I VE-F ILTER-
VEGETATIVE-SOIL-FI
VENT RAT ION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENT ILAT ION
VENT I L AT ION
VENTILAT ION
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
VENT ILAT ION
VENTILATION
VENT ILAT [ON
VENTI LATION
VIRUSES
VIRUSES
VISCOSITY
VISCOSITY
VOLATILES
VOLAT ILE-AC IDS
VOLATILE-ACIDS
VOLATILE-FATTY-ACI
VOLATILE-FATTY-ACI
VOLATILE-GASES
VOLATILE-MATTER
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SOLIDS
VOLATILE-SUSPENDED
VOLATILIZATION
VOLATILIZATION
WASTELAGE
WASTELAGE
WASTELAGE
WASTEWATER-MANAGEM
WASTEWATER-RENOVAT
WASTEHATER-REUSE
WASTEWATER-REUSE
HASTEWATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-REUSE
WASTEWATER-REUSE
WASTEHATER-REUSE
WASTEWATER-REUSE
WASTEWATER-REUSE
HASTEHATER-TREATME
WASTEWATER-TREATME
WASTEHATER-TREATME
WASTEHATER-TREATME
HASTE-COLLECTION
WASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COLLECT ION
WASTE-COLLECTION
HASTE-COMPOS 1 I TON
HASTE-COHPOSITIN
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOS I T10N
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS: 41R-PDLLUTION PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CftTTLE-W
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN DPH FOR FEEDING KEYWORDS; REFEEDING POULTRY-HASTES-DRIE
DEATH IN A FARM WORKER ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC GASES FROM A LIOUID MANURE SYSTEM - HISCON
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS; REFEEDING POULTRY-WASTES SWINE PERFORMANCE NITROGEN TO
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR-CONTROL ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH TOXICITY HY
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT—AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS! SWINE
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS'. FERT
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEOLOT HASTES; A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
MANURE SPREADING BUILDS SOIL AND PROFITS KEYWORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS FERTILIZERS
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS; MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES LANO-APP
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT WASTE MANA
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIOUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND WATER KEYWO
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES LAN
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYWORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
ESTIMATING U S LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIVESTOC
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND HASTE HATERS KEYWORDS: ORGAN 1C-WASTES SOILS
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS! FEEDLOT-HASTES EQU1PMENT-MANURE-HA
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY: PROCESSES AND COSTS KEYWORDS: SEWAGE SLUDGE LAND-APPLICATION
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF FOULING BY GRAZING CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE DEFOLIATION TRE
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK KEYWORDS: RECYCLING ORGANIC-WASTES LIVESTOCK-WASTES ETHYL-ALCOHO
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS. FfcEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES REFEEDING SUBSTR
TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFESTATIONS IN AUTUMN ON PASTURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY BY COWS OR BY CAL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R DETERS-FABI AN J OETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY WASTE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES SOLID-WASTES TURKEYS LIQU1D-H
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES HASTE-
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS PDULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY UTIL
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION! AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYWORDS-
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
MECHANICAL MANURE HARVESTING FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-HASTES EQUIPHENT-MANURE-HA
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF BASS DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX DURING GROHTH I
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICR09IAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER WASTE ON A HEATED CONCRETE SLAB KEYHORDS: DEHYDRATION
SALMONELLA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS POSE A NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGNERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEOLOTS KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREATMENT OF FEEDLDT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: VEGETATIVE-FILTER-SYSTEMS FEEDL
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID WASTE FROM DAIRY AND FEEOLOT KEYHORDS: LI
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF [N-HOUSE'DRY ING OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF RIGID PLASTIC DUCTS FOR UNIFORM AIR REMOVAL FROM LIQUID MANURE PIT
SWINE BUILDING AIR CONTAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT VENTILATION KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES CASE
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WAST
VENTILATION OF TIE-STALL DAIRY BARNS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: VENTILATION DA IRY-1NOUSTRY PO
FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTSt IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES HASTE-REMOVAL M
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER KEYWORDS: AIR-PCLLUTI ON PUBLIC-HEALTH CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE-W
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN A TURKEY BARN ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS: AIR-POLLUTION BACTERIA TUR
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE MANAGEMENT DESIGN ECONOM
MODEL STUOY OF FIVE TYPES OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS; VENTILATION SHINE
DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS'- FLY-CONTROL DEEP-PITS POULTR
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U K INTO METHODS OF ODOUR CONTROL FOR FARMS KEYWORDS: OOOR-CONTR
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY DROPPINGS DECONTAMINATION AS RELATED TO FARM LEVEL MANAGEMENT
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
INFLUENCE OF B-GLUCANASE ON FEEDING VALUE OF BARLEY FOR POULTRY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGHAGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY AND THEORETICAL HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLO
SAMPLING, CHARACTERISATION AND ANALYSIS OF MALODOURS KEYWORDS: ODOR SHINE-HASTES POULTR
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS. ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION POULTRY-HASTES V
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL HASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEHATICAL-MODELS
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWURDS: ANAEROBIC 0
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG WASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-ST
CHARACTERIZATION OF ODORS AND OTHER VOLATILE EMISSIONS KEYHORDS: OUOR-CONTROL VOLATILE-
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL HASTE DIGESTION KEYHORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SUE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS: ANAEROBIC D
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING 4 MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOK BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS; LIVESTOCK-HASTE
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR HASTEHATER KEYWORDS'- DAIRY-WASTES AER
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDHEST KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SCREENED DAIRY CATTLE WASTE USING A FIBER WALL REACTOR KEYWORDS
THE NITROGEN BALANCE SHEET KEYWORDS NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ORGANIC-HASTES SOIL-CHEMI
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NO.NPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL HAST
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: SYS
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND HASTE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: CAT
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS' REFEEDING
PROPERTIES OF HASTE HATERS KEYWORDS: HASTEWATER-MANAGEMENT HASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY A BARRIEREU WASTEWATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYHORDS
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNOHATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HOLD ING-PONOS LAGOON
WASTEHATER REUSE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR SHINE KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS FLUSHING WASTE
FARMING IN WASTE WATER MAY AID DEVELOPING NATIONS KEYWORDS: AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER-REUS
THE LAMAR 8 I0-CONVERSI ON PLANT DESIGN KEYWORDS: BIO-CONVERSION ANAEKQBIC-DIGESTI ON CATT
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-HASTES HASTEHATER-TRE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS: SHINE
FLUSHING SLAT WASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING OESIG
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-ST
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYWORDS'. CATTLE-WASTES FLUSHING HA STE-STORAGE RECYCLING
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS- FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE WATER-TREATMENT BIO
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR FEEOLOT UTOPIA-PART THREE KEYWORDS-' LIQUID-WASTES HASTEWATER-TRE
SWINE FEEDLOT HASTEHATER TREATMENT IN ROMANIA KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES FCEDLOTS WASTEWATE
FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT I-N UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES LIOUID-HASTES
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION TI
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYWORDS: AN I HAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
STUDIES WITH HORSES COMPARING 4N-HC1 INSOLUBLE ASH AS AM INDEX MATERIAL WITH TOTAL FECA
METHODS OF FECAL COLLECTION AND NUTRIENT LEACHING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES KEYHORDS: FI
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS IN N, P, K, MG AND DRY MATTER COMPOSTION OF CATTLE, PIG AND PO
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION OF SWINE HASTE-CORN MIXTURES K
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING ORY MATTER AND FER1ILIZER VALUE OF SLURRY— PRELIMINARY REPOR
THE CATTLE OUNG PATCH: 2. EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF THE SOIL, AN
FOULING OF PASTURES BY OUNG KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-WASTES PASTURES WASTE-COMPOSITION DEGRAOAT
112
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400 78 4681
300 77 4683
200 71 4687
100 78 4694
200 76 4705
200 76 4711
200 76 4712
200 76 4713
200 76 4719
200 76 4737
200 76 4739
200 76 4740
300 74 4752
200 74 4758
200 74 4759
200 77 4767
200 77 4769
200 77 4770
200 74 4787
400 77 4790
400 77 4791
400 78 4796
400 77 4798
700 76 4805
200 77 4806
200 77 4808
700 75 4812
400 78 4837
400 78 4840
100 78 4842
100 77 4856
300 77 4865
200 77 4867
100 77 4868
100 70 4874
100 78 4879
100 76 4891
100 77 4893
400 78 4697
500 77 4900
500 77 4901
500 77 4902
500 77 4907
300 4920
700 76 4921
300 77 4923
100 78 4929
100 77 4934
300 77 4937
100 77 4945
100 77 4946
200 78 4947
100 75 4948
100 78 4954
200 77 4957
300 77 4982
400 78 4983
100 78 5015
200 77 5019
300 78 5023
100 77 5032
100 78 5052
300 78 5055
100 78 5060
100 77 5062
200 76 5069
200 76 5070
300 78 5079
300 77 5088
100 74 5089
200 78 5100
200 78 5101
200 78 5107
200 78 5109
200 78 5115
100 77 5118
500 77 5123
200 76 5125
400 78 5126
300 78 5131
200 78 5156
300 78 5183
300 78 5188
300 78 5194
300 78 5202
300 78 5204
300 77 5205
400 78 5207
300 74 5213
400 78 5222
500 76 5225
300 77 5226
100 77 5243
100 77 5246
100 77 5247
100 77 5248
500 77 5277
500 77 5289
500 77 5293
500 77 5296
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
HASTE-COMPOSITION
WASTE-COMPOSITION
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZER VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS KEYUORDS: POULTRY-HASTES LAND-APPLICATI
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE HASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-W
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY A BARRIERED WASTEHATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYWORDS
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYWORDS'. LIVESTOCK-HASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES POULTRY-HASTES CATTLE-WASTES SH
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY Ke
THE YIELD EFFICIENT NITROGEN PORTION IN TREATED AND UNTREATED MANURE KEYHOROS: LIVESTOC
SOILi WATER, PLANT RELATIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS FROM LIVES
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS ON MANURE PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: FARM-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE AERAT
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR MANURES-COMPARISON BETHEEN COUNTRIES OF THE EEC, 2ND APPROXIMAT
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS' FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTEHATER-TREATMENT BIO
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT MANURE KEYWORDS! DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING SYSTEM EVALUATION KEYWORDS'- COMPOSTING MICROORGANISMS DAIRY-WASTE
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE WITH DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-HASTES
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FOR POULTRY MANURE KEYHORDS'. ANAEROBIC 0
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON GROUNOHATER QUALITY KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES HOLDING-PONDS LAGOON
UNAERATED LAGOON RESPONSE TO LOADING INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY KEYHORDS'. LAGOONS SHINE-HA
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN BROILER DIETS KEYWORDS.' REFEEDING P
RECYCLED POULTRY HASTES OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO COW-CALF OPERATORS KEYHORDS'. REFEEDING
LET SHINE HASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE PITS LAG
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL HASTE KEYHOROS: DAIRY-WASTES SEWAGE-SLUDGE FERTILIZERS LAND-APPL
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SEPARATION-TECHNIQUES
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS; DA
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYHO
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL OXIDATION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY HASTE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES SOLID-HASTES TURKEYS LIQUID-W
FEEOLOT SELLS MANURE KEYHOROS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-HASTES FLUSHING
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CATTLE HASTE FOR LAMBS AND GROHING-FIN ISHING CATTLE KEYHOR
RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF H
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY MANURE KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING 4 MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY LAGOON KEYWORDS'. DAIRY-WASTES ANAE
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM 32P04 DISTRIBUTION RATES KEYWORDS: SWI
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF SOME ORGANIC HASTE MATERIALS UNDER ANAEROBIC METH
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF. I INFLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EXTREMES IN DIET, H
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYWORDS'. SWINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
MANURE CAN SLICE FERTILIZER NEEDS KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES FERTILIZERS LAND-APPLICATION W
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES AND HASTE WATERS KEYHORDS: ORGANIC-HASTES SOILS
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES KEYHORDS: LAND-APPLICATION ANIMAL-HASTE
PROPERTIES OF HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS: HASTEWATER-MANAGEMENT HASTE-COMPOSITION BIOLOGICAL
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE UTILIZATION KEYWORDS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LAND-APP
FERTILIZER VALUE OF SHINE MANURE KEYHOROS: SHINE-WASTES FERTILIZERS HASTE-COMPOSITION W
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP GROWTH KEYHORDS: CATTLE-HASTES
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION AND UTILIZATION-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION KEYHOR
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CYLINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS: ROTATING-FLIGHTEO
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE DIGESTION KEYWORDS: MATHEMATICAL-MODELS
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION GROUNDWATER-POL
EFFECTS ON SOLID AND LIQUID BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS A
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND WATER KEYWO
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTE
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND GREEN MA IZ
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEOLOT MANURE KEYHOROS: CATTLE-HASTES FEEDLOTS HASTE-COMPOSITI
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF MANURES AND MILKING PARLOR HASTEHATER KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES AER
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES LAGOONS ODOR BA
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILIZER KEYWORDS: TURKEYS POULTRY-WASTES FERTILIZERS PHOSPHORUS POT
A REVIEH OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGE
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYHORDS
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AM IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS SHINE-
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY: EFFECT OF DRYING K
FERMENTATION OF SHINE WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR ANIMAL FEED: PILOT-PLANT STUDIES KEYWORD
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES ENSILING REFEED
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR VEGETABLES AND HYDRUSEEDING KEYWORDS: POULTRY-WASTES CHEMICAL-
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS: REFEEDING SAFETY ANIMAL-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH COPPER-TOXI
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS- 1. BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER -- TEKRINGTON EHF REPORT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID MANURE OF CATTLE AND PIGS HITH PLOUGHEO-IN STRAW IN THE CR
RECYCLING SWINE HASTE IN A GROWING-FINISHING RATION KEYWORDS'. REFEED1NG SWINE-HASTES SH
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN KEYHORDS: KEFEEOING FEEDLOT-W
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MANURE IN NEW YORK STATE KEYWORDS' NONPOINT-S3URCES LEGAL-ASPECTS M
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-HATER STORAGE KEYHOROS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-ST
SURFACE APPLICATION AND INJECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES LIQUID-
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN UN THE YIELD AND MINERAL
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-WASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEOLUT HASTES KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE OF BROILER LITTER VARIES KEYUORDS: POULTRY-LITTER RECYCLING H
A MANUAL ON- EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES'. A CHEMICAL AND MICROB1AL PROFILE
ESTIMATING U.S. LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE AND NUTRIENT PRODUCTION KEYHORUS: LIVESTOC
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS' WATER-PULLUI I ON AIR-POLLUT
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION BY SHINE OF ENSILED SWINE H4STE AND GROUND COR
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTFS DIGESTERS METHANE AGITATION
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE ON YOUR ALF4LFA KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES DAIRY-WASTES LAND-APP
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEEOLUTS IN GEORGIA KEYWORDS: FFEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES SO IL-CONTAMINA
HASTIGATION KEYHOROS: CATTLE-HASTES IRRIGATION WASTE-COMPOSITION LAND-APPLICATION ECONO
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYHOROS: HASTE-TREATMENT T
METHANE GENERATION FROM HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING METH
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG HASTES KEYHOROS' HASTE-ST
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SWINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYWORDS'- HASTE-S TDK AGE SHINE-WASTES A
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG SLURRY DEODORIZAT I ON KEYHORDS: ODOR-CONTROL SWINE-WASTES SLURR
VEAL-CALF MANURE DEODOR I ZAT I ON BY SURFACE AERATION KEYWORDS'. ODOR-CONTROL C ATTL E- HA STE S
BIO-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FEEDLOT HASTES KEYHORDS' HASTE-COMPOSITION FEEDLOTS WASTE
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTES FOR CROP PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: LIQUID-WASTES FERTILIZERS LA
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES IN THE GDR KEYWORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-DISPOS4L HASTE-COHPO
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
113
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100 77 5303
100 69 4697
200 76 4727
200 71 4747
300 77 4751
200 74 4758
200 73 4783
700 73 4884
100 76 5018
100 65 5133
400 77 5193
500 77 5266
500 77 5273
500 77 5293
500 77 5296
200 78 5102
200 76 4727
200 76 4734
200 76 4736
300 78 4745
200 74 4758
300 76 4814
400 78 4828
400 77 4831
400 78 4832
400 78 4835
400 78 4840
400 77 4875
400 74 4988
400 74 4990
200 77 4994
200 77 5019
400 78 5059
200 78 5128
300 78 5131
400 76 5151
200 78 5154
200 78 5155
400 78 5223
500 77 5267
500 77 5277
500 77 5278
500 77 5292
500 77 5297
200 78 5128
200 78 5112
300 77 4913
400 78 4871
500 77 5278
500 77 5279
500 77 5280
200 76 4706
200 76 4712
200 76 4724
200 76 4726
200 76 4727
200 76 4731
200 76 4732
200 76 4736
200 76 4739
200 75 4750
200 74 4758
200 77 4771
200 77 4774
200 73 4782
400 78 4796
200 77 4806
200 72 4818
400 78 4828
400 77 4831
400 78 4832
400 78 4835
400 78 4840
100 77 4854
100 77 4856
100 77 4864
400 77 4875
700 74 48B2
100 76 4891
300 4920
200 77 4943
400 78 4975
400 78 4978
400 74 4990
300 75 5002
400 78 5009
100 78 5052
100 78 5056
300 78 5063
400 78 5067
200 76 5075
200 78 5102
200 78 5109
200 78 5110
200 76 5125
300 77 5129
100 78 5148
400 78 5151
200 78 5154
300 78 5194
ASTE-COMPOSITION
ASTE-DISPOSAL
ASTE-DISPOSAL
ASTE-DISPOSAL
ASTE-DISPOSAL
ASTE-DISPOSAL
ASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DI SPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
HASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-DISPOSAL
WASTE-HANDLING
WASTE-HEAP
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
WASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-MANAGEMENT
HASTE-PRODUCT ION
HASTE-PROPERTIES
HASTE-RECONSTITUTE
HASTE-REMOVAL
HASTE-REMOVAL
WASTE-REMOVAL
WASTE-REMOVAL
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
ASTE-STORAGE
ASTE-STORAGE
ASTE-STORAGE
ASTE-STORAGE
ASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
WASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY HASTE- 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DETENTION TIME AND MANURE CON
DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS'. HASTE-DISPOSAL LAND-APPLICATION ECONOMICS SPRAY-IRRIGATI
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-W
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY KEYUORDS: HASTE-DISPOS
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYHORO
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: CESIGN FEEOLQTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAS
SHINE HOUSING AND HASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES HAST
ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DAIRY FARMS IN THO REGIONS DOMINATE
COH SLURRY MANAGEMENT HITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BRIDGETS KEYWORDS: CATTLE-WASTES SLU
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES KEYHORDS: FARM-WASTES LAND-APPLICATION IRRIGATION EOUIPH
KEEPING DAIRY HASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS: DAIRY-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION
AGRICULTURE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUT
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECOLOGY KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS EPIDEMIOLOGY
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES IN THE GDR KEYWORDS' SLURRIES WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-COMPO
FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREADING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-H
TWO LEVELS OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS! MODEL-STUDIES HASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
COSTS OF SELECTED HASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYHOROS'. DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHORDS: DESIGN FEEOLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAHS KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR FEEDLOTS ZONING SITE-SELE
WHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUIO-HA
FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS
GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYWORDS: GRAVITY-DRAIN-SYS
MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYWORDS'- WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS'. HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
FEEOLOT ODORS KEYWORDS'. ODOR-1NTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT DOOR-CONTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAPER SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT HOUSING SLURRIES H
ENGINEERS OUTLINE HASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYWORDS'. SHINE-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
IMPACT OF STATE LAHS AND REGULATIONS OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES KEYHORDS: LEGAL
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGE
HELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYHOROS: FEEDLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICAT10
A MANUAL ON- EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYHORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DA IRY-INDUSTRY BEDOIN
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT WAS
MISSOURI'S SHOW-ME APPROACH TO 208 INVOLVEMENT KEYWORDS'. LEGAL-ASPECTS HATER-POLLUTION
MANAGING MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS SLATTED-FLO
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS-DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS WASTE-MANAGEMENT CATTL
BID-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS: WASTE-COMPOSITION FEEDLOTS HASTE
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYHORDS: DAIRY-WASTES SLURRIES SOLI
COST OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS HATER-POLLUTION CA
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS HASTE-MANAGEMENT FERTIL
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT LAND-APPLICATIO
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEALAND KEYWORDS' DAIRY-WASTES LAGOONS WAS
WASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS'. REFEEDING 0 1GEST I fl 1L T IY CATTLE PERFORMANCE WASTE-REC
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE HEN HOUSE KEYHORDS: FLY-CONTROL POULTRY-HOUSES HASTE-REMOVAL M
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES SOLI
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SHINE HASTES KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES HASTE-REMOVAL
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POULTRY HASTES KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES WASTE-REMO
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLUENT FROM LIVESTOCKS-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ITALY KEYWORD
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION OF PIG SLURRY-EFFECT ON FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL FERTILITY KE
EXAMINATION OF SOIL SAMPLES TAKEN UNDER SILAGE MANURE HEAPS AND IN MANURED FIELDS KEYHO
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MANURE BANKS IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYHORDS
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANOSPREAOING AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE KEYWORDS: SOLID-H
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYHORO
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLU
HASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLI CAT ION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS'. LIQUID-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE AERAT
ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR UNOERFLOOR MANURE: STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS WASTE
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS'. DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS KE
A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR CHOOSING AN OPTIMAL SWINE MANURE HANDLING SYSTEM
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A WASTE DISPOSAL PIT KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-STORAGE AERATIO
LET SHINE HASTES CUT YOUR FERTILIZER BILL KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE PITS LAG
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURF ACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYWORDS: DA
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
HHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS BEST KEYWORDS: WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONFINEMENT-PENS LIQUID-WA
FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS-CUT COSTS, IMPROVE ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS: CONFINEMENT-PENS
GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR FARROWING AND NURSERY FACILITIES KEYWORDS: GRAVITY-DRAIN-SYS
MORE ON WASTE HANDLING KEYHORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN CONCRETE-TRENCHES PLASTIC-LINE
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT FEECLOTS CATTLE LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT DIFFERENT MANURE STORAGES KEYHORDS: DES
RUNOFF FROM FEEOLOTS AND MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO KEYWORDS'. FEEDLOT-RUNOFF H
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING PONDS—NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RELATED MANAGEMENT ASPECTS KEYHOROS
FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS: ODOR-INTENSITY ODOR-MEASUREMENT ODOR-CONTROL WASTE-MANAGEMENT C
A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL OF SWINE HAST
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION, AEROBIC TREATMENT AND SLUDGE OE-HATERING SYSTEM FOR PIG SLURR
FERTILIZER VALUE OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES FERTILIZERS WASTE-COMPOSITION W
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
MANURE CONTAINMENT-SLURRY WITH THE CRUST ON TOP KEYWORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES SLURRIES HAS
GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS HITH CORNLAGE KEYWORDS: SHINE-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS SLURRIE
ENGINEERS OUTLINE HASTE DESIGN FACTORS KEYHORDS: SWINE-WASTES WASTE-MANAGEMENT DESIGN S
SELECTING A SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS: SWINE-WASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
EARTHEN HASTE BASIN KEYHORDS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE HAULING PICKET-DAM OETENTI
QUALITY VARIATION OF STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-WASTES WASTE-STORAGE FEEDL
FLUSHING SLAT HASTE HANDLING SYSTEM KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES FLUSHING DESIG
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS: HASTE-STORAGE DAIRY-HASTES FEEDLOT-RUNOF
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR CONTROL RULES KEYHORDS'. AIR-POLLUTION SULFATES ODOR-CONTROL LE
MARKETING MANURE KEYWORDS'. POULTRY-WASTES-ORI ED DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS HASTE-STORAGE L
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESOURCES IN THE UNITED STATES KEYW
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-HATER STORAGE KEYWORDS: MANURE-PITS HASTE-ST
HASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS KEYHORDS: SHINE-WASTES HASTE-STORAGE LI
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, INCLUDING FEEDLOT HASTES KEYHOROS: AGRICULTURAL-RESIDUES FEEDLOT
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE RUNOFF KEYHORDS: MODEL-STUDIES AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER STORAGE KEYHORDS: HASTE-STORAGE EARTHE
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRYMEN HANDLE MANURE KEYWORDS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT DA IRY-1NDUSTRY BEDOIN
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-MANAGEMENT WAS
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
114
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
400
400
200
100
100
500
500
500
500
400
200
200
200
300
500
500
500
300
400
100
200
200
200
100
200
200
100
200
200
400
100
100
100
100
100
400
100
400
300
300
300
200
300
400
500
200
100
100
100
100
500
300
500
500
500
500
400
300
300
200
100
400
300
100
300
300
700
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
100
300
300
200
200
700
200
300
300
300
500
300
300
300
200
100
400
300
100
300
100
300
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
77
76
74
75
77
77
77
76
78
78
76
76
76
77
74
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
77
78
78
78
77
76
77
78
78
76
77
78
77
78
77
78
73
77
76
78
77
77
77
77
78
76
77
78
76
77
77
72
74
75
74
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
78
77
77
76
77
77
76
72
72
73
76
77
77
73
74
77
76
75
76
78
77
77
5208
5211
5238
5243
5246
5265
5278
5279
5280
4797
4943
4726
4758
5002
5273
5279
5280
4690
4693
4694
4727
4732
4736
4746
4758
4765
4766
4806
4808
4848
4858
4878
4893
4958
4971
4974
4989
4999
5034
5055
5065
5068
5088
5091
5123
5127
5135
5159
5167
5181
5225
5231
5288
5296
5298
5301
5305
4925
4927
5105
5304
4672
4683
4696
4700
4701
4704
4705
4707
4716
4720
4721
4725
4731
4732
4734
4737
4745
4746
4751
4754
4772
4786
4804
4818
4821
4826
4870
4907
4937
4951
4960
4994
4997
4999
5002
5013
5023
5028
5047
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE
HASTE-STORAGE-POND
HASTE-TRANSFER
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TRANSPORT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
*ASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
HASTE-TREATMENT
WATERSHEDS
WATERSHEDS
HATER SHE D-HYDROLOG
WATER-CONSUMPTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTI ON
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
WATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTIOM
HATER-POLLUT I ON
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF CATTLE HASTE-STORAG
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH GUTTERS KEYHOROS: CATTLE-HASTES FLUSHING HASTE-STORAGE RECYCLING
USE OF CLIMATIC DATA IN ESTIMATING STORAGE DAYS FOR SOILS TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYHOROS: C
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALODOURS DURING ANAEROBIC STORAGE OF PIG HASTES KEYHORDS: HASTE-ST
OOOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID SHINE MANURE BY AERATION KEYHORDS.' HASTE-STORAGE SHINE-WASTES A
ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS FEEDLOTS DESIGN EFFLUENTS GASES ODOR ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-STORAG
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYHORDS: DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES SOLI
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SHINE WASTES KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-REMOVAL
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POULTRY HASTES KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-REMO
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE-PONDS LAND-APPLIC
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-HASTES MANAGEMENT DESIGN
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MANURE BANKS IN THE NETHERLANDS KEYHOROS
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYHORDS: DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MtNAG
SELECTING A SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHOROS: SHINE-HASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS OESI
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF CATTLE HASTES KEYHOROS: DAIRY-HASTES SLURRIES SOLI
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SHINE WASTES KEYHOROS: SWINE-HASTES WASTE-REMOVAL
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POULTRY HASTES KEYHOROS'. POULTRY-HASTES HASTE-REMO
GUTTER FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS: FLUSHING SHINE-HASTES DESIGN LAGO
LAGOONS-HHAT SIZE NEEDED FOR YOUR HERD KEYHORDS; OAIRY-HASTES LAGOONS ANAEROBIC DESIGN
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY A BARRIERED HASTEHATER RENOVATION SYSTEM KEYHORDS
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF LANDSPREAOING AND TRANSPORT DF MANURE KEYHORDS: SDLID-H
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF HATER RESOURCES KEYHORDS'. HATER-POLLU
WASTE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-APPLICATION OF FARM MODEL STUDIES AND SYS
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT HASTES HITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS: DESIGN FEEDLOTS CATTLE HASTE-MANAG
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF RECYCLING ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: RECYCLING HASTE-TREATMENT SH
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AOUACULTURE KEYWORDS: ZEOLITE
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRIENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-AERATED DAIRY STORAGE LAGOON KEYHORDS: DA
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES-NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR REMOVAL KEYHD
LIQUID COH MANURE GOES TO MARKET KEYWORDS. DAIRY-WASTES LIQUID-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT D
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POULTRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR LIVESTOCK FEED KEYHORDS: POULTRY-HAS
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND MICROBIAL ADAPTATION OF RUMINANTS FED FORMALDEHYDE TREATED POULT
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON KEYHORDS: SHINE-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT LAGO
HARVESTING ALGAE FROM LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYHORDS: LAGOONS HASTE-TREATMENT FLOCCULANTS BY-
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MANURES AND SLUDGES KEYWORDS'- CATTLE-HASTES
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING METHODS-TREATMENT AND USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SLURRY KEYHORDS
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MANURE HANDLING KEYHOROS: LIQUID-HASTES HA
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS: FEEDLOT-RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT
A METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING OPERATION— FIRST INTERIM TECHNICAL REP
SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT — AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYHORDS SHINE
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE: POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT AND IMPLEME
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONVERSION OF POULTRY HASTE TO ENERGY, FEED, OR FERTILI
FARM HASTE MANAGEMENT — PIGS- 1 BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION TOWER -- TERRINGTON EHF REPORT
SERPENTINE SYSTEM IS THE SOLUTION KEYWORDS SERPENTINE-HATERHAY FEEDLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-TR
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYHORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-HASTES HASTE-TRE
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY KEYWORDS'. RECYCLING GAS-PRODUCTI
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA EMERSONII ON PIG MANURE KEYWORDS: SWINE-HASTES HAST
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KE
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYWORDS1- SLURRIES HASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
THER"OPHILIC FERMENTATION OF PIG FAECES AND STRAW BY ACTINOMYCETES KEYHORDS: HASTE-TREA
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES BY THERMOPHILIC FUNGI KEYWORDS' HASTE-TREATMENT T
WATER QUALITY RENOVATION OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS KEYWORDS: LA
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS KEYWORDS'. REFEEOING
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS'. WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE KEYWORDS. FEEOLOTS POULTRY-HASTES SHINE-HASTES LIQUID
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT H CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS: FEEOLOTS LIQUID-HASTES LAND-APPLIC
COLORADO BIOGAS PLANT WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE KEYWORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-WASTES RECYCLING BI
MODELING PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF M
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT (ARM) MODEL - VERSION II. REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYWORDS
MODELING NITROGEN MOVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS KEYHORDS'. MODEL-STUDIES HATERSHEO
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON WATER CONSUMPTION, URINE EXCRETION AND
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE MODELS AND DATA FOR EVALUATING RURAL NONPOINT
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM WASTE MATERIAL KEYHORDS: SLURRIES PATHOG
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF EROSI
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE OPERATIONS KEYWORDS: SHINE FEEDLOTS AI
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER SOUTH RIVER NEAR HAYNES80RO, VIRGINIA KEYH
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY LAND SPREADING KEYHOROS: LIVESTOCK-WASTES EFFLUENTS LAND-APPLI
FARMYARD MANURE AND CROP PRODUCTION IN DENMARK KEYWORDS: SOLID-WASTES LIQUI0-HASTES OEN
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHIC AT I ON OF SURFACE WATERS IN RELATION! TO PHOSPHORUS MANURI
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND DENITRIFICAT1 ON IN A SANDY SUIL AS INFLUENCED BY MANURE APPLIC
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RETENTION IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS'. SWINE-WAST
HATER POLLUTION BY LIVESTOCK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION FISH-KILLS LIVESTOCK-H
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE, HANDLING AND SPREADING ON LAND KEYWORD
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLU
THO LEVELS OF MODELLING THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYHOROS: MODEL-STUD IES WASTE
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS LIN MANURE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FARM-HASTES LAND-APPLICATION E
COSTS OF SELECTED WASTE-HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS KEYHORDS' DAIRY-HASTES LEGAL-A
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALBERTA MEAT-PACKING PLANT HASTES WITH EMPHASIS ON SAL
DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT HASTES USING A TWO-STAGE PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY PRODUCTION KEYWORD
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF WATER QUALITY FACTORS IN A WATERSHED USED FOR MUN
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WAST
NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR WINTERING RANGE CATTLE KEYWORDS: CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYHORDS
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA DURING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS: PA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY VS ROBERT R OETERS-FAn I AN J DETERS-MARCELLUS J DETERS
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF NUN-POINT SOURCES OF PO
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO CROPLAND--APPRAI SAL OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE HEAVY METALS T
FUTURE DIRECTION OF HASTE UTILIZATION KEYHOROS: MUNICIPAL-WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES LANO-APP
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND OUR WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION GROUNDHATER-POL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM UNCONFINED ANIMAL PRODUCTION KEYHORDS: ENVIRONMENTA
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES KEYHOROS: FEEDLOTS TEXAS-LAH PERMITS LEGAL-ASPECTS
IMPACT OF STATE LAHS AND REGULATIONS OF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS: LEGAL
MOVEMENT OF NITRATES AND OTHER DISSOLVED SALTS FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE KINNERET KEYHO
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM CLEANS FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS: FEEOLOT-RUNOFF HASTE-TREATMENT
SELECTING A SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHOROS: SHINE-WASTES MANAGEMENT FLOORS DESI
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT:* SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, FEDERAL CO
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTES ONTO LAND KEYHORDS: FEEDLOTS CATTLE-HASTES LAN
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCHASTIC POLLUTION MODEL KEYWORDS- MODEL-STUDIES FEEDLOT-RUNOFF
EPA SBA LOANS FOR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYHORDS: HATER-POLLUTI ON ABATEMENT FINANCE SM
115
-------
KEYWORD INDEX (VOLUME VI)
100
200
<.oo
200
500
300
600
200
100
300
300
100
400
300
300
500
500
500
500
500
300
100
200
300
200
300
200
100
200
300
100
400
200
300
200
500
400
400
100
700
4UO
400
700
400
100
300
400
100
400
100
300
100
100
400
200
300
100
78
75
78
78
77
78
75
78
73
77
78
78
77
78
78
77
77
77
77
77
77
74
76
77
7B
77
78
76
78
76
78
78
77
78
76
77
78
78
77
76
78
77
76
78
77
78
78
77
77
75
78
75
77
78
78
76
76
5057
5083
5092
5113
5123
5131
5150
5155
5167
5169
5175
5178
5193
5194
5229
5272
5274
5292
5295
5296
5098
4703
4742
4927
5106
4913
5104
4827
5114
4964
5015
4675
4768
5202
4732
5285
5059
5234
4753
4804
4910
4789
4668
4680
5032
5183
5228
4766
4672
4678
5055
5081
5118
5143
5156
4814
4928
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTIDN
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
WATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUT ION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
HATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION
WATER-POLLUTION-AB
HATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUAL ITY
WATER-QUALITY
WATER-QUAL ITY
WATER-RECONSTITUTE
WATER-USE-EFFICIEN
WATER-VOLUME
WETLAND- DETENTION
WET-CHEMISTRY
WET-CHEHISTRY
WHEAT-STRAW
WHEEL-LOADERS
WHEY
WILTING
WINDROWS
WINDS
H INO
WIND-EROSION
Wl SCONSIN-LAW
W ITHDRAWAL-PER IOD
WORMS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
YEASTS
ZEOLITES
ZERO-DISCHARGE
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZINC
ZONING
ZOOPLANKTON
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST KEYWORDS: FISH-FARMING EFFLUENT-QUALIT
NON-POINT SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION NON-POINT-SOURCES AGRICU
FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE TO SOLVE HATER POLLUTION KEYHOROS: HATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECT
METHODOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVALUATING SHINE ORYLOT RUNOFF IMPACT ON COA
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-HASTES ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-TRE
A MANUAL ON- EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS KE
FEEOLOT RUNOFF CONTROL FROM POINT NON-POINT SOURCES KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS NPDES AGRIC
MISSOURI'S SHOW-HE APPROACH TO 208 INVOLVEMENT KEYHORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS HATER-POLLUTION
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ANIMAL SLURRIES KEYHORDS: SLURRIES HASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC A
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON FREE-LIVING AQUATIC CILIATED PROTOZOA KEYHORDS: FEEOLOT-RU
SEHAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL AND MICRO- BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS VO
NONPOINT SOURCES'. STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW KEYHORDS: NONPOINT-SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION
KEEPING DAIRY WASTE UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS: DAIRY-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION
MANAGING HORSE MANURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHORDS: WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUT
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAHS AND REGULATIONS IMPACTING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: LEGA
EFFLUENT REGULATIONS FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOTS IN THE USA KEYWORDS: HATER-POLLUTION POINT-SOU
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY ANIMAL-
COST OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS: HASTE-MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS HATER-POLLUTION CA
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UPPER SILESIA, POLAND KEYWORDS: SHINE-WASTES LI GUID-WASTES
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HUNGARY KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS FEEDLOTS SH
EPA SBA WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT LOANS FOR AGRIBUSINESS KEYWORDS: POLLUTION-CONTROL HA
AERATION, WATER QUALITY, AND CATFISH PRODUCTION KEYWORDS: FISH-PRODUCTION AERATION HATE
HARMONISATION OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING AND FOR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS KEYHORDS
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MANAGEMENT CARM) MODEL VERSION I I. REFINEMENT AND TESTING KEYHORDS
WINTER AND SPRING RUNUFF FROM MANURE APPLICATION PLOTS KEYWORDS: LAND-APPLICATION AGRIC
WASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER KEYWORDS! REFEEDING DIGESTIB ILTIY CATTLE PERFORMANCE HASTE-REC
HIGH VOLUME FLUSH DEVICES FOR ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS: FLUSHING DESIGN HATER-U
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NITROGEN EXCRETION OF BASS 01CENTRARCHUS LA8RAX DURING GROWTH I
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DETENTION FOR NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYHORDS: NONPOINT-SOUR
DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYHORDS: ANIMAL-WASTES ODOR MEASUR
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MALODORS FROM ANIMAL HASTES
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES METHANE PRODUCTION PROFITABLE IN FUTURE KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURAL-
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF FEEDLOT MANURE COLLECTION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS: HASTE-COLLECTION TI
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER LITTER ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS B
INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES KEYWORDS: WATER-POLLU
COMPOSTING OF FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS: COMPOSTING FEEDLUTS LIVESTOCK-HASTES HINDROHS CO
WELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE THEMSELVES KEYHORDS: FEEOLOTS MOUNDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN S
BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSIEMS—SUN, WIND BEST FOR HANDLING WASTE KEYWORDS: DESIGN CONFINEMENT
A REVIEW OF MULCHES TO CONTROL WIND EROSION KEYWORDS: HIND-EROSION MULCHES CROP-RESIDUE
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION—THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS KEYWORDS
SULFA RESIDUES IN SWINE STILL A PROBLEM KEYHOROS: SHINE-SULFA RESIDUES WITHDRAWAL-PER10
RED HIGGLERS-TURN WORMS TO PROTEIN SUP'PLEMENT-RES EARCHERS KEYWORDS: FEEDS RECYCLING WOR
CELLULOLYSIS [N FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS: FEEDLUT-HASTES CHEMICAL-TREATMENT PHYSICAL-TREA
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDITIVES IMPROVE LITTER RESULTS KEYWORDS: FEED-ADDITIVES FUNGICIDES L
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON SELECTED TURKEY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS KEYHORDS:
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT HASTES: A CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROFILE
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM WASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PRCFEIN PRODUCTS KEYWORDS' SHINE-HASTE
THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE KEYHORDS: ZEOLITE
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN LIVESTOCK FEEOLOTS KEYHORDS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF RUNOFF-CONTRO
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF FERTILIZERS AND MANURES KEYWORDS: FERT
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT—AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT KEYWORDS: SWINE
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLICATION OF P, K AND FARMYARD MANURE ON THE ZINC CONTENT OF SOIL
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE SLURRY AND INORGANIC FERTILISER NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND MINERAL
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE MAKES SENSE- CANADIANS KEYWORDS: REFEEOING CATTLE-WASTES PERFORMA
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED BY MANAGEMENT
ODOR REGULATION BY NUISANCE LAHS KEYWORDS: LEGAL-ASPECTS ODOR FEEDLOTS ZONING S1TE-SELE
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF CARP FRY IN FIRS
116
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SECTION 7
ABSTRACTS
This section contains the abstracts of the information entries contained
in the bibliography. Each entry includes the title of the informational ma-
terial, the author or authors, the bibliographic citation, keywords, and the
abstract. The abstracts are arranged sequentially by an assigned accession
number which specifically identifies the article in the collection. To the
right of the accession number are the animal information category code num-
bers assigned to the abstract entry.
117
-------
46&8-B3, C2, Dl, D2
CELLULOLYSIS IN
WASTE
G. K. Elmund
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Microbiol-
ogy, Colorado State University, Dec., 1976, 90
p 21 tab., 108 ref.
Keywords: Feadlot wastes, Chemical treat-
ment, Physical treatment, Cellulolysls, Sod-
ium hydroxide, Fermentation, Substrates,
Yeasts, Enzyme production.
The goals of this study were to: (1) develop
and evaluate techniques for enhancing the
susceptibility of feedlot waste cellulose to
cellulase and (2) to develop methods for
improving the rate of synthesis and yield of
celluiase during growth of Trlchoderma vlride
on feedlot waste substrates. Chemical treat-
ment with HPFS (mixtures of H£> and hfcSCU
or with sodium hydroxide, as well as physical
treatment by ball-milling, increased the rate
and extent of hydrolysis of feedlot waste with
cellulase. Hydrolysis product recoveries of
chemically treated substrates showed that
about half of the feedlot waste celluloses were
converted to simple sugars. In contrast, about
90 percent of the cellulosic constituents in
ball-milled samples were hydrolyzed with
cellulase. Paper chromatographic analyses
showed that about half of the total reducing
sugar present In hydrolysates of ballmilled
feedlot waste were accountable as glucose or
xylose equivalents. Also, over 90 percent of
the reducing sugar In feedlot hydrolysates was
assimilated during growth of the yeast,
Candida utllls. Dual culture fermentation of
feedlot waste with Trichoderma vlride QM
9414 and yeast reduced Incubation time for
maximum rate of synthesis and yield of
cellulase. Dual culture fermentations with QM
9414 and C. utllls, as well as zero-time
inoculation with both organisms, gave the
most consistent results for improved enzyme
production. (Merryman-East Central)
4669-C2, D2, E3, E4
CROP, LIVESTOCK RESIDUES: A
FUTURE SOURCE OF FUEL?
E. Merrifield
Crops and Soils Magazine, V. 30, No. 7, p.
10-11, April-May, 1978.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Forestry
wastes, Recycling, Pyrolysis, Fuels, Oil, Char,
Gas, By-product recovery.
Ed Soltes, associate professor of forestry at
Texas A&M University, is working on a
method of converting agricultural and forest
residues such as corn cobs and manure into
usable fuels. The process involves extracting
oils from the residue by pyrolysis and
converting them into various types of fuel. OH,
chS>', and gas are produced during pyrolysis
For each ton of material fed Into the pyrolysis
process, 25 percent of the weight yield Is oil,
25 percent Is char, and the rest Is gas and
moisture. The oil and char are high BTU
materials having 11,000 to 12,000 BTU/s per
pound. The char is a suitable coal substitute.
It is clean burning, smokeless, and contains
no sulfur. The char could also be used to
produce such products as activated charcoal
and carbon blacks. The gas produced during
pyrolysis is a low BTU gas (200-500 BTU's)
that is similar to natural gas. Because of our
dependence on petroleum technology, it may
be desirable to convert the oil Into a petroleum
substitute. The oil can be refined into a fuel
that will perform as adieael oil. It can also be
used as a synthetic gasoline, a gasoline
substitute, or a gasoline extender. The
economics of such recycling are unclear at
present. Sources of agricultural and forestry
wastes are cited. (Merryman-East Central)
4670-B2, Cl, C2
FIELD TEST FOR ESTIMATING
DRY MATTER AND FERTILISER
VALUE OF SLURRY --PRELIM-
INARY REPORT
An Foras Taluntais, Johnstown Castle Re-
search Centre, Wexford, England
H. Tunney and S. M. Molloy
Irish Journal of Agricultural Research, V. 14,
No. 1, p. 84-86, 1975. 1 fig., 1 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Specific
gravity, Dry matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Hydrometer.
Because there is a significant straight-line
correlation between specific gravity and
dry-matter content of pig slurry, a hydrometer
has been developed to estimate the dry
matter, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of
pig slurry. Studies on the estimation of the dry
matter, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of
cattle slurry by this method are In progress.
(Merryman-East Central)
4671-A12, Bl, C2
LIQUID MANURE
POSE DANGER
GAS MAY
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 25, p. 12, June 19,
1978.
Keywords: Air pollution, Health, Safety,
Liquid wastes, Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon
dioxide, Ammonia, Methane.
Toxic gases released from decomposing
manure such as ammonia, methane, carbon
dioxide and hydrogen sulfide can cause health
dangers. Concentrations as low as 10-15 pprn
can cause headaches, Irritation of the respira-
tory tract and mucous membranes, nausea
and dizziness. With concentrations over 1,000
ppm, fainting and death following respiratory
paralysis can occur with little or no warning.
There should be adequate ventilation with
exhaust fans and a stand-by generator. If a
manure pit must be entered, self-contained air
packs, safety harness and posting of reserve
workers outside the danger area are all good
precautions. (Merryman-East Central)
4672-A4, B2, C2, D3, E2
CONTROL RUNOFF FROM OPEN
LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTS
Anonymous
Crops and Soils Magazine, V. 30, No. 2, p.
22-23, Nov., 1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Runoff con-
trol, Feedlots, Zero-discharge, Vegetative
filters, Water pollution.
University of Illinois researchers are studying
zero-discharge and vegetative filter systems
to handle potential feedlot runoff. The
zero-discharge system requires cleaning
solids from the settling basin and removing
water from the holding ponds when neces-
sary. A recent study Indicates that potential
benefits from a holding pond include nutrient
value and a possible source of irrigation
water. Because of seasonal nitrogen and
phosphorus variation in the holding pond
water, emptying ponds In the spring will
provide maximum fertilizer benefits. How-
ever, ponds should also be emptied In the fall
to provide capacity for winter runoff. Vegeta-
tive filter areas may prove a less costly runoff
control system that requires less manage-
ment. Pastures, grassed waterways, or crop-
land could be vegetative filter areas although
current systems being studied have been
constructed for this specific purpose. These
are areas where runoff could be treated by
settling, filtration, dilution, absorption, and
infiltration. The portion of runoff that does not
Infiltrate into the ground will be treated by
moving through the vegetative filter and will
not pollute surface water beyond the filter.
This concept also seems to have potential for
reducing sediment and other pollutant contri-
butions to streams from agricultural non-point
sources. (Merryman-East Central)
4673-A8, C2, E2
THE CATTLE DUNG PATCH: 2.
EFFECT OF A DUNG PATCH ON
THE CHEMICAL STATUS OF
THE SOIL, AND AMMONIA NI-
TROGEN LOSSES FROM THE
PATCH
Agronomy Department, Massey University,
Palmerston North, New Zealand
B. N. MacDiarmid and B. R. Watkin
Journal of the British Grassland Society, V.
27, p. 43-54, 1972. 2 fig., 3 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Pasture, Sampling,
Soil chemistry, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas-
sium, Ammonia losses.
Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-1
inches and 1-3 inches five times during a
55-day period from under and around dung
patches deposited on pasture. The samples
were analyzed for available N, P, and K. N, P,
and K levels all rose significantly In the region
of the dung patch. K levels exhibited the
greatest Increase but no effect was detected
beyond the edge of the patch. Soil N changes
were smaller but were detected up to 6 Inches
from the edge of the dung patch. Although a
significant rise In P was detected, the effects
were not as great nor as consistent as with N
or K. These nutrients were probably respon-
sible for the consistent and persistent Increase
in grass growth around the dung patch.
During a 13-day experiment on ammonia
losses, up to 247 mg of free ammonia from the
dung patch was recovered In the cages
equivalent to 25 Ib N/ac. This loss was only
4.7 percent of the total N In the dung. Losses
of nutrients may be minimized by the persis-
tence of the organic material In the dung patch
which decays from the bottom upwards and
which tends to shed rain from the patch
region, (Merryman-East Central)
4674-All, B3, E3, Fl
ARIZONA RECYCLING TRIAL
ENDS SUCCESSFULLY
118
-------
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 18, No. 6, p. 18, June, 1978.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Corral Industries, Cat-
tle wastes, Cattle, Feedlots, Performance,
Economics.
Test cattle were fed processed bovine waste
from a portable manure recycling unit
developed and manufactured by Corral Indus-
tries of Phoenix, Arizona In order to demon-
strate the value of manure processed from
conventional drylot feed pens. Overall savings
was 6.7 cents per pound or $23.92 per head by
incorporating the processed waste Into the
ration. The waste fed cattle surpassed the
controls to which they were compared. Both
sets of cattle graded 60 percent Choice. The
nice part of the refeedlng system Is that It Is a
relatively simple process. The unit can be
plugged into any feedlot and a couple of days
training is all that it takes to operate the
recycling unit. (Merryman-East Central)
4675-C2, D3, E3
MONTANA RESEARCHER SEES
METHANE PRODUCTION PRO-
FITABLE IN FUTURE
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 24, p. 31, June 12,
1978.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Recycling,
Methane, By-product recovery, Wheat straw,
Lignln, Fermentation.
Dr. Jack Robbins, a professor of chemistry at
Montana State University, feels that fuel
prices are going up so much that at some point
In the future, even without Improved effici-
ency, it will be economically advisable to
produce methane gas from manure. However,
Robbins is trying to Improve the efficiency of
the processes that produce methane so that
more gas can be produced from agricultural
wastes. Robbins is currently working on
adding wheat straw as an additional energy
source for bacteria. Manure produces meth-
ane, but Robbins feels that addition of some
plant material will provide an additional
source of energy for gas production. The
problem has been that llgnln in the straw
inhibits the fermentation which produces gas.
Robbins is studying a biological means of
removing lignln. Robbins and Dr. Dave Ward,
a microbiologlst at MSU, are trying to figure
out what is In the fermentation of methane
that causes the bacteria to shift to acids
instead of methane gas once beyond a certain
high energy level. Robbins adds that other
products are created when methane produc-
tion takes place. One of the by-products is a
good source of fertilizer and the process also
renders manure into an edible feed for
livestock. Multiple products and greater
efficiency In methane production are two
avenues that must be looked at. (Merryman -
East Central)
4676-A8, All, Bl, Cl, C2, C3, E2
FOULING OF PASTURES BY
DUNG
Agricultural Research Institute of Northern
Ireland, Hillsborough, County Down, North-
ern Ireland
R. Marsh and R. C. Campling
Herbage Abstracts, V. 40, p. 123-130, 1970. 3
tab., 83 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Pasture, Waste
composition, Degradation, Grazing, Perfor-
mance.
This review examines the composition of dung
from grazing cattle, Its distribution on
pasture, factors which affect Its decomposi-
tion, and the effects of dung on the botanical
composition and yield of pasture, and on the
grazing behavior of cattle. The fact that cattle
reject dung-affected herbage Is now well
established, though the extent of this rejection
depends on grazing Intensity and the availa-
bility of alternative clean herbage. The utiliza-
tion of dung-affected herbage can be In-
creased, Chain harrowing pastures to acce.ar-
ate dung pat disintegration, Increasing ac-
ceptability of fouled herbage with sweetening
agents such as molasses, and treating the
herbage with salt and aniseed all have
drawbacks. Perhaps the most practical mea-
sure is adjustment of stocking rate. It has
been shown that as stocking rate Increases,
cattle tend to graze closer to dung-pats, thus
reducing the amount of rejected herbage. In a
study In which the forage Intake and produc-
tion of dairy cows grazing dung-fouled
herbage were compared with those of cattle
grazing clean herbage it was revealed that
although fouling reduced dally herbage
organic matter (OM) Intake as much at a low
as at a high grazing intensity, dally Intake of
digestible OM, milk yield, milk composition
and liveweight gains were not significantly
reduced by fouling. It Is suggested that If
more emphasis were given to milk yield/ha as
an index of good grazing management, rather
than to milk yield per cow or to sward
appearance, It is probable that less Import-
ance would be attributed by graziers to dung
fouling. (Merryman-East Central)
4677-A6, B2, D2
SWINE ODOR NOT LOWERED
MUCH BY CONTROL PRODUCTS
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 22, p. 14, May 29,1978.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Liquid wastes, Odor
control, Chemical treatment.
In a University of Illinois study, 24 commercial
odor control products were evaluated under
procedures simulating use in a typical swine
finishing unit with slotted floors and below-
floor pits. The odor control products failed to
give significantly lower odor levels or Im-
proved odor acceptability over untreated
samples. The researchers suggested that If an
odor problem exists, producers may use the
products at alternate treatment rates recom-
mended by the manufacturers. (Merryman -
East Central)
4678-A8, B3, C2, E2
NOTE ON SECONDARY AND
MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS
OF FERTILIZERS AND MA-
NURES
Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana 141 004, India
C. L. Arora, V. K. Nayyar, and N. S.
Randhawa
Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, V 45,
No. 2, p 80-85, Feb., 1975. 3 tab , 3 ref.
Keywords. Fertilizers, Poultry wastes. Live-
stock wastes, Land application, Soil chemical
properties, Crop lesponse, Heavy metals,
Trace elements
For maintaining a record of nutrients added to
the soil, It \a necessary to know the
concentration of secondary and micro-nutri-
ents which are supplied by the fertilizers, as
well as the contents of their primary elements.
This Investigation reports the data on 14
elements In 21 fertilizers and 4 manures.
Prepared extracts from fertilizers and ma-
nures were analyzed by using a direct-reading
emission-spectrophotometer and an atomic-
absorption spectrophotometer. The S content
was estimated according to the gravimetric
method. It was found that piggery manure
was richest In Mg, Zn, Cu, Fa, B, Cr and Pb
among manures, and Its Zn concentration was
higher than that In any of the inorganic
fertilizers except triple superphosphate.
Rotted poultry manure contained the highest
amounts of Ca, S, Mn, Mo, and Sr when
compared with other manures. Farmyard
manure was the poorest In all elements except
for Fe, Al, Pb and Co. The data showed that a
combination of low-analysis and straight
fertilizers supplied maximum amounts of Ca,
Mg, S, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co, Cr and Pb, while
other combinations of high-analysis or mixed
fertilizers except Sona Khad and NPK mixture
supplied relatively small amounts of second-
ary and micro-elements. Data suggested ;ha'
with a shift from single or low-aneiysls
fertilizers to high-analysis mixed or compound
fertilizers, depletion of Ca, S, Zn, Cu, Mn and
Mo may b&come the limiting factor In c?oc
production. (Merryman-East Central)
4679-A8, A9, SI, E2
NOTE ON
LINDANE
NUKE
OF
M.4.-
Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, In:1!,?
A. C. Gaur, S P. Magu, K. V. Sadaslvam, i~
S Mathur, and S. K. Kavimandan
Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, V. -A
No. r, p 329-332, July, 1975. 2 tab., 7 ref
Keywords: Insecticides, Llndans, Soil chem-
istry, Toxlclty, Crop response, Land applica-
tion, Detoxlcaiion.
Since the optimum amount of organic matter
needed for cietoxlcatlon of She Insecticide
lindane 13 not Known, s.r. experiment \y.p:
conducted with different levels of organic
matter io find out the optimum dosage which
could reverse the Inhibitory effect causec o •
the insecticide >n gram (deer srietiium I ;
Lindane did not Inhibit nodulstlon and pla.,
growth at 1 ppm, but rjose.3 hhhs. than 5 ppr-
proved toxic. At 10 anc 25 ppm of th-.
insecticide almost no nodule was formed. Th°
inhibitory effect caused by 5 ppm findane wa^
reversed when farmyard manure was u,!?£:
even at 0.2 percent carbon (sbjut 25 tons/r.;',>
Application at 0.4 percent cariDon counters:!
ed the toxicity caused by IO ppm lindans
-------
4680-A9, All, 33, C3, E2, E3
FUNGASTATIC FEED ADDI-
TIVES IMPROVE UTTER RE-
SULTS
Foodstuffs, Staff Editor
K. F. Chesney
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 22, p. 12, May 29,1978.
Keywords: Feed additives, Fungicides, Lit-
ters, Reloading, Poultry, Performance, Sorblc
acid, Adlpic acid, GV-11, Yeasts, Molds,
Bacteria.
University of Florida researchers tested three
fungastatlc compounds on new and used
litters using four dietary treatments: (1) a
control diet with no fungastatlc added, (2)
sorbic acid at 0.6 Ib/ton, (3) sorblc and adlpic
acid combination at 0.4 Ib/ton each and GV-11
at 2 Ib/ton. Six hundred male and 600 female
broiler chicks were fed these dlatary treat-
ments In the form of either fresh peanut-hull
litter or built-up peanut-hull litter used to
raise one previous flock for eight weeks.
Males exhibited the best weight gain on the
sorbic-adlplc acids combination. Females
gained most on the sorblc add treatment.
Feed conversion was most favorable on the
sorbic acid treatment at 2.10 and least
favorable on the sorbic-adlplc acids treatment
at 2.17. The sorblc acid and adlpic acid
combination proved most effective In depres-
sing microbiological growth (yeasts, molds,
aerobic and anaerobic bacteria). GV-11 and
sorblc acid alone also depressed yeast and
mold growth rates. Immediately following the
removal of the birds, the physical condition
(caking and appearance) of the litter was
scored by three persons Individually. Their
average scores showed that regardless of the
litter age, the control diet resulted in the
poorest litter condition The sorblc acids diet
resulted in the best litter condition, followed
by dietary sorbic acid and finally, the GV-11.
(Merryman-East Central)
4681-B1, C2, El
POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZES
VALUE CUTS FARM COSTS
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 26, p. 16, June 26,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Land application,
Pennsylvania, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphor-
us, Potassium.
Poultry manure produced In Pennsylvania
accounts for about one-half the fertilizer used
on many of the state's farms. Fresh poultry
manure or dried has a N-P-K rating of 5-5-2 on
a dry weight basis. Fresh manure Is about 25
percent dry matter. Most of the manure
fertilizes corn acreage into which it Is plowed
at a rate of 2 tons/acre If dry and eight
tens/acre If fresh or wet. If used on hay, grass
pasture or small grains, manure should be
used carefully, spread thinly and evenly and
never spread in dry weather. For best results,
the manure should be dried inside the poultry
house, worked into the soil shortly after
spreading, and spread 60 days before plant-
ing. (Merryman-East Central)
4682-All, 33, E3, Fl
POULTRY WASTES PROVIDE NI-
TROGEN SOURCE
Anonymous
Hoard's Dairyman, V. 123, No. 11, p. 722,
June 10, 1978.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Poultry wastes, Dairy
cattle, Milk production, Costs.
University of Maryland researchers conducted
teats In which flroups of 6 Holsteln cows each
were fed one of four diets. The diets consisted
of a corn-soybean meal concentrate supple-
mented with either: (1) 2 percent urea, (2)
17.2 percent dehydrated poultry excreta, (3)
26 percent dehydrated poultry excreta, and (4)
additional soybean meal. All diets contained
24 percent crude protein. The concentrates
were mixed with corn silage; concentrates and
silage each provided 50 percent of the dry
matter In the diet. Cows on all four diets
consumed about the same amount of feed.
Cows on the 17.2 percent dehydrated poultry
excreta supplemented diet produced 8 percent
more milk than those on the urea supple-
mented diet and 7 percent more milk than
cows on the 26 percent dehydrated poultry
excreta or soybean meal diet. Cost of the
concentrate per metric ton was $133 for the
urea supplemented diet; $125 and $119,
respectively, for the 17.2 and 26 percent
dehydrated poultry excretadiets; and $137 for
the soybean meal diet. Based on cost of
concentrate per kilogram of milk produced,
the dehydrated poultry excreta diets were
about 11 percent less expensive than either of
the two supplemented diets. (Merryman-East
Central)
4683-A4, Bl, C2, C3, F4
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION
OF LITERATURE MODELS AND
DATA FOR EVALUATING 1UHAL
NONPOINT NUTRIENT, SEDI-
MENT, AND PATHOGEN
SOURCES
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
J. A. Moore, C. A. Onstad, M. A. Otterby, H.
L. Person, and D. B. Thompson
Preliminary Identification of Literature Mod-
els and Data for Evaluating Rural Nonpolnt
Nutrient, Sediment, and Pathogen Sources,
University of Minnesota and ARS-USDA,
North Central Soil Conservation Research
Center, Morris, Minnesota, May, 1977, 223 p.
3 fig., 4 tab., 834 ref.
Keywords: Nonpoint sources, Water pollu-
tion, Minnesota, Nutrients, Sediment, Patho-
genic bacteria, Models, Waste composition.
This report: (1) reviews the literature related
to sources and transport of nutrients and
sediment from agricultural lands and the
literature related to survival and transport of
pathogens from animal waste, (2) Identifies
and evaluates current predictor models as
tools for assessing the effect of erosion and
fertilizers on surface water quality in Min-
nesota, and (3) Identifies and assembles data
sources anticipated to be necessary in
evaluating the effects of animal waste,
commercial fertilizers, soil losses and sedi-
mentation upon surface water quality in
Minnesota. (Merryman-East Central)
4684-A6, Bl, C2, Dl, D2, D3, E2
PUTTING THE LID ON ODOR
Department of Biological and Agricultural
Engineering, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
J. C. Barker
Hog Farm Management, V. 15, No. 6, P- 14,
16-18, June, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Odor control, Swine wastes,
Confinement pens, Hydrogen sulflde, Am-
monia, Amines, Mercaptans.
Swine producers must be aware of and
practice odor control measures In order to
operate compatibly with neighbors. Odorous
gases emitted during the handling of animal
wastes are mainly Intermediate and final
products of anaerobic decomposition. These
odorous gases are primarily hydrogen sulflde
and ammonia with minute but highly odorous
quantities of amines and mercaptans being
formed. Odor control measures Include the
following: (1) Locate facilities at least 1000 ft.
from the nearest Inhabited dwellings. (2)
Locate pollution control and waste treatment
facilities as remotely as possible from areas of
highest odor sensitivity. (3) Plant hedges or
rows of trees strategically to shield production
and waste management facilities from sight
and reduce the wind speed across these
facilities, allowing odorous gases more oppor-
tunity to rise vertically and dissipate into the
atmosphere. (4) Keep manured surfaces on
which animals are maintained clean and dry.
(5) Flushing systems which recycle lagoon
effluent for frequent removal of wastes from
open gutters and underslat collection pits help
control odor. (6) External liquid manure tanks
should be covered to control odor released
from stored manure either by a lid or by
maintaining a dry floating crust over the
manure surface. (7) Addition of lime to liquid
manure storage helps control the formation of
noxious gases, but large amounts are required
and it is fairly costly. (8) Properly maintained
anaerobic and aerobic lagoons help control
odor. (9) Use of masking or deodorizing
agents, counteractants, or biological inocu-
lants and enzymes may be used. Results have
been varied and not always successful. If land
spreading is used for terminal treatment or
reuse of animal wastes, the wastes should be
spread (or better yet, Injected) In the morning
on dry days with little wind. Application
should be on sites as far away from neighbors,
public roads, water supply systems, and
streams or impoundments as possible and
preferably downwind from neighbors. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4685-A6, Bl, F2
THE POLITICS OF ODOS
Anonymous
Hog Farm Management, V. 15, No. 6, p. 16,
June, 1978.
Keywords: Odor, Legal aspects, Nuisance
lawsuits.
Because few odorous substances are harmful
in normal concentrations and the U.S. Envir-
onmental Protection Agency's position is thai
odors are a local rather than national problem,
there are no regulatory programs on odors. So
far, efforts to legislate land use planning
guidelines which would offer a producer some
degree of legal protection against odor
complaints have been minimal. Consequently
when a producer cannot resolve an odor
conflict and reaches an impasse, private
regulation occurs through nuisance lawsuits.
The nuisance law attempts to add the element
of reasonableness, and indicates that every
landowner has a right to use their land as they
wish; but, It must not deprive other landown-
ers of their righ! to use and enjoy their land
120
-------
Any unreasonable uao or Interference with
enjoyment constitutes a nulaanoe. There are
problems Inherent with nulaanoe cases deci-
ded by a trial by jury. Nuisance cases should
bo heard by a judge and rullnga ahould be
made based upon expert witness testimonies,
The definition and corresponding Implemen-
tation of beat management practices as
outlined by educational, technical, and service
agencies should form the basis for rulings.
Consideration of the technical advice available
to the agricultural community will allow each
livestock producer to Implement the most
suitable techniques for his particular situa-
tion, This should be supplemented with
maintaining good public relations with neigh-
bora, (Morryman-East Central)
4686-A6, Hi
REDUCING SUMMERTIME
ODORS FROM POULTRY
HOUSES
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
J, L, Skinner
Poultry Digest, V, 37, No, 436, p. 291, Juno,
1978,
Keywords; Odor control, Poultry wastes
Aa Ilia woathor waims up, thoro Is a greater
likelihood lor poultry odor problems to
Increase resulting In complaint calls, Slaps to
minimize Ihono problems Include; (1) A good
surface drainage system should bo estimated
and maintained to keep water away Irom
buildings, service drlvowaya and manure
holding arnas (2) Overall housekeeping
Mhould bo constantly reviewed In terms ol
system malntalnanca. (3) Fly brooding should
bo kept to a minimum, (4) Manure should bo
removed and Incorporated Into the soil as
quickly as possible, (5) Manure removal and
transport equipment ahould bo In good repair,
not overloaded, and parkod away Irom public
iendways or lull view, (Batoa-Ensl Control)
4M7-K2, CJ, C2, D3
STORAGE OF BEEF CATTLE
WASTES UNDER AEROBIC AND
ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
A, Iv Aason, J, B, MeQullty, and P, H,
Eoulhllllor
Pnpoi No, 71-202, Canadian Society of
Agricultural Engineers, CSAE Conforoncu,
Lothhilduo, Albortn, July 6, 1971, 21p. 4 lit],,
5 tab,, ;'l rol.
Keywords; Cnlllo wastes, Liquid wastes,
Anioblo treatment, Anaerobic tronimant,
Wnstn composition, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Polaaalum, Solids, Biochemical oxygon de-
mand
Anioblo find anaerobic trnalmonl ol bout cnlllo
wastes WIMII compared In this study under
actual conditions, A portion of the building
usiid In this project was dlvldoil Into loin puna,
two ol which Incorpointoil litm-slalls with
slnllo.il passagns and feuding nitina while the
ollloi two had lully alalltu! llanra, Two nnrablc
and two anaerobic pile ware established
beneath these four pens. Experimental results
Indicated the following; (1) Significant dlffer-
oncea In concentration existed between the
two forms of decomposition for all variables
except total nitrogen. However, when the
offset of dilution waa removed, significant
differences botwaon the two ireatments were
only found for five-day biochemical oxygen
demand, total nltrogon, ammonia nitrogen
and phosphorous, (2) Significant differences
In the concentrations of tho variables, total
aollds, volatile total solids, organic nitrogen
and potassium, wore noted botwoon tho two
levels of aeration (a pit with two rotora and a
pit with one rotor) when compared on a dry
matter basis (no dilution effect). (3) The
pollution potential ol tho anaerobic treatments
based on five-day biochemical oxygon demand
was threo to four times that of the aerobic
treatments, Estimated reduction was 70-80
porcont lor the aerobic system and 10-20
percent lor tho anaerobic, (A) Regression
analysis Indicated that using the-tests lor
oxygon demand Index and total solids, aa
Independent variables, an estimate of BOD^"
may be determined, Regression analysis
Indicated that the quantity of plant nutrients
In a liquid manure pit, may bo estimated using
dally livestock feed rocorda, feed analysis and
the quantity ol dry matter In the liquid
manure. (Morryman-East Central)
4688-A6, B2, F2
TOUGHER RULES COMING FOR
BUILDING LAGOONS
P. Quook
Wallaces Farmer, V. 11, No, 103, p, 2
-------
Agricultural Engineering Department, Pur-
due University, West Lafayette, Indiana
D. D. Jones, J. C. Nye, B. C. Horsfield, and
R. George
Leaflet AE-87, Cooperative Extension Service,
Purdue University, 1976, 20 p. 16 fig., 10 tab.,
10 ref.
Keywords: Flushing, Swine wastes, Design,
Lagoons, Waste treatment
This publication is a design and operating
manual for gutter flushing systems in hog
buildings. Its purpose is three-fold: (1) to
explain the concept and how it works, (2) to
provide a basis for evaluating its potential for
individual swine operations, and (3) to
develop systems tailored to individual produc-
tion programs. Worksheets, drawings, design
tables and sources of additional information
are provided. The publication Is broken into
six parts: (1) How Flushing Works, (2) Who
Should Consider Using It, (3) Advantages and
Drawbacks, (4) Basic Parts of a Flushing
System, (5) Questions and References, and (6)
Design and Equipment Worksheet. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4691-B2, E2
INJECTION OF DAIRY WASTE
B Butterworth
Journal of Agriculture, p. 5, Sept., 1977. 1
fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Land application,
Surface spreading, Soil injection, Pastures,
Grazing, Labor
Dr. Brian Pain reports that an experiment
designed by the National Institute for Re-
search in Dairying (NIRD) indicated that
injection of dairy waste had particular
advantage, compared with surface spreading,
when related to the grazing of the sward by
dairy cattle. Besides the fact that the
kilograms of dry matter available/cow/day,
the kilograms of dry matter used/cow/day,
and percentage of herbage utilized were
greater for cows grazing the slurry injected
area as opposed to the slurry spread area, the
injection also yielded more efficient use of
nutrients. Maize, in particular, could use
slurry very efficiently In the trials that were
run, it took 52.5 minutes of total cycle time for
injection as compared to 33.8-47.3 minutes
cycle time for surface spreading the same
amount — depending on the spreader and
filling procedures. So, in terms of doing the
whole job, injection was not that much slower.
(Merryman-East Central)
4692-A11, AU, B3, C2, C3, E3, Fl,
F2
LET THEM EAT WASTE
Editor, Hog Farm Management
J. Byrnes
Hog Farm Management. V. 15, No. 6, p. 50,
June, 1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Swine wastes, Sows,
Animal health, Food & Drug Administration,
Legal aspects, Drug residues, Public health,
Economics
The Food and Drug Administration's official
position is that It does not sanction the feeding
of animal wastes, but it will not become
involved from a regulatory standpoint unless
waste feeding causes adulterated feed or a
residue problem in practice. FDA has infor-
mally left regulatory action in this area to the
states. While FDA plans no policy changes on
this in the immediate future, this could
eventually change. Possible regulatory con-
trols are more likely to be directed at persons
selling waste and not the producer feeding
back some of his own waste. A Virginia
Polytechnic Institute study showed that gilts
will do well when fed swine waste ensiled with
ground corn. In a similar study utilizing
ensiled swine waste and orchard grass, the
pigs would not eat the orchard grass-waste
mixture. They picked out the basal ration and
left the rest. A small but significant number of
producers have reduced feeding costs to
gestating sows by refeeding swine wastes.
Producers recycling feed to sows need to be
very cautious about what kinds of medication
are going through those sows. A producer
refeeding waste almost has to assume those
sows are getting some drugs. If he decides to
market them, the withdrawal period should be
the same as if the animals were being fed the
drug directly. There is also concern about the
potential for worms, parasites, and virus
transmission being passed through the mater-
ial. (Merryman-East Central)
4693-A2, A3, A4, A6, B2, 34
LAGOONS: WHAT SIZE NEEDED
FOR YOUR HERD?
C L. Barth and R. 0. Hegg
Hoard's Dairyman, V. 123, No. 14, p. 864,
885, July 25, 1978. 2 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Lagoons, Anaerobic,
Design, Size, Loading rates, Odor, Agricul-
tural runoff
Because of their great convenience, anaerobic
lagoons are increasing in popularity as a
means of treating manure and milking parlor
wastewater. They provide an alternative to
daily hauling and spreading. Recommended
loading rates in pounds of volatile solids per
1000 cubic feet of lagoon space per day drops
when moving from warmer to colder climates.
Tables are given for computing lagoon size
needed for individual dairies. Lagoons that
serve only the milking parlor or parlor and
holding area may receive large volumes of
waste because of flushing or cow washing
systems In these cases, lagoon volume can be
based on liquid holding capacity rather than
volatile solids loading rate. Using an estimate
or measurement of daily water use, the lagoon
can be designed to hold the wastewater at
least 60 days or longer where winter
conditions or regulations require. Lagoons can
be any shape and should be a minimum of 5
feet deep. Where rapid buildup of sludge is
anticipated, the lagoon width may be limited
to 50 feel to allow for sludge removal by
dragline. Studies have indicated that sludge
accumulates at the rate of 250 cubic feet per
year for a 1300-pound cow or 175 cubic feet
per year for a 900-pound cow. Design volume
per animal can be divided by the annual
sludge accumulation rate to estimate the
number of years before sludge removal wll I be
required. An effective way to reduce the load
on the lagoon and sludge accumulation Is to
install a solids separator ahead of the lagoon.
Lagoons can be a source of odor and runoff
problems so appropriate management steps
should be taken to protect the environment.
(Merryman-East Central)
4694-B2, Cl, C2, D3, Fl
TREATMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE
WASTES BY A BARRIERED
LANDSCAPE WASTEWATER RE-
NOVATION SYSTEM
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
W. F. Ritter and R. P. Eastburn
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,
V. 50, No. 1, p. 144-150, Jan., 1978. 1 fig., 11
tab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Waste treatment, Dairy wastes,
Liquid wastes, Barriered Landscape Waste-
water Renovation System, Mid-Atlantic
states, Design, Economics, Waste composi-
tion
A research project undertaken at the Univer-
sity of Delaware to evaluate the Barriered
Landscape Wastewater Renovation System
(BLWRS) as a means of treating livestock
wastes near dense population centers in the
Mid-Atlantic states prompted the following
conclusions: (1) The BLWRS is an effective
waste treatment system that is capable of
reducing COD and nitrogen by 90 percent or
more and phosphorus by 99 percent in liquid
dairy cattle wastes. (2) BLWRS capacity is
limited by permeability of the soil. (3) Calcium
and magnesium are leached from a BLWRS
and may build up to excessive amounts if the
effluent is recycled and used for flushing. (4)
The BLWRS will remove significant amounts
of potassium, aluminum, sodium, and zinc
from liquid dairy waste. (5) The BLWRS
cannot be operated for the entire winter in the
Mid-Atlantic states. (6) Other waste handling
systems are cheaper for treating dairy cattle
wastes. (7) There are many operational
problems involved with waste that contains a
high concentration of suspended solids. (8)
The greatest potential for using BLWRS in the
livestock industry would probably be with
milking center wastes Design criteria for
constructing a BLWRS are given. (Merryman-
East Central)
4695-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
METHANE DIGESTERS
Anonymous
Feedlot Management, V. 20, No. 6, p. 11,
June, 1978
Keywords: Methane, Recycling, Digesters,
Design, Economics
122
-------
Dr. John Sweeten of Texas A&M University
has estimated the maximum capital cost that a
farmer could pay for a methane generating
system (assuming typical yields) and expect to
pay off the system in 7 years at $2/MCF
natural gas. The economics of methane
production can only be improved by higher
priced energy or technological advances in
digester performance. Texas research reports
that higher temperature digestion -- 165^
instead of 95°F — gives twice as much gas
production with the same manure and takes
only 1/5 of the digester volume as does
conventional 95 e digesters. Other potential
breakthroughs are partial pre-digestion of
slurry; addition of high carbon (fibrous)
wastes; separation and storage of intermedi-
ate volatile acids; and fiber wall filters that
retain active bacteria. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
4696-A4, A8, B2, C3, E2
DISEASE HAZARD OF PATHO-
GENIC ORGANISMS IN FARM
WASTE MATERIAL
Agricultural Research Council, Institute for
Research on Animal Diseases, Compton,
Newbury Berkshire, England
D. A. Haig
Journal of the Science of Food and Agricul-
ture, V. 23, p. 795, 1972.
Keywords: Slurries, Pathogenic bacteria,
Land application, Pastures, Salmonella, Ani-
mal health, Grazing, Water pollution
In order to make livestock waste management
easier, many livestock owners have turned to
handling the wastes in slurry form. Linked to
slurry management is the danger that
pathogenic organisms may be present. Pre-
liminary experiments have revealed that while
the pathogenic organisms examined did not
appear to multiply in slurry held under static
conditions, the organisms could persist for up
to 12 weeks. Subsequently, It was found that
under conditions of intense aeration the
viability of salmonellas decreased more
rapidly, presumably due to the rise in pH
which accompanied aeration. Experiments
have been done to examine the effects of
applying salmonella contaminated slurry on
pasture. It was found that under the
conditions of the tests, a strain of S duplin
persisted for only 7 or 8 days on the higher
levels of pasture but could persist for
considerably longer periods (12 weeks) in the
soil. The survival of the organisms was
apparently dependent on such factors as grass
cover, sunlight, temperature and rainfall.
Calves allowed to graze pasture contaminated
with slurry containing 10* organisms/ml
became infected within a few days. When,
however, the rate of contamination was
lowered to 10^ ml, none became infected. In a
subsequent trial calves were allowed to graze
an acre of pasture which had been contamina-
ted 1 week before with 10-^salmonellas/ml.
Continuous testing of the pasture was carried
out and it was found that while organisms
were present at grass levels below 1 in (25.4
mm) for at least one month, none could be
detected in the upper portion of the grass and
none of the animals became infected. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4697-A4, AS, A6, B2, C3, E2, Fl
DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL
P. Pattison
Journal of Agriculture, V. 119, No. 5, p. 32-33,
35, 1969, 3 fig.
Keywords: Waste disposal, Land spreading,
Economics, Spray irrigation, New Zealand,
Pastures, Animal health, Grazing, Pathogenic
bacteria, Spreading, Ponding, Pumping
The waste disposal system chosen by the
individual farmer depends upon the amount
and dilution of the waste, stocking rate, farm
size, farm's soli characteristics and topog-
raphy, the requirements of any permit issued
to protect the receiving waters, the effective-
ness of the present system, and the finance
available. A New Zealand dairy wastes
committee considers spray irrigation, under
good management, to be generally the most
effective and satisfactory means of disposal of
dairy shed wastes. It may also be the most
economical. Under some circumstances, sal-
monella has been found on pasture more than
SO days after spraying, however. The animal
health division of the Department of Agricul-
ture recommends that after spraying on
pasture the maximum possible withholding
period be observed before cows are again
grazed, even under favorable conditions.
Other systems in use include pumping with
spreaders, ponding, and large sumps in
conjunction with manure distribution and
drains. Pumping with spreaders is less
effective on wet soils and the thick layer of
material associated with this method can
possibly assist the spread of salmonella,
leptospirosis, mastitis and other diseases of
this nature. This method may also damage
pasture and stimulate weed growth. Under
some circumstance a well designed lagoon
system can provide a satisfactory means of
disposal, but it may be a costly choice in the
long term. Disadvantages of a pond system
are the possible pollution of groundwater and
odor nuisance if the pond is not operating
effectively. If the ponds are close to water-
courses there could be pollution through
seepage and, in some instances, fine particles
of waste may eventually seal the soil and leave
a sump type of ponding area which would
eventually overflow, possibly creating a
pollution problem Use of large sumps in
conjunction with manure distribution can
enable a farmer to distribute waste on those
areas that he considers will obtain the most
benefit A problem associated with this
system is that in wet weather, it will probably
be difficult to use wheeled vehicles because of
the damage to roadways and pastures. A well
designed and properly maintained sump
system will cost almost as much as a spray
disposal scheme to install and can take more
time to clean out. (Merryman-East Central)
4698-B3, El
PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT
OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL
Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricul-
tural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
0. P. Joshi and N. P. Datta
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,
V. 23, No. 2, p. 263-265, 1975. 1 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords: Land Application, Herbicides,
Farmyard manure, Slmazine, Soil contamina-
tion
A study was conducted at the Indian
Agricultural Research Institute farm In New
Delhi, India to evaluate the influence of
organic manures on reduction of residual
toxicity of simazine in maize-wheat rotation on
alluvial soils. The experiment was a split plot
design consisting of 64 treatments and three
replications. Two levels of farmyard manure
were used on the maize crop and two levels
each of farmyard manure, green manure
Ipomoea carnosa and sludge were used on a
wheat crop to see the reduction of phytotoxi-
city of simazine to maize and residual wheat
crop. The herbicide was applied at four levels
— 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg /ha. Soil samples were
analyzed for initial residue and for residues
after one month, three months, and before
sowing the wheat crop. It was found that in
general, at 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha rates the
concentration of chemical was found to be
reduced by the application of FYM (farmyard
manure) while in the case of 1.5 kg/ha, it was
found to be increased at each stage of
sampling. A possible explanation for this is
that at 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha dosages, the organic
matter activated the decomposition while at
1.5 kg/ha dose more chemical was adsorbed
than decomposed. In the upper 15.2 cm layer
after 108 days of application of simazine at
0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha, the concentration of
the herbicide left was 2.72, 3.54, and 4.22
percent respectively of initial residues. (Mer-
ryman-East Central)
4699-E3
FEEDING FEEDLOT WASTE
CATTLE
TO
M. Hoelscher
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 29. p. 27. July, 1978 4
tab.
Keywords1 Refeeding, Feediot wastes, Cattle.
Havestmg, Ensiling
This article outlines methods of harvesting
and refeeding feedlot wastes. In the South-
west, feedlot waste is harvested in basically
two ways: (1) scraping shallow, dry dusty
layer accumulated on the surface of open
pens, and (2) scraping packed layer of feedlot
waste on an annual or semi-annual basis.
Among other systems being tested and
developed, feedlot waste is collected from
feeding pens and blended with other ingre-
dients and ensiled prior to feeding. The loose
dry accumulation of waste on the surface of
open feedyard pens should be ground before
storing: whereas the packed layers must be
allowed to dry before grinding and storing.
The feedlot waste used in the ensiled process
should be harvested while '.vet Results of
refeeding trials using these and other types of
feedlot wastes are reported. The decision to
use or not to use feediot waste as an
ingredient in a feedlot situation should be
based on its cost-benefit ratio in a given
situation. (Merryman-East Central)
123
-------
4700-A3, A4, A9
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLU-
TANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUN-
OFF
Civil Engineering Department, South Dakota
State University, Brooklngs, South Dakota
56007
J. N. Dornbush, J. R. Andersen and L. L.
Harms
Environmental Protection Agency Technology
Series Report, EPA-660/2-74-005, Feb. 1974,
149 p. 24 fig., 15 tab., 73 ref.
Keywords: Surface runoff, Agricultural run-
off, Erosion, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Nonpolnt
pollution sources, Chemistry, Sediments,
Water pollution sources, Pesticides, Bacteria,
South Dakota, Blolndicators, Rainfall, Snow-
melt.
Surface runoff from snowmelt and rainfall in
eastern South Dakota was measured during a
three year period. The size of the research
sites ranged from 7.18 to 18.69 acres, and all
sites had crops of corn, oats, pasture or
hayland. Composite samples of the runoff
were used for various chemical, physical and
biological determinations. Runoff samples
from 108 snowmelt events and 36 rainfall
events were collected. Equipment fabrication
and installation resulted In some Incomplete
data for the initial year, but successful
monitoring of each runoff event was accom-
plished thereafter. Sediment losses were
considerably lower than anticipated. Pesticide
concentrations were low in both water and
sediment samples, and were usually less than
the analytical test limits. Coliform and fecal
levels were consistently greater than accepted
surface water quality criteria. Most of the
nutrients were found to be soluble and/or
associated with snowmelt runoff. (Dornbush -
South Dakota State University)
4701-A4, A6, A7, El, F2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE
OPERATIONS
Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas
J. M. Sweeten
Fact Sheet L-1302, Agricultural Extension
Service, Texas A&M University, 1975, 4 p., 6
fig
Keywords: Swine, Air pollution, Odor, Water
pollution, Regulation, Permits, Texas Water
Quality Board, Environmental Protection
Agency.
Summarized in this report are the State and
Federal water and air pollution control
regulations pertaining to swine operations.
The Texas Water Quality Board (TWAB)
requires a "Certificate of Registration" for
swine feeding operations with more than 50
head of hogs This certificate stipulates no
discharge of wastewater or runoff from the
premises. A procadure is presented that will
meet the "no-discharge" standard The EPA
requires a permit for swine producers of more
than 2500 hogs in confinement in which the
no-discharge" standard also applies. A joini
permit may be obtained lo satisfy both state
and federal agencies. The Texas Air Control
Board requires a construction and operating
permit on new production operations wilh
more than 1000 head of hogs. This applies also
to any existing operations that are planning to
expand 100 percent or more in feeding
capacity. The TACB also regulates odors from
existing swine feeding facilities under a
general nuisance regulation. The procedure
for obtaining permits from the TWQB, TACB,
and the EPA is presented as well. (Bates -
East Central)
4702-A6, Bl, F2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS.
ALLEN BECKER, D/B/A
BECKER'S CHICKEN-EGG
FARM, RESPONDENT
Illinois Pollution Control Board
PCB 73-346, Illinois Pollution Control Board,
Feb. 14, 1974, 5 p.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Management,
Odor, Regulation, Lawsuits, Environmental
Protection Agency, Illinois Pollution Board,
Dead Animal Disposal Act.
A complaint was filed with the Illinois
Pollution Control Board by the Environmental
Protection Agency against Allen Becker,
owner of Becker's Chicken-Egg Farm. This
action was taken because it was alleged that
Becker was operating the chicken farm in such
a manner as to violate the odor section of the
Environmental Protection Act and the Dead
Animal Disposal Act. A hearing was held on
December 18, 1973. In lieu of a full hearing, a
written stipulation and proposal for settle-
ment, submitted by the EPA and Becker, was
entered into the record as a basis for mutual
agreement between the parties In this
enforced action. This stipulation included
additional facts and proposed terms of
settlement. Because of existing marketing
conditions, the Becker Egg Farm closed as of
July 1, 1974. Until that time Becker agreed to
dispose of the accumulated chicken manure
and chicken carcasses in a safe and sanitary
manner and in compliance with the odor
section of said act and the Dead Animal
Disposal Act. A penalty of $800 was assessed
against Becker for all violations alleged in the
complaint. This action was approved by the
Illinois Pollution Control Board. (Bates - East
Central)
4703-A4, All, Bl
AERATION, WATER QUALITY,
AND CATFISH PRODUCTION
Agricultural Engineering Department,
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
C. D. Busch, J. L. Koon, and R. Allison
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 17, No. 3, p.
433-435. May-June, 1974. 5 fig., 1 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords- Catfish production, Management,
Mechanical aeration, Algae aeration, Water
quality, Energy, Biofilters, Surface sprink-
ling, Air injection, Paddle-wheel, Perfor-
mance.
Evaluation of catfish pond aeration systems
has shown that day-time aeration by algae
overshadows mechanical aeration and can
reduce power requirements. The paddle-
wheel (modified oxidation ditch rotor) appears
as the most reliable system. Paddle-wheel
tests have evolved a Level Raceway Concept
which promises several advantages over the
conventional earthen raceway (Copyright
1974 - Transactions of the ASAE)
4704-A3, A4, Cl, C2
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST
LAND RUNOFF IN UPPER
SOUTH RIVER NEAR WAYNES-
BORO, VIRGINIA
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blackburg, Virginia
E. V. Southerland
M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Sept., 1974, 139 p. 14
fig., 19 tab., 77 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Agricultural run-
off, Forest land runoff, Virginia, Sampling,
Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Industrial effluents, Domestic effluents.
Sources and yle'ds of organic matter, sus-
pended solids and nutrients in the Upper
South River Basin were investigated during
the summer low flow period of 1974.
Parameters monitored at sampling stations In
the basin included chemical oxygen demand,
total suspended solids, turbidity, specific
conductance, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl
nitrogen, nitrate, and iron. These data were
used with flow and drainage area data to
determine the relative magnitude and daily
yields of materials from various sources.
Sources of organic matter, suspended solids,
and nutrients entering the South River
included agricultural, forest and urban land
drainage as well as domestic and industrial
wastewater effluents. The yields of materials
from the various sources were computed
during an intense storm in May, wet weather
flow in June, and dry weather flow in July.
During the short term period of high storm
flows, land runoff was the primary source of
all pollutants. On the long term basis,
however, wastewater effluents were the major
contributors of all parameters except total
suspended solids. Industrial effluents contri-
buted the greatest proportion of chemical
oxygen demand and total nitrogen. Waynes-
boro sewage treatment plant supplies the
greatest phosphorus loading. In comparison
with forest drainage, agricultural land drain-
age was found to be a greater source of all
materials monitored. Urban runoff was not
analyzed separately, but It appears to contri-
bute significant pollutant loads. It was found
that reduction of phosphorus In the Waynes-
boro sewage treatment plant effluent may
reduce excessive algal production in the South
River below the city of Waynesboro. (South-
erland Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University)
4705-A1, A4, AS, A8, Bl, B5, Cl,
C2, C3, E2, Fl
UTILIZATION OF MANURE BY
LAND SPREADING
J. H. Voorburg, editor
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, 732 p.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Effluents, Land
spreading, Commission of the European
Communities, Water pollution, Groundwater
pollution, Soil contamination, Crop response
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Physical pro^
pertles, Economics.
124
-------
This publication contains the proceedings of a
seminar held In Modena, Italy on September
20-24, 1976, under the auspices of the
Commission of the European Communities as
a part of the CEC programme of coordination
of research on effluents from livestock. The
subject of the seminar, utilization of manures
by land spreading, was subdivided Into the
following themes: (1) manure and crop
production, (2) manure and pollution of
surface waters, (3) manure and pollution of
soil and groundwater, (4) regional aspects, (5)
veterinary aspects, (6) miscellaneous, (7)
models on landspreadlng of manure, (8)
sampling and analysis. One important object-
ive of the seminar was to assess the current
situation and the available knowledge. A
second Important objective was to review the
present analytical methods for the purpose of
assessing an Improved homogeneity In the
expression of the results. (Merryman • East
Central)
4706-A8, B2, B5, Cl, C2, E2, Fl
AGRICULTURAL USE OF EFFLU-
ENT FROM LIVESTOCKS: PRO-
BLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN
ITALY
Institute Sperimentale Agronomlco, Bari,
Italy
F. Lanza
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar in the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p. 1-5.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Livestock, Italy,
Slurries, Waste storage, Lagoons, Oxidation
tanks, Land spreading, Application wastes,
Nutrients, Economics.
Most pig production is undertaken on too
small a scale for purification plants to be used
economically in Italy. Consequently, the swine
wastes are predominantly spread on the land.
Problems related to land spreading are: (1)
quantity of slurry produced by livestock,
possibilities of reducing volume and storage of
slurry, (2) composition and fertilizing value of
slurry, (3) best times for spreading, livestock
per ha and spreading methods, and (4) the
systematic study of effects of slurry on
different crops and soils. The most common,
economical, and rational solution to slurry
storage is that of lagoon storage which, If used
as straightforward accumulation pits, can
have a depth of over 3 m and a capacity of not
less than 3 m per head. If the pits are used as
oxidation tanks, then the depth must be
halved. Forage crops have been found to
respond best to slurry application. Doses of
500 m^ per hectare yield the highest
production. However, the most economical
doses have been found to be those which do
not go above 250 m3 per ha. Liquid trailer or
organic irrigation are the best landspreadlng
methods. (Rowe - East Central)
4707-A4, A7, B2, B3, BS, E2, Fl,
F2
FARMYARD MANURE AND
CROP PRODUCTION IN DEN-
MARK
Askov Experimental Station, Denmark
A. Dam Kofoed
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar in the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
29-43. 3 fig. 8 tab., 2 ref.
Keywords: Solid wastes, Liquid wastes,
Denmark, Land application, Confinement
pens, Water pollution, Air pollution, Legal
aspects, Economics.
In Denmark for many years the use of 20-30
t/ha solid farmyard manure and 10-15 t/ha
liquid manure on root crop fields every third
and fourth year was a common practice.
Manure was applied to crops which showed
the greatest ability to utilize them and herd
size was based on the amount of food grown In
the field. However, confinement feeding Is
now becoming more predominant. Such
feeding is accompanied by Inherent problems.
Concentrated animal production has left some
farms completely without organic manure and
others with a surplus. Nowadays, the handling
of solid and liquid wastes from Intensive
animal production forms a considerable
expense factor and with the possibility of
making up for losses of nutrients from the
field by application of commercial fertilizers,
the farmer has less interest in careful storing
of solid and liquid manure and thus there Is a
potential risk of pollution of surface waters.
Buying feeds for confined animals released
livestock owners from dependence on the land
for crop production. This means that In such a
system of animal production the animal
manure tends to be a waste product, difficult
to dispose of In a economic way. A handling
system for animal wastes which gives the best
utilization of their plant nutrients at the same
time may be the best security against a
potential pollution of air and surface water.
This means that animal manure must be
incorporated into the soil soon after spreading
and that it should be spread In limited
amounts and in the right season for the crops
which are utilizing the plant nutrients. With
the increasing awareness of the public with
regard to pollution of the environment from
agricultural sources, Denmark must expect
restrictions to be Imposed which will protect
that environment. (Merryman - East Central)
4708-A1, A5, A8, B2, BS, C2, E2
CONSEQUENCES OF SEMI-LIQ-
UID PIG MANURE SPREADING
Station de Sciencedu Sol INRA, Dijon, France
C. Duthion
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar in the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p
45-50. 2 tab., 2 ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Swine wastes, Land
spreading, Nutrients, Crop response, Envir-
onmental effects, France.
When spreading semi-liquid swine manure,
problems of judicious limits of spreading arise
in two different aspects: (1) agronomic (yield
and quality of crops, fertility of soils), (2)
environmental (particularly the quality of
waters). A number of experiments are being
undertaken by the Centre de Recherches de
Dijon in France to study these problems The
following parameters are being studied: yield
and quality of crops, quality of drainage
water, evolution of physical, physico-chemical
and also biological properties of the soil
(mlcroflora and fauna). Results obtained so
far, In all the experiments, are too limited to
give details. While it Is difficult to determine,
without experiments, the largest amount of
manure which is tolerable in a given situation,
some recommendations are obvious. For
example, since drainage is most critical
during the rainy period In winter, major pig
manure spreading on bare soil should be
avoided because of its contribution of nitrates
and soluble organic matter to the ground-
water. (Merryman - East Central)
4709-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
SLURRY UTILISATION ON THE
DAIRY FARM
National Institute for Research in Dairying,
Shinfleld, Reading RG2 9AT, England
B. F. Pain
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar in the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research in Effluents, organized by the
"Istituto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41 100
Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p. 51-63. 2
fig., 9 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Slurries, United
Kingdom, Land application, Grassland, Appli-
cation rates, Soil injection, Surface spreading,
Maize, Crop response, Chemical properties.
Experiments were designed to determine the
maximum rates of slurry that could be applied
to grassland. Heavy slurry applications had
less effect on forage maize than on grassland,
but shortly before drilling if 500 t ha was
Incorporated into the land, then plant maturity
was delayed and dry matter yields depressed.
Cow slurry was not a balanced grassland
fertilizer and could only be used effectively by
supplementing with organic nitrogen. When
slurry was injected or inorganic fertilizer
applied, animal grazing Intakes were similar
but reduced by 30 percent when slurry was
spread on the surface. A combination of
spring applied slurry and inorganic nitrogen
fertilizer gave higher yields in maize. The
maturity of the crop was delayed by high rates
of slurry and/or high rates of nitrogen
fertilizer and it depressed yields. Factorially
designed field trials demonstrated the yield
benefits that could be obtained by using
slurry, or a combination of slurry and
inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, for spring barley.
When fertilizer value of the liquid and fiber
resulting from mechanical separation was
investigated, it was found that more nitrogen
was in a plant available form In the liquid than
in unseparated slurry. An appreciable savings
in the energy input to crop production was
obtained. Further experiments are being
conducted on livestock effluents. (Rowe - East
Central)
4710-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
EFFECT OF RATE OF APPLICA-
TION OF ORGANIC AND INOR-
GANIC NITROGEN ON CROP
PRODUCTION AND QUALITY
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren, The
Netherlands
L. C. N. de la Lande Cremer
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar In the EEC Programme of Co-ordlna-
lion of Research on Effluents, organized by
125
-------
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
73-85. 6 fig., 5 tab., 1 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Poultry wastes,
Slurries, Netherlands, Land application, Crop
response, Potatoes, Beets, Nitrogen.
The results of excess rates of manure
application on yield and quality of field crops
was studied. Nitrogen was the most common
factor that limited yield and quality of field
crops. Various quality characteristics of
potatoes and sugar beets were found to be
related to the amount of available soil N
present In spring and the fertilizer applied. To
prevent excess applications of animal manure,
two possibilities exist. First, for the nitrogen
contained In animal manure, there should be a
gradual assumption of higher nltrogen-effec-
tivenesa coefficients; In doing so the cumula-
tive residual effect of this nitrogen Is taken
into account. Second, before the start of ffie
growing season, The amount of available N In
the soil profile should be determined; the
amount of additional nitrogen needed In the
form of fertilizer Is then calculated. From the
same trial, yield and quality of crops grown in
the same year were found to be well correlated
with the amount of available N, regardless of
its source. (Rowe - East Central)
4711-A8, All, B2, B5, C2, Dl, E2,
Fl, F3
EFFICIENT RECYCLING OF
NUTRIENTS
Department of Agriculture, Belfast, Northern
Ireland
J. S. V. McAllister
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar In the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
87-103. 4 fig., 10 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Poultry wastes,
Cattle wastes, Sheep wastes, Slurries, Land
application, Northern Ireland, Climate, Soli
nutrient levels, Grassland, Animal health,
Hypomagnesaemla, Potassium, Copper, Sep-
aration techniques, Energy, Economics,
Sampling.
Northern Ireland agriculture has a tradition of
livestock production arising mainly from the
Influence of climate and farm structure. The
moist climate restricts tillage and harvesting
operations and at present only 10 percent of
the agricultural land Is under arable crops. To
augment income on such farms, the farmer
often keeps pigs and/or poultry as well as
cattle and sheep. Also movements and
mechanization seems to have restricted the
area under cultivation In the early 1960's It
became apparent that on many of the more
Intensive and well managed farms, the soli
nutrient levels were Increasing as a result of
land application of manure. The high levels of
potassium which can arise from such applica-
tions Increase the risk of hypomagnesaemia
and the buildup In copper levels may also be
important. The liquid condition of slurry Is
responsible for some of the major problems
that may arise when slurry is spread on land ~
such problems as the risk of pollution and
nutrient enrichment of drainage water, the
slow breakdown of the solids on the surface of
grassland and the possibility of phyto-toxlc
compounds being produced by anaerobic
decomposition of the finer solids in the soil.
The extent of these problems would be
reduced If much of the water in slurry could be
removed before spreading on the land. Most
of the existing methods of separation or
drying are expensive, requiring either a
considerable input of energy or the provision
of absorbent materials. Laboratory studies
suggest that It may be possible to develop a
settlement technique with a low energy
requirement. More study needs to be done.
Further studies also need to be done
concerning the effects of slurry dressings on
soil nutrient levels. The problems arising from
soil sampling suggest that for advisory
purposes and field experimental work, It
would be useful to adopt a standard depth for
sampling. (Merryman - East Central)
4712-A8, B2, B5, C2, Dl, E2, Fl,
F3
THE AGRONOMIC UTILISATION
OF PIG SLURRY: EFFECT ON
FORAGE CROPS AND ON SOIL
FERTILITY
Experimental Institute of Agronomy,
Modena, Italy
V. Boschi, P. Spallacci, and M. Montorsi
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar in the EEC Programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomico." 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
105-118. 7 fig., 2 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Land
application, Crop response, Chemical proper-
ties, Accumulation effect, Italy, Costs, Waste
storage, Lagoons, Mechanical separation.
Research has been carried out for the past 5
years in the Parmigiano-Regglano district In
order to: (1) evaluate the quantity of slurry
produced by livestock, (2) determine the
chemical composition of slurry, (3) ascertain
whether this slurry can be used at heavy rates
as fertilizer for various crops, and (4) study
the effect of slurry dressing on soil. The
research is still in progress. The trials have
revealed that the husbandry of one pig
produces an average of 9 m /year of slurry. To
simplify lagoon storage, mechanical separa-
tion, and land application, it is advisable to
use husbandry systems which reduce the
washing waters. It was found that, at the pre-
sent cost of chemical fertilizers, 1 m of slurry
has a N, PjO-r, and K.£> value of L.1500. The
best dry matter yields of tested fodder grasses
were obtained with 400-500 ma/ha of slurry
but, at these doses, the nutrients' utilization
ratio was low. The dose which gave a high
enough yield and utilized the nutrients well
was half of the above volume. Sometimes the
crude protein of forage also increased at
dressings of over 500 m3/ha. During the five
years of repeated slurry dressings (up to very
high doses) in the same plots, maize and sor-
ghum were indifferent to 'accumulation
effect' and it seemed that they only utilized
the last application. During this time, soil
nutrients increased but without reaching
dangerous levels. Further study is needed to
determine the influence of slurry application
on the soil physical properties and on the
quantities of nitrogen lost dangerously by
leaching and harmlessly by denitrlflcation.
(Merryman - East Central)
4713-A8, B2, B3, B5, C2, Dl, E2
THE YIELD EFFICIENT NITRO-
GEN PORTION IN TREATED AND
UNTREATED MANURE
Instltut fur Pflanzenbau und Saatgutfors-
chung in der Forschungsanstalt fur Land-
swirtschaft, Braunschwelg-Volkenrode, West
Germany.
C. Tletjen
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
129-141. 8 fig., 4 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Waste manage-
ment, Land spreading, West Germany, Appli-
cation rates, Nutrients, Crop yields, Equip-
ment, Carbon nitrogen ratio, Nutrient require-
ments.
Livestock manures are made up of (ecus and
urine with different contents and ratios of
nutrients. By changing the portions of fece»
and urine, the ratio of nutrients in the manure
is changed. The difficulty of matching the
demand of crop and soil requires some kind of
standardization by well adjusted mechanical
equipment for collecting wastes, for storing
and treating the wastes, and for mixing,
loading, and spreading them on the land. The
effect of manure on soil conditioning and crop
yield depends on the following factors: (1) the
tools and Implements for manure distribution
on the land. (2) the ratio of carbon to nitrogen
which is influenced by various treatments that
decrease the loss of nitrogen or accelerate the
decomposition process of organic matter — in
general, the narrower the C:N ratio, the
higher the manure effect on crop growth. (3)
the available nitrogen portion of total nitrogen
in the manure depends again on various
treatments; the greater the urine portion
together with an appropriate quantity of water
added, the higher the content of ammonia
nitrogen. Depending on different arrange-
ments of these 3 factors, different effects on
crop yield are to be observed, ranging from
depressing to very high. Thus, it Is concluded
that the products of liquid manure practices
exercise a higher yield effect than solid
manure, and the quantities applied together
with fertilizers should be coordinated with the
nutrient requirements of the crop and the
supply of the soil. Dietary supplements should
also be considered in relation to their effects
on manure. Such supplements should also be
considered in relation to their effects on
manure. Such supplements may modify the
biodegradation of wastes as well as their
manuring effect in crop production and in
nitrogen uptake. Recommended rates of
manure application are mostly based on
nitrogen content and on the available portion
of it which is estimated. Very little information
is available concerning the rate of biological
decay of organic materials and no prediction
can be given about the availability of the
organic bound nutrients with satisfying cer-
tainty. However, in order to protect the
environment, it Is increasingly important to
match nutrient supply with crop needs In
order to produce maximum yields with highest
rates of uptake without harm to the environ-
ment. (Merryman - East Central)
4714-A11, B2, BS, C2, E2
THE INFLUENCE OF ANIMAL
MANURES ON THE GRAZING
BEHAVIOUR AND HERBAGE IN-
TAKE OF CATTLE
The Agricultural Institute, Grange Co. Meath,
Ireland
D. P. Collins
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
126
-------
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, Organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
143-152. 6 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Swine wastes,
Poultry wastes, Slurries, Ireland, Grassland
application, Chemical properties, Cattle graz-
ing, Rejection, Performance.
An experiment was started on May 7, 1976 to
determine whether or not cattle would reject
grass swards which were treated with cattle,
pig and poultry slurries and If so, for how long
and what effect this might have on animal
performance. Because the experiment has
existed for such a short period, the findings to
date cannot be considered definitive. Initially
animals on the slurried pasture were reluctant
to eal the herbage, but in time they became
accustomed to It with the result that If the rate
applied is not excessive, rejection of such
swards by grazing animals will be small. It
was also found that cattle will graze herbage
grown with very high rates of slurry provided
no other choice exists. Animal behavior
because of the slurry was modified as was
reflected In grazing time and animal perfor-
mance. Such effects, however, seem to be
temporary and while a reduction in llveweight
gain by the animal occurs, It is felt that this
can be recovered later in the grazing season.
If the slurry had been applied earlier in the
season, it is possible that the longer time that
would elapse between spreading and grazing
would have allowed the rain to wash the slurry
into the soil more thoroughly and no effect
from it might have been evident. The effects
of mid and late season slurry applications and
cumulative effects of slurry applications over 2
or 3 years remain to be studied. (Merryman -
East Central)
4715-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
ANIMAL ORGANIC MANURES IN
DUTCH FORESTRY: APPLICA-
TION AND RESTRICTIONS
Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry
and Landscape Planning, Wageningen, The
Netherlands
J. van den Burg
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, Organized by
the "Istiluto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy. Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
153-169 9 lab., 15 ref.
Keywords' Liquid wastes, Poultry wastes,
Swine wastes, Land application, Forests,
Motherland, Crop response, Conifers, Pop-
lars. Nitrogen
The consequences of heavy dressings of
organic manure in conifer stands and with
provisional data obtained from current re-
search with Euramerican poplar are dis-
cussed It has been found lhat hardwoods, in
particular poplars, seem more suited for
disposal -of animal organic manure than
conifers Not only growth, but also healthiness
of Irees is a very important or even decisive
criterion for judging possibilities of disposal of
organic manure. Only data on short-term
effects are available, but long-term effects for
conifers ' an reasonably be estimated. Much
less is known about hardwoods. The most
important parameter for estimating permis-
sible amounls of animal organic manure is
nitrogen: annual addition of ca. 100 kg N/ha
(inorganic) Is considered optimal, the amount
of organic manure can be estimated from data
on effectiveness of total N in manure. This
means roughly that those quantities of organic
manure which contain 200-400 kg total N/ha
can be applied, but not for too long a period
(some years) in order to avoid overdosage.
Disposal of ca. 100 t pig slurry/ha for some
years in poplar stands seems to be acceptable.
(Merryman - East Central)
4716-A3, A4, C2, E2
RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN
EUTROPHICATION OF SURFACE
WATERS IN RELATION TO
PHOSPHORUS MANURING
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr.), The
Netherlands
G. J. Kolenbrander
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, Organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 19765, p.
181-196. 2 fig., 6 tab , 14 ref.
Keywords1 Land application, Water pollution,
Eutrophication, Netherlands, Phosphorus,
Agricultural runoff
Because phosphorus is the only element
essential to algal growth, the phosphorus load
to Holland's surface waters needs to be
reduced in order to improve water quality.
The phosphorus load resulting from runoff
from agricultural land receiving manure
fertilization is examined. In Holland, runoff
during the growing season is of minor
importance because the water storage
capacity of the topsoil is usually sufficient to
absorb rainfall amounting to 20-35 mm/day
Only arable and grassland clay soils that are
impermeable or poorly drained may result in
some runoff on 1-5 days a year. When the soil
is frozen during the winter, about 25 mm of
precipitation may accumulate and reach
surface waters in the spring as meltwater.
Such runoff may amount to 0.04 -- 0 8 kg P per
ha per year, depending upon the soil type and
the amount of phosphorus applied. Manure
surpluses produced in regions with sandy soils
should be utilized on marine clay soils because
they have a high phosphorus adsorption
capacity. Winter application of manure to
grassland musl be considered a potential
danger to the quality of surface water (Rowe -
East Central)
4717-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEDOLO
GICAL ORGANISATION OF THE
SOIL AND PIG SLURRY LAND-
SPREADINGS IN BRITTANY
Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de
Renne'i, France
C Che.erry
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
197-203. 2 lab., 9 ref
Keywords' Pedology, Swine wastes, Slurries,
Soil physical properties. Soil types, Soil
dynamics, Drainage basins, Infiltration, Agri-
cultural runoff, Land spreading, Nutrients,
France.
The Soil Science Laboratory of Ensa INRA
(Rennes, France) has chosen a pedological
approach in studying the agronomical conse-
quences of pig slurry spreading. Character-
ization of the different types of soils (brown
soils, leached soils, podzolic soils, hydromor-
phic soils), study of their adsorbing complex,
and study of the stability of soil physical
properties (structure, porosity) before and
after landspreading were conducted. Two
drainage basins, each one covering nearly 20
hectares, near Lamballe, France constituted
the study sites. The first site received a
moderate rateof semi-liquid slurry: 50 rr^/ha/
year The second received a high rate of
application: more than 300 rrr/ha/year. In the
basin receiving 50 rrAha/year, infiltration of
slurry was quite good and runoff was not
observed. The following tendencies were
observed with regard to the chemistry of the
soils of the basin receiving 300 m^/ha/year:
(a) Soil became enriched in P. (b) Ratio Mg/K
on the adsorbing complex decreased, (c) More
generally, a slight redistribution of the
elements at the slope of the basin was noticed.
Calcium, in particular, was leached away into
the lower part of the basin, probably in
consequence of its partial substitution on the
adsorbing comples by NH+* (Merryman - East
Central)
4718-A3, A4, A8, B2, BS, C2, E2
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE AND
SEASON OF APPLICATION ON
INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF OF
NUTRIENTS FROM ANIMAL
MANURES
An Foras Taluntais, Johnstown Castle
Research Cent
-------
all 3 sites. Slurry applied in summertime
compared very unfavorably with calcium
ammonium nitrate as a source of nitrogen for
grass. (Merryman - East Central)
4719-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
SOIL, WATER, PLANT RELA-
TIONSHIP AS INFLUENCED BY
INTENSIVE USE OF EFFLUENTS
FROM LIVESTOCK
Laboratorium voor Analytische en Agro-
chemie, Faculteit van de Landbouwwetens-
chappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Gent, Bel-
gium
A Cottenie and F. van de Maele
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
seminar on the EEC programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
225-246. 7 fig., 7 tab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Land spreading, Effluents, Soil-
water-plant relationships, Chemical proper-
ties, Nutrients, Saturation extract, Belgium.
During the past 15 years, intensification of
livestock raising has led, in some parts of
Belgium, to a pronounced increase of the ratio
between the number of animals and the land
surface. Consequently, production of animal
wastes locally has reached such a level that its
content of NPK largely exceeds the normal
fertilizer requirement of the soil. Faced with
such a problem, the question arises as to how
much livestock effluent a soil can normally
receive and recycle. Experiments were per-
formed to shed some light on this situation.
Equilibration tests with different textured
soils showed the influence of heavy doses of
livestock effluents on the chemical composi-
tion of soil and soil water. Drastic changes
were observed after such treatments. The
electrical conductivity of the saturation extract
of the soil was lound to be a practical criterion
regarding excessive use of liquid manure. The
excess of several nutrient elements in soil and
soil water is clearly reflected by the chemical
composition of crops Thus different pot
experiments showed increasing contents of
Ma* and K + , together with decreasing
Ca^Mg^concentrations. Furthermore, nitrate
contents in plants were unacceptably high
after heavy treatment with livestock effluents.
Repeated use of liquid manure and its
dumping is lo be avoided and an even more
moderated use of such effluents should be
accompanied with chemical soil analysis as a
warning system. {Merryman - East Central)
4720-A4, AS, AC, B3, C2, E2
LEACHING OF NITRATE AND
DENITRIFICATION IN A SANDY
SOIL AS INFLUENCED BY MA-
NURE APPLICATION
Institute for Land and Water Management
Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
J H A. M. Steenvoorden and H. P Oosterom
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC programme of Co-ordina-
tion of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
247-255 3 fig , 3 tab , 6 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Poultry wastes,
Land application, Application rates, Leaching,
Transport velocity, Denltrification, Water
pollution, Groundwater pollution, Soil dyna-
mics, Netherlands.
Laboratory experiments were conducted on
the leaching of nitrate and organic matter and
the possibility of denitrificatlon, especially in
the saturated zone. Transport of soluble
organic matter was measured to a depth of
some 2.5 m and was quite similar for the four
experimental fields. The differences in nitrate
concentration below groundwater level were
small in the experimental fields even though
there were large differences in manure
application. A sandy soil (0.7 percent organic
matter) was percolated at different flow rates
with natural groundwater enriched with
nitrate to the desired level in order to study
thedenitrification process. A higher transport
velocity of the groundwater resulted in a
higher removal rate of nitrate from the soil
solution. Extrapolation of the average field
conditions in the Netherlands leads to a
nitrate removal rate of 0.6 mg N.1"'day"ounder
the given experimental conditions — 20 C; pH
6.0-7.0, 0.7 percent organic carbon. (Rowe -
East Central)
4721-A4, AS, A8, B2, C2, E2
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN
PIG SLURRY AND THEIR RE-
TENTION IN THE SOIL
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr.), The
Netherlands
R. G. Gerritse
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept 20-24, 1976, p.
257-266. 2 fig., 4 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Land
application, Phosphorus compounds, Soil
adsorption, Soil retention, Water pollution,
Groundwater pollution, Soil profile.
Phosphorus in animal wastes, which In some
agricultural areas are applied to the soil in
excessive amounts, is a potential pollutant of
surface and groundwater. Retention of Inor-
ganic phosphate in the soil is determined by
the adsorption characteristics of the soil. The
main factors influencing adsorption in the soil
are organic matter, aluminum and Iron
content, specific surface area of the soil and
soil pH. To be able to evaluate Inorganic and
organic phosphorus movement in the soil
properly, columns of undisturbed soil of 80 cm
length have been set up under unsaturated
flow conditions and treated with the equiva-
lent of 800 m^/ha of pig slurry (7 percent dry
matter). Phosphorus, chloride and phos-
phatase activity are monitored In the column
effluent, resulting from a simulated rainfall of
about 1 cm/day. Preliminary results indicate
that organic phosphorus compounds move
almost as fast as chloride. Chloride break-
through in the column effluents occurred after
one month and organic phosphorus broke
through less than a week later, and reached
concentrations of 1-2 mg P/litre. The organic
phosphorus compounds In the effluent were
mainly (70-80 percent) of high molecular
weight, as has also been found for organic P in
solution in pig slurry. Inorganic P in the
effluent has not significantly increased and is
of the order of 0.01-0.1 mg P/litre. After about
1-2 years the soil profile will be analyzed for
inorganic and organic phosphorus and phos-
phatase activity. On the basis of various
parameters, a computer model of phosphate
transport in the column will be made and the
results of simulation compared with practice.
(Merryman - East Central)
4722-A8, 32, BS, C2, E2
HEAVY APPLICATION OF LIQ-
UID MANURE ON SOIL! EFFECT
ON SOIL SALINITY
Istituto di Agronomia Generale e Coltivazlonl
Erbacee, Unlversita degll Studl, Facolta di
Agraria, Perugia, Italy
F. Bonciarelli
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
279-288. 1 fig., 5 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Land application,
Application rates, Soil chemical properties,
Salinity, Crop response, Italy.
The effect of repeated applications of different
rates of liquid manure on soil salinity was
investigated. A field experiment was estab-
lished in which duplicated plots received
different doses of liquid manure (0 - 200 - 400
and 600 m /ha) in two applications in 1975.
Subsequently, the plots received 0-75-150
and 225 rrr/ha of liquid manure every 3 - 4
months from Oct., 1975 - May, 1976. Soil
sampling depths were: 0-20, 20 - 40, and 40 -
60 cm. No problem level of salinity was found
in experimental plots which had received up to
a total amount of 1275 rrf*/ ha of I iquid manure
in a year. An investigation was also conducted
on a farm near Gubbio, Italy. An estimated
slurry production of about 40 m3/day was
pumped from a lagoon to fields where the
slurry was applied on 40 hectares of land
which are continuously cropped with maize for
silage. Each hectare received an average of
365 rrpof slurry per year. The soil, which Is
rich in clay, poorly drained, low In organic
matter and In bad structural condition,
showed no problem due to salinity level.
Crops germinated and grew regularly both In
the experimental plots and the farm fields.
(Merryman - East Central)
4723-A8, B2, BS, C2, E2
ASPECTS OF CU ACCUMULA-
TION IN SOIL FOLLOWING HOG
MANURE APPLICATION: SOME
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF
STUDIES ON THE MOBILITY OF
CU
Laboratory of Soils and Fertilizers of the
Agricultural State University, Wageningen,
The Netherlands
F.A.M, de Haan, M. Lexmond, and F.
Dijkman
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
289-297. 2 fig., 5 ref.
Keywords. Swine wastes, Slurries, Land
application, Copper accumulation, Soil dyna-
128
-------
mics, Soil columns, Crop response, Nether-
lands.
In Holland, the combined burden on the
environment of copper originating from
livestock waste Is estimated at 875 metric tons
of copper on an annual basis. The majority of
this copper results from pig feeding. Copper,
which Is added to swine feed at levels of about
225 ppm, when combined with the copper
already present In the soil results In average
copper contents of 250 ppm. The copper
content of swine manure amounts to roughly
80 ppm copper for slurry with 8 percent dry
matter and 180 ppm copper for solid manure
with 23 percent dry matter. Copper removal
from the soil on an annual basis Is about 30
g/ha for pasture and 80 g/ha for arable land.
Since the total annual application of copper to
soil as fertilizer amounts to about 200 metric
tons, it is apparent that copper removal by
crops does not correspond properly. Prelim-
inary experiments were Initiated to establish
the measurement of break-through curves for
small soil columns of copper solutions in
which copper occurred in various forms. Soil
used In the experiments was of the so called
"old arable land soil" type with an organic
matter content of about 2.5 percent. Percola-
tion of solutions was performed in unsaturated
flow by dropwise addition of the solution on
the one side and maintenance of a negative
pressure at the end of the column at the other;
addition and effluent discharge were con-
trolled by use of a multichannel dosing pump.
The percolation rate amounted to 80 cm/day.
Breakthrough curves were measured simul-
taneously on 4 different soil columns. Copper
concentrations of 10 ppm in the application
solutions were obtained by adding CuSOif,
CuSOn and NaJEDTA, respectively. Whereas
solutions of 10 ppm CuEDTA showed a
complete breakthrough after percolation with
5-10 times the pore volume of the soil column,
such breakthrough was not yet arrived at after
percolation of 200 times the pore volume In
the case of CuSCH. It was felt that the copper
originating from CuSO* probably also forms
insoluble compounds In the soil in addition to
being bonded on the soil solid phase; this
effect exerts itself in the continued removal of
copper from the percolating solution, even
following passage of very large amounts of
percolate. Although this method has to be
adapted for specific problems met when
considering the percolation with solutions
containing manure constituents, it may
nevertheless be concluded that it probably
provides a useful tool for the measurement of
the mobility in soil of different forms of
copper. As such, it may make a valuable
contribution in the evaluation of the effects of
increased copper mobilitv with respect to
leaching through the soil. (Merryman - East
Central)
4724-A8, B3, B4, C2, E2
EXAMINATION OF SOIL SAM-
PLES TAKEN UNDER SILAGE
MANURE HEAPS AND IN MA-
NURED FIELDS
Askov Experimental Station, Denmark
J. Lindhard
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept 20-24, 1976, p.
29^-304. 4 tab., 2 ref
Keywords: Manure heaps, Waste storage,
Leaching, Denmark.
An investigation on the problems of leaching
from manure heaps was carried out on loamy
and sandy areas in the southern part of
Jutland, Denmark. Preliminary results from
the years 1973-74 and 1974-75 are presented.
Soil samples were taken Just after removal of
the manure heaps and, in some cases, also a
year later. The area In the meantime was
exposed to the weather and cropped normally.
The sampling was done at 50 cm intervals
down to 400 cm by the use of a sampling tube
working insldeacasing 10cm wide. In general
the accumulation of NH*-N went down to
about 200 cm, In some cases In rather large
quantities. The large variation between
localities showed no significant differences
between types of heap or between types of
soil. With the exception of one locality, the
content of NCj-N was much smaller than the
NHfN content but the tendency to accumula-
tion down to 200 cm was the same for both.
There was a tendency In the material that soils
beneath heaps of silage had a higher content
of NH^-N In 1975 than soils beneath manure
heaps. If there is a need to store silage or
farmyard manure temporarily, care should be
taken. The heaps should not be located
directly over a drain pipe, nor on a slope
leading to a stream or lake, and the same
locality should never be used twice. In field
experiments on the effect of moderate and
heavy amounts of animal manure, soil
samples were taken down to 2 m depth and
analyzed for the contents of different ele-
ments. There was a slight tendency for larger
amounts of manure to result in larger contents
of mineralized nitrogen in the soil, a tendency
which might serve was a warning against
applying manure too heavily. (Merryman
East Central)
4725-A1, A4, All, El, C2, El, E2
WATER POLLUTION BY LIVE-
STOCK EFFLUENTS
Ministry of Agriculture, Chemical Research
Institute, Tervuren, Belgium
R. De Borger and K. Meeus-Verdinne
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico" 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
313-328. 4 fig., Stab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, River Ijzer,
Belgium, Fish kills, Livestock wastes, Eutro-
phication, Direct discharge, Nutrients, Land
spreading.
About 20 years ago the River Ijzer was a
healthy river abounding in fish. In the last few
years, fish mortality has recurred frequently.
Entering Belgium from France, where it
covers 37 out of the 78 km of its course, the
River Ijzer flows slowly through a predomin-
antly agricultural, sparsely populated (180
inhabitants/km1 ), poorly industrialized
region, the altitude of which does not exceed 5
m. Though the exact contribution of livestock
breeding to the pollution of the river was
indeterminable, discharges of intensive cattle
breeding farms were found to have a
significant influence on the eutrophication of
the River. While it was felt that the problem of
eutrophication of rivers flowing through a
mainly agricultural region cannot be solved
immediately, it was stated that direct dis-
charging of livestock effluents in surface
waters cannot be allowed. Of the 2 solutions
offered (a waste water treatment plant or
landspreading of livestock effluents), only
land spreading seemed acceptable. Expense,
location selection, and Inefficiency made
waste water treatment impractical. While land
spreading seems to be the answer, even this
solution may have its problems. The direct
influence on the soil, the crops and indirectly
on the surface water through runoff and
Infiltration cannot yet be foreseen. (Merryman
- East Central)
4726-B2, B4, E2
TRANSPORT OF MANURE AND
THE FUNCTION OF THE 'MA-
NURE BANKS' IN THE NETHER-
LANDS
Institute of Agricultural Engineering,
Wageningen, The Netherlands
A. A. Jongebreur
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
329-333. 1 tab.
Keywords: Slurries, Manure transport, Ma-
nure banks, Waste storage, Netherlands,
Land application, Equipment.
When manure surpluses caused by regional
concentration of livestock operations in the
Netherlands became a problem some years
ago, manure banks were established. The
work of the manure banks consisted of: (1)
Improving liquid manure transport, especially
over greater distances, (2) Liaising between
livestock units and arable farms which were
interested in using liquid manure, (3) Advis-
ing about the correct application of liquid
manure. Presently, manure banks are working
in 3 provinces of the Netherlands. Depending
on the manure bank, about 55-75 percent of
the quantities of slurry transported is over
distances ranging from k-20 km. A combina-
tion of good transport equipment, sufficient
storage capacity on the livestock production
unit and intermittent storage pits on the
arable farm has made it possible to transport
slurry over longer distances (Merryman
East Central)
4727-A4, A8, All, A12, B2, B3,
B4, C3, Dl, D2, D3, El, E2
VETERINARY-HYGIENIC AS-
PECTS OF LANDSPREADING
AND TRANSPORT OF MANURE
Institute of Animal Medicine and Animal
Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, D-7000,
Stuttgari, West Germany
D. Strauch
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept 20-24, 1976, p.
351-362. 2 fig., 17 ref.
Keywords: Solid wastes, Liquid wastes,
Feedlots, Confinement pens, Waste storage,
Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Land
spreading, Epidemiology, Animal health,
Public health, Disinfection, Dung heaps,
Slurries, Direct discharge.
Epidemiological problems Involved in large
129
-------
animal feedlots are closely associated with
those of animal waste disposal. Incidence of
latent infections increases when animals are
concentrated in confined areas. Most patho-
genic agents are eliminated by infected
animals in their feces so that germs ultimately
come into contact with the floors of the
buildings and are thus spread. Conventional
livestock units utilizing bedding do not cause
special epidemiological problems. If managed
properly, dung heaps develop such high
temperatures that pathogens are destroyed.
After three weeks, such dung heaps are
considered to be disinfected and can be used
for agricultural purposes. The development of
large animal units and modern rural livestock
management techniques has brought with it
new housing systems in which animal excreta
is usually collected in slurry form. The slurry
is either collected and stored within the
animal building or it is drained off the
building and kept in under- or above-ground
reservoirs until it is used. This has resulted in
new problems. Because slurries are not self-
disinfecting, hygienic treatment is necessary.
Because land disposal of infected animal
wastes can result in transmission of patho-
genic micro-organisms to man and animals,
infected slurry must receive on-site treatment
of liquid manure by chemical or physical
methods. Even when infected animal slurries
are treated by settling out solids, aeration, or
sludge drying, pathogens are not eradicated.
Therefore such wastewaters must not be
discharged into river waters without disinfec-
tion. Chlorine disinfection is the most common
method. (Merryman - East Central)
4728-All, 32, B5, C3, E2
AN APPROACH TO THE PROB-
LEM OF SLURRY AS A POSSIBLE
SOURCE OF PASTURE CONTAM-
INATION WITH HELMINTH
PARASITES OF CATTLE
An Foras Taluntais, Dunsinea, Castleknock,
Co. Dublin. Ireland
N. E. Downey, J. F Moore, and J. Bradley
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
363-373. 4 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords. Cattle wastes, Slurries, Helminth
parasites, Pasture applications, Animal
health, Ireland, Anthelmintics, Fenbendazole.
In Ireland, an increasing number of cattle are
being housed during the winter on slatted
floors Resulting slurry is then applied to
swards in the spring. It is felt that such slurry
may be a potential source of helminth
parasitic infection in livestock. The possible
role of slurry as a disseminator has so far not
been invesligated in Ireland and the problem
appears to have received relatively little
attention in other countries. Slurry as a
possible source of helminth infection In cattle
can be studied under the following headings:
(a) Survey work to ascertain the occurrence,
degree and distribution of contamination/
infection in the stored material, (b) Field
experiments to determine the capacity of
slurry to initiate or augment pasture infection,
(c) A study of the viability and persistence of
parasties in slurry during storage and
following application to land, (3) Investiga-
tions of slurry as an infection source In
relation to liver fluke, should its use as a
fertilizer expand, bringing fluke eggs Into
snail habitats, (e) An evaluation of sampling
procedures. Preliminary investigations are In
p'rogress to study some of these problems. A
limited survey was carried out In March, 1976.
Fecal samples from one year old cattle at ten
different farms were examined to determine
the numbers of 'strongyle' eggs per g of feces.
The majority of the cattle were found to be
voiding worm eggs in March, despite the fact
that on seven of the ten farms the animals had
received at least one anthelmintic dose during
the winter. The egg counts were low on
average, only 12 percent of the cattle having
counts greater than 200 eggs per g. A grazing
trial was also conducted in which Infected
slurry was applied to pasture land. This trial IB
in progress, but herbage sampling In May/
June revealed that levels of infection with
'strongyle' larvae were very low at the outset.
If it is found that slurry spreading constitutes
a risk of increased parasitic infection, It will be
necessary to study ways of overcoming the
problem. Anthelmintics have not been fully
effective in reducing worm egg output
because they have failed to reduce sufficiently
the numbers of 4th stage larvae. However, a
recent anthelmintic fenbendazole is highly
active against these 4th stage larvae and may
merit investigation. It Is hoped that future
work will include examinations of slurry for
the presence of viable D. vMparus larvae and
F. hepatic eggs. (Merryman - East Central)
4729-A11, A12, Bl, C3, Dl, D2,
D3, E2
POSSIBILITIES OF POULTRY
DROPPINGS DECONTAMINA-
TION AS RELATED TO FARM
LEVEL MANAGEMENT TECHNI-
QUES
Director of the Institute of Avian Diseases, D-
6300 Giessen, West Germany
H. Geissler
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
375-380. 9 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Management,
Pathogenic bacteria, Decontamination,
Germany, Land application, Drying, Compost-
Ing, Incineration, Viruses, Antibiotic fungal
activity.
In Germany, a total of 92 million chickens
produces about 6 million tons of manure
annually to be utilized and/or disposed of.
Poultry wastes are utilized by either applying
the manure as fertilizer on company owned or
farm owned land or by selling or giving It to
other farmers for land application. If this is
not possible, then the manure must be dried,
burned or composted. Poultry manure is of
concern as a source of pathogens. Such
manure may contain pathogenic strains from
the entire range of microorganisms likely to be
encountered. Preliminary studies have been
made to determine the effect of antibiotic
fungal action on bacteria elimination. How-
ever, this research has been concentrated on
trash and garbage so that further research Is
needed to determine such activities In poultry
manure. Questions that merit future study
are: (1) How long do tuberculosis bacteria
remain viable in poultry manure and litter,
and how can they be inactivated early by other
means? (2) What is the role of antibiotic
fungal activity in elimination of bacteria? (3)
What is the behavioral pattern of non-coated
viruses In poultry manure/litter, what Is their
survival rate, and what other means are
available for their inactivatlon? (Merryman-
East Central)
4730-A11, A12, Bl, B5, C3, E2
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
ANTMAL EFFLUENT UTILISA-
TION FOR GRASSLAND PRO-
DUCTION ON LEVELS OF CER-
TAIN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
IN FOOD ANIMALS AND THEIR
CARCASES: PRELIMINARY
FINDINGS
Veterinary College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
W. R. Kelly
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
381-390. 2 fig., 7 tab.
Keywords: Land application, Effluents,
Grasslands, Animal health, Public health,
Cattle, Pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli,
Salmonella, Antibacterial agents, In vitro
resistance, Ireland.
Commercial herd calves, experiment station
calves, and fattening cattle were examined
from February to June, 1976 for Escherichia
coli which display in vitro resistance to
antibacterial agents, or Salmonella. Bacter-
iological examinations of grass, hay and silage
fed to the above cattle plus bacteriological
examinations of feces and slurry originating
from these cattle were also conducted. In the
study Involving the fattening cattle, of 32 E.
coli isolated from rectal swabs taken from 30
cattle which had been receiving 9 g of
flavomycin/day In their feed, 9.4 percent
were resistant in vitro to amplclllin and 3.1
percent to nitrofurazone. In the case of 30 E.
coli isolated from rectal swabs from 30 cattle
which had not been receiving dietary flavomy-
cin, no in vitro resistance to any ot the 7
reagents used was observed. Resistance
transfer studies on the Isolates are now in
progress. Carcasses of fattening cattle which
had been fed silage and were kept in slatted
floor houses until early May when they were
put out onto grassland which had not received
animal slurry for 4 years, were examined for
R-positlve E. col! and Salmonella. A high
degree of in vitro antibacterial resistance was
found. Results from the commercial calf study
indicated persistence of in vitro resistance to
tetracycline, ampiclllln, chloramphenlcol and
streptomycin. Resistance transfer studies
confirmed the presence of R-factor in the
majority of the multi-resistant E. coli exam-
ined. In the experimental station study, 408 £.
co/i were isolated and subjected to in vitro
antibacterial sensitivity analysis. During the
summer the calves were housed at night and
turned out daily to graze on paddocks which
had been dressed with farmyard manure
annually. There was a gradual decline In
prevalence of in vitro resistance to single
reagents and combinations of these reagents
with age. Resistance transfer studies con-
firmed the presence of R-factors in a majority
of the multi-resistant E. coli. Salmonella
typhimurium, which was isolated from one
calf house In March, was sensitive in vitro to
each of the reagents tested. An Investigation
of the possible effects which pH, Aw and
storage temperature may have on the pre-
sence of in vitro resistance of E. coli present In
slurry samples collected at the commercial
calf and beef units Is now in progress. The
origin of carcass contaminants, and the extent
of distribution of multi-resistant E. coll In the
mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle and other
animals which may or may not excrete
multi-resistant E. Coll in their feces, will be
the subject of further investigation. (Merry-
man - East Central)
130
-------
4731-A4, A6, All, A12, B2, B3,
B4, B5, C2, C3, Dl, E2, Fl
THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATING
SLURRY ON ITS STORAGE,
HANDLING AND SPREADING ON
LAND
National Institute of Agricultural Engineer-
ing, Sllsoe, Bedford, England
J. C. Hawkins
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomlco" 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
403-412. 3 fig., 7 ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Separation techniques,
Waste storage, Land spreading, Economics,
Equipment, Water pollution, Odor, Patho-
genic bacteria, Nutrients, England.
Whether slurry separation is worthwhile for a
particular farm must be determined after
considering the farm's own special problems
and the benefits of slurry separation for that
farm. A modern efficient slurry separator will
produce from undiluted pig or cattle slurry a
solid fraction with 20-25 percent DM which
can be stacked and a liquid fraction with 2-7
percent DM which can be stored and handled
as if it were water. A separator adds to the
cost of equipment needed for handling
manure from housed livestock and disposing
of it on land. However, the following should
be considered: (1) The extra cost of separating
slurry mechanically into solid and liquid
fractions may be offset by the resulting
economies and benefits. (2) Separation re-
duces storage costs and makes the mixing and
emptying of stored wastes cheaper and easier.
(3) Liquid fractions can be applied to land
more cheaply than slurry by means of small
pumps and pipelines. (4) Separation can
permit higher stocking densities without
increasing water pollution risks. (5) A liquid
fraction can be applied to land in winter with
less risk of runoff than whole slurry. (6)
Separation reduces odor nuisance by produc-
ing a solid fraction which composts without
smell and a liquid fraction which can be
handled and spread on land with less smell
than slurry. (7) Separation can reduce the
chances of pathogen survival in both the solid
and liquid fractions. (8) It is easier to use the
plant nutrients in slurry efficiently if it is
separated before storage. (Merryman-East
Central)
4732-A4, AS, B2, B3, B4, C2, D2,
E2, E4, Fl
INVENTIONS AND INNOVA-
TIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION
OF WATER RESOURCES
The Agricultural Institute, Dublin, Ireland
T. A. Spillane, J. O'Shea, and J. F. Connolly
Utilization of Manure by Land Sprading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-
ordination of Research on Effluents, organ-
ized by the "Istituto Sperimentale Agrono-
mico", 41 100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24,
1976, p 441-445. 1 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Ireland, Waste
storage, Waste treatment, Recycling, By-pro-
duct recovery, Economics, Slurries, Nutrients,
Fertilizers, Polymers, Methane, Wilting,
Silage effect, Landspreading.
Direct landspreading of manure Is not always
a practical proposition. Consequently, the
Irish Agricultural Institute has recommended
that adequate storage be provided for storing
slurry over long periods, only spreading when
climatic conditions permit. Because storage is
expensive and rate of slurry production often
exceeds storage capacity, the Agricultural
Institute has Investigated other possible
approaches to the slurry waste problem.
Research utilizing chemical methods of treat-
ment has led to the patenting of a process
based on the production of a urea-form
polymer, which encapsulates nutrients In the
slurry. Thus in obtaining the reduction of
pollution in the area, a premium slow release
fertilizer which may be packaged and mar-
keted easily, Is produced. Methane Is obtain-
able as a by-product and can be utilized to
raise the dry matter content in the end
product. In Ireland, as in other countries,
where the climatic conditions are not suitable
for wilting, the disposal of silage effluent is
becoming a larger problem each year as
production Increases, approximating 8 million
tons during 1975 In the past, holding tanks
have been utilized to handle this waste
problem. However, such tanks have been
found to be expensive and unsatisfactory as a
solution to this sporadic and seasonal
problem. Thus researchers studied the possi-
bilities of landspreading, concurrent with the
production of the effluent. A system for
achieving this was developed, based on these
simple requirements: (1) Directing of effluent
by channels to a collection of about 50 gallons
capacity. (2) A fine screen at Ingress to
prevent straw and solid matter fouling the
pump. (3) A simple centrifugal water pump
that will spread the effluent and irrigate the
land over some 100 metres. (4) A float-switch
that will control the operation of the pump,
and (5) Neutralization with lime or limestone if
necessary The water sources for most farms
in Ireland are derived from deep or shallow
wells, mostly the former, and pose a number
of problems. The most important of these are:
(1) "Hard" waters causing scale in boiler and
heating systems and even blockages In
hot-house irrigation systems and nipple-type
poultry drinking troughs. (2) Contaminated
waters, often from surface drainage water and
farm effluents. (3) Ferruginous waters, with
iron content that is beyond acceptable limits
for farm or domestic use. (4) Waters of a
"spa" type with a high hydrogen sulphide
content. Research workers of the Agricultural
Institute have had a fair measure of success in
alleviating some of these problems. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4733-A8, B2, C2, E2
OF AMMONIUM OXIDATION IN
EFFLUENTS
University of Louvain, Louvaln-la-Neuve,
Belgium
H. Laudelout, R. Lambert, and M. L. Pham
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperlmentale Agronomlco" 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
447-458. 6 fig., 4 ref.
Keywords: Mathematical models, Effluents,
Land application, Ammonium oxidation,
Temperature, Nitrifying bacteria, pH, Oxygen
partial pressure, Nitrification, Nitrites, Soil
dynamics, Belgium.
A nitrification process mathematical sub-
model was built which attempted to account
for the Influence of Initial population density
of nitrifying bacteria, temperature, pH,
oxygen partial pressure, and substrate con-
centration of ammonium In soils receiving
effluents. The relationship used In this study
was the hyperbolic equation referred to as
either Mlchaells or Monod. Experiments with
the model showed that lowering the tempera-
ture decreased the transient concentration of
nitrite and that increasing the temperature
above 20° C increased the transient nitrite
concentration. The possibility was also found
to exist that side reactions occur in which
nitrite may cause nitrogen loss by changing
the conditions of ammonium oxidation. Such
losses may be advantageous if they lead to a
decrease of the efficiency of ammonium
fertilizers. The extent of these losses may be
easily calculated If the kinetics of the reaction
involving nitrite Is known. It was also found
that one-third to one-half of the nitrogen In the
ammonium added to the system was lost
during nitrification under conditions of temp-
erature and acidity prevailing In many
trophlcal soils. Another result of the model
showed that a limited supply of oxygen
Induces a transient accumulation of nitrite.
Consequently, the BOD for nitrification Is less
likely to exceed the Ox supply at lower
temperatures. These results make it possible
to calculate the temperature at which the BOD
will exceed supply since ammonium-nitrogen
concentrations In effluents account for most of
the BOD in effluents. Furthermore, the
marked shift for nltrita oxidation In conditions
of limited oxygen supply Is quite evident and
this would favor reactions competing with Its
biological oxidation. (Bates-East Central)
4734-A4, Bl, B5, D3, E2
TWO LEVELS' OF MODELLING
THE UTILISATION OF ANIMAL
MANURES
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England
J. R. O'Callaghan
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomlco" 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
467-495. 10 fig., 4 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Waste manage-
ment, Land disposal, Aerobic treatment,
Application rates, Water pollution.
Four manure management models have been
produced at the University of Newcastle upon
Tyne. Each model or stage represents a
different strategy in dealing with the animal
waste problem and spans thinking from the
limitations on disposal to the factors which
maximize the efficiency of utilization. A brief
summary of the four stages are: (a) The
climatic, soil and cropping factors which
constrain the quantity of animal manure that
can be applied to the land without Increasing
serious risks of stream pollution. This stage Is
concerned with returning animal manures to
farm land, mainly as a means of disposal, (b)
The capacity of the soil to retain, without risk
In the long term, the constituents of animal
manures. Stage (b) Is also concerned with
returning animal manures to farm land, but
with the Intention of recycling the nutrients in
the manure through acrop. In modeling either
stage a or b, the main Information needed Is
that required to calculate a mass balance for
the process, (c) A quantitative description of
aerobic treatment as an aid to recycling
animal manures. This model relates the rate
of growth of microbial population to food
supply and requires an understanding of both
131
-------
the principal factors involved In the aerobic
treatment of animal manures and measure-
ments of rate processes in controlled labora-
tory type experiments, (d) A quantitative
description at the micro-level of the climatic
and soil factor which influence the release of
plant nutrients from animal manures. Formid-
able difficulties in the way of a model of stage
(d) were encountered in that the processes of
transfer of nutrients from manures to plants
through the soil are complex and very
dependent on changes in soil moisture and
temperature, which in turn are related to
changes In atmospheric conditions. The
steady state approach adopted In modelling
stages (a-c) is not suitable (or stage (d). (Bates
- East Central)
4735-A1, Bl, E2, E3, Fl
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC AS-
PECTS OF LAND SPREADING ON
MANURES VERSUS OTHER
USES - A SYSTEM APPROACH
Unite de Recherches Nord - IAA, INRA au
CERTIA 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
L. Arnoux
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
497-506. 1 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Waste disposal, Recycling, Land
spreading, Economics, Intermediate markets.
A systems analysis approach was used to
show possible design processes to allow for
improved use of manure in the context of a
global point of view. From a micro-economic
point of view, the problem is to dispose of
manure at the lowest cost or, if possible, with
some profit. The system is the farm, which
may or may not include fields. Using France
as an example, with the pressure of the whole
economy towards more and more concentra-
ted and capital intensive agriculture, the
proportion of manure produced In great
quantities on very limited areas Is increasing
rapidly. Some of the many problems related to
thl? trend are: (a) odor problems in the
surrounding area, (2) difficulties In finding a
large enough area to spread the manure and
for a long enough period, (3) risk of water or
groundwaler pollution, (4) risk of crop
pollution, (5) changes of ion distribution In the
soil, time lag between land spreading and
cultivation of the field, etc. Therefore in order
to be successful, a project requires long and
careful study including: a preliminary survey
of the area, trial tests - study of soils,
cultures, efficiency control, etc., and routine
checks when the project has been completed
For small or medium-sized farms, such a
project is frequently considered too complex
and too costly, or is not considered at all, and
the actual course of action chosen remains
quite unsatisfactory. To reach optimum use of
manure in each specific case, a broad field of
potential uses should be considered. Manure
components can be used as animal feed, as a
direct or Indirect energy source, as the
starting point for a food chain, as well as a
fertilizer The economic interest of these uses
increases with the evolution of food and
agricultural systems considered as a whole.
Both agriculture and the food industry are
producing increasing amounts of wastes.
Solutions envisaged to cope with these
increasing amounts of waste are linked with
the development of intermediate markets and
with the technologies produced by the
intermediate system or In reaction against its
effects. Examples are given. (Merryman
East Central)
4736-A1, A6, All, B2, B3, B4, B5,
C2, C3, D3, E2, E3, Fl
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYS-
TEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:
APPLICATION ON FARM MODEL
STUDIES AND SYSTEM ANALY-
SIS
The Farm Management Committee of the
Ministry of Agriculture, 8220 Braband,
Denmark
J. Christensen
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC programme of Co-ordln-,
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
507-520. 1 fig., 6 tab., 1 ref.
Keywords: Waste management, Liquid
wastes, Solid wastes, Cattle wastes, Swine
wastes, Economics, Environmental effects,
Denmark, Waste storage, Waste treatment,
Land application, Equipment, Animal health,
Odor, Costs.
This paper Is based on a 1975-76 report
concerning an economic and environmental
analysis and evaluation of alternative waste
management systems on cattle and pig farms
(Christensen, 1976). Some of the research
findings are presented. Economic considera-
tions are given precedence over those relating
to technology and biology. There are 4
principal stages In manure handling: gather-
ing and removal from the stable, treatment
and storage, removal, and application to
cropland. Different methods and technical
plants are connected with each stage and by
combination, a number of complete manure
handling systems can be formed. Evaluation
of management stages to be used are based on
total costs per year, the value of manure, and
different environmental problems. The net
costs of a slurry system are lower than the net
costs of a system with farmyard manure and
liquid manure. However, problems inherent
in using a slurry system are: more disease,
decrease in growth of the animals, an Increase
in feed consumption by the animals, and risk
of poisonous gases. In consideration of
practical and environmental circumstances, a
storage capacity of at least 6 months must be
recommended. If landspreadlng conditions
are particularly favorable, a smaller capacity
can be justified. At least 3 months' storage
must be available. Treatment of the animal
wastes may be desirable for a variety of
reasons. Generally the greatest Interest inside
research work has been in favor of biological
treatment. Four such methods are: (a) below
house oxidation ditch, (b) liquid composting,
(c) solid composting, and (d) anaerobic
digester, biogas plant. The highest costs are
incurred by the below house oxidation ditch
and liquid composting. Ultimately, land-
spreading Is sllll the only way to dispose of
manure. To keep down the costs of loading,
transport and spreading, it is important that
the capacity of machinery fits In with the total
quantity of manure. Costs of carting out liquid
and farmyard manure are roughly equivalent.
Two methods of spreading the manure are
open spreading and soil Injection. Injection
adds to the costs of land spreading because of
more expensive equipment and a high-pow-
ered tractor, but it is a comparatively cheap
step to reduce slurry odor. A rapid ploughing-
in of the wastes increases the nutrient value of
the manure and Is often possible without
additional costs. (Merryman - East Central)
4737-A1, A4, A8, B5, C2, E2
ELABORATION OF STATISTICS
ON MANURE PRODUCTION
Station de Chlmle et de Physique Agricole,
Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de
Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
G. Droeven and G. Neirincky
Utilization of Manure by Land spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
521-537. 3 fig., 7 tab.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Statistics, Land
spreading, Environmental effects, Nutrients,
Soil contamination, Water pollution.
The maximum amount of farmyard manure or
semi-liquid manure that the soil can receive
without damage Is limited by several factors
such as the specific crop requirements, the
equilibrium of the nutritive elements of the
soil, the nature of the soil, the protection of
the surface waters, etc. Too frequent spread-
ing of manure constitutes a potential risk to
the environment. Before a solution to the
waste disposal problem can be found, one
must first collect exact information concerning
the production of the wastes, ie. quantity,
origin, geographical distribution, composition
for each animal species. This paper Is
intended to be a step in that direction. Much
of the information is presented in the form of
tables, maps and histograms. Estimates are
given of the average weight of different
animals. The weight of the animals Is also
calculated in terms of livestock units. Esti-
mates are given for the weight of wastes
produced by one livestock unit for each of the
animal species. Estimates In percent of the
chemical composition of the wastes of the
animal species are given. Percentages are
given for the distribution of the types of
cultivation In 9 provinces. Optimum amount of
landspreadlng per hectare In each of the
provinces Is calculated In relation to the
distribution of the cultivations and based on
the following landspreadlng quantities: grass-
land 25t, cereals 45t, root plants 60t, other
cultivations 40t. Percentages of wastes pro-
duced per animal species in each of the 9
provinces are computed. Consumption and
cost of mineral fertilizers are tallied. Maps
have been drawn up for each province and
district in which the communes are colored
differently in relation to the quantities of
animal waste. (Merryman - East Central)
473S-A8, Bl, E2
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROB-
LEM OF MODELLING THE UTI-
LISATION OF ANIMAL MA-
NURES BY LAND SPREADING
An Foras Taluntais, Dublin, Ireland
P. Herlihy and V. Dodd
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istltuto Sperimentale Agronomlco," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976 p.
539-548. 3 fig , 4 ref.
132
-------
Keywords: Model studies, Farm wastes, Land
spreading, Soll-Water-Plant Relationships,
Ireland.
This paper outlines an approach to the
problem of modelling the land spreading of
animal manures. The model attempts to
simulate the soil-water-plant system. Among
the factors it takes into account are: (a) Water
movement In unsaturated soil allowing for the
conduction, diffusion and plant uptake of
water, (b) Ion exchange, solubillzation or
precipitation of slightly soluble salts and
dissociation of soluble ion pairs Including
Ca-Mg exchange, Ca-Na exchange,
Na-NH exchange, solubility and precipitation
of gypsum, undissocialed Ca and Mg sul-
phate, dissociated of CaCOj In water, (c)
Reactions involving nitrogenous species in-
cluding the hydrolysis of urea, the mineral-
ization-immobilization of organic-N and NH*
-N, nitrification of NH^-N and immobilization
of NC§-N. (d) The movement of water soluble
species, (e) The uptake of N by the crop, (f)
The effect of moisture content and tempera-
ture on the above. Efforts to test the model are
outlined. As more experimental results be-
come available, it should be possible to
improve the predictive power of the model.
This will lead to an even more detailed model
which will be suitable for use in analyzing the
results of lysimeter work where the soil and
crop specific parameters are well known.
However, it is doubtful whether all this detail
is relevant when one is trying to predict the
results of spreading animal manures over a
wide area. The large uncertainties of the soil
and crop parameters overv the area could
render sophistication of the model beyond a
certain point superfluous and misleading.
However, the model could be used to find out
how sensitive the outputs of the model are to
variations in the soil and crop parameters,
allowing one to know the degree of uncer-
tainty in the outputs which results from any
given degree of uncertainty in the parameters
fed into the model. (Merryman - East Central)
4739-32, B4, Cl, C2
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR
LIQUID SWINE MANURE
Rijks Agrarische Afvalwaterdienst, Arnhem,
The Netherlands
K W. van der Hoek
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico" 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept 20-24, 1976, p.
561-569. 2 fig., 4 tab , 2 ref.
Keywords- Liquid wastes, Sampling, Aerated
storage basins, Storage pits, Holland, Chem-
ical oxygen demand, Dry matter, Ash,
Kjeidahl nitrogen
Sampling techniques for liquid swine manure
in aerated storage basins and storage pits
beneath the pig sty are described. The
following conclusions were given- (a) A simple
and p'hable method to sample a storage pit
consists of sampling each tanker when the
manure is removed All samples can be
combined to one sample. (2) To obtain
information about representative liquid swine
manure, the storage pit has to be emptied
completely an f the pit will be required to have
been emptied completely on the previous
occasion as well. (3) The dilution of liquid
swine manure with cleaning water and spilled
drinking water rnusl be taken into account. (4)
Using method 1 2, the reliability of sampling
places increases. (5) The composition of the
manure in the pump pit is noi representative
for the total storage area. (Merryman - East
Central)
4740-C1, C2
METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR
MANURES: COMPARISON BE-
TWEEN COUNTRIES OF THE
EEC, 2ND APPROXIMATION
The Agricultural Institute, Johnstown Castle
Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
J. C. Brogan
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
571-583. 1 fig., 3 ref.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Chemical analysis,
Measurement, Standardization.
This report incorporates comments and addi-
tions suggested by the member countries after
circulation of "Methods of analysis for
Manures, 1st Approximation" in May, 1976.
Sampling methods, analysis of unstable
parameters, and analysis of constant para-
meters are discussec'. Parameters which
should be measured and reported for animal
manures used in EEC projects include: pH,
dry matter, suspended solids, chemical
oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand,
Kjeidahl nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen,
nitrate nitrogen, ash, calcium, magnesium,
potassium, copper, phosphorus, and chloride.
Other parameters may be measured for
specialist studies Standardization of methods
of measurement of the listed parameters is
desirable to allow researchers to compare
experience across the EEC. One method for
accomplishing this is for every laboratory to
adopt the same rigid and detailed standard
This seems the only approach for parameters
which are unstable during transport or
storage. For parameters which remain con-
stant in storage, samples can be exchanged
between laboratories and the separate
methods used can be compared. If agreement
is not satisfactory, further standardization can
be recommended (Merryman - East Central)
4741-A8, C2, E2
PROPOSITIONS ON THE HAR-
MONISATION OF CHEMICAL
METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS
IN THE EEC COMMON PRO-
GRAMME ON LANDSPREADING
OF ANIMAL MANURE
Laboratone de Microbiologie des Sols, INRA
BV 1540 21034 Dijon, France
G Catroux
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
Ihe "Istitulo Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
IOO Modena, Italy, Sept 20-24, 1976, p
613-622
Keywords Farm wastes. Land spreading, Soil
analysis Soil chemical properties, Sampling.
This report includes (a) The list of methods
cornmu'iicated by the national reporters on
the '.oil chemical analysis (the physical
analysis will be reported elsewhere) (b) A list
of common methods, (c) A list of recom-
mended methods. It is proposed that core-
samples be taken below the soil surface to a
depth of at least root penetration of the soil,
between 0 and 0.30 to 1 meter, and, if
possible, depending on the soil type, to 2
meters (pollution balance). The thickness of
each slice may be about 0.15-0.20 m
depending also on the soil type. Before
investigation, the soil sample should be dried,
sieved at 2 mn. and stored at room
temperature for all the determinations except
mineral nitrogen (NO^-, NOj-, NH.*) For these
it is best to make the determinations as soon
as possible Common methods for analysis are
proposed for determining: pH, conductivity.
volatile and mineral matter, total CaCOj,
Kjeidahl and total Nitrogen, organic com-
pounds, and active lime. (Merryman - East
Central)
4742-A3, A4, AS, A8, B5, Cl, C2,
E2
HARMONISATION OF METHODS
FOR SAMPLING AND FOR
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
ANALYSIS
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr), The
Netherlands
H van Dijk
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on the EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy. Sept 20-24, 1976, p
655-658.
Keywords: Sampling, Soil analysis, Crop
analysis, Water quality. Chemical properties,
Physical properties, Farm wastes, Land
spreading
A survey was made of sampling and analysis
methods used by EEC institutes researching
effects of landspreading of manures on soil,
crop, and water quality. Proposals for
harmonization were made by J. C. Brogan
(Ireland) for manures, P Herman, G Neirinck
and R. de Borger (Belgium) for water, G.
Catroux (France) for soils, and A Klasink and
R. Mahlop (Germany) for crops. It was
decided that the project had been too
ambitious and that there had been insufficient
time for consultation of experts. Conse-
quently, it was suggested that the rewriting of
proposals f r sampling and chemical analysis
should be deleg ited to a small working group
of analyti al experts to be formed Manure
characteristics to be measured should include:
dry matter settleable solids (only for liquid
manures), chemical oxygen demand (only for
liquid manures9!, K|eldahl, ammonium, and
nitrate nitrogen (the latter only in aerobically
slored liquid manures), pH ash. potassium,
calcium, magnesium, phosphorus; chloride;
copper and zi ic (only for pig manure).
Determinations tor pollution of groundwater,
drain water, or surface water pollution should
be bn.ed on' pH. conductivity, suspended
mailer and/or (">} settleable solids, dry
matter; ash (or volatile solids); chemical
oxygen demand; bioch"mical oxygen demand;
total, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen;
total, ortho and organic phosphorus; chloride,
potassium, copper and zinc Chemical proper-
ties to be checked in the soil should include:
pH, conductivity organic matter; total and
aclive CaCCU. total, ammonium, nitrite and
nitrate nitrogen; total and extractable P)
phosphorus, sulphur; chloride; extractable (')
potassium, lotal and extractable (7) copper
and zinc Soil physical determinations that
shouM be made for the siudy of transport of
133
-------
manure components include: moisture con-
tent; particle size distribution; particle and
bulk density; total porosity; pore size distribu-
tion jpF-curve) "unsalu rated permeability");
water saturated permeability. "First priority"
parameters for crops to be determined In the
laboratory for establishing the effect of
manuring should be: (1) for all crops: dry
matter; ash; organic nitrogen; total phos-
phorus; potassium. (2) for grass: nitrate
nitrogen; magnesium and calcium; in vitro
digestibility; copper and zinc (where pig
manure is concerned). (3) for sugar beets:
sugar content (and amino acids?). (4) for
starch potatoes: starch content. (Merryman -
East Central)
4743-A11, A12, B5, C2, E2
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
OF ANIMAL MANURES WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO
THE ISOLATION OF ESCHER-
ICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA
SPECIES AND THE DETERMIN-
ATION OF THEIR IN VITRO
ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY
Veterinary College of Ireland, Dublin, 4.
Ireland
W. R. Kelly
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, a
Seminar on fie EEC Programme of Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976. p.
665-673. 3 fig., 4 ref.
Keywords: Land application. Cattle wastes.
Sheep wastes, Patnogenic bacteria. Carcass
contamination. Public health. Animal health,
Salmonella spp., Escherichia colt.
Land application of animal manures can result
in the contamination of grasslands with such
pathogenic micro-organisms as Salmonella
spp. and Escherichia coli, both of which may
be antibiotic-resistant. Along with the animal
health problems which may arise therefrom,
the extent to which such treatment may give
rise to indirect contamination, with these
organisms, or sheep and cattle carcasses
during slaughter is also a matter of concern.
Work is in progress to elucidate these
problems. Cattle and sheep are being kept
under: (1) commercial and (2) experimental
condiiionstobeexaminedduringa2x 1 oral
x 2 year cycle (for cattle) and a 1 year cycle (for
sheep) while on (i) grass, (il) silage and/or (Hi)
hay from (a) slurry-treated or (b) untreated
grassland. The carcasses of these animals will
be examined at community approved
slaughtering premises. Sampling and analyti-
cal methods are outlined. (Merryman - East
Central)
4744-A8, B5, C2, E2
THE NITROGEN
SHEET
BALANCE
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr), The
Netherlands
G. J Kolenbrander
Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading, A
Seminar on Ihe EEC Programme ol Co-ordin-
ation of Research on Effluents, organized by
the "Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico," 41
100 Modena, Italy, Sept. 20-24, 1976, p.
693-698. 2 ref.
Keywords: Nitrogen, Organic wastes. Soil
chemical properties, Biological fixation,
Leaching, Volatilization.
The Input of the nitrogen store in the soil
consist of the following elements: rainfall,
seed, biological fixation — (a) non-symbiotic
{Azotobacter, closlridium bulyricum, blue-
green algae) and (b) symbiotic (legumes),
organic manures and fertilizers. The output of
the soil's nitrogen store consists of: nitrogen
removed from the harvested crop, nitrogen
leached, nitrogen volatilized — (a) ammonia or
(b) denitrification (NjO, Nj). The nitrogen
contribution of seeds, rainfall, manure, fer-
tilizer, crop Nt-store at the end of the
experiment, and Nj-store at the start of the
experiment can be established very exactly by
analyzing water and soil quantities for their
total nitrogen content. Biological fixation,
leaching and volatilization are less easy to
establish exactly. Because it is very difficult to
get a precise estimation of the amount of
nitrogen fixed from the air by biological
activity, legumes are generally excluded from
the experiments. Nitrogen input via non-
symbiotic fixation is estimated at about 7 kg N
ha"'.y"'. Nitrogen leaching can be determined
by measuring the amounts of drainage water
and the nitrogen concentration of this water.
Volatilization is determined only indirectly by
difference, taking into account input, output,
and change in soil nitrogen. It will be
necessary to verify the nitrogen balance sheet
by measuring elements which are not lost to
the air and which are not fixed from the air, to
get an impression of the real value of the
nitrogen balance sheet. Such an element may
be chlorine or total phosphorus. Short term
residual effect of nitrogen can be determined
by means of field experiments in which
fertilizer and/or organic manure is applied In
different, increasing amounts. The first year
effect in the next year can be found by
measuring dry matter production in that year
without fertilizer application. The first year
effect and residual effect of organic manures
can be measured in the same way and
expressed as a percentage of 100 kg N.
ha applied as fertilizer. This type of research
will never give any information about leaching
and denitrification because no real balance
sheet is made (Merryman - East Central)
4745-A3, A4, B2, El, E2, Fl, F2
COSTS OF SELECTED WASTE-
HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR
DAIRY FARMS
Department of Agricultural Economics and
Agribusiness, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
K. W. Paxton and M. Hromadka
Louisiana Agriculture, V. 20, No. 2. p. 10-11,
1977-78. 2 tab.
Keywords: Dairy industry, Waste handling.
Regulation, Louisiana, Economics, Land dis-
posal, Irrigation, Lagoons, Water pollution,
Agricultural runoff.
Dairy farmers in Louisiana as well as livestock
producers throughout the nation will be faced
with decisions about investments in waste-
handling facilities. This report has presented
a summary of research directed toward
providing information to be used In the
decision-making process. The survey of dairy
farms in Louisiana revealed that smaller scale
daily operations are likely to be more severely
affected by EPA regulation, primarily because
smaller dairy operations and waste-handling
systems are not generally considered ade-
quate to meet the proposed guidelines. Larger
dally farms, on the other hand, tended to be
better equipped to meet these guidelines. The
economic engineering analysis demonstrated
that land disposal was a costly addition to a
waste-handling system regardless of the
method used. Not only was land disposal more
expensive, but this also tended to require
more labor. Labor requirements of a waste-
handling system with land disposal could be
minimized by investing in additional equip-
ment, such as an irrigation system. (Merry-
man - East Central)
4746-A4, A12, B2, C3, Dl, D3
BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGA-
TION OF ALBERTA MEAT-
PACKING PLANT WASTES WITH
EMPHASIS ON SALMONELLA
ISOLATION
Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Pro-
tection Service, Environment Canada,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
J. M. Vanderpost and J. B. Bell
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, V.
33, No. 3, p. 538-545, March, 1977. 8 tab., 22
ref.
Keywords: Meat-packing plant wastes,
Salmonella, Waste treatment, Effluents, Con-
forms, Fecal conforms. Drug resistance,
Water pollution. Public health.
The waste treatment facilities and final
effluents of 11 meat-packing plants In the
province of Alberta were investigated primar-
ily to determine the numbers of Indicator
bacteria and the presence of Salmonella. This
was done to discover the efficiency of the
treatment systems presently In operation in
reducing bacterial numbers and to establish
the need for disinfection and for bacterial
standards for these effluents. Data obtained
showed that the final effluents were of very
poor quality bacterlologically, with numbers
of indicator organisms comparable to those
found in raw sewage. Primary treatment
facilities were ineffective In reducing the
numbers of these bacteria. The secondary
treatment facility Investigated achieved
greater than a 99 percent reduction of
indicator bacteria. Salmonella were isolated
from the final effluents of 78 percent of the
plants, including the plant using secondary
treatment. In total, 21 Salmonella serotypes
were isolated. Salmonella isolates were not
antibiotic resistant, but certain conform and
fecal conform isolates demonstrated
resistance to chloramphenlcol, tetracycllne,
and ampiclllln. (Vanderpost-Envlronment
Protection Service)
4747-A4, A7, AH, Bl, El, F2
POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN
CANADA AFFECTING THE LIVE-
STOCK INDUSTRY
Engineering Research Service, Canada Agri-
culture, Ottawa, Canada
F. P. More
Paper No. 71-920, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1971 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 7-10,1971, 13 p. 4 ref.
134
-------
Keywords: Waste disposal, Pollution, Regula-
tion, Legal aspects, Canada, Federal Fisheries
Act.
Documents that have compiled and consoli-
dated much of the pollution legislation and
judiciously selected sections of Acts and their
Regulations were reviewed to Indicate the
extent of existing legislation pertinent to
livestock production and manure management
in Canada. The Federal Fisheries Act has
implications In all parts of Canada since this
legislation covers the control of pollution In
water frequented by fish, and fish frequent
most lakes and rivers In Canada. Each
province has legislation covering the general
control from any source of water pollution
beyond certain limits or where the public
health is endangered. Some provinces have
extended control to include the pollution of
soil and air, while one province, Ontario,
encompasses a broad range of contaminants
present in the natural environment. In three
provinces, reasonable land disposal of animal
waste from traditional or normal farm
operations are exempted from certain require-
ments of their Acts, while Alberta and New
Brunswick have rather specific regulations
under their health acts directed at livestock
production and/or manure management.
Although it is not legislation, Ontario has a
Suggested Code of Practice concerning the
establishment of livestock buildings and
animal waste disposal, and one province,
Saskatchewan, has a pollution control act
directed specifically to their livestock produc-
tion industry. {More- Canada Agriculture)
4748-B3, Cl, Dl
A MATHEMATICAL DRYING
MODEL FOR MANURE BASED
ON THE CONCEPT OF A RECED-
ING EVAPORATIVE INTERFACE
Biological & Agricultural Engineering De-
partment, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27667
p. H. Wiliits, I. J. Ross, G. M. White, and H.
E. Hamilton
Paper No. 74-4512, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois,
Dec. 10-13, 1974, 58 p. 9 fig., 10 tab., 36 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Evaporative inter-
face model, Exponential drying model, Dry-
ing, Poultry wastes, Cylinders, Spheres,
Temperature.
Two versions of a semi-empirical model based
on the concept of a receding evaporative
interface have been developed to describe the
drying of formed poultry manure. The two-
parameter version of the evaporative interface
model, equation (23), was developed for
cylindrical geometries using equation (21) to
describe the behavior of the Interface temp-
erature. The one-parameter version was
developed for cylindrical and spherical
geometries (equations (26) and (28) respect-
ively) using equation (24) to describe the
interface temperatures. Both versions of the
mode! were evaluated using data obtained
from the drying of poultry manure formed into
two shapes (cylindrical and spheres), for three
diameters (25.4, 19.1, and 12.7 mrn for
cylinders; 31.8, 25.4, and 19.1 mm for
spheres) and three air temperatures (65.6,
93.3, and 121.1°C) The results indicate that
the one-parameter version is superior to the
two-parameter version for the purpose of
predicting drying times. They also show that,
for the conditions of this study, the predicted
values of the parameter p and the surface
conductance he('or the one-parameter version
of the model) are sufficiently well behaved
that p can be treated as a constant and h0can
be represented by equation (33) for cylinders
and equation (34) for spheres. For p equal to
0.563 and h0 determined as above, the
one-parameter version of the evaporative
interface model was used to predict drying
times with an overall average percent error of
less than 10 percent. The one-parameter
version of the evaporative interface model was
compared to the exponential drying model
using the same data as above. The results
Indicate that both models performed equally
well In describing the drying of poultry
manure. The evaporative interface model,
however, possesses the following advantages
over the exponential model: (1) It directly
incorporates most of the variables that
influence drying into a single expression. (2) It
can be more easily extended to situations not
covered by available drying data because of
the reasonable behavior of the predicted
values of ho and p. (3) It provides a more
complete understanding of the mechanisms of
drying highly porous materials. Thus, the
evaporative interface model is a significant
model for both the designer and the
researcher concerned with the drying of
highly porous materials such as poultry
manure. (Willets - North Carolina State
University)
4749-All, B2, C2
THE APPLICATION OF FLUSH-
ING MANURE-HANDLING SYS-
TEMS TO POULTRY BUILDINGS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
R. L. Fehr, R. J. Smith, and L. Blaylock
Paper No. 76-4512, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meet Ing,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14-17. 1976, 13 p. 4
fig., 6 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes. Flushing, Design,
Waste treatment, Recycling, Ventilation,
Performance, Ammonia, Temperature,
The design and operation of flushing manure-
handling systems installed at Iowa State
University and at the Supersweet Research
Farm are discussed. A fiushing-gutter ma-
nure-handling system for 1000 birds has been
operating in Unit D, Poultry Research Center,
Iowa State University, for the past 3 years.
The system includes in-house recycling,
effluent treatment, and effluent recycling.
The other flushing-gutter manure-handling
system, for 5000 birds, was Installed at the
Supersweet Research Farm, Courtiand,
Minnesota. This system also utilizes flushing
trays, but the cage arrangement was altered
to increase the cage density within the
building. A novel feature of the Courtiand
installation was the provision of air distribu-
tion tubes to evaluate the feasibility of zone
ventilation for poultry. Two experiments were
performed at the Supersweet Research Farm
to determine the Influence of manure-
handling and ventilation systems on layer
performance. Tho studies Indicated that (1)
Flushing manure-handling systems do not
adversely affect layer performance. (2) A
ducted-air-dlstrlbutlon system, coupled with a
flushing system, can Improve layer perform-
ance and may reduce deaths. (3) There Is a
significant Interaction between ammonia-
nitrogen concentrations In the flush water and
atmospheric-ammonia concentrations; there-
fore, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration of
the flush water should be maintained at as tow
a level as possible. (4) Flushing systems can
reduce the temperature of a poultry house If
water Is recycled from outside storage or a
lagoon during cold weather. Some beneficial
cooling may also occur In the summer. (5)
Flushing systems should be designed with
some control over flushing frequency, rather
than control over duration. (6) Flush trays
should be built without vertical lips, but the
tray-support system should be adjustable to
allow for leveling after construction. (7)
Flushing manure-handling systems are
economically feasible but are subject to the
same constraints as flushing systems used for
other species. These constraints Include
environmental aspects of anaerobic lagoons,
and the need to have control over land on
which to apply lagoon effluent. (Merryman -
East Central)
4750-B2, B4, Fl
ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS FOR UNDERFLOOR
MANURE-STORAGE TANKS
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa
R. L. Huhnke and J. 0. Curtis
Paper No. 75-4508, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1975 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 15-18, 1975, 30 p. 7
fig., 10 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Waste storage, Storage tanks,
Design, Construction materials, Costs.
This study was undertaken to find the most
economical underfloor manure-storage tank
among four alternatives: (1) reinforced con-
crete, (2) reinforced concrete masonry, (3)
reinforced surface bonded, and (4) wood. A
quantitative analysis of all labor, supplies,
and materials costs was used to determine the
most economical tank design. The conclusions
of this study are as follows: (1) The reinforced
concrete waN was consistently the highest coat
wall compared to the other three alternatives.
The high cost was due to the necessity of
forms for the placement of the concrete. «n
some instances, the cost of material and labor
for the forms was double the material and
labor cost of the wall Itself. (2) The wood wall,
at the 4 ft level, was found the most
economical wall. In some cases, wood was also
the most economical at the 6- ft height. (3) The
reinforced concrete-masonry wall was found
to be the most economical overall wall for an
underfloor manure-storage tank. Reinforced
concrete masonry continually ranked first or
second as the most economical alternative. (4)
Because of the differences of materials cost
between mortar and surface bond, She
reinforced surface-bonded wall was uniformly
greater in cost than the reinforced concrete-
masonry wall. In some Instances, the differ-
ence Is only a few cents per linear ft of wall,
resulting in reinforced surface bonding rank-
ing with reinforced concrete masonry. (5)
Standard estimating guides can be used to set
trends for cost comparisons, but local prices
and wages must be used to make the final
decision. (Huhnks-lowa State University)
4751-A4, Bl, D2, D3, E4, Fl
DISPOSAL OF FEE3LGT
WASTES USING A TWO-STAGE
PROCESS WITH NET ENERGY
PRODUCTION
135
-------
Kansas Water Resources Research Institute,
Manhattan, Kansas
K. A. Bishop and H F. Rosson
Project Completion Report KWRRI Contribu-
tion No. 186, Kansas Water Resources
Research Institute, Jan., 1977, 62 p. 10 fig.,
17 tab., 18 ref
Keywords: Water pollution, Feedlots, Waste
disposal, Oxidation, Incineration, Energy, By-
product recovery, Effluents, Economics.
Control of water pollution from feedlot
operations continues to be a ma]or problem. In
certain cases, the choice of a disposal process
which will result in a saleable by-product
could partially or completely defray the
expense of manure disposal. A process In
which energy is the by-product is thermo-
dynamlcally feasible; about half of the heating
value of the manure can be recovered as
useful thermal energy. A process was
envisioned in which wet, undrled feedlot
manure would undergo a wet oxidation
reaction followed by a second Incineration
step to complete the oxidation, with requisite
heat exchange to recover thermal energy. In
support of the wet oxidation step, experi-
mental data on heating value, equilibrium
oxidation, and kinetic rate were obtained
These data correspond reasonably well to
literature values for domestic sewage sludge,
the principal variation probably being due to
particle size distribution. Because small
particle size tends to favor rapid kinetics,
control thereof should lead to lower pressure
operation In smaller equipment, resulting In
capital and operational economies. Because of
the very dilute nature of the wet oxidation
effluent and the low heating value of the
contained solids, use of a second-stage
Incinerator was counterproductive to the
overall system. (Bishop-Kansas Water
Resources Research Institute)
47S2-B2, Cl, C2, D3
PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF
FEEDLOT RUNOFF
Water Resources Research Institute, Univer-
sity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
T. J. McGhae
Research Project Technical Completion Re-
port, University of Nebraska, June 15, 1974,
18 p. 11 fig., 1 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Feedlots,
Waste water treatment, Biological treatment,
Aerobic treaiment, Chemical properties,
Color, Adsorption, Design, Chemical oxygen
demand, Soils.
Afield treatment system was designed, based
upon the results of laboratory studies, to treat
settled feedlot runoff. The system was
operated at liquid retention times of one to
four days Routine data measurements in-
cluded COD of the raw and treated wastes,
Influent, effluent, and mixed liquor sus-
pended solids, organic and ammonia nitrogen,
mixed liquor dissolved oxygen and effluent
BOD. Laboratory studies of residual color
removal by adsorption on soil columnt were
conducted. The soil columns ranged in depth
from three to six feet and were loaded at rates
ranging from one to four inches per day
Routine determinations of influent and efflu-
ent COD and color were made. Conclusions
were: (1) settled feedlot runoff may be
effectively stabilized in an aerobic biological
treatment system operated at a liquid reten-
tion time of two days; (2) the design
parameters for such a system are similar to
'hose of high-rate activated sludge; and (3)
the humic color characteristic of feedlot runoff
is effectively removed by adsorption In soil
particles. (McGhee Water Resources Re-
search Institute)
4753-B1, E3
A REVIEW OF MULCHES
CONTROL WIND EROSION
TO
Soil Scientist, North Central Region, USDA-
ARS, Manhattan, Kansas
D. V. Armbrust
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 20, No. 5, p.
904-910, Sept.-Oct., 1977 3 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Wind erosion, Mulches, Crop
residues, Chemical soil stabilizers, Fesdlot
wastes.
The need to increase food production and
improve the quality of our environment has
prompted a search for materials to control
wind and water erosion. This paper is a review
of research and development associated with
application, methods, and amounts of mulch
types -- crop residues, chemical soil stabili-
zers, and feedlot wastes (manure) - required
to control wind erosion. An effective wind
erosion control treatment is one that can resist
a 38.0 m/s wind as measured at 15.2 m. Any
crop residue, either grown In place or hauled
in and spread, can control wind erosion.
Hauled-in residues must be spread and
anchored to the soil surface by a packer or an
anchoring agent, i.e., cutback asphalt or
asphalt emulsion. Depending on residue type,
minimum amounts needed to control wind
erosion are 4 5 to 11 t/ha. Chemical soil
stabilizers, i.e., asphalt, polyvinyl alcohol,
styrene-butadiene latex emulsions, and
resins-ln-water emulsions control wind ero-
sion effectively if properly diluted and applied
to cover the total soil surface at volumes of at
least 3785 L/ha. Wet feedlot manure applied
to a highly-erodible sand controlled erosion
with 31.8 t/ha surface-applied or 52.3 t/ha
tilled-in with a tandem disk. (Armbrust-
USDA)
4754-A4, A12, 31, C3
MICROBIOLOGY AND CHEM-
ISTRY STUDIES OF WATER
QUALITY FACTORS IN A WA-
TERSHED USED FOR MUNICI-
PAL SUPPLY AND WASTE DIS-
POSAL (PHASE II)
Department ol Microbiology, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59715
J. E. Schillinger and D. G. Stuart
MUJWRRC Report No. 74, Montana Univer-
sity Joint Water Resources Research Center,
Montana State University, March, 1976, 124
p. 71 fig., 21 tab., 47 ref.
Keywords: Municipal watersheds, Water
quality, Logging, Cattle wastes, Animal
wastes, Agricultural runoff, Sewage, Indicator
bacteria, Stream chemistry, Urban pollution,
Bacterial distributions, Public health.
Chemical and bacteriological studies of sev-
eral land uses were performed to determine
relative impacts on water quality. Outdoor
recreation, camping, and a winter ski devel-
opment demonstrated no measurable adverse
impacts on water quality. Clearcut logging
with the use of streamslde buffer zones
resulted in little change in stream quality n
the South Fork of Bozeman Creek. Wild
animals appeared to cause bacterial contam-
ination in the Bozeman Creek municipal
watershed. Cattle grazing also resulted in
some bacteriological stream quality degrada-
tion In several tributaries of the Hyalite
drainage. Further research is required to
assess adequately the public health signifi-
cance of the bacterial levels observed.
Agricultural runoff caused increased levels of
chemical nutrients and indicator bacteria in
the lower reaches of Bridger Creek, Hyalite
Creek, and in the East Gallatin River. It
appears that better streamside land-use
practices could alleviate these adverse water
quality Impacts. Suburban and urban pollu-
tion along Bozeman Creek resulted in large
increases in stream bacterial concentrations;
much of which could be eliminated by
repairing sewer leaks. Municipal sewage
treatment plant effluent caused degraded
conditions in the East Gallatin River for
approximately 14 miles downstream from the
outfall. Problems associated with recovery of
indicator bacteria from water were also
investigated. Bacterial injury was observed to
result in incomplete recovery of indicator
bacteria from streams by some laboratory
methods Differences in the degree of aquatic
injury were also observed at various locations
throughout the Gallatin drainage. Changes
observed in coliform species distributions and
in survival rates for different bacteria lead to
questions concerning some of the assumptions
that have been made regarding conforms and
enteric pathogens. (Schillinger-Montana State
University)
47S5-B1
BEEF FEEDLOTS IN THE HUMID
SOUTHEAST
Agricultural Engineering Department, Clem-
son University, Clemson, South Carolina
29631
C. L. Barth and R. O. Hegg
Paper No. 76-4519, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14-17, 1976, 10 p. 4
fig., 3 tab.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle, Southeast U.S.,
State-of-the-art, Design.
A state-of-the-art is presented concerning
beef feedlots constructed in the Southeast.
The Southeast is characterized as having high
rainfall and high temperatures, usually result-
ing in high humidities. Four beef feedlots in
South Carolina, which offer a range in size,
housing facilities and waste management
techniques exemplifying the types of feedlot
operations existing in the Southeast, are
featured in this paper. Criteria that were
taken into account in the original design of the
feedlots and modifications or desired modifi-
cations which would -Improve management
were also discussed. Study results revealed
the following criteria as a basis for design
standards for beef feedlots in the Southeast:
(1) 75 lo 150 head per lot, (2) 30 to 50 square
feet of lot area per head, (3) entire feedlot area
under roof without sidewalls, (4) 5 to 8 Inches
of feeder space per head, (5) 1 to 2 inches of
watering space per head, (6) full line of cattle
handling equipment and facilities, (7) con-
crete floors throughout feedlot, cable, wire or
rod fences, (9) manure removal each 10 to 20
days in solid floor systems, and (10) precon-
ditioning of animals on pasture or unsurfaced
lots is desirable (Merryman - Ea:t Centra!)
136
-------
4756-B2, E2
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID
MANURE SPREADING AND IN-
JECTION SYSTEM
47S8-B1, B4, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E2,
E3
HANDLING HOUSED BEEF CAT-
TLE FEEDLOT MANURE
4760-B2, B4, Fl
A NEW APPROACH IN NON-
SLATTED LIQUID WASTE SWINE
HOUSING SYSTEMS
Hawk Bill Co., Vinton, Iowa
J. H. Hodgson
Paper No. 76-1585, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14-17, 1976, 16 p. 6
fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Equipment, Liquid wastes, Land
spreading, Soil injection, Design.
This paper describes the design of a liquid
manure spreader and a three-point tractor
mounted injector. This system can either
surface spread or inject slurry with equal
speed and precision The system was
designed so that the pumping means on the
spreader would: provide adequate agitation
while unloading, create enough pressure to
force material through the Injector, be able to
discharge slurries to 15 percent solids at 500
gal/min, be able to be powered at 540 or 1000
RPM, eliminate any valves that would tend to
freeze or corrode, and not leak or spill In
transit. The system was designed to provide
adequate flotation In hauling and a wheel
tread suitable for row crops. The injector is
highly maneuverable, has a capacity to inject
500 gal/min at 10-12" depth, has adjustable
chisel spacing, and has good depth control
and trash clearance. Production was started In
May, 1976 and market acceptance has been
excellent. (Hodgson - Hawk Belt Co.)
4757-A1, A7, Bl, Dl
ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT
OF IN-HOUSE DRYING OF
POULTRY EXCRETA
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843
J. E. Dixon, M. L. Esmay, J. B. Gerrish, C. C
Sheppard, C. J. Flegal, H. C. Zindel, and T.
S. Chang
Paper 74-4529, American Society of Agricul-
tural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 13 p. 1
fig., 3 tab., 22 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Drying, In-house
environmental effects, Temperature, Humid-
ity, Ventilation.
A demonstration project was undertaken to
design, construct and test a poultry house
which would maximize the drying of poultry
manure, ultimately producing a dry, relatively
stable product. The purpose of this paper was
to report the effect, if any, of the drying on the
environment within the house. Study of the
cage laying house, which used ventilating air
to dry droppings, yielded the following facts.
It was found that, except during summer
conditions, drying of manure under cages can
be done while maintaining the recommended
in-house temperature, in the summer, the
in-house temperature exceeds the recom-
mended inside temperature. It was also found
the drying of the manure can Increase the
relative humidity to values greater than are
recommended. Air velocities under the cages
indicated that a large portion (88 percent) of
the air passing under the cages through the
cage rows passed along the floor. (Merryman -
East Central)
ARS, USDA, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68503
C. B. Gllbertson and J. A. Nlenaber
Paper No. 74-4004, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Annual Meet-
Ing, Oklahoma State University, June 23-26,
1974, 21 p 2 fig., 4 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Design, Feedlots, Cattle, Waste
management, Waste storage, Waste treat-
ment, Waste transport, Separation techni-
ques, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Flushing, Waste disposal, Recycling.
A housed beef cattle waste management
system may be designed for liquid, solid, or
combination liquid and solid waste handling.
Several of the system components may be
interchangeable with other components if
designed properly. A knowledge of the
individual feeder's operation, physical and
chemical properties of the waste, and regula-
tory aspects will provide Insight to integrating
components Into a workable system. (Gilbert-
son - University of Nebraska)
4759-B3, Cl, C3, Dl, D3, Fl
MECHANIZED COMPOSTING
SYSTEM EVALUATION
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Maryland, College Park, Mary-
land
J. W. Hummel, and B. V. Lessley
Paper No 74-4513, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 9 p. 1 fig.,
4 tab.
Keywords' Composting, Mechanical equip-
ment, Dairy wastes, Temperature, Moisture
content, Costs.
Studies at the University of Maryland on
factors that control the aerobic composting
process led to a laboratory mechanized
composting system. The success of the
laboratory mechanized composting system
and the potential use for the material
produced culminated In a pilot scale mechan-
ized composting system for the University's
80-cow dairy herd on the College Park
Campus. The system concept provides oxygen
to support the aerobic microorganisms, agita-
tion to counteract moisture migration and
settling, and moves the composting mass
through a 60-foot channel in approximately 15
days. The thermophilic microorganisms in-
crease the manure temperature to 120° F
during the first 24 hours. During the
remaining 14-day residence In the channel,
the temperature ranges from 120 to 160° F.
Since the material is not completely com-
posted by the end of the 15 days, it is removed
from the channel and placed In programmed
windrow storage for 15-20 more days. It was
found that this composting system: (1)
requires very strict adherence to maximum
charge material moisture content, (2) requires
very little additional management, (3) pro-
duces a material which is appealing to urban
homeowners, and (4) can produce composted
cow manure at a cost that is competitive with
other similar or substitute products already
marketed. An economic analysis of the
system, including an investment analysis and
cost of the system per unit of compost
produced, is given. (Merryman - East Central)
Agricultural Engineering Department, Col-
lege of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
D. J. Meyer
Paper No. 74-4533, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 7 p. 1 fig.,
2 tab., 11 ref
Keywords: Swine wastes, Housing, Design,
Storage pits, Performance, Costs.
A new approach In swine confinement
finishing is discussed In terms of building
construction, waste removal system and the
system's performance. A "round" (10-sided)
building of 76-foot diameter was constructed
which has a feeding-sleeping area toward the
outer part of the circular plan, and a
manuring-waterlng area toward the center.
The 10 pens are wedge-shaped and can hold
50 pigs each. The center of the building has a
smalI, short-term storage pit for the liquid and
solid wastes. Floors sloping toward the pit aid
in draining the liquid wastes. A rotating
sweep collects and transfers the solid wastes
from the manuring-watering area to the
storage pit, but further developmental work is
necessary to optimize this unit. Currently,
daily hand scraping moves the manure into
the pit. All solids and liquids are retained in
the center pit until mixed and then they are
gravity flushed to a large outside storage
facility. The building and waste removal
system have performed with a minimum of
labor since April 12, 1974, with no winter
experience yet. The hog and pit odors are less
than in slatted floor confinement units,
primarily due to the large air duct draft and
daily manure removal. (Merryman East
Central)
4761-A5, A8, Bl, C2
NITROGEN LEVELS UNDER A
SWINE FEEDLOT IN SOUTH
CAROLINA
Agricultural Engineering Department,
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29631
R. A. Spray and T. C. Peele
Paper No. 74-4534, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 18 p. 10
fig., 1 tab
Keywords: Feedlots, Swine, Management,
South Carolina, Soil contamination, Ground-
water pollution, Guidelines, Nitrogen.
A field study was conducted of a commercial
pig feedlot operation to determine its effects
on the soil and groundwater. The study was
conducted in order to collect background
information for developing management
guidelines for farmers with similar operations.
The feedlot studied was located in the Coastal
Plain of South Carolina with a sandy loam soil.
The swine were finished on the ground with
no buildings. Determinations were made of
nitrates in the soil and groundwater under
three adjacent lots. Soil samples were taken 3
times and groundwater samples were taken
nine times during the 16 months that the lots
were observed Data collected from the study
cannot be used to establish guidelines for
controlling soil and groundwater nitrate levels
13''
-------
because this was a field study rather than an
experiment designed to eliminate variations
statistically. However, the following recom-
mendations were made as a result of the
study: (1) The 3 lots should be used in the hog
feeding operation with a rotational schedule
that keeps animals off the lot for 4 months
each year. (2) Lots should be cropped to utilize
the fertilizer reserve in the soil. (3) Soil
compaction in the base areas around the
feeders and fence line should be tilled so that
vegetation could be reestablished in these
spots. (Merryman - East Central)
4762-A12, Bl
SAFETY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED
WITH LIVESTOCK WASTE
National Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois
W. J. Fletcher
Paper No. 71-911, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1971, 13 p. 2 fig., 8
ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Accidents, Manage-
ment, Safety, Livestock wastes, Equipment,
Drownings, Gases, Toxicity, Explosions, Pre-
vention.
While changes In livestock waste handling
methods have added new risks to the Job with
which feedlot workers are not always familiar,
survey shows incidence of waste handling
accidents appears to be falling. This paper
attempts to put Into perspective feedlot
hazards, the incidence of accidents, and the
countermeasures which must be continually
brought to the attention of engineers,
farmers, and workers to prevent unexpected
occurrences which may result In accidents.
Accidents occurring in "solid" waste are
primarily related to machinery and equip-
ment. Wrapping up of legs in the manure
spreader power take-off Is probably the most
frequent accident of this type. Front end
loaders on agricultural tractors tend to be
unstable during loading and transport unless
adequate counter-balancing weights are put
on the rear. Quick turns or even small bumps
in the travel path have caused these loaded
tractors to overturn with disastrous results.
Most other accidents are traceable to facili-
ties using liquid or slurry forms of waste
handling. These include such accidents as:
drownlngs in liquid manure pits, temporary
illness resulting from exposure to manure
gases, and explosions related to manure gas
accumulations. Attention must continually be
directed toward the obvious and obscure
hazards that surround any facility where
livestock waste or other organic wastes are
stored or handled. Protective measures must
be taken to prevent falls. Provision for
fail-safe gas removal facilities should be
incorporated in all livestock housing facilities
where liquid wastes are stored. Supplied-alr
breathing equipment or positive ventilation of
enclosed waste storage should be provided for
anyone who must enter these enclosed spaces.
Water traps or some positive device to prevent
flow of toxic gases from outside storage pits
back Into livestock structures should be
provided. Thorough ventilation is usually the
best defense against a gas explosion. No
person should enter any enclosed space,
particularly one underground, unless he has
an assistant in a safe atmosphere and is
connected to a life line with the necessary
lifting force to take him out of the hole should
this become necessary. (Merryman East
Central)
4763-B1, D3
MODELING TECHNIQUES AND
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
TREATMENT PROCESSES
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
32611
D. T. Hill, and R. A. Nordstedt
Paper No. 77-4030, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 25 p. 12 fig., 12 ref.
Keywords- Computer models, Biological
treatment, Swine wastes, Poultry wastes,
Food wastes, Design, Biodegradabllity, State-
of-the-Art, Equations.
Over the past three years, mathematical
modeling and simulation of biological waste
treatment processes have produced two
verified models using real data. Wastes that
have been simulated using these models
includes swine, poultry, and a food waste.
Mucn experience gained building these
models is now being incorporated Into design
recommendations for extension personnel.
The start-up period, the first 15 to 30 days, is
most critical for digestion. Without constant
attention, the acid-pH combination will inhibit
the digester. A complete draining and restart
is necessary at this point. If the failure is
caught before complete inhibition, one can
sometimes salvage the process without a
restart by adding sodium bicarbonate. From a
model analysis standpoint, the period where
the model is most likely to diverge or become
unstable is in the first thirty days as well.
Since all variables are maintained in units of
moles/1 internally in the model, and since the
concentrations are very small, input variables
are critical. Even a slight mistake In
calculating input variables will cause insta-
bility in the mathematical calculations. It has
been commonly agreed that swine waste is
both less biodegradable and more acid than
poultry waste under digestion. Quantitatively,
no one knew for sure. Using these models and
the mathematics developed, values can now
be placed on these terms. For swine waste
the "biodegradabillty" constant (YCIX) are
0.249 and 0.55, respectively. The values for
poultry waste are 0.243 and 0.85. Within the
framework of the model, these values pro-
duced the best fit of simulated data to real
data and verify the qualitative statement
above. These constants are defined only for
use within these models. They have no
absolute meaning. These two models are
inexpensive to run on IBM 370 equipment. A
typical run for the lagoon model for 365 days
is about $.40. The digester model will run for
365 days for about $1.00. This includes
graphical output of data. These are indeed
cheap design tools when compared to physical
experimentation. However, one must realize
that they were developed and verified at great
expense using physical simulators. These
models represent state-of-the-art in simulat-
ing agricultural waste treatment processes.
They are intended as a base in which further
refinement will produce better models. (Hill -
University of Florida)
4764-A3, A8, 32, 35, C2, E2
LONG-TERM FESCUE AND
COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS
CROP RESPONSE TO SWINE
LAGOON EFFLUENT
Biological and Agricultural Engineering De-
partment, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
P. W. Westerman, M. R. Overcash, J. C.
Burns, L. D. King, and F. J. Humenlk
Paper No. 77-2002, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meeting
North Carolina State University, June 26-29,
1977, 27 p. 2 fig., 15 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Swine wastes,
Effluents, Coastal bermudagrass, Fescue,
Crop response, Agricultural runoff, Soil
chemical properties.
Irrigation of swine lagoon effluent on Coastal
bermudagrass - Norfolk sandy loam plant-soil
sites for four years and on fescue - Cecil clay
loam plant-soil sites for two years have not
adversely affected yields or caused nutrient
abnormalities in the foliage, even with high
application rates such as 1350 kg/ha/yr of
TKN. Yields were generally excellent for all
irrigated plots and removal of most elements
in 1973-1975 was unusually high for the
low-rate Coastal bermudagrass plots. The
Coastal bermudagrass crop removal compared
to applied amounts was about 65 to 70 percent
for N and 60 to 70 percent for K for the
low-rate treatment. This percent decreased
with increased loading rate, and for the high
rate treatment was only about 30 to 35 percent
for N and 25 to 30 percent for K. Since large
amounts of the nutrients applied on the
high-rate plot have not been removed In the
foliage, they are subject to accumulation or
water transport. Transport by surface runoff
at the Coastal bermudagrass sites has been
less than 5 percent of the amount applied In
essentially all cases, but thesubsurface lateral
water transport has not been evaluated. Soil
concentration levels have generally Increased
with loading rate and with years of Irrigation,
but, as stated previously, elemental compo-
sition of the Coastal bermudagrass has not
been adversely affected. Irrigation of swine
lagoon effluent on Coastal bermudagrass and
fescue during their growing seasons provides
an excellent means of utilizing swine wastes
as well as disposal of lagoon effluent.
However, the maximum allowable loading
rate for long-term application cannot be
evaluated from two to four years of data. Soil
reserve increases and nitrate movement
downward indicates that more years of
application are needed to determine long-term
effects. (Westerman-North Carolina State
University)
476S-A6, B2, C2, D2, D3, E3, Fl
MICROALGAE AS A MEANS OF
RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTES
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
E. P. Lincoln, D. T. Hill and R. A. Nordstedt
Paper No. 77-5026, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 18 p. 9 fig., 6 ref.
Keywords: Recycling, Waste treatment,
Swine wastes, Lagoons, Anaerobic conditions,
Algae, Refeeding, Economics, Ammonia
nitrogen removal, Odor reduction.
The essential feature of any Implementation
plan involving algal recycling is to make best
use of existing waste treatment facilities. In
the present study, these consisted of a reliably
functioning anaerobic lagoon and an adequate
flushing system. The initial cost of materials
and labor for the algae production unit was
138
-------
about $4,000, excluding power-line installa-
tion. Somewhat less than half of this was
invested in the separation plant. Thus the
growth unit itself cost in the neighborhood of
$2,250. For the degree of waste treatment
obtained, this is unquestionably a good
investment. Of primary interest in this report,
though, is the economic feasibility of the feed
recycling scheme. In the present culture,
where algal growth was relatively abundant,
the mean retrieval rate of the dry algae was
about 180 kg (400 Ibs) per million liters
processed. The operating expense of major
consequence is the cost of flocculating
chemicals. The standard reagent for this
purpose is alum which, at the time of
purchase, cost $136 per ton. The optimal
dosage of 70 ppm by weight therefore brought
the flocculation cost to $53 per ton of dry
algae. Obviously, flocculation is not the only
cost in algae production, but it Is the main
operating expense, since automation will
largely replace labor in subsequent genera-
tions o' the system, and amortization of
capital equipment can probably be justified
by waste treatment alone in most situations
where recycling will be a consideration. The
cost of electric power is negligible, ordinarily
running less than $1.25 a week. In terms of
overhead, therefore, the algae production
facility cannot be considered excessive,
especially as an adjunct to a fully staffed
animal production unit. The economics of this
system, in the last analysis, reduces to the
weight of flocculant used per unit weight of
dry algae recovered. In recent harvests, this
ratio has been brought as low as 1 /8. Also, on
occasion, it has been as high as 5/4. At the
above $136 per ton for flocculant, the cost per
ton of algae ranges from $17 to $170. By
comparison, the competing product, soybean
meal, now costs the livestock producer $325
per ton. Even with a considerable margin for
error, the algal product appears to be
economically competitive This, of course,
does not mean that one might go into algae
production lor profit. What it does mean is
that the producer who is now feeding 70
percent more protein nitrogen than he is
marketing might, with such a recycling
scheme, recoup some of the losses due to
wastage. In closely competitive business, this
could be a significant advantage. (Lincoln
University of Florida)
4766-A6, A8, All, Bl, C2, D2, E3
THE APPLICATION OF NATUR-
AL ZEOLITES IN ANIMAL
SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE
Department of Geology, Texas A&M Univer-
sity, College Station, Texas 77843
F. A. Mumpton and P. H. Fishman
Journal of Animal Science, V. 45, No. 5, p.
1188-1203, Nov., 1977. 12 fig., 9 tab., 44 ref.
Keywords: Zeolites, Dietary supplements,
Soil amendments, Agriculture, Aquaculture,
Waste treatment, Ion exchange, Ammonia,
Animal health, Odor control, Japan, United
States.
As agriculturalists increase their efforts to
expand crop and animal production, numer-
ous mineral materials are receiving greater
attention as soil amendments and as dietary
supplements in animal husbandry. The zeolite
group of minerals stands out among the rest,
and ts exciting bag of physical and chemical
tricks promises to contribute to many areas of
agriculture and aquaculture in the next
decade. Their abundance and availability has
aroused considerable interest in experiment
stations of several nations, although the
number of publications and amount of "hard"
data on their usefulness in agriculture are still
small A review of this subject reveals that
both the ion-exchange and adsorption proper-
ties of natural zeolites can be exploited to
make more efficient use of feed nitrogen In
animal nutrition, to reduce Intestinal diseases
prevalent in young swine and ruminants, to
control moisture and ammonia content of
animal manure, to purify reclrculating
hatchery waters in aquaculture, to provide
oxygen-enriched air for fish breeding and
transportation, and to reduce the nitrogen
content of feedloi and hatchery-runoff waters.
Most of this work has been carried out in
Japan where zeolite tuffs have been used for
years to control the malodor of animal wastes
and to raise the pH of acidic volcanic soils.
The addition of about 10 percent clinoptilolite
to the diets of chickens and pigs appears to
increase feed efficiency by as much as 25
percent. Studies in Japan and in the United
States suggest that the incidence of scours in
thevounq swine may be substantially reduced
by adding zeolites to the animal's rations.
' MM- sa'ne /eoli!'- cai; '- used to extraci
NH*,+ from animal wastes and hatchery
waters by ion exchange. Numerous deposits of
natural zeolites are known in the U.S.
totaling several hundred million metric tons.
Their flat-lying nature and closeness to the
surface suggests a large supply of inexpensive
zeolite are available to the industry in the
$50.00 to $75.00 per metric ton price range.
(Mumpton-Texas A&M University)
4767-B2, Cl, C2, D3, E3
COMMERCIAL SIZE ANAERO-
BIC DIGESTER PERFORMANCE
WITH DAIRY MANURE
Research md Development Division, A. 0.
Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
D. L. Pigg
Paper No. 77-4055, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 19 p. 8 fig., 3 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords Dairy wastes, Anaerobic digester,
Gas production, Methane, Recycling, Gas
storage, Total solids. Nitrogen, Effluents,
Fertilizers.
Harvestore structure components were mod-
ified to erect a single stage, mixed, and
heated (35* C) anaerobic digester on a
Wisconsin dairy farm. The digester had an
operating liquid volume of 120 m* (4250 ft )
and a floating roof providing a variable gas
storage of 28.3 m3 (1000 ft*) A. 0. Smith
Corporation operated the experimental
digester for an 18 month period. A batch
loading procedure at a frequency of 2 to 5 days
per week was used. The organic loading rate
ranged from 0 8 lo 4.6 gm VS/liter/day (.05 to
29 lb/ft*/day). Average daily gas production
was 96 rr?(34')0 ft^ at an average loading rate
of 1.92 gm VS/liter/day (0.12 Ib/ft3/day) and
a hydraulic retention time of 36 days.
Methane content of the biogas averaged 54
percent. Heat to the digester required 48
percent of the annual gas production. Total
solids were reduced 33 percent and 100
percent of the nitrogen was recovered in the
digester effluent. (Pigg-A. O. Smith Corpora-
tion)
4768-B3, Fl
TIME-MOTION ANALYSIS OF
FEEDLOT MANURE COLLEC-
TION SYSTEMS
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Texas A&M University, College Station,
Texas
J. M. Sweeten, D. L. Reddell, and C B.
Parnell, Jr.
Paper No. 77-4033, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 34 p. 4 fig., 9 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Manure collection, Time-motion
analysis, Feedlots, Elevating scraper, Wheel
loaders, Plowing, Energy, Economics.
Time-motion analysis was used to compare
alternate methods of feedlot manure collection
at 4 Texas feedlots (28,000 to 100,000 head
capacities) on the basis of machine produc-
tivity, energy consumption, and cost. Collec-
tion systems studied were elevating scraper,
wheel loader, and wheel loader plus plowing
or rototilling. Other objectives were to
compare wheel loader operator performances
and to determine the optimum combination of
wheel loader and truck fleet sizes for efficient
feedlot manure loading and hauling. From the
data analysis, the following conclusions were
drawn. (1) The maximum manure collection
rate of 176 tons per hour was obtained with
the wheel loader/chisel plow combination.
This was followed in order by the elevating
scraper (126 tons/hour), wheel loader (118
tons/hour), and wheel loader/rototiller (117
tons/hour). These values are based on 100
percent job efficiency (i.e. 60 minutes
operation per hour). (2) Wide variation in
observed collection rates indicates that more
observations are needed to establish reliable
averages (3) Assuming 100 percent job
efficiency, the most energy efficient system of
manure collection was the elevating scraper
(1.07 hp-hr/ton). Plowing or rototilling the
manure pack prior lo wheel loader collection
reduced energy consumption by 30 percent (to
1.17 and 1 21 hp-hr/ton) as compared to
collection with only the wheel loader (4)
Manure collection costs were similar for the
four systems studied averaging $0.19 per ton
(at 100 percent |ob efficiency) (5) Job
efficiencies for the elevating scraper, wheel
loaders and tractor-drawn scarifiers engaged
in manure collection averaged 90 percent, 79
percent, and H4 percent, respectively. (6) The
average rate of manure loading into spreader
trucks by wheel loaders was 205 tons per hour
Time required to load spreader trucks (10.3
tons per load) averaged 3.0 minutes (213 to
3 7 minute range). Loading rates were
governed mainly by the cycle time achieved by
the loader operator (7) Cost of loading feedlot
manure ranged from $0.08 to $014 per ton,
averaging $0.11 per ton. (8) The loader
operator rating scale and the spreader truck
cycle time curve developed from the time-
motion study can be useful tools in controlling
operator performance. (9) Finite source-cyclic
queueing theory (FCQT) can be successfully
applied to manure loading and hauling
operations to determine the most economic
number of manure trucks and loaders for a
given feedlot (Sweeten-Texas A&M Univer-
sity)
4769-B2, Cl, C2, D3, E3
PERFORMANCE OF A
SIZE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
FOR POULTRY MANURE
139
-------
Agricultural Engineering Department, Col-
lege of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
J C. Converse, G W. Evans, C. R.
Verhoeven, W. Gibbon, and M. Gibbon
Paper No. 77-4051, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 14 p. 1 fig., 7 tab , 6 ref.
Keywords. Anaerobic digester, Poultry
wastes, Liquid wastes, Performance, Re-
cycling, Methane, Energy, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties
A 96.5 m^liquid volume poultry digester with
a floating cover was evaluated for net methane
production The digester is 5.5 rn in diameter
and 3.7 m high with a 1.8 m cone on the
bottom. Mixing is done hydraulically with a
propeller in 3 10 cm by 4 3 draft tube. The
35° C temperature was maintained using a
25491 W output boiler attached to 74 m by 5.0
cm diameter black iron pipe. Manure was
added almost daily. The feeding rate ranged
from 1.4 to 2 0 kg VS/m^/d with detention
time ranging from 30 to 53 days. The four test
periods were 64 to 121 days long. The digester
was mixed 15 minutes every 2 hours during
the first 2 test periods and 15 minutes every 4
hours during last 2 tesl periods plus some
mixing during feeding of the digester. Poultry
manure was diluted to a total solids concentra-
tion ranging from 8.8 to 12 8 percent with
volatile solids ranging from 63 to 67 of TS.
Total nitrogen ranged from 7,000 to 12,000
mg/1 of which 60 to 65 percent was ammonia.
Volatile fatty acids ranged from 17,000 to
24,000 mg/1 as acetic and alkaliniiies ranged
from 14,000 to 19,000 mg/1 as CaCOj. Influent
pH was 7 4 to 7.5. Digester content total solids
ranged from 3.8 to 6 3 percent with volatile
solids ranging from 47 to 60 percent of TS.
Total nitrogen ranged from 7,500 to 10,300
mg/1 of which 78 to 82 percent was ammonia.
Alkalinities ranged from 23,000 to 30,600
mg/1 as CaCO Volatile fatly acids were from
10,000 to 18,000 mg/1 as acetic with pH
ranging from 7.7 t_o 8.0. Gas output ranged
from .58 to .77 m /m /day or .36 to 47
m^/kgVS added with methane concentration
ranging from 55 to 63 percent H S concentra-
lion ranged from 3 8 to 11 8 mg S per liter of
gas NHjConcentration averaged .013 mg N
per liter of gas. Gross energy output ranged
from 1280 to 1633x10feJ/day Heat energy
input ranged from 15 percent (summer) to 71
percent (winter) of gross energy output
Mixing energy ranged from 4.5 to 7.7 percent
gross output Boiler water circulation energy
ranged from 6 to 2.4 percent of gross output.
Net energy output ranged from 19 to 75
percent of gross but does not incude energy to
load digester and dispose of the extra volume
of manure due to dilution. (Converse - Uni-
versity of Wisconsin)
4770-A 5. B2, Cl, C2, C3, D3, ES
DAIRY LAGOON EFFECTS ON
GROUND WATER QUALITY
Agricultural Expenmenl Station, The Univer-
sity of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
J I Sewell
Paper No 77-4050, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina Siate University June
26-29 1977, 16 n. 5 fig , 4 tab , 6 ref
At the West Tennessee Experiment Station,
an anaerobic dairy lagoon system was put into
operation in May, 1974; end the approximate
loading rate has been 72.5 mg volatile
solids/1/day. Water from the holding pond
has been recycled for flushing the dairy lots
since January, 1975. Seven test wells were
installed near the system for obtaining water
quality samples. Water-quality parameters for
samples from the wells were evaluated for six
months before loading the lagoon system and
for two and one-half years afterward. Nitrate-
nitrogen and chloride concentrations in
groundwater near the lagoon rapidly In-
creased during the six months immediately
following system loading. Probably because of
the development of effective seals in the
lagoon and holding pond, Nog-N later tended
to decrease to levels near those of the period
prior to system loading. Median NQj-N
concentrations for all test wells were less than
10 mg /1. Fecal conform and fecal streptococci
were higher after system loading than before.
Median fecal coliform counts after loading
were 90 colonies per 100 ml sample. The
highest concentrations were associated with
high liquid levels in the holding pond. After
three years, the primary lagoon has an
approximate floating crust depth of 23 cm and
a sludge accumulation of 10 cm. The holding
pond has a total solids content of 2,550 mg/1,
pHof 7.2 COD of 765 mg/1, NO-N concentra-
tion of 75 mg/1, and electrical conductivity of
4,500 micromhos/cm. During two years of
recycling, chloride concentrations and elec-
trical conductivity have increased markedly
while total dissolved solids and NO -N have
increased at a somewhat lesser rate. Re-
cycling lagoon water for flushing has caused
no noticeable adverse effects on dairy system
operations. (Sewell - University of Tennessee)
4771-A2, B2,
MODELING
E?.
EFFECT
POLICIES
FEEDLOT
OF
ON
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
R. M. McDowell, R. B. Wensink, and P. R.
Miner
Paper No 77-4032, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 25 p. 14 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Computer models, Feedlots, Run-
off control, Management, Economics, Equip-
ment, Design, Waste storage, Land disposal.
A computerized economic model was devel-
oped and used to estimate the cost of ope/i
feedlot runoff control systems. The model
required market prices of equipment, service,
land, and taxes, and the following basic
engineering design parameters: feedlot area,
design pumping rate, required storage vol-
ume, annual pumping days, total disposal
land area, and single day's disposal area. The
model generated investment and annual
operating costs for standardized runoff control
systems Charges were estimated for hand
move, side roll, big gun, and traveling big gun
systems at seven locations in the United
Stales Budgets were developed for each
system with five different pumping rates,
seven management alternaiives (with respect
to the liming of disposal), and two disposal
policies on 405, 4 05, 40.5 ha feedlots
(symbolizing 200, 2,000 and 20,000 animal
feedlot:,, respectively). Results indicate that
economics of feedlot size exist in controlling
runoff and that pumping capacity could not
economically substitute for reservoir volume.
At most locations, the all-year pumping policy
produced the lowest cost; however, the
additional cost associated with more restric-
tive management policies was not significant.
The hand move irrigation system was the least
expensive disposal system; big gun was
second, followed by side roll and traveling big
gun. At many locations, the cost differences
were not significant for larger feedlot opera-
tions. Costs varied widely between geographic
regions In the U.S., with the humid areas
(Midwest and Southeast) costing more for
runoff control than the more arid locations.
(McDowell-Oregon State University)
4772-A3, A4, AS, Bl, C2, E2
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING OF
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING
ANIMAL WASTES: I. NITROGEN
TRANSFORMATIONS
North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27607
K. R. Reddy, R. Khaleel, M. R. Overcash, and
P. W. Westerman
Paper No. 77-4046, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Summer Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 43 p. 12 fig., 6 tab., 57 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Land application,
Agricultural runoff, Nonpoint pollution,
Nitrogen transformations, Water pollution,
Poultry wastes, Swine wastes, Cattle wastes,
Volatilization.
Pollution of lakes and streams through surface
runoff from the land areas receiving animal
wastes are considered as one major nonpoint
source pollution. In this paper N as a pollutant
from these areas was discussed. The objective
of the conceptual modelling was to describe
the availability of N compounds in the surface
soil layers of soil-manure system between the
rainfall events, during the rainfall event, and
N species to be transported in the surface
runoff. Emphasis was placed on the effect of N
transformation (major ones of importance
considered were mineralization of organic N
and NH3 volatilization in the soil manure
system) on the availability of N compounds at
the soil surfaces. The model presented is
based on a state-of-the-art approach, which
describes the transformations and transport of
the N compounds during the rainfall events
and between the rainfall events. The model
considers the C/N ratio approach to describe
the availability of the potentially mineralizable
N in different manures. From the results
presented it can be concluded that 50 percent
of the potentially mineralizable N present in
the poultry and swine manures after the
application to the soil, Is made available
(converted to inorganic forms) during first 3
weeks after application, whereas beef manure
it took 4 months after application to decom-
pose 50 percent of the potentially minerali-
zable nitrogen. Manures were also character-
ized based on their initial ammonium N
concentration. It was observed from the data
presented in the paper, that at least 90
percent of ammonium N initially present in
the manures is lost through volatilization
during first week after application. The factors
influencing these two processes, namely,
mineralization of organic N and NH3
volatilization were also presented. (Reddy-
North Carolina State University)
-------
4773-B2, Cl, C2, D3, E3
SOME MECHANICAL ASPECTS
OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF
BEEF MANURE
Agricultural Engineering Department, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa
M. E. Hein, R. J. Smith, and R. L. Vetter
Paper No. 77-4056, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
Ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 42 p. 9 fig., 4 tab., 27 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Cattle
wastes, Design, Recycling, Methane, Reten-
tion time, Loading rates, Temperature, Mix-
ing energy, Nitrogen, Chemical oxygen
demand.
Beef manure can be successfully digested
anaerobically over a long period of time to
produce methane if loading rate, retention
time, temperature, and mixing energy are
properly controlled. A maximum loading rate
of 0.30 Ib VS/ft3 day (4.8 g VS/1 day) is
recommended with a 10-day retention time for
digesting beef manure. Lower loading rates
are necessary for longer retention times. Beef
wastes which are subject to nitrogen losses
before entering the digester may be capable of
higher loading rates and longer retention
times to limit ammonia nitrogen concentra-
tions below 1500 to 2000 mg/1. Beef wastes
which are subject to nitrogen losses before
entering the digester may be capable of
higher loading rates and longer retention
times. A COD reduction in the range between
35 and 45 percent, based on the COD of the
methane, can be expected with digestion of
beef manure, depending on loading rate and
retention time selected. A gas production
efficiency in the range between 12 and 20
ft3gas/lb COD reduced (0.75 to 1.25 1 gas/g
COD reduced) with a Chiycontent of 45 to 55
percent can also be expected with beef
manure digestion. The theoretical rate of
CH»production from COD reduction (e.g., 6
ft*CHi(/lb COD, 0.375 1 CH /g COD) was low
compared to actual measured values for beef
manure conversion to methane; 7.0 to 9 7
ft* CKj/g COD (0.44 to 0 61 1 ChW/g COD).
Failure to obtain realistic COD analyses may
have in pan contributed to the anomalous
values of gas volume/unit of COD destroyed
Inadequate mixing energy appears to initially
create mechanical handling and control prob-
lems, which indirectly lead to biological
failure. A mixing energy level of 2.5 hp/1000
ft^iee W/m^ is sufficient for mixing a 100 gal
(3801) pilot-plant digester. A large reduction
in the mixing energy level appears possible
for larger digester units. Smaller farm-scale
digesters for beef manure (e.g., less than
10,000 ft3, 280 m") may best employ
intermittent impeller mixing. Large units
should probably use gas-recirculation mixing
on a continuous basis. The heating energy
required for an anaerobic digester unit is best
estimated through theoretical calculations
since the geometry, unit size and hydraulic
retention directly determine this requirement.
A large energy savings could be accomplished
with a simple, reliable heat exchanger for
recovering waste thermal energy from efflu-
ent slurry and preheating influent slurry
Fixed-cover digesters with vented overflows
are likely candidates for simple economical
farm-scale use Moving slurries to and from
the digester may prove difficult because
manure solids settle so quickly. More long-
term operating experience with full-scale
digester units is needed before reliable design
recommendations can be made (Hein-lowa
University, Merryman-ed.)
4774-32, B4, E2, Fl
A MIXED INTEGER PROGRAM-
MING MODEL FOR CHOOSING
AN OPTIMAL SWINE MANURE
HANDLING SYSTEM
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
I. Amir and J. R. Ogllvie
Paper No. 77-4029, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 19 p. 4 fig., 3 tab.
Keywords: Computer models, Swine wastes,
Management, Waste storage, Land applica-
tions, Costs.
A mixed integer programming model is
presented for choosing, among many avail-
able feasible systems, an optimal manure
handling system. The criterion for optimality
is minimum annual operating costs of an
entire system subject to capital, manpower
and swine manure volume limitations. The
results for 300, 500, 800, and 1,000 herd sizes
and a post-optimal sensitivity analysis are
presented No single swine manure handling
system has been found to be the optimal one
for all the herd sizes considered. However, a
system comprising: full slotted floor for
collecting the manure, underfloor tank for two
months' storage, pumping the manure to
underground tank and transporting for land
application by transportation tanker was
found to be the second best solution for all
herd sizes. From an annual operations cost
viewpoint, it has been found that a herd size of
300 head is significantly more expensive
($7.50 per head per year) than 500, 800, and
1,000 head herd sizes, the larger herd sizes
have about the same annual operating cost per
head of $7 00 per head per year. Systems
comprising an irrigation network for liquid
manure and a tractor loader and spreader for
solid manure are significantly cheaper than
other systems, but they have a lower stability
factor. From an operations point of view, an
endgate spreader seems to be inefficient for
transportation and spreading Perhaps, trans-
portation by another vehicle and spreading
the manure by spreader might improve the
land application stage enabling the usage of
relatively cheap manure systems. No systema-
tic relations have been found between
operation cost and invested capital, invested
capital and manpower and operating cost
versus stability factor. This is, perhaps, the
reason for the fact that no single manure
handling system exists in practice. These
unpredicted relations give rise to the import-
ance of a general but reliable model which
should be able to describe various conditions,
to determine several best solutions and to
analyze them for decision making. (Amir-
Israel Institute of Technology; Merryman
-ed )
4775-A6, A7
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF RIGID
PLASTIC DUCTS FOR UNIFORM
AIR REMOVAL
MANURE PITS
Agricultural Engineering Department Okla-
homa State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
74074
P. D. Bloome, J. E. Garton, and R E Punnelt
Paper No 77-4040, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina Stale University, June
26-29. 1977. 15 p. 3 fig , 3 tab , r! ref
Keywords: Design, Ventilation, Odor, Air
pollution, Uniform-draw ventilation ducts,
Equations.
Procedure for design of uniform-draw ventila-
tion ducts Is outlined as follows: (1) Choose
the ventilation rate and length of pipe
Example: 4cfrn (.37 rrT/min-m) and 60 ft (18.3
m). Q - 240 cfm (6.8 m^/min). (2) Select a fan
with this approximate rated capacity at a static
pressure of 0.5 inch (1 27 cm) of water or 34.5
ft (10.5 m) of air. (3) Calculate area of various
size inlet holes. (4) Find the discharge per
hole for various size holes when the static
pressure head if 25 ft (7.6 m) of air. (5) Find
the approximate number of holes that would
be required in each size. (6) Determine inside
diameters and areas of 160 class plastic pipe.
(7) Select the size of pipe which will give an
exit velocity of about 20 ft/sec (6m/sec). (8)
Find the Reynolds Number at the exit. (9)
Calculate the friction factor. (10) Find the
head loss due to friction assuming full flow for
the full distance. (11) Find the actual head loss
due to friction for spatially varied flow. (12)
Find the head loss due to velocity. (13) Find
total head loss. (14) Find the negative static
pressure at the zero discharge (dead) end of
the pipe. (15) Determine the general equation
for negative pressure at distance X from the
fan end of the duct. (16) Determine the
desired intake volume per unit length of duct.
(17) Assume the first pair of holes are 2 ft (.61
m) from the fan end. Find the negative
pressure at X = 2. (18) Calculate the intake
volume for the first pair of holes. (19)
Determine the proper hole spacing to give the
desired intake volume per unit of length. (20)
Repeat 17, 18, and 19 for each pair of holes.
(21) Complete a design table. (22) If all
distances are reduced by 0.6 ft (0.4 m), the
hole pattern will be centered in the 60 ft (18.3
m) space (23) Mark the holes according to the
hole spacing schedule Drill 2 holes at each
location Use a 1-inch hole saw to provide
uniform holes Each ol the holes will bs
oriented 30uelow horizontal to the side of the
duct to avoid drawing liquids into the duct
(24) Mount the duct using non-corroding
hanger materials. (25) Attach the fan to the
duct. Where practical, a collar can be attached
over the fan inlet and slipped inside the duct.
Where these ducts will extend through
foundation walls below grade, a small
concrete annex may be provided with the fan
mounted above to evaluate the annex A
standard 9(f elbow can also be used to bring
the duct above grade. Equations are given (or
necessary computations (Merryman East
Central)
4776-B1, F4
AGRICULTURAL WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT IN NORTH
LINA
Department of Biological and Agricultural
Engineering, North Carolina State Univer-
sity, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
F. J. Humenik and J. C. Barker
Paper No 77-5005, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Summer Meei-
mg, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 7 p. 3 ref.
Keywords: Agriculiural wastes, Manage-
ment, North Carolina
The department program and current activi-
ties are discussed Benefits of cooperaiive
extension and research efforts to address local
and national needs are reviewed. Interagency
involvement with demonstration sites and
field monitonngs has enhanced work quality
-------
and quantity and helped provide regulatory
procedures which assist and encourage com-
pliance. Opportunities for extension to pro-
vide feedback information from actual user
experiences for competent and practical
program direction are high-lighted. (Humenik
- North Carolina State University)
4777-B2, D3, E3
EXPERIENCES FROM OPERAT-
ING A FULL SIZE ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
Department of Agricultural Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802
H. D. Bartlett, S. Persson, R. W. Regan, and
A. E. Branding
Paper No. 77-4053, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 9 p. 1 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Anaerobic digesters, Design,
Slurries, Biogas.
A 100 nn^ anaerobic digester for biogas
production has been used for two winters
(1976 and 1977) to process the gutter
discharge from a 50-cow stall barn. The
digester construction, slurry handling
methods, heating systems and gas agitation
system are described. The biogas generation
system was filled with municipal sewage
sludge for seeding in later December, 1976
and increasing daily increments of manure
were added until the total manure production
from the barn was supplied to the digester,
twice daily, by the end of three weeks. By the
end of January 1977, biogas production was
sufficient to operate the boiler continuously.
Thereafter gas in excess of the heating system
needs was produced. However, gas leaks
which developed in the dome have prevented
accurate deiermination of the total gas
production. A summary of the data on the
biogas generator operation for the period
February 1 to April 30, 1977 is presented in
Table 1. Based on these data, the energy
balance for February shows that gas produc-
tion was in excess of heating needs by
approximately 140,000 BTU/day- the equiva-
lent of approximately 1 gallon of heating oil.
However, estimates of gas production based
on volatile solids reduction j>f the substrate
indicate approximately 80 rrr/day instead of
62 m /day, which would yield a net excess
energy production of approximately 521,000
BTU/day, Modifications to the dome are
presently underway to make a complete seal
in order to determine accurately the total gas
production (Bartlett Pennsylvania State
University, Merryman, ed.)
4778-AS, All, B2, BS, C2, E2
ANAEROBIC BEEF SLURRY AS A
FERTILIZER FOR BERMUDA-
GRASS AND BAHIAGRASS
Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tlfton,
Georgia 31794
G. L. Newton, W. H. Marchant, and W. C.
McCormick
Paper No. 77-2003, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 14 p. 11 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Cattle wastes, Land
application, Crop response, Forage yield,
Forage composition, Cattle gains, Perform-
ance.
This study was conducted to evaluate the use
of surface applied liquid beef cattle wastes as
a fertilizer on two species of Southern pasture
grasses, Coastal bermudegrass and Pensacola
behiagrass. Two trials were used In order to
obtain more precise Information on the effects
of using manure rather than chemical fertili-
zer on the two grasses. Results on forage yield
and composition; animal performance, nitro-
gen utilization and available nutrients from
the manure are presented, along with soil test
data from the experimental pastures. It was
tentatively concluded that, under some condi-
tions, liquid manure may be as effective as
chemical fertilizer supplying equivalent nutri-
ent levels in promoting dry matter production
by the two grasses and that cattle gains are
not affected by the source of nutrients applied
to the grass. This study was presented as a
preliminary report on research that is in
progress. (Bates - East Central)
4779-B2, Dl, D3, E3
FIBER WALL REACTOR DIGES-
TION OF DAIRY CATTLE MA-
NURE
Agricultural Engineering Department, North
Carolina State University, June 26-29, 1977,
24 p. 10 fig., 11 tab., 13 ref.
D. D. Jones
Paper No. 77-4054, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 24 p. 10 fig., 11 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Anaerobic treat-
ment, Fiber wall reactors, Separation techni-
ques, Loading rates, Detention times, Recycl-
ing, Methane.
The effect of a fiber wall in a digester to
provide longer cell retention time was studied
using screened dairy cow manure. The fiber
wall units performed better than standard
high rate units at detention times of 60, 30, 20,
and 15 days, but the main benefit was at low
detention times. (Jones - Purdue University)
4780-A8, E2
SOIL AND CROP CONSIDERA-
TIONS FOR RECYCLING
WASTES
USDA, ARS, NCR, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul, Minnesota
W. E. Larson and J. R. Gilley
Paper No. 74-2540, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 27 p. 6
fig., 5 tab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Soil properties,
Soil dynamics, Crop response.
Properly designed waste recycling systems
require consideration of the properties of the
waste, soil, and crop. The soil profile must be
considered in its entirety. The hydraulic
properties of the soil should allow rapid intake
and transmission of water. Sufficient depth of
the soil and underlying material should be
present for interaction between waste com-
ponents and soil. In most cases some
topographic modification will be necessary to
limit surface runoff. Soil chemical properties
that enhance Ion exchange and formation of
insoluble precipitants are important. Crop
considerations include the yield potential of
the crop, amount of nutrients and elements
taken up by the crop, adaptability of the crop
to the conditions Imposed by the waste,
evapotransplration, and Insect and disease
susceptibility under the conditions Imposed by
the waste. Climatic considerations include
length of the growing season and length of
season when wastes can be applied. As in the
normal production of agronomic crops, land
disposal of wastes requires basic soils
information. However, because of the nature
of the material being placed on the land and
public reaction to it, the soils physical and
chemical properties become even more Im-
portant. Agricultural management practices
have been developed to maximize economic
production while minimizing inputs of fertili-
zer and water. However, under many waste
application systems the objective is to
maximize waste application to the land while
preventing environmental contamination and
still produce an acceptable crop yield. This
requires considerable adjustments from the
usual crop and soil management practices. As
a body in which to incorporate wastes, the soil
profile with all of its horizons must be
considered in its entirety. The texture and
structure of each horizon are Important as it
influences water, air, heat transmission, and
root growth. The soil profile serves as a me-
dium where microorganisms can oxidize large
amounts of organic wastes and dissipate It
largely as carbon dioxide and water. Because
it is a multilayer system, and soil can, under
some conditions, provide conditions for oxidiz-
ing nitrogen in the upper horizons and
reducing conditions for converting nitrates to
gases in lower horizons. Soils have the
capacity to tightly absorb some chemicals and
thereby prevent their transport. Soils can act
as a filter for pathogenic organisms. The roots
of plants as they grow through the soil can
absorb plant nutrients and remove them from
percolating waters. Guideline tables are given
for soil limitations for accepting nontoxic
biodegradable liquid wastes and nontoxic
biodegradable sludges and solids. For inten-
sive disposal systems the nature of the
underlying rock must be considered. If the
geologic material is unconsolidated soil-like
material, it may further filter and absorb
materials. Rock material that has relatively
large channels such as certain Igneous rocks
or limestone with solution channels may not
be an effective filter. (Larson-University of
Minnesota; Merryman, ed.)
4781-A7, B4, C2
SWINE BUILDING AIR CON-
TAMINATE CONTROL WITH PIT
VENTILATION
Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas
Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
W. Grub, E. P. Foerster, and L. F. Trlbble
Paper No. 74-4532, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 3 p.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Gases, Slotted
floors, Storage pits, Ventilation, Anaerobic
conditions, Hydrogen sulflde, Ammonia, Car-
bon dioxide, Methane.
The positive removal of gases and atmospher-
ic contamination from enclosed swine build-
ings is essential when slotted floors and
storage pits are utilized. The collection and
storage pits become the source of potentially
142
-------
lethal quantities of certain toxic gases that are
by-products of anaerobic decomposition. Un-
less exhausted directly out of the pit area by a
fan system, these gases' move by natural
convection and air movement upward through
the slotted floor Into the room above. Tests
were conducted In three fully insulated
wlndowless steel buildings of the Texas Tech
University swine research unit, all of which
contained either partially or fully slotted
floors. Air was exhausted from the test pits at
rates of one to five cfm per square foot of
slotted floor area. When a perforated duct was
utilized, the air movement through the slotted
floor was found to be uniformly downward
over the entire slotted floor area. Tests were
also conducted with a slotted floor in which a
single fan exhausted air from the end of an
eighty by forty pit. Downward air flow was
uniform for 1 /4, 5/8, and 1 Inch slot widths at
air flow rates of 4 to 5 cfm per square foot of
slotted floor surface. In all tests, the
continuous removal of gases from the pit area
below the slotted floor prevented the accum-
ulation of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon
dioxide, and methane In the room air. The
most positive ventilation of the pit occurred
when air was exhausted downward through
the slot at a velocity greater than 16 fpm. This
turbulence caused erractic downward flow at
air velocity rates in the slots of less than 16
fpm. (Merryman - East Central)
Agricultural Engineers, 1973 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 11-14, 1973, 7 p. 2 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste disposal,
Dairy wastes, Poultry wastes, Oxidation ditch,
Bedding, Ventilation, Odor, Design, Aeration.
Swine housing facilities and waste disposal
methods for Farmland Industries, Inc. Re-
search and Demonstration Farm are dis-
cussed. The facilities Include a 65 head dairy
barn, a 270 head beef feeding barn, a 600
head swine unit, and a 3,000 head poultry
unit. Design parameters are given. It was
observed that: (1) Treatment of animal wastes
by mechanical oxidation ponds appeared to be
a practical method of maintaining an Intensive
livestock enterprise In close proximity to
surburban residents. (2) Pit ventilation with
variable-speed fans, combined with under-slat
oxidation ditches, minimizes the "clinging
odor problems" for operators of swine
confinement units. (3) Using peanut hull
bedding in conjunction with an oxidation ditch
under a free-stall dairy barn, the ditch
contents should be kept diluted to maintain
the total solids content below the 3 percent
level. Sterilized dried manure bedding or
artificial mats In free stalls may offer a
practical alternative to using peanut hulls or
other coarse, granular bedding with oxidation
ditches. (Merryman-East Central)
Agricultural Engineer/Food Producer, Glan-
worth, Ontario, Canada
R. G. Winfield
Paper No. 76-4526, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14-17, 1976,10 p. 9 ref.
Keywords: Ventilation, Dairy Industry, Por-
ous ceiling concept, Design.
Except for very unusual circumstances,
ventilation of tie-stall dairy barns in Ontario is
the simplest challenge faced by persons
involved in the design of ventilation systems
for animal housing units. Very conventional
cross-flow systems will do an effective job for
fall-to-spring ventilation of most tie-stall dairy
barns. The porous ceiling concept was
developed to solve the specific problem of
conserving animal heat while reducing rela-
tive humidity in the colder climate regions of
Ontario. It has done that job effectively.
(Winfield - Ontario)
4786-A3, Bl, C2, C3
NONPOINT POLLUTION CON-
TROL FOR WINTERING RANGE
CATTLE
4782-A6, B2, B4, Dl, E2, Fl
MECHANICAL AERATION OF A
WASTE DISPOSAL PIT
Area Agricultural Engineering Specialist,
Higginsville, Missouri
L/V. Ellis and R. M. George
Paper No. 73-5545, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1973, 6 p. 2 fig., 4 ref.
Keywords: Manure pits, Waste storage,
Aeration, Odor, Suspended solids, Land
spreading, Costs.
A swine producer in Johnson County,
Missouri has developed a system to aerate his
manure pits in a swine nursery house. Initially
he used a vane-type compressor pump from
his liquid hauling wagon to pump air through
polyethelyne lines Installed at the center
bottom of each pit. The pump was attached to
the PTO of a tractor. The first trial resulted in
greatly decreased odor and the solids in the
pits being broken up and held in suspension.
A second system was installed that used a
vane-type compressor pump from a used
milking machine unit. The final results of this
experiment are not all known at this time.
However, the producer feels the offensive
odors have been greatly reduced in the pits,
his building, and from the effluent when it is
spread on his fields and there have been few
complaints from neighbors when the effluent
was spread on the fields. The producer feels
that this is an economical way to aerate his
manure pits. (Bates - East Central)
4783-A6, Bl, B2, Dl, D3, El
SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE
DISPOSAL RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENTS
Research & Development Division, Farmland
Industries, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri
G. Foree, O. Vanderslice, and D. Pfost
Paper No. 73-4510, American Society of
4784-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
UTILIZATION OF METHANE
FOR FARM PRODUCTION EN-
ERGY: DISCUSSION
W. C. Fairbank
Paper No. 75-1072, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1975, 4 p.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Dairy wastes,
Recycling, Methane, New York, Feedlots,
Equipmeni, Economics, Anaerobic digestion.
This is a discussion of a paper in which the
total energy budgets for a typical 100-cow
dairy and a 1000-head beef feedlot in New
York are developed; the potential net methane
energy that might be extracted by anaerobic
digestion from the cattle waste is estimated; a
positive on-farm energy self-sufficiency Is
suggested; the methods and equipment for
utilizing energy in blogas are mentioned.
Strength of this study are the analyses of total
purchased fuel and electrical energy needed
under typical New York farming conditions for
a 100-cow dairy and a 1000-head capacity beef
feedlot; and the theoretical biogas production
from the total defecated wastes of those cattle.
The authors seem to oversimplify the oppor-
tunities and equipment to effectively utilize
recovered energy. A labor evaluation relative
to operation of the digester and to work
inefficiencies caused by added fuel handling
inconveniences and very reduced engine
output would be helpful. Not mentioned in the
paper are hazards attendant to operation of a
digester and use of the biogas. Toxlcity and
explosion potentials are real. These problems
will undoubtedly have continuing bearing on
the acceptance of biogas systems and should
be of concern to all agricultural engineers.
(W. C. Fairbank; Merryman-ed.)
4785-B1
VENTILATION OF TIE-STALL
DAIRY BARNS IN ONTARIO
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
J. E. Dixon, G. R. Stephenson, A. J. Llngg, D.
V. Naylor, and D. D. Hinman
Paper No. 77-4049, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 31 p. 4 tab., 49 ref.
Keywords: Cattle, Water pollution, Nonpoint
sources, Barnlot-pasture operations, Range
operations, Nutrients, Microorganisms, Agri-
cultural runoff.
Slightly less than 50 percent of the cattle
inventory of the United States Is a part of the
cow-calf portion of the beef Industry. These
cow-calf operations might broadly be classi-
fied as: (1) a barnlot-pasture operation, and
(2) a range operation often involving confined
wintering. Public Law 92-500 addresses Itself
to control of pollution from nonpolnt sources
with special emphasis for nonpoint source
control beginning in 1977. The cow-calf
operation as a whole and the wintering
operation, particularly the range-type, fits the
definition of a nonpoint source. (Some
barnlots might be classified as a point source.)
There are little data available concerning the
wintering of the cow-calf operations as a
nonpoint source of pollution. Data available
indicate the range-type of confined wintering
most probably will contribute little to the
nutrient and chemical load of a stream. The
operation very likely could contribute to
microorganism contamination of the stream,
however. The barnlot-pasture type of opera-
tion would very likely contribute all three
types of pollutants to a stream. Microorgan-
isms as a pollutant from range-type wintering
operations might be overemphasized because
they may be the only dlscernable pollutant
from the operation. On the other hand, their
direct effect on Individual people can be quite
severe, and there Is a potential latent effect
because, under some conditions, the microor-
ganisms have an extended life In manure.
There seems to be no data from which to
directly prepare guidelines for management of
cattle wintering operations to minimize non-
point pollution. Using related data, it seema a
prime management factor would be to
minimize erosion and sediment load which
would also lower nutrient losses. Based on
data from feedlots, It might be expected that
143
-------
the characteristics of the hydrological event
will influence the loss of pollutants to a
greater extent than the slope of the land or the
density of cattle. Furthermore, winter condi-
tions involving snowfall and thawing will most
likely add more to the pollution load of
streams from cattle winter operations than
rainfall and summer-like conditions. When
evaluating a cattle wintering operation as a
potential nonpoint source, the background or
"natural" pollution load should be consid-
ered. Furthermore, the evaluation of data
from samples of runoff from these areas and
nearby streams needs to consider the location
of the sampling point in relation to the source,
the dilution of pollutants, and the sampling
time in relation to the hydrograph. Space
allocation of cattle in wintering can range from
0.15 to 51 square meters/kilogram of live
animal weight. A realistic range of values for
the dry manure defecated upon these winter-
ing areas might be 0.36 to 123 metric
tons/hectare. The concentration and quantity
of pollutants from cattle wintering areas Is not
known. (Dixon-Universlty of Idaho; Merry-
man-ed.)
4787-B2, C2, D3
UNAERATEB LAGOON RE-
SPONSE TO LOADING INTEN-
SITY AND FREQUENCY
Department of Biological and Agricultural
Engineering, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
E. S. Howell, M R. Overcash, and F. J.
Humenik
Paper No. 74-4514, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1974 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 10-13, 1974, 33 p. 18
fig., 9 tab., 15 ref
Keywords: Lagoons, Laboratory anaerobic
reactors, Swine wastes, Loading rates, Chemi-
cal properties.
A study was made of the response of 14-liter
laboratory anaerobic reactors to loading rates
of 1.2 SCS, 4.8 SCS and 10.8 SCS and loading
frequencies of once per week, twice per week,
thrice per week, once per two weeks, and
quasi-continuous. It was found that: (1) There
is some advantage in improved biological
activity to loading anaerobic swine lagoons on
a continuous or nearly continuous basis.
Concentrations of pollutiona! parameters were
lower for the 14-liter laboratory reactor loaded
at the reference rate on a quasi-continuous
basis than for the reactor loaded once per
week at the same rate. (2) There was no
significant difference In supernatant concen-
tration levels or amount remaining in the
sludge for laboratory reactors at the reference
rate for loading frequencies of once per week,
twice per week, thrice per week, and once per
two weeks (3) The quality of effluent is
significantly affected by loading rate, and
concentration levels of all pollutional para-
meteis increase as the loading rate increases
(4) Caution should be exercised when trans-
ferring sludge buildup data from laboratory
and pilot scale reactors to actual field
situations. (5) A 14-liter laboratory reactor at
10.8 times the reference rate was drastically
overloaded, therefore biological activity and
settling were restricted. (Howell-North
Carolina State University; Merryman-ed.)
$788-A7, All, A12, Bl, C3
SALMONELLA AND OTHER
I'f I CIO ORGANISMS POSE A
NEW PARAMETER TO DESIGN-
ERS OF POULTRY HOUSES
Farm Electrification Research Branch, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
W. A. Junnila, K. A. Jordan, M. C. Kumar,
and B. S. Pomeroy
Paper No. 71-429, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1971 Annual Meet-
ing, Washington State University, June 27-30,
1971, 9 p. 5 ref.
Keywords: Poultry houses, Design, Animal
health, Public health, Marek's disease, Sal-
monellosis, Vectors, Air pollution.
The disease problem In present day poultry
operations is a serious one. From 10 to 15
percent of the replacements started are lost by
the time they are ready to lay and an
additional 20 percent die during the first
laying year. Ninety-five percent of the chicken
broilers started reach market. Recently,
Marek's disease has become critical. Diseases
hazardous lo man are also of concern.
Salmoneliosia Is considered currently to be the
most important of the zoonotic diseases, since
it affects more people than any other disease
of this type. Salmonella control is no easy
matter. Salmonellae survive a long time in
external environments. In designing poultry
houses, the engineer must keep exposed
structural members to a minimum. In a study
concerning the permeability of various poultry
house interior linings to microorganisms and
decontamination practices, It is believed that
after 4 years Salmonella typhimirium.has been
eliminated from one poutlry house on the
experimental farm. The interior surfaces were
lined with exterior plywood. Floors were of
concrete. A two-part resin was applied as a
complete envelope to the interior surfaces.
The electrical wiring was thin-wall conduit
with standard type boxes. All junction boxes
were taped with plastic electrician's tape and
controls were wrapped with plastic sheeting.
A strong disinfectant was applied with a high
pressure spray gun. It took three washdowns
with the sprayer along with hand-brushing of
the interior surfaces. The characterization of
air as a vector in the transmission of disease in
poultry houses has also been studied and it
has been found that the bacteriological
content is initially low In buildings which have
been cleaned and rises as the poults grow,
either reaching a maximum at the end of the
experiment or reaching a maximum and
decreasing to some lower level. It Is suspected
that environmental and litter conditions
determine the pattern of bacteriological
development and testing procedures have
been initiated which should allow such a
coorelation. A present attempt Is being made
to relate the environmental factors to the
growth pattern as found within a poultry
structure Thus, samples are collected and
analyzed, and litter moisture content, temp-
eratures and dew points are being recorded
throughout the day. (Mem/man East
Central)
4789-E3
'RED WIGGLERS'f TUKN
WORMS TO PROTEIN SUPPLE-
MENT: RESEARCHERS,
Feedstu/fs Southeastern Correspondent
R. H Brown
Feedstulfs, V. 49, No 52, p. 24, Dec. 19,
1977.
Keywords: Feeds, Recycling, Worms, Pro-
tein, Design, Organic wastes, Liquid wastes.
Red wiggler worms may have some potential
as protein for livestock and poultry feeds say
some researchers probing into the possibili-
ties at Ft. Valley (Ga.) State College. Live
earthworms are 10 percent protein, or 60
percent protein on a dry matter basis. If they
can be grown in large quantities and
processed into a protein supplement similar to
soybean meal and fish meal on an economical
basis, they could be a marketable product for
the feed industry. Earthworms thrive in large
numbers in any moist, neutral soil medium
containing one-third decayed organic matter
such as peat moss, manure, leaf compost,
peanut hulls and other plant byproducts. To
get volume, a grower should use a long
rectangular bed of convenient width made of
concrete blocks or wood on the ground. Sides
of the bed do not need to be higher than 10
inches. The worms may be fed corn meal,
screenings, chicken mash feed, cottonseed
meal, etc. The Ft. Valley workers are playing
with a pilot automated system for raising the
worms as a protein supplement using liquified
animal waste as the sole source of feed. A
prototype mechanical harvester which could
dig the worms out of the beds in sufficient
quantities and at an economical cost is under
construction (Merryman - East Central)
4790-B3, C2, E3
THE VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY
WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF IN
BROILER DIETS
Department of Poultry Husbandry, Agricul-
tural University, Wageningen 6140, The
Netherlands
A. R. El Boushy and F. W. A. Vink
Feedstuffs, V. 49, No. 51, p. 24, 26, Dec. 12,
1977. 5 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Dried poultry waste,
Broilers, Performance, Nutrients.
An experiment was conducted to determine
the effect of dried poultry waste (DFW) on
broilers till six weeks of age. Dehydrated
poultry waste, which may vary widely in
composition and nutrient value depending on
type of ration, age and type of birds, extent of
feed spillage, quantity of feathers present,
and age of choppings before drying tempera-
ture and duration, was fed In five levels from 5
to 15 percent compared with a basal ration. All
rations were formulated on an Isocaloric,
isonitrogenous, constant methlonine and ly-
slne percent and a constant Ca to P ratio. At
concentrations up to 15 percent of DPW, a
slight decrease in body weight, growth and a
slight Increase in feed consumption were
observed. Feed efficiency was significantly
depressed with increasing concentrations of
DPW. DPW was found to be a reasonable
feedstuff as N-source. Its protein content Is
rather low, but methionineand lyslne content
is acceptable. Five percent DPW seems to be
a reasonable addition in broiler rations with no
harmful effects. Factors encouraging the use
of properly treated DPW Include the follow-
ing: (1) DPW contains undigested feed,
metabolic excretory products and residues
resulting from mlcrobial synthesis. (2) It
contains microorganisms, which convert some
to the uric acid In the poultry excreta Into
mlcrobial protein, which can then be utilized
by the fowl, (3) It Is well known that It
provides an unknown growth factor, (4) It
contains some true protein besides the non-
protein nitrogen, (5) Its use will reduce
pollution. (Merryman - East Central)
144
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4791-B3, Cl, C2, E3
RECYCLED POULTRY WASTES
OFFER MORE POTENTIAL TO
COW-CALF OPERATORS
Feedstuffs Southeastern Correspondent
R. H. Brown
Feedstuffs, V. 49, No. 50, p. 5, 35, Dec. 5,
1977.
Keywords: Refeeding, Poultry wastes, Litters,
Brood cows, Nutrients.
Recent winter conditions and droughts have
caused many feeders to look at some
by-product with which to feed cattle. Recycled
poultry wastes seem to offer one solution.
Such wastes offer more potential for brood
cows than as a material for feeding finishing
beef cattle. R. H. Strieker, Rocco Foods,
Harrlsonburg, Virginia, sees poultry litter as a
winter ingredient to help alleviate shortages
of other commodities. He also sees It as a tool
to lessen the cost of backgrounding feeders.
The TVA has done some analysis on a dry
matter basis and has found ranges from 60 to
84, and total digestible nutrients varied from
26 to 64. Protein varied from 13 to 31 percent.
TVA suggests that management needs to start
trying to produce material that is more
uniform If such materials are to be used as
feed ingredients. (Merryman - East Central)
4792-A6, A7, F2
HOW AIR POLLUTION REGULA-
TIONS AFFECT AGRICULTURAL
OPERATIONS
Chief, Air Support Branch, Air and Hazardous
Materials Division, Environmental Protection
Agency, Region VII, 1735 Baltimore, Kansas
City, Missouri
D. E. Durst
Paper No. 76-3540, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14, 1976, 14 p.
Keywords: Air pollution, Regulation, Odor,
Agriculture.
Air pollution regulations are discussed in
terms of direct agricultural production and
agricultural-related industries. Pollutants
which are regulated In direct agricultural
production include dust emissions from
animal feeding and grain harvesting opera-
tions and fugitive dust created by tilling.
Odors also are considered an air pollutant
under some air pollution laws and the control
of odors, In connection with confined animal
feeding operations, presents a very serious
problem in some areas. Two schemes for
development of air pollution control regula-
tions are: (1) the development of new source
emissions standards, and (2) the approval or
promulgation of State Implementation Plans
designed to attain and maintain National
Ambient Air Quality Standards. Specific
examples of air pollution regulations are
given. (Merryman - East Central)
4793-E3, F2
ANIMAL WASTE FEEDING
GUIDES SET FOR STATES
Foodstuffs Southeastern Correspondent
R. H. Brown
Feedstuffs, V. 49, No. 48, p. 1, 34, Nov., 21,
1977.
Keywords: Refeeding, Processed animal
wastes, Regulations, Guidelines.
The Association of American Feed Control
Officials' committee on recycled animal waste
regulations has completed a first draft of
model regulations to be presented and
recommended at the AAFCO session next
August. These model regulations are
designed to promote uniformity among the
various states In the process of drawing
regulations, especially for poultry waste,
although the regulations cover any other
recycled material designed for commercial
channels. The regulations would be applicable
only to the commercial sale of recycled
material and would exempt farmers who feed
waste from their own farms to animals and
poultry. Under terms of the model regula-
tions, a product must be of specified quality
and uniform composition, safely labeled for
proper use under the quality control of the
manufacturer and with distribution controls.
Of major concern are drug residues, pesti-
cides, mycotoxins, bacteriacontamlnation and
heavy metals—especially mercury, copper,
selenium, cadmium and arsenic, many of
which are used In animal feeds for specific
reasons. Strict adherence to a 15-day with-
drawal period is important to provide a
"clean" product for marketing. The model
regulations define the following products In
very specific terms: dried poultry waste, dried
poultry waste—NPN extracted, dried poultry
litter, dried ruminant waste, dried swine
waste, undrled processed animal waste pro-
duct and processed animal waste derivative.
The processed animal waste product should
carry warning and caution statements, and
manufacturers would need to keep close
records of where the product is distributed for
follow-ups in the event of contamination.
(Merryman - East Central)
4794-A3, AS, A8, Bl, C2
ENVIRONMENTAL
BEEF CATTLE ON FLATWOODS
SOILS
Department of Agricultural Engine
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
K. L. Campbell, D. A. Graetz and R. A.
Norstedt
Paper No 77-4048, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 14 p. 4 fig., 1 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Cattle, Management, Pasture,
Semi-confinement, Confinement pens, Flat-
woods soils, Lagoons, Agricultural runoff, Soil
water movement, Groundwater pollution,
Chemical properties.
With today's trends toward more intensified
use of land for animal production, the overall
environmental Impact of more intensified
animal production techniques must be exam-
ined. In this study, beef cows and their calves
were produced at the,followlng stocking rates:
(1) pasture (5400 m3" per cow-calf unit), (2)
semi-confinement (680 m per cow-calf unit),
and (3) confinement (186 rn^per cow-calf
unit). A natural forest area also was included
in the study for comparison with the other
systems. All three production systems, as well
as the forest area, were on sandy, high-water-
table flatwoods soils. Cattle in the confine-
ment system were on concrete while, the
others were on bahiagrass - white clover
pasture. Wastes from the confinement system
were handled by a combination retention
basin - lagoon. Runoff from the other systems
was through natural drainage-ways. Water
quality measurements from the four study
areas Included chemical oxygen demand, pH,
specific conductivity, and forms of nitrogen
and phosphorus. Hydrologic measurements
Included precipitation, evaporation, surface
runoff, water table levels, and lateral ground-
water movement around the lagoon. Water
quality was measured In surface runoff, soil
solution, and groundwater. Losses of nutri-
ents In surface runoff from the study areas
were minimal throughout the two-year period
due partially to low rainfall. Nutrient concen-
trations in runoff also were relatively low. Soil
solution and groundwater quality were very
similar In the pasture and forest areas Soil
solution and groundwater quality also were
very similar In the ssmi-confinement area
except for a nitrate buildup In the top 1.2m.
No significant water quality changes ware
observed in the confinement area during the
study. No serious water quality Impacts are
apparent from this study; however, the semi-
confinement area especially needs further
study under more normal precipitation condi-
tions to determine If water quality problems
are likely to occur. (Campbell - University of
Florida)
2, Cl, C2,
WASTE USING A
REACTOR
D. D. Jones
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Agricul-
tural Engineering, Purdue University, May,
1976, 206 p 62 fig., 53 tab., 100 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Fiber wall
reactors, High rate digesters, Design, Deten-
tion times, Performance, Volatile suspended
solids, Methane, Recycling,
Digestion of cattle waste in a fiber wall reactor
(FWR) was compared to digestion in a
conventional high rate digester (HRD). The
fiber wall reactor concept employs a porous
membrane which acts as a .site for bacteria
growth The experimental design consisted of
a 2 x 4 factorial design with the two digester
types as the first factor and four detention
times of 60, 30, 20, and 15 daya as the second
factor. Best performance, for both types of
digesters, occurred at detention times of 30
and 20 days. Gas composition averaged 82
percent methane for both digester types. Sa3
production from the FWR units averaged 0,42
rrr'/kgVSS added over ihe range of detention
times tested while the HRD units averaged
0,34 ms/kgVSS added. Volatile suspended
solids reductions averaged 83.5 percent in the
FWR units over the range of detention times
studied while the HRD units averaged 50.6
percent reduction of the VSS addsd. Reduc-
tion In VSS decreased aa detention time was
lowered in both digester typos. FWR units
ware significantly more effective In breaking
down organic maiter and In gas production
than were the HRD units. Performance of
FWR units at low detention times and [n
response to changes in detention times \vas
much better than for the HFID units.
(Merryman - East Central)
4796-B2, B4, C2f E2
LET SWME WASTES CUT f OUK
FElTlMZEt
145
-------
J. Hudson
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 1, p. 50, 71,
Jan., 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste storage,
Underfloor pits, Lagoons, Nutrients, Land
application.
While many swine producers don't have the
manpower to spread manure or the land to
spread It on, utilization of stored swine wastes
Is to be encouraged If such use is practical.
Swine wastes taken from an underfloor pit can
range In value from $6 to $10 per 1,000
gallons. As Important as getting the manure
onto the land is knowing the nutrient content
of the waste. Stored wastes should be
analyzed regularly. Depending on the storage
system used, some wastes retain nutrient
values longer than others. About 20 percent of
the nitrogen Is lost from wastes stored In
underfloor pits, while over 50 percent may be
lost from lagoon storage. Nearly all of the
phosphorus and potassium is retained In pig
storage, but about 90 percent of the phos-
phorus and 25 percent of the potassium Is lost
when using lagoon effluent. When applying
wastes, it is a good idea to leave a grass buffer
strip between a stream and the lower edge of
any field on which waste is applied. Wastes
should be applied to the surface only on cool,
dry days, In the morning when the air Is
warming and rising. Odors may be reduced if
the wastes are injected into the surface 8 to 10
inches of soil, covering the Injection slit
immediately. Applications should be sched-
uled early in the week. Applications should be
done as far away from and as out of sight of
neighbors as possible. Added benefits of
applying swine waste to farmland are the
improved water-holding capacity of the soil
and the reduction of erosion. (Merryman
East Central)
4797-A2, B2, B4, B5, E2
THEY TRAP EVERY DROP OF
RUNOFF
F D. Phillips
Progressive Farmer, V. 92, No. 12, p. 14,
Dec., 1977. 2 fig.
Keywords: Feedlot runoff, Waste storage
ponds, Land application, Sprinkler Irrigation,
Crop response, Grasses, Fescues, Corn
Sorghum.
C. E. Neill and son Joe near Vinita,
Oklahoma, have found a way to make runoff
pay big dividends. Beginning in 1968, the
Neills began constructing waste storage ponds
below the feedlots to trap the runoff water and
wastes. In 1972 they completed the ninth pond
for a total storage capacity of 100 acre-feet.
Drainage from 86 acres is caught by these
nine ponds. This waste water is spread over 90
acres of bermuda and fescue pasture by a
traveling sprinkler irrigation system. Having
fescue in the pasture facilities year round
irrigation. In the spring of 1977, the Neills
stocked the 90 acres with 158 500-pound
heifers and still cut 200 tons of grass for
feedlot use Manure is spread on nearby corn
and sorghum land when the lots and ponds are
cleaned out The manure-treated land has
produced from 17 to 20 tons of corn and
sorghum silage per acre compared with 12
tons per acre on nearby areas where manure is
not used. (Merryman-East Central)
4798-A8, Bl, B5, C2, E2
TOP YIELDS FROM ANIMAL
WASTE
T. Curl
Progressive Farmer, V. 92, No. 12, p. 24,
Dec., 1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Sewage sludge,
Fertilizers, Land application, Crop response,
Soil properties, Nutrients.
University of Tennessee researchers recently
completed a 3-year study that compared land
applications of dairy waste, city sewage
sludge, and fertilizer. Top yields (more than
22 tons of silage per acre - at 70 percent
moisture) came from manure applied at a rate
of 16 tons per acre for three years. The sludge
produced 17.5 tons, and commercial fertilizer
(at 150-80-80) produced 19 tons per acre. This
past summer, no manure, sludge or fertilizer
was applied In order to find out just how much
fertility the soil would retain. All three plant
food treatments produced similar yields.
Areas treated with dairy wastes had better soil
tilth and water-holding capacity. It is recom-
mended that farmers should apply about 16
tons of waste per acre (dry matter basis) —
about 40-50 tons of fresh dairy manure. The
manure should be incorporated into the soil as
soon after application as possible. Heavy
application on slopes should be avoided. In a
three-year study at the USDA research center
at Bushland, Texas, scientists found that 10
tons of manure annually equalled about 250
pounds of anhydrous ammonia on a Pullman
clay soil. Manure Is about 80 percent as
valuable as commercial fertilizer on the basis
of phosphate and 90 percent as valuable on
the basis of potash. Value of the waste should
be based on crop needs, not on nutrients in
the waste. (Merryman - East Central)
4799-A11, Bl, C3
STUDIES ON THE SURVIVAL OF
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
AND SALMONELLA BOVIS-
MORBIFICANS ON SOIL AND
SHEEP FAECES
Department of Microbiology, University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
G. W. Tannock and J. M. B. Smith
Research in Veterinary Science, V. 13, p.
150-153, 1972. 2 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Salmonella, Animal health, Sheep
wastes.
Ennumeration of salmonellae (Salmonella
typhimurium and S. oow's morbificans) on
experimentally inoculated plots containing
soli or sheep faeces under various climatic and
environmental conditions, suggests that sur-
vival is greatest where the organisms are
protected from the direct action of sunlight,
and where organic material is present. In all
situations, a decline in the number of viable
salmonellae present was observed. (Tannock-
University of Otago)
4800-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
METHANE ON THE MOVE: A
DISCUSSION OF SMALL ANA-
EROBIC DIGESTERS
S. Schellenbach, W. Turnacllff, F. Varani, J.
L. Burford, Jr., S. B. Don, and D. M.
Updegraff
Final Report to Four Corners Regional
Commission, Technical Assistance Grant
FCRC 651-366-075, Bio-Gas of Colorado, Inc.
and Colorado Energy Research Institute,
March, 1977, 95 p. 6 fig., 15 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Methane, Anaerobic digesters,
Mobile units, Design, Economics, Feasibility
studies.
This report Is a discussion of small anaerobic
digestion units, stimulated by experiments
operated by Bio-Gas of Colorado. A grant
from the Four Corners Regional Commission
to the Colorado Energy Research Institute
enabled Bio-Gas to build a 12 to 50 cow
digestion unit on a trailer which could be
pulled by a tractor to 19 different demonstra-
tion sites In Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona,
Utah and Nevada. During this same period,
Bio-Gas conducted laboratory experiments to
determine yield coefficients of different
manures and defined parameters to evaluate
the economic feasibility of building digesters
on a small or self-sufficiency scale. The report
contains three separate discussions. First, It
describes the mobile digestion unit of 6,000
gallons with Its start-up phases, operation,
production and problems. Secondly, a discus-
sion of the tour and a summary of the Journal
in the Appendix tell how the digester
performed and how it was received among the
people who came to see the demonstration.
Finally, the report includes designs for four
different sizes of digesters based on data
collected from the mobile unit, the tour and
the laboratory, along with an order blank for
shop drawings. A series of design tables
which let interested persons easily size a
digestion system and tailor It to their specific
needs are included. These tables estimate gas
production from a variety of manures and
system sizes so the economics of the system
can be studied. In "site specific" instances
where energy use and price are both high and
the available manure has a good gas yield, an
energy producing digestion system can be
justified on an economic basis. A general
discussion about the national gas pricing
system fits this digester design into a broader
economic picture. (Schellenbach)
4801-A10, Bl
INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE
POULTRY MANURE BREEDING
HABITAT ON EMERGENCE
DENSITY OF SYNANTHROPIC
FLIES (DIPTERA)
Division of Biological Control, Citrus Research
Center, Riverside, California 92502
E. F. Legner and W. R. Bowen
Annals of the Entomological Society of
America, V. 66, No. 3, p. 533-538,1973. 7 fig.,
1 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Flies, Breeding
habitats.
Larger areas of available breeding habitat
produced significantly lower average densities
of 6 synanthropic fly species: Musclna
stabulans (Fallen), Fannia canicularis (L.), F.
femora/is Stein, Ophyra leucostoma (Wiede-
mann), Stomoxysca/citrans (L.) and Phaenicia
spp. on 12 poultry ranches with 2 manage-
ment systems over the greater part of 20
months. The common house fly, Muses
domestics L., generally developed signifi-
cantly higher average densities on the larger
ranches. These responses are related to the
species relative dependence on humans for
existance. (Leqner - Citrus Research Center)
146
-------
4802-B2, C2, D2, D3, E3
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EX-
CRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE
FERMENTATION. I. BASIC EX-
PERIMENT ON CONDITIONS OF
FERMENTATION
Department of Animal Hygiene, Nippon
Veterinary and Zootechnlcal College, Tokyo,
Japan
S. Kamata and K. Uchlda
Bulletin of the Nippon Veterinary and Zoo-
technical College, V. 21, p. 79-83, 1972. 3 fig.
4 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Mesophlllc fermen-
tation, Thermophilic fermentation, Chemical
properties, Methane.
Samples were collected from the feces of
swine which had been fed a mixed ration.
They were not filtered, but were diluted three
times. Each sample was mixed and stirred by
the mixer for 15 minutes. Then It was
pulverized perfectly and used for an experi-
ment on continuous methane fermentation.
The following results were obtained. 1. In the
mesophilic fermentation, the volume of gas
produced showed a tendency to increase about
the 10th day. It amounted to 600-700 ml/d
about the 15th day. 2. In the thermophllic
fermentation, the volume of gas produced
showed a tendency to Increase about the
8th-9thday, amounting to600-900 ml/d about
the 15th day. 3. The gas produced In the
mesophilic and thermophllic fermentation was
analyzed for composition. The contents of
CH and CO were 71-86 percent and 13-29
percent, respectively. 4. The mesophilic
fermentation made It possible to remove 82.0
percent of the COD and 84.4 percent of the
BOD when 50 ml/d of sample had been
inoculated. 5. The thermophllic fermentation
made it possible to remove 72.6 percent of the
COD and 87.0 percent of the BOD when 500
ml/d of sample had been inoculated, and 67.1
percent of the COD and 75.2 percent of the
BOD when 75 ml/d of sample had been
inoculated. 6. The mesophilic and thermophil-
ic fermentation made It possible to remove
43.0 percent and 44.7 percent of the solids,
respectively. (Kamata-Nlppon Veterinary and
Zootechnical College) (Article is written in
Japanese)
4803-B2, C2, D2, D3, E3
STUDIES ON LIVESTOCK EX-
CRETA DISPOSAL BY METHANE
FERMENTATION. II. OPTIMUM
LOAD AND COMPARISON BE-
TWEEN MESOPHILIC AND
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTA-
TION.
Department of Animal Hygiene, Nippon
Veterinary and Zootechnical College, Tokyo,
Japan
S. Kamata and K. Uchida
Bulletin of the Nippon Veterinary and Zoo-
technical College, V. 21, p. 84-92, 1972. 9 fig ,
6 tab., 11 ref
Keywords. Swine wastes, Mesophilic fermen-
tation, Thermophilic fermentation, Optimum
load, Performance, Methane.
Samples were collected from the feces and
urine of swine raised on a mixed ration. Three
of them were of untreated feces and urine.
Another three of them were of unflltered
feces, a mixture of unflltered feces and urine
(1:1), and a mixture of feces and urine filtered
through an 0.5 mm filter. The aim of this
investigation was to compare the continuous
mesophilic methane fermentation and the
continuous thermophillc methane fermenta-
tion experimentally, and examine the adapta-
tion load of the mesophilic and thermophillc
methane fermentation. The results obtained
are summarized as follows. 1. The volume of
gas produced was compared between the
mesophilic and thermophllic methane fermen-
tation. In the case of unflltered feces, the
thermophillc methane fermentation was more
effective than the mesophilic. The difference
in volume of gas produced between the
thermophillc and the mesophilic fermentation
was 20-30 ml/d when the amount of organic
matter was within 4-7 g/l/d. In the case of
unfiltered feces and urine, the thermophilic
methane fermentation was superior to meso-
philic methane fermentation over the first
half period of methane fermentation (the
amount of organic matter being 1.2-3.62
g/l/d). The mesophilic methane fermentation,
however, was superior to the thermophilic
over the second half period (the amount of
organic matter being 3.662-6.643 g/l/d). 2.
The removal for COD and BOD was deter-
mined in the mesophilic methane fermenta-
tion. It was 93.2 percent for COD and 94.4
percent for BOD when unfiltered feces had
been tested. It was 90.7 percent for COD and
92.8 percent for COD and 94.4 percent for
BOD when unfiltered feces had been tested. It
was 90.7 percent for COD and 92.8 percent for
BOD when a mixture of unfiltered feces and
urine (1.1) has been tested. 3. The removal
ratio for COD and BOD was determined in the
thermophilic methane fermentation. It was
90.3 percent for COD and 94.4 percent for
BOD when unfiltered feces had been used. It
was 85.7 percent for COD and 95.3 percent for
BOD when a mixture of unfiltered feces and
urine has been used. 4. The adaptation load
was determined for the mesophilic and the
thermophilic methane fermentation. Judging
from the pH value, the volume of gas
produced per gram of organic matter, and the
removal ratio of COD and BOD, the amount of
organic matter was 6-7 g/l/d for unfiltered
feces and 4-5 g/l/d for a mixture of unfiltered
feces and urine in the mesophilic methane
fermentation. It was 7-8 g/l/d for unflltered
feces and 5-6 g/l/d for a mixture of unfiltered
feces and urine in thermophilic methane
fermentation. 5. From the results mentioned
above, it is concluded that the treatment of
swine feces and urine which must be done at
reasonable cost can be carried out by the
mesophilic methane fermentation. (Kamada-
Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College)
4804-A3, A4, A5, A8, El, C2, E2,
Fl, F2
DIFFUSE AGRICULTURAL POL-
LUTION: THE ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE
CONTROLS
Schneider, R. R.
Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agricultural
Economics, University of Wisconsin, 1976,
190 p. 29 fig., 57 tab., 67 ref
Keywords: Water pollution, Groundwater
pollution, Land spreading, Agricultural run-
off, Sediments, Nitrates, Regulation, Econo-
mics, Wisconsin, Dairy industry.
The study examines policies designed to
curtail 3 types of diffuse agricultural pollution,
namely, 1. runoff from winter-spread ma-
nures; 2. sediment In rill and sheet erosion; 3.
nitrate pollution of the ground water resulting
from field-applied manure and chemical
nitrogen. Policies tested on 4 farm sizes at 4
locations are: 1. enforce Wisconsin's Model
Sediment Control Ordinance; 2. prohibit
manure spreading In winter; 3. prohibit winter
manure spreading on sloped land; 4. prohibit
winter manure spreading close to streams,
lakes and open ditches; 5. restrict excess of
applied nitrogen over estimated plant uptake
of nitrogen; 6. combine 1,3,4 and 5 above; 7.
combine 1, 2, and 5 above; 8. restrict average
total sediment yield. Effects of these policies
In the glaciated and unglaclated regions of the
state are explored. Estimation of appropriate
data for the economic analysis (partial com-
petitive equilibrium) Is an integral part of the
study. Marginal cost of pollution reduction is
calculated for each policy and a cost curve is
generated for a sediment policy on selected
farms. Data Include physical quantities of
pollutant reduction. Major conclusions are: 1.
Sediment limit should be differentiated by
region; 2. Sediment limits based on ton/acre/
farm is superior to ton/acre/field; 3. Nitrate
pollution from manure and chemicals is
unlikely to be a major problem in Wisconsin;
4. Assuming compliance, the restriction of
winter-spread manure to slopes of 4 percent or
less is superior to complete prohibition of
winter spreading. (Water Resources Scientific
Information Center)
4805-B2, C2, Dl, E2, E3
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF A SEPARATOR FOR BOVINE
MANURE
R. E. Bos
M.S. Thesis, Department of Agricultural
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State Univer-
sity, Nov., 1976, 45 p. 5 fig., 14 tab., 27 ref.
Keywords: Separation techniques, Equip-
ment, Cattle wastes, Slurries, Moisture con-
tent, Nutrients, Odor, Refeeding, Fertilizers.
Study objectives were: (1) To design and
develop equipment to separate the fibrous
cellulose material from the liquid phase of
bovine manure slurry and to dewater the
solids enough to prevent seepage of water
from the solids phase. (2) To evaluate the
machine under various operating conditions to
find the range of optimum performance. (3) To
evaluate the solids and the liquid for their
respective plant and animal nutritional values.
A vibrating screen alone did not remove
sufficient water to prevent seepage of liquid
from the solids separate. A two-stage separa-
tor, consisting of a vibrating screen in
conjunction with a porous belt conveyor and
press rolls, was developed. The resulting
fibrous separate had a moisture content of
approximately 75 percent and was free of
seepage and odor problems. It dried quickly at
room temperature. The following conclusions
were drawn from the investigation: (1) The
d'Arcy equation was inadequate as a model
lor dewaterlng manure slurries. (2) Dewater-
ing by means of compression was impractical
without prior removal of fine particles. (3)
Vibration separation means can only be
expected to increase the dry matter content of
the solids separate to about 10 percent. (4)
Dilution rates of 1:1 manure and water
provided optimum consistency for effective
flushing of fines. (5) The fibrous separate was
too low in nutrient value, and the liquid
separate was too low in dry matter to be
147
-------
considered practical for refeeding. (6) Most of
the crop nutrient value was in the liquid
separate. (Merryman - East Central)
4806-A1, A6, B2, B4, Cl, C2, Dl,
D3, E2
A POLLUTANT AND NUTRI-
ENT BUDGET FOR A SURFACE-
AERATED DAIRY STORAGE
LAGOON
Department of Animal Sciences, Washington
State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164
R. E. Hermanson, M. H. Ehlers, and D. F.
Bezdicek
Paper No. 77-4570, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 21 p. 1
fig., 7 tab., 33 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Lagoons, Waste
treatment, Waste storage, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Land disposal,
Irrigation.
The concentrations of waste parameters in the
lagoon influent from 65 lactating dairy cows
varied from the wet season to the dry seasons
because of differences in the volume of lot
runoff. From a mass-balance analysis, reduc-
tions of TS and VS varied from 38 to 41
percent in the winter to 54 and 62 percent in
the summer, with study means of 46 and 52
percent. These reductions occurred with a VS
loading rate of 1.16 kg/rrr*/day and a short
detention time of 5-6 weeks. VS reduction in
laboratory and field studies with sludge
recovery have ranged from 19-75 percent. An
alternative analysis for VS reduction was
made using the regression equation for
influent and effluent VS as a function of TS. A
unit of effluent TS was divided Into the FS and
VS components according to the effluent
regression. The amount of Influent VS
associated with the previously calculated FS
quantity then was calculated from the influent
regression and the relationship among TS, FS,
and VS. With the influent and effluent VS
known, the VS reduction was calculated to be
32 percent -- less than the value from the
mass-balance analysis. Inasmuch as the
change in regression coefficient from the
influent to effluent equation is due to a
reduction In the VS fraction and the correla-
tion coefficients were extremely high, the
calculated VS reduction should be correct. The
reduction of 32 percent indicates that actual
biochemical destruction of VS. The mass-bal-
ance, 52-percent reduction indicates what
might be expected in farm practice with
effective, but normally Incomplete, solids
removal during lagoon pumpout. The produc-
tion of COD, TS, VS, and TKN from the cows
in this research exceeded the amounts
estimated from current average data. It was
concluded that the increase resulted from the
above-U.3.-average milk production of the
herd, which indicates greater ration consump-
tion. Aerators sized according to the recom-
mendation of providing an oxygen-transfer
rate of 1.5 items BOD loading rate minimized
malodors in the lagoon vicinity during
operation, but did not adequately reduce
malodors during lagoon mixing and pumpou'
to sprinkler-irrigation disposal. The aerators
used exceeded another recommendation for
sizing of 8 kW/1000 m of lagoon surface The
recommendation of 112 the COD loading rate
was not tried, but because of the greatei
oxygenation rate would possibly control all
malodors. The manure-collection and trans-
port system performed adequately, but would
be improved by lengthening the sluice box to
facilitate manure movement Into the sewer.
Removal of lagoon sludge would be improved
by adding a high-volume, low head manure
pump to provide continuous and better mixing
than the Irrigation manure pump provided.
(Hermanson - Washington State University;
Merryman - ed.)
4807-B2, C2, C3, D2, D3
BACTERIAL RESPONSE TO
SALTS IN AN ANAEROBIC
DAIRY LAGOON
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
D. Georgacakis and D. M. Sievers
Paper No. 77-4572, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 24 p. 10
fig., 6 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Lagoons, Anaerobic
conditions, Salt additions, Bacterial response,
Cations, Gas production, Toxicity.
A series of laboratory microcosms were
established to study the bacterial response to
various cations when added to an anaerobic
lagoon. Five cations (Na, K, NHij, Ca, Mg)
were added as the chloride salts on a slug
basis to sludge-effluent mixtures obtained
from an anaerobic dairy lagoon. Concentra-
tions ranged from 0.02N to 0.8N. Gas
production was used as an indication of
bacterial activity. Salt concentration was
expressed as electrical conductivity (E.G.).
The biological activity as Influenced by the
addition of a single cation was found to
conform to a regression curve of the form Y =
aeVAII the curves made an excellent fit to the
experimental data (Revalues greater than
0.980 for all curves). A more representative
curve for the combined data was developed by
nonlinear regression analysis. The regression
curve resulted from the Least Squares Method
has a Revalue of 0.896, From this combined
curve, the peak stimulation was found to occur
at 6.5 mmhos/cm corresponding to a* gas
production of 110.6 percent of the control. The
crossover point occurred at 13.0 mmhos/cm
where the gas production was 89.0 percent of
the control. Beyond the crossover point,
increasing concentrations of cations resulted
in rapidly increasing toxicity. The toxicity
order of the cations tested was found to be
(increasing toxicity): Ca, Mg, Na, K, NHjj_The
order of toxicity appeared to be strongly
influenced by the effects of antagonism and
synergism. (Georgacakis University of
Missouri)
'2, C2, D3, E2
PREDICTION OF EFFECTS OF
LAGOON DESIGN VARIABLES -
NITROGEN CONSERVATION OR
REMOVAL
Biological and Agricultural Engineering,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27607
M. R. Overcash, F. J. Humenik, P. W.
Westerman, and J C. Barker
Paper No. 77-4575, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois. December 13-16, 1977, 15 p.
4 fig., 14 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes. Lagoons, Design,
Waste treatment, Anaerobic conditions,
Effluent quality, Land disposal, Model
studies, Residence time, Lagoon depth,
Nitrogen.
A mechanistic model was developed based on
the major loss pathway for nitrogen. The
model does not treat the multitude of
microbial reactions or interactions between
sludge and supernatant since the number of
independent constants to be evaluated Is
prohibitive. Utilizing known raw waste charac-
teristics, (i.e., waste volumes, Q; net sludge
storage, &<. TKN: lagoon araa, A; and the
characteristic mass transfer coefficient per
unit area, b-f^( the annual mean lagoon
effluent concentration and the ratio of lagoon
depth to residence time, Q/A, a design can be
selected to meet swine producer objectives for
the total pretreatment-land application sys-
tem. (Overcash - North Carolina State Univer-
sity)
4809-B2, C2, C3, E2, E3
WASTEWATER REUSE LAGOON
SYSTEMS FOR SWINE
Agricultural Engineering Department,
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36830
H. E. Hamilton
Paper No. 77-4574, American Society of Agri-
cultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 16 p. 1
fig., 4 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Two cell lagoon
systems, Flushing, Wastewater reuse, Land
disposal, Loading rates, Salt concentrations,
Nitrogen.
Experiments were conducted to determine the
effects of loading on two-cell swine lagoons
where wastewater from the second cell is
reused for flushing manure from the buildings
into the first lagoon. Loading rates were 40,
80, 160, and 320 grams volatile solids per day
per cubic meter. The data indicate that salt
concentration would limit land application of
wastewater from the second cell when plant
uptake is the primary criteria. The lower and
the higher loading rates resulted in more
rapid accumulation of wastewater due to more
total rainwater on the lagoon receiving the
lowest loading rate (larger surface area) and
the higher volume of manure placed in the
lagoon receiving the highest loading rate.
Only about 50 percent of volume input can be
accounted for in the discharge from the lagoon
systems during the first year. Ammonia
nitrogen accounted for 88 to 100 percent of the
total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in the lagoon cells.
(Hamilton-Auburn University)
4810-B2, C2, Dl, D3
NITRATE PRODUCTION
CONTROL IN AN OXIDATION
DITCH
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
68583
T. J. Greninger, D. L. Day, and A. H. Jensen
Paper No. 77-4576, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 14 p. 6
fig., 4 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Oxidation ditch
mixed liquor, Aeration, Model studies, Field
studies, Nitrates.
148
-------
The Influence of denltrlflcallon on the
formation of nitrate In swine manure mixed
liquor In an oxidation ditch was studied under
field conditions and In a laboratory model
which successfully reproduced field condi-
tions. The project is further reported In M.S.
thesis by Grenlnger (1977). Degree of nitrifi-
cation In the ODML was varied by varying the
amount of aeration In the oxidation ditch.
Since the aerators worked at constant speed,
the amount of aeration was varied by
changing the length of time between aerations
by means of a time clock setting regulating the
"on" and "off" periods for the rotor.
Although time of aeration was the only
parameter that was changed deliberately, and
an attempt was made to keep all other
parameters unchanged, the day-to-day opera-
tions of the Moorman Swine Farm, such as
change In population of the swine house,
feeding, etc., were not under experimental
control, and these uncontrolled factors may
have caused some variations In the experi-
mental data The following ware true of both
the field ditch and the laboratory simulation;
Under the most stringent conditions, the
amount of nitrates formed In the oxidation
ditch mixed liquor did not reach the theoreti-
cal maximum calculated from the total
nitrogen available In the ditch feed. Since
nitrate formation under the most drastic
conditions was roughly half that expected, the
probable maximum nitrate formation In an
oxidation ditch can be predicted by multiply-
ing the total nitrogen available In the ditch
teed by a factor of 0.5 Nitrate formation can
be inhibited by creating conditions favoring
denitrlflcatlon In the present experiments,
denltrification was encouraged during periods
of non-aeration ol the ditch liquor. (Grenlnger
- University of Nebraska)
48J1-A2, B2, El, E2
SIZING COMPONENTS ON OPEN
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Agricullural Engineering Department, Kan-
sas Slate University, Manhattan, Kansas,
J. A Anschutz, J. L. Koelllker, J J Zovne,
T. A Bean, and M. J. Peterson
Paper No. 77-4579, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Wlnler Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 12-16, 1977, 19 p. 4
fig., 7 lab., 17 ref
Keywords: Computer models, Agricultural
runoff, Feedlols, Runoff control, Perfor-
mance, Climatic variables, Irrigation, Evapor-
ation, Moisture deficit.
A computer simulation model for open feedlot
runoff control systems was used to develop a
data base to determine Important climatic
variables that affect Ihe performance of
systems that use irrigation or evaporation (or
disposal of runoff. The moisture deficit was
lound to be mooi important for irrigation
disposal oystems and the ratio of pr&clpitatlon
to evaporation for evaporation systems. A
method to size components of the feedlot
runoit control system lor any spoclflc location
is presented The necessary coefficients for
Ihe method are also Included. The designer Is
cautioned not to indiscriminately use Ihe
method in areas where climatic conditions are
very much different than those used to
develop the relationships. (Anschulz-Kanaas
State University)
4t>n-BJ!, O, C2, D2, £3, E4
UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF
RESIDUE FROM THE PARTIAL
OXIDATION OF CATTLE MA-
NURE
B. H. Khara
M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineer-
ing, Texas Tech University, Aug., 1975, 76 p.
2 fig., 24 tab., 64 ref.
Keywords: Oxidation, Fluid bed reactor,
Cattle wastes, Methane, Recycling, Char,
Ash, Pollution potential, Adsorption, Coag-
ulation, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Fuels, Fertilizers, Adsorbents.
A plant to produce synthesis gas by partial
oxidation of cattle manure generates char and
ash as solid residue. The objectives of this
project were to Identify solid waste problems
associated with the synthesis gas process and
to suggest alternative solutions to these
problems. The determination of the pollution
potential of the by-products and of possible
utilization schemes were the prime objectives.
The chemical and physical characteristics of
the char and ash were determined. Based on
this data and the results of laboratory scale
adsorption and coagulation experiments, the
following conclusions were drawn: (1) Potas-
sium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phos-
phorus, silicon, chloride, and sulfate were
Identified as the major constituents of manure
ash. (2) The specific gravity of the ash varied
from 2.02 to 2.46 and the fusion temperatures
ranged from 1,099'C to 1,288 C. (3) The water
soluble content varied from 32 percent to 51
percent; potassium, sodium, chloride, and
sulfate being the major soluble constituents of
ash. (4) Analysis of ash prepared from manure
samples from 2 different feedlots and from
different locations within a feedlot showed
little variability in the physical and chemical
characteristics determined. (5) Based upon
the low heating value, difficulty with Ignition,
and the large quantities of resultant ash, the
prospects of using char as a primary fuel are
not encouraging. However, its use as a
supplemental fuel may be feasible. (6) Char
and ash seem quite conducive to disposal In a
carefully designed and operated sanitary
landfill The pollution potentials of these
wastes are not great. (7) Application of
manure ash as fertilizer Is probably not
feasible due to Its high sodium content. (8)
The adsorption ability of char In removing
synthetic color from water was close to that of
activated carbon. Ash was also found to have
appreciable color adsorbing capability. (9)
Composition of the ash and Its high percent-
age of soluble components indicate that Its use
as an admixture in cement, concrete, or lime
may not be teasible. It Is recommended that In
the partial oxidation process, the condensa-
tion of organic vapors on solid residue should
be prevented. This will reduce the pollution
potential of the char, thereby enhancing Its
use as an adsorbent. Additional study In these
and other areas of reuse are recommended
(Merryman-East Central)
4813-All, Bl, C3, E3
LISTERIA-ENCEFALITIS IN
COWS THROUGH LITTER FROM
A BROILER-FARM
Anirnd' Health Service In Frlesland, Leeuwar-
den, Holland
R. G. Dljkstra
Zentralblatt fuer Bakterlologle, Parlslten-
kunde und Infektlonskrankhelten und Erste
Abt. Orig. Relhe B. Hyg. Praev. Med.. V. 161,
No. 4, / 383-385, 1976. 3 ref.
Keywords: Animal health, Poultry litter,
Disease, L/steria monocytogenes, Cattle,
Holland.
An outbreak of Llsterla-encefa/itls at a loose-
housed cattle-farm precipitated an Investiga-
tion of the disease's origin. Poultry litter
which was used on the confinement pen floor
was the suspected culprit. In order to check
the manner in which broilers can excrete
Listerla-baclerls and infect the litter, an
Investigation was conducted to examine the
intestinal contents of broilers ready for use.
The cooperation of a poultrv-slauahterhouse
.and of the meat Inspection-service was
secured. Lislerla-bacterla was Isolated from
the intestinal contents of broilers. Conse-
quently, it was ascertained that litter could be
infected. Therefore, litter of broilers put In
loose-housed cattle farms can be a potential
danger from the standpoint of Listerla-enceta-
litis Infections. (Merryman-East Central)
4814-A6, A7, Bl, F2
ODOR REGULATION
SANCE LAWS
BY NUI-
Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas
J. M. Sweeten and D. R. Levl
Fact Sheet L-1449, Texas Agricultural Exten-
sion Service, Texas A&M University, 1976, 4
P.
Keywords: Legal aspects, Regulation, Odor,
Feedlots, Zoning, Site selection, Waste
management
The Congress, the state legislatures, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and state
agencies have established a legal framework
which has had a profound Impact on
environmental protection in the last 10 years.
But today, the most powerful force In environ-
mental protection Is the court. The laws and
regulations are Interpreted by the courts In
Individual odor complaint cases, thus bringing
about public regulation of odors. The actual
nuisance lawsuit Is In most Instances a civil
lawsuit between two or more Individuals or
businesses. The suits usually Involve nearby
neighbors who are requesting the court to
award them monetary damages for an
injunctlve relief from the production or waste
disposal operations of the defendant. To the
extent that Injunctive relief or monetary
damages are granted, the producer Is sub-
jected to private regulation of his business.
Less formal but equally effective regulation
results from actions taken by a producer to
avoid such litigation. From recent private
nuisance lawsuits involving livestock feeding
operations, It can be concluded that callous
disregard for proper waste management can
result In expensive punitive damages. On the
other hand, injunctions are harsh remedies
and are not granted by the courts without
substantial cause. Therefore, normal, reason-
able operations generally have been allowed
to continue. (Sweeten-Texas A&M University)
4815-All, B3, C2, E3
NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY
LAMBS FED WHEAT STRAW
ALONE OR WITH SUPPLE-
MENTS CONTAINING DRIED
POULTRY WASTE, COTTON-
SEED MEAL OK UREA
149
-------
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
R. S. Swingle, A. Araiza, and A. R. Urias
Journal of Animal Science, V. 45, No. 6, p.
1435-1441, Dec., 1977. 5 tab., 31 ref.
Keywords; Diets, Sheep, Refeedlna, Dried
poultry wastes, Cottonseed meal, Urea,
Wheat straw, Nitrogen utilization.
Three growing ram lambs were used In a 3 x 3
latin square to determine utilization of
nitrogen (N) from diets containing wheat
straw supplemented with dried poultry waste
(DPW), cottonseed meal (CSM) or urea.
Supplements formulated from the three N
sources provided 85 percent of the total
dietary N. The DPW and CSM provided over
90 percent and urea over 70 percent of the N In
their respective supplements. Dally intakes of
total dry matter (67g/Wffi, straw dry matter
(46g/W-k5 and N (25.7 g7 were not affected
(P < .05)* by source of supplemental N.
Apparent digestibility of N was higher (P<.05)
for the urea supplemented diet (74 percent)
than for DPW (68 percent) or CSM (67
percent) diets. Daily urinary N excretion was
highest (P <, .05) on the urea diet (16 g)
followed by DPW (14g) and CSM (11g) diets.
Approximately 35 percent of the absorbed N
was retained on the CSM diet compared with
16 percent for DPW and urea diets (P< .05).
Upon completion of the latin square, the
lambs were fed only wheat straw for 70 days.
Nitrogen balances were determined after 10,
28 and 63 days Daily intakes of straw dry
matter (52g/W-i§ and N (4.7 g) were similar
(P> .05) for an three collection periods.
Although the lambs were in negative N
balance throughout this unsupplemented
phase, the degree of negativity decreased in
each succeeding collection period. (Swingle -
University of Arizona)
4816-A7, All, B3, C2, E3
MANURE REMOVED WEEKLY
FROM HIGH-RISE HOUSES
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 431, p. 27, Jan.,
1978. 2 fig.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Manure pits,
Weekly removal, Cleaning, Land spreading,
Labor.
Creekwood Farms, Inc., Lake Mill, Wiscon-
sin, has turned to weekly removal of manure
from the manure pits under their high-rise
poultry houses due to sloppy manure resulting
from leaks in the cup watering system,
seepage of rain water, and moisture rising by
capillary action through the sandy soil. Not
only was the water dilution reducing the
manure's fertilizer value, but the ammonia
and hydrogen being released were not good
for the poultry. Spillage from the watering
system has been corrected by use of filters
and regular checking of cups for leaking.
Cleaning is done by means of a Model 8N
Standard Ford tractor which utilizes a scraper
to push the manure into a cross trough which
has a conveyor that takes the manure and
elevates it for deposit in a spreader outside.
The manure is then spread on the farm's
acreage. Time to remove a one-week's
manure accumulation from two 52,000-layer
three-deck, high-rise cage houses is two
8-hour days for one man. (Rowe East
Central)
4817-B2, C2, D2, D3, E3, E4, Fl
POULTRY MANURE MAKES
DEBUT AS ENERGY SOURCE
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V. 102, No. 22, p. 30, Nov.
26, 1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Animal wastes,
Fermentation, Anaerobic digestion, Methane,
Electricity, Recycling, By-product recovery,
Algae production, Land disposal.
Daryl Rockey of Sunny Time Energy located In
Des Moines, Iowa developed a system which
proved that animal wastes can be used to
produce methane gas. A 50,000-gallon airtight
concrete digestor (tank) formed the main part
of the methane gas collector. About 40 tons of
manure from the 160,000 layers, kept In two
houses, was scraped directly Into the digestor
each day. To liquefy the manure and speed up
the natural biological fermentation process,
heated water was added to the digestor. A gas
that is about 90 percent methane was
produced. The methane was used to power an
LP-gas driven generator. Developers expect
that when the system Is fully operative, It can
produce most of the electricity used on the
farm. This could mean a savings of up to
$2000 a month in electrical bills. Additional
benefits of the system are: (1) The process
liquefies the manure, making It easier to
handle and inject in soils. (2) Possible runoff
and odor problems from applying the manure
are eliminated by handling it as a liquid. (3)
Effluent produced by the digestor may prove
effective for growing algae that can be used
for poultry feed. The complete system would
cost $150,000 new. (Rowe - East Central)
48IS-A3, A4, B2, B4, C3, D3, E2
THE FATE OF ENTERIC BAC-
TERIA DURING STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL EX-
CRETA
M. R. Evans
Paper presented at ARC Symposium, Farm
Waste, Glasgow, Scotland, 1972, 4 p. 1 ref.
Keywords: Pathogenic bacteria, Waste stor-
age, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic treatment,
Salmonellae, Retention time, Land disposal,
Agricultural runoff, Water pollution.
To help evaluate the likely extent of the
dissemination of pathogens from confinement
house animals, (a) the survival of salmonellae
in swine wastes, during storage and aerobic
treatment prior to disposal, and (b) factors
effecting the passage of enteric bacteria from
excrement through land into sub-surface
drains were studied. Experimental results
indicated that If salmonellae are present in
animal wastes, some are still likely to be
present at the time of disposal. The numbers
of surviving salmonellae in sludges from
aerobic treatment of the excrement, however,
would depend on the sludge retention time.
Only In low rate treatment systems, having a
sludge retention time of up to 20 days, would a
significant reduction of viable salmonellae
occur. Untreated excrement, In the form of a
semi-liquid slurry, or sludges resulting from
aerobic waste treatment, are normally dis-
posed of by spraying them into the surface of
grasslands. The concentration of enteric
bacteria in the drainage water of a pasture
was found to be affected by three factors (1)
the flow rate of water through the soli; (2) the
numbers of enteric bacteria in or on soil and
vegetation; and (3) the application to the land
of large volumes of semi-liquid animal
excrement over short periods of time. It was
Indicated that the application of Infected
excrement to land could result In high
concentrations of salmonellae gaining access
to water courses. (Bates - East Central)
4819-A8, B3, B5, C2, E2
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MA-
NURE ON THE YIELD AND
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
THE WHEAT CROP
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,
India
G. S. Mann, H. S. Jagirdar, and S. M. Sood
Journal of Research, V. 10, No. 4, p. 438-441,
1973. 2 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Farmyard manure, Land applica-
tion, Wheat, Crop response, Compost, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Potassium.
An investigation was carried out to see the
effect of compost in combination with NPK on
the yield and chemical composition of wheat.
The results revealed that N.P^OfJljp (120: 60:
60) + 2 tonnes of compost gave tne highest
yield of grains. The N content of grains
increased as the quantity of compost In-
creased. The reducing sugars decreased and
the non-reducing sugar Increased In the
grains from the fertilized crop as compared
with those in the grains from the unfertilized
control crop. (Mann-Punjab Agricultural Uni-
versity)
4820-A6, A7, Bl, F2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS.
PROCESSING AND BOOKS, INC.,
AN ILLINOIS CORPORATION,
NATIONAL-MELLODY FARM
FRESH EGG COMPANY, AN
ILLINOIS CORPORATION: AND
AEROGLIDE CORPORATION, A
NORTH CAROLINA CORPORA-
TION QUALIFIED TO DO BUSI-
NESS IN ILLINOIS, RESPOND-
ENTS.
Illinois Pollution Control Board
PCB 72-148, Illinois Pollution Control Board,
May 10, 1973, 12 p.
Keywords: Air pollution, Illinois Pollution
Control Board, Poultry wastes, Odor, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Environmental
Protection Act, Regulation, Public hearing,
Processing and Books, Inc., Aerogllde Corpor-
ation, National-Mellody Farm Fresh Egg
Company.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
filed a complaint against Processing and
Books, Inc.; National-Mellody Farm Fresh
Egg Company; and Aerogllde Corporation
with the Illinois Pollution Control Board. The
EPA alleged that the respondents caused air
pollution in violation of Section 9 (a) of the
Environmental Protection Act and that they
installed equipment affecting air quality
without first obtaining a permit in violation of
Section 9 (b) of the Act. The alleged air
pollution consisted of odors from operation of:
(1) a manure drier used to convert chicken
manure into saleable fertilizer, (2) an Incinera-
tor used to dispose of dead chickens, (3)
exhaust emissions from chicken houses, and
(4) the spreading of chicken manure on farm
acreage. It was alleged that the gaseous
emissions settled Into homes, other buildings
and open areas located within 1/2 mile of the
poultry farm. A public hearing was held which
150
-------
Included lengthy testimony from both sides.
The Board decided that: (1) Aerogllde Cor-
poration was not guilty of the charges brought;
against It. (2) Respondents Processing and
Books, Inc., and Natlonal-Mellody were no),
guilty of violation of Section 9(a) of the Act,.
however, they were adjudged guilty ofl
violating Section 9(b) of the Act and a fine of
$3,000 was assessed against the respondents.
Respondents were ordered to cease and desist
from violating Section 9(a) of the Act. (Bates -
East Central)
4821-A4, A6, B2, F2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY VS. ROBERT R.
DETERS; FABIAN J. DETERS;
MARCELLUS J. DETERS; A1VIN
L. DETERS; WILLIAM H.
DETERS, JR.; AND NORMA
MARIE DETERS WIEMAN
Illinois Pollution Control Board
PCS 72-260, Illinois Pollution Control Board,
Nov. 8, 1972, 3 p.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Cattle wastes,
Feedlot runoff, Water pollution, Regulation,
Illinois, Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Protection Act, Illinois Pollu-
tion Control Board, Odor, Turbidity.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
filed a complaint against Robert R. Deters;
Fabian J. Deters, Marcellus J. Deters; Alvln
L. Deters; William H. Deters, Jr.; and Norma
Marie Deters Welman, with the Illinois
Pollution Control Board. The EPA alleged that
the Deters operated their dairy farm In such
manner as to cause the discharge of dairy
product wastes and cattle lot runoff Into a
roadside ditch to an unnamed tributary of
Curtis Creek so as to cause water pollution, In
violation of Section 12(a) of the Environmental
Protection Act and also to cause odor and
turbidity to such a degree as to create a
nuisance, in violation of Rule 1.03 (c) of the
Illinois Sanitary Water Board Rules and
Regulations SWB-14 and also Rule 203 (a) of
the Illinois Water Pollution Regulations
(adopted March 7,1972). Hearing was held on
September 20, 1972 at which time the parties
filed a Stipulation of Facts wherein the
respondents admitted to the allegations in the
complaint. It was ordered that the respond-
ents shall cease and desist from all violations
found In the Illinois Pollution Control Board
Opinion after January 22, 1973. It was also
ordered that the respondents pay to the State
of Illinois by December 15, 1972 the sum of
$5,000 as a penalty for the violations found In
the proceeding. (Bates - East Central)
4822-A6, A7, Bl, F2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY, COMPLAINANT, VS.
LESTER KIPLING, D/B/A KIP-
LING CHICKEN HATCHERY,
RESPONDENT
Illinois Pollution Control Board
PCS 73-329, Illinois Pollution Control Board,
April 4, 1974, 4 p.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Odor, Air pollu-
tion, Regulation, Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Protection Act, Illi-
nois Pollution Control Board, Odor abatement
program.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
filed a complaint against Lester Kipling,
d/b/a Kipling Chicken Hatchery, with the
Illinois Pollution Control Board. EPA alleged
that Kipling operated his facilities causing air
pollution In violation of Section 9 (a) of the
Environmental Protection Act. This air pollu-
tion was the odor from unhauled manure at
the egg-production facility. A hearing took
place In Macomb, Illinois, on November 7,
1973. EPA relied on 13 citizen witnesses and 2
EPA employees to establish Its case. The EPA
recommended a penalty and a compliance
program. The Illinois Pollution Control Board
concurred with the EPA and ordered Kipling
to pay a penalty of $500 for violations of
section 9 (a) of the Environmental Protection
Act and to Institute an odor abatement
program which Included: weekly cleaning and
removal of manure from the facility, construc-
tion of gravel road to permit hauling of
manure In Inclement weather, hauling manure
at times to Insure least possible nuisance to
neighbors, maintenance of a continuous flow
watering system to avoid the mixture of water
with manure, Installation of dust filtering
devices, disposal of all dead poultry In
compliance with the Dead Animal Disposal
Act, and experimentation with chemical
deodorizing agents. (Bates - East Central)
4823-B3, C2, Dl, D3, E3
MORE DEAR MOTHER (A LET-
TER FROM JIM LAWRENCE)
J. Lawrence
Mother Earth News, No. 49, p. 168, Jan./
Feb., 1978.
Keywords: Manure water heaters, Recycling,
Denmark, Physical treatment, Biological
treatment, Recycling, Methane.
Jim Lawrence discusses an article he has read
which states that researchers at Denmark's
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
have studied a system that uses manure to
heat water- a system which involves trans-
porting fresh manure to the interior chamber
of adouble-walledsllo. (The area between the
two walls Is filled with water). The natural
composting process accelerates because the
manure is aired constantly with a ventilating
fan. The heat (up to 154® - 176e F) passes
through the walls to warm the water that Is
circulated by pipes to a radiator In the house.
As new manure begins to fill the silo, already
composted material Is removed by spiked
rollers from the bottom and transferred to a
holding area to await final disposal. Although
the system Isn't yet perfected,!! presents an
economical alternative for water heating by
using materials readily available on most
homesteads. (Bates - East Central)
4824-B2, C2, D3, E3, E4, Fl
ENERGY POTENTIAL THROUGH
BIO-CONVERSION OF AGRICUL-
TURAL WASTES
Bio-Gas of Colorado, Inc.
J. L. Burford, Jr. and F. T. Varani
Final Report to Four Corners Regional
Commission, Technical Assistance Grant -
FCRC No. 651-366-075, Bio-Gas of Colorado,
Inc., Sept. 1, 1976, 196 p.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Animal
wastes, Anasroblc digestion, Recycling, Econ-
omics, Resources, Design, Methane Fertili-
zer, Algae, Feasibility study, Impact state-
ments.
Bio-gas of Colorado Instituted a study In order
to evaluate the energy potential and economic
feasibility of producing methane gas through
anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes
from the four state area of Colorado, Arizona,
Utah, and New Mexico, This was done with
the ultimata objective In mind of constructing
a commercial facility. Funding for this report
was made possible through a, grant by the
Four Corners Regional Commission to the
Colorado Energy Research Institute which
sub-contracted Bio-gas of Colorado. The
project addressed Itself specifically to Inven-
torying agricultural wastes In the four state
area as derived from (1) livestock manures, (2)
crop residues, and (3) food processing wastes
which would be available In significant
collectable quantities. Resource maps with
legends have bean drawn up to show location
of all livestock operations and other necessary
resources such as natural gas pipelines,
highways, Irrigated cropland, and electrical
transmission grid. A design study was made
of a plant process for converting animal waste
into the methane gas, fertilizer, and protein
materials through anaerobic fermentation and
algae culture. The economics of this plant and
its operation were evaluated and gas predic-
tions were made on the basis of the most
recently available livestock Industry statistics.
A theoretical market for the products was
developed and evaluated and the Impact thcii
these products might have In tha four state
area was estimated. (Bates - East Central)
4825-A6, Bl, F2
RECENT TRENDS IN ODOR NUI-
SANCE LAWSUITS
J. M. Sweeten and D. R. Lsvl
Texas Agricultural Extension Service Leaflet,
July, 1976, 4 p.
Keywords: Odor, Nuisance lawsuits, Regula-
tion, Swine, Cattle, Confinement pans, Feed-
lots, Balance of Interests test, Maximum
permlssable odor intensity, Reasonableness.
Six court cases that show recent trends in odor
nuisance lawsuits are presented. The first two
cases emphasize the Importance of good
management. A swine production operator
was found not guilty because he was
employing reasonable, commercially-accept-
able production methods. In another suit,
charges were dropped against a Texas cattle
feedlot operator because he was using
management practices that were equal or
superior to common practice In the Industry.
The next two cases considered Involve the
"balance of Interest test". In one case,
judgement forced an Arizona feedlot to move
away from a land development project, but the
developer was ordered to pay the costs of the
move. In another case, a Texas court decided
in favor of a cattle (eedlot that was adjacent to
a new residential subdivision because the
feedlot complied with every applicable law
and regulation. The jury evidently found (he
social utilitarian value of feecllots to outweigh
the temporary inconvenience of the newly
arrived residents. The next case discussed
involves the us© of odor Intensity standards to
establish "reasonableness". A cattle feedlot
which had operated Inside the city limits of El
Paso for 15 years was closed as a permanent
public nuisance by District Court decree. A
151
-------
significant feature of the judgement was the
stipulation of a maximum permlssabla odor
intensity of seven dilutions to theshold at the
property line, as measured using a Barneby-
Cheny Scentometer. The last case Involves the
use of punitive damages against a swine
operation that disregarded reasonable man-
agement practices. In this case, effluent from
the hog operation was allowed to run onto the
plalntlff'3 property and no measures were
used to control odor from the operation. The
jury returned a verdict against the swine
operation awarding $46,200 actual damages
and $90,000 punitive damages. (Bates - East
Central)
4826-A4, AS
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING
AND EVA1UATING THE NA-
TURE AND EXTENT OF NON-
POINT SOURCES OF POLLU-
TANTS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-430/9-73-014, Oct., 1973, 261 p. 29 fig.,
24 tab , 366 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Groundwater
pollution, Non-point sources, Agriculture,
Silviculture, Construction, Mining, Pollut-
ants, Pollutant Identification, Model studies.
Agricultural, sllvicultural, construction and
mining activities contribute several pollutant
substances to surface and groundwaters, and
thus share with other activities the responsi-
bility for protecting the quality of this
country's water resources. This report was
undertaken to provide documentation of
presently available knowledge In four areas:
silviculture, agriculture, mining and construc-
tion. Particularly important are factors which
relate an emitted pollutant to Its source, for
the study is designed to assist the planner/
engineer In evaluating nonpolnt sources of
pollutants and their effects on water quality in
regional planning areas. The specific object-
ives of the program were1 (1) To provide
descriptions of nonpoint sources of informa-
tion relevant to water pollution problems,
including the nature of sources, type of
pollutants, relative importance of pollutants
from each source, and pollution loads related
to natural and operational factors. (2) To
determine methods, techniques, and proce-
dures that can be used for Identifying,
measuring, and evaluating the nature and
extent of the pollutants from nonpolnt
sources. (3) To provide analysis of the effect of
nonpolnt source pollutants on water quality
management. The following were Investigated
as sources of pollution: (1) Agriculture:
croplands, grasslands, and livestock. (2)
Silviculture: forest culture, harvesting and
logging practices. (3) Mining: new, current
and abandoned surf ace and subsurface mines,
and associated sites and facilities. (4) Con-
struction: land development, highways, and
roads, and other heavy construction. This
study provides a substantial and very useful
fund of information and data on hand for use
in describing base-line characteristics of water
quality planning regions, and for developing
the rules of thumb, equations, nomographs
and other predictive tools needed by the
planner (Bates - East Centra!)
4827-All, Bl, C2
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE
NITROGEN EXCRETION OF
BASS (DICENTRARCHUS LAB-
RAX-) DURING GROWTH, ffl.
EFFECTS OF WATER VOLUME
AND INITIAL AMMONIA CON-
CENTRATION ON THE EXCRE-
TION OF AMMONIA AND UREA
Station Marine d'Endoume, 13007 Marseille,
France
O. Guerln-Ancey
Aquaculture, V. 9, No. 3, p. 253-258, 1976. 2
fig., 8 ref.
Keywords: Fish, Nitrogen excretion, Bass,
Water volume, Ambient ammonia, Toxlcity,
Urea.
The effects of water volume and ambient
ammonia were examined for young fish
acclimated to 16, 18 and 20 C. D/centrerchus
labrax excreted less ammonia nitrogen when
ambient ammonia was Increased and when
the volume of water was decreased. Fishes
subjected to increasing ambient ammonia
levels showed an Increase In the rate of urea
excretion. Ammonia poisoning occurred at an
ammonia level of 10 mg/l. The minimum
non-autotoxlc volume for bass is 12 1/kg at
16°C, 15 1/kg at 20*C. (Guarln-Ancey-Statlon
Marine d'Eddoume) (Publication In French
only)
4828-A6, A 7, B2, B3, B4, E2
WHICH WASTE SYSTEM IS
BEST?
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 3, No. 1, p. 6, Jan., 1978.
Keywords: Waste management, Design, Con-
finement pens, Liquid wastes, Solid wastes,
Waste storage, Land spreading, Odor control,
Air pollution.
Louis Lubinus of South Dakota State Univer-
sity describes several swine waste handling
systems. In the first system, manure is
collected with a tractor and scraper from the
floor, loaded into a manure-spreader, and
hauled to the field. Liquid manure-handling
systems usually store all manure (both solids
and liquids) In a pit under slotted floors, In an
underground tank or holding pit, or in an
anaerobic lagoon. With storage pits, no
collecting equipment Is needed, but the
wastes must be removed periodically by a
manure pump and then spread on the fields.
However, odors and gases are a problem with
this type of system. Other liquid systems use
mechanical scrapers or hydraulic flushing
equipment and gutters to remove the wastes
from the facility. This eliminates gases and
odors. These systems must be carefully
designed and additional equipment is needed
to collect the manure. Economic conditions,
management skills, personal preferences,
type of operation and location should be
considered in deciding which system is best
for each producer. (Bates - East Central)
9-A2, B2, B4, E2
RUNOFF CONTROL
Anonymous
Confinement, V 3, No. 2, p. 8, Feb., 1978
Keywords: Feedlot runoff. Runoff control,
Design, Debris basins, Locations, Holding
ponds, Irrigation.
A three-year study of the best location (Inside
or outside the feedlot) for ihe debris basin of
the runoff-control system identifies pros and
cons of both locations. Debris basins located
inside the pen use land efficiently and cattle
can use berms of the basin to avoid muddy lots
in extended wet periods Basins Inside the
pens dry faster In dry weather and facilitate
easier spreading or mounding In the pen at
cleaning time. On the other hand, these debris
basins are damp longer In cool, wet weather
and have repeated drainage problems In
summer and winter. Berms of basins must be
occasionally rebuilt and placement of the
fenceline can also be a problem. Debris basins
located outside pans are generally drier and
easier to manage and are less likely to plug
drains. However, extreme snowmelt slurry
runoff can bury fencellnes, solids may
accumulate at fencellnes, and weed control on
sideslopes of basins Is difficult. Shallow
basins are favored over deep basins. Locating
the holding pond beside the debris' basin has
two advantages: Runoff from a storm exceed-
ing design capacity of the basin will overflow
directly into the holding pond, and the basin
can be smaller. The disposal system should be
designed for use whenever the holding pond
must be emptied rather than primarily for
irrigating cropland. (Bates - East Ceniral)
4830-31, F4
INNOVATIONS
1980s CATTLE FEEDING
E. Clark
Feeaistuffs, V, 50, No. 8, p. 12, tab. 20, 1978.
Keywords: Cattle feeding, Research and
development, Feed additives, Intake ?tlmu-
lants, Digestion stimulants, Protein sources,
Methane.
Dr. Robert Totusek, Animal Science Depart-
ment, Oklahoma State University, predicts
many innovations will be seen In 1980's cattle
feeding. Totusek predicts that cattle entering
the feadlot In the 1980s will not only receive
standard immunization and parasite treat-
ments but will also be vaccinated against
founder, emphyzema, and "sudden" death
and will receive rumen Innoculatlons for
adaptation to high energy rations. Cattle will
be fed rations "least coated" on the basis of
known and undiscovered nutrients, as well as
"ration factors", such as cement dust and
industrial fermentation residue. Rations will
contain specific Intake stimulants, specific
digestion stimulants and certain lower cost
protein sources. Rations will also contain
protected proteins to prevent degradation In
the rumen, animal waste and non-animal
waste, and specific additives to inhibit
meihane production In the animal, but
encourage production In the faces. Totusek
also examined the status of cattle rosearch In
his report, which Includes: ammonia treat-
ment of high moisture grain, cement dust as
feed, liquid trace mineral supplements,
Monssln as a supplement, value of high
moisture corn, rumen Innocuianis, silage
additives, Implants, slow release urea, and
waste rsfeedlng. (Bates - East Central)
4831-A7, All, B2, B4
FLUSH GUTTER SYSTEMS; CUT
COSTS, IIWPBOVE ANIM4L EN-
VIRONMENT
152
-------
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 2, No. 10, p. 19, Nov-Dec
1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Confinement pens, Swine wastes,
Waste management, Design, Manure storage
pits, Flushing, Ventilation.
Agricultural Engineering Associates of
Unlontown, Kansas offers considerable ex-
pertise In swine confinement facility design.
Of particular concern In this article Is the
problem of waste management. They feel that
many swine confinement facilities are con-
structed with Inadequate waste handling
systems. John George, president of the firm,
Indicates that the problem with most facilities
Is Inadequate capacity of the flushing system.
This firm presents these two solutions to the
problem: (1) A trapezoidal-shaped, free
swinging tip tank mounted on 1V4" shafts
with pillow-block ball bearings. The tanks are
built In sizes from 60 gal/2' long to 450
gal/10' long and have capacities on open
gutters up to 250' long and slotted gutters to
about 150' long. (2) A modular siphon made of
fiberglass with an average discharge rate of
over 800 gal/mln. Modules can be ganged In
tanks of any size to produce flows of 1200,
1800, 2400 (and on up) gal/mln. to flush any
width and length of gutter desired. The tanks
are built in sizes from 600 gpm/180 gal
storage to 3000 gpm/900 gal storage. Agricul-
tural Engineering Associates also has the
capability to custom-design higher capacity
siphons for Individual Installation where
pre-built models are Inadequate. (Bates - East
Central)
4832-32, B4
GRAVITY DRAIN SYSTEMS FOR
FARROWING AND NURSERY
FACILITIES
University of Wisconsin-Extension
D. J. Meyer
Confinement, V. 3, No. 2, p. 12-14, 23, Feb.,
1978. 10 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Gravity drain systems, Waste
management, Swine wastes, Confinement
pens, Design, Waste storage.
A new alternative to consider with liquid
manure handling systems Is the gravity drain
system. It's basically a modification of the
deep narrow gutter. The advantages of this
system over long-term storage pits under
swine buildings include: (1) Odor and gas
concentrations are reduced in and around the
building. (2) No pit fans are necessary. (3) The
system lends Itself to a central manure storage
or liquid-solid separation. This system is
different from the flush system in six major
aspects: (1) No dump tanks or siphons are
necessary. (2) The shape of the trench is
similar to a "Y". (3) The trench must befitted
with a water-tight plug. (4) Manual pulling of
the plug is required every 4 to 7 days. (5)
Covered storage tanks or pits can be used
instead of lagoons to reduce outside odor. (6)
The gravity drain system adds very little
moisture to the building air which may be
more Ideal for farrowing and nursery units.
The gravity drain system Is working success-
fully In all existing farrowing and nursery
operations where It has bean Installed. The
gutter slope, length, and trench side slope are
critical to proper operation. Included In this
presentation are design specifications and
Installation diagrams. (Bates - East Central)
4833-A11, A12, E3, Fl
RECYCLING TAKES
MANAGEMENT
EXTRA
Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas
77843
J. Sweeten
Beef V. 14, No. 6, p. 56, 60-61, Feb., 1978. 2
fig.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Refeedlng, Animal health, Public health,
Economics.
According to a panel of national experts at a
seminar on feedlot manure recycling for
nutrient recovery held In Ada, Oklahoma,
feeding livestock and poultry manure Is not
only safe from an animal and human health
standpoint, but It can also provide economic
advantages to the cattleman and can help
extend the nation's food supply. The major
points presented by the speakers were: (1)
Keep manure and harvesting costs low. (2)
Don't spend money on processes that don't
enhance the nutritive value. (3) Keep manure
fraction of the ration at reasonably low levels
(5-25 percent). (4) Keep moisture content of
manure fairly low (15 percent). (5) Let
economics guide the decision on use of
manure. (6) Monitor the nutrient and residue
content of manure being refed. To realize
appreciable benefits, manure refeedlng takes
more careful management than does conven-
tional grain feeding. Participants at the
seminar were told that the FDA would soon
announce its new stand on the legality of
manure as a feed additive. (Bates East
Central)
4834-A11, B3, E3
BROILER UTTER
GAIN DURING
SAYS
E. Clark
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 10, p. 14, March 6,
1978.
Keywords: Broiler litter, Refeeding, Cattle,
Performance, Liver copper levels, Chollne,
Dietary supplements
Dr. K. E. Webb, Jr., Dr. J. P. Fontenot and
W. H. McClure, animal scientists at Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University,
evaluated the long-term effects on perform-
ance and liver copper levels resulting from
feeding broiler litter during the wintering
period. They found that weaning rates and
number of calves born tended to be higher for
the cows fed the litter and corn plus additional
copper and that gain was slightly better for
cows fed the broiler litter than those fed a hay
ration. In a second trial, weaning heifers were
fed differing rations of corn silage soybean
meal, grain and broiler litter silage. It was
found that the rate of gain was higher in the
calves fed rations containing the litter silage.
Carcass quality tended to be higher with
corn-litter silage than for cattle fed plain corn
silage. A study was also made of the effect of
dietary choline on rate and efficiency of gain
in finishing calves fed urea or soybean meal.
Study results gave no clear answer, however.
(Bates - East Central)
Envlronetics, Inc., 9824 Industrial Drive,
Bridgeview, Illinois 60455
T. Thurber
Confinement, V. 3, No. 2, p. 22, Feb., 1978.
Keywords: Waste management, Design, Con-
crete, Plastic liners, Environetlcs, Inc.
Tom Thurber of Environetlcs, Inc., lists some
of the negative aspects of concrete trenches
used to transport and store manure from
confinement buildings. They are: (1) Costly
farming, which Is okay If the farmer Is
absorbing the manhours himself. (2) Dlfflcult-
to-imposslble Installation in cold months. (3)
Wide variations In the cost of delivered
concrete. (4) Concrete Is not the best surface
for holding waste; It Is rough and solids will
build up. In contrast, plastic liners offer
Interesting and economical alternatives: (1)
Slippery-no solids buildup with proper
design. (2) Quicker to Install, hence more
economical. (3) The "lasting qualities" of
various plastics are pretty well known.
Depending on the grades of plastic used and
how It Is designed into an Installation, life
expectancies may exceed concrete. (Bates -
East Central)
4836-A6, El, D2, D3
DEALING WITH ODORS
J. Dawson
Confinement, V. 3, No. 1, p. 1-2, Jan., 1978.
Keywords: Odor control, Masking agents,
Enzymatic products, Chemicals, Odor ab-
sorption, Odor counteractants.
Several research projects have besn con-
ducted or are in progress to determine the
effectiveness of the various odor control
products for manure storage areas. Some of
the researchers are: Ron Miner of Oregon
State and Clyde Barth of Clemson University,
who divided the products into masking
agents, odor counteractants, odor absorption,
and enzymatic products and found that some
were helpful; Don Day, University of Illinois,
whose category breakdown Includes: disinfec-
tants, deodorant, digestive, enzymatic, chem-
ical oxidant, and masking agent and whose
work is still in progress; and John Nye,
Purdue, who found that none of tha products
substantially changed things. A complete
rundown of about 216 products on the markat
is impossible. The following random samp-
lings show part of the range of choices.
Calrox, Carus Chemical Co., is a chemical
oxidant. Tec II, Agra-Labs, is a deodorizer
that uses orthodichlorbenzene for inhibiting
bacterial growth. Sludge Away, A G~.
Chemicals, Is a liqulfisr that breaks down
cellulose by enzymatic activity. Subdu, BZD
Livestock Products, uses a bacterial culture to
speed up biological processes. Sanzyme,
Enzyme Industries, is both a deodorant and
digestive. Envald, Western Anti-Pollution
Products, is a natural surfactant and diges-
tive. MFC (Multi-Purpose Chemical) is an
orthodichlorobenzene product. The author
cautions producers to try any odor control
product before paying for It. (Bates East
Central)
4837-S2, B3, C2, E2
FERTILKEI VALUE OF TURKEY
-------
University of Arkansas
L. H. Hileman
Confinement, V. 3, No. 2, p. 10, Feb., 1978. 1
tab.
Keywords: Turkey manure, Solid wastes,
Liquid wastes, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Fertilizers,
Application rates.
Samples of both solid and liquid turkey
manure were collected by county extension
agents and turkey growers and sent to the
University of Arkansas Soil Testing and
Research Laboratory for chemical analysis.
The samples were dried and the moisture
content was determined. Nitrogen, phos-
phorus and potassium contents were deter-
mined. At 13.4 percent moisture content, a
ton of solid turkey manure, plus litter was
found to contain 2.39 percent N, 5.84 percent
P, and 3.31 percent K. With the moisture
content at 77.8 percent, a ton of turkey
manure slurry was found to contain 0.38
percent N, 1.68 percent P, and 0.72 percent K.
The values reported here are averages of
approximately 100 samples. These data
Indicate that turkey manure \s a valuable
source of phosphorus, potassium, and nitro-
gen, and that such manure can and should be
used in a sound soil fertility and crop
production program. It is suggested that
under most conditions solid turkey manure
could be applied at a rate of 2 tons/acre and
liquid turkey manure at a rate of 4-5 tons (1000
gal)/acre. (Bates - East Central)
4838-A8, B3, B5, C2, E2
FEEDLOT MANURE, SUPER-
PHOSPHATE FERTILIZING
STUDIED
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 49, No. 51, p. 4, Dec. 12, 1977.
Keywords: Land application, Fertilizers,
Phosphates, Alfalfa, Crop response.
Feedlot manure at $5/ton or less and applied
once every three years Is better than super-
phosphate as a source of phosphate for
irrigated alfalfa in the Southern Great Plains,
according to Dr. Don Goss, U.S.D.A. soil
scientist. Research at the Les Darsey farm
near Allanreed, Texas showed that adequate
phosphorus fertilization was essential for high
alfalfa yield. Manure with 1.6 percent
phosphate was applied at 10 and 20 tons/acre.
This amounted to 320 and 640 Ib. of phos-
phate/acre. This was compared to 1600 and
3200 Ibs/acre of 20 percent superphosphate
which contained the same amount of phos-
phate as the manure. In the next two years,
unfertilized areas yielded 5 tons of hay/acre.
Phosphate from either manure or commercial
fertilizer boosted the yield to 10 tons/acre.
(Bates - East Central)
4839-All, B3, C2, E3
MISSISSIPPI APPROVES SALE
OF POULTRY WASTE FEED
Anonymous
Animal Nutrition and Health, V. 33, No. 1, p.
9, Jan.-Feb., 1976. (Abstract only)
Keywords: Dried poultry wastes, Refeedlng,
Cattle, Mississippi, Protein supplements,
Performance
The Mississippi Department of Agriculture
has set standards and approved the sale of
dried cage layer waste (DPW) as a feedstuff
for beef cattle In the state. Mississippi
Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
scientists H. W. Esslg, F. T. Withers and L. J.
Smlthson conducted a study to measure
animal performance and protein consumption
of heifers fed either DPW or cottonseed meal
as protein supplements. One group of heifers
received CSM: salt (2:1) as the protein
supplement; another group received a 20
percent crude protein range cube, with 59
percent in the cube supplied by DPW. Heifers
given the DPW range cube gained more than
those fed CSM:salt and consumed slightly less
silage equivalent. (Animal Nutrition &
Health) (Abstract only)
4840-B2, B4, C2, E2
FEEDLOT SELLS MANURE
R. Watkins
Beef, V. 14, No. 7, p. A8-A9, March, 1978. 2
fig.
Keywords: Waste management, Feedlots,
Cattle, Liquid wastes, Flushing, Holding
lagoons, Irrigation, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Land application, Costs.
Farmers Cooperative Feedlot in northwest
Iowa is selling manure. The confinement
cattle feedlot finishes 25,000 cattle a year in
buildings with flush-flume floors. The manure
is flushed to a holding lagoon and from there,
in the spring and fall, Is pumped onto nearby
farmers' fields, up to two miles away, using a
traveling gun irrigation system. The going
rate is about $21 /acre for laying on 1 Vz Inches
of lagoon liquid. Several area farmers use the
system and they feel that It's a good deal. The
liquid supplies from 250 to 300 Ibs of N/acre,
90-160 Ibs P/acre, and 100-120 Ibs of K/acre.
Also the farmers get the benefit of the excess
moisture for their crops. Feedlot manager
Evan Vermeer feels that manure handling
systems like this are a trend of the future.
(Bates - East Central)
4841-A7, All, Bl
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA
AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH
University of Illinois
S. E. Curtis, J. G. Drummond, and J. Simon
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 10, p. 32, March 6
1978. 3 tab.
Keywords: Air pollution, Confinement pens,
Swine, Ammonia, Hydrogen suiflde, Bacteria,
Dusts, Performance, Animal health.
A series of studies were conducted at the
University of Illinois on the health effects of
air pollution on swine In confinement-type
housing. Swine-house air pollutants of major
concern Include dust and gases (ammonia and
hydrogen suiflde) and bacterial contamina-
tion. The initial experiments consisted of
seven trials using dynamic-type air-pollutant
exposure chambers and focused on determin-
ing the effects of aerial ammonia, hydrogen
suiflde and swine-house dust—separately or in
various comblnatlons-on the health and per-
formance of growing pigs. From the results of
the trials, it was concluded that these air
pollutants, at levels and In combinations
resembling those In closed swine houses, had
essentially no effects on the pig's rate of
body-weight gain or respiratory-tract disease
In the pig. Further studies Involved the use of
tracer bacteria (a non-pathogenic strain of E.
coll) to measure pulmonary bacterial clear-
ance In young pigs. It was found, after
exposing the pigs to a fine mist of tracer
bacteria, that atmospheric ammonia at con-
centrations of 50 or 75 ppm lowered the young
pig's ability to clear Its lungs of the bacteria. It
was also found that an atmospheric ammonia
concentration of 100 ppm exacerbates the
effects of the early stages of ascarld Infection.
(Bates - East Central)
4842-A11, B3, C2, E3
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF EN-
SILED CATTLE WASTE FOR
LAMBS AND GROWING-FINISH-
ING CATTLE
The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802
H. W. Harpster, T. A. Long, and L. L. Wilson
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 1, p.
238-248, Jan., 1978. 7 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords: Ensiled cattle wastes, Refeedlng,
Sheep, Steers, Rations, Performance.
Rations containing ensiled cattle waste (ECW)
were compared to corn silage (CS) rations In
sheep metabolism and steer growth trials.
ECW contained approximately 60 percent
cattle excreta and 40 percent chopped hay on a
fresh weight basis. Metabolism trial rations
(four wethers/treatment were a CS, xhlgh
moisture corn (HMC), soybean meal (SBM)
control; 100 percent CS; CS plus SBM (CS/
SBM); and ECW plus 0, 40, or 50 percent
HMC. Nitrogen retention and digestibility of
dry matter, organic matter, ether extract,
NFE and energy were lower (P< .05) for 100
percent ECW. Addition of HMC to ECW
Increased (P «"£, .05) means for these
parameters, although the values were gener-
ally less than those observed for the control
and CS/SBM rations. Four rations were
compared In a three-phase, 183-day growing-
finishing trial with steers (avg st 258 kg).
Treatments were a CS, HMC, SBM control; 75
percent ECW, 25 percent HMC; 50 percent
ECW, 50 percent HMC; and 40 percent ECW,
60 percent HMC. All rations were readily
consumed during all periods. Overall feed
efficiency favored the control-fed steers.
Average dally gains were highest (P< .05) for
steers fed the control diet, but were not
different from those receiving 40 percent
ECW, 60 percent HMC. Gains and quality
grade were less (P< .05) for steers receiving
the high level of ECW. (Harpster-The
Pennsylvania State University)
4843-B2, C2, C3, D3, E3
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
OF POULTRY MANURE
School of Mechanical Engineering, Cranfleld
Institute of Technology, Cranfleld, Bedford
MK43 OAL, England
A. E. Adderley, I. E. Smith and S. D. Probert
Applied Energy, V. 2, No. 3, p. 163-173, 1976.
6 fig., 6 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Poultry ma-
nure, Volatile acids, Methane bacteria, Acid-
ification, Methane production.
154
-------
Although both In nature and In conventional
anaerobic decomposition process plants, acid-
ification and gas production occur simultan-
eously, the rates of methane production and
waste stabilisation can be enhanced by
arranging that the process occurs In two
stages. Initially, the waste Is fermented at in
optimal temperature of 25° C and a 2.5
percent, by weight, total solids dilution of
organic acids, and Is subsequently transferred
to a tank and held at optimal conditions for the
methane producing bacteria. (Adderley-Cran-
fleld Institute of Technology)
4844-B3, C2, E3, Fl
UTILIZATION OF COW-MA-
NURE, HATCHERY-WASTE AND
PARTLY DRIED MOLASSES IN
POULTRY FEEDS
Haryana Agricultural University, Hlssar,
Haryana, India
K. S. Chlllar, V. Sagar, and I. S. Yadava
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, V. 42, No.
7, p. 520-525, 1972. 4 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Poultry, Sun-dried
cow-manure, Molasses, Diets, Performance,
Economics.
In a growth study from the age of 5 to 12
weeks, 120 Rhode Island Red chicks were
randomly divided Into 8 groups and fed
different diets with 20 percent protein, to
compare the effect of certain Industrial and
farm by-products. The treatments were:
control; 5, 10 and 15 percent levels of
sun-dried cow-manure; 5 percent level of
hatchery-waste; and one-quarter, half and
three-quarters dried levels of 15 percent
molasses. Weekly body weights and feed
consumptions were recorded. Sun-dried cow
manure up to 10 percent satisfactorily
replaced a part of the maize grain with
considerable saving In feed cost. The sun-
dried hatchery-waste at 5 percent level
replaced groundnut cake. Feeding of 15
percent sun-dried cow-manure and all the 3
mashes containing 15 percent molasses dried
to 3 levels were not able to replace maize grain
satisfactorily. (Chlllar-Haryana Agricultural
University)
4845-AW, Bl
LEAVE PAD OF MANURE FOR
NATURAL PREDATORS
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 431, p. 27, Jan.,
1978.
Keywords: Fly control, Predators, Manure
pad, Poultry wastes, Manure clean-out.
If a manure clean-out machine will not leave a
12- to 15-Inch high pad of manure under
poultry cages at cleanout time, simply clean
out every-other row, tossing the manure of the
uncleaned row over for the pad of the cleaned
row. Thus the habitat of the existing natural
predators such as ants, mites, beetles, and
parasites can be preserved. The natural
enemy complex otherwise may take six
months up to years to re-establish on a ranch
where all manure Is removed. Preservation of
predators during the winter helps against the
spring build-up of Fannla populations.
(Merryman-East Central)
4846-B2, E3
FLUSH SYSTEM CLEANS SWINE
PENS
V. Miller
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 2, p. 38 Feb
1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Confinement pens,
Flushing, Design, Lagoons, Recycling.
The Heaemann brothers of Owensvllle,
Missouri operate a farrow-to-flnlsh operation
In which they utilize a bucket to dump water
automatically about once an hour when the
weight of the flushing water trips the bucket.
Two unique features about their system are:
(1) The only moving part Is the bucket as It
swings on its pivot points. (2) The bucket Is
free swinging, so It doesn't bang against the
floor or gutter as It dumps. Except for bearing
lubrication about once a year, the system
requires no maintenance. All wastes are
flushed to a lagoon. Water from the lagoon Is
recycled for flushing. The Hesemanns greatly
praise this effortless system. (Merryman
East Central)
4847-A11, E3, Fl
YOU MAY FIND PROFITS IN
WASTE FEEDS
D. Deterling
Progressive Farmer, V. 92, No. 12, p. 43, 46,
Dec., 1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Feeds, Food processing wastes,
Brewery wastes, Poultry litter, Beef wastes,
Refeedlng, Livestock, Performance, Econo-
mics.
Some livestock producers are reducing feed
costs by using unconventional feedstuffs such
as day-old bread, cookies, and rolls; corn and
potato chips; brewers' spent grain; cannery
wastes; mess hall garbage; poultry litter and
beef manure, cotton burs and grain stalks.
The factors to be considered In deciding to
utilize such feedstuffs are: (1) Source. What is
the availability of waste feeds: (2) Feed value.
What is the nutritional composition? What
supplementation will be required to provide a
balanced ration? (3) Costs. What are the
comparative costs of waste feeds and competi-
tive grains, roughages, or supplements on a
feed value basis? (4) Labor. Will feeding
wastes take more manpower or less? (5)
Facilities required. Will you need extra
storage or feeding equipment? Is additional
processing required? (6) Consistency of
supply. If supplies are not consistent, will you
have to buy or store other feed to maintain
operations? What impact will this have on
labor requirements? Will production be
disrupted because of frequent changes In
rations? (7) Livestock performance. Check
research data on animal performance you can
expect from specific waste feeds. Will feeding
waste products lengthen the feeding period?
How will these feeds affect milk or carcass
quality? Will they lower or raise costs of gain?
(8) Aesthetics. What about potential odor
problems? Files? (9) Safety. What are
potential problems with contaminants such as
excessive salt, chemical residues, packaging
materials, bone scraps? Does feeding wastes
violate state or local health or sanitation laws?
Does it have or require Food and Drug
Administration approval? (10) Economics.
Will feeding wastes result In greater net
returns? (Merryman - East Central)
4848-B2, C2, D2, E3, Fl
LIQUID COW MANURE GOES TO
MARKET
Kim Allen
The Furrow, V. 83, No. 1, p. 28, Jan., 1978. 1
fig.
Keywords: Dairy wates, Liquid wastes, Waste
treatment, Deodorizers, Recycling, Fertili-
zers, Costs.
Richard Brlggs of Woodbury, Tennessee has a
patented method of treating and deodorizing
manure in a convenient liquid form. Brlggs'
product contains a deodorizer that controls the
anaerobic bacteria in the manure, killing
odors and preventing gas buildup Inside the
bottles. Brlggs has franchise agreements with
dairymen throughout the country, granting
them the right to bottle and sell manure using
his brand name, "Nature's Own Deodorized
Liquid Cow Manure." The liquid manure Is
collected In slurry-holding pits and processed
at participating dairies. The slurry Is mixed
with the deodorizer, and packaged in plastic
bottles. The product sells well In garden shops
and nurseries. Dairymen wholesale the pro-
cessed product for $2.00 per gallon. It retails
for $3.00 per gallon. They buy franchise rights
from Brlggs for a basic price pi us a percentage
of sales. Brlggs has licensing agreements with
farmers for franchises covering all the United
States. He has even had Inquiries from
overseas buyers about bulk shipments.
(Merryman - East Central)
4849-B2, B3, C2, D3, E3, Fl
STATE-BASED PLANT TURNING
CATTLE MANURE INTO METH-
ANE GAS
Associated Press
The Ada Sunday News, p. 8A, April 2, 1978.
Keywords: Cattle wates, Recycling, CRAP,
Inc., Thermonetlcs Inc., Methane, Refeedlng,
Fertilizer, Anaerobic digestion, Economics.
CRAP, Inc (Calorific Recovery Anaerobic
Process) near Optima, Oklahoma is converting
cattle manure into methane gas. A pipeline is
scheduled to begin carrying the gas to
Chicago In the next few weeks, where it is
expected to furnish enough power to meet the
natural gas needs of 3,500 homes each year.
The plant is scheduled to turn 1 million
pounds of cattle manure Into 1.76 million
cubic feet of methane gas dally. Plans call for
the plant to sell 584 million cubic feet of
methane gas produced from manure to
People's Gas each year for $1.13 million. The
plant, whose parent firm is Thermonetlcs,
Inc., of Oklahoma City, Is also expected to
produce 75,000 tons of cattle feed annually
from the manure. Material left after the
production of methane gas and cattle feed will
be sold as liquid fertilizer. Though more
expensive than federally regulated Interstate
gas, CRAP's gas is competitive because It
offers a steady supply and because the price of
natural gas is expected to rise. CRAP has
tentative plans to build 3 manure gasification
plants In the Texas Panhandle, near Hereford
and Dumas. The company is also considering
building a plant in California. At least 100,000
head of cattle must be available before a
manure gasification plant Is economically
feasible. (Merryman-East Central)
155
-------
4850-32, C2, D3, E3
MANURE DIGESTER BEING
BUILT ON MINNESOTA FARM
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 49, No. 52, p. 6, Dec. 19, 1977.
Keywords: Anaerobic dlgestors, Recycling,
Poultry wastes, Methane, Fertilizers,
Minnesota, IMT Corporation.
A digestive system developed by IMT
Corporation, Chaska, Minnesota, Is being
Incorporated Into DuWayne Dezlel's Clear
Lake, Minnesota poultry farm for the purpose
of converting poultry manure into methane
gas and organic fertilizer. The system Is
designed to produce a minimum of 30,000
cubic feet of gas per day from about six tons of
poultry manure. Mr. Dezlel will use 24,000
cubic feet to generate electricity for the
digester operations, and storage is planned
for the other 6,000 cubic feet. (Merryman
East Central)
4851-A6, Bl, E2
MANAGE FEEDLOT WASTE TO
CONTROL ODORS
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V. 103, No. 3, p. 66, Feb.
11, 1978.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Feedlots, Odor
control, Drainage, Location, Manure pack,
Land spreading.
Feedlot odors can be controlled to a large
extent by location and management. Manure
should be kept as dry as possible. This Is
accomplished by controlling stocking rates,
maintaining good drainage and water facili-
ties, and keeping manure solids out of runoff
retention ponds. Only minimal quantities of
manure and waste water should be kept on
hand. Drainage rate Is another important
factor affecting feedlot odor. Good drainage
allows the feedlot to return to the aerobic state
quickly after rain. A feedlot with 3 percent to 4
percent slope has good drainage with mini-
mum erosion. For controlling odors, the ideal
program of manure collection is: (1) Collect
manure frequently - at least once per month.
(2) Collect only the aerobic surface manure
layer. (3) Leave an undisturbed manure pack
about 2 inches thick. The manure pack seals
the surface from percolation, provides a firm
base for cattle footing, and for subsequent
collection efforts, decreases water absorption,
and speeds surface drying. Odors can be
reduced when spreading manure on fields by:
(1) Not spreading manure near downwind
residences or heavily traveled highways, (2)
plowing manure under as soon as possible, (3)
applying manure uniformly at light to moder-
ate application rates, 10 to 30 tons per acre,
(4) spreading on days when predicted wind
speed exceeds about 5 mph, (5) spreading
manure when the morning air is warming and
rising rather than In the late afternoon.
(Merryman - East Cenlral)
4852-B2, C2, Dl, D3, E2, E3, Fl
MANURE MAKES THE ROUNDS
F Hilliker
Feed'ot Management, V 19, No. 13, p 40, 42,
Dec.. 1977 3 fig
Keywords: Feedlot wastes, Anaerobic
digesters, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro-
gen sulfide, Lagoons, Irrigation, Land dispos-
al, Costs.
Jim Allison of Custer, Michigan scrapes his
feedlot manure dally Into an underground
holding tank. The manure Is then pumped
automatically into an anaerobic digester. The
digester Is air tight and covered with a 30 mm.
plastic/cloth reinforced cover that balloons
out under pressure to about 10 ft. high. The
gas Is formed by chemical reactions Inside the
bubble. Anaerobic bacteria digest the ma-
nure, producing carbon dioxide, methane, and
a trace of hydrogen sulfide. Because this gas
is not very pure, a method of "scrubbing"
was devised to eliminate the carbon dioxide.
Because the gas is readily soluble in water,
it's bubbled through water and emerges as
almost pure methane, about 65 percent of the
original volume. The methane is then pumped
intoaSOO gallon underground tank where It is
pressurized to 150-200 psl. The methane Is
then pumped as needed through a regulator to
a six-cylinder engine which has been specially
modified to burn methane gas. The engine
powers a 30 kilowatt generator which provides
electricity for power and heating. After 3-4
weeks, the manure is pumped Into a holding
lagoon and later pumped through Irrigation
lines to cropland. Allison's Investment, In-
cluding equipment and maintenance costs,
runs about SVz^per kilowatt hour of electricity
generated. That's about the same price he
pays a power company now (Merryman - East
Central)
4853-A6, B2, D3
THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION UPON SWINE MA-
NURE ODORS
Department of Food Science, Cornell Univer-
sity, Ithaca, New York
F. W. Welsh, D. D. Schulte, E. J. Kroeker,
and H M. Lapp
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, V. 19,
No. 2, p. 122-126, Dec., 1977. 2 fig., 4 tab., 13
ref.
Keywords- Swine wastes, Odor, Anaerobic
digestion, Sampling, Solids retention time,
Agitation rates, Temperature.
A series of odor panels were established to
determine the effect of anaerobic digestion on
the odor of swine manure. Samples from
digesters of various solids retention time,
agitation rates and operating temperatures
were tested. Anaeroblcally digested manure
that had been stored for various periods of
time and undigested manure samples were
also tested. The results indicated that
anaerobic digestion was effective In reducing
odors but that some negative quality in the
odor remained. Anaerobic digestion at 35C
was more effective for reducing odor than
anaerobic digestion at 25C. In certain cases,
increased solids retention times and agitation
rates were found to Improve the odor-reducing
capability of anaerobic digestion. (Copyright
1977-Canadian Agricultural Engineering)
4854-B2, B3, B4, Fl
DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CON-
STRUCTION COSTS OF EIGHT
DIFFERENT MANURE STOR-
AGES
Engineering Research Service,
Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa,
K1A OC6, Canada a H
J. E. Turnbull, P. A. Phillips and F. Ru™re
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, v. IB,
No. 2, p. 65-70, Dec., 1977. 3 fig., 3tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Design, Costs, Waste storage,
Liquid wastes, Solid wastes.
Using the unit-quantity method, construction
costs were estimated for four liquid manure
and four semlsolld or solid manure storage
designs developed by the Canada Plan
Service. For comparison, costs ($/ft») were
plotted against storage volumes (ft) on log-log
paper, for two or three limiting sizes of each
design. Rectangular roofed storages were the
most expensive, ranging from 0.96 to 0.76
$/ft3. Earth-banked storages were least
expensive where suitable soil (clay) was
available on-slte or nearby. Of concrete liquid
manure tanks, the aboveground silo was least
expensive. The curbed storage slab for
stacked solid manure was also relatively
cheap, but suitable only for dry or bedded
manure. Surface/volume ratios were cal-
culated for the unroofed storages as an aid to
selecting storages most suitable for dry versus
humid climates. (Copyright 1977-Canadian
Agricultural Engineering)
4855-B2, D2, D3, E3
AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS
WASTES: UTILIZATION ROUTES
Engineering Research Service, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada
G. E. Timbers and C.G.E. Downing
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, V. 19,
No. 2, p. 84-87, Dec.,1977.6fig.,2tab.,7ref.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Recycling,
Anaerobic digestion, Pyrolysis, Hydrolysis,
Energy.
The amount of blomass produced by Canadian
agriculture is estimated at 118 X 10 tonnes.
Of this total, approximately 73 percent is
considered marketable in the form of grain,
animal products, fruit and vegetables. When
the unharvested biomass and waste products
are added together, an estimated additional
30 X 10 tonnes of material can be credited to
agricultural production. Animals, which are
the only means of harvesting much of the
biomass produced on our marginal lands,
provide not only a source of protein but also a
source of manure. The availability of this
manure combined with that of plant waste
must not be overlooked as a possible
renewable energy source. Anaerobic diges-
tion, pyrolysis and hydrolysis are methods for
utilizing the biomass system wastes. In
today's energy-conscious society, the possi-
bilities of converting these wastes into viable
energy forms demands immediate investiga-
tion. (Copyright 1977-Canadian Agricultural
Engineering)
4856-B2, B4, Cl, C2
RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AND
MANURE STORAGES IN SOUTH-
ERN ONTARIO
D. R. Coote and F. R. Hore
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, V. 19,
No. 2, p. 116-121, Dec., 1977. 6 tab.', 21 ref.'
156
-------
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Feedlots,
Waste storage, Ontario, Prediction equations,
Nutrients, Suspended solids.
Runoff from a paved and an unpaved feedlot,
and from paved storages containing solid and
semi-solid manure was measured, sampled
and analyzed for nutrients and solids over a
2-yr period. Data on total and seasonal runoff
volumes are presented, along with prediction
equations for Individual runoff events. A
prediction procedure is also presented for
water quality parameters. Statistically signifi-
cant differences were seen to exist between
the sites and between summer and winter
runoff for most water quality parameters.
Total solids, biochemical oxygen demand,
total Kjeldahl, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble ortho-
POi^phosphorus were all significantly related
to the suspended solids concentration. Runoff
volumes and water quality concentrations
have been combined to estimate nutrient
losses from each site on a per animal unit
basis. (Copyright 1977-Canadian Agricultural
Engineering)
4857-B3, C3
A COMPARISON OF DROP-
PLATE AND POUR-PLATE
METHODS FOR BACTERIAL
POPULATION COUNTS OF
POULTRY ANAPHAGE (DEHY-
DRATED CAGED LAYER EX-
CRETA)
Poultry Science Department, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
D. Richmond and T. S. Chang
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 1, p. 293-295,
Jan., 1978. 1 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Dried poultry wastes, Bacteria,
Drop-plate analysis, Pour-plate analysis.
Pour-plate and drop-plate methods for bacter-
ial population counting of poultry anaphage
(dehydrated caged layer excreta) were com-
pared and were not found to be significantly
different. (Copyright 1978-Poultry Science)
4858-B3, C2, C3, Dl, E3
HORMONAL ACTIVITY IN POUL-
TRY EXCRETA PROCESSED FOR
LIVESTOCK FEED
C. C. Calvert, L. W. Smith and T. R. Wrenn
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 1, p. 265-270,
i ULMU y vjvici loc, v . ^Ji , i
Jan., 1978. 6 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Hormones, Re-
feeding, Androgens, Estrogens, Waste treat-
ment, Dehydration, Aerobic conditions,
Anaerobic conditions, Temperature.
Experiments were conducted to determine the
kind and amount of endogenous hormonal
activity present in various sources of poultry
excreta processed for use as livestock feed.
These experiments were conducted to deter-
mine: (1) the presence of both androgenic and
estrogenic activity in poultry excreta; (2) the
amount of activity found; and (3) the effect of
processing methods, such as dehydration,
upon the level of hormonal activity. Experi-
ments in which chick comb growth was
bioassayed showed that caged laying hen
excreta processed by house fly larvae con-
tained androgenic activity that ranged from
2.18 to 9.36^jg. of testosterone equivalents
per gram of dried excreta. This activity was
not present In fresh excreta and was not
affected by drying times or temperatures up to
48 hr. at 10CTC. In rat uterine growth assays,
fresh, dried caged laying hen excreta con-
tained up to 1.6xjg of estradiol equivalents per
gram of dried excreta. Holding excreta for 5 to
7 days under either aerobic or anaerobic
conditions reduced estrogenic activity, but
drying temperatures up to 100*C. did not
appear to affect the level of these hormones in
excreta. (Copyright 1978-Poultry Science)
4859-B3, C2, D3, E3, Fl
ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS FOR A
320-ACRE IOWA FARM: AN
ATTEMPT TO INCREASE PRO-
DUCTION OF GRAIN AND MEAT
WHILE RENDERING THE FARM
ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT BY
GENERATING METHANE
THROUGH ANAEROBIC FER-
MENTATION OF RESIDUES
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
R. J. Smith, J. A. Miranowski, and R. L.
Vetter
Termination report to the Agricultural Re-
search Service of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Grant 12-14-1001-597, Sept.,
1976, 160 p. 96 ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Crop residues,
Refeeding, Recycling, Energy, Methane,
Anaerobic digestion, Economics, Computer
models.
Energy shortages, coupled with rising fossil-
fuel prices, have generated Increased Interest
in policies designed to conserve energy and
achieve a greater degree of energy self-suffi-
ciency. The agricultural sector Is responding
to the crisis by considering technologies such
as on-farm anaerobic digestion for methane
production and expanded use of organic
fertilization. Both technologies reduce de-
pendency on fossil-fuel supplies. Also, In-
creasing awareness of the Impact of feeding
livestock grain that might be used directly for
human sustenance has generated moral
concern among some livestock producers,New
livestock-production alternatives, such as
recycling livestock manures and crop resi-
dues, may Increase feed-grain efficiency and
release land for food-grain production. This
study was conducted by the three disciplines:
Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engin-
eering and Animal Science. Although each
discipline communicated regularly with the
others, the three reports can be read in
isolation. The common starting point was a
typical mixed-farming enterprise of 320 ac In
central Iowa, bul each discipline examined the
farm activities in light of their particular
expertise, consequently, some variations will
be noted among sections (e.g., sizes of
animal-production facilities). The economic
study developed linear-programming modals
that would allow specification of activity levels
'for either maximum profitability or minimum
energy use. Data for the economic model were
provided by Agricultural Engineering and
Animal Science when new technology was
involved. The Agricultural Engineering por-
tion of the study examines on-farm energy
use, anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes,
and the design of a low-cost digester for farm
use. The contribution from the Animal Science
Department Is concerned with the nutritional
aspects of incorporating livestock manure and
crop residues In a ruminant-feeding program.
Their contribution also discusses tne harvest-
ing of corn stover and its deterioration under
various methods of storage. (Smith-Iowa State
University)
4860-A3, A8, 35, C2, E2
EFFECTS OF SOIL, COVER
CROP, AND NUTRIENT SOURCE
ON MOVEMENT OF SOIL, WA-
TER, AND NITROGEN UNDER
SIMULATED RAIN-SLOPE CON-
DITIONS
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
44691
G. D. Hoyt, E. O. McLean, G. Y. Reddy, and
T. J. Logan
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 3,
p. 285-290, 1977. 2 fig., 7 tab., 22 ref.
Keywords: Soil-Water-Plant relationships,
Fertilizers, Rainfall-runoff relationships,
Slopes, Leaching, Soil permeability, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium.
Nitrogen, P, and K as manure, chemical
fertilizers^straw, or chemical fertilizers alone
were added to microplots of soils, which were
then either cropped to wheat (Triticum
aestivum) or left bare, and finally subjected to
simulated rainfall. The N, P, and K were each
applied at 224 kg/ha in the forms of: (I) N- and
P-enriched cow manure (7.35 metric tons/ha,
dry weight); (ii) urea, triple-superphosphate
(TSP), and KC1 > straw at the same weight of
dry matter as the manure; and (III) fertilizers
alone. A 5-day rainfall sequence was Imposed
with varying intensities, durations, and soil
slopes. The movement of N generally in-
creased as the quantities of solids, runoff, and
leachate increased. Where discrepancies
occurred, they could usually be explained by
differences in structure, crusting of the soils,
or clogging of their pores by manures, or by
effects of straw on soil permeability io water
or on Increased microblal activity. In general,
almost all the mineral N moving In the
leachate, and about half of that moving in
runoff, was in NO^'form. (Hoyt-Ohio State
University)
4861-A11, Bl, E2
THE BEST OF FOUR BAINS
Staff editor, Feedfot Management
G. Lamp
Feediot Management, V. 19, No. 13, p 4-6, 8,
Dec , 1977. 4 fig.
Keywords: Confinement pens, Design, Cattle,
Performance, Land disposal.
John DeKock has built four different semi-
confinement barns on hi3 feedlot, all slightly
different and all slightly better than the last.
Adverse weather conditions prohibited effi-
ciently raising cattle on open feedlots. The
fourth barn, and what John feels Is the best,
was completed In 1977 with a total feeding
capacity (or 550 head. Design features of each
barn are discussed. According to DeKock the
biggest advantages to the semi-confinement
facilities are: (1) Increased feed efficiency, (2)
increased dressing percentage (up to about 1
157
-------
percent), (3) Increased average dally gain
(now about 2.7 Ib./head/day) (4) Increased
crop production from use of manure as a
fertilizer, (5) easier to keep cattle on feed.
(Rowe - East Central)
4862-A8, B3, Cl, C2, E2
LAND DISPOSAL OF BROILER
LITTER: CHANGES IN CONCEN-
TRATION OF CHLORIDE, NI-
TRATE NITROGEN, TOTAL NI-
TROGEN, AND ORGANIC MAT-
TER IN A CECIL SANDY LOAM
Southern Piedmont Conservation Research
Center, Watkinsvllle, Georgia 30677
W. A. Jackson, S. R. Wilkinson, and R. A.
Leonard
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 1,
p. 58-62, 1977. 4 fig., 3 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Broiler litter, Land disposal, Soil
nutrient translocatlon, Chloride, Nitrates,
Total nitrogen, Organic matter, Application
rates.
Broiler litter at rates of 0, 22.4, 44.8, 89.6, and
134.4 metric tons/ha, was surface applied
semiannually for 2 years to established plots
of Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundin-
acae Schreb) g/own on a Cecil soil. After 2
years almost all the added C1 had moved
below 107 cm, although there was increased
C1 concentration at the lower soil depths.
Nitrate nitrogen In the soil profile increased
significantly between rates, but not between
vears. There was no significant change in total
N in the soil alter correction for NO3 -N.
Organic matter decreased significantly be-
tween check and application rates, but not
within rates or between years. Rates of 22.4
metric tons/ha applied semiannually were
considered excessive from the standpoint of
potential losses of a valuable N resource for
crop production. (Jackson-Southern Piedmont
Conservation Research Center)
4863-A8, B3, E2
REDUCTION OF CRUST IMPED-
ANCE TO SIMULATED SEED-
LING EMERGENCE BY THE AD-
DITION OF MANURE
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Col-
lege Station, Texas 77843
K. G. Chaudhri, K. W. Brown, and C. B.
Holder
Soil Science, V. 122, No. 4, p. 216-222, Oct.,
1976. 1 lab.. 7 fig., 19 ref.
Keywords: Manure, Land application, Soil
physical properties, Crusting, Seedling emer-
gence.
The influence of manure additions to the
seedbed of two soils noted for their emer-
gence-retarding crusts was Investigated. The
Lufkin soil is typical of crusting fine sandy
loam soils containing low amounts of organic
matter often found in humid temperature
regions. Hoban is typical of crusting soils
containing large amounts of silt and some
sodium. Such soils are most often found in
semiarid regions of the world. Crusts formed
on the two untreated soils were quite
different. When soil was set, the application
of manure over the entire surface of the
Hoban soil resulted In a somewhat lower
impedance, but when the surface dried, the
crust was stronger than that formed on the
untreated soil. On both soils, the band
applications were successful In reducing the
strength of the crust. In the Hoban soli, the
addition of soil-manure mixtures in bands was
less effective per Increment of manure for
mixtures greater than 50 percent. In the
Lufkin soil, the maximum Impedance de-
creased linearly as the fraction of manure
added in the bands Increased. In all cases the
impedance Increased as the moisture content
decreased to the range of 2-4 percent. It was
suggested that the relationship between crust
impedance and moisture content is indepen-
dent of the rate of drying for untreated soils.
One factor that may Inhibit emergence, Is the
presence of a rainfall-induced crust. Results
indicate that, in bands directly above the
rows, the application of small quantities of
organic waste, induce the formation of cracks
which result in a large reduction of the force
required for a seedling to emerge. (Rowe -
East Central)
4864-A2, B2, 34, C2, E2
FEEDLOT RUNOFF HOLDING
PONDS -- NUTRIENT LEVELS
AND RELATED MANAGEMENT
ASPECTS
Agricultural Engineering Department, 245
Agricultural Engineering Building, University
of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801
E. C. Dickey and D. H. Vanderholm
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 3,
p. 307-312, July-Sept., 1977. 8 fig., 2 tab., 11
ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Feedlots, Agri-
cultural runoff, Holding ponds, Nutrient
losses, Waste storage, Land disposal, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Potassium.
Collection, storage and ultimate land disposal
of livestock feedlot runoff Is becoming a more
common practice as a result of Increasing
state and federal regulations prohibiting
uncontrolled discharge of runoff. As a result
of chemical, physical, and biological actions
during the storage phase, the runoff applied
to land from storage Is often greatly different
from that entering storage directly from the
feedlot. This study was designed to observe
those changes In the runoff during storage,
and to evaluate their effect on land disposal
practices. Six concrete paved feedlots with
runoff control systems were studied, with
emphasis on variations In nitrogen, phosphor-
us, and potassium in holding ponds used for
storing runoff. Seasonal variations in nutrient
content of the holding ponds result from
precipitation patterns, nutrient losses, and
other factors. Early spring dewatering of the
holding ponds, followed by frequent summer
dewatering if possible, will result In the best
conservation of nutrients. Large differences in
nutrient content of holding ponds were
observed for different species of livestock,
with stored swine feedlot runoff containing
nearly eight times as much nitrogen as stored
beef feedlot runoff. (Dickey-University of
Illinois)
4865-B2, B3, C2, E2, E3
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND
FERTILIZER VALUE OF TURKEY
MANURE
L. H. Hlleman
Arkansas Farm Research, V. 26, No. 6, p. 9,
Nov-Dec., 1977. 2 tab.
Keywords: Turkey wastes, Nutrients, Fertili-
zers, Liquid wastes, Solid wastes, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Application rates.
There was a potential production of 811,046
tons of turkey manure In Arkansas In 1976.
Samples of both solid and liquid turkey
manure were collected and sent to the
University of Arkansas Soli Testing and
Research Laboratory for analysis. Phosphorus
was the predominate fertilizer constituent
found in the turkey manure. The potassium
level was lower than the phosphorus level but
it still was high enough to supply adequate
potassium under most conditions. Turkey
manure was found to be relatively low In
nitrogen. This study Indicated that turkey
manure can and should be used In a sound soil
fertility, and crop production program be-
cause it Is a valuable source of phosphorus,
potassium, and nitrogen. Under most condi-
tions, solid turkey manure could be applied at
the rate of 2 tons per acre and liquid turkey
manure at the rate of 4 to 5 tons (1,000
gallons) per acre. (Rowe - East Central)
4866-A7, All, C2, C3
ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA
AFFECTS SWINE HEALTH
S. E. Curtis, J. G. Drummond, and J. Simon
Illinois Research, V. 19, No. 4, p. 8-9, Fall,
1977. 2 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Air pollution, Closed swine
houses, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulflde, Swine-
house dust, Performance, Bacteria, Ascarlds.
An experiment was conducted at the Univer-
sity of Illinois to determine the effects of aerial
ammonia, hydrogen sulflde, and swine-house
dust (separately and various combinations) on
health and performance of growing pigs.
Study results showed that these air pollutants,
at levels and in combinations resembling
those in closed swine houses, had essentially
no direct effect on the pigs' rate of
body-weight gain or on respiratory-tract
structure. The possibility that air pollutants
influence respiratory-tract disease In the pig
was not precluded, however. A technique was
developed for measuring pulmonary bacterial
clearance in young pigs. A tracer bacteria was
introduced into the atmosphere as a fine mist.
Thus the pigs' lungs were loaded with
bacteria. After 2 or 3 hours in a chamber of
filtered air, the number of live bacteria
remaining In the lungs were measured to
determine any influence of the air pollutant on
clearance of bacteria from the lungs. It was
concluded that air pollutants might predispose
the pig to infections of the respiratory tract. A
system was also developed to study the effects
of the air environment on the tract. A system
was also developed to study the effects of the
air environment on the onset and course of
pneumonia in the young pig. Several ascarid-
ammonia trials were conducted with young
pigs weighing 15 pounds at the start. Those
pigs inoculated with 50,000 embryonated
ascarid ova gained one-fourth less body
weight than the control animals. In the pigs
inoculated with ova and exposed to ammonia,
the weight gain was reduced by about
one-third. Thus, effects of the ascarids and air
pollutant were additive. It was found that the
threshold concentration for a detectable
effect of aerial ammonia on a healthy pig's
ability to gain weight lies somewhere between
75 and 100 ppm. Therefore, a pig's response
to increasing concentrations of aerial am-
monia is not linear. (Rowe - East Central)
158
-------
4867-B2, Cl, C2, D3
THREE YEARS OF EVALUATING
A MIDWEST ANAEROBIC DAIRY
LAGOON
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Columbia, Missouri
J. R. Fischer, C. D. Fulhage, J. H. Porter, and
N. F. Meador
Paper No. 77-4571, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 26 p. 16
fig., 5 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Anaerobic treat-
ment, Lagoons, Design, Performance, Samp-
ling, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Temperature, Loading rates.
The performance of an anaerobic lagoon was
monitored to gain an Insight Into the
suitability of current design recommenda-
tions, and to establish certain parameters
which are characteristic of properly operating
lagoons. The anaerobic lagoon monitored in
this study was at the University of Missouri
(Columbia) Foremost Dairy Farm. The lagoon
received animal wastes from the milking
parlor, holding pen, and feeding loafing
areas. Two sampling locations at eight depths
were established In the lagoon and liquid
samples were collected on a nominal once/
month basis. These samples were analyzed for
total solids, volatile solids, total Kjeldahl
nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, pH, electrical
conductivity, and alkalinity. Temperature data
was recorded during 3 two-hour Intervals/
day. The conclusion reached from results of
the analyses are: (1) The calculated volatile
solids reduction in the lagoon was 80 percent.
(2) A relationship between the temperature of
the lagoon and lagoon degree days was
calculated. (3) A relationship between lagoon
loading rate to lagoon degree days and
mesophyllic digester loading rates was devel-
oped. (4) NhvN accounted for 50-80 percent of
the total Kje'dahl nitrogen in the lagoon. (5)
Conductivity values of 2800 mhoc/cm were
observed In the latter sampling periods In the
lagoon. (Bates - East Central)
4868-B2, C2
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE IN
PIG SLURRY MEASURED FROM
3aTO^DISTRIBUTION RATES
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren, The Nether-
lands
R. G. Gerrltse and I. Zugec
Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 88, Part 1,
p. 101-109, 1977. 3 fig., 8 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Phosphor-
us, Feeds, Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic
conditions, Feeds.
The rate of isotopic distribution of labelled
phosphorus, added as Hj"POv between
inorganic and organic phosphates and phos-
phates contained in micro-organisms was
measured in pig slurry. Incorporation of P in
all these phosphates occurred quickly In both
aerated and non-aerated pig slurry. On the
basis of a simplified model, turn-over times
for phosphorus were calculated to be of the
order of 10-20 weeks for both non-aerated and
aerated pig slurry. Pig slurry contains 1-2
percent P (of dry matter) of which 10-30
percent is in organic molecules and 2-3
percent is in micro-organisms. About 10-20
percent of the orgahnic phosphates Is in
soluton, amounting to 10-20 mg P/1. The
concentration of Inorganic P In solution Is of
the order of 10-100 mg/1 though, at low Ca/P
ratios in the feed, can be as high as 1000
mg/1. Organic phosphates In solution In pig
slurry are of high molecular weight and
probably consist of DMA complexes with poly-
phosphates, Ca and (If used In the feed) Cu. It
is concluded that all organic phosphates In pig
slurry are of mlcroblal origin and that the feed
composition has little Influence on the organic
phosphate content of the slurry. Arguments
for application of the results to pig slurry In
general and to wastes from other animals are
given. (Gerrltse-lnstitute for Soil Fertility)
4869-B2, E2
UNIFORM SLURRY SPREADING
WITH A CENTER PIVOT IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEM
Valmont Industries, Inc., Valley, Nebraska
J. A. Chapman and R. G. Myers
Paper No. 76-2515, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 14-17, 1976. 4 fig., 1
ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Land spreading, Irriga-
tion,. Design.
This paper describes a design for the handling
of irrigation water and slurry (manure)
distribution. The design Is patented and was
recently Introduced to the agricultural market.
The pumping and spreading of slurries of
relatively low solid (3 - 7 percent) has been
effectively achieved with automated center
pivot equipment. (Chapman - Valmont Indus-
tries, Inc.)
4870-A4, A5, A8, All, B3, C2, E2,
F4
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TO
CROPLAND: APPRAISAL OF PO-
TENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE
HEAVY METALS TO PLANTS
AND ANIMALS
Council for Agricultural Science and Tech-
nology
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-430/9-76-013, Nov., 1976, 63 p. 26 tab.,
87 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Sewage sludge,
Crop response, Toxiclty, Heavy metals,
Animal health, Water pollution, pH control,
Application rates, Application sites.
This report examines the present state of
knowledge regarding the potential effects on
agricultural crops and animals by heavy
metals in sewage sludges applied to cropland,
as well as some consideration of possible
groundwater and surface water contamina-
tion. Other potential effects associated with
land application of sewage sludge are not
addressed in detail The potential effects of
metals in sewage sludges applied to cropland
are discussed within a national perspective
based upon the volume of sludge being
produced (present and projected), the con-
centrations of heavy metals in sludges, the
total acreage of cropland potentially affected
and resulting Impacts on the crops grown. The
problem is also addressed In terms of Its
localized variability, emphasizing the differ-
ences in observed effects as dependent upon
the characteristics of the sludge applied, the
application site characteristics, the method,
rate and duration of application and other
agricultural management practices (such as
pH control), the particular metal of concern,
and the crops and animals Involved. Various
approaches that could be used singly or in
combination to reduce the potential impacts
are discussed. As a current state-of-the-art
report, recent research results are summar-
ized and the many gaps in data and
understanding are Identified. Where possible,
the importance of missing data is indicated.
The report addresses some of the problems
associated with monitoring metals concentra-
tions In sludge, soil and plant tissues as well
as with determining toxlcity under widely
varying circumstances. The report concludes
that the overall Impact of sewage sludge use
on agricultural practices is very small. Even if
all the sewage sludge currently produced were
applied to cropland, the actual acreage
affected would still be very small and would
continue to be so even with the anticipated
increase in sludge production after full
implementation of P.L. 92-500. Nevertheless,
in certain localities the percentage of cropland
affected could be quite significant. The report
further concludes that many metals are
probably not a significant potential hazard,
either because they are generally present in
low concentrations, are not readily taken up
by plants under normal conditions, or are not
very toxic to plants and/or animals. Two
unanswered questions are identified as crucial
in determining the potential hazards of
applying sewage sludges to croplands. First,
and possibly most important to determining
hazards to humans, what percentage of an
individual's diet is composed of foods affected
by heavy metals from sewage sludge? Second,
for determining the relationship between
plant uptake and transfer to farm animals as
well as the humans (about which relatively
little is known) what are the cumulative effects
of repeated applications of metals in sewage
sludges over time? The committee-prepared
report indicates that most heavy metals are
susceptible to control through choice of
appropriate application sites, limiting the
sludge application rate to that required to
meet crop nutrient demands, and applying the
sludge to well-aerated soils with pH controlled
by sound management practices. Several
metals (particularly Cd, Zn, Mo, Ni, Cu) are
labeled as posing a potential serious hazard
under certain circumstances, however, with
cadmium presently being the metal of most
concern. (Bastian-EPA)
4871-A9, AW, 31, Dl, D2
KEEPING FLIES OUT OF THE
HEN HOUSE
Rhodia Inc., Hess & Clark Division
D. C. Moore
Animal Nutrition and Health, V. 33, No. 1, p.
12, Jan./Feb., 1978. 2 fig.
Keywords: Fly control, Poultry houses, Ma-
nure removal, Moisture content, Ventilation,
Residual insecticides, Costs.
Manure management Is a key point in
controlling fly populations in laying houses.
Programmed (1-5 day interval) removal of all
manure from open manure pits in the houses
usually eliminates fly development. Thin
spreading of manure permits rapid drying and
exposure of pupae and mature larvae. Fly
development decreases as the moisture
content of manure decreases with develop-
ment ceasing in 28-30 percent moisture
manure. Moisture levels in manure or litter
can often be controlled bv adjustment of
159
-------
ventilation systems When low moisture levels
cannot be achieved, use of a residual
insecticide may be necessary. A table is
provided which gives an example of fly control
costs based on the Hess & Clark products
Residual fly Spray and Pyrenone Poultry
House & Livestock Spray. (Bates East
Central)
4872-B2, E2, Fl
METHOD FOR INEXPENSIVE
DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID
WASTE FROM DAIRY AND
FEEDLOT
Department of Agricultural Industries, South-
ern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
J J. Paterson, J. H. Jones, F. J. Olsen, and
G C. McCoy
Paper No. 77-4582, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 11 p. 2
fig., 2 tab , 4 ref
Keywords. Liquid wastes, Dairy industry,
Feedlots, Illinois, Vegetative-soil filter
systems, Settling basins, Holding tanks,
Agricultural runoff, Slopes, Design, Econo-
mics.
This is a report of one part of a statewide
study of different types of vegetative-soil filter
systems which have been In operation in
various parts of Illinois over the past four
years. The Southern Illinois University-
Carbondale project was concerned with utili-
zation of liquid wastes from a 70-cow dairy
herd on the University Farms. Basic pro|ect
objectives were (1) determine the pollution
potential of liquid wastes from milkhouse and
feedlot for a small dairy operation, (2} assess
the value of the vegetative-soil filter method
in reducing pollution from such an operation,
and (3) formulate design criteria and operat-
ing procedures for a vegetative-soil filter
system for the soils and climate of Southern
I llmois. The system developed at the Southern
Illinois University had a collection and
distribution system consisting of three parts:
(1} a settling basin to receive feedlot runoff,
both liquid and solid during rain, (2) a holding
tank, to receive daily washwater from the
milkhouse and the liquid portion of feedlot
runoff, and (3) a vegetative soil filter
utilization area with a distribution system
The distribution system was of a gravity-sheet
(low type using a 4 inch perforated 1200 Ib test
PVC pipe (later replaced by 1500 Ib. test PVC
pipe for more strength) to carry the effluent
over an area of good tall fescue sod with a
uniform slope of about 3 percent which was
within a reasonable pumping distance from
the feedlot and dairy but at a slightly higher
level This system was found to be less
expensive than lagoon and sprinkler equip-
ment for both operation and equipment.
However, frequent (bi-weekly) Inspection and
maintenance is necessary for satisfactory
performance. (Bates - East Central)
4873-A6, Bl
LIVESTOCK WASTE ODOR CON-
TROL
Agricultural Engineering Department, Ore-
gon State University
J. R. Miner
WRAES Quarterly, V 1, No 4, p. 7-8, Nov.,
1976
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Odor control,
Location, Odor measurement, Moisture re-
duction.
In order to operate compatibly within the
community and to provide maximum self
protection from odor complaints, the livestock
producer must be aware of some basics
concerning odor control and be prepared to
practice those techniques appropriate to his
location. While odors arise primarily from
manure decomposition, other sources of odor
include food processing wastes fed to animals
and dead animals. Odors may be measured by
such a device as a scentometer. Frequently,
by consulting published data on wind direc-
tion, velocity, and relative humidity, it is
possible to calculate an estimated odor
distribution or frequency. This calculation is
helpful in assessing the severity of an odor
problem. One of the most commonly used
odor control techniques is moisture reduction.
By maintaining a manure - covered surface in
a dry condition (less than 40 percent
moisture), anaerobic biological decomposition
is generally halted. (Merryman - East Central)
4874-B3, Cl, C2, D3, E3
CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL
CONSTITUENT OF SOME OR-
GANIC WASTE MATERIALS
UNDER ANAEROBIC METHANE
FERMENTATION
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi, India
C. R. Prasad, K. C. Gulati, and M. A. Idnani
Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 40,
No 10, p. 921-924, Oct., 1970. 2 tab , 12 ref.
Keywords Anaerobic digestion, Fermenta-
tion, Organic wastes, Cattle wastes, Chemical
degradation, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pento-
sans, Lignins, Methoxyl.
Barker (1943, 1956), Kluyver and Schnellen
(1947) and Buswell (1956) studied the decom-
position of organic compounds like sugars,
cellulose, proteins, glycerol, aliphatic and
aromatic organic acids by different species of
methane-forming organisms. Fowler and
Josh i (1923), Norman (1929), Acharya (1935)
and Nelson et al. (1940) investigated the
decomposition of plant materials by methane
bacteria and othor organisms. The previous
studies were mostly devoted to the under-
standing of the mechanism of fermentation
and the verification of the quality of biogas
produced by the use of different substrates,
but the studies on the breakdown of various
biochemical constituents of organic materials
are meagre. Therefore studies were made on
the changes in the percentage composition of
cellulose, hemicellulose, pentosans, lignms
and methoxyl contents in various organic
waste materials of plant origin along with
cowdung, by the action of mixed species of
methane-forming organisms. (Prasad-lndian
Agricultural Research Institute)
4875-A2, A6, Bl
FEEDLOT ODORS
Anonymous
Animal Nutrition and Health, V. 32, No. 8, p.
9, Nov.-Dec , 1977.
Keywords: Odor intensity, Odor measure-
ment, Odor control, Agricultural runoff,
Waste management.
Odor intensities measured at two cattle
feedlots in Texas ranged from 1.5 to 170
dilutions per threshold (DT) which covers the
measurement range of the Barnabey-Cheney
Scentometer, an Instrument used to measure
odors. The average odor reading at the
surface of a 4000-head feedlot, determined by
monitoring 4 randomly selected pens for 7
months, was 31 DT. In conducting this
research, Texas Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion workers found that the runoff settling
basin and retention pond averaged 68-48 DT.
Odor intensities were diluted to 1.5 to 2 DT
within 1250 and 1650 feet downwind of the
feedlot. It was suggested that calcium
bentonite as a ration ingredient could be used
to reduce odor from feedlots plus enhance
cattle performance during the first 21 days of
feeding. (Bates - East Central)
4876-A11, B2, Cl, C2, Dl, E3
EFFECTS OF LIQUID FRACTION
PRESSED FROM DAIRY CATTLE
EXCRETA (LE» IN LAMB DEBTS
United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville,
Maryland 20705
L W. Smith and I L. Lindahl
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 2, p.
478-483, Feb., 1978. 5 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Diets, Sheep, Separ-
ation techniques, Performance, Digestibility,
Nitrogen balance, Dry matter, Organic
wastes, Screw press.
Liquid was separated from fresh dairy cattle
excreta (LE) by the use of a screw press. LE (8
percent Dry matter) that contained 95 percent
neutral-detergent solubles dried on corn cobs
replaced 0, 2.8, to 6 percent units of the dry
matter of 40 percent corn cob diets. The
remainder of the dry matter of the three diets
consisted of 40 percent corn meal, 6.4 percent
soybean meal, 2.5 percent alfalfa meal, .5
percent salt, and .6 percent units of the dry
matter of 40 percent corn cob diets. The
remainder of the dry matter of the three diets
consisted of 40 percent corn meal, 6.4 percent
soybean meal, 2.5 percent alfalfa meal, .5
percent salt, and .6 percent dicalcium
phosphate. The three pelleted complete diets
were fed ad libitum in four growth trials with
18 lambs (initial weight 28.1 kg) in each trial.
Digestibility and nitrogen balance were
conducted at the end of each growth trial with
three lambs from each treatment. The two
levels of LE did not affect nutrient digestibili-
ties (P> 05), and means were: dry matter, 59
percent; organic matter, 60 percent; cell
walls, 40 percent; and nitrogen, 56 percent.
Daily nitrogen retention averaged 3.8 g and
did not differ (P > .05) as a result of added
levels of LE Lamb performance did not differ
(P ) 05) as a result of LE in diets, and means
were: daily dry matter intake, 1.31 kg;
average daily gain, 229 g; digestible organic
matter for growth, 343 g; and partial
conversion of digestible organic matter to
gain, 1 55 kg/kg. Efficiency of nutrient
utilization for growth by lambs was neither
adversely affected nor stimulated by these
levels of dietary additions of LE. (Smith-ARS,
USDA)
160
-------
4877-B3, Cl, C2, C3, D3, E3
FERMENTATION AND UTILIZA-
TION OF BROILER LITTER EN-
SILED AT DIFFERENT MOIST-
URE LEVELS
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
L. F. Caswell, J. P. Fontenot and K. E. Webb,
Jr.
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 2, p.
547-561, Feb., 1978. 11 tab., 30 ref.
Keywords: Broiler litter, Ensiling, Refeeding,
Sheep, Nitrogen utilization, Digestibility,
Coliform bacteria, Moisture content.
The feasibility of ensiling broiler litter alone or
with added moisture was evaluated by
measuring fermentation characteristics, nitro-
gen utilization and ration digestibility. Wood
shaving broiler litter was ensiled In small,
laboratory silos at moisture levels of 15.6 (no
water added), 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent.
Optimum fermentation was approached at 40
percent moisture, as measured by pH and
levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and water-sol-
uble carbohydrates of the silages. Conform
bacteria were eliminated by ensiling at 20 to
50 percent moisture. In a subsequent large-
scale study, litter was ensiled alone (22
percent moisture) or with added water to
elevate the moisture to 40 percent. In the
silage containing 40 percent moisture, active
fermentation occurred, and conforms were
eliminated. Twenty-four wethers were used in
a metabolism study to evaluate rations supple-
mented with: 1) dry heat processed litter (260
C at a depth of 1.3 cm for 30 mln); 2) 22
percent moisture litter silage; 3) 40 percent
moisture litter silage; or 4) soybean meal.
Supplements supplied 50 percent of the
nitrogen In the experimental rations. Calcu-
lated TON was equalized among rations by
varying quantities of corn cobs and corn
sugar. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < .01)
for the ration supplemented with processed
litter. Digestion coefficients were not signifi-
cantly different among the three rations
supplemented with litter, but values for dry
matter and crude fiber were higher (P < .05)
than for the ration supplemented with
soybean meal. (Caswell-Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University)
4878-A11, B3, C2, D2, E3
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND
MICROB1AL ADAPTATION OF
RUMINANTS FED FORMALDE-
HYDE TREATED POULTRY
WASTE
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
S. E. Koemg, E. E. Hatfield and J. W. Spears
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 2, p.
490-498, Feb., 1978. 7 tab., 32 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Waste treatment,
Formaldehyde, Refeeding, Sheep, Cattle,
Performance, Microbial adaptation, Uric acid.
Forty-four ewe lambs and 48 crossbred steers
were used to determine the feasibility of
recycling formaldehyde treated poultry waste
(PW) in ruminant diets. Caged layer waste
was treated with a 37 percent formaldehyde
solution and then used at either 0 or 10
percent of the diet on a dry matter basis.
Lamb weight gains and feed/gain ratios were
not different (P> .05) for the steers receiving
PW but due to the decreased feed intake, the
feed/gain ratios were not different (P< .05)
between treatments. The final study was
designed to determine the period of time
required for rumen microorganisms to adapt
to the high level of uric acid supplied by the
PW. Rumen fluid taken dally from wethers
adapting to the PW diet was Incubated In
flasks containing graded levels of supple-
mental uric acid. It appeared from the in vitro
cellulose and uric acid disappearance data
that the rumen microbes were capable of
utilizing the uric acid nitrogen In PM after a 2-
to 3-day adaptation period and that adapted
microbes were capable of degrading uric acid
within a 6-hr incubation period. (Koenlg-Uni-
versity of Illinois)
4879-B3, C2, E3
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A
RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF I. IN-
FLUENCE OF PRACTICAL EX-
TREMES IN DIET, WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT PROCEDURE AND
STAGE OF PRODUCTION ON
COMPOSITION
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Can-
ada, N1G 2W1
E. Evans, E. T. Moran, Jr. and J. P. Walker
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 2, p.
520-526, Feb., 1978. 5 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Refeeding, Poul-
try, Diets, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Ash, Gross
energy, Acid detergent fiber, Neutral deter-
gent fiber, Composting.
The effects of hen diet, stage of production
and manure management on the composition
of laying hen waste were tested. Four-
hundred Single Comb White Leghorn laying
hens were grouped by 10 and each were
assigned to treatments of high (HPN) or low
plane of nutrition (LPN) diets. Excreta from
half of the groups on each diet was removed at
3-day intervals, while the excreta from the
remaining groups were allowed to accrue
during the 252-day experiment. Nutrient
profiles of waste from all groups were
determined at four intervals in the production
cycle. At all times tested concentrations of
nitrogen and ash were higher (P< .05) while
gross energy, acid detergent fiber and neutral
detergent fiber were lower (P < .05) in the
fresh manure originating from the HPN-as
compared to the LPN diet. Composting
reduced (P ^ .05) moisture, nitrogen and
organic matter and increased (P< .05) the ash
content of excreta samples. Decreases in total
nitrogen as composting progressed were
largely attributable to losses occurring in the
uric acid fraction Stage of production did not
appear to be a major factor contributing to
compositional changes in hen excreta.
(Evans-University of Guelph)
4880-All, B2, C2, Dl, E3
LAYING HEN EXCRETA AS A
RUMINANT FEEDSTUFF II.
PRESERVATION AND ACCEPT-
ABILITY OF WET EXCRETA BY
SHEEP
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Can-
ada
E. Evans, E T. Moran, Jr., G K Macleod
and E M Turner, Jr
Journal of Animal Science, V. 46, No. 2, p.
527-534, Feb., 1978. 9 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Refeeding, Sheep,
Preservatives, Propionic acid, Molasses,
Nitrogen losses.
For experiment 1, fresh excreta from hens
receiving a high plane of nutrition diet was
sun-dried to final dry matter (DM) levels of
approximately 50, 70 and 80 percent, Aliquots
from each DM level were treated with 0, 1.0,
1.5 or 2 percent proplonic acid (w/w, as is
basis). Analysis at 30-day intervals revealed
progressive nitrogen losses in samples not
containing the preservative and in all samples
at 50 percent DM. For experiment 2, two 6x6
latin square design trials were conducted to
estimate the effects of composition and the
effects of additives on the acceptability of hen
excreta by sheep. In trial 1, ewes were offered
fresh, unprocessed excreta from hens receiv-
ing high (HPN-excreta) or low plane of
nutrition (LPN-excreta) diets which was
untreated, or treated by adding 1 percent
propionicacidor2 percent molasses (w/w). In
trial 2, wethers were offered the same six
variations of excreta that had been processed
by freeze drying, in both trials, sheep were
given separate access to corn silage in excess
of their energy maintenance requirement.
Results from trial 1 indicated that the ewes
preferred the unprocessed LPN over the HPN-
excreta, and that intakes of both sources of
waste were stimulated by the addition of
molasses and propionic acid, with propionic
acid being the most effective. Trials 2 results
showed that sheep had no preference due to
the source of manure after freeze drying. The
molasses additive was effective in increasing
intake, and the propionic acid was not. Intakes
from both trials for all treatments provided
crude protein and minerals in excess of stated
requirements. (Evans-University of Guelph)
4881-A8, 35, C2, E2
WINTER-APPLIED MANURE;
EFFECTS ON ANNUAL MUNOFF,
EROSION, AND NUTRIENT
MOVEMENT
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Morris, Minnesota 56267
R. A Young and R. F. Holt
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, V. 32,
No. 5, p. 219-221, Sept.-Oct., 1977. 1 fig,, 5
tab , 9 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Livestock
wastes, Land application, Erosion, Nutrient
movement, Crop response.
We measured runoff and soil losses from
rainfall and snowmelt for 3 years on plots
receiving applications of dairy manure in
winter Periodic samples gave us chemical
and physical determinations Soil and nutrient
losses from the manured plots were less than
we expected. The effects of winter manuring
extended into the growing season, reducing
soil loss, runoff, and nutrient movement and
increasing crop yields. (Young-ARS)
4382-B2, B3, B4, C2, D3, E2
A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT,
STORAGE, AND LAND DISPOSAL
OF SWINE WASTE
-------
C. R. Mote
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Agricul-
tural Engineering, Ohio State University,
1974, 205 p. 45 fig., 13 tab., 50 ref.
Keywords: Computer models, System design,
Biological treatment, Waste storage, Land
disposal, Swine wastes, Confinement pens,
Feasibility studies.
A computer simulation was developed to aid
in system design by simulating the operation
of a biological treatment and field disposal
system for wastes from a confinement swine
production operation. Although the program
was built for swine units, provisions were
made for its ready adaptation to other types of
operations. Development of the computer
simulation program is described. Conclusions
drawn from this study include the following:
(1) The rainfall and soil trafficability simula-
tion technique used in the computer simula-
tion program functioned to provide a simu-
lated field access schedule comparable with
real field access data. (2) The animal
population simulation procedure used in the
computer simulation program produced pop-
ulation variations similar to variations ob-
served in a real population. (3) Microblal
kinetic parameters developed from the labora-
tory bench scale treatment system and the
theoretically determined design concepts
enabled the computer simulation program to
calculate reactor volumes that compared
favorably with volumes determined from
conventional design criteria. (4) A study made
with the computer simulation program indi-
cates that, for a given waste stream, if the
effluent COD is kept constant the mass of
mixed liquor VSS in the reactor remains
constant for all reactor volumes. This Indi-
cates that too small a reactor will lead to a
high mixed liquor suspended solids concen-
tration that will cause plant operating difficul-
ties. (5) Studies with the computer simulation
program also indicate that it is economically
feasible to empty a liquid manure storage tank
of moderate volume more frequently than it is
to provide larger storage volumes. It is
recommended that as a research application
the computer program be used in a compre-
hensive investigation to develop a series of
graphs that describe the relationship between
the design and operating parameters for a
range of situations (Merryman - East Central)
4883-All, B2, E2
DIRECT INJECTION OF SLURRY
INTO SOIL TO AVOID HERBAGE
REJECTION
National Institute for Research in Dairying,
Shinfield, Reading, Berkshire, RG2, 9AT,
England
B. B Pain, L. S. Hodgson Jones, and D. M.
Broom
Animal Production, V. 22, No 1 p 160-161
1975
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Slurries, Surface
spreading, Soil injection, Herbage rejection.
The herbage intake of cattle grazing pasture
tainted by cow slurry may be reduced. An
investigation has been made of the value of
new machinery for the direct Injection of
slurry into the soil, as a means of overcoming
this problem. In Spring eighty-one Friesian
cows were divided into three groups and strip-
grazed on paddocks which were either
injected with slurry at 25 t/ha (a 60 kg
available nitrogen/ha) eight weeks previous-
ly; or had slurry spread on the surface at the
same rate and time; or received ammonium
nitrate at 60 kg N/ha as a control. Available
herbage averaged over the nine days of the
trial was 19.9, 21.1 and 24.1 kg dry matter
(DM)/cow per day. Animal Intakes were 11.3
and 12.3 kg DM/cow per day on the Injected
slurry and control paddocks, but only 8.4 kg
DM/cow per day where slurry was spread on
the surface. When cattle first entered a
paddock, and ample grass was available, the
treatments did not affect the time spent
grazing in daily 2-hour observation periods.
During the second feed on a paddock, when
less herbage was available, cattle on the
surface-spread slurry treatment spent longer
grazing, even though their Intakes were
smaller. In a second trial, paddocks which
were either injected at 25 t slurry/ha In June
and August, or received only Inorganic
fertilizer, were grazed by all the cows at
28-day Intervals. Injecting slurry had no effect
on animal intake or behavior. (Pain-National
Institute for Research In Dairying) (Abstract
only)
4884-B1, F2
ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL
LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT
ON DAIRY FARMS IN TWO
REGIONS DOMINATED BY DIF-
FERENT KINDS OF SOILS (OCH-
RAQUALFS AND HAPLUDALFS),
AS ESTIMATED WITH A MATH-
EMATICAL MODEL
D. R. Coote
Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, Aug.,
1973, 280 p. 39 fig., 5 tab., 142 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Mathematical
models, Legislation, Waste disposal, Dairy
industry, Soils.
This thesis contains three major sections. The
first section gives a detailed discussion on the
lypes of legislation and the objectives of such
legislation. Emphasis is placed on the
literature concerning manure related pollution
problems, and proposed laws and guidelines
designed to control them. The second section
describes the development of a mathematical
model at a New York dairy farm, designed to
enable estimates to be obtained of certain
parameters of Interest. The object Is to obtain
estimates of the likely changes in selected
parameters which result from hypothetical
legislation. The third section presents the
results of linear programming procedures
designed to maximize the income of a farmer,
subject to constraints imposed on his opera-
tion by hypothetical legislation. The conclu-
sions presented are in terms of the data
generated by the modelling phase of the
study. (Merryman - East Central)
4885-All, B2, B3, C2, Dl, E3
A NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION
OF RECYCLED SWINE WASTE
D. E. Orr, Jr.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Animal
Husbandry, Michigan State University, 1974,
104 p. 20 tab., 156 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Dried swine wastes,
Dried poultry wastes, Oxidation ditch liquor,
Nutrients, Digestibility, Swine finisher diets,
Performance.
Seven experiments, five feeding trials and two
digestion trials, were conducted to evaluate
dried swine feces (DSF), dried poultry waste
(DPW), and oxidation ditch liquor (DDL) as
sources of nutrients In swine finisher diets.
Study results indicated the following: (1)
Finishing pigs consumed corn-soy rations
containing up to 22 percent DSF at 90 to 95
percent of full appetite. (2) Rate and efficiency
of gain were depressed by the incorporation of
DSF into corn-soy ratios to replace the
soybean meal. (3) A depression of apparent
digestibility and retention of dry matter,
nitrogen, energy, and most minerals resulted
from the incorporation of DSF Into a finisher
diet. (4) The addition of supplemental amino
acids to the DSF diets significantly Improved
apparent digestibility of nitrogen, energy, and
several minerals. (5) Elevated calcium levels,
reduced amlno acid availability, and reduced
energy digestibility of DSF and DPW
appeared to be the prime factors affecting
their utilization in swine diets. It was found
that addition of supplemental energy to diets
containing DSF to restore the concentration of
digestible energy should improve pig perfor-
mance. (6) No improvement in pig perfor-
mance was observed for pigs receiving ODL In
their diet and lower apparent digestibility
coefficients for dry matter, protein, energy
and minerals were obtained in balance trials
utilizing ODL. (Merryman-East Central)
4886-B3, E3, Fl
PRORICH CASHES IN ON FEED
MARKET WITH DPW
G. Richardson
Western Livestock Journal, V. 56, No. 18, p.
16, Feb. 13, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Dried Poultry Wastes, Refeeding,
ProRich Feeds, Protein, Costs.
ProRich Feeds, a division of Richlawn Turf
Farms, Inc., Denver, was the first to success-
fully use Dried Poultry Waste (DPW) as a feed
ingredient. Because of its- high protein
content, which averages 30 percent, DPW is a
valuable ingredient. ProRich has a guarantee
of 23 percent protein and is sold for $95 per
ton. This makes the product $25-30 under the
cost of many competing feeds of comparable
values. The product can be fed on the ground,
in bulk or in a feed bunk. (Rowe - East
Central)
4887-A6, A8, B3, Cl, C2, C3, D3,
E2
COMPOSTING AS A MANURE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
R. Thompson
Compost Science, V. 18, No. 6, p. 18-19,
Nov./Dec., 1977. 2 fig.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Composting, Odor
control, Moisture content, Carbon-nitrogen
ratio, Temperature, Land application, Crop
response.
According to Richard Thompson, composting
is a sensible, practical, economical way to deal
with animal wastes on a farm. Moisture
content for composting should be from 40-60
percent. The carbon-nitrogen ratios should be
20-30 parts carbon to one part nitrogen. The
windrows need to be turned until temperature
stays below 100 . When composting starts the
162
-------
odor changes to a musty smell and Is not
noticeable over 40 rods away from windrows.
When the temperature starts to rise, the fly
problem Is eliminated. These temperatures
will kill weed seeds and harmful pathogenic
organisms. The yield response from compost
was very encouraging, producing a strong 100
bushels per acre In a dry year. On the farm,
composting is a way of turning a liability into
an asset. (Rowe-East Central)
4888-A11, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, D2, E3,
Fl
COMPOSITION AND DIGESTI-
BILITY OF UNTREATED AND
SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED
FECAL WASTE FROM CATTLE
FED HIGH OR LOW ROUGHAGE
RATIONS
British Poullry Science, V. 19, No. 2, p.
143-147, March, 1978. 5 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Dried poultry manure,
Diets, Laying hens, Performance.
1. The effect on food consumption by pullets
when dried poultry manure (DPM) replaced
part of dietary groundnut cake depended on
the strain of the birds: In two of the three
hybrids food consumption was not affected
when up to 100 g DPM/kg was fed. 2.
Increases In food consumption were accom-
panied by Increases In egg production. 3. The
food required per dozen eggs was Improved
by up to 100 g dietary DPM/kg and variation
in the sizes of eggs laid depended on the
hybrid. 4. Concentrations of DPM up to 100
g/kg did not affect the water-soluble nitrogen
content of the egg but the crude albumen
nitrogen content was depressed at concentra-
tions of 80g/kg or above. 5. Feeding DPM to
laying pullets depressed body weight.
(Ogunmodede-Universlty of Ibadan)
The development of a complete treatment
system for pig slurry including separation,
high rate filtration and sludge de-watering Is
described and the results of pilot-scale exper-
iments are given. Of the total slurry produced
dally by approximately 400 pigs, 70 percent
was converted Into fibrous and sludge solids
or lost by evaporation, the remaining 30
percent being filtrate from dewaterlng the
sludge. The solids were easily stacked and
handled as farmyard manure and the filtrate
could be stored and pumped without difficulty
through smallbore pipes. There was little
smell from either solids or filtrate. A few
analyses for plant nutrients Indicated no loss
of phosphorus and potassium but some loss of
total nitrogen compared with untreated slurry.
The complete system was automatic in
operation, required little labour and, If
installed In a piggery, had the potential of
producing an output that was almost entirely
in the form of a solid by evaporating most of
the surplus liquid. (Osborne-N.I.A.E.)
0. M. Lucas
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Animal
Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Sept., 1976, 100 p. 17 tab.,
98 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Refeedlng, Sodium
hydroxide treatment, Sheep, Performance,
Roughage level, Drying, In vitro dry matter
digestibility, Economics.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the
nutritive value of untreated and NaOH treated
dried fecal waste from cattle fed a high- or
low-roughage ration. Experimental objectives
were: (1) To Investigate the effect of two
different drying methods or In vitro dry matter
digestibility of cattle fecal waste. (2) To study
the effect of NaOH treatment of cattle fecal
waste on In vitro dry matter digestibility. (3)
To determine the effect of different roughage
levels in cattle diets on the nutritive value of
fecal waste when fed to sheep. (4) To
investigate the effect of NaOH treatment of
fecal waste from cattle fed different roughage
levels on its nutritive value when fed to sheep.
All three factors (roughage level, drying
method, and NaOH treatment) affected In
vitro dry matter digestibility of cattle fecal
wastes. Apparent digestion coefficients for
untreated low-roughage waste were much
higher than those for untreated high-rough-
age waste. Untreated high-roughage waste
appeared to be of limited protein and energy
value for refeedlng to ruminants. However,
untreated low-roughage waste appeared to
have considerable refeedlng value. NaOH
treatment of high- and low-roughage cattle
fecal wastes resulted In a significant increase
in apparent digestibility of most components
studied. Addition of the high level of NaOH
used In this study may not be economically
feasible. But addition of lower levels, as have
been used In treatment of other low quality
roughages, may result In sufficient improve-
ment In nutritive value to De economically
feasible. (Stiles-East Central)
4889-A11, B3, E3
REPLACEMENT OF GROUND-
NUT CAKE BY DRIED POULTRY
MANURE IN THE DIETS OF
LAYING HENS
Department of Animal Science, University of
Ibadan, Nigeria
B. K. Ogunmodede and S. 0. Afolabl
4890-A11, B3, E3
UTILISATION OF DRIED POUL-
TRY MANURE BY GROWING
CHICKENS FED ON A PRACTI-
CAL DIET
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
B. K. Ogunmodede and A. J. Anlnge
British Poultry Science, V. 19, No. 2, p.
137-141, March, 1978. 3 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Dried poultry manure, Refeeding,
Growing chickens, Diets, Food conversion,
Carcass quality.
1. Dried poultry manure (DPM) has been
tested as a replacement for groundnut cake in
poultry diets. 2. Body weight gain, and the
efficiency of food conversion were Improved
when the diet contained 50 g DPM/kg but
higher rates of inclusion (100 or 150 g/kg)
depressed growth. 3 Birds fed on diets
containing 50 g DPM/kg yielded meat of
comparable quality to those fed on the control
diet whereas those fed on diets containing
more DPM yielded meat containing more fat
and less water. 4. The percentage moisture in
the meat was inversely related to the llpid
content. 5. Nitrogen retention was comparable
in all groups. (Ogunmodede-Universlty of
Ibadan)
4891-A6, B2, B3, B4, Cl, C2, D3,
E2
AN INTEGRATED SEPARATION,
AEROBIC TREATMENT AND
SLUDGE DE-WATERING SYS-
TEM FOR PIG SLURRY
Farm Buildings Department, National Insti-
tute of Agricultural Engineering Research,
Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, England
L E. Osborne, R. Q. Hepherd, and R. W.
Sneath
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,
V. 21, p. 109-120, 1976. 7 fig., 5 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords: Aerobic treatment, Separation
techniques, Swine wastes, Sludge, Filtrate,
Solids, Odor, Waste storage, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Nitrogen.
4892-B3, Dl
MECHANICAL MANURE HAR-
VESTING FROM FEEDLOTS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Col-
orado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
J. D. Kellerby and J. L. Smith
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 20, No. 6, p.
1033-1036, Nov.-Dec., 1977. 11 fig., 1 tab., 2
ref.
Keywords: Feedlot wastes, Equipment, Ma-
nure harvester, Design, Pulverizing, Loading,
Transporting, Unloading.
A manure harvester was constructed which
incorporated the functions of pulverizing,
loading, transporting and unloading. It was
towed by a medium-sized tractor and powered
hydraulically. In tests on wood paste and beef
feedlot manure, power requirements were
less than 10 kW to load material 5 cm deep at
forward speeds of 1 to 2 km/hr. Approxi-
mately 40 rrr/hr were loaded. Harvesting and
handling beef manure from a feedlot surface
to the user or processor is an important
feature of any utilization scheme. Current
harvesting and handling methods usually
involve collection and loading into a truck
spreader using a tractor front loader. A
mechanical manure harvester was constructed
at Colorado State University. It Incorporated
the functions of pulverizing, loading, trans-
porting and unloading. The machine was
designed for use on concrete and on graded,
packed soil surface lots. Increased operating
efficiency and capability for working with a
variety of manure conditions will become
increasingly important as management prac-
tices require more frequent harvesting. Stone
et al (1975) showed the chemical and physical
properties of manure changed significantly
during the first 3 wk of aging. This suggests
that manure may be more valuable and easier
to process If it is harvested more frequently.
The manure harvester described in this paper
is efficient and capable of handling different
volumes of material under a variety of
conditions. (Kellerby-Colorado State Univer-
sity)
4893-A6, 32, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON AN
ANAEROBIC LAGOON
163
-------
Agricultural Engineering Department, Okla-
homa State University, Stlllwater, Oklahoma
C. E Rice
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 20, No. 6, p.
1119-1122, 1128, Nov.-Dec., 1977. 4 fig., 10
ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste treatment,
Lagoons, Pumps, Mixing, Odor, Chemical
oxygen demand, pH, Temperature, Conduc-
tivity.
A low-energy, high-volume propeller pump
was placed In a lagoon receiving gwlne
manure to evaluate its effect upon the odors
from the lagoon. Another lagoon of the same
size (0.405 ha surface area by 2.2 m deep),
subject to similar conditions, was close by and
provided a comparison of a treated (lagoon
with pump) system with an untreated (lagoon
without pump) system. The lagoons were
anaerobic, very turbid and had no dissolved
oxygen. The pump could completely mix the
lagoon liquid about every four hours and it
was operated from July 17, 1975 through
January 6, 1976. Odor levels, pH, tempera-
ture, conductivity and general observations
were obtained on a weekly basis beginning
four weeks before startup of the pump and
through May, 1976. The forced mixing
reduced the odor production from the lagoon
from odor levels of zero to 31 to zero to seven
dilutions to threshold. The observed results on
the water parameters for the treated and
untreated systems followed the same pattern.
This indicated that the pump did not have a
significant effect on the water parameters of
the lagoon. The boiling-type activity of the
treated lagoon was reduced significantly
compared to the untreated lagoon. (Rice-
Oklahoma State University)
4894-B2, B4, Cl, D3, E3
TWO-PHASE ANAEROBIC DI-
GESTION OF SWINE WASTE
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
R. E. Smith, M J. Reed, and J. T. Kiker
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 20, No. 6, p.
1123-1128, Nov.-Dec., 1977. 4 fig., 3 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Anaerobic diges-
tion, Design, Volatile acid digester, Up-flow
anaerobic filter, Waste storage, Methane.
Design and operating information is given for
the two phases of anaerobic digestion of
animal wastes, the volatile acid digester and
(he up-flow anaerobic filter for methane gas
production. The appeal of the two-phase
digestion system is discussed including the
potential for the intermediate storage of
concentrated volatile acids. The capability of
the inaerobic filter for periodic operation is
contrasted with that of the conventional
methane digester. Kinetic reaction constants
were evaluated for the methane digester and
used to present a prediction equation for the
specific volumetric gas production rate to be
expected. (Smith - University of Georgia)
4895-All, B2, C2, E3
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION
WITH RATS OF ALGAE (CHLOR-
ELLA) GROWN ON SWINE MA-
NURE
Department of Animal Science, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
P. R. Cheeke, E. Gasper, L. Boersma, and J.
E. Oldfield
Nutrition Reports International, V. 16, No. 5,
p. 579-585, Nov., 1977. 5 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Swine wastes,
Substrates, Algae, Proteins, Feeds, Rats,
Performance.
Algae (Chlore/la vulgarls) grown on a sub-
strate of liquid swine manure were evaluated
as a protein source with rats. Raw freeze-drled
algae had a low protein efficiency ratio (PER)
of .84 which was improved by autoclaving to a
PER of 1.31. PER values for soybean meal,
cottonseed meal and fish meal were 2.35, 1.45
and 2.33, respectively. With a corn-based
diet, autoclaved algae produced lower (P< .01)
average dally gains than did fishmeal or
soybean meal at equivalent levels of protein
supplementation. Amlno acid supplementa-
tion of an autoclaved algae-corn diet Indicated
that lysine was the first-limiting amlno acid.
Algae plus .3 percent lysine gave a growth
rate exceeding that with corn-soybean meal
diet at the same protein level. The digesti-
bility of crude protein was 59 percent In raw
algae, 68 percent In autoclaved algae, and 85
percent in soybean meal. Low protein digest-
ibility and low lysine availability appear to be
major factors limiting the nutritional value of
this algae preparation. (Cheeke-Oregon State
University)
4896-B2, 33, Cl, Dl
DEWATERING A SWINE MA-
NURE SLURRY BY EXPRESSION
Agricultural Engineering Department, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
48824
J. F. Steffe, and J. B. Gerrlsh
Paper No 77-4577, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois,
Dec 13-17, 1977, 21 p. 8 fig., 3 ref.
Keywords: Separation techniques, Swine
wastes, Slurries, Dewatering, Filtration,
Solids.
A cylinder with a porous piston was used to
express liquid from a swine manure slurry.
Swine feces are found to consist of large
fibrous solids and fine solids. The fine
material separates readily from the fibrous
solids by the addition of water and subsequent
mixing. Final removal is accomplished by
allowing the fibrous solids to settle and
conveying the excess liquid (with fines In
suspension) away from the settled material. A
filtration experiment was conducted that
explained why liquid is easily expressed from
the fibrous solids once the fine material has
been removed. Expression is a viable method
of dewatering swine manure if the fine solids
are properly managed. (Steffe-Michigan State
University)
4897-B2, BS, C2, E2
MANURE CAN SLICE FERTILI-
ZER NEEDS
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V 103, No. 7, p. 94, April 8,
1978. 1 fig
Keywords1 Swine wastes, Fertilizers, Land
application, Application rates, Corn
The type of ration fed; method of manure
collection and storage; amount of feed,
bedding and/or water in the manure; and time
and method of application are factors affecting
the nutrient value of manure. Hog manure
should be applied to the land at such a rate
that the amount of available nutrients does not
greatly exceed the amount removed by the
growing crop. Proper manure application rate
on 150-lb. corn land would be 9773 gal/acre/
year, if the manure is used as a complete
fertilizer. If applying the manure to maximize
its fertilizer value, an additional 108 Ib. of N
and 150 Ib. of K£> are needed per acre to meet
corn nutrient requirements. (Rowe East
Central)
4898-A3, B2, B4, Cl, C2, E2
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF
FROM DISPOSAL OF CATTLE
FEEDLOT WASTES ON LAND
M. E. Harris
M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineer-
ing, Kansas State University, 1974, 88 p. 15
fig., 31 tab., 67 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Liquid wastes, Land
disposal, Agricultural runoff, Irrigation tail-
water, Nutrients, Storage lagoon effluent.
A study was carried out on plots of gently
sloping, fine sandy loam soil with an
infiltration rate of 0.1 inch/hour at the Pratt
(Kansas) Feedlot. Researchers hoped to
determine oxygen demanding properties,
nutritional components, and other factors that
might help characterize the stormwater runoff
and irrigation tailwater in this situation.
Samples of rainfall runoff and clearwater
irrigation tailwater were collected. Storage
lagoon effluent was applied during the
growing season as follows: E-1, 0 inches; E-2,
16 inches; E-3, 8 inches; E-4, 4 inches; and
E-5, 2 inches. Manure was applied in the
autumn as follows: M-1, 0 tons/acre; M-2, 10
tons/acre; M-3, 20 tons/acre, M-4, 40
tons/acre; M-5, 80 tons/acre; M-7, 160
tons/acre; M-9, 320 tons/acre; and every
other year to M-6, 80 tons/acre; M-8, 160
tons/acre; and M-10, 320 tons/acre. Water
was provided by furrow irrigation of well
water. Two trends were indicated: (1) Increas-
ing manure applications increased the values
for the pollution parameters. (2) Total-N and
Total-P were related to COD. Study conclu-
sions were: (1) Land disposal achieves a high
degree of treatment of feedlot wastes. (2)
Pollution parameters had high enough con-
centrations from rainfall runoff that the
quality of the water was doubtful for direct
release to surface waters. (3) For rainfall
runoff, increasing manure applications in-
ferred increasing values for the pollution
parameters. (4) Irrigation runoff had much
lower concentrations of the pollution para-
meters than rainfall runoff yet, possessed a
pollution potential that may not be suitable for
direct release to surface waters. (5) No
definite trends could be determined for the
values of the pollution parameters from irriga-
tion runoff. (6) Values for both concentrations
and total losses were usually higher than
those found in the I iterature for lands with and
without manure application. (7) Oxygen
demanding material in the runoff may not be a
problem since it is mostly COD. Suspended
solids and nutrients have the potential to be
problems throughout the year. (Stiles - East
Central)
164
-------
4899-B2, BS, E2, Fl
LOW-LABOR FLUSH SYSTEM
CLEANS MILKING AREAS IN
MINUTES
Anonymous
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 4, p. 75, April,
1978. 3 fig.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Dairy wastes,
Flushing, Underground pit, Irrigation, Coast-
al bermudagrass, Coats.
It takes less than one hour a day for Lawrence
Hancock, Stephenvllle, Texas to clean up his
milking barn and holding areas and dispose of
wastes. After milking, Hancock hooks up a
50-foot, IVz-lnch-diameter rubber hose and
turns on a 3-horsepower pump. The pump
forces water from a 1,000-gallon tank through
a hose and out through a high-pressure nozzle
at 35 to 40 pounds per square Inch. Force of
the water blows manure into a 22,000-gallon
underground pit. The barn and holding pen
are flushed in less than 20 min. The holding
pit is 23 x 26 x 8 feet and Is covered with con-
crete slats. A tractor pto-driven liquid manure
pump moves the liquified wastes through the
irrigation pipe to a sprinkler gun which sprays
the material onto 12 acres of Coastal
bermudagrass. It takes less than 40 minutes to
empty the pit. The system costs about $5,000
for pump, hose, nozzle, irrigation pipe, and
sprinkler gun. (Rowe - East Central)
4900-A1, Bl, BS, CL, C2, C3, Dl,
D2, D3, E2, E3, Fl, F2, F4
SOILS FOR MANAGEMENT OF
ORGANIC WASTES AND
WATEIS
R. C. Dinauer, Managing Editor
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Soil Science Society of
America, American Society of Agronomy,
Crop Science Society of America, Madison,
1977, 650 p.
Keywords: Organic wastes, Soils, Land Dis-
posal, Recycling, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes,
Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Biological properties, Soil-water-plant rela-
tionships, Site selection, Design, Manage-
ment, Transportation, Climates, Pollution,
Regulation, Economics.
This publication is a compilation of sympos-
ium papers concerning land utilization and
disposal of organic wastes that were pre-
sented by scientists having a wide diversity of
training and experience. The ficst chapter
gives a brief resume of sources and quantities
of organic wastes, present and potential
future regulations, and economic and social
implications of utilization and disposal on
agricultural lands. The next chapters concern:
(1) properties of wastes and waste waters, (2)
chemical, physical, and biological properties
of soils, (3) effect of waste application on
nutrient cycles, (4) site selection, design, and
transportation, (5) special utilization and
disposal problems occurring within various
climatic regions, and (6) special environment-
al considerations (odors, pathogens, etc.). The
last chapter deals with the future direction of
waste utilization. (Merryman-East Central)
4901-A6, Bl, Cl, C2, O
PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTUR-
AL AND MUNICIPAL WASTES
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
T. M. McCalla, J. R. Peterson, and C.
Lue-HIng
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 2, Soli Science Society
of America, American Society of Agronomy,
Crop Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisconsin, 1977, p. 10-43. 23 tab., 46 ref.
Keywords: Animal wastes, Crop wastes,
Forest wastes, Industrial wastes, Sewage
sludge, Municipal refuse, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Biological properties,
Odor.
This chapter discusses the physical, chemical,
and biological properties of agricultural and
municipal wastes as they relate to land
application. Major sources of animal wastes
are beef feedlots and confined housing for
dairy cattle, chickens, and swine. The mean
and range of chemical analyses of samples
taken from 23 outdoor beef cattle feedlots In
Texas are given. Concentrations of plant
nutrient elements are highly variable, de-
pending upon ration, collection, storage, and
handling. The total amount of all mineral
elements, except Cand N will remain constant
with time. As the manure decomposes, part of
the C is given off as COa and some N Is
mineralized. Ot all nuisances related to
manures, odor Is the most readily noticeable
but least definable and most difficult to
control. Microorganisms associated with ani-
mal wastes may also constitute a problem.
Besides the large number of saprophytlc
organisms that may occur In animal wastes,
several disease organisms may be present and
transmitted by animal waste material. Com-
posting manure may raise the temperature
sufficiently for pasteurization to occur. It has
been determined that about 70 percent of
typical feedlot manure particles are greater
than 2 jum. The shrinkage limit of high
roughage ration (HRR) faces has been
established In one study to occur at a moisture
content 1.5 times greater than that of high-
concentrate ration (HCR) feces. Particle and
wet bulk densities of the feces were not
affected by ration. A linear regression
equation was developed for estimating slump
(S) as a function of total solids content (TS)
wet-weight basis. The equations were
S = 85.98-2.40 TS for the HCR feces and S =
62.60 3.23 TS for the HRR feces. The
equation for HRR feces was linear within the
range of 14 to 18 percent total solid content.
The liquid limit was 78.1 percent (wet basis)
for the H RR feces and 69.9 percent (wet basis)
for the HCR feces, similar to organic clays and
highly elastic silts and sllty clays. The proper-
ties of crop plant wastes, forest wastes,
industrial processing wastes, sewage sludge,
and municipal refuse are also discussed.
(Merryman-East Central)
4902-A2, A3, B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
PROPERTIES OF WASTE
WATEIS
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA,
Ada, Oklahoma
R. Thomas and J. P. Law
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste waters, Chapter 3, Soil Science Society
of America, American Society of Agronomy,
Crop Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisconsin, 1977, p. 46-72. 13 tab., 37 ref.
Keywords: Waste water management, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Physical
treatment, Biological treatment, Municipal
waste waters, Irrigation return flows, Feedlot
waste waters, Agricultural runoff.
The purpose of this chapter Is to provide
Information on waste water properties which
will be of value to those planning and
designing waste water management projects.
Waste water sources which are considered
Include municipalities, animal feedlota, and
irrigation return flows. Selected quantitative
data in combination with other Information to
depict ways for assessing factors which have
strong Influence on project planning, design,
and management are presented. Waste water
flow rates and changes In properties Induced
by treatment processes are addressed separ-
ately for each source. The treatment processes
covered Include primary processes and con-
ventional biological processes referred to as
secondary treatment processes. (Merryman -
East Central)
4903-A8, B2, B3, C2, E2
RECYCLING ELEMENTS IN
WASTES THROUGH SOEL-PLANT
SYSTEMS
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania
L. T. Kardos, C. E. Scarsbrook, and V. V. Volk
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 12, Soil Science
Society of America, American Society of
Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisconsin, 1977, p. 300-324. 13
tab., 51 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Municipal
wastes, Food processing wastes, Industrial
wastes, Agricultural wastes, Nutrients, Soli
mechanics.
Chapter emphasis Is on the use of the plant
and soil as vehicles whereby chemical
elements In municipal waste waters, sewage
sludges, municipal solid wastes, food process-
Ing wastes, Industrial wastes and agricultural
wastes may be recycled In agricultural
production. The extent of elemental recycling
through the soil-plant system after application
of organic wastes to soils varies widely. After
application of a waste product to the soli,
chemical and physical reactions begin to
change elemental availability. In the case of
animal wastes, nitrogen can be recycled
through the soil-plant system. Nitrogen in
liquid waste becomes available to plants
readily whereas the organically combined N In
the solid animal waste becomes available
more slowly and may remain as a N reserve In
the soil. Nitrogen can serve as an effective
parameter to determine waste application to
soils, assuming that salt concentration, odor,
Insect, solids accumulations, and soclologicai
effects of the waste application on neighbor-
ing communities do not present problems.
Application of animal wastes to supply N will
often eliminate micro-nutrient deficiencies of
Zn or Fe and add considerable P and K to the
soil. Before applying wastes to the land, one
should know the chemical, physical, and
microbiological properties of the material;
topographical and cllmatologlcal features of
the area; soil chemical and physical proper-
ties, long range land use, cropping plans; crop
nutrient requirements and elemental sensitiv-
ities; and public reaction or sentiment. This
Information will help facilitate management
systems that optimize elemental recycling.
(Merryman-East Central)
4-B2, B3, BS, E2
SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND
PROBLEMS IN USING FOREST
165
-------
SOILS FOR ORGANIC WASTE
APPLICATION
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
W. H. Smith and J. 0. Evans
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 16, Soil Science
Society of America, American Society of
Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisconsin, 1977, p. 428-459. 14
tab., 63 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Municipal
wastes, Recreational area wastes, Animal
wastes, Agricultural wastes, Industrial
wastes, Forest management.
Distribution of wastes on forest lands Is
discussed In terms of: (1) forest soil, site, and
stand characteristics affecting use, (2) charac-
teristics of wastes - municipal sewage
effluents, rural sewage effluents (Including
animal wastes), Industrial effluents, sludges,
and solid wastes - affecting use In forests, (3)
transport, distribution, logistics, and engin-
eering factors, and (4) forest management
alternatives and utilization strategies. Re-
search Indicates that waste application to
forests and tree plants can contribute to
renewing wood fiber resources and solving
waste recycling problems provided proper
tree species are selected; wastes are properly
adlusted to the ecological requirements of the
trees; distribution systems are designed to fit
structural characteristics of forests; and the
optimum tree production systems are
selected, Installed, and properly managed.
(Merryman-East Central)
4905-Al, AS, A7, A8, Bl, Cl, C2,
E2
LAND UTILIZATION AND DIS-
POSAL OF ORGANIC WASTES IN
ARID REGIONS
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
W. H. Fuller and T. C. Tucker
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 17, Soil Science
Society of America, American Society of
Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisconsin, 1977, p. 472-489. 6 tab.,
31 ref.
Keywords: Animal wastes, Plant wastes,
Municipal wastes, Industrial wastes, Land
application, Arid lands, Environmental
effects, Air pollution, Ground water pollution.
Aridity may be described as a comparison
between water supply and water need. Water
supply is relatively easy to measure. Water
need, which refers primarily to potential
evapotransplratlon, is more difficult to eval-
uate. Chemically, arid land soils are neutral
and alkaline in pH and high In salts. Animal
manures In arid regions probably differ from
those in humid regions more than other waste
materials. Moisture content of wastes and also
the leaching associated with rainfall are less
prominent in arid than In humid lands. The
custom of housing animals In exposed and
unpaved corrals and feedlots results In the
manures mixing with sand and soli. For
manures to be beneficially used on soils In
crop production, special management prac-
tices must be used to avoid the following
problems: (1) excessive salt hazard, (2) high
loading rates, (3) accumulation of unfavorable
levels of trace and heavy metals, (4) potential
disease problems, and (5) high levels of Na
and K in proportion to Ca plus Mg. The nature
of other wastes (Including plant wastes,
municipal solid wastes, sludges, city effluent,
and Industry waste streams) must also be
taken Into account In arid regions. At present,
organic waste and waste water management
In arid region soils of the United States Is
based on limited research. Water pollution
and air pollution potential must be examined.
While many of these wastes and waste waters
may be beneficially applied to arid lands due
to nutrient and moisture content, wise
management systems must be utilized to
avoid any detrimental conditions that may
arise from such applications. (Merryman-East
Central)
4906-A8, All, A12, Bl, BS, C3, E2
PATHOGEN CONSIDERATIONS
FOR LAND APPLICATION OF
HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANI-
MAL WASTES
USDA-ARS, Beltsvllle, Maryland
J. D. Menzles
Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 22, Soil Science
Society of America, American Society of
Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisconsin, 1977, p. 574-585. 17 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Animal wastes,
Municipal wastes, Pathogenic bacteria, Ani-
mal health, Public health.
Recycling of animal manures directly In
pasturing or by spreading manure from barns
and feedlots on the land Is an historically
accepted practice. The land Is also being used
more and more for disposal of municipal
wastes. Organic wastes from humans or
domestic animals inevitably contain patho-
gens. Consequently, certain safeguards
should be observed. Basic guidelines for
application of municipal wastes are: (1)
Present regulations protecting domestic water
supplies should be maintained. (2) In using
sewage sludges on land, properly operated
anaerobic digestion, secondary activation,
lagoonlng, or liming to pH 11.5 or above
should be sufficient treatment for reducing
pathogens to a safe level. Untreated raw
sludges and raw effluent water should not be
used in food crop production until we know
more about this particular hazard. (4) Com-
posted sludges should be considered to be
sufficiently free of pathogens to be used for
crop and food production. (5) Raw sewage
effluent should be safe for sprinkling on land
where public access Is controlled and suitable
buffer zones are provided to take care of
aerosol drift. (6) Effluent from properly
operated secondary treatment plants or
lagoon systems should be done with reason-
able precautions to prevent surface runoff into
open water. In terms of land application of
animal wastes, a number of studies have
shown that It is a good precautionary practice
to restrict animals from sprayed pastures for a
week or 10 days of sunny weather after
application. This exposure to heat, ultraviolet
radiation, and drying is generally lethal to
Salmonella, fecal conforms, and probably
viruses. A recent report prepared for the
Council for Agricultural Science and Tech-
nology states "utilization of urban and animal
wastes Is probably Impeded to a greater
extent by the fear of disease than by the actual
disease hazard involved. Information from
field tests suggests that the hazards from
pathogens are more imaginary than real.
(Merryman-East Central)
4907-A1, A4, AS, A6, A12, B5, C2,
C3, E2, E3
FUTURE DIRECTION OF WASTE
UTILIZATION
University of California, Riverside, California
P. F. Pratt, M. D. Thorns, and F. Wiersma
Soils for Management of Organic wastes and
Waste Waters, Chapter 25, Soil Science
Society of America, American Society of
Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisconsin, 1977, p. 620-634. 6 ref.
Keywords: Municipal wastes, Animal wastes,
Land disposal, Refeedlng, Recycling, Ground-
water recharge, Public health, Odor, Crop
response, Water pollution, Groundwater pol-
lution, Pathogenic bacteria, Nutrients.
About 6 million dry metric tons/year of
sewage sludge Is produced In the United
States. About 310 million dry metric tons of
manure from farm animals Is produced. A
report of the Council of Agricultural Science
and Technology (CAST) dealing with use of
sewage sludges and animal manures In
agriculture summarized the problems that
limit their use as follows: (1) Animal manures
and sewage sludges are bulky low-grade
fertilizers of variable composition. (2) These
materials cannot be transported more than a
few tens of miles before the costs of
transportation exceed their fertilizer value. (3)
Difficult on-farm management problems are
created by their physical properties. (4)
Animal manures and sewage sludges contain
soluble salts that can limit their use In arid
irrigated areas. (5) The undesirablllty of
leaching of soluble salts may limit their use on
some croplands. (6) Sewage sludges contain
heavy metals that are retained In soils and
might accumulate to the point where they are
toxic to some plants. (7) Incompletely treated
sewage sludges contain pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, and parasites that represent a public
health risk to farm workers and the public via
the food chain. (8) Odors and associated
nuisances create conflicts between urban and
rural residents and the farmers of adjacent
croplands where sludges and manures are
used. (9) The use of sewage sludges on
cropland Is Inhibited by sociological resist-
ance. (10) Government agencies require
monitoring of both crop and water quality If
sewage sludges are to be used. (11) The
practice of refeedlng animal manures is
inhibited by the concern for possible trans-
mission of pathogens and undesirable organic
residues Into foods. (12) There are no
meaningful guidelines, for using sewage
sludges on cropland or manures as feed
ingredients, that can be Interpreted on a
regional basis or In terms of local situations
and needs. The CAST Report also outlined
actions that can promote sewage sludge and
animal manure use. Methods other than land
spreading meriting consideration as a means
of utilizing municipal and animal wastes
include: (1) use of animal manure as feed, use
of animal manure for energy or fuel, use of
effluents In ground-water recharge and use of
sewage sludge as a source of metals. Trends
for the use of animal wastes and municipal
wastes are predicted. (Merryman East
Central)
4908-C2, Dl, D2
CYCLONIC BURNER FOR PAR-
TIAL COMBUSTION OF MANURE
TO AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS
166
-------
I. J. Natour
M.S. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engin-
eering, Texas Tech University, Dec., 1974, 47
p. 11 fig., 5 tab., 29 ref.
Keywords: Cyclonic burners, Oxidation,
Cattle wastes, Ammonia synthesis gas,
Equipment, Design, Temperature, Hydrogen.
The major purpose of this thesis was to devise
a laboratory scale, alr-flred, cyclonic burner
which would partially oxidize cattle manure
without external heat or additional fuel. A
secondary purpose was the extrapolation of
the experimental data to a process that will
ultimately produce synthesis gas suitable for
the production of ammonia. Equipment and
procedures are described. Conclusions drawn
from the study included: (1) If sufficient heat
transfer between entering and exiting streams
is achieved, a cyclonic burner could partially
oxidize manure, without external heat or
added fuel, to produce synthesis gas that, If
desulfurlzed and reformed, could be used for
ammonia production. (2) Although the upper
reactor temperature limit was not found, It
was observed that the higher the temperature
of the partial oxidation reactions, the greater
the projected hydrogen yield for the tempera-
ture range investigated. (3) The capacity of
the burner was not found, although 253
pounds of wet manure per cubic foot of reactor
volume per hour was experienced. It was
recommended that burners with different
depths should be Investigated to determine
the optimum depth, thus fixing an LID ratio
for future scale-up operations. Experiments to
characterize the condensate are needed In
order to give more reliable energy balances.
Studies of Introducing an Inert gas to sustain a
whirling motion Inside the burner would give
more insight as to the air rate that must be
supplied. (Rowe - East Central)
4909-AU, B2, C3
LIQUID MANURE CAN RELEASE
DEADLY GASES
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V. 103, No. 7, p. 44, April 8,
1978.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Gases, Toxlclty,
Safety, Wisconsin.
While cleaning gutters inside a calf barn, a
16-year old Wisconsin farm youth died from
inhalation of toxic gases. Preventive measures
suggest, where liquid manure systems are
used, that there should be adequate ventila-
tion and that animals and workers should be
evacuated from enclosed buildings when
manure is agitating. (Rowe-East Central)
4910-A11, Bl, C2
SULFA RESIDUES
STILL A PROBLEM
IN SWINE
Anonymous
Southern Hog Producer, V. 9, No. 1, p. 27,
Feb., 1978.
Keywords: Swine, Sulfa, Residues, With-
drawal period, Swine wastes.
Hogs can recycle sulfa from manure which has
accumulated in pens where sulfa was fed,
according to research by the University of
Illinois. In controlling the residue problem the
first step Is to make sure the feed doesn't
contain any sulfa during a 15-day withdrawal
period before slaughter. Producers also need
to scrape pens clean and flush them with
water to remove all manure that may contain
sulfa. After 2-3 days of feeding non-medicated
feed, move the hogs Into a second clean pen so
that manure from the first few days can't be
recycled by the hogs and cause a residue
violation. (Rowe - East Central)
4911-A11, B2, B3, Cl, C2, C3, Dl,
E3
EFFECTS OF RUMEN CON-
TENTS OR FRACTIONS THERE-
OF ON PERFORMANCE OF
BROILERS
Department of Animal Biology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Pahlavl University,
Shlraz, Iran
B. Emmanuel
British Poultry Science, V. 19, No. 1, p. 13-16,
Jan., 1978. 4 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Rumen contents, Refeedlng, Cat-
tle wastes, Sheep wastes, Diets, Broilers,
Performance, Separation techniques.
1. Whole rumen contents did not affect growth
and food conversion when Included In the
diets of broilers (1 to 21 d). 2. The microbial
and liquid fractions of rumen contents
improved food conversion while the solid
fraction (100 g/kg diet) decreased food
conversion efficiency. (Emmanuel-Pahlavi
University)
4912-A11, Bl, Cl
INFLUENCE OF B-GLUCANASE
ON FEEDING VALUE OF BAE-
LEY FOR POULTRY AND MOIST-
URE CONTENT OF EXCRETA
Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricul-
tural College of Sweden, S-750 07 Uppsala,
Sweden
B. Gohl, S. Alden, K. Elwinger, and S.
Thomke
British Poultry Science, V. 19, No. 1, p. 41-47,
Jan., 1978. 3 fig., 2 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Viscosity, Diets,
Performance, Barley, Water-treatment, Heat
treatment, B-glucanase treatment.
1. The cause of the sticky droppings and poor
performance that can occur when barley Is fed
to poultry was Investigated. 2. The problems
could be overcome by water-treatment of the
barley or by addition of B-glucanase. 3. The
problems appear to be caused by a viscous
factor, which is hydrolysed by B-glucanase.
Water-treatment allows hydrolysis by en-
zymes In the barley. 4. Heat-treatment of
barley denatures hydrolytic enzymes and
prevents reduction in viscosity. (Gohl-Agrl-
cultural College of Sweden)
4913-A11, Bl, D3, E3, Fl
WASTE AS A FEED EXTENDER
Department of Animal Science, The Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station, The Texas
A&M University System, College Station,
Texas 77843
L. M. Schake
Texas Agricultural Progress, V. 24, No. 4, p.
23, Fall, 1977. 3 fig.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Digestibility, Cattle,
Performance, Waste reconstituted grain,
Water reconstituted grain, Economics, Car-
cass quality.
Feeding more people for less money through
Increased efficiency and economy are consis-
tent goals of agricultural research. One such
research Involves making animal foods more
digestible, thus Increasing animal feed effici-
ency. Water reconstitute of grain sorghum
has been shown to increase llvewelght cattle
gain consistently. Mora complete digestion
occurs because grain reconstltutlon in a
controlled atmosphere starts the digestion
process before It Is fed. Additional predlgas-
tion Is also possible by introducing digestive
microbes and other waste from the animal's
digestive system into the feed before feeding
it. The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
did a recent research project demonstrating
that this method could Improve conversion of
sorghum grain into beef by steers. A good
source for these microbes Is waste from the
pits in slotted floor confinement barns. A
:serles of experiments was conducted to study
the use of concurrent refeedlng and grain
reconstltution. Waste reconstituted grain
Improved feed conversion and weight gain
more than water reconstituted grain. Waste
usage (1) improved steer performance, (2)
reduced disposal of waste from confinement
operations, (3) conserved much of the energy
that would have been used to grow grain, and
(4) further reduced the cost of feeding a steer
by $5. Waste reconstituted grain had greater
digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and
crude fiber. Taste panel scores showed no
significant change from control carcasses, nor
did 14 other measures of carcass values.
(Stiles- East Central)
4914-B2, Cl
EFFECTS OF RATION ROUGH-
AGE CONTENT ON VISCOSITY
AND THEORETICAL
LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW
BEEF CATTLE SLURRY
Agricultural Engineering Dapartment, Uni-
versity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
L. L. Bashford, C. B. Qllbsrtson, J. A.
Nlenaber, and D. Tletz
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 20, No. 6, p.
1106-1109, Nov.-Dsc., 1977. 8 fig., 11 rat.
Keywords: Rations, Roughage content, Dilu-
tion, Viscosity, Cattle wastes, Slurries, Pipe
flow, Head loss.
Study objectives were: (a) determine the
viscosities of diluted feces from cattle fad at
two levels of roughage lead, (b) detarmlns ths
effect of removal of solids greater than 500
microns on manure slurry viscosity, and (c)
determine the theoretical friction hsad loss
(H ) of diluted feces at solids concentrations of
5 to 15 percent In non-corroalve polyvlnyl-
chlorlde pips. Manure feces and urln®
samples were collected from cattle fad In
metabolism cratas at th® Animal Science
Department, University of Nebraska. Half the
animals were fed a high roughage (HR) ration
(mora than 13 percent crude fiber), the other
half a low roughage (LR) ration (less than 10
percent crud® fiber). Viscosity tests were
conducted by diluting fecal samples with
water. Measurements wars mad© with an
8-spaed Brookflald Synchro-Lectrlc model
167
-------
RVT rotational vlscometer using an optional
set of five cylindrical spindles at speeds of 20,
50, and 100 rpm. Conclusions drawn from the
study were: (1) Feces from cattle fed LR and
HR rations are non-Newtonian and pseudo-
plastic In response. (2) Measurable differ-
ences exist In the viscosity of diluted (5-15
percent TS) feces from animals fed HR and LR
rations. For a given TS concentration the
viscosity and theoretical head loss of diluted
HR feces are greater than those from LR
feces, and Increase with TS concentrations. (3)
The estimated head loss for diluted fecea with
particles greater than those from LR feces,
and Increase with TS concentrations. (3) The
estimated head loss for diluted feces with
particles greater than 500 microns removed
was about twice that of the head loss for
diluted HR and LR fecaa when TS concentra-
tions ranged from 2-8 percent, or from 6-15
percent. (Merryman-East Central)
4915-A3, AS, A6, AW, B2, B5, C2,
C3, E2, Fl
CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE IN-
JECTION OF LIQUID DAIRY MA-
NURE
Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523
J. L. Smith, D. B. McWhorter, and R. C.
Ward
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-77-117, June, 1977, 47 p. 11 fig.,
15 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Dairy wastes,
Fertilizers, Injection, Groundwater pollution,
Nutrients, Salts, Heavy metals, Bacteria, Site
selection, Odor. Insects, Agricultural runoff,
Aesthetics, Economics.
The research has Involved the development
and evaluation of an efficient, economical,
continuous subsurface Injection machine. The
application site was Instrumented so the
quality of water percolating beneath the
Injection zone could be measured. Wells
located around the sites were used to monitor
groundwater quality. Soil samples were taken
periodically to determine nutrients, salts,
heavy metal concentrations, and bacteria
movement and survival. Major environmental
problems were Increased soil salinity and
movement of fecal collform So the ground-
water. Both of these problems can be
eliminated by proper management and site
selection. Subsur'ace Injection Is economically
feasible when compared with other methods
of land application. Although capital costs are
greater for subsurface Injection, labor costs
are significantly reduced. Other advantages of
subsurface Injection are elimination of odors,
Insects, and visual pollution and minimization
of runoff pollution. (Smith-Colorado State
University)
4916-B2, C2, D3, E3
METHANE PRODUCTION SYS-
TEMS FOa SWINE MANURE
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and
Education Administration, North Central
Region, Columbia, Missouri 65201
J. R. Fischer, E. L. lannottl, D. M. Slevers, C.
D Fulhage, and N. F. Msador
Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station
Journal Series Handout, 33 p 15 fig. 9 tab 6
ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Confine-
ment pens, Anaerobic digester, Methane,
Settling basins, Gas production rates, Design.
Production of swine In confinement systems Is
becoming popular in the Midwest because of
labor efficiency. Swine confinement systems,
however, are energy Intensive and problems
with manure management occur. An anaero-
bic digester Is a system that can process the
manure and at the same time produce some
energy. In 1873, research began on the
digestion of swine manure for energy produc-
tion at Columbia, Missouri. Since that time,
loading rates, gas production potential, and
numerous physical and chemical parameters
associated with swine manure digestion have
been defined. This research was accomplished
with a 15 cubic foot model digester which has
operated continuously since 1973. Approxi-
mately 50 percent of the solids entering the
digester are converted to gas at a 15-day
retention time. The gas composition Is
approximately 60 percent methane and 40
percent carbon dioxide. In 1975, design and
construction of a full-scale swine farm
digester at the University of Missouri-Colum-
bia (UMC) Swine Farm began. The UMC
Swine Farm Is a 40-sow farrow-to-flnlsh,
totally confined system with farrowing occur-
ring twice a year. The capacities of the various
buildings are: farrowing house, 40 sows;
nursery, 320 pigs; finishing house, 320 pigs;
and gestation house, 160 sows. The manure Is
transported from the buildings to a centrally
located settling basin. In the settling basin the
correct concentration of solids and water Is
obtained before the manure slurry Is pumpad
Into the digester dally. The digester Is a 140
cubic meter digester, 4.9 meters in height and
6.1 meters In diameter. The digester Is
constructed of a concrete stave silo sur-
rounded by a grain bin exterior. The approx-
imate 4 Inches of apace between the grain bin
and silo Is filled with 4 Inches of ureathane
Insulation. To maintain digester temperature
at 35*C, the gas produced during digestion Is
burned In a commercial water heater. Hot
water Is circulated through the boiler and then
through the digester In 2-Inch pipe. The pipes
are arranged In six 7-foot diameter colls Inside
the digester. The unit was put Into operation
in September, 1976, and has operated
successfully ever since. Twenty-five days after
the digester was started, the gas was at Its
maximum methane content. Actual gas pro-
duction rates from the unit are approximately
2,000 cubic feet per day. The unit Is capable of
producing 10,000 cubic feet of gas but due to
low hog numbers In the buildings, the
potential has not yet bean obtained. For the
winter of 1976-77, approximately 35 percent of
the potential gas production of the digester
was used to maintain digester temperature.
One-half of the 35 percent of the gas
consumed was needed to heat up the Incoming
mixture of' manure and water. Electrical
energy consumption at the digester was 10 to
15 kilowatt hours par day during January.
Some problems that were encountered during
construction operation of the digester were 1)
sealing the digester structure of all gas leaks;
2) resuspenslon of the manure solids In the
settling basin once they have settled; and 3)
accurately recording gas production. (Flscher-
USDA)
4917-B2, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E3,
Fl
THE CALORIFIC PROJECT. I.
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN
Director of Systems Development, Thermon-
etlcs, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
G. W. Meckert, Jr.
Unpublished paper, 5 p.
Keywords: Recycling, Csttle wastes, Calorific
Recovery Anaerobic Process, Feeds, Energy,
Methane, Fertilizer, Separation techniques,
Anaerobic digestion, Thermonetlcs Inc.,
Design, Economics.
The Calorific Recovery Anaerobic Process Is a
plant which selectively removes and makes
available portions of the constituents of cattle
manure at their highest economic value.
While no one product totally justifies the
entire undertaking, the step-by-stap removal
of feed, then energy, and finally fertilizer
provides a favorable picture. Design of the
process has Incorporated some fundamental
concepts which simplify handling, minimize
energy consumption, maximize thermal effi-
ciency and provide products In readily usable
forms. Mechanical processing Is utilized In
preparation of the process slurry and In Initial
removal of feedstuff fibers. Anaerobic diges-
tion of the smaller partlculate matter relaaoes
the product methane-carbon dioxide gas
mixture which Is further processed to give
pipeline quality gas. Finally, the digester
effluent Is centrlfuged to remove a fine,
fibrous sludge, high In protein and a liquid
fertilizer, rich In nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium, which may be stored and pumped
to adjacent crop lands as desired. To the best
of our knowledge, this plant represent? the
first commercial endeavor to combine the
three phases of feed, energy, and fertilizer
recovery. Numerous efforts have been made
and much background work has been done on
combinations of two of tha phases but these
fall short In the economic optimization of ths
feedstock material. And, It Is not too great a
step to begin to speculate on such a proosss
being utilized on feedstocks other than catile
manure. At present, Calorlflc'8 parent com-
pany, Thermonetlca Inc., la looking at
additional sites for construction of several
more plants. This Is testimony enough as to
the viability of tha process to turn a nuisance
liability into an economic resource. (Meckert-
Thermonetlcs, Inc.)
4918-All, AI2, B3, C2, C3, E3
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO
RUMINANTS
Agricultural Research Council's Poultry Re-
search Centre, King's Buildings, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JS, Scotland
W. Bolton
Vth European Poultry Conference, Malta,
Sept. 5-11, 1976, 7 p.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Dried poultry wastes,
Dried poultry litter, Cattle, Protein, Minerals,
Performance, Flavor, Animal health, Public
health.
Broilers and layers can be housed In cages or
on litter on the floor; there are therefore four
products which can be drlad and used as
animal feedingstuffs. Of these drl&d battery
manure from laying hens (DPM) and drlrd
broiler manure from flocr-reared birds (DPL)
are tha most important. Their major consti-
tuents are readily digested by ruminants. The
wastes are low in available energy but rank as
medium protein sources and are rich In
minerals. Microbiological examinations have
nol revealed the presence of organisms
harmful to stock or stockmen. OPVV has
successfully replaced soya bean meal In the
production diets of dairy oows pro"lded the
level did not exceel 10 percent. DPW and
168
-------
DPI have been included In diets for beef
production at 17.5 percent In replacement of
soya bean meal. The flavour of milk or beef
was not affected by the presence of the
materials In the diets. (Bolton-Agrlcultural
Research Council's Poultry Research Centre)
4919-A11, Bl, C2, E3
SOME ENERGY AND PROTEIN
SOURCES OF THE FUTURE
Agricultural Research Council's Poultry Re-
search Centre, King's Buildings, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FS, Scotland
W. Bolton
4th European Poultry Conference, London,
1973, p. 391-395. 4 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords: Feeds, Poultry, Barley, Trltlcale,
Dried potatoes, Mlcroblal protein, Poultry
processing by-products, Distillery by-pro-
ducts, Maize germ meal, Dried distillery dreg,
Performance.
New sources of poultry food may arise from
the work of plant breeders, from the develop-
ment of new products and from the utilisation
of by-products. Naked (glumeless) barley and
trltlcale (a wheat x rye cross) have been
developed recently by plant breeders. The ME
value of naked barley has been found to be
3050 kcal/kg as compared with 2750 kcal/kg
for normal barley. One • new product is
petroleum-grown yeast which Is somewhat
similar in composition to fish meal, except
that It contains less of the sulphur-containing
amino acids. Among Industrial by-products
are feather-blood-and-offal-meal, maize germ
meal and dried distillery dreg. Feather-blood-
and-offal-meal Is comparable with fish meal in
protein content but contains more fat. Maize
germ meal has 14.4 percent protein and 22.7
percent fat compared with 10.5 percent
protein and 3.8 percent fat In whole maize, but
since It has a lower carbohydrate content than
whole maize the ME value of the two products
is similar. Dried dreg contained 29.1 percent
protein, 7.9 percent fat and has a calculated
ME content similar to that of decorticated
sunflower meal (2125 kcal/kg). The effects of
including these foods In poultry diets are
described. (Bolton-Agricultural Research
Council's Poultry Research Center)
4920-B1, B5, C2, E2
FERTILIZER VALUE OF SWINE
MANURE
Purdue University
A. L. Sutton, D. H. Vanderholm and S. W.
Melvln
Pork Industry Handbook Paper PIH-25,
Cooperative Extension Service, University of
Illinois, 6 p. 5 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Fertilizers, Nutri-
ents, Application rates, Waste storage, Man-
agement.
This fact sheet is Intended to provide the
swine producer with pertinent Information on
(1) the fertilizer nutrient content of swine
manures available for land application, (2)
how to determine manure application rates
and the need for supplementary fertilizer for
maximum crop production, and (3) related
management techniques for maximizing the
fertilizer potential of swine manure on the
farm. Factors affecting nutrient value of
manure are: type of ration fed to swine;
method of manure collection and storage;
amount of feed, bedding and/or water added;
time and method of application; soil character-
istics and type of crop to which the manure Is
applied; and climate. Routine soil tests and
manure analysis are recommended to monitor
the balance of nutrients In the soil, especially
on land receiving heavy manure applications.
Tabular material gives the following Informa-
tion: (1) Approximate nitrogen losses from
swine manure as affected by handling and
storing methods. (2) approximate nitrogen
losses from swine manure to the air as
affected by application method. (3) N, R^Cx
and Kj,O utilization by various crops. (4)
Approximate average (and range) dry matter
and fertilizer nutrient composition of swine
manures at time applied to the land. (5)
Approximate nutrient value of swine manure
per animal unit (1,000-lb. average llvewelght)
per year. A worksheet is provided to help
arrive at proper application rates. (Merryman
- East Central)
4921-A8, B3, B5, Cl, C2, E2
EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE MA-
NURE ON SOIL PROPERTIES
AND CROP GROWTH
T. A. Ruehr
Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University,
Sept., 1976, 150 p. 9 fig., 48 tab., 59 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Land application,
Application rates, Nutrients, Nitrates, Salin-
ity, Bulk density, Soil investigations, Crop
response.
Field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments
using beef cattle feedlot manure were
employed to develop guidelines for soil
application rates and to elucidate the cause of
seedling emergence Inhibition on soils at Fort
Collins, Colorado. Plant populations were
reduced only following the year of manure
application. Annual 112 metric-tons-per-hec-
tare manure applications resulted in maxi-
mum dry matter production for 3 years. Corn
grain production was more adversely affected
by applied manure than was total corn dry
matter production. As the manure application
rate doubled, the percentage of manure
nitrogen taken up by the crop was approxi-
mately halved. Nitrate accumulations In the
2.4 m soil profiles were 118,140, 393, 688, and
1005 kg N/ha after three annual applications
and 233, 317, 620, 484, and 1108 kg N/ha for
the 56, 112, 224, 448, and 897 metric tons/ha
of manure, respectively, 2 years after making
a single residual manure application. The
annual field biodegradable manure for the
Nunn clay loam was equivalent to approxi-
mately 800 kg N/ha or about 90 metric tons of
feedlot manure/ha. Manure applications In
the greenhouse resulted In increasing the soil
salinity, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium and
sodium concentrations and the saturation
paste moisture percentage while decreasing
the bulk density to nearly 1.0 g/cm . Soil
salinity was the single most Important factor
controlling seedling emergence and crop
production. Sodium blcarbonate-extractable
phosphorus Increased approximately 0.6 ppm
for each metric ton/ha. A relative plant
emergence factor was determined and found
to be linearly related to the electrical
conductivity of the soil saturation extracts.
Half lives determined for feces decomposition
in the 1, 5 and 0 atmospheres at each of the
manure application rates. (Published with
permission of University Microfilms Interna-
tional, publishers of DISSERTATION AB-
STRACTS INTERNATIONAL (copyright 1976
by University Microfilms International). May
not be reproduced without their prior permis-
sion)
4922-A8, B3, B5, C2, E2
SOIL AS AN ANIMAL WASTES
DISPOSAL SYSTEM
L. J. Slkora
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho Grad-
uate School, Sept., 1973, 78 p. 18 fig., 13 tab.,
68 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Dairy wastes, Land
application, Soil analysis, Soil chemistry,
Mineralization, Nitrification, Decomposition,
Crop response.
Studies were performed on 40 ft by 80 ft (12.2
m by 24.4 m) plots amended with single
treatments of cattle feedlot wastes or dairy
wastes at levels of 0, 40, 80, and 120 tons per
acre (t/a). Crop yields Indicated that beef
cattle feedlot wastes stimulated bean yields at
80 t/a level of application, but Inhibited at 120
t/a. Soil analyses showed high salts levels to
be the probable reason for inhibition. Dairy
wastes stimulated corn silage yields up to and
Including 120 t/a application. Chemical
analyses of bean plot soil samples showed
Increase in electrical conductivity, estimated
sodium percentage, and chlorides In wastes
amended plots, but not to levels which would
cause the soils to be classified as saline or
alkali. Indications were that organic matter
from the wastes Increased soil permeability
which led to more efficient salts leaching from
the bean plots. Corn plot soil analyses showed
stepwlse Increases In salt levels with increas-
ing amendment, but levels attained were only
moderate and were decreased by Irrigation.
Inorganic nitrogen level trends were similar in
bean and corn plot soil samples with the only
difference being much lower nitrogen levels In
corn plots. Data Indicated active mineraliza-
tion and nitrification processes with an
Inorganic nitrogen peak at ten weeks after
wastes application. Highest levels obtained
were approximately 100 ppm inorganic nitro-
gen in bean plot soil samples. These levels
were not considered excessively high and did
not present an environmental problem in the
first year. Plots receiving higher wastes
amendments had larger carbon:nltrogen
ratios. These ratios tended toward equilibrium
as decomposition proceeded In the field plots.
Analysis of fresh animal wastes decomposi-
tion showed a Phase I decomposition of short
duratlon.and high activity, followed by a long
Phase II decomposition with considerably
lower activity. During Phase I, readily
oxidlzable carbon compounds were decom-
posed and during Phase II more refractory
materials were decomposed. Organic matter
decomposition studies performed on soil
samples from beef cattle feedlot wastes
amended plots and dairy wastes amended
plots showed similar results. Phase I and
Phase II decompositions were observed in
both instances and carbon dioxide evolution
values were roughly proportional to waste
amendment levels. Results showed that
decomposition of livestock wastes organic
matter In soil approximates a first order
reaction and first order equations can be
utilized to predict half lives of livestock wastes
in soil. (Published with permission of Univer-
sity Microfilms International, publishers of
DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNA-
TIONAL (copyright c 1974 by University
Microfilms International. May not be repro-
duced without their prior permission.)
4923-A11, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, E3, Fl
POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRA-
TION AND UTILIZATION: SYS-
TEM DEVELOPMENT AND DE-
MONSTRATION
169
-------
Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan 48824
H. C. Zindel, T. S. Chang, C. J. Flegal, D.
Polin, C. C. Sheppard, B. A. Stout, J. E.
Dixon, M. L. Esmay, and J. B. Gerrlsh
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-77-221, Nov., 1977, 162 p. 26 fig.,
43 tab., 70 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Drying, Dehydra-
tion, Design, Microorganisms, Nutrients,
Moisture content, Economics, Refeedlng,
Performance, Poultry, Cattle.
A manure handling and drying system
involving caged layers with daily manure
collection, air drying, and dehydration in a
flash-type dryer has been studied. Objectives
of the study were to: (1) develop a complete
manure handling system to maximize pollu-
tion control; (2) determine optimum operating
conditions; (3) minimize energy required of
the system; (4) determine certain microbial
and nutritional qualities of the dried product;
(5) be adaptable to commercial poultry
operations; and (6) determine the economics
of the system. The microbial content of the
dried anaphage was as low or lower than that
found in commercial feeds. The anaphage can
be fed to chickens up to 12.5 percent of the
ration, but it has a very low metabollzable
energy content. Up to 75 percent of the
excreta moisture can be removed by use of the
ventilation air. Little odor could be detected
coming from the system. The cost of drying
fresh (75 percent to 80 percent moisture)
caged layer excreta may be high; however, by
utilizing optimum In-house drying techniques,
this cost can be reduced by 80 percent, thus
making dehydration a viable pollution control
alternative for the commercial poultry produc-
tion industry. (Zindle-Mlchlgan State Uni-
versity)
4924-B1, C2, Dl, D3, E2, E3, Fl
POULTRY WASTE MANAGE-
MENT ALTERNATIVES: A DE-
SIGN AND APPLICATION MAN-
UAL
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
J. H. Martin and R. C. Loehr
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-77-204, Oct., 1977, 202 p. 72 fig.,
39 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Management,
Design, High-rise, Undercage drying, Oxida-
tion ditch, Odor control, Biological oxidation,
Waste stabilization, Economics, Fertilizers,
Refeedlng.
Changes In the egg production Industry
during the past 20-30 years have produced
waste management problems which threaten
both water and air quality. Results from a
number of research studies have Identified
two processes — aerobic biological stabiliza-
tion and drying — that provide both odor
control and the reduction of the water
pollution potential of these wastes. In this
manual, the theoretical concepts underlying
each poultry waste management approach are
discussed, and process design methodologies
are presented. Included are design examples
to Illustrate the application of design method-
ologies. A discussion of the Impact of design
decisions on performance characteristics and
computer programs to assist In the process
design for each alternative are also presented.
Both high-rise, undercage drying and aeration
systems are compared to Identify relative
merits and provide economic projections.
Odor control and plant nutrient conservation
capabilities as well as refeedlng potential for
both alternatives are discussed. (Martin-
Cornell)
4925-A1, A3, A8, A9, Bl, C2
MODELING PESTICIDES AND
NUTRIENTS ON AGRICULTURAL
LANDS
Hydrocomp, Incorporated, Palo Alto, Califor-
nia 94304
A. S. Donlgian, Jr. and N. H. Crawford
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-76-043, Feb., 1976, 318 p. 52 fig.,
36 tab., 54 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural Runoff Management
Model, Watersheds, Hydrologlc modeling,
Agricultural runoff, Pollutant pathways, Sim-
ulation, Soil erosion, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Pesticides.
Modifications, testing, and further develop-
ment of the Pesticide Transport and Runoff
(PTR) Model have produced the Agricultural
Runoff Management (ARM) Model. The ARM
Model simulates runoff, snow accumulation
and melt, sediment loss, pestlclde-soll Inter-
actions, and soil nutrient transformations on
small agricultural watersheds. The report
discusses the major modifications to and
differences between the PTR and ARM
Models. An energy-balance method of snow
simulation, and a first-order transformation
approach to nutrient modeling are Included.
Due to lack of data, the nutrient model was not
tested with observed data; testing and
refinement are expected to begin in the near
future. Instrumented watersheds In Georgia
provided data for testing and refinement of
the runoff, sediment and pesticide portions of
the ARM Model. Comparison of simulated
and recorded values Indicated good agree-
ment for runoff and sediment loss, and fair to
good agreement for pesticide loss. Pesticides
transported only by sediment particles were
simulated considerably better than pesticides
that move both In solution and on sediment. A
sensitivity analysis of the ARM Model
parameters demonstrated that soil moisture
and Infiltration, land surface sediment trans-
port, pesticide-soil Interactions, and pesticide
degradation are the critical mechanisms In
simulating pesticide loss from agricultural
watersheds. (Donlgian-Hydrocomp, Inc.)
4926-Al, Bl, El, F4
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICA-
TIONS OF TRENDS IN AGRICUL-
TURAL AND SILVICULTURE.
VOLUME Is TREND IDENTIFICA-
TION AND EVALUATION
Development Planning and Research Asso-
ciates, Inc., Manhattan, Kansas 66502
S. G. Unger and The Tuolumne Corporation
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/3-77-121, Oct., 1977, 210 p. 55 ref.
Keywords: Environmental effects, Agricul-
ture, Crop production, Feedlot management,
Range management, Pasture management,
Silviculture.
Current and emerging trends In U.S. agricul-
ture and silviculture that will have the most
significant environmental Implications In both
the short term (1985) and the long term (2010)
are determined and assessed. Five major
subsectors of agriculture and silviculture were
Included in the analysis: (1) nonlrrlgated crop
production, (2) Irrigated crop production, (3)
feedlot production, (4) range and pasture
management, (5) silviculture and harvest
management. Within each subsector, numer-
ous trends and developments were Identified
and defined by the contractor. Thereafter, an
evaluation workshop comprised of subsector
professionals, from throughout the nation,
evaluated, rated and rank-ordered the most
significant environmentally related trends.
(Unger-Development Planning and Research
Associates, Inc.)
4927-A1, A3, A8, A9, Bl, C2
AGRICULTURE RUNOFF MAN-
AGEMENT (ARM) MODEL - VER-
SION II. REFINEMENT AND
TESTING
Hydrocomp, Incorporated, Palo Alto, Califor-
nia 94304
A. S. Doniglan Jr., D. C. Beyerlein, H. H.
Davis, Jr. and N. H. Crawford
Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA
600/3-77-098, Aug., 1977, 294 p. 84 fig., 17
tab., 28 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff management
model, Model studies, Nonpolnt pollution,
Simulation, Water quality, Land use, Water-
sheds, Sediment production, Pesticides,
Nutrients.
The Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM)
Model has been refined and tested on small
agricultural watersheds in Georgia and
Michigan. The ARM Model simulates the
hydrologic, sediment production, pesticide,
and nutrient processes on the land surface and
in the soil profile that determine the quantity
and quality of agricultural runoff. This report
discusses the research and model refinements
related to soil moisture and temperature
simulation, pesticide degradations, nutrient
transformations, and plant nutrient uptake.
The goal is to evaluate and Improve the
pesticide and nutrient simulation capabilities
of the ARM Model. However, the runoff and
sediment modeling Is also analyzed since
these are the critical transport mechanisms of
agricultural chemicals. In general, compari-
son of simulated and recorded values indi-
cates that the ARM Model can represent the
major processes affecting agricultural runoff
and can be a useful tool for planning and
analysis. However, discrepancies do exist and
point out the need for more testing and
research In specific areas. (Donlgian-Hydro-
comp, Inc.)
4928-A11, B2, C2, E3
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC
NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AND
THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF
CARP FRY IN FIRST REARING
PONDS. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
FACTORS AND THE ZOOPLANK-
TON
170
-------
M. Lewkowlcz and S. Lewkowlcz
Acta Hydroblologlca, V. 18, No. 3, p. 235-257,
1976. 9 fig., 4 tab., 37 ret.
Keywords: Fish farming, Farm wastes, Liquid
wastes, Oxygen content, Zooplankton, First
rearing ponds, Physical properties, Chemical
properties.
The effect of organic and Inorganic nutrient
enrichment on the Increase In carp fry In first
rearing ponds were compared. Doses of liquid
farmyard manure released Into the ponds
every 5 to 6 days Influenced the number and
blomass of the plankton Crustacea. After
Inorganic manuring greater fluctuations In
oxygen content were observed than after
organic manuring. The weight Increase of fish
In organically manured ponds was similar to
that when high Inorganic enrichment was
applied. (Lewkowlcz-Poland)
4929-B2, B3, C2, Dl, D3, Fl
A ROTATING FLIGHTED CY-
LINDER FOR BIOLOGICAL
WASTE TREATMENT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Ore-
gon State University, Corvallls, Oregon
J. R. Miner and I. B. Hanson
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 1, p.
136-141, Jan.-Feb., 1978. 7 fig., 9 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Rotating flighted cylinder, Separa-
tion techniques, Biological treatment,
Slurries, Effluents, Design, Economics,
Chemical properties.
The rotating flighted cylinder was tested as
both a solid-liquid separator and as a
biological waste treatment device. As a
solid-liquid separator, It was demonstrated to
be effective In removing settleable particles
from a dilute slurry and concentrating them
Into a low volume concentrated stream. As a
biological waste treatment device, It effect-
ively combined primary and secondary waste
treatment Into a single unit and produced an
effluent comparable to that obtained from
conventional secondary sewage treatment
dovlces. The main advantages of this device
are Its mechanical simplicity, low power
consumption, and trouble-free operation.
(Miner-Oregon State University)
4930-B2, B4, E2, Fl
MODELING THE EFFECT OF
MANAGEMENT POLICES ON
CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION
CONTROL COSTS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Ore-
gon State University, Corvallls, Oregon
R. M. McDowell, R. B. Wenslnk, and J. R.
Miner
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 1, p.
153-160, Jan.-Feb., 1978. 11 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Computer models, Economics,
Runoff control, Feedlots, Design, Irrigation.
A computerized economic model was devel-
oped and used to estimate the cost of open
feedlot runoff control systems. The model
required market prices of equipment, service,
land, and taxes, and the following basic
engineering design parameters: feedlot area,
design pumping rate, required storage vol-
ume, annual pumplno davs, total disposal
land area, and single day's disposal area. The
model generated Investment and annual
operating costs for standardized runoff control
systems. Charges were estimated for hand
move, side roll, big gun, and traveling big gun
systems with five different pumping rates,
seven management alternatives (with respect
to the timing of disposal), and two disposal
policies on 0.405, 4.05, and 40.5 ha feedlots
(symbolizing 200, 2,000, and 20,000 animal
feedlots, reapectlvely). Results Indicate that
economics of feedlot size exist In controlling
runoff and that pumping capacity could not
economically substitute for reservoir volume.
At most locations, the all-year pumping policy
produced the lowest cost; however, the
additional cost associated with more restric-
tive management policies was not significant.
The hand move Irrigation system was the least
expensive disposal system; big gun was
second, followed by side roll and traveling big
gun. At many locations the cost differences
were not significant for larger feedlot opera-
tions. Costs varied widely between geographic
regions In the U.S., with the humid areas
(Midwest and Southeast) costing more for
runoff control than the more arid locations.
(Lubbock, TX; Pendleton, OR; and Bozeman,
MT). (McDowell-Oregon State University)
4931-A12, B2, E3
FARMING IN WASTE WATER
MAY AID DEVELOPING NA-
TIONS
Anonymous
Foodstuffs, V. 50, No. 16, p. 42, April 24,
1978.
Keywords: Aquaculture, Wastewater reuse,
Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Peru, Thailand, Fish
farming, Public health.
Current Investigations supported by the In-
ternational Development Research Centre,
Ottawa, Canada, will focus on the operating
characteristics of combined treatment and
aquaculture pond systems under a variety of
conditions, and will pay particular attention to
public health concerns for blocking transmis-
sion of disease-causing organisms through the
ponds by the fish raised In them. Institutions
in Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Peru, and
Thailand will investigate fish production and
waste treatment capabilities of stabilization
ponds (shallow rectangular lakes or lagoons
that exploit the natural action of bacteria and
algae to remove human and Industrial wastes
from water). A properly operated stabilization
pond system can remove more than 98 percent
of the fecal collform bacteria In wastewater,
Fish are not known to be susceptible to
Infection by the disease-causing organisms
present In the wastes of warm blooded
humans and animals. However, they may
transmit these pathogens on their scales or as
undigested material In the gut. Furthermore,
little Is known about the accumulation and
possible transfer to consumers of heavy
metals or pesticides In the flesh of fish fed on
Industrial or agricultural wastes that may
contain these pollutants. Specific studies to be
conducted In the various countries are
outlined. (Merryman-East Central)
4932-All, B3, Cl, C2, E3
UTILISATION OF RATIONS CON-
TAINING POULTRY MANURE AS
A PROTEIN SOURCE
Departement Klelnveekunde, Unlversitelt van
die Oranje-Vrystaat, Bloemfonteln, New Zea-
land
H. J. van der Merwe, P. S. Pretorlus, and J.
E. J. du Tolt
South African Journal of Animal Science, V. 5,
No. 1, p. 17-21, 1975. 4 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Rations, Sheep, Refeeding, Dried
poultry wastes, Performance.
Poultry manure (22.5 percent crude protein on
dry basis) obtained from a battery\ operation
was Included In rations consisting of lucerne
hay, maize meal and molasses. The control
ration contained no manure. In three experi-
mental rations, poultry manure replaced the
nitrogen equivalent of lucerne hay In the
control ration to an extent of 33.0, 66.0, and
100 percent resulting In rations containing
14.0, 29.0, and 47.0 percent poultry manure
respectively. From metabolism studies con-
ducted on 28 Merino wethers It was found
that: (a) The voluntary Intake of dry matter
and organic matter, with the exception of the
100 percent replacement of the nitrogen
equivalent of the lucerne hay In the control
ration by poultry manure showed no statistical
significant differences between the remaining
rations, (b) The dally Intake of gross energy
decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as the
percentage of manure In the ration Increased
from 14 to 47 percent. No significant
differences In energy Intake occurred between
the control ration and the ration which
contained 14 percent manure, (c) No signifi-
cant differences occurred among the various
treatments for the dry matter digestibility of
the rations, although the digestibility of the
organic matter, crude-protein, ether extract,
nitrogen-free extract, fibre as well as gross
energy Increased with Increasing levels of
poultry manure, (d) With increasing levels of
poultry manure, the digestible fibre content
tended to decrease and together with the
higher ash content of the poultry manure
rations explained most of the observed
decrease In total digestible nutrient and
digestible energy values of rations with an
Increased level of poultry manure, (e) No
significant differences occurred In the nitro-
gen balance of wethers on any of the
treatments, (f) The results Indicate that the
most effective levels of poultry manure
Included In ration for purposes of production
may lie between 14 and 29 percent, (van der
Merwe-Unlverslteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat)
(Article In German)
4933-A11, C2, D2, D3, E3
PROCESS MANURE FOR RE-
FEEDING
University of Illinois
D. L. Day and E. E. Hatfleld
Prairie Farmer, V. 149, No. 19, p. 12-13, 1977.
Keywords: Refeeding, Animal wastes, Nutri-
ents, Ensiling, Chemical treatment, Cattle,
Performance.
Refeeding of animal wastes seems to be the
most valuable of the methods for utilizing
animal wastes because pollution problems are
eased, feed costs are decreased, and available
nitrogen sources are Increased. Animal
wastes must be harvested frequently to
reduce nutrient losses through nitrogen
volatilization and leaching. The manure must
be processed to Increase palatablllty, destroy
pathogens, and reduce odors. Ensiling and
chemical treatment are the best methods for
preparing wastes for cattle feeding. Both
waste treatment methods have advantages
and disadvantages. Manure should be for-
171
-------
mulated Into animal diets on the basis of
nutritive content. Feeder cattle can tolerate
only about 50 percent of the total manure they
produce as processed waste In their ration.
(Merryman-East Central)
4934-B2, C2, D3
A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIM-
ULATION OF ANIMAL WASTE
DIGESTION
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
D. T. Hill and C. L. Barth
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,
V. 49, No. 10, p. 2129-2143, Oct., 1977. 9 fig.,
8 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Mathematical models. Design,
Anaerobic digesters, Simulation, Volatile
matter, Volatile acids, Ammonia, Tempera-
ture, Nitrogen conservation.
A dynamic model for simulation of animal
waste digestion is presented. Mathematical
model development was iterative, I.e., Initial
steps were developed and output compared to
results of laboratory simulators (12 plexlgias
reactors each containing 1.2 gals). Changes
were made to the model in order to obtain
results that compared more favorably with the
simulators. A final verification of the model
was performed with data collected from
a 1,000 gal pilot scale unit. The final model
produced the best fit with all real data. The
model can predict general trends and may be
semlquantitative or quantitative. Simulations
within plus or minus 10 percent of actual data
have been achieved on most parameters
investigated. The model predicted failure of 4
of the 12 (1.2 gal) simulators. Simulation of
quantitative data was satisfactory for volatile
matter, volatile acids, and ammonium para-
meters. Simulation of the 1,000 gal pilot scale
digester was also acceptable. The model is the
first step in an evolutionary process of
designing models of this kind. It will be useful
for evaluation of current design techniques
and refinements of effective operating proce-
dures for digesters. (Solid Waste Information
Retrieval System)
4935-A1, 32, B3, Cl, C2, C3, D3,
E3, Fl
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR
FEEDLOT UTOPIA
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 16, No. 1, p. 16, 18, March,
1978. 2 fig.
Keywords: Kaplan, Feedlots, Recycling, Re-
feeding, Protein fermentation product, Meth-
ane, Anaerobic digestion, Economics, Feasi-
bility studies, Hamilton Standard, Depart-
ment of Energy.
Don Kaplan, feedlot operator in Bartow,
Florida, is on the verge of accomplishing a
feedlot system which will: convert steer
manure into a high-protein feed, produce from
the manure the power to run his plant (with
excess energy to sell), and provide an
odorless, fly-free completely water-contained
feedlot with no runoff. The technological Input
for this system is being provided to Hamilton
Standard of Windsor Locks, Ct., a division of
United Technologies, which has been study-
ing the anaerobic fermentation process for
seven years. The Department of Energy
recently awarded a research grant of $938,000
to Hamilton Standard and Kaplan Industries
to build the first full-scale conversion plant for
10,000 head of cattle at the Kaplan feedlot to
produce a 25 percent protein feed supplement
called protein fermentation product (PFP) and
to produce methane gas. This first of three
reports concerning this conversion plant
discusses the PFP portion of the recycling
system. In a single cell anaerobic fermenta-
tion system, the protein of the raw stock
(manure) is upgraded from 10 percent to
roughly 23-25 percent. If PFP is considered as
having 60 percent of the protein content of
cottonseed meal, It Is worth about $80 per ton.
One of the major reasons that the Department
of Energy funded the system, besides proving
it technologically feasible, was to prove the
economic viability so that other feedlot
operators will want such a system - not only
because It will make them environmentally
secure, but because they can make a profit
from It. The Hamilton Standard process costs
about $100 per head. (Merryman-East
Central)
4936-A6, A7, B2, Fl
GRAVITY-DRAIN SYSTEM
D. J. Meyer
Confinement, V. 2, No. 10, p. 23, Nov.-Dec.,
1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Swine wastes,
Odor, Air pollution, Gravity-drain systems,
Design, Economics.
Three alternatives are available for removing
liquid manure from farrowing and nursery
units more frequently to prevent odor and
pit-gas buildup. They are: dump-tank flush,
mechanical scraper, and gravity-drain sys-
tems. The latter is simple to operate and
competitive In price with the other 2 systems.
It adapts well to new concept of multi-room
operations. The shallow trenches located
under partially slotted farrowing crates or
partially slotted nursery pens are Y-shaped
with a 12"-deep and 6"-wlde gutter in the
bottom. When the gutter Is filled, a plug Is
pulled to let the manure drain to a sump,
where it is pumped via a small-non-clog
sewage pump to a storage unit, or It can be
drained directly Into the storage unit. Specific
design parameters are given. A company has
started prefabricating the trenches (gutter
and side slope is 1 piece) out of 3/16" PVC
plastic. Cost per linear ft is less than forming
the trenches out of concrete. An advantage Is
the smooth sides and bottom, which are
permanent. A disadvantage Is the plastic
trench can only be produced with a 32" depth.
This means the maximum width of slotted
area is 36". (Merryman-East Central)
4937-A4, AS, Bl, Cl, C2, C3, E2
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT AND OUR WATER
QUALITY
Animal Science Department, Purdue Univer-
sity, West Lafayette, Indiana
A L. Sutton
Journal Paper No. 6508, Department of
Animal Sciences, Purdue Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, 1977, p. 81-90. 24 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Groundwater
pollution, Non-point sources, Feedlots, Agri-
cultural runoff, Leaching, Pasture, Manage-
ment, Nutrients, Bacteria.
Research concerning the potential effect of
livestock production as a non-point source of
water pollution Is discussed. Results of
research studied have been quite variable and
sometimes conflicting. Livestock operations
can contribute to non-point source water
pollution by: runoff from manured land,
leaching nutrients from manured land, leach-
Ing nutrients from earthen feedlots, and
pasture management systems. Potential pol-
lutants Include nitrogen components, phos-
phorus, Inorganic salts, solids, organic matter
and certain bacterial organisms. Research has
shown that applications of animal manure to
frozen ground, to ground with vegetative
cover or to rough plowed ground, In some
cases, can affect the quality of surface runoff.
Proper management practices and common
sense can significantly reduce the threat of
surface runoff contamination. If livestock
manure is managed wisely with applications
to cropped land at rates that the growing
plants can utilize available nutrients, there
will be minimal nutrient buildup and down-
ward movement In the soil and minimum
leaching Into groundwater. Feedlot and soil
type are Important considerations in avoiding
a possible leaching of nutrients Into ground-
water from earthen feedlots. Virtually no
research has been conducted on the Influence
of pasture systems on non-point water
pollution. Good management is the best
insurance against pollution of water from
pasture and range systems of livestock
production. Very little research has been
conducted in the Midwest under Indiana
climatic and soil conditions. (Merryman •• East
Central)
4938-A1, B2, B4, E2
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF
LIVESTOCK WASTE LAGOONS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Pur-
due University, West Lafayette, Indiana
D. D. Jones and A. L. Sutton
Cooperative Extension Service Publication
ID-120, Purdue University, 1977, 14 p. 9 fig.,
3 tab.
Keywords: Lagoons, Livestock wastes, De-
sign, Construction, Operation, Dewatering.
Following are guidelines to help Insure
adequate design, proper construction, suc-
cessful operation and problem-free dewater-
Ing of a livestock waste lagoon. Don't take
short cutsl (1) Use gravel rip-rap around the
water line on steep-sloped banks to prevent
erosion and control weeds, since weeds
around the water's edge are a potential
mosquito breeding site. (2) Landscape the
lagoon area and keep It neat to provide for an
attractive farmstead. Seed the banks with
low-growing, spreading grasses and keep
them mowed. Sheep and goats can be grazed
on slopes too steep to mow. (3) Fence the
lagoon to keep out livestock, children and
trespassers. Keep the gate locked and post
warning signs. (4) Locate the lagoon Inlet as
far as possible from the overflow pipe In a
two-stage facility or the irrigation Intake in a
single-stage structure. (5) Set markers on the
interior lagoon bank to indicate: (a) bottom of
the freeboard volume level and (b) top of the
minimum design volume level. The first
marker provides a gauge for the addition of
dilution water and shows when to start
dewatering; the second marker shows when to
stop pumping at end of dewatering. (6) If
possible, start up anew lagoon In the spring to
permit a good bacterial culture to develop
during the summer months. (7) Load the
lagoon at least once a week but with only small
amounts of waste at each loading. (8) Keep
172
-------
copper and other feed additives toxic to'
bacteria out of the lagoon or at minimumj
levels. (9) Avoid lagoon overflow that might I
result In surface water pollution problems.
This means dewaterlng when the water level
reaches the bottom of freeboard. Then pump
the lagoon down only to Its minimum design
volume so that some biological "seed"
remains. (10) If odors are a problem, Irrigate
lagoon effluent In the fall after crop removal
and in early spring before lagoon tempera-
tures rise significantly. (11) Consider Irriga-
tion dewaterlng during dry periods to give the
growing crops needed water as well as'
nutrients. Then after Irrigating with the
lagoon water, If possible, Irrigate again with
clean water to wash off the plants and to clean
the irrigation equipment. (12) Don't Irrigate
during plant pollination, when soils are wet or
In the hottest part of the day to prevent
wilting. Also, don't Irrigate during "still"
weather when there Is no breeze to carry odors
away or If winds are blowing toward
residences. (13) Size Irrigation equipment so It
will handle the effluent without danger of
plugging and will fit In well with your
particular labor situation. (14) Determine land
application rates on the basis of nitrogen In
the lagoon effluent and/or the water Intake
rate of the soil. (Jones-Purdue University;
Merry man, ed.)
4939-A11, B3, C2, C3, E2
BROILER FERTILIZED FESCUE A
MIXED BLESSING
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 433, p. 152, March,
1978.
Keywords. Broiler litter, Fertilizers, Pasture
lands, Cattle, Grass tetany, Nematodes.
Fertilization of pasture lands with broiler litter
may cause a grass tetany problem. Grass
tetany in cattle grazing on fescue pasture
heavily fertilized with broiler litter, occurs at a
higher rate among cov/s lacking sufficient
daily magnesium. The disease tends to occur
during the cool season while the cow grazes
fescue and other cool-season grasses such as
rye and wheat. Grass tetany can be minimized
by fertilizing fescue pastures with broiler
litter at the rate of 9 metric tons or less per
acre per year. This amount should be divided
into 2 or more applications per year. In one
study, calves grazing on broiler litter fertilized
fescue had the lowest nematode egg count of
calves on different pastures. This was
attributed to the more lush growth which
reduced the need for the animals to eat grass
close to the ground. (Merryman-East Central)
4940-A1, Bl, Dl, D2, D3, E3, Fl
COST EFFICIENCIES OF LARGE-
SCALE INTEGRATED DAIRY
PRODUCTION AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Department of Agricultural Economics,
Washington State University
S. C. Matulich, H. F. Carman, and H. O.
Carter
California Agriculture, V. 32, No. 3, p. 8-10,
March, 1978. 2 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Regulation, Dairy Industry, Chlno
Basin, Model studies, Economics, Compost-
ing, Anaerobic digestion, Refeeding, Inciner-
ation.
This report focuses on the Impact of waste
control regulations on the cost structure and
future economic viability of dairies In the
Chlno Basin east of Los Angeles. Fourteen
single-parlor dairies with capacities ranging
from 375 to 1200 cows for two milking shifts
were modeled. Short-run average costs were
estimated for each of these model dairies. A
combination of single-parlor dairies Into
multiple-parlor configurations yielded 15
more dairies In the 1200 to 3600 cow range.
Four waste disposal treatment processes were
analyzed as having "good" volume reduction,
stabilization, and resource recovery capabili-
ties. Three of these — composting, anaerobic.
digestion, and refeedlng - are biological
processes; the fourth, Incineration, Is a
physical /chemical process. Both semi-auto-
mated milking systems and group-feeding
programs offer potential efficiencies for large-
scale dairies. The dry lot/lnclneratlon system
was the least-cost dairy housing/waste dis-
posal alternative considered. According to the
analysis presented In this study, enforcement
of environmental quality controls need not
raise the costs of dairy production in the long
run. (Merryman-East Central)
4941-A11, B3, C2, E3, Fl
DRIED POULTRY MANURE
BENEFITS DAIRY COWS
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 16, p. 12, April 17,
1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Dehydrated poultry
manure, Dairy cattle, Performance, Milk
production, Nitrogen, Economics.
Dehydrated poultry manure, which is not
registered for commercial use by the Food and
Drug Administration, may provide a new
source of dietary nitrogen for lactatlng dairy
cattle. In tests performed by Dr. C. C. Calvert
and Dr. R. L. King, four groups of six Holstein
cows were fed diets consisting of a corn-soy-
bean meal concentrate supplemented with
either 2 percent urea, 17.2 percent dehydrated
poultry excreta, 26 percent dehydrated poul-
try excreta or additional soybean meal. All
diets contained 24 percent crude protein. The
concentrates were mixed with corn silage. The
concentrates and silage each provided 50
percent of the dry matter in the diet. All cows
consumed about the same amount of feed. But
those fed the 17.2 percent dried poultry
excreta supplemented diet produced 8 percent
more milk than cows on the urea supple-
mented diet and 7 percent more milk than
cows on the 26 percent dried poultry excreta
or soybean meal diet. Based on the cost of
concentrate per kilogram of milk produced,
the dehydrated poultry excreta diets were
about 11 percent less expensive than either of
the other two diets. (Merryman-East Central)
4942-A8, AH, B2, B3, C2, D3, E2
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION
OF POULTRY MANURE WHICH
WAS SUBJECTED TO DIFFER-
ENT WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS ON YIELD AND QUAL-
ITY OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES
C. J. Peter
M.S. Thesis, Cornell University, Jan., 1976,
222 p. 30 fig., 115 tab., 73 ret
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Land application,
Fertilizers, Grasses, Crop response, Applica-
tion rates, Raw wastes, Oxidation ditch
wastes, High rise house wastes, Soil chemical
properties, Ammonium, Phosphorus, Potas-
sium, Magnesium, pH, Grass tetany, New
York.
Study objectives were to evaluate the effect of
different waste management systems (raw,
oxidation ditch and high rise house) and
commercial fertilizer on selected chemical
characteristics of the soil, to determine the
effects of the different treatments on crop
yield and to evaluate the effects of treatments
on crop quality. The experiment was con-
ducted over a two year period. The grasses
used In the study were bromegrass, orchard-
grass, and timothy. Application rates varied
from 0 to 400 pounds N per acre during the
course of the experiment. Treatments were
applied four times: in the spring of 1974, after
the first cutting of 1974, In the fall of 1974, and
in the spring of 1975. The treatments raised
the ammonium and nitrate concentration of
the soil for approximately one month. Soil
phosphorus and potassium also Increased.
The higher the application rate, the greater
the Increase. The poultry manure treatments
had no effect on soil pH. Commercial fertilizer
gave significantly greater yields than did the
poultry manure sources when applied at
equivalent rates of nitrogen. Raw manure
produced the highest yields of the three types
of poultry manure used. No significant
difference was found between the yields
produced by plots receiving oxidation ditch or
high rise house manure. The percent nitrogen
and potassium In the grasses were Increased
by Increasing the rate of application. Treat-
ments had no effect on the percent phos-
phorus, calcium and magnesium. Increasing
the rate of nitrogen applied decreased the
total water soluble carbohydrate content of the
forage. Indicators of grass tetany based on the
chemical composition of the forage predicted
grass tetany was possible at the time of the
first harvest In 1974. However, the occurrence
of grass tetany In New York will probably be
minimal because most cattle receive feed
supplements high in magnesium. The nitrate
levels found In the forage were not considered
hazardous to animal health. (Merryman-East
Central)
4943-B1, B4, C2, E2, Fl
DAIRY CHORE REDUCTION
PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
R. L. Maddex, L. Shull, T. L. Loudon, and C.
H. Shubert
Dairy Chore Reduction Conference, Cleve-
land, Ohio, March 14-16, 1977, 18 p 4 tab.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Management, De-
sign, Waste collection, Waste storage, Waste
transfer, Land application, Labor, Costs,
Chemical properties.
Initial project efforts were focused on Inten-
sive observations and data collection on 15 to
20 farms where specific Investments had been
made for changing waste handling systems for
pollution abatement or prevention. Design
criteria used in system planning were exam-
ined. The second phase of the study
concerned additional methods or components
in waste handling. The third phase focused on
operational aspects of on-farm waste handling
systems. The fourth phase of the project has
been laboratory analysis, bench tests on
manure characteristics, library review of
research reported, and follow-up on some of
173
-------
the more specialized practices. Project per-
sonnel have visited more than 200 farms to
observe waste handling systems In operation
and to talk with farmers, equipment suppliers
and various agency people about waste
handling systems and operational practices.
Design criteria findings were reported In
progress reports In 1975 and 1976 at Dairy
Chore Reduction Programs. This progress
report focuses on phases 3 and 4 of the
project. It was found that farm operators often
evaluate and describe waste handling systems
on an operational basis and associated waste
handling systems with the type of equipment
used to transfer manure to the field. Labor
requirements and Investment costs are prime
factors In waste handling system selection.
The medium size farm operation has been the
largest purchaser of recently developed
manure handling system components. There
is a need to better describe and encourage
total manure handling systems for the farm
operator. (Merryman-East Central)
4944-B1, C2, D3, E3, Fl
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM
POULTRY MANURE
P. Vohra
California Agriculture, V. 32, No. 4, p. 12,
April, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Recycling, Anae-
robic digestion, Methane, Economics.
Work Is being conducted at the University of
California to produce blogas from poultry
manure. The digester being used hac a 100
cubic foot capacity and consumes 70 to 210
pounds of organic matter weekly. Six to seven
cubic feet of gas are produced per pound of
organic matter. The product Is 65 percent
methane. While the mechanics of methane
generation have been mastered, at present
methane from poultry manure Is not an
economical energy source. Also, large vol-
umes of liquid residue are created by the
process which would cause disposal problems
on any large-scale production system. A joint
project with University of California agrono-
mists to determine the fertilizer value of this
liquid waste is being planned. (Merryman-
East Central)
4945-A8, B2, B3, B5, C2, E2
EFFECTS OF SOLID AND LIQUID
BEEF MANURE AND LIQUID
HOG MANURE ON SOIL CHAR-
ACTERISTICS AND ON
GROWTH, YIELD, AND COM-
POSITION OF CORN
West Central Minnesota Experiment Station
S. D. Evans, P. R. Goodrich, R. C. Munter,
and R. E. Smith
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 4,
p. 361-368, Oct -Dec., 1977. 7 fig., 6 tab., 24
ref
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Swine wastes, Liquid wastes, Solid wastes,
Corn, Crop response, Soli chemical proper-
ties, Sodium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas-
sium, Magnesium, Manganese, Calcium.
Study objectives were: (1) to determine the
effects of heavy applications of solid beef,
liquid beef, and liquid hog manure on corn
growth, plant and grain composition, and
yield and (2) to determine the effects of the
manure applications on soil properties. Solid
beef liquid beef, and liquid hog manures
were applied at 224, 636, and 636 metric
tons/ha (wet weight), respectively, for 2
successive years to a soil cropped to corn.
Residual effects of the manure applications
were studied for 2 additional years. Manure
treatment effects were compared to effects of
an Inorganic fertilizer treatment and a check
treatment. Corn grain yields were not
significantly affected by high rates of solid
beef, liquid beef, and liquid hog manures
when compared to an Inorganic fertilizer
treatment. Yields on the manured plots were
maintained at a high level for 2 additional
years without inorganic fertilizer applications.
All 3 manure treatments increased levels of N,
P, and K and decreased levels of Caand Mg In
the corn. P, K, and Mn concentrations In the
ear leaves were at an "excess: level In some
instances. The NO3'-N from the manure
decomposition and ammonium nitrification
moved rapidly through the soil and was found
below 150 cm by the end of the second
cropping year. Additional downward move-
ment occurred In the third cropping year.
Sodium levels were Increased by all manure
treatments and the Na leached rapidly
through the soli. P and K levels were
increased by all manure treatments, but the
Increase was confined to the plow layer. The
study indicated that 2 heavy annual applica-
tions of these 3 types of manure were
excessive resulting In significant NOs move-
ment below the rooting depth of corn. The salt
levels were not high enough to decrease
yields, but continued applications would
probably do so. (Merryman-East Central)
4946-AS, 33, C2, E2
MANURE MANAGEMENT IN AN
IRRIGATED BASIN RELATIVE TO
SALT LEACHATE TO GROUND
WATER
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural
Engineering, University of California, River-
side, California 92521
P. F. Pratt, S. Davis, and A. E. Laag
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 4,
p. 397-402, Oct.-Dec., 1977. 7 fig., 2 tab., 10
ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Solid wastes, Irriga-
tion, Leaching, Cations, Salts, Calcium,
Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium.
Data from a four-year experiment with animal
manures were extrapolated to a hypothetical
Irrigated basin to test the effects of (1)
distribution of manure within the basin, (2)
export of manure from the basin, and (3)
water management on leaching of the salts
added in Irrigation waters and manures. The
experimental plan had two parts. The first was
a comparison of 6 treatments with animal
manures, including a check treatment, each at
2 rates of application of Irrigation water on
Hanford soil. The second was a comparison of
one manure treatment (79 metric tons of dairy
manure on a dry weight basis per ha per year)
on three soils at 2 Irrigation rates. In all cases
3 replications were used. Plot size was 15 m by
15 m, with guard areas of the same size. The
cropping sequence, consisting of barley In the
winter and sudangrass In the summer, went
through 4 complete cycles. Leachate volumes
for the higher water treatment were aboul
double those for the lower water treatment,
except for the Hanford soil at the highest
manure rate, where the difference between
the 2 water treatments was only 25 percent.
Also, the leaching volume was consistently
lower for the Ramona and Domino soils than
for the Hanford soils. Large amounts of Ca, K,
and Mg were accumulated In the soil, but
there was a net loss of Na. Practically no K
moved beyond the 1.5 m depth. As the rate of
manure increased, the percent leaching of the
cations added In water and manures de-
creased. Extrapolation of the field data to a
18,200 ha Irrigated basin and a production of
364,000 metric tons of dairy manure per year
revealed that the amount of salt leached to
groundwater In the basins could be reduced
by applying the manure at relatively high
rates on a fraction of the Irrigated land and by
export of manure from the basin. However,
reductions were small in comparison to the
effects of Irrigation water management to
obtain small leachate volumes. It might be
viable to concentrate manure on soils having
low water transmissivlties which yield low
leachate volumes with most Irrigation syst-
tems. :Merryman-East Central)
4947-A11, B2, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, D3,
E3
METHANE AND BIOMASS PRO-
DUCTION SYSTEMS FOR BEEF
CATTLE MANURE
U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-
ARS, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
A. G. Hashimoto, R. L. Prior, and Y. R. Chen
Great Plains Extension Seminar on Methane
Production from Livestock Manure, Liberal,
Kansas, Feb. 15, 1978, 25 p. 5 fig., 8 tab., 13
ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Anaerobic di-
gestion, Methane, Refeedlng, Shesp, Perfor-
mance, Model studies, Centrlfugatlon, Ash,
Amino acids.
This presentation has summarized the re-
search being conducted at the U.S. Meat
Animal Research Center to convert livestock
manure into methane and a high protein feed
ingredient by thermophilic anaerobic fermen-
tation. The pilot scale fermentor Is 5.7
m? with working volume between 5.1 to 5.4
m . Fermentation was started by adding fresh
beef manure to previously heated tap water
and maintaining the pH above 7. Gas
production increased dramatically within nine
days after start up, demonstrating the relative
ease In Initiating anaerobic fermentation of
livestock manures. The fermentor was oper-
ated at 5^C; 20, 12, 6 and 3 days' retention
times; and loading rates of 3.4, 5.2, 11.4 and
22 kg VS/rrf /day. The results showed that the
total solids, volatile solids and COD reduction
decreased as the retention time decreased;
the fixed solids and total nitrogen were not
lost during fermentation: and the total gas and
methane production Increased as the retention
time decreased. Kinetic constants for the
generalized substrate utilization model (Chen
and Hashimoto, 1977) were determined and
were in close agreement with previously
reported results. Experimental results agreed
well with values predicted by the model. High
protein biomass from the fermentation is
being recovered through centrifugatlon and
by direct Incorporation Into the ration. Centrl-
fugatlon recovers 45 to 51 percent of the
suspended solids and 18 to 23 percent of the
organic nitrogen. Further adjustments and
studies are planned to increase the capture
efficiency of the centrifuge. Advantages of
direct incorporation of the effluant In the
ration are 100 percent utilization of the
effluent and nitrogen. Possible disadvantages
are high ration moisture content and more
feed production than the number of animals
174
-------
needed to produce manure for the fermenta-
tion. Amlno acid analysis shows that the
fermentor effluent compares favorably with
soybeans and that the1 centrlfuged cake
compares favorably with alfalfa hay. Lysine
and methlonine are relatively abundant
essential amino acids In the fermentor
effluent, but hlstldlne may be a limiting amlno
acid. Feeding trials using dried centrifuge
cake showed that the digestibility of dry
matter, organic matter, and nitrogen tended
to decrease slightly as the amount of cake in
the ration increased. The greatest change was
in the ash digestibility, which decreased from
59.5 percent in the control to 28.4 percent In
the ration containing 20 percent cake. The
relatively Inefficient utilization of the ash may
present one of the major problems In
effectively utilizing the blomass as a feedstuff.
Preliminary results of the feeding trial using
fermentor effluent mixed with corn and hay
show that the fermentor effluent Is utilized as
well as soybean protein. (Hashlmoto-U.S.
Meat Animal Research Center)
4948-A11, B3, C2, E3
VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NU-
TRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE
MADE OF POULTRY DROPPINGS
AND GREEN MAIZE
Animal Nutrition Survey Sheme in Assam,
Assam Agricultural University, Gauhatl, India
N. N. Pathak, D. V. G. Krishna Mohan and S.
K. Ranjhan
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, V. 45, No.
12, p. 934-937, Dec., 1975. 5 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Refeeding, Cattle,
Nutrients, Performance
An attempt was made to find out the voluntary
intake and nutritive value of silage prepared
using poultry droppings, green maize and
molasses. The silage was prepared by mixing
40 parts of poultry droppings, 50 parts of
chaffed green maize and 10 parts of molasses
on fresh basis and allowed for 6 weeks
autofermentation In sealed metallic cylinders.
The silage was fed ad lib. to 3 cross-bred male
calves for 5 weeks. A metabolism trial was
conducted after 4 weeks of feeding to
determine the nutritive value of silage. The
crude protein content of the silage was 15.5
percent and gross energy/g was 4.15 Kcal on
dry basis. Average voluntary consumption of
dry matter from silage was 2.76 kg/100kg live
weight. Average digestibility coefficients of
dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude
fibre, nitrogen-free extract and total carbo-
hydrates were 52.4, 53.2, 77.7, 55.4, and
58.5, and 57.8 respectively. The digestibility
and metabolizabllity of energy were 55.6 and
47.4 percent respectively. The DCP and TON
contents of silage were 8.24 and 44.41 percent
respectively, on dry-matter basis. The concen-
tration of DE and ME per kilogram of dry
matter of silage was 2.32 and 1.98 Meal
respectively. The body weight of the calves
remained constant at the beginning and at the
end of the experimental period of 5 weeks.
(Pathak, Assam Agricultural University)
4949-A9, B3, C2
RESIDUE CONTENT OF BEEF
FEEDLOT MANURE AFTER
FEEDING DIETHYLSTILBES-
THOL, CHLORTETRACYCLINE
AND RONNEL AND THE USE OF
STffiOFOS TO REDUCE POPU-
LATION OF FLY LARVAE IN
FEEDLOT MANURE
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsvllle,
Maryland 20705
T. S. Rumsey, R. W. Miller, and D. A. Dlnlus
Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, V. 6, No. 2-3, p. 203-212, 1977. 7
tab., 22 ref.
Keywords: Fly control, Feedlots, Cattle
wastes, Feed additives, Dlethylstllbestrol,
Chlortetracycllne, Ronnel, Stlrofos, Larvl-
cldes, Residues
Two beef cattle feedlot experiments were
conducted to determine the amount of certain
agricultural chemicals that are likely to be
found in both fresh and stored feedlot manure
and to investigate fly control in this manure.
In experiment 1, diethylstilbestrol (DES),
Chlortetracycllne (CTC), and ronnel were used
as feed additives. Fresh manure, stored
manure, runoff water, manure weathered on
pasture, and soil from pasture fertilized with
manure were analyzed for these additives.
Stirofos was added to fresh manure as a
larvicide for fly control. In experiment 2, the
residue aspects of DES and CTC were
repeated. In this experiment, Stlrofos Instead
of ronnel was fed with DES and CTC. Sixty-
eight percent of the DES fed to cattle
appeared in fresh manure and 52 percent in
manure stored for 12 weeks. Comparable
percentage values were 17 and 11 percent for
CTC and 13 and 3 percent for ronnel;
somewhat less DES and CTC were found
when a concentrate diet was fed. Detectable
amounts of DES, CTC, and ronnel were not
found in runoff water, weathered manure, or
soil. Adding an emulslfiable concentrate
formulation of Stlrofos directly to manure at a
rate of approximately 45 ppm of wet manure
completely controlled the larvae of house fly
(Musca domestica L.) whereas feeding stlrc-
fos at a rate of 1.5 mg per kg of body weight
daily reduced larval counts 82 percent In
manure from forage-fed heifers and 63
percent in manure from concentrate-fed
heifers. Stirofos was not detected In runoff
water, weathered waste, or soil. (Rumsey-
USDA)
4950-A3, A8, B3, C2, E2
MANURE EFFECTS ON WATER
RUNOFF QUALITY FROM IRRI-
GATED GRAIN SORGHUM
PLOTS
USDA Southwestern Great Plains Research
Center, Bushland, Texas 79012
A.C. Mathers, B.A. Stewart, and J.D.
Thomas
Soil Science Society of America Journal, V. 41,
No. 4, p. 782-785, 1977. 1 fig., 8 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Farm wastes, Land
application, Crop response, Irrigation, Water
intake rates, Soil-water-plant relationships,
Agricultural runoff, Nutrients, Grain sor-
ghum
Study objectives were to determine the effect
of manure on: (1) the advance and Intake of
furrow-applied Irrigation water, (2) crop ylald,
and (3) the quality of runoff water. Feedlot
manure treatments of 0, 22, and 67 tons/ha
(wet weight basis) were applied annually on
Feb. 16, 1972, May 16, 1973, and Feb. 14,
1974 to Pullman clay loam. Additional
treatments were 67 metric tons manure/ha
manure applied the first year only and 224-kg
N/ha/year as anhydrous ammonia. Grain
sorghum was grown In two 30-cm spaced rows
on each bed for 3 years. Irrigation water was
applied at equal rates (38 lltsrs/mln.) to each
furrow. During the first year manure rates had
little effect on Irrigation water advance.
However, water advance decreased as the
manure rates Increased the second and third
years. Water Intake and grain yields were
higher on manure- than on ammonia-treated
plots. Incorporating manure into soil did not
significantly Increase NOyN or Cl In runoff
except when rain fell on nearly saturated soli.
Phosphorus was low In all runoff samples.
(Merryman-East Central)
4951-A3, A4, 31, C2, C3, F4
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RE-
SULTING FROM UNCONFINED
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana
71272
J. W. D. Robblns
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-046, Feb., 1978. 34 p. 10 tab.,
34 ref.
Keywords: Environmental effects, Uncon-
flned animal production, Cattle wastes, Sheep
wastes, Swine wastes, Pasture, Range, Non-
point sources, Water pollution, Agricultural
runoff
This report outlines and evaluates current
knowledge related to environmental effects of
unconflned animal production. Animal species
directly addressed include cattle, sheep, and
hogs. All available data Indicate that pollutant
yields from pasture and rangeland operations
are not directly related to the number of
animals or amount of wastes Involved. Rather,
these nonpolnt source problems are Intimately
related to hydrogeological and management
factors and are best described as the results of
the erosion/sediment phenomenon. Uncon-
flned livestock production can cause changes
In vegetative cover and soil physical proper-
ties that may result In Increased rainfall runoff
and pollutant transport to surface waters. The
most common stream water quality result Is
elevated counts of Indicator bacteria. In-
creased levels of Inorganic and organic
sediments with associated plant nutrients and
oxygen demands may result from problem
areas. These areas are usually only a small
portion of the total production system and are
readily identified by observation. Generally
the pollutant levels from the remainder of the
production site are not discernible from
background levels. If other changes, such as
those affecting groundwater quality, occur,
they are of no environmental consequence. A
major challenge remaining is to demonstrate
cost-effective routes toward achievement of
various levels of pollution control from
unconflned animal production. (Robblns-
Loulslana Tech University)
4952-B3, C2, Dl, D2, D3, E3
CONVERSION OF CATTLE
FEEDLOT MANURE TO ETHY-
LENE AND AMMONIA SYNTHE-
SIS GAS
175
-------
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 70409
W. J. Huffman, J. E. Halllgan, and R. L.
Peterson
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-026, Feb., 1978, 63 p. 10 fig., 8
tab., 52 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Recycl-
ing, Energy, Agricultural wastes, Organic
wastes, Fluldlzed bed processors, Chemical
reactors, Ammonia, Ethylene.
An Investigation was undertaken to scale-up a
partial oxidation reactor to evaluate the
potential for producing an ammonia synthesis
gas from cattle feedlot residue. The synthesis
gas from the reactor can be further processed
to produce ammonia using existing, commer-
cial technology. During this phase of the
study, a 2.5 meter long, falling-bed reactor
was designed, constructed, and operated
along with supporting feed and recovery
equipment; manure feed rates to the reactor
ranged from 7.7 to 23.6 kilograms per hour.
The results show that significant yields of an
ammonia synthesis gas and ethylene can be
produced In the same reactor when the system
Is fed with a mixture of air, steam, and
manure. This study and earlier bench-scale
experiments (EPA-680/2-74-090) show that
the product gases are compatible with both
ethylene and ammonia synthesis gas produc-
tion. (Huffman-Texas Tech University)
4953-A9, El, D2
SELECTIVE MORTALITY OF IN-
SECTS IN MANURE FROM CAT-
TLE FED RABON®AND DEVDLIN®
Department of Agricultural Biology, The
University of Tennessee, Knoxvllle, Tennes-
see 37901
C. W. Cook and R. R. Gerhard!
Environmental Entomology, V. 6, No. 4, p.
589-590, 1977. 1 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Insect control, Insecticides, Feed
additives, Cattle wastes.
Rabon ~ and the Insect growth regulator,
Dln-ilHn® were fed to pastured beef cattle In
Tennessee. Manure pats were sampled bi-
weekly from Apr.-Sept. Twenty-four species
of insects were recovered. Of the 16 species
that were analyzed, only 3 [Musca autumnal/s
DeGeer, Ravlnla sp and Sphaerldium scara-
baeoldes (L.)) were reduced in manure from
treated cattle. One species, Ataenlus sp.
increased In Rabon treated manure pats.
Manure pats from Rabon and Dlmllln treated
cattle were slower to decompose than pats
from untreated cattle, but all pats had
decomposed after 8 wk. Tunneling by S.
scarabaeo/des was significantly reduced by
both treatments (Cook-University of Ten-
nessee)
4954-B3, Cl, C2
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
FEEDLOT MANURE
Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523
G. M. Ward, T. V. Muscato, D. A. Hill, and R.
W. Hansen
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 7, No. 2,
p 159-164, April-June, 1978. 4 tab , 23 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Unsurfaced feed-
lots, Concrete feedlots, Chemical properties,
Residence time.
This paper describes chemical composition of
feedlot manure collected over' short time
periods In order to simulate the effects of
frequent collection for Industrial uses of
manure. Manure samples were collected
during a 10-month period from a feedlot with
conventional pens and pens In which about
one-half the surface was covered with
concrete. Samples were collected from the
front, middle, and rear of each pen. Average
percentages of 139 samples on a dry matter
basis were: dry matter, 58.5; ash, 37.0; total
N, 2.32; neutral detergent fiber, 45.9; acid
detergent fiber, 39.7; hemlcellulose, 6.29;
cellulose, 9.78; llgnln, 7.67; and ADF Insol-
uble ash, 25.3. Average pH was 7.09. Average
percentages on a dry matter basis for 63
manure samples were: Na, 0.51; P, 0.54; and
K, 1.35. Ash content of samples collected
from concrete surfaces were 12.2 percent
lower than the other samples because of less
mixing with soil. Residence time of manure In
the feedlot did not have a predictable effect
upon manure composition. (Merryman-East
Central)
4955-A8, B3, C2, E2
NITRIFICATION AND DENITRI-
FICATTON IN CATTLE MANURE-
AMENDED SOIL
USDA, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, Colorado
80522
W. D. Guenzl, W. E. Beard, E. S. Watanabe,
S. R. Olsen, and L. K. Porter
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 7, No. 2,
p. 196-202, April-June, 1978. 7 tab., 34 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Nitrification, Denltrlflcatlon, Application
rates, Sorghum, Soil chemistry.
This 39-day greenhouse study was designed to
add'^NOj- and lfNH>+ to soil as a tracer with
and without manure amendments to provide
information on (I) the Influence of the
micro-environment on nitrification and denl-
trlficatlon by analysis of O,, N,O, and "N en-
riched N , and (II) N recovered from a cropped
and uncropped soil. The two fertilizer N
sources (g*N(-W4SCV(28.31 percentlfN) and
KurNOA(28.16 percent '»N) at 200 ug N/g of
soli, and cattle manure at rates of 45 and 90
metric tons/ha (dry weight) were utilized. One
set of treatments was uncropped and the other
set was seeded with sorghum. Denltrlflcatlon
products were detected in the soil gases from
the NOj and NH,*treatments at manure levels
of 45 and 90 metric tons/ha. Except for the
initial detection of NZO Immediately after
wetting the soil In all manure treatments, only
the Noj.- treatment showed NaO production
with time. Recovery of total N from cropped
and uncropped soil without manure ranged
from 92 to 105 percent, with no significant
difference between fertilizers for each treat-
ment. There was significantly more N
recovered from the cropped than the un-
cropped treatment. In the manure treatments,
more N was recovered from the 45 than from
the 90-metrlc ton/ha treatment. Study results
suggest that gaseous loss of N by denltrlflca-
tlon could occur after large amounts of
manure are applied to field soils. (Merryman-
East Central)
4956-A9, 32, C2, D2, D3
RESPONSE OF COLIFORM
POPULATIONS IN POULTRY
WASTE DIGESTERS TO THREE
INSECTICroES
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631
P. E. Balllngton, H. D. Skipper, and R. 0.
Hegg
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 7, No. 2,
p. 262-264, April-June 1978. 2 fig., 10 ref.
Keywords: Pest control, Insecticides, Car-
baryl, Dlmethoate, Dichlorvos, Poultry
wastes, Digesters, E coll, Enteric conforms,
Dle-offs.
This study was performed to determine If
carbaryl, dlmethoate, and dichlorvos could be
responsible for dle-offs of E. coll In poultry
waste digesters. A pure culture and a digester
effluent slurry system were used to test
several concentrations of these Insecticides
against E. col/ and other enteric conforms. In
the pure culture study, carbaryl at 1 or 40
ppmv showed no significant effect on E, coll
population levels when compared with the
control flasks. Consequently carbaryl was
used only In this experiment. Results did
Indicate that residues of organophosphate
insecticides (dlmethoate and dichlorvos) used
for fly control in layer houses can significantly
reduce the enteric conforms which are
essential in the conversion of organlc-N to
inorganic N in poultry waste effluent. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4957-32, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF
MANURES AND MILKING PAR-
LOR WASTEWATER
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
C. L. Barth and R. O. Hegg
Paper No. 77-4537, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 21 p. 11
fig., 5 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Aerobic treatment,
Anaerobic treatment, Lagoons, Southeast
U.S., Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Volatile solids degradation, Sludge
accumulation rates, Separation.
This study was undertaken to increase the
knowledge of the character of wastes from the
dairy operation, to determine the compatabil-
ity of dairy wastes to lagoon treatment, and to
compare results of laboratory lagoon simula-
tors to lagoons In a field situation. Results of
aerobic and anaerobic lagoonlng of dairy
manure and parlor waste water under
laboratory conditions were evaluated and
compared with results of field studies on
full-scale anaerobic dairy lagoons. It was
determined that: (1) Of the total flow of
wastewater from the milking parlor, about Vs
is produced from the rnilking operation, V4
from the cleanup after milking, and 1/6 from
the washing of the bulk tank. (2) In the
common dairy management scheme described
In this report, about 40 percent of the manure
falls on the pasture or exercise paddock, 45
percent on the cow feed yard, 12 percent in
the holding area, and 2 percent In the milking
parlor. (3) Laboratory simulators of anaerobic
lagoons have limited usefulness In predicting
the VS degradation and sludge accumulation
rates to be anticipated with dairy manure
under field conditions. The major shortcoming
is the relatively short period of operation of
the simulators in the laboratory compared to
176
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field operations. (4) Increasing milking parlor
wastewater detention time to 100 days
significantly Increases the VS degradation
rate and decreases the sludge accumulation
rate. (5) Sludge accumulation rates In anaero-
bic dairy lagoons In the Southeast are about
2.5 to 3.3 cc/g TS or about 5.6 to 8.5 m3 (200 to
300ft.') per 590 kg (1300 Ib.) cow per year. (6)
Addition of solids separation of dairy waste-
water processing will greatly Increase the life
expectancy of a new lagoon or extend the life
expectancy of an existing lagoon. (Bates-East
Central)
49S8-A1, B2, Dl, D2, D3, E4, Fl
HARVESTING ALGAE FROM
LAGOON EFFLUENT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
E. P. Lincoln, D. T. Hill, and R. A. Nordstedt
Agricultural Engineering, V. 59, No. 5, p.
16-17, May, 1978. 5 fig.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Lagoons, Waste
treatment, Flocculants, By-product recovery,
Algae, Settling, Drying, Economics
At the University of Florida Swine Research
Unit, algae are grown In 4 unllned parallel
earthen channels which lie at the foot of a low
south-facing slope. The channels are con-
nected by culverts at alternate ends to form a
single continuous course 160*m long. Each day
8000 L of anaerobic lagoon effluent is
gravity-fed Into the first channel. The Incom-
ing medium requires at least 4 days to travel
the channels to the harvest point. The culture
is semi-continuous and operates essentially as
a plug-flow reactor with the harvest occurring
at the downstream end. To harvest the algae,
a 2.5 hp centrifugal pump draws off surface
water from the last channel at 400 L/mln.
American Cyanlmld's Magnlfloc 509-C, a
chemical flocculating agent, Is then fed Into
the intake line; the pump action achieves a
thorough mixing. The mixture Is discharged
into a cylindrical tank 4 m In diameter by 1 m
deep with a cement floor sloping to a conical
center well. Separation is accomplished by
autofloatatlon. After the algal slurry is
collected In a second settling tank, It Is either
acidified to remove the flocculant and then
resettled or it is pumped directly onto the
drying tables. The slurry may take one to six
days to dry to a 12 to 15 percent me,
depending on thickness of the slurry, type of
flocculant, and air temperature and humidity.
The final product consists of hard green flakes
which are odorless and essentially tasteless.
They can be stored Indefinitely at normal
room temperatures and are easily ground to
any texture. Amlno acid content Is very
similar to that of soybean meal. The producer
who now feeds 70 percent more protein
nitrogen than he markets might, with such a
recycling scheme, recoup some of his feeding
expense while reducing pollution potential ol
the animal wastes. (Merryman-East Central)
4959-Al, B3, D2, D3, Fl
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYS-
TEMS
Department of Agricultural Engineering
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign'
Illinois '
H. C. Kim, W. Mayeda, and D. L. Day
Paper No. 77-4031, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Raleigh, North
Carolina, June 26-29, 1977, 18 p. 9 fig., 7 ref.
Keywords: Graphical analysis, System analy-
sis, Signal flow graph, Farm flow graph,
Mason formula, Equations, Chemical treat-
ment, Formalin, Biological treatment, Waste-
lage, Odor control, Pathogenic bacteria, Pala-
tabillty, Nutrients, Economics
This study deals with a graphic technique In a
theoretical system analysis by Introducing a
signal flow graph. A chemical treatment and
wastelage process are used to describe this
method. Chemical treatment Is a process In
which formalin Is added to raw manure
(Hatfleld, 1974). The wastelage process Is a
biological treatment In which hay Is added to
raw manure and then ensiled (Anthony, 1969).
Both processes are aimed at controlling odors,
killing pathogens, Increasing palatabillty, and
providing nutrients. A topological technique
gives a simple method of comparing the
energy expense of wastelage and chemical
treatment. (Kim-University of Illinois)
4960-A4, A7, Bl, F2
FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL
GUIDELINES
Extension Agricultural Engineer, The Texas
A&M University System, College Station,
Texas
J. M. Sweeten
Feedlot Pollution Control Guidelines, Texas
Agricultural Extension Service, Texas A&M
University, 1974, 12 p. 4 fig.
Keywords: Feedlots, Texas, Permits, Regula-
tion, Water pollution, Air pollution, Manage-
ment, Guidelines
The state and federal requirements for water
pollution control and solid waste management
for feedlot operations are discussed. Also
presented are some guidelines to use In
obtaining necessary permits for feedlot opera-
tion, which include the following: (1) With
engineering assistance, prepare preliminary
plans for the feedlot and waste handling
system. (2) Arrange an on-slte meeting
involving agency representatives, your en-
gineer and yourself to decide what controls
are needed. (3) Prepare final plans for the
feedlot waste management system, Incorpora-
ting decisions and agreements reached in step
2. (4) Submit application forms and docu-
ments to the regulatory agencies. (5) Publicize
public hearings on each application as
desired. (6) Attend public hearings, repre-
sented by attorney and engineer. (7) Accom-
panied by legal and technical representatives,
attend state board meetings at which applica-
tions are considered for adoption. (8) Initiate
construction In accordance with terms and
conditions of permits. In general, feedlots
with over 1000-head capacity must obtain
permits prior to construction. Air pollution
control guidelines are also enclosed. (Bates-
East Central University)
4961-B2, D3
VEGETATIVE FILTER TREAT-
MENT OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Uni-
versity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
E. C. Dickey, D. H. Vanderholm, J. A.
Jackobs, and S. L. Spahr
Paper No. 77-4581, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 13 p. 6
fig., 3 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Vegetative filter systems, Feed-
lots, Agricultural runoff, Dairy wastes, Cattle
wastes, Swine wastes, Corn Belt, Design,
Overland flow, Graded terrace, Channelized
flow
A study was conducted In Illinois In 1975 to
evaluate 4 vegetative filter systems designed
to treat feedlot runoff. One of the systems was
installed on the University of Illinois dairy
farm, where construction and management
could be carefully controlled and monitored.
The other 3 systems were being used at
commercial beef and swine production facili-
ties. Research objectives were to: (1) Deter-
mine whether vegetative filters represent a
feasible way of managing feedlot runoff In the
Corn Belt. (2) Identify the configuration most
likely to be successful for the range of
conditions encountered. (3) Develop design
standards and management recommendations
for the successful use of vegetative filter
systems. At all four locations used, the basic
system consisted of a settling facility, a
distribution component, and the vegetative
filter area. The 2 types of vegetative filters
used were broad overland flow and graded
terrace (serpentine-waterway) both of which
combine Infiltration, dilution, and filtration to
produce an effluent suitable for discharge.
Pollutant reduction and design criteria for
overland flow systems are presented. Chan-
nelized flow systems appear to be less
effective than overland flow systems, requir-
ing much greater flow length for a similar
degree of treatment. Design criteria for
channelized flow systems will be developed
later. (Bates-East Central)
4962-B3, C2, E3
FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO
RUMINANTS
Agricultural Research Council's Poultry Re-
search Centre, King's Buildings, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh, EH9, 3JS, Scotland
W. Bolton
Proceedings 5th European Conference, Malta
1976, p. 533-538 9 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Refeeding, Rumi-
nants, Dried poultry wastes, Dried poultry
litter
Poultry are maintained under three systems of
management: open range, on litter and in
cages. Caged birds produce undiluted ma-
nure. Manure from birds on litter is diluted by
the litter. Manure from birds on range can be
collected only from the area used for roosting.
It may or may not be diluted. Birds In cages
and on litter may be growing chickens or
laying hens. There are therefore 4 products
which can be dried and used as feedstuffs for
animals. Of these, caged layer manure (DPW)
and floor-reared-broller manure (DPL) are
produced In the largest amounts. DPW and
DPL compositions are variable and depend
upon the diet fed, the rate of production, and
the length of time between excretion and
drying Poultry wastes have been determined
to be suitable for feedstuffs for ruminant
animals. Ruminants can obtain protein and
energy from DPW and DPL and the Inclusion
of DPW and to a slightly smaller extent DPL,
in ruminant diets permits reductions in the
amounts of vegetable protein used. Such
inclusion in diets for dairy cows or beef cattle
177
-------
does not Impart an adverse flavor to the
product marketed. There remains, therefore,
the question of acoeptlblllty by the farmer and
consumer. Resistance at present Is of 2 kinds:
the material offered Is very variable In
composition, therefore reformulation Is neces-
sary for each parcel; and the names are
wrong. (Merryman-East Central)
4963-A11, B3, C2, C3, E3, Fl
THE USE OF DRIED POULTRY
WASTES AS FEEDINGSTUFFS
ARC Poultry Research Centre, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland
W. Bolton
ADAS Poultry Quarterly Journal, p. 25-37,
March, 1975. 10 tab.
Keywords: Dried poultry wastes, Refeedlng,
Animal health, Bacteria, Drugs, Feed addi-
tives, Ruminants, Performance, Economics.
The refeedlng potential of dried poultry
wastes Is examined. Provided the process Is
properly carried out and that reoontamlnatlon
with fresh material does not occur, there
should not be any risk of spreading disease.
Harmful bacteria do not seem to be a very big
threat. A more serious hazard could be the
presence of residues of drugs or growth-pro-
moting substances. To counter this, It Is
essential that the operator of a drier accepts
only DPW that comes from birds which are not
offered diets containing such substances.
When litter is dried the number of hazards
Increases. Hazard due to the presence of wood
splinters that can perforate the gut, hazard
from growth-promoter or antl-coccldlal drug
residues, and hazard from residues In the
wood must be taken Into account. Refeedlng
of poultry wastes to ruminants would seem to
merit consideration. In terms of dairy cattle,
experiments have Indicated: (1) DPW In-
creased the milk yield when It was Included in
the diet at 10 percent but It reduced It when
the level of Inclusion was 20 percent. (2) Milk
quality, whether assessed by chemical compo-
sition, odor or taste was not affected by levels
as high as 20 percent. (3) DPW was an
economical Ingredient at the 10 percent level.
Refeedlng to beef cattle would also seem
feasible. Reaction from the general public
should be assessed. Thus, the name under
which the product Is marketed Is very Import-
ant. (Merryman-East Central)
4964-A6, A 7, Bl, C2, F4
DETECTING AND MEASURING
MALODOHS FROM ANIMAL
WASTES
ARS, USDA, Pullman, Washington
L. F. Elliott, J. W. Doran, and T. A. Travis
Scientific Paper No. 4713, Nebraska Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Lincoln, Nebraska
In cooperation with Soil, Water and Animal
Waste Management Research Unit, North
Central Region, Agricultural Research Ser-
vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1976,
21 p., 2 tab. 31 ref.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Odor, Measure-
ment, Wet chemistry, Gas chromatography,
Analysis, Chemical compounds
This paper describes odor-measurement tech-
nology, methods of approach, and areas
where cure research is needed. The nose, wet
chemistry, and gas chromatographlc detection
methods have been used to measure odors
and gaseous emissions. Olfactory evaluation
is widely used for detection and evaluation of
odors but is neither quantitative nor selective
in determining odor components. Most wet-
chemical techniques suffer from a lack of
detection sensitivity and specificity. Gas
chromatographlc (GC) techniques can be used
to detect much lower ambient concentrations
of odor compounds. All olfactory and analyti-
cal odor measurements have limitations and
presently, none are simultaneously rapid,
simple, Inexpensive and reproducible. Direct
aerial evaluation of emissions with odor
correlations warrants further Investigation.
Success may be gained through measurement
of total aerial N, S, NH3and/or non-NHyN
levels. Specific absorbents may provide
promising approaches. The use of cloth strips
or similar techniques combined with GC
analysis provides Interesting possibilities. If
chemical or Instrumental methods are devel-
oped Into a workable system, meaaurements
taken must be conducted under strictly
controlled and measured conditions, and must
be correlated with odor panels. (Bates-East
Central)
4965-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
THE LAMAR BIO-CONVERSION
PLANT DESIGN
Bio-gas of Colorado, 342 E. Third Street,
Loveland, Colorado 80537
J. Burford, Jr. and F. T. Veranl
Energy Potential Through Blo-converslon of
Agricultural Wastes, Four Corners Regional
Commission, 1976, 25 p. 7 fig.
Keywords: Bio-conversion, Anaerobic diges-
tion, Cattle wastes, Recycling, Methane,
Refeeding, By-product recovery, Algae,
Wastewater reuse, Economics.
This paper addresses the evolution of design
and present status of a large-scale anaerobic
digestion facility proposed for the city of
Lamar, Colorado to provide methane gas to
the city's electric utility plant and cattle
feedstuff to area feedlots. This Is the second
phase of research funded by the Four Corners
Regional Commission designed to demon-
strate the viability of a blo-converslon
industry. The project has yielded positive
results in all areas of concern. The conversion
of organic matter to methane gas has been
documented for cattle waste from the site area
at an average yield of 3.54 standard cu. ft. of
methane/Ib. of organic matter (volatile
solids). The bid on construction of the Lamar
plant Is $9,842,000. Algae research accom-
plished during Phase II has definitely estab-
lished the ability of the proposed algae ponds
to reduce dissolved solids concentration In
dlgestor effluent from a level of approximately
10,000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l or below, enabling
the plant process water to be recycled. A
significant achievement during this phase of
the work has been the development of the
anaerobic residue as a cattle feed material.
The pricing range being considered for the
residue Is $66 to $75/ton of dry matter. The
financial analysis of the plant's operation
(1977 cost basis) Indicated that If residue Is
sold at a price of $66/ton and in the amount of
31,700 tons/year, then the Lamar power plant
can be provided with a net 296,750 MCF/year
gas supply at a cost of $0.98 / MCF. A positive
Impact on business activity in the Lamar area
as a result of the bio-conversion plant Is
predicted. (Bates-East Central)
4966-A6, A7, B2, C2, D3
EFFECT OF SURFACE AERA-
TION ON GASES EVOLVED BY A
SWINE-WASTE ANAEROBIC
LAGOON
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
B. Parker and R. J. Smith
Paper No. MC-77 704, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Mid-Central Regional
Meeting, St. Joseph, Missouri, March 25-26,
1977, 19 p. 7 fig., 5 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Lagoons, Anaerobic
conditions, Aerobic conditions, Odor, Hydro-
gen sulflde, Ammonia, Temperature, Gas
production, Aeration.
A study was conducted to measure the major
components of the gases given off by a
swine-waste anaerobic lagoon, Including two
potential odor compounds, H-S and NH». An
attempt was made to determine the effect of
minimum surface aeration on these gases,
especially the odor Indicators. In order to trap
gases without covering the entire lagoon, an
8-ft diameter stock tank was inverted and
floated near the center of the lagoon.
Polyethylene tubes were attached to 2 gas
ports on the tank. One of the tubes was
connected to a wet-test meter, and quantita-
tive gas measurement began. Lagoon and air
temperatures were monitored by single dally
readings with a hand-held thermometer.
Lagoon liquor was recycled from beneath the
cover, through a pump, and back underneath
the cover. Air was Introduced through a
controlled inlet on the suction side of the
pump. Pressure under the tank cover and In
the line was something less than Vt Inch of
water pressure above atmospheric. Gas
production varied from 0.25 to 2.15 ft*/day.
Gas-production rate was rising when measur-
ing started on April 1, 1976. The rate
Increased rapidly until the end of the third
week in April. It then started to decline
rapidly leveling off somewhat during June.
During July and August, It stayed relatively
constant, beginning to decline again In late
September and dropping off rapidly in
October. By November, the gas production
was barely detectable. Average lagoon temp-
erature during the summer months when the
gas production was relatively constant was
about 78" F. Average animal-waste loading
into this lagoon during the summer months of
May, June, and July came from approxi-
mately 535 pigs of an average weight of the
125 Ib. Though the power requirements of the
aeration equipment were relatively high, the
oxygen-transfer efficiency was around 75
percent. Under steady-state conditions, odors
could be significantly decreased using sur-
face-aeration techniques. (Merryman-East
Central)
4967-B3, C2, E2, Fl
FEEDLOT MANURE CAN BOOST
IRRIGATED ALFALFA YIELDS
Anonymous
Beef, V. 14, No. 9, May, 1978.
Keywords: Feedlot wastes, Land application,
Alfalfa, Crop response, Fertilizers, Phosphor-
us, Economics.
Spending $15 to $20 per acre annually for
commercial fertilizer or manure to get $275
worth of alfalfa has been found to be a
profitable swap. Without adequate phos-
phorus, weedy grasses which thrive on the
nitrogen produced by the alfalfa begin to take
over. Greenhouse experiments have revealed
that phosphorus In manure produces more
178
-------
alfalfa than the same amount of phosphorus In
superphosphate. Feed lot manure contains 1.4
to 1.8 percent phosphate as P,0f. Don Qoss,
USDA Soil Scientist, says lhat If treble
superphosphate (0-46-0), the most commonly
used phosphate fertilizer, Is $140 a ton or 15
cents a pound for phosphate, 120 pounds of
phosphate plus one dollar per acre application
for a six-ton alfalfa crop costs $19 a year. Cost
for 3 years will be $57. Eleven tons of manure
will do the same job better. If manure can be
applied at $5 a ton or less, It Is the best buy.
(Merryman-East Central)
4968-A11, B3, C2, E3
LAYERS IMPROVE WITH DPW
Anonymous
Poultry Industry, p. 15, July, 1976. 3 tab.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Poultry, Dried poultry
wastes, Performance, Egg quality.
Studies conducted at the Agricultural Re-
search Council's Poultry Research Centre,
Edinburgh, Scotland, Indicate that lower
mortality and Improved egg production can be
obtained when dried poultry waste Is refed at
up to 20 percent Inclusion. However, shell
weight and thickness decreases as the level of
dried poultry wastes In the diet Increases.
(Merryman-East Central)
4969-A11, Bl
FLOOR MATERIALS FOR SHEEP
HOUSING
Department of Animal Science, University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champalgn, Illinois
J. M. Lewis, M. H. Wallace, A. J. Muehllng,
and F. C. Hinds
Update 77: A Research Report of the Dlxon
Springs Agricultural Center, DSAC 5, Jan.,
1977, p. 157-162. 7 fig., 2 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords: Slotted floors, Sheep, Confine-
ment pens, Flooring materials, Cleaning
ability, Appearance, Animal health, Alumi-
num, Stainless steel, Plastic.
A pole type shed 20 ft x 108 ft was remodeled
in 1975 to be used as a lamb feeding unit.
Spaces were constructed to accommodate
sixteen 8 ft x 10 ft elevated portable floor
units. Different flooring materials were eval-
uated for use as slotted floors In confinement
rearing systems for sheep. Floors were
compared for cleaning ability, effects on
animal mobility, injuries, and appearance.
Types of floors compared Included: (1) high
profile aluminum serrated slat 3-Vi Inches
wide, (2) low profile aluminum ribbed slat
3-'/2 Inches wide, (3) Industrial grating (grid)
with Vz Inch x 3 Inch openings (4) Safe-T-
Mesh with 3/4 Inch openings (5) stainless
steel full slat plank, and (6) plastic slats. Study
results indicated that the diet has a major
influence on the cleaning ability of some
floors. The wider slats (3'/z to 5 inches) can be
used but -may accumulate objectionable
amounts of waste. Flooring material does not
seem to affect animal gain. Aluminum floors
cleaned well when used by lambs receiving a
high haylage diet, Indicating that these floors
may work well when the feed Is mostly
forages. The high profile slat with the serrated
surface and the low prof lie slat with the ribbed
surface both accumulated objectionable
amounts of waste when used by lambs
receiving more concentrate In their diets. Thu
grid floor also accumulated some waste but
cleaned well under the prevailing conditions.
Under most conditions, the stainless steel
floor cleaned well when animal concentrations
were near optimum. The low profile aluminum
floor did not clean as well as the Safe-T-Mesh
floor. The 5 Inch plastic slat did not clean
adequately. (Merryman-East Central)
4970-A8, B3, E2
EFFECTS OF BEEF CATTLE MA-
NURE ON WATER-STABILITY OF
SOIL AGGREGATES
Department of Agronomy, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
A. P. Mazurak, L. Chesnln, and A. A. Thljeel
Soil Science Society of America Journal, V. 41,
No. 3,p. 613-615, 1977. 1 fig., 1 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Land application,
Soli cores, Soil aggregates, Dispersion
analysis.
A study was conducted to determine the effect
of recent addition of varying amounts of
manure on (1) the size of distribution of
water-stable aggregates and (2) the resistance
of soil aggregates from manured and nonma-
nured plots to dispersion In water during
prolonged shaking periods. Plots selected for
determining the stability of aggregates In
water were treated with manure at rates of 0,
180, and 360 metric tons/ha/year and tilled to
a depth of 0 to 10 cm. Sorghum-sudangrass
hybrid was planted in the first year. Corn was
planted for 2 successive years. A year after
the third manure application, six soil cores
were taken in each plot from a depth of 0 to 10
cm. The cores were composited, passed
through a sieve with 9,440 jum openings, and
air dried. A 15-g sample of aggregates
4,760-9,440 jUm In diameter was wetted under
vacuum. Aggregates were shaken In water for
2, 20, and 200 minutes. The aggregates were
In water for 220 minutes. A combination of
sieves, elutnators, and pipette was used to
measure the size distribution of aggregates In
water. It was found that Increased rates of
manure application increased the percentage
of water-stable aggregates > 295 .urn In
diameter and decreased the percentage In size
groups 18.5-295 jum and < 18.5 jjm in
diameter after 2-and 20-mlnute shaking
periods. Distribution of aggregates present
after 200 minutes of shaking was not affected
by levels of manure application to the field
plots. The large amounts of manure added
during this experiment did not have sufficient
time to produce soil aggregates that were very
water stable. The Inherent water stability of
soil aggregates Is associated with a long-time
conversion of organic matter to humus.
(Merryman-East Central)
4971-B3, Cl, C2, D2, D3, Fl
A STUDY ON THE INTERAC-
TIONS OF ENZYMES WITH MA-
NURES AND SLUDGES
School of Biology, Chemistry and Ecology,
State University of New York, College of
Environmental Science and Forestry, Syra-
cuse, New York
L. Theoret, R. Hartenstein, and J. J. Mitchell
Compost Science, V. 19, No. 1, p. 29-32,
Jan.-Feb , 1978. 1 fig., 2 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Horse wastes,
Sludges, Waste treatment, Enzymes, Econo-
mics.
The practicability of using enzymes In
manures and sludges was examined. Samples
of an aerobic sludge digest, anaerobic sludge
digest, cow manure, and horse manure were
reacted with either cellulase, or llpase, or
papaln (a protein), or horseradish peroxldase
plus methyl hydrogen peroxide, or a marketed
worm media amendment which reportedly
contained cellulase, amylaae, protease, and
lipase. The following conclusions were drawn:
(1) No preparation exhibited an Increase In
rate of oxygen uptake strictly as a function of
enzyme catalysis. (2) Whenever an enzyme
stimulated oxygen uptake, It did this regard-
less of whether the enzyme was Intact (active
to begin with) or denatured. (3) Significant
quantities of protease, lipase and peroxldase
were inactivated or destroyed In the course of
interacting with the sludges and manures. (4)
Significant quantities of cellulase remained
active In the course of Interaction. It was
concluded that perhaps most freely soluble
extracellular enzymes which are added to
compost material are rapidly destroyed, and
that the application of these preparations to
worm beds is economically unsound, since
they can only provide a nutritional benefit.
(Merryman-East Central)
4972-B1, C2, D3, E3, E4, Fl
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR
FEEDLOT UTOPIA: PART TWO
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 16, No. 4, p. 4, 6, April, 1978. 2
fig.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Recycl-
ing, Methane, Carbon dioxide, Dry ice,
Electricity, Energy, Economics.
The second step of Hamilton Standard's
recycling process which Is being used at Don
Kaplan's feedlot Is conversion of the diluted
cattle waste Into a gas which Is 60 percent
methane and 40 percent carbon dioxide. Two
320,000 gallon tanks will be built at the facility
to handle the waste from 10,000 head of cattle.
The bio-conversion process will be kept at 120
degrees on a 24-hour basis. As the organic
matter ferments, the evolving gases will be
tapped off. The gas will replace 88 percent of
Kaplan's fuel needs. Eventually Kaplan
should have surplus energy to sell to Bartow,
Florida. After the conversion plant (funded by
the Department of Energy) is built and has
operated successfully for one year, the plant
will become the property of Don Kaplan. At
that time, Kaplan will consider the process to
purify the methane gas by removing the
carbon dioxide. The methane will be more
acceptable as a saleable product and the
carbon dioxide will have more value than the
methane for the production of dry ice which
the packing plant needs and the Florida citrus
industry would be glad to buy. Another Idea Is
to use the methane to generate electricity, a
process which wouldn't be too expensive and
which would make a better energy source for
Kaplan and for resale. Hamilton Standard
suggests that lots with less than 4,000 head of
cattle would not find this management system
economically viable. (Merryman-East Central)
4973-B2, C2, D3, E3
KAPLAN'S BLUEPRINT FOR
FEEDLOT UTOPIA: PART THREE
179
-------
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 16, No. 5, p. 1, 36, May, 1978. 2
fig
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Wastewater treat-
ment, Wastewater reuse, Lagoons, Aerobic
treatment, Anaerobic treatment, Algae, Fish
farming, Tilapia.
The liquid fraction from the anaerobic
fermentation process being utilized at Don
Kaplan's feedlot and up to 400,000 gallons a
day of wastewater from the packing house is
piped Into a series of anaerobic and aerobic
lagoons made from the holes left by phosphate
miners. It is all gravity moved from the first
lagoon on through the series. The first of six
anaerobic ponds has scum on It. The next five
are algae farms. After the water goes through
the six ponds, It goes by gravity through 75
acres of very shallow ponds which are aerobic.
Thus, the water is totally purified except for
the algae and some dissolved nitrogen and
phosphorus which can't be removed In this
manner. Much of the water Is recycled to the
cattle as drinking water. It Is chlorinated. The
remainder of the water is spray irrigated over
100 acres of cropland. Three aerated ponds
are used for raising a type of fish known as
tllapla. As theaigae floats through the system
by gravity and comes to the ponds where the
fish are, the fish eat the algae thereby
harvesting It from the water. Once a year,
commercial fishermen come in with nets and
net out the fish. Twenty brood fish are thrown
back to restock the ponds. The fishermen filet
the fish, sell the filets for human consump-
tion , and then give back the bones and residue
which goes to Kaplan's rendering plant at the
packing house. The remains are thus con-
verted into fish meal protein supplement
which Is fed back to the cattle. (Merryman-
East Central)
4974-A6, B2, B3, D3, E2
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING
METHODS: TREATMENT AND
USE OF FABM YARD MANURE
AND SLURRY
Research Institute of Biological Husbandry,
Oberwil, Switzerland
H. Vogtmann and J. B. Eesson
Compost Science, V. 19, No. 1, p. 15-19,
Jan.-Feb., 1978. 4 fig., 7 tab., 19 ref.
Keywords: Farmyard manure, Slurries, Fer-
tilizers, Waste treatment, Aerobic conditions,
Anaerobic conditions, Composting, Tempera-
ture, Odor.
In every kind of farming system, farm-pro-
duced fertilizers should be the most Important
product for maintenance of good soil fertility.
The literature Is reviewed for methods for
handling farmyard manure and slurries. All
methods of preparation of farmyard manure
lead to loss in nitrogen, which occurs as
ammonia due to evaporation or leaching. Loss
of nitrogen varies considerably depending on
kind of treatment. The differences between
anaerobic and aerobic treatment (composting)
or partial aerobic treatment have been found
to be about 15-25 percent as compared to
20-35 percent. The Influence of composted
farmyard manure on crop yield has not been
examined extensively. Compost has a number
of positive effects, which are usually not taken
into consideration, because the main concern
is generally given to macro- and micro-nutri-
ent. These effects include Improvement of
physical soil structure, reduction of leaching
of nutrients, and reduced soil erosion. At
present, on most European farms, slurry Is
collected and stored In closed underground
tanks. Aeration of slurry at temperatures of
approximately 30-40 C Is gaining ground In
the farming community. Methods Include: (1)
surf ace aeration - slurry Is thrown In the air in
fine bubbles for saturation with oxygen, (2)
sucking aeration - sucking air into the slurry
and mixing both with speed propellers, and
(3) injector aeration slurry Is pumped in
pipes to a certain height and when falling
down It sucks air through a valve, which Is
then mixed with the slurry In the pipe by
certain devices, Such aerobic treatment
reduces bad odors during storage and
application of slurry. Factors conducive to
optimum aeration of slurry are: (1) Sufficient
organic matter In the slurry and therefore an
optimum C/N-ratlo for good bacterial growth.
(2) Optimum aeration with air In small
bubbles to allow maximum solution of oxygen
In the slurry, utilizing a minimum Input of
energy, and (3) Optimum shape of slurry tank
to eliminate danger of anaerobic zones (round
tank). (Merryman-East Central)
4975-B2, B4, C2, Fl
MANURE CONTAINMENT:
SLURRY WITH THE CRUST ON
TOP
Associate Editor, Confinement
J. Dawson
Confinement, V. 3, No. 4, p. 8-9, April, 1978.
1 fig.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Slurries, Waste
storage, Covered storage, Nitrogen loss,
Economics.
According to Conrad Gilbertson, "livestock
residues stored at 60 percent to 70 percent
moisture are practically odorless. At 88
percent to 90 percent, they're putrid."
Nevertheless, economics seem to dictate that
the wastes be handled as a liquid. The
problem is that by the time the wastes are
pumped out of the average anaerobic lagoon,
livestock residues have lost 75 percent to 80
percent of their nitrogen through degradation
and volatilization. Consequently, pressures
are mounting on all sides to Improve methods
of residue removal and storage. One option Is
covered storage — above ground, above-and-
below, or below the surface. Three general
types of covered storage in Canada are
concrete stave (which Isn't durable enough),
monolithic concrete, and steel. Whether
above-ground storage Is concrete or steel, the
basics are the same — collection, storage, and
disposal. For collection there Is a below-
ground pit into which the slurry Is scraped or
slushed and from which It is pumped to a
storage tank. The tank may be either top- or
bottom-loading, though the latter Is becoming
more popular, especially in colder climates
where freezing can be a problem. None of the
above-ground tanks are roofed, but a crust
does form on top, effectively sealing in gases.
Descriptions are given of the Slurrystores of
glass-coated steel produced by A. 0. Smith of
Arlington Heights, Illinois and of a radically
different type of sealed storage which is
produced by Envlronmetics of Brldgeview,
Illinois. The latter is rather like a gigantic
plastic bag lying in a rectangular pit 7 feet
deep with 2-1 slopes. (Merryman-East
Central)
4976-A6, A10, B3, E3
THE POTENTIAL OF BROILER
LITTER AS FUEL
T. R. C. Rokeby and R. D. Mayo
Arkansas Farm Research, V. 27, No. 2, p. 14,
March-April, 1978. 1 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Broiler litter, Fuel, Incineration,
Heating, Brood houses, Odor, Files.
A possible source of heat for brood houses Is
the direct burning of poultry litter. In 1976, a
study was made to determine the fuel heat
value of poultry litter. Samples were taken
from 12 broiler houses and heat values were
analyzed by using "Standard Methods for
Laboratory Sampling and Analysis of Coal and
Coke". The average value of all samples
tested was 5032 BTU/lb. Assuming a conser-
vative production of 1.5 tons of litter/1000
birds, a 15,000-blrd house would produce 22.5
tons of litter at 30 percent moisture content/
flock, or 15.75 tons oven-dry weight. If burned
at 50 percent efficiency, this would produce
79.2 million BTU/flock or 396 million BTU/
year (5 flocks a year). According to heating
requirement estimates, 396 million BTU/year
would be more that sufficient to heat a broiler
house for a year. Two obstacles must be
overcome in order for this system to become a
reality: (1) A burner system must be
developed that will burn litter cleanly and
efficiently. (2) A system must be developed
for collecting, drying, and storing the Utter
without significant energy loss and without
creating odor and fly nuisances. (Bates-East
Central)
4977-A6, All, B2, B4, C2, Fl
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ABOUT MANURE FLUSHING
SYSTEMS FOR SWINE BUILD-
INGS
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 3, No. 4, p. 24, April, 1978.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Confinement pens,
Flushing, Open gutter flushing, Under-slat
flushing, Wastewater reuse, Lagoons, Odor,
Economics.
Two types of manure flushing systems are
being used in swine facilities - the open
gutter flushing system and the under-slat
flushing system. The open-gutter system uses
a sloped, shallow gutter that Is flushed
periodically to remove the wastes from the
building to a lagoon. The under-slat system
utilizes a shallow pit under slotted floors
which Is flushed, washing wastes to a lagoon.
Advantages of flushing systems are: (1) less
costly, (2) reduce odor, (3) require less
frequent waste disposal, (4) accommodate
irrigation or wastes, and (5) adapt to building
conversion. Disadvantages of such systems
are: (1) greater nutrient loss from manure, (2)
larger land area requirements, (3) lagoon
odor, (4) subject to mechanical problems, and
(5) possibility of disease transmission with an
open-gutter system. Most flushing systems
reuse flushing water because too much fresh
water would be required. Under-slat flushing
systems are recommended for farrowing and
nursery buildings. Either open-gutter or
under-slat systems may be used in growing-
finishing and sow gestation facilities. Normal
slope of a gutter floor is 1 to 2 percent or a
drop of 1-2 feet In 100 feet. Open gutters
require about 40 gallons of water per foot of
width of gutter for every flush. Flushing under
slats requires a minimum of 60 gallons per
foot of width of gutter. A constant-width,
constant-sloped gutter works well up to more
than 100 feet long. Gutters that are tapered
and have variable slope clean better when
longer than 125 feet. For gutters much longer
than 150 feet, slope should be from both ends
180
-------
so that It can be (lushed toward the middle.
The two most common types of flush tanks
available are the automatic siphon tank and
the tipping bucket tank. (Merryman East
Central)
4978-A8, B2, B4, C2, El
GEORGIA FARMERS CUT COSTS
WITH CORNLAGE
Anonymous
Southern Hog Producer, V. 9, No. 1, p. 18-20,
Feb., 1978. 4 fig
Keywords: Swine wastes, Confinement pens,
Slurries, Cornlage, Waste storage, Land
application, Crop response.
Danny and Norman Hardy of Eastman,
Georgia built new swine facilities two years
ago which utilize a 2078 Harvestore system to
handle the chore of processing cornlage and a
6115 A. 0. Smith Harvestore Slurrystore
system with an above-ground tank that holds
nearly 300,000 gallons of liquid manure. The
use of the cornlage (high-moisture corn) for
finishing swine has yielded the following
advantages: (1) earlier harvest, (2) easier
handling, (3) elimination of feed grinding, (4)
increased palatablllty of the corn for the
swine, (5) hogs reach market maturity 10 to 14
days earlier, and Improved cuttablllty of
carcasses has resulted Irn higher grading,
yielding an average of 3 cents more per
pound. All manure and wastewater generated
In the Hardy's three hog buildings Is passed
through an 8-Inch diameter PVC underground
pipe Into a small concrete-lined reception pit
adjacent to the Slurrystore system, which Is
located at the farmstead's lowest point. From
the pit, the manure Is pumped Into the tank
which the Hardys estimate can contain all the
manure produced by their animals in 4-6
months. In 1976 the Hardys, by applying
slurry to their corn area acreage, reduced
their commercial fertilizer requirements by
more than half. Their yields Increased by 52
percent on the slurry fert'llzer land. (Merry-
man-East Central)
4979-A11, B2, B3, E2, E3
NOW LOOK WHAT THEY'RE
MAKING FROM MANURE
B. Johnson
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 4 p 74 April
1978. 1 fig
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Recycling, Irriga-
tion, Fertilizers, Bedding, Pressboard, Soil
amendments.
In a project at North Carolina State Univer-
sity's Randlelgh Farm, scientists have been
collecting the solids from dairy cattle manure
and experimenting with ways to use them.
The liquids are screened off Into a holding
tank for later use as Irrigation-fertilizer on
crops The screened manure solids (SMS)
were used as bedding materials In free stalls.
The researchers call this experiment a total
success In terms of herd health and comfort.
They estimate that it saves $1.50/100 cows
each day The research team, headed by Dr.
W L. Johnson, has also Incorporated SMS
into mixed feed rations as a high fiber
Ingredient. This method has also shown great
success. In another experiment, the SMS was
made Into pressboard that Is almost as strong
as that made from wood fiber SMS may also
be used as an extender for peat moss and
potting soil for greenhouses. (Bates-East
Central)
4980-A6, Bl
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING
ODOR CONCENTRATION IN AIR
AND GASES
The Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincin-
nati, Ohio
E. A. Fox and V. E. Gex
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Associa-
tion, V. 7, No. 1, p. 60-61, May, 1957.
Keywords: Odor, Measurement.
A procedure Is described that can be uaed to
measure the odor concentration from animal
waste. A summary of the method Is as follows:
"A sample of the atmosphere or gas where
odor is to be measured is diluted with
odor-free air until a dilution Is achieved in
which the odor can barely be perceived. The
rates of the total volume of this diluted sample
(sample volume plus volume of diluting air) to
the volume of original sample In the diluted
sample Is a measure of the concentration of
odor in the original sample." The following
are discussed: definitions of units used in
calculations, interferences with the test,
apparatus and reagents used, detailed sampl-
ing and procedural steps, and the necessary
calculations. The precision and accuracy of
this method depends on the number, physical
condition, experience, and skill of the ob-
server (s). Any single observer should be able
to attain results which are reproducible within
50 percent, on any given day. Where greater
accuracy is desired, for any given test, more
observers should be used, and their results
averaged. (Bates-East Central)
4981-B1, Cl
TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM
MAKES WETTER DROPPINGS
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 433, p. 151, March,
1978.
Keywords: Diets, Poultry, Feed additives,
Magnesium, Albumen, Negative effects.
Producers are warned to be aware of the
negative effects of adding higher levels of
magnesium to the diet of older birds to
Improve the quality of egg albumen. This
change In the diet can weaken shells and make
poultry manure more liquid. Producers should
consider these factors In assessing the value
of additional magnesium In the diet of their
older birds. (Bates-East Central)
4982-A6, B2, Cl, C2
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA IN
LAGOONS IN THE MIDWEST
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan 48823
T. J. M. vanLotringen and J. B. Gerrlsh
Research Report 343, Michigan State Univer-
sity, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1977, 6
p. 2 fig., 1 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Lagoons, Odor,
Midwest U.S., Purple sulfur bacteria, Chemi-
cal properties, Iron, Physical properties.
A survey was made In several mldwestern
states In the summer of 1976 to find out what
environmental conditions Influence the occur-
rence of purple sulfur bacteria. These bacteria
are thought to be an aid In reducing odors.
Samples taken In the field were measured for
light penetration, temperature, and pH.
Estimates were made of odor and color. Also
recorded were the dimensions, age, and
management of the lagoon, and the approxi-
mate number and weight of pigs whose waste
was loading the lagoon. Laboratory samples
were measured for conductivity, chemical
oxygen demand, total solids, volatile solids,
iron and phosphates. It was concluded that all
purple lagoons had a very mild odor. A
convincing relationship between purple la-
goons and volatile solids (VS) was obtained.
Purple lagoons were most likely to occur at a
VS concentration between 1200 and 1800 ppm.
Low concentrations of purple sulfur bacteria
are often present In lagoons which are not
obviously purple. As with other biological
processes, shock-loading causes problems. A
shortage of iron will not restrict purple sulfur
bacteria In anaerobic lagoons receiving animal
waste. (Bates-East Central)
4983-B2, B3, C2, E2
TURKEY MANURE AS FERTILI-
ZER
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 433, p. 155, March,
1978.
Keywords: Turkey wastes, Nutrients, Fer-
tilizers, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen.
Turkey manure is a valuable source of
phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. Analy-
sis of 100 samples of turkey manure showed
that solid manure with litter having a moisture
content of 13.4 percent contained 2.39 percent
N, 5.84 percent P, and 3.31 percent K, and
was worth about $30.73/ton, while liquid
manure with a moisture content of 77.8
percent contained 0.38 percent N, 1.68
percent P, and 0.72 percent K and had a value
of $7.29/ton. Under most conditions, It was
suggested that solid turkey manure could be
applied at the rate of 2 tons/acre, while liquid
turkey manure should be applied at the rate of
4-5 tons (1000) acre. (Bates-East Central)
4984-B1, Dl, D3
SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR
COMPOSTING MANURE
Anonymous
Compost Science, V. 18, No. 6, p. 16-17,
Nov. /Dec., 1977. 4 fig.
Keywords: Equipment, Composting, Manure,
Organic wastes.
Presented are six firms which manufacture
equipment to compost volumes of manure and
other organic wastes. (1) The Brown Bear
integral auger tractor can mechanically aerate
3000 cu. yd. /hr. --working directly Into and
parallel with the windrow. The Brown Bear is
manufactured by the Roscoe Brown Corp., P.
0. Box 48, Lenox, Iowa 50851. (2) Wuebben
turning mechanism Is a home-built compost
181
-------
turning device. An auger Is used to aerate,
break up, and mix the pile. Afterwards a
tractor loader Is used to replle the materials.
This machine was built by Edgar Wuebben of
Cedar County, Nebraska. (3) The Easy Over,
developed by Elton Schaeffer of Menno, South
Dakota, has knives that lift material up and
back into the windrow. One-half of a windrow
Is taken with each pass of the machine. The
Easy Over Is distributed by General Compost
Corp., 3225 16th St., Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania 19102. (4) The Cobey Composter is a
dlesel-powered, self-propelled machine which
straddles the windrows. The manufacturer Is
the Eagle Crusher Co., Inc., Rt. 2, Box 72,
Gallon, Ohio 44833. (5) A tractor-powered
turning machine built by Mehlaf Machine and
Manufacturing Co. of Freeman, South
Dakota, Is used to turn compost at the rate of
400-500 tons/hr. (6) The Scarab aerates
wlndrowed manure and was developed by
Fletcher Sims of Canyon, Texas. Instead of
manure being a nuisance, It is becoming a
valuable resource. (Bates-East Central)
4985-B2, 35, C2, E2, FI
INJECTING LIQUID MANURE
REDUCES NITROGEN LOSS
Anonymous
Prairie Farmer, V. 149, No. 16, p. 22, Aug. 20,
1977.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Land application,
Soil injection, Costs, Economics, Odor control,
Nitrogen.
A study at the University of Illinois shows that
Injecting manure more than compensates for
higher investment and operating costs by
reducing nitrogen loss. Injector systems cost
more than surface application systems be-
cause injectors have a higher purchase price
and need more power to pull Injector chisels.
However, on a cost comparison basis, using
500,000 gallons of manure, an Injection
system would cost $490/year. But surface
applications of the wastes loses $775/year,
through volatilization of nitrogen. The annual
savings through reduced nitrogen loss would
be $285. Another advantage of the Injection
system Is reduced odor. It Is difficult to put a
dollar figure on odor control, but odor control
measures may be mandrtory for livestock
farmers so this Is definitely a benefit.
(Bates-East Central)
4986-B2, B3, C2
VARIATIONS BETWEEN FARMS
IN N, P, K, Mg AND DRY
MATTER COMPOSITION OF
CATTLE, PIG AND POULTRY
MANURES
An Foras Taluntais, Johnstown Castle Re-
search Centre, Wexford, Ireland
H. Tunney and S. Molloy
Irish Journal of Agricultural Research, V. 14,
p. 71-79, 1975. 1 fig., 4 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Swine wastes,
Poultry wastes, Sampling, Nitrogen, Phos-
phorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Fertilizers.
Samples of animal manures were collected
from 34 cattle, 20 pig and 16 poultry farms In
County Wexford. The manures were analyzed
for dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potas-
sium, and magnesium. There were wide
variations In composition of all manures tested
with poultry manure being the most consistent
of all samples analyzed. There was a
significant correlation between percentage
dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and
magnesium contents In the pig slurry. The
wide variations in compositions, particularly
for pig slurry, indicate that Individual chemi-
cal analyses of manures are necessary to
provide an accurate estimation of their
fertilizer value. (Bates-East Central)
4987-A6, 31, C2
QUANTITATION OF INDOLE
AND SKATOLE IN A HOUSED
SWINE UNIT
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska
T. A. Travis and L. F. Elliott
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 6, No. 4,
p. 407-410, Oct.-Dec., 1977. 5 fig., 1 tab., 13
ref.
Keywords: Swine, Confinement pens, Odor
measurement, Indole, Skatole, Chroma-
tog raphy.
The purpose of this study was to provide
quantitative data describing the source and air
concentration of Indole and skatole In an
enclosed, swine-flnlshing unit. To determine
the possibility of contribution to odor, the two
alkaloids were measured quantitatively in
fresh manure, In anaerobic pit liquor, In dust,
and in air extracts from the swine unit. Gas,
thin-layer, and column chromatography were
used to measure the concentrations and to
verify the presence of skatole and indole. Both
indole and skatole were found in the fresh
manure and anaerobic pit liquor extracts.
Only skatole was found in the dust extracts.
Neither of the two alkaloids could be detected
in the air of the swine unit above the detection
limits of the gas chromatograph (2.5 X
10" g/mlalr). Since the odor threshold values
of skatole and Indole (1 X 10"'g/ml air) are
approximately 1000 times higher than detect-
able limits In the air, It appears that neither
indole or skatole is an important odor
constituent of swine waste. Two unknown
compounds and p-cresol were separated by
column chromatography and may prove useful
in evaluating swine odor. (Bates-East Central)
4988-B2, Fl
PIGGERY UNDER-SLAT SCRAP-
ER SYSTEM
Scottish Farm Investigations Unit
A. M. Robertson
Farm Building Progress, V. 35, p. 15-16, Jan.,
1974. 1 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Confinement hous-
ing, Slurries, Waste management, Under-slat
scraper system, Economics.
A different approach to slurry handling has
been taken by Strathearn Pig Producers In
their breeding and fattening unit at Crieff. In
both dry sow and farrowing house, a relatively
shallow below-slat channel has been substi-
tuted for the more conventional deeper
channel. Removal of the manure Is by
scrapers similar to those found In byres.
Scraping of the channels takes place twice
weekly and requires no labor. The system has
been free of mechanical oroblems so far and
the owners consider that by removing fresh
manure from the below-slat channels a
healthier environment for the stock has been
created. This system Is more expensive than
conventional storage and removal, although
the cost of the scrapers and associated
equipment has been to some extent offset by
savings as a result of reduced depth of the
below-slat channels. (Bates-East Central)
4989-A1, All, A12, Bl, C3, Dl,
D2, D3
STUDIES ON MICROBIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF LIQUID MA-
NURE HANDLING
G. Tamasl
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, V. 8, No. 2, p.
165-170, 1977. 5 tab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Waste treatment,
Microorganisms, Filtration, Homogenatlon,
Animal health, Public health.
Samples were taken from several types of
manure handling methods that are widely
used in Hungary and were cultured to
determine the extent of contamination of the
environment with microorganisms. It was
found that without some type of special
equipment or procedure liquid manure can
contaminate the environment with microbes.
Filtration of liquid manure through straw
bales, a common practice, does not appreci-
ably reduce mlcroblal populations, however
homogenlzatlon can markedly reduce them.
Combined chemical, physical and biological
handling methods were highly effective In
reducing contamination and were also charac-
terized by low germ counts In the product.
Testing of microblal survival times In sterile
liquid manure showed that collform, staphy-
lococcl and echovlruses deteriorate rapidly,
salmonellas, and aerobic spore-formers sur-
vive longer, and lactobaclllus survival Is
Intermediate between the two extremes.
(Bates-East Central)
4990-AS, A6, B2, B4, B5, C2, D3,
E2,F1
ENGINEERS OUTLINE WASTE
DESIGN FACTORS
R. J. Smith, T. E. Hazen, and G. B. Parker
National Hog Farmer, p. 4-6, Jan., 1974.1 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste manage-
ment, Design, Slatted floors, Waste storage,
Oxidation ditch, Lagoons, Aerobic conditions,
Anaerobic conditions, Odor, Groundwater
pollution, Land disposal, Crop response,
Nutrients, Copper, Costs.
This article gives design factors for different
manure handling systems. There are four
main elements In an Integrated manure
handling system — transport, treatment,
storage, and land application. Three types of
manure management systems are presented:
(1) Slatted floor with underfloor pit storage.
Advantages are: (a) simple, fairly low
investment cost, (b) high retention of fertilizer
nutrients, (c) suitability for small operators
using batch farrowing. Disadvantages are: (a)
difficult to pump out, (b) odor, (c) danger of
gas poisoning during pre-pump agitation, (d)
tank contents must be hauled. (2) Slatted floor
with underfloor oxidation ditch. Advantages
182
-------
are: (a) low odor levels, (b) manure rendered
sufficiently liquid to allow pumping, (c)
ventilation requirements lower In winter, (d)
possibilities of refeedlng. Disadvantages are
(a) external storage required to handle
overflow, (b) continual maintenance and
power coat, (c) less suitable for batch
loadings. (3) Gutter flushing with treated
effluent from an aerobic lagoon. Advantages
are: (a) simple floor construction, (b) low
power Input, (c) good odor control In the
building. Disadvantages are: (a) anaerobic
lagoon may be odorous for 4-6 weeks/year, (b)
salt deposition in recycle line needs periodic
removal, (c) possibility of disease transmis-
sion. Presently there are five areas of concern
in relation to land disposal and nutrient
loading: nitrate leaching into groundwater,
excessive phosphorus and the effects on reed
germination, high soil copper levels and plant
uptake, excess potassium and magnesium
deficient plants, and salt buildup In the soil.
No swine producer should consider new
facilities without first calculating how much
ground is required for his final disposal area.
Treated effluents are like fertilizers, and any
big operator should maintain records of the
amount of liquid pumped out of his system
and the cumulative amounts of N, P, and K In
the soil. It's anticipated that the state may
require such data In the future. Based on the
design criteria presented, the Investment
costs for a manure handling system can be
estimated. (Bates-East Central)
EFFLUENT
Anonymous (Based on Gerald Frankl)
Beef, V. 8, p. 20-21, Aug., 1972.
Keywords: Oxidation ditch effluent, PAB,
Refeedlng, Cattle rations, Performance,
Economics
Gerald Frankl, of the Iowa Beef Processors,
reports on the use of oxidation ditch effluent
In cattle rations. This effluent, which has been
labelled PAB (processed animal by-products)
Is a relatively high protein mixture consisting
mostly of microorganisms that have been
grown In the ditch and used to break down
animal wastes. Two tests were Initiated to
explore the acceptance of PAB by cattle and
then to compare PAB-fed cattle to those on
regular rations. Feed costs were cut by $1.22
per hundred pounds of gain, and profits were
raised to slightly over $3 per head. PAB-fed
cattle ate more feed and had more efficient
conversion than those on the standard control
ration. Part of the protein supplement
normally in the control ration was replaced by
PAB, which accounts for part of the savings In
feed costs. Frankl calculated that If the entire
550 head building had been on PAB, a
$5,443.00 advantage over cattle fed normal
rations would have been gained In one year.
This advantage offsets costs of operating an
oxidation ditch and still leaves a profit.
(Keel-East Central)
4994-A4, Bl, F2
IMPACT OF STATE LAWS AND
REGULATIONS ON ANIMAL
WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES
Department of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
G. A. Whetstone, D. M. Wells, and B. M.
Kramer
Proceedings of the ASCE Irrigation and
Drainage Division Specialty Conference,
Reno, Nevada, July 20-22, 1977, p. 117-120.
Keywords: Regulation, Waste management,
Water pollution
Livestock producers have complied well with
the requirements of environmental legislation
- often at a heavy cost and with little direct
benefit to themselves. In most states they
have been represented on advisory boards,
and the standards arrived at tend to be those
of the organizations the stockman has learned
to trust and respect. If present policies are
continued, animal wastes should not consti-
tute a serious source of pollution; overfasti-
dlous demands on the other hand, could
destroy the livestock industry. Existing law Is
generally vague enough to allow either.
(Whetstone-Texas Tech University)
4991-A11, Bl
EFFECT OF SLATTED AND DEEP
LITTER FLOORS ON THE PRO-
DUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND
ENERGY UTILIZATION OF
TURKEYS
Department of Nutrition and Department of
Animal and Poultry Science, University of
Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2WI
S. J. Slinger, S. Leeson, and J. D. Summers
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 4, p. 1259-1264,
July, 1977. 5 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Management, Slatted floors, Deep
litter floors, Turkeys, Confinement pens,
Performance
A series of experiments was conducted to
determine the relative performance of turkeys
reared on slatted or deep-litter floors from 8
through 24 weeks of age. Birds were offered
mash and cereal grains free choice or fed all
pelleted diets. Male, but not female turkeys
were found to achieve significantly (P$, .05)
heavier weights at 24 weeks of age when on
litter. Irrespective of sex, all birds reared on
litter floors showed superior feed efficiency
values. From a consideration of the quantities
of mash and cereal grain consumed, It Is
proposed that slatted floor-reared birds have
an Increased energy requirement, and that an
extra850 to 1,000 kcals. dietary metabollzable
energy Is required for the production of each
kilogram gain in body weight when compared
to litter-reared birds; this was confirmed
using only pellets and a restricted feeding
regime. This increased energy requirement
may be related to stress imposed by an
unnatural floor environment. Extrapolation of
these findings to other animals housed on
slatted floors, such as swine and cattle, should
be considered. (Sllnger-Unlversity of Guelph)
4992-A11, B2, D3, E3, Fl
IOWA BEEF TESTS SHOW PRO-
FIT FOR FEEDING DITCH
4993-B2, C2, D2, D3, E3
BIOGASIFICATION USING NaOH
TREATED PIG FAECES
School of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Melbourne, Parkvllle, Victoria, Australia
M. F. Ngian, K. F. Ngian, S. H. Lin, and G. R.
Pearce
Journal of the Environmental Engineering
Division, Proceedings of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, V. 103, No. EE6, p.
1131-1133, Dec., 1977. 1 fig., 5 tab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Swine wastes,
Chemical treatment, Sodium hydroxide, An-
aerobic digestion, Toxlclty, Carbon dioxide,
Rumen liquor
The extent to which treatment with sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) might Influence gas pro-
duction from anaerobic fermentation of pig
feces is the main focus of this research.
Samples of fresh pig feces were subjected to
various levels of NaOH treatmenttO, 3, 7, 9,
and 12g NaOH/100 g Dry Matter (DMUusing
equal weights of NaOH solution and dry feces.
Rumen liquor was used as the Inoculum.
NaOH treatments from 7-9 percent caused
progressive increases in the total volumes of
gas produced, but the 12 percent treatment
caused a marked reduction. The total volume
of gas produced from the 7 percent treatment
was 33 percent higher than that obtained from
the untreated material. The maximum rate of
gas production, from the 9 percent level, was
1.74 times the rate from untreated feces.
Subsequent studies suggested that the lower
gas production from the 12 percent treatment
was due to sodium toxlclty. The carbon
dioxide (COjJ content of the gas produced
ranged from 61-65 percent. It was assumed
that the balance (35-39 percent) was methane.
The use of rumen liquor as the Inoculum
probably accounts for the high proportion of
COa. In the gases. Later studies using
anaerobic digester mixed liquor Inoculum
resulted in markedly lower COajDroductlon. It
Is predicted that use of NaOH may be of
significance In methane production from
large-scale anaerobic digesters. (Bates-East
Central)
4995-A9, All, 31, C3
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF
CERTAIN ANTHELMWTICS IN
BOVINE MANURE ON ONTHO-
PHAGUS GAZELIA, A NON-TA1-
GET ORGANISM
Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Re-
search Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, USDA, College Station, Texas 77840
R. R. Blume, R. L. Younger, A. Aga, and C. J.
Myers
The Southwestern Entomologist, V. 1, No. 2,
p. 100-103, June. 1976. 1 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Parasites, Anthelmlntlcs, Ceitle
wastes, Onthophagtjs Q&ze/ls
Residues of 5 anthelmlntics (phenothlazlne,
dlchlorvos, coumaphos, ruelane, and plpera-
zlne) In bovine manure had deleterious effects
on Onthophegus geiel/a F. In the order given.
Thlabendazola and levarnisole hydrochlorlde
(Tramlsol R; 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrahydro-6-phenyll-
midazop, 1-bJthlazole monohydrochlorlde), 2
other materials ieatea, has negligible effects.
(Blume-USDA)
4996-B2, B4, E2
STUDY CONTROL OPTIONS F01
FEEDLOT RUNOFF SYSTEMS
Anonymous
Kansas Farmer, V. 116, No. 3, p. 32F, Feb. 4,
1978.
Keywords: Feedlots, Debris basins, Holding
ponds, Design, Agricultural runoff, Irrigation
A 3-year study Identiflas the pros and cons of
placing the debris basin of a runoff control
system either Inslda or outside the feedlot.
Locating the debris baaln Inside the pen uses
land efficiently and cattle can usebermsof the
basin to avoid muddy lots In extended wet
183
-------
periods. Basins inside the pens dry faster In
dry weather and the basins are easily cleaned.
On the negative side, debris basins Inside
pens are damp longer In cool, wet weather
than those outside and Inside basins also have
repeated drainage problems In summer and
winter. Berms of Inside basins must occasion-
ally be rebuilt. Debris basins located outside
pens are generally drier and easier to manage.
Mud slurry conditions usually are limited to
winter time and drain plugging of risers Is
limited. Problems with basins outside the
pens are: (1) Extreme snowmelt slurry runoff
can bury fence lines. (2) Solids may accumu-
late at the fence line. (3) Weed control on side
slopes of the basin Is difficult. (4) Mounds
Inside the pen are needed In wet weather. Pen
length of 180, 200, or 360 ft. above debris
basins do not affect amount of settled solids
removed. Shallow basins (31/z ft.) are prefer-
able to deeper basins (8 ft.). Holding ponds
located next to basins are preferred because
runoff from storms will overflow directly Into
holding ponds and the basin can be smaller. A
center-pivot Irrigation system has performed
satisfactorily in disposing of liquid runoff from
holding ponds after removal of solids. The
disposal system should be designed for use
whenever the holding pond must be emptied
rather than just for Irrigating cropland In the
disposal area. (Bates-East Central)
4997-A4, Bl, C2
MOVEMENT OF NITRATES AND
OTHER DISSOLVED SALTS
FROM A FISHPOND INTO LAKE
KINNERET
Department of Soil Science, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem, Israel
B. Parnas and N. Lahav
Bamldgeh, V. 24, No. 4, p. 99-113, 1977. 4
fig., 4 tab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Nitrates, Dis-
solved salts, Fish ponds, Lake Klnneret,
Israel, Seepage.
Observations were made during two seasons
In a fishpond near Kibbutz Eln-Gev and on
waters seeping Into the Klnneret. The Ionic
composition of the pond seepage waters was
analyzed and the amount of feeds and
fertilizers added to the ponds. The nitrogen
balance of the pond was estimated, assuming
that nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere did
not take place. (1) The total amount of salts In
the seepage waters of the pond was 20-50
percent higher than that of the pond water.
The magnesium, sodium and chloride Ion
contents of the seepage water was higher than
that of the pond water. The calcium Ion
content of the seepage water fluctuated, and
was generally lower than In the pond water.
The potassium ion content was lower In the
seepage water compared with the pond water.
(2) The principal source of nitrogen to the
pond was In the form of supplementary feeds
and fertilizers (pellets, sorghum, chicken
manure and ammonium sulfate). (3) The
amount of nitrogen removed from the pond In
the form of fish harvested, surface waters and
seepage waters was 40-50 percent of the total
nitrogen input. At least part of the nitrogen
remained bound as organic matter In the
bottom soil. The degree of denltrlflcatlon was
not measured. (4) The nitrate content of the
pond water was similar to that of the Kinnerat
water. The nitrate content of the seepage
water was considerably higher than that of the
pond water, but usually was relatively stable
in comparison to the nitrate content of the
pond water, which fluctuated tremendously.
The amount of nitrate nitrogen removed by
the seepage water was estimated at several
kilograms per ha. for both seasons of observa-
tions. (5) As expected, there Is a considerable
accumulation of salts and organic matter In
the fishpond soils. (Parnas-The Hebrew Uni-
versity)
4998-B1, E2
NOBODY LAUGHED ABOUT
"ORGANIC FARMING" AFTER
SEEING THE HAUGHLEY EX-
PERIMENT
O. Long
Kansas Farmer, V. 116, No. 6, p. 20-20-B,
March 18, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Haughley experiment, England,
Organic farming, Fertilizers.
This article Is about the conflict between
organic versus chemical or conventional
farming. Specifically the Haughley Experi-
ment Is described. This experiment was
started in 1939 In Haughley, England on 216
acres, which has since been expanded to 300
acres. The intent was to begin a long-term
experiment, on a full farming scale, to
compare and contrast the nutritional effects
on successive generations of farm animals
nurtured under different systems of soil
treatment, and adjoining units of land of
similar soil types, and under the same
management. The original 216 acre farm was
divided Into three self-contained farms —
"Organic Section: (a closed system that used
no chemical fertilizers and pesticides), the
"Mixed Section" (a system In which chemical
fertilizers and pesticides were used to supple-
ment the animal manure and crop wastes, and
the "Stockless Section" (a section without
livestock where only chemical fertilizer and
crop residues were used). A useful record of
field observations was kept from the start,
along with an extensive range of soil and crop
analyses made on all three farms made every
month for over 10 years. An Important
discovery derived from this experiment Is that
the levels of available minerals In the soil
fluctuate according to the season. These
fluctuations were far more marked on the
"Organic Section" than on the other two.
Milk production has been higher on the
"Organic Section" than on the "Mixed
Section". The culling rate for the "Mixed
Section" herd was higher than for the
"Organic Section". The author feels that
organic farming Is a workable alternative to
chemical farming and one that will help
conserve our dwindling resources. (Bates
East Central)
4999-A4, B2, D3
VEGETATIVE FILTER SYSTEM
CLEANS FEEDLOT RUNOFF
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 18, p. 16, May 1, 1976.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Feedlots,
Waste treatment, Design, Water pollution,
Overland flow, Serpentine ierrace system
Feasibility.
Agricultural engineers at the University of
Illinois have been testing a system to direct
feedlot runoff to a vegetated area where the
runoff is treated by settling, dilution, absorp-
tion and Infiltration. Studies were designed to
determine whether such a system could
adequately control fesdlot runoff to avoid
violation of water quality standards In the case
of storm runoff. Two basic vegetative filter
system designs were used In the studies: an
overland flow system and a serpentine terrace
system. "Vegetative filters can affectively
remove nutrients, solids and other pollutants
from runoff before It's discharged," according
to Dale Vanderholm and Elbert Dickey, Uni-
versity agricultural engineers. Critical ele-
ments of the design Include the flow distance,
the ratio of filter area to feedlot area and the
size of the settling basin needed. The concept
and the vegetative filter systems tested
appear favorable, but pollution control agen-
cies must approve specific design criteria
before such systems can be recommended and
used widely. (Bates-East Central)
500Q-A6, AW, B3, Dl
IN-HOUSE MANURE DRYING IN
THE DEEP-PIT (HIGH-USE)
SYSTEM
Agricultural Development and Advisory Ser-
vice, Shardlow Hall, Shardlow, Darby, DE7
2GN, England
H. A. Elson
Proceedings 5th WPSA, European Poultry
Conference, Malta, 1976. 3 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Drying, Deep-pit systems, Poultry
wastes, Slat system, Slot system, United
Kingdom, Odor control, Fly control.
This paper reports and discusses the develop-
ment of 2 in-house drying systems In the
United Kingdom. The slat system Is an
economical method of drying manure to about
15 to 20 percent moisture by the end of Ire
year. The technique Is to collect manure
falling from laying stock directly onto slats at 2
levels which retain It In columns so ihat warm
ventilation air passes over the manure before
beinq exhausted. The slot system is in
operation with 4 tier vertical cages, and dries
manure to about 25-30 percent moisture by
the end of the year. The manure Is scraped
dally from under the cages through a narrow
slot into the pit area and builds up In 3ioap
sided heaps on the pit floor. In-house manure
drying systems can be of benefit In daep pit
poultry buildings for several reasons: (a) They
reduce the moisture content of the manure,
thus reducing its weight, rendering It easiar to
handle, and enhancing Its value, (b) The
problems associated with wet pits (ammonia,
odors, files) are avoided, (c) A more
amendable environment Is provided for staff
and stock, (d) Odor emmisslon from buildings
is reduced. Also presented are the results on
effectiveness of drying that other researchers
have achieved using various systems. (Bates-
East Central)
5001-All, B2, £2, Fl
SCRAPING AWAY WASTE
Staff Editor, Feedlot Management
S. Aldrlch
Feedlot Management, V. 20, No. 4, p 18-21
April, 1978. 7 fig.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Fesdlofs, Design,
Scraping, Storage pit, Land application,
Costs, Performance.
This article Is about th? confinement lot that
the Fasslor brothers of Sterling, Illinois
designed themselves. The lot la rrofloas with
184
-------
concrete floors and Is combined with an
automatic manure scraping system. The
configuration Is that of a freestall dairy barn
floor without the stalls. Manure flows Into
either of two sloped manure alleys that run the
length of the feeding floor. A scraper blade
then pushes the wastes Into a manure storage
pit on an automatic basis. The liquid manure
is knifed Into the ground In the fall. This yields
a savings of approximately $40/acre In
fertilizer bills. This 800 head capacity open
confinement lot helped the Fasslers cut costs
without cutting cattle performance. (Bates
East Central)
5002-A4, A6, B2, B3, E2, Fl
SELECTING A SWINE WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Agricultural Engineering Department, Pur-
due University, West Lafayette, Indiana
J. C. Nye, D. D. Jones, D. Bache, and A. L.
Sutton
Publication ID-107, Cooperative Extension
Service, Purdue University, Sept., 1975, 15 p.
4 fig., 6 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Management,
Floors, Design, Waste storage, Waste trans-
port, Irrigation, Costs, Odor control, Water
pollution.
This paper has been developed to help the
swine producer choose from the various types
of waste management facilities and equip-
ment. The producer will then be able to
develop a waste management plan that Is
suited to his particular swine and crop
production system. Four commonly-used
waste management systems are illustrated.
They are: (1) Totally slotted-slotted floor over
a manure tank with liquid manure transport.
(2) Partially slotted-slotted floor over a
shallow pit with an overflow to a lagoon which
is irrigated to cropland. (3) Concrete Feeding
Floor - a solid floor where the solid manure Is
scraped and hauled to farm land and the
runoff is contained in a earthen holding pond
and pumped to cropland through an Irrigation
system. (4) Open Gutter Flushing - a solid
floor with an open gutter that is flushed to a
two-stage lagoon with Irrigation to farmland.
Both cost and non-cost factors must be
considered when choosing one of these
systems or developing a new one. The cost
factors Include cost of operation and owner-
ship, and returns from the fertilizer value of
swine waste. Some of the non-cost factors are
odor control, water pollution, management
requirements, operational and expansion
ease. The non-cost factors must be evaluated
by the Individual as to the importance
associated with each factor. After a system Is
selected, a waste management plan should be
developed. How, where, and when will the
swine waste be handled? What are the labor,
management and equipment demands of the
selected waste management system? When
the alternative systems have been compared
and a waste management plan developed, the
producer should be able to pick the system
which most suits his needs. (Bates-East
Central)
5003-B1, Fl
MANURE HANDLING EQUIP-
MENT EXEMPT FROM PRO-
PERTY TAX
P. Queck
Wallaces Farmer, V. 103, No. 7, p. 29, April 8,
1978.
Keywords: Iowa, Regulation, Pollution con-
trol, Property tax exemptions, Department of
Environmental Quality.
The state of Iowa has a program to grant
property tax exemptions for pollution control
property. To obtain the exemption, property
must meet state eligibility requirements.
Some common exemptions are: waste storage
or collection pits, slatted floors, gutter
systems, pumps and piping whose sole
purpose Is transporting sewage, Slurrystore
systems, manure spreaders, and sloped
concrete feedlots (provided they drain to some
type of collection system). For property to be
eligible, state law requires thai It must have
been installed or constructed after September
23, 1970. To apply, an application must be
obtained from the county assessor. Then the
completed form is sent to the Iowa Depart-
ment of Environmental Quality (DEQ) where
it Is received for certification. After certifica-
tion, the DEQ sends two copies of the
certification to the applicant. It Is then the
applicant's responsibility to get one copy to
his county assessor. Once certified, property
does not have to be certified for 10 years,
however, property owners must still submit a
short form each year to their assessor.
(Bates-East Central)
5004-C2, D3, E3, Fl
A MARTINI IN YOUR TANK?
D. E. Carr
Country Journal, p. 45-46, 105, 109-110, Oct.,
1977.
Keywords: Recycling, Organic wastes, Live-
stock wastes, Ethyl alcohol, Fermentation,
Trichoderma Viride, Costs.
Given certain breaks and reasonable extrapo-
lations, there is every reason to believe that
within a couple of decades ethyl alcohol in this
country could displace petroleum gasoline as
the staple motor fuel. Advantages of ethyl
alcohol that make It a desirable fuel are: (1)
Complete mlsclbllity with water, so that water
in tanks or distribution systems has little
effect on engine operation. (2) Alcohol has a
very high octane number without the addition
of tetracthyl lead. Higher compression ratios
in car engines can be used, with resultant
increase In efficiency and mileage. (3) Alcohol
can be operated at very lean conditions with
the result that no air pollutants are formed. (4)
Alcohol Is a renewable source of energy.
Among the ways to make ethyl alcohol are: (1)
the fermentation of sugars or starches (In
Brazil, sugar cane and cassava are used) or (2)
by using a fungus Trichoderma vlrlde to
digest cellulose to glucose which could then be
fermented to ethyl alcohol. A large source of
waste cellulose in the United States Is
livestock manure -- about 800 million tons of
manure Is collected a year. This can be
converted to about 200 million gallons of
alcohol a day — a substantial part of the 300
million gallons of gasoline used dally In 1973!
By streamlining the collection processes of
raw and waste cellulose, It Is estimated that
more than 600 billion gallons of motor alcohol
could be produced per year at an overall cost
of less than 40d/gal. (Bates-East Central)
5005-B2, C2, D3, E3
EXPERIENCES IN BUILDING
AND OPERATING A FIELD
SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
55108
P. R. Goodrich, S. M. Kails, W. J. Horvath,
and J. D. Nielsen
Paper No. NCR 76-402, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1976 Annual Meet-
ing, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1976. 6 fig., 1 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic digesters, Design, Op-
eration, Performance, Swine wastes, Oxida-
tion-reduction potential, Methane.
This is the report on a field anaerobic digester
project In Minnesota. The objectives of the
project were: (1) To design a system simple
enough for the average farmer to maintain
with a minimal amount of dally time. (2) To
determine how an anaerobic digester should
be fitted into a swine waste management
system to provide flexibility and reliability. (3)
To determine how surplus materials may be
Incorporated in developing a digester. (4) To
reduce the capital costs that have been
associated with digesters built to sewage
treatment plant standards. (5) To search for a
parameter that can be monitored easily
without wet chemical tests as an Indication of
performance In the digester. The digester
tank was a recycled oil tank that was
retrofitted with PVC pipe. There were no
moving parts of piping within the tank. All
component parts are exterior to the tank for
ease of maintenance. The digester efficiency
was quite low during the first year of
operation but increased dramatically with
further operation. The gas content of the
present time is about 65 percent methane. The
oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was In-
vestigated as an Indicator of the performance
of the biological culture In the digester. The
digester ORP is holding constant at 400
milliwatts. (Bates-East Central)
5006-A8, B2, C2, E2, Fl
IS ALL THIS PHOSPHATE ON
GRASSLAND REALLY NECES-
SARY
S. N. Adams
Agriculture in Northern Ireland, V. 49, p.
215-216, 1974. 1 fig.
Keywords: Northern Ireland, Fertilizers,
Phosphates, Grassland, Economics.
Fertilizer costs have taken a staggering rise In
Northern Ireland. It has been projected that In
1975 farmers will pay about 5 million pounds
for phosphate, most of which was Imported
from foreign sources. Most phosphate In
Northern Ireland Is put on grassland. Animal
manures are a useful source of phosphate for
grass and cut down on the need for fertilizer.
A useful approach to a phosphate policy can
be made by working out how many units of
phosphate is being put on the grass, and
comparing It with the Province's average
dressing of just under 20 unlts/acra/year.
(Merryman-East Central)
5007-A9, AH, Bl, C2
RETENTION AND
OF POLYCHLOMINATED BI-
PHENYL RESIDUES BY LAYING
HENS
185
-------
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsvllle, Maryland 20705
G. F. Fries, R. J. Llllle. H. C. Cecil, and J.
Bltman
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 4, p. 1275-1280,
July, 1977. 3 fig., 3 tab., 22 ref.
Keywords: Polychlorlnated blphenyls, Poul-
try, Feed contamination, Performance, Resi-
dues, Body fat retention, Excreta.
Commercial polychlorinated blphenyl (PCS)
mixtures with 21, 32, 42, 48, 54, and 68
percent chlorine were fed to caged White
Leghorn hens at 20 p.p.m. for nine weeks. The
42, 48, and 54 percent mixtures were also fed
at 2 p.p.m. Residues In egg at nine weeks
wereO.7, 2.4, 14.4, 9.3,11.4, and 21.5 p.p.m.
for the 21, 32, 42, 48, 54, and 68 percent
chlorine PCBs, respectively. Corresponding
values In body fat were 24.0, 51.1, 89.3, 90.5,
124.5, and 42.4 p.p.m., respectively. Levels in
eggs and body fat of groups fed 2 p.p.m. were
approximately one-tenth the levels In the 20
p.p.m. group. After seven weeks of control
feed, the values for the 20 p.p.m. groups were
0.7, 1.8, 2.8, 3.0, 7.2, and 1.8 for eggs and
8.1, 22.4, 26.4, 39.8, 91.7, and 43.6 for body
fat. Estimated recovery of consumed PCBs
Increased from 8 percent to 55 percent as
chlorine Increased from 21 to 68 percent.
Residues in excreta was about 10 percent of
intake for all chlorine PCB, about the same for
54 percent and much less for the 68 percent
chlorine PCB. The ration of egg fat residue in
contaminated birds was .084:1. (Frles-USDA)
5008-A11, B2, C2, E3
RECYCLING OXIDATION DITCH
MIXED LIQUOR TO LAYING
HENS
Department of Animal Science, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champalgn, Urbana, Illi-
nois, 61801
H. S. Johnson, D. L. Day, C. S. Byerly, and S.
Prawlrokusumo
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 4, p. 1339-1341,
July, 1977. 1 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Oxidation ditch mixed
liquor, Poultry, Performance, Egg production,
Nitrates.
Laying hens were provided with oxidation
ditch mixed liquor (ODML) as their only
source of drinking water. Egg production
dropped sharply when the dissolved oxygen
content of the ODML rose from .47 to 6.0
p.p.m. and the nitrate level Increased from
210 p.p.m. subjected to these levels, or
slightly lower ones, for several weeks.
(Johnson-University of Illinois)
5009-B2, B3, E2
EARTHEN WASTE BASIN
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 3, No. 5, p. 20, May 1978 1
fig.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Waste storage,
Hauling, Earthen manure storage basin,
Picket dam, Detention pond, Manure spread-
ing
Livestock producers can use an earthen
manure storage basin with concrete bottom
and unloading ramp for a twlce-a-year hauling
of manure on an "as-is" basis when a vertical
picket dam Is used for draining off rainwater
Into a detention pond, according to the
Jamesway Division of Butler Manufacturing
Company, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. Key
advantages of the picket-dam manure-stor-
age-basin system are: (1) ssml-annual (rather
than dally) hauling and (2) use of conventional
manure-spreading equipment, without further
Investment In llquld-manure-storage basins.
Details on picket-dam manure storage basins
and on complete manure-handling systems for
dairy, beef and hogs are available from
Jamesway Power Chorlng dealers. (Bates-
East Central)
5010-B2, Cl
SCALE MODEL OF AN UNBER-
SLAT FLUSHING SYSTEM
Agricultural Engineering Department, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
48823
R. J. Ballard, J. 8. Gerrish, and T. L. Loudon
In Research Report 343, Michigan State
University Agricultural Experiment Station,
p. 136-139. 1 fig., 1 tab., 5 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Flushing, Design,
Slopes, Flush volume.
A small scale Iconic model was constructed In
hopes of establishing the design criteria for
flushing systems. A distorted model was used
In which the vertical and horizontal scales are
unequal. The parameters evaluated were
length, height (to dump tank), width, particle
apparent density, particle size, time, slope,
velocity, flush volume water depth, Re
at IM/S, Fr at 1 MIS, viscosity, Manning's
"N", and surface tension. To measure the
effectiveness of manure transport, simulated
turds of the proper specific gravity for scale
down were made. The results of the experi-
ment, so far, are : the crest height seems to be
independent of slope, velocity varies with the
slope, effectiveness of cleaning seems to be
better at high slope (as evidenced with
preliminary studies with simulated turds), and
reduced flush volumes are less effective in
cleaning. The results point to the existence of
a trade-off between slope and flush volume.
The tipping tank should be as close as possiblei
to the wall but probably no closer than 15 cm.
Tank axis alignment is critical. In continuation!
of the study, qualification of the interrelation-
ships between slope, tank volume, roughness;
and flushed length is expected as Is an answer
to how to avoid solids deposits along
sidewalls. (Bates-East Central)
5011-A7, A12, Bl, C2
TOXIC GASES KILL WORKER
Anonymous
Confinement, V 3, No. 4, p. 10, April, 1978.
Keywords: Air pollution, Public health, Con-
finement pens, Wisconsin, Cattle wastes,
Gases, Toxicity, Hydrogen sulflde, Safety,
Ventilation.
Death of a 16-year-old Wisconsin farmworker
from Inhalation of toxic gases while steam-
cleaning gutters Inside a calf barn prompts a
warning by a South Dakota State University
microblologlst to producers with liquid-ma-
nure systems for confined animals. Christo-
pher P. Sword suggests preventive measures
where liquid-manure systems are used. They
are: adequate ventilation and evacuation of
animals and workers from enclosed farm
buildings while manure is being agitated.
Sword notes that the Public Health Services
"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"
cites apparent cause of the youth's death as
inhalation of toxic gases, with hydrogen
sulflde as the probable major agent. The
MMWR cites several Instances where deaths
In swine, beef and dairy animals have been
associated with confinement systems. Sword
quotes from the Public Health Service
publication several factors that should be
avoided for safety reasons. The manure tank
was full, and contents had been agitating
longer than usual before pumping began. The
barn was Inadequately ventilated that day
with only 1 of Its 5 fans In Intermittent use.
Additionally, the calves high protein diet
made formation of hydrogen sulflde more
likely. (Bates-East Central)
5012-B2, E2
NON-STOP FLUSHING
BARN CLEAN
KEEPS
H. Ernst
Missouri Rurallst, V. 119, No. 9, p. 18-19,
May 13, 1978. 3 fig.
Keywords: Confinement pens, Cattle, Flush-
ing, Lagoons, Irrigation, Fertilizers, Design.
Leonard Stoll has recently completed a new
confinement beef finishing building. The
240-head barn takes advantage of the gutter
flush concept, but rather than intermittent
flushing, water flows continuously In four,
floor-level gutters. Stoll expects a 10 percent
increase In feed efficiency In the building
compared to outside lots. The water used Is
recycled from a lagoon Into a 24-ft. wide," by
3-foot deep holding tank. Four adjustable
outlets control the rate and volumo of flow
from the tank Into the gutter. Adjustment Is
simple. As more water is needed, the vertical
plastic pipe risers are rotated lower Into the
water. Waste water from each of the four
gutters drains Into a common open gutter to
the east of the barn. A 6-Inch pipe carries
wastes and runoff from the building's roof into
the lagoon. Stoll expects to pump the lagoon
once a year. Value of the fertilizer should help
offset cost of irrigation pump rental. If the
lagoon were pumped twice a year, It would be
large enough for 50 percent more stock. Stoll
credits area extension specialists Ed
Schwltzky and Lyle Ellis with much of the
planning for the beef barn. (Bates-East
Central)
5013-A4, A6, A7, Bl, F2, F4
ANIMAL FEEDING FACTORIES
AND THE ENVIRONMENT: A
SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT POL-
LUTION, FEDERAL CONTROLS,
AND OKLAHOMA LAW
Paula M. Becker
Southwestern Law Journal, V. 30, p. 556-584
1976.
Keywords: Regulation, Legal aspects, Odor,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Feedlots, Okla-
homa law, Nuisance suits, Environmental
Protection Agency, National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System.
This article surveys the odor and water
pollution problems caused by feedlots and
provides a comprehensive summary of the law
186
-------
that has developed to deal with these
problems. Primary emphasis Is placed upon
the state of Oklahoma, with limited reference
to the air and water pollution laws of other
states. Odor pollution Is Impossible to control
or eliminate completely under current tech-
nology, and only very recently have a few
areas developed odor pollution standards. A
nuisance action, either private or public, Is the
only effective remedy In the area of odor
pollution. The two major types of nuisance
actions are Injunctlve (relief requested may be
either to halt or to modify a feedlot operation),
and damages (where the plaintiff may be
entitled to seek both actual and punitive
damages for an odor nuisance created by a
feedlot operation). Important trends Include,
"coming to the nuisance" suits, legal
acceptance of odor measurement techniques,
and zoning laws. Water pollution caused by
feedlots Is easier than odor to control and
eliminate, and stringent regulations have
been promulgated and proposed to regulate
this area further. In Oklahoma, acts or
agencies that are concerned with water
pollution Include: The Oklahoma Feed Yards
Act, The Oklahoma Water Pollution Act, The
Oklahoma Solid Waste Management Act, the
Oklahoma Pollution Control Coordinating Act
of 1968, and the nuisance laws of Oklahoma.
Nationally there is the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act for which the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is the regulatory
mechanism. The basic control for feedlots is
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) in which every discharger of
pollutants must obtain a permit from the EPA.
To obtain this permit the discharger must
meet federal water quality guidelines. Feedlot
pollution Is a rapidly developing area of law In
the United States. (Bates-East Central)
5014-B2
FLUSHING PIGGERY WASTES
N. E. Relnbott
Queensland Agricultural Journal, V. 103, No.
1, p. 3-8, Jan.-Feb., 1977. 12 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Flushing, Swine wastes, Design,
Effluent.
A system for flushing piggery wastes out of
the building Is described. It has many advan-
tages over conventional pits which store
wastes In water for days, resulting In odors,
unhealthy rearing conditions, and constant
attention to pit emptying frequencies. The
flushing system consists of a tank which
automatically and regularly dumps water Into
a sloped trench under the slatted piggery
floor. The water's force flushes out the
manure. The tank, which has a sloping side, Is
slowly filled with water until the water's
weight alters the balance and tips the tank,
dumping water Into the trench. Dumping
frequency can be controlled by regulating
water flow into the tank. Tank and trench
dimensions and construction Information are
noted. Effluent can be flushed about 100 ft by
this method. Less water Is used than with a
conventional pit. (Solid Waste Information
Retrieval System.)
5015-A6, C2, F3, F4
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL
METHODS FOR DETECTING
AND MEASURING MALODORS
FROM ANIMAL WASTES
Mlcroblologlst, USDA-ARS, Washington
State University, Pullman, Washington
L. R. Elliott
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 1, p.
130-135, Jan.-Feb., 1978.1 fig., 2 tab., 33 ref.
Keywords: Odor measurement, Chemical
properties, Wet chemistry, Gas chromatc-
graphy, Organoleptlc properties, Technology.
The purpose of this paper Is to describe
odor-measurement technology, methods of
approach, and areas where future research Is
needed. The nose, wet chemistry, and gas
chromatographlc detection are methods that
are used to measure odors and gaseous
emissions. Olfactory evaluation Is widely
used, but is not selective In determining odor
components and reproduclblllty Is low. Both
wet-chemical and Instrumental methods are
used to separate, Identify, and quantify odor
compounds. Most wet-chemical techniques
suffer from a lack of detection sensitivity and
specificity. In contrast, gas-chromatographlc
(GO) techniques can be used to detect much
lower ambient concentrations of odor com-
pounds. All olfactory and analytical odor
measurements have limitations, and pre-
sently, none are simultaneously rapid, simple,
Inexpensive, and reproducible. Future re-
search is needed for direct aerial evaluation of
emissions with odor correlations. Odor mea-
surements must be conducted under strictly
controlled and measured conditions, and must
be correlated with odor panels. The relation-
ship between odor Intensity, distance, air
movement, and relative humidity must be
considered too. Quick and economical means
of measuring odors from waste management
system must be developed In order to expand
odor contact technology. (Bates-East Central)
5016-B1, Cl, C2, C3, Dl, D2, D3,
E3 E4
PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM
FEEDLOT WASTE
Department of Microbiology, College of
Veterinary Medicine and Biomedlcal Sci-
ences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado 80523
S. M. Morrison, G. K. Elmund, D. W. Grant,
and V. J. Smith
Development In Industrial Microbiology, V.
18, p. 145-155, 1977. 2 fig., 4 tab., 35 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Refeed-
ing, Substrates, Physical treatment, Chemical
treatment, Biological treatment, Proteins,
Tr/choderma virlde, Candida utll/s.
Procedures are described for the extraction
and recovery of a protein-enriched fraction
from beef feedlot waste. Approximately half
of the manure proteins (250 mg/g) solublllzed
in 0.1 N NaOH are recovered by precipitation
with sodium or ammonium sulfate. Protein
analyses on sieve fractionated manure and
direct microscopic counts Indicate that 45
percent of the total protein Is of microblal
origin. The suitability of the protein-extracted
fiber residue as a substrate for Tr/choderma
virlde QM 9414 biomass production Is
enhanced by prior hydrolysis with cellulase.
The following treatments, in order of effec-
tiveness, Increased the susceptibility of
manure fibers to cellulase: ball-milling,
alkali-treating, grinding. The sugars released
during enzymatic hydrolysis can serve as a
carbon source for the growth of Candida util/s.
The theoretical protein yield from extracted
and fermented fresh manure Is approximately
350 mg/g. (Morrison-Colorado State Univer-
sity)
5017-B1, Cl, C2, Dl
MECHANICAL LIQUID-SOLID
SEPARATION OF BEEF, DAIRY
AND SWINE WASTE SLURRIES
Agricultural Engineering Department, Clem-
son University, Clemson, North Carolina
29631
R. 0. Hegg, R. E. Larson, and J. A. Moore
Paper presented at American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 67th Annual Meeting,
Oklahoma State University, June 23-26, 1974.
20 p. 3 fig., 7 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Separation techniques, Cattle
wastes, Dairy wastes, Swine wastes, Screen
separators, Chemical oxygen demand remov-
al, Dry matter removal.
The objective of this research project was to
determine the potential amounts of dry matter
(DM) removable from beef, dairy and swine
waste slurries by screening, using three types
of commercially available, liquid-solid screen
separators. The three screens were (1)
rotating, (2) vibrating, and (3) stationary,
sloping screens. The test facility used for the
rotating and vibrating screen was a closed-
system. The sloping screen was evaluated In a
field oxidation ditch. The DM removal rates,
using the rotating screens, were generally
quite low, except for the 2.95 percent DM
dairy slurry. The COD removals were higher
than the DM removal rates. In the stationary,
sloping screen, the average screened solids
removed ranged from 0.88 to 14.84 percent,
Indicating that an average 7.75 percent of the
solids were removed from the beef waste
slurry where Influent solids concentrations
ranged from 0.97 to 4.41 percent DM. The
screened solids ranged from 13.27 to 22.5
percent DM. The vibrating screen results
showed that for beef slurry the percent DM
removed from the influent to effluent was less
than 16 percent, and COD removed was less
than 7 percent. Dairy waste slurries ranged In
concentrations from 0.95 percent to 1.90
percent DM. DM removed ranged from 8-15
percent, and COD removed were generally
below 10 percent. For swine slurries, the
percent DM removed ranged from 3 percent
on 12-mesh-screens to 26 percent on 30-mesh
screen. Study conclusions were: (1) Mechan-
ical liquid-solid screen separators with screen
sizes ranging from 12 to 30 mesh will remove 5
to 15 percent DM and COD. (2) Mechanical
liquid-solid screen separators generally pro-
duced screened solids of 10 to 15 percent DM.
(3) For the screen sizes used In this study (12,
20, 22, and 30 mesh) the screened solids from
swine waste had higher DM contents than
beef or dairy solids. (4) Screen sizes of 20 to 40
mesh retained the highest percentage of DM
from the waste slurries tested. (5) More than
50 percent of the DM removed from beef,
dairy and swine waste solids are retained on a
20 mesh screen. (Bates-East Central)
5018-B2, B5, C2, E2
COW SLURRY MANAGEMENT
WITH PARTICULAR REFER-
ENCE TO BRIDGET'S
Bridget's Experimental Husbandry Farm,
Martyr Worthy, Hants, England
M. Appleton and S. J. Richardson
ADAS Quarterly Review, V. 23, p 294-305
1976. 2 fig., 5 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Slurries, Land
application, Crop response, Application rates,
Waste disposal alternatives, Nutrients.
187
-------
This Is a report on experiments concerning
cow slurry management at Bridget's Experi-
mental Husbandry Farm where slurry Is
washed from a confinement dairy building
through a chopper pump and then stored In a
181,000 liter below-ground, concrete pit. The
diluted slurry water Is then reclrculated for
cubicle washing. The winter slurry from the
dairy unit mainly Is applied to 8 ha of land that
Is subsequently cropped with maize, potatoes
or kale. Some slurry Is applied to grassland
when necessary. Studies have been conducted
to determine the effects of different levels of
application to potatoes, grass and winter
wheat. It Is possible to apply 450,000 liters
(winter slurry from 60 cows applied to 1 ha In
10 applications over the winter) without
problems to the land subsequently cropped to
potatoes. The potato crop gave higher yields
than a normally fertilized crop. Winter wheat
yields showed a big response to the residual
effects of slurry applied to the previous potato
crop. The response Increased as the level of
slurry application increased. The application
of slurry from 40 cows to 1 ha (286,000 liters In
10 applications) did not produce any grass kill.
In another study, the levels of slurry applica-
tion were supplemented with Inorganic ferti-
lizers to meet the crop nutrient requirements.
Also mentioned In the report are some
alternative methods of slurry disposal. They
are: discharge to sewer, off-farm disposal,
biological treatment, and land disposal.
(Bates-East Central)
5019-B1, B2, B3, C2, Dl, D3, E2,
Fl
HANDLING OF MANURE FROM
DIFFERENT ANIMALS AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Unl-
versltv of Illinois at Urbana-Champalgn,
Urbana, Illinois 61801
D. H. Vanderholm
Paper presented at the American Society of
Animal Science Symposium on Alternatives In
Animal Waste Utilization, Madison, Wiscon-
sin, July 27, 1977, 20 p. 8 tab.
Keywords: Waste management, Feedlots,
Confinement pens, Liquid wastes, Solid
wastes, Fertilizers, Nutrients, Costs, Ana-
erobic lagoons, Land spreading, Sprinkler
irrigation
Data and discussion are presented which
Indicate the relative importance of fertilizer
value to manure management system costs.
Liquid manure systems and bedded manure
systems tend to minimize nitrogen (N) losses
and maximize fertilizer value. In contrast,
anaerobic lagoons tend to lose large quantities
of nutrients, which may even be an advantage
if the land area available for spreading Is
limited. All the systems were compared on a
similar basis in terms of spreading, that Is,
incorporation soon after spreading was as-
sumed in every case. If rapid incorporation Is
not accomplished, N losses from ammonia
volatilization can be very large and this one
aspect can be far more important than any
handling or storage losses up to that point.
Ammonia N losses during sprinkler Irrigation
of liquid wastes can also be large. Liquid
manure systems tend to be more expensive
than the other systems compared. The
fertilizer value is also usually greater from
liquid manure systems, but the additional
return is not large enough to overcome the
extra cost. However, selection of a manure
management system must be based on many
factors. Fertilizer value is only one aspect and
many other considerations such as cost of
gain, system flexibility, odor potential, labor
requirements, operator preference and other
cost and non-cost factors are also Important.
The costs and values shown will not be
completely accurate for a given point In time,
but they can be used to compare the relative
costs and returns. This aspect as well as the
others mentioned can be used to help select
the best manure management and production
system for a given situation. (Vanderholm-
Unlversity of Illinois)
5020-AU, C2
STUDIES WITH HORSES COM-
PARING 4N-HC1 INSOLUBLE
ASH AS AN INDEX MATERIAL
WITH TOTAL FECAL COLLEC-
TION IN THE DETERMINATION
OF APPARENT DIGESTTBILITTES
Department of Animal Science, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2E3
E. I. Sutton
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, V. 57,
No. 3, p. 543-550, Sept., 1977. 4 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Horse manure, Digestibility, Col-
lection methods, 4N-HC1 insoluble ash Indica-
tion method, Grab samples, Apparent digest-
ible nitrogen, Digestible energy
Three series of digestibility experiments with
mature geldings Indicated no significant
differences between the4N-HC1 Insoluble ash
Indicator and the total collection methods for
determination of apparent digestible nitrogen
and digestible energy. There were significant
differences (P<,0.05) between animals for the
Insoluble ash method In two of the three trials.
No significant differences were found when
the number of sampling days involved was
reduced from 7 to 4 days and random grab
samples of feces were used for Insoluble ash
determinations. Random grab samples taken
for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days did not give significantly
different digestion coefficients using the
Insoluble ash indicator method. Period differ-
ences In the Insoluble ash method were
observed when 3-day collections during five
successive periods were taken from four
individual geldings by the grab method. A
study with four geldings during the two test
periods using cotton strips as Indicators
showed mean rate of passage of dlgesta to be
70.2 h. The overall results suggest that
random grab fecal samples using the 4N-HC1
insoluble ash method has potential for use in
the determination of digestibility coefficients
for horses. (Sutton-Unlverslty of Alberta)
5021-All, Bl, C3
TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFESTA-
TIONS IN AUTUMN ON PAS-
TURES GRAZED EXCLUSIVELY
BY COWS OR BY CALVES
Instltut fur Parasitologie, Tierarztliche Hoch-
schule, Hannover, Federal Republic of Ger-
many
H. J. Burger
Veterinary Parasitology, V. 1, No. 4, p.
359-366, June, 1976. 1 fig., 1 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords Cattle wastes, Pastures, Herbage
samples, Trlchostrongyle infestations, Larvae
Larval counts were made on herbage samples
collected from 14 calf pastures and 14 cow
pastures at each of three different localities In
Lower Saxony, western Germany, in Septem-
ber, 1974. Significantly higher numbers of
larvae of the genera Ostertagla, Cooper/a and
Nematodlrus were demostrated on calf pas-
tures than on cow pastures In all three areas.
The results suggest that, In the absence of
available "clean" pasture, improved control
of trichostrongyle Infection during late sum-
mer and autumn might be achieved by the
transfer of calves to cow pastures at that time.
(Burger-Institut fur Parasitologie)
S022-A8, B3, C2, E2
RECOVERY AND REACTIONS OF
AMPROLIUM FROM POULTRY
MANURE ADDED TO SOIL
Department of Land Resource Science, Uni-
versity of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
NIG 2 W1
P. R. Warman, R. L. Thomas, C. T. Corke and
E. T. Moran
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, V. 9, No. 4, p.
267-270, 1977. 3 fig., 3 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Land application,
Amprolium, Feed additives, Soli biochemi-
stry, Respiration, Microflora
Amprolium, a coccidiostat added to poultry
feed, occurs In excreta at concentrations of
204/ug g"'and investigations were made of the
effect of this quality of amprollum on the
biochemistry of soil to which manure had been
applied. Greenhouse experiements showed
that 0.8jug u"'amprolium was found in the soil
pots 80 days after treatment with manure at
the equivalent of 56.1 t ha"1 and was
detectable 20 days following treatment at the
equivalent of 11.2 ha"1. Laboratory experi-
ments indicated that amprollum was differen-
tially adsorbed to two complexlng media, soil
and manure. Since amprollum was a constit-
uent of treated manure, it was expected that
the amprolium manure-soil system would
offer varoius sites for adsorption of ampro-
lium. Mixing amprolium with soli and with
soil plus untreated manure yielded approxi-
mately the same effect on amprollum adsorp-
tion based on recoveries In water solution, and
as methanol extractable. However, total
recovery of amprollum from treated manure
added to soil was only a fraction of the above,
indicating the high complexing capacity of the
manure. No effect on soil respiration was
observed by either pure amprolium or
amprolium as a constituent of treated manure.
The higher rate of manure application caused
greater respiration due to the presence of
more readily oxldlzable organic matter, but
the respiration pattern attributed to the
manure component was not unlike the
respiration pattern of Guelph loam soil.
(Warman-Unlversity of Guelph)
5023-A3, A4, A8, B3, C2, E2
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF BEEF
FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO LAND
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
66506
L. Manges, S. Murphy, L. Powers, and A.
Schmid
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-045, March, 1978, 54 p. 2 fig.,
23 tab., 24 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Land
disposal, Crop response, Soil chemistry,
Agricultural runoff, Chemical properties,
Water pollution
188
-------
A study was conducted to determine the
effects of beef feedlot manure application rate
on corn forage yield, properties of soil, and
quality of surface runoff from irrigation and
precipitation. The project was located at a
commercial beef feedlot In southcentral
Kansas. Laboratory and field studies were
made on a proportional sampler for sampling
runoff. The principle of the sampler which
uses orifices for dividing the flow appeared
sound. However, additional development Is
necessary before the sampler can be consider-
ed operational. Quality of runoff from land
receiving annual applications of manure did
not correlate with manure application rate.
Concentration of pollutants varied greatly
between runoff events and concentrations in
runoff from land receiving no manure was
relatively high. Corn forage yields increased
as manure application rate Increased up to
rates of about 100 metric tons per hectare per
year Annual manure applications of up to 50
metric tons per hectare did not lead to harmful
levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
sodium, or magnesium. Concentrations of
calcium decreased regardless of manure
application rate. (H. L. Manges-Kansas State
University)
5024-A8, Bl, C2, E2
INTENSIVE FARMING AND POL-
LUTION
J S. V. McAllister
Agriculture in North Ireland, V. 47, p.
360-362. 1973.
Keywords. Northern Ireland, Farm wastes,
Land application, Fertilizers, Nutrients, Soils,
Chemical analysis
Consideration is given to the effects of
intensive farming In Northern Ireland. It has
been calculated that in Northern Ireland the
nutrients in the excreta from housed animals
on today's fertilizer values are worth over
6,000,000 pounds each year. Consequently,
efficient use should be made of these
manures. A chart is given which lists
estimated values of nitrogen, potash, and
phosphate in farmyard manure, cow slurry,
pig slurry, and hen slurry. Animal excreta
should be returned to fields which need it
most, ie. more slurry should be given to arable
crops or to cut grass than to pastures. Soil
analyses at intervals of 4-5 years should
provide a check on the effectiveness of this
system in controlling nutrient levels. A simple
method for a farmer to work out his own
nutrient balance is by adding the nutrients
purchased in fertilizers to those available in
excreta from housed animals. This involves
the use of standard annual amounts in the
excreta from each type of stock with an
adjustment for losses in storage. (Merryman-
Easl Central)
5025-A6, A7, Bl, C2, Dl, D2, D3,
F2
CONTROL OF ANIMAL PRODUC-
TION ODORS: THE STATE-OF-
THE-ART
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory, P. O. Box 1198, Ada Oklahoma
74820
R D Kreis
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-083, April, 1978, 94 p. 3 fig., 11
tab., 141 ret
Keywords: Air pollution, Odor control, Gases,
Dust, Chemical properties, Odor measure-
ment, Regulation, Legal aspects
Odors emanating from animal production
facilities are the primary environmental cause
for complaint resulting In great corrective
expense and, in many instances, facility
closure. The current state-of-the-art of odor
control technology ranges from intensive
waste management and good housekeeping
practices to chemical treatment and facility
Isolation. These controls at best only limit the
generation and/or quality of animal produc-
tion odors. The most effective odor limiting
technologies are the most cost intensive.
Therefore, the methods used are dependent
upon the seriousness of the situation and the
cost-benefit that may be derived from their
use. Original facility design and site selection
considerations are of great importance to the
existence of confined animal feeding enter-
prises with a non-farm population which is
encroaching at increasinig rates into rural
areas. Land use planning and zoning restric-
tions for agricultural animal feeding purposes
may well be the ultimate odor control tool of
the future for newly Instituted facilities.
Extensive basic and applied research is
required to provide adequate technology for
use by existing facilities. (Kreis-Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory)
5026-B3, Cl, C2, C3, D2, D3, E2,
E3 Fl
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF
SOLID WASTES
G. Golueke
Biological Reclamation of Solid Wastes.
Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, 1977.
249 p 31 fig., 18 tab ., 175 ref.
Keywords: Recycling, Solid wastes, Municipal
wastes, Industrial wastes, Crop residues,
Livestock wastes, Composting, Anaerobic
digestion, Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Photo-
synthetic fermentation, Algae, Land disposal,
Economics, Design
BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF SOLID
WASTES is a fairly comprehensive guide to
the biological processes for reclaiming the
resources in solid wastes, including municipal
and industrial refuse, animal manures, and
crop residues. The book is not intended as a
handbook. Emphasis is on principles rather
than specific details of individual processes.
Topics covered include: (1) Composting,
including principles of the actual process, the
technology used, uses of the product, special
applications, and the economics and status of
composting as a waste treatment process, (2)
Land disposal of primary and secondary
domestic sewage sludges, including charact-
eristics of sludge, and extensive look at the
pros and cons of disposing of sewage sludge
on the land, and other disposal methods; (3)
Anaerobic digestion, including principles,
system parameters, residues and their dis-
posal, and an evaluation of the process; (4)
Conversion of organic wastes into yeast and
ethanol, including the processes of hydrolysis,
fermentation and direct production; and (5)
Photosynlhelic reclamation of agricultural
wastes through algal culture, including princi-
ples, design specifications, and reference to
specific agricultural wastes. Forty-nine draw-
ings, charts, diagrams and tables illustrate
the many techniques and pieces of equipment
used in the biological treatment and applica-
tion of solid waste materials. (Bates-East
Central)
5027-A8, Bl, E2
EFFECT OF QUALITY OF IRRI-
GATION WATER, LEACHING
LEVELS AND FARMYARD MA-
NURE ON THE PERFORMANCE
OF WHEAT AND PEARL-MILLET
Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar,
India 125 004
S.R. Poonia, L R. Johorar, J. Nath, and S.S.
Khanna
Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 44,
No 12, p. 854-859, Dec., 1974. 2 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords: Farmyard manure, Irrigation
water, Leaching, Crop response
To study the effect of the quality of irrigation
water, leaching levels and farmyard manure
on wheat (Jriticum aestivum L.) and pearl-
millet (Pennisetum typhoides(Burm. f.) Stapf
& C.E. Hubb.) an experiment was conducted
on a sandy-loam soil of Hissar, with 2 qualities
of irrigation waters (canal and 8 mmhos/cm
ECiw), 3 levels of leaching (0, 25, 50%) and 2
levels of farmyard manure (0 and 50
tonnes/ha). When saline water was used for
irrigation, wheat performed better in the first
year and as good as with canal irrigation in the
second year. But in both the years pearl-millet
showed a significant decrease in the yield
when irrigated with saline water. The levels of
leaching did not have much effect on both the
crops. Farmyard manure proved more benefi-
cial to pearl-millet than to wheat. The quality
of irrigation water, leaching levels and
farmyard manure did not have much effect on
Ca, Mg, Na and K contents in the wheat
gram. But the use of saline water resulted in
an increase in the content of Ca for 13.9 to
16.8 snf 18.4 to 20 9 meq, Mg from 7.9 to 13.1
and 9.2 to 12.0 meq and Na from 20.7 to 33.3
and 15.7 to 62.7 meq/100 g of wheat straw in
1971-72 and 1972-73, respectively. Farmyard
manure increased the K and P contents and
decreased the Na content in the straw
(Poonia-Haryana Agricultural University)
5028-A2, A4, All
INTERNALIZATION IN A STOCH-
ASTIC POLLUTION MODEL
Department of Economics, Tel Aviv Univer-
sity, Tel Aviv, Israel
E. Hochman, D. Zilberman, and R Just
Water Resources Research, V. 13, No 6, p.
877-881, Dec., 1977. 6 fig., 10 ref.
Keywords: Model studies. Stochastic models,
Agricultural runoff, Dairies, Water pollution,
San Francisco Bay, Shellfish harvest
This paper develops and applies a stochastic
model for internalizing pollution externalities.
Pollution occurs or does not, depending on
factors related to a stochastic environment
and human error But the probability of
pollution can be altered by adopting various
technologies. The model is applied to the
problem of effluent runoff from dairies near
the San Francisco Bay, which can prevent
shellfish harvest in the bay. With runoff
holding areas, pollution occurs if a rainstorm
is severe enough to cause overflow. Standards
rather than taxes are used as policy instru-
ments in the model Results generally indicate
that an accurate approximation of stochastic
distribution is a necessity. Specific implica-
tions for the dairy problem are that present
regulations are too lenient. (Zilberman-Tel
Aviv Univeisity)
189
-------
5029-A8, B3, Cl, C2, E2
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMEND-
MENTS ON THE NODU1ATION
AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY
SOYBEAN
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture
and Technology, Pantnagar, India 263 145
S. P. Devand K. V. B. R. Tilak
Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 46,
No. 6, p. 252-256, 1976. 3 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Organic wastes, Land application,
Crop response, Soybeans, Indian, Modulation,
Nitrogen fixation
Field experiments were conducted in the rainy
seasons of 1972 and 1973 to study the effect of
various organic amendments to soil on the
yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation by
soybean variety "Bragg". The soil was
amended with manures (farmyard manure
and poultry manure) and cakes (linseed cake
and Indian mustard cake) separately at the
rates of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 tonnes/ha. Soils
amended with manure recorded better nodul-
ation, more leghaemoglobin synthesis and
consequently higher nitrogen fixation than the
unamended soils and the cakes-amended
soils. Application of cakes beyond 2.5
tonnes/ha to the soil impaired the nitrogen
fixation because of poor nodulation. The
manurial treatments brought about a signifi-
cant increase in bean yield when compared
with cakes-amended soils, but the number of
pods/plant was significantly more from the
cakes-amended soil. (Dev-Govind Ballabh
Pant University of Agriculture and Techno-
logy)
5030-A11, B3, Cl, C2, E3
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF
BROILERS FED VARIOUS POUL-
TRY WASTES
Nutrition Section, Agriculture Research Coun-
cil's Poultry Research Centre, King's Build-
ings, West Mams Rd., Edinburgh EH 9 3JS
Scotland
R. Blair, A. G. Downing, and K. M. Herron
Poultry Science, V 55, No 5, p. 2010, Sept.,
1976.
Keywords. Refeeding, Dried poultry wastes,
Feed additives, Performance
2200 Ross I broiler chickens, housed in floor
pens, were fed from day-old on a control diet
or on a diet containing 10>.dehydrated broiler
litter (DPL), in-house dried battery waste from
a deep-pit house (IHDW) or dehydrated
poultry battery waste (DPW). Two samples of
DPL were used, one from birds fed 3-nitro and
containing 31 p.p.m. arsenic (DPLX) and the
other from birds fed no 3-nitro and containing
4 p.p.m. arsenic (DPLY). Moisture (>J, crude
protein (' „) and determined metabolizable
energy values (kcal./kg) of the DPL, IHDW
and DPW respectively, 9.7, 35.3, 128
and 1150; 13.8, 27.5, 12.7 and 1050; and 10.5,
28.0,10.5 and 950. All diets were calculated to
be isoenergetic, and isonitrogenous in terms
of true protein. Mean live weights (g.) at 8
weeks of age of birds fed the control, 10
DPLX, 10J.DPLY, 10MHDW and 10>. DPW
were, respectively, 1966, 2100, 2139, 2029 and
1961, and feed per live weight gain over the
0-8 week period was 2.16. 2.15, 2.14, 2.26 and
2.23, respectively. Pathogenic organisms and
mycotoxms were not detected in the wastes
and the health and gradings of the birds were
excellent (Copyright 1976 - Poultry Science)
(Abstract Only)
5031-B3, C2, D3, E3
BARK BROILER LITTER AS A
POTENTIAL FEEDSTUFF FOR
RUMINANTS
Department of Forestry, Clemson University,
Clemson, South Carolina 29631
P. Labosky, Jr., J. W. Dick, and D. L. Cross
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 6, p. 2064-2069,
Nov., 1977. 3 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords; Litters, Refeeding, Ruminants,
Softwood bark broiler litter, Hardwood bark
broiler litter
To assess the potential use of both softwood
and hardwood bark broiler litters as a
feedstuff for rumin.mts, the nutrient composi-
tion and In vitro digestibility for both raw and
ensiled bark litters were chemically evaluated
and compared to softwood planer shavings
broiler litter. Each bark type was either
processed or used directly as it came from the
rosserhead debarker. Ensiling studies showed
the lactic acid content was higher for
hardwood bark litters than for softwood planer
shavings. Softwood bark litter contained the
least amount of lactic acid after fermentation
in mini-silos. In vitro dry matter digestibility
was higher for hardwood bark litters than for
softwood bark litters or softwood planer
shavings. No difference in In vitro dry matter
digestibility was observed between raw and
ensiled bark litter. No differences in ash,
phosphorous, ether extract, nitrogen, total
energy, and acid detergent fiber content were
observed among the litters tested. The pH of
ensiled hardwood bark was lower than ensiled
softwood bark. Results indicate that from a
nutritive standpoint, bark litters are potential-
ly useful as a ruminant feed. Hardwood bark
litter also appears to ensile better and to be
more digestible and possibly more nutritious
than softwood bark and softwood planer
shavings litter. (Labosky-Clemson University)
5032-A 7, B3, C3, E3
LITTER REUSE EFFECTS ON
SELECTED TURKEY PRODUC-
TION AND PROCESSING PARA-
METERS
Department of Poultry Science, Texas Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, College Station,
Texas 77843
F. A. Golan and F. A. Gardner
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 5, p. 1717-1718,
Sept., 1977.
Keywords: Litters, Turkeys, Recycling, Bac-
teria, Air pollution, Molds, Yeasts
As a result of the economic potential involved
in using litter more than once, combined with
the need for more information concerning the
microbiological concepts of litter reuse, the
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station work-
ing with a Texas turkey producer Initiated a
cooperaiive research program. Specific objec-
tives of the program were: (1) characterize
litter and air environment of the turkey, (2)
evaluate turkey litter reuse and develop
quality control concepts, (3) develop manage-
ment recognition of microbiological paramet-
ers. Data from the microbiological samples
revealed that mesophilic bacterial concentra-
tions were maintained at a level of 1 billion
bacteria/gram after 2 weeks in both new and
recycled brooder house litter. A maximum of 1
million coliform per gram of litter is present in
new or recycled brooder house litter after 2
weeks. The brooder house air environments
contained approximately 1000 airborne meso-
philic bacteria per cubic foot of air after 2
weeks of age, and 100 airborne mold and yeast
per cubic foot of air. A significant correlation
exists between mesoplilic bacteria in the
brooder litter and brooder airborne mesophilic
bacteria. (Golan-Texas Agricultural Experi-
ment Station) (Abstract only)
5033-A6, A9, AW, Bl, C3, Dl,
D2, D3
MECHANICAL ROTAVATION OF
POULTRY MANURE AS A METH-
OD OF FLY CONTROL
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
Extension, University of Florida, 5339 State
Road 579, Seffner, Florida 33584
C. F. Hinton
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 5, p. 1717-1718,
Sept. 1977.
Keywords: Fly control, Poultry wastes, Me-
chanical rotavation, Odor, Insecticides, Biolo-
gical control, Florida, Moisture content
The Tampa Bay's annual production of poultry
manure exceeds a quarter of a million tons.
Florida's warm weather, horizontal summer
rains and open poultry nouses allow for wet
manure and Its resultant files and odors. This
problem Is accentuated by high land costs
which do not allow producers to adequately
buffer themselves for the vast number of
urban-oriented retirees who want to settle
next to a farm without the annoying by-pro-
ducts of agricultural production. Producers
are also faced with rising I nsecticlde costs and
their reduced effectiveness as larval resist-
ance to pesticides Increases. Many have
turned to biological control. However, under
Florida conditions, biological control often
allows a rapid buildup of soldier flies. These
wasp-like insects are beneficial, but their
larval stage mechanically breaks down coned
manure. This reduces air exposure, raises
moisture and promotes an aerobic bacterial
action. Over the years, producers have found
that mechanically rotavating manure reduces
its moisture content and breaks the fly cycle.
An added fringe benefit is that the resultant
manure is a more valuable and versatile
product. Currently almost half of Tampa Bay's
nearly two hundred producers are utilizing
mechanical rotavation in lieu of insecticides as
a means of controlling fly larval development.
(Hinton-University of Florida) (Abstract only)
5034-B2, B3, Cl, Dl, D2, El
A METHOD OF MANURE DIS-
POSAL FOR A BEEF PACKING
OPERATION: FIRST INTERIM
TECHNICAL REPORT
Procedyne Corporation, 221 Somerset Street,
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
R. Ricci
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-77-103, June, 1977, 63 p. 17 fig., 6
tab., 11 ref
Keywords: Meat packing industry, Paunch
manure disposal, Fluid bed incineration,
Waste treatment, Filtration, Screening, De-
sign
190
-------
The report contains the preliminary studies,
process development, process calculations,
and process design for a system to successful-
ly handle the paunch manure In a beef
slaughtering operation. These studies result-
ed in a system in which the paunch manure is
collected from the slaughtering operation
and is fed to a screening device which
separates the coarse solids. The screenings
are dewatered to a solids content of 37
percent. This dewatered material Is then sent
to a fluid bed incinerator via a screw conveyer.
The liquid stream from the screening is fed to
a settler and Is combined with the liquid
stream from the dewaterer prior to sand
filtering. The filter cake is fed to the
incinerator using screw conveyor. The filtrate
is recycled back to the settler. (Ricci-Proce-
dyne Corporation)
5035-A7, Bl, Cl, C2
SOURCE ASSESSMENT:
CATTLE FEEDLOTS
BEEF
fertilizer (NPK), have shown a better yield
effect of NPK than of F.Y.M., when the same
amount of plant nutrients were supplied from
the two types of fertilizer. Depletion plots
showed the necessity of supplying all three
nutrients N, P and K to get maximum yields.
Yield was always limited by the absence of
added N. In Its presence, P was limiting in the
loam field and K In the same field. Soil
analyses of the depletion plots gave Increaslna
phosphorus and potassium Indices while
yields declined. The humus content in soil
evidently decreased during the years,
especially in the sand field. The explanation
could be a dilution with soil following
increasing intensity, especially in regard to
depth of soil cultivation. (Kofoed-Askov
Forsogsstation)
5037-B1, C2
METHODS OF FECAL COLLEC-
TION AND NUTRIENT LEACH-
ING IN DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES
Agricultural Engineering Department, Ore-
gon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
J. K. Koelliker and R. Dleker
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 858-859, July,
1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Moisture content,
Probe hay moisture detector, Drying
Rapid measurement of poultry litter moisture
content with a probe hay moisture detector
was compared with conventional oven drying
at 50°C. An average of six detector readings
together with a calibration curve can be used
to estimate moisture content wlthini 5*(wb)
with 90>e confidence over moisture contents
from 15 to 45V Total time required to make
such a determination was about two minutes.
Below 15/t. the detector is insensitive, above
45 , the detector scale divisions are too small
to read precisely. When a quick estimate of
moisture content is needed, this detector
should be useful as a management tool.
(Koelliker-Oregon State University)
Monsanto Research Corporation, 1515 Nicho-
las Road, Dayton, Ohio 45407
J. A. Peters and T. R. Blackwood
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-77-107, June, 1977, 101 p. 20 fig.,
19 tab., 52 ref.
Keywords: Air pollution, Cattle, Dusts,
Gases, Ammonia, Thiols, Air pollution con-
trol, Stationary sources, Feedlots, Source
assessment, Particulates, Sulfides, Source
severity
The report describes a study of atmospheric
emissions of fugitive dusts and volatile
products from beef cattle feedlots. Total
particulate emissions are affected by feedlot
area, cattle density in pens, wind speed, and
the regional precipitation-evaporation index.
The predominant volatile product, ammonia,
constitutes 70?,, to 90>, of the total gaseous
emissions. Emissions from the beef cattle
feeding industry constitute 0.35 »= of the
national emissions of total particulates. Eight
states have emissions of total dust which
exceed 1.0 >• of the state total particulate
emissions burden. Source severity for total
particulate is 0.069 (+or- 0.017); for ammonia,
0.88 (-v or 0.42); and for sulfide and
mercaptan gas, 0.395 (-tor - 0.19); with all
errors stated at the 95 ^confidence level.
(Source severity is defined as the ratio of the
maximum ground level concentration of an
emission to the ambient air quality standard
for criteria pollutants or to a hazard potential
for noncriteria pollutants.) (Peters-Monsanto
Research Corporation)
5036-A8, B3, C2
ASKOV 1894: FERTILIZERS AND
MANURE ON SANDY AND
LOAMY SOILS
Askov Forso.gsstation, 6600 Vejen, Denmark
A. D. Kofoed and O. Nemming
Annales Agronomiques, V. 27, No. 56,
583-610, 1976. 4 fig., 30 tab., 31 ref.
p.
Keywords: Farmyard manure, Fertilizers,
Crop response, Soils, Denmark, Nutrients
Experiments on sandy loam and light sandy
soil in Askov 1894-1972, comparing the effect
of farmyard manure (F.Y.M.) and artificial
Department of Environmental, Population,
and Organismic Biology, University of Colo-
rado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
J. T. Windell, J. W. Foltz, and J. A. Sarokon
The Progressive Fish Culturist, V. 40, No. 2,
p. 51-55, April, 1978. 3 tab., 24 ref.
Keywords: Fish feces, Fecal collection, Nu-
trients, Leaching, Digestibility, Chemical
properties
Quantitative data are presented on nutrient
leaching from fish feces remaining in water
for varying periods. Rainbow trout (Sa/mo
gairdneri) were fed a multicomponent diet and
feces produced were collected from the trough
sediment with a fine-mesh net after 1, 4, 8,
and 16 h. Removal of fecal samples from the
lowest 2.5 cm of the intestine followed by 1 h
water immersion gave digestibility coeffi-
cients comparable to those of feces netted
from trough sediment at 1-h intervals. This
relation suggested that absorption of nutrients
was completed before the materials moved
into the lower 2.5 cm of intestine. Most
leaching of nutrients from feces occurred
during the first hour in water.Storage of feces
in trough water for 1 h increased digestibility
estimates for dry matter, protein, and lipid by
11.5, 10.0, and 3.7 percentage points,
respectively. A gradual increase in leaching of
nutrients continued up to 4 h, but little or no
leaching occurred between 4 and 16 h after
defecation. In a second experiment, four
methods of fecal collection were compared
after rainbow trout were fed pelleted herring
meal. Collection of the lowermost fecal pellet
by intestinal dissection of anal suction gave
equivalent digestibility coefficient values for
dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipld.
Netting of fecal sediment up to I h after
defecation gave values for dry matter and
protein that were elevated by about 5?* ,
whereas samples collected by the stripping
technique gave values 5'/nlower than those for
samples collected by Intestinal dissection
and anal suction (Windell-University of
Colorado)
5038-B1, Cl
COMPARISON OF PROBE HAY
MOISTURE DETECTOR AND
CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR
DETERMINING POULTRY LIT-
TER MOISTURE
5039-All, B3, C2, Dl, D2, E3
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF
PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE
FOR BROILERS
Department of Animal Sciences, Washington
State Universtiy, Pullman, Washington 99164
C. N. Coon, J. P. Nordheim, D. C. McFarland,
and D. E. Gould
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1002-1007,
July, 1978. 1 fig., 7 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Dried poultry wastes, Chemcal
treatment, Potassium hydroxide, Refeeding,
Performance, Poultry, Metabolizable energy,
Lysine
Processed poultry waste (PPW), previously
dried in a forced air oven and chemically
extracted with potassium hydroxide to remove
uric acid, was fed to broiler chicks to
determine the metabohzable energy, available
lysine, and the replacement value of PPW for
corn in thick rations. Feed efficiency, feed
consumption, and weight gain of chicks
receiving 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5. PPW for 14 days
was not significantly different from chicks
receiving the control corn diets. The metaboli-
zable energy and available lysine of PPW was
1225 kcal/kg and .25*= respectively. The
available lysine in PPW represented 67£of the
total lysine. (Coon-Washington State Univer-
sity)
5040-AH, B3, C2, D3, E3
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF
A SINGLE CELL PROTEIN FROM
POULTRY MANURE
Department of Poultry Science, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, New York 14853
A. E. Henry, R. E. Austic, M. L. Shuler, F
Kargi, H. W. Seeley, Jr., and R. Vashon
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p 1144 July
1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Poultry manure, Fer-
mentation, Aerobic conditions, Quail, Poultry,
Performance
Studies were conducted to evaluate the
nutritional quality of a single cell protein
(SCP) produced from poultry manure. The
191
-------
material was generated by a two-stage,
continuous aerobic fermentation process. The
process design and composition of the
fermentation product is described in a
companion abstract (Austlc et. al.)- Young
Japanese quail were fed a practical diet
containing 10, 20, or SOMyophillzed SCP for
one week after hatching. Normal growth
occurred at the 10>. level but the 20 White
Leghorn chicks were fed purified diets
containing 10, 20, 30*» lyophillzed product
between the 5th and 12th days of age with
only the 10*level being accomodated without
depressed performance. No gross or hlsto-
pathological symptoms were observed In
chicks fed the highest level of SCP. In
subsequent trials chicks were fed SCP
oven-dried at 75C. Oven-dried product was
included in the diet up to the 20jllevel without
adverse effects on growth, feed consumption,
or efficiency of feed utilization. The metabol-
izable energy of the SCP was determined to be
3.61 kcal/g. These nutritional studies Indicate
that the SCP has value for feeding to poultry.
(Henry-Cornell University) (Abstract only)
5041-A9, AW, Bl, D2
USE OF THIOCARBAMIDE
CONTROL HOUSE FLIES
CAGED LAYER HOUSES
TO
IN
Department of Poultry Husbandry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
WJaynes and J. M. Vandepopuliere
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1147, July,
1978.
Keywords:Fly control, Thiocarbamide, Poul-
try manure additives
A field study was conducted to evaluate the
efficacy of thiocarbamide (thlourea) as a
poultry manure additive in decreasing house
fly population in caged layer houses. Manure
in houses containing 6,000, 7,200, and 12,000
hens, located on three separate commercial
egg farms, was treated weekly for eight
weeks. One house of similar size on each farm
was used as a control. All houses were cleaned
prior to initiating the study. Weekly house
treatment consisted of dissolving .26 g
thiourea per hen In 40 gallons of water and
spraying the solution directly on the manure.
Five manure samples (1.5 liter) were taken
randomly from each house on a weekly basis
and placed in Dixie #T10-09 plastic buckets.
The buckets were covered with a Lily
(F10T1-165 ounce ice cream container with
screened bottom and stored for two weeks.
Estimates of adult fly numbers were made
weekly. After two weeks storage adult files
were killed using a commercial fly bomb and
total numbers for each sample recorded.
Manure samples from the thlourea treated
houses contained 68, 76, and 94 percent fewer
adult flies for the 6,000, 7,200, and 12,000 bird
houses respectively than the comparative
samples from the untreated houses. (Jaynes-
Universlty of Missouri) (Abstract only)
5042-A11, B3, E3
EFFECT OF FEEDING RAW AND
COOKED SOYBEANS AND KID-
NEY BEANS AND DRIED POUL-
TRY WASTE IN CORN AND RICE-
BASED DIETS TO LAYING
CHICKENS
Department of Animal Science, 365 W1DB,
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
N. P. Johnston and A. C. Wagner
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1148, July,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry, Diets, Soybeans, Kidney
beans, Dried poultry wastes, Refeedlng,
Performance, Egg production, Egg weight
Single Comb White Leghorn caged laying
chickens were fed corn and rice-based diets
supplemented with raw or extruded soybeans
and raw or cooked (25 mln at 134C) kidney
beans. In some rations dried poultry waste
was a constituent as well. The kidney beans,
soybeans, and corn were fed both whole and
ground. Observations were made of the
dietary effects on egg production and egg
weights. When comparing the results of
chickens fed soybeans to those fed a
corn-soybean meal control diet (control) the
following was observed: (1) there were no
significant (P(.01) differences in egg produc-
tion when extruded beans were incorporated
in ground corn diets and rice diets with and
without DPW; (2) when extruded beans were
added to whole corn diets there was a
significant (P< .01) drop in egg production; (3)
feeding raw beans in whole and ground corn
diets with and without DPW significantly
reduced egg production; and (4) egg weights
were not affected by any of the raw or
extruded soybean diets. When comparing
the results of the control diet to those from
kidney beans it was found that cooked and raw
kidney beans with ground or whole corn or
with rice significantly lowered (P< .01) egg
production. By the second week all kidney
bean treatments were at less than 15%
production. Generally all kidney bean treat-
ments resulted in reduced egg weights with
some significantly lower. Egg production was
superior from soybean diets (raw and cooked).
Rice-based diets yielded similar production
and egg weights as corn based diets.
(Johnston-Brigham Young University) (Ab-
stract only)
5043-A9, A10, Bl, D2
TfflOCARBAMIDE AS AN IN-
SECTICIDE WHEN APPLIED TO
CAGE LAYING HEN FECES
Department of Poultry Husbandry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
J. J.Lyons and J. M. Vandepopuliere
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1152, 1153,
July, 1978.
Keywords: Fly control, Litters, Chemical
treatment, Thiocarbamide
A laboratory procedure was established to
study the effect of thiocarbamide on the
development of house flies (Musca domestics,
L.) In the manure of caged laying hens. Eight
welded wire cages (30 cm x 40 cm) were
designed to house 24 mature white Leghorn
laying hens, 3 hens per cage. Each cage was
suspended in the upper port ion of a 40 cm x 50
cm x 80 cm screen wire covered frame. A
screened 40 cm x 80 cm door allowed access to
the cage. A cloth tube 38 cm in diameter and
50 cm long was installed In each door for
removal and litter treatment. Water was
supplied by Hart cups to each cage and feed
was delivered through a covered opening on
the top of each structure. Plastic goggles
(Peepers) were placed on each hen to prevent
consumption of the files. Laboratory-reared
wild-strain house flies were released in each
cage periodically throughout a twelve week
experiment. The feces from the hens were
treated weekly with thiocarbamide levels of
.00, .08. .16, .24, .32, .48. .64, 1.28g/bird per
week. Fecal samples were removed from each
cage, placed in a covered container and
incubated for two weeks. No flies emerged
from the manure samples treated with
thiocarbamide levels of .24 g or greater.
(Lyons-University of Missouri) (Abstract only)
5044-A 7, Bl
MICROFLORA OF Affi SAMPLES
FROM POULTRY HOUSES
Animal Sciences Department, University of
Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843
C. F. Peterson, E. A Sauter, J. F. Parkinson,
J. E.DIxon, and R. C. Stroh
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1180, July,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry houses, Air quality, Micro-
organisms, Sampling, Bacteria, Molds
Studies were conducted to determine micro-
bial numbers in air samples from poultry
houses. Birds were housed at .42 and .84 m3 /
bird at temperatures of 15.6 and 26.7C. Air
samples were taken weekly using a New
Brunswick STA 200 microbiological air samp-
ler. Plate counts were used to determine total
numbers of aerobic and anaerobic, and
coliform bacteria and molds. Numbers of
Escherich/a co/i and Staphylococcus aureus
were determined using MPN procedures
Other microorganisms were identified and
their numbers estimated by picking repre-
sentative colonies from plates. Bacterial
numbers averaged 1.9 x 10* /m* for the
higher density and 4.0 x 10®/m* in pens with
lower density housing. These differences were
highly significant (P< .01). There was also a
signific" it (P •'. .05) buildup with time in
microbial counts from high density pens; In
contrast, increases in'samples from low
density pens were nonsignificant. Mold
counts ranged from ^10 to 4.1 x 10"*/m* of air.
Twelve genera of bacteria representing 24
species were Identified. Two genera, Pseud-
omonas and M/crococcus, represented about
half the isolates. Seven genera of molds were
identified with Aspergl/lus and Penclllium
being the most common. (Peterson-University
of Idaho) (Abstract only)
5045-A7, All, 31
EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC
AMMONIA AND STRESS ON
BROILER MALES
Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
C. L. Queries and D. D. Caveny
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1181, July,
1978.
Keywords: Air pollution, Ammonia, Poultry,
Performance, Animal health, Airsacculltls
Ammonia at levels of 0, 24, and 50 ppm was
introduced into 12 environmentally controlled
chambers that contained broiler male chicks.
The gas was Injected Into the test chambers
from 4 to 10 weeks of age. Ammonia was
withdrawn from some of the rooms from 8 to
10 weeks of age. Average body weights, feed
efficiencies, and air sac scores were measured
at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age. Average body
weights and feed efficiencies were reduced In
the chambers receiving ammonia. Average
192
-------
body weights at 10 weeks of aae did not differ
on those birds not receiving ammonia from 8
to 10 weeks of age. Total air sac scores were
higher for those chambers receiving ammonia
whether or not it was withdrawn during the
period 8 to 10 weeks of ape. The results
indicate that ammonia gas at levels of 25 or 50
ppm with infectious bronchitis vaccination
stress may affect chicken performance and the
incidence of airsacculitls. (Quarles-Colorado
State University) (Abstract only)
5046-A6, Bl, C2, D2
ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION
OF POULTRY EXCRETA FROM
HENS CONSUMING FEED
TREATED WITH AN ODOR SUP-
PRESSANT
Poultry Science Department, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
R. D. Reynnels and C. J. Flegal
Poultry Science, V. 57, No. 4, p. 1182, July,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry excreta, Odor control,
Feed additives, Ammonia
Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were
used to determine the effectiveness of a
commercially available (H&D brand) excreta
odor suppressant as a feed additive. Duration
of the trial was the first five months (1-5) of
lay. There were two pullets per cage in all four
replicates in ei.ch of five treatments. Treat-
ments were: (A) H&D 12.3 parts per
thousand; (B) 24.4 parts per thousand; (C)
37.5 parts per thousand; (D) 44.8 parts per
thousand; and (E) 0 parts per thousand in the
feed. All diets were isocaloric and isotrogen-
ous. Every 28 days a randomly selected panel
ranked composite excreta from each treat-
ment. All possible treatment pairs were
scored using a one when the odor of that
member of the pair was more objectionable, or
a two if the odor was less objectionable.
Contingency tables were constructed for each
month's data and for comparisons within the
separate months. The Bonferoni Chi-square
test was used to evaluate data within the
months with significant (Chi-square) treat-
ment differences. The control sample (E)
odor was more objectionable than the (D)
sample for months two through four. Treat-
ments B or C vs. E for month four, and B vs. E
for month two indicated that the control
sample was more ob|ectionable than treated
samples. All other comparisons were not
significant . Fourth month excreta samples
were evaluated for NH^ concentration, which
was not different among the treatments.
Apparently the H&D function is to mask odor,
rather than change th NH3 concentration In
general, higher level of H&D favorably
altered the odor of hen house stored excreta.
(Reynnells-Michiqan State University)
5047-B1, Fl
EPA/SBA LOANS FOR WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL
Anonymous
Agricultural Engineering Newsletter, V 3
No 2, p 1,2, Feb , 1977
Keywords: Water pollution abatement, Fin-
ance, Small Business Administration, Envir-
onmental Protection Agency
The Small Business Administration (SBA) is
now authorized to grant loans to farmers and
non-custom livestock feeders in order to build
water pollution abatement facilities. This is an
extension of an existing SBA loan program to
assist farmers in controlling erosion, chemical
pesticide and fertilizer runoff, or discharge of
animal wastes. Farmers or feedlot operations
can borrow any necessary amount at 6 5/8>i>
interest for 30 years, providing a farmer's
gross sales doesn't exceed $275,000 annually.
Under new regulations Issued February 8,
loans will be made by the SBA following
issuance of a written statement from the EPA
regional office that the proposed abatement
steps are necessary and adequate to comply
with local, state or federal water pollution
abatement requirements. This loan program
Is expected to remove Important barriers
implementing nonpoint source pollution con-
trol plans now being developed by areawide
(Section 208) water quality planning agencies.
More information on the EPA/SBA program
can be obtained from the SBA or the
coordinator of EPA's Small Business Loan
Program (WH-586). Other programs available
to farmers to obtain pollution control funds
include the USDA Agricultural Conservation
Program and the Farmers Home Administra-
tion, under the Rural Development Act of
1972. (Bates-East Central)
5048-A11, B3, E3
MANURE REFEEDING TO BEEF
CATTLE
Anonymous
Agricultural Engineering Newsletter, V. 3,
No 2, p. 3. Feb., 1977.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Excrement-recon-
stituted gram, Refeeding, Cattle, Performan-
ce
Cattle manure can be reconstituted with grain
to extend the available feed supply by 20%
according to researchers at Texas A&M
University. Fresh, whole excrement was
mixed with grain sorghum to achieve 30ft
moisture, and mixture was reconstituted in
oxygen-limiting structures for 15 to 30 days
Excrement-reconstituted grain increased feed
conversion in steers by I3*as compared to dry
rolled gram. Flavor and carcass qualities
were equal or superior with the manure-re-
constituted grain ration Manure-reconstitut-
ed grain proved 13^more digestible than dry
grain and 7°;more digestible than water-re-
constituted grain. (Bates-East Central)
5049-B2, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E3
REFEEDING WASTES TO DAIRY
CATTLE
Anonymous
Agricultural Engineering Newsletter, V. 3,
No. 2, p 2, 3, Feb , 1977
Keywords Dairy wastes, Separation techni-
ques, Dehydration. Ensiling, Refeeding,
Flushing, Irrigation, Lagoons
Three commonly used procedures for refeed-
mg cattle wastes are- (1) Screen separation of
liquid manure and direct refeeding of fibrous
fraction; slurry irrigation or lagoon treatment
of liquid fraction and recirculatlon of lagoon
effluent for flush water. (2) Screen separation
and ensiling of fibrous fraction with other
feedstuffs; irrigation or lagooning/recircula-
tion of liquids. (3) Daily scraping and ensiling
all manure with other feedstuffs (wastelage
method). Three methods used to prepare
poultry litter or caged layer manure for
refeeding are: (1) Dehydration, (2) Ensiling,
(3) Ensiling broiler litter alone. Besides the
potential economic benefits of nutrient recov-
ery, refeeding is viewed as an energy
conservation method in that it reduces the
amount of energy otherwise needed to
produce feedstuffs. Refeeding encourages
frequent (daily) collection to preserve protein;
this assists odor and fly control efforts.
(Bates-East Central)
50SO-B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E3
IT'S NO BULL! COLORADO
TOWN TO CONVERT COW MA-
NURE TO NATURAL GAS
Anonymous
CH2M Hill Reports Fourth Quarter, 1977, p
10-11 1 fig.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Bioconversion,
Recycling, Physical treatment, Biological
treatment. Algae, Feeds, Fertilizers, Energy,
Lamar Power Plant, Colorado
In Lamar, Colorado construction of a large
scale bio-conversion facility to produce me-
thane gas from raw manure is planned for
early 1978. The facility will cost approximately
$14 million to build and will be capable of
processing manure from 50,000 feedlot cattle.
The Lamar plant will have four major
components: mixing and grit removal facilities
to produce a manure slurry and remove sand
particles; a digestion complex to process the
slurry and produce the methane gas, a
degasification tower and centrifuges to
process sludge from the digesters for cattle
feed; and algal ponds to treat the effluent
from the centrifuges. The bio-conversion plant
will have several economical design features.
Waste solids will be sold as fertilizer or as a
supplement to cattle feed. Algae will be used
to purify effluent water and then will be
harvested and sold as a protein source, alona
with the waste solids. The treated water will
be recycled within the system. Warm conden-
sate from the Lamar Power Plant will be used
lo heat the digestors and algae ponds and to
provide makeup water for the mix tanks. The
balance will be returned to the power plant for
reheating and recirculatmg. Bio-gas from the
digestors will be compressed for use by the
City of Lamar Power Plant. Carbon dioxide
will be removed from the gas and will be used
to control pH in the algal ponds (Bates-East
Central)
5051-B3, E4
AN ATTEMPT TO MECHANIZE
NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM
ANIMAL EXCRETA
Animal Physiology and Genetics Institute,
Feed Energy Conservation Lab , USDA-ARS,
Beltsville. Maryland
H J. Eby and W. L Dendy
Transcations of the ASAE, V 21, No. 2, p
395-398, March-April, 1978. 7 fig , 5 ref
Keywords Poultry wastes. Substrate, Fly
193
-------
larvae, Refeeding
A mechanized system was developed to
determine the feasibility of using fly larvae to
extract nutrients from animal wastes and of
recovering the larvae for ultimate use as a
feedstuff on a large scale. The system was not
sufficiently efficient to justify further develop-
ment at the present time. Environmental
conditions conducive for growth of larvae In
the batch incubator were not adequately
maintained. Components of the system,
however, should be useful In the technology
for mass rearing of insects. The larvae screen
separator satisfactorily attained a 90 percent
separation efficiency. (Eby-Feed Energy Con-
servation Lab.)
5052-B2, C2, E2
QUALITY VARIATION OF
STORED FEEDLOT RUNOFF
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln, Nebraska
C. L. Linderman and J. R. Ellis
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 2, p.
337-341, March-April, 1978. 7 fig., 2 tab., 13
ref.
Keywords: Feedlot wastes, Waste storage,
Agricultural runoff, Effluents, Chemical anal-
ysis, Irrigation, Nitrogen, Salinity, Electrical
conductivity
This study showed that composition of stored
effluent changes considerably with time.
Therefore, decisions based on effluent anal-
ysis should consider the number and timing of
samples. For example, samples taken only
once at the start of an irrigation season may
show higher rates of nitrogen and lower rates
of total salt application than actually results
during the season, Effluent analyses for the
first irrigation each season are compared with
the average values for that season. Usually,
the first effluent analysis of the irrigation
season satisfactorily approximated the aver-
age V.S. for the season. The N and NI-^-N,
however, decreased during the season, and
the first N measurement was usually much
larger than the season average. The first P
measurement was larger than the season
average at site 1, but lower than the season
average at site 2 where P Increased with time
because of increasing T.S. concentration. The
first K measurements were near the season
average for all years. The E.C. was relatively
low at site 1 and irrigation rates based on the
first measurement of the season would
approximate the season's average. At site 2,
however, the average E. C. was 2.5 times the
values measured at the first Irrigation in 1971
and 1973 and was a very high salinity hazard
based on E.C. (U.S. Salinity Laboratory,
1954). Therefore, the relatively simple mea-
surement of feedlot effluent E. C. and soil
soluble salts should be checked frequently if
large amounts are applied to the soil. without
sampling, it is nearly impossible to determine
what amounts of each nutrient are being
applied to the soil in effluent and how much is
readily available to the crop. Periodic analyses
of effluent quality should be combined with
soil analyses to monitor salt accumulation and
the nutrient status. Then, future fertilizer and
effluent applications can be adjusted accord-
ingly. (Linderman-USDA; Merryman, ed.)
S053-A7, All, A12, Bl, C3
AEROSOL CONCENTRATION IN
A TURKEY BARN ENVIRON-
MENT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
L. D. Jacobson and K. A. Jordan
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 2, p.
325-328, March-April, 1978. 7 fig., 10 ref.
Keywords: Air pollution, Bacteria, Turkeys,
Humidity, Ventilation, Litter management,
Animal health, Public health
Bacterial concentrations were higher In a
turkey house environment than in other
contaminated areas. These levels were great-
er at turkey level than at human mouth level.
No airborne E. Co/i bacteria were found in the
turkey barn. Particulate concentrations In a
turkey house environment exceed those found
in other environments. They do not surpass
OSHA limits on inert or nuisance dust but
these limits are approached. These levels
increased when turkey activity Increased.
There was no evidence of a relationship
between bacterial and particulate concentra-
tions in this experiment. Also no correlation
existed between data collected by number
counting instruments (Bausch and Lamb) and
mass counting instruments (Lundgren Impact-
or) since they respond to different segments of
the dust spectrum. Thus, no single Instrument
was found which characterizes both bacterial
and particles concentrations within a turkey
house environment. Bacterial and particulate
concentrations In a turkey house are affected
by environmental conditions. The 50 percent
relative humidity level appeared to surpass
bacterial survival. It was also observed that
dry litter conditions Increased particulate
concentrations. It has been established that
high concentrations of bacteria and partlcu-
lates have been found in turkey house
environments. The reduction of these levels
may improve turkey health as well as the
health of people who work in these facilities.
Research is needed from veterinarians and
public health personnel to answer these
concerns. If these bacterial and particulate
concentrations are shown to be damaging,
then engineers need to find effective mea-
sures of reducing them. This may be
accomplished by increasing ventilation rates,
experimenting with different litter manage-
ment techniques, or changing relative humi-
dity levels. (Jacobson-University of Minneso-
ta)
5054-A11, A12, C3, E2
FATE OF PATHOGENS IN SOILS
RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES --
A REVIEW
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska
J. R. Ellis, and T. M. McCalla
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 2. p.
309-313, March-April, 1978. 4 tab., 54 ref.
Keywords: Animal wastes, Land application,
Pathogenic bacteria, Animal health, Public
health
Pathogenic organisms have long been asso-
ciated with animals and their wastes. Many
studies have shown, however, that pathogens
in animal waste are not as numerous, nor do
they cover as broad a spectrum, as those In
human waste. A number of pathogenic
organisms are Identified with disease trans-
mined in animal wastes: Salmonella, Myco-
bacterium, Erysipelothrix, Leptosplra, Clos-
trid/um, Bacillus anthracls (food-and-mount-
disease virus) (FMD virus), enterovlruses,
and helminths. Most pathogens cannot sur-
vive outside the host, and those that do
seldom multiply. Factors influencing patho-
gen survival In waste material and soil Include
'waste treatment, moisture, sunlight, pH,
temperature, antibiotics, toxic substances,
competitive organisms, available nutrients,
organic matter, and soil type. Researchers
have concluded that proper application of
animal waste to land rarely causes a health
problem for animals or humans: In fact, It is a
safe method of waste decontamination. (Ellls-
USDA)
5055-A5, A8, B2, C2, E2
SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT ON
A SOIL-PLANT ENVIRONMENT:
AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State Univer-
sity, Blacksburg, Virginia
E. R. Collins, Jr., E. T. Kornegay, and D. C.
Martens
Bulletin 110, Virginia Water Resources Cen-
ter, Blacksburg, Virginia, Jan., 1978, 38 p. 1
fig., 34 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Effluents, Biologi-
cal treatment, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic
treatment, Land disposal, Irrigation, Crop
response, Soil contamination, Leaching,
Heavy metals, Nutrients
Two biological treatment units for a swine
production unit were evaluated. One unit was
maintained as an anaerobic system, the other
as a mixed aerated unit by means of a floating
mechanical aerator. Wastes were flushed into
each unit by recirculation of effluent. Analysis
of the supernatant of both systems showed
that, with time, accumulations of heavy
metals and other elements increased. Effluent
from both treatment systems was irrigated on
fescue plots, and effects on soli, soil water,
and plant tissue were determined. While no
visible deleterious effects were noted over a
period of one and one half years, accumulation
or high uptake of Na, Cu, and Zn was recorded
in both plant tissue and soils; over extended
periods, these effects could be serious if not
controlled. Nitrate leaching from plots was
minimal. Other waste constituents measured
did not appear to be limiting factors in land
disposal of swine lagoon effluent. (Collins-Vir-
ginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univer-
sity)
5056-B2, E3, Fl
FLUSHING SLAT
HANDLING SYSTEM
WASTE
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of California, Davis, California
IB. Horsfield and W. Shupe
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 2, p.
329-331, 336, March-April, 1978. 1 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Liquid wastes,
Flushing, Gutter slat method, Design, Econo-
mics, Waste storage, Lagoons, Waste water
reuse
Two floor designs for concrete slats placed on
a concrete floor for flushing were built, tested
and compared. Both floors had 6 In. wide slat
surfaces constructed with marine grade
aluminum 1/16 In. thick. In both cases, the
gap between the slats was 1 In. Both floors
were 10 ft. long. The slope of both floors was
maintained at 1.2 percent throughout the
tests. A flush tank and distribution box were
located at the upper end of the slope to
distribute the flush flow to each of the gutters.
194
-------
critical, but it was determined that flush tank
size, distribution box cross-section, and orifice
size must be carefully designed. Advantages
of the flushing slat system Include the
following: (1) The flushing gutter slat waste
handling system does not require concrete pit
construction, nor does It store liquid manure
In the building.(2) The Installation of this
concept requires little preparation and can be
Installed after the building Is completed. (3)
The only permanent features of this waste
handling system are the collection sump,
lagoon system, and necessary piping to
transfer liquid both to and from the building.
(4) Because the slats can be simply placed on
graded earth or sand, they are continuously
supported, allowing use of a cheaper (less
strong) aluminum than Is used in conventional
aluminum slats spanning a pit. (5) Since the
flushing slat system is so easily Installed, It Is
also easily removed. (6) Because of the way
the flushing gutter slat system Is Installed, It
may be possible for the owner to treat these
elements as equipment for tax purposes. (7)
Converting older buildings to less labor-inten-
sive waste handling methods can be easily
accomplished with the flushing gutter slat
method. (8) The lagoon system necessary for
recycling flushing liquid can be built at a
fraction of the cost of the concrete pit used
with conventional liquid handling methods.
(Merryman-East Central)
5057-A4, B2, Cl, C2
EFFLUENTS FROM CATFISH
PONDS DURING FISH HARVEST
Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacul-
tures, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
36830
C. E. Boyd
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 7, No. 1
p. 59-62, Jan-Mar., 1978. 2 fig., 2 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Fish farming, Effluent quality,
Catfish, Chemical properties, Nitrates, Chem-
ical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Phosphorus, Settleable solids, Sein-
ing, Draining, Water pollution
Data on effluent quality during catfish harvest
were obtained from ponds on Fisheries
Research Unit, Auburn University Agricultur-
al Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama,
during the fall of 1976. Settleable mattr
concentrations never exceeded the suggested
instantaneous maximum level (3.3. ml /liter)
during the draining phase of fish harvest.
Concentrations of other water quality para-
meters in effluents during this time were
typical of those found in catfish ponds in
autumn. BOD, COD, and total phosphorus
levels were lower in waters of catfish ponds
during th fall than the summer, but concentra-
tions of most measured parameters, including
Settleable matter, in effluents were higher
that corresponding levels in small streams
draining agricultural or forested watersheds
near Auburn, Alabama. Although water
quality is poor in catfish ponds during summer
months, Alabama ponds seldom lose appreci-
able quantities of overflow water during the
summer. It was found that water quality
deteriorated greatly during the seining phase
of fish harvest. Settleable matter values
usually exceeded the suggested maximum.
Rates of discharge of pollutants other than
nitrates were proportionally greater during
the seining phase. Considerable reduction of
pollutants could be implemented by not
releasing water during the seining phase.
(Merryman-East Central)
5058-A3, A4, Bl, E2
CONTROL OF NONPOINT
WATER POLLUTION FROM
AGRICULTURE: SOME CON-
CEPTS
Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Chlckasha, Oklahoma
73018
M. H. Frere, D. A. Woolhlser, J. H. Caro, B.
A. Stewart, and W. H. Wlschmeier
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, V. 32,
No. 6, p. 260-264, Nov.-Dec., 1977. 6 fig., 13
ref.
Keywords: Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972, Non-point sources,
Flow charts, Management, Erosion, Leach-
ing, Agricultural runoff, Pesticide, Fertilizers
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 require the control of
non-point as well as point sources of pollution.
Non-point sources are not discrete and
identifiable. The best way of controlling
pollution from these sources Is not by means
of a treatment plant; rather it is by land
management. Methods of control can be
classified Into two groups: (1) methods
applicable to broad areas, including education
incentives, taxation, and legal penalties, and
(2) farming practices that are site-specific
because of climate, topography, economics
etc. A set of flow charts has been developed
which assesses erosion problems and control
over large areas; evaluates erosion problems
and selects physically feasible control prac-
tices for field-sized areas; assesses potential
nutrient pollution from fertilizer or animal
wastes, leaching, runoff, and erosion; and
assesses potential pollution from pesticides. A
master flow chart shows the general proce-
dure to be followed. The scheme depends on
answers to a set of sequential questions in the
other flow charts. The flow charts should help
users select farming practices to reduce
nonpoint pollution and evaluate their conse-
quences (Bates-East Central)
5059-B1
WELL BUILT MOUNDS MANAGE
THEMSELVES
Editor, Feedlot Management
G. Ashfield
Feedlot Management, V. 20, No. 6, p. 14-17,
June, 1978. 4 fig.
Keywords: Open feedlots, Mounds, Confine-
ment pens, Design, Slopes, Winds, Waste
management
Raymond Riddlestine of Wisconsin combined
open lot dirt mounds with shed confinement
and mechanized feeding on concrete to build a
one of a kind, personally tailored feeding
facility that he and his son could live with for a
long time. The mounds, which were built from
the shale dug up during feedlot excavation,
were constructed parallel to the prevailing
slope and were built large enough to provide
50 sq. ft. of space per animal. Mounds should
be at least 6-8 ft high and should have 4:1 or
5'1 side slope. During mound construction all
earth should be placed in shallow lifts and
compacted into place. The barn was built with
its back to the wind. Weather permitting, the
concrete areas of the feedlot may be scraped
clean once a month. Once a year the entire lot
can be cleaned, scraping the dirt areas as well
and hauling the collected wastes to nearby
fields for spreading. With shale as a base the
mounds are hard and durable. Riddlestine
indicates that what makes the whole system a
success Is the way the winds work with the
building and the mounds to keep the cattle
comfortable and to control pests. (Merryman-
East Central)
5060-B2, B3, C2, Dl
DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND IN-
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COM-
POUNDS IN PIG SLURRY:
EFFECT OF DRYING
Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren, The Nether-
lands
R. G. Gerritse and R. Eksteen
Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 90, No. 1,
p. 39-45, 1978. 4 fig., 3 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Slurries, Drying,
Temperature, Organic phosphorus, Inorganic
phosphorus, Calcium, Copper, Solubility
From gel filtration studies It has been found
that more than 50 >. of organic phosphorus
dissolved In pig slurry is contained in
compounds of high molecular weight. Various
ions, e.g. calcium, copper, orthophosphate,
are bound by these compounds. From the
purine and pyrimidlne base composition and
resistance to acid and alkali treatment It
follows that these organic compounds probab-
ly are complexes derived from polydeoxyri-
bonucleotides (DNA). The effect of drying pig
slurry at various temperatures (0-100° C) on
the solubility of phosphorus, calcium and
copper after redlspersion of the dried slurry
was investigated. The solubility of organic
phosphorus was not affected by drying and
redisperslon in water, but the amount of
phosphorus contained in dissolved oraanlc
molecules of high molecular weight decreased
on drying at higher temperatures. The
solubility of copper was also not affected by
heat treatment. The solubility of inorganic
phophorus is mainly related to the solubility
constants of mineral phosphates. On the other
handjthe total solubility of the cations involved
is determined by complex formation. (Gernt-
se-lnstitute for Soil Fertility)
5061-B3, C2, C3, D3, E3
CHARACTERISTICS OF AERO-
BIC, SOLID SUBSTRATE FER-
MENTATION OF SWINE WASTE-
CORN MIXTURES
Northern Regional Research Center, Agricul-
tural Research Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
B. A. Weiner
European Journal of Applied Microbiology, V.
4, No. 1, p. 51-57, 1977. 3 fig., 2 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Fresh wastes,
Stored wastes, Fermentation, Aerobic condi-
tons, Refeedlng, Lactic Acid, Fatty acids,
Fecal coliforms
A solid substrate form of aerobic fermentation
for fresh and stored swine wastes combined
with corn is described. Acid production and
pH in corn-waste culture with either of these
wastes were comparable up to 35 h. However,
ammonium Ion levels were four-fold higher
with stored waste-corn fermentation Than
with fresh waste-corn cultures. Significant
differences in microbial pattern were found in
195
-------
fermentations of fresh or stored waste mixed
with corn. Total viable flora and lactobacilli
fraction were ten-fold higher In fermentations
of fresh waste-corn compared to stored
waste-corn probably due to diminished availa-
bility of nutrients in old waste. The main acid
component with stored waste-corn was lactic
acid, whereas fresh waste-corn fermentation
produced both lactic and homologous fatty
acids from acetic through valeric acid. Both
types of waste plus corn provided a silage-like
fermentation product with diminished disease
potential which could be used in animal feed
formulations. (Merryman-East Central)
5062-B3, C2, D3, E3
FERMENTATION OF SWINE
WASTE-CORN MIXTURES FOR
ANIMAL FEED: PHOT-PLANT
STUDIES
Northern Regional Research Center, Agricul-
tural Research Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Peorla, Ilinois 61604
B. A. Weiner
European Journal of Applied Microbiology, V.
4, No. 1, p. 59-65, 1977. 1 fig., 3 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Refeedlng, Fer-
mentation, Bacteria, Odor control, Sheep,
Poultry, Swine, Performance, Lactic acids,
Fatty acids, Amino acid
Aerobic cultures of cracked corn tumbled with
fresh swine waste at 35-44^0moisture levels
and at temperatures of 18 to 24° C provided an
acid fermentation with flexible operating
parameters. Lactic acid organisms were
present initially as less than 3 >0 of all
organisms in fresh feedlot waste, but this
group of organisms completely dominated the
culture by 24 h. Coliform organisms, present
at 0.1% or less of initial total flora persisted
with fresh waste-corn at levels of 101 per dry
gram of fermentation product Pilot-scale
fermentation produced a product with 21 to 39
more methionine than corn but was still
limiting for this amlno acid as well as lysine
for young pigs. The fermentation product
from the fresh waste-corn cultures was fed as
the major dietary component to young pigs,
hens, and sheep. Gains and gain/feed for pigs
diminished by one-third in 13-day trial. Laying
hens performed comparably to controls in a
21-day test, and sheep did not discriminate
against the products. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5063-A2, B3, C2, E2
ALTERNATE METHODS OF MA-
NURE HANDLING
Agricultural Experiment Station, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401
F. R. Magdoff, G. D. Wells, A. E. Smith, S.
Golberg, and J. Amadon
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-078, April, 1978, 38 p. 5 fig., 11
tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Waste storage, Dairy wastes,
Agricultural runoff, Vermont, Lagoons, Irri-
gation
The objectives of this research project were to
(a) construct an inexpensive storage facility
for solid dairy cow manure, (b) evaluate its
performance and the extent of pollutants in
runoff from storage facilities, and (c) deter-
mine current manure handling practices in
Vermont and dairy farmers' attitudes and
expectations with regard to possible future
regulations on manure handling. A storage
facility was constructed at the University of
Vermont (UVM), Animal Sciences Research
Center (Spear Street Farm) and runoff from
the site was channeled through sampling
huts. A second site was established on a dairy
farm in North Hero, Vermont. Runoff from the
stacked manure was sampled weekly. The
quality and quantity of runoff from the storage
sites indicate a substantial potential to
pollute. Runoff from open stacks of manure
should, therefore, be contained in a lagoon
and irrigated on cropland. Alternately, runoff
could be eliminated by covering the manure.
A survey of Vermont commercial dairy
farmers (20 or more milking cows) indicated
that most felt they could not afford the cost of
changing manure handling systems. Only
three percent of all dairymen definitely
intended to change manure handling systems.
However, most felt that saving the fertilizer
value of manure would be a more important
reason for them to change systems than would
be reduced chore time. (Magdoff-University
of Vermont)
5064-A9, AW, Bl, D2
EFFICACY OF METHOPRENE
(ALTOSID® IGR), AGAINST THE
HORN FLY, WHEN FED TO CAT-
TLE IN MINERAL SUPPLE-
MENTS
Department of Entomology and Economic
Zoology, Clemson University, Clemson, South
Carolina 29631
J. T. Paysinger and T. R. Adkins, Jr.
Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society,
V. 12, No.3, p. 255-260, 1977. 2 fig., 2 tab., 5
ref.
Keywords: Feed supplements, Fly control,
Methoprene, Cattle wastes
During the spring, summer, and fall of 1974,
an experiment was conducted at Clemson
University to determine it the life cycle of the
horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) in feces
would be interrupted while cattle were
receiving methoprene (Altosid® IGR), which
had been incorporated into mineral supple-
ments. Four herds of cattle were utilized in
the experiment. One herd was maintained as a
control while the other three herds were each
fed different formulations of methoprene
Adult horn fly counts were taken once per
week on the cattle. Twice a week ca. 24-h old
fecal samples were collected in the field and
placed in containers to be taken to the
laboratory where normal larvae, pupa, and
adult development could take place. It was
observed that not only adult horn fly counts on
the cattle, but also adult emergence in fecal
samples decreased in herds which had access
to methoprene treated material. (Paysinger-
Clemson University)
5065-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE:
POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVE-
MENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
New York State College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences,Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853 '
W J. Jewell, H. R. Capener, S. Dell'orto, K.
J. Fanfoni, T. D. Hayes, A. P. Leuscher, T. L.
Miller, D. F. Sherman, P. J. Van Soest, M. J.
Wolln, and W. J. Wujclk
Final Report, Report EY-76-S-02-2981-7,
Fuels From Biomass Systems Branch, U. S.
Department of Energy, Jan., 1978. 2 fig., 1
tab.
Keywords: Fermentation, Anaerobic treat-
ment, Agricultural wastes, Design, Recycling,
Economics, Temperature, Nutrients
This report contains the results of one year of
activity by a multi-disciplinary team at Cornell
University that attempted to evaluate the
potential of rapidly Improving the technology
of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural
residues and methods of implementing it in
existing agricultural operations. The main
objectives of this study were to: identify
simple and low cost anaerobic fermentor
design criteria that would be appropriate in
small agricultural operations, develop high
rate fermentor concepts that would enable
multiple product recovery from the reactor,
expand the information base particularly in
the area of temperature influence on the
process, and to review sociological and
economic issues relating to implementation of
fermentation technology. This study has
identified several major anaerobic fermenta-
tion concepts which Illustrate that the techno-
logy may be rapidly Improved. A simple
reactor design utilizing an unmixed plug
concept was shown to be comparable to the
more complex completely mixed reactor when
using dairy cow residue. This design should
enable the use of low cost reactor materials for
small scale agriculture. A high rate thermo-
philic reactor designed to encourage flotation
of particulate solids illustrated that liquid,
solid, and gaseous products can be generated
within the anaerobic fermentor thus eliminat-
ing an additional dewatering unit process. A
third reactor concept involved extension of the
anaerobic attached microbial film expanded
bed to the treatment of cow manure slurries.
By concentrating the viable microbial mass in
an attached film on small inert particles It was
possible to operate this unit at much higher
flow rates than would be possible with
conventional processes. At a three hour
hydraulic retention time, 35°C, with 2 percent
total solids feed, the reactor was operating In
a stable condition producing gas at a rate of 7
1 /1 day with effluent volatile acids below 300
mg/1 as acetic acid. This is the highest rate of
methane generation recorded for this type of
substrate to date. Comprehensive thermophil-
ic fermentation studies (60°C) indicated that
the increased temperature resulted In little
improvement In total quantity or the rate of
yield of gas over that obtained with mesophillc
fermentation with reactor retention periods
greater than 10 days. A significant improve-
ment was noted for reactor retention periods
less than 5 days with feed total solids greater
than 6 percent of the wet weight. Finally,
other areas where preliminary data was
obtained included: surveys to identify sociolo-
gical issues, computer model economic com-
parison of the cost of anaerobic fermentation
as compared to conventional residue treat-
ment technology, microbiological examination
of reactors operated, and nutrient analysis of
dairy manure before and after anaerobic
fermentation. (Jewell-Cornell University)
5066-A11, B3, C3, E3
BROILER LITTER REMOVED
COMPOSTED, AND USED AGAIN
196
-------
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 435, p. 270 May
1978.
Keywords: Litters, Composting, Recycling,
Poultry, Performance
Ian Hughes, who operates a 100,000-bird unit
in England, is experimenting with reused
broiler litter. The end-of-crop litter Is bull-
dozed out of the house and then left In a heap.
New shavings are used for day-olds, but the
rest of the house is littered down with the old
materlal-not the stuff just removed from the
house, but the material from the crop before
that, which has been standing in a heap for 10
weeks. Piling the manure for 10 weeks causes
a build-up of heat which is believed to kill
harmful microorganisms. lnthe21/2 years that
this litter reuse procedure has been followed.
there have been no obvious problems and
mortality levels have remained low. (Bates-
East Central)
5067-A6, B2, B4, C2, F2
CATTLEMEN INFLUENCE ODOR
CONTROL RULES
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V. 11, No. 103, p. 32, June
1978.
Keywords: Iowa Cattlemen's Association,
Iowa Air Quality Commission, Sulfates,
Odor control, Regulation, Lagoons, Anaerobic
conditions, Waste storage
Sustained effort by the Iowa Cattlemen's
Association (ICA) has apparently had its
influence on Iowa Air Quality Commission
regulatory decisions regarding anaerobic la-
goons The commission staff had originally
proposed banning the use of high sulfate
water "for any purpose in livestock operations
using an anaerobic lagoon" for orgainc waste
storage. The ICA, in testimony at a January,
1978 public hearing, stated that none of the
engineering bulletins on animal lagoons
reviewed by the advisory committee specified
criteria for sulfate levels, and there is no data
available to specify tolerable concentrations.
The Air Quality Commission finally agreed
that no sulfate standard should be required,
and recoginized that regulations should not be
adopted until scientific evidence is well
established. (Bates-East Central)
5068-B1, C2, Dl, D3, E3
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM
ON THE CONVERSION OF POUL-
TRY WASTE TO ENERGY, FEED,
OR FERTILIZER
Pennsylvania State University
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov. 3-4, 1976, 33 p
Keywords: Recycling, Poultry wastes,
Energy, Refeeding, Fertilizers, Waste treat-
ment, Heavy metals, Marketing, Dehydra-
tions, Ensiling
A symposium was held at the Pennsylvania
State University, College of Agriculture on
November 3 and 4, 1976 to discuss conversion
of poultry waste to energy, feed, or fertilizers.
The topics presented included" "Ensilinq
Poultry Litter and Subsequent Feeding,"
"Using Poultry Manure for Vegetables and
Hydroseedlng," Significance of Heavy Metals
In DPW for Feeding," "Marketing of Con-
verted Poultry Wastes," "Progress Report
from the First Year of Operation of the Penn
State Anaerobic Digester," "Poultry Manure
Fed to Lambs," "Conversion Chart from
Customary to Metric and Vice Versa,"
"Agronomy Lab. Chem.-Testing of Turkey
Feed and Products," "Marketing Manure,"
"Companies thru which Dehydrators Are
Available." Also Included Is an evaluation of
the poultry waste symposium and a list of
references from Poultry Science and other
sources. (Bates-East Central)
5069-AH, B3, C2, D3, E3
ENSILING POULTRY LITTER
AND SUBSEQUENT FEEDING
Harvestore Company
0. Owens
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, Fertilizer,
Pennsylvania State University, Nov. 3-4,1976,
p. 1-6.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Ensiling, Refeeding,
Fermentation, Nutrients, Performance
In this presentation a brief history of
Harvestore structures and the effect on
ensiling is given, along with 4 cases of farmers
who refeed poultry manure. Three are about
broiler litter refeeding operations and one is
about a cage layer refeeding operation. Four
areas of caution where refeeding is concerned
are: (1) Never feed raw litter or litter without
proper fermentation in structures, preferably
28 days for safety. Raw or partly fermented
material will throw cattle off feed. (2) At this
time, caution should be used when feeding to
milking cows. In fact, some states forbid
feeding to lactating cows. (3) Refeeding
should be done by people with "cow sense,"
It will require management. (4) More engi-
neering ideas in collecting, handling and
mixing excreta from cage layer houses are
needed. More and more researchers agree
that poultry manure can be fed to ruminant
animals efficiently. The general trend is
toward ensiling in oxygen iimiting storage.
The reasons are: (1) Oxygen limiting fermen-
tation produces a palatable feed with good
acceptance by cattle. (2) Feed efficiency
appears high with Harvestore structures. (3)
Fermentation removes objectionable organ-
isms, makes it safe. (4) Oxygen limiting
maintains its feed value, especially to valuable
protein (5) Greater opportunities are avail-
able for profit. (Bates-East Central)
5070-A7, A8, B2, C2, Dl, D2, E2,
E3, Fl
USING POULTRY MANURE FOR
VEGETABLES AND HYDRO-
SEEDING
Professor of Plant Nutrition
The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802
E. Bergman
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov. 3-4, 1976, p 7-8.
Keywords. Poultry wastes, Chemical treat-
ment, Ash, Drying, Air pollution, Land
disposal, Fertilizers, Crop response, Nutrients,
Research on transforming fresh poultry
manure Into a useful product was initiated by
Dr. Glenn Bressler of Pennsylvania State
University's Poultry Science Department in
the late sixties. At first manure was ashed.
However, this process was abandoned be-
cause of air pollution problems, drying
expenses, and soil salt accumulation. A two
stage drying process was perfected by Dr.
Bressler which yielded an excellent fertilizer
from the poultry manure. The manure's
content was guaranteed to contain 5A.N, 2\
available P^Oy, and 2°'.soluble KZ0. This
dried material was added to the soil, on the
basis of Pennsylvania Soil Testing results, and
crop yield was equal to that of any other
commercial fertilizer. However, dried poultry
manure should be applied on the basis of what
the crop needs. Dried poultry manure also has
been successfully used in the hydroseeding
operation along highways and in reseeding of
spoil banks located in the anthracite region.
Pennslyvania State dried poultry manure,
which is registered and sold under the name
of "Penn Agro 2 SD Poultry Manure," has
been added to mixes for bedding or vegetable
plant production. It is also an excellent lawn
fertilizer and does not smell. Presently the
described material is costwise competitive
with commercial fertilizers when the element-
al content on a pound basis is compared.
(Bates-East Central)
5071-B3, C2, E3
SIGNIFICANCE OF HEAVY
METALS IN DPW FOR FEEDING
Professor of Poultry Science, The Pensylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsyl-
vania 16802
R. Leach
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov. 3-4, 1976, p. 9.
Keywords: Refeeding, Dried poultry wastes,
Heavy metals, Toxiclty, Animal health, Feed
additives
Until recently, little attention has been given
to the heavy metal content of dried poultry
waste. Now several research projects are
investigating this matter. The metal content of
wastes are 2-3 times greater than that found in
feed, according to Drs. Baker and Shipp of the
Pennsylvania State Agronomy department.
Dr. Calvert at the USDA in Beltsville has been
conducting long term feeding trials in which
dried poultry waste was used as a protein
supplement in a steer finishing ration. Results
so far show significant increases in the zinc,
copper and iron of the diet. Tissue analysis
revealed increased copper content of the liver
and iron content of the kidney and a reduction
in the cadmium content of the kidney. At
Pennsylvania State,research has been done to
evaluate the effect of dietary cadmium on the
composition of eggs and meat. Research so far
has shown that muscle and eggs do not
accumulate much cadmium even at levels
many times that found in cadmium contamin-
ated plants. Animal wastes from animals fed
normal diets do not appear to contain
dangerous levels of toxic elements. However,
addition of excess metals to animal diets will
result in waste with a substantially increased
metal content. At the present time sewage
sludge appears to provide more danger than
animal wastes with respect to causing
increases in the metal content of the food
chain (Bates-East Central)
197
-------
5072-33, Cl, C2, E3, Fl
MARKETING OF CONVERTED
POULTRY WASTE
Extension Poultry Specialist, The Pennsyl-
vania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania 16802
H. C. Jordan
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov. 3-4, 1976, p. 10.
Keywords: Dried poultry wastes, Marketing,
Economics, Recycling
A survey of eight producers of DPW in the
period of 1973 through 1976 showed the
following results: (1) Stage I Sales of 14,200
tons for 3-year period at an average price of
$5.95/ton at the farm where it was produced.
Prices ranged from $5-$9/ton. Cost of Stage I
was about $20/ton final product. Another
14,000 tons was used on local fields owned or
leased by producers. (2) Stage II Sales of
24,000 tons for a 3-year period at an average
price of $62.62/ton for DPW sold. Prices
ranged from $35 to $120/ton. Over half of all
sales was bagged at the farm prior to retail
sales. This price was bulk wholesale price and
not retail price to consumer. Cost of Stage II
was over $60/ton. Also, included are some
statements made by those who were survey-
ed (Bates-East Central)
5073-B2, Cl, D3
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE
FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION OF
THE PENN STATE ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
Professor of Agricultural Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802
S. Persson
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Wastes to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov, 3-4, 1976, p. 11-17.
Keywords: Design, Anaerobic digesters,
Slurries, Cattle wastes
The purpose of this Pennsylvania project was
to determine the technical requirements for an
anaerobic digester to be used under actual
farm conditions. This is a report on the first
year of operation. The Pennsylvania State
digester in its present form is a full scale
manure processing plant consisting of a
two-stage anaerobic digester which contin-
uously processes the manure from a 50-cow
stanchion-barn. The gas is heated to 35°C and
agitated by gas recirculation. Fifty-two metric
tons were digested during the first year. A
typical daily charge, Including 3200 L of added
water, was 6200 L of slurry, with a solids
content of 8.3V Observations at the end of the
test period Indicated that no large amounts of
materials had been permanently settled along
the corners of the digester in spite of the flat
floor. The weakest link of the slurry handling
system was the liquid manure pump used to
mix manure with water and to pump it up in
the high feed tank from where it was fed to the
digester As a general observation, it was
found necessary that all parts of the slurry
handling system be designed such that they
would be reached by a mechanical cleaning
device from the outside even when the
digester was full. Another observation was
related to the value ot having alternate
systems for moving the manure through the
system. The main problem In the gas system
was created by condensation of water. A
number of design modifications have been
made based on the experiences of operation:
(1) A ram type manure pump will be used
instead of the centrlfigal manure pump. (2) A
separation for the processed manure and for
recirculation of some liquid to the input end of
the system will be tried. (3) An alternative
system for heating the water for the digester
will be developed using the cooling water and
the exhaust heat from an internal combustion
engine instead of the broiler. (Bates-East
Central)
5074-B3, C2, E3, F2
POULTRY MANURE FED TO
LAMBS
Lancaster Farming
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University,
Nov. 3-4, 1976, p.'18-19. 1 fig.
Keywords: Refeeding, Dehydrated poultry
excreta, Sheep, Crude protein, Calcium,
Phosphorus, Performance, Food and Drug
Administration, Regulation
Dehydrated poultry excreta (DPE) is superior
to alfalfa in its crude protein, calcium and
phosphorus content and may one day be the
preferred protein source for ruminants,
according to Dr. Lewis Smith and Ivan
Lindahl, Beltsville Agricultural Research Cen-
ter scientists. In tests at the research center,
lambs were fed diets supplemented with
either dehydrated poultry excreta or alfalfa
as the crude protein source. The supplements
provided levels of 8 and 12 % dietary crude
protein. Lambs fed the DPE consumed more
feed and tended to convert feed to gain more
efficiently than lambs fed the alfalfa. The cost
pound of gain was 17?;less in lambs fed DPE.
Lambs fed the 12!;proteln diets consumed 22(
more feed, gained 74*; faster and were 39?j
more efficient in converting feed to grain than
lambs on the 8°;dlet. Poultry excreta has not
been approved as a feed for sheep by the
FDA. (Bates-East Central)
5075-B3, C2, Dl, E3, Fl
MARKETING MANURE
H. C. Jordan
Proceedings of Symposium on the Conversion
of Poultry Waste to Energy, Feed, or
Fertilizer, Pennsylvania State University
Nov. 3-4, 1976, p. 21-25. 2 tab.
Keywords: Dried poultry manure, Drying,
Nutrients, Fertilizers, Waste storage, Land
application, Economics
"Whether you make tie tacks using quail
manure, as does Frank Hill of Union, South
Carolina, who sells it for 4 million dollars/ton,
it is important that you sell or use manure]
according to Herbert C. Jordan. Everyone stlli
recognizes manure as a fertilizer if It is
handled properly, so it Is advisable to remove
manure from storage and return it to the soil
as soon as possible. If manure or litter Is to be
stored, store it under dry conditions. If
manure is to be sold, then it must be air-dried
as soon as possible after it is produced.
Bagged manure business Is poor to fair at
best, but some producers sell as high as 40
tons/year In bags. Some commercial compan-
iies are now using poultry manure to
supplement commercial fertilizer. Manure
applied as a fertilizer should be turned into
the soil immediately after it is applied to
prevent odor and water pollution. This also
allows crops to get maximum benefit of the
plant nutrients. Apply 60 or more days before
planting for best results. (Bates-East Central)
S076-B3, Cl
COMPOSITION AND DEGRADA-
TION OF JACKRABBIT AND
COTTONTAtt FECAL PELLETS,
TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
Wildlife and Range Resources Graduate
Program, 407 WIDB, Brigham Young Univer-
sity, Provo, Utah 84602
J. T. Flinders and J. A. Crawford
Journal of Range Management, V. 130, No. 3,
p. 217-220, May, 1977. 3 fig., 1 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Rabbits, Jackrabbits, Cottontails,
Fecal pellets, Degradation rates, Humidity,
Precipitation
Fecal pellets were taken from black-tailed
Jackrabbits and desert cottontail rabbits for
studies of rates of natural degradation.
Microscopic analysis of fecal samples showed
a significant difference In the proportion of
grasses, forbs, and woody plants ingested by
the two leporid species sampled. Jackrabbits
had ingested greater proportions of forb
material. Degradation of fecal pellets was
observed at regular intervals from 1972 to
1974. Time required for complete disappear-
ance of pellets was estimated at 4.4 years for
Jackrabbits and 9.5 years for cottontails.
Relative humidity and precipitation were
strongly correlated (r = -0.98 and -0.95 for
Jackrabbits and cottontails, respectively), with
disappearance of pellets. (Flinders-Brlgham
Young University)
5077-A8, B3, E2
EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF
CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND
BARNYARD MANURE ON YIELD
AND MOISTURE USE OF SIX
SUCCESSIVE BARLEY CROPS
GROWN ON THREE GRAY LUV-
ISOLIC SOILS
Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Bea-
verlodge, Alberta TOH OCO, Canada
P. B. Hoyt and W. A. Rice
Canadian Journal of Soil Science, V. 57 No. 4,
p. 425-435, Nov., 1977. 2 fig., 7 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Fertilizers,
Barnyard manures, Barley, Crop response,
Yields, Moisture use, Canada
High rates of chemcial fertilizer and barnyard
manure were applied separately and together
to barley )Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on
three Gray Luvlsolic solid for 6 successive
yr. The fertilizers were applied annually with
the N-P-K rates greater than 110-50-40 kg/ha.
The manure was applied Initially at 135
tonnes/ha and at 150 tonnes/ha before the
fifth crop. Moisture use by the barley was
measured for the last five crops. Average
yields of barley were 1,530, 3,270 and 3,950
198
-------
ka/ha for the nil, manure and fertilizer
treatments, respectively. The manure
fertilizer treatment gave little or no further
Increase In yield over the fertilizer treatment
Efficiency of moisture use was generally more
than doubled by the fertilizer and fertilizer *
manure treatments. These treatments also
greatly Increased the use of soil moisture
reserves, the greatest Increase being for Beryl
fine sandy loam, followed by Hazelmere loam
and the least for Nampa clay loam. Soil
moisture reserves at harvest time were
depleted more under the fertility treatments
than under the control plots. However, by the
following spring, soil moisture reserves were
nearly equal under the different plots having
been replenished by fall and winter precipita-
tion. These results show that on stubble land,
moisture restricted yields much less than
nutrients did and, on that basis, continuous
cropping of Gray Luvlsollc soils is discussed.
(Hoyt-Agrlculture Canada)
5078-A11, Bl, C2
EXCESS AMMONIA CAUSES RE-
SPIRATORY PROBLEMS
tlon, ensiling alone or with other materials,
composting, deep stacking, oxidation-ditch
treatment, solids-liquid separation, chemical
treatment, pelleting, and fumigation. Each
of these processing methods Is discussed.
This report was developed In response to the
statement, "Recycled Animal Waste," pub-
lished by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) In the December 27, 1977, Issue of the
Federal Register (V. 42, No. 248, p. 64662-
64675). This FDA Statement summarized the
present status of feeding animal wastes. The
central Issue in the FDA Statment and In this
report Is the safety of animals fed animal
wastes and, more Important, the safety of the
human population consuming the animal
products. There is no evidence that feeding of
animal waste presents hazards to human
health. The only documented evidence of a
harmful effect on animal health from feeding
waste has been copper toxiclty in ewes fed
broiler litter that was high In copper content
as a result of feeding high copper sulfate
levels to the birds. The main safety concerns
about feeding animal wastes are the potential
for harmful residues of pesticides, drugs,
minerals, and other toxins, and the hazard of
disease transmission. It is conceded that there
Is a need for study and documentation in these
areas. (Merryman-East Central)
three phases of manuring on the zinc content
of soil, zinc concentration uptake by maize and
wheat crops are reported. Available zinc
status of the soil was significantly Increased
and decreased with farmyard manure and P
applications, respectively. Application of K
did not significantly affect the available zinc In
soil. Similar effect of farmyard manure P and
K was obtained on the total zinc content of the
soil. The application of P, In general, reduced
zinc concentration In both maize and wheat
crops. Uptake of zinc by wheat Increased with
P application. But In maize tho uptake was
decreased at 60 kg PaOy/ha level In all the
manuring phases, though the differences
were not significant. (Sharma-Punjab Agricul-
tural University)
S082-AS, C2, E2
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS USE
OF CHEMICAL FERTILISERS
AND MANURES ON SOIL PHYSI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL PROPER-
TIES
Anonymous
Animal Nutrition and Health, V. 33, No. 5, p.
9, June-July, 1978.
Keywords:Poultry management, 'Half-house
brooding', Ammonia, Respiratory problems,
Airsacculltls, Southeast United States
Respiratory problems and collbacillosis have
been a major concern of most poultry
operations in the Southeast in recent months.
A factor that contributed significantly Is
ammonia. The problem has grown more
intensive in recent years due to changes in
management and brooding conditions. Broiler
growers have gone to 'half-house brooding'
which causes an excessive accumulation of
moisture and fecal material resulting In
ammonia concentration build-up. Ammonia
detection begins at 20 ppm. At this concentra-
tion a decrease in body weight, elevation of
feed conversion and a significant increase In
airsacculitls condemnations and downgrading
results. This level of ammonia will also
increase the bird's susceptibility to Newcastle
disease virus resulting In a more severe
vaccination reaction which in many cases
produces a complicated respiratory problem
usually called colibacillosis. (Bates-East Cen-
tral)
5079-A9, All, A12, C2, C3, Dl,
D2, D3, E3
FEEDING ANIMAL WASTE
Council for Agricultural Science and Techno-
logy
Report No. 75, Council for Agricultural
Science and Technology, June 22, 1978, 48 p.
2 tab., 162 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Nutrients, Safety, Ani-
mal health, Public health, Food & Drug
Administration, Copper toxiclty
The nutritional value of animal wastes Is
examined, citing poultry wastes to be the best
refeeding source. Appropriate processing
methods are important in treating animal
wastes so that nutrient loss will be limited,
palatabllity will be increased, and bacterial
pathogens and parasites will be eliminated.
Processing methods used Include dehydra-
5080-A8, E2
EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND
MANURE ON THE ROOT CATION
EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF
SOME RICE AND WHEAT VARI-
ETIES
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural
Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varan-
asl, U. P. India
S. Singh and L. C. Ram
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,
V. 24, No. 4, p. 427-431, 1976. 2 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Fertilizers, Land application, Crop
response, Root cation exchange, India
NPK fertilizers with organic matter generally
increased the root cation exchange capacity of
certain varieties of rice and wheat crops
throughout their physiological growth stages.
Organic matter alone also increased the root
CEC of all the varieties of wheat after tillering
stage of plant growth. Application of N in soil
significantly increased the root CEC of wheat
varieties and some varieties of rice throughout
the planl growth. Phosphorus and potassium
had little effect. (Slngh-Banaras Hindu Uni-
versity)
5081-A8, C2, E2
EFFECT OF LONG TERM APPLI-
CATION OF P, K AND FARM-
YARD MANURE ON THE ZINC
CONTENT OF SOIL
Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhlana, Punjab, India
K. N. Sharma and O. P. Meelu
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,
V. 23, No. 1, p. 76-82, 1975. 3 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Phosphorus,
Potassium, Zinc, Crop response, Soil chemis-
try
The effect of P, K and farmyard manure and
Agricultural Chemistry Section, Durgapura,
Jaipur, Rajasthan. India
P. D. Gattanl, S. V Jain, and S. P. Seth
Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, V.
24, No. 3, p. 284-289, 1976. 4 tab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Fertilizers, Land application, Soil
properties, Crop response
Continuous use of FYM helped in maintaining
and improving physical properties and organic
matter content of the soil but failed to give
higher yields in a permanent manurial
experin:ont. On the contrary, the nitrogenous
fertiliser slightly deteriorated soil physical
properties but gave higher yield due to higher
availability of N. The role of phosphatic
fertilizers in improving soil physical proper-
ties is commendable. It has been concluded
that if N fertiliser is used in combination with
P and K plus FYM higher yields can be
obtained without causing any deterioration of
soil physical properties. (Gattani-Agricultural
Chemistry Section, Durgapura)
5083-A4, Bl, C2
NON-POINT SOURCES OF
WATEH POLLUTION
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia
E. C. Collins, Jr.
Non-point Sources of Water Pollution, Pro-
ceedings of a Southeastern Regional Confer-
ence, May 1-2,1975, p. 101-113. 2 fig., 5 tab.,
7 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Non-point pollu-
tion, Agricultural runoff, Livestock wastes,
Poultry wastes, Pollutant sources, Land
application, Economics
The degree of control required for non-point
pollution from animal wastes should be based
on the relative importance of the various
non-poinl sources in specific locations and on
what is technically and logically controllable.
In many cases it appears that it may be
difficult to distinguish between pollution from
farm animal wastes and natural, or "back-
ground," levels of pollution. So, even if
significant effort were extended to absolutely
199
-------
eliminate pollution from farm animal wastes,
little or no change may be noted in stream
quality. In many cases it can be argued as to
whether or not all non-point sources can be
controlled or eliminated If collection and
treatment is anticipated, it should be remem-
bered that the costs associated with conven-
tional waste-treatment systems are prohibi-
tive, especially when compared with the
economics of land disposal and nutrient
utilization of animal wastes. (Collins-Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University)
5084-B1, C2, E3
112 MILLION TONS OF MANURE
PRODUCED IN 1974: USDA
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 28, p. 13, July 10, 1978.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nutrient
recovery
The U.S. Department of Agriculture estima-
ted the livestock and poultry manure produced
in the United States in 1974 to be about 112
million ton-> (dry basis). About 47>0was
produced by beef cattle on pasture and range,
23% from dairy cattle and 30% by other
livestock and poultry (hogs 12; feeder cattle 9;
sheep 3; laying hens 3; broilers 2; and turkeys
1 ?i). The estimated amount of recoverable
manure in 1974 was about 52 million tons (dry
basis) or about 52%of the total livestock and
poultry manure. The total nitrogen in the
manure voided by livestock and poultry in
1974 was about 4.1 million tons, with about
2.6 million tons remaining after storage and
handling losses. About one-third of the
nitrogen originally voided was potentially
available for collection and use other than at
the point collected. The potassium voided was
an estimated 2.4 million tons. About 52>eof the
potassium was economically recoverable. The
phosphorus initially voided, that remaining
after losses in handling, and that available for
recovery were an estimated 1.0, 1.0, o.5
million tons, respectively. (Merryman-East
Central)
5085- A 8, B2, C2, E2
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING
LARGE QUANTITIES OF SLURRY
TO GRASSLAND
Bridgets, Trawscoed and Greal House Experi-
mental Husbandry Farms
H.T H. Cromack, N.G. Lawrence and P.
Smith
Journal of British Grassland Society, V. 28, p.
183, 1973.
Keywords: Land application, Slurries, Dairy
Wastes, Swine wastes, Crop response, Grass
production, Potassium
For the past three years, the effect of applying
large quantities of slurry to grassland has
been investigated at three experimental
husbandry farms. 20,000 to 78,500 gal/ac of
3.5-4.0% DM dairy cow slurry was applied at
Bridgets with 29,000 to 116,500 gal/ac being
applied at Trawscoed in 7-10 dressings to
perennial ryegrass swards during the winter.
The highest rate of slurry application at
Bridgets produced a yield better than that
from a well-fertilized control. At Trawscoed
the application of more than 29,000 ga./ac
depressed production as compared to the
well-fertilized control. Pig slurry of 1.7-2.3>.
DM was applied at rates ranging from 22,500
to 90,500 gal/ac at Great House and from
55,000 to 219,000 gal/ac at Trawscoed to
grassland in 6-12 dressings during the winter.
The application of more than 154,000 gal/ac
depressed annual grass production, but
first-cut yields were depressed by lower rates
at Great House. The application of both types
of slurry greatly increased the K content of
the herbage. The rates of slurry application
which depressed production significantly re-
duced the percentage of sown species in the
sward. Large quantities of cow and pig slurry
can be disposed of on grassland without
adversely affecting its production, but the
efficiency of utilization of the nutrients
applied is low. (Bates-East Central)
5086-B1, C3, F4
WORLDWIDE SURVEY AND
COMPARISON OF ADULT PRE-
DATOR AND SCAVENGER IN-
SECT POPULATIONS ASSOCI-
ATED WITH DOMESTIC ANIMAL
MANURE WHERE LIVESTOCK IS
ARTIFICIALLY CONGREGATED
E.F. Legner and G.S. Olton
Hilgardia, V. 40, No. 9, p. 225-265, 1970.
Keywords: Predators, Diptera, Flies, Live-
stock wastes, Poultry wastes, Confinement,
California, Geographical regions
This paper reports on the survey of fauna in
artificial accumulations of animal manure
from various geographical areas around the
world, including the southwestern United
States. Tables and graphs are used extensive-
ly to compare species and their distribution.
Collection sites in the areas studied were
restricted to animal manure that accumulated
in dairies, poultry houses, horse and hog
pens, and the like, in which the muscoid
species under consideration naturally breed.
The sample sites were nontreated accumula-
tions of hen, bovine, horse, and hog manure
that supported eggs, larvae or pupae on one or
more of the following fly species: Musca
domestica (L.), Stomoxys calcitrans (L.),
Fanniacanicularis (L.), F. femoralls Stein, F.
scalaris (F.), and species of Muscina, Ophyra,
Phormia, Sarcophaga, and Phaenicia. The
samples taken in areas outside California were
not extensive enough to warrant a critical
discussion of regional differences. The data do
suggest, however, a great similarity of species
in the Holarctic and Australian regions, and a
corresponding dissimilarity of the Ethiopian
and Neotropical regions. To successfuljy
establish a species outside its area of origin, it
would seem important to seek a climate
similar to the one where the species was
found. The effects of such predators on the
dipterous species developing in animal ma-
nure cannot be judged merely by their
existence at a breeding site, however.
(Merryman-East Central)
5087-AS, E2
EFFECT OF FARMYARD MA-
NURE (FYM) ON THE YIELD,
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND
CALCIUM AVAILABILITY FROM
GYPSUM AND CALCIUM CAR-
BONATE TO BARLEY IN SALINE-
ALKALI SOIL
Department of Soils, Haryana Agricultural
University, Hissar, India
P.R. Poonia and D.R. Bhumbla
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,
V. 22, No. 4, p. 371-374, 1974.
Keywords: Land application, Farm wastes,
Saline-alkali soils, Gypsum, Calcium carbon-
ate, Calcium availability, Crop response
A preliminary study was conducted to
determine the effect of farmyard manure on
the availability of Ca from gypsum and
calciunn carbonate in a saline-sodic soil, using
taggecrfeaSO^, 2Hi.O, and**CaCO«. Study
results indicated that application of farmyard
manure was not of much use in increasing the
availability of Ca from calcium carbonate or
gypsum in such soils. Its useful effects on
plant growth were indirect, i.e. physical and
nutritional (other than Ca). The contribution
of Ca from calcium carbonate seemed of no
practical significance, although gypsum was
very promising. Application of farmyard
manure in such soils could be of much use, if
applied along with some soluble source of Ca.
(Merryman-East Central)
5088-32, Cl, C2, C3, D3, E2
FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT -
PIGS: 1. BIOLOGICAL FILTRA-
TION TOWER - TERRINGTON
EHF REPORT OF PLANT OPERA-
TION 1973-1974.
ADAS, Terrington EHF
R.H. Jarvis, E.J. Mundy, A.W. Armsby, G.E.
Jones, D.A. Joyce, L V. Vaidyanathan, C.
Baskerville, R S. Cartmell, H. Mann, K.B.C.
Jones, C.G. Chumbley, R.T. Brown
Farm Waste Management - Pigs: 1 Biologi-
cal Filtration Tower — Terrington EHF Report
of Plant Operation 1973-1974, Ministry of
Agriculture Fisheries and Food, ADAS, May,
1977, 36 p. 12 fig., 16 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste treatment,
Effluents, Separation techniques, Biological
Filtration Tower, Land application, Waste
composition
A treatment system for pig effluent was
investigated at Terrington EHF, Kings Lynn,
Norfolk, from April 1973 to September 1974.
Undiluted effluent from just over 200 fatten-
ing pigs was separated into solid and liquid
fractions by a mechanical separator. The solid
fraction was a stackable fairly friable product
suitable for land spreading. The liquid
fraction was treated in a biological filter tower
containing a plastic medium, and after this
was held in a settling tank, with re-circulation
of the liquid through the filter tower. Sludge
was removed almost daily from Ihe settling
tank. The system as-a whole appeared to
oxidize about 60>,oi the applied BOD and 25*
of the COD The large volume of wet sludge
removed from the settling tank presented
problems of disposal similar to that of raw
slurry and this aspect requires further
investigation. Smell in the vicinity of the
treatment plant was not a problem. In the
form tested at Terrington the system would
not be suitable for commercial use but the
development of a technique for the further
treatment of the sludge offers some promise.
With this addition, the system might be
acceptable for the treatment of pig waste
where the availability of land for spreading
200
-------
raw slurry is limited. (Jarvls-ADAS)
5089-A8, C2, E2, Fl
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQ-
UID MANURE OF CATTLE AND
PIGS WITH PLOUGHED - IN
STRAW IN THE CROP ROTATION
Research Institutes for Crop Production,
Institute for Plant Nutrition, Praha-Ruzyne
M. Skarda
Rostllnna Vyroba, V. 20, No. 8, p. 883-894
1974. 2 fig., 4 tab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Swine wastes,
Liquid wastes, Land application, Straw, Crop
response, Economics, Waste components
In the years 1968-1972, in a crop rotation with
50% of cereals on gray-brown podzolic
and brown forest soil, we proved that, as
regards the effect on enriching of the soil with
organic substances, on an increasing of the
gross production, on the productivity of the
supplied N, and on the economic effectiveness
of costs, an average annual dose of 14-20 tons
of liquid manure per hectare together with
13-16 tons ha"x of ploughed-in straw can
substitute 10-15 t ha"* of manure if applied
alone and with mineral fertilization. Com-
pared with manure, liquid manure with straw
increased gross production on gray-brown
podzolic soil on an average by 2 percent, and
on brown forest soil by 10 percent. Liquid
manure with straw increases the effectiveness
of mineral fertilizers up to a dose of 100 kg
N + PK ha"'on gray-brown podzolic soil and up
to a dose os 65 kg N + PK ha"'on brown forest
soil. The applied doses of liquid manure with
straw enriched the soil in the annual average
by 2.4-3.21 ha"' (manure by 1.8-2.0 t ha"' ) or
organic substances. (Skarda-lnstitute for
Plant Nutrition)
5090-B2, D3, E3, Fl
BYCONVERSION OF AGRICUL-
TURAL WASTES FOR POLLU-
TION CONTROL AND ENERGY
CONSERVATION
W. Jewell, H. Davis, W. Gunkel, D. Lathwell,
H. Martin, Jr., T. McCarty, G. Morris, D.
Price, D. Williams
Final Report, TID-21764, Cornell University,
Sept., 1976, 10 p.
Keywords: Recycling, Fermentation, Anaero-
bic, Gas production, Methane, Economics,
Agricultural wastes, Dairy wastes, Cattle
wastes
The combination of concerns for energy
shortages and pollution control has renewed
interest in the possibility of generating energy
from organic wastes This report is a
comprehensive study of the feasibility of
generating a substitute natural gas on U.S.
dairies (40 and 100 cows) and beef feedlots
(1000 head) using the anaerobic fermentation
process. The feasibility in technical, economic
and practical terms are estimated. Although
anaerobic fermentation of wastes has been in
use for ovei a hundred years, little advance in
the understanding of the application to
agricultural wastes has occurred since 1935. It
is estimated that this clean renewable source
of energy could supply a large fraction of the
energy used in farming operations and that if
marginal lands were used to produce biomass
for fuels, the entire U.S. energy demand could
be met. Excluding energy use in manufactur-
ing of equipment and farm chemicals, the
total energy on 40 and 100 cow dairies, and
1000 head feedlots were estimated to be
164x10*", and 307x10 , and670x10<1 , kcal per
year, respectively. The estimated maximum
annual methane energy that could be genera-
ted on these operations were estimated as
216x104 , 473x10> , and 2280x1Ofr kcal,
respectively. Thus, a dairy farm in northern
New York could produce more energy than It
consumes, and a feedlot could produce more
than 3 times the quantity consumed. Ad-
ditional concerns such as timing and type of
energy required limit the replaceable frac-
tion to about one-half the total on the dairy
and only one-third on the feedlot. The
estimated costs of generating methane on 40
and 100 cow dairies and on a 1000 head beef
feedlot were $22.80, $13.40, and $4.50 per 10*
kcal. Unfortunately, if only one-half the gas
can be utilized, half will be wasted and
production costs will double. Detailed analy-
ses of the three operations estimated that the
actual costs for utilization would Increase to
$80, $39, and $11 per 10«» kcal for specific
operations, respectively. The combined bene-
fits of the energy, nutrient conservation and
odor control would offset the cost on the
dairies, and potentially produce an income on
the feedlots. In smaller operations using
liquid manure management where odor
control and nutrient conservation are of
concern, anaerobic fermentation may produce
energy at a cost competitive with existing
alternative energy sources. Farms with more
than 100 cows can begin to consider the
technology as an income producing operation.
It is therefore, concluded that anaerobic
fermentation of agricultural wastes has signif-
icant potential and should receive increased
attention. (Jewell)
5091-A2, B2, C2, Dl, D3, Fl
SERPENTINE SYSTEM IS THE
SOLUTION
S. Aldrich
Feedlot Management, V. 20, No. 6, p. 20,
22-23, June, 1978. 5 fig.
Keywords: Serpentine waterway, Feedlot
runoff, Waste treatment, Costs
Research was conducted by the University of
Nebraska and USDA on the effectiveness ot
serpentine or switch-back waterways to
control runoff from feedlots. The experimental
waterway was constructed on Harland Kram-
beck's feedlot near Gretna, Nebraska. It Is
2600 ft. long and covers about 3 acres. There
are seven hairpen turns on a 6!fcslope. The flat
bottom of the channel is 14'/2 ft. wide and 11/z
ft. deep at the top of the slope, spreading to 27
ft. wide at the bottom of the hill. Smooth
brome and alfalfa are seeded for rowcrop
production using eight, 40 in. rows on the
waterway. Debris traps placed below the
feedlot keep solids from entering the channel.
Research findings show that 90% of the
feedlot runoff Is infiltrated into the waterway.
The remaining 10% is diluted, filtered and
aerated so the nitrogen and phosphorus
contents are below that of normal field runoff.
Also researchers found that It takes 5 to 6
hours after a major storm for runoff to chase
around the full length of the waterway. E.A.
Olson, extension agricultural engineer at the
University of Nebraska, says that the serpen-
tine waterways meet all federal and Nebraska
state pollution control requirements. They
may also be cost-shared when ASCS funds are
available. (Bates-East Central)
5092-A4, El, Fl, F2
FEDERAL FUNDS AVAILABLE
TO SOLVE WATER POLLUTION
Anonymous
Oklahoma Rural News, V. 28, No. 11,
p. 9, June, 1978
Keywords: Water pollution, Legal aspects,
Cost sharing, Rural Clean Water Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Depart-
ment of Agriculture
Water pollution problems caused by agricul-
tural activities, such as soil erosion, runoff of
pesticides and fertilizers, and the contamina-
tion of waterways by animal wastes can now
be solved by many farmers with federal
cost-sharing assistance. An agreement on how
to set up the new Rural Clean Water Program
has been reached by the Environmental
Protection Agency and the Department of
Agriculture. Congress has authorized $200
million in fiscal 1979 and $400 million in FY
1980 for cost-sharing funds under the pro-
gram. The Secretary of Agriculture has been
authorized to enter into long-term contracts
(between 5 and 10 years) with rural land-
owners and operators for the purpose of
installing and maintaining best management
practices to control agricultural "non-profit"
source pollution and to improve water quality.
This agreement on the essential elements of
the Rural Clean Water Programs shows that
environmental and agricultural interests are
compatible, according to Thomas Jorling,
EPA's Assistant Administrator for Water and
Hazardous Materials and one of the agree-
ment's signers on April 25, 1978. (Bates-East
Central)
5093-A2, B2
MODEL TO EVALUATE FEED-
LOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYS-
TEMS
Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas
State University, Manhattan, Kansas
J.J. Zovne, T.A. Bean, J.K. Koelliker, and
J.A. Anschutz
Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage
Division, ASCE, V 103, No. IR1, p. 79-92,
March, 1977. 2 fig., 1 tab., 35 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Feedlot runoff
A computer simulation model has been
developed to evaluate the performance of
feedlot runoff control facilities on a site
specific basis. The model not only examines
performance for single point rainfalls, but
evaluates total performance through extended
wet periods. The model meets the following
objectives: (1) It can simulate the percent of
runoff controlled over an extended period of
time using historical daily rainfall and
temperature records which are widely avail-
able throughout the United States. (2) It can
appraise the performance of control facilities
when waste-water Is disposed on land to
irrigate feed crops. (3) It can be used to
determine the feasibility of employing evap-
oration systems to control wastewater. (4) It
can be transferred to any location in the
United States with a minimum effort expend
ed to obtain model soil and crop constants. (5)
It Is an efficient computational algorithm
written In Fortran IV, which requires a
relatively small amount of storage and
computer time. The maximum core storage is
48k-bytes. Computer charges vary greatly
relative to the system but by any standard of
comparison, a cost of $6 for a 25-yr daily
201
-------
simulation Is minimal. Although the model
has been programmed to be easily extendable
to other livestock producing areas of the
country, the adaptation and calibration pro-
cess for these areas Is not yet complete.
Complete results and guidelines for all major
livestock producing areas of the United States
will be published at a later date. (Zovne-Kan-
sas State University)
5094-AS, El, C2
NATURAL SOIL NITRATE: THE
CAUSE OF THE NITRATE CON-
TAMINATION OF GROUND WA-
TER IN RUNNELS COUNTY, TEX-
AS
Bureau of Economic Geology, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
C.W. Kreitler and D.C. Jones
Ground Water, V. 13, No. 1, p. 53-62,
Jan.-Feb., 1975. 11 fig., 1 tab., 13 ref.
Keywords: Groundwater pollution, Nitrates,
Leaching, Pollutant sources
The ground waters of Runnels County, Texas,
are highly contaminated with nitrate. The
average nitrate concentration of 230 water
samples was 250 mg/1 NOj . The natural
variations of the stable nitrogen Isotopes N1*
and N1'identified natural soil nitrate as the
predominant source. Nitrate from animal
wastes was of minor Importance. The 8 N's
range of natural soil nitrate was* 2 to+ 8 0/00,
whereas the 8 N '* range of animal waste
nitrate was +10 to 4 20 0/00. (Atmospheric
nitrogen was used as a standard for mass
spectrometric analysis. Experimental error for
sample preparation and isotoplc analysis was
0/100.) More than 66 percent of the
ground-water nitrates analyzed were in the 8
N" range of natural soil nitrates. Dryland
farming since 1900 has caused the oxidation of
the organic nitrogen In the soil to nitrate.
Minimal fertilizer has been used because of
the lack of suitable water for Irrigation.
During the period 1900-1950, nitrate was
leached below the root zone but not to the
water table. Extensive terracing after the
drought in the early 1950's has raised the
water table approximately 6 meters and has
leached the nitrate into the ground water.
Tritium dates Indicate that the ground water is
less than 20 years old. (Kreitler-University of
Texas at Austin)
5095-A11, Bl
FRACTIONATION OF NITROGEN
ISOPTOPES BY ANIMALS: A
FURTHER COMPLICATION TO
THE USE OF VARIATIONS IN
THE NATURAL ABUNDANCE OF
lf N IFOR TRACER STUDIES
University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zea-
land
K.W. Steeleand R.M. Daniel
Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 90, No. 1,
p. 7-9, 1978. 4 tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Cattle, Diets. Nitrogen isotopes,
Fractional ion
A study o{ the fractionation of nitrogen
isotopes In the diet by cattle was conducted in"
order to determine the effect of animals on the
Isotoplc composition of nitrogen. A selection
of animals housed In Indoor stalls was fed on
a fixed diet for 21 days with complete
collection of urine, feces, and milk over the
final 7 days. Blood samples were also
collected at the conclusion of the 7 day period.
Analysis revealed that, compared with the
diet, urine had a lower ratio of *N toJ*N, but
feces, blood, and milk all had a higher ratio. It
was concluded that rumen mlcroflora are
unlikely to be the sole source of the observed
fractionation since preliminary evidence
shows a similar fractionation In humans and
pigs. Also the use of natural'*N as a tracer in
grazed ecosystems is more complicated than
was first thought. (Bates-East Central)
5096-A11, B3, C2, E3
DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS A
SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FOR
SHEEP
Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh EH
17 7JH, Scotland
A.C. Field, C.S. Munro and N.F. Suttle
Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 89, p.
599-604, Dec., 1977. 1 fig., 4 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Refeeding, Dried poultry wastes.
Sheep, Performance, Phosphorus, Animal
Health
Tn.is experiment was conducted to measure
the absorption and utilization of the P in
battery and broiler waste by growing lambs
and to attempt to assess the risk of urolithiasis
in lambs consuming diets high in poultry
waste. Groups of six, 8-week-old Scottish
Blackface lambs were given one of eight
experimental diets containing barley and
either 15, 30, 45, or 60?.of dried broiler or
battery waste. Balance trials with z?-P were
conducted on a sample of the female lambs
from each dietary group after 12 weeks. The
phosphorus intakes ranged from 4.6 to
15.9g/day. The proportion of dietary P
absorbed by the lambs (A) ranged from 0.49 to
0.90 and was inversely related to the dietary
intake of P (I). The relationship was
A = 0.893-0.02191. All lambs were in positive
P balance (0.24-2.81g/day), but only the
bones from the lambs consuming the diets
containing 45 and 60Ji broiler waste were not
osteoporotic. The absorbability of P in poultry
waste was as good as that of inorganic P
supplements commonly used in ruminant
diets. All lambs absorbed more P than they
retained. Uroliths of the magnesium ammon-
ium phosphate type were found at
post-mortems, mainly in diets containing 15%
poultry waste, but no clinical cases of
urolithiasis were seen. (Bates-East Central)
5097-B1, D3, E3
ANAEROBIC PROCESSES IN-
CLUDING METHANE FROM
FARM WASTES
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn
Aberdeen AB2 9SB, Scotland
P. Hobson
Proceedings Society for General Microbiolo-
gy, V. 111, p. 116, 1976.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Farm wastes,
Methane
Digestion has been used for many years as a
sludge-treatment system and a source of
power In domestic sewage works. Anaerobic
digestion offers a means of reducing pollution
of thick farm wastes with the possibility of
energy recovery. Pilot-plant experiments have
shown digestion to be possible and potentially
useful, and large scale operations have been
shown to be feasible. The overall possibilities
of digestion In treatment of farm wastes
depend , however, not on the microbiology
but on many other factors, such as climatic
conditions, labor and monetary costs, size of
installation, power Inputs, practical problems
of handling thick sludges and so on.
(Bates-East Central)
5098-A4, Bl, F2
EPA/SBA WATER POLLUTION
ABATEMENT LOANS FOR AGRI-
BUSINESS
J.M. Sweeten
Federal Register, Feb. 8, 1977.
Keywords: Pollution control, Water pollution
abatement loans, Environmental Protection
Agency
This report outlines requirements for
EPA/SBA Water Pollution Abatement Loans
for Agribusiness compiled by John Sweeten
from the Federal Register. Operations that
qualify for the loans are: (A) custom feedlots
with less than $10 million annual sales; (B)
farms or non-custom feeding operations with
less than $275,000 annual sales; (C) process-
ing plants with less than $2 million annual
sales. Also in the report are items that must
be included in the submission of application to
the EPA. The EPA will then issue a "Written
Statement" of eligibility or reasons for
non-issuance within 45 working days. Exclu-
sion to the EPA approval statements are also
outlined. (Bates-East Central)
5099-B2, B3, Dl, E3
RESEARCH DAIRY STUDIES
CONFINEMENT & WASTE RE-
USE
Universitv of Georgia
J.C. Johnson, Jr.
Dairy Herd Management, V. 14, No 5 p
68-69, April 1977. 1 fig.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Slurries, Separation
techniques, Recycling, Bedding, Irrigation
An experimental dairy is described in which
cattle have been housed, fed, and milked for 1
year. The most unusual feature of the dairy is
the handling and recycling of waste. The
parlor, feeding, and housing areas are
constructed on a sloping site with sloping
floors which are flushed clean periodically.
Waste water, carrying with it urine and feces,
is collected in a tank pit where a chopper
agitator centrifugal pump pumps the waste
slurry over a sieve. Screened solids are
odorless and are used for bedding. Liquid
waste separated from the solids Is pumped
daily through underground irrigation lines to
cropland. The facility houses 183 animals in
close confinement. After a hot summer and a
very cold winter, this facility has shown that it
can maintain dairy cattle in close confinement
and can control and recycle resultant waste.
(Solid Waste Information Retrieval System)
202
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5100-B3, C2, D3, E3
RECYCLING SWINE WASTE IN A
GROWING-FINISHING RATION
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
40506
D.G. Overhults, I.J. Ross, G.L. Cromwell, and
J.L Taraba
Paper 78-4007. American Society of Aaricul-
tural Engineers, 1978 Annual Meeting, Utah
State University, June 27-30, 1978, 11 p. 3
fig., 4 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Swine wastes, Swine,
Ensiling, Performance, Ash, Nitrogen, Ether
extract, Waste component
A total of 24 pigs having initial weights
ranging from 25 to 35 kg. (55 to 77 Ib.) were
continuously fed rations containing their own
feces mixed with a basic corn-soybean meal
ration. Both unprocessed and anaeroblcally
fermented (ensiled) manure-feed mixtures
were used with the feces comprising 15-18
percent of the total ration dry matter. A
control group containing a total of 11 pigs was
fed the basic corn-soybean meal ration with no
manure added. Animal feed consumption and
weight gain data were obtained. Samples of
feed mixtures and manures were collected and
analyzed to determine if chemical characteris-
tics of manures and/or feeds were altered by
recycling feces In the rations. Potential
problems in continuous manure recycling
research were identified. Although the data
would not generally support precise cause and
effect relationships, some conclusions from
this study may be noted as follows: (1)
Growing-finishing pigs readily accepted both
an unprocessed and a fermented feed mixture
containing their own feces; (2) Average daily
gains for manure fed pigs were lower than for
pigs receiving a basic corn-soybean meal
ration; (3) The amount of basic corn-soybean
meal ration required to produce a kilogram
(Ib.) of animal weight gain was substantially
less for pigs fed the recycled manure rations;
(4) Better feed efficiencies were achieved from
feeding the anaerobically fermented mixture
than from feeding the unprocessed mixture;
(5) Recycled manure-feed mixtures contained
higher ash contents than the control rations,
but continuous recycling did not cause manure
ash contents to increase; and (6) The
anaerobic fermentations caused only a slight
loss of nitrogen and an increase In ether
extract. It would appear from this study that
both the unprocessed and fermented recycled
manure rations offer some advantage in feed
etticiency but possibly at the expense of lower
daily gains. Further investigation of the daily
gain phenomena is needed. Of particular
interest would be to determine if depressed
daily gains were actually due to a lower total
dry matter intake or to some other cause. The
large feed efficiency advantage for the
fermented treatment certainly suggests that
further investigation of the fermentation itself
would be useful. (Overhults-University of
Kentucky)
5101-B2, B3, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E3
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
OF MANURE INTO SINGLE CELL
PROTEIN
Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado
J. Wallick, J.M. Harper, R.P. Tengerdy and
V.G. Murphy
Paper No. 78-4009, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
17p. 3 fig., 7 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Refeedlng, Feedlpt wastes, Frac-
tlonatlon, Fermentation, Hydrplysls, Waste
components
The need to begin a more rational approach to
beef cattle feeding and waste disposal is
evidenced by the presence of huge piles of
manure at nearly every major feedlot.
Refeeding Is a possible solution to the
problem, but FLW must be processed to reach
Its full potential as a feed. To gain maximum
"feed efficiency from the protein in FLW, a
source of available carbohydrates is needed.
Our work indicates that the fiber portion of the
manure can be separated and partially
hydrolyzed with steam at 170-210" C to
Increase its susceptibility to mlcroblal enzy-
mes. The concept of treating unfractionated
FLW at high temperatures seems unrealistic
because of the well known reactions of
reducing sugars with amino compounds to
form melanins or caramelizatlon products,
which are generally non-fermentable. Future
experiments will determine whether it is
preferable to ferment the treated fibers along
with the soluble decomposition products or to
separate the two. In the latter event, the
soluble material could be routed to the energy
deficient fermentation of the high protein
filtrate obtained In the initial fractionation of
the whole FLW. This seems attractive because
results to date indicate that the soluble
material can be fermented by acid forming
bacteria and that removing it from the fibers
might enhance their potential for gas produc-
tion. (Wallick-Colorado State University)
5102-B1, C2, E3, F4
ESTIMATED INVENTORY OF
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MA-
NURE RESOURCES IN THE
UNITED STATES
Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Ser-
vice-USDA, Washington, D. C.
D. L. Van Dyne and C. B. Gilbertson
Paper No. 78-2057, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
12 p. 1 fig., 3 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Recycling, Fertilizers, Feeds, Energy, Waste
storage, Waste handling, Nitrogen, Phos-
phorus, Potassium
Livestock and poultry manure is a valuable
resource which may be effectively used to
supplement or replace inorganic fertilizer,
livestock feed or for energy production.
Ineffective utilization may result in a wasted
resource or pollution from Improper storage
and disposal. About 101 million metric tons of
manure (dry basis) were estimated voided bv
livestock and poultry In the U.S. In 1974.
About 47% was produced by beef cattle on
range, 23 percent from dairy cattle, and 12
percent from hogs. The estimated amounts of
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium voided
with the manure are 3.7, 0.9, and 2.2 million
metric tons, respectively. Significant changes
often occur in the amounts of manure and
nutrients after voiding when considering
different lengths of storage time and different
types of waste handling systems. The quantity
of manure in 1974 decreased about 11 percent
to 90 million metric tons resulting from these
losses. Nitrogen decreased to 2.4 million tons.
Approximately half the manure was estimated
to have been produced in areas where
economic collection was feasible. The remain-
der was voided by animals on range and
pastureland. In 2,260 counties of the United
States in 1974, at least 50 percent of the
manure was produced by one commodity. In
almost 70 percent of those counties, beef
cattle on pasture or range produced the
majority of the manure. Considering only the
manure which Is economically recoverable, in
about 56 percent of the 2,168 counties dairy
cattle was the major contributor followed by
feeder cattle, hogs, and broilers In a
decreasing order of importance. Estimated
concentrations of manure on available crop-
land were highest in the New England region
followed by Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic,
and Pacific regions. The number of livestock
and poultry could increase from one-third to
about five times, depending on geographic
region, and still not exceed the minimum
agronomic loading rate. (Van Dyne-Utah State
University)
5103-B2, Cl, E2
CONTOUR FURROW IRRIGA-
TION WITH LIQUID MANURE
USING "MICROTUBING" FOR
FLOW CONTROL
Department of Agricultural Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park.Pennsylvania 16802
W. Pi. DeTar
Paper No. 78-2027, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Annual Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978
45 p. 15 fig., 9 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Trickle-furrow irrigation, Liquid
wastes, Infiltration rate, Microtubing, Irriga-
tion design, Equations, Friction loss
The trickle-furrow concept is introduced. The
low infiltration rate of dilute liquid manure
makes possible 100' lengths of run with only
9.3 gpm/furrow. Furrows can run 8 hrs/set.
Proposed is a solid-set arrangement of 1000'
of corrugated plastic tubing laterals descend-
ing 5-10% slopes with microtubing outlets at
each furrow. Field experiment yields rate-of-
advance curves. A prediction equation is
given for length of run. Friction loss data are
presented. Work is still in progress. (DeTar-
Pennsylvania State University)
5104-B2
HIGH VOLUME FLUSH DEVICES
FOR ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT
Agricultural Engineering Associates, Inc.
J. A. George
Paper No. 78-4016, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
11 p. 2 fig., 5 ref.
Keywords: Flushing, Design, Water use
efficiency
Although insufficient information and techni-
ques have been developed to characterize
exactly the most hydraulically efficient way to
flush individual gutters, the following observ-
ations are pertinent. (1) Where applicable and
adequate to do the job, tipping style tanks
offer the most water efficient method of
cleaning gutters since they impart a high
energy level to the water which possesses a
very high solids carrying capability for short
lengths of gutters. This approach becomes
limited, however, for longer gutters when the
total quantity of water which can be held in a
203
-------
tip tank becomes limiting. (2) For longer
gutters and wider gutters where larger
quantities of water are required to maintain a
progressive wave front, siphqn type tanks
offer a viable alternative. The flush capabili-
ties of these tanks are limited substantially
only by the precision of qur design capabili-
ties. Water use efficiency Is effected both by
design and flush frequency or operation.
Within reason the flatter the slope the easier It
is to maintain reasonable flow depth and
therefore channeling around waste build ups.
Efficiency, however, can be enhanced by
dividing long and wide channels, especially if
the gutters are serving farrowing crates or
farrowing stalls where the manure typically
ends up in neat rows of piles down the gutter.
(3) The current interest In zero slope gutters
with a residual pool of water Is predicated on
two concepts. One being the ease of
construction since no slope is provided. The
other being the conceptual ease of flushing
since the waste Is never allowed to dry out.
The residual pool of water, however, increases
to some extent impediment to the progression
of a flush wave and the lack of slope does not
enhance the velocity of a hydraulic gradlant
flow. To what extent the additional ease of
construction and additional flushing ease due
to maintaining the waste in a wet condition
over-rides the hydraulic Inefficiency of these
type gutters Is yet to be determined.
(George-Utah State University)
5105-A8, C2
MODELING NITROGEN MOVE-
MENT IN AGRICULTURAL WA-
TERSHEDS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
K. L. Campbell and G. Sinai
Paper No. 78-2071, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
15 p. 1 fig., 22 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Watershed Hydro-
logy, Agricultural watersheds, Nitrogen
movement
Techniques were developed to simulate
nitrogen movement through agricultural wa-
tersheds. The USDAHS-74 model of water-
shed hydrology has several advantages that
make it a good choice to provide the
hydrologic information required to model
nitrogen movement. Calibration of the model
to the research watersheds was adequate, but
not as good as expected. This was In part the
result of the poor quality of some of the
rainfall input data during the calibration
period. The model should be modified in its
sub-surface and return flow components to
better stimulate the conditions of high lateral
return flows with a shallow watertable, as
encountered In this study. The ACTMO
nitrate model provides a good framework for
development of a more complete model of
nitrogen transformations and movement.
Simulating nitrogen transformations and
movement through a watershed is a very
difficult and complex problem. This nitrate
model needs to be modified to include other
nitrogen forms, Precipitation and organic
matter decomposition are Important nitro-
gen resources and danltrlfication is an
important nitrogen sink. These factors need to
be included if the model is to simulate
conditions similar to those encountered In this
study. Simulation models are an effective tool
to assist in gaining a better understanding of
the complex processes and Interactions that
occur in a watershed system. They can help in
identifying which processes are most impor-
tant in controlling nitrogen movement within a
watershed. (Campbell-University of Florida)
5106-A3, C2, E2
WINTER AND SPRING RUNOFF
FROM MANURE APPLICATION
PLOTS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
D. B. Thompson, T. L. Loudon, and J. B.
Gerrish
Paper No. 78-2032, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
18 p. 3 fig., 7 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Agricultural
runoff, Buffer strips, Water quality, Nutri-
ents, Chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia,
Nitrates, Phosphorus, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
Literature is reviewed concerning the Influ-
ence of buffer strips on runoff water quality
where manure is applied to frozen or
snow-covered soil. A two-year plot study was
conducted in which dairy manure was spread
on top of snow-covered, frozen Hlllsdale
sandy loam soil with a four-percent slope.
Twelve plots were constructed on a south-fac-
ing slope. Three surface conditions were
studied, each surface condition having two
manure-treated and two control plots totaling
four plots for each surface cover. A grass
surface was selected to simulate effects of
winter application on surfaces with continuous
veoetative cover. Field corn was planted
across the slope in preparation for the other
two surface covers. Manure was applied to
corn ground in the spring prior to tillage and
planting at 34 m Tons/ha. In the fall, the corn
was harvested for silage leaving about 20 cm
of stubble. Four plots were left in this
condition. The third surface condition was
created by discing the remaining corn stubble.
Study conditions led to the following conclu-
sions: (1) Nutrient concentrations decrease as
runoff water moves downslope from a
manured area. (2) Nutrient concentrations
contained in runoff leaving a manured area
are greatly reduced as the water moves across
a 12-meter buffer strip. In this study, this was
equivalent to a buffer strip equal to one-half of
the length of the manured area. The extent to
which the buffer area would have to be
lengthened for longer manured areas is
uncertain. (3) On a sandy loam soli with a
4-percent slope, a buffer zone 36 meters long
reduced nutrient concentrations in runoff from
manured plots to levels equal to those in
unmanured plot runoff. (4) The overall
average nutrient concentration reduction for a
buffer 12 meters long was 62 percent
compared with a 73-percent overall reduction
after a 36-meter buffer zone if background
concentrations are not subtracted. (5) With
background concentrations subtracted, buffer
zones removed an average of 82 and 97
percent of the manure-contributed nutrients
from winter runoff with a 12- and 36-meter
buffer zone length. (6) Runoff volumes from
manured areas have been shown to be less
than from unmanured areas by past research-
ers. Based on the concentrations reported In
this study and runoff volumes from manured
areas less than, or equal to, those from
unmanured areas, nutrient loading rates In
winter runoff from manured areas followed by
adequate buffer zones should not exceed
those from unmanured areas. (7) The quality
of winter runoff from unmanured areas was
essentially the same for the three surface
conditions observed In this study. (Merryman-
East Central)
5107-A3, Bl, Cl, C2, C3, E2
BMP DEVELOPMENT FOR MA-
URE IN NEW YORK STATE
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
M. F. Walter, P. D. Roblllard, ,R. Gilmour,
and R. W. Hexem
Paper No. 78-2033, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
31 p. 6 fig., 8 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords: Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments, Nonpolnt sources, Man-
agement, Land application, Dairy wastes,
Waste properties
Current 208 planning efforts require control of
pollutants Generated from nonpolnt agricul-
tural sources. The availability, transport and
yield of pollutants from cropland are usually
unknown or cannot be accurately quantified.
As a first step In reducing Identified water
quality degradntlon associated with agricul-
tural activities effective, low cost, manage-
ment Intensive practices should be empha-
sized. In many Instances good farm manage-
ment practices will reduce the potential
transport of crop nutrients, pesticides and
manure to streams. Non structural manure
management systems are good examples of
such practices. By Identifying fields where
nutrient loading to streams Is highest,
practical spreading schedules can be develop-
ed which increase nutrient utilization by
plants and reduce nutrient export to streams.
The criteria used In ranking fields varies
according to the soil adsorption characteristics
of the pollutant in question. However,
common parameters used In estimating gross
soil erosion or overload flow are available to
make such calculations. (Walter-Cornell)
5108-A7, Bl
DUST REDUCTION IN THE BIRD
RECEIVING AREA OF A POUL-
TRY PROCESSING PLANT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Virgin-
ia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia
H. A. Hughes and R.L. Wesley
Paper No. 78-3016, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
10 p. 6 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Air pollution, Poultry processing
plant, Dust control
Dust in the live handling area of p poultry
processing plant comes from two primary
sources: (1) the bird's feathers, skin and feed,
and (2) the accumulated litter, fecal matter,
feathers, and other materials typically found .
in the bottom of the coops used to transport
the birds from the farm to the plant. This
paper describes efforts made to devise
procedures and equipment to produce a clean,
comfortable environment for workers in the
live handling area. Specific objectives were:
(1) Examine methods of eliminating materials
which contribute to the ambient dust load at a
point ahead of the hanging area. (2) Evaluate
one or more methods for collecting dust In the
handling area, and (3) Develop a technique
and equipment to ensure that a continuous
supply of clean uncon laminated air is
provided to the workers. Equipment arrange-
ments for reducing dust are described.
Reduction of material load, humidity control
and controlled air flow were used as control
measures. A reduction of 66% was achieved
in one case. (Merryman-East Central)
5109-B2, B4, Cl, C2, E3
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE
204
-------
AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER
STORAGE
Science & Education Administration, USDA,
Lincoln, Nebraska
C. B. Gilbertson, J. A. Nienaber, and J. R.
Ellis
Paper No. 78-4012, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
12 p. 5 fig., 1 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Manure pits, Waste storage,
Recycling, Flushing, Waste water reuse, Land
spreading, Cattle wastes, Waste composition
A study was conducted to determine the
feasibility of using an earthen pit as a recyle
flush-water storage system for a 1100-head-
housed beef cattle feedlot. The earthen pit
(8.3 m deep), with a volume of 11.7 m^
/animal was operated successfully for 4 years.
However, settled solids accumulation would
prevent indefinite operation without cleanout.
Solids (floating and settled) accumulated in
the pit at an average rate of 1.56 m 3 /animal
year, or 13.6 percent of the design volume
from January, 1972 through March, 1975. It
was estimated that if the lot were operated at
full capacity, settled and floating solids would
accumulate at 16 percent/year of the design
volume. From January, 1972 through March,
1975, about 20 percent of the manure was
pumped to field disposal. The remaining
solids were contained in the, floating mat (14
percent), in settled solids (46 percent),
suspended in the effluent (9 percent), or lost
through undetermined processes. Odor pro-
duction was not an apparent problem when
there was a floating manure mat, which
seemed to be a major advantage of this
system. The storaqe pit contained consider-
able quantities of the fertilizer elements, N,
and P. An estimated 1,461 kg of N and 298 kg
of P were contained in the effluent pumped
from the pit to the disposal field. As of March,
1975, an additional 13,059 kg of N was
estimated to be contained in the floating
manure mat and settled solids. The low
volume earthen pit has potential application
for manure and recycled flush water storage
provided that settled solids are removed at
frequent intervals. Partial cost recovery of
maintenance may be possible by utilizing the
settled solids as fertilizer for crop use and
recycling flush water in geographic locations
where water supply is limited. (Merryman-
East Central)
5110-B2, B4, E2
WASTE HANDLING ALTERNA-
TIVES FOR FARROWING UNITS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
J. A. Moore and L. D Jacobson
Paper No. 78-4013, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
15 p. 3 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste storage,
Liquid wastes, Odor, Land application, Labor
As new swine farrowing units are built or
older units remodeled, the waste handling
system is one of the very important factors in
the operation. Eighteen farmsteads were
visited and the many aspects of the waste
handling systems studied. For purposes of
this paper, the farrowing units are divided by
storage facilities into three groups. The "no
storage" units either mechanically or manual-
ly removed all the the waste from the building
and stored, treated and/or disposed of It at
some other location. The "all storage" group
were primarily deep-pit operations. The third
group had "partial storage" within the unit
and Intermittent removal. The "no storage"
units used more dally labor, but this may be
due to operator preference. These units were
also the most odor-free. The "partial storage"
farrowed and weaned the most pigs, with the
"all storage" being lowest. There appears to
be no advantage of one group over another
relative to waste handling In the farrowing
buildings. (Moore-Unlverslty of Minnesota)
5111-B2, Cl, D3, E3
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
OF BEEF MANURE
Civil Engineering Department, School of
Engineering and Technology, Tennessee
State University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
F. D. Shields and G. N. Tragitt
Paper No. 78-4010, American Scoiety of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
15 p. 5 fig., 4 tab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Recycling, Fermen-
tation, Methane, Design
Two 7570-liter steel tanks were used as
anaerobic fermentation reactors. Manure
from a concrete-floor beef feedlot was used as
a substrate. Gas production, temperature, and
influent and effluent total and volatile solids
were monitored for five different tempera-
ture-detention time concentrations. Loading
rates ranged from 5.6 to 19.2 kgVS/ms day
and gas production ranged from 1.25 to 3.6 m3
gas/m3 reaction volume per day. Methane
production was hindered at the higher
loadings. (Shields-Tennessee State Univer-
sity)
5112-B2, Cl, C2, E2
DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT TREAT-
MENT SYSTEMS IN NEW ZEA-
LAND
Agricultural Engineering Department, Mas-
sey University, New Zealand
D. J. Warburton, R. M. Clarke, and H, Melcer
Paper No. 78-1017, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978.
18 p. 6 fig., 5 tab., 26 ret.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Lagoons, New
Zealand, Waste properties, Design, Irrigation
equipment, Land application
The effluent discharge from New Zealand
dairy sheds contains 0.8%TS, 1500 mg/1
BOD 210 ma/1 TN and 35 mg/1 TP. The
large volume of dilution water used to attain
these levels results in discharges In excess of
70 1 /cow-d. The diluted effluent Is applied to
the land through spray irrigation equipment.
The volumes involved make hydraulic applica-
tion rates, not N levels, the limiting criteria
and this reduces the potential fertilizer
returns. Anaerobic/aerobic lagoons have
gained in popularity, but the need to control
discharges and minimize the land areas
required has placed limitations on their use.
Development of improved equipment designs
for effluent spray disposal to land led to the
use of bar screens and the development of a
double sided Impeller which reduced the
maintenance requirements of centrifugal
pumps. Investigation of anaerobic/aerobic
treatment systems showed that lagoons could
be loaded to 0.3 kg BOD/m3 and 1.36 kg
TS/m* without reducing the quality of the
outlet. The main design criteria was consider-
ed to be TS loading rate. The sludge
accumulation rate was 0.005 rrr* /kg TS-input.
Aeration, using stone media trickling filters
loaded at 0.18 kg BOD/m* , was satisfactory.
The combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment
system provided approximately 90% BOD and
TS removal. Total N and P were decreased by
49% and 32% respectvely, but the NOa -N
rose 15-fold and the DIP rose 4-fold, during
the aerobic phase. Possible future develop-
ments in dairy waste management are
discussed. (Warburton-Massey University)
5113-A2, A4, C2
METHODOLOGIES AND PRE-
LIMINARY RESULTS FOR EVAL-
UATING SWINE DRYLOT RUN-
OFF IMPACT ON COASTAL
PLAIN STREAMS
Department of Biological and Agricultural
Engineering, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27650
J. C. Barker, F.J. Humenik, M.R. Overcash,
and S.W. Tedder
Paper No. 78-2048, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
23 p. 3 fig., 6 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Feedlot runoff,
Water pollution, Sampling methods, Chemical
properties, Chemical oxygen demand, Phos-
phorus, Nitrogen, Chloride
A Joint study was undertaken by educational
and regulatory agencies to determine the
impact of runoff from swine drvlots on
characteristic deep sands on the Coastal
Plain receiving stream quality. Low flow and
rainfall runoff samples were collected at sites
above, adjacent to, and below the drylots for
chemical constituent determinations. Flow,
in-stream dissolved oxygen and biological
surveys of the stream flora and fauna were
also determined. Sampling methodologies are
discussed and preliminary results presented
indicate minimal Impact on stream quality.
(Barker-North Carolina University)
5114-A2, B2, E2, Fl
OPTIMIZATION OF RUNOFF DE-
TENTION FOR NONPOINT POL-
LUTION CONTROL
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
L B. Baldwin
Paper No. 78-2049, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
13 p. 1 fig., 3 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Nonpoint sources, Runoff control,
Model studies, Wetland detention, Grazing,
Florida, Economics
Interest in the utilization of wetlands to
capture nutrients in agricultural drainage has
205
-------
led to proposals that beef ranches in high
water table soils in Florida preserve native
wetland vegetation in lieu of planting Im-
proved pastures. While the effectiveness of
wetland nutrient capture Is not known, the
economic Impact of the proposed practice on
ranching can be assessed. Linear program-
ming has been used to optimize Income under
requirements for runoff detention. (Baldwin-
University of Florida)
5115-A3, B2, Cl, C2, C3, E2
SURFACE APPLICATION AND
INJECTION OF LIQUID DAffiY
MANURE
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Kentucky, Lexingto , Kentucky
40506.
I.J. Ross, S. Sizemore, J.P. Bowden and C.T.
Haan
Paper No. 78-2051, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
19 p. 11 fig., 1 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Liquid wastes, Soil
Injection, Land application, Agricultural run-
off, Pollution, Waste composition
Liquid dairy manure was injected on the soil
contour to depths of 6 and 12 inches and
applied to the surface of aBluegrasssod and a
bare tilled soil. Application rates of 9,250
gallons/acre were used. Runoff from 9-foot-
square plots which were sprinkled at
rates of 2.5 inches/hour on sod and 1.5
inches/hour on bare soil was collected and
analvzed for pollution parameters including
COD, N, TS, TSS, pH, DO, and fecal coliform
The effects of pollutant yield in the runoff
were determined for various treatments.
Injection of the manure essentially eliminated
any pollutant yield in the runoff from the test
plots as compared to surface application. The
depth of injection had essentially no effect on
pollutant yield at the application rate used in
these experiments. Injection tended to even
the rate of pollutant loss in the runoff. About
55% of the total runoff was required to
remove 80% of the total pollutant yield from
the injected plots as compared with only 30%
of the total runoff for surface application. The
rate of runoff from injected plots was less than
half the rate from surface-applied plots. Delay
time between application of liquid manure and
the simulated rainfall event had a significant
effect on the yield of the pollution parameters
in the runoff. A 1-day delay reduced rate of
runoff by a factor of 12 as compared to no
delay. Repeated yearly applications of manure
on sod reduced pollutant concentration in the
runoff from test plots. Injected plots receiving
manure applications for 3 consecutive years
produced no runoff during the last 2 years.
Plots receiving surface applications produced
runoff each of the 3 years, but the concentra-
tion of pollutants was reduced each consecu-
tive year. Measurement of pH and DO in
runoff from test plots indicated little or no
change in these parameters as compared with
the water-applied plots. Experimental results
indicated that pollutant concentration in
runoff from plots receiving surface applica-
tions is a function of the concentration of the
pollutant in the manure and the total quantity
of runoff from plots. Equations for predicting
the percentage of the total pollutant load
applied to the soil in each liter or runoff were
determined as functions of the total runoff.
These equations were found applicable to both
sodded and bare soils where simulated rainfall
was applied immediately following liquid
manure application. (Merryman-East Central)
5116-32, E2
DEVELOPMENT OF A SLURRY
SPINNER
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
66506
N. F. Koch, R. I. Llpper, and H. L. Manges
Paper No. 78-2056, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
11 p. 4 fig., 3 tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Land application, Irriga-
tion equipment, Design
Research objectives were: (1) to determine
experimentally the applicability of current
spinner theory as applied to manure slurry
disposal; (2) to determine relationships invol-
ved and required for the design of special
vane configurations by expansion of spinner
theory; and (3) to determine the feasibility of
using a spinning disc to distribute swine
wastes onto cropland. Feasibility of the
operations was to be determined by measur-
ing; (a) the flow rate onto the spinner; (b)
power consumed by the spinner; (c) the
spinner coefficient of uniformity; and (d) the
spinners maximum diameter of coverage. A
prototype slurry spinner was constructed in
the Agricultural Engineering Department
laboratory at Kansas State University. The
spinner was designed to be simple, easy to
handle, and capable of quick changes in the
field. Water and slurry tests were conducted
for three blades equipped with various vanes
and vane configurations. Flow rates, power
consumption, uniformity coefficients, and
diameter of coverages are discussed. It was
determined that a centrifugal slurry spreader
may be feasible to operate if the farmer has a
means of agitating the slurry and successfully
pumping it to the spinner. The spinner would
be powered by a small gas or diesel engine
(approximately 10 hp) capable of operating
the spinning disc as well as the drive wheels.
This particular set-up would handle 200 to 300
gpm in the operating range of from 400 to 600
rpm. (Merryman-East Central)
5117-A11
DENITRIFICATION: I. USE OFI5N
FOR EVALUATION OF THE
HYPOTHETICAL EXCRETION OF
MOLECULAR NITROGEN BY AN-
IMALS. II. THE EFFECT OF
NITROUS OXIDE ON GROWTH
AND METABOLISM OF MICRO-
COCCUS DENITRIFICANS.
R. D. Brown, Jr
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin,
1968, 95 p. 11 fig., 9 tab., 94 ref.
Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrous oxide,
Micrococcus denitrificans
The hypothetical production of molecular
nitrogen by animals was evaluated by
examination of Nafound in Uie environment of
rats which had been fed a '*N-labelled diet. A
fasted, adult rat in a closed respirometer
system (volume = 1.5 liters) containing an
oxygen-helium (20:80) atmosphere was fed a
diet of '-5 N-labelled yeast. Oxygen was
supplied by an electrolytic generator and
carbon dioxide was absorbed from the
respirometer atmosphere in a circulating gas
system. Gas samples from the respirometer
were analyzed mass spectrometrlcally before
and after removal of oxygen and helium. The
Ni content of the respirometer atmosphere
was calculated from the data by a method
which corrects for the effects of helium and
oxygen on the mass 28 peak height. No 's N-
labelllng was found in the N -^present in the
respirometer. From analyses of animal
tissues, excreta, and gastrointestinal contents
for '*N-labelling, it was calculated that the
hypothetical evolution of 1.5% of the Ingested
nitrogen would have been detected had therNv
arisen from any source other that skeletal
muscle; from the latter source evolution of 5%
of the ingested nitrogen would have been
detected. The report that nitrous oxide, a
common product of microbial denitrlflcation,
can serve as a terminal electron acceptor
during heterotrophic growth of the denitrifier.
Micrococcus den/trificans, was investigated
with batch cultures of the organism. When
cultures in the presence of glucose were
supplied with Nj^O as the sole electron
acceptor,the turbidity increased three to four
fold in a nearly linear fashion. The turbidity
then remained constant unless oxygen or
nitrate was added as a terminal electron
acceptor. Poly-B-hydroxybutyric acid (PHBA)
increased nearly forty fold during the
exposure to nitrous oxide, whereas cellular
nitrogen increased by less than 50%. The
increase in turbidity which has been reported
as growth on NjO probably can be attributed
to storage of PHBA. (Brown-University of
Wisconsin; "The dissertation titles and
abstracts contained here are published with
permission of University Microfilms Interna-
tional, publishers of DISSERTATION AB-
STRACTS INTERNATIONAL (Copyright 1968
by University Microfilms International), and
may not be reproduced without their prior
permission".)
5118-A8, B2, C2, E2
THE EFFECTS OF CATTLE
SLURRY AND INORGAINC FER-
TILISER NITROGEN ON THE
YIELD AND MINERAL COMPOSI-
TION OF FORAGE MAIZE. RE-
SULTS OF PRELIMINARY EX-
PERIMENT.
National Institute for Research in Dairying,
Shinfield, Reading, Berkshire, England
B. F. Pain, R. H. Phipps, and S. J. Richardson
Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, V. 28, p. 694-698,1977. 3 tab., 10
ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Slurries, Forages, Crop response, Soil
chemistry, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen,
Magnesium, Zinc, Waste composition, trace
minerals
Four rates of cow slurry (0, 35, 70, and 105
t/ha) and inorganic nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120
gk/ha) were applied in a factorial arrange-
ment to forage maize plots on a sandy loam
soil (Hurst Series). The response of maize DM
yield to Inorganic N was small above 40 kg
N/ha. Slurry alone gave satisfactory yields
and up to 70 t/ha improved the response to
Inorganic N. Slurry at 105 t/ha tended to delay
crop maturity and reduced yields when more
than 40 kg inorganic N/ha was applied. The
percentage N, P, and K in the soil before
drilling and in the crop at the silage stage
were positively related to the amount of slurry
applied. Appreciable amounts of P, K, and
Mg remained in a "plant available" state In
the soil after the maize harvest. (Pain-Nation-
al Institute for Research in Dairying)
206
-------
5119-A8, B2, C2, E2
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION
OF COW SLURRY TO GRASS-
LAND ON THE COMPOSITION
OF THE SOIL ATMOSPHERE
Department of Soil Science, University of
Reading, Berks, England
J. R. Burford
Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, V. 27, p. 115-126, 1976. 7 fig., 46
ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Slurries, Soil chemistry, Soil gas, Nitrogen
transformations, Denltriflcation
The effect of a heavy application (550
tonnes/ha) of unamended cow slurry to
grassland in early spring (March) on the
composition of the soil atmosphere was
examined by analysing the gaseous phase
under adjacent treated and untreated areas
for a 12-month period. Restricted aeration and
products of intense reducing activity were
observed in the slurry layer for 3 weeks, and
in the underlying surface soil for several
months, after the application; oxygen
contents of the atmosphere to a depth of 80 cm
were decreased and carbon dioxide contents
increased, for 12 months. Although the slurry
and soil never became completely anaerobic
(minimum oxygen contents observed were 8%
(v/v) in the slurry and 3.5% in the soil), high
methane concentrations (6% in the slurry and
1.7% in the soil) indicated that a large
proportion of the slurry and surface soil
volumes were occupied by anaerobic volumes
shortly after the application. Other hydrocar-
bon gases (ethane, ethylene, propane) were
evolved, but did not accumulate to concentra-
tions greater than 7 parts/10* . Nitrous oxide
evolution indicated a pattern of gaseous N loss
from the soil and slurry, presumably due to
denitrification. Major evolution occurred in
the slurry in May, June and July, and in the
surface soil at the 10-cm depth in July-Au-
gust. Nitrous oxide was detected continuously
in the winter and in concentrations as high as
680 parts/10* , at a depth of 40 cm below the
soil surface of the treated grassland after
nitrate had been leached to this depth by
autumn and winter rains. Nitrous oxide was
detected continuously at 80 cm below the soil
surface in spring and early summer, and again
in the following winter, under treated as well
as untreated areas. The observed conse-
quences of the slurry application are attri-
buted to physical effects in restricting
aeration, in association with the effect of the
organic substrates on soil respiratory activity.
(Burford-University of Reading)
5120-A8, B2, C2, E2
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION
OF COW SLURRY TO GRASS-
LAND ON NITRATE LEVELS IN
SOIL AND SOIL WATER CON-
TENTS
Department of Soil Science, University of
Reading, Reading, Berks, England
A. A.Thijeel and J. R. Burford
Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, V. 26, p. 1203-1213, 1975. 2 fig.
3 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Slurries, Soil chemistry, Soil profile, Soil
water, Nitrates, Moisture content
The effect of a single heavy dressing of
unamended cow slurry, applied to grassland
In early spring (March), on nitrate levels and
moisture contents in the soil profile have been
examined for a 12 month period after the
application. The slurry was allowed to remain
on the soil surface until late autumn, when It
was cultivated and a pasture re-established.
Nitrate accumulated In the slurry and surface
soil over spring, summer and autumn: the
amount found In the slurry and 0-20 cm depth
of soil In October (172 kg N/ha) accounted for
9% of the total-N originally added in the
slurry. Significant leaching of nitrate into the
subsoil did not occur until the soil was subse-
quently rewetted to field capacity In late
autumn and winter. The layer of slurry on the
soil surface restricted moisture losses from
the soil during summer to less than one half of
those under untreated grassland. Restricted
aeration under the slurry Is considered to be
an important factor In delaying nitrification
and stimulating anaerobic activity In the soil
so that deep leaching of nitrate may not be
likely for several months after a heavy
application. (University of Reading)
5121-A11, Bl, C2, E3, Fl
POULTRY WASTES IN THE DIET
OF ISRAELI CARP
Marine Advisory Program, University of
Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska
C. L. Kerns and E. W. Roelofs
Bamidgeh, V. 29, No. 4, p. 125-135, Dec.,
1977. 7 tab., 34 ref.
Keywords: Refeeding, Poultry wastes, Fish,
Performance, Economics
A ten-week laboratory feeding trial was
conducted at Michigan State University using
three levels of fresh poultry waste in the diet
of Israeli carp (Cyprinus Carpio). Non-protein
nitrogen (NPN) has been demonstrated to be
sparing of protein-nitrogen in the diet of
ruminants; the results of feeding NPN to fish
have been inconclusive. In this experiment,
growth rate and feed conversion were found to
be inversely related to the level of poultry
waste in the diet. The feed cost per unit of
biomass and protein fixed varied directly with
dietary levels of poultry waste; the control diet
produced the most economical weight gain.
Direct inclusion of poultry waste in the diet of
fish does not appear to be a promising means
of reducing the amount of animal protein
required in fish rations. (Kerns-University of
Alaska)
5122-A8, B3, C2, E2
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
MOVEMENT FROM SURFACE
APPLIED MANURE
USDA-SEA-FR
R. E. Muck and D. C. Ludington
Paper No. 78-2047, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
27 p. a tig., 3 tab., 26 ref.
Keywords Model studies, Leaching, Land
application, Dried poultry manure, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Ion diffusion, Nutrient losses
The purpose of this study was to develop a
model to describe the leaching of nitrogen and
phosphorus from a dry, aogregated manure
typical of that originating from high-rise
poultry houses and to evaluate this model with
laboratory leaching data. The model mea-
sured nutrient movement within the manure
aggregate by Ion diffusion. The leaching
experiments performed two purposes: to
determine the diffusion coefficients for the
nitrogen and phosphorus through the manure
and to perform leaching runs at a variety of
flow rates in order to test the proposed
model's ability to predict the nutrient losses
from the manure. Effective diffusion coeffi-
cients were obtained for ammonia, organic N,
and orthophosphates, however, no results
were presented for nitrate N because only
trace amounts existed. Soluble orthophoa-
phate losses were predicted reasonably, but
predictions by the model could be improved
possibly by considering phosphorus solubility
and adsorption capacity of the manure.
(Bates-East Central)
5123-A4, AS, A6, A7, Bl, Cl, C2,
C3, Dl, D2, D3, E2, E3, F2
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AG-
RICULTURE
R. C. Loehr
Pollution Control for Agriculture, Academic
Press Inc., New York, 1977, 383 p.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Animal
wastes, Waste treatment, Recycling, Land
application, Legal aspects, Water pollution,
Groundwater pollution, Air pollution, Fish
kills, Waste composition, Nitrogen control,
Aerobic, Anaerobic, Lagoons, Ponds, Oxygen
transfer
A summary of the processes and approaches
applicable to agricultural waste management
problems Is presented. Agricultural wastes
are defined as the excesses and residues from
the growing and first processing of raw
agricultural products, i.e., fruits, vegetables,
meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products.
Implication and possible management
systems for crop production are discussed as
well. Emphasis is placed on processes that
seem most adaptable to the treatment,
disposal, and management of agricultural
wastes. Fundamental concepts are followed
by details describing the use of processes and
management approaches. Examples in which
the processes or approaches were used with
agricultural wastes are included. Topics
considered in this book include: constraints,
changing practices, environmental impact,
waste characteristics, biological treatment
fundamentals, ponds and lagoons, oxygen
transfer, aerobic treatment, anaerobic treat-
ment, utilization of agricultural wastes, land
disposal of wastes, nitrogen control.,physical
and chemical treatment, and management.
While chemical characterization data is dis-
cussed with considerable emphasis on nitro-
gen management, very few comments relate
to trace element problems which may be
associated with agricultural waste. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5124-B3, E3, Fl
BROILER GROWERS WITH CAT-
TLE CAN MAKE BEST USE OF
LITTER
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 437, p. 373, July,
207
-------
Keywords: Poultry litter, Recycling, Reread-
ing, Cattle, Fertilizers, Deep stacking, Econo-
mics
Broiler litter which has been processed by
deep stacking may be mixed with corn and fed
to brood cows (80% litter and 20% corn, plus
vitamin A) or to stocker calves (% litter and Vb
corn, plus vitamin A). It may also be used as a
protein feed ingredient in growing and
finishing cattle for slaughter. G. Chris Lance,
University of Georiga Agricultural Economist,
estimates that the feed value of 138 tons of
litter from 75,000 broilers would be about
$6,900. The litter also has value as a fertilizer.
With an estimated $25/ton fertilizer replace-
ment value, litter from 75,000 broilers would
equal $3,450 within a year. (Stiles-East
Central)
5125-A8, B3, C2, E2, Fl
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, IN-
CLUDING FEEDLOT WASTES
Northern Regional Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
J. H. Sloneker
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sympo-
sium No. 6, p. 235-250, 1976. 6 fig., 5 tab., 14
Keywords: Agricultural residues, Feedlot
wastes, Waste storage, Land application,
Fertilizers, Reclamation, Economics, Cellu-
lose, Hemicellulase, Waste composition
The kinds, quantities, and composition of
residues produced by the agricultural industry
are examined. The economics of collecting
and storing these residues and potential
problems of residue removal on soil productiv-
ity are also discussed. Significant accumula-
tions of residues are confined to those areas
where intensive cropping occurs. The major
components in agricultural residues are the
structural cell wall polysaccharides, primarily
cellulose and hemicellulose. Composition of
several agricultural residues and their total
digestible nutrients are tabulated. The digest-
ibility levels show that energy release is too
slow to allow growth by ruminants. The U.S.
animal industry generates 250 million dry tons
of wastes each year which contain 25 to 30%
carbohydrate and up to 20% crude protein.
The equipment used for harvesting corn
refuse, silage, and hay for animals can be
readily used for collecting and hauling plant
residues to a central location for processing.
Harvesting costs for stacking, baling, hauling,
etc. are noted. Properly incorporated into the
soil, crop residues increase soil tilth and water
sorption and reduce soil erosion. The impact
of continuous residue removal on soil fertility
remains to be examined. (Solid Waste
Information Retrieval System)
5126-B3, Cl, C2, E3
FEED AND FERTILIZER VALUE
OF BROILER LITTER VARIES
Anonymoua
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 437, p. 362-363,
July, 1978.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Recycling, Waste
composition, Fertilizers, Refeedlng, Crude
fiber, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Cal-
cium, Magnesium, Sulfur
In a study conducted In cooperation with the
Tennessee Valley Authority, litter samples
were collected from 27 commercial broiler
firms having a grow-out papaclty of 985,000
broilers. According to Charles Thomas,
Alabama Extension Poultry Scientist, broiler
litter composition is so variable that its
nutrient content should be analyzed before
using it as a fertilizer or cattle feedstuff.
Variations in composition are said to be due to
temperatures, environmental conditions,
amount of litter placed In the house, amount
of soil removed with the manure, the number
of batches of broilers produced on the litter,
and a number of other management practices.
The study found that the number of broods
grown per litter did not significantly Influence
protein levels. Failure to show Increases In
protein content was attributed to high average
temperatures and dilution of the nutrient
content by producers adding from '/3 to %
initial amount of litter before each batch.
Average non-protein nitrogen (20% of the
total crude protein) was lower than some
publications have shown (40 to 50% of the
total crude protein). The study found a crude
fiber level of 26.8%. This was probably due to
the amount of shavings being used in
Alabama broiler houses. As a feed for cattle,
the litter was found to have low energy
content. Average Total Digestive Nutrient
value was 55%. (Stiles-East Central)
5/27-52, C2, D2, D3, E3, Fl
ALTERNATE MANURE RECYCL-
ING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY
RECOVERY
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories
W. J. Huffman
Methane Production From Livestock Manure,
Proceedings of Great Plains, Extension,
Seminar and Tour, Liberal, Kansas and
Hooker, Oklahoma, Feb. 15, 1978, p. 3-19. 5
fig., 7 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Recycling, Gas production, Anaer-
obic digestion, Pyroiysis, Waste treatment,
Economics
A brief summary and comparison of biological
and thermochemlcal processes for the conver-
sion of feedlot manure to more useful products
is given. A comparison of anaerobic digestion
and pyrolysis processing concepts for cattle
feedlots is presented. The point Is made that
marketings aspects would or could largely
determine the type of process to be selected.
A brief description of a pyrolysis process
under development at Texas Tech University
is included. In addition, definitions of
biomass conversion, bloconverslon and
thermochemlcal conversion and a list of
thermochemical processes are presented.
(Bates-East Central)
5128-B1, C2, E2
DEVELOPING A LIVESTOCK
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Agricultural Engineering Department, Pur-
due University, West Lafayette, Indiana
J. C. Nye
Paper No. 78-4014, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
Ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
20 p.
Keywords: Waste management, Land appli-
cation, Planning, Waste production, Nitrogen
The waste management plan does Identify
critical areas before the problems are cast In
concrete and/or steel. The decision to make
modifications can be made when alternatives
are possible. In order to help make these
modifications and finalize the plans there are
several publications available at your local
Cooperative Extension Service Offices wnicn
can help you design the selected system or
systems.
ID114 Runoff Control System for Open
Livestock Feedlots
PIH21 - Systems for Runoff Control
ID107- Selecting aSwine Waste Management
System
ID120 - Livestock Waste Lagoons
ID101 - Utilizing Animal Waste as a Fertilizer
ID88 - Irrigation for Land Application of
Animal Waste
AE87 - Gutter Flushing Systems for Swine
MWPS18 - Livestock Waste Facilities Hand-
book
MWPS7 Dairy Housing & Equipment
Handbook
MWPS6 Beef Housing & Equipment
Handbook
MWPW8 Swine Housing & Equipment
Handbook
With these related publications you can now
complete the waste management plan. You
may need to contact a local contractor, soil
conservation service or private consulting
engineer If you need to develop plans to
construct or modify your livestock buildings
and/or waste management facilities. You may
need to contact an equipment dealer to
purchase different manure handling equip-
ment. Or you may only need to change your
cropping program In the land application area.
Whatever decision you make will be based on
a complete evaluation of the impact of your
livestock waste management practices on your
total farm enterprise. The waste management
plan will help you develop the best waste
management system for your farm. (Nye-Pur-
due University)
5129-B2, B4, C2, E2, Fl
RECYCLING AGRICULTURE
RUNOFF
P. N. Walker and W. D. Lembke
University of Illinois Water Resources Center
Report UILU-WRC-77-0119, Jan., 1977, 88 p.
11 fig., 6 tab., 68 ref.
Keywords: Model studies, Agricultural
runoff, Waste storage, Irrigation, Land
application, Crop response, Drainage, Econo-
mics
Recycling agricultural runoff is not an
economically acceptable practice for corn in
the claypan regions of Illinois under present
conditions. The cost of building, maintaining,
and operating a reservoir and Irrigation
system are greater than the benefit of
expected yield Increase. Exceptions to this
would be where topographic features make
the construction cost of a reservoir much less
than normal. One acre-ft. of storage is
required for each acre Irrigated. The nonlnci-
dental recycling of pesticides and nutrients
causes only negligible costs and benefits. The
low concentration of these chemicals have
very little effect on field crops. The recycling
system also helps keep these chemicals out of
other parts of the environment where even low
concentrations may cause considerable
change in a delicately balanced ecosystem.
However, there are no estimates of the
economic benefit, if any, of preventing this
ecological change. Irrigation is possible only
with a recycling reservoir as a water supply.
Therefore, an economic analysis of Irrigation
alone is no different from that of a complete
208
-------
recycling system. In 1976 Irrigation increased
yield In claypan regions of Illinois by 103
bu./acre. However, 1976 was an exceptional
year and normal expected increases in yield
are 50 bu./acre with a 103 bu./acre Increase
In yield corn prices would have to be
$2.28/bu. to break even. Drainage can be
Installed and evaluated independently of a
recycling system. This study was not conclu-
sive as to what degree of drainage was most
economical. No estimates of the interactive
effect between Irrigation and drainage were
found in the literature. The model developed
in this study to find this effect was not
successful. Future research should be center-
ed around determining what degree ol
drainage is most economical and determining
the interactive effect between Irrigation and
drainage. (Walker-University of Illinois Water
Resources Center) (Microfiche only)
5130-B1, Cl, D3, E3, Fl
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
INTO BIOGAS
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
W.J. Jewell
New York's Food & Life Sciences, V. 11, No.
1, p. 15, 1978.
Keywords: Anaerobic, Digesters, Recycling,
Fermentation, Biogas, ,Gas production,
Economics, Agricultural wastes, Cattle
wastes, Methane
The Department of Agricultural Engineering
at Cornell University and the Department of
Energy have been researching anaerobic
fermentation. This studv involved three
principal projects: a comprehensive study of
the total technology as it applies to dairy
farms and beef feedlots, defining the potential
for improvement and implementation of the
anaerobic fermentation systems in agriculture
and a full-scale demonstration of a low-cost
reactor for small farms. Some advantages of
treating animal manure could be: less odor,
less waste-handling labor, and nutrient
conservation. Both the technical and economic
feasibility of potential systems were evaluated
by the research group which modeled several
for specific agricultural operations and
estimated their capital and operating costs.
Three types of cow-manure anaerobic
fermentors were built; conventional, batch-
load, and plug-flow digestion. The evaluation
of these three systems in long-term laboratory
tests included measuring gas production.
Anaerobic fermentation of agricultural wastes
and other organics seems to be an attractive
alternative source of renewable, clean energy
since it can supply a significant amount of
energy and at the same time provide pollution
control and allow valuable plant nutrients to
be recycled. Manure and other agricultural
residues seem to be a rare phenomenon, an
energy source with good instead of bad side
effects. By the year 2020, about Vt of our total
energv needs could be derived from
renewable sources, and a significant portion
of this type of energy could by provided by
biomass. (Stiles-East Central)
5131-A4, A6, 31, C2, E2, Fl
A MANUAL ON: EVALUATION
AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGE-
MENT SYSTEMS
The Ohio Agricultural Research and Develop-
ment Center. Wooster. Ohin 44fiB1
R.K. White and D.L. Forster
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-102, May, 1978, 303 p. 57 fig.,
62 tab., 42 ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Waste management, Water pollution, Odor
control, Land application, Economics, Feed-
lots, Confinement pens, Floors, Design,
Climate, Waste composition
This manual was developed to describe and
evaluate alternative systems and/or technolo-
gies currently used to handle wastes from
livestock facilities of less than 1,000 animal
units. The systems are evaluated with regard
to controlling water pollution and odor
nuisance. An economic analysis of alternative
livestock waste management systems for
dairy, beef, swine, sheep and poultry facilities
is provided. The economic impact of water
pollution control technologies Is discussed.
This manual is intended to be used bv
environmental planners, regulatory person-
nel, and livestock producers. The discussion
and evaluation of waste management systems
are related to the regional concentration of
livestock species and to climate constraints.
The economic analysis of alternative waste
systems Is done for each species separately
and considers fertilizer nutrient return as a
benefit. Detailed economic analysis of waste
management options are provided In the
Appendices for each species. All cost data are
in 1977 dollars. (White-Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center)
5132-B3, E2, Fl
GRASS ... A BY-PRODUCT OF
POULTRY
D. Dai ley
Missouri Ruralist, V. 119, No. 6, p. 32-33,
March 25, 1978.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Land disposal,
Fertilizers, Fescues, Crop response, Econo-
mics
Don and Vera Littlefield of McDonald County,
Missouri raise120,000 started laying pullets a
year. All chicken litter goes on pastures. The
Littlefields get three crops from their fescue:
seed, baled hay, and winter pasture. The hay
and pasture support a herd of nearly 200 beef
cows. But, the maior cash return is from the
seed. The Littlefields apply the litter at a rate
of 3 to 4 tons to the acre. To maintain a fertility
balance, they also apply potash and lime. The
secret of a good seed crop is to graze fescue
into the ground during winter. (Stiles-East
Central)
5133-B1, El, E2
BETTER DISPOSAL OF FARM
WASTES
Public Health Engineer, Ministry of Works
I. W. Gunn and J. O. Brasell
Journal of Agriculture, V. 110, p. 362-365,
May, 1965. 6 fig.
Keywords: Farm wastes, Land application,
Irrigation, Equipment-irrigation, Oxidation
ponds, Settlement banks, Waste disposal
Alternatives for disposing of farm wastes are
given. They Include: (1) Treat and purify the
waste before disposal Into a watercourse. (2)
Discharge wastes Into a public sewer. (3)
Discharge wastes on to land as a fertilizer,
' The latter Is the most efficient and practical
method of disposal, Spreading by a tanker Is
probably the most suitable method for small
dairy farms, though spread Is at a heavy rate
and is Inefficient. Spray Irrigation, which
delivers a thin layer of dilute waste material
over a large area may also be used. This
results in the effluent being broken down
quickly by bacteria and rapid return of
nutrients to the soil. Equipment for spray
irrigation is described. Descriptions of two
spray systems In use on farms are provided.
Settlement tanks and oxidation ponds are also
discussed. (Stiles-East Central)
5134-A11, B3, C2, E2
BROILER LITTER FOR FERTILI-
ZER
Anonymous
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 8, p. 56, Aug.,
1978.
Keywords: Land application, Poultry litter,
Pastures, Animal health, Grass tetany,
Necrosis, Parasitism, Nitrate
The Science and Education Administration
and University of Georgia scientists recom-
mend that broiler litter applications to fescue
pastures be limited to 9 tons or less to prevent
problems with grass tetany, fat necrosis,
parasitism, and nitrate toxicity. They also
recommend that broiler litter be applied to
pastures In 2 or more applications.
(Stiles-East Central)
5135-B2, C2, C3, D3, E4
CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION OF
CHLORELLA EMERSONIim PIG
MANURE
Department of Microbiology, University Col-
lege, Galway, Ireland
M. Wilson and J.A. Houghton
Irish Journal of Agricultural Research, V. 16
p. 21-33, 1977. 7 fig., 3 tab., 20 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste treatment,
Algae, By-product recovery, Aerobic, Dilution
rate, Illumination, Dissolved oxygen
The continuous cultivation of a strain of
Chlorella emerson/i, Isolated from a pig waste
lagoon, on 10% pig manure was Investigated
using the optimum conditions of temperature,
pig manure concentration and light intensity
established In a previous study on algal
growth. The effects on algal growth of dilution
rate and the use of continuous and diurnal
illumination were studied; and the respiratory
relationships of a symbiotic association be-
tween C. emersonll and the bacterial flora of
the manure were also investigated. The
continuous culture of algae and bacteria on
pig manure was quite successful and achieved
a reasonable degree of waste purification. The
dissolved oxygen levels maintained at most of
the dilution rates indicated that the symbiosis
was working efficiently and the culture
remained aerobic. (Wilson-University Col-
lege)
5136-B3, Cl, Dl
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF
BROILER WASTE ON A HEATED
CONCRETE SLAB
209
-------
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
B.D. McLendon and H.C.Gillesple
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 3, p.
553-556, 560, 1978. 6 fig., 3 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Dehydration, Poultry wastes,
Floors, Vapor diffusion coefficient, Tempera-
ture, Humidity
A study was conducted to determine the
average vapor diffusion coefficient of poultry
waste, and to determine the effect that the
floor temperature, air temperature and air
humidity has upon the drying rate of poultry
waste using a heated concrete floor. The
information would be used to develop an
equation to predict the moisture content of
poultry waste at a given time during the
drying process. Study conclusions were: (1)
The diffusion coefficient for the broiler waste
is dependent upon its temperature. (2) The
drying process for broiler waste cannot be
adequately described using the equation
presented by Young (1969). The form of the
equation MC = At* when used with the
appropriate coefficients adequately describes
the drying process as performed In these
tests. Stirring of the broiler waste material can
significantly decrease the time required for
drying of the material to a satisfactorv
moisture content (Merryman-East Central)
5137-A8, B3, E2
EFFECT OF SULFUR AND FYM
APPLICATION ON THE EFFI-
CIENCY OF ROCKPHOSPHATE
FOR WHEAT
Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Universi-
ty of, Allahabad, India
K.C. Swarankar, O.P. Singh, and M.M.
Verma
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,
V. 25, No. 4, p. 442-443, 1977. 1 tab.
Keywords: Sulfur, Farm wastes, Land appli-
cation, Rockphosphate, Crop response
Greenhouse and laboratory experiments with
wheat as the test plant were designed to
determine the effect of sulfur with and without
organic matter (animal dung and rotten leaf)
on the effectiveness of rockphosphate. The
organic matter was added at the rate of 6
tons/ha. Sulfur was incorporated into the soil
in 4 different doses (0, 3, 5, 70 and 140 kg/ha)
in the form of calcium sulphate. Uptake of
sulfur in plants was found to increase with
the increase In sulfur application up to 70
kg/ha. Response in sulfur uptake with
farmyard manure along with 35 kg S/ha
application was found equally effective as 70
kg S/ha or more of sulfur application without
organic matter. Application of sulfur increas-
ed the phosphate content of wheat, thereby
affecting P/S ratio and S application without
farmyard manure was 0.783 and with farm-
yard manure it was 0.866 showing higher P/S
ratio of plants due to the combined Influence
of S and organic matter. F test of the dry
matter showed that the data were significant
at 5% level. Various interactions were
observed between sulfur and organic matter
levels resulting in increased dry matter yield
and uptakes of S and P. Application of organic
matter along with S proved better as
compared to the application of either organic
matter or sulfur alone. (Merryman-East
Central)
5138-E3. Fl
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST-
RY WASTES AS AN ENERGY
RESOURCE
Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park,
California 94025
J.A. Allch, Jr. and J.G. Wltwer
Solar Energy, V. 19, p. 625-629, 1977. 13 tab.,
3 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural wastes, Forestry
wastes, Energy, Economics, Blomass, Recy-
cling
An evaluation is made of the feasibility of
converting agricultural and forestry residues
into energy on the basis of a county-by-county
inventory for the contiguous United States.
The SRI energy model was used to evaluate
the potential of biomass for production of
energy in the United States. Biomass resource
limits, biomass conversion economics, a
biomass forecast, and an aggregate energy
supply forecast are tabulated. By far the
largest consumption of biomass is the
production of synthetic natural gas represent-
ing 83 percent of the 2000 consumption and 75
percent of the 2020 consumption. In the year
2000, the total biomass consumption forecast
can be easily met with returned and wasted
residues in Region 4-8 (KY, TN, MS, AL, Ml,
OH, IN, IL, Wl, OK, AR, TX, LA, MN, IA,
MO, KS, NB, SD, ND, MT, ID, WY, NV, UT,
CO, AZ, NM, WA, OR, CA) with energy crops
required in Region 1 (ME, NH, VT, MA, CT.
Rl) and probably required In Regions 2 and 3
(NY, PA, NJ, DE, MD, WV, VA, NC, SC, GA,
FL). In the year 2020, the forecast requires
energy crops in Regions 1 through 6 with
Region 6 requiring by far the largest
contribution from energy crops. (Merryman
East Central)
5139-A7, A12, B2, B4, C2
DEATH IN A FARM WORKER
ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC
GASES FROM A LIQUID MA-
NURE SYSTEM - WISCONSIN
Anonymous
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V.
27, No. 6, p. 47-48, Feb. 10, 1978.
Keywords: Public health, Air pollution,
Hydrogen sulfide, Toxicity, Safety
The apparent cause of a farm worker
collapsing and dying while steam cleaning
gutters inside a calf barn In Eau Claire,
Wisconsin was the inhalation of toxic gases.
The source of the gases was a 100,000 gallon
liquid manure tank located beneath the barn.
While trying to rescue him, two other
workers experienced syncopal episodes but
recovered. Toxic gases released from decom-
posing manure include hydrogen sulfide,
carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia. In
this case, hydrogen sulfide was implicated as
the causative agent after air tests were
conducted under similar conditions two days
later. Factors contributing to hazardous
conditions present at the time of the incident
included: (1) full manure tank, (2) 30-60
minute agitation, (3) inadequate ventilation,
and (4) high protein diet of calves which made
the formation of hydrogen sulfide more likely.
Preventive measures against such deaths
include: (1) adequate ventilation, (2) contin-
gency plans for evacuating animals and
workers from enclosed farm buildings while
manure is agitating. (3) self-contained air
packs and safety harnesses for such workers,
and (4) reserve workers stationed outside.
(Stiles-East Central)
5.140-A8, B2, C2, E2
EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES
OF NITROGEN AND ADDED OR-
GANIC MATTER ON NODULA-
TION AND NITROGEN FIXATION
IN SOYBEAN
College of Agriculture, University of Pesha-
war, Pakistan
M. Hatam
Journal of Agricultural Research, V. 14, No. 4,
p. 202-211, Dec., 1976. 1 fig., 3 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Nitrogen fixation, Crop response,
Nitrogen, Cattle wastes, Land application,
Modulation
An investigation was conducted to see how
additional inorganic nitrogen to the soybean
plants could be applied without inhibiting
nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Treatments
were280KgN/haasNH^NOi>,88tons (T) ha,
176 tons/ha of liquid cattle manure and a
check which did not receive any fertilizer or
manure. Each treatment was without and with
14T/ha of ground corn cobs as organic matter
source. The experimental site was disced after
all material had been applied to the soil
surface. Total plant nitrogen in leaves, stem,
petioles and roots decreased from 4.16% to
1.26% as the plant developed The pods and
beans analyzed together at the fourth trifolio-
late stage contained 4.36% N which increased
gradually until the seed alone contained
7.18% N at the time of harvest. It was
observed that addition of organic matter
decreased the N percent of the plant
irrespective of the nitrogen treatment. This
difference was obvious in all the plants at all
developmental stages. Application of 280 Kg
N/ha as NK» NO. increased N content of plant
and seed over alfother treatments irrespective
of the addition of organic matter. The
manurial treatments (88.176 T/ha) did not
differ from the control as far as the N content
of the plant is concerned. (Merryman-East
Central)
5141-B2, E2
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION
OF SPRAY DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
FOR DAIRY FARMS IN NEW
ZEALAND
Agricultural Engineering Department, Mas-
sey University, Palmerston North, New Zea-
land
R.M. Clarke
Agricultural Engineering Australia, V. 6, No.
1, p. 10-18, July, 1977. 6 fig., 4 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Dairy wastes,
Irrigation, Design, Lagoons
Spray disposal can virtually eliminate all
pollution If properly managed, as well as
providing a measure of fertilization and
irrigation. However, high labor input and
pumping problems have affected Its popular-
ity. Spray disposal system design is discussed
with particular reference to component and
pump selection which are very much affected
by the properties of waste. A system of
primary solids separation to avoid damage
and blocking of pumps, pipes and sprinklers is
called for and this requires a screen ing system
210
-------
which Is effective and easily cleaned. Other
components and fittings must be suited to the
duty and simple enough for the farmer to
install if necessary. Given good design,
adequate screens or baskets, and traps,
sumps and pipelines of adequate size, there Is
no inherent problem which cannot oe over-
come, provided the operator Is prepared to
clean and maintain the system regularly.
Lagoons are increasing In popularity as a
treatment system because of the absence of
mechanical problems and a low labor Input.
However, the need to remove pollution
brought about by the high nutrient content of
the discharge may introduce further complex-
ity offsetting any present advantages over
spray disposal. (Merryman-East Central)
5142-E3
THE FEASIBILITY OF METHANE
PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY AN-
IMAL WASTES: THE FARMER'S
PERSPECTIVE
Department of Rural Sociology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York
H.R. Capener and D.C. Braithwaite
New York's Food and Life's Sciences, V. 11,
No. 1, p. 18-20, 1978. 2 fig., 5 ref.
Keywords: Methane, Recycling, Gas produc-
tion, Dairy industry
A study was conducted to examine the nature
and level of farmer interest in utilizing readily
availablesupplies of animal waste to generate
an alternative source of energy for the farm
and home. Information was obtained from 20
dairy farm operators located in New York and
Vermont. Only as they became aware that the
benefits of methane were directly associated
with waste handling, did the farmers show a
serious interest in a methane-generation
system. Five significant advantages in a
liquified slurry waste-handling system associ-
ated with a methane producing anaerobic
system were: (1) elimination of daily spread-
ing, (2) retention of slurry in a storage tank
indefinitely which allows spreading when
conditions are optimal, (3) retention of
nutrient value of the waste material until it is
returned to the soil, (4) increased labor
efficiency, and (5) benefits of an alternate
source of energy for farm and home use. In
practice, the farmers want the manure out of
the barn and by automatic means. Labor
demand rather than cost is a primary issue.
Medium-to large-scale dairy operations are in
the market for improved waste-handling
procedures. The part that methane gas
generators will play in this quest for a
breakthrough will be important to study and
observe. (Merryman-East Central)
5143-A11, B3, E3
FEEDING CATTLE WASTE
MAKES SENSE: CANADIANS
Anonymous
Feedstuffs. V. 50, No. 36, p. 12, Aug. 28,
1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Cattle wastes, Per-
formance, Animal health, Carcass quality,
Zinc
University of Guelph researchers allotted
three corn silage based diets supplemented
with soybean meal or urea or wet cage layer
excreta to 90 Hereford steers of 210 kg.
During the 125 day feeding trial, steers were
checked once weekly by a veterinarian for
signs of Illness and for digestive disturbances.
The cattle accepted the corn silage diet
supplemented with cage layer excreta at the
22% level consuming significantly more dry
matter daily than In the corn silage-soybean
meal control diet. Gains were similar and feed
efficiency was slightly lower for the excreta
diet. About 10% shelled corn was required in
the diet to make the excreta ration comparable
in energy value to the control. Except for a
slightly elevated level of zinc in liver, there
were no effects of diet on mineral levels In the
several tissues. Except for slightly higher
dressing percentage of excreta fed cattle, diet
had no significant effect on carcass merit.
Feeding either excreta or urea to cattle had no
significant effect on iuiciness, tenderness,
flavor or over-all satisfaction of the beef.
(Merryman-East Central)
5144-B2, Cl, C2, D3, E3
CARBON/NITROGEN RATIO
AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
OF SWINE WASTE
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
D. M. Sievers and D. E. Brune
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 3, p
537-541, 549, May-June, 1978. 9 fig., 2 tab.,
12 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic, Digesters, Swine
wastes, Carbon, Nitrogen, Methane, Gas
production
The greatest volume of methane production
was observed in digesters operating on a
substrate of high carbon/nitrogen (C/N)
ratio. However, these digesters tended to be
unstable ecologically and operated on the
verge of failure. Digesters operated on a low
C/N ratio (high nitrogen) substrate, although
exhibiting lower gas production, were seen to
become highly buffered and more stable. The
low C/N digesters, because of their stability,
were better able to adjust to increases in
organic loading. The C/N range of 15.5/1 to
19/1 was found to be the optimum range in
terms of maximum methane production based
on variation in loading rates. Maximum gas
production (690 mL CH ^ /g organic carbon
loaded) occurred at a loadinq rate of 2.24 g
volatile solids (VS)/L/day and a C/N ratio of
19/1. Due to unstable operating conditions
observed at high C/N ratios, it is suggested
that a C/N ratio of 16/1 may provide more
operational stability with minimum loss in gas
production. This corresponds to a 55 to 60%
reduction in total organic carbon (TOC).
(Sievers-University of Missouri)
5145-D1
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT FOR POULTRY
EXCRETA
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
J. E. Dixon, G. D. Wells, and M. L. Esmay
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 3, p.
534-536, May-June, 1978. 2 fig., 1 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords Poultry wastes, Dehydration, Con-
vective heat transfer coefficient
Data were analyzed to determine material and
configuration specific constants for calculating
the convective heat transfer coefficient for
poultry excreta. The convective heat transfer
coefficient equation used was: hc = aGln' /D"
where hj is the heat transfer coefficient, G Is
the mass velocity, Dc Is a characteristic
dimension, and constants are a, m and n. The
constants a, m and n were determined for use
with metric and American engineering units.
(Dixon-University of Idaho)
5146-B3, E3, Fl
CATTLE FURNISH
SWINE FEED
CHEAP
Anonymous
Progressive Farmer, V. 93, No. 8, p. 21, Aug.,
1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Cattle wastes, Swine,
Economics
Because his cattle were being fed on concrete,
Lemmy Wilson decided to rectify his economic
disaster of trying to sell dried cattle manure as
fertilizer to consumers by feeding the cattle
manure to hogs. Wilson's feedlot manager
suggested letting the cattle mix the hog feed
themselves. Ground corn and protein supple-
ment was put on the concrete floors and after
three days, the cattle had mixed their waste
with the corn and supplement. The waste
mixture was hauled to the swine lots for
feeding. The hogs take about a thrid longer to
finish than with normal swine feeding
systems. But they do it with about two thirds
of the feed cost. It takes 90 cattle to feed 500
hogs. This system has been used through four
groups of swine and no problems have arisen
so far. (Merryman-East Central)
5147-All, B3, Dl, E3
CATTLE MILKED WELL AND
GAINED ON RATIONS CONTAIN-
ING MANURE
A. H Rakes, W. L. Johnson, J. C. Wilk and
D. G. Davenport
Hoard's Dairyman, V. 123, No. 15, p. 921,
Aug. 10, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Refeeding, Cattle wastes, Screen-
ing, Cattle, Performance
North Carolina State University research has
revealed that screened manure solids can be
substituted for some of the conventional
roughage in the blended rations of heifers,
steers and milk cows. On farms short of
roughage, use of manure solids can help cut
feed costs, as well as eliminate some manure
disposal problems. Precautions to be taken
include: (1) Extra grain must be fed to
compensate for low nutritive value of screened
manure formulating ration. (2) Manure must
be fed in a blended ration. Small amounts
should be added at first and increases made as
animals become accustomed to it. (3) The
manure must be fed fresh or preserved in
some manner. (4) Local and state regulations
should be checked before feeding manure
solids. (Merryman-East Central)
5148-B2, B4, Cl, C2, E2
EARTHEN PITS FOR MANURE
AND RECYCLED FLUSH-WATER
STORAGE
USDA-SEA-FR, University of Nebraska, Lin-
coln
211
-------
C. G. Gilbertson, J. A. Nienaber, J. R. Ellis
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 3, p.
557-560, May-June, 1978. 5 fig., 10 ref.
Keywords: Waste storage, Earthen pits,
Solids, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Recycling,
Flushing, Land application
(1) The earthen pit (8.3m deep), with a volume
of 11.7m/animal was operated successfully for
4 years. However, settled solids accumulation
would prevent indefinite operation with
cleanout.
(2) Solids (floating and settled) accumulated in
the pit at an average rate 1.56 m/anlmal year,
or 13.6% of the design volume from January
1972 through March 1975. If the lot were
operated at full capacity, however, estimated
settled and floating solids would accumulate
at 16%/year of the design volume.
(3) From January 1972 through March 1975,
about 20% of the manure was pumped to field
disposal. The remaining_ solids were contained
in the floating mat (14%), suspended in the
effluent (9%), or lost through undetermined
processes.
(4) Odor production was not an apparent
problem when there was a floating manure
mat, which seemed to be a major advantage of
this system.
(5) The storage pit contained considerable
quantities of the fertilizer elements, N, and P.
An estimate 1,461 kg of N and 298 kg of P
were contained in the effluent pumped from
the pit to the disposal field. As of March 1975,
an additional 13,059 kg of N was estimated to
be contained in the floating manure mat and
settled solids. (6) The low volume earthen pit
has potential application for manure and
recycled flush water storage provided that
settled solids are removed at frequent
intervals. Partial cost recovery of maintenance
may be possible by utilizing the settled solids
as fertilizer for crop use and recycling flush
water in geographic locations where water is
limited. (C. B. Gilbertson-USDA-SEA-FR,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln)
5149-A6. El, F2
COMMON SCENTS: A* ANALY-
SIS OF THE LAW OF tEEDLOT
ODOR CONTROL
Associate, Kutak Rock Cohen Campbell
Garfinkle & Woodward, Omaha, Nebraska
D. P. Burke
Creighton Law Review, V. 10, p. 539-591,
1977
Keywords: Odor control, Feedlots, Legal
aspects, Nuisance Law, Nebraska Law, Iowa
Law
This analysis is an attempt to examine how
our society, through its legal system, has
responded to the problem of feedlot odor
control, what rules have been developed, and
what concepts have been employed to resolve
the conflict. Nebraska's feedlot odor is
controlled by nuisance law. The three factors
relevant in determining whether a nuisance
exists are: negligent operation of a feedlot,
location of a feedlot, and time priority of who
got there first. Possible court actions are
discussed. In Iowa and some other jurisdic-
tions the legislature has reasserted its
lawmaking role by making special rules for
feedlot odor suits. The Iowa nuisance law is a
general one and does not modify the common
law. Under Iowa's law, location is most
important. Other relevant factors, including
the three previously cited, are the nature,
frequency, and duration of the odor. Possible
court actions and enforcement mechanisms
are discussed. Rules which are established
by and during judicial resolution of feedlot
odor disputes determine where feedlots can
be located, which feedlots must be abandoned
or moved, and techniques, procedures, and
equipment an operator must use to control
odors. However, due to the nature of the
feedlot odor problem it is difficult to
announce an inclusive set of rules which will
define what is legally permitted and what is
not. (Stiles-East Central)
5150-A2, A3, A4, Bl, E2, Fl, F2
FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL
FROM POINT/NON-POINT
SOURCES
American National Cattlemen's Association
American National Cattlemen's Association
Special Report, 1975, 24 p. 2 fig.
Keywords: Legal aspects, NPDES, Agricultur-
al runoff, Feedlot runoff, Runoff control, Point
sources, Non-point sources, Water pollution,
Model studies, Economics
This is the National Cattlemen's Association's
response to a series of informal public
hearings. The Association appointed a special
committee to evaluate the point/non-point
sources NPDES exemption-court order. In-
formation within the report includes: (1)
Definition of "Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations," (2) Comments on Hydrologic
Model to Predict Quantity and Quality of
Feedlot Runoff, (3) Economic Impact of BPT
and BAT vs. Size, (4) Recommendations on
Effluent Limitations, (5) Recommendations
for Land Application of Manure, and (6)
Administrative Devices. (Merryman-East
Central)
5151-B1, E2, Fl
HOW CONNECTICUT DAIRY-
MEN HANDLE MANURE
P. Roberts
Hoard's Dairyman, V. 123, No. 5, p. 305, 374,
March 10, 1978 1 fig.
Keywords: Waste management, Dairy indus-
try, Bedding, Land application, Economics,
Waste storage, Equipment-waste manage-
ment
A survey of 40 Connecticut dairy farms was
recently conducted which showed a great deal
of variation in manure handling techniques.
Herd sizes of survey farms ranged from 40 to
300 cows. Nine of the milking herds,
averaging 90 cows, were housed in stanchion
barns. There was also a young stock facility
using stanchions which housed 40 dairy
heifers. Herds on 31 farms were In free stalls.
Sawdust, sand, shavings, wood chips, and
even cocoa shells were used as bedding on
farms in the survey. Costs for bedding ranged
from $3 per month per cow in one stanchion
barn and $2 per month per cow in a free stall
system to as low as virtually nothing. Low
bedding costs were reported In a stanchion
barn with rubber mats and grates over gutters
and in several free stall systems where sand
was used. Seventeen farms spread manure
each day. Twenty-one free stall herds and two
stanchion herds used manure storage. Advan-
tages given for daily haul were: labor
demands were more uniform, no high labor
demand to unload a storage, investment cost
was less, no fly and odor problems, no ugly
stack of manure or manure pond and less
energy requirements for hauling dryer ma-
nure. Advantages given for storage were:
allows scheduling of spreading to reduce
runoff and loss of nutrients, has potential for
best nutrient use, storage systems offer
opportunities for more mechanization and
they eliminate the unpleasant chore of daily
spreading during adverse weather. Storage
costs ranged from less than $1,000 to more
than $20,000. Investment per cow varied from
$12 to $70 for six months' storage. Earthen
pits were most common. Equipment costs
ranged from fairly expensive to relatively
inexpensive. Few dairymen spread their
manure very far from the loading point.
Number of acres covered varied widely.
(Merryman-East Central)
5152-B2, Cl, C2, D3, E3
METHANE PRODUCTION FROM
LIVESTOCK WASTE
Texas Agricultural Extension Service, The
Texas A&M University System, College
Station, Texas 77843
J. M. Sweeten
Texas Agricultural Progress, V. 24, No. 3, p.
19-22, Summer, 1978. 2 fig., 1 tab.
Keywords: Recycling, Livestock wastes, Poul-
try wastes, Anaerobic, Digesters, Methane,
Refeeding, Thermonetics, Inc., Gas produc-
tion
Of Texas' 10.6 million tons of dry matter
produced each year from livestock and poultry
manure, only 4.1 million tons of dry manure is
economically recoverable. From this manure
tonnage, about 14 trillion BTU's of energy per
year in the form of methane could be produced
by using a two-phase anaerobic digestion
process in which organic solids are broken
down by bacteria into organic acids which are
then converted by bacteria into methane,
carbon dioxide, and water. Because most
large livestock feeding facilities are designed
for efficient, low-cost manure removal, met-
hane recovery potential is limited. However,
significant quantities of methane can still be
produced from most livestock operations.
Manure for methane production should be
collected daily, but more than % of the
collectable manure produced in Texas is
collected once or twice a year. Experiments
with digesters have focused on crucial factors
in methane production including: optimum
temperature ranges, detention times, loading
rates, and pH conditions. Texas A&M
researchers are studying operating conditions
that will allow a battery of batch-loaded
digesters operated in parallel to provide peak
sustained methane yields. Thermonetics, Inc.
of Oklahoma City, which is already operating
a Calorific Recovery Anaerobic Process plant
near Guyman, Oklahoma for methane produc-
tion, is planning to construct three large-scale
methane generation plants in the Texas
Panhandle. Economic feasibility of such
plants is contingent upon the sale of feedstuffs
recovered from manure slurry to furnish about
half the gross revenue. -Fiber containing 11 %
crude protein is screened from the manure
slurry before it enters the digester. Then, a
26% protein filter cake is recovered from the
digested slurry by centrifugation. Land area
requirements for disposal of stored digested
slurry are decreased 70% as compared to
most other feedlot waste management opera-
tions. Large utility-scale systems are more
economically feasible than smaller systems.
Major sources of problems in methane
productions are the mechanical aspects of
manure handling and general plumbing
problems. It is possible for these problems to
be overcome by adequate financing and
competent design. (Stiles-East Central)
212
-------
5153-A10, Bl
INTRODUCING DUNG BEETLES
AS AN AID IN MANURE DISPOS-
AL AND FLY CONTROL
J.L. Lancaster, Jr. and J.S. Hunter, III
Arkansas Farm Research, V. 27, No. 4, p. 4,
July-August, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Fly control, Dung beetles, Cattle
wastes
Laboratory evaluations of the effectiveness of
the dung beetle Onthopagus gazel/a by the
Australians against their bush fly showed that
where sufficient numbers of beetles were
confined to manure pads seeded with known
numbers of eggs and larvae of the fly,
complete elimination of the fly resulted if the
manure was buried by the dung beetles
quickly enough. Similarly, Texas workers,
after introduction of this species from Austra-
lia, also showed a high reduction in horn fly
emergence from cow pads exposed to high
numbers of beetles. Current experiments in
Arkansas have shown that If manure burial Is
rapid enough, reduction in face fly numbers
may result. In the Harmon area of Arkansas,
975 pairs of Onthopagus gazella and 605 pairs
of Onthopagus taurus were released at
intervals during the summer and early fall
months of 1977. Search and recovery attempts
for these beetles in May and June of 1978 did
not yield any beetles. A later similar
experiment near Ozark was a little more
successful. Traps placed Jn that area a year
after the beetles' release yielded specimens of
Onthopagus taurus. Several years may be
required to adapt these species to their new
habitat. Whether or not some fly control
results remains to be seen. Additional
benefits of the beetle include: (1) Burial of the
manure by the beetles conserves fertility
values. (2) Burrows made by the beetles
aerate the soil and aid in percolation of water
(Merryman-East Central)
5154-B1, B4, E2
MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY MA-
NURE HANDLING SYSTEMS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
T. L. Loudon and R. L Maddex
Paper No. 78-4015, American Society of
Agricultual Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
12 p. 3 fig., 2 tab., 2 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Waste manage-
ment, Waste storage, Land Application
Management is the intelligent input to the
operation of a set of waste handlfhg equip-
ment and farilities Management lechniques
for various components of dairy waste
handling systems are reviewed Particular
emphasis is given to management of storage
facilities. (Loudon-Michigan State University)
5155-A4, Bl, F2
MISSOURI'S SHOW-ME AP-
PROACH TO 208 INVOLVE-
MENT
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Missouri Columbia, Columbia,
Missouri 65211
J. M. Steichen
Paper No. 78-2034, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
6 p. 5 ref.
Keywords: Legal aspects, Water pollution,
Nonpolnt sources, Waste management
Section 208 of Public Law 92-500 requires that
Missouri prepare an "area wide waste
treatment management plan" dealing with
nonpoint sources of pollution for the entire
state. Many types of plans are required by
Section 208, but this paper deals primarily
with agriculturally related sources. Successful
implementation of a 208 plan depends on
public support. Public involvement early in
plan development will help build this base of
support. Missouri has established 114 county
committees and 21 area councils. All of
Missouri's 114 counties organized a County
Water Quality Committee. About 110 counties
have submitted reports identifying nonpoint
source problems. Several also have reported
on management practices and implementation
programs. The committees seem to under-
stand the problem, but are worried about
finding a fair solution. They wonder who will
pay for It, and how it can be done without
unnecessary infringement on personal proper-
ty rights. An immense education job lies
ahead in order to implement the Rural Clean
Water Program. (Merryman-East Central)
5156-B1, Cl, C2, E2
NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE IN
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MA-
NURE RESIDUE AS REFLECTED
BY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
USDA-Science & Education Administration,
Lincoln, Nebraska
C. B. Gilbertson, D. L. Van Dyne, C. J.
Clanton and R. K. White
Paper No. 78-3064, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
19 p. 5 fig., 8 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Waste composition, Computer models, Heavy
metals, Trace elements, Toxic minerals,
Arsenic, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper,
Solids, Chemical oxygen demand
"Best usable values" for livestock and poultry
manure residues were calculated by use of a
computer model. Calculated constituents in-
cluded total solids, volatile solids, N, P, K,
Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, C~u, As, and COD'
from dairy, beef, swine, sheep, layers,
broilers, and turkeys. The values that were
determined reflect gains, losses and transfers
of solids and nutrients that result from
alternative manure management systems. It is
recommended that livestock and poultry
manure residues from specific sites be
analyzed for specific constituents prior to
determining land application rate, feed value,
energy potential, or pollution potential.
(Merryman-East Central)
5157-A1, 33, C2, D3, E2
NEW SLURRY COMPOSTING
PROCESS
Anonymous
Farm Buildings Digest, V. 10, No. 3, p. 5-6,
Autumn, 1975. 3 fig.
Keywords: Composting, Slurries, Equipment-
composting, Cattle wastes, Design, Swine
wastes, Economics, Land application
Dr. K. R. Gray and Dr. A. J. Biddlestone have
developed and tested under farm conditions a
new composting technique for converting
slurry Into a solid, stackable product with no
residual liquid effluent. Composting equip-
ment consists of four specially constructed
compartments maintained under forced aera-
tion. In each compartment a batch of slurry
and straw Is composted for a about a month;
the compartment is then emptied and refilled.
The capital installed cost of a manufactured
unit is likely to be about 10 pounds/pig place,
100 pounds/cow place. Labor needs for a 1000
pig or 100 cow unit are about half an hour a
day for filling and 1-2 hours a week for
emptying the compartment and stockpiling
the compost. For the same size of unit about
5-10 hp are needed continuously for the forced
air supply, 1-2 hp for the recycle liquor pump,
and 10 hp for half an hour a day for the slurry
pump. Production of compost from a 1000 pig
or 100 cow unit is about 650 tons/year. NPK
nutrient content of the material is worth 3.90
pounds/ton fresh weight, based on February,
1975 fertilizer prices. The compost can be
used immediately for field application or it can
be stockpiled for future use. This process,
which is now ready for commercial exploita-
tion, makes a significant contribution towards
solving the pollution problems caused by farm
waste effluents. (Merryman-East Central)
5158-B2
DESIGN OF LIQUID
TANK ROOF SLABS
MANURE
School of Engineering, University of Guelph,
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
J.C. Jofriet
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, V. 20,
No. 1, p. 38-44, June, 1978. 10 fig., 6 tab., 6
ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Manure tanks,
Design, Roofs
In many cases, it is desirable to cover liquid
manure tanks. The roof slab will often be
subjected to traffic loads from tractors,
wagons and other farm implements. When
substantial wheel loads are to be designed for,
a poured concrete flat slab very often provides
an economical solution. This paper deals with
the effect of concentrated loads on rectangular
flat slab panels. It also deals with the analysis
and design of a roof slab for circular tanks that
are too large for a single central column
support. The result of the various analyses
have been used to provide design recom-
mendations that can be used directly by the
designer if used in conjunction with the
Canadian Farm Building Code and concrete
design code. (Jofriet-Unlversity of Guelph))
5159-B2, C2, D3
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXY-
GEN CONCENTRATION ON THE
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF
SWINE WASTE
Department of Bio-Resource Engineering,
University of British Columbia, 2975 Wes-
brook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T
1W5, Canada
N.R. Bulley and J.T.R. Hudson
Canadian Agricultural Engineering, V. 20,
No. 1, p. 60-63, June, 1978. 4 fig., 3 tab., 12
ref.
213
-------
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste treatment,
Design, Aerobic treatment, Dissolved oxygen,
Chemical oxygen demand
Most aerobic waste treatment system designs
recommend that the dissolved oxygen concen-
tration be maintained at 0.5-2.0 mg/l. This
design parameter may not be applicable to
high strength wastes. Swine wastes (initial
chemical oxygen demand (COD), 30,000
mg/l)were batch-digested at three levels of
dissolved oxygen (0.5-2.0 mg/l; 5-8 mg/l; and
15-20 mg/l) over 14-day treatment
periods. The results indicate that dissolved
oxygen concentrations greater than 2 mg/l
produce a significant Increase in the rate of
aerobic stabilization of the waste. For this
waste, the bacteria were able to remove the
organic compounds responsible for the soluble
COD from solution within 2 days at all oxygen
levels but they were able to oxidize these
chemicals more rapidly at the higher oxygen
concentrations. This increase in the rate of
stabilization with oxygen concentration could
have a direct effect on the design of waste
treatment systems for other high strength
animal and food processing wastes. (Bulley-
University of British Columbia)
5160-A11, El
MORE ON THREE-LEVEL BROIL-
ER BREEDER SYSTEM
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 437, p. 372, July,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry, Management, Design,
Performance
Brian Emery, a contract hatching producer in
England, has obtained satisfactory results
with a three-level arrangement for housing
broiler breeder birds. This arrangement
utilizes a litter area on each side of a manure
pit covered with slats and another slatted floor
about 3 to 4 feet above the pit. The purpose of
this type of arrangement is to increase poultry
house capacity and to utilize body heat of the
birds to maintain temperature in the winter.
Emery acknowledges that there is consider-
able aggravation attached to inspecting the
birds on the top deck, and also that there is a
lot of equipment to go into the house and to be
removed at clean-out time. Emery thinks if he
were starting with a new house a deep pit
would be better for removal of the droppings.
In 1977, hen-housed average was 151.4 eggs
per bird: hatching eggs per bird, 143.3;
fertility, 94%, and first quality chicks per
dam, 123. At the end of the lay, the birds were
about 1/2 pound overweight. Floor eggs totaled
4%, and most of them were laid in the shadow
of nest boxes on the ground floor. (Stiles-East
Central)
5161-A5, B3, C2, Dl, D2, E3
ANOTHER POSITIVE STEP IN
RECYCLING
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 16, No. 9, p. 48, Sept., 1978.
Keywords: Salt, Groundwater pollution, Dairy
wastes, Dehydration, Refeeding, Fuels
The solution to salt in the Los Angeles water
table may also be another step forward in
manure reclamation for laro,e feedlots. In
response to the problem of 160,000 dairy cows
in the L. A. milk shed depositing 60,000 tons of
salt a year through feces, the Chino Basin
Municipal Water District commissioned Ceres
Ecology Corporation of Sterling, Colorado to
solve the problem. The salt problem was
solved with a Carver-Greenfield dryer. This is
the only dryer which lubricates the mass. In
this process, the salt in the manure Is
captured and retained In the protein fraction
which is pelleted. The 81% moisture manure
fed into the dryer comes out as dry
roughage-type product which Is 80% the value
of corn silage and can be refed or used as a
fuel and also a dry-fine protein powder which
is pelleted and refed, complete with salt.
(Stiles-East Central)
5162-A6, F2
ODOR COMPLAINTS MUST BE
VALID
Anonymous
Calf News , V. 16, No. 9, p. 44, Sept., 1978.
Keywords: Odor, Nuisance lawsuit
Odor regulations are being studied by the
Texas Air Control Board to determine an
easier, more reasonable way to perfect the
present expensive procedures under the
nuisance provision of the Texas Clean Air Act.
Dr. John M. Sweeten, agricultural engineer,
feels there are four points which should be
considered in a valid odor complaint: (1) Odor
frequency from the alleged source. (2) Valid
records should be kept of duration of the odor.
(3) Odor intensity should be scientifically
established by chemical or organoleptic
measurement of the average and peak odor
intensities. (4) A qualified panel should
determine odor offensiveness. (Stiles-East
Central)
5163-B2, Fl
MOVE HOGS INDOORS-NEXT
STEP IN HOG CONFINEMENT
Anonymous
Missouri Ruralist, V. 119, No. 11, p. 24-25,
June, 1978. 3 fig.
Keywords: Swine, Management, Design,
Economics, Flushing, Ventilation
The latest trend in hog finishing appears to be
the use of the modified open front building.
Advantages are lower cost In comparison to
total confinement barns and the benefits of
natural ventilation. Harvey Peterson, a Mis-
souri farmer, has modified the open front
building to fit his particular needs. Peterson's
unit is 32 by 84 feet with eight pens holding a
total of 240 market hogs. Height at front eave
is 12 feet and height at rear is 6 feet. The unit
includes a unique gutter flush system In
which the gutter has been deepened to almost
6 inches, allowing Peterson to add slats later
and still use the flush system. The gutter Is 6
feet wide under the flushing tank and narrows
to 4 feet at the far end where the flushing
water leaves the building and drains to a
lagoon. The gutter's slope begins with a drop
of 2 inches in 20 feet and increases in 2-inch
Increments every 20 feet. Total fall is 1.5 feet.
Perhaps the most unique feature of Peterson's
unit is the gutter flushing tank which is made
from an old 300-gallon fuel tank with a wide
strip cut from the length of the tank. The tank
rolls on an axis within a framework to dump
the water. Tripping mechanism is the weight
of the water Itself. A long block of styrofoam is
attached inside the tank near the top on one
side. As the tank fills, the styrofoam displaces
water on that side and causes the tank to roll
over as It gets heavier on the opposite side.
Natural ventilation Is achieved by raising a
plastic curtain attached to the upper part of
the front wall. Rear ventlllatlon doors are
lifted In summer, but tightly closed In winter.
Feeders which serve two pens each are filled
through roof hatches. Cost of Peterson's unit
ran about $75 per hog. That's slightly higher
than the $65 figured for building an open front
feeding floor. However, the extra cost should
be recovered in higher gains In winter.
(Stiles-East Central)
S164-A6, B2, B4
OPEN LAGOONS MAY DISAP-
PEAR
Anonymous
Beef, V. 15, No. 1, p. 49, Sept., 1978.
Keywords: Odor, Legal aspects, Lagoons,
Design
Vern Meyer, Iowa State University agricultur-
al engineer, says many operators now using
lagoons have had odor problems and Meyer
predicts that new odor regulations In the state
will either force feeders to abandon the lagoon
system—or redesign it. Meyer told cattlemen
at the recent ISU Cattle Producers Day that
the obvious answer to the problem is to build
much larger lagoons than operators are now
using. However, a much larger lagoon has the
following disadvantages: (1) large amounts of
water must be used since the lagoon must be
pumped half full of water before manure can
be added, and (2) the lagoons will have to be
emptied about twice a year, and then brought
back to the half-full level. (Stiles-East Central)
516S-B3, E2
ONE FARMER'S OUTLOOK ON
COMPOSTING MANURE
R. Thompson
Compost Science, V. 19, No. 3, p. 25,
May-June, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Composting, Land application
Problems with yields on part of his corn
acreage and lack of a place to put manure in
early spring made Richard Thompson of
Boone, Iowa adopt composting in his manure
management program. Thompson states the
following as benefits derived from compost-
ing: (1) Life is more enjoyable. (2) More
nitrogen Is retained in the manure. (3) Energy
is saved since less or no anhydrous ammonia
is needed. (4) Air and water are not polluted.
(5) The compost Is less compacting on soil. (6)
Livestock are healthier due to cleaner yards
and sheds. (7) Composting Is a good
management tool. (8) Composting kills weed
seed and helps control diseases. Thompson
has bought an Easy Over compost turning
attachment for his tractor and can turn more
than 500 tons of compost In an hour, as
opposed to the two days required by the
stationary manure spreader and loader. Time
and yield response make this a feasible way of
disposing of manure. (Stiles-East Central)
5166-A11, Bl, E3
PREPARING BROILER HOUSE
WHEN USING OLD LITTER
Anonymous
214
-------
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 437 p 352 July
1978.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Recycling, Animal
health
If old litter Is to be used for the next lot of
broilers, the following precautions should be
carefully considered: (1) Re-use litter only
from a previous broiler flock that was In good
health. (2) Old litter should not be used If the
previous flock experienced a high percentage
of processing condemnations. (3) Litter should
not be reused if It is excessively wet
throughout or excessively caked. If the above
conditions are favorable, obvious economic
savings are possible—in cleaning time, labor
and litter material cost. The old litter must be
conditioned and prepared before the chicks
are brooded. Strict attention must be paid to
ventilation, ammonia and dust levels when
brooding broiler chicks on old litter. If these
management factors are not carefully control-
led, significant damage to the flock is possible
and performance may be greatly impaired.
(Stiles-East Central)
5167-A4, A6, A7, All, All, B2,
D3, F3
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF
ANIMAL SLURRIES
systems which still require agricultural land
as the final treatment stage. (Stiles-East
Central)
5168-All, E3
RECYCLED SWINE WASTE FED
IN GROWING-FINISHING DIET
Anonymous
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 3, p. 14, July 24, 1978.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Refeeding, Swine,
Performance
According to a University of Kentucky study,
growing-finishing pigs readily accepted both
an unprocessed and a fermented feed mixture
containing their own feces. Twenty-four pigs
were continuously fed their own feces mixed
with a basic corn-soybean meal ration at rates
of 15-18% of the total ration dry matter. A
control group of 11 pigs was fed the basic
corn-soybean ration with no manure added.
Average gains for the control treatment were
.75 kg per day for the study. Pigs receiving
recycled manure ate less feed and had
somewhat lower daily gains. (Stiles-East
Central)
by grazing with naturally infected sheep in
each of the summer months (December,
January, February) and the first month of
autumn (March). At intervals until mld-to late
winter, the availability of infection on pasture
was estimated by grazing with worm-free
'tracer' lambs which were subsequently
slaughtered for worm counts. Summer rainfall
in both years was above average. Tracer
counts of Haemonchus contortus and Osterta-
gia, Trlchostrongylus and Nematodirus spp.
per 10* eggs per hectare remained high
during summer, with evidence that migration
of larvae to the herbage could continue for at
least 2 months after contamination. Rates of
decline In tracer worm counts over the autumn
and winter did not differ between years, and
from an assumed maximum 2 months after
contamination In each of the summer months,
were fastest from December and slowest from
February contamination. These rates were
similar for all genera on December-contamin-
ated plots, but on January and February plots,
Osteragia spp. declined more slowly. H.
contortus numbers fell sharply in early
autumn to be low by the end of May. By
mid-July there would be a few larvae of all
genera available on pastures contaminated in
December and January, but this is less certain
on February contaminated pastures, especial-
ly for Osteragis spp. Implications for the
control of nematode infections in sheep by
anthelmintic treatment and grazing manage-
ment are considered. (Donald-CSIRO)
The West of Scotland Agricultural College
S. Baines, M.R. Evans, R. Hissett, and R.Q.
Hepherd
The Agricultural Engineer, V. 28, No. 2, p.
72-76, Summer, 1973. 4 tab.
Keywords: Slurries, Waste treatment, Aero-
bic, Anaerobic, Odor, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Public health, Animal health
Economic pressures have led to increasing
intensification of livestock production. Short-
age and/or cost of straw plus the increased
number of animals confined to one place has
led to animal wastes being handled in slurry
form. In almost ail instances slurry is
subjected to storage in tanks or in under-slat
channels for periods varying from 2 or 3 weeks
to several months. This has resulted in
uncontrolled anaerobic treatment which has
given rise to odor and noxious gases. The
need has been recognized to investigate and
develop efficient systems for treating slurry in
such a way as to minimize social nuisance,
pollution of water courses, and the risks to
animal and human health. Constraints inher-
ent in any such system include a regard for
cost and technical difficulties of installation
operation and maintenance. The most effi-
cient systems are therefore likely to be those
which include the largest element of conserva-
tion of the valuable components of slurry and
result in production of materials which can be
utilized. Biological systems are considered
more suitable for recycling purposes,
minimizing the possibilities of added toxic
chemical residues entailed in chemical treat-
ment. Continuous aerobic systems for the
treatment of whole slurries from fattening
pigs, beef cattle and battery hens have been
evaluated in laboratory-scale units. Biological
treatment of slurries must be integrated into a
system of animal housing, slurry collection,
treatment and handling to meet the require-
ments and objectives in each individual case.
Factors to be taken into account include the
topography and climatic conditions, in
addition to the area of land and its availability
for the application of the material in either the
treated or untreated form. In the immediate
future, further investigations will be directed
toward more profitable utilization of the
components of treated or untreated slurry
alongside the development of operational
5169-A2, A4
EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF
ON FREE-LIVING AQUATIC CIL-
IATED PROTOZOA
Department of Veterinary Pathology and
Hygiene, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
K.S. Todd, Jr.
Research Report No. 131, University of Illinois
Water Resources Center, Aug., 1977, 13 p. 3
tab., 1 fig.
Keywords: Feedlot runoff, Water pollution,
Microorganisms
Water samples and free-living and sessile
ciliated protozoa were collected at various
distances above and below a stream that
received runoff from a feedlot. No correlation
was found between the species of protozoa
recovered, water chemistry, location in the
stream, or time of collection. (Todd-University
of Illinois)
5170-A10, All, Bl
AVAILABILITY TO GRAZING
SHEEP OF GASTROINTESTINAL
NEMATODE INFECTION ARIS-
ING FROM SUMMER CONTA-
MINATION OF PASTURES
Division of Animal Health, CSIRO, McMaster
Laboratory, Private Bag No. 1, Glebe, N.S.W.
2037, Australia
A.D. Donald, F.H.W. Morley, P.J. Waller, A
Axelsen, and J.R. Donnelly
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,
V 29, p. 189-204, Jan., 1978. 5 fig., 3 tab., 22
ref.
Keywords: Pastures, Grazing, Animal health,
Sheep, Sheep wastes, Nematodes, Larvae
In two successive years, separate phalaris-
subterranean clover pasture plots near Can-
berra were contaminated with nematode eqqs
5171-A8, B2, C2, E2
EFFECTS OF LIQUID SWINE
WASTE APPLICATIONS ON
CORN YIELD AND SOIL CHEMI-
CAL COMPOSITION
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907
A.L. Sutton, D.W. Nelson, V.B. Mayrose, and
J.C. Nye
Journal of Environmental Quality, V 7, No. 3,
p. 325-333, July-Sept., 1978. 2 fig., 6 tab., 32
ref.
Keywords:Liquid wastes, Swine wastes, Land
application, Crop response, Soil chemistry,
Aerobic, Anaerobic, Salts, Potassium, Phos-
phorus, Nitrogen, Nitrate
A 2-year field experiment was conducted to
study the effects of salt (0.2 and 0 5%) in
swine rations, liquid waste handling systems
(aerobic and anaerobic), and application rates
on the recycling of swine wastes to Fox silt
loam and Chalmers silt loam soils cropped to
corn (Zea mays L.). Liquid swine waste (1.8 to
3.0% dry matter) was applied annually at
rates of 45, 90, and 134 metric tons/ha. The
high rate provided an average of 378 kg N,
113 kg P, 163 kg K, and 42 kg Na per" ha.
Check and Inorganic fertilizer (168 kg N/ha,
56 kg PI ha, 112 kg K/ha) treatments were
included. Soil Na, nitrate N, and extractable P
concentrations increased with increasing
waste application rates. Soil electrical
conductivity was not affected by waste
application rate. The effects of dietary salt
levels and waste handling systems on the
chemical composition of the soils were
inconsistent. There was evidence for down-
ward movement of Na, K, and NOj" in the soil
profile of plots receiving waste and fertilizer.
Downward movement of NO=" was observed
to a greater extent in fertilizer-treated plots
than in waste-treated plots. Under climatic
conditions prevailing in this study, 2 years of
waste application had no detrimental effects
on the chemical composition of the two silt
loam soils. Soil application of waste resulting
215
-------
from different dietary salt levels and waste
handling systems resulted in similar corn
yields and leaf chemical composition. Yields
were higher from plots treated with waste and
inorganic fertilizer compared to the check
plot. Corn yields Increased with increasing
rates of waste application up to the 90-metrlc
tons/ha rate, then leveled off. Nitrogen, P,
and K concentrations In corn ear leaf tissue
increased with increasing waste applications.
(Sutton-Purdue University)
5172-E3, Fl
SWINE WASTES AS A NUTRIENT
SOURCE IN GROWING-FINISH-
ING SWINE RATIONS
Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station,
College of Tropical Agriculture, University of
Hawaii
W.I. Hugh, C.C. Brooks, O.K. Oshiro, and
W.Y. Toma
Research Report 186, Hawaii Agricultural
Experiment Station, April, 1978, 8 p. 4 tab., 7
ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Refeeding, Swine,
Performance, Economics
Swine solid wastes were evaluated as a
nutrient source in the rations of finishing
swine Results indicated no performance
advantage or feed cost saving from the
inclusion of swine waste solids in finishing
rations, nor was any benefit observed by the
incorporation of a fermentation-producing
agent. (Hugh-University of Hawaii)
S173-A8, B3, C2, E2
CROP RESPONSE AND QUALITY
OF SOIL LEACHATE AS AFFECT-
ED BY LAND APPLICATION OF
BEEF CATTLE WASTE
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
F. Haghiri, R.H. Miller, and T.J. Logan
Journal of Environmental Quality, V. 7, No. 3,
p. 406-412, July-Sept., 1978. 8 fig., 7 tab., 21
ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Crop response, Nitrates, Organic carbon
A single application of beef cattle manure
rates of 0,49,158, and 316 dry metric tons/ha
to field lysimeters containing three different
soil types was made Corn (Zea mays L.)
yields for the first and second years reached
the maximum at the 158-metric tons/ha
manure rate, while in fourth year the highest
yield was obtained at the 316-metric tons/ha
rate. With the exception of first cropping
years, at the 49-metric ton rate yields of dry
matter produced were i the control which
received fertilizer annually. Corn yields for all
years and from all manure treatments were
significantly higher for the Wooster (Type
Fragiudalf) soil compared with Celina (Aquic
Hapludalf) and Hoytville (Mollic Ochraqualf)
soils. Nltrate-N concentration in the leachaie
increased with increasing load of applied
manure and decreased with time after
application. More NOJ N was leached from
the manure-amended Wooster soil than from
the other two soils over a 4-year period The
decomposition of manure was higher in the
Celina and Wooster Soils than in the Hoytville
soil. The application of beef cattle manure to
soils did not Influence the incidence of
soil-borne plant pathogens. The results of this
study indicate that annual application of beef
cattle manure to soils at 50 dry metric tons/ha
is far more desirable than sjnqle application of
high loading rates for 2-to 3-year periods from
the standpoint of maximizing plant nutrient
use and water quality. (Haghlri-Ohlo Agricul-
tural Research and Development Center)
5174-A7, A12, El, C2
AMMONIA AFFECTS
HEALTH
SWINE
Anonymous
Hog Farm Management, V. 15, No. 9, p. 17,
Sept., 1978.
Keywords: Ammonia, Swine, Animal health,
Air pollution
University of Illinois researchers S.E. Curtis,
J.G. Drummond, and J. Simon conducted
studies which established the following facts
about atmospheric ammonia In the pig's
environment: (1) At 50 or 75 ppm, ammonia
hinders the young pig's ability to clear
bacteria from its lungs. (2) Somewhere
between 75 and 100 ppm ammonia depresses
the rate of gain. (3) At 100 ppm, ammonia
increases the effects of the early stages of
ascarid infection. (Merryman-East Central)
S17S-A4, A8, B5, C2, E2
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRI-
CULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL
AND MICROBIOLOGICAL IMPLI-
CATIONS (VOLUME I, CHEMI-
CAL IMPLICATIONS)
Soil and Crop Science Department, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas
77843
L.R. Hossner, Chun-Wei Kao, R.W. Weaver,
adn J.A. Waggoner
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-131a, June, 1978, 118 p. 22
fig., 37 tab., 79 ref.
Keywords: Sewage, Effluents, Irrigation,
Land application, Farmland, Soil-water-plant
relationships, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Heavy
metals, Soil contamination, Water pollution
The city of San Angelo, Texas, has used
sewage effluent which has undergone primary
treatment for irrigation of the same
259-hectare sewage farm since 1958. The
impact of 18 years of sewage effluent
irrigation on the soil and water quality was
studied from 1975 to 1977. The volume of
sewage arriving at the sewage treatment plant
ranged from 0.219 to 0.351 rr?/sec. and
contributed from 3 4 to 31.2% of the total flow
of the bordering Concho River in 1976. The
fate of applied nitrogen, phosphorus, and
selected heavy metals in the soil-water-plant
ecosystem were examined. There was
evidence of some NO^ -N accumulation in the
soil profile and in the Concho River while no
accumulation of NHu^-N was found In the soil
profiles. Some organic nitrogen accumulated
at the soil surface, but after 18 years of
operation there was a net loss of total nitrogen
in the soil profile Phosphorus accumulated in
the soil profile depths of 200 cm along with a
slight build-up of certain heavy metals in the
surface soils. Deep wells appeared to be
uncontaminated by the sewage farm opera-
tion. (Hossner-Texas A&M University)
5176-A8, All, A12, B5, C2, E2
SEWAGE DISPOSAL ON AGRI-
CULTURAL SOILS: CHEMICAL
AND MICROBIOLOGICAL IMPLI-
CATIONS (VOLUME H, MICRO-
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS)
Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas
77843
R.W. Weaver, N.O. Dronen, B.G. Foster,
F.C. Heck, and R.C. Fehrmann
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-131b, June, 1978, 93 p. 19 fig.,
36 tab., 89 ref.
Keywords: Sewage, Effluents, Land applica-
tion, Irrigation, Pastures, Cropland, Public
health, Animal health, Parasites, Bacteria,
Viruses, Cattle, Salmonella, Soil microbiology
The city of San Angelo, Texas, has been using
agricultural land for decades as a means of
disposing of all of its municipal sewage after
primary treatment. Water applications have
been high enough to satisfy crop requirements
for a 600 ha farm even though the farm
consists of only 259 ha. The farm routinely
supports about 500 cattle on its pastures and
produces both row and hay crops. Land
application of sewage has public health
implications, and this study was conducted to
evaluate these concerns. This was accom-
plished by monitoring the soils and waters on
the farm to determine the incidence of
Salmonella and parasites. Salmonella was
isolated from various locations on the farm but
the frequency of isolation was not unusually
high. Possible human parasites were not
found in any effluent but were present in the
sludge in holding lagoons. The parasite
population in cattle on the farm did not
increase during the months the cattle were
monitored. There was an unusually high
population of animal parasites in the soils as
compared to off-farm control soils. This is
thought to be due to the higher animal
density, the vegetative cover, and relatively
moist soil conditions on the farm. Column
studies using soil from the farm indicated
viruses could be leached through the soils.
Their potential health hazard could not be
determined due to insensitive detection
techniques. (Weaver, Texas A&M University)
5177-B1, C2, E2
MANURE IS AN INCREASINGLY
ECONOMICAL FERTILIZES
SOURCE
Department of Land Resource Science,
Ontario Agricultural College, University of
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
E. Beauchamp
Crops and Soils Magazine, V. 30, No.2, p. 23,
Nov., 1977.
Keywords: Animal wastes, Land application,
Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Micronutrients
216
-------
Manure is an economic source of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, as well as
mlcronutrients for crop production. Manure
composition varies substantially depending on
kind and age of livestock, kind of feed, and
management of the manure.A problem en-
countered with use of manure Is loss of
nutrients. Loss of part of the liquid fraction
could significantly reduce manure fertilizer
value. Almost half the nitrogen, all the
phosphate, and two-fifths the potash are
contained in the solid fraction of fresh
manure. Significant losses of nitrogen due to
ammonia volatilization Into the atmosphere
can occur, particularly after field application
and before incorporation Into the soli. Rapid
incorporation of manure Into the soil
conserves the ammonia. Time of application
determines the fertilizer value of manure. The
value of liquid manure placed on the soil
surface or injected between corn rows as a
sldedressing is currently being investigated
since the value of phosphate in manure
applied as a sidedressing Is much reduced.
Injection of liquid manure should place It
closer to the roots and reduce ammonia loss
and odor problems. (Stiles-East Central)
5178-A3, A4, Bl, C2, C3, E2
NONPOINT SOURCES: STATE-
OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW
Extension Agricultural Engfrieer, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas
J.M. Sweeten and D.L. Reddell
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 3, p.
474-483, May-June, 1978. 3 fig., 2 tab., 72ref.
Keywords'. Nonpolnt sources, Water pollu-
tion, Pastures, Rangeland, Sediment, Pesti-
cides, Animal wastes, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium,Fecal coliforms, Agricultural run-
off, Land application
During the past few years, the term nonpoint
pollution source has become exceedingly
important to agriculture. In 1972, Federal
legislation (Public Law 92-500) was passed
bringing many forms of agriculturally related
nonpoint pollution under regulatory authority.
Section 208 of Public Law 92-500 created a
cooperative local/state/Federal system for
areawide water quality planning. Nonpoint
pollution sources are a major concern to these
208 planners. During the past, both basic and
applied research have been conducted on such
classical soil and water conservation topics as
erosion control, sediment transport, soil
chemistry and physics, crop production, range
management, agricultural chemicals, animal
science, and forestry. The challenge today is
to locate, Interpret, and compile this past
knowledge into forms useful for Section 208
planners. This paper reviews the current
knowledge concerning the occurrence of
nonpoint pollution sources such as sediment,
nutrients, pesticides, and fecal contaminants.
Sediment transport equations are reviewed
and described and the pollution potential of
range and pasture livestock production is
discussed. (Sweeten-Texas A&M)
5179-B5, C2, E2
SLUDGE DISPOSAL STRATEGY:
PROCESSES AND COSTS
Water Research Centre, Stevenage Labora-
tory
M.J. Burley and R.W. Bayley
Water Pollution Control, V. 76, No. 2, p.
205-221, 1977. 6 fig., 8 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Sewage, Sludge, Land.application,
Cropland, Pastures, Transport, Heavy metals,
Pathogenic bacteria, Economics
The limitations and constraints which can be
expected to influence the utilization of sewage
sludge on farmland are outlined and a method
for selecting an appropriate type of sludge
treatment is described. Whereas the use of
untreated, raw sewage sludge Is not generally
acceptable, it Is noted that the practice has
been used for years In some places without
any apparent III effect. The observance of
fairly simple safeguards combined with
compliance with existing advisory guidelines
ensures that any risks associated with the
utilization of sewage sludge on farmland are
kept acceptably low. It would be desirable, to
Identify more clearly some of the specific risks
associated with the transfer of certain
pathogens from sludge to farm animals.
Capital and operating costs for a variety of
sludge treatment and dewaterlng processes
have been collected, and when combined with
current costs for transportation, show that
treatment in lagoons with subsequent decant-
ing could result In substantial savings even
over transportation of whole untreated sludge
to farmland. Further Inquiry into the
operation and design of treatment lagoons is
suggested. (Solid Wastes Information Retrie-
val System)
5180-B1
PARASITES OF HAEMATOBIA
IRWTANS AND OTHER FLIES
BREEDING IN BOVINE FECES IN
NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI
Department of Entomoloav. Mississippi
Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station,
Mississippi State University, Mississippi
State, Mississippi 39762
K.J. Watts and R.L. Combs, Jr.
Environmental Entomology, V. 6, No. 6, p.
823-826, Dec., 1977. 1 fig., 3 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Fly control, Parasites, Cattle
wastes
Six hymenopterous parasites were reared
from Haematob/a irritans(L.) pupae; (Family:
Pteromalidae): Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis,
Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra
Latr., Spalangia haematobiae Ash., Spalangia
end/us Walker, and (Family: Cynidae):
Pseudeucoi/a sp. The predominant parasites
of H. irritans were S. nigroaenea and S.
cameroni. These parasites, along with
immatures which did not emerge, accounted
for 81% of the parasitism in 1972 and 85%
1973. Parasite activity was highest In Aug.
and Oct. of 1972, with a peak of 24% occurring
in July, Oct., and Nov. of 1973. Parasites were
recovered from Rav/n/a derelicta (Walker)
pupae; (Family: Sarcophagidae) and 2
Spilogona spp pupae (Family: Muscldae).
(Watts-Mississippi State University)
5181-32, C2, D3, E3
THERMOPHILIC FERMENTA-
TION OF PIG FAECES AND
STRAW BY ACTINOMYCETES
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE 1 7 RU, England
M.J. Ginnivan, J.L. Woods and J.R.
O'Callaghan
Journal of Applied Bacteriology, V. 43, p.
231-238, 1977. 3 fig., 2 tab., 21 ref.
Keywords: Waste treatment, Fermentation,
Swine wastes, Refeeding, Thermophilic,
Hydrolysis, Actlnomycetes
An Investigation was conducted to investigate
the ability of certain actlnomycetes (Thermo-
monospora fusca, "Khermomonospora curvata
and Pseudonorcard/a tharmophila) to grow on
and hydrolyse pig feces and straw. It was
found that a substantial fraction of the
cellulosic material in pig feces was available to
the actlnomycetes investigated. T. fusca was
the most effective of the three strains in
utilizing this form of cellulose. Pretreatment
of grass straw and barley straw with 5% (w/v)
NaOH was necessary In order to raise the
amount of cellulose available to 7". fusca and
P. thermophila to the levels available in pig
feces. The cellulose activities of the bacteria
were not particularly sensitive to pH changes
near their respective optimum values. The
tolerance to the cellulose activity to changing
pH was greater on the basic side of these
optima. This may have some advantage for
NaOH pretreatment. The levels of digestible
protein produced suggest that the waste
cellulose in pig feces might be recovered by
thermophilic treatment prior to re-feeding.
Further work on thermophilic fermentation of
pig feces and NaOH-treated straw should be
done, particularly concerning pathogen
survival, thermogenesis and the nutritive
value of the product. (Glnnivan-Unlversity of
Newcastle upon Tyne)
5182-A8, B3, B5, Cl, C2, C3, E2
SOME PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL,
AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
HEAVY POULTRY MANURE AP-
PLICATIONS ON A SOIL ECO-
SYSTEM
R.R. Weil
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Agronomy,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, May, 1977, 203 p. 30 fig., 33 tab.,
197 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Land application,
Soil properties, Soil-water-plant relationships,
Arthropods, Fauna, Infiltration, Salts, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Crop response
Research was conducted to study how
repeated heavy applications of poultry manure
influence the soil system with respect to: (1)
changes in physical soil properties including
bulk density, moisture retention and Infiltra-
tion, temperature, and aggregation. (2)
chemical effects on soil pH, organic matter,
salinity, Inorganic N forms and soil test
values, (3) the biolqgical activity of the soil In
the processes of crop growth and organic
matter decomposition, (4) changes In the
abundance and diversity of soil arthropods,
and (5) some of the Interrelationships among
the above factors. Poultry manure was applied
to a Davidson clay loam at rates of 27, 54, 85,
and 110 metric tons of dry matter per hectare.
Two sets of controls were I ncluded, one with N
and K fertilizer and one without. The plow
layer of the most heavily manured plots was
nearly twice as moist as the control plots in
spring. An extremely porous structure was
formed in the upper 8 cm of the manured soil.
This resulted from faunal activity (primarily
earthworms) and developed gradually during
early summer. Despite the more porous
surface structure, water infiltration was
temporarily reduced In spring and summer by
21?
-------
the organic layer created when the fall manure
application was plowed under. Where spring.
and summer runoff would pose a problem,
large quantities of poultry manure should be
Incorporated by some method which does not
Invert the furrow slice as does moldboard
plowing. Once the water-repellancy of this
layer diminished, the rate of Infiltration was
much greater on the manured plots. Probably
the most Important chemical effect of the
manure were (he. hlghjsalt and N concentra-
tion^, and the apparent mobilization of P. Botn
fertilized and unfertilized controls yielded
over 120 quintals/ha of corn and there was no
response to N or K after 5 years without
fertilization with these elements. Maize yields
were adversely affected by all but the lowest
rate of poultry manure and even the latter
gave a statistically non-slgnlflcant yield
reduction. Biological activity was certainly
altered by the poultry manure treatments,
but no consistent pattern emerged from the
data collected. Manure affected the arthropod
communities In two ways - by Imposing its
own numerically very large fauna (mostly
Ascarldae and Macrochelldae) on the soil
community and by providing moist conditions
and a vast quantity of organic substrate
utllizable directly and Indirectly by the
Indigenous soil fauna. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5183-B1, C2, C3
SPECIFIC! COMPOSITION1 OF
REPRESENTATIVE FEEDLOT
WASTES* A CHEMICAL AND
MICROBIAL PROFILE
Northern Regional Research Center, Agricul-
tural Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 1815 N. University, Peoria,
Illinois 61604
G.R. Hrubant, R.A. Rhodes, and J.H.
Sloneker
Science and Education Administration Report
SEA-NC-59, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Feb., 1978, 94 p. 30 tab., 46 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Swine wastes,
Feedlots, Waste composition, Trace elements,
Chemical properties, Heavy metals, Microor-
ganisms, Salmonella, Yeasts, Fungi, Strepto-
mycetes, Aerobes, Biochemical properties
Seven cattle and two hog feedlots were
selected as sampling sites from the major
cattle producing states of the Midwest and
Southwest. Cattle feedlots ranged from 1,500
to 100,000 head per feedlot. In addition, the
microbiology of waste, runoff, and associated
sites of an eighth cattle feedlot were examined
in greater detail. Samples were collected from
the feedlots with a clean spade. Each sample,
approximately 5 Ib. wet weight, was a
representative composite of five samples
from a selected pen on each feedlot. Where
possible, the same pens were sampled for all
four collections (sampling times). The fourth
collection for Feedlot H was from a nearby
feedlot because Feedlot H ceased operation.
Chemical and mlcroblal analyses were
performed on all samples. Study results are
given. It is hoped that this publication may
contribute to the need for more detailed
information on the qualitative and quantita-
tive presence of specific classes of organic
compounds and Inorganic constituents In
feedlot wastes. (Merryman-East Central)
5184-B2, Dl, E3
EQUIPMENT AND
METHODS
FOR THE SOLID/LIQUID SEPAR-
ATION OF SLURRIES
National Institute of Agricultural Engineering
R.Q. Hepherd and J.C. Douglas
The Agricultural Engineer, V. 28, No. 2, p.
77-83, Summer, 1973. 1 fig., 1 tab., 3 ref.
Keywords: Slurries, Separation techniques,
Equipment-separators, Swine wastes, Poultry
wastes, Dairy wastes, Sludge, Recycling
The performance of commercially-available
and experimental processes or mechanisms
for separating coarse solids from slurries from
pigs, poultry, and dairy cows Is assessed. The
major requirements for a separator are: ja)
reliability and general robustness, (b) simpli-
city In detail design to reduce maintenance,
and the Incidence of mechanical failure, (c)
versatility to cover a wide range of farm
slurries and farm conditions, and (d) adequate
output — the ability to deal with the slurry
output from 150-200 cows in an eight-hour day
is probably the minimum future requirement
for general farm use. Separation processes are
probably a key to the development of
successful slurry handling and disposal
alternatives. The products of separation are
far easier to handle than slurries and the
coarse solids in particular may have some
commercial value off the farm. Small-scale
trials suggest that it may be possible to store
the liquids from separated cattle slurries for
long periods and then pump or tanker them to
land with difficulty. Biological treatment
systems either for odor control or for control of
water pollution are likely to become more
simple in basic design and much more
trouble-free in operation If they Include
a separation stage to remove coarse solids.
Mechanical separation is likely to be the most
reliable method under farm conditions,
because of the variable results and difficulties
often experienced when gravity separation of
slurries is attempted. The sludges are likely
in many cases to form the greater part of the
output from farm slurry treatment systems,
and therefore separation processes aimed at
reducing their volume or turning them Into
handleable solids, or possibly even converting
them for re-use as fertilizer or feed
supplements will have to be considered for
those situations where the aim of a treatment
process is to solve the disposal problems of
livestock units with little or no land on which
to dispose of wastes. The efficient separation
of the liquid fraction from the solids in the
sludges from treatment systems is difficult
with types of separators presently being used
to remove coarse solids. Although it is
technically possible to achieve good separa-
tion with simple equipment (eg. dosing with
flocculants followed by draining the sludge in
a bale tank), these techniques presently have
disadvantages for farm use. (Merryman-East
Central)
5185-A11, C2, E3
POULTRY MANURE AS FEED
Anonymous
Animal Nutrition and Health, V. 33, No. 6, p.
10, Aug.-Sept., 1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Poultry wastes, Swine,
Performance, Nitrogen, Toxicity
University of Georgia College of Agriculture
Experiment Station reseachers have found
that within certain limits, poultry manure may
be added to grain for a suitable swine feed.
However, the percentage must be carefully
controlled because the waste contains a
non-protein nitrogen which cannot be broken
down in the swine digestive system and too
much can become toxic to the animal. It was
found that the manure mixture measured on a
wet basis resulted in reduced performance In
terms of growth rate on a dry basis the
conversion of body weight was as good as feed
without manure. (Merryman-East Central)
S186-A6, A7
MODEL STUDY OF FIVE TYPES
OF MANURE PIT VENTILATION
SYSTEMS
University of Nebraska Experiment Station,
Concord, Nebraska
S.H. Pohl and M.A. Hellickson
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No.3, p.
542-549, May-June, 1978. 9fig., Stab., 14 ref.
Keywords: Ventilation, Swine wastes, Ma-
nure pit, Design, Odor, Air pollution
Employing scale model of five pit ventilation
systems and the principles of similitude and
dimensional analysis, a study was initiated to
determine the influence of manure pit
ventilation system geometry on air removal
from a swine building and to evaluate the
effects of pit ventilation system geometry on
swine building ventilation characteristics. It
was determined that pit ventilation system
design has a significant effect on average air
flow velocities in the pit, with the pressurized
pit ventilator system consistently generating
lower velocities in the pit than those
generated by the other four systems studied.
The significant differences noted In velocity
means Indicate a need for considering the
placement of the baffled ceiling inlet, with
respect to ventilation system location, if
proper ventilation characteristics are to be
obtained. Air velocity distribution was
relatively uniform at pit and swine levels for
the slotted pipe underslat ventilator, the
centered duct pit ventilator, and pressurized
pit ventilator system, used with the center-
baffled ceiling inlets. However, non-uniform
air flows were noted for the outside wall pit
ventilator and hooded manure pit exhaust
system. Air flow patterns were adequate at
both levels for the centered duct pit ventilator,
pressurized ventilator system, and the outside
wall pit ventilator; and inadequate for the
slatted pipe under-slat ventilator and hooded
manure pit exhaust system. Ventilation
system design significantly affected the time
required to produce an air change in the
model. The composite results of the data
obtained from air flow velocities and patterns
and evacuation times indicate that the pres-
surized ventilator system and the centered
duct pit ventilator provided the best ventila-
tion characteristics in the model, with the
slotted pipe underslat ventilator producing the
poorest ventilation characteristics. (Stiles"-
5187-B5, C2, D3, E2
USES OF ORGANIC RESIDUES
AT NEBRASKA EXPERIMENT
STATIONS
Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station,
Lincoln, Nebraska
W.W. Sahs
Compost Science, V. 19, No. 3, p. 21-22
May-June, 1978.3 tab.
218
-------
Keywords: Organic wastes, Land application,
Crop response, Animal wastes, Paunch ma-
nure, Composting, Sewage
The Nebraska Experiment Station has conduc-
ted a number of studies utilizing organic
residues and fertilizers as nutrients for crops.
Areas of emphasis have been as follows:
1912-1937 barnyard manure; 1935-1955
legumes in crop rotations, barnyard manure;
1955-1970 • commercial fertilizers solid,
anhydrous, liquid; 1970-1975 - liquid animal
wastes, feedlot manure, efficiencies of com-
mercial fertilizer; 1975-1978 - legumes In croo
rotations, paunch manure [(composted, feed-
lot manure (composted)], efficiencies of com-
mercial fertilizer; and '1978 present -
continuation of legumes In crop rotations with
manure, composted paunch and feedlot
manure, efficiencies of commercial fertilizer,
and composted sewage sludge. Study results
are discussed. Field trials have indicated that
the best measure of the value of composted
materials is to ascertain nutrient content anrl
use it as a guideline for cropland application.
Some or all of the cost of composting and
transport will have to be borne by those who
create the product, whether it be the city,
county, feedlot operator or meat packer'
(Merryman-East Central)
5188-B5, C2, E2, F4
ESTIMATING U.S. LIVESTOCK
AND POULTRY MANURE AND
NUTRIENT PRODUCTION
Commodity Economics Division, Economics,
Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
20250
D.L Van Dyne and C.B. Gilbertson
Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Ser-
vice Report ESCS-12, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, March, 1978, 145 p. 8 tab., 10
ref.
Keywords: Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Land application, Waste composition, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Trace minerals, Potassium,
Cropland, Pastureland
Estimates are developed for total manure,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium pro-
duced by and available from livestock and
poultry in the United States in 1974. Also
included are estimates of the amount retained
after losses from storage and waste handling
systems, and estimates of the amounts which
could be economically recovered for use
elsewhere. A ratio of total manure production
to acres of cropland and pastureland is
developed to provide an indication of animal
manure concentration on a county-to-county
basis in the United States. (Van Dyne-USDA)
5189-B2, 33, C2, D3, E3
FEEDLOT MANURE KEEPS
HOME FIRES BURNING
Anonymous
Furrow, p. 30-31, Sept.-Oct., 1978. 3 fig.
Keywords: Recycling, Thermonetics, Meth-
ane, Refeeding, Fertilizers, Irrigation
Last fall a plant for methane production was
built by Calorific Recovery Anaerobic Process,
Inc. (a subsidiary of Thermonetics, Inc.) near
Guymon, Oklahoma. By March, 1978, the
facility was processing 200-300 tons of manure'
a day Into methane. The process is based on a
carefully controlled, oxygen-free environment
in which microbes digest manure, releasing
methane and other gases. Gas-scrubbing
equipment removes such Impurities as carbon
dioxide and hydrogen sulflde. The methane is
used In the plant, primarily to heat water for
the slurry. The rest is sold to Natural Gas
Pipeline Company of America. A by-product
of the process Is a relatively high-protein
roughage the firm calls "Calfeed." Two of the
feedlots that supply the plant with manure
buy most of the Calfeed for refeedlng
purposes, but some of the product goes to
several worm farmers who have discovered its
value for bedding and feed. Another by-pro-
duct being recovered Is the reactor effluent.
The effluent is 15-20% crude protein. The
plant has been collecting the bacteria from
this effluent with a huge centrifuge and has
been adding the centrifuge cake to Calfeed
experimentally. The remaining effluent has
been applied through irrigation water and
tested as ferti I izer on a quarter section planted
to grain sorghum and wheat. It is felt that the
liquid fertilizer should eventually become a
profitable additional enterprise for Calorific.
Thermonetics has already started or is about
to begin building three plants in Texas, and
expects to have other plants under way in
southern California within a year. Similar
plants are being installed in other places.
Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station
has been experimenting with a 10,000-gallon
anaerobic digester on the Verio Larson farm
near St. Paul. The digester processes swinj
manure into gas which is used for h?ating and
cooking and to power an electric generator.
The system produces about 80% of the farm's
total energy needs in the summer and about
50% in the winter. (Stiles-East Central)
5190-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
METHANE FROM WASTE
J. Dawson
Confinement, V. 3, No. 7, p. 20-21, July-Aug.,
1978.
Keywords: Methane, Recycling, Refeeding,
Economics
Two years ago a research team funded by the
Four Corners Regional Commission began a
detailed feasibility report concerning the
establishment of a utility-sized bio-conversion
plant. Such a plant could furnish enough
methane to generate about 1/3 of Lamar,
Colorado's electrical needs. Digester residue,
which will come out of the centrifuges at about
65% moisture, will be piled outside and
sun-dried to about 40%. Because cattle
feeders are concerned with palatability and
ease of handling, they want the product to be
only 12-15% moisture. This is a problem
which is being worked on. In the meantime,
feeding experiments are being conducted in
which the wastes are being refed at 40%
moisture content. These experiments are in
progress and the outcome is not known. If
successful, the feeding value of the residue is
estimated at between $94 and $121 per ton
when its closest competitor, cottonseed meal
is selling at $150 to $200 per ton. Unless some
very serious drawbacks come to light as it hits
the marketplace, digester residue should be a
factor in keeping the current feedlot capacity
of 80,000 head at an 80% occupancy and
possibly expanding It. Any residue not sold as
feed will ao as fertilizer at $2 oer ton. In
September of this year, the plant will go Into
the final design and construction stage, which
will take 30 months. Then there will be a
6-month start-up period. Three years from
now, there will be gas. (Stiles-East Central)
5191-A6, AW, B3, Cl, Dl
AIR DRYING POULTRY MANURE
Department of Poultry Science, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsyl-
vania
G.O. Bressler and E.L. Bergman
International Poultry Industries Exposition,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 26,1970, 28 p. 6 fig., 24
tab.
Keywords: Dehydration, Poultry wastes, Fly
control, Odor control, Moisture content
In 1963, Pennsylvania State University
researchers began research that had the
following objectives: (1) to remove as much
moisture as possible from the poultry manure
inside the poultry house in order to lessen the
weight and volume of material to be handled;
(2) to eliminate odors and flies; and (3) to
develop an automatic system of manure
handling to eliminate manual labor. A drying
system was developed in which manure
was dried from 75-80% moisture to about 30%
before leaving the poultry house, which
reduced manure weight to less than Vi the
original amounl produced. Offensive odors
and flies were eliminated. The operation was
automatic, with the end product being a fine,
powdery product with no offensive odor, able
to be stored in a bulk bin, ready for packaging
or bulk distribution as a fertilizer, if so
desired. All this was accomplished by
applying simple drying techniques, blowing
air across the droppings at high velocity and
frequent stirring of the manure on the
concrete floor, Stage One; and final drying in
a heater-drver, Stage Two. The dryinq method
was developed as an integral part of the
sloping wire floor egg production system, but
the method can also be applied to cage
systems. (Merryman-East Central)
S192-B2, C2, Dl, D3, E3, Fl
AN ALGAL REGENERATIVE
SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-FAMILY
FARMS AND VILLAGES
Research biologist and lecturer, Sanitary
Engineering Research Laboratory, University
of California, Berkeley, California
C.G. Goluekeand W.J. Oswald
Compost Science, V. 14, No. 3, p. 12-18
May-June, 1973. 2 fig.
Keywords: Recycling, Animal wastes, Anaer-
obic, Digesters, Design, Algae, Methane,
Fertilizers, Sedimentation, Economics
A description of a self-contained algal
regenerative system is given. The principal
components of the system are an anaerobic
digester, a series of algal growth chambers, a
sedimentation chamber, sand beds, a solar
still, and a gas exchanger. Since it is
combined with a residence needing gas for
cooking, the anaerobic digester is covered to
permu combustible gas to accumulate under
the cover at a pressure sufficiently above
219
-------
atmospheric to force the gas from the collector
to the stove. Excess gas, which Is 55-65%
methane, is conveyed from the gas dome
through conduits Into the residence where It
is used for household purposes. Periodically,
digested solids are taken from the digester for
use as soil conditioner or fertilizer for growing
vegetables. Advantages of this system are: (1)
the provision of a highly livable system for its
occupants; (2) the establishment of an
efficient and hygienic waste management;
and (3) the recovery of valuable nutrients from
wastes. A major disadvantage is the need for a
rather substantial capital investment. A
preliminary economic analysis indicates that
gross income of between $250 and $1,000 per
year could be realized with this system.
Operation cost are estimated to range from
$50 to $100 per year. (Merryman-East
Central)
5193-A4, Bl, E2
KEEPING DAIRY WASTE UNDER
CONTROL
A. Schuhart
Soil Conservation, V. 43, No. 2, p. 15-19,
Sept., 1977. 8 fig.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Waste disposal,
Water pollution, Design, Legal aspects, Land
application
Californlans have worked together to keep
animal wastes from polluting San Francisco
Bay, Tomalas Bay, and the Pacific Ocean. The
prime animal waste culprit has been dairy
wastes from Marin and Sonoma Counties.
Regional water quality boards set tight
deadlines for meeting water quality require-
ments: September, 1976 for dairies draining
into Tomalas Bay and September, 1978 for
other dairies in the Bay Area and North Coast
Regions. Dairy waste committees under
direction of the Farm Bureau and working
closely with the Cooperative Extension
Service Farm Advisors for Marin and Sonoma
Counties requested special help in meeting
the requirements from the Soil Conservation
Service and the 5 resource conservation
districts in the counties. Through the
Intergovernmental Personnel Act, (IPA)
Marin County in 1973 hired an SCS agricultur-
al engineer to design waste disposal systems
for dairies and help farmers plan management
of the systems. Marin County further decided
to pay 25% of the cost of the systems in 5
equal annual installments. The next year,
Sonoma County hired an SCS engineer and a
technician through IPA agreements to help
dairy farmers. In spite of lack of water and
increased expenses, more than 80% of the
dairies in Marin County and 90% of the
dairies in Sonoma County have completed
waste disposal systems or are working toward
compliance with the water quality standards.
Pollution from dairies soon will be stopped by
the cooperative effort. Designing and
managing self-contained systems has been
tough because many of the dairies are on
hillsides along creeks that flow into urban
areas. Descriptions of a number of the
management plans which have been imple-
mented are given. (Merryman-East Central)
5194-A4, A6, A7, Bl, B4, Cl, C2,
D3, E2, F2
MANAGING HORSE MANURE
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PRO-
TECTION
Extension Agricultural Engineer, Animal
Waste Management, Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas
J.M. Sweeten
Unpublished paper, Aug., 1978, 12 p. 1 fig., 4
tab.
Keywords: Water pollution, Air pollution,
Legal aspects, Horse wastes, Waste composi-
tion, Land application, Waste storage,
Composting, Odor control, Nitrogen, Phos-
phorus, Potassium
Horses raised for pleasure and breeding
purposes have not caused significant water or
air pollution problems. Four reasons for this
are: (1) The scale of horse operations is smal I,
relative to other types of livestock feeding
operations. (2) Horse farms typically have a
large land-to-livestock ratio, relative to other
types of livestock and poultry. (3) Horse
owners have historically been willing to
devote more labor to waste management than
owners of other animal species. (4) Horse
manure is low in moisture content. Horse
manure averages 79 percent on a wet weight
basis (feces an urine combined). Despite the
fact that problems are relatively rare, the
horse industry is subject to the same air and
water pollution control regulations to which
other segments of the livestock and poultry
industry are subject. Consequently, amount
and characteristics of horse manure should be
considered. Animal manures vary widely In
amount and composition. Horses produce
manure (feces and urine) at the average rate
of 45 lbs/day/1000 Ibs. liveweight. The feces
fractjon accounts for 80 percent of the
wet manure, 92% of the solids, 65% of the
nitrogen, 100% of the phosphorus, and 42%
of the potassium. Amount and characteristics
of manure produced depends in part on ration
digestibility and animal age. Factors influenc-
ing cost and efficiency of manure collection
include type and size of equipment, operator
skill and technique, pen size, slope, presence
of obstacles, (stall partitions, troughs, etc.),
manure moisture content and operator
fatigue. Conventional solid waste handling
methods, rather than liquid manure systems,
probably will continue to be used widely in the
horse industry for these reasons: (1) high
initial solids content of horse manure, (2)
liberal space allotment per animal, (3)
attention to animal comfort, including floors
that are conducive to sound feet and legs; and
(4) limited size of most horse operations. Land
application is an environmentally acceptable
and widely used method of manure disposal.
No specific research on land disposal of horse
manure appears to have been done.
Nevertheless, best utilization of horse manure
can only be done if a soil test is performed for
soil-plant nitrogen requirements and the
horse manure is tested for nitrogen content.
(Merryman-East Central)
5195-B2, D3, E3
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
FLUCTUATIONS DURING AN-
AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE
MANURE
USDA, SEA, Bioenglneering Research Unit,
Building T-12, University of Missouri, Colum-
bia, Missouri 65211
J.R. Fischer, E.L. lannotti, and D.M. Sievers
Paper No. 78-4011, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
11 p. 8 fig., 1 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Anaerobic, Digesters, Design,
Diets, Swine wastes, Gas production,
Lincomycln
A .42 m3 digester was operated for one year
with various operational problems. Changing
the swine ration from predominantly corn to
wheat resulted in lower gas production. The
antibiotic lincomycln appears to be detrimen-
tal to digester bacteria. Using large organic
loading rates during a startup period can lead
to digester upset with a resulting decrease In
gas production and excessive foaming. Gas
production is a good indicator of daily digester
performance. But, other information such as
TS in effluent indicate digester long-term
stability. (Fischer-USDA)
5196-B2, D3, E3, Fl
METHANE FROM
FACT OF FANTASY
MANURE:
Extension Agricultural Engineer, Animal
Waste Management, Texas Agricultural
Extension Service, Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas
J.M. Sweeten
Unpublished paper, May 2,1978, 10 p. 1 tab.
Keywords: Methane, Anaerobic digestion,
Recycling, Livestock wastes, Poultry wastes,
Economics
Production of methane from manure is
becoming a present-day reality. Unfortunate-
ly, farm-sized units are not yet commercially
available. Methane production from livestock
and poultry manure is not a do-it-yourself
undertaking. It appears that methane
production must be integrated with the
reclamation a/id sale of feedstuffs and
fertilizer to achieve economic feasibility.
Large-scale methane systems appear much
more feasible than farm-sized units because of
lower unit costs, higher process control, and
100% usage of the methane gas and
by-products produced. Mechanical aspects of
manure handling (grinding, mixing, screen-
ing, pumping, etc.) and general plumbing
problems (gas leakage, corrosion, etc.) have
been the major sources of problems In
methane production, rather than the chemi-
cal/bio-chemical processes. These problems
could be overcome by adequate financing and
competent engineering design. It Is believed
that a multi-disciplinary team of qualified
engineers and scientists can design a high-eff-
iciency methane production system with
presently available knowledge. The large
number of research and demonstration
projects currently underway will hopefully
provide breakthroughs in methane production
technology that will assure economic feasibili-
ty for both commercial and farm-sized
systems. (Sweeten-Texas A&M)
5197-A6, A7, Dl, E3
PARTICIPATE AND ODOR CON-
TROL IN THE ORGANIC FERTILI-
ZER INDUSTRY: A CASE
HISTORY
Poly Systems, Inc., Ramsey, New Jersey
K. Schlfftner
Chapter 33, Pollution Engineering Technology
(Air Pollution Control Design Handbook) V
2, R. 2, p. 849-853, 1977. 1 fig., 1 tab
220
-------
Keywords: Dehydration, Recycling, Cattle
wastes, Fertilizers, Air pollution, Odor
control, Scrubbing, Adsorption, Chemical
oxidation
The WalKer-Gordon Laboratory In Plainsboro,
New Jersey, formerly the world's largest
certified milk farm but now In a beef-feeding
operation with about 1800 feeder steers, Is
currently drying and processing cow manure
for the fertilizer market under the trade name
Bovung. Walker-Gordon uses a process which
involves the collection of manure which has
been mixed with a bedding material of dried
peanut and coconut shells, drying it in a
rotating dryer, and packaging and selling the
end product. The company processes 9500
Ib/hr of wet manure using this method. A
major problem related to this type of fertilizer
production is air pollution control. Tests
performed on the dryer's product-recovery
cyclone showed that it was performing very
well, but an odor problem existed. Walker-
Gordon purchased a special wet scrubbing
system In 1972 to eliminate the odor problem.
This system contains an adjustable side
damper venturi scrubber, a special disen-
gagement section designed to separate scrub-
bing liquids, and a packed adsorption section
for odor control through chemical oxidation
and adsorption. Stack emission tests were
conducted. The maximum total emission rate
(condensible hydrocarbons plus particulates)
was well within the allowable 30 Ib/hr.
(Merryman-East Central)
5198-A8, B3, C2, Dl, E2
RECOVERY OF 15-N LABELED
FERTILIZER AND PLANT
GROWTH IN MANURE AND
SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL
F. Pomares-Garcia
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Soil
Science, University of California, June,1977,
132-p. 21 fig., 25 tab., 103 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Cattle wastes,
Sewage, Sludge, Crop response, Mineraliza-
tion, Soil Chemistry
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted
with the following objectives: (1) study the
effects of manure and sludge on the recovery
of fertiIizer N, (2) evaluate manure and sludge
as N sources for plant growth in terms of
(NH a,. )j. SO >\. , (3) determine possible
interactions between N fertilizers and organic
amendments when they are applied together,
(4) obtain the mineralization rates of manure
and sludge, (5) obtain the N balance sheet, (6)
study the effect of the rate of N fertilizer on
the nitrogen "A" values, (7) study the effect
of organic wastes on soil chemical properties.
The study was conducted on a sandy loam soil
derived from granitic rock; total N 345 ppm,
NHiJ-N 1.1 ppm, NOj 12.6 ppm, and pH 6.9.
The manure used was obtained from a
commercial cattle feedlot at Chino. It was air
dried and ground to pass through a 3.2 mm
sieve. Sewage sludge fron Hemet containing
relatively low concentrations of heavy metals
was collected, air dried and ground to pass
through a 3.2 mm sieve. Study results are
given. (Merryman-East Central)
5199-B2, C2, C3, D3, E3
FERMENTATION FOR
HANE PRODUCTION
MET-
Microbiology Department, Rowett Research
Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland
P.M. Hobson
Solar Energy in Agriculture, Proceedings
International Conference on Solar Energy, p.
12-14, 1976.
Keywords: Fermentation, Methane, Gas
production, Anaerobic, Digesters, Tempera-
ture, Bacteria, Organic wastes
Human sewage, animal excreta, organic
domestic refuse (except some plastics),
residues from processing of fruit, vegetables
and grains of all kinds and residues from
animal slaughtering and meat processing can
be treated by anaerobic digestion to reduce
pollution, and the gas may be used in the
digestion plant. Different types of anaerobic
digestion plants are possible. The type used
depends on the character of the wastes being
digested. The simplest plant Is the anaerobic
'filter' — an airtight tank filled with stones or
other loosely-packed material, with an upward
flow of liquid. Filters are used for high
flow-rates of low-strength wastes with little
solids. The materials in solution are quickly
degraded by the high concentration of
bacteria, so the size of tank can be
commensurate with a liquid detention time of
a few hours, while average detention time of
the bacteria can be of the order of 10-15 days.
High-solids wastes can rapidly clog the filter.
The anaerobic 'content process' type of
digester has a long detention time for the
bacteria and a short detention time for the
liquid. The bacteria flowing out of the digester
with the treated waste are mechanically
separated from the liquid and returned to the
digester. Contact digesters and anaerobic
filters can treat dilute factory wastes with flow
rates to tens or hundreds of gallons per
minute in a comparatively small ove-all size of
plant. The most common digester is the
stirred-tank digester. It is essentially design-
ed to treat strong wastes of high solids content
where the breakdown of the solids is a slow
process. The wastes and the bacteria are
detained in the digester from 10-90 days, so
much slower liquid flows are required than in
the previously described systems. Ambient
temperature and heat losses are important
factors in the useful gas production of
adigester. Minimizing these by insulation and
siting of digesters, prevention of too much
cooling of wastes after production, and so on,
must be considered in the design of digesters,
especially in temperature climates. Running
at a stable temperature can be just as
important as running at a high temperature.
Overall efficiency of a digester as a gas
producer also depends on the ancillary
equipment. Some stirring of the digester
contents is needed for good contact of bacteria
and substrate and for prevention of surface
caking. (Merryman-East Central)
5200-B1, Cl, C2, Dl, D3, E2
AEROBIC TREATMENT OF
FARM WASTES
Water Research Centre, Stevenage Labora-
tory
H.T. Mann
Water Pollution Control, V. 74, p. 560-570,
1975. 8 fig., 2 tab., 9 ref.
Keywords: Aerobic treatment, Animal
wastes, Settlement, Filtration, Centrifuging,
Land disposal, Suspended solids, Biochemical
oxygen demand
Farm-waste treatment processes are essenti-
ally industrial waste treatment processes. The
wastes vary widely from farm to farm - in the
most acute cases slurries are produced that
may contain more than 100,000 mg/l SS and
3,000 mg/l BOD and effluents must be
discharged to Royal Commission standard.
Aerobic biological processes can play an
important role In an integrated treatment
process. An essential preliminary is the
removal of suspended solids from the waste.
This may be carried out as part of the
husbandry method or by utilizing settlement,
physical filtration on straw or on mechanical
screens, or by centrifuging. Solids removed
vary from thick sludges in settlement process-
es to material containing up to 30% dry matter
from mechanical processes and which can be
stacked wlthour odour nuisance. The liquids
after primary solids removal can vary widely
in BOD concentration; but aerobic treatment
in aerated lagoons, oxidation ditches or
high-rate biological filters can reduce the BOD
by more than 90%. If Royal Commission
standard effluents are required, two-stage
treatment Is advisable, with particular atten-
tion to removal of secondary solids. In
situations where effluents can be discharged
to the land, single-stage treatment may
suffice. Experiments earned out with
high-rate biological filters show (a) that
brushwood can be employed as a medium, (b)
that BOD loading rates of up to 0.5 kg/m d
can produce similar effluents from piggery-
waste treatment. Loading rates applicable to
produce effluents of this standard are so much
higher than those required to produce Royal
Commission effluents that final land disposal
should be considered as a high priority in
farm-waste treatment. Since loading rate
aimed at maximum BOD removal cannot
produce effluents suitable for discharge,
further effluent treatment is necessary to
satisfy this requirement. (Mann-Stevenage
Laboratory)
5201-B3, Cl, C2, C3
CHANGES IN CHARACTERIS-
TICS OF DEEP STACKED BROIL-
ER LITTER WITH TIME
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia
G.R. Dana, J.P. Fontenot, J.A. Duque, W.
Sheehan, and K.E. Webb, Jr.
Livestock Research Report, Research Division
Report 174, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State Unversity, July, 1978, p. 104-107. 2 tab.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Stacking, Tempera-
ture, pH, Lactic acid, Fermentation, Fecal
conforms, Conforms, Salmonella, Shigella,
Proteus
Stack temperatures were found to be greater
at 18 in. that 32 in. Maximum temperature
was attained after 1 wk at 18 in and after 3 wk
at 32 in. Litter pH was lowest initially and
highest at 2 wk., after which it stabilized.
Lactic acid was 0.27% of the dry matter
initially, after which values tended to decline.
Based on pH and lactic acid production,
minimal fermentation occurred within the
stack. Fecal coliforms, Salmonella and
Shigella were not present at any time during
the6 wk. study. Total coliforms were detected
once and Proteus growth appeared intermit-
tently throughout the experiment. (Dana-
VPISU)
5202-B1, Cl, C2, C3, D3, E3
FERMENTATION AND DIGESTI-
BILITY OF BROILER LITTER
221
-------
ENSILED AT DIFFERENT MOIS-
TURE LEVELS BY ADDITION OF
WHEY OR WATER
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia
J.A. Duque, J.P. Fontenot, K.E. Webb, Jf.
and J.C.A. Berger
Livestock Research Report, Research Division
Report 174, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, July, 1978, p. 108-117. 6 tab.
Keywords: Poultry litter, Ensiling, Moisture
content, Whey, Refeeding, Sheep, Perfor-
mance, Digestibility, Waste composition, pH,
Lactic acid
Experiments were conducted to study the
effect of moisture level on ensiling broiler
litter, by addition of whey or water. A"
preliminary study using 3-4 week old wood
shaving based broiler litter was conducted
with small laboratory silos. Twenty kilogram
litter mixtures were prepared to obtain
moisture levels of 22 (no whey or water
added), 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% by addition of
whey or water. These were ensiled in 6 silos
for a minimum of 45 days. Initial and ensiled
samples were assayed for microbial count,
proximate components, pH, lactic acid, water
soluble carbohydrates and volatile fatty acids.
A similar second small silo study was
conducted. This time the litter was obtained
from a broiler house immediately after the
birds were marketed. A study was also
conducted with large silos to evaluate nitrogen
utilization and digestibility of rations contain-
ing ensiled broiler litter. Two metabolism
trials were conducted with 27 crossbred
wethers allotted at random in each trial. Nine
different rations were fed in both trials
consisting of: (1) low protein basal alone or
supplemented with: (2) 13% moisture litter
silage; (3) and (4) 30% moisture litter silage
with water or whey added; (5) and (6) 40%
moisture litter silage with water or whey
added; (7) and (8) 50% moisture litter silage
with water or whey added; (9) soybean meal.
The supplemental material provided 50% of
the dietary nitrogen for the 8 respective
rations. All rations were equalized in available
energy. Vitamins A and D were supplement-
ed. Sheep were fed 700 g on dry matter basis
of the respective rations plus 10 g of trace
mineralized salt per day. Each trial consisted
of 5-day transition, 10-day preliminary and
10-day collection period. Animals were fed
twice daily at 12 hr. intervals and water
provided ad libitum except during the two 2
hr. feeding periods. Ruminal fluid and blood
samples were taken at the end of the collection
period of each trial. Results for each of these
studies are discussed. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5203-A11, B3, C2, D3, E3
ENSILED CORN FORAGE AND
BROILER LITTER FOR FINISH-
ING HEIFERS
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia
W.H. McClure, J.P. Fontenot and K E
Webb, Jr.
Livestock Research Report, Research Division
Report 174, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, July, 1978, p. 131-134. 2 tab.
Keywords: Silages, Ensiling, Poultry litter,
Refeeding, Cattle, Performance
Forty-eight straight bred and crossbred
weanling heifer calves were grouped accord-
ing to breeding and weight and allotted to 2
replications of 4 pens of 6 head each. Four
pens were fed regular corn silage and 4 were
fed silage containing 70% corn forage and
30% broiler litter, dry basis. Within each kind
of silage, 2 pens were not fed supplemental
protein and 2 were fed 2 Ib soybean
meal/head/day. Sufficient grain was fed to
provide a total concentrate level of 1% for
bodyweight. The silages were full-fed. The
broiler litter contained 76% dry matter and
the corn forage combined with it contained
42% dry matter. The proportions used to give
a level of 30% litter, dry basis, in the silage
were 81 % corn forage and 19% broiler litter.
The litter was placed on top of each wagon
load of corn forage with a front-end loader.
Heifers to be fed were weighed initially, at
monthly intervals, and at the end of the trial.
At the trial's end, the cattle were slaughtered
and carcass data were obtained. The corn
forage-litter mixture ensiled very well. The
protein content of the regular corn silage was
8%, dry basis. Substituting broiler litter with
30% of the dry matter of the corn forage
increased the protein level to 15.7%, dry
basis. Cattle fed no protein supplement had
the lowest rate of gain. Supplementing with
soybean meal increased daily gain to 2.07 Ib.
The rate of gain for heifers fed ensiled corn
silage-litter was higher than for the regular
corn silage fed animals. Cattle fed the corn
silage-litter ate much more silage than those
fed regular corn silage. Carcass grades and
dressing percent were similar for cattle on the
various rations. There was a trend for the
grades to be a little higher for cattle fed the
ensiled corn silage litter. (Merryman-East
Central)
5204-All, B3, Cl, C2, C3, D3, E3
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS
AND UTILIZATION BY SWINE OF
ENSILED SWINE WASTE AND
GROUND CORN GRAIN
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-
versity, Blacksburg, Virginia
J. Berger, E.T. Kornegay, J.P. Fontenot, and
K.E. Webb, Jr.
Livestock Research Report, Research Division
Report 174, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, July, 1978, p. 158-166. 6 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Ensiling, Refeed-
ing, Swine, Digestibility, Waste composition,
pH, Lactic acid, Fecal coliforms
Study objectives were to determine fermenta-
tion (ensiling) and characteristics of different
levels ,of swine feoes when ensiled with
ground corn grain silages fed to swine. A
small silo study was conducted in which
various proportions of swine waste and
ground corn grain were ensiled to determine
the most desirable combinations. Good ensil-
ing occurred in mixtures of 40:60 to 80:20 of
swine waste to ground corn grain. pH values
of all ensiled mixtures were below 5.0 which
indicates good ensiling. Lactic acid values of
the ensiled mixtures decreased with decreas-
ing amounts of swine waste in the mixture.
There was a reduction in soluble carbohy-
drates and fecal coliforms were completely
destroyed by the ensiling process. Salmonella,
shigella and proteus organisms were not
present in the ensiled material. Crude protein,
ether extract and crude fiber all decreased
with decreasing levels of swine waste in the
mixture. A large silo study was conducted in
which a larger amount of the two best
combinations used for the digestibility and
acceptability trials were 60:40 and 40:60
mixtures of waste and ground corn grain.
Three digestion trials were run with 10
crossbred gilts weighing approximately 200
Ib. All gilts were blocked by weight and
randomly assigned to treatments and pens. A
typical corn-SBM diet (14% protein) was used
as the basal diet. Diets for the digestion and
acceptability trials were (1) basal, (2) 75%
basal + 25% 40:60 silage, (3) 50% basal +
50% 40:60 silage, (4)75% basal + 25% 60:40
silage and (5) 50% 60:40 silage. Each trial
consisted of a 2-day transition, 7 day
preliminary, and 5 day collection period.
Following the digestion trials, a palatability
trial was conducted with 30 crossbred gilts
weighing approximately 200 Ib. Apparent
digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and
crude protein for the basal diet and diets
containing the 40:60 silage were significantly
higher (P<.05) than diets containing the 60:40
silage. Nitrogen intake ranged from 39.4
/day to 44.4 g/day. There was no significant
difference in nitrogen retained expressed as
percent of intake between gilts fed any of the
diets. Acceptability as measured by the dry
matter intake (g/w
. -is-
/day) showed no
significant differences between treatments,
although intake of the basal diets containing
the 40:60 silage tended to be higher.
(Merryman-East Central)
5205-B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
College of Agriculture, University of
Missouri-Columbia, Columbia Missouri
65201
D. M. Sievers
Research in Animal Waste Management,
College of Agriculture, University of
Missouri-Columbia, October, 1977, 12 p 4
fig., 3 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Digesters, Me-
thane, Agitation, Screening, Sedimentation
Deep pits, Salts, Bacteria, Antibiotics, Feed
additives, Waste composition, Lagoons
This report summarizes research in animal
waste management being done through the
Agricultural Experiment Station University of
Missouri-Columbia in the following areas: (1)
Operation and Management of a Farm-size
Swine Digester, (2) Gas Agitation Require-
ments for Swine Digesters, (3) Use of
Fertilizer Nutrients from Swine Anaerobic
Digesters, (4) Effects of Antibiotics and Feed
Additives on the Conversion of Swine Waste
to Methane: Screening, (5) Bacteriology of
Anaerobic Waste Digestion of Swine Waste,
(6) Biochemistry of Swine Waste Digestion,
(7) Bacterial Response to Salts in an
Anaerobic Dairy Lagoon, (8) Survey of Swine
Lagoons in Central Missouri, (9) Sedimenta-
tion of Swine Wastes, and (10) Lagoon Recycle
System for Deep Pits. Much of the work in the
Agricultural Engineering Department is a
cooperative venture witn the Agricultural
Research Service, United States Department
of Agriculture, results of this cooperative work
is included in this report. (Merryman-East
Central)
5206-A6, B2, C2, D3
COLOR THESE LAGOONS
PURPLE
Anonymous
Agricultural Engineering, V. 59 No 9 p 45
Sept., 1978. ' '
222
-------
Keywords: Odor control, Swine Wastes,
Purple sulfur bacteria, Hydrogen sulfide
John Gerrish and Ted Loudon have been
doing research at Michigan State University
which utilizes purple sulfur bacteria to
convert hydrogen sulfide to odorless elemen-
tal sulfur. The problem involved developing a
technique for getting the bacteria to survive in
the colder winter weather. The bacteria
apparently can survive if the loading rate is
light. The next step is to modify design and
management practices so swine producers can
easily utilize the inexpensive technique.
(Stiles-East Central)
5207-A8, B2, C2, E2
YOU CAN PUT LIQUID MANURE
ON YOUR ALFALFA
Southern Experiment Station, University of
Minnesota, Waseca, Minnesota
G.W. Randall
Hoard's Dairyman, V. 123, No. 11, p. 724,
741, June 10, 1978. 1 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Dairy wastes, Land
application, Crop response, Waste composi-
tion, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Salt
burn
Application and incorporation of liquid dairy
manure to the soil before planting row or
annual crops is preferred to application on
growing alfalfa. However, if circumstances
necessitate spreading on alfalfa, rates from
2,000 to 4,000 gallons per acre usually can be
applied to alfalfa. Because of less loss and
greater efficiency, injection of liquid manure
is to be encouraged for general crop
production. However, on alfalfa, injection is
almost impossible without damaging the
alfalfa stand to the injector and, generally, is
not recommended. Problems with runotf,
odor, poor palatability of alfalfa, and salt burn
can result from surface application of liquid
dairy manure on alfalfa if great care is not
taken. Consequently, land application of
liquid dairy manure on alfalfa as a regular
practice is not recommended even if applica-
tion is done after cutting. (Merryman-East
Central)
5208-A3, B2, B4
RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS
FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS
Anonymous
Wallaces Farmer, V. 103, No. 15, p. 24, Aug.
12, 1978.
Keywords: Feedlot runoff, Cattle, Waste
storage, Debris basins, Holding ponds,
Design
Agricultural engineers from USDA and the
University of Nebraska recommend that
holding pond capacity equal 100% of the
runoff from the 24-hour storm that occurs once
in 10 years for sites with climate similar to
eastern Nebraska. Design of debris basins,
holding ponds, and disposal systems must be
tailored to individual operations. Locating the
debris basin inside a cattle pen: (1) uses land
efficiently, (2) allows cattle to use ledges of
the basin to avoid muddy lots in extended
wet periods, (3) promotes faster drying of
pens in dry weather because hoof action
increases evaporation by stirring the debris.
Drawbacks of locating debris basins inside
pens are: (1) Debris basins inside pens stay
damp longer in cool, wet weather than those
outside. (2) Inside basins also may have
drainage problems in summer and winter
when cattle churn the solids into a mud slurry
which can plug risers and drain openings. (3)
Ledges of basins inside pens must be rebuilt
occasionally due to cattle eroding the slopes.
(4) Placement of the fenceline can be a
problem. Debris basins located outside pens
are usually drier and easier to manage. Mud
slurry conditions are usually limited to
wintertime. However, externally placed
debris basins can have the following pro-
blems: (1) Extreme snowmelt slurry runoff
can bury fencelines. (2) Solids may accumu-
late at the fenceline. (3) Weed control on
sideslopes of basins is difficult. Mounds In the
pen are especially needed when cattle cannot
seek dry ground in severe weather on the
berms of a basin inside the pen. Locating the
holding pond beside the debris basin has 2
advantages: (1) Runoff from a storm exceed-
ing design capacity of the basin will overflow
directly into the holding pond and (2) The
basin can be smaller. A minimum design
capacity of 167 cu. yd. per acre of feedlot area
is recommended for a gravity-drained basin
adjacent to a holding pond. (Merryman-East
Central)
5209-A8, B2, C2, D3
SALT BUILDUP
LAGOON FAILURE
CAUSES
Anonymous
Calf News, V. 16, No. 8, p. 26, Aug., 1978.
Keywords: Lagoons, Dairy wastes, Anaerobic,
Electrical conductivity, Salinity
The effect of salt concentration on lagoon
bacterial activity was studied and related to an
easily-obtainable field measurement. It was
determined that salt concentration which
produces an electrical conductivity efficiency.
Researchers concluded that anaerobic dairy
lagoons should be maintained at an electrical
conductivity of four to eight millimhos per
centimeter (2600 to 5200 ppm total salt) for
peak operation efficiency. Salinity can be
reduced to this level by disposal of lagoon
liquid and dilution with water from wells or
stock ponds. Precautions should be taken in
disposing of effluent containing more than
1500 ppm total salt to prevent soil salinity.
(Stiles-East Central)
5210-A10, Bl, C3
A REVIEW OF THE FOOD HA-
BITS OF THE INSECT FAUNA
INHABITING CATTLE DROP-
PINGS IN NORTH CENTRAL
CALIFORNIA
Division of Entomology and Parasitology,
University of California, Berkeley, California
94720
R.W. Merritt
Pan-Pacific Entomologist, V. 52, No. 1, p.
13-22, 1976 1 lab , 36 ref.
Keywords' Cattle wastes, Insects, Pastures,
Rangeland, Predators
A two-year study (1971-73) in the Sierra
Nevada foothills of California included: (1) a
quantitative analysis of the differences in
diversity and abundance of the insect fauna
colonizing and inhabiting undisturbed cattle
droppings in 4 different pasture and range-
land ecosystems; and (2) a study of the
relationship between the diversity and abun-
dance of insect inhabitants percowpat and the
rate of pat degradation. Observations were
made on the feeding habits of selected dung
insects and a general literature survey was
conducted. This report reviews the known
food habits of the Insects recorded in the
previous study. Many of the families, genera
and species considered here, also occur in
bovine manure throughout North America and
other parts of the world. A general tabulation
is given of the food habits of dung-associated
insects for both adult and immature stages.
Except for the empid Drapetis, no Diptera
were reported predacious on Coleoptera.
About 50% of the Coleoptera and all the
Hymenoptera have been cited as predators of
parasitoids of Diptera. There are limited data
regarding the food habits of insect species
inhabiting cattle droppings. This is largely
due to difficulties involved in examining the
interspecific and intraspecific interactions
inside the dung. Clarifying the several insect
trophic levels within the cow dung community
will require more detailed investigations.
(Merryman-East Central)
5211-A6, B2, B4, Cl, C2, E2, E3
HOLDING POND AND FLUSH
GUTTERS
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 3, No. 7, p 7 Julv-Auo
1978. y''
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Flushing, Waste
storage, Recycling, Wastewater reuse, Land
application, Odor control
Cattle wastes at a, commercial housed feedlot
near Fairfield, Nebraska are flushed through
gutters 3 times weekly to an earthen pit 27
feet deep with design capacity of 409 cu ft per
animal. The pit has operated successfully for 4
years, but solids must be removed periodical-
ly. The wastewater is recycled for flushing the
gutters, which have a 1% slope to the center
of the building and empty into a 24-inch
diameter conduit leading to the pond. The
development of a floating manure mat on the
pond surface has minimized odor. It is felt that
utilizing settled solids as fertilizer on adjacent
cropland may partially recover maintenance
costs, including operation of the recycle pump
and cleanout. (Merryman-East Central)
5212-A7, Bl, C2, D2, D3
WARNING! MANURE GASES
ARE DANGEROUS
Anonymous
Confinement, V. 3, No. 7, p. 12-13, July-Aug.,
1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Gases, Hydrogen sulfide, Meth-
ane, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Animal
wastes, Animal health, Safety, Ammonium
Manure gases present a double hazard. The
serious accidents involving manure gases are
the result of high concentrations accumulating
under certain conditions for a short period of
time These conditions occur infrequently. A
problem of greater complexity involves ex-
posure of confined animals to low or moderate
concentrations of manure gases either inter-
mittently or over prolonged periods. Numer-
ous reports have suggested that such expo-
sures may be detrimental to the health and
223
-------
performance of animals. C0a , CHiv, NHiu,
and Hj.3 frequently are cited as the principal
hazards in connection with animal production
facilities. Carbon dioxide does not seem to be
a critical problem In animal housing. Methane
also is unlikely to be a factor in animal health
and performance in normally ventilated
buildings. Its significance lies in its flammable
and explosive nature. Although difficult to
prove conclusively after the event, CH^has
been Implicated as the most probable cause of
explosions and accompanying fire damage in
several Instances in animal barns. Evidence of
detrimental effects of NH 3 on animals is
sketchy and complicated by the presence of
other atmospheric contaminants. Concentra-
tions of 500 ppm in the presence of dust
appear to reduce daily weight gains in pigs,
and increase the incidence and severity of
pneumonia. A lethal phenomenon involving
ammonia in pig barns occurs when the
ammonia in the air goes into solution in water
vapor which condenses on cold surfaces,
where it is subsequently oxidized by bacterial
action to nitrate or other methemoglobin-
forming compounds. If a pig licks the
condensate, these compounds may cause
rapid poisoning and death. Hydrogen sulfide
is potentially the most dangerous of the
manure gases and is implicated In fatalities
involving both humans and livestock. Risks
are greatest during emptying tanks or pits,
with concentrations in the head space in pits
and above slats reaching an excess of 1000
ppm. Such concentrations are absolutely
deadly and occur within a few minutes of the
commencement of agitation. Safety precau-
tions for minimizing hydrogen sulfide danger
are listed. Approaches that have been tried in
attempting to control noxious gases are
discussed. Much research is required to
establish maximum safe concentrations of
manure gases in the environment for different
animal species. (Merryman-East Central)
5213-A8, Bl, C2
SOIL POLLUTION FROM FEED-
LOTS IN GEORGIA
U.S. Army agronomist, Ft. Gordon, Georgia
H.W. Fordham and J. Giddens
Georgia Agricultural Research, V. 15, p.
17-19, 1974. 8 fig.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Soil
contamination, Waste composition, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium
A survey was made of 21 beef cattle feedlots
in Georgia, 19 in the Coastal Plain and 2 in the
Piedmont. The soils were sandy loam to loamy
sand surface and the subsoil was predomi-
nantly sandy clay loam to sandy clay texture.
The cattle stocking rates averaged about 200
per acre. The rations of cows generally
contained high protein supplement and corn.
Manure resulting from these confined animals
contained about 4.8 tons nitrogen, 0.64 tons
phosphorus and 3.3 tons potassium per acre.
The feedlots were on land sloping an average
of 3 percent. Control soil samples were taken
upslope from the lots. Other soil samples were
taken within the feedlots and down-slope from
the lots at about 100 and 300 feet distance in
December, 1971. Samples were analyzed for
nitrate and nitrite after water extraction and
for P, K, Ca and Mg after extraction with
dilute acid. Salt content was determined by
electrical conductivity and organic matter by
wet oxidation. Average soil nitrate-content of
topsoil in the feedlots was less than 20 ppm.
Less nitrate was found in topsoil down-slope
than in the feedlot. Phosphorus, calcium and
magnesium did not increase greatly in the
feedlots or down-slope from lots except in the
surface 12 inch depth. Phosphorus averaged
368 ppm, calcium 1280 ppm, and magnesium
960 ppm in surface soil of the feedlots; but at a
lower depth,content of these elements was not
greatly different from non-feedlot soil. Potas-
sium content of feedlot soils was very high in
the surface and moved downward Into the soil
more readily than the other nutrients.
However, the potassium concentration in
feedlot soils was not at a toxic level. It was
concluded that pollution of groundwater from
beef cattle feedlots in Georgia is probably not
significant. (Merryman-East Central)
5214-A3, C2, E2
TRANSPORT OF POTENTIAL
POLLUTANTS IN RUNOFF
WATER FROM LAND AREAS
RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES: A
REVIEW
Biological and Agricultural Engineering De-
partment, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27650
R. Khaleel, K.R. Reddy, M.R. Overcash, and
P.W. Westerman
Paper No. 78-2058, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
32 p. 9 fig., 3 tab., 35 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Animal wastes,
Agricultural runoff, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
A considerable amount of research has been
conducted at various locations, and under a
variety of conditions, to determine total N and
P loads from land areas receiving animal
wastes. The available data on these nutrients
are summarized, and effects of various
factors, like time of manure application,
method of application, rates of application,
soil and cropping management practices, in
relation to transport of N and P are reviewed.
An attempt was made to establish relation-
ships between nutrient loading rates and its
concentration and mass yield in runoff water
from land application sites. The results of a
linear regression analysis showed significant
correlations. The plot areas receiving manure
during winter and spring, and subject to
snow melt runoff followed a different relation-
ship compared to those receiving applications
during summer and fall, and not subject to
snowmelt runoff It is to be realized, however,
that N and P data obtained under extreme
weather conditions were not considered in
building the regression equations. These
relationships, therefore, represent N and P
transport under average climatic conditions,
and can be used only as guidelines in
estimating average N and P losses for given
loading rates. It is also to be mentioned that
almost all data presented herein contain
results of pollutant yields from small plot
sized areas. The reported values of N and P
should not therefore, necessarily be interpre-
ted as amounts reaching surface waters.
Many of these parameters can be altered
during transport across or through soil.
Several studies reported data on total N and P
losses in runoff waters from pastured livestock
and rangelands. In many cases, it appears
that it may be difficult to distinguish between
pollution from animal wastes and natural or
"background" levels of pollution. It appears
that the best method of controlling nutrient
discharges in runoff from these areas is in
controlling management or grazing schedule,
controlling erosion and sediment transport,
and surface runoff. The limitations of the
available data on nutrient losses are discussed
in terms of identifying future research needs.
The greatest need appears to be of relating
the limited data on small plot sized areas to
larger watershed areas, and edge-of-fleld
losses to receiving waters. (Khaleel-North
Carolina State University)
5215-B3, E2, Fl
TWICE THE CATTLE AT HALF
THE COST
J. Head
Wallaces Farmer, V. 103, No. 15, p. 56-57,
Aug. 12, 1978. 3 fig.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Confinement, Man-
agement, Economics, Cleaning, Land applica-
tion
Warren Feldick of Winnebaqp County, Iowa
expanded his cattle production by building a
152 x 70-ft building and not including a
manure pit. This saved him over $60,000.
Without the pit, Feldick must clean the floors
at least once every 4-5 weeks — 2-3 weeks in
winter. He uses a tractor mounted scoop and a
400-bu. manure spreader. Allowing about 35
sq. ft. per animal, he shuts cattle on one end
of the building to clean the other. During the
"spring rush", Feldick piles the manure
outside the building until he has time to haul it
to a nearby oat field chopped for silage.
During the winter and early spring, manure
goes on corn stubble. While more labor is
involved with this type of management,
Feldick has plenty of time and figures his
labor is cheap. (Merryman-East Central)
5216-B1, Dl, D2, D3, E3, Fl
A GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND
WASTE - MANAGEMENT SYS-
TEMS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
H.C. Kim, W. Mayeda, and D.L. Day
Transactions of the ASAE, V. 21, No. 4, p.
747-753, July-Aug., 1978. 7 fig., 7 ref.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Chemical treat-
ment, Wastelage, Economics, Graphs
This paper deals with a topological approach
to a system analysis by a signal flow graph. A
farm flow graph is derived from a signal flow
graph, and a Mason formula is modified. The
chemical treatment and wastelage methods of
processing wastes for refeeding are com-
pared. In a given design capacity of Y^, Xe<,a
unit cost of a beef cattle production system
with chemical treatment of wastes is given in
equation. The annual monetary expense of
this system is XctXo. An energy expense can
be approximated by the methods used in the
Energetics of Alternative Waste Management
Systems (Kim and Day, 1975). With the
wastelage process of treating wastes, the
variables and constants associated with the
chemical treatment are replaced by those of
the wastelage process. The ratio between the
output and the inputs is expressed in terms of
weights of edges, that it is the technical
prcessing coefficients, K'.j. With the Chemical
treatment, the output-input ratio is given in
equation (12). A network simulated In this
study does not satisfy Kirchoff's current and
voltage laws. We assumed that the current
law was satisfied on the non-reference
verticles alone where cutset was applied
However, the network satisfied the voltage
224
-------
law by introducing a definition of a system
graph. Circuits were formed by joining the
common datum nodes. The voltage law was
applied in these circuits. The network was
used only to obtain mathematical equations,
and from them the signal flow graphs were
developed, These signal flow graphs were
modified into the farm flow graphs, where
general solutions were searched out topo-
logically by applying Mason's formula. In an
economic system analysis, a commodity flow,
or the demand of a commodity, could be
treated as a counterpart of a current flow in an
electrical network. A price can be considered
as a voltage. Kirchoff's current and voltage
laws are the fundamental laws which can be
applied in a physical system. It is possible to
simulate an economic network which satisfies
both laws. Then, the system network can be
conveniently analyzed by the properties of an
electrical network. It would be desirable to
search out such a system network in an
agricultural economic system later. This study
attempts to use a topological approach in the
analysis of an agricultural system, particularly
in a livestock production system which would
be affected by alternate waste management
systems. A topological approach by the use of
signal flow graphs provided quite a conven-
ient way to solve simultaneous equations in a
complex system analysis. Such an analysis has
been demonstrated in this paper. Those who
are dealing with an agricultural system might
wish to study graph theory and apply it to
their fields. (Kim-University of Illinois)
5217-A11, B3, E3, Fl
DPW PROVIDES NITROGEN FOR
COWS
Anonymous
Poultry Tribune, V. 84, No. 7, p. 54, July,
1978.
Keywords: Refeeding, Poultry wastes-dried,
Cattle, Performance, Milk production, Eco-
nomics
Dr. C.C. Calvert of Beltsville Agricultural
Research Center and Dr. R.L. King of the
University of Maryland conducted tests
involving groups of six Holstein cows, each
fed one of four diets. The diets consisted of
corn-soybean meal concentrate supplemented
with either: 2% urea, 17.2% dehydrated
poultry waste (DPW), 26% DPW, or addition-
al soybean meal. All diets contained 24%
crude protein and concentrates were mixed
with corn silage which provided 50% of the
dry matter in the diets. The amount of feed
consumed was about the same for all four
diets. Cows on the 17.2% DPW supplemented
diet produced 8% more milk than cows on the
urea supplemented diet and 7% more milk
than cows on the 26% DPW or soybean diet.
DPW diets were less expensive than either of
the other two diets. (Stiles-East Central)
5218-AW, Bl, C3
DOMESTIC FLY PROBLEMS IN
DEEP PIT POULTRY HOUSES
L.L. Dunning, E.C. Loomis, W.S. Coates, and
F.C. Price
California Agriculture, V. 32, No. 9, p. 16,
Sept., 1978. 6 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Fly control, Deep pits, Poultry
wastes, Predators, Ventilation
deep pit houses and determines why some
have a domestic fly problem while others do
not. It was determined that deep pit houses
can be odor and fly free if managed properly.
Recommendations were: (1) Design house and
fan placement for proper air movement. (2)
Prevent dripping water. (3) Discard dead
birds and broken eggs in proper containers; in
the pit they encourage fly development. (4)
Control rats and mice. (5) Save old manure
with high predator populations when cleaning
the pit. Failure to do this may result In several
weeks' delay in establishing a new predator
population. (6) Do not use larvicides in the pit
if mites and predator populations are to be
maintained. Axtel (1968) showed deleterious
effects of 12 insecticides on predaceous mite
populations in poultry manure. If necessary,
careful application of certain adulticides can
be made above the pit without ill effect to pit
predators. (Merryman-East Central)
5219-A10, Bl, Cl
FEATHERS ON MANURE CAN
INCREASE FLY CONTROL
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 439, p. 455, Sept.,
1978.
Keywords: Flycontrol, Poultry wastes, Feath-
ers
If feathers from molting chickens are allowed
to accumulate on top of manure in open cage
houses, fly breeding can increase because the
feathers insulate and hold in manure moisture
- a state conducive to fly breeding. Frequent
use of a feather burner to prevent feather
accumulation is recommended. (Merryman
East Central)
5220-B2, C2, D3
BACTERIA CONTENT SOLVES
LAGOON PROBLEMS
University of Missouri
D. Sievers
Hog Farm Management, V. 15, No. 10, p. 30,
Oct., 1978. 2 fig.
Keywords: Lagoons, Anaerobic, Bacteria,
Salts, heavy metals, Antibiotics PH
The purpose of an anaerobic lagoon is to
provide a suitable environment in which
anaerobic bacteria can live and break down
organic waste materials. Microorganisms
reduce insoluble organic materials through
successive steps to gases (primarily carbon
dioxide, methane, and water with smaller
amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide)
and soluble salts. The key to maintaining an
acceptable lagoon is managing it to reduce
imbalances Such management will include
proper loading procedures, periodic dilutions
to prevent salt buildup, controlling pH and
keeping large amounts of heavy metals and
antibiotics from entering the lagoon. Visual
detection of imbalances is difficult and
misleading. The lagoon should be tested for
pH and electrical conductivity at least three
times a year. These parameters provide a
sound basis for making management decis-
ions. (Merryman-East Central)
This survey evaluates the various types of 5221-A9, AW, Bl, C3, E2
LESSER MEALWORM BEETLES
INVADE MAINE RESIDENCES
Anonymous
Poultry Digest, V. 37, No. 439, p. 464, Sept ,
1978.
Keywords: Beetles, Poultry wastes, Insecti-
cides
About 90% of the cage houses in Maine have
the lesser mealworm. It is also found in broiler
litter houses. These beetles emerge from
manure and litter that has been hauled to
land. They emerge and migrate to nearby
dwellings. More than 100 homes in Turner
and other areas of Maine have complained of
these beetles. If the beetles get too numerous
in poultry houses, they can be controlled by
spraying with Sevin. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5222-B2, B5, C2, E2, Fl
WASTIGATION
Anonymous
Calf News, V 16, No 10, p. 42, Oct., 1978 2
fig.
Keywords: Cattle wastes, Irrigation, Waste
composition, Land application, Economics
Estherville, Iowa farmer John Greig uses a
flush-type manure handling system in his
1000-cow confinement facility. Waste is
collected from a series of flumes in the sloping
concrete floor and flushed with large quanti-
ties of water into a nearby lagoon. A Bauer
pump is used to pump the enriched waste-
water from the lagoon to a mobile pivot. The
pivot is equipped with an electric sequenced
solids handling package and is designed
especially for handling animal manure solids.
Three guns are spaced along the pivot and
their operation is electrically timed to give
optimum uniform coverage. The nutrients
applied from the lagoon are sufficient so the
land does not require any other fertilizer.
Greig feels that fertilizer savings will pay for
the mobile pump system in four years.
Utilizing animal wastes through irrigation has
meant not only savings in fertilizer costs but
also in labor costs. (Merryman-East Central)
5223-A6, Bl, Dl, D3, Fl
MANAGING MANURE ECONO-
MICS
D. Winters
Hog Farm Management, V. 15, No. 10, p. 52,
Oct., 1978. 1 fig., 3 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste manage-
ment, Economics, Slatted floors, Oxidation
ditch, Flushing, Odor
A study at the University of Illinois compared
the estimated investment and net annual
operating costs for several popular swine
waste handling facilities. Costs in the study
were based on contractor and manufacturer
prices as of late 1976, and should be raised
10-15 percent to reflect current prices. The
methods considered were: (1) Total slats, (2)
Oxidation ditch, (3) Partial slats, (4) Flush
flume-plastic pit, (5) Flush flume-steel tank,
(6) Flush flume-aerated lagoon, and (7) Cable
scraper-plastic pit The total slats system
offered extreme simplicity and low labor
225
-------
requirements, but had higher operating and
Investment costs than the flush flume-plastic
pit. The flush flume easily trained the pigs to
manure in the flume, and the plastic pit
offered the best odor and fly control because
the manure was stored in an air-tight
container. The cable scraper-plastic pit of-
fered moderate operating and Investment
costs, but was fairly complex mechanically
and required more labor to manage It
properly. The aerated lagoon was relatively
odor-free, but had high electricity costs and a
larger land requirement. The above-ground
steel tank storage system had an advantage in
flexibility of location, for no major excavation
must be done for the building or manure
storage, but It had a high investment cost and
the highest net operating costs of all systems
compared. The oxidation ditch was the
costliest to operate and to purchase, and
required constant management of the oxida-
tion rotors. It did not control odors well and
reduced the amounts of waste to be hauled.
(Merryman-East Central)
5224-B1, D3, E3
SMALL FARM ENERGY PRO-
JECT
Anonymous
Compost Science, V. 19, No. 3, p. 15,
May-June, 1978.
Keywords: Recycling, Biogas, Methane, Re-
feeding, Anaerobic, Digesters, Composting,
Fertilizers
The Small Farm Energy Project, a research
and demonstration project sponsored by the
Center for Rural Affairs in Walthill, Nebraska,
communicates the latest information in alter-
native energy developments such as wind and
solar, bio-fuels and methane, as well as waste
recycling and energy conservation. It focuses
on cooperating farms in Cedar County,
Nebraska. Among developments reported are
the following: (1) The U.S. Meat Animal
Research Center at Clay Center, Nebraska -
This center operates athermophilic anaerobic
digester which digests beef feedlot manure for
methane and high protein feed. (2) Ted
Landers farm in Drury, Missouri - Mr.
Landers utilizes a mix tank to produce
methane from crop residues. (3) A number of
farms which use composters to convert
organic wastes to valuable soil amendments.
On August 26, 1978, a "Small Farm Energy
Field Day" will be offered at an energy
seminar. A full-day tour of various farms in
the Harrington, Nebraska area will feature
solar heating of a farrowing barn, solar water
heating, a wind electric generator, solar grain
drying and other innovations. (Merryman-
East Central)
5225-46, A12, Bl, C2, C3, D3, E2,
E3
THE UPGRADING OF AGRICUL-
TURAL WASTES BY THERMO-
PHILIC FUNGI
Biodeterioration Information Centre, Depart-
ment of Biological Sciences, University of
Aston in Birmingham, Birmingham, England
K.J. Seal and H.O.W. Eggins
Food From Waste, Chapter 5. Applied Science
Publishers Ltd., London, 1976. p. 58-78. 4
fig., 4 tab., 33 ref.
Keywords: Waste treatment, Thermophilic,
Land application, Refeedlng, Microorgan-
isms, Swine wastes, Odor, Public Health,
Waste composition
Intensified crop and animal production In
Great Britain has increased the amounts of
waste produced. When produced in amounts
greater than the natural recycling process can
cope with, accumulation can occur making
land more difficult to reuse. If the waste is to
be removed for storage, storage problems
may occur. The use of microorganisms to
achieve a quick recycling could be useful in
alleviating the pollution problems caused
when wastes are stored or overloaded on the
land. It could also provide a cheap source of
protein to be incorporated into animal rations.
Thermophilic bacteria are especially impor-
tant in speeding up the degradation process
and in removing potential pathogens. Work
has been done on upgrading intensively
produced pio manure and waste straw.
Problems that were overcome using thermo-
philic temperatures of between 50°C and 60°
C. included: (1) separation of solid and liquid
wastes, (2) odor, (3) public health hazard, (4;
pathogen problem, and (5) the high polluting
ability of the wastes. The solid product
resulting from treatment with thermophilic
fungi was enhanced in its total protein content
from 5% up to between 10 and 13% to handle
and could be dried and stored until required
for use. (Merryman-East Central)
5226-A12, B2, B3, C2, C3, D3, E2,
E3, Fl
METHANE GENERATION FROM
HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND AGRI-
CULTURAL WASTES
National Research Coucil
Methane Generation from Human, Animal,
and Agricultural Wastes, National Research
Council. Washington, D.C., National Aca-
demy of Science, 1977, 146 p.
Keywords: Recycling, Methane, Organic
wastes, Anaerobic, Fermentation, Economics,
Waste composition, Public health, Design,
Storage, Land application, Sludge, Digesters
This is a compendium of up-to-date informa-
tion on the generation of methane from
organic matter. The compendium includes
general background for officials in developing
countries who are responsible for rural
planning and development and technical
information for those Interested in undertak-
ing methane generating projects in rural
areas. This study is written as a companion
piece to an ACTI report in renewable
resources of energy, and technologies for their
exploitation, in rural areas of developing
countries. The report discusses the means by
which the natural process of anaerobic
fermentation can be controlled by man for his
benefit, and how the methane generated by
this process can be used for fuel. A
bibliography of more detailed publications on
the subject is Included along with a list of the
panel members to whom technologists in
developing countries may turn for direct
assistance with specific problems. (Merryman
East Central)
5227-42, Bl, Cl, C2, D3
BARNYARD SEDIMENT AND
NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY GRASS
FILTERS
Agricultural Engineering Department, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706
D.A. Broten and G.D. Bubenzer
Paper No. 78-2087, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing,Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
22 p. 9 fig., 4 tab., 24 ref.
Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Sediment,
Total solids, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Chemical
oxygen demand, Grass filters
A mixture of barnyard sediment and water
which approximated actual barnyard runoff
was applied to a grass filter under laboratory
conditions. The profiles of the deposited
sediment could be described as triangular or
trapezoidal, but assumptions made in other
research on a simulated grass filter were not
valid in a natural grass filter. The downstream
slope of the sediment profile was not constant
but decreased with time and the sediment did
not completely inundate the grass before the
profile changed from trlangularto trapezoidal.
The regression equations developed to predict
the length of the sediment profile could be
used in grass filter design with supporting
field data to determine design hydrologic and
sediment values. The grass filter was effective
in reducing the levels of total solids and some
chemical pollutants in the water. Total solids,
total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus,
total inorganic phospohrus, and COD were
reduced by 90-99%. Nitrate and dissolved
inorganic phosphorus were not effectively
filtered by the grass. (Broten-University of
Wisconsin)
5228-A6, B2, D3, E3, Fl
AUSTRALIANS UTILIZE FARM
WASTE TO PRODUCE EDIBLE
PROTEIN PRODUCTS
F. Rees
Feedstuffs, V. 50, No. 43, p. 25, Oct. 16, 1978.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Fermentation, Pro-
teins, Refeeding, By-product recovery,
Yeasts, Odor, Fertilizers, Economics
Peter Henry, the director of the University of
Queensland's animal breeding house, has
helped develop a process which produces
foodstuff from swine wastes and turns grass
into protein at 16 times the efficiency of a cow.
Mr. Henry conducted a pilot study in which
swine feces and urine were piped from a
piggery into concrete tanks and mixed with
water. After two days' fermentation, volatile
fatty acids were produced. After fermenta-
tion, the effluent was pumped into shallow
vats where the yeast Candida Ingrens grew
prolifically, and in doing so cleansed and
deodorized the swine waste. The yeast was
hap/ested by skimming it from the surface of
the effluent. The yeast was then dried for
future use, or mixed into wet feed to give
added protein for stock. The yeast, a rich
protein source which also provided significant
quantities of calcuim, phosphorus and B
group vitamins was found to be relished by
animals such as swine and dogs, but for
human palatability it had to be mixed with
other foods such as curries, stews and
vegetable dishes, or with cereal flour as a
protein supplement. The remaining liquid was
high in nitrogen and phosphorus and was
suitable for use as a liquid fertilizer. As a
swine feed, the recycled waste could save up
to $2,000 a year in a piggery of 100 sows. It
was found that when used with grass
fermentation, the process could have great
advantages for developing countries, particu-
larly where there are religious barriers to
226
-------
eating meat. In many underdeveloped coun-
tries, it could mean a high protein diet for
people who would otherwise be denied it. The
University of Queensland has patented the
process in Australia, North America and the
United Kingdom. (Merryman-East Central)
5229-A4, A7, A8, Bl, D2, D3, E2,
E3, F4
ANALYSIS OF STATE LAWS AND
REGULATIONS IMPACTING AN-
IMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
G.A. Whetstone, B.M. Kramer, D.M. Wells,
W.J. Huffman, R.H. Ramsey, and W. Grub
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-155, July, 1978, 219 p. 51 ref.
Keywords: Legal aspects, Animal wastes,
Management, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Soil contamination, Nuisance lawsuits, Re-
feeding, Land application
Those laws and regulations of the fifty states
which have an impact on the management of
animal wastes are summarized, state-by-
state, under the headings water, solid waste,
air, commercial feed and fertilizer, agricul-
ture, nuisance, soil and water conservation,
and land use. The code provisions are then
compared and the actual and potential effects
of the codes on the economics of animal
agriculture, on planning under Section 208 of
P.L. 92-500, on the refeeding of manure, and
on animal residue conversion processes are
discussed in separate sections. Reasonable-
ness and enforceability of the codes are
evaluated. (Whetstone-Texas Tech Univer-
sity)
tion, Louisiana State University and Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana 70803
D.D. Culley, Jr., J.H. Gholson, T.S. Chis-
holm, L.C. Standifer, and E.A. Epps
Environmental Protection Agency Report
EPA-600/2-78-153, July, 1978, 148 p. 15 fig.,
80 tab., 139 ref.
Keywords: Lagoons, Waste treatment, Duck-
weeds, Dairy wastes, Nutrients, Protein,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
Duckweeds Spirodela oligorhiza, S. polyrhiza,
and Lemna gibba (clone G3) grown on dairy
waste lagoons gave an estimated maximum
annual yield of 22,023 kg dry wt./ha. S.
oligorhiza and L. gibba had higher growth
rates in the spring, fall, and winter, with L.
gibba growing throughout most of the winter.
Nutrient content of the plants increased with
increasing nutrients In the lagoons. Mean
crude protein of dry duckweeds was 36%, to a
maximum of 42%. Maximum protein yleld/m^
exceeded protein produced by peanuts,
soybeans, and cottonseed 9, 12, and 40 fold
respectively. The duckweeds recovered on a
hectare basis the N, P, and K of 15.5, 34, and
8.8 lactating cows respectively. Reductions in
lagoon TKN, NH£ , and P were significantly
greater in the duckweed lagoons than
controls. Reduction of TKN averaged 0.91
mg/l/day in summer for duckweed-covered
lagoons and 0.74 mg/l/day for controls.
During the winter the rate was 1.27 mg/1 /day
(duckweed lagoons) and 0.82 mg/l/day for
controls. Ammonium reduction was 84%
greater in the duckweed lagoons during
winter. Phosphorus reduction in duckweed
lagoons, though significantly different from
controls, was insufficient to meet water
quality standards. (Culley-Louisiana State
University and Agricultural and Mechanical
College)
5233-A11, B3, Cl, E3
COMBINED EFFECTS OF
SCREENED MANURE SOLIDS
AND CRUDE FIBER IN RATIONS
OF LACTATING COWS
Department of Animal Science, North Caro-
lina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27607
A.M. Rakes, D.G. Davenport, J.C. Wilk,
and A.C. Linnerud
Journal of Dairy Science, V. 61, No. 9, p.
1238-1241, Sept., 1978. 2 tab., 11 ref.
Keywords. Refeeding, Animal wastes, Cattle,
Performance, Crude fiber, Animal health
Effects of screened manure solids and two
levels of crude fiber in rations for lactating
cows were studied with 24 Holstein cows from
approximately 14 days prepartum until 305
days postparturn. Neither crude fiber percent
nor additions of screened manure solids
significantly influenced intake of dry matter,
total milk, fat-corrected-milk, or percentages
of protein or solids-not-fat. Fat percentages
were higher for cows fed rations with medium
fiber than for those fed rations of low fiber.
Rations with up to 41% of the crude fiber
derived from screened manure solids main-
tained fat percentages as well as those without
screened manure solids. No health problems
or reproductive problems were related to
either crude fiber or screened manure solids.
(Rakes-North Carolina State University)
5234-B1
BEAT EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS --
SUN, WIND BEST FOR HAND-
LING WASTE
5230-B2, D3
A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
AUTOMATED ANAEROBIC
GESTER
AN
DI-
USDA, SEA, NCR, Building T-12, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
J.R. Fischer, N.F. Meador, and C.D. Fulhage
Paper No. 78-5017. American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1978 Summer Meet-
ing, Utah State University, June 27-30, 1978,
13 p. 6 fig.
Keywords: Anaerobic, Digesters, Swine
wastes, Design
Anaerobic digesters can become integrated
into animal production in the United States
only if the digester system requires minimum
labor. This is possible if the functions of daily
operation of the digester can be controlled
automatically. An automated sequence of
events for digester operation is controlled by a
24-hour cam timer. The system controls
manure removed from the buildings, the
digester loading and unloading, and digester
operation. The digester has been in operation
since Sept., 1976. (Fischer-USDA)
5231-B2, C2, D3
WATER QUALITY RENOVATION
OF ANIMAL WASTE LAGOONS
UTILIZING AQUATIC PLANTS
Louisiana State Agricultural Experiment Sta-
5232-A8, B3, E2
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS TO
SAND TO INCREASE THE MOIS-
TURE LEVEL FOR THE GROWTH
OF BAJRA (PENNISETUM TY-
PHOIDES SOUNDER SALINITY
STRESS
Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research
Institute, Bhavnagar, India
M Abraham, E.R.R. lyengar
Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, V.
10,No. 2, p. 115-121, 1976. 3 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Animal wastes,
Moisture, Salinity, Crop response
A pot experiment was conducted to study the
effect of amendments of vermiculate and
farmyard manure (FYM) to sand on the
growth and ion accumulation in ba/ra grown
with tap-water and diluted sea water of 20,000
ppm. The degree of salt accumulation as a
result of these treatments was also determined.
Application of vermiculate and FYM increas-
ed the moisture content in the substrate
compared to only sand without such amend-
ments. Growth of ba/ra was improved in the
salinity treatments when the sand contained
FYM singly or in combination with Vermicu-
late. But accumulation of minerals in the
different plant parts was higher when
irrigated with sea water and the effect was
more pronounced in the treatment with
vermiculate and FYM combination to sand.
(Abraham-Central Salt &. Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Bhavnagar)
Anonymous
The Ada Sunday News, No. 166 (75th year), p.
16A, Sept. 24, 1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Design, Confinement, Drying,
Bedding, Livestock wastes, Wind, Sunlight
Oklahoma State agricultural engineer George
Mahoney says that if manure could be dried In
place within livestock confinement shelters,
comfortable bedding conditions could be
created for livestock. Expensive waste hand-
ling methods could thus be reduced or
eliminated. This could best be accomplished
through optimal conditions resulting from
best use of sunshine and air movements inside
the shelter. To determine optimum building
shape, Mahoney Initiated an Oklahoma
Agricultural Experiment Station study using a
smoke chamber to visually record the effects
of wind moving through small plastic models
of louvered buildings. Thirty-six models were
scaled down to 1120 the size of an actual
building and used for study of the effects of
wind and sunlight. Three basic shapes of
buildings were tested a standard gable
roofed building with louvers halfway on the
south slope; a building with the ridge
one-third of the way back from the front
opening, creating a shelter with a longer 312
roof in the rear and 612 louvered roof in front;
and a building with a ridge one-fourth back,
with a rear of 312 and a front slope of 912. It
was assumed that the open fronts would face
south, with the roof vents kept parallel to the
sun's elevation. (Merryman-East Central)
5235-A8, C2
227
-------
RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF
PHOSPHORUS FROM SOME
ORGANIC MANURES AND
PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS IN A
LETERITIC SOIL
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and
Soil Science, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidya-
peeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar, India
A.R. Bangar and T.L. Deshpande
Research Journal of Mahatma Phule Agricul-
tural University, V. 6, p. 109-115,1975. 3 tab.,
12 ref.
Keywords: Phosphorus availability, Organic
wastes, Fertilizers
Release of phosphorus in an available form
from some concentrated and bulky organic
manures such as F.Y.M. (farmyard manure),
compost, fishmeal, meatmeal, bonemeal,
sterameal, groundnut cake and enriched
organic manure was studied in the laboratory
through mineralization studies in an acid soil
with a view to explore the possibility of
utilizing these comparatively cheaper sources
of phosphorus in comparison with the super-
phosphate. The results of the experiment led
to the followina conclusions. (1) The availa-
bility of phosphate in an inorganic 'P' carrier
i.e. superphosphate was found to be the
highest amongst all the treatments. (2)
Enriched organic manure was slightly inferior
to superphosphate in mineralization of phos-
phate, (3) the mineralization rate of phosphor-
us in groundnut cake was highest among the
other organic 'P' carriers. (4) Fishmeal and
meatmeal were found to be similar so far as
mineralization of phosphorus in the soil is
concerned. These were, however, inferior to
groundnut cake. (5) Sterameal and bonemeal
were slightly inferior to fishmeal and meat-
meal but sterameal was as good as bonemeal
for availability of phosphorus. (6) The F.Y.M.
and compost were found to be very poor
sources of phosphate. The mineralization rate
of phosphorus was found to be the lowest in
comparison with other 'P' carriers. (7) By
addition of phosphate through super along
with the nitrogen, the total availability of
phosphorus increased than with the super-
phosphate alone. (8) The availability of
phosphate from ammonium sulphate was
more than the control. (Banger-Mahatma
Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth)
5236-B1, B5, C2, E2
MANURE SPREADING BUILDS
SOIL AND PROFITS
Anonymous
Wyoming Stockman Farmer, p 61 Oct
1978.
Keywords: Animal wastes, Economics, Fertil-
izers, Land spreading, Trace elements
John Furry, product manager for spreaders at
Sperry New Holland, discusses the benefits of
returning manure to the land. He says that
research has shown even higher crop yields
where manure was added after the land had
already gotten as much chemical fertilizer as
the crop could use. Manured land also seems
to hold water better for droughty periods.
Manuring the land is an easy way of stalling
off micro-nutrient fertilizer deficiencies be-
cause most of the plant food nutrients,
including trace elements, can go back to the
land in the manure Besides fertilizer savings
to be gained, land spreading of manure is also
cheaper than most other disposal alternatives.
(Merryman-East Central)
5237-A8
THE CONCENTRATION OF LI-
QUID MANURE AFFECTS ITS
INFILTRATION INTO SOIL
Department of Agricultural Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802
W.R. DeTar
Paper No. 77-2060, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, North Carolina State
University, June 26-29, 1977, 41 p. 20 fig., 8
tab., 12 ref.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Dairy wastes, Soil
types, Infiltration, Temperature, Hydraulic
conductivity, Sealing, Soil mechanics, Earth-
en impoundments
Liquid dairy manure was used in groups of
double-ring infiltrometers in the field of 4
different subsoils. Concentration was found to
be more important than type of soil.
Infiltration went down sharply with rise in
temperature. The procedure permits determi-
nation of the impedance of the sealing layer
and also provides the relationship between
hydraulic conductivity and matric suction in
the coil under the sealing layer. (DeTar
Pennsylvania State University)
5238-B2, B4, E2
USE OF CLIMATIC DATA IN
ESTIMATING STORAGE DAYS
FOR SOILS TREATMENT SYS-
TEMS
National Climatic Center, Asheville, NC
S.M. Whiting and R.E. Thomas
Paper No. 77-4064, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Annual Meet-
ing, North Carolina State University, June
26-29, 1977, 25 p. 12 fig., 3 ref.
Keywords: Climates, Waste storage, Land
application, Computer programs
Prolonged wet spells, snow and cold can be
constraints to some land application systems.
An estimate of the number of days that
storage of wastewater may be expected can be
provided by the analysis of 25 to 30 years of
daily climatological data. Two computer
programs are discussed that estimate storage
for wet and cold regions. (Whiting-National
Climatic Center)
5239-A6, Bl, C2
MEASUREMENT OF ODOUR
INTENSITY IN FARMING SITUA-
TIONS
Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Great
Britain
T.A. Dorlina
Agriculture and Environment, V 3 No 2-3
p. 109-120, June, 1977. 2 fig., 7 tab'., 37 ret.'
Keywords: Odor measurement, Chemical
properties, Threshold Dilution Value
Techniques employed for odor intensity
measurements are described and examples of
levels which have been found in farming
operations are discussed. Chemical analysis
can provide useful data but, of themselves,
only provide a measure of the concentration of
the various chemical species present and
cannot indicate whether any single constituent
or the whole mixture possesses an objection-
able odor. Consequently, we have to rely upon
direct methods of odor intensity assessment
which are independent of a knowledge of the
chemical species present. The ultimate sens-
ing device is the nose and direct methods for
odor assessment which depend upon the
subjective judgement of a panel of human
observers. Such measurements are obtained
by presenting to the panel samples of odorous
air which have been diluted with odor-free air
to different degrees until a range of dilutions
is obtained corresponding to a positive
response varying from 0 to 100%. The
Threshold Dilution Value, the dilution at
which a person can just perceive an odor, is
taken as the dilution corresponding to a 50%
positive response. This value is a reproducible
characteristic of the sample and is a semi-
quantitative measure of the odor intensity at
the source. The principal methods used to
prepare and present diluted samples to the
observer are: the odor room, the ASTM
syringe method, and the dynamic dilution
method. It is hoped that, eventually, correla-
tions between chemical composition and the
directly determined intensity will be estab-
lished so that instrumental monitoring will be
possible. (Merryman-East Central)
5240-A6, Bl, C2
SAMPLING, CHARACTERISA-
TION AND ANAYLYSIS OF
MALODOURS
Central Institute for Nutrition and Food
Research (CIVO) TNO, Zeist (The Nether-
lands
J. Schaefer
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 121-128, June, 1977. 2 fig., 2 tab.
Keywords: Odor, Swine wastes, Poultry
wastes, Confinement, Gas chromatography
Volatiles
An investigation was conducted with the
purpose of developing an instrumental meth-
od for measuring malodors emitted by
confinement swine buildings. Manure was
considered to be the main source of odor.
Consequently, volatile components of manure
were extracted and analyzed by gas chroma-
tography. These included: indole, skatole,
phenol, p-cresol, acetic acid, proplonic acid,
i-butyric acid, n-butyric acid, i-valeric acid,
n-valeric acid, NH-^ , H ^ S, methanethlol,
daicetyl, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, but-
yraldehyde, valeraldehyde, acrolein, and cro-
ton aldehyde. In the ventilation air of swine
confinement buildings, the volatile compo-
nents identified above are not all present in
measurable amounts due to low concentra-
tions, low vapor pressure, or decomposition of
components In air. Components that are
present in distinctly measurable amounts
include phenol, p-cresol, and the carboxylic
acids C i_ -C 3 . After comparative
measurements of the stench components in
the ventilation air of 17 swine buildings, It was
evident that their proportion was constant
within reasonable limits. In another Investiga-
tion, the concentration of stench components
in 20 swine confinement buildings was
determined by gas chromatography and the
intensity of the odor of the ventilation air was
measured by a panel of 16 persons. Investiga-
tion of stench components of poultry houses
has revealed the volatiles of the manure to be
very similar to those of swine manure, similar
in proportion but lower In concentration
(Merryman-East Central)
228
-------
5241-A6, Bl, C2, D2
CHARACTERIZATION OF 0-
DORS AND OTHER VOLATILE
EMISSIONS
Agriculture Engineering Department, Oregon
State University, Corvallls, Oregon
J.R. Miner
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 129-138, June, 1977. 12 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Volatile gases,
Ammonia, Legal aspects
Psychological aspects of odor evaluation
compound the difficulties in making objective
measurements of either odor strength or odor
quality. Data indicate that the total odor
created may not be just the simple summation
of Individual contributing chemicals, but that
extensive interaction may be occurring which
creates the odor. Forty-five odorous com-
pounds have been identified to date in
odorous air from animal waste degradation.
Amines, mercaptans, organic acids, and
heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are general-
ly regarded as being of greatest odor
significance. Existing chemical techniques for
measuring the concentrations of odorous
compounds are not always sensitive enough to
identify offending odorous compounds. Ex-
tensive modification of traditional analytical
techniques is needed. Although certain odor-
ous gases are toxic to humans and animals,
the primary concern is one of annoyance or
nuisance to humans. Rules and regulations
relative to livestock odors are based primarily
on the concept of nuisance. Ammonia is the
most widely studied odorous gas being
evolved by anaerobic manure decomposition,
partially because of its potential for reabsorp-
tion by nearby water bodies which can lead to
aquatic enrichment. There are several odor
control chemicals being sold for odor reduc-
tion or masking. Their performances have
received only limited study and the published
results are highly variable. (Merryman-East
Central)
5242-A6, A7, Bl, C2
A METHOD FOR SAMPLING AIR
IN ANIMAL HOUSES TO ANA-
LYSE TRACE GASES INCLUDING
ODORANTS WITH THE GAS
CHROMATOGRAPH
Tierarztliche Hochschule, Hannover (Federal
Republic of Germany)
J. Hartung and H.G. Hilliger
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 139-146, June, 1977. 6 fig., 2 ref.
Keywords: Trace gases, Air pollution, Odor,
Gas chromatography, Temperature gradient
tube, Swine wastes, Sulfur, Housing
Because there is no accepted procedure for
sampling trace gases, the use of the
temperature gradient tube was investigated in
swine buildings. The temperature gradient is
built up by liquid nitrogen. In the laboratory
the sample is expelled by heat desorption and
nitrogen carrier gas from the tube into the
deep cooled column and analyzed in a gas
chromatograph equipped with deep tempera-
ture program. Using two detectors (FID, FPD)
simultaneously, two different chromatograms
are received simultaneously. The chromato-
gram of the FID is considered as a
"Fingerprint". The FPD related to sulphur
compounds. The objective is to find a
relationship between the total area (or single
peaks) of the FID-chromatogram and direct
sensory evaluation and possibly a correlation
between Isolated peaks, especially of sulphur
compounds, and the different forms of swine
housing. (Merryman-East Central)
5243-A6, B2, B4, Cl, C2
CHARACTERIZATION OF MALO-
DOURS DURING ANAEROBIC
STORAGE OF PIG WASTES
Station de Recherches sur I'Elevage des
Pores, I.N.R.A. 78350-Jouy-en-Josas (France)
J.L. Roustan, A. Aumaitre, and E. Salmon-
Legagneur
Agriculture and Environment, V.3, No. 2-3, p.
147-157, June, 1977. 3 fig., 4 tab., 22 ref.
Keywords: Waste storage, Swine wastes,
Slurries, Odor, Anaerobic, Waste composi-
tion, Dry matter, Volatile Fatty Acids,
Nitrogen, Slurries, Measurement
This study was conducted to design and test
analytical methods for measuring quantita-
tively the major malodorous components in
animal manure. Samples of swine manure
were taken. Analyses were performed for
determining dry matter, Volatile Fatty Acids,
and nitrogenous compounds. Preliminary
results revealed a mineralization process
during anaerobic storage which increased
ammonia content. Degradation of the carbon-
aceous matter in the manure led to an increase
in Volatile Fatty Acid content. The dry matter
content of the slurries appeared to play a
special role in the accumulation nf odorous
components during storage. Studies need to
be undertaken to determine the role of various
manure components in perceived odor, espec-
ially during spreading which leads to disper-
sion of the manure and which might favor the
evolving of some types of compounds.
(Merryman-East Central)
5244-A6, Bl, C2
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF
AIR IN PIG HOUSES
Rijksstation voor Landbouwtechniek, Burge-
meesters Van Gansberghelaan 115, B9220
F. Lunn and J. Van De Vyver
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 159-169, June, 1977. 5 fig., 2 tab., 31 ref.
Keywords: Odor, Swine wastes, Spectro-
photometry, Gas chromatography, Ammonia,
Skatole
Research was started in 1975 to develop a
means of evaluating odor nuisance. The first
investigations utilized MSA (Drager) tubes
and spectrophotometric techniques. Deter-
minations with the MSA tubes were neither
selective nor sensitive. Spectrophotometric
techniques were used for determining am-
monia and skatole. For the latter the lower
limit of detection was too high. Gas chromato-
graphy was also used for evaluating odor in
piggeries. Sampling was accomplished with a
gas pipet Later, the sample was adsorbed on
Tenex G.C., active charcoal or absorbed in a
suitable medium. Future work will include the
use of several other column packings, longer
columns, the use of other techiques prior to
gas chromatography (cold trap technique) and
the application of the flame photometric
detector for sulphur components Further
research will also be done using the gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry combina-
tion to Identify the components. (Merryman-
East Central)
5245-A6, B2, B4, Cl, E2
ODOURS ARISING FROM THE
LAND-SPREADING OF PIG SLUR-
RY
An Foras Taluntais, Johnstown Castle Re-
search Centre, Wexford (Ireland)
D. McGrath
Agriculture andEnvironment, V. 3, No. 2-3, p.
171-182, June, 1977. 3 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Land application, Swine wastes,
Slurries, Odor
A study was conducted with the purpose of
formulating the best practice for
land-spreading animal wastes. It was deter-
mined that a number of factors influence the
intensity of odor from land-spread slurry: (1)
Length of storage—There is a period of
between one and two weeks after voiding
when the slurry is most obnoxious. (2) Odor is
related to strength of slurry. Consequently,
watered slurry can be spread with more
impunity than undiluted slurry. (3) Additives
have no significant effect on smell. (4)
Spreading on ploughed land will not reduce
odor although soil incorporation virtually
eliminates odor. (5) In the period after
spreading, rain and wmdrun (both of which
have time as a component but are not
themselves related) have a strong influence on
the loss of smell. About 5 mm of rainfall will
reduce odor considerably. (6) Certain meteor-
ological conditions are known to accentuate
velocity and litter turbulence. (Merryman-
East Central)
5246-A6, B2, B4, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
ODOUR CONTROL OF LIQUID
SWINE MANURE BY AERATION
Rijks Agrarisch Afvalwaterdienst, Arnhem
(The Netherlands)
K.W. Van Der Hoek
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 183-188, June, 1977. 1 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Waste storage, Swine wastes,
Aeration, Odor control, Waste composition,
Energy consumption, Nitrogen
An aerated storage basin, a system commonly
used in Holland, is described. The need to
minimize the high energy-consumption with-
out causing odor complaints and the need to
minimize nitrogen losses while utilizing such a
system are discussed. A calculation of the
composition of liquid swine manure is
presented. (Merryman-East Central)
5247-A6, B2, B4, C2, Dl, D3, E2,
Fl
FRENCH EXPERIMENT IN PIG
SLURRY DEODORIZATION
Ministere de I'Agnculture, (C.T.G.R.E.F.)
Division Qualite Des Eaux, Peche et Pisicul-
ture, 14 Avenue de Saint-Mande, 75012 Paris
(France)
229
-------
B. Lefevre
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 189-195, June, 1977. Stab.
Keywords: Odor control, Swine wastes,
Slurries, Land application, Aeration, Costs,
Ttiermophilic, Filter towers, Separation tech-
niques, Waste compositon
Two kinds of systems of stabilization and
deodorization of swine slurry before spreading
were studied — slurry aeration with a floating
surface aerator (aerated-storage process) and
aerobic thermophilic stabilization (Licom pro-
cess). Tabulated material indicates the effects
and costs of each of these 2 kinds of
treatment. The quality of the output products
was observed for various settings of the
aeration. In the second phase of the study, the
following types of aerated storage installa-
tions were constructed in order to demon-
strate their efficiency to farmers-aerated
storage without pretreatment; aerated storage
by circulation through filter towers after
separation; aerobic, thermophilic stabilization
separation; aerobic, thermophilic stabiliza-
tion, with or without separations. This phase
of study has not yet been completed. Study
results thus far have been fairly good
concerning deodorization during storage and
spreading. Occurrence of an accumulation of
anaerobic sludge in the storage tank is one of
the most common problems encountered in
the experiments. The aeration system should
meet two main conditions—sufficient supply of
oxygen and sufficient stirring power. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5248-A6, B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D3
VEAL-CALF MANURE DEODOR-
IZATION BY SURFACE AERA-
TION
Union des Cooperatives agricoles d'Alimenta-
tion du Betail, B.P. 75-02400 Chateau-Thierry
(France)
A. Weil and C.R. Bernard
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 197-206, June, 1977. 9 tab., 3 fig.
Keywords: Odor control, Cattle wastes,
Aeration, Waste composition, Slurries
Because veal-calf breeding is concentrated in
some West European countries, resulting
manure odor has caused nuisance problems.
The deodorization of such wastes by surface
aeration was investigated. In this study, the
manure was produced in two 120 cubicle barns
(the animals were raised in 20 or 60 lots from
40 to 170 kg). The dejections were daily
evacuated by a water gush and by a hand
scrapper. The consumed washing water was
recorded and the produced slurry was
collected in one 10 m3 reception pit. A
representative sample of slurry was taken
weekly. Samples were analyzed for dry
matter, ash, total nitrogen, ammonia, phos-
phorus, calcium, potassium, pH, BODS, COD,
and suspended solids. An Alfa-Laval Centrira-
tor was chosen for deodorization. It was found
that veal calves have a daily manure
production from 5-11% of their live weight.
This manure is relatively low in dry matter
and value as a fertilizing agent. Agronomical
value fluctuates according to water dilution.
Average daily pollution of a calf bred to 170 kg
is 90 g for BOD and 200 g for COD. It proved
better to process large volumes at the end of
the storage time rather than processing
progressively according to the manure pro-
duction. (Merryman-East Central)
5249-A6, Bl, C2, Dl, D2, D3
TECHNIQUES AND COSTS RE-
LATING TO ODOUR CONTROL
Ingenieurau C.N.E.E.M.A., Pare de Tourvoie
92160 Antony (France)
J. Vasseur
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 207-216, June, 1977. 6 fig.
Keywords: Odor control, Slurries, Chemical
treatment, Physical treatment, Biological
treatment, Chemical oxygen demand, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand
The various techniques of slurry processing
and odor reduction are discussed. Slurry
processing methods include: application of
deodorizing chemicals, injection, aerated
storage combined with other techniques such
as screening or flocculation, anaerobic treat-
ment, physical and chemical processing,
composting, dehydration, and recycling for
feed. Odor control methods include: ozoniza-
tion, chemical deodorization, washing of
released air, absorbing filters, electrostatic
filters, ventilation. For normal rearing condi-
tions in France, cheap technical solutions to
odor control must be available. The environ-
mental problem requires a technical solution
before legislation can work. (Merryman-East
Central)
5250-A6, Bl, D3, F3
ODOUR CONTROL WITH BIOLO-
GICAL AIR WASHERS
I MAG Wageningen (The Netherlands)
M.A. Van Geelen and K.W. Van Der Hoek
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 217-222, June, 1977. 1 fig., 1 tab., 8 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Air scrubbing,
Design
A description is given of a biological air
washer, types of packing material used,
circulation pumps, and water distribution.
Installation of such air-scrubbers in the
ventilation of the exhaust system on livestock
and poultry farms can eliminate dust in the air
and can reduce odor. Two types of air washers
are available. Those working on the
cross-current principle draw air into
the washer on the sides, while the water
flowing from top to bottom keeps the packing
material wet. Those working on the
counter-current principle draw air In at the
bottom of the washer, while the water flows
through the packing material in the opposite
direction. Types of packing material, circula-
tion pumps and water distribution are
described. Some of the theoretical aspects of
water consumption and the mechanism of the
air washer are discussed, together with a cost
study. The wash-water contains nitrite and
nitrate as a result of biological activity. Future
research should be concerned with: (1)
Comparison of different packing materials
with respect to odor reduction and price. (2)
Comparison of different flows of wash-water
with respect to odor reduction and energy
consumption of the pump. (3) Improvement of
the wash-water distribution system in order to
get a correct wetted cross-sectional area, and
(4) How much wash-water has to be dis-
charged to maintain a good working air
washer. (Merryman-East Central)
5251-A6, D3
ODOUR REMOVAL FROM THE
EXHAUST AIR OF ANIMAL
SHELTERS
KTBL Bartnlngstrasse 49, D-6100 Darm-
stadt-Kranichstein (Federal Republic of Ger-
many)
S. Schirz
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 223-228, June, 1977. 1 fig., 2 tab., 1 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Confinement, Air
scrubbers, Costs, Design
In agriculture, the only process suitable for
odor removal from exhaust air from confine-
ment housing is gas washing. Problems often
accompanying such an odor abatement system
include: excessive total cost, maintenance
problems, and variability of the efficiency
according to the rate of stocking. Design and
design changes for air scrubbing in the study
ending in 1974 are outlined. The author gives
complete design data for a standard foil
scrubber along with an extensive cost alloca-
tion. (Merryman-East Central)
5252-A6, All, Bl, D2, Fl
DEODORIZATION BY MEANS OF
OZONE
Rijksstation voor Landbcuwtechniek, Merel-
beke (Belgium)
R. Priem
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 229-240, June, 1977. 2 fig., 4 tab.
Keywords: Odor control, Ozone, Swine
wastes, Animal health, Confinement, Per-
formance, Economics
Tests were conducted to determine the
influence of ozone on odor Intensity inside a
piggery, as well as on the state of swine
health and performance. With each experi-
ment, a comparison was made of the
atmospheres inside a treated and a
non-treated piggery. Daily growth and feed
efficiencies of some pigs from both sites were
noted. This increase in performance largely
paid for the costs of the ozone production.
There were indications of a (small) increase In
the performances of the swine in the
ozone-treated sites. Because ozone is poten-
tially dangerous, concentrations should be
kept low and should be monitored. (Merryman
East Central)
5253-A1, Bl, F2
DANISH RULES AND REGULA-
TIONS RELATED TO ENVIRON-
MENTAL PROTECTION
Danish Building Research Institute Horsholm
(Denmark)
T. Huld
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 241-244, June, 1977.
Keywords: Legal aspects, Feedlots
The Danish Environmental Protection Act,
which became official on October 1, 1974, Is
an improvement over the earlier Sanitary
Regulations for Rural Municipalities. This act
provides that such enterprises as livestock
keeping cannot be established without ap-
proval. If necessary, the municipal council
may prohibit the continuation of an enterprise
or impose antipollutlon measures. The Danish
Environmental Protection Act Imposes es-
tablished minimum distances between llve-
230
-------
stock and waste facilities and the boundaries
of neighbors. Only one enterprise has had to
closedown In the last five years. (Merryman-
East Central)
5254-A6, Bl, F2
U.K. PROBLEMS AND LEGISLA-
TION RELATING TO ODOUR
CONTROL
Divisional Surveyor, Agricultural Develop-
ment and Advisory Service, Block 2, Govern-
ment Buildings, Gabalfa, Cardiff CF4 4YH
(Great Britain)
K.B.C. Jones
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 245-257, June, 1977. 3 tab.
Keywords: Odor control, Legal aspects
While there is no comprehensive law relating
to odor control that applies to the whole of the
United Kingdom, it would seem that for
England, and Wales the statute Law (e-
specially the Public Health Act and its by-law)
offer some possibilities for legal action with
regard to odor pollution. England and
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were
surveyed concerning odor or nuisance com-
plaints arising from agricultural complaints.
This survey was conducted in January, 1976
by the Environmental Health Officers Asso-
ciation. Salient points from the survey data
included: (1) The incidence of prosecutions
and convictions for odor offenses in the United
Kingdom are very low. (2) A majority of
Councils stated that the farm odor position is
not deteriorating. (3) Spray irrigation of liquid
effluent received adverse comment from many
areas. Irrigation by both tanker and pipeline
were mentioned. (4) Most authorities suggest-
ed that occasional odors were more acceptable
than continuous ones. (5) Most authorities felt
that the correct place for animal manures was
agricultural land. It was implied that pollution
control was best exercised by higher stand-
ards of housekeeping, the avoidance of
accidents and correct design, operation and
siting of livestock buildings. (6) Some author-
ities, particularly in Scotland, suggested that
the existing legislation with regard to actions
in the Courts was difficult to enforce. (7) The
general consensus seemed to be that persua-
sion and voluntary cooperation was a better
method of achieving success than the imposi-
tion of punitive legal sanctions. Legislation for
Scotland and Northern Ireland is closely allied
to that of England and Wales. (Merryman-
East Central)
to store manure on his farm. The Public
Health Officer may impose further conditions
to control bad odors. Local police regulations
may also regulate a farmer's activities.
Aeration of swine and poultry manure before
spreading it on to the land can help prevent
odor. Soil injection, drying of manure In laying
hen houses, and proper ventilation may also
assist in odor abatement. (Merryman-East
Central)
5256-A6, F2
FRENCH REGULATIONS CON-
CERNING ODORS
Service de I'Environnement Industriel, Mini-
stere de la Qualite de la Vie, Neuilly/Selne
(France)
J.P. Vellaud
Agricul'jre and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 265-268, June, 1977.
Keywords: Odor, Regulation, Legal aspects
The French parliament is studying a project to
update legislation dating back to 1917. All
livestock will be covered by this law as one of
the most important innovations of the project.
This law will apply to all activities which can
potentially cause pollution — agricultural,
industrial, commercial, etc. The activities
covered by this law are detailed in a
nomenclature which consists of an alphabetic
list. Some livestock is included in this list and
is covered by the law if the number of animals
is above a certain limit. The activities covered
by the law are classified into law groups:
those whose construction or enlargement need
simply be declared to the Prefect; those
which fall under the jurisdiction of the Prefect.
For activities which present the most risk of
pollution for the environment, the Prefect
stipulates specific conditions that must be
respected when work starts. The new regula-
tion concerns all types of pollution resulting
from an activity, i.e., water pollution, atmos-
pheric pollution (dust, odors, smoke), noise,
explosions. In each department, a body of
inspectors has the responsibility of auditing
authorizations and can propose penalities if it
is necessary. The Departmental Sanitary
Regulations cover all the other activities
which are not covered by the legislation
concerning classified establishments, which
means that, if necessary, legislation Is ready
to cope with the odor problem. (Merryman-
East Central)
water and air pollution. The stock-breeder will
find in each of these 3 types of legislation a
corresponding permission regulation which he
may need for the construction and exploitation
of his enterprise. These three corresponding
permissions are the building-license, the
exploitation license and the discharge license.
(Merryman-East Central)
5258-A6, Bl, Dl, D3, E2
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE U.K.
INTO METHODS OF ODOUR
CONTROL FOR FARMS
Farm Buildings Department, National Insti-
tute of Agricultural Engineering, Silsoe,
Bedford (Great Britain)
J.C. Hawkins
Agriculture and Environment, V.3, No. 2-3, p.
277-286, June, 1977. 2 fig., 17 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Separation techni-
ques, Slurries, Confinement buildings, Com-
posting, Aeration, Dehydration, Flushing,
Ventilation
Investigations were undertaken in the United
Kingdom to reduce the odor of stored slurry
when it is mixed, transported and spread on
land and to reduce odors in and around
livestock buildings. It was found that mechan-
ical separation of slurry permits composting of
the solid fraction and land application of the
liquid fraction with less risk of odor nuisance.
Aeration or dilute stored slurries can also
reduce odor. Partial treatment of slurry in
conventional aerobic treatment plants has
produced wet sludges which can be spread on
land without odor problems Pilot scale
experiments have indicated that odor in and
around livestock buildings can be achieved by
a complete waste treatment system, incorpor-
ating separation, aerobic treatment and
sludge de-watering. Linkage of the ventilation
and waste treatment systems would allow
most of the waste to be converted to odorless
solids while the exhaust ventilating air could
be scrubbed to remove dust and odor.
Flushing of channels under slats to remove
slurry from confinement buildings prevents
anaerobic conditions from developing within
buildings and reduces offensive smells. In
experimenting with drying poultry manure, a
major problem with artificial drying has been
the control of odor from the exhaust gases of
manure driers. Effective drying which reduces
odor in and around poultry buildings can be
achieved by in-house drying using waste heat
from the birds. (Merryman-East Central)
S255-A6, Bl, F2
ODOUR PROBLEMS AND ODOUR
CONTROL IN INTENSIVE LIVE-
STOCK HUSBANDRY FARMS IN
THE NETHERLANDS
Instituteof Agricultural Engineering, Wagen-
ingen (The Netherlands)
A.A. Jongebreur
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 259-264, June, 1977. 2 tab.
Keywords: Odor control, Legal aspects, Live-
stock, Poultry
In the Netherlands, The Public Nuisance Act
requires the livestock farmer to have a permit
5257-A7, F2
BELGIAN LEGISLATION CON-
CERNING THE BUILDING AND
EXPLOITATION OF STOCK-
FARMS
Management for Agricultural Engineering,
Ministry for Agriculture, Brussels (Belgium)
A. Van Der Voorde
Agriculture and Emu'onment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 269-274, June, 1977.
Keywords. Air pollution, Legal aspects
Three kinds of legislation are differentiated in
Belgium — legislation concerning town and
country planning; legislation concerning dan-
gerous, unhealthy and inconvenient establi«h-
ments, and legislation recently adopted as
so-called environmental laws, concerning
5259-A6, Bl
DISPERSION OF ODORS IN THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PIG
HOUSES
Central Technical Institute TNO -- Apeldoorn
(Holland)
B. Stork
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 287-296, June, 1977. 4 fig., 3 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Odor, Swine, Confinement, Model
studies, Design
The dispersion model presented gave a fairly
good description of the dispersion of odors
emitted by swine houses. According to
calculations, it seems worthwhile to build a
swine house so that the nearest neighbor faces
231
-------
it lengthwise. The model described can aid in
calculating the effect of emission reductions
and chimneys. It appears that chimneys of
about 10-15 cm can be a good solution to odor
problems caused in swine houses. It is
advisable to perform experiments on a
practical scale to prove this, however. More
information is needed concerning distances
where swine houses do not cause a nuisance.
When these distances are known, necessary
emission abatement measures can be calcul-
ated more easily. (Merryman-East Central)
5260-A6, Bl
THE DUTCH RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM ON ODOR CONTROL
Mmisterie van Landbouw en Visserij, Rijks
Agrarische Afvalwaterdienst, Kemperberger-
weg 67, Arnhem (The Netherlands)
J.H. Voorburg
Agriculture and Environment, V. 3, No. 2-3,
p. 297-302, June, 1977. 2 fig.
Keywords: Odor control, Model studies
The following 3 models were developed: (1) a
model for production and emission of smells:
(2) a model of transport and dispersion of
smells from the emission point: and (3) a
model of the immission of bad odors, that can
possibly be calculated from models (1) and (2).
The 2 main sources of bad odors in stables are
the manure and the animals. The following
factors influence the transport and dispersion
of odors around stables, manure pits or fields
where manure is spread: (a) ventilation
system, (b) distance, (c) weather conditions,
and (d) obstacles like windscreens, walls and
buildings If models of odor emission,
transport and dispersion are available, the
odor immission at any point in the neighbor-
hood can be calculated. In cooperation with
legislators, some rules should be made
concerning the maximum allowable immis-
sion. From this maximum immission, the
maximum emission can be calculated. A
special problem in regions where many
livestock farms are concentrated is the ac-
cumulation of bad odors from different
sources. (Merryman-East Central)
5261-A 11, B3, C2, D3, E3
A NOTE ON THE FERMENTA-
TIVE CHANGES OF DIETS PRE-
PARED WEEKLY WITH MA-
NURE SILAGE AND FINAL MO-
LASSES FOR GROWING CHICK-
ENS
Institute de Ciencia Animal, Apartado 24, San
Jose de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba
C. Hardy, O. Romero and A. Elias
Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 11,
No. 1, p. 91-95, 1977. 3 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Refeeding, Silages, Cattle wastes,
Poultry, Fermentation, Performance
1. A study was made of the fermentative
changes that took place in twelve diets
prepared weekly, with four substitution levels
of maize by manure silage (15, 30, 45, and
60% of the diet) containing three proportions
of manure and molasses (80:20; 60:40 and
40:60, respectively) and 2% urea. 2. Changes
in all of the fermentative indices, as well as a
tendency for the pH to increase at the 15%
substitution levels were observed. 3. The
possibility of preparing the diets weekly with
manure silage is suggested. (Hardy-lnstituto
de Ciencia Animal)
5262-C2
PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC MA-
NURES: I. FRACTIONATION OF
DIFFERENT FORMS OF PHOS-
PHORUS
Chemistry College of Agriculture, Dhulia,
India
P.L. Narkhede and T.L. Deshpande
Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth Research Jour-
nal, V. 2, No. 2, p. 103-109, 1974. 2 fig., 3
tab., 8 ret.
Keywords: Phosphorus, Fractionation, Or-
ganic wastes
To investigate the nature of different forms of
phosphorus and to determine their relative
proportions in various organic manures,
twenty-two organic manures of animal, ve-
getable and animal and vegetable origin were
analysed. Fractionation studies included the
determination of phospholipid phosphorus
(easily available), phytin phosphorus, inor-
ganic phosphorus (difficulty available), phos-
phorus in other organic forms and nucleic acid
phosphorus. It was observed that in general,
various oil cakes contain the major portion of
their total phosphorus in the organic forms.
The manures of animal origin such as
fish-meal, hair-meal, poultry manure and
manures of vegetable and animal origin such
as farm-yard manure and compost contain a
greater proportion of their total phosphorus in
inorganic form as compared to oil-cakes.
(Narkhede-Chemistry College of Agriculture)
5263-All, B3, C2, E2
DPE NITROGEN SOURCE FOR
GROWING LAMBS
Anonymous
Poultry Tribune, V. 84, No. 9, p. 26D, Sept.,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry wastes-dried, Poultry lit-
ter, Nitrogen, Sheep, Performance
USDA animal -scientist Lewis W. Smith
conducted 2 experiments at the Beltsville
Agricultural Research Center in Maryland in
which soybean meal, urea, dehydrated poultry
excreta, and broiler litter were compared as
nitrogen sources for lambs. These sources
provided 35, 26, 32, and 36 percent,
respectively, of the total dietary nitrogen In
complete pelleted feed. Each diet was
individually fed to 5 lambs. In the first
experiment, lambs gained an average of 282
grams per day, had a feed conversion ratio of
5.2 kilograms of feed to 1 kilogram of weight
gain and dry matter intake of 1.4
kilograms/day in the second experiment,
lambs on the diets containing poultry excreta
and broiler excreta and broiler litter gained
more weight per day, had higher dry matter
intakes, and better feed-to-gain ratios than
lambs on urea and soybean meal. (Merryman-
East Central)
5264-A11, C2, E3
WET POULTRY WASTE MAKES
BETTER FEED
Anonymous
Poultry Tribune, V. 84, No. 9, p. 32, Sept.,
1978.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Refeeding, Sheep,
Nitrogen, Digestibility
Victor Arvat and Joe Vandepopuliere, Univer-
sity of Missouri-Columbia poultry scientists,
tested dry versus wet poultry waste on sheep
and found the wet material was significantly
better in terms of nitrogen availability and
digestibility. They acknowledged that the dry
product is easier to ship and store, but they
felt that any producer who feeds the dry
product would have to supply a greater
amount to make up the lost protein (nitrogen).
(Merryman-East Central)
5265-Al, A6, All, A12, Bl, Cl,
C2, Dl, D2, D3, E2, E3, Fl
ANIMAL WASTES
E.P. Talganldes, editor
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, 429 p.
Keywords: Feedlots, Design, Effluents, Gas-
es, Odor, Animal wastes, Waste storage,
Separation techniques, Dehydration, La-
goons, Composting, Aeration, Pyrolysis, Hy-
drogenation, Refeeding, Land application,
Recycling, Economics
This book contains revised material based
upon papers presented at the Seminar on
Animal Wastes, organized jointly by the
Regional Office for Europe of the World
Health Organization and the Government of
the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, In co-
operation with the United Nations Develop-
ment Programme, held in Bratislava, Czech-
oslovakia. The technical, economic, and
environmental consideration of methods of
waste and wastewater handling, treatment,
disposal and utilization for nutrient and/or
energy recovery are discussed and evaluated.
The book provides practical reference for all
involved In every aspect of animal production.
In addition to waste management and
disposal, Information is provided on animal
feedlot development, layout and operation,
ventilation requirements of confinement ani-
mal units, and environmental health require-
ments. Leading authorities discuss animal
waste management and utilization In terms of
practical technology for immediate applica-
tion. (Merryman-East Central)
5266-A1, Bl, El
AGRICULTURE IN
SLOVAKIA
CZECHO-
First Deputy-Minister of Agriculture and Food
of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,
Prague, CSSR
E. Cakajda
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 3-10.
Keywords: Confinement, Animal wastes,
Waste disposal, Pollution
Czechoslovakia was instrumental In organiz-
ing this seminar because It wanted answers to
232
-------
the problems related to the processing and
utilization of excrements from large-capacity
animal production facilities. Expert opinion
was necessary. Czechoslovakia Is introducing
industrial modes of production in agriculture.
Cooperating activities are practiced both by
cooperatives and by state organizations.
Facilities with the following animal concentra-
tions are presently being built for animal
production: cows — 600-1200 head; calves —
1200 head; beef cattle - 1000 head; pigs- up
to 10,000 head; and hens - 150,000 birds.
Under Czechoslovak conditions (population
density 140/km* ), the possibility of a safe
system of excrement disposal Is a limiting
factor on further concentration, particularly in
pig production and also, to some degree, in
cattle breeding. Unfortunately the existing
systems do not fully guarantee the protection
of the environment. (Merryman-East Central)
5267-B1
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS: DEVELOP-
MENT, TRENDS, PROBLEMS
Vice-Minister, USSR Ministry of Agriculture
and Food, Moscow, USSR
B.A. Runov
Animal Wastes, Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 11-22. 1 tab., 6 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Waste management,
Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Sheep, Horses, Live-
stock wastes, Poultry wastss
The challenge to animal scientists, public
health officials, government policymakers and
engineers is to continue to strive for more food
from animals with less feed grains and
roughage, energy and land resources. Higher
efficiencies and good-quality products have
been achieved in animal feedlots, but econom-
ic waste management under environmentally
sound principles could limit progress in
achieving even higher plateaux of productivity
in animal feedlots. The author discusses
feedlot types and accompanying waste pro-
duction and waste handling procedures for
beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, poultry, sheep
and horses. (Merryman-East Central)
5268-B1
WORLD DEMAND FOR ANIMAL
PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN FOOD,
1970-2000
Agricultural Industries Officer, Food and
Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
W.H. Barreveld
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd , London, 1977, p. 23-39. 1 fig.,13 tab., 21
ref.
Keywords: Animal production, Protein,
Single-cell protein
The World Food Conference held in Novem-
ber, 1974 made it abundantly clear that
"increasing the rate of food production
substantially, especially in developing coun-
tries" is the number one priority to mankind
to meet the challenge of an explosive
population growth and the urgent need to
increase the quality of life. Out of approxi-
mately 4000 million people, 460 million are
actually starving, while 2000 million are badly
nourished. If people's preference for animal
protein products persists during the next few
decades, it is expected that under the
pressure of Increasing world demand for food
grains and fossil fuels, there will be a shift to
greater reliance on forages and agricultural
by-products for ruminant feeding on a
worldwide scale. The combination of grazing
and feedlotting only to improve the quality
and palatabillty of the meat with a minimum
amount of grain is expected to be the trend in
animal agriculture In the developed and
developing countries. Consequently, instead
of the divergence In production systems that
has emerged In the world with Its inherent
problematic Issues and consequences, there
will bean increasing tendency towards a more
uniform approach towards providing the world
with Its needed animal protein. The pooling of
potential feeding resources, manpower, tech-
nical skills and investment resources from
both the developing and the developed world
is needed to achieve this in the quickest and
most effective way. Tabulated material pro-
vides important Information concerning cur-
rent and projected protein production and
consumption in terms of countries assigned to
three economic levels. A table also projects
potential worldwide production and pilot
facilities for single-cell protein by 1980.
(Merryman-East Central)
5269-B1
CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES
FOR THE SELECTION OF ANI-
MAL FEEDLOT SITES
Professor of Civil Engineering, Institute of
Environmental Studies, University of Toronto.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
P.H. Jones
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 41-48. 1 tab., 15 ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Site selection
Such considerations as waste disposal, envi-
ronmental regulations, climate, topography,
and the use of surrounding land influence site
selection for feedlots. Traditonally animal
production facilities have been located in rural
areas. The author proposes 2 Innovative
arrangements which might reduce to a
minimum some of the problems associated
with site selection for intensive livestock
operations. The first Is an industrial city or
park setting. Advantages of this include: (1)
Access to substantial water supply to maintain
clean, odor-free operations. (2) Accessibility
of high-flow city sewer systems to transport
and dilute the animal wastes prior to
treatment in a municipal plant (If possible). (3)
Easy access for feed and market. Disadvan-
tages include: (1) Danger of noxious indus-
tries harming the livestock. (2) Loss of
nutrients in waste which should, from a
conservation viewpoint be recycled to the
land. (3) Possible problems of odors from
neighboring industries. (4) If city waste flow Is
low, possible expense of sewer surcharge
causing the cost of waste handling to Increase
rapidly. The second suggestion is an agri-
business park. This would be basically like an
industrial park but located in the rural
countryside. It presupposes the managed
location of mutually supportive agri-business
activities. Advantages of the agribusiness
park would be: (1) All people would be
agriculturally oriented and farm odors might
be less offensive to them. (2) The surrounding
land would be available for waste disposal. (3)
Potential for growing feed at minimum cost.
(4) Cooperative use of expensive capital
equipment rendering it more efficient. Dis-
advantages would be: (1) Difficult to assemble
such a large area of land without long-range
planning and government support. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5270-B1
LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF ANI-
MAL FEEDLOT STRUCTURES
AND EQUIPMENT
Professor of Agricultural Engineering, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
M.L. Esmay
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 49-72. 7 fig., 5 tab., 6
ref.
Keywords: Feedlots, Design, Poultry, Cattle,
Swine
The main purpose in planning the production
unit is to develop a structure which will
provide the type of environment needed for
optimum economic animal production and at
the same time provide good working condi-
tions for humans Management and engineer-
ing decisions to be made Include: (a) type of
confinement facilities — sheltered or unshel-
tered, warm or cold, and associated animal
space requirements; (b) type of shelter
construction - wood, stone, metal, or other
materials; (c) feed handling system — type of
storage bins, silo, (vertical or bunker),
mechanized conveyance of feed to animals or
do animals move to feed; (d) orientation of
facilities with respect to climatic factors and
access to roads; (e) layout to optimize traffic
patterns — animal traffic, feed, water and
materials transport, vehicle traffic in and out
of feedlot, and traffic pattern of workers; and
(f) waste disposal ~ storage, treatment, final
disposition, mode and handling. In making
decisions for the development of feedlot
structures, the planner is constrained by (a)
human health and safety considerations, not
only of workers but also of the consumers of
the animal products, (b) economic advantages
and disadvantages of each alternative, (c)
animal health and relative productivity under
alternative systems of production, and (d)
environmental pollution limits plus odor, dust
and insect nuisance considerations. All of
these items are discussed with reference to
such decison making for poultry, dairy cattle,
beef cattle, and swine. (Merryman-East
Central)
5271-B1, F2
MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING
ENVIRONMENT
Deputy Director, Czechoslovak Research
and Development Centre for Environmental
Pollution Control, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Z. Kobos
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 73-75.
Keywords: Pollution, Feedlots, Legal aspects,
Model studies
Utilization and disposal of wastes from
feedlots are certainly economic In nature, but
they are also of legal concern because of their
impact on the human and the living environ-
ment. Consequently, feedlot waste manage-
ment is not only a concern of agriculture but
also of all government agencies and opera-
tions. The main means by which we can
develop and protect the environment are:
planning, economic policies, legal and legisla-
tive measures, the utilization of science and
technology, public education, and programs
of research. Modelling and computer simula-
tion are being utilized more and more in
solving environmental problems. Two types of
models are mainly used to simulate the quality
233
-------
of the environment: (a) the balance models of
production and consumption wastes and (b)
environmental models. The balance model is a
mathematical function relating production
variables to the resulting sum of wastes.
Environmental models depict the Impact of
wastes (solid, liquid, gaseous, heat) on the
quality of the Individual components of the
environment. Environmental models may be
classified into (a) soil dispersion models, (b)
atmospheric dispersion models, (c) waterflow
quality models, and (d) ecosystem models.
(Merryman-East Central)
5272-A4, El, F2
EFFLUENT REGULATIONS FOR
ANIMAL FEEDLOTS IN THE USA
Director, Environmental Studies Program,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
B.C. Loehr and J.D. Denit
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 77-89. 1 fig., 3 tab., 8
ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Point sources,
Feedlots, Legal aspects
In the United States, recent changes in federal
water pollution control regulations have
become constraints which affect agricultural
production. This paper discusses such federal
regulations and how effluent limitations are
developed for point sources, it also describes
details of effluent limitations for animal
feedlots. The Water Quality Act of 1965
assigned the federal government a leading
role in the control of water pollution. In 1970
the national Environmental Protection Agency
was established and was given the responsi-
bility of integrating environmental quality
activities in a manner which minimizes
pollution. The Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act, as amended in 1972, contained the
first specific federal requirements for the
abatement of agriculturally related sources of
pollution. The Act stipulated that each state
must develop a waste management plan that
would incorporate Identification of agricul-
tural pollution sources and set forth feasible
procedures to control such sources. Similarly,
the 'source control' philosophy developed in
previous legislation was implemented by
requiring technology-based effluent limita-
tions in the control of point sources of waste
discharges from all industrial operations
including feedlots. The technology was to be
achieved at three levels of control — best
practical control technology currently avail-
able (8PCTCA); best available technology
economically achievable (BATEA) for existing
sources; and best available demonstrated
control technology (BADCT) for new sources.
The technology was to consider no discharge
as a possible limitation wherever technically
and economically feasible. Feedlots limita-
tions evolving from a 13-month study of the
feedlot industry included: (a) no discharge
except for the overflow from a specified storm
for BADCTA and BATEA for all feedlots and
BPCTCA for all feedlots except duck pro-
ducers; and (b) specific mass and concentra-
tion limits for BPCTCA for duck producers.
Limitations incorporated into regulations for
the feedlot industry are reasonable, are being
met by current feedlots, are consistent with
technical and economic capabilities of the
industry, and are within the Intent of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5273-A11, A12, Bl, El
IMPACT OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL
PRODUCTION ON HUMAN ECO-
LOGY
Veterinary Public Health Officer, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
K. Bogel
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 91-93.
Keywords: Feedlots, Epidemiology, Animal
health, Public health, Waste disposal
The trend towards mass production of food
animals (In some areas also of fur animals)
involves separation of the animal production
units from feed source and from waste
disposal areas. This can complicate epidemlo-
logical conditions and sometimes makes
measures of precaution and control very
difficult. In order to procure safe food and to
protect personnel of animal industries, vet-
erinary public health services in collaboration
with other disciplines have to watch carefully
over the whole production chain of feed,
animal food, by-products and wastes. Appro-
priate health services should be consulted
whenever sites for large animal feedlots are
planned or modified. It should be noted that a
number of infectious and non-infectious
contaminations have been found to be
particularly associated with feedlots. In some
areas the odor nuisance has restricted the
development of new production units because
the public objects to the odor of the animal
wastes. It Is essential to establish environ-
mental health guidelines based on a census of
animal production, type of landscape, number
and size of farms, number and species of
animals per feedlot in relation to its surface
area, percentage of dead animals, percentage
of inedible offal per slaughtered animal of the
various species, and effluents from slaughter-
houses. In some countries, detailed require-
ments for the land disposal of animal wastes
have been established. It is hoped that these
activities will lead to the formulation of
guidelines for country wide programs on dead
animal carcass and waste disposal. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5274-A4, A6, A8, All, A12, Bl,
Dl, D2, D3, E2
MANAGEMENT OF HYGIENIC
PROBLEMS IN LARGE ANIMAL
FEEDLOTS
Professor of Veterinary Hygiene, University of
Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Federal
Republic of Germany
D. Strauch
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 95-104. 1 fig.,2 tab., 12
ref.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Animal health,
Public health, Water pollution, Soil contamin-
ation. Chemical treatment, Physical treat-
ment, Biological treatment, Land application,
Chlorinatlon, Antibiotics, Odor
Hygienic problems involved in large animal
confinement feedlots include: (a) major pro-
blems in epidemiology of infectious diseases
and (b) major problems in environmental
health. Epidemiological problems involved in
large animal feedlots are closely associated
with those of animal waste disposal. Conven-
tional livestock units utilizing bedding do not
cause epidemiologlcal problems because if
proper management procedures are carried
out, dung heaps develop such high tempera-
tures as to destroy pathogens that may be
present. However, the liquid collection and
handling methods which are now so often
utilized do not have such spontaneous
generation of heat and thus constitute a threat
unless precautions are taken. Chemical disin-
fection, while effective, may be costly and
may cause damage to plants If disposed of on
land. Physical disinfection methods which
might be employed are: aeration, oxidation
ditch, and dehydration. Other health pro-
blems associated with large animal feedlots
are noxious gases, contamination of soil with
heavy land applications of wastes, and water
pollution. Methods of controlling or moderat-
ing noxious gases include aeraflon, dilution,
ozonation, combustion of exhaust air and
activated carbon. To prevent soil contamina-
tion and protect public health from land
application of animal wastes, the Federal
Republic of Germany has established max-
imum permissible livestock density per hec-
tare. Chlorination of wastewaters which may
enter waterways will help prevent water
pollution. In order to minimize environmental
hazards, official proposals have been made to
the effect that antibiotics used in medicine for
therapeutic purposes should be suppressed in
animal feeding. In the meantime, new
products have been put on the market which
are not to be used in human medicine. These
substances are reported not to be resorbed,
hence will not get into food of animal orgin.
Manufacturers also claim that these antibio-
tics do not produce transferable resistance.
(Merryman-East Central)
5275-A11, AU, Bl, B5, D2, E2
HEALTH EFFECTS FROM
WASTE UTILIZATION
Veterinary Medicine College, University of
Brno, Brno, Czechoslovakia
J. Hojovec
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 105-109. 1 tab., 10 ref.
Keywords: Public health, Animal health,
Refeeding, Land application, Chemical treat-
ment, Chlorination, Formaldehyde, Ozona-
tion, Ionizing radiation, pH
This paper focuses on public health problems
associated with the utilization of animal
wastes In refeeding both directly and indirect-
ly as in application on to grasslands which are
grazed by animals. For waste to be eligible for
use as supplemental feeds to animals, three
things must first be established: (a) its
nutritive value, (b) its safety to animals, and
(c) the safety of its residues in the animal
products consumed by humans, assuming that
the economic and technical feasibility of
refeeding has been established. For a waste to
have a feed value, it must be high in
concentration of proteins and/or vitamins,
amino acids and lor energy ingredients.
However, It must be free of such extraneous
materials as wire, glass, nails, toxic levels of
heavy metals, a limited level of coliform
organisms, and free of pathogenic bacteria
and prescribed levels of drug residues. Liquid
manure to be applied to land should be stored
a minimum of seven days to ensure control of
infectious disease from animal feedlots. If
infection of the animals with an Infectious
disease agent is verified, then liquid waste
must be disinfected before disposal. Disinfec-
tion methods depend on the nature of the
agent to be eliminated or inactivated, on the
subsequent use of the waste and the liquid
waste itself. For bacterial pathogenic agents,
disinfection by Chlorination, formaldehyde,
ozonation, ionizing radiation, heating, pH
alteration and the addition of other bacteri-
234
-------
cidal chemical compounds may be used. All
these methods are expensive, and their
technical feasibilities in.large feedlots have
not been demonstrated. (Merryman-East
Central)
5276-46, A7, All, A12, Bl, C2,
Dl, D2
NOXIOUS GASES AND ODOURS
Vice-Director, Institute of Agricultural Engi-
neering, Uppsala, Sweden
O. Noren
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 111-119. 11 fig., 7 tab.,
23 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Animal health,
Public health, Toxicity, Hydrogen sulfide,
Ammonia, Slurries, Anaerobic, Site selection
During anaerobic degradation, gases are
formed which are toxic and /or malodorous. Of
the 20-30 gases identified in confinement
buildings, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are
the primary gases that can occur in toxic
amounts. Gas concentrations vary widely
between the different manure handling sys-
tems and during the varous phases of manure
handling. In buildings with solid manure
systems, hydrogen sulfide is hardly detect-
able. Toxic gases are primarily associated
with slurry systems. To prevent manure gases
from entering the livestock building during
cleaning, slurry systems should be fitted with
gas traps and the drain ventilation suited to
the system being used. When slurry is loaded
into a tanker the gases released inside the
tanker rise up through the filling hatch. Lethal
accidents may occur if tankers, pump pits,
manure containers, deep channels, etc., are
entered before they have been thoroughly
ventilated. A common complaint from neigh-
bors of a feedlot is that there is too much odor.
The determination of odor emissions from
livestock buildings can only be done by means
of a panel. Noxious odorants may be reduced
by keeping buildings clean, not spreading the
manure over a large surface, and cleaning the
buildings at least twice a day if mechanical
scraping is used. While chemical or bio-
chemical compounds may be used to help
reduce odors, they are usually excessively
expensive. Another method of reducing
emission is to treat the ventilation air before it
is released. This can be done by adsorption,
absorption, combustion (direct or catalytic) or
by chemical destruction. The most promising
of these appears to be some kind of
absorption, i.e. washing of odorants. Another
means of combatting odor complaints is
through selecting a site where there is a
sufficiently large buffer zone between it and
the nearest residential area. Otherwise wind
conditions, topographic conditions, and vege-
tation should be taken into consideration.
(Merryman-East Central)
5277-B1, Cl, C2, C3
BIO-ENGINEERING PROPERTIES
OF FEEDLOT WASTES
Professor of Environmental Engineering.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Orm
State University, Columbus, Ohio
E.P. Taiganides
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publisher-
Ltd , London, 1977, p. 131-153. 10 fig., 3 tab,
35 ref.
Keywords: Waste composition, Feedlots,
Waste management
Properties of feedlot wastes influence waste
handling. Feedlot wastes are affected by such
factors as animal species, size and age, animal
feed and water intake, microenvironment on
the feedlot and climate. Feedlot waste
properties may be classified as physical,
chemical and biological. Physical properties
include: temperature, color, taste, odor,
specific gravity, bulk density, particle size,
viscosity, and hydrophlllc properties. Bio-
chemical parameters include: biochemical
oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand,
and soil oxygen demand. Chemical properties
include: rnetals, fertilizer elements, and
electrical conductivity. Major bacteriological
parameters to be considered are total fecal
conforms, total count of bacteria, and identifi-
cation of pathogens. Other feedlot waste
parameters which are important in feedlot
waste management planning are population
equivalent, animal equivalent, and animal
unit. (Merryman-East Central)
5278-B1, B2, B4
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND
TRANSPORT OF CATTLE
WASTES
Director, Agricultural Engineering Research
Institute, Prague, Czechoslovakia
M. Velebil
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London. 1977, p. 157-164. 1 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Dairy wastes, Slurries, Solid
wastes, Waste management, Housing, De-
sign, Waste removal, Waste storage, Waste
transport
Selection of systems for collection, storage
and transport of cattle wastes is affected by
the type of housing and by the concentration
of animals. The housing system determines if
solid or slurry handling equipment will be
used. Present methods of dairy cattle housing
include conventional stanchion barns, loose
housing systems and free-stall systems with
or without slatted floors. Stationary systems of
waste handling have the following advan-
tages: (a) always ready for operation, (b)
require less maintenance and offer better
flexibility in terms of designing systems to fit
in with housing layout, and (c) offer good
possibility of automation and programming.
Disadvantages include: (a) necessity for
special construction, (b) limited use of the
machine in only one barn, and (c) confinement
to a limited number of stall rows. Mobile
systems of management have the advantage
of servicing several barns and also being used
for other tnsks. Disadvantages include high
labor requirements and the limitation of their
use to certain types of housing layout. Mobile
systems require frequent opening of doors
during winter months. Also, the most serious
disadvantage is the impossibility of automa-
tion with mobile systems. The most wide-
spread stationary equipment for straw manure
is the circulating endless chain cleaner
equipped with paddles. The chain and paddle
cleaner is supplemented with a conveyor for
loading manure on trailers or for stacking
manure in layers on the farmstead manure
heap. Other stationary systems for disposing
of straw manure (shuttle stroke barn cleaners,
pushing bars with flaps) are used in
small-capacity barns. In large barns with
minimal bedding, bars with flaps may be used
to move manure out. Mobile units for daily
disposal of straw manure that may be used are
tractor-mounted front loaders or tractor
mounted scrapers with a special blade.
Tractors mounted with blades may also be
used to evacuate slurry and push it into a
collecting storage. For hydromechanical waste
removal, a flushing system may be used.
Design parameters are given for waste
storage. The most common means of handling
solid dairy manure containing straw is the
conventional type manure spreader. Liquid
manure transport generally requires chopper
pumps and tank wagons. A general discussion
of system costs and of new waste handling
developments is given. (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5279-52, B3, B4, Fl
COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND
TRANSPORT OF SWINE WASTES
Swine Breeding Research Institute, Kostelec
and Orlici, Czechoslovakia
T. Jelinek
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 165-174. 11 fig., 3 tab.,
8 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Waste removal,
Waste storage, Waste transport, Design,
Economics
The main factors affecting systems for
removal, transport, storage and utilization of
the wastes are public health considerations
and technical feasibility requirements, includ-
ing economic factors. Waste produced per
mean weight of pigs in the feedlots in this
study, ranged between 5.5 kg waste/day/pig
fattened. However, the mean wastewater
production was 7 4 litres/day/pig. To reduce
excessive water content in wastes, water
feeders and methods of cleaning pens with
minimum use of water are recommended. In
housing units without bedding or straw,
mechanical floor scrapers may be used Liquid
manure may be removed by gravity either by
collecting waste in pits for 3-5 weeks and then
releasing it or by continuous overflow canals
in which a 15 cm gate is installed at the end of
the channel and water is added to a depth of
15 cm, prior to operation. Flushing is an
effective means of removing waste collected in
gutters or in canals under slotted floors.
Recommended storage capacity for swine
wastewaters is 3 months, including a manda-
tory storage for 7 days in a separate pit
without new waste entering the pit during that
week to meet the required time for pathogen
control. Transport systems include tank
wagons varying in size from 3-10 m 3 ,
tractor-drawn or mounted on lorries, both
vacuum and mechanically loaded wagons are
suitable for swine wastewaters. Design para-
meters are listed for waste collection and
storage. (Merryman-East Central)
5280-B2, B3, B4
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND
TRANSPORT OF POULTRY
WASTES
Poultry Research Institute, Ivanka pri Dunaji,
Czechoslovakia
V. Peter and F. Zacharda
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 175-181. 25 ref.
Keywords: Poultry wastes, Waste removal,
Waste storage, Waste transport
This paper examines waste handling tech-
niques for commercial egg-laying poultry
235
-------
operations. Poultry wastes considered are the
manures and wastewaters from large, modern
commercial egg-laying operations. The poul-
try wastes may be handled either by dry or by
liquid methods. Dry systems have the
advantages of low quantities to be handled,
control of water pollution potential, abatement
of odors and less frequent waste removal.
Major disadvantages include the need for
good management, difficulties In automating
the removal process, and dust problems. Dry
poultry manure can be dehydrated easily
and/or composted for utilization. Dry systems
have special ventilation requirements which
have to be engineered to provide good air
circulation over the manure. Liquid systems
have advantages which include less manage-
ment attention than dry systems, ease of
automation of transport and treatment, less
labor requirements, and more economical.
Major disadvantages are odor problems,
water pollution potential, and larger quanti-
ties of wastes to be handled. Dry handling
systems include open housing, the slat
system, in-house drying, and dehydration.
Equipment for the removal of droppings
varies with the method of drying and amount
of storage. For field disposal, conventional or
flail-type manure spreaders may be used. For
transportation to long distances, lorry trucks
should be used. In liquid handling systems,
bird droppings and overflow from waterers
and from other operations such as egg
washing may be collected in shallow or deep
pits underneath the cages. Several methods
can be used to move the waste/wastewaters
from the shallow channel underneath the
cages to the storage tank. One such method is
the floating-dam flooding system. Another
technique for liquid manure removal is the
flushing-gutter system which has been suc-
cessfully operated in swine buildings, using
tipping buckets, dosing siphons, trap-door
tanks, etc. Waste storage may be in pits built
above or below ground Most poultry units use
underground pits to which wastes may be
scraped mechanically or hydraulically or with
conveyors. Storage time must be designed to
suit local climatic conditions, cropping pat-
terns and land availability. Transport is
usually in tank wagons. The latest develop-
ment in tank wagons are those equipped with
soil injection implements. (Merryman-East
Central)
5281-B2, B3, Cl, C2, C3, Dl
SOLIDS SEPARATION AND DE-
WATERING
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute,
Prague, Czechoslovakia
K. Blaha
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 183-195. 7 fig., 3 tab.,
16 ref.
Keywords: Separation techniques, Centrifu-
gal separators, Screens, Filters, Evaporation,
Sedimentation
Advantages of solid-liquid separation tech-
niques are: volume reduction, concentration
of solids for separate treatment or re-use,
reduction or complete removal of settleable
solids, reduction of the pollution potential
of wastewater, prevention of clogging, ease of
hydraulic handling, moderation of odors, etc.
Major disadvantages are high energy and
investment costs for mechanical devices, as
well as labor requirements for maintenance
and operation. Solids separators may be
broadly classified as mechanical, thermal,
physical, and bio-physical Separators may
also be classified in terms of whether they
dewater, clarify the liquid, or classify the
solids. Separation may be accomplished by
centrifugal separators, screens, filters, evap-
orators, or sedimentation. Centrifuges cost
money (12,000-20,000 per m8 /hr capacity),
energy (20-30 h.p. per m3 /hr capacity), and
have high labor requirements for cleaning and
maintenance. A less expensive means which
utilizes centrifugal forces is the liquid cyclone.
Two categories of screens may be used —
stationary and vibrating. Vacuum filters and
the filter press are means of filtering.
Evaporators still need to be better researched
before they will be practical. For open feedlots
exposed to rainfall, runoff contains solids
which may be separated from runoff flow by
use of settling basins. Earth basins or
channels also may be used to settle out solids
by slowing down the runoff velocity or by the
use of porous dams or perforated pipe. Each
of these types of separators is discussed in
terms of how they work and their efficiency.
(Merryman-East Central)
5282-A6, B3, Cl, Dl, D2, Fl
DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR
FEEDLOT WASTES
Professor of Agricultural Engineering, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
M.L. Esmay
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 197-211. 6 fig., 6 tab., 4
ref.
Keywords: Dehydration, Livestock wastes,
Design, Economics
Dehydration of livestock manure can serve as
a pollution control device and can greatly
improve the handling characteristics of the
wastes. The reduction of manure moisture to
the 10-15% level produces a stable odorless
product that can be stored, transported and
conveniently used as fertilizer or as feed
supplement. Moisture reduction Is usually
achieved by: (1) evaporation, (2) physical
separation of liquid, or (3) increase of dry
matter portion oy addition of moisture
absorbing materials (i.e. bedding, litter). The
moisture reduction process of main concern in
this chapter is evaporation. Evaporation can
be achieved in various ways with different
sources of energy: (1) natural air dehydration
by wind, (2) forced air dehydration by
mechanically controlled ventilation with fans,
and (3) heated air dehydration with mechani-
cal dryers having heat sources of (a) fuel oils,
(b) natural or liquefied petroleum gas, (c)
biomass materials, such as wood or other
plant waste products, (d) coal, (e) solar
radiation. Each of these methods iscosted and
discussed in detail. (Merryman-East Central)
5283-B2, D3, Fl
LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR ANI-
MAL WASTES
Associate Professor, Department of Agricul-
tural Engineering, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
R.K. White
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 213-232. 7 fig., 5 tab.,
20 ref.
Keywords: Lagoons, Design, Feedlots, Eco-
nomics, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Facultative,
Algae
Removal of pollutants and stabilization occurs
in lagoons primarily through two processes.
One of these processes is the settling out of
solids through sedimentation and/or chemical
precipitation. The second process Involves
stabilization of organics through biological
transformations. The mode of the biological
transformation determines the type of lagoon.
Usually four types of lagoons are recognized:
(1) Aerobic-Algal Lagoons — Bacteria and
algae, In a symbiotic mode of operation,
combine to stabilize organic wastewaters. (2)
Aerated Lagoons — These 3-4 m deep lagoons
are mixed and aerated by mechanical surface
or diffused air equipment. (3) Faculative
Lagoon - These Lagoons have a surface
aerobic zone and a bottom anaerobic zone. (4)
Anaerobic Lagoons — These lagoons function
without atmospheric oxygen. Design criteria
are detailed for each of these lagoon types.
Satisfactory operation of lagoons and ponds
depends upon good management in addition
to correct design. The manager must be
concerned with odor control, effluent disposal,
solids disposal, and pumps and pipes for
recycling flush water. Lagoon performance
must be evaluated in terms of public health,
aesthetics, ecology and economics in addition
to pollutant removal efficiency. Examples of
lagoons for large feedlots are given. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5284-A1, Ad, 82, D3, E2
AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF
PIG FEEDLOT WASTEWATERS
IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Hydroprojekt, Prague, Czechoslovakia
J. Jonas
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 233-240. 3 fig., 6 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Biological treat-
ment, Aerobic, Thermophilic, Activated
sludge, Sewage
In the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, swine
wastes from large-scale feedlots are disposed
of on fields after a period of anaerobic storage.
Difficulties often arise from odor and oc-
casionally water pollution. To alleviate these
problems, a series of swine waste stabilization
'systems was tested. Neither thermophilic
aerobic stabilization nor activated sludge
aeration proved totally satisfactory. In the city
of Trebon, Czechoslovakia, swine wastes are
being treated with municipal wastes, In the
town of Steti, Czechoslovakia, swine wastes
were added to industrial wastewaters for
treatment in a sewage treatment plant. It was
found that combining swine wastes with the
treatment of municipal or industrial waste-
waters requires less capital and costs less than
if each were treated separately. Furthermore,
better performance Is attained during winter
when swine wastewaters are warmed up by
the relatively warmer sewage wastewaters.
Because of these studies, It has been decided
that future construction of large-scale swine
feedlots (over 10,000 head) should be aband-
oned in cases where the wastes are to be
disposed of by application on land after
thermophilic stabilization. Feedlots with a
capacity higher than 25,000 pigs should
always be connected to a municipal or
industrial wastewater treatment plan, using
one of the methods of treatment described
above. (Merryman-East Central)
5285-B3, D3, E2
COMPOSTING
WASTES
OF FEEDLOT
236
-------
Professor of Environmental Engineering,
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio
E.P. Taiganides
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 241-251. 25 ref.
Keywords: Composting, Feedlots, Livestock
wastes, Windrows, Continuous flow, Digest-
ers, Recycling
Composting is the aerobic, thermophlllc
decomposition of organic wastes to a relatively
stable humus. The main factors Influencing
composting are: moisture content, aeration,
carbon to nitrogen ratio, phosphorus and
potassium content, temperature, pH, particle
size, plus micronutrients and microenviron-
mental conditions conducive to the growth of
aerobic organisms. The two major methods of
composting are natural and mechanical.
Modern feedlots where large quantities of
wastes are generated and excessive odors
cannot be tolerated must use mechanical
aeration to get a good compost process
started. The easiest and most common type of
composting is the windrow process in which
the materials are shaped into heaps which are
turned over manually or with specially
designed mechanical equipment. Another
mechanical method of composting is the
continuous flow composter in which the
materials in a bioreactor (digester) are
subjected to environmental conditions that are
mechanically controlled to provide uniform
airflow distribution and maintain optimum
moisture. Detention time in the bioreactor
may be reduced to as little as two weeks
followed by four weeks of aging in open
windrows. The liquid composting technique
consists of submerged aeration with down-
draught type aerators equipped with propel-
lors to agitate and aerate the liquid. Operating
costs of this process to give complete
treatment, which may include vacuum filtra-
tion, will be in the range of $230/dairy
cow/year. Because it is not likely that farmers
will use high-quality compost in field crop
production, a well-defined market for the
compost product should be defined and
developed before undertaking expensive com-
posting operations. (Merryman-East Central)
S286-A6, Bl, C2, D2, D3, E2
NUTRIENT CONTROL APPLIC-
ABLE TO ANIMAL WASTES
Director, Environmental Studies Program,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
R.C. Loehr
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 253-269. 4 fig., 3 tab., 9
ref.
Keywords: Biological treatment, Land ap-
plication, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Chemical
precipitation, Oxidation ditch, Odor control
Waste management at a livestock facility is
concerned with odor control, waste stabiliza-
tion, nitropen and phosohorus control consis-
tent with land disposal constraints, and ease
of waste handling and disposal. Viable
alternatives to accomplish these needs
include: (a) aerobic biological treatment
followed by land disposal, or (b) direct land
disposal in a prudent, environmentally sound
manner. The desirable level of nutrient
control is related to the utilization of the
nutrients when the wastes are disposed on the
land. Alternatives for controlling phosphorus
in animal wastes or wastewaters are: (a) land
disposal and (b) chemical 'precipitation.
Chemical precipitation is more applicable to
liquid wastes,that areiIntended to be dis-
charged to surface waters. When evaluating
the overall costs of phosphate removal, the
following should be added to the chemical
costs: cost of energy for pumping and mixing,
costs of additional qualified manpower.
Controlled land disposal should be considered
as a high-priority method for phosphorus
control from agricultural wastewaters because
it is more amendable to normal agricultural
production operations, avoids the need for
chemical control and treatment plant opera-
tion, and eliminates the additional problems
of chemical costs and sludge production. In
considering nitrogen control, it is very difficult
to conserve all the nitrogen in animal wastes.
Even if maximum nitrogen conservation
(70%) takes place in an oxidation ditch,
additional losses will occur as the stabilized
wastes are stored, transported and distributed
on the land. Probably less than 50% of
manurial nitrogen excreted by the animals
remains after stabilization, storage and
spreading of wastes. The amounts actually
available for plant growth will be even less
and will depend upon the degree of nitrifica-
tion, denitrification and leaching that takes
place In the soil. Nitrogen control that occurs
in aerated liquid livestock waste stabilization
systems, such as oxidation ditches is consis-
tent with other waste management needs of
livestock producers: odor control, waste
stabilization, and ease of mechanical hand-
ling. (Merryman-East Central)
5287-C1, C2, D2, D3, E3
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANI-
MAL WASTES: ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION, PYROLYSIS, HY-
DROGENATION
Environmental Studies Program, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, New York
W J. Jewell and R.C. Loehr
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 273-294. 9 fig., 5 tab.,
23 ref.
Keywords: Recycling, Gases, Anaerobic di-
gestion, Pyrolysis, Hydrogenation, Design,
Economics, Methane
This paper reviews animal waste management
processes that offer the potential of energy
recovery. The paper: (a) examines the
potential application of energy recovery from
animal wastes, (b) reviews the status of
pyrolysis, hydrogenatlonand anaerobic diges-
tion and their application to animal wastes,
and (c) discusses the potential utility of the
energy produced from the above processes.
Factors to be considered when determining
the potential for energy recovery from animal
wastes include size of the installation, status
of the technology, availability of full-scale
equipment, degree of skilled operation re-
quired, operational time commitment, com-
plexity of the process, and whether it is
expected that the unit will be operated by
agriculturally trained personnel. Design and
economics of utilizing pyrolysis, hydrogena-
tion, and anaerobic digestion are discussed In
detail. (Merryman-East Central)
5288-All, A12, B2, B3, C2, Dl,
D2, D3, E3, Fl
UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK
WASTES AS FEED AND OTHER
DIETARY PRODUCTS
Professor of Agricultural Engineering, Uni-
versity of Illinois at Urbana Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois
D.L. Day
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 295-314. 12 fig., 11
tab., 23 ref.
Keywords: Refeeding, Waste treatment, Ani-
mal health, Public health, Safety, Drying,
Oxidation ditch, Wastelage, Cereco, Corral,
Grazon, Economics
Information that must be known in evaluating
an animal waste product for refeeding are: (1)
nutritive value of the waste, (2) safety of
refeeding it to animal health, and (3) safety to
humans eating the animals that have con-
sumed the wastes. Also, the product must be
acceptable to be eaten or the animals will not
eat it. If the waste is satisfactory, a ration
must be formulated around it to give a
resultant adequate diet for the target animals.
Equipment and procedures must be estab-
lished to (a) harvest the raw waste material,
(b) process It, (c) incorporate It into the animal
diet, and (d) refeed it to the animals. Cost and
returns must be considered along with impact
on pollution control. Regulations concerning
refeeding must be observed and public
acceptance of the refeeding scheme must be
promoted. The more common methods of
processing animal wastes for refeeding in-
clude: drying; creation of wastelage by
collecting fresh manure from cattle feedlots,
mixing it with hay, and ensiling it; and reuse
of oxidation mixed liquor (aerobically treated
with liquid wastes that make a nutrient-rich
drinking water). There are also three major
commercial methods of processing cattle
wastes for refeeding wastes — Cereco, Corral,
and Grazon. All of these processing methods
are discussed in detail. (Merryman-East
Central)
5289-A8, B2, C2, E2
UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL
WASTES FOR CROP PRODUC-
TION
Crop Research Institute, Ruzyne-Prague,
Czechoslovakia
M. Skarda
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 315-327. 10 tab.
Keywords: Liquid wastes, Fertilizers, Land
anplication, Economics, Nitrogen, Waste
composition
Crop fertilization is the most common and
effective way of utilizing liquid manure in
Czechoslovakia. Four years of research have
resulted in the following findings: (1) Applica-
tion of liquid manure to land at a proper rate
with ploughed-under straw and/or in combin-
ation with mineral fertilizers tends to increase
dry matter yields of crops, Improve the
agrochemical properties of the soil, and
enhance the soil nutrient availability. (2)
Liquid manure may easily replace farmyard
manure and composted materials, particularly
if used in combination with straw. (3) When
compared with equivalent nutrient amounts
contained in commercial fertilizers, liquid
manure is highly competitive. (4) Timing of
application is of critical significance as far as
pollution potential and fertilizer effectiveness
are concerned. (5) Graduated doses of liquid
manure increased nutrient availability by a
237
-------
minimum of 9% and a maximum of 96%. (6)
The fertilizers effectiveness of liquid manure
is higher for fodder crops than for cereal
crops. (7) Adding supplementary nitrogen to
fields treated with 50 tons/ha/year of liquid
manure is not necessary. Liquid manure Is an
economical fertilizer when compared with
farmyard manure. The economic return Is
estimated at two to six times better than the
cost of applying liquid manure. (8) Am
application rate exceeding 200 tons/ha In-
hibits seed germination and crop emergence.
(9) The simultaneous ploughlng-under of
straw with liquid manure allows high manure
application rates on light soils and reduces
nitrogen losses by 30-50%. (10) Applying
composted swine manure in a mixture with
city solid wastes produces yields slightly
higher than liquid manure. The added cost of
composting before land application has not
been evaluated. (11) Nitrogen availability as
found In either the solid portion or the liquid
fraction of liquid wastes is not significantly
different. On light soils, the solids fraction of
liquid manure is equivalent to the farmyard
manure. (12) Poultry liquid manure is an
efficient organic fertilizer for heavy and light
soils. Nutrient release rate is faster on llaht
than on heavy soils. (13) Liquid manures from
modern animal units are a valuable organic
fertilizer for plant production; they return
nutrients and organic substance back to the
land, increasing soil fertility and productivity
and improving land ecology. (Merryman-East
Central)
5290-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2, Fl
LAND DISPOSAL OF FEEDLOT
WASTES BY IRRIGATION IN
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Irrigation Research Institute, Bratislava,
Czechoslovakia
R. Kurc
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 329-331.
Keywords: Land application, Feedlot wastes,
Irrigation, Tank wagons, Equipment-irriga-
tion, Fertilizers, Potassium, Eponomics
The simplest method of tranporting anirnal
wastes to the field Is by tank wagons. Wastes
may also be applied to fields by irrigation
methods. Both systems have advantages and
drawbacks which are discussed in this article.
Separation of the solid and liquid phases of
animal wastes enables them to be applied
separately to the soil. The solids can bespread
upon the (and while liquids can be added to
irrigation water as liquid fertilizers. Another
advantage of the separation process is the
reduction in potassium content which is
achieved. This allows higher application rates
forthe separated liquid than could be used for
the original waste. Irrigation equipment
presently on the market which offers promise
are the central pivot systems which are
self-mobile and may cover over 50 ha/day.
Such systems require semi-permanent install-
ation and high initial investment. Disposal of
liquid wastes by irrigation costs about
one-third to one-half the cost of trucking.
(Merryman-East Central)
5297-52, £2, Fl
COSTS OF LIQUID HANDLING
AND TREATMENT OF LARGE
SWINE FEEDLOT WASTES
Swine Breeding Research Institute, Kostelac
and Orlici, Czechoslovakia
P. Simerda
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 335-337. 3 tab.
Keywords: Economics, Swine wastes, Liquid
wastes, Feedlots, Land application. Labor
The costs of land disposal of swine wastes In
Czechoslovakia were studied for one year
(1973-4) In swine feedlots ranging from 1200
to 20,000 pigs capacity. Two types of wagons
were used for land application: lorry-mounted
and tractor-drawn tank wagons with tank
capacities of 3.5 and 10 m3 . Costs ranged
from $0.69 to $1.33 per cubic meter of liquid
waste hauled and spread on cropland. The 10
m*capacity was more economical than the 3.5
m* tank. In terms of animal live weight, the
costs fo liquid manure waste handling ranged
from $0.013 to $0.024 live weight gain.
Approximately 12-20 kg of liquid manure were
generated per kg of daily weight gain by the
animals. Labor requirements amounted to
.20-.40 man-h|jrtOO kg of live weight gain. The
quantity of liquid waste hauled and disposed
ranged from 4 to 10 m' /man-hr. A 10 m*
capacity lorry tank can haul wastes for
3400-4500 fattening pigs. The investment on
such a !orry tank would be about $10/plg. For
tractor-drawn wagons of the same caoacltv.
the investment is $9/pig. Initial investment
for storage facilities (2-3 months storage, .8 m"
/pig capacity) amounts to $50/pig. Treatment
of feedlot wastes Is more expensive than
direct land disposal. A comparison of costs is
given. Hauling pig slurry for 150 days per year
over a distance of 4 km would cost $2.36/ton.
However, the additional benefit accrued In
increased yields amounts to $6.50-10.00/ton.
In large feedlots these economic benefits
cannot be realized due to insufficient storage
and the fact that the weather will not allow the
application of manure in accordance with the
optimal needs of crops for nutrients. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5292-A4, B2, B3, Dl, D3, E3, Fl
COST OF ANIMAL WASTE MAN-
AGEMENT
Program Leader, Animal Wastes, U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Ada, Okla-
homa
L.R. Shuyler
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 339-367. 3 fig. 17 tab
5 ref.
Keywords: Waste management, Economics,
Water pollution, Cattle wastes, Dairy wastes,
Swine wastes, Poultry wastes, Feedlots
Legislation concerning water pollution places
increasing importance on studies to analyze
the economic impacts of alternative effluent
guidelines and suggested management prac-
tices. These costs must be compared with
expected societal benefits In order to appraise
the desirability of pollution control measures.
This paper combines Information from several
studies and presents the data and compar-
isons on a cost-per-head basis; however, the
information does not represent all conditions
that may be encountered. There is a large
variation in costs relative to size of production
unit, species produced, geographical location,
and topography of the site. All costs presented
are for conditions existing in the United States
in 1973. Cost data for construction costs and
material costs in the United States In years
past are delineated. Consequently, It Is simple
to update that data to the present, allowing
comparison of old systems with proposed new
ones. The approaches used to develop these
cost estimates should be the same as the ones
presented In this paper. Use of these data for
any other location should be done by an
experienced, qualified engineer. However, it
is hoped that these cost data may serve as
general guidelines in national policy-making
related to environmental quality around
animal feedlots. Cost calculation methods are
outlined for open feedlots and for covered
feedlots. Beef, dairy, swine, and poultry
systems are considered. (Merryman-East
Central)
5293-A8, B2, B5, C2, E2
LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL
WASTES IN THE GDR
Fertilization Research Institute, Potsdam,
German Democratic Republic
H. Koriath
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 371-378. 7 tab.
Keywords: Slurries, Waste disposal, Waste
composition, Legal aspects
Considering the population density and the
strained water regime as well as the great
demands on the productive power and the
recreational value of the territory of the
German Democratic Republic, the Constitu-
tion and the Envlronment'Act contain highly
stringent regulations for keeping Germany's
waters clean and for protecting the landscape.
Animal waste disposal In the German Demo-
cratic Republic Is based on the following
guidelines: (1) The considerable amounts of
plant nutrients, organic matter and water
contained in slurry must be maximally and
most efficiently used for reproducing soil
fertility and boosting crop production. (2)
Technologies for the treatment and disposal of
slurry and wastewaters must comply with the
requirements of environmental protection. (3)
Methods for the treatment and disposal of
waste products must provide for the in-
nocuous Integration of factory-type livestock
units Into their respective landscapes. Slurry
composition and handling methods are discus-
sed. (Merryman-East Central)
5294-B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D2, D3, E2
SWINE FEEDLOT WASTE-
WATER TREATMENT IN RO-
MANIA
Senior Research Officer, Institute for Water
Resources Engineering, Buchares;, Romania
C.A.L. Negulescu
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 379-381. 2 tab.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Feedlots, Waste-
water treatment, Settling tanks, Activated
sludge, Aeration, Oxidation ponds, Chlorlna-
tion
In Romania, industrial-type large pig fatten-
ing feedlots have been constructed. Wastes
generated in these units are hydraulically
removed with the addition of large amounts of
dilution water. Disposal of the resulting
wastewater, which is 30-40 lltres/pig/day, is
limited by the amount of land surrounding tr _•
feedlot. Such land Is usually Inadequate. Also,
because transport of trie wastewaters Is
economically limited to short hauls, extensive
treatment of the feedlot wastewater is
238
-------
necessary. Treatment systems adopted to
process wastewaters from these large pig
feedlots Include primary treatment and sec-
ondary treatment with disinfection. Primary
treatment is achieved in horizontal settling
tanks equipped with scraping mechanisms.
Secondary treatment consists of activated
sludge basins with mechanical systems of
aeration, or oxidation ponds, followed by final
settling tanks for activated sludge systems,
and chlorination before stream discharge.
(Merryman-East Central)
5295-A4, B2, C2, C3, Dl, D2, D3,
El, F2
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN UPPER SILESIA, PO-
LAND
Environmental Pollution Abatement Centre,
Katowice, Poland
O. Kosarewicz and I. Firlus
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 383-385. 5 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Liquid wastes,
Wastewater treatment, Legal aspects, Feed-
lots, Water pollution
Several methods of treatment of wastewaters
from Polish swine feedlots are being installed
and others are being studied on a laboratory
or pilot plant scale. Seldom do the feedlots
have sufficient land to dispose of their wastes.
Swine wastewaters may be disposed of on
land at application rates of 50-100 m^
/ha/year. One wastewater treatment system
that has been installed on several swine
feedlots is of Hungarian design, the so-called
Vidus type. This system utilizes screening,
pre-aeration, coagulation, activated sludge
treatment, sedimentation, and disinfection
with chlorine. Studies concerning wastewater
management from large animal feedlots are
aimed at analyzing the feasibility of large pig
units in view of the high wastewater treatment
requirements. Such research is being con-
ducted in Poland by Agricultural Institutes,
the Institute of Meteorology and Water
Management and some universities. Feedlot
location, operating conditions and waste
treatment efficiencies to attain at each
location are all controlled by legislation
enacted in 1970 and in force as of January 1,
1971. (Merryman-East Central)
5296-A4, Bl, Cl, C2, Dl, D2, D3,
El, E3, F2
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN HUNGARY
Research Institute for Water Resources
Development, Budapest, Hungary
P. Farkas and T. Racz
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 387-394. 7 tab., 4 ref.
Keywords: Water pollution, Legal aspects,
Feedlots, Swine wastes, Waste composition,
Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Recycling
Total 1973 animal population in Hungary was
about 2 million cattle, 7 million pigs and 33
million poultry. A 1973 survey of 25 pig farms
revealed that the average pig feedlot has
8,000 pigs. The volume of wastewater
generated in Hungarian pig feedlots averages
about 20 liters/day/pig. About 65% of such
wastewater is discharged on land. About
82% of the land-disposed wastewater Is
pretreated by solids separation via lagooning,
settling units, straw filters, etc., followed by
land Irrigation. The rest of the feedlot
wastewaters are discharged Into rivers after
treatment. Treatment by means of anaerobic
lagoon, oxidation ditch, lime-activated sludge,
and alum-activated sludge and denitrification
are discussed in terms of the effluent qualities
obtained. Parameters measured Include COD,
BODi;SS, Total N, Total P, and Total salts. In
1974, The National Water Authority published
guidelines for the resolution of the conflict
between the public demands for good,
inexpensive pork and good, unpolluted water
quality. These included: (1) The main objec-
tive of treating liquid manure should be to
conserve its fertilizer value. (2) A prequlsiteto
liquid manure utilization Is pretreatment.
Type and degree of pretreatment will be
governed by local conditions and constraints.
(3) The simplest form of utilization of liquid
manure is soil conditioning and its use as a
fertilizer. Alternative methods include fish-
ponding, biogas production, and animal feed
recycling. (4) In planning, constructing and
operating waste utilization systems, public
and veterinary health as well as water quality
must be considered fully. (5) If local and
economic constraints do not permit utilization
or land disposal, two alternatives are: (a)
either manure is purified to a degree
prescribed for municipal and industrial wastes
before discharge in surface water, or (b) no
animal feedlot with hydraulic waste flushing
system is permitted to operate in such
localities. (6) The construction and operation
of waste disposal and utilization systems is the
responsibility of the animal producing enter-
prise, even when the state government is
granting financial and technical aid to the
enterprise. (7) Disposal of feedlot waste and
wastewaters on pasture or cropland must be
done properly according to official guidelines.
Issuance of the above mentioned guidelines is
but the first step in the effort of the
Government of Hungary to balance require-
ments of food production and environmental
quality. {Merryman-East Central)
5297-A1, Bl, Dl, D2, D3, E3
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN THE SOVIET UNION
Vice-Minister, USSR Ministry of Agriculture
and Food, Moscow, USSR
B.A. Runov
Animal W?°*es. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 395-396.
Keywords: Feedlots, Waste management,
Fertilizers, Refeeding, Recycling
In the Soviet Union, meat production has
increased from 8.7 million tons in 1960 to 12.3
million in 1970 and 14.5 million in 1974. More
than 260 large-scale livestock complexes have
been built in the Russian Federated Republic
over the last few years, largely as a result of a
governmenl decision in 1971 to develop
livestock production on an industrial basis.
More than 1000 such large livestock com-
plexes are planned in the Soviet Union. In the
design of such complexes, manure removal,
processing, disinfection and storage must
ensure the maximum preservation of fertilizer
value with minimum labor, transportation and
disposal costs. These goals are usually met by
gravity-flow and recirculating manure re-
moval systems, with subsequent fermentation
under anaerobic conditions in the thermo-
philic regime. Manure is also utilized in the
Soviet Union as a supplement in feed rations
after drying the manure in dehydrators.
Serious efforts are under way within the
Soviet Union to develop manure utilization
methods which will effectively eliminate the
possibilities of environmental pollution.
(Merryman-East Central)
5298-Al, B2, B3, Dl, D2, D3, E2,
F2
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN GREECE
Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Social
Services, Athens, Greece
F. Plytas, J. Matsoukas and M. Panaylotidis
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 397-399. 3 tab.
Keywords: Feedlots, Poultry wastes, Swine
wastes, Liquid wastes, Land application,
Waste treatment, Biological treatment, Chlor-
ination, Legal aspects
In Greece, the impressive increase in the
demand for meat, milk and eggs after World
War II led to the development of animal
feedlots near towns and villages. Additional
slaughterhouses and meat and milk process-
ing plants had to be built, compounding
environmental health and pollution problems
from animal agriculture. Rapid growth and
change to intensive and mass production
methods resulted from new techniques and
methods which are being applied in poultry
and swine production today, as well as from
the fact that the successful practice of the
modern poultry and swine production industry
does not need direct connection with agricul-
ture. In large animal feedlots, various
methods of waste handling are used. Liquid
manure handling systems are common in
swine feedlots. Poultry manure from deep
litter houses is dry when removed, so there
are no major difficulties with its direct
disposal on cropland. Feedlot wastewater
treatment systems utilizing primary treatment
for mechanical removal of solids, biological
treatment for removal of BOD and final
disinfection by chlorination are being design-
ed into the newly constructed large feedlots.
Construction of animal production units must
be made according to good animal husbandry
principles and must be within the laws and
regulations concerning environmental quality
and public health protection. Feedlot waste-
waters come under the general regulations
governing effluent discharges into public
waterways from industrial sources. In order to
upgrade wastewater treatment the govern-
ment offers loans and subsidies to animal
producers. (Merryman-East 'Central)
5299-A6, Bl, Dl, D3, E2, F2
ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN THE NETHERLANDS
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wa-
geningen, the Netherlands
A.A. Jongebreur
Animal Wastes Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 401-405. 4 tab.
Keywords: Legal aspects, Feedlots, Odor
control, Air scrubbing, Soil injection, Manure
banks
A 100-year old Public Nuisance Act in the
Netherlands requires that every livestock
239
-------
producer must have a permit, which is given
only to a feedlot which meets the minimum
distance standards specified. In the case of
existing feedlots, if the minimum distances
are exceeded, odor control procedures must
be initiated. Research is now being carried out
to correlate odors and odor control with the
size and type of animal feedlot, the housing
system, the ventilation system, the manage-
ment of the feedlot and the type of manure
storage and handling. One objective of this
research is to develop a simple and objective
odor measurement technique. Odors from
ventilation exhausts have been successfully
controlled through the use of biological air
washers. Odors from field spreading may be
prevented by aeration of the waste before
disposal. Direct injection into the soil also
helps prevent odors. The Netherlands encour-
ages the use of feedlot wastes on cropland
through the Development Fund for Agricul-
ture which has organized Manure Banks
which subsidize transport of liquid manure to
croplands over long distances. Manure Banks
are now operating in three provinces in the
Netherlands. (Merryman-East Central)
5300-AJ, A4, B2, Dl, E2, Fl
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN BULGARIA
Research Institute on Water Supply, Sewage
Purification and Sanitary Engineering, Sofia,
Bulgaria
N. Bogoev
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 407-408.
Keywords: Feedlots, Swine wastes, Dairy
industry, Pollution, Flushing, Land applica-
tion, Biological treatment, Economics
In Bulgaria, large animal feedlots of up to
100,000 pigs and dairy cattle complexes of up
to 1500 head are now operational. This high
concentration of livestock production has led
to environmental pollution problems. Bulgar-
ia's most critical issue is how to dispose of
wastes and wastewaters generated at the
large swine feedlots. Hydraulic flushing is
used at most of these lots creating wastewater
production of about 40-100 liters/pig/day.
Public health officials are requiring pretreat-
ment of wastes before irrigation on land.
Wastewaters from pig farms must be treated
to remove 95-99% of BOD. This high
treatment is needed for farms discharging into
rivers with low flows. The first biological
treatment plant designed by a foreign firm
consisted of a collection pit followed by" solids
separation with a vibrating screen, aeration,
final sedimentation and drying beds for
separated solids. Frequent clogging of the
vibration screen and other failures rendered
the plant ineffective. Experiments for alter-
nate treatment methods are being done. For
swine feedlots of 100,000 pig capacity, the
capital costs for proper wastewater treatment
are excessive, making such large feedlots not
economically feasible (Merryman-East Cen-
tral)
5301-A1, B2, Dl, D2, D3, E2, E3,
F3
FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE-
MENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Veterinary Medicine College, University of
Brno, Brno, Czechoslovakia
J. Hojovec
Animal Wastes. Applied Science Publishers
Ltd., London, 1977, p. 409-412.
Keywords: Feedlots, Liquid wastes, Land
application, Waste treatment, Recycling,
Refeeding, Substrates, Reclamation
At the modern large animal feedlots of
Czechoslovakia, the most common method of
waste handling is in the form of liquid
manure. Based on existing information, the
following recommendations should be fol-
lowed in the use of liquid manure systems for
large cattle, swine or poultry feedlots: (1) In
considering a site, selecting It and in
designing a feedlot: (a) General public health
and veterinary sanitation principles should be
followed so as to keep the surrounding
territory disease-free as much as possible and
to prevent gross environmental pollution; (b)
Liquid manure must be stored in places which
are located on the periphery of the farm,
preferably on a side opposite the nearest
residential area or to other premises whose
sanitation is critical and must be protected. (2)
Land application of liquid manure guarantees
the most efficient use of the soil-fertilizing
values of animal wastes with the lowest
investments of capital and costs of operation.
(3) Storage pits and sewer pipes must be
watersealed and sized to provide at least 100
days of storage, plus additional space for
emergency storage, and must have provision
for the adequate disinfection of all the stored
wastes during times of disease epidemics or
when disinfection Is essential in the protection
of the surrounding land and water areas.
Disinfection chemical residues must not
create soil pollution either. (4)- Untreated
liquid manure can be spread on agricultural
fields only on condition that it was produced
by disease-free livestock. Problems which
require additional research are the tenacity of
the pathogenic germs in liquid manure, odor
control, and waste treatment system design.
Systems of fertilization also need further
improvement, both from the viewpoint of
efficient use of liquid manure and from the
viewpoint of the protection of soil and water.
Suitable application equipment for liquid
manure needs to be further developed and
internationally tested before being marketed.
One form of waste treatment being tested Is
composting the liquid manure with
water-absorbing materials such as pulverized
municipal solid wastes. Land reclamation,
liquid swine wastes as a substrate for growing
mushrooms, and refeeding are also being
tested. For a quicker solution to waste
utilization, It is recommended that the
feasibility of establishing a network for the
prompt exchange of information on results of
work being carried out on these problems In
various parts of the world be studied
immediately and implemented soon. (Mer-
ryman-East Central)
5302-B2, C2, D3, E3, Fl
BYCONVERSION NO PANACEA
AS DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVE
Anonymous
Civil Engineering, V. 48, No. 8, p. 73-75,
Aug., 1978.
Keywords: Blogas, Methane, Economics,
Recycling
The biogas plant, which has recently gained
wide publicity as a resource recycling tech-
nology appropriate for developing countries,
operates on the same principle used In
conventional anaerobic sewage sludge diges-
tion. The digestion tank is fed water daily
along with organic farm and household waste.
The mixture ferments without air to produce
biogas (carbon dioxide and methane) which is
used primarily for domestic cooking and
lighting. Evaluation of such biogas plants is
complex. Very little Information exists with
respect to the capital costs of the biogas unit,
costs on land, the dung produced by animals,
seasonal fluctuations on demands, availabili-
ties and values of resources, and products,
product yields, etc. Before biogas plants are
propagated across the developing world, we
must support the determination of site
specific, socio-economic conditions under
which biogas plants have the greatest chance
of success. (Merryman-East Central)
5303-A6, B2, Cl, C2, D3
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIG-
GERY WASTE: I. THE INFLU-
ENCE OF DETENTION TIME
AND MANURE CONCENTRA-
TION
Department of Water Purification, Agricul-
tural University, Wagenlngen, The Nether-
lands
A.P.M. van Velsen
Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,
V. 25, No. 3, p. 151-169,1977. 7fig., 8 tab., 16
ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Anaerobic diges-
tion, Detention time, Odor control, Total
solids, Nitrogen, Waste composition
The influence of the manure concentration —
in the range of 50 to 112.5 g total solids
(TS)/litre — and the detention time — in the
range of 40 to 10 days — upon the anaerobic
digestion of piggery waste was Investigated in
laboratory experiments (1.5-6 litres) and In
pilot plant experiments (240 litres). In spite of
high ammonia nitrogen concentrations a
stable digestion could be achieved and
maintained at all manure concentrations and
all detention times applied, except when 112.5
g TS/litre manure was added at a 10-day
detention time (space load 8.1 kg volatile
solids (VS) per m* per day). Although a stable
digestion could be maintained up to a space
load of 5.4 kg VS m day"' , the maximum
space load at which a satisfactory reduction of
objectionable manure odor was attained
appeared to be about 3.6 kg VS tif'day"1. (van
Velsen-Agrlcultural University)
5304-A11, Bl, Cl
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM
AND POTASSIUM EXCESS ON
WATER CONSUMPTION, URINE
EXCRETION AND MOISTURE
CONTENT OF FECES OF CHICK-
ENS
National Institute of Animal Industry,
Chiba-shl, Japan
S. Hljikuro
Japanese Poultry Science, V. 13, No. 2, p.
37-42, March, 1976. 4 tab., 7 ref.
Keywords: Poultry, Poultry wastes, Diet,
Sodium, Potassium, Water consumption,
Moisture content
240
-------
Two experiments were conducted to deter-
mine the effect of dietary sodium and
potassium excess on water consumption,
urine excretion and moisture content of feces
of the chickens with an artificial anus. Water
consumption, urine excretion and moisture
content of feces of the chickens significantly
increased when the dietary sodium levels
were excess or potassium sulfate was added to
the control diet. The dietary potassium excess
affected much less compared with sodium
excess on water consumption and urine
excretion, whereas the effects of potassium
and sodium excess on moisture content of
feces were similar. When potassium sulfate
was supplemented to the diets along with
sodium excess supplementation, water con-
sumption and urine excretion increased but
not significantly, whereas moisture content
of feces was not affected. In both experi-
ments, there was a highly significant correla-
tion between water consumption and urine
excretion, and urine excretion increased
proportionally with the increase of water
consumption. However, the moisture content
of feces did not increase over about 80%, even
when water consumption increased markedly.
(Hijikuro-National Institute of Animal Indus-
try)
New York 11803
C.B. Plnello, J.L. Richard and L.H. Tiffany
Poultry Science, V. 56, No. 6, p. 1920-26,
1977. 2 fig., 4 tab, 16 ret.
Keywords: Poultry, Air pollution, Litters,
Mycoflora, Fungi, Confinement
The mycoflora of the air and litter of a turkey
confinement brooder house was sampled
every two weeks for five months. At each
sampling, some turkeys In the house were
bled for gel-preclpitln and passive hemagglu-
tlnatlon test, autopsied and lung, liver and
brain tissues ground for fungal Isolation.
Scopu/arlops/s, Penlc/l/ium, Asperg/llus, and
Petrlella constituted the major mycoflora of
the air and litter. The same fungi were
isolated from the lung, liver or brain tissue
from one day old turkeys. Evidence of possible
fungal invasion was demonstrated In turkeys
six weeks old by the presence of lesions and
the Isolation of potential pathogenic fungi
Turkeys of eight weeks of age were the first to
show antibodies against the Asperg/llus
fumigatus antigen used in gel-precipltin and
passive hemagglutlnatlon tests. (Plnello-An-
alytab Products, Inc.)
Department of Clinical Pathology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of California
Davis, California 95616
E.J. Carroll and D.E. Jasper
Journal of Dairy Science, V. 61, No. 10, p
1498-1507, Oct., 1978. 1 fig., 7 tab.
Keywords: Bacteria, Conforms, Composting,
Flushing, Recycling, Bedding, Dairy wastes,
Separation techniques
The distribution of coliform organisms on
three California dairies which use a system of
automatic flushing of alley ways and com-
posted, recycled manure solids as free stall
bedding for utilization of waste was studied,
There was a wide distribution of Escher/chia
co//, K/ebsiet/a, and Enterobacter and to less
extent Citrobacter organisms. K/ebsiel/a were
not commonly in bovine feces. Composting
manure solids effectively reduced coliform
counts to few or to zero. However, if given
proper conditions of moisture and temper-
ature, conforms could multiply to large
numbers again in composted solids whether
from survivors or from external contamina-
tion. Dried composted manure was satisfac-
tory material for bedding of free stalls
provided it was dried properly before applica-
tion. (Carroll-University of California)
5305-52, C2, Dl, D3, E3
COLORADO BIOGAS
WINS ACEC TOP PRIZE
PLANT
Anonymous
Civil Engineering, V. 48, No. 8, p. 74, Aug.,
1978. 1 fig.
Keywords: Feedlots, Cattle wastes, Recy-
cling, Biogas, Methane, Refeedlng, Algae,
Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Waste treat-
ment
The American Consulting engineers Council
has awarded the top prize for Engineering
Excellence to a process for converting feedlot
manure into methane gas to fuel the Lamar,
Colorado generating plant. The project was
developed by the consulting engineering firm
CH2M Hill of Denver. In this process, manure
will then be degritted and stored for 20 days in
anaerobic digestors. Biogas will form which is
about 40% carbon dioxide and 60% methane.
The carbon dioxide will be removed by amine
adsorption. The remaining methane will be
conveyed to fuel the power plant. The
digested slurry will be centrifuged for
dewatering. The solids will be dried and used
as a cattle feed supplement. The water
removed from the slurry will be treated in
ponds, where algae will remove contaminants
(calcium, potassium and sodium) potentially
toxic to the bacteria. Algae will be removed
from the water and combined with the
digested slurry for cattle feed. Algae clarifier
overflow will be recycled to the beginning of
the process to form slurry before digestion, so
the plant will have effectively "zero dis-
charge." By applying the process to manure
from 50,000 steers, Lamar will produce up to
50% of the gas required to fuel its 25-MW
power plant. (Merryman-East Central)
5306-A7, Bl, C2
MYCOFLORA OF A TURKEY
CONFINEMENT BROODER
HOUSE
Supervisor of Mycology Laboratory, Analytab
Products, Inc., 200 Express Street, Plainview,
5307-A6, B2, D2
CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR
ODOR ABATEMENT MEASURED
ORGANOLEPTICALLY IN LIQUID
DAIRY MANURE
Department of Dairy Science, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
C.C. Stallings, J.W. Thomas, and L.R.
Prewitt
Journal of Dairy Science, V. 61, No. 10, p.
1509-1516, Oct., 1978. 7 tab., 17 ref.
Keywords: Odor control, Chemical treatment,
Dairy wastes, Liquid wastes, Odor measure-
ment, Lime, Paraformaldehyde, Hydrogen
peroxide, Potassium permanganate
Lime, paraformaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide,
and potassium permanganate were evaluated
for their efficacy in controlling odor produced
from decomposed liquid manure (5.6% dry
matter). Paraformaldehyde reduced total ae-
robic microbial numbers and ammonia in
treated manure, Indicating a reduction in
decomposition. In odor evaluation, allowing
panelists to rate each treatment for degree of
offensiveness olfactory fatigue was a signifi-
cant problem for large numbers of treatments.
In a second experiment to alleviate this
problem, each panelist was allowed to
evaluate only three jars at one time. The three
jars, one always a control, were ranked by
their relative offensiveness. Hydrogen per-
oxide at 100 and 500 ppm consistently reduced
offensiveness rankings from .5 to 1.5 h after
addition, but reduction was nil at day 9. On
the other hand, 500 ppm potassium perman-
ganate was consistently effective longer (8
and 9 days). This technique of odor evaluation
reduced olfactory fatigue and allowed detec-
tion of subtle differences between treatments.
(Stalling-Michigan State University)
5308-B3, C3, Dl, D3, E3
DISTRIBUTION OF ENTEROBAC-
TERIACEAE IN RECYCLED MA-
NURE BEDDING ON CALIFOR-
NIA DAIRIES
5309-All, Bl, E3
UTILIZATION OF SWINE MA-
NURE IN A POLYCULTURE OF
ASIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN
FISHES
Illinois Natural History Survey, Kinmundy,
Illinois 62854
D.H. Buck, R.J. Baur, and C.R. Rose
Transactions of the American Fisheries So-
ciety, V. 107, No. 1, p. 216-222, Jan., 1978. 6
tab., 16 ref.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Fish farming,
refeeding
Chinese methods of fish culture were evaluat-
ed for potential use in animal waste manage-
ment, pollution control, and the production of
protein. Two ponds were stocked with grass
carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp
(Hypoptha/michthys molotrix), bighead carp
(Aristichthys nobilis), carp (Cyprinus carpio),
northern largemouth bass (Micropterus sal-
moides salmoides), channel catfish (/c(a/urus
punctatus), and the hybrid of bigmouth
buffalo female (Ictlobus cyprinellus) and black
buffalo male (/. niger). One pond (0,127
hectare) received the total wastes from five
growing pigs (about 39 pigs/hectare of water
area), the other pond (0.121 hectare) received
the wastes from eight pigs (66 pigs/hectare).
Two consecutive lots of pigs were fattened
during the study. Over a fish-growing period
of about 170 days (May to October 1975) the
net Increments in fish biomass were 2,971
kg/hectare In the 0.127-hectare pond and
3,834 kg/hectare in the 0.121-hectare pond. A
beneficial influence by the fish on water
quality was indicated by continuously ade-
quate levels of dissolved oxygen, and final
biochemical oxygen demands in the range of
8-12 mg/llter. (Buck-Illinois Natural History
Survey)
5310-B1
SCHEDULING SWINE PRODUC-
TION FACILITIES
241
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Department of Agricultural Engineering,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
J C Nye, B A McCarl, P.L. Nuthall, D.H.
Bache, and J.E. Kadlec
Paper Number 77-4567, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, 1977 Winter Meeting,
Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 13-16, 1977, 20 p. 6
fig.. 8 tab.
Keywords: Computer models, Management,
Swine
A computer model was developed to assist
swine producers that plan to modify, expand
and start a new swine production complex.
The user supplies management information
by completing an input questionnaire. The
program will then determine size of buildings
needed, the amount of feed needed and the
amount of manure produced. (Nye-Purdue
University)
all likelihood give an increase in food
production that is a large fraction of the
previous output. Using the land animals'
manures as the nutrient input to the pond is,
in essence, recycling and getting a second
crop from the original animal's food. (Merry-
man-East Central)
5313-A11, B3, E3
CATTLE MANURE AND FINAL
MOLASSES SILAGE IN CHICKEN
FATTENING. I. HIGH SUBSTITU-
TION LEVELS OF MAIZE BY
SILAGE SUPPLEMENTATION
WITH FAT AND METHIONINE
OR FAT AND LYSINE
5311-B3, Cl, DJ
SUMMER UTILIZATION OF
SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING
POULTRY EXCRETA
Agricultural Engineering Department, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
48824
F Hall, M Esmay, C. Sheppard, and C
Flegal
Paper No 77-4536, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois,
Dec. 13-16, 1977, 6 p. 1 fig., 2 tab., 2 ret.
Keywords. Dehydration, Poultry wastes,
Moisture content, Solar energy
The 1200 square foot solar collector at MSU
was used during August and September of
1977 to dry poultry excreta. The collector and
ventilation syslem were able to remove
approximately half of the moisture from the
wastes. (Hall-Michigan State University)
5312-B2, B3, E3
AGRICULTURAL
FISH FARMING
InstitutodeCiencia Animal, Apartado 24, San
Jose de las Lajas, Habana, Cuba
R. Romero, A. Elias and C. Hardy
Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, V. 11,
No 1, p. 83-90, 1977 7 tab., 18 ref.
Keywords: Refeeding, Silages, Feed addi-
tives, Poultry, Performance, Cattle wastes,
Methionine, Lysine, Fat
1. 300 Plymouth Rock X Cornish chickens,
distributed in a completely randomized 2x2
factorial design and a control were used in
order to include 45 or 60% of manure silage in
the diets and evaluate the supplementation
with 5% fat plus 0.2% methionine and 5% fat
plus 0.2% lysine in the manure/molasses
diets. 2. Weight gains and live weight at eight
weeks differed (P < .01) between treatments
with manure/molasses and the control and
tended to become worse as silage inclusion
level increased. Interactions were not found
between the silage inclusion levels and the
aminoacid supplementation. The chickens fed
silage significantly increased feed consump-
tion (wet basis) (P < .01). Silage inclusion
reduced the DM contents of the dropping. 3. It
is suggested that the energy content and
protein quality of the silage should be
improved. (Romero-lnstituto de Ciencia Ani-
mal)
WASTES IN
Fish and Aquaculture Research Station, Dor,
Israel
G.L. Schroeder
The Commercial Fish Farmer, V 4, No. 6, p.
33, Sept., 1978. 2 fig.
Keywords: Swine wastes, Cattle wastes,
Poultry wastes, Fish farming, Recycling
Experiments performed at the Fish and
Aquaculture Station at Dor, Israel indicate
that manure can by recycled into fish ponds
where the manure's organic and mineral
components are converted into microorgan-
isms and planktons which in turn provide food
for the fish There were usually 3 repetitions
for each experiment. Pond treatments inclu-
ded manure (cow and chicken) only; standard
food pellets only, and a combination of feed
and manure. The latter treatment was an
attempt to get, at low cost, the maximum fish
yield per unit area of pond. The ponds were
manured 6 days per week For ponds up to
1.000 m2 area, cow manure -- as a fluid
containing the urine and feces — was stored in
open tanks adjacent to the pond and was
poured a! one location. For homestead
farming, adding a fish pond to the already
existing chicken, pig or cow husbandry will, in
242
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-150
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT, A Bibliography with
Abstracts, Volume VI
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
M. L. Rowe and Linda Merryman
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Animal Waste Technical Information Center
School of Environmental Science
East Central Oklahoma State University
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
IBB770
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-805151-02
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final (3/1/78 - 2/28/80)
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/15
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Management and research information on animal wastes has expanded in recent years.
This material has appeared in such diverse sources as journal articles, conference
papers, university publications, government publications, magazine articles, books
or book chapters, and theses. This bibliography was compiled in order to speed the
flow of information on findings in one segment of livestock industry to other segments
that could benefit from this technology.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Agricultural Wastes
Animal Husbandry
Waste Disposal
Bibliographies
Abstracts
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN"
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Animal Wastes Management
Animal Wastes Technical
Abstracts
c. COSATI Field/Group
43F
68D
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report) ~] 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED „,„
2 49
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tin!,'page}
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
243
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