Ecological Research Series
WATER QUALITY:
Western Fish Toxicology Station and
Western Oregon Rivers
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and animal
species, and materials. Problems are assessed for their long- and short-term
influences. Investigations include formation, transport, and pathway studies to
determine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work provides the technical
basis for setting standards to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms
in the aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/3-76-077
September 1976
WATER QUALITY: WESTERN FISH TOXICOLOGY STATION
AND WESTERN OREGON RIVERS
by
Donald F. Samuel son
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
Western Fish Toxicology Station*
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
(^Western Fish Toxicology Station is now attached
to the Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory.
Corvallis, Oregon 97330)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55804
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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ABSTRACT
Seasonal variation in water quality was compared for the Western
Fish Toxicology Station (WFTS), Corvallis, Oregon, the adjacent Willamette
River and approximately forty major western Oregon rivers from 1972 thru
1974.
Water temperature patterns of the Willamette River and the WFTS
well were similar (range, 4.6-20.0°C). While both displayed seasonal
trends, well water lagged 7-10 days behind the river in both temperature
increases and decreases. Dissolved oxygen values in both the river and
well water were inversely related to temperature. Average dissolved
oxygen concentrations were higher in the river (10.4 mg/1) than in the
well water (4.1 mg/1). Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) was low in the
well water (range, 6.6-7.0; median, 6,8) compared to the river (range,
7.0-7.8; median, 7.40). River water was considered to be "soft" with
a mean hardness and alkalinity of 22 mg/1 and 23 mg/1 respectively,
while the well water ranged between "soft to moderately hard" (mean
hardness, 34 mg/1; mean alkalinity, 31 mg/1). High Willamette River
discharges (above Corvallis) were also followed by a 7-10 day lag in
corresponding sharp peaks of total hardness, alkalinity and certain
cations (Ca++, Mg++ and Na+) and anions (504=, HC03~, HO^ and d") in
the well water. Major cation and anion concentrations were low overall.
Trace metals, with the exception of river iron, manganese and zinc,
were found to be at or near detection limits. River iron and manganese
concentrations were approximately 10 times greater than those found in
the well (mean river Fe, 736 yg/1; Mn5 30.7 yg/1; mean well water Fe,
83 yg/1; Mn 3.1 yg/1). River zinc had a mean of 9.4 yg/1, while the
well water mean concentration was 5.1 yg/1.
The Station's research water quality was similar in nearly all
respects to the Willamette and other western Oregon river samples.
A typical western Oregon stream was found to have a near neutral to
slightly acid pH, an alkalinity and hardness of between 10-50 mg/1,
a temperature range of 6-19°C, a dissolved oxygen range of 9.0-12.0 mg/1,
and a relatively low concentration of the trace metals Cd, Cu and Zn.
m
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iii
List of Figures vl
Acknowledgments viii
Section
I SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1
II INTRODUCTION 3
III DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREAS 4
IV METHODS 12
V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16
VI LITERATURE CITED 38
VII APPENDIX 40
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FIGURES
No. Page
1 Site layout of Western Fish Toxicology Station 5
2 Western Fish Toxicology Station well description 6
3 Willamette River Basin 8
4 Willamette River and major tributaries 9
5 (a) Diel and seasonal fluctuation of Willamette 17
River water temperature (°C)
(b) A comparison of Willamette River and WFTS 17
well water temperature (°C) with mean ambient air
temperature (°C)
6 Relationship between daily precipitation (inches) 18
at Corvallis, Oregon, and mean daily discharge
(cfs X 1000) for the Willamette River from
January 1972 thru April 1974
7 Seasonal variation of mean turbidity (Jackson 19
Turbidity Units) for the Willamette River and WFTS
well from June 1972 thru April 1974
8 Comparison of dissolved oxygen (mg/1) and water 20
temperature (°C) for the Willamette River and
Western Fish Toxicology Station well from March 1972
thru April 1974
9 Relationship between daily total alkalinity 22
(mg/1 as CaCOs), total hardness (mg/1 as CaCOa)
and river discharge (cfs X 1000) for the Willamette
River and WFTS well from January 1972 thru April 1974
10 Comparison of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 23
between the Willamette River and WFTS well from
April 1972 thru April 1974
11 Seasonal variation of mean weekly calcium and 24
magnesium concentrations (mg/1) for the Willamette
River and WFTS well from April 1972 thru April 1974
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No. Page
12 Monthly average sodium and potassium concentrations 26
(mg/1) for the Willamette River and WFTS well from
April 1972 thru April 1974
13 Annual fluctuations of mean dissolved chloride 27
(mg/1) for the Willamette River and WFTS well from
April 1972 thru April 1974
14 Seasonal comparison of monthly mean nitrate, nitrite, and 28
ammonia concentrations (mg/1) for the Willamette
River and WFTS well from February 1972 thru April 1974
15 Dissolved sulfate (mg/1) for the Willamette River and 29
WFTS well from October 1972 thru April 1974
16 Suspended plus dissolved solids (mg/1) for the 30
Willamette River and WFTS well from April 1972
thru April 1974
17 Quarterly sampling stations on major western Oregon 33
rivers
18 Quarterly summary of pH, total alkalinity (mg/1 as 35
CaCOs) and total hardness (mg/1 as CaCOs) for major
western Oregon streams (1972-1973)
19 Annual summary of basic chemical and trace metal 36
concentrations and their relative frequencies for
western Oregon streams from December 1972 thru
September 1973
VI 1
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks are given to James L. Fendrick, Irene M. Niemczak, and
Margaret E. Swanson for their assistance in the laboratory and data
analysis. Thanks are also due to Drs. Alan V. Nebeker, Gary A.
Chapman, and Mr. Robert C. Trippel for their technical advice and
critical review of the data.
The water quality and daily discharge records and precipitation
data supplied by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. National Weather
Service, Corvallis, Oregon, was appreciated. The services of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland, Oregon are also acknowledged.
VI 1 1
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SECTION I
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. The water temperature patterns of the Willamette River and Western
Fish Toxicology Station's well water were similar. Both displayed
seasonal trends; however, well water temperature increases and decreases
lagged behind the river by 7-10 days.
2. Dissolved oxygen in the WFTS well and Willamette River varied
inversely with water temperature and followed a seasonal trend.
3. Willamette River discharge had a major but indirect influence on
well water quality. High discharge was followed 7-10 days later by
corresponding sharp peaks in total alkalinity, hardness and certain
cations (Ca++, Mg++ and Na+) and anions (SO^, HC03~, N03~ and C1-) in
the well water.
4. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) was low in the well (range, 6.6-7.0;
median, 6.8) as compared to the river (range, 7.0-7.8; median, 7.4).
This slightly acid condition probably enhanced the leaching and
solubilizing effect in the ground, contributing to the increased mineral
and nutrient levels found in the well water.
5. Dissolved Ca++, Mg++ and Na+ were more abundant in well water and
showed moderate seasonal variation.
6. Nitrate levels in the river varied directly with discharge,
whereas well nitrates followed the same indirect relationship as
alkalinity and hardness. River and well sulfates and chlorides were
similar in both concentration and annual variation.
7. Concentrations of river and well trace elements (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu,
Pb, Hg and Ni) were in close agreement. Iron and manganese concen-
trations were found to be approximately ten times greater in river
water than in well water, while river zinc was twice that of the well.
River Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni displayed seasonal trends.
8. Western Oregon river water quality was similar to that of the
WFTS laboratory water supply. Annual temperature variation for all
streams was between 6.4-19.2 °C. Dissolved oxygen, which varied
inversely with temperature, ranged between 9.4-12.0 mg/1. Hydrogen
ion concentration indicated some seasonal variation (range 6.61-8.30).
9. Alkalinity and hardness in western Oregon streams showed no
seasonal trend but did coorelate well with geographical location.
Northwestern Oregon streams had an alkalinity and hardness of between
10-30 mg/1, while those of southwest Oregon ranged between 31-80 mg/1.
1
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10. Trace elements (Cd, Cu and Zn) were found to be relatively low
in concentration. Seventy-five percent of the streams sampled had a
Cd concentration of <0.01 yg/1. Mean copper and zinc levels were
found to be 1.8 yg/1 and 2.4 yg/1 respectively.
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SECTION II
INTRODUCTION
The Pacific Northwest exhibits a wide range of water quality
which is influenced by an equally wide range of geological and
climatological factors and broad land use patterns (Highsmith, 1968).
Since the chemical and physical properties of these waters are in a
constant state of change, it is necessary to establish environmental
background levels of naturally occurring constituents as well as
suspected pollutants in order to protect aquatic life inhabiting
these waters.
The availability and subsequent monitoring and control of a
high quality water supply are of critical importance to a fishery
research activity. At the Western Fish Toxicology Station (WFTS),
a variety of aquatic organisms, which include different life stages,
are experimentally exposed to toxic metals and various other pollutants
added to the natural water supply. The toxicity of substances added
often depends upon substances already present in the receiving waters.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of such factors
as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness on the
solubility and toxic activity of the material being tested. For
example, an increase in the hardness and/or alkalinity may reduce
the toxic effect of a metal in solution while a decrease enhances it
(Cairns and Scheier, 1957). Low pH usually increases the solubility
of a metallic substance, thereby presenting a more toxic situation
(Sprague, 1964) although this was not the case for zinc (Mount, 1966).
Natural and synthetic organic constituents found in water also
affect the toxicity of a given metal. Some compounds act as chelators
and others form ligands which bind metals into complexes, thus
reducing their toxicity (Remey, 1956; Chau, 1973).
Developing tolerance criteria to establish "safe-level" concen-
trations of toxicants is most often accomplished using laboratory
water. Attempts to apply these criteria to another water system
directly is inadequate unless the water quality of both waters has
been well defined. Many of the water quality data available from
western Oregon streams in the past were incomplete and for many
variables absent altogether. Available data on trace elements were
especially lacking.
This study was designed to summarize and compare seasonal
characteristics of water quality in the WFTS well (which constitutes
the primary water supply of the Station), the adjacent Willamette
River, and to a more limited extent, approximately forty western
Oregon rivers.
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SECTION III
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREAS
WESTERN FISH TOXICOLOGY STATION
Western Fish Toxicology Station is located approximately three
miles southeast of downtown Corvallis, Oregon, and two-hundred meters
west of the Willamette River (Figure 1).
Water Supply and Distribution: Water is obtained from two wells
located in Willamette Park about 100 feet (30 m) from the bank of the
Willamette River. Wells number one and two were drilled in June 1968
and February 1971 respectively. Figure 2 describes both wells in terms
of the soil conditions, their relative depths, and their relationship
to the river.
Water is pumped from number two well via 1050 feet (315 m) of
6-inch (15 cm) PVC pipe using a Peerless submersible pump. A second
submersible pump in well number one provides a back up water supply.
A pressure switch in the water line at the main building automatically
starts the number one pump when the pressure drops below a pre-set
level. Distribution of water throughout the laboratory complex is
also via PVC pipe.
Water Treatment: Incoming well water temperatures vary from 2°C
in January-February to 10°C in August-September. Dissolved oxygen
and pH of the well water entering the laboratory is low and the water
is somewhat supersaturated (D.O. -3.0 ppm, pH -6.8, percent gas
saturation - 110%). Aeration is provided by subsequent pumping and
jetting of water to saturate the water with oxygen, raise the pH and
reduce total supersaturation.
Much of the water is treated with ultraviolet light to control
fish pathogens. Temperature control (both chilling and heating) is
used to maintain experiments at desired temperatures. Reverse osmosis
is used during periods of atypical hardness (>30 mg/1) to provide low
hardness water for blending with ambient water for metal toxicity tests
WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN
The Willamette River indirectly supplies the water for WFTS
wells and influences, to a degree, the quality of the water supply.
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S.E HQOnNinHl AVENUF
ORATORY
CITY OF CORVALLI8
TAYLOR WATER TREATMENT PLANT
WESTERN FISH
TOXICOLOGY
STATION
Figure 1. Site layout of Western Fish Toxicology Station,
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WILLAMETTE PARK
(CITY OF CORVALLIS)
CONCRETE WELL PITS
ef
STEEL WELL CASING
STAINLESS STEEL
INTAKE SCREENS
STEEL WELL CASING
WITH END CAPPED
12
MED. GRAVEL
WITH SILT & CLAY
SANDY G RAVEL
MEDIUM GRAVEL
-200
CLAY & GRAVEL
CLAY
SOIL TYPES
-180
-170
ELEVATIONS
FT. ABOVE MSL
WILLAMETTE RIVER
(MILE 134)
JAN '74 FLOOD 218.5'
JAN '72 FLOOD 217.5'
_ NORMAL WINTER-SPRING
RIVER LEVEL RANGE
~ NORMAL SUMMER-FALL
- RIVER LEVEL RANGE
W.F.T.S. WELLS - CROSS SECTION
Figure 2. Western Fish Toxicology Station well description.
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The Willamette River Basin (Figure 3) is approximately 150 miles
in length and 25 miles wide. It is bordered by mountains on both sides.
On the west, peaks of the Coast Range are 2,000-3,000 feet high. On
the east, the Cascade Range reaches elevations of 5,000-10,000 feet.
At lower elevations the mountains are heavily forested, primarily with
Douglas-fir. Lakes, rock outcroppings, and meadows appear at the higher
elevations in the Cascades.
Most of the Willamette River water originates in the mountains and
flows down into the river via major tributaries (Figure 4).
The Willamette Valley is relatively flat—its primary land use being
agricultural. Willamette River water at the WFTS comes primarily from
several main tributaries in the southern part of the Willamette Valley,
namely, the coast and middle fork of the Willamette River, the McKenzie,
the Long Tom and Muddy Rivers.
The Willamette River has an annual runoff of 26 million acre feet.
Almost 75 percent of this total stream runoff occurs between November-
March and less than 10 percent between June and September.
Historically, Willamette River water quality has received much
attention. In the late 1920's the river was so polluted that complete
depletion of dissolved oxygen was noted during a low-flow summer period
around Portland, Oregon (Willamette Basin Task Force Study, 1969). The
principal causes were untreated municipal and industrial wastes being
discharged directly into the river. Since then, municipalities and
industry have had to comply with pollution abatement measures set forth
by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. These regulations
require at least secondary treatment for domestic wastes such that a
dissolved oxygen content of 5.0 ppm could be maintained at all times
in the Willamette River and Portland, Oregon,harbor.
WESTERN OREGON RIVER DRAINAGES (GENERAL DESCRIPTION)
Most western Oregon rivers and their tributaries are used as
migratory routes, temporary habitats and spawning areas for anadromous
fishes. These streams also serve as a permanent home for many resident
warm and cold water species.
Western Oregon water quality is considered to be good. In any
stream, however, the governing quality factor is the worst condition
that can exist, not the average. For example, low discharge, high
water temperature and low dissolved oxygen usually occur at the same time,
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Mt. Hood
Sourc*: Pacific Northwest Riv*r Basinm Commission
Figure 3. Willamette River Basin
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M -L. Middle South
°rth Sister Sister
SPRINGFIELD/ EUGENE
Mt. Jefferson
WESTERN FISH
TOXICOLOGY
STATION
Source Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission
Figure 4. Willamette River and Major Tributaries.
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Principal factors affecting water quality in western Oregon streams
are climate,geomorphology of the basins, soil conditions, mineral
deposits and land use effects.
CLIMATE
The Willamette lowlands have slightly larger annual temperature
ranges (higher maxima and lower minima) than Oregon coastal regions.
Summer daily maximums are 70-80°F and night time minimums of 50-60°F
are usual in the Willamette Valley.
Precipitation ranges from less than 1-inch per month in the summer
to a mean of 6-9 inches per month in the winter for a total of 35-45
inches annually. Lowlands in southern Oregon such as the Rogue Valley
are more cut off from the marine influence than other lowlands by
continuous- terrain barriers. They experience warmer summers and cooler
winters and lower annual precipitation totals (Highsmith, 1968).
GEOMOPHOLOGY, MINERALS, AND SOIL CONDITIONS
The bedrock at WFTS, and along the Willamette River and other
western Oregon drainages consists of Cenozoic unmetamorphosed marine
sedimentary strata. Soils of the Willamette Lowlands are dark, silty,
nearly level and somewhat acid. These soils are light in weight,
changing to clay with depth.
Soils of the coastal areas contain a high content of organic matter.
They are dark and strongly acid-saturated. Clay content may be high in
narrow horizons. These soils are also light in weight, friable and
porous.
Mineral deposits are varied and widespread. Except for the south-
western Oregon lowlands which have significant deposits of copper, gold
and zinc, the remaining study area had comparatively small deposits of
these minerals.
LAND USE EFFECTS ON WESTERN OREGON WATER QUALITY
The diversity of land use practices in western Oregon substantially
affects the physical and chemical environment of its streams.
The production and transport of sediment constitutes the most
significant impairment to water quality resulting from land use (Willamette
Basin Task Force Study, 1969). Sediment is damaging both while suspended
10
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and after settling. The major single source of sediment is bank cutting
caused by flood flows? however, stripping of vegetation cover and massive
disturbance of soil from urban and rural development, highway construction,
and,to a limited extent, logging activities, have a major input to
sedimentation in our streams.
During winter months, pulp mills discharge nearly all of their wastes.
Additional organic material is discharged from storm sewers and bypasses
from overloaded sanitary sewage treatment plants; however,, dilution is
usually adequate to prevent oxygen depletion.
Nutrients are carried to streams from a number of sources: agri-
culture, cattle (feed lots and stock watering), rain, food processing
and municipal wastes. About two-thirds of the phosphates and about twelve
percent of the nitrates are contributed by agriculture. The remaining
amounts are divided between the other sources. The majority of these
nutrients flow into Oregon rivers during periods of winter runoff.
Temperatures are low enough and flows high enough to prevent major
eutrophication problems.
Toxic elements and related compounds are not normally found in western
Oregon rivers; however, accidental spills and improper application of
pesticides, certain minerals, and petroleum products do result in infrequent
and localized pollution and fish kills.
Coastal streams, except near their mouths and in estuaries, are of
limited usefulness to industry. This is due to low summer flows and
high temperatures. Wastes from natural surface runoff and logging
operations, small sawmills and log rafting cause minor changes in the
water quality of these areas.
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SECTION IV
METHODS
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Routine water samples and field measurements were collected at
various intervals, depending on their nature in support of the
Station's research.
Physical characteristics such as wet and dry bulb air temperature,
Willamette River and well water temperature and discharge were measured
daily. Water samples for chemical analysis such as dissolved oxygen,
pH, total alkalinity and hardness were also collected daily. Ambient
levels of ammonia and trace heavy metals, in the Station's water supply
and individual test tanks, were monitored on a schedule compatible
with the research work load.
Remaining chemical characteristics were collected, preserved and
delivered to Consolidated Laboratory Services, Pacific Northwest
Environmental Research Laboratory, National Environmental Research
Center (NERC), Corvallis, Oregon, for analysis on a weekly basis.
Field sampling on western Oregon rivers for temperature, D.O., pH,
hardness, alkalinity and heavy metals was conducted once quarterly
during 1972-1973.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Air and water temperatures were taken daily with a centigrade
glass thermometer or continuously on a Taylor, manually wound, thermo-
graph. Willamette River stage, in feet above sea level, was correlated
with U.S. Geological Survey's discharge records for the reporting period.
Rainfall records were supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, National Weather Service,
Corvallis, Oregon.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
All chemical analyses were carried out according to Standard
Methods-APHA 13th Ed., 1971, unless otherwise stated.
Dissolved oxygen was determined using a Yellow Springs Instruments
Model 54-RC dissolved oxygen meter equipped with a B.O.D. stirring probe.
Daily, or in some cases, twice daily, standardization of the dissolved
oxygen meter was performed using the azide modification of the Winkler
12
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method. Hydrogen ion concentration was measured with either a Beckman
Zeromatic SS-3 or Orion Model 701 glass electrode pH meter. Hardness
was determined using the EDTA titrametric method (KCN used as inhibitor
for Fe). Alkalinity was determined potentiometrically with 0.02N H2S04,
titrating to end points of pH 4.2 and 4.5.
Nitrates and nitrites were determined by the automated cadmium
copper reduction method. Within 15 minutes after collection, samples
were preserved by the addition of 40 mg HgCl? per liter. Nitrates
were reduced to nitrites and total nitrites (those originally present
plus reduced nitrites) were determined by the azo dye intensity method.
The sameprocedure was then carried out without the Cd-Cu reduction step
for original nitrite. Separate nitrate-nitrite values were then readily
obtainable.
Ammonia was determined by an automated method using a Technicon
Autoanalyzer. Samples were preserved in the same manner as for N02
and ^03. The intensity of the idophenol blue color, formed by the
reaction of ammonia with alkaline phenol hypochlorite, was measured.
Sodium nitroprusside was used to intensify the blue color.
Chloride was determined by mercuric nitrate titration. Dilute
mercuric nitrite solution was added to an acidified sample in the
presence of mixed diphenylcarbazone-bromophenol blue indicator. The
end point of the titration was the formation of the blue-violet mercury
diphenylcarbazone complex.
Sulfate was determined by the turbidometric method. Sulfate ion
was converted to a barium sulfate suspension and the resulting turbidity
was determined on a Hach Turbidimeter and compared to a curve prepared
from standard sulfate solutions.
Suspended and dissolved solids were determined by suction filtering
a well-mixed sample through a 4.7 cm diameter glass fiber filter (Gelman
Type A, without organic binder). The filter and filtrate were dried to
a constant weight at 180°C, the residue being the filterable dissolved
solids. A Gooch crucible and glass fiber filter was used to measure
suspended solids. After filtration, the crucible and disc were dried
in an oven at 103-105°C for 1 hour, desiccated and weighed.
Turbidity was measured by a nephilometer which compared the
intensity of light scattered by the sample under defined conditions
with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension,
using a Hach Model 2100 Turbidimeter. Readings taken were in Jackson
Turbidity Units.
Total calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were determined
directly on unstabilized samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry
13
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using an Instrument Laboratories Model 353 A.A. spectrophototneter.
To mask interferences due to phosphate, sulfate and aluminum (in deter-
mining calcium and magnesium), lanthanum chloridel/ was added at the
rate of 1 ml of LaCl3 solution for each 10 ml of sample volume.
Total trace metals such as Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn
were preserved at the time of collection with 25 ml concentrated HN03
per liter. Samples were concentrated by evaporation (except for Fe
when concentrations were >50 yg/liter). A 200 ml aliquot of well-mixed
sample w,as transferred to a covered 250 ml Griffin Beaker. The sample
was evaporated to dryness overnight (temperature set low enough to
prevent boiling). The beaker was then cooled, 1.0 ml of HMO? added,
and the volume was adjusted to 10.0 ml with distilled water (20 X
concentration factor). Any residue still remaining in the beaker,
prior to volume adjustment, was broken up and dissolved by sonication.
Samples were then analyzed on an Instrument Laboratories Model 353 A.A.
spectrophotometer.
Total mercury was determined using the flameless cold vapor atomic
absorption method. Water samples were nitric acid-preserved as for
other trace metals. The mercury was reduced to the elemental state
and vaporized from solution in a closed system. The mercury vapor
passed through a cell positioned in the light path of an atomic
absroption spectrophotometer. Mercury concentration was measured
as a function of Absorbance (peak height).
FIELD SAMPLES
Water samples collected from western Oregon streams were analyzed
in the field for temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH. Total hardness
and alkalinity were determined within 24 hours after sampling, in the
laboratory. Trace metals (cadmium, copper and zinc) were analyzed
either by flame using a Perkin-Elmer 403 or by the Perkin-Elmer 305B
and 403 A.A. spectrophotometer equipped with the H6A-2000 heated graphite
atomizer. The heated graphite atomizer afforded certain advantages for
examining background levels of Cd, Cu, and Zn such as direct analysis
(no pre-concentration), improved sensitivity (up to 100 times better
than those obtained previously by flame A.A.) and extremely low
detection limits (that minimum concentration detectable from zero)
(Fernandez and Manning, 1971). Graphite furnace operating conditions
are 1isted in Table 1.
I/ LaCl3 solution was made by adding 58.0 g LaOs in small portions into
500 ml concentrated HC1 and diluting to 1.0 liter with distilled H20.
14
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Table 1.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer and graphite furnace operating conditions for analyzing ambient
concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc in western Oreqon rivers.
Element
Cadmium
Copper
Zinc
i — »
on Element
Cadmi urn
Copper
Zinc
Sample
Volume
(ul)
25
25
5
Flushing
Gas
Argon or N£
Argon or N2
Argon or N£
Wave Length
2288
3246
2138
Gas Flow
(1 ites/min)
3
3
3
Absolute ,.
Sensitivity Detection Limits (uq/l)-'
(gram X lO""12) HGA 2000 Flame A A
1.3 0.02 1.0
60 0.10 2.0
1.8 0.02 2.0
HGA -
Gas Dry
Interrupt Temp. (°C) Time (sec.)
on 200 10
on 200 10
off 200 10
Absorption Recorder Chart
Slit
Width
4
4
5 (4)-/
Mode
(X Abs)
3
3
2 (1)
2000 Programmed Sequence
Temp. (°
400
1000
400
Char
C) Time (sec.)
12
12
10
Range Speed
(mvp/ (mm/mi n)
20 20
10 20
10 (50) 10 (20)
Settings
Atomize
Temp. (°C) Time (sec. )
1600 10
2600 10
1500 11
I/ Detection limits using the HGA-2000 heated graphite atomizer on the Perkin-Elmer 403 and 305B A.A. spectrophotometer
are compared with limits obtained using a 3-slot burner head on the Perkin -Elmer 403 (Fernandez and Manning 1971).
2/ Operating parameters listed in parenthesis apply only to the Perkin-Elmer 403 A.A. spectrophotometer (using the
HGA-2000). All other parameters are applicable to both the Perkin-Elmer 403 and 305B.
-/ Recorder: Perkin -Elmer Model 56.
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SECTION V
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Weekly minimum, maximum and mean water temperatures are plotted
for the Willamette River in Figure 5a. River water temperature
followed a seasonal trend. The extreme range during the reporting
period was from a low of 3.5°C (January 1973) to a high of 19.7°C
(August 1973). Greatest die! variation occurred during the months
of June-August and least from October-April.
Mean water temperature for both the river and WFTS well closely
followed the mean ambient air temperature (Figure 5b). While both
river and well temperature patterns were similar, the river displayed
somewhat higher high and lower low temperatures than the well. There
was approximately 7-10 days lag time in well water response for both
temperature increases and decreases. Figure 6 gives local precipitation
in inches, and Willamette River discharge in cubic, feet per second for
1972-1974. Discharge was primarily influenced by rainfall and snow
melt from the western Cascades and eastern coastal ranges. Eight
reservoirs on the upper Willamette River and McKenzie River are used
primarily for flow regulation and valley flood control (U.S. G. S.
Water Resources Data for Oregon, 1972).
Figure 7 compares turbidity for the river and well between June
1972 thru April 1974. The turbidity of the well water, which was
essentially ground filtered river water, remained relatively constant
between May 1973 thru April 1974 (range 1-13; mean 6, Jackson Turbidity
Units) while the river was extremely variable (range 2-52; mean 14
Jackson Turbidity Units).
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dissolved oxygen values from the well and river were inversely
related to temperature (Figure 8). Dissolved oxygen in the river,
however, was higher overall than in the well with a range of 7.7-13.0
mg/1; mean, 10.4 mg/1. The D.O. concentration of the well was
comparatively lower (range 1.8-8.5 mg/1; mean, 4.1 mg/1). This was
attributed to two factors: (1) the depletion of oxygen as river water
filtered through river rock, sand, and soil into the well; and, (2)
the obvious lack of water movement within the well. Hydrogen sulfide,
while not actually measured, was present in the wells at the time of
start-up; the sulfide gas being detectable by its characteristic
"rotten egg" odor.
16
-------
WILLAMETTE RIVER
~0 ' N' 5 ' J' F ' M ' A' M' J' J' A ' 3 ' 0 ' N' 0~
1973
U A M J J A
1972
Figure 5(a).
Figure 5(b).
Diel and seasonal fluctuation of Willamette River
water temperature ( C).
A comparison of Willamette River and WFTS well water
temperature ( C) with ambient air temperature (°C).
17
-------
Figure 6. Relationship between daily precipitation (inches) at Corvallis, Oregon, and
mean daily discharge (cfs X 10000) for the Willamette River from January 19>
thru April 1974.
-------
WILLAMETTE RIVER
F M ' A M
A'S'O'N'D
Figure 7. Seasonal variation of mean turbidity (Jackson
Turbidity Units) for the Willamette River and
WFTS well from June 1972 thru April 1974.
19
-------
13-
12
10-
8-
6-
4-
2
ui 2-
WILLAMETTE RIVER
TEMPERATURE
24
-20
-15
-10
-5
O
ui
X
o
in
m 10
a
8-
WFTS WELL
INTAKE TEMPERATURE
2-
a:
UJ
0.
-205
UI
15
-10
-5
MAMJJASO N ' D I J 'F'M'A'M'J'J'A'S'O'N'D|J'F'M'A'M
1972
1973
1974
Figure 8. Comparison of dissolved oxygen (mg/1) and water temperature (°C) for the
Willamette River and Western Fish Toxicology Station well from March 1972
thru April 1974.
-------
Daily total alkalinity and total hardness values are plotted
for the river and well against river discharge (Figure 9). River
alkalinity and hardness remained relatively constant throughout the
reporting period (1972-1974); however, well alkalinity and hardness
varied with river discharge and followed a general seasonal trend.
There was a 7-10 day lag period between high discharge in the river
and subsequent peaks of alkalinity and hardness in the well.
River water was considered to be soft with an annual hardness
range between 16-27 mg/1; mean, 22 mg/1. Well hardness ranged between
"soft to moderately hard" with a range of 21-81 mg/1; mean, 34 mg/1.
The annual range of alkalinity for the river was 17-30 mg/1, with a
mean of 23 mg/1, while that of the well was 18-73 mg/1; mean, 31 mg/1.
Bicarbonate alkalinity (as CaCOs) was the major contributor to total
alkalinity (nearly 100%) as determined by the phenolphthalein
titration test (Section 102.4-5b, APHA Standard Methods, 13th Ed.).
This close, but indirect, relationship between river discharge
and well alkalinity and hardness was explained as follows: As ground
water infiltrated upward into the water table aquifer during high
discharge periods, major anions and cations were leached from the
subsurface layers. When the river stage returned to its normal level,
water rich in Ca++, Mg++, Na+ and the corresponding S04=, HCOs-, N03-
and Cl~ ions were carried back to the well. This explains the 7-10
day lag period between high discharges in the river and subsequent
sharp peaks of alkalinity and hardness in the well.
While carbon dioxide itself was not monitored routinely, it was
considered to be present since pH values for the well were consistently
lower (more acidic) than those of the river (Figure 10). The hydrogen
ion concentration of the well had an annual pH range of between 6.56-
6.98, median 6.80, while the river ranged between 7.00-7.80; a median
of 7.4. Low well pH most likely enhanced the solubilizing and leaching
of minerals and their salts from the surrounding stratum.
MAJOR CATIONS
Dissolved calcium and magnesium for the WFTS well, while relatively
low in concentration, showed a high degree of variability compared to
the Willamette River (Figure 11). The well water values ranged from
lows of 5.5 Ca++ and 1.5 Mg++ (mg/1) in November 1973 to highs of 28.3
Ca++ and 4.8 Mg++ (mg/1) in March 1974, while the river remained
constant (4.0-6.5 Ca++, 1.5-2.0 Mg++ mg/1) during the entire reporting
period. These data also indicated that a majority of the cationic
contribution to total hardness was due to the Ca++ ions. Well water
calcium and magnesium concentrations both showed definite seasonal trends
21
-------
Figure 9. Relationship between daily total alkalinity
(mg/1 as CaC03), total hardness (mg/1 as
and river discharge (cfs X 10000) for the
Willamette River and WFTS well from January 1972
thru April 1974.
22
-------
8.0-| WILLAMETTE RIVER
_WFTS WELL
7.0-
6.0.
J ' J ' A ' S ' 0 ' N ' D ' J ' F ' M
M J J
1973
A ' S ' 0 ' N ' D ' J
F ' M ' A '
1974
Figure 10. Comparison of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) between the
Willamette River and WFTS well from April 1972 thru April 1974.
-------
Figure 11. Seasonal variation of mean monthly calcium and magnesium
concentrations (mg/1) for the Willamette River and WFTS
well from April 1972 thru April 1974.
-------
Sodium and potassium concentrations were stable in the river
water but sodium levels in the well water increased following high
river discharge in December 1973 thru March 1974 (Figure 12). These
low levels of sodium and potassium for the well (Na+ 3.0-10.0, mean
5.6 mg/1; K+ 0.5-1.1, mean 0.7 mg/1) and the river (Na+ 2.30-5.9,
mean 4.2 mg/1; K+ 0.6-1.2, mean 0.8 mg/1) are characteristic of
Pacific Northwest waters (Ground Water and Wells, 1966, 1st Ed.).
AN IONS
Moderate seasonal trends were observed in dissolved chloride
concentrations which ranged from 3.0-21.0, mean 7.2 mg/1, in the well
and 2.0-13.0, mean 4.0 mg/1, in the river (Figure 13).
Nitrates, nitrites and ammonia concentrations are plotted in
Figure 14. Nitrates in both the well and river fluctuated seasonally,
ranging from 0.138-0.640, mean 0.257 mg/1 in the well and 0.004-0.430,
mean 0.112 mg/1 in the river. The slightly higher nitrate concentration
in the well during the summer months of 1973 (as compared to summer
1972), was probably due to the greater amount of rainfall preceeding
the 1973 summer season. It was presumed that nitrates entered the
river through land surface runoff. Nitrates entered the well either
via leaching or direct percolation of nitrate rich water into the
aquifer through upstream and overlying soil zones.
Ammonia, to a lesser extent, showed the same trend while nitrites
were found to be virtually absent in the well and only in trace amounts
in the river.
Dissolved sulfate values for the well and river indicated seasonal
variation (Figure 15). Well water sulfates followed a trend similar
to hardness in well water; however, during the two-year reporting
period, detection limits of the analytical method varied, prohibiting
more conclusive results. Nevertheless, during 1973 and 1974, sulfate
concentrations ranged from 1.2-27.0, mean 7.3 mg/1 in the well and
2.0-20.0, mean 7.0 mg/1 in the river.
SOLIDS
Dissolved solids, in both the river and well, were the major
contributors toward total solids (Figure 16). The only exception was
during the high runoff months (November 1973-May 1974) when suspended
and dissolved solids appeared in near equal concentrations in the river.
25
-------
rv>
01
Figure 12. Monthly average sodium and potassium concentrations (mg/1) for
the Willamette River and WFTS well from April 1972 thru April 1974.
-------
15-
WILLAMETTE RIVER
ra
WFTS WELL
20-
15-
10-
1973
1974
Figure 13. Annual fluctuation of mean dissolved chloride
Willamette River and the WFTS well from April
(mg/1 ) for the
1972 thru April
1974.
-------
WILLAUETTE RIVER
a
WFTS WELL
D.O,
Jlfl
n
Jl
U A U J J A 8 O
1972
Figure 14. Seasonal comparison of monthly mean nitrate,
nitrite, and ammonia concentrations (mg/1)
for the Willamette River and WFTS well from
February 1972 thru April 1974.
28
-------
WILLAMETTE RIVER
5J
WFTS WELL
20^
1972
1974
Figure 15. Dissolved sulfate (mg/1) for the Willamette
River and WFTS well from October 1972 thru
April 1974.
29
-------
200-
OO
o
I50H
WILLAMETTE RIVER
|%30ISSOLVEO SOLIDS
fflglsLISPE N DEO SOLIDS
WFTS WELL
^^OlSSOLVED SOLIDS
H|sUSPENDED SOLIDS
M ' J ' J ' A
1972
1973
1974
Figure 16. Suspended plus dissolved solids (mg/1) for the Willamette River and
WFTS well from April 1972 thru April 1974.
-------
Suspended solids ranged between 1.0-92.0, mean 15.0 mg/1 for the river
and 0.8-5.0, mean 1.8 mg/1 for the well during the two-year reporting
period. Corresponding dissolved solids ranged from 25.0-81.0, mean
52.0 mg/1 for the river and 34.0-146.0, mean 73.3 mg/1 for the well.
TRACE ELEMENTS
Trace elements (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
manganese, mercury, nickel and zinc) were compared for the Willamette
River and WFTS well (Table 2). With the exception of iron, manganese
and zinc, mean trace metal concentrations for the well and river were
in close agreement. River iron and manganese concentrations were
approximately ten times greater than those found in the well; while
river zinc exceeded the well by a factor of two. River iron displayed
a definite seasonal trend ranging from a low of 214 yg/1 in July 1973
to a high of 2,535 yg/1 in March 1974. River chromium, copper, manganese
and nickel displayed only moderate seasonal variation having slightly
higher concentrations between November and March. There was no indication
of a seasonal trend in trace elements found in well water.
FIELD SAMPLES (MAJOR WESTERN OREGON STREAMS)
Figure 17 is a map of Oregon showing the sites where quarterly
water quality data were obtained during the reporting period. Station
numbers on the map correspond to stations listed in the data section
(Tables 11 thru 13).
Quarterly mean temperatures and dissolved oxygen values for all
streams sampled during 1972-1973 are as follows:
Temp (°C)
D.O. (mg/1)
Dec. 72 Mar. 73
6.4 7.8
12.0 11.7
Jun. 73 Sep.
19.2 14
9.4 10
73
.8
.0
Temperature and dissolved oxygen varied inversely and followed a
seasonal trend.
31
-------
Table 2. Summary of heavy netal data for the Willamette River and Western Fish Toxicology Station
from January 1972 through April 1974.
GO
ro
Metal
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Detection
Limit
(M/l )!/
0.2-1.0
0.4-1.0
0.5-2.0
0.2-1.0
2.0-40.0
2.0-5.0
1.0
0.5
1.0-2.0
1.0
No. of
Samples
68
69
65
71
70
70
70
62
69
70
WILLAMETTE
No. of
Positive
Occurances
1
41
17
71
70
29
70
27
51
70
RIVER
Cone
Min.
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
100.
2.0
12.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
. (-9/1
Max.
1.0
6.0
3.0
8.0
4300
15.0
100
11.0
8.0
52.0
Mean
1.0
2.4
1.6
3.3
736
5.8
30.7
1.8
2.6
9.4
No. of
Samples
75
77
70
75
75
76
76
70
73
75
WFTS WELL
No. of
Positive
Occurances
6
27
26
73
75
34
73
37
50
71
Cone
Min.
0.2
0.4
0.5
1 .0
18
2.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
"Max.
1.0
17.0
3.0
27.0
290
10.0
32.0
4.0
6.0
29.5
Mean
0.9
2.5
1.5
3.0
82
5.2
3.0
1.3
2.3
5.1
I/
Detection limits established by Consolidated Laboratory Services, National Environmental
Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon.
-------
46° I'-
45C
43° • —
42C
44° —
•KLAMATH FALLS
m
Figure 17. Map showing quarterly sampling stations
on major western Oregon rivers.
33
-------
Figure 18 contains a quarterly summary of pH, total alkalinity
and total hardness data obtained and gives the percentage of streams
sampled which had values within the indicated concentration ranges.
Southwestern Oregon streams (Umpqua River and southward) were known
to have a somewhat higher pH, alkalinity and hardness than north-
western Oregon streams (determined by a preliminary review of U.S.
EPA Storage and Retrieval Data for Western Oregon). Alkalinity and
hardness concentrations showed no seasonal trends but confirmed the
north-south geographical effect. Approximately eighty percent of
the rivers had an alkalinity and hardness between 10-30 mg/1. All
of these were northwestern streams. The remaining 20 percent were
essentially southwestern streams, with a range of 31-80 mg/1. Hydrogen
ion concentration (pH) showed a moderate seasonal trend,being somewhat
more acidic (pH 6.5-7.0) during late fall and winter.
Figure 19 is a summary of basic chemical characteristics including
the trace metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) for all four quarters. Trace metals
did not reflect a seasonal trend. Seventy-five percent of the
streams sampled had a cadmium concentration less than 0.01 yg/1 (17
positive occurances in a total of 106 samples). The highest Cd
concentration found was 0.2 yg/1. Of the 46 positive occurances for
copper (N = 108), the range was 0.2-5.0, mean 1.8 yg/1. Zinc had the
highest number of positive occurances (76 of 110 total samples with a
range of 0.1-11.0, mean 2.4 yg/1).
It was difficult to compare these trace metal concentrations with
similar data collected from other sources since reliable analytical
techniques for analyzing trace metals at these low detection levels
have only recently become available.
34
-------
KXh
PH
n-TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS SAMPLED EACH QUARTER
~ 75-
ui
o
Ul
RANGE OF CONCENTRATION
MAR 1973 (30°/o>
RANGE OF CONCENTRATION
JUNE 1973 (30°/o)
RANGE OF CONCENTRATION
SEPT 1973 (19%)
Figure 18. Quarterly summary of pH, total alkalinity (mg/1 as
CaC03) and total hardness (mg/1 as CaC03) for major
western Oregon streams (1972-1973). The percentage
of streams is indicated in parentheses following
collection date.
35
-------
n-TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES (DEC 72-SEPT 73)
p-NUMBER OF POSITIVE OCCURENCES
100-
75-
O
fO
I
O
TOTAL
ALKALINITY
n-114
p=H4
TOTAL
HARDNESS
n =111
p -III
pH
n -118
o
ro
O
2
LU
O
O
LJ
25-
o
o
o
in
r--
i
O
00
CONCENTRATION (mg/l)
RANGE
CONCENTRATION (mg/l)
RANGE
RANGE
CADMIUM
COPPER
ZINC
o
cr
100-
75-
50-
25-
n -106
p -17
n-108
P-46
n-llO
p -76
q
T
o
V
CONCENTRATION (pg/l)
RANGE
CONCENTRATION (jjg/0
RANGE
CONCENTRATION (pg/l)
RANGE
Figure 19. Annual summary of basic chemical and trace
element concentrations and their relative
frequencies for western Oregon streams from
December 1972 thru September 1973.
36
-------
Comparable levels for unpolluted lake and river water from a
single study (Burrell, 1974) using anodic stripping voltammetry are
as follows:
Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Values for Uncontaminated Natural Waters (yg/1)
Cd Cu Zn
Trinity River, Shasta-Trinity
National Forest, California
Sulphur Springs, Kittitas County,
Washington
Park Lake, Kittitas County,
Washington
Rachel Lake, Kittitas County,
Washington
Roosevelt Lake, Okanogan County,
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.3
2.2
0.2
0.6
1.3
0.3
3.2
4.3
0.4
1.6
Washington
The heated graphite tube method used in the present study must
still be considered an experimental, non-routine technique. Certain
analytical problems involving its use must still be solved. But due
to the relatively pure nature of the bulk of our samples, we consider
the heavy metal values to be quite acceptable and interferences,
including matrix effects, have been found to be minimal.
37
-------
SECTION VI
LITERATURE CITED
American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard methods for
the examination of water and wastewater. 13th Ed. A.P.H.A.,
New York. 874 pp.
Anon. 1966. Ground water and wells. A reference book for the
water-well industry. 1st Ed. St Paul. Chapter 4.
Burrell, D. C. 1974. Atomic spectrometric analysis of heavy-metal
pollutants in water. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.,
Ann Arbor, p 21.
Cairns, J., Jr. and A. Scheier. 1957. The effect of temperature
and hardness of water upon the toxicity of zinc to the common
bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Raf. Notulae Naturae 299: 1-12.
Chau, Y. K. 1973. Complexing capacity of natural water—its
significance and measurement. J. Chromatographic Sci. 11: 579.
Fernandez, F. J. and D. C. Manning. 1971. Atomic absorption analysis
of metal pollutants in water using a heated graphite atomizer.
Atomic Absorption Newsletter 10: 65-69.
Highsmith, R. M. 1968. Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Resources and
development 4th Ed. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.
pp 27 - 46.
Mount, D. I. 1966. The effects of total hardness and pH on acute
toxicity of zinc to fish. Air Wat. Pollut. Int. J. 10: 49-56.
Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. 1969. Willamette basin
comprehensive study: Water and related land resources.
Appendix L. Water pollution control. Willamette Basin Task
Force, Portland.
Remey, H. 1956. A treatise on inorganic chemistry, Part II.
Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam,p. 644.
Sprague, J. B. 1964. Lethal concentrations of copper and zinc for
young Atlantic salmon. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 21: 17-26.
U. S. Department of Commerce. 1972. Precipitation records. Environ-
mental Science Service Administration, Weather Bureau, Corvallis,
Oregon.
38
-------
U. S. Department of Commerce. 1973. Precipitation records. Environ-
mental Science Service Administration, Weather Bureau, Corvallis,
Oregon.
U. S. Department of Commerce. 1974. Precipitation records. Environ-
mental Science Service Administration, Weather Bureau, Corvallis,
Oregon.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1972. Storage and retrieval of
water quality data. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water Programs, Washington, D. C.
U. S. Geological Survey. 1971. Water resources data for Oregon.
Part I. Surface water records. Portland 352 pp.
U. S. Geological Survey. 1971. Water resources data for Oregon.
Part II. Water quality records. Portland 123 pp.
U. S. Geological Survey. 1972. Water resources data for Oregon. Part I
Surface water records. Portland 378 pp.
U. S. Geological Survey. 1972. Water resources data for Oregon.
Part II. Water quality records. Portland 137 pp.
U. S. Geological Survey. 1973. Water resources data for Oregon.
Part I. Surface water records. Portland 409 pp.
Zirino, A. and M. L. Healy. 1972. pH controlled differential voltammetry
of certain trace transition elements in natural waters. Environ.
Sci. Techno!. 6: 243-249.
39
-------
SECTION VII
APPENDIX
Table Page
A-l Key to chemical abbreviations 41
A-2 Mean monthly physical and chemical data for the
Willamette River from March 1972 thru April 1974 42
A- 3 Mean monthly chemical data (DO, pH, TA, TH,
N03, NFU) for the Willamette River from April
1972 through April 1974 43
A-4 Mean monthly chemical data (Ca, Mg, NA, K, 504,
CL) for the Willamette River frorrf April 1972
through April 1974 44
A-5 Mean monthly heavy metal data for the Willamette
River from April 1972 thru April 1974 45
A-6 Mean monthly physical and chemical data for the 46
Western Fish Toxicology Station well from
April 1972 thru April 1974
A-7 Mean monthly chemical data (Do, pH, TA, TH, N02,
NOo, NH3) for the Western Fish Toxicology Station
well from April 1972 through April 1974. 47
A-8 Mean monthly chemical data (Ca, Mg, Na, K, 504)
for the Western Fish Toxicology Station well
from April 1972 through April 1974 48
A-9 Mean monthly heavy metal data for the Western 49
Fish Toxicology Station well from April 1972
thru April 1974
A-10 Physical and chemical data (Temp., DO, pH) for
major western Oregon rivers for collection dates
from December 1972 through September 1973 50
A-ll Physical and chemical data (TA,TH) for major
western Oregon rivers for collection dates
from December 1972 through September 1973 52
A-l2 Heavy metals data for major western Oregon
rivers for collection dates from December 1972
thru September 1973 54
40
-------
TABLE A-l. KEY TO CHEMICAL ABBREVIATIONS
Ca Calcium (mg/1)
Cd Cadmium (yg/1)
Cl Chloride (mg/1)
Co Cobalt (yg/1)
Cr Chromium (yg/1)
Cu Copper (yg/1)
D 0 Dissolved Oxygen concentration (mg/1)
D S Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Fe Iron (yg/1)
Hg Mercury (yg/1)
K Potassium (mg/1)
Mg Magnesium (mg/1)
Mn Manganese (yg/1)
Na Sodium (mg/1)
NH^ Ammonia (mg/1)
Ni Nickel (yg/1)
N02 Nitrite (mg/1)
N03 Nitrate (mg/1)
Pb Lead (yg/1)
pH Hydrogen ion concentration
Precip. Precipitation (inches)
SO Sulfate (mg/1)
S S Suspended Solids (mg/1)
T Turbidity (JTU, Jackson Turbidity Units)
Temp. Temperature (degrees centigrade)
TA Total Alkalinity (mg/1 as CaC03)
TH Total Hardness (mg/1 as CaCO.,)
ZN Zinc (yg/1)
41
-------
Table A-2. Mean monthly physical and chemical data for thp Willamette River frcw "arch, 1972 thru April, 1974.
Month
March (1972)
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
April
Water
Min.
7.6
8.4
11 .5
14.3
17.4
16.3
13.9
12.2
9.2
5.8
4.3
6.8
7.9
10.7
14.4
16.3
17.9
17.0
15.4
12.2
7.2
6.4
---
---
---
—
Temperature °C
Max. Mean
8.2
9.3
12.8
16.1
19.2
18.1
15.1
12.8
9.8
6.3
4.9
7.6
7.9
12.7
16.0
18.1
19.9
18.7
16.8
13.1
7.7
6.7
---
---
---
—
8.0
8.8
12.1
15.2
18.6
17.1
14.5
12.5
9.5
6.0
4.6
7.2
7.9
11.5
14.7
17.2
18.9
17.9
16.1
12.6
7.4
6.5
---
---
---
—
Precip.
(inches)
0.21
0.14
0.08
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.08
0.03
0.16
0.64
0.18
0.06
0.18
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.61
0.40
0.37
0.27
0.29
0.08
River Height
(ft. above mean Discharge
Spa IPVP!) (cfsXIOOO)
208.4
203.8
202.8
201.9
200.7
200.9
201.4
201 .0
201.4
203.8
204.4
200.9
201.2
200.9
199.9
199.7
199.7
200.0
199.5
201.5
208.6
209.7
208.2
204.9
208.2
204.7
41.29
17.36
14.78
9.90
4.57
5.97
8.68
7.06
9.26
20.61
18.59
6.83
8.83
7.15
3.76
3.26
3.34
3.94
4.34
8.84
43.04
48.08
43.95
27.14
43.95
24.31
T D S
(JTU) (mg/1)
---
---
3
---
31.5
37.5
2 52.0
56.5
43.7
52 46.2
60.8
72.5
71.0
55.0
3 52.1
61.0
2 57.0
4 58.0
2 54.0
8 55.2
22 44.0
24 44.5
26 46.5
27 29.7
26 72.0
14 43.3
S S
(mg/1)
---
---
---
---
3.5
5.5
11.0
5.5
3.5
5.2
14.5
5.5
7.0
10.8
7.8
12.8
9.7
7.6
5.8
14.8
34.5
33.5
42.8
22.7
52.5
14.5
42
-------
Table A-3. Mean monthly chemical data (DO, pH, TA, TH, PO;;, W-j. NH-J ) for the
Willamette River from April 1972 thru April 1974.
Month
April (1972)
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
April
DO
11.3
10.7
9.8
9.2
8.8
9.4
10.0
10.6
11.8
11.8
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.5
8.9
8.7
8.6
8.8
9.6
10.1
10.8
11.2
12.0
11.8
12.2
pH*
7.35
7.40
7.40
7.47
7 40
7.45
7.40
7.41
7.20
7.18
7.36
7.48
7.54
7.72
7.47
7.60
7.55
7.40
7.39
7.12
7.13
7.20
7.25
7.24
7.25
TA
19
20
20
22
20
20
21
23
21
22
26
24
24
26
26
26
27
25
25
20
22
21
23
23
21
(mg/1 except
TH
23
19
20
20
19
20
22
21
20
21
24
24
24
25
24
24
22
23
25
20
22
21
19
22
19
pH)
NO?
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.120
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.015
0.009
0.003
0.004
0.083
0.053
0.048
0.100
0.074
0.166
0.269
0.270
0.260
0.165
0.130
0.105
0.056
0.048
0.071
0.059
0.302
0.220
0.337
0.167
0.215
0.179
0.007
0.017
0.019
0.018
0.036
0.045
0.076
0.072
0.085
0.101
0.068
0.056
0.080
0.065
0.063
0.038
0.092
0.115
0.086
0.121
0.047
0.052
0.048
*Median value.
43
-------
Table A-4. Mean monthly chemical -ata 'Ca, Mq. Ma, K, $04, CL) for the
Willamette River from April 1972 thru April 197
Month
April (1972)
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
April
Ca
---
---
---
ii.l
4.8
4.9
5.9
5.3
5.5
5.3
6.3
5.5
6.4
6.4
6.3
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.0
4.8
5.1
4.8
4.7
5.7
5.4
Mg
---
---
---
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.2
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.7
(mg/1)
Na
---
---
---
4.5
3.9
3.6
4.4
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.9
4.0
4.6
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.5
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.8
3.5
3.0
K
---
---
---
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
S04
---
---
<1.0
<10.0
<10.0
2.8
3.8
8.0
5.6
5.0
<5.0
4.3
3.8
6.2
<5.0
3.9
3.3
4.4
14.0
10.2
7.8
8.3
10.4
9.8
Cl
---
---
---
6.5
4.5
3.0
4.0
3.3
2.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.8
4.8
5.2
4.2
5.0
4.8
4.2
3.2
2.4
2.6
6.3
5.0
2.3
44
-------
Table A-5. Mean monthly heavy metal data for the I'Jil lamette River from Anrll 1972 thru April 1974.
Month Cd Cr Co
April (1972)
May
June — — —
July <1.0 1.5 1.5
August <1.0 2.5 <2.0
September <1.0 5.0 3.0
October <1.0 1.5 1.0
November <1 .0 1.3 1.0
December <1 .0 3.5 1.0
January (1973) 1 .8 3.8 <1 .0
February <1 .0 1.8 <1 .0
March <1 .0 2.0 <1 .0
April <1 .0 <1 .0 <1 .0
May <1 .0 <1.0 <1.0
June <1 .0 <1 .0 1.3
July <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
August <1.0 1.5 1.2
September <1.0 <1.3 <1 .0
October <1.0 1.2 1.0
November <1 .0 1.8 —
December <1 .0 2.0 2.0
January (1974) <1.0 3.3 2.0
February <1 .0 1.7 <1 .0
March <1.0 3.0 <2.0
April <1.0 1.5 <2.0
Cu
---
---
---
4.2
3.5
3.0
6.0
2.8
4.5
2.8
3.0
5.5
2.8
2.2
2.8
3.5
2.8
1 .8
2.2
4.5
4.3
5.0
3.3
4.0
3.0
Fe
---
---
---
320
450
360
245
255
1225
668
323
330
388
236
233
214
290
242
524
1660
1198
1877
1420
2535
897
(yg/D
Pb
---
---
---
5.0
<5.0
<5.0
6.0
<5.0
<5.0
6.2
4.5
4.0
7.3
5.0
3.7
2.0
5.4
5.0
<5.0
<5.0
6.3
1.25
<5.0
6.5
6.5
Mn
---
---
---
19.5
18.5
22.0
17.0
20.0
39.5
31.3
16.5
16.0
16.5
22.4
23.3
18.8
18.3
16.0
31.0
62.3
51.3
63.5
43.0
62.0
25.8
Ni
---
---
---
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.0
1.9
4.0
4.0
1.8
<1.0
2.0
3.8
3.0
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.0
T.5
3.7
2.0
0.7
1 .5
<2.0
Zn
---
---
---
5.2
8.0
5.0
6.0
4.5
5.5
8.8
6.8
8.5
8.8
8.0
12.3
13.8
18.3
15.0
6.2
13.5
10.5
9.5
6.3
9.0
4.75
Hg
---
---
0.8
0.5
2.0
1.8
6.0
2.0
0.8
0.6
<0.5
0.6
1.2
0.7
3.3
0.7
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
45
-------
Table A-6. "lean monthly physical and chemical data fnr the Western Fish Toxicoloov Station well
from Anril 1972 thru April 1974.
Month
April (1972)
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
Apri 1
Air Temp °C
Wet Bulb Dry Bulb
12.9
15.3
18.0
20.0
18.5
11.7
9.8
9.2
3.1
6.2
9.1
9.5
12.9
18.8
16.0
17.8
12.0 15.3
12.3 13.6
8.1 9.2
6.0 6.7
6.0 6.7
4.9 5.9
6.2 7.6
9.4 8.6
8.8 11.0
Temp °C
Intake
10.5
11.3
13.4
17.1
18.1
19.7
14.8
12.5
9.0
9.4
8.2
8.8
10.3
13.1
16.3
18.1
20.0
17.7
15.4
12.4
12.2
11.7
11.3
10.8
10.5
T D S
(JTU) (mg/1)
55.0
61.0
62.5
39.0
49.0
61.0
61.8
51.2
48.0
119.0
72.0
96.0
75.0
61.0
1.5 71.0
3.3 70.0
6.4 64.0
5.3 60.5
5.8 62.0
6.8 58.0
7.8 110.0
7.3 1 30 . 0
10.7 80.5
5.0 115.0
3.8 100.0
S S Cl
(mg/1) (mq/1)
<1.0 8.0
<1.0 7.0
<1.0 7.0
1.8 8.3
1.8 6.3
4.0 4.0
1.0 5.5
2.2 5.3
<1.0 4.0
<1.0 12.4
<1.0 5.0
2.0 6.0
2.5 8.8
2.4 8.0
2.8 7.5
1.0 6.8
<1.0 5.8
<1.0 5.3
1.2 5.4
1.0 6.8
<1.0 14.0
1.3 11.3
0.8 6.7
1.5 7.0
2.0 8.5
46
-------
Table A-7. Mean monthly chemical data (Da, pH, TA, Til. r;0z- NQ3. NH?) for th" Western
Fish Toxicology Station well from Anril 1Q72 thru Aoril 1974.
Month
April (1972)
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
April
*Meuian value
DO
---
5.6
4.5
4.0
3.1
3.6
4.5
5.4
7.2
5.6
5.8
4.7
4.8
3.9
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.0
4.0
3.0
4.6
4.1
3.8
3.5
PH*
---
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
TA
---
20
21
20
22
20
21
21
23
39
28
26
27
26
27
27
27
25
27
25
50
63
51
54
43
(mg/1 except
TH
---
22
24
23
23
22
22
23
23
52
33
30
31
28
28
26
25
25
27
28
62
67
58
53
51
pH)
N02
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
—
0.001
<0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
<0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.200
0.154
0.144
0.176
0.151
0.158
0.164
0.160
0.240
0.390
0.350
0.293
0.281
0.271
0.208
0.198
0.172
0.177
0.261
0.414
0.578
0.389
0.368
0.262
<0.001
<0.001
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.013
0.026
0.036
0.047
0.048
0.090
0.051
0.062
0.059
0.054
0.051
0.035
0.076
0.074
0.052
0.061
0.019
0.021
0.192
47
-------
Table A-S. Mean monthly chemical dat* (Ca, Mq, f'a, K, S04) for the Western
Fish Toxicology Station well from April 1972 thru April 1974.
Month
April (1972)
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1973)
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January (1974)
February
March
April
Ca
7.9
5.8
5.8
6.7
6.5
6.0
6.7
6.2
6.2
15.3
7.7
8.0
8.9
8.3
8.4
7.4
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.9
20.3
21.3
14.3
20.8
18.2
Mg
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.5
3.5
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.1
4.2
4.8
3.4
3.8
3.7
48
(mg/1)
Na
5.0
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.2
4.2
7.1
5.0
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.4
4.8
9.0
7.0
6.9
7.2
6.8
K
1 .1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.6
so* .
<10.0
<5.0
3.0
<1.0
<10.0
<10.0
5.0
3.7
3.0
7.8
5.0
5.0
5.3
3.0
4.8
<5.0
3.1
3.1
2.9
10.0
13.0
17.3
14.7
13.0
15.5
-------
Table A-9. flean monthly heavy metal dat? for the Wester11 Fish To/icolonv Station well
from April 1972 thru April 1974.
Month Cd
April (1972) <0.2
May <0.2
June <0.4
July <1.0
August *1 .0
September 1.0
October 1.0
November <1 .0
December <1 .0
January (1973) <1 .0
February <1.0
March <1 .0
April <1 .0
May <1.0
June <1 .0
July <1.0
August <1 .0
September <1.0
October <1.0
November <1 .0
December <1 .0
January (1974) <1 .0
February <1 .0
March <1.0
April <1.0
Cr Co Cu
0.4 0.9 27.0
1.0 0.8 6.6
0.7 1.2 4.6
1.0 1.5 5.0
1.5 <2.0 7.0
0.9 2.0 3.0
1.0 2.0 3.0
1.5 <1.0 2.0
2.5 <1.0 3.0
3.0 1.0 2.3
1.0 <1.0 7.3
<1.0 <1.0 3.0
<1 .0 <1 .0 1.8
<1 .0 <1 .2 1.6
<1.0 1.3 1.8
<1.0 <1.0 1.8
<1.0 <1.0 2.8
<1.0 <1.0 1.0
1.2 <1.0 1.6
1.0 — 1.8
5.5 2.0 2.3
.67 1.75 3.0
<1 .0 <1 . 0 2.3
0.5 <2.0 1.0
<1 .0 <2.0 1.5'
Fe
98
108
99
105
150
102
79
83
177
107
48
33
123
128
66
70
60
81
64
95
52
50
72
59
48
(ug/0
Pb
4.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
<5.0
5.0
6.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
4.0
4.0
6.9
<5.0
4.3
3.8
5.0
5.0
<5.0
5.0
5.0
2.5
1.7
6.5
5.8
Mn
2.0
1.6
1.9
1.3
2.0
2.0
1 .5
2.0
15.5
3.4
1.0
1 .5
3.3
6.4
9.0
2.1
1.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.7
2.5
2.0
Mi
4.0
1.0
2.4
2.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5
4.5
2.5
1.0
1.8
3.2
3.0
1.5
1.9
1.7
1 .0
2.0
1.5
2.0
<1.0
2.0
<2.0
Zn
24.0
7.4
4.9
4.0
5.0
1.0
2.0
1.5
9.5
3.8
9.3
11.0
4.8
11.3
7.3
5.5
5.3
3.0
2.0
2.6
3.0
5.3
2.0
2.0
<1.0
Hg
<0.5
1.0
<0.5
1.5
1.3
2.5
2.3
3.0
1.0
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.6
<0.5
<0.5
0.3
<0.5
<0.5
1.5
49
-------
Table A-10. Physical and chemical data (Term. . DO, oH) fnr ma.ior western Oregon rivers for collection dates from Decemb°r 1972 thru September
1973.
TEMP °C
Station Number
River and Location 12/72 03/73 06/73
1
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
10.
11 .
Ol
0 12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
• ALSEA N Fk below Mill Cr 1 0
. ALSEA, Hwy 34 9 Mike Bauer 1.0
. APPLEGATE, near Applegate 7.0
CALAPOOIA, Hwy 34
CALAPOOIA, (3 Brownsville 10.0 7.2
CHETCO, 7 mi. above tidewater 6.8
COOS, So. Fk. (3 Oielwood 5.5
COOS, 3 mi. above tidewater 8.0
COQUILLE, W. Fk. on Hwy. 42
COQUILLE S Fk (3 Myrtle Point 55 - -
COQUILLE, 0 Coquille 8.5
ELK, head of tidewater 7.5
FIVE, I? Five Rivers
ILLINOIS, E. Fk, & Hwy 20 9.2
ILLINOIS, W. Fk. @ Agness 8.3
KILCHES, (3 Kilches R. Park
LITTLE NESTUCCA (3 Hwy 18
LONG TOM, ? Monroe 8.3 10.0
LUCKIAMUTE @ Hwy 99 - --
McKENZIE, 1-5 nr. Eugene 8.5 7.0
MIAMI, head of tidewater
NECANICUM @ Seaside
NEHALEM N Fk nr Salmonberry - -
NEHALEM, Hwy 101 at bridge
NESTUCCA, ? Cloverdale
PISTOL, 5 mi. above tidewater 6.2
23
17
--
17
--
21
22
21
21
24
24
16
--
14
13
18
17
17
.0
.8
—
.5
--
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
--
.3
.2
.6
.0
.2
D 0
(mg/1)
09/73 12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
12.
-.-
.--
17.
18.
18.
17.
11.
18.
10.
10.
18.
15.
10.
11.
11 .
—
1 0 C
0 13.5 10.0
12.2 9.6
8.6
10.9 11.3
12.2 8.6
5 12.6 --- 9.8
11.0 9.9
C Q C
12.6
6 11.3 9.6 8.6
0 11.9 10.4 9.8
0 9.4 10.4
11.4 9.0
0 lf.8 8.6 11.4
5 10.9
n Q A
S 10.5 11.2 ---- 9.6
5 11.2 11.8 10.2 11.6
5 .... .... 1Q.2
0 9.5
7 8.8 9.1
12.4 9.2
pH
12/72 03/73
7 PR
6.80
7.
6.80 7.
7.
6.75
6.
7 00
53
08
18
--
65
6.99
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.09 7.
6.78 7.
7.62 7.
6.
6.
7.
7.10 7.
7.
16
59
43
24
20
04
11
83
79
07
15
19
06/73
7.90
7.16
--
7.
--
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
7.
6.
6.
7.
7.
7.
--
30
--
29
45
70
60
70
92
25
89
81
15
10
33
09/73
6.88
--
--
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
7.
7.
6.
6.
7.
7.
6.
6.
6,
..
--
--
75
61
82
80
72
23
45
96
75
51
00
72
78
,85
...
-------
Table A-10. (Cont'd) Physical and chemical data (Temo., in, pH) for ma.lor western Oregon rivers for collection datas fror.i December 1S72 thru
September 1973.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37
38.
39.
40.
41 .
12.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
5?
Station Number
River and Location 12/72
ROGUE, 5 mi. above tidewater 5.9
ROGUE, 1-5 @ Rogue R.
SALMON, head of tidewater
SANTIAM, 1-5 nr. Albany 8.1
SANTIAM, M. Fk. B. Green Peter Dam 10.8
SANTTAM N Ft 0 Mill Titv
SILETZ, Hwy 229 1.3
SILTCOOS, Hwy 101 State Pk.
SIUSLAW, head of tidewater
SIUSLAW, Hwy 126 ? Swisshome 9.0
SIXES, hedd of tidewater 5.8
SKIPANNON Hwy 101 @ Seaside
SMITH, M. Fk. (Calif.) Hwy 199
SMITH, (Ore.) head of tidewater
THREE, Hwy 101
-------
Table A-ll. Physical and chemical data (T/1,. TH) for nain>"
*:prn Oreqo" river for collection dates from Oecpmber 1972 thru
1973.
en
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
T8.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
?4
£_T- .
25.
26.
Station Number
River and Location
fit <^Ffl W Ft- ho1r»u Mill fr
ML JCM , M. r K . DclOW PI III Ul.
ALSEA, Hwy 34 @ Mike Bauer
APPLEGATE, nr. Applegate
CALAPOOIA, Hwy 34
CALAPOOIA, @ Brownsville
CHETCO, 7 mi above tidewater
COOS, So. Fk. (<> Dielwood
COOS, 3 mi. above tidewater
COQUILLE, W. Fk. on Hwy 42
mnilTl 1 F C FL- (H Mwv**-1ia Dni'nt-
LU^UlLLt, o. rK. [p Myrtle rOinu
COQUILLE, @ Coquille
ELK, head of tidewater
FIVE, @ Five Rivers
ILLINOIS, E. Fk. G> Hwy 20
ILLINOIS, W. Fk. G> Agness
KILCHES, 13 Kilches R. Park
LITTLE NESTUCCA, @ Hwy 18
LONG TOM, (3 Monroe
LUCKIAMUTE, @ Hwy 99
McKENZIE, 1-5 nr. Eugene
MIAMI, head of tidewater
NECANICUM, (3 Seaside
NEHALEM, N. Fk. nr. Salmonberry
NEHALEM, Hwy 101 at bridge
NESTUCCA, @ Cloverdale
PISTOL, 5 mi. above tidewater
T A
(mg/1)
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
7f, - -
18 29
61 76
21
23 10
20 42
13 18
14 15
1 Q
22 28
20 26 25
_ . 10
53 58
52 61 54
11 16 15
1 1;
26 28 25
13 14
24 21 25 22
13 16 16
7
12 12
14 16 26 29
23 49
(mg/1 }
12/72 03/73 06/73
24
17
60 76
20
20 23
23 47
16
14
25
23 27
52 59
50 62
12 21
28 33
13 15
18 18 18
14 22
10
12 13
16 18 25
22 58
09/73
27
21
24
on
Jw
34
28
1 ft
1 D
61
16
17
I /
27
23
19
25
-------
Table A-ll. (Cont'd) Physical and chemical data( TA, TH) for maior western ("ireaort rivers for collection datps from Dacember 1972
thru September 1973.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
en 38.
oo
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Station Number
River and Location
ROGUE, 5 mi. above tidewater
ROGUE, 1-5 @ Rogue R.
SALMON, head of tidewater
SANTIAM, 1-5 nr Albany
SANTIAM, M. Fk. B. Green Peter Dam
SANTIAM, N. Fk. @ Mill City
SILETZ, Hwy 229
SILTCOOS, Hwy 101 State Pk.
SIUSLAW, head of tidewater
SIUSLAW, Hwy 126 @ Swisshome
SIXES, head of tidewater
SKIPANNON, Hwy 101 @ Seaside
SMITH, M. Fk. (Calif.) Hwy 199
SMITH, (Ore.) head of tidewater
THREE, Hwy 101 @ bridge
TILLAMOOK, Hwy 101 @ Tillamook
TRASK, Hwy 101 @ bridge
TUALATIN1, Hwy 205
UMPOUAH.N. Fk. 1-5 @ Winchester
UMPQUAH.S. Fk. 1-5 nr. Canyonville
UMPOUAH.Hwy 38 above tidewater
WILLAMETTE, Hwy 99 nr. Corvallis
WILLAMETTE, C. Fk. 1-5 @ Saginaw
WILSON, Hwy 101
YAMHILL, Hwy 18
VACIIITNA. Hwv ?f> (3 Fddvville
T A
(mg/1)
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
24 41 48 42
37 38
23
1C _. _
] c _
1 Q
14 16 17
12 18
13 18
17 16
19 21 32 29
16
36 44
13 17
10 11 14 18
21 30 30
28 27
ds
26 28
29 33 51 49
?Q
25 26
40 21 24 20
18 24 20
11 17
Ifi ._
T H
(mg/1)
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
33 39
33
14
14
16
12
10
18
26 24
23
36
13
12 16
21
21
23
27 34
?7
20
34 19
16
14
77
46 39
32
29
i fi
16 17
15
18
14
34 35
42
26 24
28 31
27 28
£.?
22
54 63
24
22 22
21 22
16
-------
Table A-12. Heavy netals data for major western Oregon rivers for collection dates from December 1972 thru SenteTber 1973.
1
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
en
-P* 12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Station Number
River and Location 12/72
Al ^FA W FL- hplnw Mill ^r 01
nl_ OLM , IN. ~ f\ . UCIUWIIIII -1 U.I
ALSEA, Hwy 34 0 Mike Bauer 0.0
APPLEGATE, nr Applegate
CALAPOOIA, Hwy 34
CALAPOOIA, P Brownsville 0.2
CHETCO, 7 mi. above tidewater
COOS, So. Fk. (3 Dielwood 0.0
COOS, 3 mi. above tidewater
rnOIIII IF U Fk nn Wum A.9
mnilTI IF ^ FIc 0 Mvrtlp Pnint n 0
L-UUUILLU, o. r is , vy IIJTLIC runiL u.u
COQUILLE, 0 Coquille
ELK, head of tidewater 0.1
FT\/F f3FivpRiwprc
ILLINOIS, E. Fk. & Hwy 20
ILLINOIS, W. Fk. @ Agness
KILCHES, (3 Kilches R. Park
1 TTTI F NF^TIICTA f3 Huiv IP
LONG TOM, (3 Monroe 0.0
LUCKIAMUTE, @ Hwy 99 0.1
McKENZIE, 1-5 nr. Euqene 0.0
MIAMI, head of tidewater
NECANICUM, (3 Seaside
NEHALEM, N. Frk. nr Salmonberry
NFMAI FM Hwv 101 at hriHnp
NESTUCCA, (3 Cloverdale 0.0
PISTOL, 5 mi. above tidewater
Cd
(yg/1)
03/73 06/73 09/73
0.1
0.0
0.0
—
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
—
0.0
0
.0
--
--
--
--
.0
0.0
n
0
0.0 0
n
0.0
n
. u
.2
.0
n
. u
0.0 0.0
0.0 0
n
0
0.1 0
0.0 0
.0
.0
.0
--
.0
.0
Cu
(yg/D
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
1 "5
1 . o
1.8
2.
3.5 0.
0.
1.2
0.
i n
1 . U
0.
1 .4 0.
1.
0.
0.
4.1 0.
5.0 0.
1.3 0.
0.
_
3
-
5
0
-
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
3
0
0
0.
1.6
0.0
—
0.0
0.
0.
n
5.
0.0 0.
n
u .
0.0 0.
0.0 2.
n
0.
0.0 0.
0.0 0.
0
-
-
-
-
0
0
n
u
0
5
n
u
0
0
0
5
•-
0
0
- -- 0.0
0.1
n
0.0 0
0.0
--
.0
.0
--
0.
0.0 0.
1.
0
0
0
0.0
n
0.0 0.
0.0
.-
0
0
.-
In
(yg/D
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
0 0
u.u —
3.0
3.
5.0 0.
0.
3.0
1.
n n
LI . U
0.
4.0 0.
1.
0.
_
3
-
3
0
-
3
3
3
0
3
0.0
7.0 0.
11.0 0
6.0 0,
0
0
0
0.0 0
0
.3
.0
.0
.0
.3
.0
.0
.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
— —
0.0
1.0
0.0
2 0
0.5 1.0
0.1 1.0
y n
2.2
0.2 0.0
0.1 4.0
1 0
6.0
0.5 4.0
0.9 0.0
0.0
? n
0.0 1.0
O.i
-------
Table A-12. (Cont'd) Heavy metals data for major Western Oregon rivers for collection dates from December 1972 thru September 1973.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
(Ji
on 38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Station Number
River and Location 12/72
ROGUE, 5 mi. above tidewater 0.0
ROGUE, 1-5 @ Rogue R.
SALMON, head of tidewater
SANTIAM, 1-5 nr Albany 0.0
SANTIAM, M. Fk. B. Green Peter Dam 0.1
SANTTAM M Pl^ ft M-ill Pitv
SILETZ, Hwy 229 0.0
SILTCOOS, Hwy 101 State Pk.
SIUSLAW, head of tidewater
SIUSLAW, Hwy 126 @ Swisshome 0.0
SIXES, head of tidewater 0.1
SKIPANNON, Hwy 101 @ Seaside
SMITH, M. Fk. (Calif.) Hwy 199
SMITH, (Ore.) head of tidewater
THREE, Hwy 101 @ Hebo 0.0
TILLAMOOK, Hwy 101 & Tillamook
TRASK, Hwy 101 @ bridge
TUALATIN Hwy 205
UMPOUAH,N. Fk. 1-5 @ Winchester
UMPOUAH,S. Fk. 1-5 nr. Canyonville 0.2
UMPOUAH.Hwy 38 above tidewater 0.2
WILLAMETTE, Hwy 99 nr. Corvallis
WILLAMETTE, C. Fk. 1-5 @ Saginaw 0.1
WILSON, Hwy 101
YAMHILL, Hwy 18
YAQUINA, Hwy 20 ? Eddyville 0.0
Cd
(ug/1)
03/73 06/73 09/73
0.
0.
---
---
0.
0.
---
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0
-
-
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.
---
0.
0.
0.
0
-
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
---
0.
0.
—
0.
---
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 0.0
1 —
0
0.0
2 0.0
0
0.0
2
0 0.0
0
0 0.0
0 0.0
0 0.0
0.0
0
0 0.2
0
0 0.0
0 0.0
0
Cu
(yg/D
12/72 03/73 06/73 09/73
4.2 0.0 0
1.1 0
0
2 4
? 7
'
2.3 0
0.0 0
0.0
4.5 0
1.8 0.0 0
2.5
.5 0.0
.5
.0
n ^
.0 0.0
.2
0.0
.0
.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 1
0.0 0
0.0 0
0.0 0
4.7 1.1 1
A 7
1.3 0
3.1 0.5 0
0.0 0
0.0 0
1 9
0.5
.0 0.0
.0 0.5
.0 1.5
1 R
.0
.5 0.0
.0
.0 0.0
.0 0.5
.0
Zn
(yq/D
12/72 03/73 06/73
7.0 0.
0.3
i n
n n
0.0
0.
11.
3.0
3.0 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.0 2.
1.
0.
0.
5.0 0.
R n
0.
8.0 0.
0.
0.
"? o
0 1.2
1.6
0.1
3.5
3
0
2.7
0 2.0
7
3 0.0
0
8 0.9
0 0.6
0 0.7
0 2.7
3 0.0
1
6 0.0
0 0.1
0 0.2
09/73
6.0
2.0
0.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
8.0
2.0
6.0
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-76-077
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
WATER QUALITY: WESTERN FISH TOXICOLOGY STATION AND
WESTERN OREGON RIVERS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSI ON-NO.
REPORT DA I h . \
September 1976 (Issuing Date)
7. AUTHOR(S)
Donald F. Samuelson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Western Fish Toxicology Station*
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
1350 S.E. Goodnight Avenue
Corvallis, OR 97330
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BA608
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
Duluth, MN 55804
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final, 1972-1974
1 1 1 I U.. I .» 1 •* / fa~ I iX / T
14. SPONS6RING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
*Western Fish Toxicology Station now is attached to the Corvallis Environmental
Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330
16. ABSTRACT
Seasonal variation in water quality was compared for the Western Fish Toxicology
Station (WFTS), Corvallis, OR, the adjacent Willamette River and approximately 40 mai'or
western Oregon rivers from 1972 through 1974.
Water temperature patterns of the Willamette River and the WFTS well were simi-
lar (range, 4.6-20.0C). While both displayed seasonal trends, well water lagged 7-10
days behind the river in both temperature increases and decreases. Dissolved oxygen
values in both the river and well water were inversely related to temperature. Average
dissolved oxygen concentrations were higher in the river (10.4 mg/1) than in the well
water (4.1 mg/1). Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) was low in the well water (range,
6.6-7.0), compared to the river (range, 7.0-7.8). River water had a mean hardness and
alkalinity of 22 mg/1 and 23 mg/1 respectively, while well water ranged between "soft
to moderately hard" (mean hardness, 34 mg/1; mean alkalinity, 31 mg/1). High Willam-
ette River discharges (above Corvallis) were followed by a 7-10 day lag in correspond-
ing sharp peaks of total hardness, alkalinity, and certain cations and anions in the
well water. Major cation and anion concentrations were low overall. Trace metals
were found to be at or near detection limits. River iron and manganese concentrations
were approximately 10 times greater than those found in the well. River zinc had a
mean of 9.4 ug/1, while the well water mean concentration was 5.1 ug/1.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Water quality
Seasonal variations
Rivers
Major western Oregon
rivers
Willamette River
Western Fish Toxicology
Station
08H
13. DISTRIBUTION 3TATEMEN1
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
64
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
56
•ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1976— 757-056/5437
------- |